---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers
widget:
- example_title: Nederlands
  source_sentence: Deze week ga ik naar de kapper
  sentences:
  - Ik ga binnenkort mijn haren laten knippen
  - Morgen wil ik uitslapen
  - Gisteren ging ik naar de bioscoop
datasets:
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/AllNLI-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/altlex-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/coco-captions-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/flickr30k-captions-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/msmarco-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/quora-duplicates-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/sentence-compression-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/simplewiki-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/stackexchange-duplicate-questions-translated-nl
- NetherlandsForensicInstitute/wiki-atomic-edits-translated-nl
language:
- nl
license: apache-2.0
base_model:
- DTAI-KULeuven/robbert-2022-dutch-base
---

# robbert-2022-dutch-sentence-transformers

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.

<!--- Describe your model here -->

This model is based on [KU Leuven's RobBERT model](https://huggingface.co/DTAI-KULeuven/robbert-2022-dutch-base). 
It has been finetuned on the [Paraphrase dataset](https://public.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/reimers/sentence-transformers/datasets/paraphrases/), which we (machine-) translated to Dutch. The Paraphrase dataset consists of multiple datasets that consist of duo's of similar texts, for example duplicate questions on a forum. 
We have released the translated data that we used to train this model on our Huggingface page. 

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]

model = SentenceTransformer('NetherlandsForensicInstitute/robbert-2022-dutch-sentence-transformers')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```



## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch


#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('NetherlandsForensicInstitute/robbert-2022-dutch-sentence-transformers')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('NetherlandsForensicInstitute/robbert-2022-dutch-sentence-transformers')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling.
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)
```


## Training
The model was trained with the parameters:

**DataLoader**:

`MultiDatasetDataLoader.MultiDatasetDataLoader` of length 414262 with parameters:
```
{'batch_size': 1}
```

**Loss**:

`sentence_transformers.losses.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss` with parameters:
  ```
  {'scale': 20.0, 'similarity_fct': 'cos_sim'}
  ```

Parameters of the fit()-Method:
```
{
    "epochs": 1,
    "evaluation_steps": 50000,
    "evaluator": "sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator",
    "max_grad_norm": 1,
    "optimizer_class": "<class 'torch.optim.adamw.AdamW'>",
    "optimizer_params": {
        "lr": 2e-05
    },
    "scheduler": "WarmupLinear",
    "steps_per_epoch": null,
    "warmup_steps": 500,
    "weight_decay": 0.01
}
```


## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False})
)
```

## Citing & Authors

<!--- Describe where people can find more information -->