metadata
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
language:
- en
library_name: sentence-transformers
license: apache-2.0
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:6300
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: >-
The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes listed in
Part IV, Item 15(a)(1) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are included
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
sentences:
- >-
What is the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets
related to the Certificate of Needs and Medicare licenses as of December
31, 2023?
- >-
What sections of the Annual Report on Form 10-K contain the company's
financial statements?
- >-
What was the effective tax rate excluding discrete net tax benefits for
the year 2022?
- source_sentence: >-
Consumers are served through Amazon's online and physical stores with an
emphasis on selection, price, and convenience.
sentences:
- >-
What decision did the European Commission make on July 10, 2023
regarding the United States?
- >-
What are the primary offerings to consumers through Amazon's online and
physical stores?
- >-
What activities are included in the services and other revenue segment
of General Motors Company?
- source_sentence: >-
Visa has traditionally referred to their structure of facilitating secure,
reliable, and efficient money movement among consumers, issuing and
acquiring financial institutions, and merchants as the 'four-party' model.
sentences:
- >-
What model does Visa traditionally refer to regarding their transaction
process among consumers, financial institutions, and merchants?
- >-
What percentage of Meta's U.S. workforce in 2023 were represented by
people with disabilities, veterans, and members of the LGBTQ+ community?
- >-
What are the revenue sources for the Company’s Health Care Benefits
Segment?
- source_sentence: >-
In addition to LinkedIn’s free services, LinkedIn offers monetized
solutions: Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, Premium Subscriptions,
and Sales Solutions. Talent Solutions provide insights for workforce
planning and tools to hire, nurture, and develop talent. Talent Solutions
also includes Learning Solutions, which help businesses close critical
skills gaps in times where companies are having to do more with existing
talent.
sentences:
- >-
What were the major factors contributing to the increased expenses
excluding interest for Investor Services and Advisor Services in 2023?
- >-
What were the pre-tax earnings of the manufacturing sector in 2023,
2022, and 2021?
- What does LinkedIn's Talent Solutions include?
- source_sentence: >-
Management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this
assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework (2013).
sentences:
- >-
What criteria did Caterpillar Inc. use to assess the effectiveness of
its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023?
- What are the primary components of U.S. sales volumes for Ford?
- >-
What was the percentage increase in Schwab's common stock dividend in
2022?
model-index:
- name: BGE base Financial Matryoshka
results:
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 768
type: dim_768
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.6985714285714286
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8414285714285714
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8657142857142858
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.92
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.6985714285714286
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.28047619047619043
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.1731428571428571
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09199999999999998
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6985714285714286
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.8414285714285714
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8657142857142858
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.92
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.8114825069748515
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7767295918367347
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.779481901997206
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 512
type: dim_512
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.6871428571428572
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8342857142857143
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8671428571428571
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.9157142857142857
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.6871428571428572
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.2780952380952381
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.1734285714285714
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09157142857142857
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6871428571428572
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.8342857142857143
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8671428571428571
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.9157142857142857
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.8039891164862677
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.767999433106576
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.7710057411481398
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 256
type: dim_256
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.6885714285714286
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8314285714285714
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8642857142857143
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.9028571428571428
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.6885714285714286
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.27714285714285714
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.17285714285714282
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09028571428571427
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6885714285714286
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.8314285714285714
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8642857142857143
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.9028571428571428
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7989516471467306
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.765295918367347
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.7692128415609499
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 128
type: dim_128
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.6728571428571428
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.82
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8485714285714285
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.8814285714285715
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.6728571428571428
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.2733333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.16971428571428568
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.08814285714285712
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6728571428571428
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.82
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8485714285714285
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.8814285714285715
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7821925383362863
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7497494331065757
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.7546515962764364
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: dim 64
type: dim_64
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.6457142857142857
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.7871428571428571
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8371428571428572
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.8771428571428571
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.6457142857142857
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.2623809523809524
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.1674285714285714
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.0877142857142857
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6457142857142857
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.7871428571428571
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.8371428571428572
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.8771428571428571
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.7643402580875925
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7279302721088433
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.7322931230633279
name: Cosine Map@100
BGE base Financial Matryoshka
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 on the json dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
- Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
- Training Dataset:
- Language: en
- License: apache-2.0
Model Sources
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
model = SentenceTransformer("SatyamD31/bge-base-financial-matryoshka")
sentences = [
'Management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013).',
'What criteria did Caterpillar Inc. use to assess the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023?',
'What are the primary components of U.S. sales volumes for Ford?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
Evaluation
Metrics
Information Retrieval
Metric |
Value |
cosine_accuracy@1 |
0.6986 |
cosine_accuracy@3 |
0.8414 |
cosine_accuracy@5 |
0.8657 |
cosine_accuracy@10 |
0.92 |
cosine_precision@1 |
0.6986 |
cosine_precision@3 |
0.2805 |
cosine_precision@5 |
0.1731 |
cosine_precision@10 |
0.092 |
cosine_recall@1 |
0.6986 |
cosine_recall@3 |
0.8414 |
cosine_recall@5 |
0.8657 |
cosine_recall@10 |
0.92 |
cosine_ndcg@10 |
0.8115 |
cosine_mrr@10 |
0.7767 |
cosine_map@100 |
0.7795 |
Information Retrieval
Metric |
Value |
cosine_accuracy@1 |
0.6871 |
cosine_accuracy@3 |
0.8343 |
cosine_accuracy@5 |
0.8671 |
cosine_accuracy@10 |
0.9157 |
cosine_precision@1 |
0.6871 |
cosine_precision@3 |
0.2781 |
cosine_precision@5 |
0.1734 |
cosine_precision@10 |
0.0916 |
cosine_recall@1 |
0.6871 |
cosine_recall@3 |
0.8343 |
cosine_recall@5 |
0.8671 |
cosine_recall@10 |
0.9157 |
cosine_ndcg@10 |
0.804 |
cosine_mrr@10 |
0.768 |
cosine_map@100 |
0.771 |
Information Retrieval
Metric |
Value |
cosine_accuracy@1 |
0.6886 |
cosine_accuracy@3 |
0.8314 |
cosine_accuracy@5 |
0.8643 |
cosine_accuracy@10 |
0.9029 |
cosine_precision@1 |
0.6886 |
cosine_precision@3 |
0.2771 |
cosine_precision@5 |
0.1729 |
cosine_precision@10 |
0.0903 |
cosine_recall@1 |
0.6886 |
cosine_recall@3 |
0.8314 |
cosine_recall@5 |
0.8643 |
cosine_recall@10 |
0.9029 |
cosine_ndcg@10 |
0.799 |
cosine_mrr@10 |
0.7653 |
cosine_map@100 |
0.7692 |
Information Retrieval
Metric |
Value |
cosine_accuracy@1 |
0.6729 |
cosine_accuracy@3 |
0.82 |
cosine_accuracy@5 |
0.8486 |
cosine_accuracy@10 |
0.8814 |
cosine_precision@1 |
0.6729 |
cosine_precision@3 |
0.2733 |
cosine_precision@5 |
0.1697 |
cosine_precision@10 |
0.0881 |
cosine_recall@1 |
0.6729 |
cosine_recall@3 |
0.82 |
cosine_recall@5 |
0.8486 |
cosine_recall@10 |
0.8814 |
cosine_ndcg@10 |
0.7822 |
cosine_mrr@10 |
0.7497 |
cosine_map@100 |
0.7547 |
Information Retrieval
Metric |
Value |
cosine_accuracy@1 |
0.6457 |
cosine_accuracy@3 |
0.7871 |
cosine_accuracy@5 |
0.8371 |
cosine_accuracy@10 |
0.8771 |
cosine_precision@1 |
0.6457 |
cosine_precision@3 |
0.2624 |
cosine_precision@5 |
0.1674 |
cosine_precision@10 |
0.0877 |
cosine_recall@1 |
0.6457 |
cosine_recall@3 |
0.7871 |
cosine_recall@5 |
0.8371 |
cosine_recall@10 |
0.8771 |
cosine_ndcg@10 |
0.7643 |
cosine_mrr@10 |
0.7279 |
cosine_map@100 |
0.7323 |
Training Details
Training Dataset
json
- Dataset: json
- Size: 6,300 training samples
- Columns:
positive
and anchor
- Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
|
positive |
anchor |
type |
string |
string |
details |
- min: 8 tokens
- mean: 44.33 tokens
- max: 289 tokens
|
- min: 9 tokens
- mean: 20.43 tokens
- max: 46 tokens
|
- Samples:
positive |
anchor |
The Company defines fair value as the price received to transfer an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the Company uses the fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), observable inputs other than quoted prices (Level 2), and unobservable inputs (Level 3). |
What is the role of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy according to ASC 820? |
In the event of conversion of the Notes, if shares are delivered to the Company under the Capped Call Transactions, they will offset the dilutive effect of the shares that the Company would issue under the Notes. |
What happens to the dilutive effect of shares issued under the Notes if shares are delivered to the Company under the Capped Call Transactions during the conversion? |
Marketing expenses increased $48.8 million to $759.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. |
How much did the marketing expenses increase in the year ended December 31, 2023? |
- Loss:
MatryoshkaLoss
with these parameters:{
"loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
"matryoshka_dims": [
768,
512,
256,
128,
64
],
"matryoshka_weights": [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
],
"n_dims_per_step": -1
}
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
eval_strategy
: epoch
per_device_train_batch_size
: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size
: 16
gradient_accumulation_steps
: 16
learning_rate
: 2e-05
num_train_epochs
: 4
lr_scheduler_type
: cosine
warmup_ratio
: 0.1
bf16
: True
tf32
: True
load_best_model_at_end
: True
optim
: adamw_torch_fused
batch_sampler
: no_duplicates
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir
: False
do_predict
: False
eval_strategy
: epoch
prediction_loss_only
: True
per_device_train_batch_size
: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size
: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size
: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size
: None
gradient_accumulation_steps
: 16
eval_accumulation_steps
: None
learning_rate
: 2e-05
weight_decay
: 0.0
adam_beta1
: 0.9
adam_beta2
: 0.999
adam_epsilon
: 1e-08
max_grad_norm
: 1.0
num_train_epochs
: 4
max_steps
: -1
lr_scheduler_type
: cosine
lr_scheduler_kwargs
: {}
warmup_ratio
: 0.1
warmup_steps
: 0
log_level
: passive
log_level_replica
: warning
log_on_each_node
: True
logging_nan_inf_filter
: True
save_safetensors
: True
save_on_each_node
: False
save_only_model
: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint
: False
no_cuda
: False
use_cpu
: False
use_mps_device
: False
seed
: 42
data_seed
: None
jit_mode_eval
: False
use_ipex
: False
bf16
: True
fp16
: False
fp16_opt_level
: O1
half_precision_backend
: auto
bf16_full_eval
: False
fp16_full_eval
: False
tf32
: True
local_rank
: 0
ddp_backend
: None
tpu_num_cores
: None
tpu_metrics_debug
: False
debug
: []
dataloader_drop_last
: False
dataloader_num_workers
: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor
: None
past_index
: -1
disable_tqdm
: False
remove_unused_columns
: True
label_names
: None
load_best_model_at_end
: True
ignore_data_skip
: False
fsdp
: []
fsdp_min_num_params
: 0
fsdp_config
: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap
: None
accelerator_config
: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed
: None
label_smoothing_factor
: 0.0
optim
: adamw_torch_fused
optim_args
: None
adafactor
: False
group_by_length
: False
length_column_name
: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters
: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb
: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers
: False
dataloader_pin_memory
: True
dataloader_persistent_workers
: False
skip_memory_metrics
: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop
: False
push_to_hub
: False
resume_from_checkpoint
: None
hub_model_id
: None
hub_strategy
: every_save
hub_private_repo
: False
hub_always_push
: False
gradient_checkpointing
: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs
: None
include_inputs_for_metrics
: False
eval_do_concat_batches
: True
fp16_backend
: auto
push_to_hub_model_id
: None
push_to_hub_organization
: None
mp_parameters
:
auto_find_batch_size
: False
full_determinism
: False
torchdynamo
: None
ray_scope
: last
ddp_timeout
: 1800
torch_compile
: False
torch_compile_backend
: None
torch_compile_mode
: None
dispatch_batches
: None
split_batches
: None
include_tokens_per_second
: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen
: False
neftune_noise_alpha
: None
optim_target_modules
: None
batch_eval_metrics
: False
batch_sampler
: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler
: proportional
Training Logs
Epoch |
Step |
Training Loss |
dim_768_cosine_map@100 |
dim_512_cosine_map@100 |
dim_256_cosine_map@100 |
dim_128_cosine_map@100 |
dim_64_cosine_map@100 |
0.8122 |
10 |
1.5606 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.9746 |
12 |
- |
0.7548 |
0.7549 |
0.7484 |
0.7289 |
0.6910 |
1.6244 |
20 |
0.6617 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.9492 |
24 |
- |
0.7656 |
0.7624 |
0.7589 |
0.7422 |
0.719 |
2.4365 |
30 |
0.4579 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.9239 |
36 |
- |
0.7689 |
0.7642 |
0.7620 |
0.7466 |
0.7234 |
3.2487 |
40 |
0.3997 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.8985 |
48 |
- |
0.7696 |
0.7631 |
0.7630 |
0.7462 |
0.7217 |
0.8122 |
10 |
0.3101 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.9746 |
12 |
- |
0.7733 |
0.7714 |
0.7702 |
0.7546 |
0.7252 |
1.6244 |
20 |
0.2579 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.9492 |
24 |
- |
0.7783 |
0.7743 |
0.7688 |
0.7555 |
0.7295 |
2.4365 |
30 |
0.2101 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.9239 |
36 |
- |
0.7796 |
0.7712 |
0.7686 |
0.7556 |
0.7320 |
3.2487 |
40 |
0.1862 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.8985 |
48 |
- |
0.7795 |
0.7710 |
0.7692 |
0.7547 |
0.7323 |
- The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.2.0
- Transformers: 4.41.2
- PyTorch: 2.2.0a0+6a974be
- Accelerate: 0.27.0
- Datasets: 2.19.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
MatryoshkaLoss
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
year={2024},
eprint={2205.13147},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}