diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e9caed86b6abcbe9615dc94017be2bbc8c73620
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Das Vogel-Sündopfer wird unten hergerichtet und das Vieh-Sündopfer oben, das Vogel-Ganzopfer wird oben hergerichtet und das Vieh-Ganzopfer unten, durch eine Abweichung hiervon wird bei diesem wie bei jenem das Opfer untauglich. Die für die Vogelpaare [vorgeschriebene] Ordnung ist folgende: ist es ein Pflichtopfer, so ist eines ein Sündopfer und eines ein Ganzopfer, bei Gelübden und freiwilligen Gaben gibt es nur Ganzopfer. Was ist ein Gelübde? Wenn jemand sagt: Ich verpflichte mich zu einem Ganzopfer. Was ist eine freiwillige Gabe? Wenn er sagt: Ich bestimme dieses zum Ganzopfer. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Gelübden und freiwilligen Gaben? Nur der, dass man bei Gelübden, im Falle es umkommt oder gestohlen wird, es zu ersetzen verpflichtet ist und bei freiwilligen Gaben, im Falle es umkommt oder gestohlen wird, es nicht zu ersetzen verpflichtet ist.",
+ "Haben Sündopfer sich unter Ganzopfer gemischt oder Ganzopfer unter Sündopfer, selbst eines unter zehntausend, muss man sie alle umkommen lassen. Haben Sündopfer sich unter Pflichtopfer gemischt, sind nur soviele tauglich, wie Sündopfer in den Pflichtopfern enthalten waren, ebenso sind, wenn Ganzopfer sich unter Pflichtopfer gemischt haben, nur soviele tauglich, wie Ganzopfer in den Pflichtopfern enthalten waren, gleichviel ob die Pflichtopfer in der Mehrzahl und die freiwilligen in der Minderzahl sind, oder die freiwilligen in der Mehrzahl und die Pflichtopfer in der Minderzahl, oder ob die Anzahl beider die gleiche ist.",
+ "Wann gilt dieses? Wenn Pflichtopfer und freiwillige Opfer sich untereinander gemischt haben. Waren es aber nur Pflichtopfer, und zwar eines von einer [Frau] und eines von einer anderen, oder zwei von einer und zwei von einer anderen, oder drei von einer und drei von einer anderen, so ist die eine Hälfte tauglich und die andere Hälfte untauglich, eines von einer und zwei von einer anderen, oder drei von einer anderen, oder zehn von einer anderen, oder hundert von einer anderen, so ist nur eine den Opfern der mit den wenigsten daran Beteiligten entsprechende Anzahl tauglich. Es ist kein Unterschied, ob es aus gleichem Anlass gebrachte Opfer sind oder aus verschiedenartigen Anlässen gebrachte, ob sie von einer Fran sind oder von zwei Frauen.",
+ "Was heisst aus gleichem Anlass ? Für eine Geburt und für noch eine Geburt, für einen Blutausfluss und für noch einen Blutausfluss, das ist aus gleichem Anlass. Was aus verschiedenartigen Anlässen? Für eine Geburt und für einen Blutausfluss. Wie ist gemeint von zwei Frauen? Von der einen für eine Geburt und von der anderen für eine Geburt, von der einen für einen Blutausfluss und von der anderen für einen Blutausfluss, das ist aus gleichem Anlass. Und aus verschiedenartigen Anlässen? Von der einen für eine Geburt und von der anderen für einen Blutausfluss. R. Jose sagt: Wenn zwei Frauen ihre Vogelpaare gemeinsam gekauft haben oder das Geld für ihre Vogelpaare dem Priester gegeben haben, so kann der Priester, welches Tier er will, als Sündopfer und, welches er will, als Ganzopfer darbringen, sei es dass sie aus gleichem Anlass, sei es dass sie aus verschiedenen Anlässen dargebracht werden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn von einem noch nicht gesonderten. Taubenpaare eine Taube ins Freie oder unter zum Umkommen bestimmte Taubenpaare geflogen ist, oder von einem solchen Paare eine umgekommen ist, so kann man die andere wieder zu einem Paare ergänzen. Ist sie unter zum Darbringen bestimmte Taubenpaare geflogen, so ist sie selbst untauglich und macht noch eine als zu ihr gehörend untauglich, denn durch das Fortfliegen wird die Taube selbst untauglich und macht sie eine zu ihr gehörende untauglich.",
+ "Wie ist das? Wenn zwei Frauen je zwei Taubenpaare haben und es fliegt eine von denen der einen zu denen der anderen, so macht sie durch ihr Fortfliegen eine untauglich. Fliegt eine wieder zurück, so macht diese durch ihr Zurückfliegen wieder eine untauglich. Fliegt nun weiter eine hin und eine zurück, und wieder eine hin und eine zurück, so hat das keine nachteilige Folge mehr, denn selbst wenn sie alle unter einander geraten, sind es niemals weniger als zwei [Paare, die dargebracht werden dürfen].",
+ "Hat eine Frau ein [Paar], eine andere zwei, eine andere drei, eine andere vier, eine andere fünf, eine andere sechs, eine andere sieben, und es fliegt eine von der ersten zur zweiten, dann wieder eine von dort zur dritten, eine von dort zur vierten, eine von dort zur fünften, eine von dort zur sechsten, eine von dort zur siebenten, und dann ebenso wieder zurück, so wird durch jedes Fortfliegen und jedes Zurückfliegen eine untauglich, die erste und die zweite können daher überhaupt nichts [von den ihrigen darbringen], die dritte ein [Paar], die vierte zwei, die fünfte drei, die sechste vier und die siebente sechs. Findet nochmals ein gleiches Fort- und Zurückfliegen statt, wird wieder durch jedes Fortfliegen und jedes Zurückfliegen eine untauglich, und können nun auch die dritte und die vierte nichts darbringen, die fünfte ein Paar, die sechste zwei und die siebente fünf. Wiederholt sich das Fort- und Zurückfliegen noch einmal, wird wieder durch jedes Fortfliegen und jedes Zurückfliegen eine untauglich, und können nun auch die fünfte und die sechste nichts darbringen, die siebente vier Paare; nach einer anderen Meinung entsteht dadurch der siebenten gar kein Nachteil. Ist von zum Umkommen bestimmten eine unter sie alle geflogen, so muss man sie alle umkommen lassen.",
+ "Ist ein Paar noch nicht gesondert und eines bereits gesondert, und es fliegt von dem noch nicht gesonderten eine unter das bereits gesonderte Paar, so kann man die andere zu einem Paar ergänzen. Ist auch eine wieder zurückgeflogen oder zuerst von dem bereits gesonderten eine [zu dem noch nicht gesonderten] geflogen, so muss man alle umkommen lassen.",
+ "Sind auf der einen Seite Sündopfer und auf der anderen Seite Ganzopfer und noch nicht gesonderte in der Mitte, und es fliegt von der Mitte nach den Seiten eine hierhin und eine dorthin, so entsteht dadurch gar kein Nachteil, sondern man bestimmt, dass die, die zu den Sündopfern geflogen ist, Sündopfer und die, die zu den Ganzopfern geflogen ist, Ganzopfer sein soll. Fliegt wieder [je eine] nach der Mitte zurück, muss man die in der Mitte umkommen lassen, die auf der einen Seite werden als Sündopfer dargebracht und die auf der anderen als Ganzopfer. Fliegt wieder [je eine] zurück, oder fliegen Tauben aus der Mitte nach den Seiten, so muss man alle umkommen lassen. Man darf nicht Turteltauben als Paar-Ergänzung zu jungen Tauben und nicht junge Tauben als Paar-Ergänzung zu Turteltauben bringen. Wie ist das gemeint? Hat eine Frau als ihr Sündopfer eine Turteltaube und als ihr Ganzopfer eine junge Taube gebracht, so muss sie nochmals als Ganzopfer eine Turteltaube bringen, hat sie als ihr Ganzopfer eine Turteltaube und als ihr Sündopfer eine junge Taube gebracht, so muss sie nochmals als Ganzopfer eine junge Taube bringen; Ben Asai sagt: Es richtet sich nach dem Opfer, das sie zuerst bestimmt hat. Hat eine Frau ihr Sündopfer gebracht und ist gestorben, so müssen die Erben ihr Ganzopfer bringen, hat sie ihr Ganzopfer gebracht und ist gestorben, so haben die Erben ihr Sündopfer nicht zu bringen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wann gilt dieses ? Wenn der Priester anfragt. Hat aber der Priester nicht gefragt, und es waren eines von einer und eines von einer anderen, oder zwei von einer und zwei von einer anderen, oder drei von einer und drei von einer anderen, so ist, wenn er sie alle oben dargebracht hat, die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn alle unten, die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn die Hälfte oben und die Hälfte unten, von den oben dargebrachten die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich und von den unten die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich.",
+ "Wenn eines von einer und zwei von einer anderen, oder drei von einer anderen, oder zehn von einer anderen, oder hundert von einer anderen waren, so ist, wenn er sie alle oben dargebracht hat, die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn alle unten, die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn die Hälfte oben und die Hälfte unten, der grössere Teil tauglich. Dies ist die Regel: Wenn die Taubenpaare sich verteilen lassen, ohne dass von den einer Frau gehörenden ein Teil nach oben und ein Teil nach unten kommt, ist immer die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn die Taubenpaare sich nicht verteilen lassen, ohne dass von den einer Frau gehörenden ein Teil nach oben und ein Teil nach unten kommt, ist immer der grössere Teil tauglich.",
+ "Wenn die eine Sündopfer und die andere Ganzopfer-Tiere hatte, und er sie alle oben dargebracht hat, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn alle unten, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn die Hälfte oben und die Hälfte unten, sind beide untauglich, da ich annehme, dass die Sündopfer oben und die Ganzopfer unten dargebracht worden sind.",
+ "Wenn es ein Sündopfer- und ein Ganzopfer-Tier war und ein noch nicht gesondertes Paar und ein gesondertes, und er sie alle oben dargebracht hat, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn alle unten, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn die Hälfte oben und die Hälfte unten, ist nur das ungesonderte Paar tauglich, doch wird es ihnen zu gleichen Teilen angerechnet.",
+ "Wenn Sündopfertiere unter Pflichtopfer geraten waren, sind davon nur soviele tauglich, wie Sündopfertiere in den Pflichtopfern enthalten waren, wenn Pflichtopfer in doppelter Zahl unter Sündopfertiere, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn Sündopfertiere in doppelter Zahl unter Pflichtopfer, ist die in den Pflichtopfern enthaltene Anzahl [Tauben] tauglich. Ebenso, wenn Ganzopfertiere unter Pflichtopfer geraten waren, sind nur so viele tauglich, wie Ganzopfertiere in den Pflichtopfern enthalten waren, wenn Pflichtopfer in doppelter Zahl unter Ganzopfertiere, ist die Hälfte tauglich und die Hälfte untauglich, wenn Ganzopfertiere in doppelter Zahl unter Pflichtopfer, ist die in den Pflichtopfern enthaltene Anzahl [Tauben] tauglich,",
+ "Hat eine Frau gesagt: „Ich gelobe, ein Taubenpaar darzubringen, wenn ich einen Knaben gebären werde“, und sie hat nun einen Knaben geboren, so muss sie zwei Taubenpaare darbringen, das eine zur Erfüllung ihres Gelübdes und das andere als ihr Pflichtopfer. Hat sie sie dem Priester übergeben, und der Priester hätte nun drei von den Tauben oben und eine unten darbringen müssen; er hat es aber nicht so gemacht, sondern hat zwei oben und zwei unten dargebracht, ohne vorher zu fragen , so muss sie noch eine Taube bringen, die er oben darzubringen hat , wenn sie von einer Art waren , waren sie von zwei Arten , so muss sie noch zwei Tauben bringen . Hatte sie das für ihr Gelübde dargebrachte Opfer als solches ausdrücklich bezeichnet , so muss sie noch drei Tauben bringen, wenn sie von einer Art waren , waren sie von zwei Arten, so muss sie noch vier bringen . Hatte sie bei ihrem Gelübde eine bestimmte Angabe gemacht , so muss sie noch fünf Tauben bringen, wenn sie von einer Art waren , waren sie von zwei Arten, so muss sie noch sechs bringen . Hat sie sie dem Priester übergeben und es lässt sich jetzt nicht mehr feststellen, was sie ihm übergeben hat , und der Priester ist hingegangen und hat sie dargebracht und weiss jetzt nicht mehr, wie er sie dargebracht hat , so muss sie noch vier Tauben zur Erfüllung ihres Gelübdes und zwei als ihr Pflichtopfer und eine als Sündopfer bringen ; Ben Asai sagt: zwei als Sündopfer. Darauf sagte R. Josua: Hierauf lässt sich der Ausspruch an wenden: So lange es lebt, hat es nur eine Stimme, und wenn es tot ist, hat sich seine Stimme versiebenfacht. Wieso hat sich seine Stimme versiebenfacht? Aus seinen beiden Hörnern werden zwei Trompeten, aus seinen beiden Schenkelknochen zwei Flöten, sein Fell wird zur Pauke verwendet, seine Eingeweide zu Leiern, seine Därme zu Harfen und, wie einige noch hinzufügen, auch seine Wolle zu den himmelblauen Quasten. R. Simon, Sohn des Akaschja, sagt: Unwissende Greise werden, je älter sie werden, desto verworrener in ihrem Denken, wie es heisst: Er nimmt Bewährten die Sprache und Greisen nimmt er den Verstand. Aber bei der Tora kundigen Greisen ist es nicht so, sondern je älter sie werden, desto gesetzter werden sie in ihrem Denken, wie es heisst: Bei Greisen ist Weisheit und langes Leben gewährt Einsicht."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1070a2c8b1a83e1b6c76bdbeb81d897d422123a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "A bird hatat is performed below [the red line], but a beast hatat is performed above [the red line]. A bird olah is performed above, but a beast olah below. If he changed this procedure with either, then the offering is disqualified. The seder [ordered ritual] in the case of kinnim is as follows: In the case of obligatory offerings, one [bird] is a hatat and one an olah. In the case of vows and freewill offerings, however, all are olot. What constitutes a vow? When one says: \"It is incumbent upon me to bring an olah.\" And what constitutes a freewill-offering? When one says: \"Behold, this shall be an olah.\" What is the [practical] difference between vows and freewill offerings? In the case of vows, if they die or are stolen, one is responsible for their replacement; But in the case of freewill offerings, if they die or are stolen, one is not responsible for their replacement.",
+ "If a hatat becomes mixed up with an olah, or an olah with a hatat, were it even one in ten thousand, they all must be left to die. If a hatat becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of hatats among the obligatory offerings. Similarly, if an olah becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of olot among the obligatory offerings [This rule holds true] whether the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are in the majority and the freewill-offerings in the minority, or the freewill-offerings are in the majority and those that are obligatory in the minority, or whether they are both equal in number.",
+ "When is this so? When obligatory offerings [get mixed up] with voluntary offerings. When, however, obligatory offerings get mixed up one with another, with one [pair] belonging to one [woman] and the other pair to another [woman], or two [pairs] belonging to one and two [pairs] to another, or three [pairs] to one and three [pairs] to another, then half of these are valid and the other half disqualified. If one [pair] belongs to one [woman] and two pairs to another, or three pairs to another, or ten pairs to another or one hundred to another, only the lesser number remains valid. Whether they are of the same denomination or of two denominations, or whether they belong to one woman or to two.",
+ "What is meant by one \"name\"? For a birth and a birth, or for zivah and zivah, that is one name. And \"two names\"? For a birth, [and the other] for a zivah. What is meant by \"two women\"? [When] one [woman] brings [her offering] for a birth and the other for a birth, or [when one brings] for a zivah and the other for a zivah this is \"of one name\". And a case \"of two names\"? When one brings for a birth and the other for a zivah. Rabbi Yose says: when two women purchased their kinnim in partnership, or gave the price of their kinnim to the priest [for him to purchase them], then the priest can offer whichever one he wants as a hatat or as an olah, whether they are of one name or of two names."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If from an unassigned pair of birds a single pigeon flew into the open air, or flew among birds that had been left to die, or if one [of the pair] died, then he must take a mate for the second one. If it flew among birds that are to be offered up, it becomes invalid and it invalidates another bird as its counterpart [in the pair]; for the pigeon that flew away is invalid and invalidates another bird as its counterpart [in the pair].",
+ "How is this so? Two women, this one has two pairs and this one has two pairs, and one bird flies from the [pair of] one to the other [woman's pair], then it disqualifies by its escape one [of the birds from which it flew]. If it returned, it disqualifies yet another by its return. If it flew away again and then returned, and again flew away and returned, no further loss is incurred, since even if they had all become mixed together, not less than two [pairs would still be valid].",
+ "If one [woman] had one pair, another two, another three, another four, another five, another six and another seven pairs, and one bird flew from the first to the second pair, [and then a bird flew from there] to the third, [and then a bird flew from there] to the fourth, [and from there a bird flew] to the fifth [and from there a bird flew] to the sixth, [and from there a bird flew] to the seventh, and then a bird returns [in the same order as they flew away] it disqualifies at each flight and at each return. The first and second [women] have none left, the third has one pair, the fourth two, the fifth three, the sixth four, and the seventh six pairs. If again [one from each group] flew away and returned [in the same order as above], it disqualifies at each flight and return. The third and fourth woman have none left, the fifth has one pair, the sixth two pairs, and the seventh woman five pairs. If again one [from each group] flew away and returned [in the same order as above], it disqualifies at each flight and return. The fifth and sixth women have none left, and the seventh has four pairs. But some say that the seventh woman has lost nothing. If [a bird] from those that are left to die escaped to any of all the groups, then all must be left to die.",
+ "An unassigned pair and an assigned pair: if one bird from the unassigned [pair] flew to the assigned [pair], then a pair must be taken for the second [bird]. If one bird flew back, or if in the first place a bird from the assigned pair flew [to the other pair], then all must be left to die.",
+ "Hatat [birds] are on one side, and olot [birds] are on the other and an unassigned [pair] is in the middle: If from the middle pair one bird flew to this side, and one bird flew to this side, then he has not lost anything, because he [the priest] says that the bird that flew [from the middle] towards the hataot is a hatat and the bird that flew towards the olot is a olah. If one [from each side] returns to the middle, then [all] those in the middle must be left to die, but those [left on either side] can be offered up as hataot or as olot respectively. If again a bird [from the middle] returned and flew away to the sides, then all must be left to die. One cannot pair turtle-doves with pigeons or pigeons with turtle-doves. How is this so? If a woman has brought a turtle-dove as her hatat and a pigeon as her olah, she must then bring another turtle-dove as her olah; If her olah had been a turtle-dove and her hatat a pigeon, then she must bring another pigeon as her olah. Ben Azzai says: we go after the first [offering]. If a woman brought her hatat and then died, her heirs must bring her olah; [But if she first brought] her olah and then died, her heirs need not bring her hatat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "When are these words said? When the priest asks advice. But in the case of a priest who does not seek advice, and one [pair] belongs to one [woman] and one to another, or two [pairs] to one and two to another, or three [pairs] to one and three to another, and he offered all of them above [the red line], then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly], if [he offered] all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. If [he offered] half of them above and half of them below, then of those [offered] above, half are valid and half are invalid, and also of those [offered] below, half are valid and half are invalid.",
+ "If one [pair] belonged to one woman and two [pairs] to another, or [even] three [pairs] to another, or [ten] pairs to another or a hundred to another, and he offered all of them above, then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly], if he offered all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. [If he offered] half of them above and half below, then the [number of birds as there is in the] larger part are valid. This is the general principle: whenever you can divide the pairs [of birds] so that those belonging to one woman need not have part of them [offered] above and part [offered] below, then half of them are valid and half are invalid; But whenever you cannot divide the pairs [of birds] without some of those belonging to one woman being [offered] above and some below, then [the number as there is in] the larger part are valid.",
+ "If the hatats belonged to one and the olot to another, and the priest offered them all above, then half are valid and half disqualified. If he offered them all below, half are valid and half disqualified. If he offered half of them above and half below, then all of them are disqualified, because I can argue that the hatats were offered above and the olot below.",
+ "If a hatat, an olah, an unassigned pair of birds and an assigned pair [became mixed up], and he offered them all above, then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly] if he offered all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. If he offered half of them above and half below, none is valid except the unassigned pair, and that must be divided between them.",
+ "If hataot birds were mixed up with [unassigned birds that were] obligatory offerings, only the number of hataot among the obligatory offerings are valid. If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the hataot, then half are valid and half invalid; But if the hataot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of hataot] among the obligatory offerings are valid. So, too, if [birds assigned as] olot were mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory offerings, only the number of olot among the obligatory offerings are valid. If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the olot, then half are valid and half invalid. But if the olot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of olot] among the obligatory offerings are valid.",
+ "If a woman says: \"I vow a pair of birds if I give birth to a male child,\" and she does give birth to a male child, then she must offer up two pairs one for her vow and one for her obligation. If [before she assigned them] she gave them to the priest, and the priest who ought to offer three birds above and one below does not do so, but offers two above and two below, and does not seek guidance, she must she bring another bird and offer that above. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring two others. If she had expressly defined her vow, then must she bring three other birds. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring four others. If she made a definite fixture at the time of her vow, then must she bring another five birds. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring six others. If she gave them to the priest and it is not known what she gave, and the priest performed the sacrifice, but it is not known how he performed it, then she must bring four other birds for her vow, and two for her obligation and one for her hatat. Ben Azzai says: [she must bring] two hatats. Rabbi Joshua said: This is what it meant when they said: \"When [the beast] is alive it possesses one sound, but when it is dead its sound is sevenfold.\" In what way is its sound sevenfold? Its two horns [are made into] two trumpets, its two leg-bones into two flutes, its hide into a drum, its entrails for lyres and its large intestines for harp strings; and there are some who add that its wool is used for the blue [pomegranates.] Rabbi Shimon ben Akashiah says: ignorant old people, the older they become, the more their intellect gets befuddled, as it is said: \"He removes the speech of men of trust and takes away the sense of the elders.\" But when it comes to aged scholars, it is not so. On the contrary, the older they get, the more their mind becomes composed, as it is said: \"With aged men comes wisdom, and understanding in length of days.\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Open Mishnah.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Open Mishnah.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b984b3719dc0511a5dfe7b8a8ef838f56f24561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Open Mishnah.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah",
+ "versionTitle": "Open Mishnah",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY-SA",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה פתוחה",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "[The blood of] a bird sin-offering is placed below [the Altar's mid-line], and [the blood of] an animal sin-offering [is placed] above [the Altar's mid-line]. [The blood of] a bird burnt-offering is placed above, and [the blood of] an animal burnt-offering [is placed] below. If he [the Kohen] altered [the service] of either one, he has invalidated it. The arrangement of the pairs of birds is as follows: [With regard to] obligatory [offering], one [bird] is a sin-offering, and one is a burnt-offering. [With regard to] vowed offerings and donated offerings, all of them [the birds] are all burnt-offerings. What is a vowed offering? One who says, \"I hereby obligate myself to bring a burnt-offering.\" What is a donated offering? One who says, \"This [bird] is hereby [sanctified as] a burnt-offering.\" What is the [practical] difference between vowed offerings and donated offerings? [In the case of] vowed offering, if they [the birds] died or were stolen, [the owner] is accountable for their replacement. [In the case of] a donated offering, if they [the birds] died or were stolen, [the owner] is not accountable for their replacement.",
+ " A sin-offering [bird] that became mixed with burnt-offering [birds], or a burnt-offering [bird] that became mixed with sin-offering [birds], even if one [bird got mixed with] ten thousand [birds of another type of offering] they must all be left to die. A sin-offering that became mixed with a [pair of] obligatory [birds], only the number of sin-offerings [contained] in the obligatory [pair] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. Similarly, an burnt-offering that became mixed with with obligatory a [pair of] obligatory [birds], only the number of burnt-offerings [contained] in the obligatory [pair] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. [This is true] whether the obligatory [birds] are many and the donated are fewer, [or] whether the donated are many and the obligatory [birds] are fewer, [or] whether they are both equal.",
+ "In what [case] were these words [rules in the previous mishnah] stated? When obligatory [bird offerings] and donated [bird offerings became mixed]. But if obligatory [bird offerings] became mixed with each other, one [pair] from this one [woman] and one [pair] from this one [woman], two [pairs from this one [woman] and two [pairs] from this one [woman], three [pairs from this one [woman] and three [pairs] from this one [woman]; half are permitted [to be sacrificed] and half are invalid. [However if] this one [woman] had one [pair], and this one [woman] had two [pairs], [or] three for this one, [or] ten for this one [or] one hundred for this one, [only] the smaller number [of birds] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. Whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations, [and] whether [they are all] from one woman or whether [they are] from two women.",
+ "How is it [that two groups are brought] for one from one designation? [One pair brought for] a birth and [another pair brought for] a birth, [or for] a zivah [an atypical genital discharge, which renders a person impure] and another zivah [this is considered] from one designation. From two designations? [A pair brought for] a birth and [another brought for] a zivah. How is it [that two groups are brought] from two women? [A pair brought for] a birth for this one [woman] who gave birth, and [one brought for] this one ]woman] who gave birth, [or for] a zivah for this one [woman] and a zivah for the this one[woman] – [this is considered] from one designation. From two designations? [A pair brought for] a birth for one [woman] and [one brought for] a zivah for the other [woman]. Rabbi Yosi says: Two women who purchased their birds as a mixed group [without specifying which pair belongs to which woman], or they gave the money [to the Kohen without specifying which money is for which woman] he [the Kohen] may offer whichever pair he wants as a sin-offering and whichever pair he wants as an burnt offering. Regardless whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fc2384dae338f34c654387741bdf74ccd08c813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [],
+ [
+ "An unspecified pair of birds, from which one flew off, or that flew among birds designated to die, or if one of the pair died, a second bird should be bought for the remaining bird. If it flew off among birds that were set to be brought as sacrifices, it becomes invalid and invalidates its matching bird [the other bird of its pair], since a bird that flies away from its pair is invalid and makes its matching bird invalid. ",
+ "How is it? If there are two women, this one has two pairs and this one has two birds and one bird flew from this woman's [pair] to the other woman's [pair] , it invalidates one bird by its leaving. If it then returned [to its original pair] it invalidates one by returning. If it flew back and forth multiple times it does not cause further invalidation since even if they are mixed up, there are at least two [valid] birds remaining. ",
+ "If this one [woman] has one [pair of birds], and this one [woman] has two [pairs of birds], this one has three [pairs], this one has four [pairs], this one five [pairs], this one six [pairs] and this one seven [pairs], and one bird flew from the first [group] to the second ]group] and one [flew from the second group] into the third [group], and one [flew from the third group]into the fourth [group], and one [flew from the fourth group] into the fifth [group], and one [flew from the fifth group] into the sixth [group], and one [flew from the sixth group] into the seventh [group], and then one returned [to its previous group], it invalidates one pair [for each woman] when it leaves and one pair [for each woman] upon its return. [Therefore], the first and second [groups of women] have no valid birds left, the third [group] has one [valid pair], the fourth [group] has two [valid pairs], the fifth [group] has three[valid pairs], the sixth [group] has four [valid pairs], and the seventh [group] has six [valid pairs]. If it [a bird] flew back and fourth ]through the remaining sets of birds], it invalidates one set when it leaves and one set upon its return. [Therefore] the third and fourth [group] have nothing [no valid pairs], the fifth [group] has one [valid pair], the sixth [group] has two [valid pairs] and the seventh [group] has five. If a bird flew back and forth, it invalidates one pair when it leaves and one upon its return. The fifth and sixth [group] have no valid birds and the seventh [group] has four. Others say the seventh woman did not lose anything and if a bird that is left to die flew into their group they all must be left to die. ",
+ "An unspecified pair of birds [one of which is a burnt-offering and the other is a sin offering] and a pair of specified birds, if a bird from the unspecified birds flew into the pair of specified birds he [the owner] must bring a second bird for the second one [remaining unspecified bird]. Or if a bird flew from the original specified birds [to the unspecified birds], they must all be left to die.",
+ "If there were sin-offering [birds] on one side and burnt-offering [birds] on another side and [an] unspecified [pair] in the middle, and then from the middle [pair] one bird flew to one side and one bird to the other, he [the ownwe] has not lost anything, rather he should say, the one [bird] that flew to the sin-offering should be a sin offering and the one [bird] that flew to the burnt offering should be a burnt-offering. If they then returned to the middle, the birds in the middle must be left to die, and these [the sin-offering birds] are to be brought as sin-offerings and these [the burnt offering birds] are to be brought as burn-offerings. If once again it [a bird] flew from the middle [back] to the sides, they must all be left to die. One may not bring turtledoves paired with pigeons or pigeons paired with turtledoves. How so? A woman who brought as her sin-offering a turtledove and as her burnt-offering a pigeon, she must do it over and bring as her burnt-offering a turtledove. If she brought as her burnt-offering a turtledove and as her sin offering a pigeon she must do it over and bring for her burnt-offering a pigeon. Ben Azzai said we follow whichever bird is offered first. A woman who brought her sin-offering and died, her heirs must bring her burnt-offering. [If she brought] her burnt-offering and died, her heirs do not have to bring her sin offering. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "In what case are the previously stated [rulings] said? If the Kohen consulted [the authorities about what to do when birds got mixed up]. But if the Kohen did not consult [the authorities], if there was one [pair] for this one [woman] and one [pair] for this one [woman] or two [pairs] for this one [woman] and two [pairs] for this one [woman] or three [pairs] for this one [woman] and three [pairs] for this one [woman], if he did all [the birds] above [the Altar's mid-line] half will be valid [offerings] and the other half will be invalid. If he did all [the birds] below [the Altar's mid line], half will be valid and the other half will be invalid. [If he did] half above and half below, those done above half will be valid and the other half will be invalid, among those done below half will be valid and the other half will be invalid. ",
+ "One [pair] from this one [woman] and two [pairs] from this one [another woman] and three [pair] from this one [another woman] and ten [pairs] from this one [another woman] and one hundred [pairs] from this one [another woman] if he [the Kohen] did all of them above [the Altar's mid-line], half are valid and half are invalid. If he did all of them below [the Altar's mid-line], half will be valid and the other half will be invalid. If he did half above and half below, the number of birds in the largest group are valid. This is the rule: Any place [situation] where you can divide the pairs so that one woman's birds will not be both above [the mid-line] and below [the mid-line] half will be valid and half will be invalid. Any place [situation] where you cannot divide the pairs other than one woman's [birds] can be entirely above and below [the mid-line] the number of birds in the largest group are valid.",
+ "The sin offering from this one [woman] and a burnt-offering from this one [woman], and he [the Kohen in error] did all of them above [the mid-line] half are valid and half are invalid. If he [the Kohen in error] did all of them below [the mid-line], half are valid and half are invalid. If he [the Kohen in error] did half above [the mid-line] and half below [the mid-line], both are invalid, because we can say that the sin-offering was brought above [the mid-line] and the burnt-offering was brought below [the mid-line]. ",
+ "[If two women brought three pairs. [The first pair they specified one bird] as a sin-offering [and specified for which woman], [and the other] as a burnt-offering [and specified for which woman], [the second pair they left] unspecified, [and the third pair they] specified [the type of offering but did not specify for which woman], if he [the Kohen did all of them above [the mid-line of the Altar] half are valid and half are invalid. If he [the Kohen] did all of them below [the mid-line of the Altar], half are valid and half are invalid. If he did half above and half below only the unspecified birds are valid and they are split between them [the women]. ",
+ "Sin-offering birds that got mixed with an [equal number of] obligatory pairs [of sin-offerings and burnt offering] they are not valid, except for the number of sin-offering birds within the obligatory pairs. If the number of obligatory pairs are twice as many as the sin-offering birds, half are valid and half are invalid. If the sin-offering birds are twice as many as the obligatory [pairs] only the number of birds in the obligatory pairs are valid. Similarly, a burnt-offering that got mixed with an obligatory pair only the number of burnt-offering birds in the obligatory pairs are valid. If the number of obligatory [pairs] are twice as many as the burnt-offering [birds], half are valid and half are invalid. If the burnt-offering [birds] are twice as many as the obligatory [birds] only the number [of birds] in the obligatory pairs are valid.",
+ "A woman who said, I will bring a pair of birds when I give birth to a boy, if she gave birth to a boy she brings two pairs, one for her vow and one for her obligation. When she gives them to Kohen, he [the Kohen] must do three of the birds above [the mid-line of the Alter] and three below. [If] he did not do so , but instead did two above and two below and did not ask [her the purpose of the offerings], she [the woman] must bring one more bird and he [the Kohen] offers it above [the mid-line]. [This is true] if both birds were from the same species. [If they were] of different species, she must bring two [additional] birds. If she specified [which species would be used for] her vow, she must bring three more birds of the same species, [this is the rule if they were all from] the same species. [If they were] from two species she must bring four [additional] birds. If she attached her vow to her obligatory offering, she must now bring five additional birds, if they were of one species, and six if they were from two species. If she gave them to the Kohen, but did not know what species she gave to him and the Kohen brought the birds, but does not know how he brought them, she must bring four more birds for her vow and two for her obligation and one as a sin-offering. Ben Azzai says, she must bring two sin-offerings. Rabbi Yehoshua says:, This is [similar] to what is said, when it[a ram] is alive it has one voice, but once it's dead it has seven. How does it have seven? Its two horns can become two trumpets, its two thighs would become two flutes, its hide can become a drum, its stomach can become parts of lyres, its innards for harp strings, and some say its wool can be used for Tekhelet [blue-dyed wool used for tzitit and priesty garments]. Rabbi Shimon son of Akashia said: Unlearned elderly men as they get older their mind gets more confused as it says (Job 12:20), \"He removes the speech of the capable and takes away the reasoning of the elders.\" But the elders of Torah are not that way, rather as they get older their mind becomes more settled as it says (Job 12:12) \"In the aged is wisdom and in lengthy days understanding.\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ffae80d9544519bb4ec0027c05023337ac0d0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "DAS VOGEL-SÜNDOPFER IST UNTERHALB UND DAS VIEH-SÜNDOPFER <folio>Fol.22</folio> IST OBERHALB HERZURICHTEN; DAS VOGEL-BRANDOPFER IST OBERHALB UND DAS VIEH-BRANDOPFER IST UNTERHALB HERZURICHTEN. HAT MAN BEI DEM EINEN ODER DEM ANDEREN ANDERS VERFAHREN, SO IST ES UNTAUGLICH. FOLGENDES IST DIE ORDNUNG BEIM VOGELPAARE: DAS PFLICHTOPFER EINES ALS SÜNDOPFER UND EINES ALS BRANDOPFER, DAS GELOBTE UND DIE FREIWILLIGE GABE NUR ALS BRANDOPFER. GELOBTES IST ES, WENN JEMAND SAGT: ICH NEHME AUF MICH, EIN BRANDOPFER [DARZUBRINGEN]; EINE FREIWILLIGE GABE IST ES, WENN JEMAND SAGT: DIES SEI EIN BRANDOPFER. WELCHEN UNTERSCHIED GIBT ES ZWISCHEN DEM GELOBTEN UND DER FREIWILLIGEN GABE? FÜR DAS GELOBTE IST MAN, WENN ES VERENDET ODER GESTOHLEN WIRD, ERSATZPFLICHTIG, FÜR DIE FREIWILLIGE GABE IST MAN, WENN ES VERENDET ODER GESTOHLEN WIRD, NICHT ERSATZPFLICHTIG.",
+ "IST EIN SÜNDOPFER UNTER BRANDOPFER GERATEN, ODER IST EIN <folio>Col.b</folio> BRANDOPFER UNTER SÜNDOPFER GERATEN, SELBST EINES UNTER EINE MYRIADE, SO SIND ALLE VERENDEN ZU LASSEN. IST EIN SÜNDOPFER UNTER PFLICHTOPFER GERATEN, SO SIND NUR SO VIELE TAUGLICH, WIE SÜNDOPFER IN DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTHALTEN SIND. DESGLEICHEN SIND, WENN EIN BRANDOPFER UNTER PFLICHTOPFER GERATEN IST, NUR SO VIELE TAUGLICH, WIE BRANDOPFER IN DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTHALTEN SIND, EINERLEI OB DIE PFLICHTOPFER MEHR UND DIE FREIWILLIGEN WENIGER, OB DIE FREIWILLIGEN MEHR UND DIE PFLICHTOPFER WENIGER, ODER BEIDE IN GLEICHER ANZAHL SIND.",
+ "DIES GILT NUR VON PFLICHTOPFERN UND FREIWILLIGEN, WENN ABER NUR PFLICHTOPFER MITEINANDER VERMISCHT WORDEN SIND, EINES VON DIESER UND EINES VON JENER, ZWEI VON DIESER UND ZWEI VON JENER, DREI VON DIESER UND DREI VON JENER, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH; WENN EINES VON DIESER UND ZWEI VON JENER, DREI VON DIESER UND ZEHN VON JENER UND HUNDERT VON EINER ANDEREN, SO SIND NUR DIE WENIGSTENTAUGLICH. EINERLEI OB SIE EINES NAMENS SIND ODER ZWEIER NAMEN, OB SIE VON EINER FRAU SINDODER VON ZWEI FRAUEN.",
+ "WAS HEISST EINES NAMENS? WEGEN EINER GEBURT UND EINER GEBURT, WEGEN EINES BLUTFLUSSES UND EINES BLUTFLUSSES, SO IST DIES EINES NAMENS. WAS HEISST ZWEIER NAMEN? WEGEN EINER GEBURT UND WEGEN EINES BLUTFLUSSES. WAS HEISST VON ZWEI FRAUEN? EINE WEGEN EINER GEBURT UND EINE WEGEN EINER GEBURT, EINE WEGEN EINES BLUTFLUSSES UND EINE WEGEN EINES BLUTFLUSSES, SO IST DIES EINES NAMENS. WAS HEISST ZWEIER NAMEN? EINE WEGEN EINER GEBURT UND EINE WEGEN EINES BLUTFLUSSES. R. JOSE SAGTE: WENN ZWEI FRAUEN IHRE VOGELPAARE VERMISCHTGEKAUFT ODER DAS GELD FÜR IHRE VOGELPAARE DEM PRIESTER GEGEBEN HABEN, SO KANN DER PRIESTER NACH BELIEBEN EINES ALS SÜNDOPFER UND EINES ALS BRANDOPFER DARBRINGEN, EINERLEI OB EINES NAMENS ODER ZWEIER NAMEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "IST VON EINEM UNBEZEICHNETEN TAUBENPAARE EINE TAUBE IN DIE LÜFTE ENTFLOGEN ODER UNTER VERENDENZULASSENDE, ODER IST EINE VON IHNEN VERENDET, SO HOLE MAN EINEN PARTNER FÜR DIE ANDERE. IST SIE UNTER DARZUBRINGENDE ENTFLOGEN, SO IST SIE UNTAUGLICH UND MACHT NOCH EINE ANDERE UNTAUGLICH. DIE ENTFLOGENE TAUBE IST NÄMLICH UNTAUGLICH UND MACHT NOCH EINE ANDERE UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "ZUM BEISPIEL. WENN VON ZWEI FRAUEN DIE EINE ZWEI TAUBENPAARE HAT UND DIE ANDERE ZWEI TAUBENPAARE HAT, UND EINE VON DENEN DER EINEN ZU DENEN DER ANDEREN FLIEGT, SO MACHT SIE EINE BEIM FORTFLIEGEN UNTAUGLICH; KOMMT EINE ZURÜCK, SO MACHT SIE WIEDER EINE BEIM ZURÜCKFLIEGEN UNTAUGLICH; FLIEGT WEITER EINE HIN UND [EINE] ZURÜCK, SO ENTSTEHT DADURCH KEIN NACHTEIL MEHR, DENN AUCH WENN SIE ALLE UNTER EINANDER GERATEN SIND, SIND ES NICHT WENIGER ALS ZWEI.",
+ "WENN EINE EIN PAAR HAT, EINE ANDERE ZWEI, EINE ANDERE DREI, EINE ANDERE VIER, EINE ANDERE FÜNF, EINE ANDERE SECHS UND EINE ANDERE SIEBEN, UND EINE VON DER ERSTEN ZUR ZWEITEN, DANN [VON DIESER] ZUR DRITTEN, DANN [VON DIESER] ZUR VIERTEN, DANN [VON DIESER] ZUR FÜNFTEN, DANN [VON DIESER] ZUR SECHSTEN UND DANN [VON DIESER] ZUR SIEBENTEN FLIEGT, UND [EBENSO] ZURÜCK, SO WIRD [JEDES MAL] EINE BEIM FORTFLIEGEN UND EINE BEIM ZURÜCKFLIEGEN UNTAUGLICH; DIE ERSTE UND DIE ZWEITE HABEN NICHTS, DIE DRITTE HAT EIN [PAAR], DIE VIERTE ZWEI, DIE FÜNFTE DREI, DIE SECHSTE VIER UND DIE SIEBENTE SECHS. WENN [ABERMALS] EINE FORTFLIEGT UND ZURÜCKFLIEGT, SO WIRD [WIEDERUM JEDES MAL] EINE BEIM FORTFLIEGEN UND EINE BEIM ZURÜCKFLIEGEN UNTAUGLICH; AUCH DIE DRITTE UND DIE VIERTE HABEN NICHTS, DIE FÜNFTE HAT EIN [PAAR], DIE SECHSTE ZWEI UND DIE SIEBENTE FÜNF. WENN [ABERMALS] EINE FORTFLIEGT UND ZURÜCKFLIEGT, SO WIRD [WIEDERUM JEDES MAL] EINE BEIM FORTFLIEGEN UND EINE BEIM ZURÜCKFLIEGEN UNTAUGLICH; AUCH DIE FÜNFTE UND DIE SECHSTE HABEN NICHTS UND DIE SIEBENTE HAT VIER [PAARE]; UND <folio>Col.b</folio> MANCHE SAGEN, DIE SIEBENTE HABE [DADURCH] KEINEN NACHTEIL. IST ZU DIESEN ALLEN EINE VON DEN VERENDENZULASSENDEN ZUGEFLOGEN, SO SIND SIE ALLE VERENDEN ZU LASSEN.",
+ "IST VON EINEM UNBEZEICHNETEN TAUBENPAARE UND EINEM BEZEICHNETEN EINE VOM UNBEZEICHNETEN ZUM BEZEICHNETEN GEFLOGEN, SO HOLE MAN EINEN PARTNER FÜR DIE ANDERE. IST [EINE] ZURÜCKGEFLOGEN, ODER IST VON VORNHEREIN EINE VON DEN BEZEICHNETEN [ZU DEN ANDEREN] GEFLOGEN, SO SIND ALLE VERENDEN ZU LASSEN.",
+ "WENN DAS SÜNDOPFER AUF DER EINEN SEITE, DAS BRANDOPFER AUF DER ANDEREN SEITE UND EIN UNBEZEICHNETES [PAAR] IN DER MITTE SICH BEFINDET, UND [SIE] AUS DER MITTE NACH DEN SEITEN FLIEGEN, EINE DA UND EINE DORT, SO IST KEIN NACHTEIL ENTSTANDEN, VIELMEHR SAGE MAN: DIE ZUM SÜNDOPFER GEFLOGEN IST, SEI SÜNDOPFER, UND DIE ZUM BRANDOPFER GEFLOGEN IST, SEI BRANDOPFER. FLIEGEN [SIE] NACH DER MITTE ZURÜCK, SO SIND DIE IN DER MITTEBEFINDLICHEN VERENDEN ZU LASSEN UND DIE ANDEREN SIND [EINE] ALS SÜNDOPFER UND [EINE] ALS BRANDOPFER DARZUBRINGEN. FLIEGT [EINE] ZURÜCK, ODER [EINE] AUS DER MITTE NACH DEN SEITEN, SO SIND ALLE VERENDEN ZU LASSEN. MAN DARF NICHT TURTELTAUBEN ZU JUNGEN TAUBENODER JUNGE TAUBEN ZU TURTELTAUBEN BRINGEN. ZUM BEISPIEL. WENN EINE FRAU ALS SÜNDOPFER EINE TURTELTAUBE UND ALS BRANDOPFER EINE JUNGE TAUBE GEBRACHT HAT, SO MUSS SIE ABERMALS EINE TURTELTAUBE ALS BRANDOPFER BRINGEN; WENN ALS BRANDOPFER EINE TURTELTAUBE UND ALS SÜNDOPFER EINE JUNGE TAUBE, SO MUSS SIE ABERMALS EINE JUNGE TAUBE ALS BRANDOPFER BRINGEN. BEN A͑ZAJ SAGT, MAN RICHTE SICH NACH DEM ERSTEN. WENN EINE FRAU IHR SÜNDOPFER GEBRACHT HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO MÜSSEN IHRE ERBEN IHR BRANDOPFER BRINGEN; WENN IHR BRANDOPFER, UND GESTORBEN IST, SO BRAUCHEN IHRE ERBEN IHR SÜNDOPFER NICHT ZU BRINGEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIES GILT NUR VON DEM FALLE, WENN DER PRIESTER DARUM FRAGT, WENN ABER DER PRIESTER NICHT DARUM FRAGT, UND ES EIN [PAAR] VON DIESER UND EINES VON JENER IST, ODER ZWEI VON DIESER UND ZWEI VON JENER, ODER DREI VON DIESER UND DREI VON JENER, SO IST, WENN ER ALLE OBEN HERGERICHTET HAT, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, WENN ALLE UNTEN, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DIE HÄLFTE OBEN UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTEN, VON DEN OBEREN DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH UND VON DEN UNTEREN DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "WENN EINES VON DIESER UND ZWEI VON JENER, ODER DREI VON JENER, ODER ZEHN VON JENER, ODER HUNDERT VON JENER, SO IST, WENN ER ALLE OBEN HERGERICHTET HAT, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, WENN ALLE UNTEN, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DIE HÄLFTE OBEN UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTEN, DIE MEHRHEIT TAUGLICH. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WENN DU DIE TAUBENPAARE SO TEILEN KANNST, DASS NICHT AUF EINE FRAU OBEN UND UNTEN ENTFALLEN, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DU DIE TAUBENPAARE NICHT ANDERS TEILEN KANNST, ALS DASS AUF EINE FRAU OBEN UND UNTEN ENTFALLEN, SO IST DIE MEHRHEIT TAUGLICH.",
+ "GEHÖREN DIE SÜNDOPFER DER EINEN UND DIE BRANDOPFER DER ANDEREN, SO IST, WENN ER SIE ALLE OBEN HERGERICHTET HAT, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, WENN ALLE UNTEN, DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DIE HÄLFTE OBEN UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTEN, BEIDE UNTAUGLICH, DENN ICH NEHME AN, ER HABE DAS SÜNDOPFER OBEN UND DAS BRANDOPFER UNTEN HERGERICHTET.",
+ "WENN ES EIN SÜNDOPFER, EIN BRANDOPFER, EIN UNBEZEICHNETES [PAAR] UND EIN BEZEICHNETES [PAAR]SIND, UND ER ALLE OBEN HERGERICHTET HAT, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, WENN ALLE UNTEN, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DIE HÄLFTE OBEN UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTEN, SO IST NUR DAS UNBEZEICHNETE TAUGLICH, UND ES IST UNTER SIE ZU TEILEN.",
+ "SIND SÜNDOPFER UNTER PFLICHTOPFERGERATEN, SO SIND NUR SO VIELE TAUGLICH, WIE SÜNDOPFER IN DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTHALTENSIND. SLND <folio>Col.b</folio> DIE PFLICHTOPFERDOPPELT SO VIEL WIE DIE SÜNDOPFER, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTEUNTAUGLICH; SIND DIE SÜNDOPFER DOPPELT SO VIEL WIE DIE PFLICHTOPFER, SO IST DIE DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTSPRECHENDE ANZAHL TAUGLICH. EBENSO SIND, WENN BRANDOPFER UNTER PFLICHTOPFER GERATEN SIND, NUR SO VIELE TAUGLICH, WIE BRANDOPFER IN DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTHALTEN SIND. SIND DIE PFLICHTOPFER DOPPELT SO VIEL WIE DIE BRANDOPFER, SO IST DIE HÄLFTE TAUGLICH UND DIE HÄLFTE UNTAUGLICH; SIND DIE BRANDOPFER DOPPELT SO VIEL WIE DIE PFLICHTOPFER, SO IST DIE DEN PFLICHTOPFERN ENTSPRECHENDE ANZAHL TAUGLICH.",
+ "WENN EINE FRAU GESAGT HAT, SIE NEHME AUF SICH, EIN TAUBENPAAR [DARZUBRINGEN], FALLS SIE EINEN KNABEN GEBÄREN SOLLTE, UND EINEN KNABEN GEBOREN HAT, SO BRINGE SIE ZWEI TAUBENPAARE, EINES WEGEN IHRES GELÜBDES UND EINES ALS PFLICHT. GIBT SIE SIE DEM PRIESTER, SO MUSS ER DREI TAUBEN OBENUND EINE UNTEN HERRICHTEN. HAT ER NICHT SO VERFAHREN, SONDERN OHNE ZU FRAGEN ZWEI OBEN UND ZWEI UNTENHERGERICHTET, SO MUSS SIE NOCH EINE TAUBE BRINGEN UND ER RICHTE SIE OBEN HER. DIES WENN SIE VON EINER ARTWAREN, WENN ABER VON ZWEI ARTEN, SO MUSS SIE NOCH ZWEI BRINGEN. HATTE SIE DAS GELOBTE [PAAR] BEZEICHNET, SO MUSS SIE NOCH DREI TAUBEN BRINGEN. DIES WENN SIE VON EINER ART WAREN, WENN ABER VON ZWEI ARTEN, SO MUSS SIE NOCH VIER BRINGEN. HATTE SIE IHR GELÜBDE FESTGESETZT, SO MUSS SIE NOCH FÜNF TAUBEN BRINGEN. DIES WENN VON EINER ART, WENN ABER VON ZWEI ARTEN, SO MUSS SIE NOCH SECHSBRINGEN. WENN SIE SIE DEM PRIESTER GEGEBEN HAT UND NICHT WEISS, WASSIE IHM GEGEBEN HAT, UND DER PRIESTER HINGEGANGEN IST UND SIE HERGERICHTET HAT, UND NICHT WEISS, WIE ER SIE HERGERICHTETHAT, SO MUSS SIE NOCH VIER TAUBEN BRINGEN WEGEN IHRES GELÜBDES; ZWEI ALS PFLICHTOPFERUND EINE ALS SÜNDOPFER; BEN A͑ZAJ SAGT, ZWEI SÜNDOPFER. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGTE: DASIST ES, WAS <folio>Fol.25</folio> SIE GESAGT HABEN: LEBEND HAT EREINE STIMME, TOT IST SEINE STIMME SIEBENFACH. WIESO IST SEINE STIMME SIEBENFACH? SEINE BEIDEN HÖRNER GEBEN ZWEI TROMPETEN, SEINE BEIDEN SCHENKEL GEBEN ZWEI FLÖTEN, SEINE HAUT GIBT EINE PAUKE, SEINE DÄRME GEBEN EINEN PSALTER UND SEINE DÜNNDÄRME GEBEN EINE HARFE. MANCHE SAGEN: AUCH SEINE WOLLE GIBT PURPURFÄDEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. A͑QASJA SAGTE: BEI GREISEN AUS DEM GEMEINEN VOLKE WIRD DER VERSTAND, JE ÄLTER SIE WERDEN, DESTO WIRRER, WIE ES HEISST:er entzieht Bewährten die Rede und Greisen nimmt er den Verstand. ANDERS ABER GREISE DER GESETZESKUNDE; JE ÄLTER SIE WERDEN, DESTO GESETZTER WIRD IHR VERSTAND, WIE ES HEISST:bei Ergrauten ist Weisheit und langem Leben Einsicht."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35b4f58344c2c39122b3da5bfb205cd2b2acf96c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Kinnim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "A bird hatat is performed below [the red line], but a beast hatat is performed above [the red line]. A bird olah is performed above, but a beast olah below. If he changed this procedure with either, then the offering is disqualified. The seder [ordered ritual] in the case of kinnim is as follows: In the case of obligatory offerings, one [bird] is a hatat and one an olah. In the case of vows and freewill offerings, however, all are olot. What constitutes a vow? When one says: \"It is incumbent upon me to bring an olah.\" And what constitutes a freewill-offering? When one says: \"Behold, this shall be an olah.\" What is the [practical] difference between vows and freewill offerings? In the case of vows, if they die or are stolen, one is responsible for their replacement; But in the case of freewill offerings, if they die or are stolen, one is not responsible for their replacement.",
+ "If a hatat becomes mixed up with an olah, or an olah with a hatat, were it even one in ten thousand, they all must be left to die. If a hatat becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of hatats among the obligatory offerings. Similarly, if an olah becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of olot among the obligatory offerings [This rule holds true] whether the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are in the majority and the freewill-offerings in the minority, or the freewill-offerings are in the majority and those that are obligatory in the minority, or whether they are both equal in number.",
+ "When is this so? When obligatory offerings [get mixed up] with voluntary offerings. When, however, obligatory offerings get mixed up one with another, with one [pair] belonging to one [woman] and the other pair to another [woman], or two [pairs] belonging to one and two [pairs] to another, or three [pairs] to one and three [pairs] to another, then half of these are valid and the other half disqualified. If one [pair] belongs to one [woman] and two pairs to another, or three pairs to another, or ten pairs to another or one hundred to another, only the lesser number remains valid. Whether they are of the same denomination or of two denominations, or whether they belong to one woman or to two.",
+ "What is meant by one \"name\"? For a birth and a birth, or for zivah and zivah, that is one name. And \"two names\"? For a birth, [and the other] for a zivah. What is meant by \"two women\"? [When] one [woman] brings [her offering] for a birth and the other for a birth, or [when one brings] for a zivah and the other for a zivah this is \"of one name\". And a case \"of two names\"? When one brings for a birth and the other for a zivah. Rabbi Yose says: when two women purchased their kinnim in partnership, or gave the price of their kinnim to the priest [for him to purchase them], then the priest can offer whichever one he wants as a hatat or as an olah, whether they are of one name or of two names."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If from an unassigned pair of birds a single pigeon flew into the open air, or flew among birds that had been left to die, or if one [of the pair] died, then he must take a mate for the second one. If it flew among birds that are to be offered up, it becomes invalid and it invalidates another bird as its counterpart [in the pair]; for the pigeon that flew away is invalid and invalidates another bird as its counterpart [in the pair].",
+ "How is this so? Two women, this one has two pairs and this one has two pairs, and one bird flies from the [pair of] one to the other [woman's pair], then it disqualifies by its escape one [of the birds from which it flew]. If it returned, it disqualifies yet another by its return. If it flew away again and then returned, and again flew away and returned, no further loss is incurred, since even if they had all become mixed together, not less than two [pairs would still be valid].",
+ "If one [woman] had one pair, another two, another three, another four, another five, another six and another seven pairs, and one bird flew from the first to the second pair, [and then a bird flew from there] to the third, [and then a bird flew from there] to the fourth, [and from there a bird flew] to the fifth [and from there a bird flew] to the sixth, [and from there a bird flew] to the seventh, and then a bird returns [in the same order as they flew away] it disqualifies at each flight and at each return. The first and second [women] have none left, the third has one pair, the fourth two, the fifth three, the sixth four, and the seventh six pairs. If again [one from each group] flew away and returned [in the same order as above], it disqualifies at each flight and return. The third and fourth woman have none left, the fifth has one pair, the sixth two pairs, and the seventh woman five pairs. If again one [from each group] flew away and returned [in the same order as above], it disqualifies at each flight and return. The fifth and sixth women have none left, and the seventh has four pairs. But some say that the seventh woman has lost nothing. If [a bird] from those that are left to die escaped to any of all the groups, then all must be left to die.",
+ "An unassigned pair and an assigned pair: if one bird from the unassigned [pair] flew to the assigned [pair], then a pair must be taken for the second [bird]. If one bird flew back, or if in the first place a bird from the assigned pair flew [to the other pair], then all must be left to die.",
+ "Hatat [birds] are on one side, and olot [birds] are on the other and an unassigned [pair] is in the middle: If from the middle pair one bird flew to this side, and one bird flew to this side, then he has not lost anything, because he [the priest] says that the bird that flew [from the middle] towards the hataot is a hatat and the bird that flew towards the olot is a olah. If one [from each side] returns to the middle, then [all] those in the middle must be left to die, but those [left on either side] can be offered up as hataot or as olot respectively. If again a bird [from the middle] returned and flew away to the sides, then all must be left to die. One cannot pair turtle-doves with pigeons or pigeons with turtle-doves. How is this so? If a woman has brought a turtle-dove as her hatat and a pigeon as her olah, she must then bring another turtle-dove as her olah; If her olah had been a turtle-dove and her hatat a pigeon, then she must bring another pigeon as her olah. Ben Azzai says: we go after the first [offering]. If a woman brought her hatat and then died, her heirs must bring her olah; [But if she first brought] her olah and then died, her heirs need not bring her hatat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "When are these words said? When the priest asks advice. But in the case of a priest who does not seek advice, and one [pair] belongs to one [woman] and one to another, or two [pairs] to one and two to another, or three [pairs] to one and three to another, and he offered all of them above [the red line], then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly], if [he offered] all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. If [he offered] half of them above and half of them below, then of those [offered] above, half are valid and half are invalid, and also of those [offered] below, half are valid and half are invalid.",
+ "If one [pair] belonged to one woman and two [pairs] to another, or [even] three [pairs] to another, or [ten] pairs to another or a hundred to another, and he offered all of them above, then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly], if he offered all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. [If he offered] half of them above and half below, then the [number of birds as there is in the] larger part are valid. This is the general principle: whenever you can divide the pairs [of birds] so that those belonging to one woman need not have part of them [offered] above and part [offered] below, then half of them are valid and half are invalid; But whenever you cannot divide the pairs [of birds] without some of those belonging to one woman being [offered] above and some below, then [the number as there is in] the larger part are valid.",
+ "If the hatats belonged to one and the olot to another, and the priest offered them all above, then half are valid and half disqualified. If he offered them all below, half are valid and half disqualified. If he offered half of them above and half below, then all of them are disqualified, because I can argue that the hatats were offered above and the olot below.",
+ "If a hatat, an olah, an unassigned pair of birds and an assigned pair [became mixed up], and he offered them all above, then half are valid and half are invalid. [Similarly] if he offered all of them below, half are valid and half are invalid. If he offered half of them above and half below, none is valid except the unassigned pair, and that must be divided between them.",
+ "If hataot birds were mixed up with [unassigned birds that were] obligatory offerings, only the number of hataot among the obligatory offerings are valid. If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the hataot, then half are valid and half invalid; But if the hataot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of hataot] among the obligatory offerings are valid. So, too, if [birds assigned as] olot were mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory offerings, only the number of olot among the obligatory offerings are valid. If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the olot, then half are valid and half invalid. But if the olot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of olot] among the obligatory offerings are valid.",
+ "If a woman says: \"I vow a pair of birds if I give birth to a male child,\" and she does give birth to a male child, then she must offer up two pairs one for her vow and one for her obligation. If [before she assigned them] she gave them to the priest, and the priest who ought to offer three birds above and one below does not do so, but offers two above and two below, and does not seek guidance, she must she bring another bird and offer that above. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring two others. If she had expressly defined her vow, then must she bring three other birds. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring four others. If she made a definite fixture at the time of her vow, then must she bring another five birds. This is so if the birds were of the same kind. If they were of two kinds, then must she bring six others. If she gave them to the priest and it is not known what she gave, and the priest performed the sacrifice, but it is not known how he performed it, then she must bring four other birds for her vow, and two for her obligation and one for her hatat. Ben Azzai says: [she must bring] two hatats. Rabbi Joshua said: This is what it meant when they said: \"When [the beast] is alive it possesses one sound, but when it is dead its sound is sevenfold.\" In what way is its sound sevenfold? Its two horns [are made into] two trumpets, its two leg-bones into two flutes, its hide into a drum, its entrails for lyres and its large intestines for harp strings; and there are some who add that its wool is used for the blue [pomegranates.] Rabbi Shimon ben Akashiah says: ignorant old people, the older they become, the more their intellect gets befuddled, as it is said: \"He removes the speech of men of trust and takes away the sense of the elders.\" But when it comes to aged scholars, it is not so. On the contrary, the older they get, the more their mind becomes composed, as it is said: \"With aged men comes wisdom, and understanding in length of days.\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7741432125d0d624492f9ef3bc71e2ca11c8753e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nחַטַּאת הָעוֹף נֶעֱשֵׁית לְמַטָּן, \nוְחַטַּאת בְּהֵמָה לְמַעְלָה. \nעוֹלַת הָעוֹף נֶעֱשֵׁית לְמַעְלָן, \nוְעוֹלַת בְּהֵמָה לְמַטָּה. \nאִם שִׁנָּה בָזֶה וּבָזֶה, פָּסַל. \nכֵּיצַד סֵדֶר קִנִּים? כָּךְ הוּא: <הִיא>\nהַחוֹבָה, אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶחָד עוֹלָה; \nבִּנְדָרִים וּבִנְדָבוֹת, כֻּלָּם עוֹלוֹת. \nאֵי זֶה הוּא נֶדֶר? \nהָאוֹמֵר 'הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה'. \nוְאֵי זוֹ הִיא נְדָבָה? \nהָאוֹמֵר 'הֲרֵי זוֹ עוֹלָה'. \nמַה בֵּין נְדָרִים לִנְדָבוֹת? \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהַנְּדָרִים, \nמֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנָבוּ, חַיָּבִין בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן, \nוּנְדָבוֹת, \nמֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנָבוּ, אֵינָן חַיָּבִים בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן. \n",
+ "ב\nחַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְעוֹלָה, וְעוֹלָה בַחַטָּאת, \nאֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בָּרִבּוֹא, יָמוּתוּ כֻלָּם. \nחַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, \nאֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה. \nוְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, \nאֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה. \nבֵּין שֶׁהַחוֹבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַנְּדָבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, \nבֵּין שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַחוֹבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, \nבֵּין שֶׁשְּׁתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת. \n",
+ "ג\nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבְּחוֹבָה וּבִנְדָבָה, \nאֲבָל חוֹבָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה זוֹ בָזוֹ, \nאַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, \nשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, \nשָׁלוֹשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלוֹשׁ לָזוֹ, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר, וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל. \nאַחַת לָזוֹ שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, \nהַמֻּעָט כָּשֵׁר. \nבֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, וּבֵין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, \nבֵּין מֵאִשָּׁה אַחַת, וּבֵין מִשְּׁתֵי נָשִׁים. \n",
+ "ד\nכֵּיצַד מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד? \nלֵדָה וְלֵדָה, זִיבָה וְזִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. \nמִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת? \nלֵדָה וְזִיבָה. \nמִשְּׁתֵּי נָשִׁים? \nעַל זוֹ לֵדָה וְעַל זוֹ לֵדָה, \nעַל זוֹ זִיבָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. \nמִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת? \nעַל זוֹ לֵדָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּקְחוּ קִנֵּיהֶן בְּעֵרוּב, \nאוֹ שֶׁנָּתְנוּ דְמֵי קִנֵּיהֶן לַכֹּהֵן, \nלְאֵי זוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב חַטָּאת, \nוּלְאֵי זוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב עוֹלָה, \nבֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד וּבֵין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nקֵן סְתוּמָה שֶׁפָּרַח מִמֶּנָּה גוֹזָל לְאַוֵיר, \nאוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח לְבֵין הַמֵּתוֹת, \nאוֹ שֶׁמֵּת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nיִקַּח זוֹג לַשֵּׁנִי. \nפָּרַח לְבֵין הַקְּרֵבוֹת, פָּסוּל, \nוּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, \nשֶׁהַגּוֹזָל הַפּוֹרֵחַ פָּסוּל, \nוּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nכֵּיצַד? \nשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, לָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים וְלָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, \nפָּרַח מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ. \nחָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. \nפָּרַח וְחָזַר, פָּרַח וְחָזַר, \nלֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, \nשֶׁאֲפִלּוּ הֵן מְעֹרָבוֹת, אֵין פָּחוּת מִשְּׁתַיִם. \n",
+ "ג\nלָזוֹ אַחַת, לָזוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, לָזוֹ שָׁלוֹשׁ, \nלָזוֹ אַרְבַּע, לָזוֹ חָמֵשׁ, לָזוֹ שֵׁשׁ, לָזוֹ שֶׁבַע, \nפָּרַח מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה לַשְּׁנִיָּה, לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, לָרְבִיעִית, \nלַחֲמִישִׁית, לַשִּׁשִּׁית, לַשְּׁבִיעִית, וְחָזַר, \nפּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם. \nהַשְּׁלִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, \nהַרְבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, \nוְהַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שָׁלוֹשׁ, \nהַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע, \nוְהַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שֵׁשׁ. \nפָּרַח וְחָזַר, \nפּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. \nהַשְּׁלִישִׁית וְהָרְבִיעִית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, \nהַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, \nהַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, \nהַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ חָמֵשׁ. \nפָּרַח וְחָזַר, \nפּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ, וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. \nהַחֲמִישִׁית וְהַשִּׁשִּׁית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, \nהַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע. \nוְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: \nשְׁבִיעִית לֹא הִפְסִידָה כְלוּם. \nוְאִם פָּרַח מִבֵּין הַמֵּתוֹת לְכֻלָּם, \nהֲרֵי כֻלָּם יָמוּתוּ. \n",
+ "ד\nקֵן סְתוּמָה וְקֵן מְפֹרֶשֶׁת, \nפָּרַח מִסְּתוּמָה לִמְפרֶשֶׁת, \nיִקַּח זוֹג לַשֵּׁנִי. \nחָזַר, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הַמְפֹרֶשֶׁת רִאשׁוֹן, \nהֲרֵי כֻלָּם יָמוּתוּ. \n",
+ "ה\nחַטָּאת מִכָּן וְעוֹלָה מִכָּן, וּסְתוּמָה בָאֶמְצַע, \nפָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לִצְדָדִין, \nאֶחָד הֵילָךְ וְאֶחָד הֵילָךְ, \nלֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, אֶלָּא יֹאמַר: \nזֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל חַטָּאוֹת, חַטָּאת, \nוְזֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל עוֹלוֹת, עוֹלָה. \nחָזַר לָאֶמְצַע, הָאֶמְצָעִיִּים יָמוּתוּ, \nאֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ חַטָּאוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת. \nחָזַר אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לִצְדָדִין, \nהֲרֵי כֻלָּם יָמוּתוּ. \n\nו\nאֵין מְבִיאִין תּוֹרִין כְּנֶגֶד בְּנֵי יוֹנָה, \nוְלֹא בְנֵי יוֹנָה כְנֶגֶד תּוֹרִין. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ תּוֹר וְעוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה, \n[תִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר; \nעוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר וְחַטָּאתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה,] \nתִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה. \nבֶּן עַזַּי אוֹמֵר: \nהוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן. \nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ, וּמֵתָה, \nיָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין עוֹלָתָהּ; \nעוֹלָתָהּ, וּמֵתָה, \nלֹא יָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין חַטָּאתָהּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבְּכֹהֵן נִמְלָךְ; \nאֲבָל בְּכֹהֵן שֶׁאֵינוּ נִמְלָךְ, \nאַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, \nשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, \nשָׁלוֹשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלוֹשׁ לָזוֹ, \nעָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nוְכֻלָּן לְמַטָּן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nחֶצְיָם לְמַעְלָן, וְחֶצְיָם לְמַטָּן, <חֶצְיָהּ>\nאֶת שֶׁלְּמַעְלָן, מַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל;\nוְאֶת שֶׁלְּמַטָּן, מַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל. \n",
+ "ב\nאַחַת לָזוֹ, וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלוֹשׁ לָזוֹ, \nוְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, \nעָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, \nמַחְצָה [כָשֵׁר] וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \n[כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל;] \nחֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן, וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, <חֶצְיָהּ>\nהַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתְּ יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּים, \nלֹא יְהוּ מִשֶּׁלְּאִשָּׁה אַחַת, \nבֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, <וּלְמַטָּה>\nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל. \nמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אַתְּ יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּים, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהוּ מִשֶּׁלְּאִשָּׁה אַחַת, \nבֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, \nהַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ג\nחַטָּאת לָזוֹ וְעוֹלָה לָזוֹ, \nעָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָה, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nוְכֻלָּן לְמַטָּן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nחֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן, וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, \nשְׁתֵּיהֶן פְּסוּלוֹת, \nשֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: \nחַטָּאת קְרֵבָה לְמַעְלָן, וְעוֹלָה לְמַטָּן. \n",
+ "ד\nחַטָּאת וְעוֹלָה סְתוּמָה וּמְפרֶשֶׁת, \nעָשָׂה כֻלָּם לְמַעְלָן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nכֻּלָּם לְמַטָּן, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל; \nחֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן, וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, \nאֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא סְתוּמָה, וְהִיא מִתְחַלֶּקֶת בֵּינֵיהֶן. \n",
+ "ה\nחַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, \nאֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן חַטָּאת שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה. \n[חוֹבָה] שְׁנַיִם בְּחַטָּאת, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל. \nוְחַטָּאת שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, \nהַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר. \n\nו\nוְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, \nאֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה. \nחוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּעוֹלָה, \nמַחְצָה כָשֵׁר וּמַחְצָה פָסוּל. \nעוֹלָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, \nהַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבְּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ז\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה 'הֲרֵי עָלַי קֵן כְּשֶׁאֵלֵד זָכָר', \nיָלְדָה זָכָר, מְבִיאָה שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, \nאַחַת לְנִדְרָהּ וְאַחַת לְחוֹבָתָהּ. \nנְתָנָן לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְכֹהֵן צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׁוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ פְּרִידִים מִלְּמַעְלָן וְאַחַת מִלְּמַטָּן. \nלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, \nאֶלָּא עָשָׂה שְׁתַּיִם מִלְּמַעְלָן וּשְׁתַּיִם מִלְּמַטָּן, \nלֹא נִמְלַךְ, \nצְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד פְּרִידָה אַחַת, \nוְיַקְרִיבֶנָּה לְמַעְלָן; \nמִמִּין אֶחָד. \nמִשְּׁנֵי מִינִים, \nתָּבִיא שְׁתַּיִם. \nפֵּרְשָׁה נִדְרָהּ, \nצְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד שָׁלֹשׁ פְּרִידִים; \nמִמִּין אֶחָד. \nמִשְּׁנֵי מִינִים, תָּבִיא אַרְבַּע. \nקָבְעָה נִדְרָהּ, \nצְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד חָמֵשׁ פְּרִידִים; \nמִמִּין אֶחָד. \nוּמִשְּׁנֵי מִינִים, תָּבִיא שֵׁשׁ. \nנְתָנָן לַכֹּהֵן, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מָה נָתְנָה, \nהָלַךְ הַכֹּהֵן וְעָשָׂה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מָה עָשָׂה, \nצְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד אַרְבַּע פְּרִידִים לְנִדְרָהּ, \nוּשְׁתַּיִם לְחוֹבָתָהּ, וְחַטָּאת אַחַת. \nבֶּן עַזַּי אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁתֵּי חַטָּאוֹת. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nזֶה הוּא שֶׁאָמָרוּ: \nכְּשֶׁהוּא חַי, קוֹלוֹ אֶחָד, \nכְּשֶׁהוּא מֵת, קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה. \n\nח\nכֵּיצַד קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה? \nשְׁתֵּי קַרְנָיו, שְׁתֵּי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת; \nשְׁתֵּי שׁוֹקָיו, שְׁנֵי חֲלִילִים; \nעוֹרוֹ לַתּוֹף; \nוּמֵעָיו לִנְבָלִים; \nוּבְנֵי מֵעַיִם לְכִנּוֹרוֹת. \n\nט\nוְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף צִמְרוֹ. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עֲקַשְׁיָה אוֹמֵר: \nזִקְנֵי עַם הָאָרֶץ, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהֵן מַזְקִינִין, \nדַּעְתָּם מִטָּרֶפֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (איוב יב,כ) \n\"מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים וְטַעַם זְקֵנִים יִקָּח\". \n\nי\nאֲבָל זִקְנֵי תוֹרָה, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהֵן מַזְקִינִים, \nדַּעְתָּם מִתְיַשֶּׁבֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (איוב יב,יב) \n\"בִּישִׁישִׁים חָכְמָה, וְאֹרֶךְ יָמִים תְּבוּנָה\". \n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec73751111dad4cb8094a0b626dddf5e9def933b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חטאת העוף נעשית למטה וחטאת בהמה למעלה. עולת העוף נעשית למעלה ועולת הבהמה למטה. אם שינה בזה ובזה פסול. סדר קנים כך הוא. החובה. אחד חטאת ואחד עולה. בנדרים ונדבות כולן עולות. איזהו נדר. האומר הרי עלי עולה ואיזהו נדבה. האומר הרי זו עולה מה בין נדרים לנדבות. אלא שהנדרים. מתו או נגנבו חייבים באחריותם. ונדבות. מתו או נגנבו אין חייבים באחריותן: ",
+ "חטאת שנתערבה בעולה. ועולה בחטאת. אפילו אחד בריבוא. ימותו כולם. חטאת שנתערבה בחובה. אין כשר אלא כמנין חטאות שבחובה. וכן עולה שנתערבה בחובה. אין כשר אלא כמנין עולות שבחובה. בין שהחובה מרובה והנדבה ממועטת. בין שהנדבה מרובה. והחובה ממועטת בין ששתיהן שוות: ",
+ "במה דברים אמורים. בחובה ובנדבה. אבל בחובה שנתערבה זו בזו. אחת לזו ואחת לזו. שתים לזו שתים לזו. שלש לזו ושלש לזו. מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. אחת לזו ושתים לזו. ושלש לזו. ועשר לזו. ומאה לזו. המועט כשר. בין משם אחד. בין משני שמות. בין מאשה אחת. בין משתי נשים: ",
+ "כיצד משם אחד. לידה ולידה. זיבה וזיבה. משם אחד. משני שמות. לידה וזיבה. כיצד שתי נשים. על זו לידה ועל זו לידה. על זו זיבה ועל זו זיבה. משם אחד. משני שמות על זו לידה ועל זו זיבה. רבי יוסי אומר שתי נשים שלקחו קניהן בערוב. או שנתנו דמי קניהם לכהן. לאיזה שירצה כהן יקריב חטאת. ולאיזה שירצה כהן יקריב עולה. בין משם אחד. בין משני שמות: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "קן סתומה שפרח ממנה גוזל לאויר. או שפרח בין המתות או שמת אחד מהן יקח זוג לשני. פרח לבין הקריבות פסול. ופוסל אחד כנגדו. שהגוזל הפורח פסול. ופוסל אחד כנגדו: \n",
+ "כיצד שתי נשים. לזו שתי קנים. ולזו שתי קנים. פרח מזו לזו פוסל אחד בהליכתו. חזר. פוסל אחד בחזירתו. פרח וחזר. פרח וחזר. לא הפסיד כלום. שאפילו הן מעורבות אין פחות משתים: \n",
+ "לזו אחת. לזו שתים. לזו שלש. לזו ארבע. לזו חמש. לזו שש. לזו שבע פרח מן הראשונה. לשניה. לשלישית. לרביעית. לחמישית. לששית. לשביעית. חזר. פוסל אחד בהליכתו ואחד בחזירתו. הראשונה והשניה אין להם כלום. השלישית יש לה אחת. הרביעית יש לה שתים. החמישית יש לה שלש. הששית יש לה ארבע. השביעית יש לה שש. פרח וחזר. פוסל אחד בהליכתו ואחד בחזירתו. השלישית והרביעית אין להם כלום. החמישית יש לה אחת. הששית יש לה שתים. השביעית יש לה חמש. פרח וחזר. פוסל אחד בהליכתו ואחד בחזירתו. החמישית והששית אין להם כלום. השביעית יש לה ארבע. ויש אומרים השביעית לא הפסידה כלום. ואם פרח מבין המתות לכולם. הרי כולם ימותו: \n",
+ "קן סתומה. וקן מפורשת. פרח מן הסתומה למפורשת. יקח זוג לשני. חזר. או שפרח מן המפורשת ראשון הרי כולן ימותו: \n",
+ "חטאת מיכן ועולה מיכן. וסתומה באמצע. פרח מן האמצע לצדדין. אחד הלך ואחד הלך לא הפסיד כלום. אלא יאמר זה שהלך אצל חטאות. חטאת. וזה שהלך אצל עולות. עולה. חזר לאמצע האמצעיים ימותו. אלו יקרבו חטאות. ואלו יקרבו עולות. חזר. או שפרח מן האמצע לצדדין הרי כולן ימותו. אין מביאין תורין כנגד בני יונה. ולא בני יונה כנגד תורין. כיצד. האשה שהביאה חטאתה תור. ועולתה בן יונה. תכפול ותביא עולתה תור. עולתה תור. וחטאתה בן יונה. תכפול ותביא עולתה בן יונה. בן עזאי אומר. הולכין אחר הראשון. האשה שהביאה חטאתה. ומתה. יביאו היורשין עולתה. עולתה ומתה. לא יביאו היורשין חטאתה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "במה דברים אמורים. בכהן נמלך. אבל בכהן שאינו נמלך. אחת לזו ואחת לזו. שתים לזו ושתים לזו. שלש לזו ושלש לזו. עשה כולן למעלה. מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. כולן למטן. מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. חצים למעלה וחצים למטה. את שלמעלה מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. ואת שלמטה מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול: ",
+ "אחת לזו ושתים לזו ושלש לזו ועשר לזו ומאה לזו. עשה כולן למעלה מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. כולן למטן מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. חצין למעלן וחצין למטן המרובה כשר. זה הכלל. כל מקום שאתה יכול לחלוק את הקנין ולא יהו משל אשה אחת בין מלמעלן בין מלמטן. מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. כל מקום שאין אתה יכול לחלוק את הקנין עד שהוא משל אשה אחת בין מלמעלן בין מלמטן. המרובה כשר: ",
+ "חטאת לזו ועולה לזו עשה כולן למעלן מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. כולן למטן מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. חצין למעלן וחצין למטן. שתיהן פסול. שאני אומר חטאת קריבה למעלן. ועולה למטן: ",
+ "חטאת. ועולה. וסתומה. ומפורשת. עשה כולן למעלן מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. כולן למטה מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. חצין למעלן וחצין למטן אין כשר אלא סתומה. והיא מתחלקת ביניהן: ",
+ "חטאת שנתערבה בחובה. אין כשר אלא מנין חטאת שבחובה. חובה שנים בחטאת. מחצה כשר. ומחצה פסול. וחטאת שנים בחובה. המנין שבחובה כשר. וכן עולה שנתערבה בחובה. אין כשר אלא מנין עולות שבחובה. חובה שנים בעולה מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול. עולה שנים בחובה. המנין שבחובה כשר: ",
+ "האשה שאמרה הרי עלי קן כשאלד זכר. ילדה זכר. מביאה שתי קנים. אחת לנדרה. ואחת לחובתה נתנתם לכהן. והכהן צריך לעשות שלש פרידים מלמעלן ואחת מלמטן. לא עשה כן. אלא עשה שתים למעלן ושתים למטן ולא נמלך. צריכה להביא עוד פרידה אחת ויקריבנה למעלן. ממין אחד. משני מינין תביא שתים. פירשה נדרה. צריכה להביא עוד שלש פרידים ממין אחד. משני מינין תביא ארבע. קבעה נדרה. צריכה להביא עוד חמש פרידים ממין אחד. משני מינין תביא שש נתנתם לכהן ואין ידוע מה נתנה. הלך הכהן ועשה ואין ידוע מה עשה. צריכה להביא עוד ארבעה פרידים לנדרה. ושתים לחובתה. וחטאת אחת. בן עזאי אומר שתי חטאות. אמר ר' יהושע זה הוא שאמרו כשהוא חי קולו אחד. וכשהוא מת קולו שבעה. כיצד קולו שבעה. שתי קרניו. שתי חצוצרות. שתי שוקיו. שני חלילין. עורו לתוף. מעיו לנבלים. בני מעיו לכינורות. ויש אומרים. אף צמרו לתכלת. רבי שמעון בן עקשיא אומר. זקני עם הארץ. כל זמן שמזקינין. דעתן מיטרפת עליהן. שנאמר (איוב יב, כ) מסיר שפה לנאמנים וטעם זקנים יקח. אבל זקני תורה אינן כן. אלא כל זמן שמזקינין. דעתן מתישבת עליהן. שנאמר (איוב יב, יב) בישישים חכמה ואורך ימים תבונה: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f9fc77c5edf3adf8409d5a13237a50ccf2ba96f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חַטַּאת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַטָּה, וְחַטַּאת בְּהֵמָה לְמַעְלָה. עוֹלַת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַעְלָה, וְעוֹלַת הַבְּהֵמָה לְמַטָּה. אִם שִׁנָּה בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה, פָּסוּל. סֵדֶר קִנִּים כָּךְ הוּא. הַחוֹבָה, אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶחָד עוֹלָה. בִּנְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת. אֵיזֶהוּ נֶדֶר, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא נְדָבָה, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ עוֹלָה. מַה בֵּין נְדָרִים לִנְדָבוֹת. אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנְּדָרִים, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָם. וּנְדָבוֹת, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, אֵין חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְעוֹלָה וְעוֹלָה בְחַטָּאת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בְּרִבּוֹא, יָמוּתוּ כֻלָּם. חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה, בֵּין שֶׁהַחוֹבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַנְּדָבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַחוֹבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁתֵּיהֶן שָׁווֹת: ",
+ "בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּחוֹבָה וּבִנְדָבָה. אֲבָל בְּחוֹבָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה זוֹ בָזוֹ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, מֶחֱצָה כָּשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָּסוּל. אַחַת לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, הַמֻּעָט כָּשֵׁר, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, בֵּין מֵאִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִשְּׁתֵּי נָשִׁים: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, לֵידָה וְלֵידָה, זִיבָה וְזִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, לֵידָה וְזִיבָה. כֵּיצַד שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ לֵידָה, עַל זוֹ זִיבָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּקְחוּ קִנֵּיהֶן בְּעֵרוּב, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתְנוּ דְמֵי קִנֵּיהֶן לַכֹּהֵן, לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב חַטָּאת, וּלְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב עוֹלָה, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "קֵן סְתוּמָה שֶׁפָּרַח מִמֶּנָּה גוֹזָל לָאֲוִיר, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח בֵּין הַמֵּתוֹת, אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת אַחַד מֵהֶן, יִקַּח זוּג לַשֵּׁנִי. פָּרַח לְבֵין הַקְּרֵבוֹת, פָּסוּל וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, שֶׁהַגּוֹזָל הַפּוֹרֵחַ, פָּסוּל וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד. שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, לָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים וְלָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, פָּרַח מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ. חָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פָּרַח וְחָזַר, לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ הֵן מְעֹרָבוֹת, אֵין פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁתָּיִם: ",
+ "לָזוֹ אַחַת, לָזוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, לָזוֹ שָׁלשׁ, לָזוֹ אַרְבַּע, לָזוֹ חָמֵשׁ, לָזוֹ שֵׁשׁ, לָזוֹ שֶׁבַע. פָּרַח מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה לַשְּׁנִיָּה, לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, לָרְבִיעִית, לַחֲמִישִׁית, לַשִּׁשִּׁית, לַשְּׁבִיעִית, חָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַשְּׁלִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, הָרְבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, הַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שָׁלשׁ, הַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שֵׁשׁ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית וְהָרְבִיעִית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, הַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ חָמֵשׁ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ, הַחֲמִישִׁית וְהַשִּׁשִּׁית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, הַשְּׁבִיעִית לֹא הִפְסִידָה כְלוּם. וְאִם פָּרַח מִבֵּין הַמֵּתוֹת לְכֻלָּם, הֲרֵי כֻלָּם יָמוּתוּ: ",
+ "קֵן סְתוּמָה וְקֵן מְפֹרֶשֶׁת, פָּרַח מִן הַסְּתוּמָה לַמְפֹרֶשֶׁת, יִקַּח זוּג לַשֵּׁנִי. חָזַר, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הַמְפֹרֶשֶׁת רִאשׁוֹן, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן יָמוּתוּ: ",
+ "חַטָּאת מִיכָּן וְעוֹלָה מִיכָּן וּסְתוּמָה בָאֶמְצַע, פָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לַצְּדָדִין, אֶחָד הֵלָךְ וְאֶחָד הֵלָךְ, לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, אֶלָּא יֹאמַר, זֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל חַטָּאוֹת, חַטָּאת. וְזֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל עוֹלוֹת, עוֹלָה. חָזַר לָאֶמְצַע, הָאֶמְצָעִיִּים יָמוּתוּ, אֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ חַטָּאוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת. חָזַר אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לַצְּדָדִין, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן יָמוּתוּ. אֵין מְבִיאִין תּוֹרִין כְּנֶגֶד בְּנֵי יוֹנָה, וְלֹא בְנֵי יוֹנָה כְּנֶגֶד תּוֹרִין. כֵּיצַד. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ תּוֹר, וְעוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה, תִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר. עוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר, וְחַטָּאתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה, תִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ וּמֵתָה, יָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין עוֹלָתָהּ. עוֹלָתָהּ וּמֵתָה, לֹא יָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין חַטָּאתָהּ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּכֹהֵן נִמְלָךְ. אֲבָל בְּכֹהֵן שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִמְלָךְ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָם לְמַעְלָה וְחֶצְיָם לְמַטָּה, אֶת שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל, וְאֶת שֶׁלְּמַטָּה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל: ",
+ "אַחַת לָזוֹ, וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, הַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּין וְלֹא יְהוּ מִשֶּׁל אִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּין עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ מִשֶּׁל אִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, הַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר: ",
+ "חַטָּאת לָזוֹ, וְעוֹלָה לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֱחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, שְׁתֵּיהֶן פָּסוּל, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, חַטָּאת קְרֵבָה לְמַעְלָן וְעוֹלָה לְמַטָּן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת וְעוֹלָה וּסְתוּמָה וּמְפֹרֶשֶׁת, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא סְתוּמָה, וְהִיא מִתְחַלֶּקֶת בֵּינֵיהֶן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן חַטָּאת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחַטָּאת, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. וְחַטָּאת שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּעוֹלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. עוֹלָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר: ",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הֲרֵי עָלַי קֵן כְּשֶׁאֵלֵד זָכָר, יָלְדָה זָכָר, מְבִיאָה שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, אַחַת לְנִדְרָהּ וְאַחַת לְחוֹבָתָהּ. נְתָנָתַם לַכֹּהֵן, וְהַכֹּהֵן צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁלשׁ פְּרִידִים מִלְמַעְלָן וְאַחַת מִלְּמַטָּן. לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, אֶלָּא עָשָׂה שְׁתַּיִם לְמַעְלָן וּשְׁתַּיִם לְמַטָּן וְלֹא נִמְלַךְ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד פְּרִידָה אַחַת, וְיַקְרִיבֶנָּה לְמַעְלָן, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא שְׁתַּיִם. פֵּרְשָׁה נִדְרָהּ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד שָׁלשׁ פְּרִידִים, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא אַרְבַּע. קָבְעָה נִדְרָהּ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד חָמֵשׁ פְּרִידִים, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא שֵׁשׁ. נְתָנָתַם לַכֹּהֵן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מַה נָּתְנָה, הָלַךְ הַכֹּהֵן וְעָשָׂה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מֶה עָשָׂה, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד אַרְבַּע פְּרִידִים לְנִדְרָהּ, וּשְׁתַּיִם לְחוֹבָתָהּ, וְחַטָּאת אֶחָת. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי חַטָּאוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, זֶה הוּא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, כְּשֶׁהוּא חַי קוֹלוֹ אֶחָד, וּכְשֶׁהוּא מֵת קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה. כֵּיצַד קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה. שְׁתֵּי קַרְנָיו, שְׁתֵּי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת. שְׁתֵּי שׁוֹקָיו, שְׁנֵי חֲלִילִין. עוֹרוֹ, לְתֹף. מֵעָיו, לִנְבָלִים. בְּנֵי מֵעָיו, לְכִנּוֹרוֹת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, אַף צַמְרוֹ לִתְכֵלֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עֲקַשְׁיָא אוֹמֵר, זִקְנֵי עַם הָאָרֶץ, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁמַּזְקִינִין, דַּעְתָּן מִטָּרֶפֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב יב), מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים וְטַעַם זְקֵנִים יִקָּח. אֲבָל זִקְנֵי תוֹרָה אֵינָן כֵן, אֶלָּא כָל זְמַן שֶׁמַּזְקִינִין, דַּעְתָּן מִתְיַשֶּׁבֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), בִּישִׁישִׁים חָכְמָה וְאֹרֶךְ יָמִים תְּבוּנָה: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a66c2aca6357811bca565cd267589ec49ad0bde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Kinnim/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Kinnim",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Kinnim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חַטַּאת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַטָּה, וְחַטַּאת בְּהֵמָה לְמַעְלָה. עוֹלַת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַעְלָה, וְעוֹלַת הַבְּהֵמָה לְמַטָּה. אִם שִׁנָּה בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה, פָּסוּל. סֵדֶר קִנִּים כָּךְ הוּא. הַחוֹבָה, אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶחָד עוֹלָה. בִּנְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת. אֵיזֶהוּ נֶדֶר, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא נְדָבָה, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ עוֹלָה. מַה בֵּין נְדָרִים לִנְדָבוֹת. אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנְּדָרִים, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָם. וּנְדָבוֹת, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, אֵין חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְעוֹלָה וְעוֹלָה בְחַטָּאת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בְּרִבּוֹא, יָמוּתוּ כֻלָּם. חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה, בֵּין שֶׁהַחוֹבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַנְּדָבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַחוֹבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁתֵּיהֶן שָׁווֹת: ",
+ "בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּחוֹבָה וּבִנְדָבָה. אֲבָל בְּחוֹבָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה זוֹ בָזוֹ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, מֶחֱצָה כָּשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָּסוּל. אַחַת לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, הַמֻּעָט כָּשֵׁר, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, בֵּין מֵאִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִשְּׁתֵּי נָשִׁים: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, לֵידָה וְלֵידָה, זִיבָה וְזִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, לֵידָה וְזִיבָה. כֵּיצַד שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ לֵידָה, עַל זוֹ זִיבָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּקְחוּ קִנֵּיהֶן בְּעֵרוּב, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתְנוּ דְמֵי קִנֵּיהֶן לַכֹּהֵן, לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב חַטָּאת, וּלְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב עוֹלָה, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "קֵן סְתוּמָה שֶׁפָּרַח מִמֶּנָּה גוֹזָל לָאֲוִיר, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח בֵּין הַמֵּתוֹת, אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת אַחַד מֵהֶן, יִקַּח זוּג לַשֵּׁנִי. פָּרַח לְבֵין הַקְּרֵבוֹת, פָּסוּל וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, שֶׁהַגּוֹזָל הַפּוֹרֵחַ, פָּסוּל וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד. שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, לָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים וְלָזוֹ שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, פָּרַח מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ. חָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פָּרַח וְחָזַר, לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ הֵן מְעֹרָבוֹת, אֵין פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁתָּיִם: ",
+ "לָזוֹ אַחַת, לָזוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, לָזוֹ שָׁלשׁ, לָזוֹ אַרְבַּע, לָזוֹ חָמֵשׁ, לָזוֹ שֵׁשׁ, לָזוֹ שֶׁבַע. פָּרַח מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה לַשְּׁנִיָּה, לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, לָרְבִיעִית, לַחֲמִישִׁית, לַשִּׁשִּׁית, לַשְּׁבִיעִית, חָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַשְּׁלִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, הָרְבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, הַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שָׁלשׁ, הַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ שֵׁשׁ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית וְהָרְבִיעִית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַחֲמִישִׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַחַת, הַשִּׁשִּׁית יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׁתַּיִם, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ חָמֵשׁ. פָּרַח וְחָזַר, פּוֹסֵל אֶחָד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ וְאֶחָד בַּחֲזִירָתוֹ, הַחֲמִישִׁית וְהַשִּׁשִּׁית אֵין לָהֶם כְּלוּם, הַשְּׁבִיעִית יֶשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, הַשְּׁבִיעִית לֹא הִפְסִידָה כְלוּם. וְאִם פָּרַח מִבֵּין הַמֵּתוֹת לְכֻלָּם, הֲרֵי כֻלָּם יָמוּתוּ: ",
+ "קֵן סְתוּמָה וְקֵן מְפֹרֶשֶׁת, פָּרַח מִן הַסְּתוּמָה לַמְפֹרֶשֶׁת, יִקַּח זוּג לַשֵּׁנִי. חָזַר, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הַמְפֹרֶשֶׁת רִאשׁוֹן, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן יָמוּתוּ: ",
+ "חַטָּאת מִיכָּן וְעוֹלָה מִיכָּן וּסְתוּמָה בָאֶמְצַע, פָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לַצְּדָדִין, אֶחָד הֵלָךְ וְאֶחָד הֵלָךְ, לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם, אֶלָּא יֹאמַר, זֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל חַטָּאוֹת, חַטָּאת. וְזֶה שֶׁהָלַךְ אֵצֶל עוֹלוֹת, עוֹלָה. חָזַר לָאֶמְצַע, הָאֶמְצָעִיִּים יָמוּתוּ, אֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ חַטָּאוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת. חָזַר אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַח מִן הָאֶמְצַע לַצְּדָדִין, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן יָמוּתוּ. אֵין מְבִיאִין תּוֹרִין כְּנֶגֶד בְּנֵי יוֹנָה, וְלֹא בְנֵי יוֹנָה כְּנֶגֶד תּוֹרִין. כֵּיצַד. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ תּוֹר, וְעוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה, תִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר. עוֹלָתָהּ תּוֹר, וְחַטָּאתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה, תִּכְפֹּל וְתָבִיא עוֹלָתָהּ בֶּן יוֹנָה. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵבִיאָה חַטָּאתָהּ וּמֵתָה, יָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין עוֹלָתָהּ. עוֹלָתָהּ וּמֵתָה, לֹא יָבִיאוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין חַטָּאתָהּ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּכֹהֵן נִמְלָךְ. אֲבָל בְּכֹהֵן שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִמְלָךְ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָם לְמַעְלָה וְחֶצְיָם לְמַטָּה, אֶת שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל, וְאֶת שֶׁלְּמַטָּה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל: ",
+ "אַחַת לָזוֹ, וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, הַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּין וְלֹא יְהוּ מִשֶּׁל אִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה יָכוֹל לַחֲלֹק אֶת הַקִּנִּין עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ מִשֶּׁל אִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, הַמְרֻבֶּה כָשֵׁר: ",
+ "חַטָּאת לָזוֹ, וְעוֹלָה לָזוֹ, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּן, מֱחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, שְׁתֵּיהֶן פָּסוּל, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, חַטָּאת קְרֵבָה לְמַעְלָן וְעוֹלָה לְמַטָּן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת וְעוֹלָה וּסְתוּמָה וּמְפֹרֶשֶׁת, עָשָׂה כֻלָּן לְמַעְלָן, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. כֻּלָּן לְמַטָּה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. חֶצְיָן לְמַעְלָן וְחֶצְיָן לְמַטָּן, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא סְתוּמָה, וְהִיא מִתְחַלֶּקֶת בֵּינֵיהֶן: ",
+ "חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן חַטָּאת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחַטָּאת, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. וְחַטָּאת שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּעוֹלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. עוֹלָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר: ",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הֲרֵי עָלַי קֵן כְּשֶׁאֵלֵד זָכָר, יָלְדָה זָכָר, מְבִיאָה שְׁתֵּי קִנִּים, אַחַת לְנִדְרָהּ וְאַחַת לְחוֹבָתָהּ. נְתָנָתַם לַכֹּהֵן, וְהַכֹּהֵן צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁלשׁ פְּרִידִים מִלְמַעְלָן וְאַחַת מִלְּמַטָּן. לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, אֶלָּא עָשָׂה שְׁתַּיִם לְמַעְלָן וּשְׁתַּיִם לְמַטָּן וְלֹא נִמְלַךְ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד פְּרִידָה אַחַת, וְיַקְרִיבֶנָּה לְמַעְלָן, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא שְׁתַּיִם. פֵּרְשָׁה נִדְרָהּ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד שָׁלשׁ פְּרִידִים, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא אַרְבַּע. קָבְעָה נִדְרָהּ, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד חָמֵשׁ פְּרִידִים, מִמִּין אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין, תָּבִיא שֵׁשׁ. נְתָנָתַם לַכֹּהֵן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מַה נָּתְנָה, הָלַךְ הַכֹּהֵן וְעָשָׂה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מֶה עָשָׂה, צְרִיכָה לְהָבִיא עוֹד אַרְבַּע פְּרִידִים לְנִדְרָהּ, וּשְׁתַּיִם לְחוֹבָתָהּ, וְחַטָּאת אֶחָת. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי חַטָּאוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, זֶה הוּא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, כְּשֶׁהוּא חַי קוֹלוֹ אֶחָד, וּכְשֶׁהוּא מֵת קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה. כֵּיצַד קוֹלוֹ שִׁבְעָה. שְׁתֵּי קַרְנָיו, שְׁתֵּי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת. שְׁתֵּי שׁוֹקָיו, שְׁנֵי חֲלִילִין. עוֹרוֹ, לְתֹף. מֵעָיו, לִנְבָלִים. בְּנֵי מֵעָיו, לְכִנּוֹרוֹת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, אַף צַמְרוֹ לִתְכֵלֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עֲקַשְׁיָא אוֹמֵר, זִקְנֵי עַם הָאָרֶץ, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁמַּזְקִינִין, דַּעְתָּן מִטָּרֶפֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב יב), מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים וְטַעַם זְקֵנִים יִקָּח. אֲבָל זִקְנֵי תוֹרָה אֵינָן כֵן, אֶלָּא כָל זְמַן שֶׁמַּזְקִינִין, דַּעְתָּן מִתְיַשֶּׁבֶת עֲלֵיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), בִּישִׁישִׁים חָכְמָה וְאֹרֶךְ יָמִים תְּבוּנָה: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה קינים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Temurah/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Temurah/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcbc8f7d6b853b67a492d0778a29f63065e92d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Mishnah Temurah/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Temurah",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Temurah",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Everyone substitutes a non-sacred animal for a consecrated animal, both men and women. That is not to say that it is permitted for a person to effect substitution; rather, it means that if one substituted a non-sacred animal for a consecrated animal, the substitution takes effect, and the non-sacred animal becomes consecrated, and the consecrated animal remains sacred. And the one who substituted the non-sacred animal incurs the forty [sofeg et ha’arba’im] lashes. The priests substitute for their own offerings and Israelites substitute for their own offerings. The priests substitute neither for a sin offering, nor for a guilt offering, nor for a firstborn offering that they received from an Israelite, as those animals are not their property, and one does not substitute an animal that is not his. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri said: For what reason can priests not substitute for a firstborn offering that they received from an Israelite? Does it not belong to them? Rabbi Akiva said to him: A sin offering and a guilt offering are a gift to the priest, and the firstborn offering is likewise a gift to the priest. Just as in the cases of a sin offering and a guilt offering, priests that receive one of them from an Israelite cannot substitute for it, so too with regard to a firstborn offering, priests that receive it from an Israelite cannot substitute for it. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri said: What is this comparison for him? If a priest does not substitute for a sin offering and a guilt offering, which priests do not acquire during the animals’ lifetimes, will you say the same with regard to a firstborn, which priests do acquire during the animal’s lifetime? Rabbi Akiva said to him: But isn’t it already stated: “Then both it and its substitute shall be sacred” (Leviticus 27:10), which juxtaposes the consecration of the consecrated animal with that of its non-sacred substitute? Where is the consecrated animal imbued with sanctity? It is in the house of the owner. So too, the substitute animal is consecrated in the house of the owner. Therefore, the priest cannot substitute for the firstborn that he received because he is not the owner that initially consecrated it. It is written: “He shall neither exchange it, nor substitute it, good for bad, or bad for good; and if he substitutes an animal for an animal, then both it and its substitute shall be sacred” (Leviticus 27:10). The mishna enumerates the consecrated and non-sacred animals this verse applies to. ",
+ "One substitutes for consecrated animals from the flock of sheep or goats, and the sanctity takes effect upon animals from the herd of cattle, and one substitutes from the herd and the sanctity takes effect upon animals from the flock. And one substitutes from the sheep and the sanctity takes effect upon the goats, and from the goats upon the sheep; and from the males upon the females, and from the females upon the males; and from the unblemished animals upon the blemished animals, and from the blemished animals upon the unblemished animals. The source for this is as it is stated: “He shall neither exchange it, nor substitute it, good for bad, or bad for good” (Leviticus 27:10). And which is the case of good for bad where the substitution takes effect? It is a case where one substitutes for blemished animals whose consecration preceded their blemish. But if an animal was consecrated after it was blemished, substitution for it does not take effect. One substitutes one non-sacred animal for two consecrated animals and two non-sacred animals for one consecrated animal, and one substitutes one non-sacred animal for one hundred consecrated animals and one hundred non-sacred animals for one consecrated animal. Rabbi Shimon says: One substitutes only one non-sacred animal for one consecrated animal, as it is stated: “Then both it and its substitute shall be sacred” (Leviticus 27:10). Just as “it” indicates one specific animal, so too, its substitute can be only one specific animal.",
+ "One does not substitute non-sacred limbs for consecrated fetuses, i.e., if one says that a certain limb of a non-sacred animal is substituted for a fetus in the womb of a consecrated animal, it is not consecrated. And likewise, one does not substitute non-sacred fetuses for consecrated limbs. And one substitutes neither non-sacred limbs nor fetuses for whole consecrated animals nor non-sacred whole animals for consecrated limbs or fetuses. Rabbi Yosei says: One substitutes non-sacred limbs for whole consecrated animals, but not whole animals for consecrated limbs. Rabbi Yosei said: But isn’t it so with regard to sacrificial animals, that if one says: The hind leg of this animal is a burnt offering, the entire animal is a burnt offering? So too, when he says: The non-sacred hind leg of this animal is in exchange for that animal, the entire animal is a substitute in exchange for it.",
+ "If teruma, the portion of the produce designated for the priest, was intermingled with non-sacred produce, and it is impossible to distinguish between them, if the ratio of non-sacred produce to teruma was less than one hundred to one, the teruma is not nullified and all the produce is forbidden to those for whom teruma is forbidden. If the mixture was then intermingled with other non-sacred produce, that mixture renders it a mixture of teruma only according to the calculation of the percentage of the original teruma produce in the entire mixture. And dough that was leavened with a teruma leavening agent is forbidden to those for whom teruma is forbidden even if the ratio between the non-sacred and the teruma is greater than one hundred to one. If a portion of that dough was intermingled with non-sacred dough, it leavens only according to the calculation of the percentage of the original leavening agent in the entire dough, and the second dough is forbidden only if the quantity of the original teruma leavening agent inside it is sufficient to leaven it. And if three log of drawn water were poured into a ritual bath with less than forty se’a to complete the requisite forty se’a, the ritual bath is invalidated. But drawn water invalidates the ritual bath only according to calculation, as explained in the Gemara.",
+ "And the water of purification of the red heifer becomes water of purification only with the placement of the ashes into the water, but not by placement of water onto the ashes. And one beit haperas does not create another beit haperas. The Sages decreed ritual impurity on a field in which a grave was plowed, scattering the bones throughout the field. This field is called a beit haperas. That impurity extends to the area of one hundred cubits surrounding the grave. Nevertheless, they did not decree impurity on the second field if one plowed from that field into another field. And there is no teruma after teruma. Once one designates produce from his crop as teruma, if he then designates additional produce from that crop as teruma, it is not teruma. And a substitute animal that was consecrated when it was substituted for a consecrated animal does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute; rather, it remains non-sacred. And the offspring born of a consecrated animal that was not consecrated itself does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute. Rabbi Yehuda says: The offspring renders a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute. The Sages said to him: A consecrated animal renders a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute, but the offspring does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute.",
+ "The birds sacrificed as offerings, i.e., doves and pigeons, and the meal offerings do not render non-sacred items exchanged for them substitutes, as only the term “an animal” is stated with regard to substitution, in the verse: “And if he substitutes an animal for an animal” (Leviticus 27:10). A consecrated animal belonging to the community or to partners does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute, as it is stated in the same verse: “He shall neither exchange it nor substitute it.” One derives from the singular pronoun in the verse that an individual renders a non-sacred animal a substitute, but the community and partners do not render a non-sacred animal a substitute. Items consecrated for Temple maintenance do not render non-sacred items exchanged for them substitutes. Rabbi Shimon said: The fact that animals belonging to the community or partners do not render animals exchanged for them substitutes is derived as follows: The animal tithe was included in the category of all offerings, and why was it singled out in the verse: “And all the tithe of the herd or the flock, whatever passes under the rod, the tenth shall be sacred unto the Lord. He shall not inquire whether it is good or bad, neither shall he substitute for it; and if he substitutes it, then both it and that for which it is substituted shall be sacred” (Leviticus 27:32–33)? Rabbi Shimon explains: It was singled out to juxtapose substitution to the animal tithe, to tell you: Just as the animal tithe is brought exclusively as an individual offering, so too, all offerings that render their substitutes sacred are individual offerings, excluding communal offerings and the offerings of partners from the halakha of substitution. And just as the animal tithe is an offering sacrificed on the altar, so too, all offerings that render their substitutes sacred are offerings sacrificed on the altar, excluding items consecrated for Temple maintenance from the halakha of substitution."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are halakhot in effect with regard to offerings of an individual that are not in effect with regard to communal offerings; and there are halakhot in effect with regard to communal offerings that are not in effect with regard to offerings of an individual. The mishna elaborates: There are halakhot in effect with regard to offerings of an individual that are not in effect with regard to communal offerings, as offerings of an individual render a non-sacred animal exchanged for the offering a substitute, and communal offerings do not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for the offering a substitute. Offerings of an individual apply to, i.e., can be brought from, both males and females, but communal offerings apply only to males. If offerings of an individual were not brought at the appropriate time, one is obligated to bring their compensation and compensation for their accompanying meal offering and libations at a later date, but if communal offerings were not brought at the appropriate time, one is obligated to bring neither their compensation nor compensation for their accompanying meal offering and libations at a later date. But one is obligated to bring compensation for their accompanying meal offering and libations once the offering is sacrificed. There are halakhot in effect with regard to communal offerings that are not in effect with regard to offerings of an individual, as communal offerings override Shabbat, in that they are sacrificed on Shabbat, and they override ritual impurity, i.e., they are sacrificed even if the priests are impure with impurity imparted by a corpse; and offerings of an individual override neither Shabbat nor ritual impurity. Rabbi Meir said: But aren’t the High Priest’s griddle-cake offerings and the bull of Yom Kippur offerings of an individual, and yet they override Shabbat and ritual impurity. Rather, this is the principle: Any offering, individual or communal, whose time is fixed overrides Shabbat and ritual impurity, whereas any offering, individual or communal, whose time is not fixed overrides neither Shabbat nor ritual impurity.",
+ "There is a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai that there are five sin offerings that are unfit for sacrifice on the altar and have no remedy and are therefore left to die. They are: The offspring of a sin offering; the substitute for a sin offering; a sin offering whose owner died; a sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering, when the original sin offering was lost or stolen and later recovered; and a sin offering whose year has passed. The mishna continues the discussion of the distinction between individual and communal offerings. An individual sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering after it was lost is left to die, but in the case of a communal sin offering it is not left to die. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even a communal sin offering shall be left to die. Rabbi Shimon says: Just as we found with regard to the offspring of a sin offering, and with regard to the substitute for a sin offering, and with regard to a sin offering whose owner died, that these matters apply to an individual sin offering and not to a communal sin offering, so too, in the cases of a sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering, and a sin offering whose first year has passed, the matters are stated with regard to an individual sin offering, and not with regard to a communal sin offering.",
+ "There is greater stringency with regard to sacrificial animals than there is with regard to a substitute, and greater stringency with regard to a substitute than there is with regard to sacrificial animals. The Mishna explains: There is greater stringency with regard to sacrificial animals than there is with regard to a substitute, as sacrificial animals render a non-sacred animal exchanged for them a substitute, but a substitute does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute. Furthermore, the community and the partners consecrate animals as offerings, but they do not substitute non-sacred animals for their offerings. And one consecrates fetuses in utero and one can consecrate an animal’s limbs, but one cannot substitute non-sacred animals for them. There is greater stringency with regard to a substitute than there is with regard to sacrificial animals, as, if one substituted a non-sacred blemished animal for an unblemished sacrificial animal, then the animal with a permanent blemish is imbued with inherent sanctity, which is not the case with regard to consecration. And in addition, those blemished animals consecrated through substitution do not emerge from their consecrated status to assume non-sacred status by means of redemption, in terms of it being permitted to shear its wool and to perform labor with it. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says that there is an additional stringency that applies to substitution but not to consecration: The Torah rendered the status of one who acts unwittingly like that of one who acts intentionally with regard to substitution, as in both cases the substitute is consecrated. But it did not render the status of one who acts unwittingly like that of one who acts intentionally with regard to consecrated items, since unwitting consecration is ineffective. Rabbi Elazar says: An animal crossbred from diverse kinds, and a tereifa, and an animal born by caesarean section, and a tumtum animal, and a hermaphrodite animal are not sacred through consecration, and if they were sacred beforehand, e.g., one consecrated an animal and it subsequently became a tereifa, they do not sanctify non-sacred animals by means of substitution."
+ ],
+ [
+ "These are the sacrificial animals for which the halakhic status of their offspring and substitutes is like their own halakhic status: The offspring of peace offerings, and their substitute animals, and even the offspring of their offspring or their substitute animals, and even the offspring of their offspring, until the end of all time [ad sof kol ha’olam]. They are all endowed with the sanctity and halakhic status of peace offerings, and therefore they require placing hands on the head of the animal, and libations, and the waving of the breast and the thigh in order to give them to the priest. Although the previous mishna stated plainly that the offspring of a peace offering is itself sacrificed as a peace offering, its status is actually subject to a dispute between the tanna’im. Rabbi Eliezer says: The offspring of a peace offering is not sacrificed on the altar as a peace offering; rather it is sequestered and left to die. And the Rabbis say: It is sacrificed as a peace offering. Rabbi Shimon said: Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis do not disagree with regard to the status of the offspring of the offspring of a peace offering or with regard to the status of the offspring of the offspring of the substitute of a peace offering. In those cases, they all agree that the animal is not sacrificed on the altar as a peace offering. With regard to what case do they disagree? They disagree about the case of the offspring of a peace offering itself. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is not sacrificed as a peace offering, whereas the Rabbis say: It is sacrificed. Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Pappeyas testified about the offspring of a peace offering that it is sacrificed as a peace offering. Rabbi Pappeyas said: I testify that we ourselves had a cow that was a peace offering, and we ate it on Passover, and we ate its offspring as a peace offering on a different Festival.",
+ "The offspring of a thanks offering and the substitute of a thanks offering, and the offspring of the offspring and its substitute, and the offspring of their offspring until the end of all time, they are all like thanks offerings, with the only difference being that they do not require the accompanying loaves, unlike the thanks offering itself. With regard to the substitute of a burnt offering, the offspring of the substitute, e.g., if one substituted a female animal for a burnt offering, and it gave birth to a male, and the offspring of the offspring of its offspring until the end of all time, they are all like burnt offerings and therefore they require flaying and cutting into pieces and must be burned completely in the fire. ",
+ "In the case of one who designates a female animal as a burnt offering, which may be brought only from males, and that female gave birth to a male, although it is a male, it is left to graze until it becomes unfit [sheyista’ev] and then it is sold, and he brings a burnt offering with the money received for its sale. Rabbi Elazar says: The male offspring itself is sacrificed as a burnt offering. In the case of one who designates a female animal for a guilt offering, which may be brought only from males, it is left to graze until it becomes blemished and then it is sold, and he brings a guilt offering with the money received for its sale. And if in the interim, he designated a male animal and his guilt offering was already sacrificed, so that a guilt offering is no longer needed, the money received for the sale of the blemished female is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Shimon says: Since a female is unfit to be sacrificed as a guilt offering, its halakhic status is like that of a blemished animal in the sense that it does not become inherently sacred; rather, its value alone becomes sacred. Therefore, it may be sold without a blemish, and a guilt offering is purchased with the money received for its sale. With regard to the substitute of a guilt offering, the offspring of that substitute, their offspring and the offspring of their offspring, until the end of all time, they are all left to graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are not left to graze; rather they are left to die. And Rabbi Elazar says: Communal gift offerings are not purchased with the money from the sale; rather, the owner should bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale. These tanna’im similarly disagree about the following case: A guilt offering whose owner died, and a guilt offering that was lost and its owner gained atonement with another animal, graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are left to die. Rabbi Elazar says: The owner must bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale. ",
+ "The mishna objects: But even according to the Rabbis, isn’t a gift offering also a burnt offering? And what then is the difference between the statement of Rabbi Elazar and the statement of the Rabbis? Rather, the Rabbis are referring to a communal burnt offering and Rabbi Elazar is referring to an individual burnt offering, and there are several differences between these two offerings: When the animal comes as an individual burnt offering, the owner places his hands upon it and brings the accompanying meal offering and libations, and its libations come from his own property. If the owner of the animal was a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are his. And when it is a communal gift offering, the owner of the animal that was sold does not place his hands upon it, as there is no placing of hands for communal offerings, and he does not bring its libations; rather, its libations are brought from the property of the community. Furthermore, although the owner of the animal that was sold is a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are divided among the members of the priestly watch serving in the Temple that week. ",
+ "With regard to the substitute of a firstborn offering and the substitute of an animal tithe offering, and the offspring of those substitutes and the offspring of their offspring until the end of time, the halakhic status of these animals is like that of a firstborn offering and like that of an animal tithe offering in that they must be treated with sanctity: They graze until they become blemished, and at that point they may be eaten in their blemished state, the substitute of the firstborn by the priests and the substitute of the animal tithe by their owners. They are not sacrificed upon the altar like the original firstborn and animal tithe offerings. What is the practical difference between a firstborn offering and an animal tithe offering and all the other sacrificial animals? The difference is that all the other sacrificial animals that were blemished and redeemed are sold in the butchers’ market [ba’itliz], and slaughtered in the butchers’ market, and weighed and sold by the litra, in the manner that non-sacred meat is slaughtered and sold. This is the case with regard to all consecrated animals except for the firstborn and animal tithe offerings, which are sold only from the home and not by the litra. And in addition, all sacrificial animals that became blemished are subject to redemption through sale, at which point the money becomes sacred and the animal becomes non-sacred, and their substitutes are also subject to redemption through sale.This is true for all consecrated animals, except for the firstborn and animal tithe offerings, which are not subject to redemption. And all sacrificial animals come to be sacrificed in the Temple even from outside of Eretz Yisrael, except for the firstborn and animal tithe offerings, which should not be brought from outside Eretz Yisrael ab initio. But if they came unblemished, they are sacrificed in the Temple like a regular firstborn or animal tithe offering coming from Eretz Yisrael; and if they are blemished animals, they may be eaten in their blemished state, the firstborns by the priests and the animal tithes by their owners. Rabbi Shimon says: What is the reason for this last difference between them? It is that the firstborn and animal tithe offerings have a remedy in their place outside Eretz Yisrael, as they can graze until they become blemished and then can be eaten there. It is not necessary to bring them to Eretz Yisrael in order to eat them. But with regard to all other sacrificial animals, even if a blemish develops in them, these animals remain in their sanctity, and one must redeem them and bring another offering with the money of their redemption. Therefore, when they are unblemished it is proper to bring these animals themselves to Eretz Yisrael."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The offspring of a sin offering and the substitute for a sin offering, and a sin offering whose owner has died shall be sequestered and left to die. And with regard to a sin offering that is unfit for sacrifice because its first year from birth has passed, and a sin offering that was lost and when it was found, it was blemished, if it was after the owner achieved atonement through sacrifice of another animal as a sin offering, the blemished animal shall die, and it does not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute. Furthermore, one may not derive benefit from any of these sin offerings ab initio, but if one derived benefit from them, after the fact, he is not liable to bring a sin offering for misuse of consecrated items. And if the lost animal was found and discovered to be unfit before the owner achieved atonement for his sin with a different animal, it shall graze until it becomes blemished, and then it shall be sold. And he must bring another sin offering with the money received from the sale. And this animal renders a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute, and one who derives benefit from this animal is liable for misusing it.",
+ "In the case of one who designates a sin offering, and the animal was lost, and he designated another in its stead and sacrificed it, and thereafter the first animal was found; that is a sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another animal, and it shall be left to die. In the case of one who designates money for purchase of his sin offering, and the money was lost,and he designated an animal as a sin offering in its stead, and he sacrificed it, and thereafter, the money was found, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the money, as the money attains the halakhic status of the sin offering that was to be purchased with it, and that sin offering would be left to die because the owner achieved atonement with another animal. Therefore, he must take the money and cast it into the Dead Sea, from where it cannot be recovered.",
+ "In the case of one who designates money for purchase of his sin offering, and the money was lost, and he designated other money in its stead, and he did not manage to purchase a sin offering with that money before the original money was found, he should bring a sin offering from a combination of this original money and that money designated in its stead, and the remainder shall be allocated for communal gift offerings. In the case of one who designates money for purchase of his sin offering, and the money was lost, and he designated an animal as a sin offering in its stead, and he did not manage to sacrifice the animal before the money was found, and the animal that he designated as a sin offering is blemished, the animal shall be sold; and he brings a sin offering from a combination of this original money and that money received for the sale of the blemished animal, and the remainder shall be allocated for communal gift offerings. In the case of one who designates a sin offering and the animal was lost, and he designated money in its stead, and he did not manage to purchase a sin offering with that money before his sin offering was found, and the animal is blemished, the animal shall be sold; and he brings a sin offering from a combination of this money that he designated and that money received for the sale of the blemished animal, and the remainder shall be allocated for communal gift offerings. In the case of one who designates his sin offering and the animal was lost, and he designated another animal in its stead, and he did not manage to sacrifice the sin offering before the first sin offering was found, and both of the animals are blemished, the animals shall be sold; and he brings a sin offering from a third animal that he buys with a combination of the money from the sale of this animal and from the sale of that animal, and the remainder shall be allocated for communal gift offerings. In the case of one who designates his sin offering and the animal was lost, and he designated another animal in its stead, and he did not manage to sacrifice the sin offering before the first sin offering was found, and both of the animals are unblemished and fit for sacrifice, one of them shall be sacrificed as a sin offering and the other shall be left to die; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. And the Rabbis say: A sin offering is not left to die unless it was found after its owner achieved atonement; and the money is not taken to the Dead Sea unless it was found after its owner achieved atonement.",
+ "In the case of one who designates a sin offering and the animal is blemished, he sells the animal and must bring another sin offering with the money received in its sale. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, says: If the second animal is sacrificed before the first is slaughtered for non-sacred consumption, the first animal shall be left to die. Although it was sold and rendered non-sacred, its status is now that of a sin offering whose owner already achieved atonement with another animal."
+ ],
+ [
+ "How may one employ artifice to circumvent the obligation to give the firstborn to the priest and utilize the animal for a different offering that he is obligated to bring? The owner approaches an animal that is going to give birth to its firstborn while that animal was still pregnant, and says: That which is in the womb of this animal, if it is male, is designated as a burnt offering. In that case, if the animal gave birth to a male, it will be sacrificed as a burnt offering. And in a case where he says: If it is female, it is designated as a peace offering, if the animal gave birth to a female, it will be sacrificed as a peace offering. In a case where the owner says: If it is male it is designated as a burnt offering, and if it is female it is designated as a peace offering, and the animal gave birth to a male and a female, the male will be sacrificed as a burnt offering and the female will be sacrificed as a peace offering. ",
+ "If the animal gave birth to two males, one of them will be sacrificed as a burnt offering and the second will be sold to those obligated to bring a burnt offering, who will sacrifice it as a burnt offering; and the money received from its sale is non-sacred. If the animal gave birth to two females, one of them will be sacrificed as a peace offering and the second will be sold to those obligated to bring a peace offering, who will sacrifice it as a peace offering, and the money received from its sale is non-sacred. If the animal gave birth to a tumtum, whose gender is unknown, or a hermaphrodite, which has both male and female sexual organs, both of which are unfit for sacrifice, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: They are not imbued with sanctity. ",
+ "One who says: The offspring of this non-sacred animal is a burnt offering and the animal itself is a peace offering, his statement stands, i.e., is effective. If he says: The animal itself is a peace offering and its offspring is a burnt offering, then since consecration of the mother preceded consecration of the offspring, it is the offspring of a peace offering, whose halakhic status is that of a peace offering; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei said: If that was his intent from the outset, to designate the offspring as a burnt offering when he designated the mother as a peace offering, then since it is impossible to call it by two designations simultaneously, his statement stands, and the mother is a peace offering and the offspring a burnt offering. And if it was only after he said: This animal is hereby a peace offering, that he reconsidered and said: Its offspring is a burnt offering, that offspring is a peace offering, as before he reconsidered, the offspring had already assumed the status of the offspring of a peace offering. ",
+ "If one had two animals standing before him, one a burnt offering and the other a peace offering, and he said with regard to a third, non-sacred animal: This animal is hereby the substitute of the burnt offering, the substitute of the peace offering, that animal is the substitute of the burnt offering. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Once he designated it as the substitute of the burnt offering, his initial statement takes effect and the animal assumes the sanctity of the burnt offering. Rabbi Yosei said: If that was his intent from the outset, when he said that the animal is the substitute of the burnt offering, to state that the animal is also the substitute of the peace offering, then since it is impossible to call two designations simultaneously, i.e., one must first say one designation and then the other, his statement stands, and the animal is half a burnt offering and half a peace offering. And if it was only after he said: This animal is hereby the substitute of the burnt offering, that he reconsidered and said: The substitute of the peace offering, that entire animal is the substitute of the burnt offering. ",
+ "This mishna discusses the language that serves to effect substitution. If one said: This non-sacred animal is hereby in place of that consecrated animal, or if he said: It is the substitute of that consecrated animal, or if one said: It is the exchange for that consecrated animal, that non-sacred animal is a substitute. If he said: This consecrated animal is desacralized, with its sanctity transferred to that non-sacred animal, that non-sacred animal is not a substitute. And if the consecrated animal was blemished, and he said: This consecrated animal is desacralized, with its sanctity transferred to that non-sacred animal, the consecrated animal is desacralized and assumes non-sacred status, by Torah law. By rabbinic law, the owner is required to conduct an appraisal to ascertain the relative value of the two animals. If the consecrated animal was worth more than the non-sacred animal, he must pay the difference to the Temple treasury.",
+ "If one said: This non-sacred animal is hereby in place of a burnt offering, or: It is in place of a sin offering, he has said nothing, as he did not say that it was in place of a specific offering. If he said: It is in place of this sin offering, or: It is in place of this burnt offering, or if he said: It is in place of a sin offering that I have in the house, or: It is in place of a burnt offering that I have in the house, and he had that offering in his house, his statement stands, i.e., is effective. If he said with regard to a non-kosher animal and with regard to a blemished animal: These animals are hereby designated as a burnt offering, he has said nothing. If he said: These animals are hereby designated for a burnt offering, the animals should be sold, and he brings a burnt offering purchased with the money received from their sale."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to all animals whose sacrifice on the altar is prohibited, if they are intermingled with animals whose sacrifice is permitted, they prohibit the entire mixture of animals in any amount, regardless of the ratio of permitted to prohibited animals. These are the animals whose sacrifice is prohibited: An animal that copulated with a person, and an animal that was the object of bestiality, and the set-aside, and one that was worshipped, and an animal that was given as payment to a prostitute or as the price of a dog, or an animal crossbred from a mixture of diverse kinds, or an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [tereifa], or an animal born by caesarean section. Which is the animal that is set-aside? It is an animal that is set aside for idol worship. The animal itself is prohibited, but that which is upon it, e.g., its jewelry and garments, is permitted to be sold in order to purchase an animal to be sacrificed. And which is the animal that was worshipped? It is any animal that a person worships as an object of idol worship. In this case, the sacrifice of both the animal itself and an animal purchased using the money from the sale of that which is upon it is prohibited. And the consumption of both this, the animal designated for idol worship, and that, the animal worshipped, is permitted.",
+ "And which is the case of an animal used as payment to a prostitute, which is prohibited as a sacrifice? It is the case of one who says to a prostitute: Here is this lamb as your fee. Even if they were one hundred lambs that he gave her, all of them are considered as payment to a prostitute and are prohibited. And likewise, in the case of one who says to another: Here is this lamb and in return your maidservant will lie with my slave and engage in intercourse with him, Rabbi Meir says: Its halakhic status is not that of payment to a prostitute, and the Rabbis say: Its halakhic status is that of payment to a prostitute.",
+ "And which is the case where an animal has the halakhic status of the price of a dog, and it is therefore prohibited to sacrifice the animal on the altar? It is the case of one who says to another: Here is this lamb in place of a dog. And likewise, this prohibition applies in the case of two partners who divided their common property, which included nineteen lambs and one dog, and one took ten lambs and the other one took nine lambs and a dog. Sacrifice of the ten lambs taken by the partner in exchange for the nine lambs and the dog is prohibited, and sacrifice of the nine lambs that were taken by the partner with the dog is permitted. With regard to lambs given as payment to another for engaging in intercourse with his dog, or as the price of a prostitute to purchase her as his maidservant, their sacrifice is permitted, as it is stated: “As both of them are an abomination to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 23:19), from which it is inferred: Two are prohibited, payment to a prostitute and the price of a dog, and not four, i.e., the additional two cases of payment for intercourse with a dog and the price of a prostitute, which are permitted. Furthermore, with regard to the two prohibited cases of payment to a prostitute and the price of a dog, sacrifice of their offspring is permitted, as it is stated “them,” and not their offspring.",
+ "If one gave money to a prostitute as her payment, it is permitted to purchase an offering with that money, as the money itself is not sacrificed. If he paid her with wine, or oil, or flour, or any other item the like of which is sacrificed on the altar, sacrifice of those items is prohibited. If he gave her consecrated items for her services, their sacrifice is permitted. Since they were already consecrated, they do not belong to him, and one cannot prohibit an item that is not his. If he paid her with non-sacred birds, their sacrifice is prohibited. The mishna elaborates: As, by right, it should be inferred a fortiori: If in the case of consecrated items, which a blemish disqualifies, the prohibition of payment to a prostitute and the price of a dog do not take effect with regard to them; with regard to a bird, which a blemish does not disqualify, is it not right that the prohibition of payment to a prostitute and the price of a dog should not take effect with regard to them? Therefore, the verse states: “You shall not bring the payment of a prostitute, or the price of a dog, into the House of the Lord your God for any vow” (Deuteronomy 23:19). This serves to include the bird in the prohibition.",
+ "The mishna adds a principle: With regard to all animals whose sacrifice on the altar is prohibited, sacrifice of their offspring is permitted. Rabbi Eliezer says: The offspring of an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [tereifa]shall not be sacrificed on the altar. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigonus says: A kosher animal that suckled from a tereifa is disqualified from sacrifice on the altar. With regard to all sacrificial animals that became tereifot, one may not redeem them and render them non-sacred, as their consumption is forbidden and one does not redeem sacrificial animals to feed them to dogs, as this is considered a degradation of sacrificial animals."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are elements that apply to animals consecrated for the altar that do not apply to items consecrated for Temple maintenance, and there are elements that apply to items consecrated for Temple maintenance that do not apply to animals consecrated for the altar. One element exclusive to animals consecrated for the altar is that animals consecrated for the altar render an animal exchanged for them a substitute, and items consecrated for Temple maintenance do not render an animal exchanged for them a substitute. In addition, if one slaughters an animal consecrated for the altar with the intention to eat it beyond its designated time, or if he ate the offering after its designated time, or if he ate the offering while ritually impure, he is liable to receive karet for eating it due to violation of the prohibitions of piggul, notar, and eating while ritually impure, respectively. If animals consecrated for the altar became pregnant and then became blemished and gave birth after redemption, their offspring and their milk are forbidden after their redemption. And one who slaughters them outside the Temple courtyard is liable to receive karet. And the Temple treasurer does not give compensation to craftsmen from money designated for purchasing animals consecrated for the altar. And in all these instances, that is not so with regard to money consecrated for Temple maintenance.",
+ "There are elements that apply to items consecrated for Temple maintenance that do not apply to animals consecrated for the altar, in that unspecified consecrations are designated for Temple maintenance; consecration for Temple maintenance takes effect on all items; and one is liable to bring a guilt offering and pay an additional payment of one-fifth for misuse of consecrated property, not only for the items themselves, but for their by-products, e.g., milk of a consecrated animal or eggs of a consecrated chicken; and there is no benefit for the owner from items consecrated for Temple maintenance, in contrast to some animals consecrated for the altar, e.g., a peace offering, from which there is benefit for the owner.",
+ "While the previous mishna enumerated differences between consecration for the altar and consecration for Temple maintenance, this mishna enumerates halakhot that apply to both. With regard to both animals consecrated for the altar and items consecrated for Temple maintenance, one may not alter their designation from one form of sanctity to another form of sanctity. But one may consecrate animals already consecrated for the altar by a consecration of their value, and that value is donated to the Temple treasury for maintenance. And one may dedicate them for the purpose of giving their value to the priests. And if animals consecrated either for the altar or for Temple maintenance died, they must be buried. Rabbi Shimon says: Although that is the halakha with regard to animals consecrated for the altar, if animals consecrated for Temple maintenance died, they can be redeemed.",
+ "And these are the items that are buried from which deriving benefit is forbidden: In the case of a sacrificial animal that miscarried, the fetus shall be buried. If the animal miscarried a placenta, the placenta shall be buried. And the same halakha applies to an ox that is stoned for killing a person; and a heifer whose neck is broken when a corpse is found between two cities and the killer is unknown; and the birds brought by a leper for purification; and the hair of a nazirite who became ritually impure, who shaves his head before beginning a new term of naziriteship. And the same halakha applies to the firstborn of a donkey that, if it is not redeemed with a sheep, has its neck broken; and a forbidden mixture of meat cooked in milk; and non-sacred animals that were slaughtered in the Temple courtyard. Rabbi Shimon says: Non-sacred animals that were slaughtered in the Temple courtyard shall be burned, like sacrificial animals that were disqualified in the courtyard. And likewise, an undomesticated animal that was slaughtered in the Temple courtyard, although it is not similar to the animals sacrificed in the Temple, shall be burned by rabbinic decree.",
+ "And these are the items that are burned: Leavened bread on Passover shall be burned. And the same halakha applies to ritually impure teruma. And with regard to the fruit that grows on a tree during the three years after it was planted [orla], and diverse kinds of food crops sown in a vineyard, those items whose appropriate manner of destruction is to be burned, e.g., foods, shall be burned; and those items whose appropriate manner of destruction is to be buried, e.g., liquids, shall be buried. And one may ignite a fire with bread and with oil of impure teruma, even though the priest derives benefit from that fire. ",
+ "And with regard to all sacrificial animals that were slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice or consume them beyond their designated time or outside their designated place, those animals shall be burned. With regard to a provisional guilt offering brought by one who is uncertain as to whether he committed a sin that renders him liable to bring a sin offering, if he discovers that he did not sin, the offering shall be burned, as its legal status is like that of an unfit offering. Rabbi Yehuda says: It shall be buried. A sin offering of the bird that comes due to an uncertainty, e.g., in the case of a woman who miscarried and she is uncertain whether it was a fetus, shall be burned, as it may not be eaten due to the uncertainty and because the nape of its neck was pinched and it was not slaughtered. Rabbi Yehuda says: One should cast it into the Temple courtyard drain, as the young bird will decompose and be drawn into the stream outside the Temple. The principle is: All items that are buried shall not be burned, and all items that are burned shall not be buried. Rabbi Yehuda says: If one wished to impose a stringency upon himself by burning items that are to be buried, he is permitted to burn them. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: One is not permitted to change the method of destruction, as this could lead to a leniency, since it is permitted to derive benefit from the ashes of items that require burning, whereas it is not permitted to derive benefit from the ashes of items that require burial."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה תמורה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Kodashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
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+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/etm/index.htm",
+ "versionTitle": "Eighteen Treatises from the Mishnah",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "שמונה עשרה מסכתות משנה",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "David Aaron Sola and Morris Jacob Raphall, 1845",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "One who brings a bill of divorce from overseas must say, \"[This document] was written and signed in my presence.\" Rabban Gamliel says, \"[This statement must be made] even [when it was brought] from Rekem and Cheger.\" Rabbi Elazar says, \"Even from Kefar Luddim to Lydda.\" And the Sages say, \"Only one who brings the bill of divorce from overseas or one who brings it there must say, 'It was written and signed in my presence.'\" And one who brings [a bill of divorce] from one province to another, in an overseas land must say, 'It was written and signed in my presence.'\" Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says, \"Even from [one] district to [another] district.\"",
+ "Rabbi Yehudah says, \"From Rekem to the East and Rekem is like the East; from Ashkelon to the South and Ashkelon is like the South; from Acco to the North and Acco is like the North.\" Rabbi Meir says, \"Acco is like Eretz Yisrael with regard to bills of divorce.\"",
+ "[With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce within Eretz Yisrael, he need not say, \"It was written and signed in my presence.\" If there are any objectors [to its validity], [its validity] must be upheld by [confirming the signatures of] its signatories. [With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce from overseas, and is not able to say, \"It was written and signed in my presence,\" [its validity] must be upheld by [confirming the signatures of] its signatories.",
+ "Both bills of divorce of women and deeds of manumission for slaves, are alike with regard to one who brings them from, or brings them to [a distant land]. And this is one of the ways in which [the laws of] bills of divorce and deeds of manumission are alike.",
+ "Any document that bears [the signature of] a Samaritan witness, is invalid, except for bills of divorce and deeds of manumission. It once happened that they brought a bill of divorce to Rabban Gamaliel in Kefar Otnai, and its [signed] witnesses were Samaritans, and he declared it valid. Any document brought to secular courts, even if their signatories are non-Jews, are valid, except for bills of divorce and deeds of manumission. Rabbi Shimon says, \"Even these are valid; [the exceptions] were mentioned only when they were prepared unofficially [i.e., outside of the official court system].",
+ "[With regard to] one who says, \"Give this bill of divorce to my wife, or this deed of manumission to my slave,\" if he wants to take both of them back, he may take them back. These are the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say, \"[That this is only allowable] with [regard to] bills of divorce for women, but not with deeds of manumission, because it we may confer an advantage upon a person in his absence, but we may not confer upon him any disadvantage, except in his presence; for, if a person wants not to feed his slave, he may do so, but not to feed his wife, he may not.\" [Rabbi Meir] said to them: \"Does he not disqualify his slave from [eating] terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household] just as he disqualifies his wife?\" [The Sages] said to him, \"It is because the slave is his acquisition.\" [With regard to] one who says, \"Give this bill of divorce to my wife, and this deed of manumission to my slave,\" and he dies [before it was delivered], they may not be delivered [to the parties mentioned] after [his] death. [If he said], \"Give a maneh [a specific unit of money] to So and so,\" and he dies, they give [the money even] after [his] death. "
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "Every bill of divorce which is not written for a particular woman is invalid. How so? If one was passing through the market and he heard the voice of the scribes saying, \"So-and-so divorces So-and-so from Such-and-such a place,\" and he said [to himself], \"That is my name and that is the name of my wife,\" it is invalid to divorce [his wife] with that [bill of divorce]. Moreover, if one wrote [a bill of divorce] with which to divorce his wife, and he changed his mind, and a fellow townsman found him and said to him, \"My name is the same as your name and my wife's name is the same as your wife's name,\" the bill of divorce is invalid [for the latter] to divorce [his wife] with it. Moreover, if one had two wives,and their names are the same, if he wrote a bill of divorce to divorce the elder, he may not use it to divorce the younger. Moreover, if one says to a scribe, \"Write a bill of divorce, so that I may divorce whichever one I desire,\" it is invalid to divorce with it. ",
+ "[With regard to] one who writes blank forms of bills of divorce must leave space [for the insertion of the name of] the husband and space [for the name of] the wife, and space for the date. In blank forms of loan contracts one must leave space for [the insertion of] the lender's [name], space for the borrower's [name], space for the [amount] of money, and space for the date. In forms of deeds of sale, one must leave space for [the insertion of the name of] the buyer and space for the seller, and space for the purchase money, space for [the description of] the field [sold], and space for the date. [This is all] due to the [special] enactment. Rabbi Yehudah disqualifies all [blank forms]. Rabbi Elazar considers them all valid, with the exception of a bill of divorce, because it is stated (Deuteronomy 24:1), \"He shall write unto her [a bill of divorce],\" [indicating] for her in particular.",
+ "[With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce and it becomes lost, if he found it immediately, it is valid; but if not, it is invalid. If he found it in a bag [for documents] or in a case, if he recognizes it, it is valid. [With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce and left [the husband when he was] elderly or ill, he may deliver it to her on the presumption that he is still alive. [With regard to] a daughter of an Israelite who was married to a Kohen and her husband went overseas, she may eat terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household] on the presumption that her husband is alive. [With regard to] one who sends his sin-offering from overseas [to the Temple], they may offer it, on the presumption that he is alive.",
+ "There were three things that Rabbi Elazar ben Partah said before the Sages, and they confirmed his words: With regard to a city that was besieged by soldiers, and with regard to a ship that was caught in [turbulent] seas, and with regard to one who is taken out to be tried [for a capital crime]; [in each case] they are presumed to be alive. However, with regard to a city that had been captured by soldiers, or a ship that was lost at sea and one who was taken out to be killed, we place upon him the stringencies of those who are alive and the stringencies of those who are dead; [neither the] a daughter of an Israelite who married a Kohen nor a daughter of a Kohen who married an Israelite may eat terumah. ",
+ "[With regard to] one who brought a bill of divorce within Eretz Yisrael, and he fell ill, he may send it in the hands of another [messenger]; however, if the husband had said, \"Bring me [back] from her a certain item,\" he may not send it with another, because [it is clear that] it is not [the husband's] will that his item will be in another's hands. ",
+ "[With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce from overseas and he fell ill, the court appoints [another messenger] and sends him. [The first messenger] must say in their presence, \"Before me it was written and before me it was signed.\" However, the second messenger does not have to say, \"Before me it was written and before me it was signed;\" rather, he says, \"I am the agent of the court.\" ",
+ "[With regard to] one who lends money to a Kohen, or to a Levite, or to a poor person, on condition that he may separate their portion[ coming to them as terumah, or tithe] from it, he may separate their portion in the presumption that they are alive and he need not suspect that the Kohen or the Levite died or that the poor man became rich. If they died [before the debt was paid] he must obtain the consent of their heirs [to make this deduction], but if he lent the money in the presence of the court this is unnecessary.",
+ "[With regard to] one who put fruit aside to separate from them terumah and tithe [due from other fruit], or money to redeem the second tithe [of his fruit], he may separate in the presumption that [the fruit or money set aside] still exists. If they were lost, he must always be concerned [retroactively from the discovery of the loss] for twenty four hours. These are the words of Rabbi Elezar ben Shamua. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"They must check the wine [for spoilage] at three periods [of the year]: when the eastern winds begin to blow after the Feast of Tabernacles, when the fruit of the grape vine has set, and when the unripe grapes begin to be juicy.\""
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "[Compensation for] damages are assessed from the highest [quality field]; and for a creditor, from the medium [quality field]; and for the payment of a ketubah [monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband], from the lowest [quality field]. Rabbi Meir says, \"Even the ketubah [is to be paid] from the medium [quality field.]\"",
+ "We do not collect[ payment] from mortgaged property [in the hands of others], when there is unmortgaged property [i.e, belonging to the debtor], even if it is from the lowest quality. We do not collect from the property of orphans except for from the lowest quality.",
+ "We do not extract [payment] for usufruct, for the improvement of the land, or for the food of a wife and daughters [of a former marriage] from mortgaged property, due to All this was ordered for the maintenance of social order, and an oath is not to be imposed on a finder for the same reason.",
+ "When the estate of orphans is administered by the father of a family, or that the father of the orphans had nominated a person as guardian to them, these persons so acting are bound to tithe the fruit belonging to the orphans. A guardian nominated by the father of the orphans, must swear to his due administration of the estate; but one appointed by the tribunal is not bound to do so. But Abbah Saul says, \"It is just the reverse.\" When a person had caused fruit belonging to another to become [legally] unclean, or mixes them with heave, or his wine with other wine used for idolatrous libations; if he did it inadvertently, he is absolved from paying for the damage he has caused; but if he did it wilfully, he is liable. Priests who wilfully render sacrifices pigul[a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to the intention of the officiating priest, while offering it, to consume it outside its permitted time], are bound to make good the damage [to the owner].",
+ "Rabbi Yochanan ben Gudgodah testified, \"That it is lawful to divorce by a bill of divorce a deaf and dumb woman, who had been given in marriage by her father; and that an Israelite [orphan] girl, who in her minority had been married to a priest, may eat heave; also, that if she dies first, her husband becomes her heir; also, that the owner of a stolen beam which was used in a large ornamental building, can only claim its present value, to facilitate the repentance of transgressors; also, that a stolen sin-offering, the theft of which was not generally known, does expiate, which was thus ordered for the benefit of the altar.\"",
+ "The right of Sicaricon did not prevail in Judea during the war, but it did afterwards; as for instance: When an Israelite bought a field from a Sicaricon [forcible intruder], and afterwards from the rightful owner, the bargain is void; but it is effective if he bought it first of the rightful owner, and then of the Sicaricon. When a person bought a field from a husband, and then of his wife, the bargain is void; but if he bought it first of the wife, and subsequently from the husband, it is effective. Such was the first decision. But a subsequent tribunal decided, that a person who bought a field from a Sicaricon must pay a fourth part of the price paid for the purchase to the rightful owner of the field. This is when it is not in the power of the latter to repurchase his field; but when that is the case, the rightful owners are to be preferred to any one. Ribi constituted a Beth Din, which decided that a field which had remained for a twelvemonth in the power of a forcible intruder [Sicaricon] may be sold to any one, but the purchaser must pay a fourth part to the former rightful owner.",
+ "A deaf and dumb person may enter into engagements by contract, by means of mutual signs [between the contracting parties]. Ben Beterah saith, \"Where the contract affects moveable property only, the mutual motion of the lips suffices.\" When children have arrived at the age of discernment, their purchase or sale of moveable property stands good.",
+ "The following ordinances were made for the sake of promoting of peace: That a Kohen should read first in the Holy Law, then a Levite, and an Israelite afterwards, for the sake of peace; the Erub must be placed in the same house in a court where it had always been put, for the sake of peace; the well nearest to the water-course must be filled first, for the sake of peace. Taking out of nets or traps belonging to other people, [any animal, bird, or fish] therein caught, was made constructive felony, in order to preserve peace. Rabbi Yose says, \"It is a real felony.\" What a deaf and dumb or foolish person or minor finds [is his own], and the taking it from him was made a constructive felony, for the preservation of peace. Rabbi Yose says, \"It is a real felony.\" It was also ordained, in the case of a poor person beating down olives from the top of a tree, that the fruit so dropped is his property, and whoever takes it from him will be considered guilty of a constructive felony. Rabbi Yose says, \"It is a real felony.\" Non-Israelite poor must not be prevented to glean in the fields of Israelites, from gathering the forgotten. [corn ears], and from the produce of the corner of the field [reserved for the poor], for the sake of peace.",
+ "One woman may lend to another who is suspected [not to observe properly the laws] of the Sabbatical year, a flour-sieve, a winnow, a handmill, and a stove, but she may not assist her to winnow or to grind. The wife of a chaver [one learned in, and observant of, the law] may lend to the wife of an unlearned person, a flour-sieve or a winnow, and may aid her to winnow, to grind, or to sift; but as soon as water is poured over the flour, she may not further assist her, for those who transgress the law are not to be aided in their transgressions. All the mentioned permissions have been granted for the sake of peace only. A heathen [who works in the fields] during the Sabbatical year may be comforted, but not an Israelite; and the former may be greeted at any time, for the sake of promoting concord."
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] one who is seized with delirium and says, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" he has said nothing [of significance]. If he said, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" and then was seized with delirium, and then said, \"Do not write it,\" his last words are meaningless. [With regard to] one who became mute, and they said to him, \"Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife?\" And he nodded his head, we check him three times; if he answers [questions to which the correct answer is] no, \"No,\" and [questions to which the correct answer is] yes, \"Yes,\" they may write a bill of divorce and give it [to his wife].",
+ "If they said to [one], \"Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife?\" and he answered, \"Write it;\" and they ordered a scribe, who wrote it, and the witnesses, who signed it, although they wrote it, signed it, and delivered it to him, and he gave it to her, the bill of divorce is nullified, until he tells the scribe [himself], \"Write,\" and the witnesses, \"Sign.\" ",
+ "[If a husband says to his wife,] \"This is your bill of divorce in case I die,\" [or,] \"This is your bill of divorce if I die of this illness,\" [or,] \"This is your bill of divorce after [my] death,\" he has said nothing[ of significance]. [If he said, \"This is your bill of divorce] from today if I die,\" [or] \"From today if I die,\" [or] \"From now if I die,\" it is a [valid] bill of divorce. [If he said,] \"From today and after [my] death\" it is a [valid] bill of divorce [in some respects] and it is not a [valid] bill of divorce [in others]: If he dies [his widow] must perform the ceremony of Chalitzah [the ceremony performed to release a widow of a childless man from the obligation of levirate marriage to her brother-in-law], but she may not be married through levirate marriage. [If he said,] \"This is your bill of divorce from today if I die of this illness,\" and he rose [from his sick bed] and went out into the market, and became ill again and died. If he died as a result of the first illness, it is a [valid] bill of divorce; if not, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce.",
+ "[After receiving such a bill of divorce], she may be alone with him only in the presence of witnesses, even be it a slave or a maidservant, except for her own maidservant, as she is overly comfortable in her [presence]. What is her [status] during that time? Rabbi Yehudah says, \"Like a married woman in every respect.\" Rabbi Yossi says, \"As one who is divorced, yet not divorced [i.e., one whose divorce is subject to doubt].\"",
+ "[If he says,] \"Here is your bill of divorce, on condition that you give me two hundred zuz [a specific unit of money],\" she is divorced, and she must give [the money]. \"On condition that you give me [a certain sum] within thirty days,\" if she gave it to him within thirty days, she is divorced; if not, she is not divorced. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said, \"There was an incident in Sidon with one who said to his wife, 'Here is your bill of divorce on condition that you give me my suit,' and she lost his suit. The Sages said, \"She may pay him the monetary [value of the suit].\"",
+ "[If one says,] \"Here is your bill of divorce , on condition that you wait on my father,\" or \"nurse my child,\" how long must she nurse it? Two years. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"Eighteen months.\" If [during that period] the child or the father should die, it is a [valid] bill of divorce. \"Here is your bill of divorce on condition that you wait on my father for two years,\" or \"on condition that you nurse my child for two years,\" and either the child or the father dies, or if the father says, without anger, \"I do not want her to serve me,\" it is not a [valid] bill of divorce. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says, This is a [valid] bill of divorce. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel stated a principle: \"[With regard to] every impediment which does come from her, it is a [valid] bill of divorce.\"",
+ "[If one says,] \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and he was traveling from Judea to the Galilee, if he reached Antipatris and returned, his condition is void. [If he said,] \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and he was traveling from the Galilee to Judea, if he reached the village Otenai and returned, his condition is void. [If he said,] \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and he was traveling overseas, if he reached Acco and returned, his condition is void. [If he said,] \"Here is your bill of divorce if at any time I should stay away from you for thirty days,\" [even] if he frequently went and returned [during that period,] it is a [valid] bill of divorce since he was never in seclusion with her.",
+ "[If one says,] \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within twelve months from now,\" and he died within the twelve months, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce. [If he said,] \"This is you bill of divorce from the present moment, if I do not return within twelve months from now\" and he died within the twelve months, it is a [valid] bill of divorce.",
+ "[If one said,] \"If I do not return within twelve months from now, write and deliver a bill of divorce to my wife,\" if they wrote it within the twelve months, but did not deliver it until after that time, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce. [If he said,] \"Write and deliver a bill of divorce to my wife if I do not return within twelve months from now;\" if they wrote it within the twelve months, and delivered it after the twelve months [were up], it is not a [valid] bill of divorce. Rabbi Yossi says, \"In this case it is a [valid] bill of divorce.\" If they wroteit after the twelve months and delivered it after the twelve months, and he died; if the [delivery of the] bill of divorce preceded the death, it is a [valid] bill of divorce, but if the death preceeded the [delivery of] bill of divorce, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce. If it is not known [which came first] she is [considered as] one who is divorced, yet not divorced [i.e., one whose divorce is subject to doubt]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] a husband who throws a bill of divorce to his wife and she is in her own house, or in her courtyard, she is divorced. If he threw it to her within his house or within his courtyard, even if it is with her in bed, she is not divorced. [If he threw it] in her lap or her basket, she is divorced.",
+ "If he said to her, \"Take this promissory note,\" or she finds [a document] behind him, and she reads it behold it is her bill of divorce, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce, until he expressly says, \"Here is your bill of divorce.\" If he put it into her hands while she is asleep, and when she awakes she reads it, and behold it is her bill of divorce, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce until he expressly says, \"Here is your bill of divorce.\" If she was standing in the public domain and he threw it to her. [If it fell] closer to her, she is divorced; closer to him, she is not divorced. Halfway [between the two], she is divorced [in some respects] and not divorced [in others], i.e., her divorce is a matter of doubt.",
+ "The same is true of betrothal, and the same is true of a debt. If one's creditor said to him, \"Throw me [the payment of] the debt due to me,\" and he threw it to him: [if it fell] closer to the lender, the borrower is exempt; closer to the borrower, the borrower is [still] liable; halfway [between the two], they split it. If [a wife] was standing on the roof, and [her husband] threw [a bill of divorce] to her, once it reaches the airspace of the roof, she is divorced. If he is above and she is below and he threw [the bill of divorce down] to her, once it leaves the [airspace] of the roof she is divorced. [At that point,] were it to be erased or burned, she is [still] divorced.",
+ "Beit Shammai say, \"One may release his wife with an old bill of divorce.\" Beit Hillel prohibit this. What is an old bill of divorce? Whenever he is in seclusion with her after he wrote it for her.",
+ "If one wrote a bill of divorce [dating it] according to an illegitimate regime, according to the Median Empire, according to the Greek Empire, according to building of the Temple, or since the destruction of the Temple; or, if one was in the East and wrote \"in the West, or in the West and wrote \"in the East,\" then [the woman who was divorced with such a document and remarried based on it] must separate from both [husbands] and she requires a bill of divorce from both, and she has no claim on either for the amount of her ketubah [monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband], for her right of usufruct, for food, and for wear and tear of clothes belonging to her. If she took [any of these] from either one, she must return it. Her child by either husband is a mamzer [the offspring of an adulterous or incestuous relationship who is prohibited from marrying much of the Jewish population]; neither of [the husbands] may, [if they are priests,] become ritually impure to her [when she dies], and neither has rights to that which she finds nor to her earnings, nor to annul her vows. If she is the daughter of an Israelite, she is disqualified from marrying a priest; if the daughter of a Levite, [she is disqualified] from eating tithe; and if a Kohen's daughter, [she is disqualified]from eating terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household]. The heirs of neither [husband] have a right to her ketubah. And if they die, the brothers of both must perform chalitzah [the ceremony performed to release a widow of a childless man from the obligation of levirate marriage] and may not perform levirate marriage. If he changed his name or her name, or the name of his city or the name of her city [on the bill of divorce], she must [in case she remarried upon such a bill of divorce ]separate from both [husbands], and she is subject to all the above-mentioned regulations.",
+ "[With regard to] all women with whom one is prohibited to engage in sexual relations, their co-wives are permitted. If these co-wives married and the [original woman] was found to be sterile, they must separate from both [husbands] and are subject to all of the above regulations.",
+ "[With regard to] one who marries a woman through levirate marriage, and her co-wife married another [man] and the first woman was found to be an aiylonit [a woman with arrested sexual development who cannot bear children], [the co-wife] must separate from both [men] and is subject to all the mentioned regulations.",
+ "If a scribe wrote a bill of divorce for the man and a receipt for the woman [acknowledging the receipt of the amount of her ketubah], and he made a mistake and gave the bill of divorce to the woman, and the receipt to the man, and they exchanged them; and later, behold the bill of divorce is produced by the man and the receipt by the woman [so that it becomes clear that a mistake was made], she must separate from both [her new husband and her original one], and is subject to all the above regulations. Rabbi Eliezer says, \"If the error is discovered in time [i.e. before she remarried], it is not a [valid] bill of divorce, but if [it is discovered] after a while, it is a [valid] bill of divorce. Because it is not in the rights [of the first husband] to destroy the claim the second husband.\" If one wrote [a bill of divorce] to divorce his wife, and changed his mind, Beit Shammai says, \"He has disqualified her from the Kehuna [priesthood].\" Beit Hillel say, \"Even if he gave it to her on condition and the condition was not met, he has not disqualified her from the Kehuna.\"",
+ "[With regard to] one who divorced his wife and spent the night with her at an inn, Beit Shammai say, \"She does not require a second bill of divorce from him.\" Beit Hillel say, \"She requires a second bill of divorce from him.\" [This difference of opinion is only] when she became divorced from marriage; but if she was divorced from betrothal, they agree that she does not require a second bill of divorce from him, because he has not yet been intimate with her. If one married a woman based on [her having received] a \"bald\" bill of divorce, she must separate from both [husbands], and is subject to all the above regulations.",
+ "[With regard to] a \"bald\" bill of divorce, everyone may complete it; these are the words of Ben Nannas. Rabbi Akiva says, \"Only relatives who are suitable to testify in other matters may complete it.\" What is a \"bald\" bill of divorce? One which has more folds than signatories."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] One who divorces his wife and says to her, \"You are permitted to marry anyone, except for So-and-so,\" Rabbi Eliezer permits, but the Sages prohibit it. How must he act? He must take it from her, and give it back to her, and he must say to her, \"You are permitted to anyone.\" But if he wrote [the exception] in [the bill of divorce], even if went back and erased it, it is invalid.",
+ "[If the husband said,] \"You are permitted to anyone, except to my father or to your father, to my brother or to your brother, to a slave or to a non-Jew,\" or to any other person with whom betrothal is invalid, it is valid. [If he said,] \"You are permitted to anyone, except as a widow to a Kohen Gadol [high priest], or as a divorced woman or one released by Chalitzah [the ceremony performed to release a widow of a childless man from the obligation of levirate marriage] to an ordinary Kohen, as a mamzeret [the female offspring of an adulterous or incestuous relationship who is prohibited from marrying much of the Jewish population] or Gibeonite to an Israelite, or as a female Israelite to a mamzer or Gibeonite,\" or to anyone with whom the betrothal is valid, despite being prohibited, it is invalid.",
+ "The [essential] body of the bill of divorce is: \"You are permitted to [marry] anyone.\" Rabbi Yehudah says, \"And this that will be yours from me a scroll of divorce and a letter of separation and a document of release, so that you may marry any man that you wish.\" The [essential] body of a document for the release of a slave is, \"You are a free woman, you are on your own.\"",
+ "There are three bills of divorce that are invalid, yet, if she remarried the child is legitimate: If he wrote [the bill of divorce] in his own hand and there are no witnesses [signed] on it; if there are [signed] witnesses but there is no date; if there is a date, but only one witness [signed] on it. These are three cases when the bill of divorce is invalid, but if she remarried, the child is legitimate. Rabbi Elazar says, \"Even if there are no witnesses [signed] on it, if he gave it to her in front of witnesses it is valid. And she may collect [debts] from mortgaged property [using this document] since witnesses [need] sign on a bill of divorce only due to Tikkun HaOlam.",
+ "If two [men] sent two equivalent bills of divorce and they got mixed up, [each one] gives both [bills of divorce] to each [woman]; therefore, if one of them gets lost, the second one is nullified. If five men wrote a general statement [in a single bill of divorce], So-and-so divorces So-and so, and So-and-so divorces So-and-so, and the witnesses are [signed] at the bottom, they are all valid, and it must be delivered to each one. If the form is written [separately] for each one and the witnesses are [signed] on the bottom, whichever [bill of divorce] has [the names of the] witnesses read with it is is valid.",
+ "[With regard to] two bills of divorce that one wrote side by side , and two witnesses sign in Hebrew under the one, and continuing under the other and two witnesses sign in Greek under the one and continuing under the other, whichever has the first witnesses read along with it is valid. If one witness signed in Hebrew and one witness in Greek [and another] one witness signed in Hebrew and one witness in Greek under one continuing under the other, they are both invalid.",
+ "If he left out part of the [bill of divorce] and he wrote it on a second page, and the witnesses are [signed] underneath, it is valid. If the witnesses signed it at the beginning of the page, on the side, or on the back, it is invalid. If one bill of divorce was written head-to head with another and the witnesses [were signed] in the middle, both are invalid. If they were foot-to-foot [i.e., the ends met in the middle], and the witnesses [were signed] in the middle, the one that the witnesses are read with it is valid. If the top of one was where the end of the other is, and the witnesses [were signed] in the middle, the one for which the witnesses are read at the end is valid.",
+ "[With regard to] a bill of divorce that was written in Hebrew and its witnesses [signed] in Greek, or was written in Greek and its witnesses [signed] in Hebrew, or one witness in Hebrew and one witness in Greek, or the scribe [also signed it with] one witness, it is valid. [If the witness signed] \"So-and-so, a witness\" it is valid. I[If he signed] \"So-and-so, son of So-and-so, but he did not write, \"a witness,\" it is valid. And thus was it customary for the pure, pious ones of Jerusalem to do. If he wrote his nickname or her nickname, it is valid. A bill of divorce given under compulsion, if [forced by]Jewish [court], it is valid; if by non-Jews, it is invalid. Among the non-Jewish [court] they may beat him and say, \"Do what the Jewish [court] is telling you,\" and that is valid.",
+ "If her name is [the subject of rumor] that goes round the town, saying, \"She is betrothed,\" she is [considered to be] betrothed; \"She is divorced,\" she is [considered to be] divorced. This is as long as there is no reasonable explanation [to dispute the rumor]. What is a reasonable explanation? [For example,] So-and-so divorced his wife on condition, or he threw her [the money of] betrothal and it was unclear whether it [landed] closer to her or closer to him, these are reasonable explanations.",
+ "Beit Shammai say, \"No man shall divorce his wife, unless he found in her unchaste behaviour, as it is stated [Deuteronomy 24:1], 'Because he found in her 'ervat davar' [unchaste behavior].'\" Beit Hillel say, \"Even if she spoiled his food, because it is said, ervat davar\". Rabbi Akivah says, \"Even if he found another [woman] prettier than her, as it is stated [ibid.] 'If it happen that she does not find favor in his eyes.'\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32f76408cfa9113126ef7f211dd9735002cab597
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "actualLanguage": "fr",
+ "languageFamilyName": "french",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Si un individu apporte d’une province d’outre-mer une lettre de divorce pour une femme mariée, il doit dire: “Cette lettre (ou cet acte) a été écrit et signé en ma présence”. Les actes d’affranchissement d’esclaves sont assimilés aux lettres de divorce. R. Gamliel dit: il en est de même de celui qui l’apporte des localités de Reqem (Petra) ou Hagar; selon R. Eliézer, il est semblable lorsqu’on l’apporte du village des Lydiens à Lod. Selon les autres sages, il est inutile de dire la formule: “cette lettre (ou cet acte) a été écrite et signée devant moi”, sauf au cas où on l’apporte d’outre-mer. De même, celui qui cherche un acte et l’apporte d’une province à l’autre, en traversant à cet effet la mer, devra formuler qu’il a été écrit et signé devant lui. Selon R. Simon b. Gamliel, c’est obligatoire même en passant d’un district hgemonia à l’autre.",
+ "R. Juda dit: on considère comme extérieur ce qui est à l’Est de Reqem, et Reqem elle-même est considérée comme à l’Est de la Terre-sainte; de même, on considère le sol situé au Sud d’Ascalon, et cette ville même fait partie du Sud extérieur, ainsi que le sol du Nord d’Acco, comme Acco même passe pour externe. Selon R. Meir, cette dernière ville est considérée comme la Palestine au point de vue des divorces.",
+ "Celui qui apporte un acte de divorce en Palestine même, n’a pas besoin de déclarer que cet acte a été écrit et signé devant lui; si des contestations s’élèvent contre l’acte, on le maintient, et l’on se rapporte aux signataires. Si quelqu’un rapporte un tel acte d’outre-mer sans pouvoir dire qu’il a été écrit et signé en sa présence, on s’en tiendra aux signataires si l’acte est attesté par des témoins (ou légalisé). Soit qu’il s’agisse du divorce, soit d’actes d’affranchissement des esclaves, la règle est exactement la même, aussi bien pour l’expédier de là que pour l’y’ apporter.",
+ "C’est un des points pour lesquels les actes du divorce égalent ceux de l’affranchissement.",
+ "Les actes contresignés par un témoin cuthéen (païen) n’ont pas de valeur, excepté les lettres de divorce, ou les actes d’affranchissement. Un fait survint devant R. Gamliel, au village d'Outhnaï on lui présenta une lettre de divorce signée par des témoins Cuthéens (païens), et il déclare que la lettre de divorce est valable (pour permettre à la femme de se remarier avec un autre). Tous les documents qui émanent de la juridiction arceion de non-juifs, lors même que les signataires seront des non-juifs, sont valables, sauf les actes de divorce, ou les contrats d’affranchissement des esclaves. Selon R. Simon, tous les actes (même de divorce, ou d‘affranchissement) sont valables, et ladite exception n’a été énoncée que si ces actes ont été rédigés par des gens incompétents, idiwtai.",
+ "Si un individu dit à un autre: “donne cette lettre de divorce à ma femme”, ou s’il lui dit: “donne cet acte d’affranchissement à mon esclave”, il peut le reprendre aussi longtemps que l’écrit n’a pas été reçu par la femme ou par l’esclave; c’est l’opinion de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs disent que l’homme peut reprendre la lettre de divorce, mais non pas l’acte d’affranchissement; car on peut faire avoir une acquisition, mais non faire contracter une dette à quelqu’un en son absence. Or, l’acte d’affranchissement est évidemment avantageux pour le maître, qui, s’il le veut, n’est plus tenu de nourrir cet esclave libéré. La lettre de divorce, au contraire, est une chose désavantageuse, car la femme, comme telle, conserve le droit à la nourriture. R. Meir dit aux autres docteurs: si le maître est un cohen, ne rend-il pas son esclave inapte à manger de l’oblation (en l’affranchissant), au même titre que la femme y devient inapte par le divorce? (N’est-ce pas une preuve d’égalité)? -Cela ne prouve rien, répliquèrent-ils: l’esclave est une acquisition du maître. Si quelqu’un dit de remettre un acte de divorce à sa femme, ou d’affranchissement à son esclave, puis il meurt, on ne donnera pas suite à ces actes après le décès du maître mais si celui-ci a dit de remettre un maneh (pièce d’argent) à un tel et qu'il meurt, on payera même après décès la somme promise."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si le porteur d’un divorce venant d’outre-mer dit que l’acte a été écrit devant lui, non signé devant lui, ou qu’il a été signé devant lui, mais non écrit devant lui, ou qu’il a été écrit entièrement en sa présence et seulement signé à moitié devant lui, ou qu’il a été à moitié écrit devant lui et entièrement signé devant lui, cet acte sera sans valeur. Si l’un dit que l’acte a été écrit devant lui, et un autre témoin dit que l’acte a été signé en sa présence, l’acte est impropre. Si deux témoins affirment que l’acte a été écrit devant eux, et un seul dit que l’acte a été signé en sa présence, celui-ci est impropre; mais R. Juda le déclare valable. Si un témoin dit que l’acte a été écrit devant lui, et deux témoins disent qu’il a été signé devant eux, l’acte est valable.",
+ "Si l’on atteste que l’acte a été écrit le jour et signé aussi le jour, ou qu’il a été écrit la nuit et signé aussi la nuit, ou qu’il a été écrit la nuit mais signé le jour, l’acte est valable. S’il est dit au contraire de l’acte qu’il a été écrit le jour mais signé la nuit, l’acte sera impropre; selon R. Simon, l’acte reste valable, car selon lui, on déclare impropres tous les actes écrits le jour et signés la nuit, sauf les actes de divorce.",
+ "Pour écrire cet acte, on peut employer tout ingrédient de l’encre, ou de la poudre terreuse, ou du rouge, ou de la gomme (gummi), ou du vitriol, calcanqon, ou tout objet qui reste adhérent. On ne se servira pour écrire ni d’autres liquides, ni de jus de fruits, ni d’un autre produit qui ne soit pas adhérent. On peut écrire sur n’importe quoi, même sur des feuilles d’olivier, ou sur une corne de vache, en envoyant cette bête à la femme comme titre de divorce, fût-ce sur la main de l’esclave, en remettant ensuite l’esclave à la femme. Selon R. Yossé le Galiléen, on ne devra écrire l’acte de divorce, ni sur un animal vivant, ni sur un comestible.",
+ "On n’écrit l’acte sur aucun objet adhérent à la terre; si l’acte a été écrit ainsi, ensuite détaché du sol, puis signé et remis en cet état à la femme, il est valable. R. Juda le déclare impropre, jusqu’à ce que l’acte ait été écrit et signé sur une matière détachée du sol. R. Juda b. Bethera dit: on ne devra l’écrire ni sur du papier effacé, ni sur une peau fendue, difqera, parce qu’on pourrait le falsifier; mais les autres sages l’admettent pour valable.",
+ "Tous sont aptes à écrire un acte de divorce, même un sourd, ou un sot, ou un enfant. Une femme peut écrire le divorce qui lui sera destiné, comme le mari peut écrire son acquit (pour restitution du douaire), car l’acte tient sa valeur de ceux qui le signent. Tous sont aptes à apporter un tel acte, sauf un sourd, un sot, un enfant, un aveugle, ou un païen (tous ignorant les prescriptions ou formalités exigibles).",
+ "Si un enfant a reçu l’acte et avant de le remettre il est devenu grand, ou si le sourd-muet a recouvré ensuite la parole, ou si l’aveugle qui s’en est chargé est devenu clairvoyant, ou si le sot est devenu intelligent, ou si le païen s’est converti, l’acte est pourtant impropre. Mais si l’acte a été reçu par un homme bien parlant qui est devenu sourd-muet, lequel a ensuite recouvré la parole, ou par un clairvoyant qui est devenu aveugle, puis est redevenu clairvoyant, ou par un homme intelligent qui est devenu sot, puis est redevenu intelligent, l’acte reste valable. En thèse générale, lorsque le commencement et la fin de l’acte ont été accomplis en connaissance de cause, l’acte reste valable.",
+ "Même les femmes auxquelles on n’ajoute pas foi, lorsqu’elles annoncent le décès du mari de telle ou telle femme, peuvent être crues lorsqu’elles apportent leur acte de divorce du dehors. Telles sont: la belle-mère, ou la fille de la belle-mère, ou la femme adjointe, la belle-sœur à qui incombe le lévirat, ou la fille du mari (belle-fille). -Pourquoi la croit-on plus véridique à l’égard du divorce qu’au sujet d’une nouvelle de décès? -C’est que, pour le divorce, l’acte confirme son dire. Une femme peut elle-même apporter du dehors son acte de divorce; seulement, elle devra déclarer (devant les juges) que cet acte a été écrit et signé devant elle.–"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Tout divorce qui n’a pas été écrit en vue de la femme à divorcer est impropre. Voici comment: si en passant dans la rue un mari entend la voix des scribes, lisant le formulaire de leurs actes: “un tel N. répudie la femme une telle, de tel endroit”, et que le mari déclare l’appliquer à son nom et à celui de sa femme, l’acte ne pourra pas servir à la répudier. Bien plus, si un mari ayant écrit un acte pour répudier sa femme y renonce, puis un compatriote le trouve et lui dit: “puisque mon nom ressemble au tien et celui de ma femme à la tienne, cède-moi l’acte” (pour que je m’en serve dans le même but), cet écrit sera impropre pour répudier une autre. Bien plus, si le même mari a deux femmes portant le même nom, et que l’acte de divorce a été dressé en vue de répudier la plus âgée des deux, l’acte ne pourra pas servir à répudier la plus jeune. Bien plus, si même il a convenu avec le greffier (libellarius) d’employer cet écrit à répudier celle des deux femmes qu'il voudra, l’acte sera impropre à tout divorce.",
+ "Celui qui écrit des modèles (typus) de divorce devra laisser en blanc la place pour le nom du mari, pour celui de la femme et pour la date. En écrivant d’avance des formules d’emprunt, on laissera en blanc le nom du créancier, celui du débiteur, la somme prêtée et la date. Pour les contrats de vente, on laissera en blanc le nom de l’acheteur, celui du vendeur, la somme du montant de l’achat, l’immeuble, la date. Ces modèles en blanc sont permis pour la commodité des transactions. Selon R. Juda, toutes ces sortes d’actes (écrits en partie d’avance), sont impropres. R. Eliézer les déclare tous admissibles, sauf ceux du divorce, parce qu’il est écrit (Dt 24, 1): Il lui écrira à elle; l’écrit devra donc avoir été libellé pour elle.",
+ "Si le porteur d’un acte de divorce le perd et le retrouve aussitôt après, l’acte reste valable; l’acte non retrouvé de suite devient impropre. Si l’acte est retrouvé dans une poche (petit sac), ou dans une boîte, ou caisse, arceion, et reconnu par le porteur, il reste valable. Si quelqu’un apporte un acte de divorce de la part d’un homme qu’il laisse vieux ou malade, il remet l’acte à la femme dans la présomption que le mari vit encore. De même, une fille d’Israélite mariée à un cohen, dont la mari fait un voyage d’outre-mer, peut continuer à manger de l’oblation sacerdotale dans la présomption que le mari vit toujours (jusqu’à l’avis contraire). De même aussi, on devra sacrifier la victime expiatoire envoyée par quelqu’un d’outre-mer, dans la présomption que l’expéditeur est en vie.",
+ "R. Eléazar b. Parta a énoncé devant les sages trois règles qu’ils ont confirmées: les gens d’une ville assiégée à qui il ne reste plus d’issue, les passagers d’un navire battu par la tempête, et le coupable sur le point d’être condamné par la justice à la peine capitale, restent pourtant dans la présomption d’être vivants. Mais une fois que la ville est prise par les assiégeants, ou si le navire a fait naufrage en mer, ou si le condamné se rend déjà au dernier supplice, à tous ces gens on applique les lois les plus sévères des vivants et des morts. Ainsi, lorsqu’une fille d’Israélite est mariée à un cohen (qui se trouve dans l’un de ces derniers cas), ou si une fille de cohen est mariée à un simple israélite, elle ne pourra pas manger de l’oblation sacerdotale.",
+ "Si un porteur d’acte de divorce en Palestine même (d’une localité à l’autre) devient malade en route, le mari peut en charger autrui. Mais si le mari lui a dit de reprendre par contre de la femme un objet spécial (de valeur), le porteur ne peut pas se décharger de l’acte sur autrui: car le mari n’a pas entendu accorder à un tiers sa confiance pour avoir le dépôt en question.",
+ "Si le porteur d’un acte de divorce venant d’outre-mer tombe malade, le tribunal désignera un messager chargé de l’expédition, et le porteur devra déclarer devant les juges avoir assisté à la rédaction et à la signature de l’acte. Le dernier porteur n’a pas besoin de faire cette même déclaration, mais il devra seulement avoir été chargé de cet envoi par le tribunal.",
+ "Si quelqu’un prête de l’argent à un Cohen, ou à un lévite, ou à un pauvre, avec l’intention de se rembourser plus tard en prélevant le montant sur celui qui leur revient, il pourra faire le prélèvement de ce qui lui revient dans la présomption que ces gens vivent toujours, sans craindre que le Cohen ou le lévite soient morts, ou que le pauvre se soit enrichi. S’ils sont morts avant que le créancier soit remboursé, celui-ci devra demander aux héritiers du défunt l’autorisation de se rembourser S’il a prêté par devant justice, il n’a pas besoin de cette autorisation pour se payer.",
+ "Si quelqu’un met des fruits de côté pour les employer à l’oblation et aux dîmes (à libérer d’autres fruits), ou de l’argent pour l’employer plus tard à titre de 2e dîme (devant être mangée à Jérusalem), il pourra considérer cette mise de côté comme effective (et manger le reste), dans la présomption que ces objets de côté subsistent toujours. Au cas où ces fruits mis de côté sont perdus, il devra pour tous les produits (tant libérés que non libérés) compter en arrière de temps en temps. Tel est l’avis de R. Eléazar b. Shamoua. R. Juda dit: à trois époques de l’année, on devra goûter le vin (auquel on donne d’avance cette destination future de part sacerdotale ou lévitique, pour savoir s’il n’est pas gâté), savoir lorsqu’à l’issue de la fête des Tabernacles, le vent d’Est souffle, lorsque les bourgeons des ceps de vigne apparaissent, et lorsque la sève liquide pénètre dans les raisins non encore mûrs."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si un mari envoie un acte de divorce à sa femme par un messager, qu’ensuite il rencontre en route, ou s’il envoie un second messager à la recherche du premier, avec l’ordre d’annuler l’acte de divorce, l’annulation est admise. De même, s’il a devancé le messager auprès de sa femme (pour renoncer au divorce), ou s’il lui a envoyé un autre messager, en faisant déclarer nul l’acte qu’il lui a envoyé, l’annulation est admise. Mais dès que l’acte de divorce est arrivé aux mains de la femme, les démarches du mari ne servent plus à annuler l’acte.",
+ "Autrefois, le mari établissait un tribunal (composé de trois personnes), d’une autre localité, pour annuler l’envoi de l’acte de divorce (sans la présence de la femme). Puis R. Gamliel l’ancien établit la règle de ne pas agir ainsi, dans l’intérêt de l’ordre régulier du monde. En principe, on modifiait, pour annuler l’acte, l’un des noms usuels du mari, avec celui de la ville où il se trouve, et le nom de la femme avec la ville où elle se trouve; plus tard, R. Gamliel l’ancien établit la règle d’inscrire le nom du mari avec tous les surnoms qu’il porte (en n’importe quel endroit), et celui de la femme avec tous ses surnoms, dans l’intérêt des bonnes règles.",
+ "Une veuve ne peut se faire payer son douaire sur les biens des orphelins qu’en jurant n’avoir rien reçu de son mari; mais on s’était abstenu de déférer à la veuve ce serment. Aussi R. Gamliel l’ancien a établi que désormais la veuve puisse se faire payer le douaire qui lui est dû en faisant un vœu sur tel objet que les orphelins voudront. Les témoins doivent apposer leur signature sur l’acte de divorce, règle établie pour l’utilité publique. Enfin, Hillel a établi l’usage du prosbolh pour l’utilité publique.",
+ "Si l’esclave qui a été emmené prisonnier par des païens est ensuite racheté par des Juifs, il doit servir lorsqu’on l’a racheté comme esclave; mais il est libre, si on l’a racheté pour le rendre libre. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit que même en ce dernier cas il doit servir. Si un individu a désigné son esclave comme hypothèque, apoqhch, à son créancier, puis l’a affranchi, légalement l’esclave ne doit rien; mais pour éviter les inconvénients, le maître est tenu de l’affranchir, et l’esclave s’engage par acte à payer sa valeur. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: Ce n’est pas l’esclave qui s’engage dans l’acte, mais celui qui l’a affranchi.",
+ "Si un individu est à moitié esclave et à moitié libre, il servira un jour son maître, et il sera libre un jour; c’est l’opinion de l’école de Hillel. L’école de Shammaï dit: Vous avez défendu les intérêts du maître, mais non pas ceux de l’esclave; il ne peut pas épouser une femme libre, car il est à moitié esclave; il ne peut pas épouser une esclave, car il est à moitié libre. Restera-t-il célibataire? Mais le monde n’a été créé que pour la reproduction; car il est écrit: “Dieu n’a pas créé le monde pour qu’il reste désert, mais pour qu’il soit habité” (Is 45, 18). Il faut donc, pour l’utilité publique, forcer le maître à l’affranchir, et l’esclave s’engagera par acte à payer au maître la moitié de sa valeur. L’école de Hillel finit alors par adopter l’opinion de l’école de Shammaï.",
+ "Si un individu vend son esclave à un païen ou à un homme qui va le conduire à l’étranger, l’esclave devient libre. -On ne donne pas pour racheter les prisonniers plus qu’ils ne valent; c’est une mesure d’utilité publique? -On ne doit pas chercher à faire prendre la fuite aux prisonniers (il faut les racheter); c’est aussi une règle d’utilité publique. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: C’est un précepte donné dans l’intérêt de ceux qui sont déjà retenus en prison. On n’achète pas de livres (de l’Ecriture-Sainte), de phylactères ou de mezuzot aux païens à un prix qui dépasse leur valeur; c’est aussi un précepte d’utilité publique.",
+ "Celui qui répudie sa femme pour avoir entendu exprimer à son sujet un bruit fâcheux (peut-être calomniateur) ne pourra plus la reprendre, et il en est de même s’il l’a repoussée parce qu’elle avait prononcé un vœu à la légère. R. Juda dit: s’il s’agit d’un vœu dont beaucoup de personnes ont connaissance, le mari ne pourra pas reprendre la femme répudiée; mais si ce n’est pas à la connaissance de plusieurs personnes, le mari peut la reprendre. R. Meir dit: pour tout vœu qui exige l’investigation d’un sage, le mari ne pourra pas la reprendre; lorsque cette investigation n’est pas nécessaire, le mari peut revenir sur sa détermination. R. Eléazar ajoute: les sages n’ont défendu le premier cas qu’à cause du dernier. Sur ce, R. Yossé b. Juda raconta qu’à Sidon quelqu’un dit à sa femme: “que tout me soit interdit, si je ne te répudie pas”, et bien qu’il l’eût en effet répudiée, les sages lui permirent de la reprendre. D’ordinaire, cette reprise est interdite, par précepte d’utilité publique.",
+ "Celui qui a répudié sa femme parce qu’elle est d’une stérilité évidente ne pourra pas la reprendre, selon R. Juda; les autres sages le permettent. Si après avoir épousé un autre dont elle a des fils elle réclame au 1er mari le douaire, (auquel elle n’avait pas droit comme femme stérile répudiée), selon R. Juda, le mari peut lui dire: “Il valait mieux te taire que de parler inconsidérément”.",
+ "On ne rachète pas aux païens celui qui se vend à eux lui-même avec ses fils; mais, après la mort du père, on rachète ses enfants (non responsables de cette cession). Si, après la vente d’un champ à un païen, un israélite le rachète de ce dernier, l’israélite offrira les prémices au Temple; c’est un précepte d’utilité publique."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Ceux qui réclament pour un dommage (que l’animal d’un individu leur a causé) peuvent se faire payer du meilleur des champs; les créanciers seront payés par la classe moyenne des champs; enfin la femme qui réclame le douaire ne peut prendre que de la classe inférieure. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: la femme qui réclame le douaire peut également se faire payer de la classe moyenne.",
+ "Le demandeur ne peut pas saisir les biens hypothéqués, si le défendeur possède encore des biens libres, quand même ces biens seraient de la classe inférieure (et que les biens vendus seraient d’une autre classe, que le demandeur aurait droit de prendre s’ils n’étaient pas venus). Ceux qui se font payer des biens des orphelins ne peuvent prendre que les champs de la classe inférieure.-",
+ "On a établi comme loi d’utilité publique, qu’aux cas suivants le demandeur ne puisse pas se faire payer des biens vendus par le défendeur, savoir: pour les produit du champ, ou pour son amélioration, ou pour la nourriture de la veuve et des filles orphelines (qui ont droit à être nourries des biens de l’héritage de leurs frères). On a encore établi pour l’utilité publique cette loi: celui qui rend les choses qu’il a trouvées, à l’ancien propriétaire qui les a perdues, n’est pas obligé de prêter serment (si le propriétaire prétend qu’il y en avait davantage).",
+ "Le maître de maison sur lequel les orphelins s’appuient (auquel est confiée la gestion de leurs biens), ou que leur père avait désigné d’avance pour être leur tuteur epitropo\", sera tenu de rédimer les fruits que ceux-ci mangeront. Si le père des orphelins a nommé pour eux un tuteur, celui-ci est obligé de prêter serment sur sa gestion (si les orphelins devenus majeurs l’exigent); mais si c’est le tribunal qui l’a nommé tuteur il n’est pas obligé de prêter serment. Abba Saül dit le contraire. Si un individu a rendu impure l’oblation qui est à un cohen (qu’il est défendu de manger impure), ou s’il a fait des libations avec le vin d’un autre (ce qui fait qu’on ne peut plus boire ce vin), ou s’il a mêlé aux produits des champs un peu d’oblation, ce qui fait que personne ne peut plus les manger, excepté un cohen, pour tous ces faits commis involontairement, l’auteur sera dispensé de payer; s’il les a faits volontairement, il doit payer le dommage. Aussi, les cohanim qui ont de plein gré rendu impropre un sacrifice offert au Temple seront coupables.",
+ "R. Yohanan b. Godgoda atteste ceci: 1° Si un père a marié sa fille sourde-muette (en sa minorité), elle pourra être libérée au moyen d’un acte de divorce; 2° dès qu’une mineure simple israélite (orpheline) a épousé un cohen, elle peut (malgré son jeune âge) consommer l’oblation, et si elle meurt, le mari hérite d’elle (comme pour une véritable union); 3° au cas où une charpente ou un tronc de bois volé est encastré dans une grande construction (d’où il est impossible de le retirer), on devra seulement prélever le montant de la valeur afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de ceux qui se repentent; 4° un sacrifice expiatoire volé, sans que beaucoup de personnes connaissent le vol, effectuera le pardon (sans qu’il soit nécessaire de le remplacer par un autre), dans l’intérêt de l’autel.",
+ "Le sicaricon, ou le droit de revendication à l’égard des biens achetés aux sicaires, n’existait pas dans le province de la Judée lorsque les propriétaires avaient été tués pendant la guerre; mais, pour les biens pris à des propriétaires tués après la guerre, ce droit subsiste. Comment ce droit s’exerce-t-il? Si un individu a acheté le champ d’abord à l’assassin, puis au vrai propriétaire, l’achat est nul; s’il l’a acheté au propriétaire avant de l’acheter à l’assassin, l’achat est valable. Il en est de même du champ d’une femme mariée: Si un individu l’achète d’abord du mari, puis de la femme, la vente est nulle; s’il l’a acheté de la femme, puis du mari, la vente est valable. Telle est la décision de la première Mishna; mais le tribunal postérieur dit: si l’on achète un champ du sicaire, la vente est valable; mais l’acheteur donnera au propriétaire le quart de la valeur. Cela s’applique au cas où le propriétaire n’est pas à même de racheter son champ; mais s’il est à même de le faire, il a la priorité (et personne ne peut l’acheter). Rabbi à provoqué une séance d’un tribunal, où l’on a décidé, après avoir compté les votes, que si le champ est resté en possession du sicaire pendant un an, le premier venu peut l’acheter, mais il doit au propriétaire le quart de sa valeur.",
+ "Un sourd-muet peut faire des transactions par signes. Ben-Bethera dit: Il suffit de pincer les lèvres, ou de les voir pincer par d’autres, s’il s’agit de biens-meubles; comme les mineurs peuvent aussi acheter et vendre, quand il s’agit de biens-meubles.",
+ "Voici les lois rabbiniques établies pour le bien public (en faveur d’un bon accord): Le cohen sera appelé le 1er à la loi; puis un lévite, ensuite un simple israélite. On place le repas de jonction symbolique (du Shabat) dans la même maison vieille. Le puits qui est le plus près de la source doit être rempli avant celui qui en est plus éloigné. Si un quadrupède, un oiseau ou un poisson est entré dans le piège d’un individu, nul que celui-ci ne peut le prendre, sous peine de vol. C’est une règle établie pour le bon accord. R. Yossé dit: celui qui le prend, est un brigand. Si un sourd-muet, un aliéné ou un mineur trouve un objet, personne ne peut le lui enlever, sous peine de vol. R. Yossé dit: enlever à ces individu cet objet est un véritable vol. Si un pauvre monte sur un olivier pour faire tomber quelques olives, ceux qui se trouvaient au-dessous de l’arbre ne peuvent pas les ramasser; R. Yossé dit: ce serait un vrai vol. Pour la même raison de bonne entente, on n’empêchera pas les pauvres païens de prendre part au glanage, ou de ramasser des épis oubliés, ou de cueillir ceux de l’ange des champs.",
+ "Une femme peut prêter un tamis, un van, un petit moulin ou un four, même à une femme soupçonnée de ne pas observer les lois de la 7e année; mais elle ne doit pas l’aider à trier, ni à moudre. La femme d’un compagnon savant peut prêter à la femme d’un homme du peuple un tamis ou un van; elle peut trier, moudre et vanner avec elle. Mais dès que celle-ci jette de l’eau sur la farine (qu’elle commence seulement une pâte), elle ne doit pas l’aider, ni la toucher, car il est interdit d’encourager ceux qui transgressent la loi. Du reste, toutes ces mesures n’ont été autorisées que dans l’intérêt de l’harmonie, comme l’on peut souhaiter du succès aux païens la 7e année agraire, mais non à l’israélite, et dans l’intérêt des bonnes relations, on doit s’informer de leur santé.-"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si quelqu’un a dit: “Fais accepter cet acte de divorce à ma femme”, ou “le voici pour elle, apporte-le-lui”, il peut le reprendre s’il veut. Mais si la femme a chargé le messager d’accepter, le mari ne peut plus y renoncer. Donc, si le mari dit alors au messager: “je ne veux pas que tu acceptes l’acte du divorce pour elle, mais apporte-le là et donne-le-lui”, il peut le reprendre s’il veut. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: lors même que la femme a dit au messager de prendre l’acte pour elle, le mari ne peut plus le reprendre après la remise au messager.",
+ "Lorsque la femme a chargé le messager de recevoir pour elle l’acte de divorce (qu’ensuite il fallait faire disparaître), il lui faut pour sa libération 2 catégories de témoins; la première atteste l’ordre donné au messager, et la seconde atteste la réception par la femme qui l’a déchiré. Ceux qui ont attesté le premier fait, peuvent aussi attester le second; ou bien, à l’un de ceux qui font partie de l’un des deux groupes, il suffit d’adjoindre un autre témoin. Une jeune fille adolescente qui est fiancée peut recevoir l’acte de divorce, ou directement, ou par son père. Selon R. Juda, deux mains (le père et la fille) ne peuvent posséder à la fois la même faculté, et le père seul (en la minorité de la fille) recevra l’acte. Une enfant, si jeune qu’elle est incapable de conserver l’acte de divorce, ne pourra être répudiée.",
+ "Si une mineure charge quelqu’un de recevoir pour elle le divorce, l’acte n’a pas de valeur; il faut pour cela qu’il soit entre ses mains à elle; aussi, lorsqu’après cet ordre, le mari veut reprendre l’acte, il le peut, car un mineur ne peut pas instituer un délégué. Mais le père a chargé le messager d’aller recevoir pour elle cet acte de divorce, la réception suffit à la valider, et le mari ne peut plus y revenir. Si un mari charge autrui de remettre l’acte à la femme, en tel endroit, et la remise a eu lieu ailleurs, l’acte est nul. Mais si le mari a seulement dit: “ma femme est là”, et la remise a eu lieu ailleurs, l’acte est valable. De même, si la femme charge autrui de revoir pour elle l’acte en tel endroit, et la réception s’est effectuée ailleurs, l’acte est nul; R. Eliézer le déclare valable; Si elle charge autrui de l’apporter de tel endroit, et il l’apporte d’ailleurs, l’acte est aussi valable.",
+ "Tout en chargeant quelqu’un de lui apporter l’acte de divorce, la femme d’un cohen peut bénéficier d’un privilège de manger l’oblation, jusqu’à ce que cet acte arrive entre ses mains. Mais si elle charge autrui de recevoir l’acte pour elle, il lui sera dès ce moment interdit de manger l’oblation. Si elle spécifie de recevoir pour elle le divorce à tel endroit déterminé, elle pourra manger l’oblation jusqu’à l’arrivée de l’acte au lieu désigné; R. Eliézer le lui interdit de suite (dès que l’ordre est donné).–",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit: “Ecrivez l’acte de divorce et remettez-le à ma femme”, ou s’il dit simplement de la répudier, ou d’écrire une lettre et de la lui donner (ce qui a le même sens), on rédigera l’acte et on le remettra à la femme (valablement). Mais s’il dit seulement de la congédier, ou de la nourrir, ou d’agir avec elle selon la loi, nomo\", ou de la traiter selon son mérite, ce sont des expression trop vagues et sans valeur. En principe on avait dit que si un condamné sort de la ville, le cou chargé d’un carcan (collare), en disant d’écrire un acte de divorce à sa femme (même sans ajouter de le lui remettre), on l’écrira et on le remettra à la femme. Plus tard, les sages revinrent sur ce sujet et étendirent la même règle à celui qui va en voyage d’outre-mer, ou avec une caravane allant au loin. R. Simon Shezori y ajoute aussi celui qui est dangereusement malade.",
+ "Si un mari étant tombé dans une fosse s’écrie: “que quiconque m’entend écrive un acte de divorce à ma femme”, il faudra l’écrire et le remettre à la femme. Un homme sain qui dit d’écrire un acte de divorce à sa femme a sans doute voulu plaisanter; mais si la fin indique que son intention était sérieuse dès le principe, l’acte sera valable; Ainsi, il est arrivé à un homme sain de donner l’ordre d’écrire le divorce à sa femme; puis, montant sur le toit, il tomba et mourut. Selon R. Simon b. Gamliel, les sages dirent à ce sujet: si l’homme est tombé seul, l’acte de divorce est valable; mais si le vent a poussé l’homme, l’acte est nul.",
+ "Si un mari dit à 2 individus de remettre l’acte de divorce à sa femme (sans parler de l’écrire), ou s’il dit à 3 de l’écrire, puis de le remettre à sa femme, ils pourront l’écrire (eux-mêmes) puis le remettre. S’il dit à 3 de remettre l’acte à sa femme (sans parler de l’écrire), ceux-ci pourront charger d’autres de l’écrire et le remettre, parce qu’il les a constitués en tribunal. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Voici la règle rapportée de prison par R. Hanania habitant d’Ono: Je sais par tradition que si un mari dit à 3 individus de remettre l’acte de divorce à sa femme, ceux-ci peuvent charger autrui de l’écrire et le remettre, parce que le mari les a érigés en tribunal. Sur ce, R. Yossé dit: nous avons répondu au messager chargé de cette nouvelle, que nous avons aussi une tradition, en vertu de laquelle, lors même qu’un mari dit au tribunal supérieur à Jérusalem de remettre l’acte de divorce à sa femme, ceux-ci devront au besoin apprendre à l’écrire eux-mêmes, puis le rédiger et le remettre. Si un mari s’adressant à dix individus les charge d’écrire et donne l’acte de divorce à sa femme, l’un écrira et 2 signeront comme témoins; mais s’il les charge tous de l’écrire, après que l’un d’eux l’aura écrit, tous signeront. Aussi, en cas de décès d’un seul d’entre eux, l’acte est déclaré nul."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si quelqu’un, saisi d’une malade grave (cardiacus), dit d’écrire le divorce à sa femme, c’est comme s’il n’avait rien dit (l’acte est nul). Mais si après avoir donné cet ordre il est atteint du mal, puis revenant sur son premier ordre il dit de ne plus l’écrire, on ne tiendra pas compte de ce dernier ordre. On demande au mari devenu muet s’il faut écrire le divorce à sa femme; s’il incline de la tête en signe d’assentiment, on l’examinera, en répétant 3 fois la même question: s’il répond non sur non, oui sur oui (que c’est bien entendu), on écrira l’acte et le remettra.",
+ "Lorsqu’on demande à un homme en danger s’il faut écrire le divorce à sa femme, et qu’il répond: oui, puis les assistants donnent l’ordre à l’écrivain d’écrire l’acte et aux témoins de le signer, ce qui a été fait, bien qu’après l’avoir écrit et signé on ait remis l’acte à l’homme, lequel à son tour l’a remis à la femme, l’acte sera nul: il faut que le mari ait donné lui-même les divers ordres.",
+ "Si un mari dit à sa femme: “ceci sera l’acte de ton divorce si je meurs”, ou “ceci sera ton divorce si je meurs de ma maladie actuelle”, ou “ceci sera ton divorce valable après mon décès”, c’est somme s’il n’avait rien dit. Mais s’il dit: “qu’à partir d’aujourd’hui l’acte ait cette valeur si je meurs”, ou “à partir d’à présent si je meurs”, ce sera un acte valable. S’il dit: “à partir de ce jour et après ma mort”, l’acte sera à la fois valable et non valable; aussi, après le décès du mari ses enfants, la veuve devra déchausser le beau-frère, non l’épouser. Si le mari dit: “voici ton divorce à partir de ce jour si je meurs de mon mal actuel”, puis il se rétablit et sort, ensuite il retombe malade et meurt; on devra examiner si le décès a pour cause la 1re maladie, alors l’acte est valable; au cas contraire, l’acte est nul.",
+ "Une femme (dont la répudiation est conditionnelle) ne devra pas rester seule avec son mari, sauf en présence de témoins, fut-ce un esclave ou une servante, excepté la servante de la femme, parce qu’il est notoire qu’elle se fie à elle. Comment est-elle considérée dans l’intervalle de temps entre l’énoncé du divorce conditionnel et le décès du mari? Selon R. Juda, elle sera considérée en tout comme femme mariée; selon R. Yossé, elle est à la fois répudiée et non répudiée.",
+ "Si le mari dit à la femme: “Voici ton acte de divorce, à la condition de me donner 200 zouz”, elle sera tenue pour répudiée dès l’acceptation, et dès lors elle doit ladite somme à son mari. Si le mari établit la condition qu’elle lui remette cette somme à partir d’à présent jusqu’à 30 jours de là, au cas où elle lui remet ladite somme dans les 30 jours, la femme sera déclarée répudiée; au cas contraire, elle ne le sera pas. R. Simon b. Gamliel raconte qu’à Sidon il arriva à quelqu’un de dire à sa femme: “voici ton acte de divorce, à condition de me remettre ton vêtement (stola) de luxe”; comme elle l’avait perdu, la condition était irréalisable, et l’acte nul. Selon les autres sages, il suffit à la femme de remettre le montant du vêtement au mari, pour valider l’acte.",
+ "Si le mari a dit: “voici ton divorce, à la condition de servir mon père, ou d’allaiter mon fils” (sans durée déterminée), quelle sera la durée de l’allaitement (ou du service, sous peine d’annulation de la condition)? Deux ans. Selon R. Juda, 18 mois. Si le fils ou le père meurt (avant l’exécution de la condition), l’acte reste valable. Si le mari dit: “voici ton acte de divorce, à la condition de servir mon père 2 ans, ou d’allaiter mon fils 2 ans”, et qu’ensuite le fils meurt, ou le père déclare ne pas vouloir être servi par elle, lors même qu’elle n’a pas provoqué ce refus en irritant le père, l’acte devient nul; selon R. Simon b. Gamliel, il reste valable. R. Simon b. Gamliel établit cette règle: pour tout obstacle qui n’émane pas de la femme, l’acte reste valable.",
+ "S’il dit: “Voici ton divorce si je ne suis pas revenu”, et qu’allant de Judée en Galilée il s’arrête à Antipatris (limite de Judée) et revient, les conditions ne sont pas remplies, et l‘acte est nul. Il en est de même s’il remet l’acte, en le subordonnant à la condition d’être revenu de voyage d’ici à 30 jours, et qu’allant de Judée en Galilée il s’arrête à Othnaï (limite de la Galilée); ou encore s’il le remet à condition du retour d’ici à 30 jours d’un voyage d’outre-mer, et arrivé à Acco (le port palestinien) il retourne chez lui: les conditions énoncées n’ont pas été remplies. S’il dit: “Voici ton divorce après que j’aurai passé devant ta face pendant 30 jours”, et qu’en ce temps il sera toujours allé et venu, à condition de ne pas s’être isolé avec elle, l’acte sera valable.",
+ "S’il dit: “Voici ton divorce, si d’ici à un an je ne revient pas”, et dans l’intervalle de temps il meurt, l’acte sera nul (pour défaut de condition). S’il dit: “Voici ton divorce dès à présent, si je ne reviens pas d’ici un an”, et avant ce délai il meurt, l’acte est valable (ayant été établi pour valoir de suite).",
+ "S’il dit: “Au cas où je ne reviens pas d’ici à un an, écrivez un acte de divorce à ma femme et donnez-le-lui”, puis on l’a écrit pendant cet intervalle de temps, et on l’a remis après ce temps écoulé, l’acte est nul (pour avoir été écrit trop tôt). Mais s'il a dit (d’abord): “Ecrivez l’acte de divorce à ma femme et donnez-le-lui si je ne reviens pas d’ici à un an”, puis on l’a écrit pendant cet intervalle de temps, et on l’a remis après ce délai, R. Yossé le déclare valable. Si l’on a écrit après l’an écoulé et l’on a remis l’acte après, puis l’on apprend le décès du mari, si la remise de l’acte a précédé le décès, l’acte est valable; si le décès a précédé, l’acte est nul. En cas de doute, on appliquera à la femme la règle de celle qui est répudiée dans l’être."
+ ],
+ [
+ "En jetant le divorce à sa femme qui se trouve dans sa maison ou sa cour à elle, on accomplit la répudiation. Mais s’il lui jette dans sa maison ou sa cour à lui, se fut-il trouvé avec elle dans le même lit, ce n’est pas une séparation effective. S’il jette l’acte dans le sein de la femme, ou dans son panier à ouvrage, la répudiation est réelle.",
+ "S’il dit à la femme: “prends cette créance”, ou si, se courbant, il lui dit de détacher de son dos l’acte, qu’ensuite elle lit, et elle s’aperçoit que c’est son divorce, il sera nul; il faut que le mari dise: “voici ton divorce”. Si le mari met l’acte aux mains de la femme qui dort, et à son réveil elle lit, voyant que c’est son divorce, celui-ci est nul; il faut que le mari dise: “voici ton divorce”. Si elle se trouve sur la voie publique et le mari lui jette l’acte, si celui-ci tombe près d’elle, l’acte est valable; s’il tombe près du mari, la répudiation n’est pas effectuée; si enfin l’acte tombe à mi-chemin des deux époux, la femme sera à la fois répudiée et non répudiée (en état de doute).",
+ "Il en est de même pour une consécration de mariage et un contrat de dette: Si le créancier dit au débiteur de lui jeter la somme due, et en effet le débiteur la jette, si la somme se trouvait plus près du créancier (et qu’ensuite elle se perd), le débiteur est hors de cause (n’a rien à rembourser); mais si l’argent est tombé près du débiteur, il en est responsable. Si enfin l’argent est tombé au milieu d’eux deux, ils doivent partager la perte. – Si la femme était placée au sommet du toit et le mari lui a jeté là l’acte, dès que l’acte a atteint l’aire du toit (même sans y rester), la répudiation est effective; si le mari était en haut et la femme au bas, et il lui a jeté l’acte, dès que l’acte a quitté l’emplacement du toit, fut-il désormais effacé par l’eau ou brûlé, il a effectué la répudiation.",
+ "D’après l’école de Shammaï, un homme peut répudier sa femme par un viel acte de divorce; mais l’école de Hillel l’interdit. Un tel acte est déclaré vieux lorsqu’après sa rédaction le mari y renonce et s’isole avec sa femme (se remet avec elle).",
+ "Si un mari date l’acte de divorce d’après un comput de gouvernement non convenable, p. ex. selon le règne des Mèdes ou celui des Grecs (en se trouvant dans la Babylonie), ou d’après le compte depuis la construction du Temple, ou depuis sa destruction, ou si en se trouvant à l’Est il écrit l’Ouest, ou à l’inverse; si la femme s’est remariée sur la base d’un tel divorce, elle devra quitter le 1er et le 2e mari, mais en recourant à un nouvel acte de divorce de tous deux. Elle ne peut réclamer le douaire, ni les revenus, ni la nourriture, ni un dédommagement pour usure des effets par le mari, pas plus du 1er que du 2e; si elle a pris un de ces objets, soit à l’un, soit à l’autre, elle doit le restituer. L’enfant qu’elle aurait eu de l’un ou de l’autre sera mamzer (illégitime). Ni le 1er mari, ni le 2e (s’il est cohen), ne pourra se rendre impur pour l’enterrer; ni l’un ni l’autre n’aura droit à prendre pour lui ce qu’elle trouve, ou à toucher le gain produit par son travail, ou à la délier d’un vœu qu’elle aurait formé. Si elle est fille de simple israélite, elle devient inapte à épouser un cohen. Si elle est fille de lévite, elle ne pourra pas consommer de dîme; ou si elle est fille de cohen, elle devient impropre à manger de l’oblation. Ni les héritiers du 1er mari, ni ceux du 2e n’ont de droit sur le douaire de la femme. A la mort de ces maris, les frères de l’un et l’autre devront se laisser déchausser par la veuve, sans que nul ne puisse l’épouser. Si en lui remettant un acte de divorce le 1er mari a modifié son propre nom, ou celui de la femme, ou celui de sa ville à lui, ou celui de la ville à elle, il faudra (en cas de 2e mariage) qu’elle se sépare de tous deux, et toutes les règles précitées sont applicables à cette femme.",
+ "Pour toutes les femmes à degré de relation illicite avec l’époux projeté, dont les femmes adjointes sont permises à chacun, si celles-ci ayant quitté la maison du défunt, se sont mariée, puis il se trouve que les premières étaient des femmes de stérilité évidente, l’adjointe remariée ne pourra rester ni avec le nouveau mari, ni avec le beau-frère, et les règles précitées sont applicables à cette femme.",
+ "Un homme épouse par lévirat sa belle-sœur veuve, et l’adjointe de celle-ci est allée épouser un autre homme (selon son droit), puis il se trouve que la première veuve est de stérilité évidente, l’adjointe devra aussi se séparer de son deuxième mari, elle ne pourra pas épouser le beau-frère, et toutes les règles précitées lui sont applicables.–",
+ "Un écrivain rédigeant un acte de divorce pour le mari et l’acquit de douaire de la femme se trompe dans les remises, donnant le divorce à la femme et l’acquit à l’homme, puis les époux échangent entre eux ces 2 actes reçus par erreur. Plus tard, l’acte de divorce émanant des mains de l’homme est présenté, ainsi que l’acquit par la femme; celle-ci remariée à un autre devra se séparer des deux maris, et toutes les règles précitées lui sont applicables. R. Eléazar dit: si l’acte de divorce a été présenté de suite, il est seulement déclaré nul; mais s’il est présenté plus tard (après l’union), il est valable, car le mari ne mérite pas assez de créance illimitée pour annuler les prétentions de possession du deuxième mari. Si après avoir écrit l’acte de divorce le mari change d’idée et ne le remet pas, d’après l’école de Shammaï, la femme devient pourtant impropre à épouser jamais un cohen; d’après l’école de Hillel, elle ne le dévient pas, lors même que le mari lui a remis le divorce à une condition non réalisée ensuite.",
+ "Un mari qui a répudié sa femme et passé la nuit avec elle dans une auberge (fondouq) n’a pas besoin, selon Shammaï, de lui remettre un nouvel acte de divorce; selon Hillel, il le faut. Toutefois, il y a seulement discussion en cas de répudiation après le mariage accompli; mais tous reconnaissent qu’en cas de répudiation après simples fiançailles, il n’est pas besoin de nouvel acte, parce que le futur n’est pas encore attaché à elle de cœur. Si elle s’est remariée après avoir été répudiée par un divorce chauve, elle devra rester séparée des 2maris, et toutes les règles précitées lui sont applicables.",
+ "Chacun peut compléter un acte de divorce \"chauve\" (en signant dans les plis inachevés). Tel est l’avis de Ben-Nanos. D’après R. aqiba l’acte ne pourra être complété que par des proches parents, qui sont aptes à témoigner ailleurs. On appelle un acte chauve celui où les plis restés en blanc sont supérieurs à celui des signatures données."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si en répudiant sa femme un mari la déclare libre d’épouser n’importe qui, sauf un tel, cet acte est valable, selon R. Eliézer; les autres sages l’interdisent. Que doit faire alors le mari, selon eux? Il devra le lui prendre, puis le lui rendre, en disant: désormais tu es libre à chacun. Si l’acte contient une telle exception, lors même qu’on l’a ensuite effacée, il est sans valeur.",
+ "Si le mari dit en répudiant la femme: “tu es désormais libre pour chacun, sauf à mon père, ou à ton père, ou à mon frère, ou à ton frère, ou à un esclave, ou à un païen, ou à tout autre individu dont la consécration en mariage est sans effet” l’acte reste valable. S’il lui dit: “tu es désormais libre à tous, sauf comme veuve à un grand prêtre, ou comme répudiée à un simple cohen, ou comme ayant déchaussé un beau-frère, ou comme illégitime ou descendante des gens voués au culte pour un simple israélite, ou comme fille d’Israël à un Mamzer ou à un descendant des gens voués au culte, ou à l’égard de tout autre homme dont la consécration en mariage serait valable quoiqu’accomplie par transgression d’interdit”, l’acte de divorce sera nul. –.",
+ "La formule capitale de la lettre de divorce est: “Tu es libre de t’unir avec tout individu (que tu voudras)”. Selon R. Juda, l’acte dit: “Voici pour toi, de moi, un acte de séparation, une lettre de congé, un divorce de libération, par lequel tu peux épouser qui tu désires”. Voici la formule de l’acte d’affranchissement: “tu es libre”, “tu t’appartiens”.",
+ "Trois sortes d’actes de divorce sont nuls; mais si la femme qui s’est cru ainsi répudiée s’est remariée, l’enfant issu de cette union sera légitime. Ce sont: 1° Celui que le mari a écrit de sa main, sans le faire attester par des témoins, 2° celui qui est contresigné par des témoins, mais non date, 3° l’acte daté, mais ne portant qu’une attestation. En ces 3 cas, les actes sont nuls, mais l’enfant né de la femme remariée est digne d’être reçu (en Israël). R. Eléazar dit: si même l’acte n’est pas contresigné par deux témoins, mais a été remis devant eux, il est valable, et un contrat de dette ainsi rédigé est payable sur les biens immeubles. La signature des témoins sur l’acte de divorce n’est exigible que pour la bonne forme (pour éviter toute contestation).",
+ "Si 2 maris ont envoyé à leurs femmes chacun 2 divorces semblables (par les noms) qui se sont mêlés, l’un des maris remettra 2 actes à l’une et 2 autres actes à l’autre femme. Aussi, en cas de perte d’un acte, l’autre est tenu pour nul. Si 5 personnes ont écrit en commun, sur le même acte de divorce: “un tel répudie une telle”, puis: “un tel une telle”, et ainsi de suite, au bas de quoi les témoins ont signé, l’acte est valable pour tous, et il faut successivement le mettre en main de chaque femme. Si pour chaque couple la formule tupo\" a été écrite à part, et les témoins ont signé pour le tout au bas, le divorce seul au bas duquel les témoins ont signé après lecture faite est valable.",
+ "Deux divorces ont été écrits côte à côte (sur le même feuillet), et au bas 2 témoins ont signé en hébreu dans toute la largeur, passant d’un acte à l’autre, puis deux autres témoins ont signé en grec, aussi dans toute la largeur, sous les 2 actes; l’acte sous lequel ont signé les premiers témoins après lecture faite est valable. Mais si les signatures sont alternativement en 2 langues, d’abord en hébreu, puis en grec, ensuite encore en hébreu et en grec, les deux actes sont sans valeur.",
+ "S’il restait à écrire la fin de la formule du divorce transcrite à la 2e colonne (du même côté), et les témoins ont signé au bas, l’acte est valable. Si les témoins ont signé en tête de la feuille, ou au bord, ou au verso d’un acte simple (non retourné), il est sans valeur. Si l’on a rattaché le commencement d’un 2e acte à la tête d’un acte précédent par l’écriture du bord, et les noms des 2 témoins se trouvent au milieu des 2, les actes sont nuls. Mais si l’on a rattaché le commencement du second à la fin du 1er, et les témoins ont signé au milieu, l’acte sur lequel on peut lire au bas les noms des témoins est valable.",
+ "Un divorce écrit en hébreu et contresigné par les témoins en grec, ou écrit en grec et contresigné en hébreu, ou par un témoin en hébreu et un autre en grec, l’acte attesté par l’écrivain auquel s’est joint un autre témoin, est valable. Si l’attestation dit seulement “un tel, témoin” (sans nom du père), l’acte est valable, et de même s’il y a: “fils d’un tel, témoin” (sans nom propre), ou encore: “un tel, fils d’un tel”, sans ajouter le mot “témoin”. S’il a écrit le prénom (surnom) de l’homme ou de la femme (au lieu du vrai nom) l’acte reste valable. Voilà comment procédaient les gens éclairés à Jérusalem (pour abréger). L’acte qui porte inscrit les surnoms de chaque époux est valable. Le divorce imposé par un tribunal juif est valable, non celui d’un tribunal païen. Pourtant, l’acte sera valable lorsque le tribunal juif (faute de pouvoir suffisant) fait frapper le mari par des païens, qui lui disent d’exécuter ce que les juifs lui ont ordonné.-",
+ "Si le bruit s’est répandu dans la ville que telle femme a été mariée en ce jour, elle est désormais consacrée; et si l’on dit d’une femme qu’elle a été répudiée, elle est désormais tenue pour telle, à condition qu’il n’y ait pas d’objection pour cause de doute. Qu’appelle-t-on ainsi? La répudiation de la femme d’une façon conditionnelle, ou l’envoi de l’acte de consécration à la femme au milieu de la rue, sans que l’on ait pu affirmer si le contrat est tombé près d’elle ou près de lui; c’est une cause d’infirmation pour doute.",
+ "L’école de Shammaï dit: on ne peut divorcer avec sa femme que pour cause d’infidélité, selon ces termes: S’il a trouvé en elle un sujet blâmable, il a répudiera. L’école de Hillel dit: le mari n’est pas obligé de donner un motif plausible de divorce; il peut dire qu’elle a gâté son repas, en vertu du même verset. R. aqiba dit (il exprime la même idée autrement): le mari peut dire qu’il a trouvé une autre femme belle, selon les mots (ibid.): si elle ne lui plaît pas."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de3f849b49e900f91d92d66bcd7327c2d0716d22
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand einen Scheidebrief aus dem Ausland bringt, muß er sagen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“ Rabban Gamliël sagt: Auch wer einen aus Rekem oder aus Cheger bringt. R. Eliëser sagt: Sogar aus Kefar-Ludim nach Lud. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nur wer einen (Scheidebrief) aus dem Ausland bringt oder einen dorthin bringt, muß sagen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“ Ebenso muß auch wer einen (Scheidebrief) aus einer Provinz in die andere im Ausland bringt, sagen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“ Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliëls, sagt: Sogar aus einem Verwaltungsbezirk in den andern. 2. R. Jehuda sagt: Von Rekem nach Osten, und Rekem selbst gehört zum Osten. Von Askalon nach Süden, und Askalon selbst gehört zum Süden. Von Akko nach Norden, und Akko selbst gehört zum Norden. R. Meïr sagt: Akko gilt bezüglich der Scheidebriefe als Land Israels.",
+ "R. Jehuda sagt: Von Rekem nach Osten, und Rekem selbst gehört zum Osten. Von Askalon nach Süden, und Askalon selbst gehört zum Süden. Von Akko nach Norden, und Akko selbst gehört zum Norden. R. Meïr sagt: Akko gilt bezüglich der Scheidebriefe als Land Israels.",
+ "Wenn jemand einen Scheidebrief im Land Israels bringt, muß er nicht sagen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“ Wenn er angefochten wird, wird er durch die Unterzeichneten bestätigt. Wenn jemand einen Scheidebrief aus dem Ausland bringt und nicht sagen kann: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden“, so wird er, wenn Zeugen auf ihm (unterzeichnet) sind, durch die Unterzeichneten bestätigt.",
+ "Scheidebriefe und Freibriefe für Knechte gleichen einander hinsichtlich der Überbringung. Dies ist eine von den Hinsichten, in denen Scheidebriefe Freibriefen für Knechte gleichen.",
+ "Jede Urkunde, auf der ein kutäischer Zeuge (unterzeichnet) ist, ist ungiltig, außer Scheidebriefe und Freibriefe für Knechte. Einst brachte man vor Rabban Gamliël nach Kefar-Otnaj einen Scheidebrief, dessen (beide) Zeugen Kutäer waren, und er erklärte ihn für giltig. Alle Urkunden, die bei nichtjüdischen Behörden ausgestellt worden sind, sind, obgleich die (als Zeugen) Unterzeichneten Nichtjuden sind, giltig, außer Scheidebriefe und Freibriefe für Knechte. R. Simon sagt: Auch diese sind giltig. Sie wurden (als ungiltige) nur erwähnt, wenn sie durch Privatleute ausgefertigt worden sind.",
+ "Wenn jemand sagt: „Gib diesen Scheidebrief meiner Frau!“, oder: „… diesen Freibrief meinem Knecht!“, so kann er, wenn er will, in beiden Fällen zurücktreten; so sagt R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nur bei Scheidebriefen, nicht aber bei Freibriefen für Knechte. Denn man kann wohl einem in seiner Abwesenheit einen Vorteil zukommen lassen, man kann aber einen nur in seiner Gegenwart benachteiligen. Wenn er nämlich seinen Knecht nicht ernähren will, so ist er dazu berechtigt; er ist aber nicht berechtigt, seiner Frau die Ernährung zu verweigern. Da sagte er zu ihnen: Er macht doch seinen Knecht ungeeignet für die Priesterhebe, so wie er seine Frau dafür ungeeignet macht. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Weil er sein Eigentum ist. Wenn jemand sagt: „Gebt diesen Scheidebrief meiner Frau!“, oder: „… diesen Freibrief meinem Knecht!“ und stirbt, so übergebe man ihn nicht nach seinem Tode. (Sagt er aber): „Gebt eine Mine dem N. N.!“ und stirbt, so übergebe man sie nach seinem Tode."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand, der einen Scheidebrief aus dem Ausland brachte, gesagt hat: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben, aber nicht vor mir unterzeichnet worden“, oder: „Vor mir ist er unterzeichnet, aber nicht vor mir geschrieben worden“, oder: „Vor mir ist er ganz geschrieben, aber nur zur Hälfte unterzeichnet worden“, oder: „Vor mir ist er nur zur Hälfte geschrieben und ganz unterzeichnet worden“, so ist er ungiltig. Wenn einer sagt: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben worden“, und einer: „Vor mir ist er unterzeichnet worden“, so ist er ungiltig. Wenn zwei sagen: „Vor uns ist er geschrieben worden“, und einer: „Vor mir ist er unterzeichnet worden“, so ist er ungiltig. R. Jehuda aber erklärt ihn für giltig. Wenn einer sagt: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben worden“, und zwei: „Vor uns ist er unterzeichnet worden“, so ist er giltig.",
+ "Ist er am Tage geschrieben und am selben Tage unterzeichnet worden, oder in der Nacht (geschrieben) und in derselben Nacht unterzeichnet worden, oder in der Nacht geschrieben und am (darauffolgenden) Tage unterzeichnet worden, so ist er giltig. (Ist er aber) am Tage (geschrieben) und in der (darauffolgenden) Nacht unterzeichnet worden, so ist er ungiltig. R. Simon erklärt ihn für giltig. R. Simon sagte nämlich: Alle Urkunden, die am Tage geschrieben und in der (darauffolgenden) Nacht unterzeichnet worden sind, sind ungiltig, außer Scheidebriefe.",
+ "Mit allem darf man ihn schreiben: mit Tinte, Pulver, Farbe, Gummi, Vitriol und mit allem, was bestehen bleibt. Man darf ihn aber weder mit Getränken, noch mit Fruchtsaft, noch mit irgend etwas, was nicht bestehen bleibt, schreiben. Auf alles darf man ihn schreiben: auf ein Olivenblatt, auf das Horn einer Kuh — er gibt ihr dann die Kuh —, auf die Hand eines Knechtes — er gibt ihr dann den Knecht —. R. Jose, der Galiläer, sagt: Man darf ihn nicht auf etwas Lebendes schreiben und auch nicht auf Speisen.",
+ "Man darf ihn nicht auf eine mit dem Boden verbundene Sache schreiben. Hat man ihn auf eine (mit dem Boden) verbundene Sache geschrieben, dann ihn abgerissen, unterzeichnet und ihr gegeben, so ist er giltig. R. Jehuda erklärt ihn für ungiltig; es muß vielmehr seine Schreibung und Unterzeichnung auf eine (vom Boden) bereits abgetrennte Sache erfolgt sein. R. Jehuda ben Bethera sagt: Man darf ihn weder auf ein radiertes Papier, noch auf Rohleder schreiben, weil er gefälscht werden kann. Die Weisen aber erklären einen solchen für giltig.",
+ "Ein jeder ist geeignet, den Scheidebrief zu schreiben, sogar ein Taubstummer, ein Geisteskranker und ein Minderjähriger. Die Frau darf ihren Scheidebrief schreiben und der Mann seine Quittung, denn die Bestätigung des Dokuments erfolgt nur durch die Unterzeichneten. Ein jeder ist geeignet den Scheidebrief zu überbringen, außer einem Taubstummen, einem Geisteskranken, einem Minderjährigen, einem Blinden und einem Nichtjuden.",
+ "Hat ihn ein Minderjähriger übernommen und ist dann großjährig geworden, oder ein Taubstummer und ist dann hörend geworden, oder ein Blinder und ist dann sehend geworden, oder ein Geisteskranker und ist dann gesund geworden, oder ein Nichtjude und ist dann übergetreten, so ist er ungiltig. Wenn aber ein Hörender taubstumm und dann wieder hörend geworden ist, oder ein Sehender blind und dann wieder sehend geworden ist, oder ein Gesunder geisteskrank und dann wieder gesund geworden ist, so ist er giltig. Dies ist die Regel: In allen Fällen, da der Beginn und Schluß bei Vollsinnigkeit erfolgt ist, ist er giltig.",
+ "Auch diejenigen Frauen, die nicht glaubwürdig sind, wenn sie sagen: „Ihr Mann ist gestorben“, sind glaubwürdig, ihren Scheidebrief zu überbringen; nämlich: Ihre Schwiegermutter, die Tochter ihrer Schwiegermutter, ihre Nebenfrau, ihre Schwägerin und die Tochter ihres Gatten. Warum ist es beim Scheidebrief anders als bei der Aussage über den Tod? Weil (bei ersterem) die Schrift beweisend ist. Die Frau selbst darf ebenfalls ihren Scheidebrief überbringen, jedoch muß sie sagen: „Vor mir ist er unterschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Jeder Scheidebrief, der nicht für die betreffende Frau geschrieben worden ist, ist ungültig. Wie ist dies? Wenn jemand auf der Straße gegangen ist und Schreiber vorlesen gehört hat: „N. N. scheidet sich von der N. N. aus dem Orte N. N.“, und er hat nun gesagt: „Ich heiße so und meine Frau heißt so“, so ist er für die Scheidung ungültig. Mehr noch: Wenn jemand (einen Scheidebrief) geschrieben hatte, um sich damit von seiner Frau scheiden zu lassen, und es sich überlegt hat, und ihn darauf einer aus seiner Stadt getroffen und zu ihm gesagt hat: „Ich heiße wie du, und meine Frau wie deine“, so ist er für die Scheidung ungültig. Mehr noch: Wenn jemand, der zwei Frauen gleichen Namens hatte, (einen Scheidebrief) geschrieben hat, um sich damit von der Größeren scheiden zu lassen, so darf er sich mit ihm nicht von der Kleineren scheiden lassen. Mehr noch: Wenn er zu einem Schreiber gesagt hat: „Schreib’ (einen Scheidebrief) und von der, von der ich (mich scheiden lassen) will, werde ich mich damit scheiden lassen“, so ist er für die Scheidung ungültig.",
+ "Wenn jemand Formulare von Scheidebriefen ausschreibt, muß er einen Raum für (den Namen) des Mannes und (den) der Frau und für das Datum freilassen. Bei Schuldscheinen muß er einen Raum für (den Namen) des Gläubigers und (den) des Schuldners, für den Betrag und für das Datum freilassen. Bei Kaufurkunden muß er einen Raum für (den Namen) des Käufers und (den) des Verkäufers, für den Betrag, für das Feld und für das Datum freilassen. Es ist dies eine fürsorgliche Bestimmung. R. Jehuda erklärt sie alle für ungültig. R. Eleasar erklärt sie alle für gültig, mit Ausnahme der Scheidebriefe, denn es heißt (Deut. 24, 1): „und er schreibe ihr“, das bedeutet: für sie.",
+ "Wenn jemandem, der einen Scheidebrief überbringt, dieser verloren gegangen ist, so ist er, wenn er ihn sofort gefunden hat, gültig; wenn aber nicht, ungültig. Hat er ihn in einem Beutel oder in einer Tasche gefunden, oder er erkennt ihn, so ist er gültig. Wenn jemand einen Scheidebrief von einem, den er alt oder krank zurückgelassen hat, überbringt, so kann er ihn ihr übergeben in der Annahme, daß jener noch am Leben ist. Eine mit einem Priester verheiratete Tochter eines Israeliten, deren Mann in das Ausland gereist ist, darf Priesterhebe essen in der Annahme, daß jener noch am Leben ist. Wenn jemand sein Sündopfer aus dem Auslande schickt, bringt man es dar in der Annahme, daß er noch am Leben ist.",
+ " Drei Dinge hat R. Eleasar ben Parta den Weisen vorgetragen, und diese bestätigten seine Worte: Daß man von den Einwohnern einer Stadt, die Belagerungstruppen umzingelt haben, von den Insassen eines Schiffes, daß sich in einem Seesturm befindet, und von einem, der zur Aburteilung geführt wird, annehmen könne, daß sie noch am Leben sind. Aber bezüglich der Bewohner einer Stadt, die die Belagerungstruppen bereits eingenommen haben, der Insassen eines Schiffes, das im Meere bereits untergegangen ist, und eines, der zur Hinrichtung geführt wird, habe man die Erschwerungen für den Fall, daß sie noch leben, und die Erschwerungen für den Fall, daß sie bereits tot sind, gelten zu lassen. Es darf weder eine mit einem Priester verheiratete Tochter eines Israeliten, noch eine mit einem Israeliten verheiratete Tochter eines Priesters (in diesen Fällen) Priesterhebe essen.",
+ "Wenn jemand, der einen Scheidebrief im Land Israels überbringt, krank geworden ist, so kann er ihn durch einen anderen schicken. Hat er aber zu ihm gesagt: „Nimm für mich einen bestimmten Gegenstand von ihr!“, dann schicke er ihn nicht durch einen andern, denn er will nicht, daß seine Sache sich in eines anderen Besitz befinde.",
+ "Wenn jemand, der einen Scheidebrief aus dem Ausland überbringt, krank geworden ist, dann setze er ein Gerichtskollegium zusammen und schicke ihn (durch einen andern). Und er sagt vor ihnen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden.“ Der letzte Bote braucht dann nicht mehr zu sagen: „Vor mir ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet worden“, sondern sagt: „Ich bin ein Bote des Gerichtes.“",
+ " Wenn jemand einem Priester oder einem Leviten oder einem Armen Geld leiht, um für sie (die Abgaben) abzusondern, darf er für sie absondern in der Annahme, daß sie noch am Leben sind, und muß nicht befürchten, der Priester oder Levite sei bereits gestorben, oder der Arme sei reich geworden. Wenn sie gestorben sind, dann muß er von den Erben Erlaubnis einholen. Hat er ihnen aber vor Gericht (Geld) geliehen, braucht er keine Erlaubnis von den Erben einzuholen.",
+ " Wenn jemand Früchte zurücklegt, um von ihnen Priesterhebe und die Zehnten abzusondern, oder Geld, um davon den zweiten Zehnt abzusondern, so darf er dies in der Annahme, daß sie noch vorhanden sind. Sind sie abhanden gekommen, dann muß er für eine Zeit von vierundzwanzig Stunden befürchten; so sagt R. Eleasar, der Sohn Schammua’s. R. Jehuda sagt: Zu drei Zeiten muß man den Wein prüfen: Wenn der Ostwind am Ausgang des Laubhüttenfestes weht, beim Herauskommen des Traubenansatzes und wenn der Saft in die unreifen Trauben kommt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand seiner Frau einen Scheidebrief geschickt hat, dann den Boten getroffen oder ihm einen Boten nachgesandt und zu ihm gesagt hat: „Der Scheidebrief, den ich dir gegeben habe, sei nichtig“, so ist er nichtig. Ist er zuvor zu seiner Frau gekommen, oder hat er (zuvor) zu ihr einen Boten gesandt und hat zu ihr gesagt: „Der Scheidebrief, den ich dir geschickt habe, sei nichtig“, so ist er nichtig. Wenn aber erst nachdem der Scheidebrief in ihren Besitz gelangt ist, kann er ihn nicht mehr für nichtig erklären.",
+ "Anfangs konnte er in einem andern Ort ein Gerichtskollegium zusammensetzen und ihn für nichtig erklären. Da ordnete Rabban Gamliël, der Alte, an, daß man nicht so tue, wegen des allgemeinen Wohles. Anfangs änderte er seinen Namen, ihren Namen, den Namen seiner Stadt und den Namen ihrer Stadt. Da ordnete Rabban Gamliël, der Alte, an, daß er schreibe: Der Mann N. N. und alle Namen, die er hat; die Frau N. N. und alle Namen, die sie hat, wegen des allgemeinen Wohles.",
+ " Eine Witwe bekommt von den Gütern der Waisen nur gegen einen Eid bezahlt. Als man es aber unterließ, sie schwören zu lassen, da ordnete Rabban Gamliël, der Alte, an, daß sie den Waisen alles, was sie wünschen, gelobe und ihre Ketuba einfordern könne. Die Zeugen unterzeichnen den Scheidebrief, (was man) wegen des allgemeinen Wohles (verordnet hat). Hillel führte den Prosbol ein wegen des allgemeinen Wohles.",
+ " Ein Knecht, der gefangen worden ist, und den man ausgelöst hat, muß, wenn zum Zwecke, dienstbar zu bleiben (man ihn ausgelöst hat), dienstbar bleiben; wenn aber zum Zwecke, frei zu werden, nicht dienstbar bleiben. Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliël’s, sagt: In beiden Fällen bleibt er dienstbar. Ein Knecht, den sein Herr hypothekarisch anderen verpfändet und dann freigelassen hat, ist rechtlich zwar zu nichts verpflichtet. Wegen des allgemeinen Wohles aber zwingt man seinen Herrn, ihn zum Freien zu machen; und er schreibt einen Schuldschein über seinen Wert. Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliël’s, sagt: Nicht er, sondern der Freilassende schreibt ihn.",
+ " Wer halb ein Knecht und halb ein Freier ist, arbeitet einen Tag für seinen Herren und einen Tag für sich selbst; so sagen Bet-Hillel. Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Ihr habt für seinen Herrn gesorgt; für ihn selbst aber habt ihr nicht gesorgt; er kann nämlich weder eine Sklavin heiraten, weil er halb schon ein Freier ist, noch eine Freie, weil er halb noch ein Knecht ist. Soll er ledig bleiben? Die Welt wurde doch nur zur Fortpflanzung geschaffen, wie es heißt (Jes. 45, 18): „Nicht zur Einöde schuf er sie, sondern zum Bewohnen bildete er sie!“ Man zwingt vielmehr wegen des allgemeinen Wohles seinen Herrn ihn gänzlich frei zu lassen, und er schreibt einen Schuldschein über die Hälfte seines Wertes. Darauf entschieden Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai.",
+ " Wenn jemand seinen Knecht einem Nichtjuden oder nach dem Ausland verkauft, so wird dieser frei. Man löse Gefangene nicht über ihren Wert aus, (was man) wegen des allgemeinen Wohles (verordnet hat). Man helfe Gefangenen nicht zur Flucht wegen des allgemeinen Wohles. Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliël’s, sagt: Wegen des Wohles der Gefangenen. Man kaufe Bücher, Gebetriemen und Mesusot von Nichtjuden nicht über ihren Wert, wegen des allgemeinen Wohles.",
+ " Wenn jemand sich von seiner Frau wegen übler Nachrede scheiden läßt, darf er sie nicht wiedernehmen. (Wenn) wegen eines Gelübdes, darf er sie nicht wiedernehmen. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn viele von dem Gelübde wissen, darf er sie nicht wiedernehmen, wenn aber nicht, darf er sie wiedernehmen. R. Meïr sagt: Wenn das Gelübde der Untersuchung eines Gelehrten bedarf, darf er sie nicht wiedernehmen, wenn aber nicht, darf er sie wiedernehmen. Es sagte R. Eliëser: Man hat es in jenem Falle nur wegen dieses verboten. Es sagte R. Jose, der Sohn Jehuda’s: Einst sagte jemand in Zaidan zu seiner Frau: „Konam, wenn ich mich nicht von dir scheiden lasse“, und ließ sich von ihr scheiden. Da erlaubten ihm die Weisen, sie wieder zu nehmen, wegen des allgemeinen Wohles.",
+ " Wenn jemand sich von seiner Frau wegen Unfruchtbarkeit scheidet, darf er sie, so sagt R. Jehuda, nicht wiedernehmen. Die Weisen aber sagen: Er darf sie wiedernehmen. Hat sie sich mit einem anderen verheiratet, von diesem Kinder bekommen und fordert nun ihre Ketuba, so kann er, so sagte R. Jehuda, zu ihr sagen: „Dein Schweigen wäre für dich besser, als dein Reden.“",
+ " Wenn jemand sich und seine Kinder einem Nichtjuden verkauft, löst man ihn nicht aus. Wohl aber löse man die Kinder nach dem Tode ihres Vaters aus. Wenn jemand sein Feld einem Nichtjuden verkauft und ein Israelit kauft es von ihm wieder, bringt der Käufer davon die Erstlingsfrüchte dar, (was man) wegen des allgemeinen Wohles (verordnet hat)."
+ ],
+ [
+ " Man schätzt ab für Geschädigte vom Besten, für einen Gläubiger vom Mittelmäßigen, für die Ketuba der Frau vom Schlechtesten. R. Meïr sagt: Auch für die Ketuba der Frau vom Mittelmäßigen.",
+ " Man bekommt von hypothekarisch belasteten Gütern nicht bezahlt, wenn noch freie Güter vorhanden sind, auch wenn diese schlechte sind. Man bekommt von den Gütern der Waisen nur vom Schlechtesten bezahlt.",
+ " Man kann die verzehrten Früchte, die Verbesserung des Bodens, den Unterhalt der Frau und der Töchter von hypothekarisch belasteten Gütern nicht einfordern, (was man) wegen des allgemeinen Wohles (verordnet hat). Wenn jemand etwas gefunden hat, muß er nicht schwören, wegen des allgemeinen Wohles.",
+ " Wenn Waisen bei einem Hausherrn untergebracht sind, oder ihr Vater für sie einen Vormund bestellt hat, muß er ihre Früchte verzehnten. Ein Vormund, den der Vater der Waisen bestellt hat, muß schwören; hat ihn aber das Gericht bestellt, muß er nicht schwören. Abba Saul sagt: Es ist gerade umgekehrt. Wenn jemand verunreinigt, mit Priesterhebe vermischt, oder zu Nesechwein macht, so ist er, wenn er dies versehentlich getan hat, frei; wenn aber vorsätzlich, ersatzpflichtig. Priester, die im Heiligtum vorsätzlich (ein Opfer) verwerflich gemacht haben, sind ersatzpflichtig.",
+ " Es bezeugte R. Jochanan, der Sohn Gudgeda’s, daß eine Taubstumme, die ihr Vater verheiratet hatte, durch einen Scheidebrief entlassen werden kann; daß eine minderjährige Tochter eines Israeliten, die an einen Priester verheiratet worden ist, Priesterhebe essen darf, und daß, wenn eine solche stirbt, ihr Gatte sie beerbt; daß man für einen geraubten Balken, den (der Räuber) in einen Palast eingebaut hat, (nur) dessen Wert erhält, (was man) der Reumütigen wegen (verordnet hat); daß endlich ein Sündopfer, das geraubt worden ist, wenn dies nicht vielen bekannt ist, als versöhnend gilt, (was man) zum Besten des Altars (verordnet hat).",
+ " Zur Zeit der Kriegsmetzeleien gab es in Judäa kein Sikaricongesetz. Nachher aber gab es dort ein Sikaricongesetz. Wie ist dies? Wenn jemand von einem Sikarier gekauft hat und dann vom Eigentümer, ist sein Kauf ungültig. (Hat er aber erst) vom Eigentümer und dann vom Sikarier gekauft, ist sein Kauf gültig. Wenn jemand vom Ehemann gekauft hat und dann von der Frau, ist sein Kauf ungültig. (Hat er aber erst) von der Frau und dann vom Ehemann gekauft, ist sein Kauf gültig. Dies ist die erste Mischna. Ein späteres Gericht aber entschied: Wenn jemand von einem Sikarier kauft, muß er dem Eigentümer ein Viertel geben. Wann gilt dies? Nur dann, wenn er (es) nicht kaufen kann. Wenn er (es) aber kaufen kann, geht er jedem vor. Rabbi setzte ein Gerichtskollegium ein, und dieses stimmte dahin ab, daß, wenn es zwölf Monate im Besitz des Sikariers war, jeder der es zuerst gekauft hat, es erwirbt; jedoch muß er dem Eigentümer ein Viertel geben.",
+ " Ein Taubstummer kann durch Zeichen verständigen und verständigt werden. Ben-Bethera sagt: Er kann bei beweglichen Sachen auch durch Mienen verständigen und verständigt werden. Bei beweglichen Sachen ist der Kauf und Verkauf durch kleine Kinder gültig.",
+ " Folgendes verordneten sie um des Friedens willen: Ein Priester liest als erster vor, und nach ihm ein Levite, und nach diesem ein Israelit; (was man) um des Friedens willen (verordnet hat). Man legt den Eruw im alten Haus nieder; um des Friedens willen. Die dem Kanal nächste Zisterne wird als erste gefüllt; um des Friedens willen. Bei Tier-, Vögel- und Fischfallen gilt das Verbot des Raubens; um des Friedens willen. R. Jose sagt: Es ist wirklicher Raub. Beim Fund eines Taubstummen, eines Geisteskranken und eines Minderjährigen gilt das Verbot des Raubens; um des Friedens willen. R. Jose sagt: Es ist wirklicher Raub. Wenn ein Armer auf einem Olivenbaum (Früchte) abklopft, gilt bei den darunter liegenden das Verbot des Raubens; um des Friedens willen. R. Jose sagt: Es ist wirklicher Raub. Man wehrt nichtjüdischen Armen nicht (das Einsammeln von) Nachlese, Vergessenem und der Feldecke; um des Friedens willen.",
+ " Eine Frau darf der andern, die bezüglich des Siebentjahres verdächtig ist, ein Mehlsieb, ein Kornsieb, eine Standmühle oder einen Ofen borgen, doch darf sie ihr nicht klauben oder mahlen helfen. Die Frau eines Chawer darf der Frau eines Am-haarez ein Mehlsieb oder ein Kornsieb borgen und darf ihr auch klauben, mahlen und sieben helfen. Sobald sie aber das Wasser zugegossen hat, darf sie nichts mehr mit ihr anrühren. Denn man darf die Übertreter nicht unterstützen. All das (oben Erlaubte) haben sie nur um des Friedens willen verordnet. Man darf Nichtjuden im Siebentjahr aufmunternd unterstützen, aber nicht Israeliten. Man grüße sie jederzeit; um des Friedens willen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand (zu einem) sagt: „Nimm diesen Scheidebrief für meine Frau in Empfang! “, oder: „Bring diesen Scheidebrief meiner Frau!“, so kann er, wenn er will, noch zurücktreten. Wenn aber die Frau (zu einem) gesagt hat: „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief in Empfang!“, so kann er, wenn er auch will, nicht mehr zurücktreten. Daher kann der Ehemann, wenn er will, nur dann zurücktreten, wenn er zu ihm gesagt hat: „Ich will nicht, daß du für sie (den Scheidebrief) in Empfang nimmst; vielmehr bring und gib ihn ihr! “ Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliël’s, sagt: Auch wenn sie lediglich sagt: „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief!“ kann er, wenn er auch will, nicht mehr zurücktreten.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau (zu einem) gesagt hat: „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief in Empfang!“ bedarf sie zweier Zeugenpaare. Zweier (Zeugen), die aussagen: „Vor uns hat sie es gesagt“, und zweier, die aussagen: „Vor uns hat er ihn in Empfang genommen und zerrissen“. Es können auch die ersten und die letzten (Zeugen) dieselben Personen sein, oder einer von den ersten und einer von den letzten, zu denen sich einer gesellt. Ein verlobtes Mädchen kann ihren Scheidebrief selbst in Empfang nehmen, und ebenso ihr Vater. Es sagte R. Jehuda: Zwei Hände können nicht gleichzeitig erwerben. Vielmehr kann nur ihr Vater allein ihren Scheidebrief in Empfang nehmen. Die ihren Scheidebrief nicht zu verwahren vermag, kann nicht geschieden werden.",
+ "Wenn eine Minderjährige (zu einem) gesagt hat: „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief in Empfang!“, so ist der Scheidebrief erst rechtskräftig, wenn er in ihre Hand gelangt ist. Daher kann der Ehemann, wenn er will, noch zurücktreten. Denn ein Minderjähriger kann keinen Boten bestellen. Wenn aber ihr Vater zu ihm gesagt hat: „Geh’ und nimm für meine Tochter ihren Scheidebrief in Empfang!“, so kann er, wenn er auch will, nicht mehr zurücktreten. Wenn jemand (zu einem) gesagt hat: „Gib diesen Scheidebrief meiner Frau im Orte N. N. !“, und er ihn ihr in einem anderen Orte gegeben hat, so ist er ungültig. (Wenn er aber gesagt hat:) „Sie befindet sich im Orte N. N.“, und er ihn ihr in einem andern Orte gegeben hat, so ist er gültig. Wenn eine Frau (zu einem) gesagt hat: „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief im Orte N. N. in Empfang!“ und er ihn für sie in einem anderen Orte in Empfang genommen hat, so ist er ungültig. R. Eliëser erklärt ihn für gültig. (Wenn sie aber gesagt hat): „Bring mir meinen Scheidebrief vom Orte N. N. !“, und er ihn ihr von einem anderen Orte gebracht hat, so ist er gültig.",
+ "(Wenn eine Frau zu einem gesagt hat): „Bring mir meinen Scheidebrief!“, darf sie Priesterhebe essen, bis der Scheidebrief in ihre Hand gelangt ist. (Wenn sie aber gesagt hat): „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief in Empfang!“, so ist ihr der Genuß der Priesterhebe sofort verboten. (Wenn sie gesagt hat): „Nimm für mich meinen Scheidebrief im Orte N. N. in Empfang!“, darf sie Priesterhebe essen, bis der Scheidebrief an den betreffenden Ort gelangt ist. R. Eliëser erklärt dies als sofort verboten.",
+ "Wenn jemand sagt: „Schreibt einen Scheidebrief und gebt ihn meiner Frau!“, oder: „Scheidet sie!“, oder: „Schreibt einen Brief und gebt ihn ihr!“, so können sie ihn schreiben und ihr geben. (Wenn er aber sagt): „Entlaßt sie!“, oder: „Versorgt sie!“ oder: „Verfahrt mit ihr nach Gebühr!“, oder: „Verfahrt mit ihr, wie es sich gehört!“, so hat er damit nichts gesagt. Anfangs sagten sie: Wenn jemand, der zur Hinrichtung geführt wird, gesagt hat: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, so können sie ihn schreiben und ihr geben. Später sagten sie: Dasselbe gilt auch von einem, der zur See oder mit einer Karawane eine Reise unternimmt. R. Simon aus Schesur sagt: Auch von einem gefährlich Kranken.",
+ "Wenn jemand, der in eine Grube geworfen worden ist, gesagt hat, daß jeder, der seine Stimme hört, seiner Frau einen Scheidebrief schreiben soll, so kann man ihn schreiben und ihr geben. Wenn ein Gesunder gesagt hat: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, so wollte er nur sein Spiel mit ihr treiben. Einst sagte ein Gesunder: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, stieg darauf auf das Dach, fiel herab und starb. Da sagte Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliels: Die Weisen haben gelehrt, daß der Scheidebrief, wenn er von allein heruntergefallen ist, gültig, wenn ihn aber der Wind herabgestoßen hat, ungültig ist.",
+ "Wenn jemand zu zweien gesagt hat: „Gebt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“ oder: „Schreibt einen Scheidebrief und gebt ihn meiner Frau!“, so müssen sie selbst ihn schreiben und ihr geben. Wenn er aber zu dreien gesagt hat: „Gebt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, dann können sie anderen den Auftrag geben, ihn zu schreiben, da er sie als Gerichtskollegium bestimmt hat; so sagt R. Meïr. Diesen Lehrsatz überbrachte R. Chanina aus Ono aus dem Gefängnis: Es ist mir überliefert, daß wenn jemand zu dreien sagt: „Gebt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, sie anderen den Auftrag geben können, ihn zu schreiben, da er sie als Gerichtskollegium bestimmt hat. Es sagte R. Jose: Wir haben dem Boten erwidert: Auch uns ist überliefert, daß selbst wenn jemand zum höchsten Gerichtshof in Jerusalem gesagt hat: „Gebt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, sie selbst lernen und ihn schreiben und ihr geben müssen. Wenn jemand zu zehn (Personen) gesagt hat: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, so schreibt ihn einer, und zwei unterzeichnen ihn. (Wenn er aber gesagt hat): „Ihr alle schreibt!“, so schreibt ihn einer, und sie alle unterzeichnen ihn. Daher ist, wenn einer von ihnen gestorben ist, der Scheidebrief ungültig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand, der von einem Anfall betroffen worden ist, gesagt hat: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“, so hat er damit nichts gesagt. Hat er aber (zuerst) gesagt: „Schreibt meiner Frau einen Scheidebrief!“ und ist hierauf von einem Anfall betroffen worden und hat dann wieder gesagt: „Schreibt ihn nicht!“, so gelten seine letzten Worte nichts. Wenn jemand stumm geworden ist und man zu ihm gesagt hat: „Sollen wir deiner Frau einen Scheidebrief schreiben?“, und er dazu mit dem Kopfe genickt hat, dann untersucht man ihn drei Male. Wenn er da auf ja bejaht und auf nein verneint, so kann man ihn schreiben und ihr geben.",
+ "Wenn man zu jemandem gesagt hat: „Sollen wir deiner Frau einen Scheidebrief schreiben?“, und er erwidert hat: „Schreibt!“, und man einen Schreiber beauftragt hat, und er ihn geschrieben hat, und Zeugen (beauftragt hat), und sie ihn unterzeichnet haben, so ist der Scheidebrief, obwohl man ihn geschrieben, unterzeichnet und ihm gegeben hat, und er ihn dann ihr gegeben hat, ungültig. Er selbst muß zu dem Schreiber sagen: „Schreib ihn!“ und zu den Zeugen: „Unterzeichnet ihn!“.",
+ "(Wenn jemand sagt): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich sterbe“, oder: „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich an dieser Krankheit sterbe“, oder: „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief nach meinem Tode“, so hat er nichts gesagt. (Sagt er aber): „(Dies ist dein Scheidebrief) von heute ab, wenn ich sterbe“, oder: „… von jetzt ab, wenn ich sterbe“, so ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief. (Sagt er): „(Dies ist dein Scheidebrief) von heute ab nach meinem Tod“, so ist der Scheidebrief gültig und ungültig; wenn er stirbt, muß sie die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber vom Levir nicht geehelicht werden. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief von heute ab, wenn ich an dieser Krankheit sterbe“ und aufgestanden, auf der Straße umhergegangen, dann wieder krank geworden und gestorben ist, so schätzt man ihn: Wenn er an der ersten Krankheit gestorben ist, ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief, wenn aber nicht, ist er ungültig.",
+ "Sie darf mit ihm nur vor Zeugen zusammen sein. Es genügt hierzu auch ein Knecht oder eine Magd; ausgenommen ihre eigene Magd, weil sie mit ihrer Magd vertraut ist. Was ist sie während dieser Zeit? R. Jehuda sagt: Sie gilt in jeder Beziehung als Ehefrau. R. Jose sagt: Sie gilt als geschieden und nicht geschieden.",
+ "(Wenn jemand sagt): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief unter der Bedingung, daß du mir zweihundert Sus gibst“, so ist sie geschieden, und sie muß ihm (das Geld) geben. (Sagt er): „(Dies ist dein Scheidebrief) unter der Bedingung, daß du mir von jetzt an bis in dreißig Tagen (das Geld) gibst“, so ist sie, wenn sie es ihm innerhalb der dreißig Tage gegeben hat, geschieden, wenn aber nicht, nicht geschieden. Es sagte Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliël’s: Einst sagte jemand in Zaidan zu seiner Frau: „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief unter der Bedingung, daß du mir mein Gewand gibst “, und sein Gewand ging verloren. Da sagten die Weisen: Sie gebe ihm seinen Wert.",
+ "(Wenn jemand sagt): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief unter der Bedingung, daß du meinen Vater bedienst“, oder: „ … unter der Bedingung, daß du meinen Sohn säugst“, wie lange muß sie ihn da säugen? Zwei Jahre lang. R. Jehuda sagt: Achtzehn Monate lang. Ist der Sohn oder der Vater gestorben, so ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief. (Sagt er aber): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief unter der Bedingung, daß du meinen Vater zwei Jahre lang bedienst“, oder: „ … unter der Bedingung, daß du meinen Sohn zwei Jahre lang säugst“, so ist, wenn der Sohn oder der Vater gestorben ist, oder der Vater, auch ohne von ihr gekränkt worden zu sein, gesagt hat: „Ich will nicht, daß sie mich bedient“, der Scheidebrief ungültig. Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliëls, sagt: Ein solcher ist ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief. Rabban Simon, der Sohn Gamliëls, sagte eine Regel: In allen Fällen, in denen das Hindernis nicht von ihr ausgeht, ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief.",
+ "(Wenn jemand gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in dreißig Tagen nicht zurückkomme“, und von Judäa nach Galiläa reiste, so ist, wenn er Antipatris erreicht hat und umgekehrt ist, seine Bedingung aufgehoben. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in dreißig Tagen nicht zurückkomme“, und von Galiläa nach Judäa reiste, so ist, wenn er Kefar-Otnaj erreicht hat und umgekehrt ist, seine Bedingung aufgehoben. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in dreißig Tagen nicht zurückkomme“, und in das Ausland reiste, so ist, wenn er Akko erreicht hat und umgekehrt ist, seine Bedingung aufgehoben. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich dreißig Tage lang von dir fort bin“, und fortging und kam, fortging und kam, so ist dies, da er nicht mit ihr allein zusammen war, ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief.",
+ "(Wenn jemand gesagt hat): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in zwölf Monaten nicht zurückkomme“, und innerhalb der zwölf Monate gestorben ist, so ist der Scheidebrief ungültig. (Hat er aber gesagt): „Dies ist dein Scheidebrief von jetzt ab, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in zwölf Monaten nicht zurückkomme“ und ist innerhalb der zwölf Monate gestorben, so ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief.",
+ "(Wenn jemand gesagt hat): „Wenn ich von jetzt an bis in zwölf Monaten nicht zurückkomme, schreibt einen Scheidebrief und gebt ihn meiner Frau!“ und sie den Scheidebrief innerhalb der zwölf Monate geschrieben und nach den zwölf Monaten ihr gegeben haben, so ist der Scheidebrief ungültig. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Schreibt einen Scheidebrief und gebt ihn meiner Frau, wenn ich von jetzt an bis in zwölf Monaten nicht zurückkomme!“ und sie ihn innerhalb der zwölf Monate geschrieben und nach den zwölf Monaten ihr gegeben haben, so ist der Scheidebrief ungültig. R. Jose sagt: Ein solcher ist ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief. Wenn sie ihn nach den zwölf Monaten geschrieben und nach den zwölf Monaten ihr gegeben haben und er gestorben ist, so ist dies, wenn der Scheidebrief seinem Tode voranging, ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief; wenn aber sein Tod dem Scheidebrief voranging, ist der Scheidebrief ungültig. Wenn dies nicht bekannt ist, so ist dies ein Fall, von dem sie sagten: Sie gilt als geschieden und nicht geschieden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand seiner Frau einen Scheidebrief zuwirft, während sie sich in ihrem Haus oder in ihrem Hof befindet, so ist sie geschieden. Wenn er ihn ihr in seinem Haus oder in seinem Hof zugeworfen hat, so ist sie, selbst wenn er zu ihr in das Bett (gefallen) ist, nicht geschieden. (Wenn er ihn) in ihren Schoß oder in ihr Körbchen (geworfen hat), so ist sie geschieden.",
+ "Wenn er zu ihr gesagt hat: „Nimm diesen Schuldschein!“ oder wenn sie ihn hinter ihm gefunden hat und sie ihn liest, und es ist ihr Scheidebrief, so ist der Scheidebrief ungültig; er muß vielmehr zu ihr sagen: „Da ist dein Scheidebrief“. Wenn er ihn ihr in die Hand gegeben hat, während sie schlief, und sie erwacht ist und ihn liest, und es ist ihr Scheidebrief, so ist der Scheidebrief ungültig; er muß vielmehr zu ihr sagen: „Da ist dein Scheidebrief.“ Wenn sie im öffentlichen Gebiet stand, und er ihn ihr zugeworfen hat, so ist sie, wenn er in ihrer Nähe ist, geschieden, wenn er in seiner Nähe ist, nicht geschieden, wenn Hälfte gegen Hälfte, geschieden und nicht geschieden.",
+ "Und ebenso ist es auch bei der Trauung und ebenso auch bei einer Schuld. Wenn zu jemandem sein Gläubiger gesagt hat: „Wirf mir meine Schuld zu!“ und er sie ihm zugeworfen hat, so ist, wenn sie in der Nähe des Gläubigers ist, der Schuldner im Vorteil, wenn sie in der Nähe des Schuldners ist, der Schuldner noch haftbar; wenn Hälfte gegen Hälfte, teilen beide. Wenn sie auf dem Dache stand und er ihn ihr zugeworfen hat, so ist sie, sobald er in den Luftraum des Daches gelangt ist, geschieden. Wenn er oben (stand) und sie unten und er ihn ihr zugeworfen hat, so ist sie, sobald er aus dem Bereich des Daches gekommen ist, auch wenn er verlöscht oder verbrannt worden ist, geschieden.",
+ " Bet-Schammai sagen: Man kann sich von seiner Frau mit einem alten Scheidebrief scheiden lassen. Bet-Hillel aber verbieten dies. Was heißt ein alter Scheidebrief? Wenn er mit ihr zusammen war, nachdem er ihn für sie geschrieben hat.",
+ "Wenn er ihn nach der Ära einer nicht regierenden Regierung datiert hat, nach der Ära des medischen Reiches, nach der Ära des griechischen Reiches, nach der Ära der Erbauung des Tempels, nach der Ära der Zerstörung des Tempels oder wenn er im Osten war und „im Westen“ geschrieben hat, oder im Westen war und „im Osten“ geschrieben hat, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden und von dem einen wie von dem andern einen Scheidebrief empfangen; sie hat weder von dem einen noch von dem andern Anspruch auf die Ketuba, die Früchte, die Verpflegung und (den Ersatz für) die Abnutzung. Hat sie sie doch von dem einen oder dem andern erhalten, so muß sie sie zurückgeben; das Kind von dem einen wie von dem andern ist ein Bastard; weder der eine noch der andere darf sich an ihr verunreinigen; weder der eine noch der andere hat Anrecht an ihrem Fund und ihrem Erwerb, oder das Recht, ihre Gelübde zu lösen. Ist sie die Tochter eines Israeliten, so wird sie zur Priesterehe ungeeignet; ist sie die Tochter eines Leviten, so darf sie keinen Zehnt, ist sie die Tochter eines Priesters, so darf sie keine Priesterhebe genießen. Weder die Erben des einen noch die des andern erben ihre Ketuba. Wenn sie gestorben sind, so müssen die Brüder des einen wie die des andern die Chaliza erteilen und dürfen nicht die Leviratsehe vollziehen. Wenn er seinen Namen, ihren Namen, den Namen seiner Stadt oder den Namen ihrer Stadt geändert hat, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden, und alle diese Bestimmungen gelten für sie.",
+ " Wenn die Nebenfrau einer der wegen Blutsverwandtschaft zur Ehe verbotenen Frauen, von denen sie gesagt haben, daß ihre Nebenfrauen erlaubt sind, sich verheiratet hat und es sich herausstellt, daß jene unfruchtbar ist, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden, und alle diese Bestimmungen gelten für sie.",
+ " Wenn jemand an seiner Schwägerin die Leviratsehe vollzogen hat, und deren Nebenfrau einen andern geheiratet hat, und es sich herausstellt, daß jene unfruchtbar ist, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden, und alle diese Bestimmungen gelten für sie.",
+ "Wenn der Schreiber dem Mann einen Scheidebrief und der Frau eine Quittung geschrieben und sich geirrt und den Scheidebrief der Frau und die Quittung dem Mann gegeben hat, und diese sie einander gegeben haben, und später der Scheidebrief vom Mann und die Quittung von der Frau vorgezeigt wird, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden, und alle diese Bestimmungen gelten für sie. R. Eliëser sagt: Wenn er sofort vorgezeigt worden ist, so ist dies kein (gültiger) Scheidebrief, wenn aber erst später, so ist dies ein (gültiger) Scheidebrief, da der Erste nicht befugt ist, das Recht des Zweiten zunichte zu machen. Wenn jemand (einen Scheidebrief) geschrieben hat, um sich von seiner Frau scheiden zu lassen, und sich hernach eines andern besonnen hat, so hat er sie, so sagen Bet-Schammai, zur Priesterehe ungeeignet gemacht. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Selbst wenn er ihn ihr mit einer Bedingung gegegeben hat, und die Bedingung nicht erfüllt worden ist, hat er sie zur Priesterehe nicht ungeeignet gemacht.",
+ " Wenn jemand sich von seiner Frau geschieden hat, und sie darauf mit ihm in einer Herberge übernachtet hat, so bedarf sie, so sagen Bet-Schammai, von ihm keines zweiten Scheidebriefes. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Sie bedarf von ihm eines zweiten Scheidebriefes. Wann (gilt dies)? Wenn sie nach der Verheiratung geschieden worden ist. Sie gestehen aber zu, daß sie, wenn sie nach der Verlobung geschieden worden ist, keines zweiten Scheidebriefes von ihm bedarf, weil er mit ihr nicht vertraut ist. Wenn jemand auf Grund eines kahlen Scheidebriefes eine (Frau) geheiratet hat, so muß sie von dem einen wie von dem andern getrennt werden, und alle diese Bestimmungen gelten für sie.",
+ "Jeder darf (die Zeugenunterschriften) eines kahlen Scheidebriefes ergänzen; so sagt Ben Nannos. R. Akiba sagt: Nur Verwandte, die sonst als Zeugen zulässig sind, dürfen sie ergänzen. Was ist ein „kahler Scheidebrief“? Einer, der mehr Falten als Zeugen (unterschriften) hat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand, der sich von seiner Frau scheiden ließ, zu ihr gesagt hat: „Du seist nun jedem Menschen erlaubt, nur nicht dem N. N.“, so erklärt sie R. Eliëser für erlaubt. Die Weisen aber erklären sie für verboten. Wie soll er tun? Er soll ihn ihr abnehmen und ihr ihn nochmals geben und zu ihr sagen: „Du seist nun jedem Menschen erlaubt.“ Wenn er es in ihn geschrieben hat, so ist er, auch wenn er es wieder ausradiert hat, ungültig.",
+ "(Wenn jemand gesagt hat: „Du seist nun jedem Menschen erlaubt, nur nicht meinem Vater, deinem Vater, meinem Bruder, deinem Bruder, einem Sklaven, einem Nichtjuden“, oder sonst jemandem, dessen Eheschließung mit ihr ungültig ist, so ist er gültig. (Wenn er gesagt hat): „Du seist nun jedem Menschen erlaubt, nur nicht als Witwe einem Hohenpriester, als Geschiedene oder Chaluza einem gemeinen Priester, als Bastardin oder Nethina einem Israeliten, als Tochter eines Israeliten einem Bastard oder Nathin“, oder sonst jemandem, dessen Eheschließung mit ihr gültig ist, wenn auch eine Gesetzesübertretung damit verbunden ist, so ist er ungültig.",
+ "Der Hauptbestandteil des Scheidebriefes lautet: „Du bist nun jedem Menschen erlaubt.“ R. Jehuda sagt: (Er lautet): „Und dieses sei dir von mir Scheidungsschrift, Entlassungsbrief und Befreiungsurkunde, damit du gehen kannst, um dich mit wem du willst zu verheiraten.“ Der Hauptbestandteil des Freibriefes lautet: „Du bist nun eine Freie; du gehörst nun dir selber an.“",
+ "Drei Scheidebriefe sind ungültig; wenn sie aber geheiratet hat, so ist das Kind unbemakelt. Wenn er ihn mit eigener Hand geschrieben hat und keine Zeugen darauf (unterzeichnet) sind; wenn Zeugen darauf (unterzeichnet) sind, aber kein Datum darauf ist; wenn ein Datum darauf ist, aber nur ein Zeuge darauf (unterzeichnet) ist. Diese drei Scheidebriefe sind ungültig; wenn sie aber geheiratet hat, so ist das Kind unbemakelt. R. Eliëser sagt: Auch wenn keine Zeugen darauf (unterzeichnet) sind, er ihn ihr aber vor Zeugen gegeben hat, ist er gültig, und sie kann (damit von hypothekarisch belasteten Gütern (ihre Ketuba) einfordern, denn daß die Zeugen den Scheidebrief unterschreiben, hat man lediglich des allgemeinen Wohles wegen verordnet.",
+ "Wenn zwei (Männer) zwei gleichlautende Scheidebriefe geschickt haben und diese miteinander vermischt worden sind, so gibt man beide der einen (Frau) und beide der andern. Daher ist, wenn einer der beiden (Scheidebriefe) verlorengegangen ist, der zweite nichtig. Wenn fünf (Männer) gemeinschaftlich einen Scheidebrief geschrieben haben: „N. N. läßt sich von der N. N. scheiden und N. N. von der N. N.“ und die Zeugen darunter (unterzeichnet) sind, so ist er für alle gültig und wird jeder einzelnen (Frau) gegeben. Wenn aber für jede einzelne (Frau) ein besonderer Text geschrieben worden ist und die Zeugen darunter (unterzeichnet) sind, so ist nur der, mit dem die Zeugen(unterschriften) mitgelesen werden, gültig.",
+ "Wenn man zwei Scheidebriefe nebeneinander geschrieben hat, und zwei hebräische Zeugen darunter von dem einen (Scheidebrief) zu dem andern unterzeichnet sind, und zwei griechische Zeugen darunter von dem einen (Scheidebrief) zu dem andern unterzeichnet sind, so ist der (Scheidebrief), mit dem die ersten Zeugen(unterschriften) mitgelesen werden, gültig. Wenn ein hebräischer und ein griechischer Zeuge, ein hebräischer und ein griechischer Zeuge darunter von dem einen (Scheidebrief) zu dem andern unterzeichnet ist, so sind beide (Scheidebriefe) ungültig.",
+ "Wenn man etwas von dem Text des Scheidebriefes übriggelassen und auf die zweite Kolumne geschrieben hat, und die Zeugen darunter (unterzeichnet) sind, so ist er gültig. Wenn die Zeugen am Kopf der Kolumne unterschrieben haben, oder an der Seite, oder bei einem einfachen Scheidebrief auf seiner Rückseite, so ist er ungültig. Wenn man den Kopf eines (Scheidebriefes) mit dem Kopf eines andern zusammengesetzt hat und die Zeugen in der Mitte (unterzeichnet) sind, so sind beide ungültig. (Wenn man) den Schluß des einen (Scheidebriefes) mit dem Schluß des andern (zusammengesetzt hat) und die Zeugen in der Mitte (unterzeichnet) sind, so ist der (Scheidebrief), mit dem die Zeugen(unterschriften) mitgelesen werden, gültig. (Wenn man) den Kopf des einen (Scheidebriefes) mit dem Schluß des andern (zusammengesetzt hat) und die Zeugen in der Mitte (unterzeichnet) sind, so ist der (Scheidebrief), mit dessen Schluß die Zeugenunterschriften) mitgelesen werden, gültig.",
+ "Wenn ein Scheidebrief hebräisch geschrieben ist und seine Zeugenunterschriften griechisch sind, oder er griechisch (geschrieben) ist und seine Zeugenunterschriften hebräisch sind, oder wenn eine Zeugenunterschrift hebräisch und eine griechisch ist, oder wenn der Schreiber und ein Zeuge ihn geschrieben haben, so ist er gültig. (Wenn die Zeugenunterschrift lautet): „N. N., Zeuge“, so ist er gültig; (wenn): „Sohn des N. N., Zeuge“, so ist er gültig; (wenn): „N. N., Sohn des N. N.“, ohne daß er „Zeuge“ geschrieben hat, so ist er gültig. So pflegten auch die Reingesinnten in Jerusalem zu tun. Wenn man seinen Beinamen oder ihren Beinamen geschrieben hat, so ist er gültig. Ein durch Israeliten erzwungener Scheidebrief ist gültig, ein durch Nichtjuden (erzwungener) aber ungültig. Wenn ihn aber die Nichtjuden schlagen und zu ihm sagen: „Tu, was die Israeliten dich heißen!“, so ist er gültig.",
+ "Wenn über sie in der Stadt das Gerücht geht, daß sie angetraut worden ist, so gilt sie als angetraut; daß sie geschieden worden ist, so gilt sie als geschieden; nur darf nicht ein Grund vorhanden sein. Was ist ein (solcher) Grund? (Wenn es heißt): „N. N. hat sich von seiner Frau unter einer Bedingung scheiden lassen“; „Er hat ihr das Trauungsobjekt zugeworfen, und es war zweifelhaft, ob es näher zu ihr oder zu ihm lag“; das ist ein (solcher) Grund.",
+ "Bet-Schammai sagen: Man darf sich von seiner Frau nur scheiden lassen, wenn man an ihr etwas Schändliches gefunden hat, denn es heißt (Deut. 24, 1): „ … weil er an ihr etwas Schändliches gefunden hat…“. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Auch wenn sie seine Speise anbrennen ließ, denn es heißt: „ … weil er an ihr etwas Schändliches gefunden hat …“ R. Akiba sagt: Auch wenn er eine andere gefunden hat, die schöner ist als sie, denn es heißt (dorts.): „ … so sei es, wenn sie keine Gunst findet in seinen Augen …“"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9452f895eee8d2ea51fd37fd3540c6841a0d7e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "One who brings a get from abroad [to the Land of Israel] must declare, “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed.” Rabban Gamaliel says: even one who brings it from Rekem or from Heger. Rabbi Eliezer says: even one who brings it from Kefar Ludim to Lud. The sages, however, say: declaration “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed” is required only from one who brings a get from abroad or who takes it there. One who brings [a get] from one province to another province in foreign lands is also required to declare, “In my presence it was written, and in my presence it was signed.” Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even from one hegemony to another hegemony.",
+ "Rabbi Judah says: From Rekem eastwards, Rekem being like the east; from Ashkelon southwards, Ashkelon being like the south; and from Acco northwards, Acco being like the north. Rabbi Meir says: Acco counts as the land of Israel in the matter of bills of divorce.",
+ "One who brings a get within the land of Israel need not declare, “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed.” If there are those who protest [its validity] it must be established through the signatures. If one who brings a get from abroad is not able to declare “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed”, if there are witnesses on it, its validity can be established through its signatures.",
+ "Both bills of divorce and writs of emancipation are similar [concerning a messenger] who takes them [abroad from the land of Israel] to one who brings them [from abroad to the land of Israel]. This is one of the ways in which bills of divorce are similar to writs of emancipation.",
+ "Any document which has upon it the signature of a Samaritan is invalid, except for bills of divorce or a writ of emancipation. It happened that a bill of divorce was once brought before Rabban Gamaliel at Kefar Otnai and its witnesses were Samaritan, and he declared it valid. All documents which are accepted in the courts of non-Jew, even if those who signed on the documents are non-Jews, are valid except bills of divorce and of writs of emancipation. Rabbi Shimon says: these also are valid; they were only pronounced [to be invalid] when done by ordinary persons.",
+ "If a man says: “Give this get to my wife or this writ of emancipation to my slave”, if he wants he may change his mind on either document, the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: he may change his mind in the case of the get but not in the case of the writ of emancipation, since a benefit may be conferred on a person not in his presence but a disability may be imposed on him only in his presence; for if he does not want to maintain his slave he is permitted, but if he does not want to maintain his wife he is not permitted. Rabbi Meir said to them: behold, he disqualifies his slave from eating terumah [by emancipating him] in the same way that he disqualifies his wife [by divorcing her]? They said to him: [the slave is disqualified] because he is the priest’s property. If a man says, “Give this get to my wife or this writ of emancipation to my slave”, and dies [before they are given], they do not give [the documents] after his death. [If he said], “Give a maneh to so-and-so” and died, the money should be given after his death."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If one brings a get from abroad and declares: “It was written in my presence” but not, “It was signed in my presence”; “It was signed in my presence” but not “It was written in my presence”; “All of it was written in my presence and in my presence but only one of the witnesses signed in my presence”; “Half was written in my presence but both witnesses signed in my presence”; [in all these cases] the get is invalid. If one says “It was written in my presence” and another says, “It was signed in my presence”, the get is invalid. If two say, “It was written in our presence” and another says, “It was signed in my presence”, it is invalid. Rabbi Judah declares it valid. If one says, “It was written in my presence” and two say, “It was signed in our presence”, it is valid.",
+ "If [a get was] written by day and signed on the [same] day, written by night and signed on the [same] night, written by night and signed on the day [following], it is valid. If it was written by day and signed on the night [following], it is invalid. Rabbi Shimon validates it, for Rabbi Shimon used to say that all documents written by day and signed on the [following] night are invalid except bills of divorce.",
+ "They write [a get] with any material, with ink, with arsenic, with red chalk, with gum or with sulfate of copper or with anything which is lasting. It may not be written with liquids or with fruit juice or with anything that is not lasting. They write [a get] on anything: on an olive leaf, on the horn of an ox and he must give her the ox, or on the hand of a slave--and he must give her the slave. Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: they do not write [a get] on anything living or on food.",
+ "They do not write [a get] on something still attached to the ground. If he wrote it on something still attached, and then detached and signed and given to the wife, it is valid. Rabbi Judah invalidates it until it is both written and signed on something detached from the ground. Rabbi Judah ben Batera says: they do not write [a get] on a sheet from which writing has been erased nor on semi-finished parchment, for it can be faked. But the sages validate [such a get].",
+ "All are qualified to write a get, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile and a minor. A woman may write her own get and a man his own receipt [for the ketubah], since the document is upheld only by its signatures. All are qualified to bring a get except a deaf-mute, an imbecile, a minor, a blind person and a non-Jew.",
+ "If the minor had received the get [in order to deliver it] and then became of age; or the deaf-mute [received the get and then] his speech was restored; or the blind person [received the get and then] his sight was restored; or the imbecile [received the get and then] his reason returned; or the Gentile [received the get and then] converted, [the get] is invalid. But if a person of sound senses [received the get] and then became a deaf-mute and then recovered his speech; or one with sight [received the get and then] became blind and then recovered his sight; or one who was sane [received the get and then] went insane and then recovered his reason, [the get] is valid. The general principle is that anyone who begins and finishes [his mission] in full possession of his mental faculties is qualified.",
+ "Even the women who are not trusted to say “Her husband died,” are trusted to bring her get: her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her rival wife, her sister-in-law (husband’s brother’s wife) and the daughter of her husband. What is the difference between the get and death? The writing [on the get] proves [that she is divorced.] A woman may bring her own get but she must say, “In my presence it was signed and in my presence it was delivered.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Any get which is not written [expressly] for the woman [for whom it is intended] is invalid. How is this so? If a man was passing through the street and heard the voice of a scribe dictating “So-and-so divorces so-and-so from such and such a place” and he says “that is my name and that is the name of my wife”, it is not a valid [document] with which to divorce his wife. Moreover: if he wrote [a get] with which to divorce his wife and changed his mind and a person found him and said to him, “My name is the same as yours and my wife’s name the same as your wife’s”, it is not a valid [document with which the second] may divorce his wife. Moreover: if he had two wives with the same name and wrote a get with which to divorce the elder, he may not use it to divorce the younger. Moreover: if he said to the scribe, “Write [a get] and I will divorce whichever I choose,” it is not a valid [document] with which to divorce his wife.",
+ "[A scribe] who writes out formulas of bills of divorce must leave blank spaces for the name of the man and the name of the woman and the date. [A scribe who writes] loan documents must leave blank spaces for the name of the lender, the name of the borrower, the amount of money and the date. [A scribe who writes] sale documents must leave blank spaces for the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, the amount of money, the property and the date; [These spaces must be left blank] because of the “takkanah” (enactment). Rabbi Judah disqualifies all of them. Rabbi Elazar validates all of them valid except divorce documents, as it says, “He writes for her” (Deut 24:1), expressly for her.",
+ "One who brings a get and loses it on the way: If he finds it immediately it is valid, and if not it is not valid. If he finds it in a small bag or in a folder if he recognizes it, it is valid. If one brings a get and left [the husband] when [the husband] was an old man or sick, he should deliver it to her on the presumption that he is still alive. If the daughter of an ordinary Israelite is married to a priest and her husband goes abroad, she continues eating terumah on the presumption that he is still alive. If a man sends a sin-offering from abroad they sacrifice it on the presumption that he is still alive.",
+ "Three statements were made by Rabbi Elazar ben Parta before the Sages, and they upheld his words. About [people in] a besieged town; And about [people on] a ship listing at sea; And a person who has been brought to court [in a capital case] that they are presumed to be alive. [However, concerning people] in a besieged town which has been captured; Or [people in] a ship which has been lost at sea; Or a person who has been led out to execution we put upon them all of the stringencies of their being alive and all of the stringencies of their being dead. The daughter of an Israelite who has married a priest or the daughter of a priest who has married an Israelite may not eat of the terumah.",
+ "If one bringing a get in the land of Israel becomes sick, he can send it with another. But if [the husband] said to him, “Take for me from her such-and-such an object”, he may not send it [the get] with another, since the husband may not want his deposit in the hand of another.",
+ "If one bringing a get from abroad becomes sick, he may arrange a court of law and send him [on with the get,] declaring before them, “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed.” And the last agent is not required to say, “In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed”, rather he declares, “I am the messenger of a court.”",
+ "If a man lends money to a priest or a levite or a poor man on condition that he can may separate [terumah or tithes] from their portion, he may do so, in the presumption that they are still alive, and he need not be concerned that the priest or the levite may have died or the poor man may have become rich. If they died, he must obtain the permission of the heirs. If he made the loan in the presence of the court, he need not obtain permission from the heirs.",
+ "If a man sets aside produce in order to count it as terumah and tithe, or money in order to count it as second tithe, he may continue to count it as such in the presumption that they still exist. If they are lost, he must be concerned from time period to time period, the words of Rabbi Elazar ben Shammua. Rabbi Judah says: at three seasons they check the wine: when the east wind begins to blow at the end of Sukkot, when the buds first appear [on the vine], and when the juice begins to form in the grapes."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If man sends a get to his wife and then catches up with the messenger, or sends a messenger after the original messenger, and says to him, “The get which I gave you is annulled”, then it is annulled. If the husband arrives at his wife before [the messenger] or sends a messenger to her and says, “The get which I sent to you is annulled”, then it is annulled. Once the get has reached her hand, he cannot annul it.",
+ "Originally, a husband would bring together a court wherever he was and annul the get. Rabban Gamaliel the Elder established that this should not be done, because of tikkun olam. Originally the husband would change his name, or his wife’s name, or the name of his town or of his wife’s town. Rabban Gamaliel the Elder established that he should write, “The man so-and-so or any name that he has,”; “the woman so-and-so or any name that she has,” because of tikkun olam.",
+ "A widow is paid back [her kethubah] from the property of orphans only by taking an oath. [When the court] refrained from imposing an oath on her, Rabban Gamaliel the Elder established that she could take any vow which the orphans wanted and collect her kethubah. Witnesses sign their names on a get because of tikkun olam. Hillel instituted the prosbul because of tikkun olam.",
+ "A [non-Jewish] slave [of a Jew] was taken captive and then ransomed [by a third party]: If [he is ransomed] to be a slave he goes back to slavery. If [he is ransomed] as a free man he does not go back to slavery. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: in either case he goes back to slavery. If a man makes his slave a pledge [for a debt] to another man and then he emancipates him, according to the “letter of the law” the slave is not liable to do anything. But because of tikkun olam we force his [second] master to emancipate him and he [the slave] writes a document for his purchase price. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says that the slave does not write the document but rather the one who emancipates him.",
+ "One who is half a slave and half free works for his master one day and for himself one day, the words of Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: you have set things right for the master but you have not set things right for the slave. He cannot marry a female slave because he is already half free, and he cannot marry a free woman because he is half a slave. Shall he then decease [from having children]? But wasn’t the world only made to be populated, as it says, “He did not create it as a waste, he formed it to be inhabited” (Isaiah 45:18)? Rather because of tikkun olam we compel his master to emancipate him and he writes a document for half his purchase price. Beth Hillel retracted [their opinion and] ruled like Beth Shammai.",
+ "If a man sells his slave to a Gentile or [to someone living] outside the land [of Israel] the slave goes free. Captives should not be redeemed for more than their value, because of tikkun olam. Captives should not be helped to escape, because of tikkun olam. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says [that the reason is] to prevent the ill-treatment of fellow captives. Torah scrolls of the law, tefillin and mezuzoth are not bought from Gentiles at more than their value, because of tikkun olam.",
+ "If a man divorces his wife because of ill-repute, he cannot remarry her. If because of a vow, he cannot remarry her. Rabbi Judah says: [if he divorces her] for vows which she made in front of many people, he may not remarry her, but if for vows which she did not make in front of many people, he may remarry her. Rabbi Meir says: [if he divorces her] for a vow which requires the investigation of a sage, he may not remarry her, but if for one which does not require the investigation of a sage, he may remarry her. Rabbi Eliezer says: they only forbid that one because of that one. Rabbi Yose son of Rabbi Judah said: a case happened in Sidon of a man who said to his wife, “Konam, if I do not divorce you”, and he did divorce her, and the Sages permitted him to remarry her because of tikkun olam.",
+ "A man divorces his wife because she is an aylonit: Rabbi Judah says he may not remarry her, But the sages say that he may remarry her. She marries someone else and has children from him and then demands her ketubah settlement [from her first husband]: Rabbi Judah said, they say to her, “Your silence is better than your speaking.”",
+ "If a man sells himself and his children to a Gentile, he is not to be redeemed but his children are to be redeemed after the death of their father. If a man sells his field to a Gentile, and an Israelite bought it back, he has to bring, the purchaser must bring first fruits from it, because of tikkun olam."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Damages are paid out of [property of] the best quality; A creditor pays out of land of medium quality, And a ketubah is paid out of land of the poorest quality. Rabbi Meir says that a ketubah is also paid out of medium quality land.",
+ "Payment cannot be recovered from mortgaged property where there free property is available, even if it is only of the lowest quality. Payment can be recovered from orphans only from land of the lowest quality.",
+ "[Creditors] do not collect from mortgaged property for produce consumed, for the improvement of property, [and payment] for the maintenance of a widow and daughters, because of tikkun olam. The finder of a lost article is not required to take an oath, because of tikkun olam.",
+ "If orphans relied on a householder or if their father appointed a guardian for them, he must tithe their produce. A guardian who was appointed by the father of the orphans is required to take an oath. [A guardian who was] appointed by the court does not need to take an oath. Abba Shaul says that the rule is the reverse. One who renders impure [someone else’s pure food] or mixes terumah [with someone else’s non-terumah produce] or makes a libation [with someone else’s wine], if he does so inadvertently, he is exempt, but if intentionally he is liable. Priests who intentionally made someone else’s sacrifice piggul in the Temple are liable.",
+ "Rabbi Yohanan ben Gudgada testified concerning a deaf-mute whose father had given her in marriage, that she could be sent away with a bill of divorcement; And concerning a minor, daughter of an Israelite who married a priest, that she could eat terumah, and if she died her husband inherited from her; And concerning a stolen beam that had been built into a palace, that it might be restored by the payment of its value, because of the enactment to encourage repentance. And concerning a sin-offering that had been stolen, and this was not known to many, that it caused atonement because of the welfare of the altar.",
+ "There was no Sicaricon in Judea for those killed in war. After the war’s slaughter ended there is Sicaricon there. How so? If a man buys a field from the Sicaricon and then buys it again from the original owner, his purchase is void, but if he buys it first from the original owner and then from the Sicaricon it is valid. If a man buys [a piece of a married woman’s property] from the husband and then buys it from the wife, the purchase is void, but if he buys it first from the wife and then from the husband it is valid. This was [the ruling] of the first mishnah. The court that came after them said if a man buys property from the Sicaricon he had to give the original owner a quarter [of the value]. When is this so? When the original owners cannot buy it themselves, but if they can they have preemption over everyone else. Rabbi assembled a court and they decided by vote that if the property had been in the hands of the Sicaricon twelve months, whoever purchased it first acquired the title, but he had to give a quarter [of the price] to the original owner.",
+ "A deaf-mute can gesture and be gestured at [and thereby conduct transactions]. Ben Betera says that he may make lip-motions, if the transaction is of movable property. The purchase or sale done by young children in movable property is valid.",
+ "These were the rules they laid down because of the ways of peace: A priest is called up first to read the Torah and after him a Levite and then an Israelite, because of the ways of peace. An “eruv” is placed in the room where it has always been placed, because of the ways of peace. The cistern which is nearest to the channel is filled first, because of the ways of peace. [Taking of] beasts, birds and fishes from traps [set by others] is robbery, because of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yose says that it is actual robbery. [Taking away] anything found by a deaf-mute, an idiot or a minor is robbery, because of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yose says that it is actual robbery. If a poor man strikes [down olives] on top of an olive tree, [taking the fruit] that is beneath him is robbery. Rabbi Yose says that it is actual robbery. Poor Gentiles are not prevented from gathering gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the corners of the field, because of the ways of peace.",
+ "A woman may lend to another woman who is suspected of not observing the sabbatical year a fan or a sieve or a handmill or a stove, but she should not sift or grind with her. The wife of a “haver” may lend to the wife of an “am ha-aretz” a fan or a sieve and may winnow and grind and sift with her, but once she has poured water over the flour she should not touch anything with her, because we do not assist those who commit a transgression. All these rules were only said because of the ways of peace. Gentiles may be wished luck in the Sabbatical year but not Israelites and greeting may be given to them, because of the ways of peace."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a man says, “Receive this get on behalf of my wife”, or, “Carry this get to my wife”, if he desires to retract [before the wife receives it] he may do so. If a woman says, “Receive the get on my behalf”, [and he does so], if [the husband] wants to retract he may not do so. Therefore if the husband said to him, “I do not want you to receive it on her behalf, but rather carry it and give it to her”, then if he wishes to retract he may do so. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even if the wife says “Take for me”, [and he does so] the husband may not retract.",
+ "A woman who said [to an agent], “Receive my get for me” requires two sets of witnesses, two to say, “In our presence she told him”, and two to say, “In our presence he received [the get] and tore it”. Even if the first set are the same [witnesses] as the latter set or if there was one in the first set and one in the second, and one joined with them [for both testimonies]. If a young girl is betrothed, both she and her father may receive her get. Rabbi Judah said that two [different] hands cannot take possession as one. Rather her father alone may receive her get. One who is not able to keep her get is not capable of being divorced.",
+ "If a young girl says, “Receive my get for me”, it is not a get until the get reaches her hand. Therefore, if [the husband] wishes to retract, he may retract, since a minor cannot appoint an agent. But if her father said to him, “Go and receive a get for my daughter”, the husband may not retract. If a man says, “Give this get to my wife in such-and-such a place” and he gives it to her in another place, [the get is] invalid. [If he says,] “She is in such-and-such a place”, and he gives it to her in another place, [it is] valid. If a woman says, “Receive my get in such-and-such a place” and he receives it for her in another place, [it is] invalid. Rabbi Eliezer says it valid. [If she says,] “Bring me my get from such-and-such a place” and he brings it from somewhere else, [it is] valid.",
+ "[If a woman says to an agent], “Bring me my get”, she may eat terumah until the get reaches her hand. [If she says,] “Receive for me my get”, she is forbidden to eat terumah immediately. [If she says,] “Receive for me my get in such-and-such a place”, she can eat terumah until the get reaches that place. Rabbi Eliezer says that she is forbidden immediately.",
+ "If a man says, “Write a get and give it to my wife”, [or] “Divorce her”, [or] “Write a letter and give it to her”, then they should write it and give it to her. If he said, “Release her”, [or] “Provide for her”, [or] “Do for her as the law dictates”, [or] “Do the proper thing for her”, he has not said anything. Originally they said that if a man was being led out to execution and said, “Write a get for my wife”, they may write a get and give [it to her]. Later they said, even if he were leaving for a sea voyage or for a caravan journey. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: even if he were dangerously ill.",
+ "If a man had been thrown into a pit and cried out, “Whoever hears his voice should write a get for his wife”, those who hear should write a get and give it to her. If a healthy man says, “Write a get for my wife”, his intention is merely to play with her. It once happened that a man in good health said, “Write a get for my wife”, and then went up on to a roof and fell and died, and Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said that the Sages said: if he had thrown himself down this is a get, but if the wind had blown him over it was not a get.",
+ "If a man said to two people, “Give a get to my wife”, or to three people, “Write a get and give it to my wife”, they must write it and give it. If he said to three persons, “Give a get to my wife”, they may tell others to write the get because he has made them into a court, the words of Rabbi Meir. And this is the halakhah which Rabbi Hanina a man of Ono brought from prison: “I have received a tradition that if a man says to three persons, ‘Give a get to my wife’, they may tell others to write it, because he has made them into a court. Rabbi Yose said: We said to the messenger, we also have a tradition that even were he to say to the great court in Jerusalem, ‘Give a get to my wife’, they must learn [to write] and write the get and give it. If a man says to ten persons, “Write a get”, one writes, and two sign as witnesses. [If he said,] “All of you write”, one writes and all sign. Therefore, if one of them dies, the get is invalid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a man is gripped by the kordiakos illness and says, “Write a get for my wife”, he has not said anything. If he says, “Write a get for my wife”, and is then gripped by kordiakos and then says, “Do not write it”, his latter words are of no effect. If he becomes mute, and they say to him, “Should we write a get for your wife”, and he nods his head, he is tested three times. If he answers ‘no’ and ‘yes’ properly each time, then they should write the get.",
+ "They said to him, “Shall we write a get for your wife”, and he said to them, “Write!”, and they then told a scribe and he wrote and witnesses and they signed even if they wrote it and signed it and gave it back to him and he gave it to her, the get is void until he himself says to the scribe “Write” and to the witnesses, “Sign”.",
+ "[If a husband says], “This is your get if I die”, [or] “This is your get if I die from this illness”, [or] “This is your get after my death”, he has not said anything. [If he says, “This is your get] from today if I die”, [or “This is your get] from now if I die”, the get is valid. [If he says, “This is your get] from today and after [my] death”, it is both a get and not a get. If he dies [without offspring] she must perform halizah but she cannot marry the husband’s brother. [If he said], “This is your get from today if I die from this illness”, and he then got up and went about and fell sick and died, we estimate [the probable cause of his death]; if he died from the first illness, the get is valid, but otherwise not.",
+ "She should not be alone with him except in the presence of witnesses, even a slave or a handmaid [any witness is sufficient] except for her own female slave, since she can take liberties in front of her own handmaid. What is her status during those days? Rabbi Judah says that she is regarded as a married woman in every respect. Rabbi Yose says that she is both divorced and not divorced.",
+ "[If a husband says], “This is your get on condition that you give me two hundred zuz”, she is divorced and she has to give [him the money]. [If he says], “On condition that you give [the money to] within thirty days from now, if she gives him within thirty days she is divorced, but if not she is not divorced. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: “It happened in Sidon that a man said to his wife, “This is your get on condition that you give me my robe”, and his robe was lost, and the Sages said that she should give him its value in money.",
+ "[If a husband says], “This is your get on condition that you look after my father”, [or] “On condition that you nurse my child” How long must she nurse? Two years. Rabbi Judah says, eighteen months. If the child dies or the father dies, the get is valid. [If he says], “This is your get on condition that you look after my father for two years”, [or] “On condition that you nurse my child for two years”, if the child dies or if the father says, “I don’t want you to look after me”, even though she has not caused him to complain, the get is invalid. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: something like this is a get. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said a general rule: wherever the obstacle does not arise from her side, the get is valid.",
+ " [If a husband says,] “This is your get if I do not return within thirty days”, and he was going from Judea to Galilee, if he got as far as Antipatras and then returned, his condition is broken. [If he says,] “This is your get if I do not return within thirty days”, and he was going from Galilee to Judea, if he got as far as Kefar Otnai and then returned, the condition is broken. [If he said,] “This is your get if I do not return within thirty days”, and he was going into foreign parts, if he got as far as Acco and then returned his condition is broken. [If he said,] “This is your get as long as I shall keep away from you for thirty days”, even though he came and went and came and went, since he was not secluded with her, the get is valid.",
+ "[If a husband says,] “This is your get if I do not return within twelve months”, and he dies within twelve months, it is not a get. [If he says,] “This is your get from now if I do not return within twelve months”, and he dies within twelve months, it is a get. ",
+ "[If a husband says,] “If I do not come back within twelve months, write a get and give it to my wife”, and they wrote a get before twelve months had passed and gave it to her after, it is not a get. [If he said,] “Write a get and give it to my wife if I do not come back within twelve months”, and they wrote it before the twelve months had passed and gave it after, it is no get. Rabbi Yose says: like this is a get. If they wrote it after twelve months and delivered it after twelve months and he died, if the delivery of the get preceded his death the get is valid, but if his death preceded the delivery of the get it is not valid. If it is not known which was first, this is the woman about whom they said, “[She is] divorced and not divorced.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a husband throws a get to his wife, and she is in her house or in her courtyard, she is divorced. If he throws it to her in his house or in his courtyard, even though it is with her on the same bed, she is not divorced. If he throws it into her lap or into her basket, she is divorced.",
+ "If he said to her, “Take in this debt document”, or if she found it behind him and read it and it turned out to be her get, it is not a get, until he says to her, “Here is your get.” If he put it into her hand while she was asleep and when she woke up she read it and found it was her get, it is not a get until he says to her, “Here is your get.” If she was standing in the public domain and he threw it to her, if it lands near her she is divorced, but if it lands near him she is not divorced. If it lands midway, she is divorced and not divorced.",
+ "Similarly with betrothals and similarly with a debt. If a man’s creditor said to him, “Throw me my debt”, and he threw it to him, if it lands nearer to the creditor, the borrower is credited [with paying back his debt]; if it lands nearer to the borrower, the borrower is still obligated [to repay the money]; if it lands midway, they divide. If she was standing on a roof and he threw it up to her, as soon as it reaches the airspace of the roof, she is divorced. If he was above and she below and he threw it to her, once it has left the space of the roof, [even were it to be immediately] erased or burnt, she is divorced.",
+ "Bet Shammai says: a man may divorce his wife with an old get, but Bet Hillel forbids this. What is meant by an old get? One where he was secluded with her after he wrote it.",
+ "If the get was dated by an unfit kingship, by the empire of Medea, by the empire of Greece, by the building of the Temple or by the destruction of the Temple, Or if being in the east he wrote “in the west”, or being in the west he wrote “in the east”, She must leave this one and that one, and she also requires a get from this one and that one. She has no ketubah, no usufruct, no support money or worn clothes, neither from this one nor from that one. If she has taken anything from this one or that one, she must return it. The child from this one or that one is a mamzer. Neither this one nor that one may impurify himself for her. Neither this one and that one has a claim to whatever she may find, nor what she makes with her hands, nor to invalidate her vows. If she was the daughter of an Israelite, she becomes disqualified from marrying a priest; if the daughter of a Levite, from the eating of tithe; and if the daughter of a priest, from the eating of terumah. Neither the heirs of this one nor the heirs of that one are entitled to inherit her ketubah. And if [the husbands] die, the brother of the one and the brother of the other must perform halitzah, but may not contract yibbum. If his name or her name or the name of his town or the name of her town was wrongly given, she must leave both husbands and all the above consequences apply to her.",
+ "With regard to all of the near relatives concerning whom they said “their rivals are permitted to marry [without halitzah]”: If the rival wives went and married and it was then found that this one (the near relative) was an aylonit, [the rival wife who married] must leave both husbands and all these consequences apply to her.",
+ "If a man marries his sister-in-law and her rival wife goes and marries another man and it was found that the first is an aylonit, the other must leave both husbands and all these consequences apply to her.",
+ "If a scribe wrote a get for the husband and a receipt for the wife and by mistake gave the get to the wife and the receipt to the husband and the two exchanged them and after some time the get came out of the hands of the man and the receipt out of the hands of the woman, she must leave both husbands and all these things apply to her. Rabbi Eliezer says: if [it comes out of her hands] immediately, it is not a get, but if [it comes out of her hands] after some time, it is a get; it is not in the power of the first to render void the right of the second. If a man wrote a get with which to divorce his wife and then changed his mind, Bet Shammai says that he has disqualified her from marrying a priest. Bet Hillel says that even if he gave it to her with a certain stipulation, if the condition was not fulfilled, he has not disqualified her for marrying a priest.",
+ "A man divorces his wife and then stays with her over night in an inn: Bet Shammai says: she does not require from him a second get, But Beth Hillel say she does require a second get from him. When is this so? When she was divorced after marriage. And [Beth Hillel] agrees that if she is divorced after betrothal, she does not require a second get from him, because he would not [yet] take liberties with her. If a man marries a [divorced] woman through a “bald” get, she must leave both husbands and all the above-mentioned consequences apply to her.",
+ "A “bald” get anyone can complete its signatures, the words of Ben Nannas. But Rabbi Akiva says that it may be completed only by relatives who are qualified to testify elsewhere. What is a “bald” get? One which has more folds than signatures."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a man divorces his wife and said to her, “You are free to marry any man but so-and-so”, Rabbi Eliezer permits her [to marry on the strength of this get], but the rabbis forbid her. What should he do? He should take it back from her and give it to her again saying, “You are free to marry any man.” If he wrote [the restriction] in the get, even though he went back and erased it, it is invalid.",
+ "[If he said,] “You are permitted to any man but my father, your father, my brother, your brother, a slave, a Gentile, or anyone to whom she is incapable of being betrothed,” the get is valid. [If he said,] “You are permitted to anyone but (supposing she was a widow) a high priest, or, (supposing she was a divorcee or a halutzah) an ordinary priest, or, (supposing she was a mamzeret or a netinah) a regular Israelite, or (supposing she was an Israelite) a mamzer or a natin, or anyone who is capable of betrothing her even in transgression, the get is invalid.",
+ "The body of the get is: “Behold you are permitted to any man.” Rabbi Judah says: [he must add] “And this shall be to you from me a writ of divorce and a letter of release and a bill of dismissal, with which you may go and marry any man that you wish.” The body of a writ of emancipation is: “Behold you are a free woman”, “Behold you belong to yourself.”",
+ "There are three gittin which are invalid but if a woman marries [on the strength of one of them] the child is fit: If the husband wrote it with his own hand but there are no witnesses on it. If there are witnesses on it but no date. If it has a date but only one witness. These are three gittin which are invalid but if a woman marries [on the strength of one of them] the child is fit. Rabbi Elazar says even though there are no witnesses on it, as long as he gave it to her in the presence of witnesses it is valid, [and on the strength of it] she may collect her ketubah [even] from mortgaged property, since the witnesses only sign on the get because of tikkun olam.",
+ "Two men sent two identical gittin [to their wives] and they became mixed up they give both of them to this wife and both of them to this wife. Therefore, if one of them was lost the other is void. If five men wrote jointly in the same get, “So-and-so divorces so-and-so and so-and-so [divorces] so-and-so and the witnesses [signed] below, all are valid and the get is to be given to each [of the women]. If the scribe wrote out the formula for each one and the witnesses signed below, only the one with which the signatures are read is valid.",
+ "If two gittin are written [on the same sheet] side by side and the signatures of two witnesses in Hebrew [stretch] from under one to under the other and then signatures of two witnesses in Greek [stretch] from under one get to under the other, the one with which the two first signatures are read is valid. If there is one signature in Hebrew and one in Greek and then another signature in Hebrew and a signature in Greek [stretching] from under one [get] to under the other, both are invalid.",
+ "If he left over some of the get [from the first sheet] and he wrote the rest of the get on the next column and the witnesses [sign] below, [the get is] valid. If the witnesses have signed at the top of the sheet or at the side or on the back of a simple get, it is invalid. If he connected the top of one get to the top of another and the witnesses’ signatures are between the two, both of them are invalid. If the end of one is connected to the end of the other and the witnesses’ signatures are between, the one with which the witnesses’ signatures reads is valid. If the top of one is connected to the bottom of the other and the witnesses’ signatures are in the middle, the one with which the witnesses’ signatures reads is valid.",
+ "A get which was written in Hebrew and whose signatures are in Greek, or was written in Greek and whose signatures are in Hebrew, or which has one Hebrew signature and one Greek signature, or which was written by a scribe and signed by one witness, is valid. [If a man signs], “So-and-so, witness,” it is valid. [If he signs,] “Son of so-and-so, witness, it is valid. [If he signs,] “So-and-so son of so-and-so” and he didn’t write “witness”, it is valid. If he wrote his own family name and hers, the get is valid. And this is how the scrupulous in Jerusalem would do. A get given imposed by court: in the case of a Jewish court is valid, and in the case of a Gentile court is invalid. And with regard to Gentiles, if they beat him and say to him, “Do what the Israelites say to you,” (and it is valid).",
+ "If a report goes out in the town: “[A certain woman is] betrothed,” she is regarded as betrothed; [If a report goes out in the town: “A certain woman is] divorced,” she is regarded as divorced. [This is only the case] provided the report has no qualification. What is meant by a qualification? [If the report is,] “So-and-so divorced his wife with a stipulation” [or], “He threw her the betrothal money, but it is uncertain whether it landed nearer to her or nearer to him” this is a qualification.",
+ "Bet Shammai says: a man should not divorce his wife unless he has found her guilty of some unseemly conduct, as it says, “Because he has found some unseemly thing in her.” Bet Hillel says [that he may divorce her] even if she has merely burnt his dish, since it says, “Because he has found some unseemly thing in her.” Rabbi Akiva says, [he may divorce her] even if he finds another woman more beautiful than she is, as it says, “it cometh to pass, if she find no favour in his eyes”."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67c8483cfdf9a413cbfb58d1f6531823fcdf312e
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] one who brings a bill of divorce from overseas and said, \"It was written in my presence, but it was not signed in my presence;\" [or,] \"It was signed in my presence but it was not written in my presence;\" [or,] \"The whole [bill of divorce] was written in my presence, but [only] half of it was signed in my presence;\" [or,] \"Half of it was written in my presence and all of it was signed in my presence,\" it is invalid. [If] one says, \"It was written in my presence,\" and one says, \"It was signed in my presence,\" it is invalid. [If] two say, \"It was written in our presence,\" and one says, \"It was signed in my presence,\" it is invalid. But Rabbi Yehudah declares it valid. [If] one says, \"It was written in my presence,\" and two say, \"It was signed in our presence,\" it is valid.",
+ "If it was written in the daytime and signed in the daytime, [or written] at night and signed at night, [or written] at night, but signed in the daytime, it is valid. If it was written in the daytime, but signed at night, it is invalid. But Rabbi Shimon declares it valid, as Rabbi Shimon would say, \"All documents written during the daytime and signed at night are invalid, except for bills of divorce.\"",
+ "One may write [a bill of divorce] with any [material]: with ink, with paint, with red paint, with gum, or with vitriol black, and with every other permanent material. One may not write [it] with a drink, nor with fruit juice, nor with any impermanent material. One may write [it] on anything: on an olive leaf; on a cow's horn, but he must give her the cow; on the hand of a slave, but he must give her the slave. Rabbi Yossi HaGelili says, \"One may not write on anything that has the spirit of life, nor on foods.\" ",
+ "One may not write [it] on anything that is attached to the ground. [If] one wrote it on something attached, [and] he detached it and signed it and gave it to her, it is valid. Rabbi Yehudah declares it invalid, until its writing and its signing be on something that is detached [from the ground]. Rabbi Yehudah ben Beteirah says, \"One may not write it erased paper, nor on hide prepared for writing, because it can be [easily] forged.\" But the Sages declare it valid.",
+ "All are qualified to write a bill of divorce, even a deaf-mute, a shoteh and a minor. A woman may write her own bill of divorce, and the husband his receipt [for the amount of the ketubah [monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband] he has paid her], because the affirmation of legal documents depends solely on the signers. All are valid [agents] to bring a bill of divorce, except for a deaf-mute, an shoteh, a minor, a blind person, and a non-Jew.",
+ "[If] a minor accepted a bill of divorce [to deliver] and came of age [before he delivered it], or a deaf person and he recovered his hearing, or a blind person and he recovered his sight, or a shoteh [a person who exhibits signs indicating profound mental incompetence] and he became mentally competent, or a non-Jew and he converted, [the bill of divorce] is invalid. But [if he] was hearing, and became deaf and then recovered his hearing; or he was seeing, and he became blind, and then recovered his sight; or a mentally competent person, and he became a shoteh, and then became mentally competent again, it is valid. This is the rule: Any case in which [at] the beginning and end [he] was with [his] full faculties, it is valid.",
+ "Even those women who are not believed to say [with regard to a woman], \"Her husband died,\" are believed to bring her bill of divorce: her mother-in-law, and the daughter of her mother-in-law, her sister-wife, the wife of her husband's brother, and her husband's daughter. What is the difference between [testifying about] a bill of divorce and [about] death? Because [with regard to the bill of divorce] the writing, [i.e., the bill itself,] proves [the testimony to be accurate]. A woman herself may bring her own bill of divorce, but she must declare, \"It was written and signed in my presence.\""
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] one who sends a bill of divorce to his wife [via a messenger], and then catches up with the messenger, or sent [another] messenger after the first, and said, \"The bill of divorce that I gave to you is cancelled,\" then it is cancelled. If the husband preceded the messenger [in getting] to the woman, or if he sent [a second] messenger, and he said to her, \"The bill of divorce that I sent you is cancelled,\" then it is cancelled. If [he makes this statement] from, [i.e., after,] the moment that the bill of divorce reached her hands, he can no longer cancel it.",
+ "At first, a man [who had already sent his wife a bill of divorce by means of a messenger] would set up a religious court in a different place [from where the wife lived] and cancel [the bill of divorce]. Rabban Gamliel the Elder enacted that they not be able to do this, due to [the need for] repairing the world [Tikkun HaOlam]. At first, a man could change his name and her name, the name of his city, or the name of her city. Rabban Gamliel the Elder enacted that one would write: \"The man, So-and-so, and any other name that he has, and the woman, So-and-so, and any other name that she has,\" due to Tikkun HaOlam.",
+ "A widow may only collect [the debt owed from her ketubah, monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband] from the property of orphans by [taking] an oath. They stopped imposing an oath; Rabban Gamliel the Elder enacted that she may make a vow with regard to whatever they desire, and collects her ketubah. Witnesses sign on a bill of divorce, due to Tikkun HaOlam. Hillel instituted the pruzbul [a court-issued exemption from the Sabbatical year cancellation of a personal loan] due to Tikkun HaOlam. ",
+ "[With regard to] a slave who was kidnapped and they ransomed him, if [he was ransomed] in order to be a slave, he may be enslaved. If [he was ransomed] to be a free man, he may not be enslaved. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: \"Either way he may be enslaved.\" [With regard to] a slave whose master mortgaged him to others, and then freed him, the baseline law is that the slave is not obligated at all. However, due to Tikkun HaOlam they force his [second] master to free him, and [the slave must] write a document [of debt] for his money's worth to him. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: \"[The slave] does not write [a debt document], rather the [original] one who freed him [does].\"",
+ "One who is half slave and half free-man, serves his master one day and [works for] himself one day. These are the words of Beit Hillel. Beit Shammai said to them: \"You have repaired [the situation] for his master, but for himself you have not repaired it. To marry a maidservant is impossible [i.e., forbidden], for he is half-free. [To marry] a free-woman is impossible, for he is half-slave. And was not the world created for the sake of reproduction, as it says (Isaiah 45:18) \"Not for emptiness did He create it, but for settlement He formed it.\" Rather, due to Tikkun HaOlam, we force his master and he makes him a free-man, and [the slave] writes a document [of debt] for half his value. Beit Hillel retracted and ruled in accordance with the words of Beit Shammai.",
+ "[With regard to] one who sells his slave to a non-Jew or to someone outside Eretz Yisrael, [the slave automatically] goes free. We do not ransom captives for more than they are worth, due to Tikkun HaOlam. We do not help captives escape, due to Tikkun HaOlam. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: \"[It is] due to the enactment of the captives. We do not buy sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls], tefillin, and mezuzot from the non-Jews for more than their worth, due to Tikkun HaOlam.",
+ "[With regard to] one who divorced his wife due to her bad reputation, he may not remarry her. If it was because of a vow [that she made], he may not remarry her. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"[In the case of] any vow that was known to the public, he may not remarry her. [But for one] that was not known to the public, he may remarry her.\" Rabbi Meir says, \"[In the case of] any vow that required the inspection of a Sage[to determine if it can be annulled], he may not remarry her. If it does not require inspection of a Sage, he may remarry her.\" Rabbi Eliezer said, \"This one was only prohibited due to that one. Rabbi Yossi, son of Rabbi Yehudah, said, \"There was an occurrence in Sidon with one man who said to his wife, \"I take a vow if I do not divorce you, and he divorced her. The rabbis allowed them to remarry, due to Tikkun HaOlam.",
+ "[With regard to] one who divorces his wife because she is an aiylonit [[a woman with arrested sexual development who cannot bear children], Rabbi Yehudah says, \"He may not remarry her.\" The Sages say, \"He may remarry her.\" If she married someone else, and she had children with him, and she demands her ketubah [from the first husband], Rabbi Yehudah says, \"We say to her, 'Your silence is better than your speaking.'\"",
+ "[With regard to] one who sells himself and his children to a non-Jew, we do not redeem him. But we redeem the children after the death of their father. [With regard to] one who sells his field to a non-Jew, and a Jew buys it back from him, the buyer brings the first fruits from it, due to Tikkun HaOlam."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[Compensation for] damages are assessed from the highest [quality field]; and for a creditor, from the medium [quality field]; and for the payment of a ketubah [monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband], from the lowest [quality field]. Rabbi Meir says, \"Even the ketubah [is to be paid] from the medium [quality field.]\"",
+ "We do not collect[ payment] from mortgaged property [in the hands of others], when there is unmortgaged property [i.e, belonging to the debtor], even if it is from the lowest quality. We do not collect from the property of orphans except for from the lowest quality.",
+ "We do not extract [payment] for usufruct, for the improvement of the land, or for the food of a wife and daughters [of a former marriage] from mortgaged property, due to repairing the world [Tikkun HaOlam]. And we do not impose an oath upon the finder of an object due to Tikkun HaOlam.",
+ "[With regard to] orphans who are dependent on a [particular] homeowner, or [in the case that] their father had appointed a guardian for them, these people must tithe the [orphans'] fruit. A guardian who was appointed by the father, must take an oath; if the court appointed him need not take an oath. Abba Shaul says, \"It is just the reverse.\" [With regard to] one who renders [fruit belonging to another] ritually impure, or mixes it [with terumah, a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household], or mixes [his wine with other wine used for idolatrous] libations. [If he did so] unwittingly, he is exempt [from paying damages]; if on purpose, he is liable. Kohanim who purposely render sacrifices pigul [a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to the intention of the officiating priest, while offering it, to consume it outside its permitted time], are liable.",
+ "Rabbi Yochanan ben Gudgodah testified about a deaf woman whose father had married her off that she may leave her marriage with a bill of divorce; and about a female minor Israelite who was married to a Kohen that she may eat terumah, and if she dies her husband inherits her [property]; and about a stolen beam that nwas built into a castle that[ the owner] collects its monetary [value], dut to the enactment of returning[ stolen objects]; and about a stolen sin-offering that was unknown to the public [when offered in the Temple] does provide atonement, due to the enactment [on behalf] of the altar. ",
+ "The law of sikrikon [violent individuals who acquired fields and houses by use or threat of force, including murder] was not in force in Judea during the time of the war when many Jews were being killed, but from that time on it did apply. How so? If one purchased land from the sikrikon, and then he purchased it from its [rightful] owner, the sale is void; however, [if he purchased it] from the owner and then he purchased it from the sikrikon, the sale is valid. If one purchased [a field] from the husband, and then he purchased it from his wife, the sale is void; but [if he purchased it first] from the wife, and then he purchased it from the husband, the sale is valid. This was the first teaching. But a different court decided that one who purchases [a field] from the sikrikon must pay a quarter to the [rightful] owner. This is when it is not in [the owner's] ability to repurchase [his field]; but if he has the ability to repurchase the field, [the owners] are preferred over anyone else [to repurchase the field]. Rabbi [Yehudah HaNasi] established a court and they decided by consensus that if [a field] remained in the hands of the sikrikon for twelve months, whoever precedes others gains the rights [to purchase the filed] but he must pay a quarter to the [previous] owner.",
+ "A deaf person may indicate and be indicated to [with signs between contracting parties]. Ben Beteirah says, \"Mouthing [words] and being mouthed to [is effective] for movable property.\" [With regard to] children at the age of discernment, their purchase and sale is valid with regard to movable property.",
+ "These are the things they said [i.e., enacted] due to \"ways of peace:\" A Kohen should read [the Torah] first, and after him a Levite, and after him an Israelite due to \"ways of peace;\" we place the eruv [halachic merging of separate domains by means of setting aside an amount of food in a designated place] in an old house, due to \"ways of peace\"; the well nearest to the water-course must be filled first, due to \"ways of peace.\" [With regard to] traps for wild animals, birds or fish or traps are included in the laws of theft, due to \"ways of peace.\" Rabbi Yossi says, \"It is actual theft.\" What a deaf person, a person who exhibits signs indicating severe mental incompetence, or a minor finds [is his own], and [stealing from him] is included in the laws of theft. due to \"ways of peace.\" Rabbi Yossi says, \"It is actual theft.\" In the case of a poor person beating down olives from the top of a tree, that which is under him is included in the laws of theft. Rabbi Yossi says, \"It is actual theft.\" We do not prevent non-Jewish poor from gathering leket[that which is dropped in the course of harvesting, which is reserved for the poor] the forgotten [grain], and the produce of the corner of the field [reserved for the poor], due to \"ways of peace.\"",
+ "One woman may lend to another who is suspected [not to observe properly the laws] of the Sabbatical year, a flour-sieve, a winnow, a handmill, and a stove, but she may not assist her to winnow nor to grind. The wife of a chaver [one who scrupulously observes the detailed laws of tithes and ritual purity] may lend to the wife of an unlearned person, a flour-sieve or a winnow, and may aid her to winnow, to grind, or to sift; but as soon as water is poured over the flour, she may not further assist her, for we may not aid those who transgress the law. All of [these permitted acts] are due to \"ways of peace.\" We may aid non-Jews [who works in the fields] during the Sabbatical year, but [we may not] aid an Israelite; and we ask how he is, due to \"ways of peace.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "[With regard to] one who says, \"Accept this bill of divorce on behalf of my wife,\" or, \"Bring this bill of divorce to my wife,\" he may take it back if he wants. [With regard to ] a woman who said [to a messenger], \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf,\" if [the husband] wants to take it back, he cannot. Therefore, if the husband says to [the messenger], \"I do not wish that you should accept it on her behalf, rather, go bring it her [as my messenger],\" he may take it back if he wants. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says, \"Even if she said, 'Pick up my bill of divorce,' if [the husband] wants to take it back, he cannot.\"",
+ "[With regard to] a wife who said, \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf,\" she requires two sets of witnesses; two who [must] say, \"In our presence she uttered [this order],\" and two who [must] say, \"In our presence [the messenger] received the bill of divorce and tore it up.\" Even if the first group is the same as the second group, or one of the first and one of the second pair of witnesses [as long as] another [witness] joins with them. [With regard to] a betrothed pubescent girl, either she or her father may accept her bill of divorce. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"Two hands [i.e., people] cannot posses that right at the same time; rather, only her father may accept her bill of divorce.\" And any female who is unable to take proper care of her bill of divorce, cannot be divorced at all.",
+ "[With regard to] a female minor who said, \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf,\" it is not an [effective] bill until it has reached her hands. Therefore, if the husband wished to revoke it, he can do so, because a minor cannot appoint a messenger. However, if her father said [to the messenger], \"Go and accept my daughter's bill of divorce on her behalf,\" if the husband wished to revoke it, he cannot. [With regard to] one who says, \"Give this bill of divorce to my wife in the place Such-and-such a place\" and [the messenger] gave it to her elsewhere, it is invalid. [But had the husband said merely] \"My wife is in Such-and-such a place\" and [the messenger] gave it her in another place, it is valid. [With regard to] a woman who says, \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf in Such-and-such a place,\" and he accepted it for her in another place, it is invalid; Rabbi Eliezer declares it valid. [If she said,] \"Bring me my bill of divorce from Such-and-such a place,\" and he brought it from elsewhere, it is valid.",
+ "[If she says,] \"Bring me my bill of divorce,\" she may eat terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household] until the bill of divorce reaches her hands. [If she says,] \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf,\" it is prohibited for her to eat terumah immediately. [If she said,] \"Accept my bill of divorce on my behalf in Such-and-such a place,\" she may eat terumah until the bill of divorce reaches that place; Rabbi Eliezer prohibits it immediately.",
+ "[With regard to] one who says, \"Write a bill of divorce , and give it to my wife,\" or, \"Divorce her,\" or, \"Write her a letter and give it her,\" they shall write it and give it [to her]. [If he said,] \"Release her,\" or, \"Provide her her maintenance,\" or, \"Do with her as is customary,\" or, \"Do with her as is proper,\" he has said nothing [of significance]. Originally, they would say [that with regard to] one who was being led out with an iron collar [to the place of execution], and he said, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" they shall write it and give it [to her]. They retracted [that] to say, \"Even one who is going to sea, or to travel with a caravan [in the desert].\" Rabbi Shimon Shazuri says, \"Even one who is dangerously ill.\"",
+ "[With regard to] one who was cast into a pit and said that whoever should hear his voice should write a bill of divorce for his wife, they shall write it and give it [to her]. A healthy person who says, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" [it is considered as though] he wishes to joke with her. It once happened that a healthy person said, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" and then went on his roof, and he fell and died. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said, \"The Sages said, 'If he fell on his own [i.e., purposely], it is a [valid] bill of divorce; if the wind pushed him, it is not a [valid] bill of divorce.\"",
+ "If one says to two [men], \"Give a bill of divorce to my wife,\" or to three, \"Write a bill of divorce, and give it to my wife,\" they shall write, and give it [to her]. If he said to three, \"Give a bill of divorce to my wife,\" the latter [may] tell others to write it, because he made them a tribunal; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Hanina of Ono brought this law with him from prison, [as he said]: \"I have received a tradition, that when he said to three, 'Give my wife a bill of divorce,' that they may tell others to write it, because he made them a tribunal.\" Rabbi Yossi said, \"We said to the messenger, We [also] have a tradition, that even if he said to the High Court in Jerusalem, 'Give my wife a bill of divorce,' that they must learn [the procedures of a bill of divorce], write a bill of divorce, and give it [to her].\" If he said to ten [men], \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" one of them shall write, and two [shall] sign it; [but if he said], \"Write it all of you,\" then one shall write, and all [shall] sign it. Therefore, if one of them should die, the bill of divorce becomes void."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a person seized with cardiacos [confused condition connected perhaps with hypoglycemia] should say, \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" his words are not to be noticed. If he said [before he was taken ill], \"Write a bill of divorce for my wife,\" and when seized with cardiacos, he said, \"Do not write it,\" his last words are not to be noticed. When a person became dumb, and on being asked, \"Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife?\" nods his head [in token of assent], he shall be questioned three times, and if he [by his motions or gestures] answers rightly the questions proposed to him, both affirmative and negative, they may in that case write a bill of divorce and deliver it to his wife.",
+ "If a person is asked, \"Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife?\" and he answered, \"Write it;\" and they spoke to the scribe, who wrote it, and the witnesses, who signed it: although it was duly written, attested and delivered to the husband, who delivered it to his wife, nevertheless it is ineffective, because it is only then valid when the husband himself orders the scribe to write, and the witnesses to attest it.",
+ "[When a husband says to his wife] \"This is your bill of divorce in case I die,\" or, \"If I die of this illness,\" or, \"To take effect after my decease,\" his words are vain; but if he said, \"Here is your bill of divorce, to take effect from this day,\" or, \"from this moment, if I should die,\" it is a valid bill of divorce. If he said, \"To take effect from this day and after my death,\" it is doubtful whether such bill of divorce is valid or not: and in case he dies [without leaving issue], his widow must perform Chalitsah [the ceremony performed to release a widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage], but is not married via Yibbum [a Levirate marriage]. If he said, \"This is your bill of divorce from this day if I die of this illness,\" and he rose [from his sick bed], went out into the street, and became ill again and died: if he died in consequence of a relapse of the former illness the bill of divorce is valid, but not otherwise.",
+ "Under the mentioned circumstances the wife may not meet the husband but in the presence of witnesses. A slave or a bondwoman is a competent witness for this purpose, her own bondwoman excepted, because a mistress is usually quite familiar with such a one. How is she to be considered during that interval? According to R. Yehudah, \"As a married woman in every respect,\" but according to R. Yose, \"As one whose divorce is doubtful.\"",
+ "If he [a husband] says, \"Here is your bill of divorce, on condition that you give me two hundred zuz,\" she is divorced from the moment she accepts the bill of divorce, and is bound to pay the stipulated amount. If he said, \"On condition that you give me [two hundred zuz, or any other sum] within thirty days,\" and she consented and paid the amount agreed upon within the time stipulated, she is duly divorced, but not if she did not pay it within that time. R. Shimon ben Gamaliel relates, \"Once, in Sidon, a husband said to his wife, 'Here is your bill of divorce, on condition that you give me my fine coat,' and she lost it: the sages decided that the bill of divorce should be still valid, if she paid him a sum equal to the value thereof.\"",
+ "If a husband says to his wife, \"Here is your bill of divorce, on condition that you wait on my father,\" or \"suckle my child\" [the period allowed for the general duration of suckling a child is two years]. What period is she bound to suckle it? R. Yehudah says, \"Eighteen months only, and if during that period the child or the father should die, the bill of divorce is valid.\" If he said, \"Here is your bill of divorce, on condition that you wait on my father for two years,\" or \"suckle my child two years,\" and either the child or the father dies, or that the latter refuses her services, without being angry with her, the bill of divorce is not valid: but Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel considers it valid under the mentioned circumstances, for he establishes it as a rule \"That every impediment which does not proceed from the part of the wife does not render the bill of divorce void.\"",
+ "Should a husband say to his wife, \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and intending to travel from Judea into Galilee he returned after having proceeded to Antipatris only, he has voided his condition. If he said, \"Here is thy bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and intending to travel from Judea to Galilee returns from the village Otenai, he has voided his condition. If he said, \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within thirty days,\" and intending to travel beyond sea he went only as far as Acco and returned, he has voided his condition. If he said, \"Here is your bill of divorce if at any time I should stay away from you for thirty days,\" though he should frequently go and return for that period, the bill of divorce is valid, provided he did not remain alone with her.",
+ "When a husband said to his wife, \"Here is your bill of divorce if I do not return within twelve months ,\" and he died within twelve months, the bill of divorce is void; but if he said, \"This is your bill of divorce from the present moment, if I do not return within twelve months from this day,\" and he died within that time, the bill of divorce is valid.",
+ "When a husband said, \"If I do not return within twelve months from this day, write and deliver a bill of divorce to my wife;\" if they wrote it within twelve months, but did not deliver it till after that time, the bill of divorce is void. If he said, \"Write and deliver a bill of divorce to my wife if I do not return within twelve months from this day;\" if they wrote it within that time, but did not deliver it till after the expiration thereof, the bill of divorce is void. R. Yose says, \"It is valid in similar cases.\" If they wrote and delivered it after twelve months, and the husband died meanwhile; if the delivery of the bill of divorce preceded the death of the husband, the bill of divorce is valid; if the death of the husband preceded the delivery of the bill of divorce, the bill of divorce is void; and where it cannot be ascertained which event was prior to the other, she is to be considered as one whose divorce is doubtful. "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b34f59774a86749f4a95c813507bec710ec35e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "WER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT, MUSS SAGEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN; R. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUCH WER EINEN AUS REQEM ODER ḤEGER BRINGT; R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, AUCH WER EINEN, AUS KEPHAR LUDIM NACH LUD BRINGT. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NUR WER EINEN AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT ODER DA EINEN HINBRINGT, MÜSSE SAGEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN. WER EINEN AUS EINER PROVINZ NACH EINER ANDEREN IM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT, MUSS SAGEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUCH WENN AUS EINER HEGEMONIE NACH EINER ANDEREN.",
+ "R. JEHUDA SAGTE: VON REQEM AB NACH OSTEN, UND REQEM GEHÖRT ZUM OSTEN; VON AŠQELON AB NACH SÜDEN, UND AŠQELON GEHÖRT ZUM SÜDEN; VON A͑KKO AB NACH NORDEN, UND A͑KKO GEHÖRT ZUM NORDEN. R. MEÍR SAGTE: A͑KKO GILT HINSICHTLICH DER SCHEIDEBRIEFE ALS JISRAÉLLAND. ",
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT UND NICHT SAGEN KANN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, SO IST ER, WENN ZEUGEN AUF DIESEM UNTERZEICHNET SIND, DURCH DIE ZEUGEN ZU BESTÄTIGEN.",
+ "SOWOHL SCHEIDEBRIEFE ALS AUCH FREILASSUNGSBRIEFE, SIE GLEICHEN EINANDER BEIM HINBRINGEN UND BEIM HERBRIWGEN. DIES IST EINER VON DEN PUNKTEN, WORIN SCHEIDEBRIEFE UND FREILASSUNGSBRIEFE EINANDER GLEICHEN.",
+ "JEDE URKUNDE, AUF DER EIN SAMARITANISCHER ZEUGE UNTERSCHRIEBEN IST, ISTUNGÜLTIG, AUSGENOMMEN SCHEIDEBRIEFE UND FREILASSUNGSBRIEFE. EINST BRACHTE MAN R. GAMLIÉL IN KEPHAR U͑THNAJ EINEN VON SAMARITANISCHEN ZEUGEN UNTERZEICHNETEN SCHEIOEBRIEF, UND ER ERKLÄRTE IHN ALS GÜLTIG. ALLE AUF NICHTJÜDISCHEN ÄMTERN AUSGEFERTIGTEN URKUNDEN SIND, OBGLEICH SIE VON NICHTJUDEN UNTERZEICHNET SIND, GÜLTIG, AUSGENOMMEN SCHEIDEBRIEFE UND FREILASSUNGSBRIEFE. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, AUCH DIESE SEIEN GÜLTIG; ESGILT NUR VON DEM FALLE, WENN SIE VON LAIEN AUSGEFERTIGT SIND.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM GESAGT HAT, DASS ER DIESEN SCHEIDEBRIEF SEINER FRAU ODER DIESEN FREILASSUNGSBRIEF SEINEM SKLAVEN GEBE, SO KANN ER, WENN ER WILL, IN BEIDEN FÄLLEN ZURÜCKTRETEN – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NUR BEI EINEM SCHEIDEBRIEFE, NICHT ABER BEI EINEM FREILASSUNGSBRIEFE, WEIL MAN EINEN IN SEINER ABWESENHEIT BEVORTEILEN KANN, BENACHTEILIGEN ABER KANN MAN EINEN NUR IN SEINER GEGENWART. WENN ER NÄMLICH SEINEM SKLAVEN DIE ERNÄHRUNG VERWEIGERN WILL, SO DARFER DIES, UND WENN ER SEINER FRAU DIE ERNÄHRUNG VERWEIGERN WILL, SO DARF ER DIESNICHT. ER SPRACH ZU IHNEN: ER MACHT JA SEINEN SKLAVEN FÜR DIE HEBEUNTAUGLICH, WIE ER SEINE FRAU UNTAUGLICH MACHT!? SIE ERWIDERTEN IHM: WEIL ER SEIN EIGENTUM IST. WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT, DASS MAN DIESEN SCHEIDEBRIEF SEINER FRAU ODER DIESEN FREILASSUNGSBRIEF SEINEM SKLAVEN GEBE, UND GESTORBEN IST, SO GEBE MAN IHN NICHT NACH SEINEM TODE; WENN ABER, DASS MAN JEMAND EINE MINE GEBE, UND GESTORBEN IST, SO GEBE MAN SIE IHM NACH SEINEM TODE."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT UND SAGT: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND NICHT VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, ODER: VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET UND NICHT VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN, ODER: VOR MIR VOLLSTÄNDIG GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR ZUR HÄLFTE UNTERZEICHNET, ODER: VOR MIR ZUR HÄLFTE GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR VOLLSTÄNDIG UNTERZEICHNET, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG. WENN EINER SAGT: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN WORDEN, UND EINER SAGT: ER IST VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG. WENN ZWEI SAGEN: ER IST VOR UNS GESCHRIEBEN WORDEN, UND EINER SAGT: ER IST VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG, NACH R. JEHUDA ABER GÜLTIG. WENN EINER SAGT: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN WORDEN, UND ZWEI SAGEN, ER IST VOR UNS UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, SO IST ER GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN ER AM TAGE GESCHRIEBEN UND AM TAGE UNTERZEICHNET, NACHTS GESCHRIEBEN UND NACHTS UNTERZEICHNET, ODER NACHTS GESCHRIEBEN UND AM TAGE UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN IST, SO IST ERGÜLTIG; WENN ABER AM TAGE GESCHRIEBEN UND NACHTS UNTERZEICHNET, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG, NACH R. ŠIMO͑N ABER GÜLTIG. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE NÄMLICH: ALLE URKUNDEN, DIE AM TAGE GESCHRIEBEN UND NACHTS UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN SIND, SIND UNGÜLTIG, AUSGENOMMEN SCHEIDEBRIEFE.",
+ "MIT ALLEM DARF MANSCHREIBEN: MIT TINTE, FARBE, RÖTEL, GUMMI, SCHWÄRZEODER SONST ETWAS, WAS BESTEHEN BLEIBT; MAN SCHREIBE ABER NICHT MIT GETRÄNKEN, OBSTSAFT ODER SONST ETWAS, WAS NICHT BESTEHEN BLEIBT. AUF ALLES DARF MAN SCHREIBEN, AUF EIN OLIVENBLATT, AUF DAS HORN EINER KUH UND IHR DIE KUH GEBEN, AUF DIE HAND EINES SKLAVEN UND IHR DEN SKLAVEN GEBEN. R. JOSE DER GALILÄER SAGT, MAN DÜRFE NICHT AUF EINE LEBENDE SACHE SCHREIBEN NOCH AUF SPEISEN.",
+ "MAN DARF IHN NICHT AUF EINE AM BODEN HAFTENDE SACHE SCHREIBEN; HAT MAN IHN AUF EINE AM BODEN HAFTENDE SACHE GESCHRIEBEN, ABGETRENNT, UNTERSCHRIEBEN UND IHR GEGEBEN, SO IST ER GÜLTIG; NACHR. JEHUDA IST ER UNGÜLTIG; NUR WENN ER BEIM SCHREIBEN UND BEIM UNTERSCHREIBEN ABGETRENNT WAR. R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA SAGTE: MAN DARF IHN WEDER AUF RADIERTES PAPIER NOCH AUF DIPHTHERASCHREIBEN, WEIL ER GEFÄLSCHT WERDEN KÖNNTE; DIE WEISEN ERLAUBEN DIES.",
+ "JEDER IST ZUR ÜBERBRINGUNG DES SCIIEIDEBRIEFES ZULÄSSIG, AUSGENOMMEN EIN TAUBER, EIN BLÖDER, EIN MINDERJÄHRIGER, EIN BLINDER UND EIN NICHTJUDE.",
+ "WENN EIN MINDERJÄHRIGER IHN IN EMPFANG GENOMMEN HAT UNDGROSSJÄHRIG GEWORDEN IST, EIN TAUBER UND HÖREND GEWORDEN IST, EIN BLINDER UND SEHEND GEWORDEN IST, EIN BLÖDER UND VERNÜNTTIG GEWORDEN IST, EIN NICHTJUDE UND SICH BEKEHRT HAT, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG. WENN ABER EIN HÖRENDER TAUB GEWORDEN UND WIEDER HÖREND GEWORDEN IST, EIN SEHENDER BUND GEWORDEN UND WIEDER SEHEND GEWORDEN IST, EIN VERNÜNFTIGER BLÖD GEWORDEN UND WIEDER VERNÜNFTIG GEWORDEN IST, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. DIE REGEL IST: SIND BEGINN UND SCHLUSS DURCH EINEN VERNÜNFTIGEN ERFOLGT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG.",
+ "AUCH FRAUEN, DIE NICHT GLAUBHAFT SIND, WENN SIE BEKUNDEN, IHRMANN SEI GESTORBEN, SIND ZUR ÜBERBRINGUNG IHRES SCHEIDEBRIEFES GLAUBHAFT, UND ZWAR: DIE SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DIE TOCHTER DER SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DIE NEBENBUHLERIN, DIE EHESCHWÄGERINUND DIE TOCHTERIHRES MANNES. WELCHEN UNTERSCHIED GIBT ESZWISCHEN SCHEIDUNG UND TOD? DIE URKUNDE BEWEIST ES. EINE FRAU KANN IHREN SCHEIDEBRIEF SELBST ÜBERBRINGEN, NUR MUSS SIE SAGEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "JEDER SCHEIDEBRIEF, DER NICHT AUF DEN NAMEN DER FRAU GESCHRIEBEN IST, IST UNGÜLTIG. WENN JEMAND BEISPIELSWEISE ÜBER DIE STRASSE GEHT UND SCHREIBER VORLESEN HÖRT: N. LÄSST SICH VON SEINER FRAU N. AUS DER ORTSCHAFT N. SCHEIDEN, UND SAGT: DAS IST MEIN NAME UND DAS IST DER NAME MEINER FRAU, SO IST DIESER SCHEIDEBRIEF FÜR IHN ZUR SCHEIDUNG UNGÜLTIG. NOCH MEHR: WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHRIEBEN HAT, UM SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN ZU LASSEN, UND DAVON ABGEKOMMEN IST, UND EIN MITBÜRGER IHN TRIFFT UND ZU IHM SPRICHT: MEIN NAME GLEICHT DEINEM UND DER NAME MEINER FRAU GLEICHT DEM DEINER FRAU, SO IST DIESER FÜR IHN ZUR SCHEIDUNG UNGÜLTIG. NOCH MEHR:WENN JEMAND ZWEI FRAUEN GLEICHEN NAMENS HAT UND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHRIEBEN HAT, UM SICH VON DER GRÖSSEREN SCHEIDEN ZU LASSEN, SO DARF ER SICH DAMIT NICHT VON DER KLEINEREN SCHEIDEN LASSEN. NOCH MEHR: WENN JEMAND ZUM SCHREIBER GESAGT HAT, DASS ER FÜR IHN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF SCHREIBE, ER WOLLE SICH VON EINER NACH BELIEBEN SCHEIDEN LASSEN, SO IST ER ZUR SCHEIDUNG UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND FORMULARE VON SCHEIDEBRIEFEN SCHREIBT, SO MUSS ER RAUM FÜR DIE NAMEN DES MANNES UND DER FRAU UND FÜR DAS DATUM FREILASSEN; WENN SCHULDSCHEINE, SO MUSS ER RAUM FÜR DIE NAMEN DES GLÄUBIGERS UND DES SCHULDNERS, FÜR DEN BETRAG UND FÜR DAS DATUM FREILASSEN; WENN KAUFSCHEINE, SO MUSS ER RAUM FÜR DIE NAMEN DES KÄUFERS UND DES VERKÄUFERS, FÜR DEN BETRAG, FÜR DIE BEZEICHNUNG DES FELDESUND FÜR DAS DATUM FREILASSEN. DIES IST EINE FÜRSORGE. NACH R. JEHUDA SIND SIE ALLE UNGÜLTIG; NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR SIND SIE ALLE GÜLTIG, AUSGENOMMEN EHESCHEIDEBRIEFE, DENN ES HETSST: er schreibe ihr.",
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEBRACHTUND IHN VERLOREN HAT,SO IST ER, WENN ER IHN SOFORT FINDET, GÜLTIG, WENN ABER NICHT, UNGÜLTIG. WENN ER IHN IN EINEM BEUTEL ODER EINER TASCHEFINDET ODER ER IHN ERKENNT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. WER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF BRINGT VON EINEM, DEN ER ALT ODER KRANK ZURÜCKGELASSEN HAT, ÜBERGEBE IHN IHR IN DER VORAUSSETZUNG, DASS ER LEBE. WENN EINE JISRAÉLITIN MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET IST UND DIESER NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE AUSGEWANDERT IST, SO DARF SIE IN DER VORAUSSETZUNG, DASS ER LEBE, HEBE ESSEN. WENN JEMAND SEIN SÜNDOPFER AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE GESCHICKT HAT, SO BRINGE MAN ES DAR IN DER VORAUSSETZUNG, DASS ER LEBE.",
+ "DREI DINGE LEHRTE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. PROTO VON DEN WEISEN, UND SIE BESTÄTIGTEN SEINE WORTE: DIE EINWOHNER EINER STADT, DIE VON BELAGERUNGSTRUPPEN UMZINGELT WORDEN IST, DIE PASSAGIERE EINES SCHIFFES, DAS SICH IN SEENOT BEFINDET, UND DER ZUR ABURTEILUNG HINAUSGEFÜHRT WORDEN IST, GELTEN ALS LEBEND; ABER BEI DEN EINWOHNERN EINER STADT, DIE VON DEN BELAGERUNGSTRUPPEN GENOMMEN WORDEN, DEN PASSAGIEREN EINES SCHIFFES, DAS IM MEERE UNTERGEGANGEN, UND DEM, DER ZUM HINRICHTEPLATZE HINAUSGEFÜHRT WORDEN IST, SIND DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN DES LEBENDEN UND DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN DES TOTEN AUFZUERLEGEN; SOWOHL DIE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE JISRAÉLITIN ALS AUCH DIE MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATETE PRIESTERSTOCHTER DARF KEINE HEBE ESSEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND IM JISRAÉLLANDEEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF ÜBERBRINGT UND ERKRANKT, SO SENDE ER IHN DURCH EINEN ANDEREN; WENN DER EHEMANN ABER ZU IHM GESAGT HAT, DASS ERVON IHR FÜR IHN EINE BESTIMMTE WERTSACHE IN EMPFANG NEHME, SO SENDE ER IHN NICHT DURCH EINEN ANDEREN, DENN ES IST IHM NICHT ERWÜNSCHT, DASS SEIN DEPOSITUM SICH IM BESITZE EINES ANDEREN BEFINDE.",
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE BRINGT UND ERKRANKT, SO BESTELLE ER BEI GERICHT EINEN BOTEN UND SENDE DIESEN. ER SPRECHE VOR IHNEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN; DER LETZTE BOTE ABER BRAUCHT NICHT ZU SAGEN: ER IST VOR MIR GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR MIR UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, VIELMEHR SAGE ER, ER SEI GERICHTSBOTE.",
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEM PRIESTER, EINEM LEVITEN ODER EINEM ARMEN GELD GEBORGT HAT, AUF DASS ER DIE ABGABEN FÜR SIE ABSONDERE, SO SONDERE ER SIE FÜR SIE AB IN DER VORAUSSETZUNG, DASS SIE LEBEN, UND BERÜCKSICHTIGE NICHT, DER PRIESTER ODER DER LEVITE KANN GESTORBEN ODER DER ARME REICH GEWORDEN SEIN. IST DIESER GESTORBEN, SO MUSS ER ERLAUBNIS VON DEN ERBENEINHOLEN. HAT ER IHNEN VOR GERICHT GEBORGT, SO BRAUCHT ER KEINE ERLAUBNIS VON DEN ERBEN EINZUHOLEN.",
+ "WER FRÜCHTE ZURÜCKGELEGT HAT, UM VON IHNEN HEBE UND ZEHNTEN ABZUSONDERN, ODER GELD, UM DAVON DEN ZWEITEN ZEHNTENABZUSONDERN, DARF DIES IN DER VORAUSSETZUNG, DASS SIE VORHANDEN SIND; SIND SIE ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN, SO IST DIES VON STUNDE BIS STUNDEZU BEFÜRCHTEN– SO R. ELEA͑ZAR B. ŠAMUA͑. R. JEHUDA SAGTE: AN DREI ZEITEN UNTERSUCHE MAN DEN WEIN: WENN DER OSTWIND AM AUSGANGE DES HÜTTENFESTES WEHT, WENN DER TRAUBENANSATZ VORKOMMT, UND WENN DER SAFT IN DIE UNREIFEN TRAUBEN KOMMT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHICKT HAT UND DEN BOTEN ERREICHT ODER IHM EINEN BOTEN NACHSENDET UND ZU IHM SPRICHT: DER SCHEIDEBRIEF, DEN ICH DIR GEGEBEN HABE, IST NICHTIG, SO IST ER NICHTIG; WENN ER ODER EIN VON IHM ENTSANDTER BOTE IHM BEI SEINER FRAU ZUVORKOMMT UND ZU IHR SPRICHT: DER SCHEIDEBRIEF, DEN ICH DIR GESCHICKT HABE, IST NICHTIG, SO IST ER NICHTIG. WENN ABER DER SCHEIDEBRIEF BEREITS IN IHRE HAND GEKOMMEN IST, SO KANN ER IHN NICHT MEHR NICHTIG MACHEN.",
+ "VORMALS KONNTE MAN AUCH ANDERSWO EIN GERICHTSKOLLEGIUM ZUSAMMENSETZEN UND IHN NICHTIG MACHEN, R. GAMLIÉL DER ÄLTERE ORDNETE ABER AN, DASS MAN DIES NICHT TUE, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. VORMALS ÄNDERTE MAN SEINEN NAMEN, IHREN NAMEN, DEN NAMEN SEINER STADT UND DEN NAMEN IHRER STADT; DA ORDNETE R. GAMLIÉL DER ÄLTERE AN, DASS MAN DEN NAMEN DES MANNES UND ALL SEINE BEINAMEN, DEN NAMEN DER FRAU UND ALL IHRE BEINAMEN SCHREIBE, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION.",
+ "DIE WITWE KANN ZAHLUNGVON DEN GÜTERN DER WAISEN NUR GEGEN EIDERHALTEN. ALS MAN ABER VERMIED, SIE ZU VEREIDIGEN, ORDNETE R. GAMLIÉL DER ÄLTERE AN, DASS SIE DEN WAISEN ALLES, WAS SIE WÜNSCHEN, GELOBE, UND IHRE MORGENGABE EINFORDERE. DIE ZEUGEN UNTERZEICHNET AUF DEM SCHEIDEBRIEFE, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. HILLEL FÜHRTE DEN PROSBULEIN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION.",
+ "WENN EIN SKLAVE GEFANGEN WAR UND MAN IHN AUSGELÖST HAT, SO DARF ER, WENN MAN IHN ALS SKLAVEN AUSGELÖST HAT, ZUR SKLAVEREI ANGEHALTEN WERDEN, UND WENN ZUR BEFREIUNG, NICHT ZUR SKLAVEREI ANGEHALTEN WERDEN; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, OB SO ODER SO DÜRFE ER ZUR SKLAVEREI ANGEHALTEN WERDEN. WENN JEMAND EINEM SEINEN SKLAVEN HYPOTHEKARISCH VERPFÄNDET UND ER IHN FREIGELASSEN HAT, SO IST ZWAR RECHTLICH DER SKLAVE ZU NICHTS VERPFLICHTET, JEDOCH HABEN SIE VORSORGEND ANGEORDNET, DASS MAN SEINEN HERRN ZWINGE, IHN ZUM FREIEN ZU MACHEN, UND ER IHM EINEN SCHULDSCHEIN ÜBER SEINEN WERT SCHREIBE. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, NICHT ER SCHREIBE, SONDERN DER FREILASSENDE.",
+ "EIN HALBSKLAVEDIENE, WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, EINEN TAG SEINEM HERRN UND EINEN TAG SICH SELBER. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: IHR HABT ALLERDINGS EINE VORSORGE FÜR SEINEN HERRN GETROFFEN, NICHT ABER FÜR IHN; EINE SKLAVIN HEIRATEN DARF ER NICHT, DA ER ZUR HÄLFTE FREIER IST, EINE FREIE HEIRATEN DARF ER EBENFALLS NICHT,DA ER ZUR HÄLFTE SKLAVE IST; DIE HEIRAT GANZ UNTERLASSEN KANN ER EBENFALLS NICHT, DA DIE WELT ZUR FORTPFLANZUNG ERSCHAFFEN WORDEN IST, WIE ES HEISST:nicht zur Einöde hat er sie erschaffen, sondern daß sie bewohnt werde. ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION ZWINGE MAN VIELMEHR SEINEN HERRN, IHN ZUM FREIEN ZU MACHEN, UND DIESER SCHREIBE IHM EINEN SCHULDSCHEIN ÜBER DIE HÄLFTE SEINES WERTES. DARAUF TRAT DIE SCHULE HILLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINEN SKLAVEN AN NICHTJUDEN ODER NACH DEM AUSLANDE VERKAUFT HAT, SO WIRD ER FREI. MAN LÖSE KEINE GEFANGENEN ÜBER IHREN WERT AUS, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. MAN VERHELFE DEN GEFANGENEN NICHT ZUR FLUCHT, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUS VORSORGE FÜR DIE MITGEFANGENEN. 'MAN DARF VON NICHTJUDEN NICHT TORAROLLEN, TEPHILLIN UND MEZUZOTH ÜBER IHREN WERT KAUFEN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. ",
+ "WSICH VON SEINER FRAU WEGEN ÜBLER NACHREDESCHEIDEN LIESS, NEHME SIE NICHT WIEDER, WENN WEGEN GELOBENS, SO NEHME ER SIE NICHT WIEDER. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN DAS GELÜBDE VIELEN BEKANNT WAR, SO NEHME ER SIE NICHTWIEDER, UND WENN ES NICHT VIELEN BEKANNT WAR, SO DARF ER SIE WIEDERNEHMEN. R. MEÍR SAGT, WENN DAS GELÜBDE VON EINEM GELEHRTEN UNTERSUCHT WERDENMUSS, SO NEHME ER SIE NICHT WIEDER, UND WENN ES VON EINEM GELEHRTEN NICHT UNTERSUCHT ZU WERDEN BRAUCHT, SO DARF ER SIE WIEDERNEHMEN. R. ELFA͑ZAR SAGTE: MAN HAT ES IN JENEM FALLE NUR WEGEN DIESES FALLESVERBOTEN. R. JOSE B. R. JEHUDA SAGTE: EINST SAGTE JEMAND IN ÇAJDAN ZU SEINER FRAU: QONAM, WENN ICH MICH VON DIR NICHT SCHEIDEN LASSE, UND DARAUF LIESS ER SICH VON IHR SCHEIDEN. DA ERLAUBTEN IHM DIE WEISEN, SIE WIEDER ZU NEHMEN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION.",
+ "WER SICH VON SEINER FRAU WEGEN ZWITTERHAFTIGKEITSCHEIDEN LIESS, NEHME SIE, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, NICHT WIEDER; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ER DÜRFE SIE WIEDERNEHMEN. WENN SIE EINEN ANDEREN GEHEIRATET UND VON DIESEM KINDER HAT, UND VON JENEMIHRE MORGENGABE FORDERT, SO KANN ER, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, ZU IHR SAGEN: BESSER FÜR DICH, DASS DU SCHWEIGEST, ALS DASS DU REDEST.",
+ " WER SICH UND SEINE KINDER AN NICHTJUDEN VERKAUFT HAT, DEN LÖSE MAN NICHT AUS, WOHL ABER LÖSE MAN DIE KINDER NACH DEM TODE IHRES VATERS AUS. WEH SEIN FELD AN EINEN NICHTJUDEN VERKAUFT HAT, MUSS ALLJÄHRLICH DIE ERSTLINGE KAUFEN UND SIEDARBRINGEN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "GESCHÄDIGTE WERDEN MIT GUTEM BEZAHLT, GLÄUBIGER MIT MITTELMÄSSIGEM UND DIE MORGENGABE DER FRAU MIT SCHLECHTEM. R. MEÍR SAGT, AUCH DIE MORGENGABE MIT MITTELMÄSSIGEM.",
+ "MAN KANN VON VERÄUSSERTEN GÜTERN NICHT EINFORDERN, WENN FREIE VORHANDEN SIND, SELBST WENN SIE AUS SCHLECHTEM BESTEHEN. VON DEN GÜTERN DER WAISEN IST ZAHLUNG NUR VOM SCHLECHTEN EINZUFORDERN. ",
+ "MAN KANN DIE VERZEHRTEN FRÜCHTE, DIE MELIORATION VON GRUNDSTÜCKEN UND DIE ALIMENTE FÜR FRAU UND TÖCHTER NICHT VON VERÄUSSERTEN GÜTERN EINFORDERN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION. WER EINEN FUND ABLIEFERT, BRAUCHT NICHT ZU SCHWÖREN, ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION.",
+ "WENN WAISEN BEI EINEM HAUSHERRN UNTERGEBRACHTSIND, ODER WENN IHR VATER IHNEN JEMAND ALS VORMUND BESTELLT HAT, SO MUSS ER IHRE FRÜCHTE VERZEHNTEN. DER VORMUND, DEN DER VATER DER WAISEN BESTELLT HAT, MUSS SCHWÖREN, DEN DAS GERICHT BESTELLT HAT, BRAUCHT NICHT ZU SCHWÖREN. ABBA ŠAÚL SAGT, ES VERHALTE SICH ENTGEGENGESETZT. WENN JEMAND UNREINMACHT, BEMISCHTODER LIBIERT, SO IST ER, WENN VERSEHENTLICH, ERSATZFREI, UND WENN VORSÄTZLICH, HAFTBAR. WENN PRIESTER IM TEMPEL EIN OPFER VORSÄTZLICH VERWERFLICH GEMACHT HABEN, SO SIND SIE HAFTBAR.",
+ "R. JOḤANAN B. GUDGADA BEKUNDETE, DASS EINE VON IHREM VATER VER HEIRATETE TAUBSTUMME DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEFGESCHIEDEN WERDE. DASS EINE AN EINEN PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE MINDERJÄHRIGE JISRAÉLITIN HEBE ESSENDÜRFE, UND WENN SIE GESTORBEN IST, IHR MANN SIE BEERBE. DASS, WENN JEMAND EINEN GERAUBTEN BALKEN IN EIN GEBÄUDE EINGEBAUT HAT, DER BERAUBTE FÜR DIESEN ERSATZ NEHMENMÜSSE, ALS VORSORGE FÜR DIE BUSSFERTIGEN. DASS EIN GERAUBTES SÜNDOPFER, WENN DIESDEN LEUTEN UNBEKANNT IST, SÜHNE SCHAFFE, AUS VORSORGE FÜR DEN ALTAR.",
+ "WÄHREND DER KRIEGSMETZELEIEN GAB ES IN JUDÄA KEINE PLÜNDERER, NACH DEN KRIEGSMETZELEIEN GAB ES DA PLÜNDERER. WENN JEMAND EIN FELD VON EINEM PLÜNDERER UND DARAUF VOM EIGENTÜMER GEKAUFT HAT, SO IST SEIN KAUFUNGÜLTIG, WENN ABER VOM EIGENTÜMER UND DARAUF VOM PLÜNDERER, SO IST SEIN KAUF GÜLTIG. WENN ER ESVOM EHEMANNE UND DARAUF VON DER FRAU GEKAUFT HAT, SO IST SEIN KAUF UNGÜLTIG, WENN ABER VON DER FRAU UND DARAUF VOM EHEMANNE, SO IST SEIN KAUF GÜLTIG. DIES IST DIE ERSTE FASSUNG DER MIŠNA; DAS SPÄTERE GERICHT BESTIMMTE, DASS, WENN JEMAND VON EINEM PLÜNDERER KAUFT, ER EIN VIERTELAN DEN EIGENTÜMER ZAHLE. DIES NUR DANN, WENN DER EIGENTÜMER ES NICHT ZURÜCKKAUFEN KANN, WENN ER ES ABER ZURÜCKKAUFEN KANN, SO GEHT ER JEDEM ANDEREN VOR. RABBI SETZTE EIN GERICHTSKOLLEGIUM EIN UND ES STIMMTE AB, DASS, WENN ES ZWÖLF MONATE IM BESITZE DES PLÜNDERERS WAR, JEDER, DER ES ZUERST GEKAUFT HAT, ES ERWORBEN HABE, JEDOCH EIN VIERTEL AN DEN EIGENTÜMER ZAHLE.",
+ "DER TAUBSTUMME KANN DURCH ZEICHEN VERSTÄNDIGENUND VERSTÄNDIGT WERDEN. BEN BETHERA SAGT, BEI BEWEGLICHEN SACHEN KANN ER AUCH DURCH MIENENVERSTÄNDIGEN UND VERSTÄNDIGT WERDEN. DER KAUF UND VERKAUF KLEINER KINDER IST BEI BEWEGLICHEN SACHEN GÜLTIG.",
+ "FOLGENDES ORDNETEN SIE DES FRIEDENS WEGENAN. EIN PRIESTER LIEST ALS ERSTER VOR, NACH IHM EIN LEVITE UND NACH IHM EIN JISRAÉLIT, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN. MAN LEGE DEN E͑RUBIM ALTEN HAUSENIEDER, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN. DER DEM TEICHE NÄCHSTE BRUNNEN WERDE ZUERST GEFÜLLT,DES FRIEDENS WEGEN. BEI TIER-, VOGEL- UND FISCHFALLEN HAT DAS VERBOT DES RAUBENSGELTUNG, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN; R. JOSE SAGT, ES SEIWIRKLICHER RAUB. BEIM FUNDE EINES TAUBEN, BLÖDEN ODER MINDERJÄHRIGEN HAT DAS VERBOT DES RAUBENSGELTUNG, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN; R. JOSE SAGT, ES SEI WIRKLICHER RAUB. WENN EIN ARMER AUF DER SPITZE EINES OLIVENBAUMES FRÜCHTE ABKLOPFT, SO HAT BEI DEN UNTEN BEFINDLICHEN DAS VERBOT DES RAUBENS GELTUNG, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN; R. JOSE SAGT, ES SEI WIRKLICHER RAUB. MAN VERWEHRE NICHTJÜDISCHEN ARMEN NICHT DAS EINSAMMELN VON NACHLESE, VERGESSENEM UND ECKENLASS, DES FRIEDENS WEGEN.",
+ "EINE FRAU DARF DER ANDEREN, DIE HINSICHTLICH DES SIEBENTJAHRES VERDÄCHTIGIST, EINE SCHWINGE, EIN SIEB, EINE HANDMÜHLE ODER EINEN OFEN LEIHEN, JEDOCH DARF SIE IHR NICHT KLAUBEN ODER MAHLEN HELFEN. DIE FRAU EINES GENOSSENDARF DER FRAU EINES MENSCHEN AUS DEM GEMEINEN VOLKEEINE SCHWINGE ODER EIN SIEB LEIHEN, AUCH DARF SIE IHR KLAUBEN, MAHLEN UND SIEBEN HELFEN; HAT SIE ABER BEREITS DAS WASSER AUF DAS MEHLGEGOSSEN, DARF SIE BEI IHR NICHTS MEHR BERÜHREN, WEIL MAN ÜBERTRETER NICHT UNTERSTÜTZEN DARF. DIES ALLES ERLAUBTEN SIE, NUR DES FRIEDENS WEGEN. MAN DARF IM SIEBENTJAHRE NICHTJUDENUNTERSTÜTZEN, NICHT ABER EINEN JISRAÉLITEN; DESGLEICHEN BEGRÜSSE MAN SIE, WEGEN DES FRIEDENS."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM GESAGT HAT: EMPFANGE DIESEN SCHEIDE BRIEF FÜR MEINE FRAU, ODER: BRING DIESEN SCHEIDEBRIEF MEINER FRAU, SO KANN ER, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, ZURÜCKTRETEN; WENN ABER DIE FRAU GESAGT HAT: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO KANN ER, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, NICHT ZURÜCKTRETEN. DAHER KANN DER EHEMANN, WENN ER ZU IHM GESAGT HAT : ICH WILL NICHT, DASS DU IHN FÜR SIE EMPFÄNGST, SONDERN, DASS DU IHN BRINGEST UND IHR GIBST, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, ZURÜCKTRETEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUCH WENN SIE ZU IHM GESAGT HAT: NIMM FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, KÖNNE ER, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, NICHT ZURÜCKTRETEN.",
+ "WENN EINE FRAU ZU EINEM GESAGT HAT: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO BENÖTIGT SIE ZWEIER ZEUGENPARTIEN: ZWEI ZEUGEN, DIE BEKUNDEN, DASS SIE ES VOR IHNEN GESAGT HAT, UND ZWEI, DIE BEKUNDEN, DASS ER IHN VOR IHNEN EMPFANGEN UND ZERRISSEN HAT. DIESELBENKÖNNEN DIE ERSTE UND AUCH DIE ANDERESEIN, ODER EINER VON DER ERSTEN UND EINER VON DER ANDEREN MIT EINEM DRITTEN VEREINIGT. EIN VERLOBTES MÄDGHENKANN IHREN SCHETDEBRIEF SELBER IN EMPFANG NEHMEN UND EBENSO IHR VATER. R. JEHUDA SAGT, ZWEI HÄNDE KÖNNEN NICHT GLEICHZEITIG ERWERBEN, VIELMEHR KANN NUR DER VATER ALLEIN IHREN SCHEIDEBRIEF IN EMPFANG NEHMEN. DIE IHREN SCHEIDEBRIEF NICHT ZU VERWAHREN VERSTEHT, KANN AUCH NICHT GESCHIEDEN WERDEN.",
+ "WENN EINE MINDERJÄHRIGE ZU EINEM GESAGT HAT: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF ERST DANN RECHTSKRÄFTIG, WENN ER IN IHRE HAND GEKOMMEN IST, DAHER KANN DER EHEMANN, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, ZURÜCKTRETEN; MINDERJÄHRIGE KÖNNEN NÄMLICH KEINEN VERTRETER BESTELLEN. WENN IHM ABER DER VATER GESAGT HAT: GEH, EMPFANGE FÜR MEINE TOCHTER IHREN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO KANN JENER, WENN ER ES WÜNSCHT, NICHT ZURÜCKTRETEN. WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: GIB MEINER FRAU DIESEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AN JENEM ORTE, UND ER IHN IHR AN EINEM ANDEREN ORTE GEGEBEN HAT, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG; WENN ABER: SIE BEFINDET SICH AN JENEM ORTE, UND ER IHN IHR AN EINEM ANDEREN ORTE GEGEBEN HAT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. WENN EINE FRAU GESAGT HAT: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AN JENEM ORTE, UND ER IHN FÜR SIE AN EINEM ANDEREN ORTE EMPFANGEN HAT, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG, UND NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR GÜLTIG; WENN ABER: BRING MIR MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF VON JENEM ORTE, UND ER IHN IHR VON EINEM ANDEREN ORTE GEBRACHT HAT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN SIE ZU EINEM GESAGT HAT: BRING MIR MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO DARF SIEHEBE ESSEN, BIS DER SCHEIDEBRIEF IN IHRE HAND GEKOMMEN IST; WENN ABER: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO IST IHR DAS ESSEN VON HEBE SOFORT VERBOTEN. SAGTE SIE: EMPFANGE FÜR MICH AN JENEM ORTE MEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN, BIS DER SCHEIDEBRIEF JENEN ORT ERREICHT; NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR IST ES IHR SOFORT VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: SCHREIBT EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND GEBT IHN MEINER FRAU, SCHEIDET SIE VON MIR, SCHREIBT EINEN BRIEFUND GEBT IHR, SO SCHREIBE MAN IHN UND GEBE IHR; WENN ABER: ENTLASSETSIE, VERSORGT SIE, VERFAHRT MIT IHR NACH GEBÜHR, VERFAHRT MIT IHR, WIE ES SICH GEHÖRT, SO HAT ER NICHTS GESAGT. VORMALS SAGTEN SIE, WENN JEMAND, DER IN HALSEISEN HINAUSGEFÜHRT WIRD, SAGT: SCHREIBTMEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO SCHREIBE MAN IHN ÜNDGEBE IHR; SPÄTER BESTIMMTEN SIE ES AUCH VON EINEM ZUR SEE UND MIT EINER KARAWANE AUSREISENDEN. R. ŠIMO͑N ŠEZORI SAGT, DIES GELTE AUCH VOM LEBENSLÄNGLICH KRANKEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND, DER IN EINE GRUBE GEWORFEN WORDEN IST, RUFT: WER MEINE STIMME HÖRT, SCHREIBE MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO SCHREIBE MAN IHN UND GEBE IHR. WENN EIN GESUNDER GESAGT HAT: SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO WOLLTE ER SIE NUR ANFÜHREN. EINST SAGTE EIN GESUNDER, DASS MAN SEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF SCHREIBE, UND ALS ER SPÄTER AUF EIN DACH STIEG, STÜRZTE ER AB UND STARB. DA ENTSCHIED R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIE͑L: HAT ER SICH ABSICHTLICH HERABGESTÜRZT, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG, HAT IHN DER WIND HERABGESTOSSEN, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU ZWEIEN GESAGT HAT: GEBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, oder zu dreien: SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND GEBT IHN IHR, SO MÜSSEN SIE SELBST SCHREIBENUND IHR GEBEN. WENN JEMAND ZU DREIEN GESAGT HAT: GEBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO KÖNNEN SIE AUCH ANDERE BEAUFTRAGEN, IHN ZU SCHREIBEN, WEIL ER SIE ZU EINEM GERICHTE BESTELLTHAT – SO R. MEÍR. FOLGENDE LEHRE BRACHTE R. ḤANINA AUS ONO AUS DEM GEFÄNGNISSE: ES IST MIR ÜBERLIEFERT, DASS, WENN JEMAND ZU DREIEN GESAGT HAT: GEBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SIE ANDERE BEAUFTRAGEN KÖNNEN, IHN ZU SCHREIBEN, DA ER SIE ZU EINEM GERICHTE BESTELLT HAT. R. JOSE SAGTE: WIR SPRACHEN ZUM BOTEN: AUCH UNS IST ES ÜBERLIEFERT, DASS SELBST WENN JEMAND ZUM HOHEN GERICHTE IN JERUŠALEM GESAGT HAT: GEBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SIE LERNENUND IHN SELBER SCHREIBEN UND IHR GEBEN MÜSSEN. WENN JEMAND ZU ZEHN PERSONEN GESAGT HAT: GEBTMEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO MUSS EINER SCHREIBEN UND ZWEI UNTERSCHREIBEN; WENN ABER: IHR ALLE SCHREIBT, SO MUSS EINER SCHREIBEN UND ALLE UNTERSCHREIBEN. DAHER IST, WENN EINER VON IHNEN GESTORBEN IST, DER SCHEIDEBRIEF NICHTIG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND, DER VOM KORDIAKOS BEFALLEN WORDEN IST, SAGT: SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO HAT ER NICHTS GESAGT. WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, UND DARAUF VOM KORDIAKOS BEFALLEN WIRD UND SAGT: SHREIBT IHN NICHT, SO SIND SEINE LETZTEN WORTE NICHTIG. WeNN JEMAND STUMM GEWORDEN IST, UND AUF DIE FRAGE, OB MAN SEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF SCHREIBE, MIT DEM KOPF NICKT, SO PRÜFE MAN IHN DREIMAL; WENN ER AUF JA BEJAHEND UND AUF NEIN VERNEINEND ANTWORTET, SO SCHREIBE MAN IHN UND GEBE IHR.",
+ "WENN MAN JEMAND GEFRAGT HAT, OB MAN SEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEFSCHREIBE, UND EIL ERWIDERT HAT: SCHREIBT, UND MAN DEN SCHREIBER BEAUFTRAGT, UND ER IHN GESCHRIEBEN HAT, DIE ZEUGEN, UND SIE IHN UNTERSCHRIEBEN HABEN, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF, OBGLEICH MAN IHN GESCHRIEBEN, UNTERSCHRIEBEN, IHM GEGEBEN UND ER IHN IHR GEGEBEN HAT, NICHTIG; NURWENN ER ZUM SCHREIBER GESAGT HAT: SCHREIBE, UND ZU DEN ZEUGEN: UNTERSCHREIBT.",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, FALLS ICH STERBE, DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF NACHDIESER KRANKHEIT, DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF FÜR NACH MEINEM TODE, SO HAT ER NICHTSGESAGT; WENN ABER: VON HEUTE AB, FALLS ICH STERBE, VON JETZT AB, FALLS ICH STERBE, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG. SAGTE ER: VON HEUTE AB, NACH MEINEM TODE, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG UND UNGÜLTIG; WENN ER STIRBT, SO IST AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN, NICHT ABER DIE SCHWAGEREHE. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF VON HEUTE AB, FALLS ICH AN DIESER KRANKHEITSTERBE, UND DANN AUFGESTANDEN, AUF DER STRASSE UMHERGEGANGEN, WIEDERUM ERKRANKT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO BEMESSE MAN IHN: IST ER INFOLGE DER ERSTEN KRANKHEIT GESTORBEN, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG, WENN ABER NIGHT, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "SIE DARF MIT IHMNUR VOR ZEUGEN ZUSAMMENSEIN, SELBST WENN ES EIN SKLAVE ODER EINE SKLAVIN IST, AUSGENOMMEN IHRE EIGENE SKLAVIN, WEIL SIE MIT IHRER SKLAVIN VERTRAUT IST. WAS IST SIE WÄHREND DIESERTAGE? R. JEHUDA SAGT, SIE GELTE IN JEDER HINSICHT ALS EHEFRAU; R. JOSE SAGT, SIE SEI GESCHIEDEN UND NICHT GESCHIEDEN.",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MIR ZWEIHUNDERT ZUZ GIBST, SO IST SIE GESCHIEDEN, UND SIE GEBE SIE IHM; WENN ABER: MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU SIE MIR VON JETZT AB BINNEN DREISSIG TAGEN GIBST, SO IST SIE, WENN SIE SIE IHM INNERHALB DREISSIG TAGEN GEGEBEN HAT, GESCHIEDEN, WENN ABER NICHT, NIGHT GESCHIEDEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIE͑L SAGTE: EINST SAGTE JEMAND IN ÇAJDAN ZU SEINER FRAU: DA HAST DU DEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MIR MEIN GEWAND GIBST, UND DAS GEWAND KAM ABHANDEN; DA ENTSCHIEDEN DIE WEISEN, DASS SIE IHM DEN GELDWERT GEBE.",
+ "WIE LANGE MUSS SIE, WENN ER ZU IHR GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MEINEN VATER BEDIENST, MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MEINEN SOHN SÄUGST, IHN SÄUGEN? ZWEI JAHRE; R. JEHUDA SAGT, ACHTZEHN MONATE. STIRBT DER SOHN ODER DER VATER, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MEINEN VATER ZWEI JAHRE BEDIENST, MIT DER BEDINGUNG, DASS DU MEINEN SOHN ZWEI JAHRE SÄUGST, UND DER SOHNSTIRBT, ODER DER VATER, OHNE VON IHR GEKRÄNKT WORDENZU SEIN, DIE BEDIENUNG ABLEHNT, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF UNGÜLTIG; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIE͑L SAGT, DIESER SCHEIDEBRIEF SEI GÜLTIG. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIE͑L SAGTE EINE REGEL: WENN DAS HINDERNIS NIGHT VON IHR AUSGEHT, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN JEMANDGESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN DREISSIG TAGEN NICHT KOMME, UND VON JUDÄA NACH GALILÄA REIST, SO IST, WENN ER ANTIPATRISERREICHT HAT UND UMGEKEHRT IST, DIE BEDINGUNGAUFGEHOBEN. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA JST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN DREISSIG TAGEN NICHT KOMME, UND VON GALILÄA NACH JUDÄA REIST, SO IST, WENN ER DAS DORF U͑THNAJERREICHT HAT UND UMGEKEHRT IST, DIE BEDINGUNG AUFGEHOBEN. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN DREISSIG TAGEN NICHT KOMME, UND NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE REIST, SO IST, WENN ER A͑KKO ERREICHT HAT UND UMGEKEHRT IST, DIE BEDINGUNG AUFGEHOBEN. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SOBALD ICH DREISSIG TAGE VON DEINEM GESICHTE FORT BIN, UND FORTGEHT UND KOMMT, FORTGEHT UND KOMMT, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF, DA ER NICHT MIT IHR ALLEIN ZUSAMMEN WAR, GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN ER GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN ZWÖLF MONATEN NICHT KOMME, UND INNERHALB DER ZWÖLF MONATE STIRBT, SO ISTDER SCHEIDEBRIEF UNGÜLTIG; WENN ABER: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDEBRIEF VON JETZT AB, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN ZWÖLF MONATEN NICHT KOMME, UND INNERHALB DER ZWÖLF MONATE STIRBT, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF GÜLTIG. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN ZWÖLF MONATEN NICHT KOMME, SO SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND GEBT IHN IHR, UND SIE DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF INNERHALB DER ZWÖLF MONATF GESCHRIEBEN UND IHR NACH ZWÖLF MONATEN GEGEBEN HABEN, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN ER GESAGT HAT: SCHREIBT MEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND GEBT IHN IHR, FALLS ICH VON JETZT AB IN ZWÖLF MONATEN NICHT KOMME, UND SIE IHN INNERHALB DER ZWÖLF MONATE GESCHRIEBEN UND IHR NACH ZWÖLF MONATEN GEGEBEN HABEN, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF UNGÜLTIG; R. JOSE SAGT, EIN SOLCHER SCHEIDEBRIEF SEI GÜLTIG. WENN SIE IHN NACH ZWÖLF MONATEN GESCHRIEBEN UND IHR NACH ZWÖLF MONATEN GEGEBEN HABEN UND ER GESTORBEN IST, SO IST DER SCHEIDEBRIEF, WENN ER DEM TODE VORANGING, GÜLTIG, UND WENN DER TOD DEM SCHEIDEBRIEFE VORANGING, UNGÜLTIG; IST DIES UNBEKANNT, SO IST DIES EIN FALL, VON DEM SIE SAGTEN, SIE SEI GESCHIEDEN UND NICHT GESCHIEDEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINER FRAU EINEN SCHEIDEBRJEF ZUWIRFT, WAHREND SIE SICH IN IHREM HAUSE ODER IHREM HOFE BEFINDET, SO IST SIE GESCHIEDEN; WENN ER IHN IHR IN SEINEM HAUSE ODER IN SEINEM HOFE ZUWIRFT, SO IST SIE, SELBST WENN ER ZU IHR INS BETT FÄLLT, NICHT GESCHIEDEN, WENN ABER IN IHREN SCHOSS ODER IN IHR KÖRBCHEN, SO IST SIE GESCHIEDEN.",
+ "WENN ER ZU IHR GESAGT HAT: NIMM DIESEN SCHULDSCHEIN, ODER WENN SIE IHN HINTER IHM GEFUNDEN HAT, UND SIE IHN LIEST UND SIEHT, DASS ES IHR SCHEIDEBRIEF SEI, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG; NUR WENN ER ZU IHR GESAGT HAT: DA IST DEIN SCHEIDERRIEF. WENN ER IHN IHR IM SCHLAFE IN DIE HAND GELEGT HAT UND SIE ERWACHEND IHN LIEST UND SIEHT, DASS ES IHR SCHEIDEBRIEF SEI, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG; WENN SIE AUF ÖFFENTLICHEM GEBIETE STEHT UND ER IHR DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF ZUWIRFT, SO IST SIE, WENN ER IHR NÄHER IST, GESCHIEDEN, WENN ER IHM NÄHER IST, NICHT GESCHIEDEN, UND WENN HÄLFTE GEGEN HÄLFTE, GESCHIEDEN UND NICHT GESCHIEDEN.",
+ "DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON DER ANTRAUUNG UND DASSELBE VON EINER SCHULD. WENN SEIN GLÄUBIGER ZU IHM GESAGT HAT: WIRF MIR MEINE SCHULD ZU, UND ER SIE IHM ZUGEWORFEN HAT, SO IST, WENN SIE DEM GLÄUBIGER NÄHER IST, DER SCHULDNER IM VORTEIL, WENN SIE DEM SCHULDNER NÄHER IST, DER SCHULDNER HAFTBAR, UND WENN HÄLFTE GEGEN HÄLFTE, SO TEILEN SIE. WENN SIE AUF DER SPITZE DES DACHES GESTANDEN UND ER IHR DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF ZUGEWORFEN HAT, SO IST SIE, SOBALD ER DEN LUFTRÄUM DES DACHES ERREICHT HAT, GESCHIEDEN; WENN ER OBEN UND SIE UNTEN GESTANDEN UND ER IHN IHR ZUGEWORFEN HAT, SO IST SIE, SOBALD ER AUS DEM GEBIETE DES DACHES GEKOMMEN, AUCH WENN ERVERWISCHT ODER VERBRANNT WORDEN IST, GESCHIEDEN.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN KÖNNE SEINE FRAU MIT EINEM ALTEN SCHEIDEBRIEFE ENTLASSEN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS VERBIETET DIES. EIN ALTER SCHEIDEBRIEF HEISST ER, WENN, NACHDEM ER GESCHRIEBEN WORDEN IST, DER EHEMANN MIT IHR ZUSAMMEN WAR.",
+ "WENN ER DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF NACH DER ÄRA EINES UNWÜRDIGEN REICHES DATIERT HAT, NACH DER ÄRA DES MEDISCHEN REICHES, NACH DER ÄRA DES GRIECHISCHEN REICHES, NACH DER ÄRA DES TEMPELBAUES, NACH DER ÄRA DER TEMPELZERSTÖRUNG, ODER WENN ER IM OSTEN WAR UND ‘IM WESTEN’ ODER IM WESTEN WAR UND ‘IM OSTEN’ GESCHRIEBEN HAT, SO MUSS SIEVOM ERSTEN UND VOM ANDEREN FORT; SIE BENÖTIGT EINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES VOM ERSTEN UND VOM ANDEREN; SIE ERHÄLT MORGENGABE, FRUCHTGENUSS, UNTERHALT UND IHRE ABGETRAGENEN KLEIDER WEDER VOM ERSTEN NOCH VOM ANDEREN. HAT SIE SIE VOM ERSTEN ODER VOM ANDEREN ERHALTEN, SO MUSS SIE SIE ZURÜCKGEBEN; IHR KIND VOM ERSTENUND VOM ANDEREN IST EIN HURENKIND; WEDER DER ERSTE NOCH DER ANDERE DARF SICH AN IHRVERUNREINIGEN; WEDER DER ERSTE NOCH DER ANDERE HAT ANRECHT AUF IHREN FUND, IHRE HÄNDEARBEIT ODER DIE AUFHEBUNG IHRER GELÜBDE. SIE IST UNTAUGLICH, WENN SIE DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN IST, FÜRDIE PRIESTERSCHAFT, WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES LEVITEN, FÜR DEN ZEHNTEN, UND WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS, FÜR DIE HEBE. WEDER DIE ERBEN DES ERSTEN NOCH DIE ERBEN DES ANDERENERBEN IHRE MORGENGABE. SIND SIE GESTORBEN, SO VOLLZIEHE DER BRUDER DES ERSTEN UND DER BRUDER DES ANDEREN AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE. HAT ER SEINEN NAMEN, IHREN NAMEN, DEN NAMEN SEINER STADT ODER DEN NAMEN IHRER STADT GEÄNDERT, SO MUSS SIE VOM ERSTEN UND VOM ANDEREN FORT,",
+ "UND ALL DIESE BESTIMMUNGENGELTEN BEI IHR. WENN EINE VON den INZESTUÖSEN, VON DENEN SIE GESAGT HABEN, IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN SEIENENTBUNDEN, SICH VERHEIRATET HAT, UND ES SICH HERAUSSTELLT, DASS SIE ZWITTERHAFTIST, SO MÜSSEN DIE ANDERENVON DIESEM UND JENEM FORT, UND ALL DIESE BESTIMMUNGENGELTEN BEI IHNEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINE EHESCHWÄGERIN GENOMMENUND IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN EINEN ANDEREN GEHEIRATET HAT, UND ES SICH HERAUSSTELLT, DASS JENE ZWITTERHAFTIST, SO MUSS SIE VON DIESEM UND JENEMFORT, UND ALL DIESE BESTIMMUNGENGELTEN BEI IHR.",
+ "WENN DER SCHREIBER FÜR DEN MANN DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND FÜR DIE FRAU DIE QUITTUNGGESCHRIEBEN UND IRRTÜMLICH DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF DER FRAU UND DIE QUITTUNG DEM MANNE GEGEBEN HAT, UND DIESE SIE EINANDER AUSGEHÄNDIGT HABEN, UND NACH EINER ZEITDER SCHEIDEBRIEF BEIM MANNE UND DIE QUITTUNG BEI DER FRAU ZUM VORSCHEIN KOMMT, SO MUSS SIE VOM ERSTEN UND VOM ANDEREN FORT, UND ALL DIESE BESTIMMUNGENGELTEN BEI IHR. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, WENN DER SCHEIDEBRIEF SOFORT ZUM VORSCHEIN KOMMT, SEI ER UNGÜLTIG, WENN ABER NACH EINER ZEIT, SEI ER GÜLTIG, DA DER ERSTE NICHT BEFUGT IST, DEN ANDEREN UM SEIN RECHT ZU BRINGEN. WENN ER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHRIEBEN HAT, UM SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN ZU LASSEN, UND DAVON ABGEKOMMEN IST, SO HAT ER SIE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, FÜR DIE PRIESTERSCHAFT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SELBST WENN ER IHN IHR BEDINGUNGSWEISE GEGEBEN HAT UND DIE BEDINGUNG NICHT ERFÜLLT WORDEN IST, HABE ER SIE FÜR DIE PRIESTERSCHAFT NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SIGH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN LIESS UND SIE DARAUF MIT IHM IN EINER HERBERGE ÜBERNACHTETE, SO BENÖTIGT SIE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, KEINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES VON IHM; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SIE BENÖTIGE VON IHM EINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES. DIES NUR DANN, WENN SIE AUS DER VERHEIRATUNG GESCHIEDEN WORDEN IST, WENN SIE ABER AUS DER VERLOBUNG GESCHIEDEN WORDEN IST, PFLICHTEN ALLE BEI, DASS SIE KEINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES VON IHM BENÖTIGE, WEIL ER MIT IHR NICHT VERTRAUT IST. WENN ER SIE AUF GRUND EINES GLATZENHAFTEN SCHEIDEBRIEFESGEHEIRATET HAT, SO MUSS SIE VOM ERSTEN UND VOM ANDEREN FORT, UND JENE ALLE BESTIMMUNGENGELTEN BEI IHR.",
+ "JEDER DARF DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFT DES GLATZENHAFTEN SCHEIDEBRIEFES ERGÄNZEN– SO BEN NANNOS; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, NUR VERWANDTE, DIE SONST ALS ZEUGEN ZULÄSSIG SIND, DÜRFEN SIE ERGÄNZEN. EIN GLATZENHAFTER SCHEIDEBRIEF IST DER, DER MEHR FALTEN HAT ALS ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN LÄSST UND ZU IHR SPRICHT: SEI NUN JEDERMANN ERLAUBT, NUR NICHT JENEM, SO IST SIE, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, ERLAUBT, UND WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, VERBOTEN. WAS MACHE ER? ER NEHME IHR DEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AB, GEBE IHN IHR ZURÜCK UND SPRECHE ZU IHR: SEI NUN JEDEM MENSCHEN ERLAUBT. HAT ER ES HINEINGESCHRIEBEN, SO IST ER, SELBST WENN ER ES WIEDER AUSRADIERT, UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "SAGTE ER: SEI JEDERMANN ERLAUBT, NUR NICHT MEINEM VATER, DEINEM VATER, MEINEM BRUDER, DEINEM BRUDER, EINEM SKLAVEN, EINEM NICHTJUDEN, ODER SONST EINEM, DESSEN ANTRAUUNG MIT IHR UNGÜLTIG IST, SO IST DIE SCHEIDUNGGÜLTIG. SAGTE ER: SEI JEDERMANN ERLAUBT, NUR NICHT ALS WITWEEINEM HOCHPRIESTER, ALS GESCHIEDENE ODER HALUÇA EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER, ALS HURENKIND ODER NETHINA EINEM JISRAÉLITEN, ALS JISRAÉLITIN EINEM HURENKIND ODER EINEM NATHIN, ODER SONST EINEM, DESSEN ANTRAUUNG MIT IHR GÜLTIG, WENN AUCH VERBOTEN IST, S IST DIE SCHEIDUNG UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "DER WESENTLICHE TEXT DES SCHEIDEBRIEFES IST: DU BIST NUN JEDERMANN ERLAUBT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, MAN SCHREIBE AUCH: DIES DIENE DIR VON MIR ALS TRENNUNGSSCHRIFT, ENTLASSUNGSBRIEF UND SCHEIDUNGSURKUNDE, UM ZU GEHEN UND JEDERMANN NACH BELIEBEN ZU HEIRATEN. DER WESENTLICHE TEXT DES FREILASSUNGSBRIEFESIST : DU BIST NUN EIN FREIER, DU GEHÖRST NUN DIR SELBER.",
+ "DREI SCHEIDEBRIEFE SIND UNGÜLTIG, HAT SIE ABER GEHEIRATET, SO IST DAS KIND LEGITIM: DER VON SEINER HAND GESCHRIEBEN IST UND KEINE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN HAT, DER ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN, ABER KEIN DATUM HAT, DER EIN DATUM HAT, ABER NUR EIN ZEUGE UNTERSCHRIEBEN IST. DIESE DREI SCHEIDEBRIEFE SIND UNGÜLTIG; FALLS SIE ABER GEHEIRATET HAT, IST DAS KIND LEGITIM. R. ELIEZER SAGT, AUCH WENN ER KEINE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN HAT, ER IHN IHR ABER VOR ZEUGEN GEGEBEN HAT, SEI ELI GÜLTIG UND SIE KÖNNE DAMIT IHRE MORGENGABE VON VERÄUSSERTEN GÜTERN EINFORDERN, DENN DIE UNTERSCHRIFT DER ZEUGEN AUF EINER URKUNDE IST NUR EINE VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION.",
+ "WENN ZWEI IHRE GLEICHMÄSSIGENSCHEIDEBRIEFE GESCHICKT HABEN UND DIESE MIT EINANDER VERMISCHT WORDEN SIND, SO GEBE MAN BEIDE DER EINEN FRAU UND BEIDEDER ANDEREN; DAHER IST, WENN EINER VON IHNEN ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, DER ANDERENICHTIG. WENN FÜNF GEMEINSCHAFTLICH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHRIEBEN HABEN: N. LÄSST SICH VON N. SCHEIDEN UND N. VON N., UND DIE ZEUGEN UNTEN UNTERSCHRIEBEN HABEN, SO IST ER FÜR ALLE GÜLTIG UND IST JEDER BESONDERS EINZUHÄNDIGEN; WENN ABER FÜR JEDEN EIN BESONDERER TEXT GESCHRIEBEN WORDEN IST UND DIE ZEUGEN UNTEN UNTERSCHRIEBEN HABEN, SO IST DERJENIGE GÜLTIG, MIT DEM DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN ANSCHLIESSEND GELESENwerden.",
+ "WENN ZWEI SCHEIDEBRIEFE NEBEN EINANDERGESCHRIEBEN, UND UNTEN ZWEI ZEUGEN UNTEREINANDER HEBRÄISCH UND ZWEI ZEUGEN UNTEREINANDER GRIECHISCH UNTERSCHRIEBENSIND, SO IST DER, DEM DIE ERSTEN ZEUGEN SICH ANSCHLIESSEN, GÜLTIG. WENN EIN ZEUGE HEBRÄISCH, EIN ZEUGE GRIECHISCH, EIN ZEUGE HEBRÄISCH UND EIN ZEUGE GRIECHISCH UNTEREINANDER UNTERSCHRIEBEN IST, SO SIND BEIDE UNGÜLTIG .",
+ "WENN ETWAS VOM SCHEIDEBRIEFEZURÜCKGEBLIEBEN IST UND ER ES AUF DIE ZWEITE KOLUMNE GESCHRIEBEN HAT, UND DIE ZEUGEN UNTEN UNTERSCHRIEBEN HABEN, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. WENN DIE ZEUGEN AM KOPFE DER KOLUMNE, AN DER SEITE ODER BEI EINEM EINFACHEN AUF DER RÜCKSEITEUNTERSCHRIEBEN SIND, SO IST ER UNGÜLTIG. WENN MAN DEN KOPF DES EINEN NEBEN DEN KOPF DES ANDEREN GESETZT HAT UND DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN SICH IN DER MITTE BEFINDEN, SO SIND BEIDEUNGÜLTIG. WENN DAS ENDE DES EINEN AN DAS ENDE DES ANDEREN UND DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN SICH IN DER MITTE BEFINDEN, SO IST DER, DEM DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN SICH ANSCHLIESSEN, GÜLTIG. WENN DEN KOPF DES EINEN AN DAS ENDE DES ANDEREN UND DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN SICH IN DER MITTE BEFINDEN, SO IST DER, DEM DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN SICH AM ENDE ANSCHLIESSEN, GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN DER SCHEIDEBRIEF HEBRÄISCH IST UND DIE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFTEN GRIECHISCH, ODER ER GRIECHISCH UND DIE ZEUGENUINTERSCHRIFTEN HEBRÄISCH, ODER WENN EINE ZEUGENUNTERSCHRIFT HEBRÄISCH UND EINE GRIECHISCH IST, ODER WENN DER SCHREIBER IHN GESCHRIEBEN UND EIN ZEUGE UNTERSCHRIEBEN HAT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. STEHT DARIN: ‘N., ZEUGE’, SO IST ER GÜLTIG; WENN: ‘SOHN DES N., ZEUGE’, SO IST ER GÜLTIG; WENN: ‘N., SOHN DES N.’, ABER NICHT ‘ZEUGE’, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. SO VERFUHREN AUCH DIE VORNEHMENIN JERUŠALEM. WENN ER NUR SEINEN BEINAMENUND IHREN BEINAMEN GESCHRIEBEN HAT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG. DER ERZWUNGENE SCHEIDEBRIEP IST, WENN DURCH JISRAÉLITEN, GÜLTIG, UND WENN DURCH NICHTJUDEN, UNGÜLTIG. WENN NICHTJUDEN IHN PRÜGELN UND ZU IHM SAGEN: TU, WAS DER JISRAÉLIT DIR SAGT, SO IST ER GÜLTIG.",
+ "WENN ÜBER SIE IN DER STADT DAS GERÜCHT GEHT, DASS SIE ANGETRAUT SEI, SO GILT SIE ALS ANGETRAUT, DASS SIE GESCHIEDEN SEI, SO GILT SIE ALS GESCHIEDEN, NUR DARF DAMIT KEINE ABSCHWÄCHUNG VERBUNDEN SEIN. WAS HEISST EINE ABSCHWÄCHUNG? WENN ES HEISST: JENER LIESS SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN, ABER UNTER EINER BEDINGUNG, JENER WARF IHR DIE ANTRAUUNGSURKUNDE ZU, JEDOCH IST ES ZWEIFELHAFT, OB SIE IHR ODER IHMNÄHER WAR, SO IST DIES EINE ABSCHWÄCHUNG.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE SICH VON SEINER FRAU NUR DANN SCHEIDEN LASSEN, WENN MAN AN IHR ETWAS SCHÄNDLICHES GEFUNDEN HAT, DENN ES HEISST:denn er fand an ihr etwas Schändliches; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SELBST WENN SIE IHM DIE SUPPE VERSALZENHAT, DENN ES HEISST: denn er fand an ihr etwas Schändliches; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, SELBST WENN ER EINE ANDERE SCHÖNER ALS SIE FINDET, DENN ES HEISST: wenn sie keine Gunst in seinen Augen findet."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbcc23e2da7d834164145ad53b192d6624391a22
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tIf one brings a get from medinath hayam (lit., \"the land of the sea,\" i.e., abroad), he must say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" [Anything outside of Eretz Yisrael is called \"medinath hayam.\" (\"He must say: 'Before me, it was written, etc.'\":) Some say, because those living abroad are not learned in Torah, and they do not know that a get must be written lishmah (i.e., for the specific instance). Therefore, the messenger says: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed,\" and, as a matter of course, he is asked if it were written lishmah, and he replies that it was. Others say it is because caravans are infrequent between there and here (Eretz Yisrael) so that if the husband protested that he did not write it, witnesses could not be found to corroborate the signatures of the witnesses, for which reason the rabbis believed the messenger as two, and the protest of the husband no longer availed.] R. Gamliel says: Even one who brings it from Rekem and from Cheger (which are close to Eretz Yisrael, must say: \"Before me, etc.\") [The Targum for (Genesis 16:14): \"between Kadesh and Bared\" is \"between Rekam and Chagra.\"] R. Eliezer says: Even from Kfar Ludim [which is outside Eretz Yisrael] to Lud [which is near it, and part of Eretz Yisrael.] And the sages say: Only one who brings a get from abroad and one who takes (a get from Eretz Yisrael abroad) must say: \"Before me it was written, and before me, it was signed.\" And one who brings it from one province to another in medinath hayam must say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me, it was signed.\" R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: Even from one hegemony to another [with distinct jurisdiction].",
+ "\tR. Yehudah says: From Rekem until [the end of the world] eastward [is considered outside of Eretz Yisrael], and Rekem [itself is considered] as the east [of the world, and not as Eretz Yisrael]. From Ashkelon southward, and Ashkelon as the south. From Acco northwards, and Acco as the north. R. Meir says: Acco is as Eretz Yisrael in respect to gittin.",
+ "\tIf one brings a get in Eretz Yisrael, he need not say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" If there are \"protestors\" against it, [the husband protesting that it is forged], it is confirmed through its signatures. [If witnesses testify to (the authenticity of) their signatures, or if other witnesses recognize their signatures, it is valid. And nowadays, if one brings a get, whether in Eretz Yisrael or abroad, he must give it to her in the presence of two witnesses and say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\"] If one brings a get from abroad, he cannot say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed\" [(as when he gave it to her when he could speak, and he did not get to say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed\" before he became mute)]. If there are witnesses signed on it, it is confirmed through their signatures.",
+ "\tBoth the gittin of women and the manumissions of bondsmen are alike in respect to taking and bringing, [vis-à-vis the saying of: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed\"]. And this is one of the ways in which the gittin of women are similar to the manumissions of bondsmen.",
+ "\tEvery bill on which a Cuthite witness is signed is invalid, except the gittin of women and the manumissions of bondsmen, [which are valid if one of the witnesses is a Cuthite. But if both are Cuthites, the first tanna invalidates it, even with the gittin of women.] The get of a woman on which Cuthite witnesses were signed was once brought before R. Gamliel in Kfar Otnai, and he validated it. [R. Gamliel validated it even where both were Cuthites. And today, after the decree that Cuthites be considered like gentiles in all respects, the gittin of women are not different from other writs; even one Cuthite witness renders a writ invalid.] All writs which are adjudicated in gentile courts, [the witnesses having testified before the judge in their place of judgment], even if they are signed by gentiles, are valid. [This, where we know the judge and the witnesses not to take bribes], except for the gittin of women and the manumissions of bondsmen. [(The validity obtains) only in respect to writs of loans and sales, where the witnesses beheld the transfer of money. But writs of indebtedness and the gittin of women, and all things which are enactments of beth-din — all such things are invalid in their courts.] R. Shimon says: These, too, are valid. They were not mentioned [in the house of study as being invalid] except where they were enacted by [gentiles who were] laymen, [not judges. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]",
+ "\tIf one says: Give this get to my wife, or this writ of manumission to my bondsman, if he wishes to retract with both, [before they reach the hand of the woman or of the bondsman], he may do so [and the messenger may not acquire the writ on their behalf; for it is a liability to them in that it deprives them of their sustenance.] These are the words of R. Meir. The sages say: [He may retract] with the gittin of women, but not with the manumissions of bondsmen. [And the halachah is in accordance with the sages.] For a man is accorded benefit even not in his presence, but liability is imposed upon him only in his presence. For if he wished not to feed his bondsman, he could do so, [so that when he frees him he does not cause him to lose his sustenance]; but he is not permitted not to feed his wife, [so that when he divorces her, he causes her to lose her sustenance.] He (R. Meir) said to them: But he disqualifies his bondsman from terumah, just as he disqualifies his wife! They answered: That is because he is his acquisition. [That is, the reason the bondsman of a Cohein eats terumah is that he is his acquisition — just as the beast of a Cohein eats terumah vetch, and there is no ascendancy in this. Therefore, if he frees him, even though he disqualifies him from eating terumah, this is no liability to the bondsman.] If one says: Give this get to my wife, or (give) this writ of manumission to my bondsman, and he died, they are not to be given after his death. [For it is not a get until it reaches her hand, and when it reaches her hand, he is dead; and there is no get after death. And with the writ of manumission, too, when it reaches his (the bondsman's) hand, he (the owner) is dead and has no authority over him.] (If one says:) Give a manah to this and this man, and he dies, it is to be given after his death [even if he did not say: \"this manah,\" for the words of a shechiv mera (one at the point of death) are as \"written and given\"]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one brings a get from abroad and says: \"Before me, it was written, but it was not signed before me\"; \"Before me, it was signed, but it was not written before me\"; \"Before me, all of it was written, and before me, half of it was signed\" [i.e., one of the witnesses signed]; \"Before me, half of it was written, and before me, all of it was signed\" — it is invalid. [This, if only the last half (were written); but (if he said:) \"Before me, the first half (containing the names of the man and the woman and the date) was written,\" it is valid. And for the first half, too, it is not necessary that he witness the writing itself; but if he heard the sound of the pen upon the paper at the time of writing, it is sufficient.] If one says: \"Before me, it was written,\" and the other: \"Before me, it was signed,\" it is invalid. [This, when the get is brought by one of them. For the rabbis required the messenger bringing the get to say both. But if the get were brought by both, it is valid, two who bring a get not being required to say: \"Before me, it was written and before me it was signed.\" If two say: \"Before us, it was written,\" and one says: \"Before me, it was signed,\" it is invalid. [This, when the get is brought by one of them; but if it is brought by both, it is valid.] And R. Yehudah rules it valid [even if it is brought by one of them. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\tIf it were written in the daytime and signed in the daytime; in the night, and signed at night; at night, and signed in the daytime — it is valid. [For the day appertains to the night (preceding it), so that it (the date on the get) is not mukdam (prior, to the date of the signing)]. (If it were written) in the daytime, and signed at night, it is invalid. [For it is mukdam. The rabbis instituted a date in gittin as a decree, lest one be married to his sister's daughter, and she be adulterous, and he, pitying her, that she not be put to death by strangulation, give her an undated get, so that when they testify against her in beth-din, she could produce her get and say: \"I was divorced and single at that time.\"] R. Shimon rules it valid, R. Shimon saying that all gittin written in the daytime and signed at night are invalid, except for the gittin of women. [For R. Shimon holds that the sages instituted a date in gittin because of fruits. For if there were no date on the get, the husband could continue selling the nichsei melog fruits of his wife after divorcing her, and when a claim were brought against him, he could say: \"I sold them before the divorce.\" And, accordingly, R. Shimon rules that a get written in the daytime and signed at night is valid, even though it is mukdam; for he holds that once her husband determined to divorce her, even though he did not yet do so, he no longer has title to the fruits. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]",
+ "\tGittin can be written with all things: with ink, with paint, with sikra [a red dye], with gum resin, with vitriol, and with all (other) things whose impression remains. They are not written with juices or with fruit-liquid, or with any (other) thing whose impression does not remain. Gittin are written on all things: on a [torn-off] olive leaf, on the horn of a cow (and he gives her the cow) [for he cannot cut the horn off after he writes it, it being written (Deuteronomy 24:1): \"And he shall write her a scroll of divorce, and he shall place it in her hand\" — that which lacks only writing and giving; to exclude that which lacks writing, cutting and giving]; on the hand of a bondsman, and he gives her the bondsman. R. Yossi Haglili says: Gittin are not written on things which have a spirit of life, and not on foods. [For the Torah called a get \"sefer\" (a scroll). Just as a scroll is characterized by not having a spirit of life and not being edible, so, all that does not have a spirit of life and is not edible. And the rabbis say: if it were written: \"in a sefer,\" it would be as you say. But now that it is written \"sefer,\" sefirath devarim (\"relating details\" of the get) is the intent. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tGittin are not written on what is attached to the ground, [\"cutting\" lacking]. If it were written on what was attached, torn off, signed, and given to her, it is valid. [This is what is meant: If he wrote the tofess (the entire get excluding the place of the man, the place of the woman, and the date) on something attached to the ground, and it were torn off and signed — that is, if he wrote the toref (the place of the man and the woman and the date) after it were torn off, it is valid. For since the toref was written on what was torn off, even though the tofess was written on what was attached, it is valid.] R. Yehudah rules it to be invalid, until it be both written and signed on what is detached. R. Yehudah b. Betheira says: Gittin are written neither on erased paper nor on diftera, for it lends itself to forging. And the sages permit it. [(\"neither on erased paper\":) For he can erase what he wishes up to the (signatures of the) witnesses, and write above it what he wishes, without anything being noticed, the witnesses, too, being signed on what is erased. (\"diftera\":) Its erasure is not noticeable. Diftera is a skin prepared with salt and flour, but not with gall-nut. (\"And the sages permit it\":) with gittin only, the sages holding that the witnesses of delivery (of the get to the woman) effect the divorce, and not the witnesses of the signing. But with other writs, where the witnesses of the signing are relied upon, the sages agree that they are written neither on erased paper nor on diftera. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tAll are fit to write a get, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile, and a minor. [This, on condition that an adult stands over him and tells him: \"Write it on behalf of that man.\" But a gentile or a bondsman, even if an adult stands over him, should not write the get ab initio, for they are of independent intellect, and act on their own behalf; so that even if an adult tells them to write it for someone else, they write it on their own. And if a gentile or a bondsman writes the tofess of the get, and a knowing Israelite writes the toref — the name of the man and the woman and the date, all of these requiring lishmah (specific intent) — the get is valid. Likewise, a deaf-mute, an imbecile, and a minor, who, according to our Mishnah, are fit to write a get, are fit only with respect to the tofess, but, with respect to the toref, it is not valid unless written by a knowing, adult Israelite.] The woman may write her get, and the man may write his receipt (of payment of the kethubah). For the get takes effect only through its signatories. All are fit to bring the get, except a deaf-mute, an imbecile, and a minor, [who lack independent intellect], one who is blind [He is not qualified to bring the get from abroad, not being able to say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" But to bring a get in Eretz Yisrael, where he need not say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed\" — or even abroad, if the get is validated through its signatories, or to be the woman's messenger to receive her get — for all of these, a blind man is fit], and a gentile. [For he is not included in the Law of gittin and kiddushin (marriage). And in an area where he himself is not included, he cannot serve as a messenger for another.]",
+ "\tIf the minor received [the get from the husband's hand], and [before he gave it to her] came of age; if he were a deaf-mute, and regained his faculties; if he were blind, and regained his sight; if he were an imbecile and regained his intellect; if he were a gentile, and became a proselyte, it is invalid. But if he possesses his faculties, and then became a deaf-mute, and then regained his faculties; if he possessed sight, and then became blind, and then regained his sight [(it is valid) even if he did not regain his sight. For since he possessed sight when he received the get, he is qualified to be a messenger, being able to say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" But since we must learn later: \"and then he regained his intellect,\" that he must be of independent intellect at the time of giving, we also learn in the beginning: \"and then he regained his sight.\" And all who are unfit to testify by reason of transgression are not fit to bring the get, not being believed to say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" And if the get were validated through its signatories, they are fit to bring it.]; if he possessed intellect, and then became an imbecile, and then regained his intellect, it is valid. This is the rule: Wherever there is da'ath (independent intellect) in the beginning and in the end, it (the get) is valid.",
+ "\tEven the women who are not believed to say that her husband died are believed to bring her get: her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her co-wife, her yevamah, and her husband's daughter. [They are not believed to say that her husband died, for they hate her and desire her undoing.] What is the difference between a get and death (in the above instance)? (In the get) the writing is the indicator. The woman herself is permitted to bring her get, so long as she says: \"Before me, it was written and before me it was signed.\" [This, only if the husband stipulated with her when he gave her the get that she be divorced only in a certain beth-din and that she say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" Beth-din take it from her after she says this, and they appoint a messenger to return it to her. But a woman who brings a get wherever she may be is divorced, even if the get is not validated through its signatories, and she need not say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\"]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tEvery get which was not written specifically for that woman is invalid. How so? If he were passing through the market and heard the voices of scribes calling [to their apprentices: When someone comes for a get, write it thus:] \"This and this man divorces this and this woman, from this and this place,\" and he said: \"That is my name, and that is the name of my wife,\" it is invalid as a divorce. Even more: If he wrote it to divorce his wife therewith [i.e., not only is a get not written for divorce but for practice invalid; but even one written for the sake of divorce], if he changed his mind, and one of his townsmen found it, and said: \"My name is the same as yours, and my wife's name, the same as your wife's name,\" it is invalid as a divorce. Even more, if he had two wives with the same name, and he wrote it to divorce the elder, he may not divorce the younger with it. [Not only is it invalid if it were not written for the sake of divorce of this man, but even if one had two wives, in which instance it was written for the sake of divorce of this man, it is invalid, since it was not written for the sake of divorce of this particular woman. (elder, younger:) not necessarily.] Even more, if he said to the scribe: \"Write it for me to divorce whichever wife I choose,\" it is invalid as a divorce. [We are hereby apprised that we do not say that it is established retroactively that when he wrote it, too, it was this wife that he intended, so that there is (a bona fide) divorce vis-à-vis both him and her.]",
+ "\tIf one writes the tofess of gittin [If a scribe desires to have them ready for one who may come for a get while he is busy with other writs], he must leave blank the places for the man, the woman, and the date. [The gemara adds: also the place for: \"You are permitted to all men.\"] (If one writes) bills of loan, he must leave blank the places for the borrower, the lender, the sum, and the date. (If one writes) bills of sale, he must leave blank the spaces for the buyer, the seller, the sum, the field, and the date — because of the ordinance. [They permitted the writing of tofsim of gittin and bills, (even) not for an actual instance because of the ordinance (for the sake) of the scribe, that they be ready for him, so long as he leaves the toref for writing lishmah (to its particular end). And the toref of other bills is decreed (as requiring lishmah) because of the toref of gittin.] R. Yehudah forbids it with all, [the tofess being subsumed in the decree because of the toref; and other bills, because of gittin.] R. Elazar permits it with all, [other bills not being subsumed in the decree because of gittin], except for the gittin of women, it being written (Deuteronomy 24:1): \"And he shall write to her\" — lishmah. [And the tofess is subsumed in the decree because of the toref. The halachah is in accordance with R. Elazar.]",
+ "\tIf one brought a get and lost it, if he found it immediately, it is valid; if not, it is invalid. [This, only if he lost it in a place frequented by caravans, in which instance it is to be posited that it may have fallen from one of the passersby. But if it were lost in a place unfrequented by caravans, even after a long lapse of time it is valid. And even if it were lost in a place frequented by caravans, if the witnesses had clear identification, so that they could say (for example:) \"There was a hole near this letter,\" or: \"We never signed on a get with these names except this one,\" it is valid, even after a long lapse of time.] If he found it in a chafisah or a d'luskema, [document bags, with identifying signs], if he recognizes it, it is valid. [This (\"if he recognizes it\") is an independent statement, i.e.: If he found it in a chafisah or a d'luskema, even if he does not recognize the get — or if he recognizes the get, wherever he found it, it is valid.] If one brought a get and left (her husband) when he was an old man or sick, he gives it (the get) to her on the assumption that he (her husband) is alive. [And we do not apprehend that he might have died and that his embassy is voided. For we premise the continuance of the original status. But if it became known to us that he died before the get reached her, the get is void; for there is no get after death.] If the daughter of an Israelite were married to a Cohein and he went abroad, she eats terumah on the assumption that he is alive. If one sends his sin-offering from abroad, we sacrifice it on the assumption that he is alive. [And we do not apprehend that its owner died, in which instance, the offering \"stands for death\" (and not for sacrifice)].",
+ "\tR. Elazar b. Parta said three things before the sages, and they confirmed his words: (People) in a besieged (karkom) city [(The Targum of \"siege\" is \"karkumin\")], on a tempest-tossed boat [not having sunk], and going out to be judged [for capital offenses] are assumed to be alive. But (people) in a siege-conquered city, on a boat lost at sea, and going out to be executed are invested with the stringencies of the living and the stringencies of the dead. The daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein [(the stringencies of the dead)] and the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite [(the stringencies of the living)] may not eat terumah.",
+ "\tIf one brought a get in Eretz Israel [in which instance he need not say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed\"], and he took ill, he may send it with another. [He may appoint the messenger himself, without resorting to beth-din (but only if he took ill)]. And if he [the husband] said to him: \"Take this and this for me from her\" [when you give her the get], he may not send it with another. For he does not wish what is his to be in another's hand.]",
+ "\tIf one brought a get from abroad, and he took ill, beth-din appoints [a messenger] and sends him, and he (the first) says before them (beth-din): \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed.\" And the last messenger need not say: \"Before me, it was written, and before me it was signed,\" but only: \"I am a messenger of beth-din.\" [And it is taken for granted that beth-din acted in accordance with the law. And the second messenger may appoint a third — until a hundred, and all in beth-din, this being implied by \"The last messenger need not say … but only: 'I am a messenger of beth-din.'\"]",
+ "\tIf one lent money to a Cohein, a Levite, or a pauper, to deduct the amount from their share of (the tithe), he deducts it on the assumption that they are alive; and he need not apprehend that the Cohein or the Levite died or that the pauper became wealthy. [When he separates terumah, he sells it and keeps the money for himself for his loan to the Cohein; and he keeps the first-tithe and the poor-tithe and eats it for his loan to the Levite and to the pauper (but from the first-tithe he separates terumath-ma'aser for the Cohein.) And if he is wont to give his terumoth and ma'aseroth to this Cohein, or Levite, or pauper from whom he borrowed, he need not invest them with his ma'aseroth and terumoth through another, but he takes them for himself immediately after he tithes them. But if he is wont to give his terumoth and ma'aseroth to others, he cannot keep them for his loans until he first invests another with them, and then takes them back for his loan.] If they (the Cohein, Levite, or pauper) died, he must receive permission from the heirs [who inherited land on which the creditor has a claim. He must receive their permission to collect this debt through these terumoth and ma'aseroth. For they might desire to receive their gifts and to repay the debt of their testator from elsewhere.] If he lent them before beth-din, he need not receive permission from the heirs.",
+ "\tIf one set aside fruits from which to separate terumoth and ma'aseroth [i.e., if he relies upon them and eats other tevel (untithed produce) that he has, saying: Its terumah is in those fruits that I set aside for this purpose], or (if he set aside) money with which to redeem ma'aser sheni, he can proceed on the assumption that they (the set-aside fruits and moneys) are there (in his possession). If they were lost, [If he went to check and found them missing], he must be apprehensive [as to the status of the tevel produce that he had \"corrected\" through them. And if he had not yet eaten of it, he must tithe it; for it may be that when he said: \"Its terumah is in the fruits that I set aside,\" they were already lost], (he must be apprehensive) for a twenty-four hour period [(retroactively) from the time of checking. When he checked and found them missing, he must suspect that they were already missing yesterday at this time. And if he had made them ma'aser within a twenty-four hour period for other produce, he must tithe it on the possibility (that they were missing.) The rabbis did not require more apprehension than this, relying on the chazakah (the original status, i.e., that they obtained)]. These are the words of R. Elazar b. Shamua. R. Yehudah says: There are three occasions on which wine [which one had set aside for the tithing of other wine] is checked [to see if it had soured (vinegar not being tithable for wine)]: when the east wind blows at the termination of the festival (Succoth), at budding time, and when water enters the boser (half-ripe grapes). [When they are \"double-white\" they are called \"boser,\" and the entry of water (above) refers to water entering and accumulating within them to the point where some of it is retained. Another interpretation: They would crush grapes when they were boser and add water to prepare vinegar for dipping. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one sent a get to his wife, and he came upon the messenger, or if he sent a messenger after him and said to him: \"The get that I gave you is void,\" it is void. [(\"if he came upon the messenger\":) without having pursued him to overtake him, but the messenger stopping on the way and the husband chancing upon him and voiding the get. Even so, it is void, and we do not say that he was simply taunting him and that if he really had wanted to void it, he would have pursued him.] If he reached his wife first or sent a messenger to her, telling her: \"The get that I sent you is void,\" it is void. Once the get has reached her hand (however) he can no longer void it. [We are hereby apprised that even though we see him bent upon voiding it, we do not say that this is clear indication of its having been voided. And in an instance in which a man gives his wife a get (to take effect) at a certain time or with (the fulfillment of) a certain condition — if he says to her: \"This is your get from now, (to take effect) at that time,\" or \"if that condition is fulfilled,\" once the get reaches her hand, he can no longer void it, and she is divorced at that time or with the fulfillment of that condition. And if he did not say to her: \"from now,\" then even after the get reached her hand, he can void it.]",
+ "\tIn the beginning, he would convene a beth-din in a different place and void it. [He would void it not in the presence of the woman or of the messenger, but wherever he was, in the presence of three (a beth-din)]. R. Gamliel the elder instituted that they should not do so, for \"the general good.\" [For the messenger, not aware (of the later revocation) would take it to her and she would remarry through it. And by the power of R. Gamliel's ordinance, stripes are administered to one who voids a get or protests it.] In the beginning, he would change his name and her name, the name of his city and the name of her city. [If he had two names, one here and one abroad, he would divorce her by the name in the place of the get and not take care to write both.] R. Gamliel the elder instituted that he write \"this and this man and every (other) name that he has\"; \"this and this woman and every (other) name that she has,\" for \"the general good.\" [so that her children by her second husband not be brought into disrepute, viz.: \"Her husband did not divorce her; this is not his name.\" And if a man is known by two names, one in the place of the writing (of the get) and another in the place of the delivery, she is not divorced until both be written. But if he were known by two (different) names in one place, and only one of them were written — if it were done, it is valid, but ab initio, both should be written. And if he changed his name or her name in the get, even if he wrote afterwards: \"and any other name that I have,\" the get is void.]",
+ "\tA widow claims payment [of her kethubah] from the property of the orphans only with an oath [that she had received nothing of it]. They (beth-din) forbore from administering the oath to her. [For because she exerted herself for the orphans she would rationalize her swearing that she had received nothing even if she had received a small amount, feeling that she had received it for her exertions and not as payment of the kethubah. Therefore, they would forbear from administering the oath to her, and she would lose her kethubah.] R. Gamliel the elder instituted that she vow to the orphans whatever (formula of vow) they desire [such as: \"I bevow enjoyment of this and this food if I have derived any benefit from my kethubah\"], and she collects her kethubah. [And if she remarried before the orphans bevowed her for her kethubah, in which instance her husband might nullify her vow, what do they do? They beswear her, outside of beth-din an \"oath of the rabbis,\" transgression of which is not so severe (as that of a Torah oath), and she takes her kethubah after she is married. And if she comes to collect her kethubah before she remarries, the orphans have the option: If they wish, they administer the oath outside of beth-din, or they bevow her in beth-din. Witnesses sign on a get for \"the general good.\" [This (\"for the general good\") refers to both, viz.: A widow is bevowed by the orphans for \"the general good,\" that widows remarry and not worry about losing their kethubah; and witnesses sign on the get for \"the general good.\" For since the witnesses to the delivery cause the get to take effect, the witnesses to the woman's having received the get being the underpinning of the divorce, there is really no need for witnesses to sign the get. But because of \"the general good\" — because we fear that one of the witnesses to the delivery might die, and the get be like a mere shard in her hand, (it was instituted that witnesses sign)]. Hillel instituted the prozbol for \"the general good.\" [For because he saw the people forbearing to lend each other (in apprehension of the loan's being dissolved by the shemitah year), and (by their forbearance) transgressing (Deuteronomy 15:9): \"Take heed unto yourself lest there be in your heart a thing of wickedness, etc.\" — he arose and instituted the prozbol. This is the text of the prozbol: \"I give over to you, ploni and ploni, the judges, (all of my claims) so that I can claim whatever ploni owes me whenever I wish\"].",
+ "\tIf a (Canaanite) bondsman were taken captive and redeemed [by other Israelites after his master had despaired of his return] — if (he were redeemed) for servitude, he serves [the second master]; if for freedom, he does not serve [neither the first nor the second. Not the second, for he redeemed him for freedom. Not the first, [lest they not redeem him]. R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: In either event, he serves [his first master, lest every bondsman cause himself to be taken captive by brigands to escape his master.] If a master made his bondsman an apotiki [po tehei kai (\"Here shall it stand\"), i.e., From this (the bondsman) shall you collect your debt, and not from elsewhere)], and he [his first master] freed him, justice dictates that the bondsman owes nothing [to the second, for his first master's manumission dissolved his servitude]; but because of \"the general good\" [lest the second find him in the marketplace and say to him: \"You are my bondsman,\" bringing his children into disrepute], his master [the second] is compelled to free him and he [the bondsman] writes him (the second) a bill of debt for his worth [i.e., for his market value (as a bondsman); not for the amount of the debt if the debt were more than his worth.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: He [the bondsman] does not write [him a bill of debt, for he owes him nothing. But his first master, who \"damaged\" what was owing the second must pay him his worth. For one who damages what is owed to another is liable. (The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel)], but he (the second) frees him.",
+ "\tIf one were half bondsman-half free [as when he were the bondsman of two masters, and one of them freed him], or else, when his master received half of his value from him and freed half of him for that money], he serves his master one day, and himself the other day. These are the words of Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: \"You have 'amended' his master, [who loses nothing], but you have not amended him!\" He cannot marry a bondswoman, for he is half-free. He cannot marry a free-woman, for he is half-bondsman. Not to marry — Was the world not created for fruitfulness and multiplication, viz. (Isaiah 45:18): \"Not for naught did He create it; to be inhabited did He form it.\" Rather, because of \"the general good\" his master is compelled to free him, and he (the servant) writes a bill of debt for half of his value. [The same holds if he were the bondsman of a hundred partners and one of them freed him. All of them are compelled to free him.] And Beth Hillel reversed themselves to rule according to the words of Beth Shammai.",
+ "\tIf one sold his bondsman to a gentile or (to servitude) outside Eretz Israel, he goes out free [if he escaped from the gentile, or if beth-din penalized him to redeem him from the gentiles (as stated: \"He is compelled to redeem him\"), and after he redeems him, he may not keep him in servitude. The sages penalized him for having removed him from mitzvoth. Likewise, if (he sold him) outside of Eretz Yisrael, he goes out free because he sent him out of Eretz Yisrael.] Captives are not to be redeemed for more than their worth, for \"the general good\" [so that the gentiles not be zealous to amass captives.] And captives are not to be \"smuggled out\" of captivity, for \"the general good\" [lest the captors vent their wrath on others who fall into their hands and chain them and place their feet in stocks.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: For the good of the captives, [R. Shimon b. Gamliel not being apprehensive for those who might fall into captivity, but for those who are now captive with him; but if he alone were captive, he is to be smuggled out. No fear is to be entertained for other captives if they are not already with him. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.] (Torah) scrolls, tefillin, and mezuzoth are not to be purchased for more than their worth, for \"the general good.\"",
+ "\tIf one divorced his wife because of an evil report [rumors of infidelity], he may not take her back; because of a vow [that she made, and he said: \"I do not want a vowing woman\"], he may not take her back. [Even if the report were found to be false or she were absolved of the vow by a sage. (He may not take her back) lest she go and marry another and the report of infidelity be found false or she be absolved of the vow by a sage, so that she not be a \"wanton vower,\" and the husband say: \"Had I known this, even if they had given me a hundred manah, I would not have divorced her,\" thereby voiding the get and rendering her children mamzerim. Therefore, he is told: \"Be apprised that if one divorces his wife because of an evil report or because of a vow, he may never take her back,\" hearing which, he divorces her categorically, and he can no longer compromise her.] R. Yehudah says: With every vow known to many, he may not take her back; not known to many, he may take her back. [R. Yehudah holds that the rabbis said: \"If one divorced his wife because of an evil report or because of a vow, he may not take her back,\" so that the daughters of Israel not be promiscuous with arayoth (illicit connections) or with vows, for which reason he says that with every vow known to many (ten or more Israelites), there is relatively greater promiscuity, and she was penalized not to be taken back. And with what is not known to many, there is relatively less promiscuity, and she was, accordingly, not penalized.] R. Meir says: With every vow that requires the deliberation of a sage, he may not take her back. (With every vow) that does not require the probing of a sage, he may take her back. [R. Meir holds the rationale (for forbidding him to take her back) is the possibility of undermining (the get). Therefore, with a vow that he himself cannot annul, but which only a sage can absolve her of, he can undermine the get after she remarries by saying: \"Had I known that a sage could have absolved you of it, I would not have divorced you.\" But with a get that does not require the probing of a sage, but which can be annulled by the husband himself, the sages did not need to forbid him to take her back. For he cannot compromise her by saying: \"Had I known, etc.\", for it was an \"open\" vow, which he could have annulled, and he did not.] R. Eliezer said: They forbade the one [i.e., taking her back in the instance of a vow which requires the probing of a sage] only because of the other [which does not require it. For with one that does require it, we need not fear undermining, for he cannot say: \"Had I known that a sage could have absolved her of it, I would not have divorced her.\" For \"we are witnesses\" that even had he known it, he would have divorced her, a man not wanting his wife to be demeaned in beth-din before a sage, to go to his beth-din and to inquire as to her oath. But it is because of a vow that does not require a sage, which the husband himself could have annulled, that they forbade (him to take her back) in all instances, that he not say: \"Had I known that I could have annulled it, I would not have divorced her.\"] R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah said; It happened in Tziddon that one said to his wife: \"I vow to divorce you,\" and he divorced her, and the sages permitted him to take her back, for \"the general good.\" [The gemara explains that something is lacking and that this is the intent: When is this so (that he may not take her back)? When she vowed. But if he vowed to divorce her, and he divorced her, he may take her back, and we do not fear any undermining. And R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah said: It also happened in Tziddon that one said to his wife: \"Konam, if I do not divorce you.\" That is: May all the fruits in the world be forbidden to me if I do not divorce you. And he divorced her, and the sages permitted him to take her back. (\"for the general good\":) That is, the sages said: \"One who divorces his wife because of a vow may not take her back\" only for \"the general good,\" in that we apprehend subsequent undermining. But this is possible only where she vows. Where he vows, however, the consideration of \"the general good\" does not obtain, and he was permitted to take her back. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi.]",
+ "\tIf one divorced his wife on the grounds of her being an eilonith (incapable of bearing children) — R. Yehudah says: He may not take her back [lest she marry another and have children, and he say: \"Had I known this, even if they had given me a hundred manah, I would not have divorced you.\"] The sages say: He may take her back [for we do not fear (the above) \"undermining.\" The gemara explains: Who are \"the sages\"? R. Meir, who holds that a double-condition (t'nai kaful) is required; and our instance is one in which he did not double the condition, not telling her: \"Be apprised that I am divorcing you on the grounds of your being an eilonith; and, if you are not an eilonith, it is not a get,\" in which instance (not having doubled it thus), it is a get even if she is not an eilonith.] If she married another and had children from him, and she wished to claim her kethubah, [for an eilonith has no kethubah; and now that she was found not to be an eilonith, she wishes to claim her kethubah] — she is told: \"You would do better to remain silent than to speak.\" [For he could tell her: \"Had I known that in the end I would have to pay your kethubah, I would not have divorced you,\" thus voiding the get and rendering her children mamzerim.]",
+ "\tIf one sold himself and his children (in servitude) to a non-Jew, he is not to be redeemed, [if he is wont to do so, as when he has already done so two or three times]; but the children are redeemed after their father's death. If one sold his field to a gentile, he buys and brings bikkurim (first-fruits) from it (see Rashi), for \"the general good.\" [Every year he must buy its first-fruits from the gentile and bring them to Jerusalem. (\"for the general good\":) that he not be wont to sell land in Eretz Yisrael to gentiles, and so that, if he did sell it, he would exert himself to redeem it.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tDamages are assessed relative to the best quality (of grain in the field) [Even though this is Torah-mandated, viz. (Exodus 22:4): \"The best of his field and the best of his vineyard shall he pay,\" this tanna holds that Scripture speaks of the best of the field of the nizzak (the one damaged); and because of \"the general good,\" the sages stated that the mazzik (the causer of the damage) should pay the best of his property, even if it is better than the best of the nizzak, so that men be careful not to cause damage.], and a creditor (claims) from the middle quality [For according to Scripture, he claims only from the lowest quality, viz. (Deuteronomy 24:12): \"And the man who is indebted to you shall bring out to you the pledge outside,\" and a man is likely to bring out only the least valuable of his possessions; but because of \"the general good\" they mandated that a creditor claim from the middle quality, so that the door not be locked to loans.], and the kethubah of a woman (is claimed from) the lowest quality. [For \"the closing of the door\" is not to be feared in this instance. \"For more than a man wants to marry, a woman wants to be married.\"] R. Meir says: The kethubah of a woman, too, (is claimed from) the middle quality. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir].",
+ "\tPayment is not exacted from bound property [nechasim meshubadim] when free property obtains, even if it (the free property) be of the lowest quality. [e.g., If a debtor sold his middle-quality property, which is bound to the creditor, the creditor cannot seize it from the buyer if free property remained with the debtor, even if it were of the lowest quality.] Only the lowest quality is exacted in payment from the property of orphans.",
+ "\tPayment is not exacted for the eating of fruits, for the enrichment of land, and for the food of one's wife and daughters from bound property, for \"the general good.\" [If one stole a field and sold it to another, and he sowed it and it sprouted and produced fruit, and the despoiled one came and claimed it with its fruit from the buyer (reimbursing him only for his expenses), the buyer returns and claims the price of the field from bound property, it having been sold to him with a guarantee by bill of sale, this being \"a loan against a note\" (milveh bishtar), and (he claims) the price of the fruit from free, and not from bound property. The same applies when the buyer enriched the land by planting trees or fertilizing it, and the like. (\"and for the food of one's wife and daughters\":) this being a condition of the kethubah, viz.: \"And you shall dwell in my house and be fed through my property; and the daughters that you have by me will dwell in my house and be fed through my property, etc.\" When they come to claim their food, they do so only from free property, and not from bound property. (\"for 'the general good'\":) For these are indeterminate things and exact allowances cannot be made for them.] And if one found a lost object [and returned it, and the owner claimed that he did not return all of it], he does not take an oath, for \"the general good.\" [For if an oath were imposed upon him, no one would take pains to return a lost object.]",
+ "\tIf orphans relied upon a householder [to conduct their affairs — even though he were not appointed an apotropos, he is deemed one (\"apotropos,\" from the Latin: father-\"pater\"; children-\"potos\" — hence: \"apotropos\"-\"the father of the young\")], or if their father appointed an apotropos for them, he must tithe their fruits. If an apotropos were appointed by the father of the orphans, he must swear (that he did not misappropriate anything of theirs). [For if he derived no benefit, he would not be an apotropos for him, and the oath would not act as a deterrent (to his accepting the appointment)]. If beth-din appointed him, he does not swear. [For he is doing beth-din a \"favor\" by accepting their charge and exerting himself gratis; and if he had to swear, this would act as a deterrent.] Abba Shaul sys: \"Just the opposite.\" [If beth-din appointed him, he must swear. For because he derived the satisfaction of gaining the reputation of an honest man, trusted by beth-din, the oath would not act as a deterrent. But if the father of the orphans appointed him, he does not swear, for he is doing him a favor by exerting himself gratis for his children, and if an oath were imposed upon him, it would act as a deterrent. The halachah is in accordance with Abba Shaul.] If one defiles [the clean produce of his neighbor] or mixes [terumah with his neighbor's chullin (mundane produce), causing him a loss by constraining him to sell it cheap to the Cohanim], or mixes [libational wine with kosher wine, so that benefit may not be derived from it] — (if he does so) unwittingly, he is not liable; if intentionally, he is liable. [By law, he should not be liable, for \"Non-recognizable damage is not called 'damage,.'\"; but because of \"the general good,\" that men not go and defile their neighbor's produce under exemption from liability, (he was rendered liable).] If Cohanim invalidated in the sanctuary [offerings that they slaughtered and whose blood they sprinkled, by the thought of eating them outside of their proper time, disqualifying them (as offerings) for their owners] — (if they did so) intentionally, they are liable. [For they knew that they rendered it unfit thereby. They must reimburse the owners, who must bring other offerings. And even if it were a gift-offering, which must not be replaced, still, the owner is chagrined at his offering's not being sacrificed, for it was his desire to bring it as a gift.]",
+ "\tR. Yochanan b. Gudgeda testified that a deaf-mute whose father married her is given a divorce. [Even though she was a bona fide married woman, her father having accepted her betrothal when she was a minor, still, she is given a get, and she receives her get when she is a deaf-mute, even though her consent is lacking. For a woman can be divorced perforce, so that her consent is not required.]; and that the minor daughter of an Israelite [an orphan, whose marriage is rabbinically (and not Scripturally) sanctioned] eats terumah [rabbinically mandated terumah, this not being decreed against by reason of (the possibility of her coming to eat) Scripturally mandated terumah]; and that if she died, her husband inherits her; and that if one built a beam that he had stolen into a building, monetary reimbursement is sufficient, [for the good of the penitent; for if he were required to raze his building and return the beam itself, he would be deterred from repenting.]; and that a stolen sin-offering, which was not known to many [as being stolen] atones [and another need not be brought], for \"the good of the altar,\" [that the Cohanim not be distressed by (the thought of) having eaten chullin (non-consecrated food) from (an animal) slaughtered in the azarah (the Temple court) and the altar be \"deserted,\" the Cohanim refraining from performing the (sacrificial) service.]",
+ "\tThere was no sikrikon [a gentile murderer] in Judah [That is, they did not adjudicate the law of sikrikon to say that one who bought the land of a Jew from a gentile murderer had to enter into judgment with the owner.] in the (time of) the slain of the war [ i.e., when the decree was sore upon Israel to be slain in the war. If one bought a field from the sikrikon at that time, his purchase stood, and he did not need to enter into judgment with the (former) Israelite owner of the land; for the Israelite, being forced (to sell his land on pain of death), fully commits himself to the sale of the land to the sikrikon. And it is ruled (Bava Kamma 47b): \"If one were suspended (not to be taken down until he sold) and he sold, his sale is a sale.\"] But from those slain in (the time of) war on, [where there was no decree (upon Israel) to be slain, there is sikrikon. [The law of sikrikon is adjudicated, to say that one who bought (the land of an Israelite) from a sikrikon has to enter into judgment with the (former) owner, as explained in the Mishnah.] How so? If he bought (the field) from the sikrikon and then bought it from the owner, the purchase is void, [for we say that he (the former owner) acted out of fear (of the sikrikon)]. (If he bought it) from the owner and then bought it from the sikrikon, the purchase stands. If he bought it [land set aside for his wife's kethubah] from the man, and then bought it from the woman, the purchase is void, [for she can say: \"I was just trying to please my husband\"]. (If he bought it) from the woman and then bought it from the man, the purchase stands. This (what we learned above) is an earlier Mishnah. The beth-din after them said: If one buys from a sikrikon he gives a quarter (of the value of the field) to the owner, [for they estimated that the sikrikon, having gotten the field for nothing, lowered the price by a quarter]. When is this so? When they (the former owners) do not have enough money to buy it back; but if they have enough money to buy it back, they take precedence to all men. Rebbi convened a beth-din, which ruled that if it were in the possession of the sikrikon for twelve months, whoever came first (to purchase it) acquired it; but he had to give a quarter to the (former) owner.",
+ "\tA deaf-mute gestures and is gestured to. [Whatever he gestures or others gesture to him and he acquiesces — all of it stands.] And Ben Betheirah says: kofetz venikfatz [\"remizah\" (gesturing) is with the hand or the head. \"k'fitzah\" is turning up the lips, as in (Job 5:16): \"And iniquity has turned up (kaftzah) her mouth.\" \"K'fitzah is not as distinct as remizah.] with metaltelin (chattel) [i.e., if he sold chattel. The halachah is not in accordance with Ben Betheirah.] Peutoth [young children of seven or eight, if they are bright and conversant with buying and selling; or children of nine or ten, even if they are not that bright] — their buying is buying and their selling is selling with metaltelin [and their gift is a gift, whether they be healthy or shechiv mera (at the point of death); whether it be a large or a small gift.]",
+ "\tThese things were instituted to foster peace: A Cohein reads first (in the Torah); and after him, a Levite; and after him, an Israelite [when they are equal in wisdom; but if the Israelite were greater in wisdom, he takes precedence to the Cohein and the Levite (for \"a mamzer who is a Torah scholar takes precedence to a high-priest who is an ignoramus.\") This is the law of the gemara; but the practice today is that a Cohein, even if he is an ignoramus, takes precedence to the greatest sage in Israel.] to foster peace. [For according to the Torah, the Cohein can allow anyone he wishes to read in the Torah before him; and \"to foster peace\" they instituted that he read first and not allow another to do so, so that quarreling not break out, viz.: \"Why did you let him read and not the other?\" And it makes no difference in this regard whether it be a Sabbath or a festival, when there are many congregants, or a Monday or Thursday — at the present time a Cohein always reads first and may not permit an Israelite to read before him, so as to avoid quarrels. And if there be no Cohein there, \"the bundle is scattered,\" and a Levite reads next only if he is of greater eminence (than the others). Others say that (in such an instance) a Levite does not read at all. And this is the halachah.] An eruv is placed in an old house [ The inhabitants of a courtyard, who are wont to place their Sabbath eruv in the same house every week, should not place it in a different house ], to foster peace. [ For those who were wont to see the eruv in that house, now, not seeing it, might come to say that they carry without an eruv, casting suspicion upon them.] The (water) pit which is closest to the duct [coming from the river] is filled up first [and afterwards, those below it], to foster peace. Theft obtains with (what is taken from) the nets \"of\" (i.e., which are used to trap) animals birds and fish [even though they lack an \"inside\" to (legally) acquire their snare], to foster peace [and is not subject to prosecution in beth-din]. R. Yossi says: It is absolute theft [by rabbinical ordinance, and it is subject to prosecution in beth-din. In any event, R. Yossi concedes that it is not theft by Torah law to make one liable for transgression of a negative commandment. (The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi)]. Theft obtains with what is found by a deaf-mute, a simpleton, or a minor, to foster peace. R. Yossi says: It is absolute theft. If a pauper were menakef olives (of peah or shikchah) [\"menakef\" = cutting, as in (Isaiah 10:34): \"Venikaf (and he will cut down) the thickets of the forest\"], what falls below him is subject to theft, to foster peace. R. Yossi says: It is absolute theft. We do not protest the taking of leket, shikchah, or peah by gentile paupers, to foster peace.",
+ "\tA woman may lend her neighbor who is suspect of shevi'ith [i.e., of keeping the fruits of the sabbatical year and of secreting them from (the time of their required) removal on: a sifter, a sieve, a mill, and an oven. But she may not sieve or grind with her [to assist her, it being forbidden to directly assist transgressors in their act of transgression.] The wife of a chaver (a Torah scholar) may lend a sifter or a sieve to the wife of an ignorant man, and she may sieve and grind and sift with her, [for the majority of the ignorant tithe]; but when she puts water [on the dough], she may not touch it with her, [for when she rolls it, it becomes subject to challah, and it becomes unclean by contact with unclean vessels, the yeast having become susceptible to uncleanliness (by the addition of the water), and she helps her to roll; and it is forbidden to impart uncleanliness to challah.] And all were stated only to foster peace. [They allowed them to lend them vessels and to help them (not at the time of the transgression itself) only to foster peace.] And the hands of gentiles may be strengthened [i.e., it is permitted to wish them success (when they work their fields on the sabbatical year)]; but not the hands of Jews (who perform such labor). And they (the gentiles) are greeted [on all days, even on their festivals, even though they are thereby graced with the name of Heaven, \"Shalom\" (Peace) being one of the names of the Holy One Blessed be He], to foster peace."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one says: \"Receive this get for my wife,\" or: \"Deliver this get to my wife,\" if he wishes to rescind it, he may do so, [for a get is a liability for a woman, and one may not impose a liability upon another without his knowledge.] If a woman said (to a messenger): \"Receive my get for me,\" if he wishes to rescind it, he may not do so, [for since she appointed him a messenger, he is like her \"hand,\" and she is divorced immediately when he receives the get.] Therefore, if the husband said to him: \"I do not want you to receive it for her, but go and give it to her,\" if he wishes to rescind it, he may do so. R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: Also, if she said: \"Tol my get for me,\" if he wishes to rescind it, he may not do so.\" [\"Tol\" denotes \"taking.\" The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\tIf a woman said: \"Receive my get for me,\" she needs [to bring before us] two sets of witnesses: two who say: \"Before us she told\" [him to receive it], and two who say: \"Before us he received it and he tore it.\" [This, in a time of shmad (enforced conversion), when (observance of) mitzvoth was decreed against, and they would tear the get immediately, so that it not be seen.] — even if they [those before whom she told him to receive it] were (both) the first and the last [those who saw him receive it], or one from the first set and one from the second and another joining them [i.e., complementing each one]. A betrothed maiden, she or her father receives her get. [She has a \"hand,\" for she is of age, and her father, too, is authorized to receive it.] R. Yehudah said: Two \"hands\" cannot be invested as one. Rather, her father alone receives her get. And any woman who cannot guard her get cannot be divorced, [even if her father receives it, it being written (Deuteronomy 24:1): \"And he shall send her from his house\" — one who is sent and does not return; to exclude this one, who is sent and does return.]",
+ "\tIf a minor said: \"Receive my get for me,\" it is not a get until it reaches her hand. Therefore, if the husband wishes to rescind it, he may do so; for a minor cannot appoint a messenger. But if her father told him: \"Go and receive my daughter's get,\" if he (the husband) wished to take it back, he may not do so. If one said: \"Give a get to my wife in this and this place,\" and he gave it to her in a different place, it is void, [the husband being particular (about the place), not wishing to be gossiped about (in other places)]. (If he said:) \"She is in this and this place,\" [in which instance, he simply points out where she can be found], and he gave it to her in a different place, it is valid. If a woman said: \"Receive my get in this and this place,\" and he received it in a different place, it is void. R. Eliezer rules it to be valid, [holding that with the husband, who divorces her of his will, there is insistence (upon a particular place); but with the woman, who is divorced perforce, there is (only) the pointing out of a place. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.]",
+ "\t(If she [the wife of a Cohein] says:) \"Bring my get to me,\" she eats terumah until the get reaches her hand. (If she says:) \"Receive my get for me,\" she is forbidden to eat terumah immediately. (If she says:) \"Receive my get for me in that place,\" she eats terumah until the get reaches that place. R. Eliezer forbids it immediately [after he takes leave of her, R. Eliezer being consistent with his ruling that the get is valid when received in a different place, the woman (merely) pointing out (where he can be found), so that she is divorced as soon as he receives it. Therefore, as soon as the messenger takes leave of her, she may not eat terumah, on the possibility that he might have found the husband outside the city and received the get from him. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.]",
+ "\tIf one says: \"Write a get and give it to my wife,\" (or) \"Divorce her,\" (or) \"Write an igereth and give it to her,\" they write it and give it to her, [it being written in a get, \"igereth shevukin\" (\"a writ of divorce\")]. (If he says:) \"Rid her,\" \"Provide for her,\" \"Do with her according to the nimus,\" \"Do with her as is right,\" he has said nothing. [(\"Rid her\":) He may be referring to exemption and liability, the ridding of her debts. (\"Provide for her\":) Do what is required, as in: \"we expend for provisions, etc.\" Therefore, we do not know whether he is referring to the exigencies of the get, that she not be linked to the yavam, or the exigencies of clothing and covering. (\"according to the nimus\":) the ordinance. We do not know whether he is referring to the ordinance of the get or the ordinance of food and clothing. The same applies to \"as is right.\"] In the beginning they (the sages) said: If one were being taken out in chains [to be executed by the authorities], and he said: \"Write a divorce to my wife,\" [even though he did not say \"give,\"] they are to write it and give it\"; but then they added: Also one who goes to sea and one who goes out in a caravan [to the desert]. R. Shimon Shezuri says: Also one who is in danger [i.e., one who is ill. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon Shezuri.]",
+ "\tIf one were cast into a pit, and he cried out that whoever heard his voice should write a get to his wife, [(giving his name and the name of his city)], they are to write it and give it. If a healthy man said: \"Write a get to my wife,\" (we assume that) he is jesting with her [since he did not say: \"Give it to her.\"] Once, a healthy man said: \"Write a get to my wife,\" and he went up to the roof, fell down, and died. R. Shimon b. Gamliel said: The sages said: If he fell of himself, it is a get; if the wind blew him down, it is not a get. [The gemara explains that something is missing and that this is the intent: If his \"ending sheds light on his beginning,\" it is a get, and also, it once happened that a healthy man, etc. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\tIf he said to two men: \"Give a get to my wife,\" or to three: \"Write a get and give it to my wife,\" they write it and give it. [(\"If he said to two men, etc.\":) even though he did not say: \"Write it and give it.\" They write it by themselves, and they may not tell another scribe to write it, or to witnesses to sign it; for he did not make them a beth-din to bid others to do so, but he made them witnesses. And they are both his messengers and his witnesses. And if he said to three: \"Write and give a get to my wife,\" even though they are fit to constitute a beth-din, since he told them explicitly: \"Write,\" he did not make them a beth-din, but witnesses.] If he said to three: \"Give a get to my wife,\" [but he did not tell them: \"Write,\"], they may tell others to write it [to sign it, and to give it] because he made them a beth-din. These are the words of R. Meir. And this halachah was brought up from the prison house by R. Chanina of Ono [in the name of R. Akiva, who was incarcerated in the prison house]: I have it by tradition that if one says to three: \"Give a get to my wife,\" they may tell others to write it, because he makes them a beth-din. R. Yossi said: We said to the messenger [i.e., to R. Yossi, the \"messenger\" of this halachah, to repeat it in the house of study] that we, too, had it by tradition that even if one said to the great beth-din in Jerusalem: \"Give a get to my wife,\" they must learn to write it, [If they do not know how to write it, they must learn how to do so and write it themselves] and give it. If one said to ten: \"Write a get to my wife,\" one writes it and two sign. (If he said:) \"All of you write it,\" one writes and all sign. Therefore, if one of them died, the get is void."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one were seized by kordyakos [If his mind were unhinged by a demon potent against one who drinks new wine], and he said: \"Write a get to my wife,\" he has said nothing. If he said: \"Write a get to my wife,\" and then he were seized by kordyakos, and then he said: \"Do not write it,\" there is nothing in his last words. [And it is not necessary to ask him again (if he wishes to divorce her) after he came to his senses, but we rely on his first words. In any event, so long as his mind is unhinged, the get is not written.] If he became mute, and they said to him: \"We shall write a get to your wife,\" and he nodded his head, he is \"examined\" [by other questions] three times. If he responds (rationally) to no (i.e., something calling for a negative response), no; and to yes, yes, the get is written and given to her, [if he nodded \"yes\" to the get.]",
+ "\tIf they said to him [a healthy person (embarking on a journey) or a sage at the point of death: \"Let us write a get to your wife [so that she not require yibum] and he said: \"Write\" — if they spoke to the scribe and he wrote it, and to the witnesses, and they signed it, even if they wrote it and signed it and gave it to him, and he then gave it to her, the get is void, until he tells the scribe to write and the witnesses to sign.",
+ "\t(If one said to his wife:) \"This is your get if I die,\" \"This is your get if I die from this illness,\" \"This is your get after death,\" he has said nothing, [for the implication is: (\"This is your get) after I die,\" and there is no get after death.] (If he said: \"This is your get) from today if I die,\" \"from now if I die,\" it is a get. (If he said:) \"from today and after death,\" it is a get and not a get. [We do not know whether it was a condition, viz.: \"from today if I die,\" in which instance, when he dies the condition is fulfilled and the get takes effect from the time it was given — or whether it was retraction, his \"taking back\" \"from today,\" and saying: \"After death, let if be a get,\" in which instance it is nothing, in that he did not say: \"from today if I die.\"] If he died, she receives chalitzah, [for it might not be a get], and she is not taken in yibum, [for it might be a get, in which instance she is his (the yavam's) brother's divorcée, and kareth-interdicted to him.] (If he said:) \"This is your get from today if I die from this illness,\" and he arose and walked in the market, and then took ill and died — we \"evaluate\" him. If (we see him) as having died from the first illness, it is a get; if not, it is not a get.",
+ "\tShe may not be alone with him [She may not be alone with the one who gave her a get and said to her: \"from today if I die,\" lest he cohabit with her and she require a second get, for we suspect that he might have cohabited with her for the sake of betrothal.] (She may not be alone with him) except with witnesses — even a bondsman, even a bondswoman, except her own maidservant, for she is indifferent to her presence. What is she in those days? [This does not refer to the beginning, viz.: \"from today if I die,\" for in that instance it is certain that when he dies, she is regarded retroactively as divorced from the time the get was given, and one who lived with her (from the giving until his death) is not liable, but (it refers to) an instance in which he says to her when he gives her the get: \"This is your get, and be divorced by it from the time I am in the world if I die.\"] R. Yehudah says: She is like a married woman in every respect, [R. Yehudah holding that the get takes effect immediately before he dies, before which time she is a married woman.] R. Yossi says: She is divorced and not divorced, [R. Yossi holding that from the time he gives her the get, every moment we entertain the possibility that it might be the moment before death, so that it is \"a get in doubt.\" And even though he lives longer, there is no retroactive determination (breirah). Therefore, her status is a doubtful one, and one who lives with her (from the time he gives her the get) requires a suspended guilt-offering (asham talui)].",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"This is your get on condition that you give me two hundred zuz,\" she is divorced, and she must give it. [She is divorced from now, from the time she receives the get, and she must give him what was stipulated. And if the get were lost or torn before she gave him the money, she does not require another get. For \"saying: 'on condition' is equivalent to saying 'from right now.'\"] (If he said:) \"on condition that you give it to me from now within thirty days,\" if she gave it to him within thirty days, she is divorced; if not, she is not divorced. R. Shimon b. Gamliel said: Once, in Tziddon, a man said to his wife: \"This is your get on condition that you give me my mantle,\" and his mantle was lost, and the sages said: \"Give him its value.\" [The gemara explains that something is missing and that this is the intent: If he said to her: \"on condition that you give me my mantle,\" and his mantle were lost, (we understand that) he meant this specific mantle (and she is not divorced.) R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: She gives him its value, that being all that the husband intended. And it also once happened in Tziddon that a man said to his wife … and the sages said: \"Give him its value.\" The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"This is your get on condition that you serve my father,\" \"on condition that you nurse my son,\" [The gemara explains that where he did not qualify his words, not stating specifically how much time she should serve his father, he is to be understood as having stated \"for one day,\" and the condition is fulfilled if she serves his father or nurses his son one day alone.] …How long does she nurse him? [That is, how long is the time of nursing, within which, if she nurses him for one day, the condition is fulfilled?] Two years. R. Yehudah says: Eighteen months. [But if she nursed him after two years, according to the rabbis, or after eighteen months, according to R. Yehudah, this is not nursing, and the condition has not been fulfilled. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.] — if the son died, [and she did not nurse him at all]; or if the father died, [and she did not serve him], it is a get. [For he (the husband) did not wish to taunt her, but only to gain some benefit, and it was not required. Had he known that his father or his son would die, he would not have made the condition in the first place.] (If he said:) \"This is your get on condition that you serve my father for two years,\" \"on condition that you nurse my son for two years\" — if the son died, or if the father died, or if the father said: \"I do not want you to serve me,\" without offense [i.e., even though she did not anger him, so that the forestalling (of the fulfillment of the condition) is not due to her], it is not a get [and, it goes without saying, if it were with offense.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel said: In such an instance, it is a get, [since she did not offend and was not the cause of the forestalling.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel stated a general rule: (In the instance of) any forestalling which is not due to her, it is a get. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"This is your get if I do not come from now until thirty days,\" and he went from Yehudah to the Galil — if he reached Antipatras and he returned, his condition is voided. [The gemara explains this Mishnah as relating to an instance where he makes two conditions: 1) If I come to the Galil, it is to be a get immediately; 2) if I do not come to the Galil — if I do not return before thirty days, it is to be a get; if not, it is not to be a get. If he went and reached Antipatras, the end of the land of Judah and returned within thirty days, the get is void. For he did not reach the Galil, and he did not tarry thirty days.] (If he said:) \"This is your get if I do not come from now until thirty days,\" and he went from the Galil to Yehudah — if he reached Kfar Otnai [which is at the end of the border of the Galil], and he returned, his condition is voided. (If he said:) \"This is your get if I do not come from now until thirty days,\" and he went abroad — if he reached Acco [which is at the end of the border of Eretz Israel] and returned [within thirty days], his condition is voided, [for he did not go abroad and he did not tarry thirty days.] (If he said:) \"This is your get if I go thirty days without seeing your face\" — if he went and came, went and came [afterwards — if thirty days passed without his seeing her face, it is a get. And we do not say that since in the beginning he came and went there is reason to suspect that he might have effected a reconciliation and voided the get, for] since he was not together with her [in the time he came and went, we do not suspect that he might have effected a reconciliation, and when the condition is fulfilled and he goes thirty days without seeing her face,] it is a get. [The gemara explains that he says at the time of the condition: \"It is with this understanding that I give her the get — that she be believed by me as a hundred witnesses if she says that I did not come and stay together with her and effect a reconciliation.\" And this is the halachah. For if he did not say this at the time of the condition, we fear that he might come and protest and say that he had effected a reconciliation.]",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"This is your get if I do not come from now until twelve months,\" and he died within twelve months, it is not a get. [For since he did not say: \"From now after twelve months it shall be a get,\" and he died within that time, she requires yibum.] (If he said:) \"This is your get from now if I do not come from now until twelve months,\" and he died within twelve months, it is a get.",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"If I do not come from now until twelve months, write and give a get to my wife\" — if they wrote it within twelve months and gave it after twelve months, it is not a get. (If he said:) \"Write and give a get to my wife if I do not come from now until twelve months\" — if they wrote it within twelve months and gave it after twelve months, it is not a get. R. Yossi says: In this instance, it is a get. (If he said:) \"Write it after twelve months and give it after twelve months,\" and he died — if the (writing of the) get preceded his death, it is a get; and if his death preceded the (writing of the) get, it is not a get. And if it is not known (which preceded which), of such an instance they said: \"She is divorced and not divorced.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one throws a get to his wife, and she is in her house or in her courtyard, she is divorced, [it being written (Deuteronomy 24:1): \"And he shall place it (the get) in her hand.\" Since it is not written: \"And in her hand shall he place it,\" the implication is: \"And he shall place\" — anywhere, whether in her courtyard, in her garden, or in her enclosure. This, on condition that she be standing by her house or by her courtyard.] If he threw it to her in his house or in his courtyard — even if it (the get) were with her in the bed, she is not divorced. (If he threw it) into her lap or into her sewing box, she is divorced, [even if she were in his house. For the space of her lap and of her sewing box acquires (objects) for her. For a man (her husband) begrudges her (for purposes of acquisition) neither the space of her lap nor of her sewing box.]",
+ "\tIf he said to her: \"Gather in this bill of debt,\" or if she found it behind him, [If the get were on his back, and he arched his back to her so that she should take it] — if she read it and it were her get, it is not a get until he says to her: \"This is your get.\" [If he tells her \"Take your get,\" however, it is a get. But if the get were on the ground, or on his back, or on his body, and he did not arch his back or project his body towards her so that she should take it, even if he said to her: \"Take your get,\" it is not a get.] If he placed it in her hand while she were sleeping, and when she awoke, she read it and found it to be her get, it is not a get, until he says to her: \"This is your get.\" If she were standing in the public domain and he threw it to her — if it were near her, she is divorced; if it were near him, she is not divorced; if it were \"half and half,\" she is divorced and not divorced. [Whatever she can guard and he cannot guard is called \"near her.\" Whatever she cannot guard and he can guard is called \"near him.\" If both can guard it, or if both cannot guard it, this is called \"half and half.\" As for the halachah, she is not divorced until the get enters her hand or her domain.]",
+ "\tThe same applies to betrothal, and the same applies to a debt. If one's creditor said to him: \"Throw me my debt (i.e., what you owe me), and he threw it to him — (if it landed) near the creditor, the debtor is acquitted (of his debt); near the debtor, the debtor is (i.e., remains) liable; \"half and half,\" they divide. [The gemara explains the instance to be one where he says: \"Throw me my debt within (the framework of) the law of gittin\" so that the debt has the status of a get. If the debtor threw it near the creditor, and it were lost, the debtor is acquitted and he need not pay; if near the debtor, the debtor is liable, etc. But if he said to him: \"Throw my debt to me and be acquitted of it,\" once he throws it to him, in any circumstance, he is exempt. If she were standing on top of a roof and he threw it to her, once it reaches the \"atmosphere\" of the roof [less than three tefachim (handbreadths) from its surface, that space being regarded as part of the roof], she is divorced. If he were above, and she below, once it left the domain of the roof [i.e., once it left the domain of the roof (on which he were standing) and entered the domain in which she were standing], (even) if it were erased or burned, she is divorced. [This, where the throwing of the get into the courtyard preceded the outbreak of the fire in the courtyard. For if the latter preceded, then ab initio the get is \"going to the fire,\" and she is not divorced.]",
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: A man may divorce his wife with an old get [which he wrote to divorce his wife, continuing to live with her after he wrote the get. Beth Shammai hold that we do not decree against it lest people say: \"Her get preceded her son,\" i.e., lest a year or two pass between the writing and the giving and she have children from him in the interim and then be divorced with that get — so that people, seeing the get as antedating the birth of her son, might come to think that the get were given her at the time of writing and come to cast a blemish upon the child, saying that it was born of an unmarried woman.] Beth Hillel forbid it. Which is \"an old get\"? A get, after the writing of which he continued living with her. [The halachah: One may not divorce his wife with an old get. And if he divorced her and went to a different country, she may remarry by it ab initio.]",
+ "\tIf he wrote it in the name of \"a kingdom lacking worth\" [If he were in Bavel and he wrote it according to the reckoning of the years of the kingdom of Edom (Rome), which exercised no reign in the place of the writing of the get, she leaves both (husbands). Edom is called \"a kingdom lacking worth,\" for it is without a (distinctive) script or tongue.], in the name of Madai, or in the name of Yavan (she leaves both) [for he must write it in the name of the kingdom of the land where the get is written, for the sake of shalom malchuth (\"peace with the kingdom\"), so that they say: \"They must hold us in high regard, for they write their documents in our name.\"], the building of the Temple or the destruction of the Temple; if he were in the east and wrote it in the west; in the west and wrote it in the east — she leaves both [If she married by this get, she leaves both the first and the second], and she requires a get from both, and she receives neither kethubah, nor fruit, nor belaoth from either. If she took from either one of them, she returns it [The entire Mishnah is explained in Yevamoth (91b)]; and the child of either is a mamzer [The Mishnah is in accordance with R. Meir, who says: \"If one alters the 'currency coined by the sages,' the child is a mamzer.\" This is not the halachah.]; and neither (if he is a Cohein) may make himself unclean for her; and neither has rights in the lost objects which she finds, in her handiwork, or in the annulment of her vows. If she were the daughter of an Israelite, she is disqualified from (marriage to) Cohanim (if her husbands died before she were divorced); if she were the daughter of a Levite, from ma'aser; if the daughter of a Cohein, from terumah. And the heirs of neither inherit her kethubah; and if they died, the brothers of each give chalitzah but do not perform yibum. If he (the scribe) changed his name or her name, the name of his city or the name of her city, she leaves each, and all of the above applies.",
+ "\tAll the arayoth (illicit relations) about whom they said that their tzaroth (co-wives) are permitted, [the fifteen arayoth about whom the sages said that their tzaroth are permitted to marry without chalitzah (from the yavam)] — if these tzaroth went and married, and these [the arayoth] were found to be eiloniyoth (unable to bear children) [making it manifest, retroactively, that the dead man's (original) betrothal of them was mistaken, so that these were not (halachically) their tzaroth and were not exempt from yibum by the arayoth], she (the tzarah) leaves this one [the husband that she married] and (she leaves) this one [the yavam (i.e., he must give her chalitzah)], and all of the above applies. [In Yevamoth, this is stated to be in accordance with R. Akiva, who says that the child of a union interdicted by a negative commandment is a mamzer. This is not the halachah.]",
+ "\tIf one wed his yevamah and her tzarah went and remarried, [the ruling being that cohabitation with the one (the yevamah) exempts the tzarah (from chalitzah)], and she [the yevamah] were found to be an eilonith, [so that her yibum is not yibum, and the tzarah should not have been exempt], she leaves this one [her husband] and this one [her original yavam], and all of the above applies.",
+ "\tIf the scribe wrote a get for the man [to divorce his wife with], and a receipt for the woman [to give to her husband upon payment of her kethubah], and he [the scribe] erred [when he gave them the writs] and gave the get to the woman and the receipt to the man, and they gave it, one to the other, [and she went and married, thinking that what her husband gave her was the get, and he thinking that what his wife gave him was the receipt (Rambam reads it: \"And he gave the get to the man and the receipt to the woman,\" and interprets it as: \"And he thought he gave the get to the man and the receipt to the woman,\" not having done this, but the very opposite. The interpretation is forced.] — and, subsequently, the get was found to issue from the hand of the man, and the receipt from the hand of the woman, she leaves this one and this one, and all of the above applies. R. Eliezer says: If it issued forth at once [from her husband's hand before she remarried], it is not a get, [and she requires a different get], and if it issued forth after some time, [i.e., after she remarried], it is a get. It is not entirely up to him [i.e., It is not all according to the words of the first (husband), that he be believed] to void the rights of the second, [who married her, and we posit a \"conspiracy\" between the two, an exchange of the writs after she remarried. The halachah is in accordance with R. Eliezer.] If one wrote (a get) to divorce his wife, and changed his mind — Beth Shammai say: He disqualifies her from (marriage to) the priesthood. Beth Hillel say: Even if he gave it to her on condition, and the condition was not satisfied, he does not disqualify her from the priesthood.",
+ "\tIf one divorced his wife, and she spent the night with him at an inn, [there being witnesses to their having been alone together, but not to their having cohabited], Beth Shammai say: She does not require a second get from him. Beth Hillel say: She requires a second get from him. [Beth Hillel hold that witnesses to their being alone together are (considered) witnesses to cohabitation. And since a man does not cohabit promiscuously, (we assume that) he betrothed her with this cohabitation. And Beth Shammai hold that we do not consider witnesses to their being alone witnesses to cohabitation until they actually observe her in the act.] When is this so? If she were divorced from marriage. They agree that if she were divorced from betrothal, she does not require a second get from him, for he is not that familiar with her (and is assumed not to have cohabited with her.) If one wed her with a \"bald get,\" she leaves this one and this one, and all of the above applies. [A \"bald get\" is one whose folds are more numerous than its witnesses. The rabbis instituted a folded get (get mekushar) for Cohanim, who are quick to anger and who, in the heat of their anger, might write a get to their wives, and later regret it and not be able to take them back. They, therefore, instituted a get mekushar, which is difficult to write quickly, so that in the interim, their anger might cool. One or two lines are written and folded over on the smooth (unwritten) part and sewn, and one witness signs the fold on the outside. The process is repeated a second and third time. And if there is a fold without a witness signed on the outside, this is a \"bald get,\" and it is not valid. For we assume that in the beginning there were as many witnesses as there are folds, and we suspect that the husband told all of them to sign and that one did not. If she weds with such a get, she leaves both, and all of the above applies. This Mishnah is in accordance with R. Meir, who says: \"If one alters 'the currency minted by the sages' for gittin, the child is a mamzer.\" This is not the halachah.]",
+ "\tAll may complete (the signing of) a \"bald get\" [even a bondsman; even one who is unfit to be a witness by reason of transgression]. These are the words of Ben Naness. R. Akiva says: Only kin who are acceptable as witnesses in other instances [i.e., who are not unfit as witnesses per se, but only by reason of being kin] (only those) may complete it, [but not a bondsman or a robber. A bondsman, because he might thereby come to be regarded as \"pedigreed\" (i.e., not a bondsman); a robber, because he might thereby be assumed to have repented (and to be acceptable as a witness in all instances.) But all recognize kin as such. The halachah is in accordance with Ben Naness, that all may complete it. In any event, only one unfit witness may sign thereon; the others must all be fit.] What is a \"bald get\" One whose folds are more numerous than its witnesses."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one divorced his wife, saying to her: \"You are permitted to all men except this one\" — R. Eliezer permits it, and the sages forbid it. [The rationale of R. Eliezer (Leviticus 21:7): \"And a woman divorced from her husband they (Cohanim) shall not take\" — Even if she were divorced only from her husband, as when he told her: \"You are divorced from me, but not permitted to other men,\" she is forbidden to (marry into) the priesthood. We see, then, that it is a get; so that here, where he permits her to all men except this one, she is permitted to others. The rationale of the sages: They say that what is forbidden to the priesthood is different, Scripture having prescribed additional mitzvoth for Cohanim. So that even though it is a get to forbid her to the priesthood, it is not a get to permit her to others. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] What does he do? He takes it from her and gives it to her again, telling her: \"You are permitted to all men.\" But if he had written it (\"…except this one\") in the get, even though he later erased it, it is void. [And the sages forbid it only when he tells her: \"You are permitted to all men except this one,\" but if he says to her: \"This is your get on condition that you not wed that man,\" the rabbis concede that it is a get. For he permitted her to all men in giving her the get. It is just that he stipulated that she not wed a particular man, which is like any other condition. And the rabbis forbade him to say: \"This is your get on condition that you marry that man,\" so that their wives not be regarded as gifts to be given to one another. And any condition that one attaches to the get before he writes it, though it not be written in the get, invalidates it. But after he places the get in her hand, he may make any condition he desires.]",
+ "\t(If he said:) You are permitted to all men except my father and your father, my brother and your brother, a bondsman and a gentile, and to all others with whom marriage does not obtain, the get is valid. (If he said:) You are permitted to all men, except a widow to a high-priest, a divorcée and a chalutzah to a regular priest, a mamzereth and a Nethinah to an Israelite, the daughter of an Israelite to a mamzer and a Nathin, and to all others with whom marriage does obtain, even (marriage) in transgression, the get is void. [Since marriage obtains with those interdicted by negative commandment, but not with this one because of the stipulated interdict, it emerges that the get is not all-inclusive.]",
+ "\tThe basic text of the get: \"You are permitted to all men.\" R. Yehudah says: \"And this shall be to you from me a writ of divorce, a letter of leaving, a get of dismissal (wherewith) to go and marry any man you desire.\" [For it must be manifest that he divorces her with this writ; and if he does not write it thus, they might come to say that he divorced her by speech alone, of which the writ is only confirmation. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.] The basic text of a writ of manumission: \"You are free.\" \"You belong to yourself.\"",
+ "\tThree gittin are invalid, but if she married (through one of them) the child is kasher: a get written in his hand, but without witnesses [According to R. Meir, who says that the witnesses of the signing effect the divorce, his handwriting is equivalent to a hundred witnesses. According to R. Elazar, who says that the witnesses to the delivery effect the divorce, since it is in his handwriting, it satisfies (Deuteronomy 24:3): \"And he shall write … and he shall give.\" And even though there are no witnesses to the delivery, it is valid according to Scripture. And the sages ruled it invalid lest a get come to be validated with the writing of the scribe alone.]; a get with witnesses but without a date [the date being a rabbinic ordinance, either because of fruits or because of the possibility of his shielding his sister's daughter (See 2:2)]; a get with a date but with only one witness. [According to one view, this refers to (a get) written in his hand, the first instance (of the Mishnah) apprising us that even without a witness the child is kasher, and this instance, that even if there were one witness, it should not be done ab initio. And according to another view, this refers to (a get) written in the scribe's hand, notwithstanding which the child is kasher, the scribe standing in place of a second witness.] These are the three gittin which, (though) invalid, if she marries (thereby) the child is kasher. R. Eliezer says: Even if there are no witnesses (signed) on it, but he gives it to her in the presence of witnesses, the get is valid and she collects (her kethubah) from bound property, for witnesses sign on a get only for \"the general good\" [lest the witnesses to the delivery die and the husband come and protest, saying: \"I did not divorce her.\" The halachah is in accordance with R. Elazar.]",
+ "\tIf two men sent two gittin that were identical [in their names] and they got mixed up, both are given to each woman. Therefore, if one of them were lost, the second is void, [for we do not know whose it is.] If five men wrote a common [time] in one get, viz.: [\"On this day of the week] this man divorces this woman; this man, this woman, etc.\" and the witnesses (signed) below, they are all valid, and the get is to be given to each woman. If a separate text were written for each one, [i.e., a separate time for each one, viz.: \"On this day of the week this man divorces this woman,\" followed by the text of the get; then: \"On this day of the week this man divorces this woman,\" followed by the text of the get; and so with all], and the witnesses below, the get that the witnesses are read together with (i.e., the last one) is valid.",
+ "\tTwo gittin written [on two pages], one beside the other, and two Hebrew witnesses, extending from under one (get) to under the other, [i.e., two Hebrews signed under one get, (their signatures extending) under the second; the name of the witness under the first get, and the name of his father under the second. Likewise, a second (Hebrew) witness under him] and two Greek witnesses [two Israelites, natives of Greece, who then signed in Greek script, which goes from left to right, so that the name of the witness is under the second get, and the name of his father under the first], the get that the witnesses are read together with is valid. [If the Hebrews are signed above, so that, Hebrew script going from right to left, the name of the witness is under the right hand get, and the name of his father under the left, the right hand get is valid. And if the Greeks are signed above, the left is valid; for the names of the witnesses are under the left. The rationale: We suspect that the latter witnesses might have adapted their script to the order employed by the first witnesses. So that if the Hebrews were signed above, from right to left, on the right hand get, when the two Greeks came to sign under them (on the left hand get), they might also have followed the order of the Hebrews, so that all four would have signed on the right hand get. Similarly, if the Greeks were signed above (on the left hand get), the Hebrews who came after them might have reversed the order of the Hebrew script and gone from left to right, so that all four would have signed on the left hand get.] One witness a Hebrew, one witness a Greek; one witness a Hebrew, one witness a Greek, extending from under one (get) to under the other — both are void. [The rationale: We suspect that the first Hebrew witness might have signed on the right hand get, from right to left, in the order of Hebrew script, and the second, Greek witness, on the left hand get, in the order of Greek script, from left to right; and that the third witness, a Hebrew, reversed the Hebrew order and also began from the left, like the Greek before him, so that he, too, is signed on the left hand get; and that the last, Greek witness, signed in his customary way, from left to right, so that he, too, is signed on the left hand get — so that there are three witnesses signed on the left hand get, and only one on the right hand get. Or, the opposite: that the second, Greek witness, reversed his script to conform to the order of the Hebrew script and began from right to left, in the manner of the first, Hebrew witness; that the third Hebrew witness, signed in his customary manner, from the right — so that all three are signed on the right hand get; and that the second Greek witness alone signed in his customary way, on the left hand get. And since we do not know on which get three were signed, and on which, only one, both are void.]",
+ "\tIf he left over part of the get and wrote it on the second page [opposite it on the breadth of the scroll], and the witnesses (signed) beneath it, it is valid. If the witnesses signed on the top of the page, on the side [of the page, to the right of the get or to the left], or on the back in a plain get, [whose witnesses are signed in it (as opposed to a get mekishar - See 8:9)], it is void. If he aligned the top of one (get) with the top of another, with the witnesses in the middle, both are void, [for the signatures are read with neither get.] (If he aligned) the bottom of one with the bottom of the other, with the witnesses in the middle, the get that the witnesses are read together with [i.e., the get whose end is followed by the beginning of the signatures (and not that whose beginning is preceded by the end of the signatures)] is valid.",
+ "\tIf the get were written in Hebrew, and the witnesses (signed) in Greek; (if the get were written) in Greek, and the witnesses (signed) in Hebrew; if one witness (signed) in Hebrew, and the other in Greek; if the scribe and a witness signed — it is valid. [For there are two witnesses. The Mishnah apprises us that we do not suspect that the husband did not instruct the scribe to sign, but that he charged two men to tell the scribe to write the get and two witnesses to sign, and that these, feeling that the scribe might be offended (viz.: \"I am not fit to be a witness in his eyes\") instructed the scribe to sign without the husband's permission. We do not entertain this suspicion.] (If he signed:) \"so and so, witness,\" it is valid; \"the son of so and so, witness,\" it is valid; \"so and so, the son of so and so,\" without \"witness,\" it is valid. And this (the last) is what the \"clean-minded men of Jerusalem\" did. If he wrote his family epithet and her family epithet (instead of their actual names), it is valid. A get given under coercion — (If the coercion were) by Israelites [i.e., if they coerced him by law, as in all of those instances where one is coerced to divorce his wife, or if she were forbidden to him], it is valid. [And if they coerced him unlawfully, the get is void, but it forbids her to the priesthood because of \"the odor of a get.\"] And (if the coercion were) by gentiles, it is void. [If lawfully, it is void, but forbids her to the priesthood. If unlawfully, there is not even \"the odor of a get.\"] And by gentiles, if he is beaten and told: \"Do what the Israelites tell you,\" it is valid. [If one is required to give a get by law and the Israelite judges lack the power to force him to do so, he may be beaten by gentiles, who say: \"Do what the Israelites tell you,\" and he gives the get at the behest of the Israelite judges.]",
+ "\tIf her name went out in the city as betrothed, [If a report were circulated about a single girl: \"This girl was betrothed to this man today\" (not where there was a mere rumor, but where lamps were lit and beds were spread, and people went in and out saying: \"She was betrothed today\"], she is [assumed to be] betrothed. (If a report went out that) she were divorced, she is (assumed to be) divorced. [This refers to the beginning, viz.: This woman about whom a report went out that she was betrothed, which report we entertain, forbidding her to marry any man but that one — if there then went out about her a report that she were divorced, that the man who had married her had divorced her], she is (assumed to be) divorced [and is permitted to all men; for the report that we entertained in the beginning — \"its receipt has come with it\"]. This, so long as there be no attenuation (amathla) to it [i.e., that there not be with the report of betrothal or of divorce an amathla, a consideration which breaks the power of the report]. What is (an instance of) an amathla? \"That man divorced his wife on condition\"; \"He threw her her (instrument of) betrothal, possibly near her (in which instance she is betrothed); possibly near him\" (in which instance she is not betrothed). This is an amathla.",
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: A man should not divorce his wife unless he find her to be unchaste, viz. (Deuteronomy 24:1): \"…for he has found in her a thing of nakedness.\" And Beth Hillel say: Even if she spoiled his meal, [\"burning it\" by fire or by salt, Beth Hillel expounding \"a thing of nakedness,\" as either \"nakedness\" or \"a thing\"; that is, any foul thing, aside from nakedness.] R. Akiva says: Even if he find one more beautiful than she, viz. (Ibid.): \"And it shall be, if she does not find favor in his eyes.\" [He expounds the verse thus: If she does not find favor (of beauty) in his eyes, or if he find nakedness in her, or a foul thing — for any one of these three, he may divorce her. The halachah is in accordance with Beth Hillel.]"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
+ "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY-NC",
+ "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "An agent who brings a bill of divorce [get] from a husband to his wife from a country overseas, i.e., from outside of Eretz Yisrael to Eretz Yisrael, is required to state the following formula when he hands over the bill of divorce: This bill of divorce was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rabban Gamliel says: Even one who brings a bill of divorce from Rekem or from Ḥeger, which are on the periphery of Eretz Yisrael, must make this declaration. Rabbi Eliezer says: Even one who brings a bill of divorce from the village of Ludim to Lod must also make this declaration, despite the fact that these places are only a short distance apart. The reason is that the village of Ludim was not part of the main area settled by Jews in Eretz Yisrael. And the Rabbis say that one is required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, only if he brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas to Eretz Yisrael, and the same applies to one who delivers a bill of divorce from Eretz Yisrael to a country overseas. And likewise an agent who brings a bill of divorce from one region to another region within the overseas countries is also required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: This halakha applies not only to an agent who brings a bill of divorce from one country to another, but even to one who takes it from one district [hegmonya] to another district in the same country.",
+ "Rabbi Yehuda says: With regard to the borders of Eretz Yisrael, from Rekem eastward is considered to be part of the overseas country, and Rekem itself is like east of Eretz Yisrael, i.e., it is outside of Eretz Yisrael. From Ashkelon southward is outside of Eretz Yisrael, and Ashkelon itself is like south of Eretz Yisrael. Likewise, from Akko northward is outside of Eretz Yisrael, and Akko itself is like north of Eretz Yisrael. Rabbi Meir says: Akko is like Eretz Yisrael with regard to the halakhot of bills of divorce.",
+ "One who brings a bill of divorce from one place to another within Eretz Yisrael is not required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. And if there are those who contest it, i.e., if the husband objects by saying that the bill of divorce is a forgery, it should be ratified through its signatories. The court must authenticate the signatures of the witnesses in order to ratify the document. With regard to one who brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas and is unable to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, if the bill of divorce has witnesses signed on it, it should be ratified through its signatories. The witnesses themselves or someone who recognizes their signatures should ratify it, in the manner of typical documents.",
+ "Both bills of divorce and bills of manumission are the same with regard to the halakhot of delivering the document from Eretz Yisrael to a country overseas and with regard to bringing it from a country overseas to Eretz Yisrael, i.e., the agents for both types of documents must declare that it was written and signed in their presence, and their statement is accepted. And this is one of the ways in which the halakhot of bills of divorce are equal to the halakhot of bills of manumission.",
+ "Any document that has a Samaritan witness signed on it is invalid, except for bills of divorce and bills of manumission. An incident occurred in which they brought a bill of divorce before Rabban Gamliel in the village of Otnai, and its witnesses were Samaritan witnesses, and he deemed it valid. With regard to all documents produced in gentile courts, even though their signatures are those of gentiles they are all valid, except for bills of divorce and bills of manumission. Rabbi Shimon says: Even these are valid, as these two types of documents are mentioned only when they are prepared by a common person, not in court.",
+ "With regard to one who says to another: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, or: Give this bill of manumission to my slave, if before the document reaches the woman or the slave the giver wishes to retract his decision, then with regard to both of them, he can retract. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: One can retract his decision in the case of bills of divorce but not in the case of bills of manumission. The Rabbis explain the reason for their ruling: This is because one can act in a person’s interest in his absence, and therefore the agent acquires the document on behalf of the slave from the moment the owner hands the bill of manumission to the agent. But one can act to a person’s detriment only in his presence. The receipt of a bill of divorce is considered to be to a woman’s detriment, and therefore an agent cannot receive it for her without her consent. They explain further: The emancipation of a slave is in his interests, despite the fact that he receives sustenance from his master while a slave, as, if the master wishes not to sustain his slave he is allowed not to provide him with sustenance. This demonstrates that slavery is not in the interest of the slave, as he does not receive any guaranteed benefit. But if a husband wishes not to sustain his wife, he is not allowed to proceed in this manner. Consequently, marriage is in the interests of the woman. Rabbi Meir said to the Rabbis: But even so, it is not in the interest of a slave to be emancipated, as, if his master is a priest, he disqualifies his slave from partaking of teruma by emancipating him, just as a husband who is a priest disqualifies his Israelite wife from partaking of teruma by divorcing her. The Rabbis said to him: It is permitted for a priest’s slave to partake of teruma not because he has a right to sustenance, but rather because he is his master’s acquisition. In the case of one who says: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, or: Give this bill of manumission to my slave, and then he dies, one does not give it after his death. The reason for this is that bills of divorce and manumission must be transferred by the husband or the master. Once he has died the document can no longer be given, and the agency he appointed for this purpose is likewise canceled. However, if he said: Give one hundred dinars to so-and-so, and then he died, one does give the recipient the money after his death."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas and says: The bill of divorce was written in my presence but it was not signed in my presence; or if he said: It was signed in my presence but it was not written in my presence; or: All of it was written in my presence and half of it was signed in my presence, i.e., he observed the signing of only one witness; or: Half of it was written in my presence and all of it was signed in my presence, in all these cases the document is invalid. If one agent bringing a bill of divorce says: It was written in my presence, and one other agent says: It was signed in my presence, it is invalid. If two agents say: It was written in our presence, and one says: It was signed in my presence, it is invalid. And Rabbi Yehuda deems the document valid. If one agent says: It was written in my presence, and two agents say: It was signed in our presence, it is valid.",
+ "If a bill of divorce was written during the day and signed on the same day; or if it was written at night and signed on that same night; or if it was written at night and signed on the following day, then it is valid. The new calendar day begins at night, so that in all of these cases the writing and the signing were performed on the same date. However, if it was written during the day and signed on that same night, it is invalid, as the writing and the signing were not on the same calendar day. Rabbi Shimon deems the bill of divorce valid. The mishna explains the ruling of Rabbi Shimon: As Rabbi Shimon would say: All documents that were written during the day and signed at night are invalid because the date recorded in the document is a day prior to the day the document takes effect, except for women’s bills of divorce. Since a bill of divorce is not used to collect money, it is of no concern if the date that appears on it is before the time when it was signed.",
+ "One may write a bill of divorce with any material that can be used for writing: With deyo, with paint [sam], with sikra, with komos, with kankantom or with anything that produces permanent writing. However, one may not write with other liquids, nor with fruit juice, nor with anything that does not produce permanent writing. Similarly, with regard to the document itself, one may write on anything, even on an olive leaf, or on the horn of a cow. And the latter is valid if he gives her the entire cow. Likewise, one may write a bill of divorce on the hand of a slave, and that is valid if he gives her the slave. Rabbi Yosei HaGelili disagrees and says: One may not write a bill of divorce on any living thing, nor may it be written on food.",
+ "One may not write a bill of divorce on anything that is attached to the ground. If one wrote it on something that was attached to the ground, and afterward he detached it, signed it, and gave it to her, then it is valid. Rabbi Yehuda deems a bill of divorce invalid unless its writing and its signing were performed when it was already detached. Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: One may not write a bill of divorce on erased paper or on unfinished leather [diftera], because writing on these surfaces can be forged. And the Rabbis deem valid a bill of divorce that was written on either of these items.",
+ "Anyone is qualified to write a bill of divorce, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. Additionally, a woman may write her own bill of divorce and give it to her husband so that he can present it to her. And a man may write his own receipt, which must be given to him by the woman to confirm that he has paid her the value of her marriage contract. This is because the ratification of a bill of divorce is only through its signatories, and it is irrelevant who wrote it. Anyone is fit to serve as an agent to bring a bill of divorce to a woman except for a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, or a blind person, or a gentile.",
+ "If a minor received the bill of divorce and then reached the age of majority, or one received it when he was a deaf-mute and then became able to hear, or one received it when he was blind and then became able to see, or one received it when he was an imbecile and then became halakhically competent, or one received it when he was a gentile and then converted, in all of these cases he is unfit to bring the bill of divorce. However, if one received it when he was able to hear, and then became a deaf-mute, and then again became able to hear; or if one received it when he was able to see, and then became blind, and then again became able to see; or one received it when he was halakhically competent, and then became an imbecile, and then again became halakhically competent, in all of these cases he is fit to bring the bill of divorce. This is the principle: Anyone who is halakhically competent in the beginning and in the end is fit, even if there was time in the interim when he was unfit.",
+ "There are instances in which a woman’s testimony that another woman’s husband has died is not deemed credible (Yevamot 117a). If there is a presumption that due to their familial relationship the two women hate each other, there is concern that the woman is testifying falsely in order to harm the other woman. By doing so, she can cause the other woman to remarry. If her original husband then proves to be living, she will be required to leave her second husband. This mishna teaches: Even the women who are not deemed credible to testify on behalf of a woman and say: Her husband died, and she is permitted to remarry, are deemed credible to bring her bill of divorce. The relatives of the woman who are not deemed credible to testify that her husband has died are: Her mother-in-law; and her mother-in-law’s daughter; and her rival wife, i.e., another wife of her husband’s; and her yevama, i.e., her husband’s brother’s wife; and her husband’s daughter. The mishna explains: What is the difference between a bill of divorce and death, that certain women are deemed credible to testify about one but not the other? With regard to a bill of divorce, it is so that the writing proves that the husband is divorcing his wife, and the testimony is needed only to supplement the bill of divorce. Similarly, the woman herself may bring her own bill of divorce, provided that she is required by the court to state in its presence: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, as the Gemara will explain."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Any bill of divorce that was not written for the sake of a specific woman is invalid. How so? In a case of a man who was passing through the marketplace and heard the sound of scribes who write bills of divorce dictating the text to their students: The man so-and-so divorces so-and-so from the place of such and such; and the man said: This is my name and that is the name of my wife, and he wishes to use this bill for his divorce, this bill is unfit for him to divorce his wife with it, as it was not written for the sake of any woman. Moreover, if one wrote a bill of divorce with which to divorce his wife but later reconsidered, and a resident of his town found him and said to him: My name is the same as your name, and my wife’s name is the same as your wife’s name, and we reside in the same town; give me the bill of divorce and I will use it; the bill of divorce is unfit for the second man to divorce his wife with it. Moreover, if one had two wives and their names were identical, and he wrote a bill of divorce to divorce the older one and then reconsidered, he may not divorce the younger one with it. Moreover, if he said to the scribe: Write a bill of divorce for whichever one of them that I will want and I will divorce her with it, this bill of divorce is unfit for him to divorce either wife with it.",
+ "With regard to a scribe who writes the standard part [tofes] of bills of divorce in advance, so that when one requests a bill of divorce, he will need to add only the details unique to this case, he must leave empty the place in the bill of divorce for the name of the man, and the place for the name of the woman, and the place for the date. If a scribe writes the standard part of loan documents, he must leave empty the place of the name of the lender, the place of the name of the borrower, the place of the amount of the money being loaned, and the place of the date. If the scribe writes the standard part of documents of sale of land, he must leave empty the place for the name of the purchaser, and the place for the name of the seller, the place for the amount of the money for which the land is being purchased, the place for the description of the field that is being purchased, and the place of the date when the sale occurs. This is necessary due to the ordinance, as the Gemara will explain. Rabbi Yehuda invalidates all of these documents if their standard parts were written in advance. Rabbi Elazar deems all of them valid except for bills of divorce, as it is stated in the Torah: “And he writes for her” (Deuteronomy 24:1), indicating that he must write the bill of divorce for her sake. Therefore, one may not write even the standard part of the bill of divorce in advance, as that would not qualify as writing the bill of divorce for her sake.",
+ "With regard to an agent who brings a bill of divorce and it was lost from him, if he finds it immediately then the bill of divorce is valid. But if not, then it is invalid, as it is possible that the bill of divorce that he found is not the same one that he lost, and this second bill of divorce belongs to someone else whose name and wife’s name are identical to the names of the husband and wife in the lost bill of divorce. However, if he found it in a ḥafisa or in a deluskema that he knows is his, or if he recognizes the actual bill of divorce, then it is valid. In the case of an agent who brings a bill of divorce to a woman, and when he had left the husband was elderly or sick, the agent gives her the bill of divorce based on the presumption that the husband is still alive, and there is no concern that in the meantime he has died, thereby canceling the bill of divorce. Similarly, with regard to an Israelite woman who is married to a priest and may therefore partake of teruma, and her husband went to a country overseas, she may continue to partake of teruma based on the presumption that her husband is still alive. Similarly, in the case of one who sends his sin-offering from a country overseas, the priests may offer it on the altar based on the presumption that the one who sent it is still alive.",
+ "Rabbi Elazar ben Perata said three statements before the Sages as testimony from previous generations, and they upheld his statements: He spoke concerning the residents of a town that was surrounded by a camp of besiegers [karkom]; and concerning the travelers in a ship that is cast about in the sea; and concerning one who is going out to be judged in a capital case; that they are all presumed to be alive. However, concerning the residents of a town that was conquered by a camp of besiegers; and the travelers on a ship that was lost at sea; and one who is going out to be executed after receiving his verdict; in these cases one applies to them the stringencies of the living and the stringencies of the dead. How so? An Israelite woman married to a priest in one of these situations or a daughter of a priest married to an Israelite in one of these situations may not partake of teruma. The first woman may not do so because she may partake of teruma only while her husband is alive, and the second may not do so because she may partake of teruma only if he has died.",
+ "With regard to an agent who brings a bill of divorce in Eretz Yisrael, where his only responsibility is to transmit the bill of divorce to the wife, and the agent became sick, this agent may send it in the possession of another agent. But if the husband said to the agent: When you transmit the bill of divorce to my wife, take for me such and such an item from her that I left with her as a deposit, then he may not send it in the possession of another agent. This is because it is assumed that it is not the desire of the husband that his deposit be in the possession of another person whom he did not appoint as his agent.",
+ "With regard to an agent who is bringing a bill of divorce from a country overseas, who must attest to the fact that he witnessed the writing and signing of the bill of divorce, and he became sick and cannot complete his agency, he appoints another agent in court and sends him. And the first agent says before the court: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, and on the basis of this the court deems the bill of divorce to be valid. And the final agent does not need to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rather, it is sufficient that he says: I am an agent of the court.",
+ "The mishna continues the discussion of the presumption that a person remains alive. With regard to one who lends money to a priest, or to a Levite, or to a poor person, with the understanding that he will separate their portion of the teruma and tithes from his produce on the basis of that money, i.e., he will subtract from the debt owed by the priest or Levite the value of the teruma and tithes separated from the produce, he may separate the teruma and tithes from his produce on the basis of that money with the presumption that they are still alive, and he need not be concerned that perhaps the priest or the Levite died in the interim, or that the poor person became rich and is no longer eligible to be given the poor man’s tithe. The priest or Levite benefits from this arrangement, as he receives his gifts up front in the form of a loan. The Israelite benefits in that he does not need to seek out a priest or Levite each time he has produce from which he must separate teruma and tithes. If in fact they died, then he must obtain permission from the heirs in order to continue the arrangement. However, if he lent money to the deceased, and he stipulated in the presence of the court that the debt would be repaid in this manner, then he does not need to obtain permission from the heirs.",
+ "With regard to one who sets aside produce with the understanding that he will separate terumot and tithes with it, so that when he has untithed produce he can render it fit by declaring that the teruma and tithes that must be separated will be from the produce that he had set aside for this purpose, or one who sets aside money with the understanding that he will separate and to redeem second tithe with it, then he may later separate the teruma or tithe with them, based on the presumption that the produce or the money are extant. He need not be concerned that perhaps the produce or money was lost in the meantime. If he discovers that they were lost, then he must be concerned that the produce or money that he set aside was lost, from the time until the same time, as will be explained in the Gemara, and he must separate teruma and tithes from the produce a second time; this is the statement of Rabbi Elazar. Rabbi Yehuda says: One checks the wine that is set aside to be used for separating terumot and tithes for other wine to see if it has turned to vinegar, which would render it unfit for this purpose, at three times during the year: When the east wind blows at the conclusion of the festival of Sukkot, and when the blossoms fall and the grape buds emerge and appear as small clusters, and at the time when water enters and fills the unripe grape. Since there is a change in the weather at these times, one should check to ensure that the wine has not turned to vinegar."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who sends a bill of divorce to his wife with an agent, and he reached the agent, or where he sent another agent after him, and he said to the agent delivering the bill of divorce: The bill of divorce that I gave you, it is void, then this bill of divorce is hereby void. Similarly, if the husband reached his wife before the bill of divorce reached her, or in a case where he sent an agent to her, and he said, or had the agent say, to his wife: The bill of divorce that I sent to you, it is void, then this bill of divorce is hereby void. However, if he stated this once the bill of divorce had entered her possession, he can no longer render it void, as the divorce had already taken effect.",
+ "The mishna relates that initially, a husband who wished to render the bill of divorce void would convene a court elsewhere and render the bill of divorce void in the presence of the court before it reached his wife. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted an ordinance that one should not do this, for the betterment of the world. The Gemara will explain what this means. Initially, the husband would change his name and her name, from the names by which they were known where they formerly lived to the names by which they were known where the bill of divorce was written, and write the name of his city and the name of her city. One was not required to list all of the names by which the husband and the wife were known, but only the names in the place where the bill of divorce was being written. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted that the scribe should write in the bill of divorce: The man so-and-so, and any other name that he has, and: The woman so-and-so, and any other name that she has. The reason for this ordinance was for the betterment of the world, as perhaps the people of a different city would not recognize the name written in the bill of divorce, and would claim that this bill of divorce does not belong to her.",
+ "A widow can collect payment of her marriage contract from the property of orphans only by means of an oath that she did not receive any part of the payment of the marriage contract during her husband’s lifetime. The mishna relates: The courts refrained from administering an oath to her, leaving the widow unable to collect payment of her marriage contract. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted that she should take, for the benefit of the orphans, any vow that the orphans wished to administer to her, e.g., that all produce will become prohibited to her if she received any payment of her marriage contract, and after stating this vow, she collects payment of her marriage contract. The mishna lists additional ordinances that were instituted for the betterment of the world: The witnesses sign their names on the bill of divorce, even though the bill of divorce is valid without their signatures, for the betterment of the world, as the Gemara will explain. And Hillel instituted a document that prevents the Sabbatical Year from abrogating an outstanding debt [prosbol] for the betterment of the world, as the Gemara will explain.",
+ "In the case of a Canaanite slave that was captured, and Jews who had not owned him redeemed him, if he was redeemed to be a slave then he will be a slave. If he was redeemed to be a freeman then he will not be a slave. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Both in this case and in that case he will be a slave. In the case of a slave whose master set him aside as designated repayment [apoteiki] of a debt to other people from whom he borrowed money, and afterward he emancipated him, then according to the letter of the law the slave bears no responsibility for the debt. However, for the betterment of the world, his master is forced to make him a freeman, and the slave writes a promissory note for his value to pay the debt to the creditor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He does not write a promissory note; he only emancipates the slave.",
+ "In the case of one who is a half-slave half-freeman because only one of his two owners emancipated him, he serves his master one day and serves himself one day; this is the statement of Beit Hillel. Beit Shammai say: Through such an arrangement you have remedied his master, as his master loses nothing through this. However, you have not remedied the slave himself, as the slave himself remains in an unsustainable situation. It is not possible for him to marry a maidservant because he is already a half-freeman, as it is prohibited for a freeman to marry a maidservant. It is also not possible for him to marry a free woman, as he is still a half-slave. If you say he should be idle and not marry, but isn’t it true that the world was created only for procreation, as it is stated: “He did not create it to be a waste; He formed it to be inhabited” (Isaiah 45:18)? Rather, for the betterment of the world his master is forced to make him a freeman, and the slave writes a promissory note accepting his responsibility to pay half his value to his master. And Beit Hillel ultimately retracted their opinion, to rule in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai, that a half-slave must be set free.",
+ "In a case of one who sells his slave to gen-tiles, or even to a Jew outside of Eretz Yisrael, the slave is emancipated. Since the slave, who is partially obligated in the fulfillment of mitzvot, would be restricted in his ability to fulfill them in his new situation, either because he would be under the authority of a gentile or because he will no longer be in Eretz Yisrael, the Sages penalized his original owner that he should become a freeman, so that if he succeeds in escaping his new owner, he is a full-fledged freeman. The captives are not redeemed for more than their actual monetary value, for the betterment of the world; and one may not aid the captives in their attempt to escape from their captors for the betterment of the world, so that kidnappers will not be more restrictive with their captives to prevent them from escaping. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: For the betterment of the captives, so that kidnappers will not avenge the escape of the captives by treating other captives with cruelty. And Torah scrolls, phylacteries, or mezuzot are not purchased from the gentiles when they acquire these objects, if they request more than their actual monetary value, for the betterment of the world, so as not to cause an increase in the theft of sacred Jewish ritual objects in order to sell them for large sums of money.",
+ "A man who divorces his wife due to her bad reputation, i.e., he heard that she had committed adultery, may not remarry her, even if it becomes clear that she did not in fact commit adultery. Similarly, if one divorces his wife due to a vow that she took, and he could not live with her under the conditions of her vow, he may not remarry her. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he divorces her due to any vow that the public was aware of, he may not remarry her, but if he divorces her due to a vow that the public was not aware of, he may remarry her. The mishna continues: Rabbi Meir says: If he divorces her due to any vow that requires investigation and dissolution by a halakhic authority, he may not bring remarry her, but if he divorces her due to a vow that does not require investigation and dissolution by a halakhic authority, and is dissolved even without that, he may bring remarry her. Rabbi Elazar said: They prohibited him from remarrying her in this case, where she stated a vow that requires dissolution by a halakhic authority, only due to that case, where she stated a vow that does not require dissolution by a halakhic authority. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, said: There was an incident in Tzaidan involving one man who said to his wife: It is konam, i.e., it is forbidden like an offering, if I do not divorce you, and he divorced her; and the Sages permitted him to remarry her for the betterment of the world.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife because she is a sexually underdeveloped woman who is incapable of bearing children [ailonit], meaning that after their marriage it became clear that she was sexually underdeveloped, Rabbi Yehuda says: He may not remarry her, and the Rabbis say: He may remarry her. If, after he divorced her, this ailonit married another man and had children from him, meaning that she was not actually an ailonit, and she is demanding payment of her marriage contract from her first husband, claiming that he unlawfully divorced her without paying her marriage contract as he claimed that she was an ailonit and their marriage was a mistaken transaction, Rabbi Yehuda said that he may say to her: Your silence is preferable to your speech, meaning that it is preferable for her to withdraw her claim. If she persists, he may say that he divorced her only because he believed her to be an ailonit, casting aspersions on the validity of the divorce and the status of her children. Therefore, it would be wise of her to withdraw her claim.",
+ "With regard to one who sells himself and his children as slaves to gentiles, he is not redeemed, but the children are redeemed after their father’s death, as there is no reason to penalize them. One who sells his field to a gentile must purchase and bring the first fruits from the field that he sold, for the betterment of the world."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The court appraises land of superior quality [iddit] for payment to injured parties. And a creditor collects his debt from the debtor’s intermediate-quality land. And payment of a woman’s marriage contract is collected from her husband’s inferior-quality land. Rabbi Meir says: Payment of a woman’s marriage contract is also collected from intermediate-quality land.",
+ "Payment of a debt or other obligation is not collected from liened property that has been sold to a third party when the debtor still has unsold property, even when this unsold property is inferior-quality land. The creditor cannot collect his debt from liened property that the debtor has sold to another person as long as the debtor is still in possession of other property, even if the remaining assets are inferior to those to which the creditor would otherwise have been entitled. If one who owed money died and his children inherited his property, the father’s debt can be collected from the property of the orphans only from inferior-quality land.",
+ "The court does not appropriate liened property that has been sold to a third party for the consumption of produce or for the enhanced value of land. If one appropriated a field and sold it, and the buyer worked the land, enhanced it, and grew produce on it, and then the initial owner from whom the field had been stolen took back the land and the produce from the buyer, compensating him only for his expenses, then the buyer may go back to the seller, i.e., the robber, and collect his losses. He can collect the purchase price of the field even from property that the robber sold to another person. By contrast, the value of the produce and the enhancement in the value of the field, which resulted from his actions, may be collected only from the robber’s unsold property. And similarly, payment for the sustenance of a man’s wife and daughters cannot be collected from his liened property. One of the stipulations included in a marriage contract is that after the husband dies, his widow and daughters are entitled to sustenance from his estate. This sustenance cannot be collected from husband’s liened property that has been sold to another person, but only from his unsold property inherited by his heirs. All of these enactments were made for the betterment of the world. And it was further instituted that one who finds a lost item and returns it to its rightful owner is not required to take an oath that he did not keep any part of the lost item for himself. This ordinance was also instituted for the betterment of the world.",
+ "With regard to orphans who are living with a homeowner who takes care of all their needs and affairs, even if neither their father nor the court officially appointed him to this task, or if their father appointed a steward [apotropos] for them, this person is obligated to tithe their produce. With regard to a steward who was appointed by the orphans’ father, when he returns all of the property to the orphans upon their reaching adulthood, he takes an oath that he took nothing of theirs for himself. By contrast, if the court appointed him to serve as a steward for them, then he is not required to take such an oath. Abba Shaul says: The matters are reversed. A steward appointed by the court takes an oath, but a steward appointed by the orphans’ father is not required to do so. With regard to one who renders another’s food ritually impure, or one who mixes teruma with another’s non-sacred produce, or one who pours another’s wine as a libation before an idol, in each of these cases causing the other a monetary loss, if he acted unintentionally, he is exempt from paying for the damage. If he acted intentionally, he is liable to pay. If priests disqualified an offering with improper intention in the Temple, by expressing, while sacrificing the offering, the intention of sprinkling the blood of the offering, burning its fats on the altar, or consuming it, after its appointed time, and they did so intentionally, they are liable to pay the value of the offering to its owner, who must now bring another offering.",
+ "Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda testified before the Sages about the case of a deaf-mute woman who was married off by her father when she was a minor, so that her marriage took effect by Torah law. He said that she can be released from her marriage through a bill of divorce, whether as a minor or after she reaches adulthood. Although as a deaf-mute woman she is not legally competent to give her consent, the divorce is effective because divorce does not require the woman’s consent. And similarly, he testified about the case of the minor daughter of a non-priest who was orphaned from her father and then married off to a priest by her mother or brother, so that her marriage took effect by rabbinic law. He said that nevertheless she may partake of teruma, although by Torah law it is prohibited for one who is not in a priestly household to partake of teruma. And furthermore if this girl dies, then her husband inherits her estate. It is not said that because the validity of the marriage is by rabbinic law and not Torah law he is not entitled to inherit from her. And Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda further testified about a stolen beam that was already built into a large building [bira], that the victim of the robbery receives only the value of the beam but not the beam itself, due to an ordinance instituted for the penitent. By Torah law, a robber is obligated to return any stolen item in his possession, provided that its form has not been altered. If one stole a beam and incorporated it into a building, then by Torah law he would have to destroy the building and return the beam. In order to encourage repentance, the Sages were lenient and allowed a robber to return the value of the beam. And lastly, Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda testified about a sin-offering that was obtained through robbery but that was not publicly known to have been obtained in that manner. He said that it effects atonement for the robber who sacrifices it, for the benefit of the altar, as will be explained in the Gemara.",
+ "The law of Sicarii [Sikarikon] did not apply in Judea in the time that people were being killed in the war. From the time that people were being killed in the war and onward, the law of Sicarii did apply there. What is this law of Sicarii? If one first purchased land from a Sicarius, who extorted the field from its prior owners with threats, and afterward the buyer returned and purchased the same field a second time from the prior landowner, his purchase is void. The prior owner of the field can say that he did not actually mean to sell him the field. By contrast, if he first acquired the field from the prior owner and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from a Sicarius, his purchase stands. Similarly, if one first purchased from the husband the rights to use a field belonging to his wife, and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from the wife, so that if the husband were to predecease or divorce her, the purchaser would then own it fully, his purchase is void. The woman can claim that she did not wish to quarrel with her husband and to object to the transaction but that in truth she did not agree to the sale. By contrast, if he first acquired the field from the wife, and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from the husband, his purchase stands. This is the initial version of this mishna. Later, the court of those who came after the Sages who composed that mishna said: With regard to one who purchased a field from a Sicarius, he must give the prior owner one-fourth of the field’s value. When does this apply? At a time when the prior owner is unable to purchase the field himself. But if he is able to purchase it himself, he precedes anyone else. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi later convened a court, and they counted their votes and determined that if the field remained before, i.e., in the possession of, the Sicarius for twelve months, whoever first purchases the field acquires possession of it, but he must give the prior owner one-fourth of the field’s value.",
+ "The following enactments were also made for the betterment of the world: A deaf-mute may express his wishes through gestures [romez]; that is to say, he can signal that he wishes to buy or sell a certain item, and the purchase or sale is valid. And similarly he may respond to others through gestures; that is to say, he can signal that he agrees to a transaction initiated by another party, and the transaction is valid. And ben Beteira says: Signals are not necessary, as even if he expresses his wishes to buy or sell through lip movements [kofetz] or responds to others through lip movements, the transaction is valid. These halakhot apply to transactions involving movable property. It was similarly enacted that a purchase made by young children [paotot] is a valid purchase, and a sale made by them is a valid sale. These halakhot apply to transactions involving movable property.",
+ "Having mentioned a series of enactments instituted by the Sages for the sake of the betterment of the world, the Gemara continues: These are the matters that the Sages instituted on account of the ways of peace, i.e., to foster peace and prevent strife and controversy: At public readings of the Torah, a priest reads first, and after him a Levite, and after him an Israelite. The Sages instituted this order on account of the ways of peace, so that people should not quarrel about who is the most distinguished member of the community. Similarly, the Sages enacted that a joining of courtyards is placed in an old house where it had regularly been placed on account of the ways of peace, as will be explained in the Gemara. The Sages enacted that the pit that is nearest to the irrigation channel that supplies water to several pits or fields is filled first on account of the ways of peace. They established a fixed order for the irrigation of fields, so that people would not quarrel over who is given precedence. Animals, birds, or fish that were caught in traps are not acquired by the one who set the traps until he actually takes possession of them. Nevertheless, if another person comes and takes them, it is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. Similarly, a lost item found by a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor is not acquired by him, since he lacks the legal competence to effect acquisition. Nevertheless, taking such an item from him is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. If a poor person gleans olives at the top of an olive tree and olives fall to the ground under the tree, then taking those olives that are beneath it is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. One does not protest against poor gentiles who come to take gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the produce in the corner of the field, which is given to the poor [pe’a], although they are meant exclusively for the Jewish poor, on account of the ways of peace.",
+ "A woman may lend utensils to her friend who is suspect with regard to eating produce that grew in the Sabbatical Year after the time that such produce must be removed from the house and may no longer be eaten. The utensils that she may lend her include: A winnow, a sieve, a mill, and an oven. Lending her such utensils is not considered aiding in the commission of a transgression. But she may not select the grain from the chaff or grind wheat with her, i.e., she may not actively assist her in the performance of a sin. The wife of a ḥaver, one who is devoted to the meticulous observance of mitzvot, especially the halakhot of ritual purity, teruma, and tithes, may lend the wife of an am ha’aretz, one who is not scrupulous in these areas, a winnow and a sieve, and she may even select, grind, and sift with her. But once the wife of the am ha’aretz pours water into the flour, thereby rendering it susceptible to ritual impurity, the wife of the ḥaver may not touch anything with her, because one may not assist those who commit transgressions. And all of the allowances mentioned in the mishna were stated only on account of the ways of peace. And one may assist gentiles who work the land during the Sabbatical Year, but one may not assist Jews who do this. Similarly, one may extend greetings to gentiles on account of the ways of peace."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who says to another: Receive this bill of divorce for my wife, or: Deliver this bill of divorce to my wife as my agent, if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until the document reaches his wife’s possession. However, in the case of a woman who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, and the husband handed the bill of divorce to her agent, if the husband seeks to retract his decision to divorce his wife upon receipt of the bill of divorce by the agent, he cannot retract it. Once the bill of divorce is transferred to her agent, its legal status is like that of a bill of divorce that was handed directly to her, and the divorce takes effect immediately. Therefore, if the husband said to the agent whom the woman designated to receive the bill of divorce: I do not want [ee ifshi] for you to receive the bill of divorce for her; rather, deliver it and give it to her, then if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until it reaches his wife’s possession. Since the husband does not agree to have the divorce take effect upon receipt by his wife’s agent, he changes the designation of the agent and designates him as his own agent for delivery. Therefore, the divorce takes effect only when the bill of divorce reaches his wife’s possession. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Even a woman who did not instruct the agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me but says: Take my bill of divorce for me, thereby designates the agent as an agent of receipt on her behalf. Therefore, if after handing the bill of divorce to the agent the husband seeks to retract his decision and cancel the agency, he cannot retract it.",
+ "A woman who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, requires two sets of witnesses to confirm that she was divorced when the agent received the bill of divorce. She requires two witnesses who say: In our presence she said to the agent: Receive my bill of divorce on my behalf, and two who say: In our presence the agent received the bill of divorce and tore it. This testimony is effective even if two people are the first pair of witnesses and the same two are the latter pair of witnesses, or if there is one witness from the first pair of witnesses and one witness from the latter pair, and one additional witness joins with them as the second witness in both testimonies. With regard to a betrothed young woman, she and her father are each eligible to receive her bill of divorce, and the divorce takes effect at the moment that either of them receives the bill of divorce. Rabbi Yehuda said: Two hands do not have the right to acquire an item on behalf of one person as one. Rather, her father alone receives her bill of divorce on her behalf. And there is another principle: Any female who is unable to safeguard her bill of divorce is unable to be divorced.",
+ "In the case of a minor girl who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, it is not a valid bill of divorce until the bill of divorce reaches her possession. Therefore, if the husband seeks to retract his decision before his wife receives the bill of divorce, he can retract it, as a minor does not designate an agent. Consequently, the agent is not an agent for receipt, and the divorce does not take effect when the husband hands the document to the agent. The agent is an agent for delivery, and the divorce takes effect when the bill of divorce enters the wife’s possession. And if her father said to the agent: Go out and receive my daughter’s bill of divorce on her behalf, then if the husband seeks to retract his decision, he cannot retract it. As a father can receive the bill of divorce on behalf of his minor daughter, he can designate an agent for receipt, and the divorce takes effect when the husband hands the document to the agent. With regard to one who says to an agent: Give this bill of divorce to my wife in such and such a place, if the agent deviated and gave it to her in another place the divorce is invalid. However, if he said to the agent: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, she is in such and such a place, without explicitly instructing the agent to give her the document there, and he gave it to her in another place the divorce is valid. With regard to the woman who when designating her agent for receipt said to her agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me in such and such a place, and he received it for her in another place, the divorce is invalid; and Rabbi Elazar deems it valid. If she said to him: Bring me my bill of divorce from such and such a place, and he brought it for her from another place, it is valid. Because he is an agent for delivery, the woman is not particular where he receives the bill of divorce, as the divorce takes effect only when the bill of divorce reaches her possession.",
+ "An Israelite woman married to a priest partakes of teruma. If she says to an agent: Bring me my bill of divorce, designating him as an agent for delivery, she continues to partake of teruma until the bill of divorce reaches her possession. However, if she says: Receive my bill of divorce for me, thereby designating him as an agent for receipt, it is immediately prohibited for her to partake of teruma. Since the divorce takes effect when the husband hands the bill of divorce to the agent, the concern is that the agent encountered the husband nearby. If the woman said to the agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me in such and such a place, then even if he received it elsewhere, she continues to partake of teruma until the bill of divorce reaches that place. Rabbi Elazar prohibits her from partaking of teruma immediately.",
+ "With regard to a husband who says to two people: Write a bill of divorce and give it to my wife, or: Divorce her, or: Write a letter and give it to her, they should write the document and give it to her. In each of those cases his intent is clear. He is instructing them to effect her divorce. However, one who said: Release her, or: Sustain her, or: Treat her according to the law [nimus], or: Treat her appropriately, said nothing, as none of these expressions clearly expresses his desire to divorce his wife. At first the Sages would say: In the case of one who is taken out in a neck chain [kolar] to be executed and who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, these people should write the document and give it to his wife even though there was no explicit instruction to give it to her. They then said: Even with regard to one who sets sail and one who departs in a caravan to a far-off place and says: Write a bill of divorce to my wife, his intention is to write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: Even if one who is dangerously ill gives that instruction, they write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife.",
+ "With regard to one who was thrown into a pit and thought that he would die there, and he said that anyone who hears his voice should write a bill of divorce for his wife, and he specified his name, her name, and all relevant details, those who hear him should write this bill of divorce and give it to his wife, even though they do not see the man and do not know him. A healthy man who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, but did not say to give it to her, presumably sought to mock her. Since he told them to write the bill of divorce and not to give it, it is not a valid bill of divorce. The mishna relates: There was an incident involving a healthy man who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, and then ascended to the roof and fell, and died. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: If he fell at his own initiative, taking his own life, it is a valid bill of divorce, as it is clear that he anticipated his death and instructed those listening to write the bill of divorce with the intent of giving it to her. However, if the wind forced him to fall, it is not a valid bill of divorce, as there was no clear intent to give her the bill of divorce. ",
+ "If a man said to two people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, or if a man said to three people: Write a bill of divorce and give it to my wife, these people should write the document themselves and give it to her. If he said to three people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, these people should tell others, and those others will write the document, because he designated the three people as a court. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And it is that halakha that Rabbi Ḥanina of Ono brought up from prison in the name of Rabbi Akiva, who was incarcerated there: I received a tradition from my teachers that in a case where a man says to three people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, that these people should tell others and those others will write the document, because he designated the three people as a court. Rabbi Yosei said: We said [nomeinu] to the agent, Rabbi Ḥanina of Ono: We too received a tradition. However, it is a different one, that even if a man said to the High Court [Sanhedrin] in Jerusalem: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, that the members of the court should learn to write, and should write the document themselves, and give it to his wife. If a man said to ten people: Write and give a bill of divorce to my wife, one of the ten writes the bill of divorce and two sign it. If he said: All of you write the document, one of them writes the bill of divorce and all of them sign it. Therefore, if one of them died, then this is a bill of divorce that is null and void, as he directed all of them to participate in the process."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who was afflicted with temporary insanity [kordeyakos] and said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, he said nothing, because he was not lucid at the time. If he said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, when he was lucid, and was then afflicted with temporary insanity and he retracted his previous statement and said: Do not write it, his latter statement is considered to be nothing, i.e., it is not halakhically valid. The mishna continues: In a case where the husband became mute, and two people said to him: Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife, and he nodded his head indicating his agreement, they examine him with various questions three times. If he responded to questions that have a negative answer: No, and responded to questions that have a positive answer: Yes, indicating his competence, they shall write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife based on the nod of his head.",
+ "If people said to the husband: Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife? And he said to them: Write the document, and those people told the scribe to write it, and he wrote it and instructed the witnesses to sign it, and they signed it; even if they wrote it, and signed it, and gave it to him, and he then gave it to his wife, the bill of divorce is void unless he himself says to the scribe: Write the document, and he himself says to the witnesses: Sign the document.",
+ "If one says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce if I die from this illness, or: This is your bill of divorce after my death, then it is as if he said nothing, since a bill of divorce is valid only if it takes effect before the husband’s death. But if the husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce from now if I die, then this is a valid bill of divorce, because once he dies, the bill of divorce retroactively applies from when he made this statement. If the husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today and after my death, then it is uncertain whether his primary intention was for the bill of divorce to take effect that day, in which case it is a valid bill of divorce, or if his primary intention was that it should take effect after his death and is therefore not valid. The halakha is that there is uncertainty whether it is a valid bill of divorce or not a valid bill of divorce. And if he dies without children his wife must perform ḥalitza, since perhaps the bill of divorce is not valid and she is bound by the levirate bond and may not remarry without first performing ḥalitza. But she may not enter into levirate marriage, since perhaps the bill of divorce is valid, and it is prohibited for a divorcée to marry her brother-in-law. If he said: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die from this illness, and he recovered, and he arose and walked in the market, but then became ill again and died, the court assesses him. If he died because of the first illness then this is a valid bill of divorce, as his conditional statement was fulfilled, but if not, i.e., if he was cured from the first illness and died from another illness, then it is not a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a woman’s ill husband gave her a bill of divorce, and made a condition that it should take effect from today if he dies from his illness, then she may be secluded with him only in the presence of two witnesses, lest they end up engaging in sexual intercourse. This applies to being secluded in the presence of not only valid witnesses; it is permitted for her to be secluded with him even in the presence of a slave or even in the presence of a maidservant, except for the wife’s personal maidservant. And it is prohibited for the wife to be secluded in the presence of the latter because she is accustomed to her maidservant, and there is concern that she will engage in sexual intercourse with her husband even though the maidservant is present. What is the halakhic status of the wife during these days between when the bill of divorce was given but before the condition has been fulfilled with the death of the husband? Rabbi Yehuda says: She is like a married woman with regard to all of her matters, and she remains forbidden to other men. Rabbi Yosei says: It is uncertain whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me two hundred dinars, then she is divorced and must give two hundred dinars in order to fulfill the condition of the bill of divorce. If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me money from now until the conclusion of thirty days, if she gives the money to him within thirty days she is divorced. And if not she is not divorced. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: There was an incident in the city of Tzaidan involving one who said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me my coat [itztaliti], and she lost his coat, so that she could not give it to him. And the Rabbis said that she must give him the value of the coat, and by doing so she fulfills the condition and is divorced.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will serve my father, or: On the condition that you will nurse, i.e., breastfeed, my son, without specifying a time period, how long is she required to nurse him in order to fulfill the condition? She is required to nurse the baby for two years from his birth, which is the length of time generally designated for nursing. Rabbi Yehuda says: The time for nursing is only eighteen months. If the baby son died or the husband’s father died, this is a valid bill of divorce, even though the condition was not fulfilled. But if the husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will serve my father for two years, or: On the condition that you will nurse my son for two years, and the son died before she nursed him for two years, or the father said: I do not want you to serve me, then even if the father did not say this in anger and she did everything she was expected to do, it is not a valid bill of divorce because the condition was not fulfilled. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: In a case like this it is a valid bill of divorce. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel stated a principle: If there is any hindrance to the fulfillment of the condition that does not result from her, then it is a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a resident of the region of Judea intending to embark on a journey to the Galilee said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and when he was going from Judea to the Galilee he reached Antipatris and he returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently returns to the Galilee for longer than thirty days. The reason for this is because he reached the Galilee and returned to Judea within the time he had allotted. Similarly, if a resident of the region of the Galilee intending to embark on a journey to Judea said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and he was going from the Galilee to Judea, and he reached Kefar Otnai and returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently returns to Judea for longer than thirty days. Similarly, if a resident of Eretz Yisrael intending to embark on a journey to a country overseas said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and he was going to a country overseas, and he reached Akko and returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently travels to a country overseas for longer than thirty days. If a husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if at any time I will depart from your presence for thirty consecutive days, then even if he was continually going and coming, going and coming, since he was not secluded with her during these thirty days, this is a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and he died within twelve months, it is not a valid bill of divorce. This is because the bill of divorce cannot take effect after the husband’s death. As a result, she is bound by a levirate bond if her husband has no children. By contrast, if he said to her: This is your bill of divorce from now if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and he died within twelve months, this is a valid bill of divorce. This is because the bill of divorce takes effect retroactively. Since he did not return within the year the condition was fulfilled.",
+ "If a husband said to others: If I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, write and give a bill of divorce to my wife, and they wrote a bill of divorce during the twelve months and gave it to her after twelve months had elapsed, it is not a valid bill of divorce because he instructed them to write the bill of divorce only after twelve months had elapsed. Similarly, if he said to others: Write and give a bill of divorce to my wife if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and they wrote it during the twelve months but gave it to her after the twelve months, it is not a valid bill of divorce because he instructed them to write the bill of divorce only after twelve months had elapsed, when it was clear that he did not come back. Rabbi Yosei disagrees and says: In a case like this, it is a valid bill of divorce, as he did not tell them when to write the bill of divorce. Rather, he stipulated only the time of giving. If they wrote the bill of divorce after twelve months had elapsed, and gave it after twelve months had elapsed, but in the interim the husband died, if the giving of the bill of divorce occurred before the husband’s death this is a valid bill of divorce. But if the husband’s death occurred before the giving of the bill of divorce it is not a valid bill of divorce. And if it is not known which occurred first, this is a case where the Sages said there is uncertainty whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In a case of one who throws a bill of divorce to his wife, and she is in her house or in her courtyard at the time, then she is divorced as though he placed the bill of divorce in her hand. If he threw it to her in his house or in his courtyard, even if the bill of divorce is with her in the bed, she is not divorced. If he threw the bill of divorce into her lap, or into her basket [kaltah], she is divorced, even if she was in her husband’s house at the time.",
+ "If he said to his wife: Take this promissory note, and it was a bill of divorce, or she found it behind him and he did not tell her what it was but she reads what is written in it and discovers that it is her bill of divorce, it is not a valid bill of divorce until he says to her: This is your bill of divorce. If he gave it to her in her hand and she was sleeping, and he then woke her, and when she reads what is written in it, she finds that it is her bill of divorce, it is not a valid bill of divorce until he says to her: This is your bill of divorce. If the woman was standing in the public domain and her husband took the bill of divorce and threw it to her, if it fell closer to her, she is divorced, and if it fell closer to him, she is not divorced. If it is equally balanced, there is uncertainty as to whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced. ",
+ "And the same halakhot apply with regard to betrothal. And the same halakhot apply with regard to a debt. If his creditor said to him: Throw the payment for my debt to me, and he threw it to him and the money fell closer to the creditor, the creditor acquired the payment. The debtor is absolved of his obligation to pay even if the money did not reach the creditor’s hand, e.g., it was stolen or lost after it was thrown and before the creditor was able to take it. If it fell closer to the debtor and the money was lost, the debtor is still obligated to pay. If it was equally balanced and was lost, the two of them divide it, i.e., the debtor owes half of the amount. If a woman was standing on top of the roof and her husband was standing below, and he threw a bill of divorce to her, once the bill of divorce reaches the airspace of the roof, she is divorced. If he was above on the roof and she was below, and he threw it to her, once it leaves the area of the roof, even if the wording was erased or the document was burned before it fell to the ground, she is divorced.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A man may send, i.e., divorce, his wife with an outdated bill of divorce, and Beit Hillel prohibit him from doing so. And what is an outdated bill of divorce? Any case where he was secluded with her after he wrote it for her and before he gave it to her.",
+ "If he wrote the date on the bill of divorce using a calendrical system that counts years in the name of a kingdom that is not legitimate, or he wrote the date in the name of the kingdom of Medea, or in the name of the Greek Empire, after it ceased to exist, or he wrote the date counting to the building of the Temple, or counting to the destruction of the Temple, in all these case, the bill of divorce is not valid. In the time of the mishna, the local government was particular that documents be dated with the official government date. Therefore, the Sages instituted that this must be done in bills of divorce as well. If one deviates from this practice, the rabbinic dictates of bills of divorce have been violated, and the bill of divorce is invalid. If he was in the east and he wrote the location in the bill of divorce as in the west, or if he was in the west and he wrote the location in the bill of divorce as in the east, the bill of divorce is not valid. If he divorced her with this bill of divorce and she remarried, she must leave both this first husband and that second husband, and she needs a bill of divorce from this husband and that husband. And she does not receive payment of her marriage contract, and not the profits from her properties that her husband consumed, and she does not have a claim to receive sustenance, and she does not have a claim to worn clothes that belonged to her, but which her husband used. She cannot demand these items, not of this husband and not of that husband. If she took any of these items from this husband or from that husband, she must return what was taken. And the child that was born from this husband or from that husband that was conceived after she married the second husband is a son born from an adulterous relationship [mamzer]. And neither this husband nor that husband, if they are priests, is permitted to become ritually impure by her when she dies, which a husband may ordinarily do for his wife. And neither this husband nor that husband have the rights to objects she finds, or to her earnings, or to the annulment of her vows. If she was an Israelite woman, then through these two marriages she becomes disqualified from marrying into the priesthood, due to the prohibition against a priest marrying a zona. If she was the daughter of a Levite, through these two marriages she becomes prohibited from partaking of the tithe that is given to Levites. If she was the daughter of a priest, she becomes prohibited from partaking of teruma, even after she returns to the house of her father the priest. And the heirs of this husband and the heirs of that husband do not inherit the rights to collect payment of her marriage contract if she dies. And if the husbands die, the brother of this first husband and the brother of that second husband perform ḥalitza, since she was betrothed to the second one as well, and they do not consummate the levirate marriage. The mishna proceeds to teach an additional halakha concerning a bill of divorce written not in accordance with its halakhot: If he changed his name, i.e., he wrote a different name in the bill of divorce, or he changed her name, or if he changed the name of his city or the name of her city, and she remarried on the basis of this bill of divorce, then she must leave both this first husband and that second husband. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "The mishna teaches another halakha associated with the previous halakhot: With regard to all of those cases in which they said that a man who died without children and left behind a widow who is, to the man’s brother, one of those with whom relations are forbidden, e.g., she is his wife’s sister, not only is there no levirate bond for her, but the rival wives of the brother who died are also permitted to marry without either levirate marriage or ḥalitza. The mishna discusses another case: These rival wives went and married another man without ḥalitza, and these widows with whom relationships were forbidden were found to be sexually underdeveloped women incapable of bearing children [ailonit]. Therefore, it became clear, retroactively, that the marriage to the dead brother was never valid, and accordingly, the rival wives were never exempt from the obligation of levirate marriage due to their being the rival wives of a forbidden relationship. Consequently, the rival wives were forbidden to marry anyone else without ḥalitza, and the rival wives must leave both this man whom they remarried, and that yavam, i.e., they cannot enter into levirate marriage with him. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "Similarly, with regard to one who marries his yevama, and her rival wife went and got married to another man, and it was found that this yevama was a sexually underdeveloped woman, the rival wife must leave this man whom she remarried and that yavam, i.e., she cannot enter into levirate marriage with him. Because the yevama was a sexually underdeveloped woman, the obligation of levirate marriage never applied to her, and her levirate marriage did not exempt her rival wife. And all of those aforementioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "The mishna now discusses another case: A scribe wrote a bill of divorce for a man, so that the man could divorce his wife with it; and he wrote a receipt for the woman, for her to give to her husband upon receiving payment of her marriage contract, verifying that she received the payment. And the scribe erred and gave the bill of divorce to the woman and the receipt to the man, and not knowing what was written in the documents that were in their possession, they gave what they received from the scribe to each other. The woman gave her husband a bill of divorce and the husband gave his wife a receipt, and consequently, there was no divorce at all. And after some time, the bill of divorce is in the possession of the man, and the receipt is in the possession of the woman, and they discover that the divorce never actually transpired. If the woman had remarried another man, she must leave this, the first husband, and that, the second husband. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well. Rabbi Elazar says: If the bill of divorce is immediately [le’altar] in the husband’s possession, this is not a valid bill of divorce, since he clearly never gave it to her. But if it is in his possession after some time, then this is a valid bill of divorce, since it is not in the power of the first husband to eliminate the right of the second husband. The assumption is that the husband did in fact give her the bill of divorce in the correct manner, but at some point, he took it back from her. If one wrote a bill of divorce to divorce his wife, and reconsidered and did not give it to her, Beit Shammai say: Although merely writing the bill of divorce does not dissolve the marriage, by doing so he disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. And Beit Hillel say: Even if he gave the bill of divorce to her conditionally and the condition was not fulfilled, and therefore the bill of divorce did not take effect, he did not disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. A woman is disqualified from marrying into the priesthood only if the divorce takes effect.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife, and afterward she spent the night with him at an inn [befundaki], Beit Shammai say: She does not require a second bill of divorce from him, and Beit Hillel say: She requires a second bill of divorce from him, since they may have engaged in sexual intercourse at the inn and thereby betrothed her once again. When did they say this halakha? When she was divorced following the state of marriage. Beit Hillel concede that when she was divorced following the state of betrothal, she does not require a second bill of divorce from him, due to the fact that he is not accustomed to her. Therefore, there is no concern that they engaged in sexual intercourse, even though they spent the night together at the inn. If a woman was married by her second husband on the basis of receiving a bare bill of divorce, i.e., a folded and tied bill of divorce that is missing signatures, she must leave both this, the first husband, and that, the second husband. And all of those previously mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier mishna (79b) apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "With regard to a bare bill of divorce; anyone, even those who are disqualified from bearing witness, can complete it, i.e., sign it in addition to the primary witnesses, so that it will not remain bare. This is the statement of ben Nannas. Rabbi Akiva says: Not all who are disqualified from bearing witness can complete it. Rather, only relatives who are fit to testify in another case. Rabbi Akiva permits only the inclusion of witnesses who would ordinarily be valid witnesses, but who are invalid here because they are relatives of either the husband and wife or the other witnesses. And what is a bare bill of divorce? It is any bill of divorce where the number of its folds is more than the number of its witnesses. In a folded and tied bill of divorce, the bill of divorce is folded and the folds are then tied. Instead of having two witnesses sign at the bottom of the document, witnesses would sign on each tied fold. A bare bill of divorce has more folds than signatures, i.e., some folds lack signatures."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife and said to her while handing her the bill of divorce: You are hereby permitted to marry any man except [ella] for so-and-so, Rabbi Eliezer permits her to remarry based on this divorce. And the Rabbis prohibit her from remarrying, as their bond is not entirely severed by this divorce, and she is therefore still considered his wife. What should he do so the divorce may take effect? He should take it from her and hand it to her again, and he should say to her: You are hereby permitted to marry any man. If he wrote his qualification inside the bill of divorce, even if he then erased it, the bill is invalid since it was not written in a valid manner.",
+ "If a man says to his wife while handing her a bill of divorce: You are hereby permitted to marry any man, except to marry my father or to marry your father, to marry my brother or to marry your brother, to marry a slave or to marry a gentile, or to marry anyone to whom she cannot legally become betrothed, the divorce is valid. Since these men cannot betroth her anyway, his qualification is meaningless. If he says to her: You are hereby permitted to marry any man, except for when doing so violates the following: The prohibition against a widow being married to a High Priest; the prohibition against a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] being married to a common priest; a mamzeret or a Gibeonite woman being married to an Israelite man; an Israelite woman being married to a mamzer or to a Gibeonite man; or marrying anyone to whom she can legally become betrothed, even if this betrothal would be a transgression, such as in the aforementioned cases; in all of these cases the divorce is invalid. His statement renders it a partial divorce, as the woman is still not permitted to marry any man who is eligible to betroth her.",
+ "The basic, essential, element of a bill of divorce is: You are hereby permitted to marry any man. Rabbi Yehuda says that there is also another essential sentence: And this that you shall have from me is a scroll of divorce, and a letter of leave, and a bill of dismissal to go to marry any man that you wish. And the basic element of a bill of manumission for a maidservant is: You are hereby a free woman, or: You are hereby your own.",
+ "Three bills of divorce are invalid ab initio, but if the woman marries another man on the basis of one of these bills of divorce the lineage of the offspring from this marriage is unflawed. In other words, she is not considered to be a married woman who engaged in sexual intercourse with another man, which would impair the lineage of their child. These three bills are: A bill of divorce that the husband wrote in his handwriting but has no signatures of witnesses on the document at all, a case where there are signatures of witnesses on the document but there is no date written on it, and a case where there is a date written on it, but it contains only one witness. These are the three invalid bills of divorce with regard to which the Sages said: And if she marries, the lineage of the offspring is unflawed. Rabbi Eliezer says: Even though there are no signatures of witnesses on the document, but he handed it to her in the presence of two witnesses, it is a valid bill of divorce. And on the basis of this bill of divorce the woman can collect the amount written for her in her marriage contract even from liened property, as Rabbi Eliezer maintains that the witnesses sign the bill of divorce only for the betterment of the world. If no witnesses sign a bill of divorce the husband can contest its validity at any time by denying that he wrote it. Nevertheless, the witnesses’ signatures are not an essential part of a bill of divorce.",
+ "With regard to a case of two men who sent their wives two identical bills of divorce with an agent, as both their names and their wives’ names are identical, and the two bills of divorce were mixed up, the agent should hand both bills of divorce to this wife and both of them to that wife, so that each wife definitely receives her bill of divorce, although it is unclear which one is hers. Therefore, if one of the bills of divorce was lost before it was given to both women, the other is void, because it is unknown which bill of divorce was meant for which woman. With regard to five husbands who wrote a general wording in the bill of divorce, i.e., who wrote one common bill of divorce for their wives with a single formula, writing that so-and-so divorces his wife so-and-so, and so-and-so divorces so-and-so, and the witnesses signed below, in this case all of these bills of divorce that were combined into one bill are valid; and the bill must be handed to each and every wife individually, so they will all be divorced by it. If the scribe was writing a separate formula in the bill of divorce for each and every couple, and the witnesses signed below, the formula with which the witnesses’ signatures are read is valid. In other words, the formula directly underneath which they signed is valid, and the others are not valid.",
+ "With regard to two bills of divorce that a scribe wrote on the same paper one next to the other, and the signatures of two Hebrew witnesses, i.e., witnesses who signed in Hebrew from right to left, extend from underneath this bill of divorce on the right to underneath that bill of divorce on the left, and the signatures of two Greek witnesses, i.e., who signed in Greek from left to right, extend from underneath that bill of divorce on the left to underneath this bill of divorce on the right, the bill of divorce with which the names of the first two witnesses are read [nikra’in] is valid. The other bill of divorce is invalid, as it is not considered signed by these witnesses. If one witness signed in Hebrew from right to left, and one witness signed beneath him in Greek from left to right, and underneath that signature one witness signed in Hebrew, and beneath him one witness signed in Greek, with the signatures extending from underneath this bill of divorce to underneath that bill of divorce, both bills of divorce are invalid.",
+ "If a scribe left out part of the bill of divorce and wrote it in the second column, i.e., the bill of divorce is written in two columns on one paper, and the signatures of the witnesses are beneath the second column, it is a valid bill of divorce. If the witnesses signed at the top of the column, on the side, or on the back of an ordinary, non-folded bill of divorce, it is invalid. If the scribe placed the top of this bill of divorce next to the top of that bill of divorce so that both are written in the same column but with the text in opposite directions, and the witnesses signed in the middle, between the bills of divorce, both bills of divorce are invalid. If he placed the end of this bill of divorce next to the end of that bill of divorce, and the witnesses signed in the middle between them, the bill of divorce with which the witnesses’ signatures are read, i.e., the bill that is written in the same direction as the signatures, is valid. If he placed the top of this bill of divorce next to the end of that bill of divorce, and the witnesses signed in the middle, the bill of divorce at the end of which the witnesses are read, i.e., the upper bill of divorce, is valid.",
+ "With regard to a bill of divorce that was written in Hebrew and its witnesses signed in Greek, or that was written in Greek and its witnesses signed in Hebrew, or in which one witness signed in Hebrew and one witness signed in Greek, or if a bill of divorce has the writing of a scribe, and the scribe identifies his handwriting, and one witness verifies his signature, it is valid as though two witnesses testified to ratify their signatures. As for the wording of the signature, if a witness signed: So-and-so, witness, without mentioning his father’s name, it is valid. Similarly, if he did not write his name and instead wrote: Son of so-and-so, witness, it is valid. If he wrote: So-and-so, son of so-and-so, but did not write the word witness, it is valid. And this is what the scrupulous people of Jerusalem would do, i.e., they would sign without the word witness. As for the names of the husband and wife, if the scribe wrote his surname [ḥanikhato] or nickname and her surname or nickname, it is valid. With regard to a bill of divorce that the husband was compelled by the court to write and give his wife, if he was compelled by a Jewish court it is valid, but if he was compelled by gentiles it is invalid. But with regard to gentiles they may beat him at the request of the Jewish court and say to him: Do what the Jews are telling you, and it is a valid divorce.",
+ "If a rumor circulated in the city that an unmarried woman is betrothed, she is considered to be betrothed. Similarly, if a rumor circulated that a married woman is divorced, she is divorced, provided there is no valid alternative explanation [amatla] for the rumor. What is considered a valid explanation? For example, it is a case where there is a rumor that so-and-so divorced his wife but that the bill of divorce was given to her conditionally. It is therefore possible that the condition was not fulfilled and she is not actually divorced. Similarly, if there is a rumor that a woman was betrothed but that the man threw her betrothal, i.e., the money or document of betrothal, to her, and it is uncertain whether it was closer to her and uncertain whether it was closer to him, and therefore the status of their betrothal is likewise uncertain, this is considered a valid explanation.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A man may not divorce his wife unless he finds out about her having engaged in a matter of forbidden sexual intercourse [devar erva], i.e., she committed adultery or is suspected of doing so, as it is stated: “Because he has found some unseemly matter [ervat davar] in her, and he writes her a scroll of severance” (Deuteronomy 24:1). And Beit Hillel say: He may divorce her even due to a minor issue, e.g., because she burned or over-salted his dish, as it is stated: “Because he has found some unseemly matter in her,” meaning that he found any type of shortcoming in her. Rabbi Akiva says: He may divorce her even if he found another woman who is better looking than her and wishes to marry her, as it is stated in that verse: “And it comes to pass, if she finds no favor in his eyes” (Deuteronomy 24:1)."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Gittin",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "An agent who brings a bill of divorce [get] from a husband to his wife from a country overseas, i.e., from outside of Eretz Yisrael to Eretz Yisrael, is required to state the following formula when he hands over the bill of divorce: This bill of divorce was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rabban Gamliel says: Even one who brings a bill of divorce from Rekem or from Ḥeger, which are on the periphery of Eretz Yisrael, must make this declaration. Rabbi Eliezer says: Even one who brings a bill of divorce from the village of Ludim to Lod must also make this declaration, despite the fact that these places are only a short distance apart. The reason is that the village of Ludim was not part of the main area settled by Jews in Eretz Yisrael. And the Rabbis say that one is required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, only if he brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas to Eretz Yisrael, and the same applies to one who delivers a bill of divorce from Eretz Yisrael to a country overseas. And likewise an agent who brings a bill of divorce from one region to another region within the overseas countries is also required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: This halakha applies not only to an agent who brings a bill of divorce from one country to another, but even to one who takes it from one district [hegmonya] to another district in the same country.",
+ "Rabbi Yehuda says: With regard to the borders of Eretz Yisrael, from Rekem eastward is considered to be part of the overseas country, and Rekem itself is like east of Eretz Yisrael, i.e., it is outside of Eretz Yisrael. From Ashkelon southward is outside of Eretz Yisrael, and Ashkelon itself is like south of Eretz Yisrael. Likewise, from Akko northward is outside of Eretz Yisrael, and Akko itself is like north of Eretz Yisrael. Rabbi Meir says: Akko is like Eretz Yisrael with regard to the halakhot of bills of divorce.",
+ "One who brings a bill of divorce from one place to another within Eretz Yisrael is not required to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. And if there are those who contest it, i.e., if the husband objects by saying that the bill of divorce is a forgery, it should be ratified through its signatories. The court must authenticate the signatures of the witnesses in order to ratify the document. With regard to one who brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas and is unable to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, if the bill of divorce has witnesses signed on it, it should be ratified through its signatories. The witnesses themselves or someone who recognizes their signatures should ratify it, in the manner of typical documents.",
+ "Both bills of divorce and bills of manumission are the same with regard to the halakhot of delivering the document from Eretz Yisrael to a country overseas and with regard to bringing it from a country overseas to Eretz Yisrael, i.e., the agents for both types of documents must declare that it was written and signed in their presence, and their statement is accepted. And this is one of the ways in which the halakhot of bills of divorce are equal to the halakhot of bills of manumission.",
+ "Any document that has a Samaritan witness signed on it is invalid, except for bills of divorce and bills of manumission. An incident occurred in which they brought a bill of divorce before Rabban Gamliel in the village of Otnai, and its witnesses were Samaritan witnesses, and he deemed it valid. With regard to all documents produced in gentile courts, even though their signatures are those of gentiles they are all valid, except for bills of divorce and bills of manumission. Rabbi Shimon says: Even these are valid, as these two types of documents are mentioned only when they are prepared by a common person, not in court.",
+ "With regard to one who says to another: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, or: Give this bill of manumission to my slave, if before the document reaches the woman or the slave the giver wishes to retract his decision, then with regard to both of them, he can retract. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: One can retract his decision in the case of bills of divorce but not in the case of bills of manumission. The Rabbis explain the reason for their ruling: This is because one can act in a person’s interest in his absence, and therefore the agent acquires the document on behalf of the slave from the moment the owner hands the bill of manumission to the agent. But one can act to a person’s detriment only in his presence. The receipt of a bill of divorce is considered to be to a woman’s detriment, and therefore an agent cannot receive it for her without her consent. They explain further: The emancipation of a slave is in his interests, despite the fact that he receives sustenance from his master while a slave, as, if the master wishes not to sustain his slave he is allowed not to provide him with sustenance. This demonstrates that slavery is not in the interest of the slave, as he does not receive any guaranteed benefit. But if a husband wishes not to sustain his wife, he is not allowed to proceed in this manner. Consequently, marriage is in the interests of the woman. Rabbi Meir said to the Rabbis: But even so, it is not in the interest of a slave to be emancipated, as, if his master is a priest, he disqualifies his slave from partaking of teruma by emancipating him, just as a husband who is a priest disqualifies his Israelite wife from partaking of teruma by divorcing her. The Rabbis said to him: It is permitted for a priest’s slave to partake of teruma not because he has a right to sustenance, but rather because he is his master’s acquisition. In the case of one who says: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, or: Give this bill of manumission to my slave, and then he dies, one does not give it after his death. The reason for this is that bills of divorce and manumission must be transferred by the husband or the master. Once he has died the document can no longer be given, and the agency he appointed for this purpose is likewise canceled. However, if he said: Give one hundred dinars to so-and-so, and then he died, one does give the recipient the money after his death."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who brings a bill of divorce from a country overseas and says: The bill of divorce was written in my presence but it was not signed in my presence; or if he said: It was signed in my presence but it was not written in my presence; or: All of it was written in my presence and half of it was signed in my presence, i.e., he observed the signing of only one witness; or: Half of it was written in my presence and all of it was signed in my presence, in all these cases the document is invalid. If one agent bringing a bill of divorce says: It was written in my presence, and one other agent says: It was signed in my presence, it is invalid. If two agents say: It was written in our presence, and one says: It was signed in my presence, it is invalid. And Rabbi Yehuda deems the document valid. If one agent says: It was written in my presence, and two agents say: It was signed in our presence, it is valid.",
+ "If a bill of divorce was written during the day and signed on the same day; or if it was written at night and signed on that same night; or if it was written at night and signed on the following day, then it is valid. The new calendar day begins at night, so that in all of these cases the writing and the signing were performed on the same date. However, if it was written during the day and signed on that same night, it is invalid, as the writing and the signing were not on the same calendar day. Rabbi Shimon deems the bill of divorce valid. The mishna explains the ruling of Rabbi Shimon: As Rabbi Shimon would say: All documents that were written during the day and signed at night are invalid because the date recorded in the document is a day prior to the day the document takes effect, except for women’s bills of divorce. Since a bill of divorce is not used to collect money, it is of no concern if the date that appears on it is before the time when it was signed.",
+ "One may write a bill of divorce with any material that can be used for writing: With deyo, with paint [sam], with sikra, with komos, with kankantom or with anything that produces permanent writing. However, one may not write with other liquids, nor with fruit juice, nor with anything that does not produce permanent writing. Similarly, with regard to the document itself, one may write on anything, even on an olive leaf, or on the horn of a cow. And the latter is valid if he gives her the entire cow. Likewise, one may write a bill of divorce on the hand of a slave, and that is valid if he gives her the slave. Rabbi Yosei HaGelili disagrees and says: One may not write a bill of divorce on any living thing, nor may it be written on food.",
+ "One may not write a bill of divorce on anything that is attached to the ground. If one wrote it on something that was attached to the ground, and afterward he detached it, signed it, and gave it to her, then it is valid. Rabbi Yehuda deems a bill of divorce invalid unless its writing and its signing were performed when it was already detached. Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: One may not write a bill of divorce on erased paper or on unfinished leather [diftera], because writing on these surfaces can be forged. And the Rabbis deem valid a bill of divorce that was written on either of these items.",
+ "Anyone is qualified to write a bill of divorce, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. Additionally, a woman may write her own bill of divorce and give it to her husband so that he can present it to her. And a man may write his own receipt, which must be given to him by the woman to confirm that he has paid her the value of her marriage contract. This is because the ratification of a bill of divorce is only through its signatories, and it is irrelevant who wrote it. Anyone is fit to serve as an agent to bring a bill of divorce to a woman except for a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, or a blind person, or a gentile.",
+ "If a minor received the bill of divorce and then reached the age of majority, or one received it when he was a deaf-mute and then became able to hear, or one received it when he was blind and then became able to see, or one received it when he was an imbecile and then became halakhically competent, or one received it when he was a gentile and then converted, in all of these cases he is unfit to bring the bill of divorce. However, if one received it when he was able to hear, and then became a deaf-mute, and then again became able to hear; or if one received it when he was able to see, and then became blind, and then again became able to see; or one received it when he was halakhically competent, and then became an imbecile, and then again became halakhically competent, in all of these cases he is fit to bring the bill of divorce. This is the principle: Anyone who is halakhically competent in the beginning and in the end is fit, even if there was time in the interim when he was unfit.",
+ "There are instances in which a woman’s testimony that another woman’s husband has died is not deemed credible (Yevamot 117a). If there is a presumption that due to their familial relationship the two women hate each other, there is concern that the woman is testifying falsely in order to harm the other woman. By doing so, she can cause the other woman to remarry. If her original husband then proves to be living, she will be required to leave her second husband. This mishna teaches: Even the women who are not deemed credible to testify on behalf of a woman and say: Her husband died, and she is permitted to remarry, are deemed credible to bring her bill of divorce. The relatives of the woman who are not deemed credible to testify that her husband has died are: Her mother-in-law; and her mother-in-law’s daughter; and her rival wife, i.e., another wife of her husband’s; and her yevama, i.e., her husband’s brother’s wife; and her husband’s daughter. The mishna explains: What is the difference between a bill of divorce and death, that certain women are deemed credible to testify about one but not the other? With regard to a bill of divorce, it is so that the writing proves that the husband is divorcing his wife, and the testimony is needed only to supplement the bill of divorce. Similarly, the woman herself may bring her own bill of divorce, provided that she is required by the court to state in its presence: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, as the Gemara will explain."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Any bill of divorce that was not written for the sake of a specific woman is invalid. How so? In a case of a man who was passing through the marketplace and heard the sound of scribes who write bills of divorce dictating the text to their students: The man so-and-so divorces so-and-so from the place of such and such; and the man said: This is my name and that is the name of my wife, and he wishes to use this bill for his divorce, this bill is unfit for him to divorce his wife with it, as it was not written for the sake of any woman. Moreover, if one wrote a bill of divorce with which to divorce his wife but later reconsidered, and a resident of his town found him and said to him: My name is the same as your name, and my wife’s name is the same as your wife’s name, and we reside in the same town; give me the bill of divorce and I will use it; the bill of divorce is unfit for the second man to divorce his wife with it. Moreover, if one had two wives and their names were identical, and he wrote a bill of divorce to divorce the older one and then reconsidered, he may not divorce the younger one with it. Moreover, if he said to the scribe: Write a bill of divorce for whichever one of them that I will want and I will divorce her with it, this bill of divorce is unfit for him to divorce either wife with it.",
+ "With regard to a scribe who writes the standard part [tofes] of bills of divorce in advance, so that when one requests a bill of divorce, he will need to add only the details unique to this case, he must leave empty the place in the bill of divorce for the name of the man, and the place for the name of the woman, and the place for the date. If a scribe writes the standard part of loan documents, he must leave empty the place of the name of the lender, the place of the name of the borrower, the place of the amount of the money being loaned, and the place of the date. If the scribe writes the standard part of documents of sale of land, he must leave empty the place for the name of the purchaser, and the place for the name of the seller, the place for the amount of the money for which the land is being purchased, the place for the description of the field that is being purchased, and the place of the date when the sale occurs. This is necessary due to the ordinance, as the Gemara will explain. Rabbi Yehuda invalidates all of these documents if their standard parts were written in advance. Rabbi Elazar deems all of them valid except for bills of divorce, as it is stated in the Torah: “And he writes for her” (Deuteronomy 24:1), indicating that he must write the bill of divorce for her sake. Therefore, one may not write even the standard part of the bill of divorce in advance, as that would not qualify as writing the bill of divorce for her sake.",
+ "With regard to an agent who brings a bill of divorce and it was lost from him, if he finds it immediately then the bill of divorce is valid. But if not, then it is invalid, as it is possible that the bill of divorce that he found is not the same one that he lost, and this second bill of divorce belongs to someone else whose name and wife’s name are identical to the names of the husband and wife in the lost bill of divorce. However, if he found it in a ḥafisa or in a deluskema that he knows is his, or if he recognizes the actual bill of divorce, then it is valid. In the case of an agent who brings a bill of divorce to a woman, and when he had left the husband was elderly or sick, the agent gives her the bill of divorce based on the presumption that the husband is still alive, and there is no concern that in the meantime he has died, thereby canceling the bill of divorce. Similarly, with regard to an Israelite woman who is married to a priest and may therefore partake of teruma, and her husband went to a country overseas, she may continue to partake of teruma based on the presumption that her husband is still alive. Similarly, in the case of one who sends his sin-offering from a country overseas, the priests may offer it on the altar based on the presumption that the one who sent it is still alive.",
+ "Rabbi Elazar ben Perata said three statements before the Sages as testimony from previous generations, and they upheld his statements: He spoke concerning the residents of a town that was surrounded by a camp of besiegers [karkom]; and concerning the travelers in a ship that is cast about in the sea; and concerning one who is going out to be judged in a capital case; that they are all presumed to be alive. However, concerning the residents of a town that was conquered by a camp of besiegers; and the travelers on a ship that was lost at sea; and one who is going out to be executed after receiving his verdict; in these cases one applies to them the stringencies of the living and the stringencies of the dead. How so? An Israelite woman married to a priest in one of these situations or a daughter of a priest married to an Israelite in one of these situations may not partake of teruma. The first woman may not do so because she may partake of teruma only while her husband is alive, and the second may not do so because she may partake of teruma only if he has died.",
+ "With regard to an agent who brings a bill of divorce in Eretz Yisrael, where his only responsibility is to transmit the bill of divorce to the wife, and the agent became sick, this agent may send it in the possession of another agent. But if the husband said to the agent: When you transmit the bill of divorce to my wife, take for me such and such an item from her that I left with her as a deposit, then he may not send it in the possession of another agent. This is because it is assumed that it is not the desire of the husband that his deposit be in the possession of another person whom he did not appoint as his agent.",
+ "With regard to an agent who is bringing a bill of divorce from a country overseas, who must attest to the fact that he witnessed the writing and signing of the bill of divorce, and he became sick and cannot complete his agency, he appoints another agent in court and sends him. And the first agent says before the court: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, and on the basis of this the court deems the bill of divorce to be valid. And the final agent does not need to say: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence. Rather, it is sufficient that he says: I am an agent of the court.",
+ "The mishna continues the discussion of the presumption that a person remains alive. With regard to one who lends money to a priest, or to a Levite, or to a poor person, with the understanding that he will separate their portion of the teruma and tithes from his produce on the basis of that money, i.e., he will subtract from the debt owed by the priest or Levite the value of the teruma and tithes separated from the produce, he may separate the teruma and tithes from his produce on the basis of that money with the presumption that they are still alive, and he need not be concerned that perhaps the priest or the Levite died in the interim, or that the poor person became rich and is no longer eligible to be given the poor man’s tithe. The priest or Levite benefits from this arrangement, as he receives his gifts up front in the form of a loan. The Israelite benefits in that he does not need to seek out a priest or Levite each time he has produce from which he must separate teruma and tithes. If in fact they died, then he must obtain permission from the heirs in order to continue the arrangement. However, if he lent money to the deceased, and he stipulated in the presence of the court that the debt would be repaid in this manner, then he does not need to obtain permission from the heirs.",
+ "With regard to one who sets aside produce with the understanding that he will separate terumot and tithes with it, so that when he has untithed produce he can render it fit by declaring that the teruma and tithes that must be separated will be from the produce that he had set aside for this purpose, or one who sets aside money with the understanding that he will separate and to redeem second tithe with it, then he may later separate the teruma or tithe with them, based on the presumption that the produce or the money are extant. He need not be concerned that perhaps the produce or money was lost in the meantime. If he discovers that they were lost, then he must be concerned that the produce or money that he set aside was lost, from the time until the same time, as will be explained in the Gemara, and he must separate teruma and tithes from the produce a second time; this is the statement of Rabbi Elazar. Rabbi Yehuda says: One checks the wine that is set aside to be used for separating terumot and tithes for other wine to see if it has turned to vinegar, which would render it unfit for this purpose, at three times during the year: When the east wind blows at the conclusion of the festival of Sukkot, and when the blossoms fall and the grape buds emerge and appear as small clusters, and at the time when water enters and fills the unripe grape. Since there is a change in the weather at these times, one should check to ensure that the wine has not turned to vinegar."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who sends a bill of divorce to his wife with an agent, and he reached the agent, or where he sent another agent after him, and he said to the agent delivering the bill of divorce: The bill of divorce that I gave you, it is void, then this bill of divorce is hereby void. Similarly, if the husband reached his wife before the bill of divorce reached her, or in a case where he sent an agent to her, and he said, or had the agent say, to his wife: The bill of divorce that I sent to you, it is void, then this bill of divorce is hereby void. However, if he stated this once the bill of divorce had entered her possession, he can no longer render it void, as the divorce had already taken effect.",
+ "The mishna relates that initially, a husband who wished to render the bill of divorce void would convene a court elsewhere and render the bill of divorce void in the presence of the court before it reached his wife. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted an ordinance that one should not do this, for the betterment of the world. The Gemara will explain what this means. Initially, the husband would change his name and her name, from the names by which they were known where they formerly lived to the names by which they were known where the bill of divorce was written, and write the name of his city and the name of her city. One was not required to list all of the names by which the husband and the wife were known, but only the names in the place where the bill of divorce was being written. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted that the scribe should write in the bill of divorce: The man so-and-so, and any other name that he has, and: The woman so-and-so, and any other name that she has. The reason for this ordinance was for the betterment of the world, as perhaps the people of a different city would not recognize the name written in the bill of divorce, and would claim that this bill of divorce does not belong to her.",
+ "A widow can collect payment of her marriage contract from the property of orphans only by means of an oath that she did not receive any part of the payment of the marriage contract during her husband’s lifetime. The mishna relates: The courts refrained from administering an oath to her, leaving the widow unable to collect payment of her marriage contract. Rabban Gamliel the Elder instituted that she should take, for the benefit of the orphans, any vow that the orphans wished to administer to her, e.g., that all produce will become prohibited to her if she received any payment of her marriage contract, and after stating this vow, she collects payment of her marriage contract. The mishna lists additional ordinances that were instituted for the betterment of the world: The witnesses sign their names on the bill of divorce, even though the bill of divorce is valid without their signatures, for the betterment of the world, as the Gemara will explain. And Hillel instituted a document that prevents the Sabbatical Year from abrogating an outstanding debt [prosbol] for the betterment of the world, as the Gemara will explain.",
+ "In the case of a Canaanite slave that was captured, and Jews who had not owned him redeemed him, if he was redeemed to be a slave then he will be a slave. If he was redeemed to be a freeman then he will not be a slave. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Both in this case and in that case he will be a slave. In the case of a slave whose master set him aside as designated repayment [apoteiki] of a debt to other people from whom he borrowed money, and afterward he emancipated him, then according to the letter of the law the slave bears no responsibility for the debt. However, for the betterment of the world, his master is forced to make him a freeman, and the slave writes a promissory note for his value to pay the debt to the creditor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He does not write a promissory note; he only emancipates the slave.",
+ "In the case of one who is a half-slave half-freeman because only one of his two owners emancipated him, he serves his master one day and serves himself one day; this is the statement of Beit Hillel. Beit Shammai say: Through such an arrangement you have remedied his master, as his master loses nothing through this. However, you have not remedied the slave himself, as the slave himself remains in an unsustainable situation. It is not possible for him to marry a maidservant because he is already a half-freeman, as it is prohibited for a freeman to marry a maidservant. It is also not possible for him to marry a free woman, as he is still a half-slave. If you say he should be idle and not marry, but isn’t it true that the world was created only for procreation, as it is stated: “He did not create it to be a waste; He formed it to be inhabited” (Isaiah 45:18)? Rather, for the betterment of the world his master is forced to make him a freeman, and the slave writes a promissory note accepting his responsibility to pay half his value to his master. And Beit Hillel ultimately retracted their opinion, to rule in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai, that a half-slave must be set free.",
+ "In a case of one who sells his slave to gen-tiles, or even to a Jew outside of Eretz Yisrael, the slave is emancipated. Since the slave, who is partially obligated in the fulfillment of mitzvot, would be restricted in his ability to fulfill them in his new situation, either because he would be under the authority of a gentile or because he will no longer be in Eretz Yisrael, the Sages penalized his original owner that he should become a freeman, so that if he succeeds in escaping his new owner, he is a full-fledged freeman. The captives are not redeemed for more than their actual monetary value, for the betterment of the world; and one may not aid the captives in their attempt to escape from their captors for the betterment of the world, so that kidnappers will not be more restrictive with their captives to prevent them from escaping. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: For the betterment of the captives, so that kidnappers will not avenge the escape of the captives by treating other captives with cruelty. And Torah scrolls, phylacteries, or mezuzot are not purchased from the gentiles when they acquire these objects, if they request more than their actual monetary value, for the betterment of the world, so as not to cause an increase in the theft of sacred Jewish ritual objects in order to sell them for large sums of money.",
+ "A man who divorces his wife due to her bad reputation, i.e., he heard that she had committed adultery, may not remarry her, even if it becomes clear that she did not in fact commit adultery. Similarly, if one divorces his wife due to a vow that she took, and he could not live with her under the conditions of her vow, he may not remarry her. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he divorces her due to any vow that the public was aware of, he may not remarry her, but if he divorces her due to a vow that the public was not aware of, he may remarry her. The mishna continues: Rabbi Meir says: If he divorces her due to any vow that requires investigation and dissolution by a halakhic authority, he may not bring remarry her, but if he divorces her due to a vow that does not require investigation and dissolution by a halakhic authority, and is dissolved even without that, he may bring remarry her. Rabbi Elazar said: They prohibited him from remarrying her in this case, where she stated a vow that requires dissolution by a halakhic authority, only due to that case, where she stated a vow that does not require dissolution by a halakhic authority. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, said: There was an incident in Tzaidan involving one man who said to his wife: It is konam, i.e., it is forbidden like an offering, if I do not divorce you, and he divorced her; and the Sages permitted him to remarry her for the betterment of the world.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife because she is a sexually underdeveloped woman who is incapable of bearing children [ailonit], meaning that after their marriage it became clear that she was sexually underdeveloped, Rabbi Yehuda says: He may not remarry her, and the Rabbis say: He may remarry her. If, after he divorced her, this ailonit married another man and had children from him, meaning that she was not actually an ailonit, and she is demanding payment of her marriage contract from her first husband, claiming that he unlawfully divorced her without paying her marriage contract as he claimed that she was an ailonit and their marriage was a mistaken transaction, Rabbi Yehuda said that he may say to her: Your silence is preferable to your speech, meaning that it is preferable for her to withdraw her claim. If she persists, he may say that he divorced her only because he believed her to be an ailonit, casting aspersions on the validity of the divorce and the status of her children. Therefore, it would be wise of her to withdraw her claim.",
+ "With regard to one who sells himself and his children as slaves to gentiles, he is not redeemed, but the children are redeemed after their father’s death, as there is no reason to penalize them. One who sells his field to a gentile must purchase and bring the first fruits from the field that he sold, for the betterment of the world."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The court appraises land of superior quality [iddit] for payment to injured parties. And a creditor collects his debt from the debtor’s intermediate-quality land. And payment of a woman’s marriage contract is collected from her husband’s inferior-quality land. Rabbi Meir says: Payment of a woman’s marriage contract is also collected from intermediate-quality land.",
+ "Payment of a debt or other obligation is not collected from liened property that has been sold to a third party when the debtor still has unsold property, even when this unsold property is inferior-quality land. The creditor cannot collect his debt from liened property that the debtor has sold to another person as long as the debtor is still in possession of other property, even if the remaining assets are inferior to those to which the creditor would otherwise have been entitled. If one who owed money died and his children inherited his property, the father’s debt can be collected from the property of the orphans only from inferior-quality land.",
+ "The court does not appropriate liened property that has been sold to a third party for the consumption of produce or for the enhanced value of land. If one appropriated a field and sold it, and the buyer worked the land, enhanced it, and grew produce on it, and then the initial owner from whom the field had been stolen took back the land and the produce from the buyer, compensating him only for his expenses, then the buyer may go back to the seller, i.e., the robber, and collect his losses. He can collect the purchase price of the field even from property that the robber sold to another person. By contrast, the value of the produce and the enhancement in the value of the field, which resulted from his actions, may be collected only from the robber’s unsold property. And similarly, payment for the sustenance of a man’s wife and daughters cannot be collected from his liened property. One of the stipulations included in a marriage contract is that after the husband dies, his widow and daughters are entitled to sustenance from his estate. This sustenance cannot be collected from husband’s liened property that has been sold to another person, but only from his unsold property inherited by his heirs. All of these enactments were made for the betterment of the world. And it was further instituted that one who finds a lost item and returns it to its rightful owner is not required to take an oath that he did not keep any part of the lost item for himself. This ordinance was also instituted for the betterment of the world.",
+ "With regard to orphans who are living with a homeowner who takes care of all their needs and affairs, even if neither their father nor the court officially appointed him to this task, or if their father appointed a steward [apotropos] for them, this person is obligated to tithe their produce. With regard to a steward who was appointed by the orphans’ father, when he returns all of the property to the orphans upon their reaching adulthood, he takes an oath that he took nothing of theirs for himself. By contrast, if the court appointed him to serve as a steward for them, then he is not required to take such an oath. Abba Shaul says: The matters are reversed. A steward appointed by the court takes an oath, but a steward appointed by the orphans’ father is not required to do so. With regard to one who renders another’s food ritually impure, or one who mixes teruma with another’s non-sacred produce, or one who pours another’s wine as a libation before an idol, in each of these cases causing the other a monetary loss, if he acted unintentionally, he is exempt from paying for the damage. If he acted intentionally, he is liable to pay. If priests disqualified an offering with improper intention in the Temple, by expressing, while sacrificing the offering, the intention of sprinkling the blood of the offering, burning its fats on the altar, or consuming it, after its appointed time, and they did so intentionally, they are liable to pay the value of the offering to its owner, who must now bring another offering.",
+ "Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda testified before the Sages about the case of a deaf-mute woman who was married off by her father when she was a minor, so that her marriage took effect by Torah law. He said that she can be released from her marriage through a bill of divorce, whether as a minor or after she reaches adulthood. Although as a deaf-mute woman she is not legally competent to give her consent, the divorce is effective because divorce does not require the woman’s consent. And similarly, he testified about the case of the minor daughter of a non-priest who was orphaned from her father and then married off to a priest by her mother or brother, so that her marriage took effect by rabbinic law. He said that nevertheless she may partake of teruma, although by Torah law it is prohibited for one who is not in a priestly household to partake of teruma. And furthermore if this girl dies, then her husband inherits her estate. It is not said that because the validity of the marriage is by rabbinic law and not Torah law he is not entitled to inherit from her. And Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda further testified about a stolen beam that was already built into a large building [bira], that the victim of the robbery receives only the value of the beam but not the beam itself, due to an ordinance instituted for the penitent. By Torah law, a robber is obligated to return any stolen item in his possession, provided that its form has not been altered. If one stole a beam and incorporated it into a building, then by Torah law he would have to destroy the building and return the beam. In order to encourage repentance, the Sages were lenient and allowed a robber to return the value of the beam. And lastly, Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda testified about a sin-offering that was obtained through robbery but that was not publicly known to have been obtained in that manner. He said that it effects atonement for the robber who sacrifices it, for the benefit of the altar, as will be explained in the Gemara.",
+ "The law of Sicarii [Sikarikon] did not apply in Judea in the time that people were being killed in the war. From the time that people were being killed in the war and onward, the law of Sicarii did apply there. What is this law of Sicarii? If one first purchased land from a Sicarius, who extorted the field from its prior owners with threats, and afterward the buyer returned and purchased the same field a second time from the prior landowner, his purchase is void. The prior owner of the field can say that he did not actually mean to sell him the field. By contrast, if he first acquired the field from the prior owner and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from a Sicarius, his purchase stands. Similarly, if one first purchased from the husband the rights to use a field belonging to his wife, and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from the wife, so that if the husband were to predecease or divorce her, the purchaser would then own it fully, his purchase is void. The woman can claim that she did not wish to quarrel with her husband and to object to the transaction but that in truth she did not agree to the sale. By contrast, if he first acquired the field from the wife, and afterward he returned and purchased the same field from the husband, his purchase stands. This is the initial version of this mishna. Later, the court of those who came after the Sages who composed that mishna said: With regard to one who purchased a field from a Sicarius, he must give the prior owner one-fourth of the field’s value. When does this apply? At a time when the prior owner is unable to purchase the field himself. But if he is able to purchase it himself, he precedes anyone else. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi later convened a court, and they counted their votes and determined that if the field remained before, i.e., in the possession of, the Sicarius for twelve months, whoever first purchases the field acquires possession of it, but he must give the prior owner one-fourth of the field’s value.",
+ "The following enactments were also made for the betterment of the world: A deaf-mute may express his wishes through gestures [romez]; that is to say, he can signal that he wishes to buy or sell a certain item, and the purchase or sale is valid. And similarly he may respond to others through gestures; that is to say, he can signal that he agrees to a transaction initiated by another party, and the transaction is valid. And ben Beteira says: Signals are not necessary, as even if he expresses his wishes to buy or sell through lip movements [kofetz] or responds to others through lip movements, the transaction is valid. These halakhot apply to transactions involving movable property. It was similarly enacted that a purchase made by young children [paotot] is a valid purchase, and a sale made by them is a valid sale. These halakhot apply to transactions involving movable property.",
+ "Having mentioned a series of enactments instituted by the Sages for the sake of the betterment of the world, the Gemara continues: These are the matters that the Sages instituted on account of the ways of peace, i.e., to foster peace and prevent strife and controversy: At public readings of the Torah, a priest reads first, and after him a Levite, and after him an Israelite. The Sages instituted this order on account of the ways of peace, so that people should not quarrel about who is the most distinguished member of the community. Similarly, the Sages enacted that a joining of courtyards is placed in an old house where it had regularly been placed on account of the ways of peace, as will be explained in the Gemara. The Sages enacted that the pit that is nearest to the irrigation channel that supplies water to several pits or fields is filled first on account of the ways of peace. They established a fixed order for the irrigation of fields, so that people would not quarrel over who is given precedence. Animals, birds, or fish that were caught in traps are not acquired by the one who set the traps until he actually takes possession of them. Nevertheless, if another person comes and takes them, it is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. Similarly, a lost item found by a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor is not acquired by him, since he lacks the legal competence to effect acquisition. Nevertheless, taking such an item from him is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. If a poor person gleans olives at the top of an olive tree and olives fall to the ground under the tree, then taking those olives that are beneath it is considered robbery on account of the ways of peace. Rabbi Yosei says: This is full-fledged robbery. One does not protest against poor gentiles who come to take gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the produce in the corner of the field, which is given to the poor [pe’a], although they are meant exclusively for the Jewish poor, on account of the ways of peace.",
+ "A woman may lend utensils to her friend who is suspect with regard to eating produce that grew in the Sabbatical Year after the time that such produce must be removed from the house and may no longer be eaten. The utensils that she may lend her include: A winnow, a sieve, a mill, and an oven. Lending her such utensils is not considered aiding in the commission of a transgression. But she may not select the grain from the chaff or grind wheat with her, i.e., she may not actively assist her in the performance of a sin. The wife of a ḥaver, one who is devoted to the meticulous observance of mitzvot, especially the halakhot of ritual purity, teruma, and tithes, may lend the wife of an am ha’aretz, one who is not scrupulous in these areas, a winnow and a sieve, and she may even select, grind, and sift with her. But once the wife of the am ha’aretz pours water into the flour, thereby rendering it susceptible to ritual impurity, the wife of the ḥaver may not touch anything with her, because one may not assist those who commit transgressions. And all of the allowances mentioned in the mishna were stated only on account of the ways of peace. And one may assist gentiles who work the land during the Sabbatical Year, but one may not assist Jews who do this. Similarly, one may extend greetings to gentiles on account of the ways of peace."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who says to another: Receive this bill of divorce for my wife, or: Deliver this bill of divorce to my wife as my agent, if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until the document reaches his wife’s possession. However, in the case of a woman who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, and the husband handed the bill of divorce to her agent, if the husband seeks to retract his decision to divorce his wife upon receipt of the bill of divorce by the agent, he cannot retract it. Once the bill of divorce is transferred to her agent, its legal status is like that of a bill of divorce that was handed directly to her, and the divorce takes effect immediately. Therefore, if the husband said to the agent whom the woman designated to receive the bill of divorce: I do not want [ee ifshi] for you to receive the bill of divorce for her; rather, deliver it and give it to her, then if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until it reaches his wife’s possession. Since the husband does not agree to have the divorce take effect upon receipt by his wife’s agent, he changes the designation of the agent and designates him as his own agent for delivery. Therefore, the divorce takes effect only when the bill of divorce reaches his wife’s possession. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Even a woman who did not instruct the agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me but says: Take my bill of divorce for me, thereby designates the agent as an agent of receipt on her behalf. Therefore, if after handing the bill of divorce to the agent the husband seeks to retract his decision and cancel the agency, he cannot retract it.",
+ "A woman who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, requires two sets of witnesses to confirm that she was divorced when the agent received the bill of divorce. She requires two witnesses who say: In our presence she said to the agent: Receive my bill of divorce on my behalf, and two who say: In our presence the agent received the bill of divorce and tore it. This testimony is effective even if two people are the first pair of witnesses and the same two are the latter pair of witnesses, or if there is one witness from the first pair of witnesses and one witness from the latter pair, and one additional witness joins with them as the second witness in both testimonies. With regard to a betrothed young woman, she and her father are each eligible to receive her bill of divorce, and the divorce takes effect at the moment that either of them receives the bill of divorce. Rabbi Yehuda said: Two hands do not have the right to acquire an item on behalf of one person as one. Rather, her father alone receives her bill of divorce on her behalf. And there is another principle: Any female who is unable to safeguard her bill of divorce is unable to be divorced.",
+ "In the case of a minor girl who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, it is not a valid bill of divorce until the bill of divorce reaches her possession. Therefore, if the husband seeks to retract his decision before his wife receives the bill of divorce, he can retract it, as a minor does not designate an agent. Consequently, the agent is not an agent for receipt, and the divorce does not take effect when the husband hands the document to the agent. The agent is an agent for delivery, and the divorce takes effect when the bill of divorce enters the wife’s possession. And if her father said to the agent: Go out and receive my daughter’s bill of divorce on her behalf, then if the husband seeks to retract his decision, he cannot retract it. As a father can receive the bill of divorce on behalf of his minor daughter, he can designate an agent for receipt, and the divorce takes effect when the husband hands the document to the agent. With regard to one who says to an agent: Give this bill of divorce to my wife in such and such a place, if the agent deviated and gave it to her in another place the divorce is invalid. However, if he said to the agent: Give this bill of divorce to my wife, she is in such and such a place, without explicitly instructing the agent to give her the document there, and he gave it to her in another place the divorce is valid. With regard to the woman who when designating her agent for receipt said to her agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me in such and such a place, and he received it for her in another place, the divorce is invalid; and Rabbi Elazar deems it valid. If she said to him: Bring me my bill of divorce from such and such a place, and he brought it for her from another place, it is valid. Because he is an agent for delivery, the woman is not particular where he receives the bill of divorce, as the divorce takes effect only when the bill of divorce reaches her possession.",
+ "An Israelite woman married to a priest partakes of teruma. If she says to an agent: Bring me my bill of divorce, designating him as an agent for delivery, she continues to partake of teruma until the bill of divorce reaches her possession. However, if she says: Receive my bill of divorce for me, thereby designating him as an agent for receipt, it is immediately prohibited for her to partake of teruma. Since the divorce takes effect when the husband hands the bill of divorce to the agent, the concern is that the agent encountered the husband nearby. If the woman said to the agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me in such and such a place, then even if he received it elsewhere, she continues to partake of teruma until the bill of divorce reaches that place. Rabbi Elazar prohibits her from partaking of teruma immediately.",
+ "With regard to a husband who says to two people: Write a bill of divorce and give it to my wife, or: Divorce her, or: Write a letter and give it to her, they should write the document and give it to her. In each of those cases his intent is clear. He is instructing them to effect her divorce. However, one who said: Release her, or: Sustain her, or: Treat her according to the law [nimus], or: Treat her appropriately, said nothing, as none of these expressions clearly expresses his desire to divorce his wife. At first the Sages would say: In the case of one who is taken out in a neck chain [kolar] to be executed and who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, these people should write the document and give it to his wife even though there was no explicit instruction to give it to her. They then said: Even with regard to one who sets sail and one who departs in a caravan to a far-off place and says: Write a bill of divorce to my wife, his intention is to write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: Even if one who is dangerously ill gives that instruction, they write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife.",
+ "With regard to one who was thrown into a pit and thought that he would die there, and he said that anyone who hears his voice should write a bill of divorce for his wife, and he specified his name, her name, and all relevant details, those who hear him should write this bill of divorce and give it to his wife, even though they do not see the man and do not know him. A healthy man who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, but did not say to give it to her, presumably sought to mock her. Since he told them to write the bill of divorce and not to give it, it is not a valid bill of divorce. The mishna relates: There was an incident involving a healthy man who said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, and then ascended to the roof and fell, and died. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: If he fell at his own initiative, taking his own life, it is a valid bill of divorce, as it is clear that he anticipated his death and instructed those listening to write the bill of divorce with the intent of giving it to her. However, if the wind forced him to fall, it is not a valid bill of divorce, as there was no clear intent to give her the bill of divorce. ",
+ "If a man said to two people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, or if a man said to three people: Write a bill of divorce and give it to my wife, these people should write the document themselves and give it to her. If he said to three people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, these people should tell others, and those others will write the document, because he designated the three people as a court. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And it is that halakha that Rabbi Ḥanina of Ono brought up from prison in the name of Rabbi Akiva, who was incarcerated there: I received a tradition from my teachers that in a case where a man says to three people: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, that these people should tell others and those others will write the document, because he designated the three people as a court. Rabbi Yosei said: We said [nomeinu] to the agent, Rabbi Ḥanina of Ono: We too received a tradition. However, it is a different one, that even if a man said to the High Court [Sanhedrin] in Jerusalem: Give a bill of divorce to my wife, that the members of the court should learn to write, and should write the document themselves, and give it to his wife. If a man said to ten people: Write and give a bill of divorce to my wife, one of the ten writes the bill of divorce and two sign it. If he said: All of you write the document, one of them writes the bill of divorce and all of them sign it. Therefore, if one of them died, then this is a bill of divorce that is null and void, as he directed all of them to participate in the process."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who was afflicted with temporary insanity [kordeyakos] and said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, he said nothing, because he was not lucid at the time. If he said: Write a bill of divorce for my wife, when he was lucid, and was then afflicted with temporary insanity and he retracted his previous statement and said: Do not write it, his latter statement is considered to be nothing, i.e., it is not halakhically valid. The mishna continues: In a case where the husband became mute, and two people said to him: Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife, and he nodded his head indicating his agreement, they examine him with various questions three times. If he responded to questions that have a negative answer: No, and responded to questions that have a positive answer: Yes, indicating his competence, they shall write the bill of divorce and give it to his wife based on the nod of his head.",
+ "If people said to the husband: Shall we write a bill of divorce for your wife? And he said to them: Write the document, and those people told the scribe to write it, and he wrote it and instructed the witnesses to sign it, and they signed it; even if they wrote it, and signed it, and gave it to him, and he then gave it to his wife, the bill of divorce is void unless he himself says to the scribe: Write the document, and he himself says to the witnesses: Sign the document.",
+ "If one says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce if I die from this illness, or: This is your bill of divorce after my death, then it is as if he said nothing, since a bill of divorce is valid only if it takes effect before the husband’s death. But if the husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce from now if I die, then this is a valid bill of divorce, because once he dies, the bill of divorce retroactively applies from when he made this statement. If the husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today and after my death, then it is uncertain whether his primary intention was for the bill of divorce to take effect that day, in which case it is a valid bill of divorce, or if his primary intention was that it should take effect after his death and is therefore not valid. The halakha is that there is uncertainty whether it is a valid bill of divorce or not a valid bill of divorce. And if he dies without children his wife must perform ḥalitza, since perhaps the bill of divorce is not valid and she is bound by the levirate bond and may not remarry without first performing ḥalitza. But she may not enter into levirate marriage, since perhaps the bill of divorce is valid, and it is prohibited for a divorcée to marry her brother-in-law. If he said: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die from this illness, and he recovered, and he arose and walked in the market, but then became ill again and died, the court assesses him. If he died because of the first illness then this is a valid bill of divorce, as his conditional statement was fulfilled, but if not, i.e., if he was cured from the first illness and died from another illness, then it is not a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a woman’s ill husband gave her a bill of divorce, and made a condition that it should take effect from today if he dies from his illness, then she may be secluded with him only in the presence of two witnesses, lest they end up engaging in sexual intercourse. This applies to being secluded in the presence of not only valid witnesses; it is permitted for her to be secluded with him even in the presence of a slave or even in the presence of a maidservant, except for the wife’s personal maidservant. And it is prohibited for the wife to be secluded in the presence of the latter because she is accustomed to her maidservant, and there is concern that she will engage in sexual intercourse with her husband even though the maidservant is present. What is the halakhic status of the wife during these days between when the bill of divorce was given but before the condition has been fulfilled with the death of the husband? Rabbi Yehuda says: She is like a married woman with regard to all of her matters, and she remains forbidden to other men. Rabbi Yosei says: It is uncertain whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me two hundred dinars, then she is divorced and must give two hundred dinars in order to fulfill the condition of the bill of divorce. If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me money from now until the conclusion of thirty days, if she gives the money to him within thirty days she is divorced. And if not she is not divorced. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: There was an incident in the city of Tzaidan involving one who said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will give me my coat [itztaliti], and she lost his coat, so that she could not give it to him. And the Rabbis said that she must give him the value of the coat, and by doing so she fulfills the condition and is divorced.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will serve my father, or: On the condition that you will nurse, i.e., breastfeed, my son, without specifying a time period, how long is she required to nurse him in order to fulfill the condition? She is required to nurse the baby for two years from his birth, which is the length of time generally designated for nursing. Rabbi Yehuda says: The time for nursing is only eighteen months. If the baby son died or the husband’s father died, this is a valid bill of divorce, even though the condition was not fulfilled. But if the husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you will serve my father for two years, or: On the condition that you will nurse my son for two years, and the son died before she nursed him for two years, or the father said: I do not want you to serve me, then even if the father did not say this in anger and she did everything she was expected to do, it is not a valid bill of divorce because the condition was not fulfilled. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: In a case like this it is a valid bill of divorce. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel stated a principle: If there is any hindrance to the fulfillment of the condition that does not result from her, then it is a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a resident of the region of Judea intending to embark on a journey to the Galilee said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and when he was going from Judea to the Galilee he reached Antipatris and he returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently returns to the Galilee for longer than thirty days. The reason for this is because he reached the Galilee and returned to Judea within the time he had allotted. Similarly, if a resident of the region of the Galilee intending to embark on a journey to Judea said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and he was going from the Galilee to Judea, and he reached Kefar Otnai and returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently returns to Judea for longer than thirty days. Similarly, if a resident of Eretz Yisrael intending to embark on a journey to a country overseas said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of thirty days, and he was going to a country overseas, and he reached Akko and returned immediately, his condition is void and his wife is not divorced, even if he subsequently travels to a country overseas for longer than thirty days. If a husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if at any time I will depart from your presence for thirty consecutive days, then even if he was continually going and coming, going and coming, since he was not secluded with her during these thirty days, this is a valid bill of divorce.",
+ "If a husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and he died within twelve months, it is not a valid bill of divorce. This is because the bill of divorce cannot take effect after the husband’s death. As a result, she is bound by a levirate bond if her husband has no children. By contrast, if he said to her: This is your bill of divorce from now if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and he died within twelve months, this is a valid bill of divorce. This is because the bill of divorce takes effect retroactively. Since he did not return within the year the condition was fulfilled.",
+ "If a husband said to others: If I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, write and give a bill of divorce to my wife, and they wrote a bill of divorce during the twelve months and gave it to her after twelve months had elapsed, it is not a valid bill of divorce because he instructed them to write the bill of divorce only after twelve months had elapsed. Similarly, if he said to others: Write and give a bill of divorce to my wife if I do not come back from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and they wrote it during the twelve months but gave it to her after the twelve months, it is not a valid bill of divorce because he instructed them to write the bill of divorce only after twelve months had elapsed, when it was clear that he did not come back. Rabbi Yosei disagrees and says: In a case like this, it is a valid bill of divorce, as he did not tell them when to write the bill of divorce. Rather, he stipulated only the time of giving. If they wrote the bill of divorce after twelve months had elapsed, and gave it after twelve months had elapsed, but in the interim the husband died, if the giving of the bill of divorce occurred before the husband’s death this is a valid bill of divorce. But if the husband’s death occurred before the giving of the bill of divorce it is not a valid bill of divorce. And if it is not known which occurred first, this is a case where the Sages said there is uncertainty whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In a case of one who throws a bill of divorce to his wife, and she is in her house or in her courtyard at the time, then she is divorced as though he placed the bill of divorce in her hand. If he threw it to her in his house or in his courtyard, even if the bill of divorce is with her in the bed, she is not divorced. If he threw the bill of divorce into her lap, or into her basket [kaltah], she is divorced, even if she was in her husband’s house at the time.",
+ "If he said to his wife: Take this promissory note, and it was a bill of divorce, or she found it behind him and he did not tell her what it was but she reads what is written in it and discovers that it is her bill of divorce, it is not a valid bill of divorce until he says to her: This is your bill of divorce. If he gave it to her in her hand and she was sleeping, and he then woke her, and when she reads what is written in it, she finds that it is her bill of divorce, it is not a valid bill of divorce until he says to her: This is your bill of divorce. If the woman was standing in the public domain and her husband took the bill of divorce and threw it to her, if it fell closer to her, she is divorced, and if it fell closer to him, she is not divorced. If it is equally balanced, there is uncertainty as to whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced. ",
+ "And the same halakhot apply with regard to betrothal. And the same halakhot apply with regard to a debt. If his creditor said to him: Throw the payment for my debt to me, and he threw it to him and the money fell closer to the creditor, the creditor acquired the payment. The debtor is absolved of his obligation to pay even if the money did not reach the creditor’s hand, e.g., it was stolen or lost after it was thrown and before the creditor was able to take it. If it fell closer to the debtor and the money was lost, the debtor is still obligated to pay. If it was equally balanced and was lost, the two of them divide it, i.e., the debtor owes half of the amount. If a woman was standing on top of the roof and her husband was standing below, and he threw a bill of divorce to her, once the bill of divorce reaches the airspace of the roof, she is divorced. If he was above on the roof and she was below, and he threw it to her, once it leaves the area of the roof, even if the wording was erased or the document was burned before it fell to the ground, she is divorced.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A man may send, i.e., divorce, his wife with an outdated bill of divorce, and Beit Hillel prohibit him from doing so. And what is an outdated bill of divorce? Any case where he was secluded with her after he wrote it for her and before he gave it to her.",
+ "If he wrote the date on the bill of divorce using a calendrical system that counts years in the name of a kingdom that is not legitimate, or he wrote the date in the name of the kingdom of Medea, or in the name of the Greek Empire, after it ceased to exist, or he wrote the date counting to the building of the Temple, or counting to the destruction of the Temple, in all these case, the bill of divorce is not valid. In the time of the mishna, the local government was particular that documents be dated with the official government date. Therefore, the Sages instituted that this must be done in bills of divorce as well. If one deviates from this practice, the rabbinic dictates of bills of divorce have been violated, and the bill of divorce is invalid. If he was in the east and he wrote the location in the bill of divorce as in the west, or if he was in the west and he wrote the location in the bill of divorce as in the east, the bill of divorce is not valid. If he divorced her with this bill of divorce and she remarried, she must leave both this first husband and that second husband, and she needs a bill of divorce from this husband and that husband. And she does not receive payment of her marriage contract, and not the profits from her properties that her husband consumed, and she does not have a claim to receive sustenance, and she does not have a claim to worn clothes that belonged to her, but which her husband used. She cannot demand these items, not of this husband and not of that husband. If she took any of these items from this husband or from that husband, she must return what was taken. And the child that was born from this husband or from that husband that was conceived after she married the second husband is a son born from an adulterous relationship [mamzer]. And neither this husband nor that husband, if they are priests, is permitted to become ritually impure by her when she dies, which a husband may ordinarily do for his wife. And neither this husband nor that husband have the rights to objects she finds, or to her earnings, or to the annulment of her vows. If she was an Israelite woman, then through these two marriages she becomes disqualified from marrying into the priesthood, due to the prohibition against a priest marrying a zona. If she was the daughter of a Levite, through these two marriages she becomes prohibited from partaking of the tithe that is given to Levites. If she was the daughter of a priest, she becomes prohibited from partaking of teruma, even after she returns to the house of her father the priest. And the heirs of this husband and the heirs of that husband do not inherit the rights to collect payment of her marriage contract if she dies. And if the husbands die, the brother of this first husband and the brother of that second husband perform ḥalitza, since she was betrothed to the second one as well, and they do not consummate the levirate marriage. The mishna proceeds to teach an additional halakha concerning a bill of divorce written not in accordance with its halakhot: If he changed his name, i.e., he wrote a different name in the bill of divorce, or he changed her name, or if he changed the name of his city or the name of her city, and she remarried on the basis of this bill of divorce, then she must leave both this first husband and that second husband. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "The mishna teaches another halakha associated with the previous halakhot: With regard to all of those cases in which they said that a man who died without children and left behind a widow who is, to the man’s brother, one of those with whom relations are forbidden, e.g., she is his wife’s sister, not only is there no levirate bond for her, but the rival wives of the brother who died are also permitted to marry without either levirate marriage or ḥalitza. The mishna discusses another case: These rival wives went and married another man without ḥalitza, and these widows with whom relationships were forbidden were found to be sexually underdeveloped women incapable of bearing children [ailonit]. Therefore, it became clear, retroactively, that the marriage to the dead brother was never valid, and accordingly, the rival wives were never exempt from the obligation of levirate marriage due to their being the rival wives of a forbidden relationship. Consequently, the rival wives were forbidden to marry anyone else without ḥalitza, and the rival wives must leave both this man whom they remarried, and that yavam, i.e., they cannot enter into levirate marriage with him. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "Similarly, with regard to one who marries his yevama, and her rival wife went and got married to another man, and it was found that this yevama was a sexually underdeveloped woman, the rival wife must leave this man whom she remarried and that yavam, i.e., she cannot enter into levirate marriage with him. Because the yevama was a sexually underdeveloped woman, the obligation of levirate marriage never applied to her, and her levirate marriage did not exempt her rival wife. And all of those aforementioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "The mishna now discusses another case: A scribe wrote a bill of divorce for a man, so that the man could divorce his wife with it; and he wrote a receipt for the woman, for her to give to her husband upon receiving payment of her marriage contract, verifying that she received the payment. And the scribe erred and gave the bill of divorce to the woman and the receipt to the man, and not knowing what was written in the documents that were in their possession, they gave what they received from the scribe to each other. The woman gave her husband a bill of divorce and the husband gave his wife a receipt, and consequently, there was no divorce at all. And after some time, the bill of divorce is in the possession of the man, and the receipt is in the possession of the woman, and they discover that the divorce never actually transpired. If the woman had remarried another man, she must leave this, the first husband, and that, the second husband. And all of those above-mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier clause of the mishna apply to her in this case as well. Rabbi Elazar says: If the bill of divorce is immediately [le’altar] in the husband’s possession, this is not a valid bill of divorce, since he clearly never gave it to her. But if it is in his possession after some time, then this is a valid bill of divorce, since it is not in the power of the first husband to eliminate the right of the second husband. The assumption is that the husband did in fact give her the bill of divorce in the correct manner, but at some point, he took it back from her. If one wrote a bill of divorce to divorce his wife, and reconsidered and did not give it to her, Beit Shammai say: Although merely writing the bill of divorce does not dissolve the marriage, by doing so he disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. And Beit Hillel say: Even if he gave the bill of divorce to her conditionally and the condition was not fulfilled, and therefore the bill of divorce did not take effect, he did not disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. A woman is disqualified from marrying into the priesthood only if the divorce takes effect.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife, and afterward she spent the night with him at an inn [befundaki], Beit Shammai say: She does not require a second bill of divorce from him, and Beit Hillel say: She requires a second bill of divorce from him, since they may have engaged in sexual intercourse at the inn and thereby betrothed her once again. When did they say this halakha? When she was divorced following the state of marriage. Beit Hillel concede that when she was divorced following the state of betrothal, she does not require a second bill of divorce from him, due to the fact that he is not accustomed to her. Therefore, there is no concern that they engaged in sexual intercourse, even though they spent the night together at the inn. If a woman was married by her second husband on the basis of receiving a bare bill of divorce, i.e., a folded and tied bill of divorce that is missing signatures, she must leave both this, the first husband, and that, the second husband. And all of those previously mentioned ways of penalizing a woman who remarried based on the bills of divorce detailed in the earlier mishna (79b) apply to her in this case as well.",
+ "With regard to a bare bill of divorce; anyone, even those who are disqualified from bearing witness, can complete it, i.e., sign it in addition to the primary witnesses, so that it will not remain bare. This is the statement of ben Nannas. Rabbi Akiva says: Not all who are disqualified from bearing witness can complete it. Rather, only relatives who are fit to testify in another case. Rabbi Akiva permits only the inclusion of witnesses who would ordinarily be valid witnesses, but who are invalid here because they are relatives of either the husband and wife or the other witnesses. And what is a bare bill of divorce? It is any bill of divorce where the number of its folds is more than the number of its witnesses. In a folded and tied bill of divorce, the bill of divorce is folded and the folds are then tied. Instead of having two witnesses sign at the bottom of the document, witnesses would sign on each tied fold. A bare bill of divorce has more folds than signatures, i.e., some folds lack signatures."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to one who divorces his wife and said to her while handing her the bill of divorce: You are hereby permitted to marry any man except [ella] for so-and-so, Rabbi Eliezer permits her to remarry based on this divorce. And the Rabbis prohibit her from remarrying, as their bond is not entirely severed by this divorce, and she is therefore still considered his wife. What should he do so the divorce may take effect? He should take it from her and hand it to her again, and he should say to her: You are hereby permitted to marry any man. If he wrote his qualification inside the bill of divorce, even if he then erased it, the bill is invalid since it was not written in a valid manner.",
+ "If a man says to his wife while handing her a bill of divorce: You are hereby permitted to marry any man, except to marry my father or to marry your father, to marry my brother or to marry your brother, to marry a slave or to marry a gentile, or to marry anyone to whom she cannot legally become betrothed, the divorce is valid. Since these men cannot betroth her anyway, his qualification is meaningless. If he says to her: You are hereby permitted to marry any man, except for when doing so violates the following: The prohibition against a widow being married to a High Priest; the prohibition against a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] being married to a common priest; a mamzeret or a Gibeonite woman being married to an Israelite man; an Israelite woman being married to a mamzer or to a Gibeonite man; or marrying anyone to whom she can legally become betrothed, even if this betrothal would be a transgression, such as in the aforementioned cases; in all of these cases the divorce is invalid. His statement renders it a partial divorce, as the woman is still not permitted to marry any man who is eligible to betroth her.",
+ "The basic, essential, element of a bill of divorce is: You are hereby permitted to marry any man. Rabbi Yehuda says that there is also another essential sentence: And this that you shall have from me is a scroll of divorce, and a letter of leave, and a bill of dismissal to go to marry any man that you wish. And the basic element of a bill of manumission for a maidservant is: You are hereby a free woman, or: You are hereby your own.",
+ "Three bills of divorce are invalid ab initio, but if the woman marries another man on the basis of one of these bills of divorce the lineage of the offspring from this marriage is unflawed. In other words, she is not considered to be a married woman who engaged in sexual intercourse with another man, which would impair the lineage of their child. These three bills are: A bill of divorce that the husband wrote in his handwriting but has no signatures of witnesses on the document at all, a case where there are signatures of witnesses on the document but there is no date written on it, and a case where there is a date written on it, but it contains only one witness. These are the three invalid bills of divorce with regard to which the Sages said: And if she marries, the lineage of the offspring is unflawed. Rabbi Eliezer says: Even though there are no signatures of witnesses on the document, but he handed it to her in the presence of two witnesses, it is a valid bill of divorce. And on the basis of this bill of divorce the woman can collect the amount written for her in her marriage contract even from liened property, as Rabbi Eliezer maintains that the witnesses sign the bill of divorce only for the betterment of the world. If no witnesses sign a bill of divorce the husband can contest its validity at any time by denying that he wrote it. Nevertheless, the witnesses’ signatures are not an essential part of a bill of divorce.",
+ "With regard to a case of two men who sent their wives two identical bills of divorce with an agent, as both their names and their wives’ names are identical, and the two bills of divorce were mixed up, the agent should hand both bills of divorce to this wife and both of them to that wife, so that each wife definitely receives her bill of divorce, although it is unclear which one is hers. Therefore, if one of the bills of divorce was lost before it was given to both women, the other is void, because it is unknown which bill of divorce was meant for which woman. With regard to five husbands who wrote a general wording in the bill of divorce, i.e., who wrote one common bill of divorce for their wives with a single formula, writing that so-and-so divorces his wife so-and-so, and so-and-so divorces so-and-so, and the witnesses signed below, in this case all of these bills of divorce that were combined into one bill are valid; and the bill must be handed to each and every wife individually, so they will all be divorced by it. If the scribe was writing a separate formula in the bill of divorce for each and every couple, and the witnesses signed below, the formula with which the witnesses’ signatures are read is valid. In other words, the formula directly underneath which they signed is valid, and the others are not valid.",
+ "With regard to two bills of divorce that a scribe wrote on the same paper one next to the other, and the signatures of two Hebrew witnesses, i.e., witnesses who signed in Hebrew from right to left, extend from underneath this bill of divorce on the right to underneath that bill of divorce on the left, and the signatures of two Greek witnesses, i.e., who signed in Greek from left to right, extend from underneath that bill of divorce on the left to underneath this bill of divorce on the right, the bill of divorce with which the names of the first two witnesses are read [nikra’in] is valid. The other bill of divorce is invalid, as it is not considered signed by these witnesses. If one witness signed in Hebrew from right to left, and one witness signed beneath him in Greek from left to right, and underneath that signature one witness signed in Hebrew, and beneath him one witness signed in Greek, with the signatures extending from underneath this bill of divorce to underneath that bill of divorce, both bills of divorce are invalid.",
+ "If a scribe left out part of the bill of divorce and wrote it in the second column, i.e., the bill of divorce is written in two columns on one paper, and the signatures of the witnesses are beneath the second column, it is a valid bill of divorce. If the witnesses signed at the top of the column, on the side, or on the back of an ordinary, non-folded bill of divorce, it is invalid. If the scribe placed the top of this bill of divorce next to the top of that bill of divorce so that both are written in the same column but with the text in opposite directions, and the witnesses signed in the middle, between the bills of divorce, both bills of divorce are invalid. If he placed the end of this bill of divorce next to the end of that bill of divorce, and the witnesses signed in the middle between them, the bill of divorce with which the witnesses’ signatures are read, i.e., the bill that is written in the same direction as the signatures, is valid. If he placed the top of this bill of divorce next to the end of that bill of divorce, and the witnesses signed in the middle, the bill of divorce at the end of which the witnesses are read, i.e., the upper bill of divorce, is valid.",
+ "With regard to a bill of divorce that was written in Hebrew and its witnesses signed in Greek, or that was written in Greek and its witnesses signed in Hebrew, or in which one witness signed in Hebrew and one witness signed in Greek, or if a bill of divorce has the writing of a scribe, and the scribe identifies his handwriting, and one witness verifies his signature, it is valid as though two witnesses testified to ratify their signatures. As for the wording of the signature, if a witness signed: So-and-so, witness, without mentioning his father’s name, it is valid. Similarly, if he did not write his name and instead wrote: Son of so-and-so, witness, it is valid. If he wrote: So-and-so, son of so-and-so, but did not write the word witness, it is valid. And this is what the scrupulous people of Jerusalem would do, i.e., they would sign without the word witness. As for the names of the husband and wife, if the scribe wrote his surname [ḥanikhato] or nickname and her surname or nickname, it is valid. With regard to a bill of divorce that the husband was compelled by the court to write and give his wife, if he was compelled by a Jewish court it is valid, but if he was compelled by gentiles it is invalid. But with regard to gentiles they may beat him at the request of the Jewish court and say to him: Do what the Jews are telling you, and it is a valid divorce.",
+ "If a rumor circulated in the city that an unmarried woman is betrothed, she is considered to be betrothed. Similarly, if a rumor circulated that a married woman is divorced, she is divorced, provided there is no valid alternative explanation [amatla] for the rumor. What is considered a valid explanation? For example, it is a case where there is a rumor that so-and-so divorced his wife but that the bill of divorce was given to her conditionally. It is therefore possible that the condition was not fulfilled and she is not actually divorced. Similarly, if there is a rumor that a woman was betrothed but that the man threw her betrothal, i.e., the money or document of betrothal, to her, and it is uncertain whether it was closer to her and uncertain whether it was closer to him, and therefore the status of their betrothal is likewise uncertain, this is considered a valid explanation.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A man may not divorce his wife unless he finds out about her having engaged in a matter of forbidden sexual intercourse [devar erva], i.e., she committed adultery or is suspected of doing so, as it is stated: “Because he has found some unseemly matter [ervat davar] in her, and he writes her a scroll of severance” (Deuteronomy 24:1). And Beit Hillel say: He may divorce her even due to a minor issue, e.g., because she burned or over-salted his dish, as it is stated: “Because he has found some unseemly matter in her,” meaning that he found any type of shortcoming in her. Rabbi Akiva says: He may divorce her even if he found another woman who is better looking than her and wishes to marry her, as it is stated in that verse: “And it comes to pass, if she finds no favor in his eyes” (Deuteronomy 24:1)."
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+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, \nצָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\". \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַמֵּבִיא מֵרְקָם וּמִן הַהֶגֶר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ מִכְּפַר לוּדִים לְלוֹד. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nאֶלָּא הַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וְהַמּוֹלִיךְ. \nוְהַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינָה לִמְדִינָה [בִ]מְדִינַת הַיָּם, <הבי\"ת מחוקה>\nצָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ מֵהַגְמוֹנְיָה לְהַגְמוֹנְיָה. \n",
+ "ב\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמֵרְקָם לַמִּזְרָח וּרְקָם כַּמִּזְרָח, \nמֵאַשְׁקְלוֹן לַדָּרוֹם וְאַשְׁקְלוֹן כַּדָּרוֹם, \nמֵעַכּוֹ לַצָּפוֹן וְעַכּוֹ כַצָּפוֹן. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nעַכּוֹ כְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַגִּטִּים. \n",
+ "ג\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עוֹרְרִים, \nנִתְקַיַּם בְּחוֹתָמָיו. \nוְהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים, \nנִתְקַיַּם בְּחוֹתָמָיו. \n",
+ "ד\nאֶחָד גִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְאֶחָד שַׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, \nשָׁוִים בַּמּוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא. \nזוֹ אַחַת מִן הַדְּרָכִים \nשֶׁשָּׁווּ גִטֵּי נָשִׁים לְשַׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. \n",
+ "ה\nכָּל גֵּט שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו עֵד כּוּתִי, פָּסוּל, \nחוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשַׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. \nמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לִכְפַר עָתְנִי גֵּט אִשָּׁה, \nוְהָיוּ עֵדָיו עֵדֵי כוּתִים, וְהִכְשִׁיר. \nכָּל הָאַשְׁטָרוֹת הָעוֹלִים בְּעַרְכָאוֹת שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחוֹתְמֵיהֶם גּוֹיִם, כְּשֵׁרִים, \nחוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשַׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכֻּלָּם כְּשֵׁרִים, \nלֹא הָזְכָּרוּ אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ לַהֶדְיוֹט. \n",
+ "ו\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי וּשְׁטַר שַׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן, יַחְזִיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּגִטֵּי נָשִׁים, אֲבָל לֹא בְשַׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, \nלְפִי שֶׁזָּכִים לְאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו, \nוְאֵין חָבִים לוֹ אֶלָּא בְּפָנָיו. \nשֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה שֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת עַבְדּוֹ, רַשַּׁי, \nוְשֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֵינוּ רַשַּׁי. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nוַהֲרֵי הוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת עַבְדּוֹ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קִנְיָנוֹ. \nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, <תֵּן>\nוּשְׁטַר שַׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי!\" \nוּמֵת, \nלֹא יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה. \n\"תְּנוּ מָנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי!\" \nוּמֵת, \nיִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר הַמִּיתָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב, אֲבָל לֹא בְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\"; \n\"בְּפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם, אֲבָל לֹא בְפָנַי נִכְתַּב\"; \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב כֻּלּוֹ וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם חֶצְיוֹ\"; \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב חֶצְיוֹ וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם כֻּלּוֹ\", \nפָּסוּל. \nאֶחָד אוֹמֵר \"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב\", \nוְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר \"בְּפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nפָּסוּל. \nשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִין \"בְּפָנֵינוּ נִכְתַּב\", \nוְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר \"בְּפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\", \nפָּסוּל. \nוּרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. \nאֶחָד אוֹמֵר \"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב\", \nוּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִין \"בְּפָנֵינוּ נִתְחַתַּם\", \nכָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ב\nנִכְתַּב בַּיּוֹם וְנִתְחַתַּם בַּיּוֹם, \nבַּלַּיְלָה וְנִתְחַתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, \nבַּלַּיְלָה וְנִתְחַתַּם בַּיּוֹם, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nבַּיּוֹם וְנִתְחַתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, \nפָּסוּל. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר, \nשֶׁהָיָה רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַגִּטִּין שֶׁנִּכְתָּבוּ בַיּוֹם וְנִתְחַתְּמוּ בַלַּיְלָה, \nפְּסוּלִין, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים. \n",
+ "ג\nבַּכֹּל כּוֹתְבִים: \nבַּדְּיוֹ, בַּסִּקְרָא, בְּקוֹמוֹס, וּבִקְלָקַנְתוֹס, \nוּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רוֹשֵׁם. \nאֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא בְמַשְׁקִים, \nוְלֹא בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, \nוְלֹא בְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוּ שֶׁלְּקַיָּמָה. \nעַל הַכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין: \nעַל הֶעָלֶה שֶׁלַּזַּיִת, \nוְנוֹתְנִין לָהּ אֶת הַזַּיִת.\nוְעַל הַקֶּרֶן שֶׁלַּפָּרָה, \nלָהּ אֶת הַפָּרָה. \nעַל וְנוֹתְנִין יָד שֶׁלָּעֶבֶד, \nוְנוֹתְנִין לָהּ אֶת הָעֶבֶד. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה הַגָּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, \nאַף לֹא עַל הָאֳכָלִים. \n",
+ "ד\nאֵין כּוֹתְבִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע. \nכְּתָבוֹ בִמְחֻבָּר, וּתְלָשׁוֹ וְחִתְּמוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל, \nעַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתִיבָתוֹ וְחִתּוּמוֹ בַתָּלוּשׁ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתִירָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל הַנְּיָר הַמָּחוּק, \nוְלֹא עַל הַדִּפְתְּרָא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהִזְדַּיֵּף. \nוַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין. \n",
+ "ה\nהַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לִכְתֹּב אֶת הַגֵּט, \nאֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. \nהָאִשָּׁה כוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ, \nוְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבָרוֹ, \nשֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתָמָיו. \nהַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לְהָבִיא אֶת הַגֵּט, \nחוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, סוֹמֵא וְנָכְרִי. \n",
+ "ו\nקִבֵּל הַקָּטָן וְהִגְדִּיל, \nחֵרֵשׁ וְנִתְפַּקַּח, \nסוֹמֵא וְנִתְפַּתַּח, \nשׁוֹטֶה וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, \nנָכְרִי וְנִתְגַּיַּר, \nפָּסוּל. \n\nז\nאֲבָל פִּקֵּחַ וְנִתְחָרַשׁ וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּקַּח, \nפִּתֵּחַ וְנִסְתַּמָּא וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּתַּח, \nשָׁפוּי וְנִשְׁתַּטָּה וְחָזַר וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְסוֹפוֹ בְדַעַת, כָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ח\nאַף הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנוֹת לוֹמַר \"מֵת בַּעְלָהּ\", \nנֶאֱמָנוֹת לְהָבִיא אֶת גִּטָּהּ: \nחֲמוֹתָהּ, וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ, \nוְצָרָתָהּ, וִיבִמְתָּהּ, וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. \nמַה בֵּין גֵּט לַמִּיתָה? \nשֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. \nהָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ מְבִיאָה גִטָּהּ, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא צְרִיכָה לוֹמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\". \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל גֵּט שֶׁנִּכְתַּב שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם אִשָּׁה, פָּסוּל. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְשָׁמַע קוֹל הַסּוֹפְרִים מַקְרִים: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת פְּלוֹנִית מִמְּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוְאָמַר \"זֶה שְׁמִי וְזֶה שֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי\", \nפָּסוּל מִלְּגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. \nיוֹתֵר מִכֵּן: <יתר>\nכָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, \nמְצָאוֹ בֶן עִירוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"שְׁמִי כִשְׁמָךְ וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי כְּשֵׁם אִשְׁתָּךְ\", \nפָּסוּל מִלְּגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. \nיוֹתֵר מִכֵּן: <יתר>\nיֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁשְּׁמוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁוִים, \nכָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה, \nלֹא יְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. \nיוֹתֵר מִכֵּן: <יתר>\nאָמַר לַלִּבְלָר: \n\"כְּתֹב אֵי זוֹ שֶׁאֶרְצֶה אֲגָרֵשׁ\", \nפָּסוּל מִלְּגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nהַכּוֹתֵב תּוֹפְסֵי גִטִּים, \nצָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הָאִישׁ וּמְקוֹם הָאִשָּׁה, \nוּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן; \nשְׁטַר מַלְוָה, \nצָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַלֹוֶה וּמְקוֹם הַמַּלְוֶה, \nוּמְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת, וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן; \nשְׁטָרֵי מַקָּח, \nצָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַלּוֹקֵחַ וּמְקוֹם הַמּוֹכֵר, \nוּמְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת, וּמְקוֹם הַשָּׂדֶה, וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן, \nמִפְּנֵי הַתַּקָּנָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל בְּכֻלָּם. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מַכְשִׁיר בְּכֻלָּם, \nחוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כד,ג) \n\"וְכָתַב לָהּ\", לִשְׁמָהּ. \n",
+ "ג\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט וְאָבַד מִמֶּנּוּ, \nאִם מְצָאוֹ עַל אֲתָר, כָּשֵׁר, \nוְאִם לָאו, פָּסוּל. \nמְצָאוֹ בַחֲפִיסָה אוֹ בִגְלוֹסְקְמָא, <glōssókomon: קופסה.=\"\" בגלוקומא=\"\">\nאִם הִכִּירוֹ, כָשֵׁר. \nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט וְהִנִּיחוֹ זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה, \nנוֹתְנוֹ לָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nאוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. \nהַשּׁוֹלֵחַ חַטָּאתוֹ מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, \nמַקְרִיבִין אוֹתָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. \n",
+ "ד\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים \nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן פַּרְטָה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, \nוְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דְּבָרָיו: <ניקיימו על>\nעַל עִיר שֶׁהִקִּיפוּהָ כַרְקוֹם, <kharákōma: גדר=\"\" עמודי=\"\" עץ,=\"\" מחנה=\"\" מבוצר=\"\">\nוְעַל הַסְּפִינָה הַמִּטָּרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, \nוְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לִדּוֹן, \nשֶׁהֵן בְּחֶזְקַת קַיָּמִין; \nאֲבָל עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְקוֹם, <כורקום>\nוּסְפִינָה שֶׁאָבְדָה בַיָּם, \nוְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג, \nנוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי חַיִּים וְחֻמְרֵי מֵתִים: \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n",
+ "ה\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחָלָה, \nהֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלְּחוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר. \nאִם אָמַר לוֹ: \n\"טֹל לִי מִמֶּנָּה חֵפֶץ פְּלוֹנִי\", \nלֹא יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ בְיַד אַחֵר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁיְּהֵא פִקְדוֹנוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר. \n",
+ "ו\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְחָלָה, \nעוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין וּמְשַׁלְּחוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לִפְנֵיהֶן: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\". \nאֵין הַשָּׁלִיחַ הָאַחֲרוֹן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נִתְחַתַּם\". \nאֶלָּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"שְׁלוּחַ בֵּית דִּין אָנִי\". \n",
+ "ז\nהַמַּלְוֶה מָעוֹת אֶת הַכֹּהֵן, וְאֶת הַלֵּוִי, וְאֶת הֶעָנִי, \nלִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵחֶלְקָן, \nמַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין, \nוְאֵינוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמֵּא מֵת כֹּהֵן, אוֹ לֵוִי, \nאוֹ שֶׁמֵּא הֶעְשִׁיר הֶעָנִי. \nמֵתוּ, \nצָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁים; \nוְאִם הִלְוָן בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת. \n",
+ "ח\nהִנִּיחַ פֵּרוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, \nמָעוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, \nמַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין. \nוְאִם אָבָדוּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה חוֹשֵׁשׁ מֵעֵת לְעֵת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֶלִיעֶזֶר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַיַּיִן: \nבְּקָדִים שֶׁלְּמוֹצָאֵי הֶחָג, \nוּבְהוֹצָאַת סְמָדַר, \nבְּשָׁעַת כְּנֵיסַת מַיִם לַבֹּסֶר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַשּׁוֹלֵחַ גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִגִּיעַ בַּשָּׁלִיחַ, \nאוֹ שֶׁשִּׁלַּח אַחֲרָיו שָׁלִיחַ, אָמַר לוֹ: \n\"גֵּט שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לָךְ בָּטֵל הוּא\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. \nקִדֵּם אֵצֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nאוֹ שֶׁשִּׁלַּח אֶצְלָהּ שָׁלִיחַ, אָמַר לָהּ: \n\"גֵּט שֶׁשָּׁלַחְתִּי לִיךְ בָּטֵל הוּא\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. \nאִם מִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ גֵּט עַל יָדָהּ, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְבַטְּלוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר וּמְבַטְּלוֹ. \nהִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \nבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nהָיָה מְשַׁנֶּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ. \nהִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁיְּהֵא כוֹתֵב: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי וְכָל שֵׁם שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ, \nאִשָּׁה פְלוֹנִית וְכָל שׁוּם שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ\", \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ג\nאֵין אַלְמָנָה נִפְרַעַת מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. \nנִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַשְׁבִּיעַ. \nהִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, \nשֶׁתְּהֵא נוֹדֶרֶת לַיְתוֹמִים כָּל שֶּׁיִּרְצוּ, \nוְגוֹבָה אֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. \nוְהָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \nהֶלֵּל הִתְקִין לִפְרוֹזְבּוֹל, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ד\nעֶבֶד שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּה וּפְדָאוּהוּ, \nלְשֵׁם עֶבֶד, יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד, \nלְשֵׁם בֶּן חֹרִין, לֹא יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nבֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. \nעֶבֶד שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ רַבּוֹ אַפּוֹתִיקִי לַאֲחֵרִים וְשִׁחְרְרוֹ, \nשׁוּרַת הַדִּין, אֵין הָעֶבֶד חַיָּב כְּלוּם. \nאֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, \nכּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חֹרִין, \nוְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל דָּמָיו. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינוּ כוֹתֵב, אֶלָּא מְשַׁחְרֵר. \n",
+ "ה\nמִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶן חֹרִין, \nעוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, \nוְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד. \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. \nלִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה אֵינוּ יָכוֹל, בַּת חֹרִין אֵינוּ יָכוֹל. \nיִבָּטֵל? \nוַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לְפִרְיָה וְרִבְיָה, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה מה,יח) \n\"לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ, לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ\"! \nאֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, \nכּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִים, \nוְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹדוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "ו\nהַמּוֹכֵר אֶת עַבְדּוֹ לַגּוֹיִם אוֹ לְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nיָצָא בֶן חוֹרִין. \nאֵין פּוֹדִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִים יָתֵר עַל דְמֵיהֶם, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \nוְאֵין מַבְרִיחִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִים, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nמִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשְּׁבוּיִים. \nאֵין לוֹקְחִים סְפָרִים תְּפִלִּין וּמְזוּזוֹת מִן הַגּוֹיִם \nיָתֵר עַל דְמֵיהֶם, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ז\nהַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nמִשֵּׁם שֵׁם רָע, לֹא יַחְזִיר; \nמִשֵּׁם נֶדֶר, לֹא יַחְזִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁיָּדְעוּ בוֹ הָרַבִּים, לֹא יַחְזִיר, \nוְשֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ בוֹ הָרַבִּים, יַחְזִיר. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, לֹא יַחְזִיר, \nוְשֶׁאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, יַחְזִיר. \nאָמַר רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: \nלֹא אָסְרוּ זֶה אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי זֶה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה בִרְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי מְגָרְשִׁיךְ\", וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, <מְגָרְשֵׁךְ>\nוְהִתִּירוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִין שֶׁיַּחְזִירֶנָּה, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ח\nהַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִשֵּׁם אַיְלוֹנִית, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יַחְזִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיַחְזִיר. \nנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְהָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים, \nוְהִיא תּוֹבַעַת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nאוֹמְרִים לָהּ: \n\"שְׁתִיקוּתִיךְ יָפָה לִיךְ מִדִּבּוּרִיךְ\". \n",
+ "ט\nהַמּוֹכֵר אֶת עַצְמוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו לַגּוֹי, \nאֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתָן, \nאֲבָל פּוֹדִין אֶת הַבָּנִים לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן. \nהַמּוֹכֵר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ לַנָּכְרִי וְחָזַר וּלְקָחָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nהַלּוֹקֵחַ מֵבִיא בִּכּוּרִים, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַנִּזָּקִין שָׁמִין לָהֶן בָּעִדִּית, <הַנְּזִקִין>\nוּבַעַלֵי הַחוֹב בַּבֵּינוֹנִית, \nוּכְתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בַזִּבּוּרִית. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף כְּתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בַבֵּינוֹנִית. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵין נִפְרָעִים מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים \nמְקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְכָסִים בְּנֵי חֹרִין, \nאֲפִלּוּ הֵן הַזִּבּוּרִית. \nאֵין נִפְרָעִין מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים אֶלָּא מִן הַזִּבּוּרִית. \n",
+ "ג\nאֵין מוֹצִיאִין לְאוֹכֶלֶת הַפֵּרוֹת, \nוְלִשְׁבַח הַקַּרְקָעוֹת וְלִמְזוֹן הָאִשָּׁה וְלַבָּנוֹת \nמִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \nהַמּוֹצֵא מְצִיאָה לֹא יִשָּׁבַע, <זאת הוספת המגיה>\nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ד\nיְתוֹמִים שֶׁסָּמְכוּ אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, \nאוֹ שֶׁמִּנָּה לָהֶן אֲבִיהֶן אַפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס, \nחַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶן. \nאַפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס שֶׁמִּנָּהוּ אֲבִי יְתוֹמִים, יִשָּׁבַע; \nמִנּוּהוּ בֵית דִּין, לֹא יִשָּׁבַע. \nאַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר: \nחִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים. \nהַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמַדְמָע וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ, <והמדמיע>\nשׁוֹגֵג, פָּטוּר, \nוּמֵזִיד, חַיָּב. \nוְהַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּגְּלוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִים, \nחַיָּבִים. \n",
+ "ה\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה, \nעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, \nשֶׁהִיא יוֹצָא בַגֵּט. \nוְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, \nשֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם מֵתָה, \nבַּעְלָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. \nוְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָיוֹ בַבִּירָה, \nשֶׁיִתֵּן אֶת דָּמָיו, \n(מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשָּׁבִים.) \nוְעַל הַחַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לָרַבִּים, \nשֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. \n",
+ "ו\nלֹא הָיָה סִיקְרִיקוֹן בִּיהוּדָה בַהֲרוּגֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה, \nמֵהֲרוּגֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה וְהֵילָךְ, יֶשׁ בָּהּ סִיקָרִיקוֹן. \nכֵּיצַד? \nלָקַח מִן הַסִּיקְרִיקוֹן וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת, \nמַקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. \nמִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הַסִּיקְרִיקוֹן, \nמַקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. \nמִן הָאִישׁ וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִשָּׁה, \nמַקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. \nמִן הָאִשָּׁה וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִישׁ, \nמַקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. \nזוֹ מִשְׁנָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. \nוּבֵית דִּין שֶׁלְּאַחֲרֵיהֶם אָמְרוּ: \nהַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הַסִּיקְרִיקוֹן נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ. \n\nז\nאֵמָּתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בְּיָדָן לִקַּח, \nאֲבָל אִם יֵשׁ בְּיָדָן לִקַּח, \nהֵן קוֹדְמִין לְכָל אָדָן. \nרְבִּי הוֹשִׁיב בֵּית דִּין, וְנִמְנוּ, \nשֶׁאִם שָׁהַת לִפְנֵי סִיקְרִיקוֹן שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nכָּל הַקּוֹדֵם וְלוֹקֵחַ נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ. \n",
+ "ח\nחֵרֵשׁ רוֹמֵז וְנִרְמָז. \nבֶּן בְּתִירָה אוֹמֵר: \nקוֹפֵץ וְנִקְפָּץ בַּמִּטַּלְטְלִים. \nהַפָּעוֹטוֹת, \nמַקָּחָן מַקָּח וּמִמְכָּרָן מִמְכָּר בַּמִּטַּלְטְלִים. \n",
+ "ט\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם: \nכֹּהֵן קוֹרֵא רִאשׁוֹן, וְאַחֲרָיו לֵוִי, וְאַחֲרָיו יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nמְעָרְבִין בְּבַיִת יָשָׁן, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nבּוֹר שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לָאַמָּה מִתְמַלֵּא רִאשׁוֹן, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nמְצִיאַת חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן יֵשׁ בָּהֶן גָּזֵל, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nגָּזֵל גָּמוּר. \nמְצוֹדוֹת חַיָּה וְעוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים יֵשׁ בָּהֶן גָּזֵל, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nגָּזֵל גָּמוּר. \nהֶעָנִי הַמְנַקֵּף בְּרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, \nמַה שֶּׁתַּחְתָּיו גָּזֵל, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nגָּזֵל גָּמוּר. \nאֵין מְמַחִים בְּיַד עֲנִיֵּי גוֹיִם בַּלֶּקֶט וּבַשִּׁכְחָה וּבַפֵּאָה, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \n",
+ "י\nמַשְׁאֶלֶת אִשָּׁה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ הַחֲשׁוּדָה עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית \nנָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, \nאֲבָל לֹא תָבֹר וְלֹא תִטְחַן עִמָּהּ. \nאֵשֶׁת חָבֵר מַשְׁאֶלֶת לְאֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה, \nוּבוֹרֶרֶת וְטוֹחֶנֶת וּמַרְקֶדֶת עִמָּהּ, \nאֲבָל מִשֶּׁתַּטִּיל אֶת הַמַּיִם, \nלֹא תִגַּע אֶצְלָהּ, \nשֶׁאֵין מְחַזְּקִים יְדֵי עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. \nוְכֻלָּם לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \nוּמְחַזְּקִים יְדֵי גוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, \nאֲבָל לֹא יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. \nוְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן, \nמִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nאוֹ: \n\"הוֹלֵךְ גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר, יַחְזִיר. \nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה: \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר, לֹא יַחְזִיר. \nלְפִיכָךְ אִם אָמַר לוֹ הַבַּעַל: \n\"[אֵי] אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּקַבֵּל לָהּ גִּטָּהּ, \nאֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְתֵן לָהּ\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר, יַחְזִיר. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָאוֹמֶרֶת: \n\"טֹל לִי גִטִּי\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר, לֹא יַחְזִיר. \n",
+ "ב\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה: \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי\", \nצְרִיכָה שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים: \nשְׁנַיִם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ \"בְּפָנֵינוּ אָמְרָה\", \nוּשְׁנַיִם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ \"בְּפָנֵינוּ קִבֵּל וְקָרַע\", \nאֲפִלּוּ הֵן רִאשׁוֹנִים הֵן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים, \nאוֹ אֶחָד מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים, \nוְאֶחָד מִצְטָרֵף עִמָּהֶן. \nנַעֲרָה מְאֹרָסָה, \nהִיא וְאָבִיהָ מְקַבְּלִין גִּטָּהּ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם זָכוֹת כְּאַחַת, \nאֶלָּא אָבִיהָ מְקַבֵּל גִּטָּהּ בִּלְבַד. \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵינָה יְכוּלָה לִשְׁמוֹר אֶת גִּטָּהּ, \nאֵינָה צְרִיכָה לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ. \n",
+ "ג\nקְטַנָּה שֶׁאָמְרָה: \n\"צֵא הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי\", \nאֵינוּ גֵט עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיע גֵּט עַל יָדָהּ. \nלְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצָה הַבַּעַל לְהַחְזִיר, יַחְזִיר, \nשֶׁאֵין הַקָּטָן עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלִיחַ. \nוְאִם אָמַר לוֹ אָבִיהָ: \n\"צֵא וְקַבֵּל לְבִתִּי גִטָּהּ\", \nאִם רָצָה לְהַחְזִיר, לֹא יַחְזִיר. \n\nד\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי בִמְקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. \n\"הֲרֵי הִיא בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר. \n\nה\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה: \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי מִמְּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוְקִבֵּל לָהּ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מַכְשִׁיר. \n\"הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי מִמְּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוֶהֱבִיאוֹ לָהּ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ו\n\"הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי\", \nאוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיַגִּיע גֵּט עַל יָדָהּ. \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי\", \nאֲסוּרָה מִלֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה מִיָּד. <בתרומות> \n\"הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי מִמְּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי\", \nאוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמוֹת עַד שֶׁיַגִּיע גֵּט לְאוֹתוֹ הַמָּקוֹם. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר מִיָּד. \n",
+ "ז\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \n\"גָּרְשׁוּהָ\", \n\"כִּתְבוּ אִגֶּרֶת וּתְנוּ לָהּ\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ. \n\"פִּטְרוּהָ\", \n\"פַּרְנְסוּהָ\", \n\"עֲשׁוּ לָהּ כְּנִמוֹס\", \n\"עֲשׁוּ לָהּ כָּרָאוּי\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. \nבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִין: \nהַיּוֹצֵא בַקּוֹלָר וְאָמַר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ. \nחָזְרוּ לוֹמַר: \nאַף הַמַפְרִישׁ וְהַיּוֹצֵא בִשְׁיָרָא. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הַשֵּׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַמְסֻכָּן. \n",
+ "ח\nמִי שֶׁהָיָה מֻשְׁלָךְ בַּבּוֹר, וְאָמַר: \n\"כָּל הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ אֶת קוֹלִי יִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ. \nהַבָּרִיא שֶׁאָמַר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nוְרָצָה לְשַׂחֶק בָּהּ. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְּבָרִיא שֶׁאָמַר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nוְעָלָה לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג וְנָפַל וּמֵת, \nאָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nאִם מֵעַצְמוֹ נָפַל, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט; \nאִם הָרוּח דְּחָיַתּוּ, אֵינוּ גֵט. \n",
+ "ט\nאָמַר לִשְׁנַיִם: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nאוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ. \nאָמַר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nיֹאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִים \"כְּתֹבוּ\", \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nזוֹ הֲלָכָה שָׁלַח חֲנַנְיָה אִישׁ אוֹנוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִין: \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי בְאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nשֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִין \"כְּתֹבוּ\", \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nנוּמִינוּ לַשָּׁלִיחַ: \nאַף אָנוּ מְקֻבָּלִין, \nשֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר בְּבֵית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nשֶׁיִּלְמְדוּ וְיִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ לָהּ. \nאָמַר לַעֲשָׂרָה: \n\"תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וּשְׁנַיִם חוֹתְמִים; \n\"כֻּלְּכֶם כְּתֹבוּ\", \nאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וְכֻלָּם חוֹתְמִין; \nלְפִיכָךְ אִם מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nהֲרֵי הַגֵּט בָּטֵל. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nמִי שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, וְאָמַר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. \nאָמַר: \n\"כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי\", \nוַאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, \nחָזַר וְאָמַר: \n\"אַל תִּכְתְּבוּ\", \nאֵין דְּבָרָיו הָאַחֲרוֹנִים כְּלוּם. \nנִשְׁתַּתַּק, אָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתָּךְ?\" \nוְהִרְכִּין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, \nבּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה פְעָמִים. \nאִם אָמַר עַל לָאו \"לָאו\", וְעַל הִן \"הִן\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתְּנוּ. \n",
+ "ב\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתָּךְ?\" \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \n\"כְּתֹבוּ!\" \nאָמְרוּ לַסּוֹפֵר וְכָתַב, <וכתבו>\nוְלָעֵדִים וְחָתְמוּ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּתָבוּהוּ וַחֲתָמוּהוּ, וּנְתָנוּהוּ לוֹ, \nוְחָזַר וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, \nהֲרֵי הַגֵּט בָּטֵל, \nעַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לַסּוֹפֵר \"כְּתֹב!\" \nוְלָעֵדִים \"חֲתֹמוּ!\" \n",
+ "ג\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ אִם מַתִּי\", \n\"זֶה גִטִּיךְ [אִם מַתִּי] מֵחֳלִי זֶה\", \n\"זֶה גִטִּיךְ לְאַחַר מִיתָתִי\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. \n\"מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי\", \n\"מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם מַתִּי\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. \n\"מֵהַיּוֹם לְאַחַר מִיתָתִי\", \nאֵינוּ גֵט, \nוְאִם מֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n\nד\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי מֵחֳלִי זֶה\", \nוְעָמַד וְהָלַךְ בַּשּׁוּק, וְחָלָה וּמֵת, \nאוֹמְדִים אוֹתוֹ: <עוֹמְדִים>\nאִם מֵחֲמַת הַחֹלִי הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵת, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט, \nוְאִם לָאו, אֵינוּ גֵט. \n",
+ "לֹא תִתְיַחֵד עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי עֵדִים, \nאֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, \nחוּץ מִשִּׁפְחָתָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבָּהּ גַּס בְּשִׁפְחָתָהּ. \nמַה הִיא בְאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים? \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nכְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ לְכָל דָּבָר. \nוּרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nמְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "ה\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז\", \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְתִתֵּן. \n\"עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם\", \nנָתְנָה לּוֹ בְתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, \nמְגֹרֶשֶׁת, \nוְאִם לָאו, אֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \nאָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי אִסְטְלִיתִי\", \nוְאָבְדָה אִסְטְלִיתוֹ, \nאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nתִּתֶּן לוֹ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ. \n",
+ "ו\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nעַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא\", \nוְ\"עַל מְנָת שֶׁתָּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי\", \nוְכַמָּה הִיא מְנִיקַתּוּ? \nשְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: <יודה>\nשְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. \nמֵת הַבֵּן אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. \n\nז\n\"עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים\", \nוְ\"עַל מְנָת שֶׁתָּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים\", \nמֵת הַבֵּן, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הָאָב: \n\"אֵי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשֵׁנִי\", \nשֶׁלֹּא בְהַקְפָּדָה, אֵינוּ גֵט. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכָּזֶה גֵט. \nכְּלָל אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nכָּל עַכָּבָא שֶׁאֵינָה מִמֶּנָּה, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. \n",
+ "ח\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.\" \nהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִיהוּדָה לַגָּלִיל, \nהִגִּיעַ לְאַנְטִיפַּטְרוֹס וְחָזַר, <לְאַנְטִיפְטְרוֹס>\nבָּטַל הַתְּנַי. \n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.\" \nהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, \nוְהִגִּיעַ לִכְפַר עָתְנִי וְחָזַר, \nבָּטַל הַתְּנַי. \n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.\" \nהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nהִגִּיעַ לְעַכּוֹ וְחָזַר, \nבָּטַל הַתְּנַי. \n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nכָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֶעֱבֹר מִכְּנֶגֶד פָּנַיִךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.\" <פָּנֶיךָ>\nהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, \nהוֹאִיל וְלֹא נִתְיַחַד עִמָּהּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. \n",
+ "ט\n\"הֲרֵי זֶה גִטִּיךְ, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ.\" \nמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nאֵינוּ גֵט. \n\"מֵעַכְשָׁו, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ.\" \nמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. \n",
+ "י\n\"אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nכִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי!\" \nכָּתְבוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nוְנָתְנוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nאֵינוּ גֵט. \n\"כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, \nאִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ\", \nכָּתְבוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, \nוְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, \nאֵינוּ גֵט. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּזֶה גֵט. \nכָּתְבוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nוְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת. \nאִם גֵּט קָדַם לַמִּיתָה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט, \nוְאִם מִיתָה קָדְמָה לַגֵּט, אֵינוּ גֵט. \nוְאִם אֵינוּ יָדוּעַ, \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמָרוּ: \nמְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַזּוֹרֵק גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְהִיא בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \nזְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ לְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרוֹ, \nאֲפִלּוּ הוּא עִמָּהּ בַּמִּטָּה, \nאֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \nלְתוֹךְ חֵיקָהּ אוֹ לְתוֹךְ קְלְָתָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "אָמַר לָהּ: \n\"כִּנְסִי שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה\", \nאוֹ שֶׁמְּצָאַתּוּ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, \nקוֹרָא, וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִּטָּהּ, <קוֹרֵא>\nאֵינוּ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ \"הֲרֵי הוּא גִטִּיךְ\". \nנָתַן בְּיָדָהּ וְהִיא יְשֵׁנָה, \nנֵעוֹרָה, קוֹרָא, וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִּטָּהּ, \nאֵינוּ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ \"הוּא גִטִּיךְ\". \nהָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, \nקָרוֹב לָהּ, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, \nקָרוֹב לוֹ, אֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, \nמַחְצָה לְמַחְצָה, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "ב\nוְכֵן לְעִנְיַן הַקִּדּוּשִׁין וּלְעִנְיַן הַחוֹב. \nאָמַר לוֹ בַעַל חוֹבוֹ \"זְרֹק לִי חוֹבִי!\" \nוּזְרָקוֹ לוֹ, \nקָרוֹב לַמַּלֹוֶה, זָכָה הַלֹוֶה, \nקָרוֹב לַלֹוֶה, הַלֹוֶה חַיָּב, \nמַחְצָה לְמַחְצָה, שְׁנֵיהֶן יַחֲלֹקוּ. \nהָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בְּרֹאשׁ הַגַּג וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, \nכֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַאֲוֵיר הַגַּג, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \nהוּא מִלְּמַעְלָן וְהִיא מִלְּמַטָּן וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, \nכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא מֵרְשׁוּת הַגַּג, \nוְנִמְחַק אוֹ נִשְׂרַף, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "ד\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nפּוֹטֵר הוּא אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. \nוְאֵי זֶה הוּא גֵט יָשָׁן? \nכָּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחַד עִמָּהּ מֵאַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ. \n",
+ "ה\nכָּתַב לְשֵׁם מַלְכוּת שֶׁאֵינָה הוֹגֶנֶת, \nלְשֵׁם מַלְכוּת מָדַי, וּלְשֵׁם מַלְכוּת יָוָן, \nלְבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת, וּלְחָרְבַּן הַבַּיִת; \nהָיָה בַמִּזְרָח וְכָתַב \"בַּמַּעֲרָב\", \nבַּמַּעֲרָב וְכָתַב \"בַּמִּזְרָח\", \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. \nוְאֵין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה, וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, \nוְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָיוֹת עַל זֶה וְעַל זֶה. \nוְאִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחְזִיר. \nוְהַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. \nלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמִּין לָהּ. \nוְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִים לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ, \nוְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וְלֹא בְהֶפֶר נְדָרֶיהָ. \nהָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסָלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, \nוּבַת לֵוִי, מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, \nוּבַת כֹּהֵן, מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. \nאֵין יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁלָּזֶה וְיוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁלָּזֶה יוֹרְשִׁין כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. \nמֵתוּ, \nאֶחָיו שֶׁלָּזֶה וְאֶחָיו שֶׁלָּזֶה חוֹלְצִים וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִים. \nשִׁנָּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ, וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָּהּ. \n",
+ "ו\nכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ: \nצָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת, \nהָלְכוּ הַצָּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ וְנִשְּׂאוּ, \nוְנִמְצְאוּ אֵלּוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָּהּ. \n",
+ "ז\nהַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nוְהָלְכָה צָרָתָהּ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר, \nנִמְצֵאת זוֹ שֶׁהִיא אַיְלוֹנִית, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָּהּ. \n",
+ "ח\nכָּתַב הַסּוֹפֵר [גֵּט לָאִישׁ וְשׁוֹבָר לָאִשָּׁה], \nוְטָעָה וְנָתַן גֵּט לָאִשָּׁה וְהַשּׁוֹבָר לָאִישׁ, \nוְנָתְנוּ זֶה לָזֶה, \nלְאַחַר זְמַן הֲרֵי הַגֵּט יוֹצֵא מִיַּד הָאִישׁ, \nוְהַשּׁוֹבָר מִיַּד הָאִשָּׁה, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָּהּ. \n\nט\nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nאִם עַל אֲתַר (זְמַן) יָצָא, \nאֵין זֶה גֵט, \nאִם לְאַחַר זְמַן יָצָא, \nהֲרֵי זֶה גֵט, \nשֶׁלֹּא הַכֹּל מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן לְאַבֵּד זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁלַּשֵּׁנִי. \n\nי\nכָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nפְּסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ עַל תְּנַי, \nוְלֹא נֶעֱשָׂה תְנַי, \nלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \n",
+ "יא\nהַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בַפָּנְדְּקִי, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינָה צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nצְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. \nאֶמָּתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁגֵּרְשָׁהּ מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִים. \nוּמוֹדִים בְּנִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִים, \nשֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. \nכְּנָסָהּ בְּגֵט קֵרֵחַ, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָּהּ. \n",
+ "יב\nגֵּט קֵרֵחַ, \nהַכֹּל מַשְׁלִימִים עָלָיו. \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֶן נַנָּס. <נָנָס> \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מַשְׁלִימִין עָלָיו \nאֶלָּא הַקְּרוֹבִים הָרְאוּיִים לְהָעִיד בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר. \nאֵי זֶה הוּא גֵט קֵרֵחַ? \nכָּל שֶׁקְּשָׁרָיו מְרֻבִּים מֵעֵדָיו. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר לָהּ: \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם אֶלָּא לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי\", \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \nכֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה? \nיִטְּלֶנּוּ מִמֶּנָּה וְיַחְזֹר וְיִתְּנֶנּוּ לָהּ, וְיֹאמַר לָהּ: \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָן.\" \nאִם כְּתָבוֹ בְתוֹכוֹ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר וּמְחָקוֹ, פָּסוּל. \n",
+ "ב\n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם, \nאֶלָּא לְאַבָּא וּלְאָבִיךְ\", \"לְאַחַי וּלְאַחַיִךְ\", \nלָעֶבֶד וְלַנָּכְרִי, \nוּלְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁים, \nכָּשֵׁר. \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם, אֶלָּא...\" \nאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nמַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַמַּמְזֵר וְלַנָּתִין, \nוּלְכָל מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁים אֲפִלּוּ בַעֲבֵרָה, \nפָּסוּל. \n",
+ "ג\nגּוּפוֹ שֶׁלַּגֵּט: \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם\". \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: <יודה>\n\"וְדֵין דִּי יֶהֱוֵי לִיךְ מִנִּי, \nסֵפֶר תִּרּוּכִין וְאִגֶּרֶת שִׁבּוּקִין, \nלִמְהָךְ לְהִתְנַסְבָה לְכָל גְּבַר דִּי תִצְבְּיִין\". \nגּוּפוֹ שֶׁלְּגֵט שַׁחְרוּר: \n\"הֲרֵי אַתָּה בֶּן חוֹרִי, <את>\nהֲרֵי אַתָּה שֶׁלְּעַצְמָךְ\". <את>\n",
+ "ד\nשְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּים פְּסוּלִים, \nוְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלֶד כָּשֵׁר: \nכָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, \nוְשֶׁעָלָיו עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמַן, \nיֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמַן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, \nאֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּים פְּסוּלִים, \nוְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלֶד כָּשֵׁר. \n\nה\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים, \nכָּשֵׁר, \nוְגוֹבָה מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, \nשֶׁאֵין הָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט \nאֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ו\nשְׁנַיִם שֶׁשִּׁלְּחוּ שְׁנֵי גִטִּים שָׁוִים וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, \nנוֹתֵן שְׁנֵיהֶן לָזוֹ וּשְׁנֵיהֶן לָזוֹ. \nלְפִיכָךְ אִם אָבַד אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nהֲרֵי הַשֵּׁנִי בָטֵל. \n\nז\nחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁכָּתְבוּ כְלָל בְּתוֹךְ הַגֵּט: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת פְּלָנִית, \nוּפְלוֹנִי לִפְלָנִית\", <לפלונית>\nוְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, \nכֻּלָּן כְּשֵׁרִים, וְיִנָּתֵן לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. \nהָיָה כוֹתֵב טֹפֶס לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת, <אחד ואחד>\nוְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּן, \nאֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִים עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "ח\nשְׁנֵי גִטִּין שֶׁכְּתָבָן זֶה בְצַד זֶה, \nשְׁנֵי עֵדִים עִבְרִים בָּאִין מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, \nשְׁנֵי עֵדִים יְוָנִים בָּאִין מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה; \nאֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים נִקְרִים עִמּוֹ, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nעֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, \nעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי וְעֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי, \nבָּאִין מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, \nשְׁנֵיהֶן פְּסוּלִין. \n",
+ "ט\nשִׁיֵּר מִקְצָת הַגֵּט וּכְתָבוֹ בַדַּף הַשֵּׁנִי, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּן, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nכָּתְבוּ הָעֵדִים בְּרֹאשׁ הַדַּף, מִן הַצַּד אוֹ מִן אַחֲרָיו, \nבְּגֵט פָּשׁוּט, פָּסוּל. \nהִקִּיף רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה בְּצַד רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּסוּלִין. \nרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה לְצַד סוֹפוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה, \nוְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּן, \nאֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִים בְּסוֹפוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. \n",
+ "י\nגֵּט שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית וְעֵדָיו יְוָנִים, \nיְוָנִית וְעֵדָיו עִבְרִים, \nעֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, \nעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי וְעֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי, \nכָּשֵׁר.\nכָּתַב הַסּוֹפֵר וְעֵד, כָּשֵׁר. \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד\", כָּשֵׁר. \n\"בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד\", כָּשֵׁר. \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוְלֹא כָתַב \"עֵד\", כָּשֵׁר. \nכָּתַב חֲנִיכָתוֹ וַחֲנִיכָתָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. \nכָּךְ הָיוּ בְקִיֵּי הַדַּעַת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כּוֹתְבִין. \nגֵּט מְעֻשֶּׂה, <מעוסה>\nבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כָּשֵׁר וּבַגּוֹיִם פָּסוּל. \nוְהַגּוֹיִם חוֹבְטִים אוֹתוֹ וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ: <ובגוים>\n\"עֲשֵׂה מַה שֶּׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִין לָךְ\", \nוְכָשֵׁר. \n",
+ "יא\nיָצָא שְׁמָהּ בְּעִיר \"מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת\", הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, \n\"מְגֹרֶשֶׁת\", הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם מִתְלָא. <מותלא. וכך כל פעם> \nוְאֵיזוֹ הִיא מִתְלָא? \nגֵּרַשׁ אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל תְּנַי, \nזָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ, \nזוֹ הִיא מִתְלָא. \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא יְגָרֵשׁ אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כד,א) \n\"כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר\". \nבֵּית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֲפִלּוּ הִקְדִּיחָה תַבְשִׁילוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כד,א) \n\"כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר\". \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ מָצָא אַחֶרֶת נָוָה מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כד,א) \n\"וְהָיָה אִם לֹא תִמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו, \nכִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר, \nוְכָתַב לָהּ סֵפֶר כְּרִיתֻת וְנָתַן בְּיָדָהּ, וְשִׁלְּחָהּ מִבֵּיתוֹ.\" \n\n\n\n\n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1a86f531ff8a9773e704edc47969e1901ec7bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "המביא גט ממדינת הים צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם. רבן גמליאל אומר אף המביא מן הרקם ומן החגר. רבי אליעזר אומר אפילו מכפר לודים ללוד. וחכמים אומרים אינו צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם אלא המביא ממדינת הים והמוליך. והמביא ממדינה למדינה במדינת הים צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אפילו מהגמוניא להגמוניא. ",
+ "רבי יהודה אומר מרקם למזרח ורקם כמזרח. מאשקלון לדרום ואשקלון כדרום. מעכו לצפון ועכו כצפון. רבי מאיר אומר עכו כארץ ישראל לגטין: ",
+ "המביא גט בארץ ישראל אינו צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם. אם יש עליו עוררים יתקיים בחותמיו. המביא גט ממדינת הים ואינו יכול לומר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם אם יש עליו עדים יתקיים בחותמיו: ",
+ "אחד גיטי נשים ואחד שחרורי עבדים שוו למוליך ולמביא. וזו אחד מן הדרכים ששוו גיטי נשים לשחרורי עבדים. ",
+ "כל גט שיש עליו עד כותי פסול. חוץ מגיטי נשים ושחרורי עבדים. מעשה שהביאו לפני רבן גמליאל לכפר עותנאי גט אשה והיו עדיו עדי כותים והכשיר. כל השטרות העולים בערכאות של גוים. אף על פי שחותמיהם גוים כשרים. חוץ מגיטי נשים ושחרורי עבדים. ר' שמעון אומר אף אלו כשרין לא הוזכרו אלא בזמן שנעשו בהדיוט: ",
+ "האומר תן גט זה לאשתי ושטר שחרור זה לעבדי אם רצה לחזור בשניהן יחזור דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים אומרים בגיטי נשים אבל לא בשחרורי עבדים. לפי שזכין לאדם שלא בפניו ואין חבין לו אלא בפניו. שאם ירצה שלא לזון את עבדו רשאי ושלא לזון את אשתו אינו רשאי. אמר להם והרי הוא פוסל את עבדו מן התרומה כשם שהוא פוסל את אשתו. אמרו לו מפני שהוא קנינו. האומר תנו גט זה לאשתי ושטר שחרור זה לעבדי ומת לא יתנו לאחר מיתה. תנו מנה לאיש פלוני ומת יתנו לאחר מיתה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המביא גט ממדינת הים ואמר בפני נכתב אבל לא בפני נחתם. בפני נחתם אבל לא בפני נכתב. בפני נכתב כולו ובפני נחתם חציו בפני נכתב חציו ובפני נחתם כולו פסול. אחד אומר בפני נכתב ואחד אומר בפני נחתם פסול. שנים אומרים בפנינו נכתב ואחד אומר בפני נחתם פסול. ור' יהודה מכשיר. אחד אומר בפני נכתב ושנים אומרים בפנינו נחתם כשר. ",
+ "נכתב ביום ונחתם ביום. בלילה ונחתם בלילה. בלילה ונחתם ביום כשר. ביום ונחתם בלילה פסול. רבי שמעון מכשיר. שהיה רבי שמעון אומר כל הגטין שנכתבו ביום. ונחתמו בלילה. פסולין. חוץ מגיטי נשים. ",
+ "בכל כותבין. בדיו בסם בסיקרא ובקומוס ובקנקנתום. ובכל דבר שהוא של קיימא. אין כותבין לא במשקים. ולא במי פירות. ולא בכל דבר שאינו מתקיים. על הכל כותבין. על העלה של זית. ועל הקרן של פרה. ונותן לה את הפרה. על יד של עבד. ונותן לה את העבד. רבי יוסי הגלילי אומר. אין כותבין לא על דבר שיש בו רוח חיים. ולא על האוכלים: ",
+ "אין כותבין במחובר לקרקע. כתבו במחובר. תלשו וחתמו ונתנו לה כשר. רבי יהודה פוסל עד שתהא כתיבתו וחתימתו בתלוש. רבי יהודה בן בתירא אומר אין כותבין לא על הנייר המחוק ולא על הדיפתרא מפני שהוא יכול להזדייף. וחכמים מכשירין: ",
+ "הכל כשרין לכתוב את הגט. אפילו חרש שוטה וקטן. האשה כותבת את גיטה. והאיש כותב את שוברו. שאין קיום הגט אלא בחותמיו. הכל כשרין להביא את הגט. חוץ מחרש שוטה וקטן וסומא ונכרי: ",
+ " קבל הקטן והגדיל. חרש ונתפקח. סומא ונתפתח. שוטה ונשתפה נכרי ונתגייר פסול. אבל פקח ונתחרש וחזר ונתפקח. פתוח ונסתמא וחזר ונתפתח. שפוי ונשתטה וחזר ונשתפה כשר. זה הכלל כל שתחלתו וסופו בדעת כשר: ",
+ "אף הנשים שאינן נאמנות לומר מת בעלה נאמנות להביא את גיטה. חמותה. ובת חמותה. וצרתה. ויבמתה. ובת בעלה. מה בין גט למיתה שהכתב מוכיח. האשה עצמה מביאה את גיטה ובלבד שהיא צריכה לומר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל גט שנכתב שלא לשום אשה פסול. כיצד. היה עובר בשוק ושמע קול סופרים מקרין. איש פלוני מגרש את פלונית ממקום פלוני. ואמר זה שמי וזה שם אשתי. פסול לגרש בו. יתר מכן כתב לגרש בו את אשתו ונמלך. מצאו בן עירו ואמר לו שמי כשמך. ושם אשתי כשם אשתך. פסול לגרש בו. יתר מכן היו לו שתי נשים ושמותיהן שוות. כתב לגרש בו את הגדולה. לא יגרש בו את הקטנה. יתר מכן אמר ללבלר כתוב לאיזו שארצה אגרש. פסול לגרש בו. ",
+ "הכותב טופסי גיטין צריך שיניח מקום האיש. ומקום האשה. ומקום הזמן. שטרי מלוה. צריך שיניח מקום המלוה. מקום הלוה. מקום המעות. מקום הזמן. שטרי מקח. צריך שיניח מקום הלוקח ומקום המוכר ומקום המעות ומקום השדה ומקום הזמן. מפני התקנה. רבי יהודה פוסל בכולן רבי אלעזר מכשיר בכולן. חוץ מגיטי נשים. שנאמר (דברים כד, א) וכתב לה לשמה: ",
+ "המביא גט ואבד הימנו. מצאו לאלתר כשר. ואם לאו פסול. מצאו בחפיסה או בדלוסקמא אם מכירוכשר. המביא גט והניחו זקן או חולה נותנו לה בחזקת שהוא קיים. בת ישראל הנשואה לכהן. והלך בעלה למדינת הים. אוכלת בתרומה בחזקת שהוא קיים. השולח חטאתו ממדינת הים. מקריבין אותה בחזקת שהוא קיים. ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמר ר' אלעזר בן פרטא לפני חכמים וקיימו את דבריו. על עיר שהקיפה כרקום ועל הספינה המיטרפת בים. ועל היוצא לידון. שהן בחזקת קיימין. אבל עיר שכבשה כרקום. וספינה שאבדה בים. והיוצא ליהרג. נותנין עליהן חומרי חיים וחומרי מתים. בת ישראל לכהן ובת כהן לישראל לא תאכל בתרומה: ",
+ "המביא גט בארץ ישראל וחלה. הרי זה משלחו ביד אחר. ואם אמר לו טול לי הימנה חפץ פלוני לא ישלחנו ביד אחר. שאין רצונו שיהא פקדונו ביד אחר. ",
+ "המביא גט ממדינת הים וחלה. עושה בית דין ומשלחו ואומר לפניהם בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם. ואין שליח אחרון צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם אלא אומר שליח בית דין אני: ",
+ "המלוה מעות את הכהן ואת הלוי ואת העני להיות מפריש עליהן מחלקן. מפריש עליהן בחזקת שהן קיימין. ואינו חושש שמא מת הכהן או הלוי או העשיר העני. מתו צריך ליטול רשות מן היורשין. אם הלוון בפני בית דין אינו צריך ליטול רשות מן היורשים: ",
+ "המניח פירות להיות מפריש עליהן תרומה ומעשרות. מעות להיות מפריש עליהן מעשר שני. מפריש עליהן בחזקת שהן קיימין. אם אבדו הרי זה חושש מעת לעת. דברי ר' אלעזר בן שמוע. רבי יהודה אומר בשלשה פרקים בודקין את היין. בקדים של מוצאי החג. ובהוצאת סמדר. ובשעת כניסת מים בבוסר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "השולח גט לאשתו. והגיע בשליח. או ששלח אחריו שליח. ואמר לו גט שנתתי לך בטל הוא הרי זה בטל. קדם אצל אשתו. או ששלח אצלה שליח. ואמר לה גט ששלחתי ליך בטל הוא. הרי זה בטל. אם משהגיע גט לידה שוב אינו יכול לבטלו. ",
+ "בראשונה היה עושה בית דין במקום אחר ומבטלו. התקין רבן גמליאל הזקן. שלא יהו עושין כן. מפני תקון העולם. בראשונה היה משנה שמו ושמה. שם עירו ושם עירה. והתקין רבן גמליאל הזקן שיהא כותב איש פלוני וכל שם שיש לו. אשה פלונית. וכל שום שיש לה. מפני תקון העולם ",
+ "אין אלמנה נפרעת מנכסי יתומים אלא בשבועה. נמנעו מלהשביעה. התקין רבן גמליאל הזקן שתהא נודרת ליתומים כל מה שירצו וגובה כתובתה. העדים חותמין על הגט מפני תיקון העולם. הלל התקין פרוזבול מפני תיקון העולם: ",
+ "עבד שנשבה ופדאוהו. אם לשום עבד ישתעבד. אם לשום בן חורין לא ישתעבד. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר בין כך ובין כך ישתעבד. עבד שעשאו רבו אפותיקי לאחרים ושחררו. שורת הדין אין העבד חייב כלום. אלא מפני תקון העולם כופין את רבו ועושה אותו בן חורין וכותב שטר על דמיו. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אינו כותב אלא משחרר: ",
+ "מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין עובד את רבו יום אחד. ואת עצמו יום אחד. דברי בית הלל. אמרו לו בית שמאי תקנתם את רבו ואת עצמו לא תקנתם. לישא שפחה אי אפשר שכבר חציו בן חורין. בת חורין אי אפשר שכבר חציו עבד. יבטל והלא לא נברא העולם אלא לפריה ורביה שנאמר (ישעיה מה, יח) לא תהו בראה לשבת יצרה. אלא מפני תקון העולם כופין את רבו ועושה אותו בן חורין וכותב שטר על חצי דמיו. וחזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי: ",
+ "המוכר עבדו לגוי או לחוצה לארץ יצא בן חורין. אין פודין את השבויים יותר על כדי דמיהן מפני תקון העולם. ואין מבריחין את השבויין מפני תקון העולם. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר מפני תקנת השבויין. ואין לוקחים ספרים תפילין ומזוזות מן הגוים יותר על כדי דמיהן מפני תקון העולם: ",
+ "המוציא את אשתו משום שם רע לא יחזיר. משום נדר לא יחזיר. רבי יהודה אומר כל נדר שידעו בו רבים לא יחזיר. ושלא ידעו בו רבים יחזיר. ר' מאיר אומר כל נדר שצריך חקירת חכם לא יחזיר. ושאינו צריך חקירת חכם יחזיר. אמר ר' אליעזר לא אסרו זה אלא מפני זה. אמר רבי יוסי בר יהודה מעשה בצידן באחד שאמר לאשתו קונם אם איני מגרשיך. וגרשה. והתירו לו חכמים שיחזירנה מפני תקון העולם: ",
+ "המוציא את אשתו משום אילונית. רבי יהודה אומר לא יחזיר. וחכמים אומרים יחזיר. נישאת לאחר. והיו לה בנים הימנו והיא תובעת כתובתה. אמר רבי יהודה אומר לה שתיקותיך יפה ליך מדבוריך: ",
+ "המוכר את עצמו ואת בניו לגוי אין פודין אותו. אבל פודין את הבנים לאחר מיתת אביהן. המוכר את שדהו לגוי וחזר ולקחה ממנו ישראל הלוקח מביא ממנו בכורים מפני תקון העולם: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הנזקין שמין להם בעידית ובעל חוב בבינונית. וכתובת אשה בזיבורית. ר' מאיר אומר אף כתובת אשה בבינונית: \n",
+ "אין נפרעין מנכסים משועבדים במקום שיש נכסים בני חורין ואפילו הן זיבורית. אין נפרעין מנכסי יתומים אלא מן הזיבורית: \n",
+ "אין מוציאין לאכילת פירות ולשבח קרקעות ולמזון האשה והבנות מנכסים משועבדים. מפני תקון העולם. והמוצא מציאה לא ישבע מפני תקון העולם: \n",
+ "יתומים שסמכו אצל בעל הבית או שמינה להן אביהן אפוטרופוס חייב לעשר פירותיהן. אפוטרופוס שמינהו אבי יתומים ישבע. מינהו בית דין לא ישבע. אבא שאול אומר חלוף הדברים. המטמא. והמדמע. והמנסך. בשוגג פטור. במזיד חייב. הכהנים שפגלו במקדש מזידין חייבין: \n",
+ "העיד רבי יוחנן בן גודגדה על החרשת שהשיאה אביה. שהיא יוצאה בגט. ועל קטנה בת ישראל שנשאת לכהן. שאוכלת בתרומה. ואם מתה. בעלה יורשה. ועל המריש הגזול שבנאו בבירה. שיטול את דמיו. מפני תקנת השבים. ועל חטאת הגזולה שלא נודעה לרבים. שהיא מכפרת. מפני תקון המזבח. \n",
+ "לא היה סיקריקון ביהודה בהרוגי מלחמה. מהרוגי מלחמה ואילך. יש בה סיקריקון. כיצד. לקח מסיקריקון. וחזר ולקח מבעל הבית. מקחו בטל. מבעל הבית וחזר ולקח מסיקריקון. מקחו קיים. לקח מן האיש. וחזר ולקח מן האשה. מקחו בטל. מן האשה וחזר ולקח מן האיש. מקחו קיים. זו משנה ראשונה. בית דין של אחריהם אמרו. הלוקח מסיקריקון. נותן לבעלים רביע. אימתי. בזמן שאין בידן ליקח. אבל יש בידן ליקח. הן קודמין לכל אדם. רבי הושיב בית דין ונמנו שאם שהתה בפני סיקריקון שנים עשר חדש. כל הקודם ליקח זוכה. אבל נותן לבעלים רביע: \n",
+ "חרש רומז ונרמז. ובן בתירה אומר. קופץ ונקפץ במטלטלין. הפעוטות מקחן מקח. וממכרן ממכר במטלטלין: \n",
+ "ואלו דברים אמרו מפני דרכי שלום. כהן קורא ראשון. ואחריו לוי. ואחריו ישראל. מפני דרכי שלום. מערבין בבית ישן. מפני דרכי שלום. בור שהוא קרוב לאמה. מתמלא ראשון מפני דרכי שלום. מצודות חיה ועופות ודגים יש בהם משום גזל. מפני דרכי שלום. רבי יוסי אומר גזל גמור. מציאת חרש שוטה וקטן יש בהן משום גזל מפני דרכי שלום. ר' יוסי אומר גזל גמור. עני המנקף בראש הזית. מה שתחתיו גזל מפני דרכי שלום. ר' יוסי אומר גזל גמור. אין ממחין ביד עניי גוים בלקט שכחה ופאה. מפני דרכי שלום: \n",
+ "משאלת אשה לחברתה החשודה על השביעית נפה וכברה ורחים ותנור. אבל לא תבור ולא תטחן עמה. אשת חבר משאלת לאשת עם הארץ. נפה. וכברה. ובוררת. וטוחנת ומרקדת עמה. אבל משתטיל המים. לא תגע עמה. לפי שאין מחזיקין ידי עוברי עבירה. וכולן לא אמרו אלא מפני דרכי שלום. ומחזיקין ידי גוים בשביעית אבל לא ידי ישראל. ושואלין בשלומן מפני דרכי שלום: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "האומר התקבל גט זה לאשתי או הולך גט זה לאשתי אם רצה לחזור יחזור. האשה שאמרה התקבל לי גטי. אם רצה לחזור. לא יחזור. לפיכך אם אמר לו הבעל אי אפשי שתקבל לה. אלא הולך ותן לה. אם רצה לחזור יחזור רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר. אף האומרת טול לי גטי. אם רצה לחזור. לא יחזור: ",
+ "האשה שאמרה התקבל לי גטי. צריכה שתי כתי עדים. שנים שאומרים בפנינו אמרה. ושנים שאומרים בפנינו קבל וקרע. אפילו הן הראשונים והן האחרונים. או אחד מן הראשונים. ואחד מן האחרונים. ואחד מצטרף עמהן. נערה המאורסה. היא ואביה מקבלין את גיטה. אמר רבי יהודה אין שתי ידים זוכות כאחת. אלא אביה מקבל את גטה בלבד. וכל שאינה יכולה לשמור את גטה אינה יכולה להתגרש: ",
+ "קטנה שאמרה התקבל לי גטי. אינו גט עד שיגיע גט לידה. לפיכך אם רצה הבעל לחזור. יחזור. שאין קטן עושה שליח. אבל אם אמר לו אביה. צא והתקבל לבתי גטה. אם רצה להחזיר לא יחזיר. האומר תן גט זה לאשתי במקום פלוני. ונתנו לה במקום אחר. פסול. הרי היא במקום פלוני. ונתנו לה במקום אחר. כשר האשה שאמרה התקבל לי גטי במקום פלוני. וקבלו לה במקום אחר. פסול. רבי אליעזר מכשיר. הבא לי גטי ממקום פלוני. והביאו לה ממקום אחר כשר: ",
+ "הבא לי גטי אוכלת בתרומה עד שיגיע גט לידה. התקבל לי גטי. אסורה לאכול בתרומה מיד. התקבל לי גטי במקום פלוני. אוכלת בתרומה עד שיגיע גט לאותו מקום. ר' אליעזר אוסר מיד: ",
+ "האומר כתבו גט. ותנו לאשתי. גרשוה. כתבו אגרת ותנו לה. הרי אלו יכתבו ויתנו. פטרוה. פרנסוה. עשו לה כנימוס. עשו לה כראוי. לא אמר כלום. בראשונה היו אומרים היוצא בקולר ואמר כתבו גט לאשתי הרי אלו יכתבו ויתנו. חזרו לומר. אף המפרש והיוצא בשיירא. ר' שמעון שזורי אומר. אף המסוכן: ",
+ "מי שהיה מושלך לבור. ואמר כל השומע את קולו יכתוב גט לאשתו. הרי אלו יכתבו ויתנו. הבריא שאמר כתבו גט לאשתי רצה לשחק בה. מעשה בבריא אחד שאמר כתבו גט לאשתי ועלה לראש הגג. ונפל ומת. אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל. אמרו חכמים אם מעצמו נפל. הרי זה גט. אם הרוח דחאתו. אינו גט. ",
+ "אמר לשנים תנו גט לאשתי. או לשלשה כתבו גט ותנו לאשתי. הרי אלו יכתבו ויתנו. אמר לשלשה תנו גט לאשתי. הרי אלו יאמרו לאחרים ויכתבו. מפני שעשאן בית דין. דברי ר' מאיר. וזו הלכה העלה רבי חנינא איש אונו מבית האסורין. מקובל אני באומר לשלשה תנו גט לאשתי. שיאמרו לאחרים. ויכתבו. מפני שעשאן בית דין. אמר רבי יוסי נומינו לשליח אף אנו מקובלין. שאפילו אמר לבית דין הגדול שבירושלים. תנו גט לאשתי. שילמדו ויכתבו ויתנו. אמר לעשרה כתבו גט לאשתי. אחד כותב ושנים חותמין כולכם כתובו. אחד כותב. וכולם חותמין. לפיכך אם מת אחד מהן. הרי זה גט בטל. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "מי שאחזו קורדייקוס ואמר כתבו גט לאשתי. לא אמר כלום. אמר כתבו גט לאשתי. ואחזו קורדייקוס. וחזר ואמר אל תכתבו. אין דבריו האחרונים כלום. נשתתק. ואמרו לו נכתוב גט לאשתך. והרכין בראשו. בודקין אותו שלשה פעמים. אם אמר על לאו. לאו. ועל הן. הן. הרי אלו יכתבו ויתנו: ",
+ "אמרו לו נכתוב גט לאשתך ואמר להם כתובו. אמרו לסופר וכתב ולעדים וחתמו. אף על פי שכתבוהו וחתמוהו ונתנוהו לו. וחזר ונתנו לה. הרי הגט בטל. עד שיאמר לסופר כתוב. ולעדים חתומו: ",
+ "זה גטך אם מתי. זה גטך אם מתי מחולי זה. זה גיטך לאחר מיתה. לא אמר כלום. מהיום אם מתי. מעכשיו אם מתי. הרי זה גט. מהיום ולאחר מיתה. גט. ואינו גט. אם מת. חולצת ולא מתיבמת. זה גטך מהיום אם מתי מחולי זה. ועמד והלך בשוק. וחלה ומת. אומדין אותו. אם מחמת חולי הראשון מת. הרי זה גט. ואם לאו אינו גט: ",
+ "לא תתיחד עמו. אלא בפני עדים. אפילו עבד אפילו שפחה. חוץ משפחתה. מפני שלבה גס בה בשפחתה. מה היא באותן הימים. רבי יהודה אומר. כאשת איש לכל דבריה. רבי יוסי אומר. מגורשת. ואינה מגורשת: ",
+ "הרי זה גטך על מנת שתתני לי מאתים זוז. הרי זו מגורשת ותתן. על מנת שתתני לי מכאן ועד שלשים יום. אם נתנה לו בתוך שלשים יום. מגורשת. ואם לאו אינה מגורשת. אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל מעשה בצידן. באחד שאמר לאשתו הרי זה גטך. על מנת שתתני לי אצטליתי ואבדה אצטליתו ואמרו חכמים תתן לו את דמיה: ",
+ "הרי זה גטך על מנת שתשמשי את אבא. על מנת שתינקי את בני. כמה היא מניקתו. שתי שנים. ר' יהודה אומר. שמונה עשר חדש. מת הבן או שמת האב. הרי זה גט. הרי זה גטך על מנת שתשמשי את אבא שתי שנים. על מנת שתניקי את בני שתי שנים. מת הבן או שמת האב או שאמר האב אי אפשי שתשמשני שלא בהקפדה. אינו גט. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כזה גט. כלל אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל כל עכבה שאינה הימנה. הרי זה גט: ",
+ "הרי זה גטך אם לא באתי מכאן עד שלשים יום. והיה הולך מיהודה לגליל. הגיע לאנטיפטרס וחזר בטל תנאו. הרי זה גטך אם לא באתי מכאן עד שלשים יום. והיה הולך מגליל ליהודה. והגיע לכפר עותנאי וחזר בטל תנאו. הרי זה גטך אם לא באתי מכאן עד שלשים יום. והיה הולך למדינת הים. והגיע לעכו וחזר. בטל תנאו. הרי זה גטך כל זמן שאעבור מכנגד פניך שלשים יום. היה הולך ובא הולך ובא. הואיל ולא נתייחד עמה. הרי זה גט: ",
+ "הרי זה גטך אם לא באתי מכאן ועד שנים עשר חדש. ומת בתוך שנים עשר חדש. אינו גט. הרי זה גטך מעכשיו אם לא באתי מכאן ועד שנים עשר חדש. ומת בתוך שנים עשר חדש. הרי זה גט: ",
+ "אם לא באתי מכאן עד שנים עשר חדש. כתבו ותנו גט לאשתי. כתבו גט בתוך שנים עשר חדש ונתנו לאחר שנים עשר חדש. אינו גט. כתבו ותנו גט לאשתי אם לא באתי מכאן עד שנים עשר חדש כתבו בתוך שנים עשר חדש ונתנו לאחר שנים עשר חדש אינו גט. ר' יוסי אומר כזה גט. כתבו לאחר שנים עשר חדש ונתנו לאחר שנים עשר חדש ומת. אם הגט קדם למיתה. הרי זה גט. ואם מיתה קדמה לגט אינו גט. ואם אין ידוע. זו היא שאמרו מגורשת ואינה מגורשת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הזורק גט לאשתו. והיא בתוך ביתה. או בתוך חצרה הרי זו מגורשת. זרקו לה בתוך ביתו. או בתוך חצרו אפילו הוא עמה במטה אינה מגורשת. לתוך חיקה. או לתוך קלתה. הרי זו מגורשת. ",
+ "אמר לה כנסי שטר חוב זה. או שמצאתו מאחוריו קוראה והרי הוא גטה. אינו גט עד שיאמר לה הא גטך. נתן בידה והיא ישנה. נעורה. קוראה. והרי הוא גטה. אינו גט. עד שיאמר לה הא גטך. היתה עומדת ברשות הרבים וזרקו לה. קרוב לה מגורשת. קרוב לו. אינה מגורשת. מחצה על מחצה. מגורשת ואינה מגורשת: ",
+ "וכן לענין קדושין. וכן לענין החוב. אמר לו בעל חובו זרוק לי חובי וזרקו לו. קרוב למלוה זכה הלוה. קרוב ללוה. הלוה חייב. מחצה על מחצה. שניהם יחלוקו. היתה עומדת על ראש הגג. וזרקו לה. כיון שהגיע לאויר הגג הרי זו מגורשת. הוא מלמעלה. והיא מלמטה. וזרקו לה. כיון שיצא מרשות הגג. נמחק. או נשרף. הרי זו מגורשת: ",
+ "בית שמאי אומרים. פוטר אדם אשתו בגט ישן. ובית הלל אוסרין. ואיזהו גט ישן כל שנתייחד עמה אחר שכתבו לה: ",
+ "כתב לשום מלכות שאינה הוגנת. לשום מלכות מדי לשום מלכות יון לבנין הבית לחורבן הבית. היה במזרח וכתב במערב. במערב וכתב במזרח. תצא מזה ומזה. וצריכה גט מזה ומזה. ואין לה לא כתובה. ולא פירות ולא מזונות. ולא בלאות. לא על זה ולא על זה. אם נטלה מזה ומזה תחזיר. והולד ממזר מזה ומזה. ולא זה וזה מטמאין לה. ולא זה וזה זכאין. לא במציאתה. ולא במעשה ידיה. ולא בהפרת נדריה. היתה בת ישראל נפסלת מן הכהונה. בת לוי מן המעשר. בת כהן מן התרומה, ואין יורשיו של זה ויורשיו של זה יורשין כתובתה. ואם מתו. אחיו של זה ואחיו של זה. חולצין ולא מיבמין. שינה שמו ושמה. שם עירו ושם עירה. תצא מזה ומזה. וכל הדרכים האלו בה. ",
+ "כל העריות שאמרו צרותיהן מותרות. הלכו הצרות האלו ונישאו. ונמצאו אלו אילונית. תצא מזה ומזה. וכל הדרכים האלו בה: ",
+ "הכונס את יבמתו והלכה צרתה ונשאת לאחר. ונמצאה זאת שהיא אילונית. תצא מזה ומזה. וכל הדרכים האלו בה: ",
+ "כתב סופר גט לאיש. ושובר לאשה. וטעה ונתן גט לאשה. ושובר לאיש. ונתנו זה לזה. ולאחר זמן. הרי הגט יוצא מיד האיש. ושובר מיד האשה. תצא מזה ומזה. וכל הדרכים האלו בה. רבי אליעזר אומר אם לאלתר יצא אין זה גט. אם לאחר זמן יצא הרי זה גט. לא כל הימנו מן הראשון לאבד זכותו של שני. כתב לגרש את אשתו ונמלך. בית שמאי אומרים פסלה מן הכהונה. ובית הלל אומרים אף על פי שנתנולה על תנאי. ולא נעשה התנאי לא פסלה מן הכהונה: ",
+ "המגרש את אשתו ולנה עמו בפונדקי. בית שמאי אומרים אינה צריכה הימנו גט שני. ובית הלל אומרים צריכה הימנו גט שני. אימתי בזמן שנתגרשה מן הנשואין. ומודים בנתגרשה מן האירוסין. שאינה צריכה הימנו גט שני. מפני שאין לבו גס בה. כנסה בגט קרח. תצא מזה ומזה. וכל הדרכים האלו בה: ",
+ "גט קרח הכל משלימין עליו. דברי בן ננס. רבי עקיבא אומר. אין משלימין עליו. אלא קרובים הראויין להעיד במקום אחר. ואיזהו גט קרח. כל שקשריו מרובין מעדיו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המגרש את אשתו ואמר לההרי את מותרת לכל אדם אלא לפלוני. רבי אליעזר מתיר. וחכמים אוסרין. כיצד יעשה יטלנו הימנה ויחזור ויתננו לה. ויאמר לה הרי את מותרת לכל אדם. ואם כתבו בתוכו אף על פי שחזר ומחקו פסול: ",
+ "הרי את מותרת לכל אדם אלא לאבא ולאביך. לאחי ולאחיך. לעבד ולנכרי ולכל מי שאין לה עליו קדושין. כשר. הרי את מותרת לכל אדם. אלא אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט. ממזרת ונתינה לישראל. בת ישראל לממזר ולנתין. ולכל מי שיש לה עליו קדושין אפילו בעבירה פסול: ",
+ "גופו של גט הרי את מותרת לכל אדם. רבי יהודה אומר ודין דיהוי ליכי מינאי ספר תירוכין. ואגרת שבוקין. וגט פטורין. למהך להתנסבא לכל גבר דתצביין. גופו של גט שחרור הרי את בת חורין. הרי את לעצמך: ",
+ "שלשה גטין פסולין. ואם נשאת הולד כשר. כתב בכתב ידו ואין עליו עדים. יש עליו עדים. ואין בו זמן. יש בו זמן. ואין בו אלא עד אחד. הרי אלו שלשה גטין פסולין. ואם נשאת הולד כשר. רבי אליעזר אומר אף על פי שאין עליו עדים. אלא שנתנו לה בפני עדים כשר. וגובה מנכסים משועבדים. שאין העדים חותמין על הגט. אלא מפני תקון העולם. ",
+ "שנים ששלחו שני גטין שוין ונתערבו. נותן שניהם לזו ושניהם לזו. לפיכך אבד אחד מהן הרי השני בטל. חמשה שכתבו כלל בתוך הגט. איש פלוני מגרש פלונית. ופלוני פלונית. והעדים מלמטה. כולן כשרין. וינתן לכל אחת ואחת. היה כתוב טופס לכל אחת ואחת והעדים מלמטה. את שהעדים נקרין עמו כשר: ",
+ "שני גטין שכתבן זה בצד זה. ושנים עדים עברים באים מתחת זה לתחת זה. ושנים עדים יונים באים מתחת זה לתחת זה. את שהעדים הראשונים נקראין עמו כשר. עד אחד עברי ועד אחד יוני. עד אחד עברי ועד אחד יוני. באין מתחת זה לתחת זה. שניהן פסולין. ",
+ "שייר מקצת הגט וכתבו בדף השני והעדים מלמטה כשר. חתמו עדים בראש הדף מן הצד או מאחריו בגט פשוט פסול. הקיף ראשו של זה בצד ראשו של זה והעדים באמצע. שניהם פסולין. סופו של זה בצד סופו של זה והעדים באמצע. את שהעדים נקרין עמו כשר. ראשו של זה בצד סופו של זה והעדים באמצע. את שהעדים נקרין בסופו כשר: ",
+ "גט שכתבו עברית ועדיו יונית. יונית ועדיו עברית. עד אחד עברי ועד אחד יוני. כתב סופר ועד. כשר. איש פלוני עד כשר. בן איש פלוני עד. כשר. איש פלוני בן איש פלוני ולא כתב עד. כשר. וכך היו נקיי הדעת שבירושלים עושין. כתב חניכתו וחניכתה. כשר. גט מעושה בישראל כשר. ובגוים פסול. ובגוים חובטין אותו ואומרים לו עשה מה שישראל אומרים לך וכשר. ",
+ "יצא שמה בעיר מקודשת הרי זו מקודשת. מגורשת הרי זו מגורשת. ובלבד שלא יהא שם אמתלא. איזו היא אמתלא. גירש איש פלוני את אשתו על תנאי. זרק לה קדושיה ספק קרוב לה ספק קרוב לו. זו היא אמתלא: ",
+ "בית שמאי אומרים לא יגרש אדם את אשתו אלא אם כן מצא בה דבר ערוה. שנאמר (דברים כד, א) כי מצא בה ערות דבר. ובית הלל אומרים אפילו הקדיחה תבשילו. שנאמר (דברים כד, א) כי מצא בה ערות דבר רבי עקיבא אומר אפילו מצא אחרת נאה הימנה. שנאמר (שם) והיה אם לא תמצא חן בעיניו: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c05d5cc5cf2368e32e3b25f6079d68576f089755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמֵּבִיא מִן הָרֶקֶם וּמִן הַחֶגֶר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מִכְּפַר לוּדִים לְלוֹד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אֶלָּא הַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְהַמּוֹלִיךְ. וְהַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינָה לִמְדִינָה בִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מֵהֶגְמוֹנְיָא לְהֶגְמוֹנְיָא: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֵרֶקֶם לַמִּזְרָח, וְרֶקֶם כַּמִּזְרָח. מֵאַשְׁקְלוֹן לַדָּרוֹם, וְאַשְׁקְלוֹן כַּדָּרוֹם. מֵעַכּוֹ לַצָּפוֹן, וְעַכּוֹ כַּצָּפוֹן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עַכּוֹ כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַגִּטִּין: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. אִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עוֹרְרִים, יִתְקַיֵּם בְּחוֹתְמָיו. הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים, יִתְקַיֵּם בְּחוֹתְמָיו: \n",
+ "אֶחָד גִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְאֶחָד שִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, שָׁווּ לַמּוֹלִיךְ וְלַמֵּבִיא. וְזוֹ אַחַד מִן הַדְּרָכִים שֶׁשָּׁווּ גִטֵּי נָשִׁים לְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים: \n",
+ "כָּל גֵּט שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו עֵד כּוּתִי, פָּסוּל, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לִכְפַר עוֹתְנַאי גֵּט אִשָּׁה וְהָיוּ עֵדָיו עֵדֵי כוּתִים, וְהִכְשִׁיר. כָּל הַשְּׁטָרוֹת הָעוֹלִים בְּעַרְכָּאוֹת שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחוֹתְמֵיהֶם גּוֹיִם, כְּשֵׁרִים, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף אֵלּוּ כְשֵׁרִין, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְהֶדְיוֹט: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי וּשְׁטָר שִׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן, יַחֲזֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּגִטֵּי נָשִׁים, אֲבָל לֹא בְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, לְפִי שֶׁזָּכִין לָאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו וְאֵין חָבִין לוֹ אֶלָּא בְּפָנָיו. שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה שֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת עַבְדּוֹ, רַשַּׁאי. וְשֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי. אָמַר לָהֶם, וַהֲרֵי הוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת עַבְדּוֹ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קִנְיָנוֹ. הָאוֹמֵר, תְּנוּ גֵט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, וּשְׁטָר שִׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי, וּמֵת, לֹא יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה. תְּנוּ מָנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וּמֵת, יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב כֻּלּוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם חֶצְיוֹ, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב חֶצְיוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם כֻּלּוֹ, פָּסוּל. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נֶחְתָּם, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "נִכְתַּב בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, כָּשֵׁר. בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַגִּטִּין שֶׁנִּכְתְּבוּ בַיּוֹם וְנֶחְתְּמוּ בַלַּיְלָה, פְּסוּלִין, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים: \n",
+ "בַּכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, בִּדְיוֹ, בְּסַם, בְּסִקְרָא, וּבְקוֹמוֹס, וּבְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם, וּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל קְיָמָא. אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא בְמַשְׁקִים, וְלֹא בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא בְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם. עַל הַכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, עַל הֶעָלֶה שֶׁל זַיִת, וְעַל הַקֶּרֶן שֶׁל פָּרָה, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הַפָּרָה, עַל יָד שֶׁל עֶבֶד, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הָעָבֶד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, וְלֹא עַל הָאֳכָלִין: \n",
+ "אֵין כּוֹתְבִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע. כְּתָבוֹ בִמְחֻבָּר, תְּלָשׁוֹ וַחֲתָמוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתִיבָתוֹ וַחֲתִימָתוֹ בְּתָלוּשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל הַנְּיָר הַמָּחוּק וְלֹא עַל הַדִּפְתְּרָא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהִזְדַּיֵּף. וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין: \n",
+ "הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לִכְתֹּב אֶת הַגֵּט, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. הָאִשָּׁה כוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבְרוֹ, שֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתְמָיו. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לְהָבִיא אֶת הַגֵּט, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן וְסוּמָא וְנָכְרִי: \n",
+ "קִבֵּל הַקָּטָן וְהִגְדִּיל, חֵרֵשׁ וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, סוּמָא וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שׁוֹטֶה וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, נָכְרִי וְנִתְגַּיֵּר, פָּסוּל. אֲבָל פִּקֵּחַ וְנִתְחָרֵשׁ וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, פָּתוּחַ וְנִסְתַּמֵּא וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שָׁפוּי וְנִשְׁתַּטָּה וְחָזַר וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, כָּשֵׁר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְסוֹפוֹ בְדַעַת, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "אַף הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנוֹת לוֹמַר מֵת בַּעְלָהּ, נֶאֱמָנוֹת לְהָבִיא אֶת גִּטָּהּ, חֲמוֹתָהּ וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ וִיבִמְתָּהּ וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. מַה בֵּין גֵּט לְמִיתָה, שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. הָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ מְבִיאָה אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לוֹמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל גֵּט שֶׁנִּכְתַּב שֶׁלֹּא לְשׁוּם אִשָּׁה, פָּסוּל. כֵּיצַד. הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְשָׁמַע קוֹל סוֹפְרִים מַקְרִין, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת פְּלוֹנִית מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וְאָמַר, זֶה שְּׁמִי וְזֶה שֵּׁם אִשְׁתִּי, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, מְצָאוֹ בֶן עִירוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ, שְׁמִי כִשְׁמֶךָ וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי כְשֵׁם אִשְׁתֶּךָ, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים וּשְׁמוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה, לֹא יְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, אָמַר לַלַּבְלָר, כְּתֹב לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁאֶרְצֶה אֲגָרֵשׁ, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹתֵב טָפְסֵי גִטִּין, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הָאִישׁ וּמְקוֹם הָאִשָּׁה וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן. שְׁטָרֵי מִלְוֶה, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַמַּלְוֶה, מְקוֹם הַלֹּוֶה, מְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן. שְׁטָרֵי מִקָּח, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַלּוֹקֵחַ וּמְקוֹם הַמּוֹכֵר וּמְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת וּמְקוֹם הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן, מִפְּנֵי הַתַּקָּנָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל בְּכֻלָּן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מַכְשִׁיר בְּכֻלָּן, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד) וְכָתַב לָהּ, לִשְׁמָהּ: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט וְאָבַד הֵימֶנּוּ, מְצָאוֹ לְאַלְתַּר, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם לָאו, פָּסוּל. מְצָאוֹ בַחֲפִיסָה אוֹ בִדְלֻסְקְמָא, אִם מַכִּירוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. הַמֵּבִיא גֵט וְהִנִּיחוֹ זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה, נוֹתְנוֹ לָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַנְּשׂוּאָה לְכֹהֵן וְהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה בְחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ חַטָּאתוֹ מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, מַקְרִיבִין אוֹתָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פַּרְטָא לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דְּבָרָיו. עַל עִיר שֶׁהִקִּיפָהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וְעַל הַסְּפִינָה הַמִּטָּרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, וְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לִדּוֹן, שֶׁהֵן בְּחֶזְקַת קַיָּמִין. אֲבָל עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וּסְפִינָה שֶׁאָבְדָה בַיָּם, וְהַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג, נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי חַיִּים וְחֻמְרֵי מֵתִים, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחָלָה, הֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלְּחוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ טֹל לִי הֵימֶנָּה חֵפֶץ פְּלוֹנִי, לֹא יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ בְיַד אַחֵר, שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁיְּהֵא פִקְדוֹנוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְחָלָה, עוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין וּמְשַׁלְּחוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לִפְנֵיהֶם, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. וְאֵין שָׁלִיחַ אַחֲרוֹן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אֶלָּא אוֹמֵר, שְׁלִיחַ בֵּית דִּין אָנִי: \n",
+ "הַמַּלְוֶה מָעוֹת אֶת הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶת הַלֵּוִי וְאֶת הֶעָנִי לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵחֶלְקָן, מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא מֵת הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ הַלֵּוִי אוֹ הֶעֱשִׁיר הֶעָנִי. מֵתוּ, צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁין. אִם הִלְוָן בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַמַּנִּיחַ פֵּרוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, מָעוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין. אִם אָבְדוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה חוֹשֵׁשׁ מֵעֵת לְעֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַיַּיִן, בְּקָדִים שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי הֶחָג, וּבְהוֹצָאַת סְמָדַר, וּבִשְׁעַת כְּנִיסַת מַיִם בַּבֹּסֶר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִגִּיעַ בַּשָּׁלִיחַ, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלַח אַחֲרָיו שָׁלִיחַ וְאָמַר לוֹ, גֵּט שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לְךָ בָּטֵל הוּא, הֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. קָדַם אֵצֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלַח אֶצְלָהּ שָׁלִיחַ וְאָמַר לָהּ, גֵּט שֶׁשָּׁלַחְתִּי לִיךְ בָּטֵל הוּא, הֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. אִם מִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ, שׁוּב אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַטְּלוֹ: \n",
+ "בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר וּמְבַטְּלוֹ. הִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה מְשַׁנֶּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ, שֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ. וְהִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁיְּהֵא כוֹתֵב, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי וְכָל שֵׁם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ, אִשָּׁה פְלוֹנִית וְכָל שׁוּם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "אֵין אַלְמָנָה נִפְרַעַת מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַשְׁבִּיעָהּ, הִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁתְּהֵא נוֹדֶרֶת לַיְתוֹמִים כָּל מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצוּ, וְגוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ. הָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. הִלֵּל הִתְקִין פְּרוֹזְבּוּל מִפְּנֵּי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "עֶבֶד שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּה וּפְדָאוּהוּ, אִם לְשׁוּם עֶבֶד, יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. אִם לְשׁוּם בֶּן חוֹרִין, לֹא יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. עֶבֶד שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ רַבּוֹ אַפּוֹתִיקִי לַאֲחֵרִים וְשִׁחְרְרוֹ, שׁוּרַת הַדִּין, אֵין הָעֶבֶד חַיָּב כְּלוּם. אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל דָּמָיו. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כוֹתֵב אֶלָּא מְשַׁחְרֵר: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, עוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, תִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. לִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה אִי אֶפְשָׁר, שֶׁכְּבָר חֶצְיוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין. בַּת חוֹרִין אִי אֶפְשָׁר, שֶׁכְּבָר חֶצְיוֹ עָבֶד. יִבָּטֵל, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לִפְרִיָּה וְלִרְבִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מה) לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ, לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. וְחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹכֵר עַבְדּוֹ לְגוֹי אוֹ לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, יָצָא בֶן חוֹרִין. אֵין פּוֹדִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִים יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי דְמֵיהֶן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. וְאֵין מַבְרִיחִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִין, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשְּׁבוּיִין. וְאֵין לוֹקְחִים סְפָרִים, תְּפִלִּין וּמְזוּזוֹת מִן הַגּוֹיִם יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי דְמֵיהֶן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִשּׁוּם שֵׁם רָע, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. מִשּׁוּם נֶדֶר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁיָּדְעוּ בוֹ רַבִּים, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וְשֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ בוֹ רַבִּים, יַחֲזִיר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, יַחֲזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, לֹא אָסְרוּ זֶה אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי זֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם אִם אֵינִי מְגָרְשֵׁךְ, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ. וְהִתִּירוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אַיְלוֹנִית, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזִיר. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְהָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים הֵימֶנּוּ, וְהִיא תוֹבַעַת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אוֹמְרִים לָהּ, שְׁתִיקוּתִיךְ יָפָה לִיךְ מִדִּבּוּרִיךְ: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת עַצְמוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו לְגוֹי, אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ, אֲבָל פּוֹדִין אֶת הַבָּנִים לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן. הַמּוֹכֵר שָׂדֵהוּ לְגוֹי וְחָזַר וּלְקָחָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַלּוֹקֵחַ מֵבִיא מִמֶּנּוּ בִכּוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנִּזָּקִין שָׁמִין לָהֶם בְּעִדִּית וּבַעַל חוֹב בְּבֵינוֹנִית, וּכְתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּזִבּוּרִית. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּבֵינוֹנִית: \n",
+ "אֵין נִפְרָעִין מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְכָסִים בְּנֵי חוֹרִין, וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן זִבּוּרִית. אֵין נִפְרָעִין מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים, אֶלָּא מִן הַזִּבּוּרִית: \n",
+ "אֵין מוֹצִיאִין לַאֲכִילַת פֵּרוֹת וּלְשֶׁבַח קַרְקָעוֹת וְלִמְזוֹן הָאִשָּׁה וְהַבָּנוֹת מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. וְהַמּוֹצֵא מְצִיאָה, לֹא יִשָּׁבַע, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "יְתוֹמִים שֶׁסָּמְכוּ אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹ שֶׁמִּנָּה לָהֶן אֲבִיהֶן אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶן. אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס שֶׁמִּנָּהוּ אֲבִי יְתוֹמִים, יִשָּׁבֵעַ. מִנָּהוּ בֵית דִּין, לֹא יִשָּׁבֵעַ. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים. הַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ בְּשׁוֹגֵג, פָּטוּר. בְּמֵזִיד, חַיָּב. הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּגְּלוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִין, חַיָּבִין: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. וְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם מֵתָה, בַּעְלָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. וְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ בַבִּירָה, שֶׁיִּטֹּל אֶת דָּמָיו, מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשָּׁבִים. וְעַל חַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לָרַבִּים, שֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ: \n",
+ "לֹא הָיָה סִיקָרִיקוֹן בִּיהוּדָה בַהֲרוּגֵי מִלְחָמָה. מֵהֲרוּגֵי מִלְחָמָה וְאֵילָךְ, יֶשׁ בָּהּ סִיקָרִיקוֹן. כֵּיצַד. לָקַח מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת, מִקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן, מִקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. לָקַח מִן הָאִישׁ וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִשָּׁה, מִקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. מִן הָאִשָּׁה וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִישׁ, מִקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. זוֹ מִשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל אַחֲרֵיהֶם אָמְרוּ, הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בְּיָדָן לִקַּח. אֲבָל יֵשׁ בְּיָדָן לִקַּח, הֵן קוֹדְמִין לְכָל אָדָם. רַבִּי הוֹשִׁיב בֵּית דִּין וְנִמְנוּ, שֶׁאִם שָׁהֲתָה בִפְנֵי סִיקָרִיקוֹן שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם לִקַּח, זוֹכֶה, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ: \n",
+ "חֵרֵשׁ רוֹמֵז וְנִרְמָז. וּבֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, קוֹפֵץ וְנִקְפָּץ, בְּמִטַּלְטְלִין. הַפָּעוֹטוֹת, מִקָּחָן מִקָּח וּמִמְכָּרָן מִמְכָּר, בְּמִטַּלְטְלִין: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. כֹּהֵן קוֹרֵא רִאשׁוֹן, וְאַחֲרָיו לֵוִי וְאַחֲרָיו יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. מְעָרְבִין בְּבַיִת יָשָׁן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. בּוֹר שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לָאַמָּה, מִתְמַלֵּא רִאשׁוֹן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. מְצוּדוֹת חַיָּה וְעוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים יֵשׁ בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. מְצִיאַת חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, יֵשׁ בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. עָנִי הַמְנַקֵּף בְּרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁתַּחְתָּיו גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. אֵין מְמַחִין בְּיַד עֲנִיֵּי גוֹיִם בְּלֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם: \n",
+ "מַשְׁאֶלֶת אִשָּׁה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ הַחֲשׁוּדָה עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל לֹא תָבֹר וְלֹא תִטְחַן עִמָּהּ. אֵשֶׁת חָבֵר מַשְׁאֶלֶת לְאֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה, וּבוֹרֶרֶת וְטוֹחֶנֶת וּמַרְקֶדֶת עִמָּהּ, אֲבָל מִשֶּׁתַּטִּיל הַמַּיִם, לֹא תִגַּע עִמָּהּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. וְכֻלָּן לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. וּמַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי גוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאוֹמֵר הִתְקַבֵּל גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי אוֹ הוֹלֵךְ גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם אָמַר לוֹ הַבַּעַל, אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּקַבֵּל לָהּ אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְתֵן לָהּ, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאוֹמֶרֶת טֹל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, צְרִיכָה שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים, שְׁנַיִם שֶׁאוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ אָמְרָה וּשְׁנַיִם שֶׁאוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ קִבֵּל וְקָרַע, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְהֵן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים, אוֹ אֶחָד מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִצְטָרֵף עִמָּהֶן. נַעֲרָה הַמְאֹרָסָה, הִיא וְאָבִיהָ מְקַבְּלִין אֶת גִּטָּהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵין שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם זוֹכוֹת כְּאַחַת, אֶלָּא אָבִיהָ מְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּטָּהּ בִּלְבָד. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר אֶת גִּטָּהּ, אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ: \n",
+ "קְטַנָּה שֶׁאָמְרָה הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אֵינוֹ גֵט עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצָה הַבַּעַל לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר, שֶׁאֵין קָטָן עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלִיחַ. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ אָבִיהָ, צֵא וְהִתְקַבֵּל לְבִתִּי גִטָּהּ, אִם רָצָה לְהַחֲזִיר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. הָאוֹמֵר תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. הֲרֵי הִיא בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וְקִבְּלוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וֶהֱבִיאוֹ לָהּ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ. הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה מִיָּד. הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִיָּד: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי, גָּרְשׁוּהָ, כִּתְבוּ אִגֶּרֶת וּתְנוּ לָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. פִּטְרוּהָ, פַּרְנְסוּהָ, עֲשׂוּ לָהּ כַּנִּמּוֹס, עֲשׂוּ לָהּ כָּרָאוּי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, הַיּוֹצֵא בְקוֹלָר וְאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. חָזְרוּ לוֹמַר, אַף הַמְפָרֵשׁ וְהַיּוֹצֵא בִשְׁיָרָא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְּסֻכָּן: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה מֻשְׁלָךְ לְבוֹר וְאָמַר, כָּל הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ אֶת קוֹלוֹ יִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. הַבָּרִיא שֶׁאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, רָצָה לְשַׂחֶק בָּהּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבָרִיא אֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, וְעָלָה לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג וְנָפַל וּמֵת. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, אִם מֵעַצְמוֹ נָפַל, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. אִם הָרוּחַ דְּחָאַתּוּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט: \n",
+ "אָמַר לִשְׁנַיִם, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, אוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. אָמַר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְיִכְתְּבוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְזוֹ הֲלָכָה הֶעֱלָה רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אִישׁ אוֹנוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִין, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי בְּאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְיִכְתְּבוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, נוּמֵינוּ לַשָּׁלִיחַ, אַף אָנוּ מְקֻבָּלִין, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר לְבֵית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיִּלְמְדוּ וְיִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. אָמַר לַעֲשָׂרָה, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וּשְׁנַיִם חוֹתְמִין. כֻּלְּכֶם כְּתֹבוּ, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וְכֻלָּם חוֹתְמִין. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט בָּטֵל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִי שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, וְאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. אָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, וַאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, וְחָזַר וְאָמַר, אַל תִּכְתֹּבוּ, אֵין דְּבָרָיו הָאַחֲרוֹנִים כְּלוּם. נִשְׁתַּתֵּק, וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתֶּךָ, וְהִרְכִּין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה פְעָמִים, אִם אָמַר עַל לָאו לָאו וְעַל הֵן הֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ: \n",
+ "אָמְרוּ לוֹ, נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתֶּךָ, וְאָמַר לָהֶם כְּתֹבוּ, אָמְרוּ לַסּוֹפֵר וְכָתַב, וְלָעֵדִים וְחָתְמוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּתָבוּהוּ וַחֲתָמוּהוּ וּנְתָנוּהוּ לוֹ וְחָזַר וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, הֲרֵי הַגֵּט בָּטֵל, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לַסּוֹפֵר כְּתֹב וְלָעֵדִים חֲתֹמוּ: \n",
+ "זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי, זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, זֶה גִטֵּךְ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי, מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם מַתִּי, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. מֵהַיּוֹם וּלְאַחַר מִיתָה, גֵּט וְאֵינוֹ גֵט. אִם מֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. זֶה גִטֵּךְ מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, וְעָמַד וְהִלֵךְ בַּשּׁוּק וְחָלָה וּמֵת, אוֹמְדִין אוֹתוֹ, אִם מֵחֲמַת חֹלִי הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵת, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ גֵט: \n",
+ "לֹא תִתְיַחֵד עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי עֵדִים, אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, חוּץ מִשִּׁפְחָתָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבָּהּ גַּס בָּהּ בְּשִׁפְחָתָהּ. מַה הִיא בְאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ לְכָל דְּבָרֶיהָ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, וְתִתֵּן. עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, אִם נָתְנָה לוֹ בְתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, וְאִם לָאו, אֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי אִצְטְלִיתִי, וְאָבְדָה אִצְטְלִיתוֹ, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, תִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי, כַּמָּה הִיא מֵנִיקָתוֹ, שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מֵת הַבֵּן אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, מֵת הַבֵּן אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הָאָב אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשֵׁנִי, שֶׁלֹּא בְהַקְפָּדָה, אֵינוֹ גֵט. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּזֶה גֵט. כְּלָל אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, כָּל עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ הֵימֶנָּה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִיהוּדָה לַגָּלִיל, הִגִּיעַ לְאַנְטִיפַּטְרֶס וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, וְהִגִּיעַ לִכְפַר עוֹתְנַאי וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וְהִגִּיעַ לְעַכּוֹ וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֶעֱבֹר מִכְּנֶגֶד פָּנַיִךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, הָיָה הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, הוֹאִיל וְלֹא נִתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, כָּתְבוּ גֵט בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, כָּתְבוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּזֶה גֵּט. כָּתְבוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וּמֵת, אִם הַגֵּט קָדַם לַמִּיתָה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. וְאִם מִיתָה קָדְמָה לַגֵּט, אֵינוֹ גֵט. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַזּוֹרֵק גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִיא בְתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. זְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא עִמָּהּ בַּמִּטָּה, אֵינָהּ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. לְתוֹךְ חֵיקָהּ אוֹ לְתוֹךְ קַלְתָּהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "אָמַר לָהּ, כִּנְסִי שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה, אוֹ שֶׁמְּצָאָתוֹ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִטָּהּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ, הֵא גִטֵּךְ. נָתַן בְּיָדָהּ וְהִיא יְשֵׁנָה, נֵעוֹרָה, קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִטָּהּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ הֵא זֶה גִטֵּךְ. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, קָרוֹב לָהּ, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. קָרוֹב לוֹ, אֵינָהּ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן קִדּוּשִׁין. וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן הַחוֹב. אָמַר לוֹ בַּעַל חוֹבוֹ, זְרֹק לִי חוֹבִי, וּזְרָקוֹ לוֹ, קָרוֹב לַמַּלְוֶה, זָכָה הַלֹּוֶה. קָרוֹב לַלֹּוֶה, הַלֹּוֶה חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה, שְׁנֵיהֶם יַחֲלֹקוּ. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת עַל רֹאשׁ הַגַּג וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַאֲוִיר הַגַּג, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. הוּא מִלְמַעְלָה וְהִיא מִלְּמַטָּה וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא מֵרְשׁוּת הַגַּג, נִמְחַק אוֹ נִשְׂרַף, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹטֵר אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. וְאֵיזֶהוּ גֵט יָשָׁן, כֹּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ אַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּתַב לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת שְׁאֵינָהּ הוֹגֶנֶת, לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת מָדַי, לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת יָוָן, לְבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת, לְחֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת, הָיָה בַמִּזְרָח וְכָתַב בַּמַּעֲרָב, בַּמַּעֲרָב וְכָתַב בַּמִּזְרָח, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְאֵין לָהּ לֹא כְתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, לֹא עַל זֶה וְלֹא עַל זֶה. אִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחֲזִיר. וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמְּאִין לָהּ, וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִין לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וְלֹא בַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסֶלֶת מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. בַּת לֵוִי, מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. בַּת כֹּהֵן, מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵין יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁל זֶה וְיוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁל זֶה יוֹרְשִׁין כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְאִם מֵתוּ, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. שִׁנָּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ, שֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת, הָלְכוּ הַצָּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ וְנִשְּׂאוּ וְנִמְצְאוּ אֵלּוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ וְהָלְכָה צָרָתָהּ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִמְצְאָה זֹאת שֶׁהִיא אַיְלוֹנִית, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּתַב סוֹפֵר גֵּט לָאִישׁ וְשׁוֹבֵר לָאִשָּׁה, וְטָעָה וְנָתַן גֵּט לָאִשָּׁה וְשׁוֹבֵר לָאִישׁ, וְנָתְנוּ זֶה לָזֶה, וּלְאַחַר זְמַן הֲרֵי הַגֵּט יוֹצֵא מִיַּד הָאִישׁ, וְשׁוֹבֵר מִיַּד הָאִשָּׁה, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם לְאַלְתַּר יָצָא, אֵין זֶה גֵט. אִם לְאַחַר זְמַן יָצָא, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. לֹא כָל הֵימֶנּוּ מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן לְאַבֵּד זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פְּסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ עַל תְּנַאי וְלֹא נַעֲשָׂה הַתְּנַאי, לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה: \n",
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בְּפֻנְדְּקִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין. וּמוֹדִים בְּנִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. כְּנָסָהּ בְּגֵט קֵרֵחַ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "גֵּט קֵרֵחַ, הַכֹּל מַשְׁלִימִין עָלָיו, דִּבְרֵי בֶן נַנָּס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַשְׁלִימִין עָלָיו אֶלָּא קְרוֹבִים הָרְאוּיִין לְהָעִיד בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר. וְאֵיזֶהוּ גֵּט קֵרֵחַ. כֹּל שֶׁקְּשָׁרָיו מְרֻבִּין מֵעֵדָיו: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר לָהּ, הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם אֶלָּא לִפְלוֹנִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. יִטְּלֶנּוּ הֵימֶנָּה וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְּנֶנּוּ לָהּ וְיֹאמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם. וְאִם כְּתָבוֹ בְתוֹכוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר וּמְחָקוֹ, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם אֶלָּא לְאַבָּא וּלְאָבִיךְ, לְאָחִי וּלְאָחִיךְ, לְעֶבֶד וּלְנָכְרִי, וּלְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁין, כָּשֵׁר. הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם, אֶלָּא אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַמְזֵר וּלְנָתִין, וּלְכָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁין אֲפִלּוּ בַעֲבֵרָה, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל גֵּט, הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, וְדֵין דְּיֶהֱוֵי לִיכִי מִנַּאי סֵפֶר תֵּרוּכִין וְאִגֶּרֶת שִׁבּוּקִין וְגֵט פִּטּוּרִין, לִמְהָךְ לְהִתְנְסָבָא לְכָל גְּבַר דְּתִצְבַּיִן. גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל גֵּט שִׁחְרוּר, הֲרֵי אַתְּ בַּת חוֹרִין, הֲרֵי אַתְּ לְעַצְמֵךְ: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּין פְּסוּלִין, וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר. כָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמַן, יֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמַן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּין פְּסוּלִין. וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים אֶלָּא שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים, כָּשֵׁר וְגוֹבָה מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, שֶׁאֵין הָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ שְׁנֵי גִטִּין שָׁוִין וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵיהֶם לָזוֹ וּשְׁנֵיהֶם לָזוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ, אָבַד אַחַד מֵהֶן, הֲרֵי הַשֵּׁנִי בָטֵל. חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁכָּתְבוּ כְלָל בְּתוֹךְ הַגֵּט, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ פְּלוֹנִית וּפְלוֹנִי פְּלוֹנִית, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, כֻּלָּן כְּשֵׁרִין, וְיִנָּתֵן לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה כָתוּב טֹפֶס לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי גִטִּין שֶׁכְּתָבָן זֶה בְצַד זֶה וּשְׁנַיִם עֵדִים עִבְרִים בָּאִים מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה וּשְׁנַיִם עֵדִים יְוָנִים בָּאִים מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים נִקְרָאִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי בָּאִין מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, שְׁנֵיהֶן פְּסוּלִין: \n",
+ "שִׁיֵּר מִקְצַת הַגֵּט וּכְתָבוֹ בַדַּף הַשֵּׁנִי, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, כָּשֵׁר. חָתְמוּ עֵדִים בְּרֹאשׁ הַדַּף, מִן הַצַּד, אוֹ מֵאַחֲרָיו בְּגֵט פָּשׁוּט, פָּסוּל. הִקִּיף רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּסוּלִין. סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין בְּסוֹפוֹ, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "גֵּט שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית וְעֵדָיו יְוָנִית, יְוָנִית וְעֵדָיו עִבְרִית, עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, כָּתַב סוֹפֵר וְעֵד, כָּשֵׁר. אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וְלֹא כָתַב עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. וְכָךְ הָיוּ נְקִיֵּי הַדַּעַת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עוֹשִׂין. כָּתַב חֲנִיכָתוֹ וַחֲנִיכָתָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. גֵּט מְעֻשֶּׂה, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, כָּשֵׁר. וּבְגוֹיִם, פָּסוּל. וּבְגוֹיִם, חוֹבְטִין אוֹתוֹ וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ עֲשֵׂה מַה שֶּׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים לְךָ, וְכָשֵׁר: \n",
+ "יָצָא שְׁמָהּ בָּעִיר מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם אֲמַתְלָא. אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא. גֵּרַשׁ אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל תְּנַאי, זָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ, זוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יְגָרֵשׁ אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מָצָא בָהּ דְּבַר עֶרְוָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד), כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ הִקְדִּיחָה תַבְשִׁילוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מָצָא אַחֶרֶת נָאָה הֵימֶנָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), וְהָיָה אִם לֹא תִמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f0801853d450cdcdba088f2f0f4ab0e0f619ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Gittin/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Gittin",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Gittin",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמֵּבִיא מִן הָרֶקֶם וּמִן הַחֶגֶר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מִכְּפַר לוּדִים לְלוֹד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אֶלָּא הַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְהַמּוֹלִיךְ. וְהַמֵּבִיא מִמְּדִינָה לִמְדִינָה בִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מֵהֶגְמוֹנְיָא לְהֶגְמוֹנְיָא: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֵרֶקֶם לַמִּזְרָח, וְרֶקֶם כַּמִּזְרָח. מֵאַשְׁקְלוֹן לַדָּרוֹם, וְאַשְׁקְלוֹן כַּדָּרוֹם. מֵעַכּוֹ לַצָּפוֹן, וְעַכּוֹ כַּצָּפוֹן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עַכּוֹ כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַגִּטִּין: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. אִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עוֹרְרִים, יִתְקַיֵּם בְּחוֹתְמָיו. הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים, יִתְקַיֵּם בְּחוֹתְמָיו: \n",
+ "אֶחָד גִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְאֶחָד שִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, שָׁווּ לַמּוֹלִיךְ וְלַמֵּבִיא. וְזוֹ אַחַד מִן הַדְּרָכִים שֶׁשָּׁווּ גִטֵּי נָשִׁים לְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים: \n",
+ "כָּל גֵּט שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו עֵד כּוּתִי, פָּסוּל, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לִכְפַר עוֹתְנַאי גֵּט אִשָּׁה וְהָיוּ עֵדָיו עֵדֵי כוּתִים, וְהִכְשִׁיר. כָּל הַשְּׁטָרוֹת הָעוֹלִים בְּעַרְכָּאוֹת שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחוֹתְמֵיהֶם גּוֹיִם, כְּשֵׁרִים, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים וְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף אֵלּוּ כְשֵׁרִין, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אֶלָּא בִזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְהֶדְיוֹט: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי וּשְׁטָר שִׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן, יַחֲזֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּגִטֵּי נָשִׁים, אֲבָל לֹא בְשִׁחְרוּרֵי עֲבָדִים, לְפִי שֶׁזָּכִין לָאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו וְאֵין חָבִין לוֹ אֶלָּא בְּפָנָיו. שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה שֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת עַבְדּוֹ, רַשַּׁאי. וְשֶׁלֹּא לָזוּן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי. אָמַר לָהֶם, וַהֲרֵי הוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת עַבְדּוֹ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קִנְיָנוֹ. הָאוֹמֵר, תְּנוּ גֵט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, וּשְׁטָר שִׁחְרוּר זֶה לְעַבְדִּי, וּמֵת, לֹא יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה. תְּנוּ מָנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וּמֵת, יִתְּנוּ לְאַחַר מִיתָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם אֲבָל לֹא בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב כֻּלּוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם חֶצְיוֹ, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב חֶצְיוֹ וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם כֻּלּוֹ, פָּסוּל. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נִכְתָּב, וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, פָּסוּל. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּפָנַי נִכְתָּב, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ נֶחְתָּם, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "נִכְתַּב בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, כָּשֵׁר. בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַגִּטִּין שֶׁנִּכְתְּבוּ בַיּוֹם וְנֶחְתְּמוּ בַלַּיְלָה, פְּסוּלִין, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים: \n",
+ "בַּכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, בִּדְיוֹ, בְּסַם, בְּסִקְרָא, וּבְקוֹמוֹס, וּבְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם, וּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל קְיָמָא. אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא בְמַשְׁקִים, וְלֹא בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא בְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם. עַל הַכֹּל כּוֹתְבִין, עַל הֶעָלֶה שֶׁל זַיִת, וְעַל הַקֶּרֶן שֶׁל פָּרָה, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הַפָּרָה, עַל יָד שֶׁל עֶבֶד, וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ אֶת הָעָבֶד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, וְלֹא עַל הָאֳכָלִין: \n",
+ "אֵין כּוֹתְבִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע. כְּתָבוֹ בִמְחֻבָּר, תְּלָשׁוֹ וַחֲתָמוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתִיבָתוֹ וַחֲתִימָתוֹ בְּתָלוּשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין כּוֹתְבִין לֹא עַל הַנְּיָר הַמָּחוּק וְלֹא עַל הַדִּפְתְּרָא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהִזְדַּיֵּף. וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין: \n",
+ "הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לִכְתֹּב אֶת הַגֵּט, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. הָאִשָּׁה כוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבְרוֹ, שֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתְמָיו. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לְהָבִיא אֶת הַגֵּט, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן וְסוּמָא וְנָכְרִי: \n",
+ "קִבֵּל הַקָּטָן וְהִגְדִּיל, חֵרֵשׁ וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, סוּמָא וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שׁוֹטֶה וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, נָכְרִי וְנִתְגַּיֵּר, פָּסוּל. אֲבָל פִּקֵּחַ וְנִתְחָרֵשׁ וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ, פָּתוּחַ וְנִסְתַּמֵּא וְחָזַר וְנִתְפַּתֵּחַ, שָׁפוּי וְנִשְׁתַּטָּה וְחָזַר וְנִשְׁתַּפָּה, כָּשֵׁר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְסוֹפוֹ בְדַעַת, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "אַף הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנוֹת לוֹמַר מֵת בַּעְלָהּ, נֶאֱמָנוֹת לְהָבִיא אֶת גִּטָּהּ, חֲמוֹתָהּ וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ וִיבִמְתָּהּ וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. מַה בֵּין גֵּט לְמִיתָה, שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. הָאִשָּׁה עַצְמָהּ מְבִיאָה אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לוֹמַר, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל גֵּט שֶׁנִּכְתַּב שֶׁלֹּא לְשׁוּם אִשָּׁה, פָּסוּל. כֵּיצַד. הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְשָׁמַע קוֹל סוֹפְרִים מַקְרִין, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת פְּלוֹנִית מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וְאָמַר, זֶה שְּׁמִי וְזֶה שֵּׁם אִשְׁתִּי, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, מְצָאוֹ בֶן עִירוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ, שְׁמִי כִשְׁמֶךָ וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי כְשֵׁם אִשְׁתֶּךָ, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים וּשְׁמוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה, לֹא יְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, אָמַר לַלַּבְלָר, כְּתֹב לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁאֶרְצֶה אֲגָרֵשׁ, פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹתֵב טָפְסֵי גִטִּין, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הָאִישׁ וּמְקוֹם הָאִשָּׁה וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן. שְׁטָרֵי מִלְוֶה, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַמַּלְוֶה, מְקוֹם הַלֹּוֶה, מְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן. שְׁטָרֵי מִקָּח, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ מְקוֹם הַלּוֹקֵחַ וּמְקוֹם הַמּוֹכֵר וּמְקוֹם הַמָּעוֹת וּמְקוֹם הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְקוֹם הַזְּמַן, מִפְּנֵי הַתַּקָּנָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל בְּכֻלָּן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מַכְשִׁיר בְּכֻלָּן, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד) וְכָתַב לָהּ, לִשְׁמָהּ: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט וְאָבַד הֵימֶנּוּ, מְצָאוֹ לְאַלְתַּר, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם לָאו, פָּסוּל. מְצָאוֹ בַחֲפִיסָה אוֹ בִדְלֻסְקְמָא, אִם מַכִּירוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. הַמֵּבִיא גֵט וְהִנִּיחוֹ זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה, נוֹתְנוֹ לָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַנְּשׂוּאָה לְכֹהֵן וְהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה בְחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם. הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ חַטָּאתוֹ מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, מַקְרִיבִין אוֹתָהּ בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פַּרְטָא לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דְּבָרָיו. עַל עִיר שֶׁהִקִּיפָהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וְעַל הַסְּפִינָה הַמִּטָּרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, וְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לִדּוֹן, שֶׁהֵן בְּחֶזְקַת קַיָּמִין. אֲבָל עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וּסְפִינָה שֶׁאָבְדָה בַיָּם, וְהַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג, נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי חַיִּים וְחֻמְרֵי מֵתִים, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחָלָה, הֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלְּחוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ טֹל לִי הֵימֶנָּה חֵפֶץ פְּלוֹנִי, לֹא יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ בְיַד אַחֵר, שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁיְּהֵא פִקְדוֹנוֹ בְיַד אַחֵר: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְחָלָה, עוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין וּמְשַׁלְּחוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לִפְנֵיהֶם, בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם. וְאֵין שָׁלִיחַ אַחֲרוֹן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתָּם, אֶלָּא אוֹמֵר, שְׁלִיחַ בֵּית דִּין אָנִי: \n",
+ "הַמַּלְוֶה מָעוֹת אֶת הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶת הַלֵּוִי וְאֶת הֶעָנִי לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵחֶלְקָן, מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא מֵת הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ הַלֵּוִי אוֹ הֶעֱשִׁיר הֶעָנִי. מֵתוּ, צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁין. אִם הִלְוָן בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מִן הַיּוֹרְשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַמַּנִּיחַ פֵּרוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, מָעוֹת לִהְיוֹת מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, מַפְרִישׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִין. אִם אָבְדוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה חוֹשֵׁשׁ מֵעֵת לְעֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַיַּיִן, בְּקָדִים שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי הֶחָג, וּבְהוֹצָאַת סְמָדַר, וּבִשְׁעַת כְּנִיסַת מַיִם בַּבֹּסֶר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִגִּיעַ בַּשָּׁלִיחַ, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלַח אַחֲרָיו שָׁלִיחַ וְאָמַר לוֹ, גֵּט שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לְךָ בָּטֵל הוּא, הֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. קָדַם אֵצֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלַח אֶצְלָהּ שָׁלִיחַ וְאָמַר לָהּ, גֵּט שֶׁשָּׁלַחְתִּי לִיךְ בָּטֵל הוּא, הֲרֵי זֶה בָטֵל. אִם מִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ, שׁוּב אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַטְּלוֹ: \n",
+ "בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בֵית דִּין בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר וּמְבַטְּלוֹ. הִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה מְשַׁנֶּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ, שֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ. וְהִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁיְּהֵא כוֹתֵב, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי וְכָל שֵׁם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ, אִשָּׁה פְלוֹנִית וְכָל שׁוּם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "אֵין אַלְמָנָה נִפְרַעַת מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַשְׁבִּיעָהּ, הִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁתְּהֵא נוֹדֶרֶת לַיְתוֹמִים כָּל מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצוּ, וְגוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ. הָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. הִלֵּל הִתְקִין פְּרוֹזְבּוּל מִפְּנֵּי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "עֶבֶד שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּה וּפְדָאוּהוּ, אִם לְשׁוּם עֶבֶד, יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. אִם לְשׁוּם בֶּן חוֹרִין, לֹא יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד. עֶבֶד שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ רַבּוֹ אַפּוֹתִיקִי לַאֲחֵרִים וְשִׁחְרְרוֹ, שׁוּרַת הַדִּין, אֵין הָעֶבֶד חַיָּב כְּלוּם. אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל דָּמָיו. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כוֹתֵב אֶלָּא מְשַׁחְרֵר: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, עוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, תִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. לִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה אִי אֶפְשָׁר, שֶׁכְּבָר חֶצְיוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין. בַּת חוֹרִין אִי אֶפְשָׁר, שֶׁכְּבָר חֶצְיוֹ עָבֶד. יִבָּטֵל, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לִפְרִיָּה וְלִרְבִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מה) לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ, לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין, וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. וְחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹכֵר עַבְדּוֹ לְגוֹי אוֹ לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, יָצָא בֶן חוֹרִין. אֵין פּוֹדִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִים יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי דְמֵיהֶן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. וְאֵין מַבְרִיחִין אֶת הַשְּׁבוּיִין, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשְּׁבוּיִין. וְאֵין לוֹקְחִים סְפָרִים, תְּפִלִּין וּמְזוּזוֹת מִן הַגּוֹיִם יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי דְמֵיהֶן, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִשּׁוּם שֵׁם רָע, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. מִשּׁוּם נֶדֶר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁיָּדְעוּ בוֹ רַבִּים, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וְשֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ בוֹ רַבִּים, יַחֲזִיר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ חֲקִירַת חָכָם, יַחֲזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, לֹא אָסְרוּ זֶה אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי זֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם אִם אֵינִי מְגָרְשֵׁךְ, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ. וְהִתִּירוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אַיְלוֹנִית, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזִיר. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְהָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים הֵימֶנּוּ, וְהִיא תוֹבַעַת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אוֹמְרִים לָהּ, שְׁתִיקוּתִיךְ יָפָה לִיךְ מִדִּבּוּרִיךְ: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת עַצְמוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו לְגוֹי, אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ, אֲבָל פּוֹדִין אֶת הַבָּנִים לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן. הַמּוֹכֵר שָׂדֵהוּ לְגוֹי וְחָזַר וּלְקָחָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַלּוֹקֵחַ מֵבִיא מִמֶּנּוּ בִכּוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנִּזָּקִין שָׁמִין לָהֶם בְּעִדִּית וּבַעַל חוֹב בְּבֵינוֹנִית, וּכְתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּזִבּוּרִית. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּבֵינוֹנִית: \n",
+ "אֵין נִפְרָעִין מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְכָסִים בְּנֵי חוֹרִין, וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן זִבּוּרִית. אֵין נִפְרָעִין מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים, אֶלָּא מִן הַזִּבּוּרִית: \n",
+ "אֵין מוֹצִיאִין לַאֲכִילַת פֵּרוֹת וּלְשֶׁבַח קַרְקָעוֹת וְלִמְזוֹן הָאִשָּׁה וְהַבָּנוֹת מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם. וְהַמּוֹצֵא מְצִיאָה, לֹא יִשָּׁבַע, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "יְתוֹמִים שֶׁסָּמְכוּ אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹ שֶׁמִּנָּה לָהֶן אֲבִיהֶן אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶן. אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס שֶׁמִּנָּהוּ אֲבִי יְתוֹמִים, יִשָּׁבֵעַ. מִנָּהוּ בֵית דִּין, לֹא יִשָּׁבֵעַ. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים. הַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ בְּשׁוֹגֵג, פָּטוּר. בְּמֵזִיד, חַיָּב. הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּגְּלוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִין, חַיָּבִין: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. וְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם מֵתָה, בַּעְלָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. וְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ בַבִּירָה, שֶׁיִּטֹּל אֶת דָּמָיו, מִפְּנֵי תַקָּנַת הַשָּׁבִים. וְעַל חַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לָרַבִּים, שֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ: \n",
+ "לֹא הָיָה סִיקָרִיקוֹן בִּיהוּדָה בַהֲרוּגֵי מִלְחָמָה. מֵהֲרוּגֵי מִלְחָמָה וְאֵילָךְ, יֶשׁ בָּהּ סִיקָרִיקוֹן. כֵּיצַד. לָקַח מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת, מִקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן, מִקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. לָקַח מִן הָאִישׁ וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִשָּׁה, מִקָּחוֹ בָטֵל. מִן הָאִשָּׁה וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִן הָאִישׁ, מִקָּחוֹ קַיָּם. זוֹ מִשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל אַחֲרֵיהֶם אָמְרוּ, הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִסִּיקָרִיקוֹן נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בְּיָדָן לִקַּח. אֲבָל יֵשׁ בְּיָדָן לִקַּח, הֵן קוֹדְמִין לְכָל אָדָם. רַבִּי הוֹשִׁיב בֵּית דִּין וְנִמְנוּ, שֶׁאִם שָׁהֲתָה בִפְנֵי סִיקָרִיקוֹן שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם לִקַּח, זוֹכֶה, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לַבְּעָלִים רְבִיעַ: \n",
+ "חֵרֵשׁ רוֹמֵז וְנִרְמָז. וּבֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, קוֹפֵץ וְנִקְפָּץ, בְּמִטַּלְטְלִין. הַפָּעוֹטוֹת, מִקָּחָן מִקָּח וּמִמְכָּרָן מִמְכָּר, בְּמִטַּלְטְלִין: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. כֹּהֵן קוֹרֵא רִאשׁוֹן, וְאַחֲרָיו לֵוִי וְאַחֲרָיו יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. מְעָרְבִין בְּבַיִת יָשָׁן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. בּוֹר שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לָאַמָּה, מִתְמַלֵּא רִאשׁוֹן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. מְצוּדוֹת חַיָּה וְעוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים יֵשׁ בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. מְצִיאַת חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, יֵשׁ בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. עָנִי הַמְנַקֵּף בְּרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁתַּחְתָּיו גָּזֵל, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גָּזֵל גָּמוּר. אֵין מְמַחִין בְּיַד עֲנִיֵּי גוֹיִם בְּלֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם: \n",
+ "מַשְׁאֶלֶת אִשָּׁה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ הַחֲשׁוּדָה עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל לֹא תָבֹר וְלֹא תִטְחַן עִמָּהּ. אֵשֶׁת חָבֵר מַשְׁאֶלֶת לְאֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה, וּבוֹרֶרֶת וְטוֹחֶנֶת וּמַרְקֶדֶת עִמָּהּ, אֲבָל מִשֶּׁתַּטִּיל הַמַּיִם, לֹא תִגַּע עִמָּהּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. וְכֻלָּן לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. וּמַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי גוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאוֹמֵר הִתְקַבֵּל גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי אוֹ הוֹלֵךְ גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם אָמַר לוֹ הַבַּעַל, אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּקַבֵּל לָהּ אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְתֵן לָהּ, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאוֹמֶרֶת טֹל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, צְרִיכָה שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים, שְׁנַיִם שֶׁאוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ אָמְרָה וּשְׁנַיִם שֶׁאוֹמְרִים בְּפָנֵינוּ קִבֵּל וְקָרַע, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְהֵן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים, אוֹ אֶחָד מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִן הָאַחֲרוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִצְטָרֵף עִמָּהֶן. נַעֲרָה הַמְאֹרָסָה, הִיא וְאָבִיהָ מְקַבְּלִין אֶת גִּטָּהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵין שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם זוֹכוֹת כְּאַחַת, אֶלָּא אָבִיהָ מְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּטָּהּ בִּלְבָד. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר אֶת גִּטָּהּ, אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ: \n",
+ "קְטַנָּה שֶׁאָמְרָה הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אֵינוֹ גֵט עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצָה הַבַּעַל לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר, שֶׁאֵין קָטָן עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלִיחַ. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ אָבִיהָ, צֵא וְהִתְקַבֵּל לְבִתִּי גִטָּהּ, אִם רָצָה לְהַחֲזִיר, לֹא יַחֲזִיר. הָאוֹמֵר תֵּן גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. הֲרֵי הִיא בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וְקִבְּלוֹ לָהּ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וֶהֱבִיאוֹ לָהּ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "הָבֵא לִי גִטִּי, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְיָדָהּ. הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה מִיָּד. הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי בְמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ גֵּט לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִיָּד: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי, גָּרְשׁוּהָ, כִּתְבוּ אִגֶּרֶת וּתְנוּ לָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. פִּטְרוּהָ, פַּרְנְסוּהָ, עֲשׂוּ לָהּ כַּנִּמּוֹס, עֲשׂוּ לָהּ כָּרָאוּי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, הַיּוֹצֵא בְקוֹלָר וְאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. חָזְרוּ לוֹמַר, אַף הַמְפָרֵשׁ וְהַיּוֹצֵא בִשְׁיָרָא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְּסֻכָּן: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה מֻשְׁלָךְ לְבוֹר וְאָמַר, כָּל הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ אֶת קוֹלוֹ יִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. הַבָּרִיא שֶׁאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, רָצָה לְשַׂחֶק בָּהּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבָרִיא אֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, וְעָלָה לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג וְנָפַל וּמֵת. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, אִם מֵעַצְמוֹ נָפַל, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. אִם הָרוּחַ דְּחָאַתּוּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט: \n",
+ "אָמַר לִשְׁנַיִם, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, אוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, כִּתְבוּ גֵט וּתְנוּ לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. אָמַר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְיִכְתְּבוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְזוֹ הֲלָכָה הֶעֱלָה רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אִישׁ אוֹנוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִין, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי בְּאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְיִכְתְּבוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, נוּמֵינוּ לַשָּׁלִיחַ, אַף אָנוּ מְקֻבָּלִין, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר לְבֵית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, תְּנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיִּלְמְדוּ וְיִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ. אָמַר לַעֲשָׂרָה, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וּשְׁנַיִם חוֹתְמִין. כֻּלְּכֶם כְּתֹבוּ, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב וְכֻלָּם חוֹתְמִין. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט בָּטֵל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִי שֶׁאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, וְאָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. אָמַר, כִּתְבוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, וַאֲחָזוֹ קֻרְדְּיָקוֹס, וְחָזַר וְאָמַר, אַל תִּכְתֹּבוּ, אֵין דְּבָרָיו הָאַחֲרוֹנִים כְּלוּם. נִשְׁתַּתֵּק, וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתֶּךָ, וְהִרְכִּין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה פְעָמִים, אִם אָמַר עַל לָאו לָאו וְעַל הֵן הֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִכְתְּבוּ וְיִתֵּנוּ: \n",
+ "אָמְרוּ לוֹ, נִכְתֹּב גֵּט לְאִשְׁתֶּךָ, וְאָמַר לָהֶם כְּתֹבוּ, אָמְרוּ לַסּוֹפֵר וְכָתַב, וְלָעֵדִים וְחָתְמוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּתָבוּהוּ וַחֲתָמוּהוּ וּנְתָנוּהוּ לוֹ וְחָזַר וּנְתָנוֹ לָהּ, הֲרֵי הַגֵּט בָּטֵל, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לַסּוֹפֵר כְּתֹב וְלָעֵדִים חֲתֹמוּ: \n",
+ "זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי, זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, זֶה גִטֵּךְ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי, מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם מַתִּי, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. מֵהַיּוֹם וּלְאַחַר מִיתָה, גֵּט וְאֵינוֹ גֵט. אִם מֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. זֶה גִטֵּךְ מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, וְעָמַד וְהִלֵךְ בַּשּׁוּק וְחָלָה וּמֵת, אוֹמְדִין אוֹתוֹ, אִם מֵחֲמַת חֹלִי הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵת, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ גֵט: \n",
+ "לֹא תִתְיַחֵד עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי עֵדִים, אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, חוּץ מִשִּׁפְחָתָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבָּהּ גַּס בָּהּ בְּשִׁפְחָתָהּ. מַה הִיא בְאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ לְכָל דְּבָרֶיהָ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, וְתִתֵּן. עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, אִם נָתְנָה לוֹ בְתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, וְאִם לָאו, אֵינָה מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי אִצְטְלִיתִי, וְאָבְדָה אִצְטְלִיתוֹ, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, תִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי, כַּמָּה הִיא מֵנִיקָתוֹ, שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מֵת הַבֵּן אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשִׁי אֶת אַבָּא שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֵּנִיקִי אֶת בְּנִי שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, מֵת הַבֵּן אוֹ שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הָאָב אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּשַׁמְּשֵׁנִי, שֶׁלֹּא בְהַקְפָּדָה, אֵינוֹ גֵט. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּזֶה גֵט. כְּלָל אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, כָּל עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ הֵימֶנָּה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִיהוּדָה לַגָּלִיל, הִגִּיעַ לְאַנְטִיפַּטְרֶס וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מִגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, וְהִגִּיעַ לִכְפַר עוֹתְנַאי וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וְהִגִּיעַ לְעַכּוֹ וְחָזַר, בָּטֵל תְּנָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֶעֱבֹר מִכְּנֶגֶד פָּנַיִךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, הָיָה הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, הוֹלֵךְ וּבָא, הוֹאִיל וְלֹא נִתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. הֲרֵי זֶה גִטֵּךְ מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט: \n",
+ "אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן עַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי, כָּתְבוּ גֵט בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. כִּתְבוּ וּתְנוּ גֵט לְאִשְׁתִּי אִם לֹא בָאתִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, כָּתְבוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אֵינוֹ גֵט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּזֶה גֵּט. כָּתְבוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְנָתְנוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וּמֵת, אִם הַגֵּט קָדַם לַמִּיתָה, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. וְאִם מִיתָה קָדְמָה לַגֵּט, אֵינוֹ גֵט. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַזּוֹרֵק גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִיא בְתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. זְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא עִמָּהּ בַּמִּטָּה, אֵינָהּ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. לְתוֹךְ חֵיקָהּ אוֹ לְתוֹךְ קַלְתָּהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "אָמַר לָהּ, כִּנְסִי שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה, אוֹ שֶׁמְּצָאָתוֹ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִטָּהּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ, הֵא גִטֵּךְ. נָתַן בְּיָדָהּ וְהִיא יְשֵׁנָה, נֵעוֹרָה, קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִטָּהּ, אֵינוֹ גֵט, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ הֵא זֶה גִטֵּךְ. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, קָרוֹב לָהּ, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. קָרוֹב לוֹ, אֵינָהּ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן קִדּוּשִׁין. וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן הַחוֹב. אָמַר לוֹ בַּעַל חוֹבוֹ, זְרֹק לִי חוֹבִי, וּזְרָקוֹ לוֹ, קָרוֹב לַמַּלְוֶה, זָכָה הַלֹּוֶה. קָרוֹב לַלֹּוֶה, הַלֹּוֶה חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה, שְׁנֵיהֶם יַחֲלֹקוּ. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת עַל רֹאשׁ הַגַּג וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַאֲוִיר הַגַּג, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. הוּא מִלְמַעְלָה וְהִיא מִלְּמַטָּה וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא מֵרְשׁוּת הַגַּג, נִמְחַק אוֹ נִשְׂרַף, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרָשֶׁת: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹטֵר אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. וְאֵיזֶהוּ גֵט יָשָׁן, כֹּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ אַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּתַב לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת שְׁאֵינָהּ הוֹגֶנֶת, לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת מָדַי, לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת יָוָן, לְבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת, לְחֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת, הָיָה בַמִּזְרָח וְכָתַב בַּמַּעֲרָב, בַּמַּעֲרָב וְכָתַב בַּמִּזְרָח, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְאֵין לָהּ לֹא כְתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, לֹא עַל זֶה וְלֹא עַל זֶה. אִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחֲזִיר. וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמְּאִין לָהּ, וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִין לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וְלֹא בַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסֶלֶת מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. בַּת לֵוִי, מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. בַּת כֹּהֵן, מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵין יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁל זֶה וְיוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁל זֶה יוֹרְשִׁין כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְאִם מֵתוּ, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. שִׁנָּה שְׁמוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ, שֵׁם עִירוֹ וְשֵׁם עִירָהּ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת, הָלְכוּ הַצָּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ וְנִשְּׂאוּ וְנִמְצְאוּ אֵלּוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ וְהָלְכָה צָרָתָהּ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִמְצְאָה זֹאת שֶׁהִיא אַיְלוֹנִית, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "כָּתַב סוֹפֵר גֵּט לָאִישׁ וְשׁוֹבֵר לָאִשָּׁה, וְטָעָה וְנָתַן גֵּט לָאִשָּׁה וְשׁוֹבֵר לָאִישׁ, וְנָתְנוּ זֶה לָזֶה, וּלְאַחַר זְמַן הֲרֵי הַגֵּט יוֹצֵא מִיַּד הָאִישׁ, וְשׁוֹבֵר מִיַּד הָאִשָּׁה, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם לְאַלְתַּר יָצָא, אֵין זֶה גֵט. אִם לְאַחַר זְמַן יָצָא, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. לֹא כָל הֵימֶנּוּ מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן לְאַבֵּד זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. כָּתַב לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְנִמְלַךְ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פְּסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ עַל תְּנַאי וְלֹא נַעֲשָׂה הַתְּנַאי, לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה: \n",
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בְּפֻנְדְּקִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין. וּמוֹדִים בְּנִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. כְּנָסָהּ בְּגֵט קֵרֵחַ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וְכָל הַדְּרָכִים הָאֵלּוּ בָהּ: \n",
+ "גֵּט קֵרֵחַ, הַכֹּל מַשְׁלִימִין עָלָיו, דִּבְרֵי בֶן נַנָּס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַשְׁלִימִין עָלָיו אֶלָּא קְרוֹבִים הָרְאוּיִין לְהָעִיד בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר. וְאֵיזֶהוּ גֵּט קֵרֵחַ. כֹּל שֶׁקְּשָׁרָיו מְרֻבִּין מֵעֵדָיו: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר לָהּ, הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם אֶלָּא לִפְלוֹנִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. יִטְּלֶנּוּ הֵימֶנָּה וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְּנֶנּוּ לָהּ וְיֹאמַר לָהּ הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם. וְאִם כְּתָבוֹ בְתוֹכוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר וּמְחָקוֹ, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם אֶלָּא לְאַבָּא וּלְאָבִיךְ, לְאָחִי וּלְאָחִיךְ, לְעֶבֶד וּלְנָכְרִי, וּלְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁין, כָּשֵׁר. הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם, אֶלָּא אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַמְזֵר וּלְנָתִין, וּלְכָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ עָלָיו קִדּוּשִׁין אֲפִלּוּ בַעֲבֵרָה, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל גֵּט, הֲרֵי אַתְּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְכָל אָדָם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, וְדֵין דְּיֶהֱוֵי לִיכִי מִנַּאי סֵפֶר תֵּרוּכִין וְאִגֶּרֶת שִׁבּוּקִין וְגֵט פִּטּוּרִין, לִמְהָךְ לְהִתְנְסָבָא לְכָל גְּבַר דְּתִצְבַּיִן. גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל גֵּט שִׁחְרוּר, הֲרֵי אַתְּ בַּת חוֹרִין, הֲרֵי אַתְּ לְעַצְמֵךְ: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּין פְּסוּלִין, וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר. כָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמַן, יֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמַן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה גִטִּין פְּסוּלִין. וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת, הַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים אֶלָּא שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָהּ בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים, כָּשֵׁר וְגוֹבָה מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, שֶׁאֵין הָעֵדִים חוֹתְמִין עַל הַגֵּט אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ שְׁנֵי גִטִּין שָׁוִין וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵיהֶם לָזוֹ וּשְׁנֵיהֶם לָזוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ, אָבַד אַחַד מֵהֶן, הֲרֵי הַשֵּׁנִי בָטֵל. חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁכָּתְבוּ כְלָל בְּתוֹךְ הַגֵּט, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מְגָרֵשׁ פְּלוֹנִית וּפְלוֹנִי פְּלוֹנִית, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, כֻּלָּן כְּשֵׁרִין, וְיִנָּתֵן לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה כָתוּב טֹפֶס לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי גִטִּין שֶׁכְּתָבָן זֶה בְצַד זֶה וּשְׁנַיִם עֵדִים עִבְרִים בָּאִים מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה וּשְׁנַיִם עֵדִים יְוָנִים בָּאִים מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים נִקְרָאִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי בָּאִין מִתַּחַת זֶה לְתַחַת זֶה, שְׁנֵיהֶן פְּסוּלִין: \n",
+ "שִׁיֵּר מִקְצַת הַגֵּט וּכְתָבוֹ בַדַּף הַשֵּׁנִי, וְהָעֵדִים מִלְּמַטָּה, כָּשֵׁר. חָתְמוּ עֵדִים בְּרֹאשׁ הַדַּף, מִן הַצַּד, אוֹ מֵאַחֲרָיו בְּגֵט פָּשׁוּט, פָּסוּל. הִקִּיף רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּסוּלִין. סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין עִמּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְצַד סוֹפוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְהָעֵדִים בָּאֶמְצַע, אֶת שֶׁהָעֵדִים נִקְרִין בְּסוֹפוֹ, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "גֵּט שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית וְעֵדָיו יְוָנִית, יְוָנִית וְעֵדָיו עִבְרִית, עֵד אֶחָד עִבְרִי וְעֵד אֶחָד יְוָנִי, כָּתַב סוֹפֵר וְעֵד, כָּשֵׁר. אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וְלֹא כָתַב עֵד, כָּשֵׁר. וְכָךְ הָיוּ נְקִיֵּי הַדַּעַת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עוֹשִׂין. כָּתַב חֲנִיכָתוֹ וַחֲנִיכָתָהּ, כָּשֵׁר. גֵּט מְעֻשֶּׂה, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, כָּשֵׁר. וּבְגוֹיִם, פָּסוּל. וּבְגוֹיִם, חוֹבְטִין אוֹתוֹ וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ עֲשֵׂה מַה שֶּׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים לְךָ, וְכָשֵׁר: \n",
+ "יָצָא שְׁמָהּ בָּעִיר מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם אֲמַתְלָא. אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא. גֵּרַשׁ אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל תְּנַאי, זָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ, זוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יְגָרֵשׁ אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מָצָא בָהּ דְּבַר עֶרְוָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כד), כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ הִקְדִּיחָה תַבְשִׁילוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), כִּי מָצָא בָהּ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מָצָא אַחֶרֶת נָאָה הֵימֶנָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם), וְהָיָה אִם לֹא תִמְצָא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה גיטין",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nazir/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nazir/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16f832adab932448dcb1252557ab70dcb9d96494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nazir/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nazir",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נזיר",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "כָּל כִּנּוּיֵי נְזִירוּת כִּנְזִירוּת. הָאוֹמֵר אֱהֵא, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. אוֹ אֱהֵא נָוֶה, נָזִיר. נָזִיק, נָזִיחַ, פָּזִיחַ, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. הֲרֵינִי כָּזֶה, הֲרֵינִי מְסַלְסֵל, הֲרֵינִי מְכַלְכֵּל, הֲרֵי עָלַי לְשַׁלַּח פֶּרַע, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. הֲרֵי עָלַי צִפֳּרִים, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, נָזִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מִן הַחַרְצַנִּים, וּמִן הַזַּגִּים, וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת, וּמִן הַטֻּמְאָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר וְכָל דִּקְדּוּקֵי נְזִירוּת עָלָיו. הֲרֵינִי כְשִׁמְשׁוֹן, כְּבֶן מָנוֹחַ, כְּבַעַל דְּלִילָה, כְּמִי שֶׁעָקַר דַּלְתוֹת עַזָּה, כְּמִי שֶׁנִּקְּרוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים אֶת עֵינָיו, הֲרֵי זֶה נְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן. מַה בֵּין נְזִיר עוֹלָם לִנְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן. נְזִיר עוֹלָם, הִכְבִּיד שְׂעָרוֹ, מֵקֵל בְּתַעַר וּמֵבִיא שָׁלשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת. וְאִם נִטְמָא, מֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה. נְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן, הִכְבִּיד שְׂעָרוֹ, אֵינוֹ מֵקֵל. וְאִם נִטְמָא, אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה: \n",
+ "סְתָם נְזִירוּת שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אַחַת קְטַנָּה, אֲפִלּוּ מִכָּאן וְעַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר וְיוֹם אֶחָד, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר וְשָׁעָה אֶחָת, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אַחַת וּמֶחֱצָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר שְׁתָּיִם. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם וְשָׁעָה אֶחָת, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים וְאֶחָד יוֹם, שֶׁאֵין נוֹזְרִים לְשָׁעוֹת: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כִּשְׂעַר רֹאשִׁי, וְכַעֲפַר הָאָרֶץ, וּכְחוֹל הַיָּם, הֲרֵי זֶה נְזִיר עוֹלָם וּמְגַלֵּחַ אַחַת לִשְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אֵין זֶה מְגַלֵּחַ אַחַת לִשְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וְאֵיזֶהוּ שֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ אַחַת לִשְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי נְזִירוּת כִּשְׂעַר רֹאשִׁי, וְכַעֲפַר הָאָרֶץ, וּכְחוֹל הַיָּם: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מְלֹא הַבַּיִת אוֹ מְלֹא הַקֻּפָּה, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ, אִם אָמַר אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה נָזָרְתִּי, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וְאִם אָמַר סְתָם נָזָרְתִּי, רוֹאִין אֶת הַקֻּפָּה כְּאִלּוּ הִיא מְלֵאָה חַרְדָּל, וְנָזִיר כָּל יָמָיו: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מִכָּאן עַד מָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, אוֹמְדִין כַּמָּה יָמִים מִכָּאן עַד מָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, אִם פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלשִׁים יוֹם, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וְאִם לָאו, נָזִיר כְּמִנְיַן הַיָּמִים: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כְּמִנְיַן יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה, מוֹנֶה נְזִירוּת כְּמִנְיַן יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִשְׁלִים מֵת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מִן הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת וּמִן הַדְּבֵלָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אַף כְּשֶׁאָמְרוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי הֵן עָלַי קָרְבָּן: \n",
+ "אָמַר, אָמְרָה פָרָה זוֹ הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה אִם עוֹמֶדֶת אָנִי. אָמַר, הַדֶּלֶת הַזֶּה הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אִם נִפְתָּח אָנִי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אַף כְּשֶׁאָמְרוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי פָרָה זוֹ עָלַי קָרְבָּן אִם עוֹמֶדֶת הִיא: \n",
+ "מָזְגוּ לוֹ אֶת הַכּוֹס, וְאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מִמֶּנוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁהָיְתָה שִׁכּוֹרָה וּמָזְגוּ לָהּ אֶת הַכּוֹס, וְאָמְרָה הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה מִמֶּנּוּ, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, לֹא נִתְכַּוְּנָה אֶלָּא לוֹמַר הֲרֵי הוּא עָלַי קָרְבָּן: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֱהֵא שׁוֹתֶה יַיִן וּמִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר וְאָסוּר בְּכֻלָּן. יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְזִירוּת אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַנָּזִיר אָסוּר בְּיַּיִן, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהַנָּזִיר אָסוּר בְּיַּיִן אֲבָל סָבוּר הָיִיתִי שֶׁחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִים לִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין אֲנִי יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת אֶלָּא בְיַּיִן, אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֲנִי קוֹבֵר אֶת הַמֵּתִים, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹסֵר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר וְעָלַי לְגַלֵּחַ נָזִיר, וְשָׁמַע חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר וַאֲנִי וְעָלַי לְגַלֵּחַ נָזִיר, אִם הָיוּ פִקְּחִים, מְגַלְּחִים זֶה אֶת זֶה. וְאִם לָאו, מְגַלְּחִים נְזִירִים אֲחֵרִים: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי עָלַי לְגַלֵּחַ חֲצִי נָזִיר, וְשָׁמַע חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר וַאֲנִי עָלַי לְגַלֵּחַ חֲצִי נָזִיר, זֶה מְגַלֵּחַ נָזִיר שָׁלֵם וְזֶה מְגַלֵּחַ נָזִיר שָׁלֵם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה מְגַלֵּחַ חֲצִי נָזִיר וְזֶה מְגַלֵּחַ חֲצִי נָזִיר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר לִכְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵן, וְנוֹלַד לוֹ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. נוֹלַד לוֹ בַת, טֻמְטוּם, וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. אִם אָמַר, כְּשֶׁאֶרְאֶה, כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי וָלָד, אֲפִלּוּ נוֹלַד לוֹ בַת, טֻמְטוּם, וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר: \n",
+ "הִפִּילָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֹאמַר, אִם הָיָה בֶן קְיָמָא, הֲרֵי אֲנִי נְזִיר חוֹבָה. וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֲנִי נְזִיר נְדָבָה. חָזְרָה וְיָלְדָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֹאמַר, אִם הָרִאשׁוֹן בֶּן קְיָמָא, הָרִאשׁוֹן חוֹבָה וְזוֹ נְדָבָה. וְאִם לָאו, הָרִאשׁוֹן נְדָבָה וְזוֹ חוֹבָה: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, וְנָזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵן, הִתְחִיל מוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵן, מַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִי בֵן וְנָזִיר, הִתְחִיל מוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵן, מַנִּיחַ אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וּמוֹנֶה אֶת שֶׁל בְּנוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַשְׁלִים אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר לִכְשֶׁיְּהֵא לִי בֵן, וְנָזִיר מֵאָה יוֹם. נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵן עַד שִׁבְעִים, לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם. לְאַחַר שִׁבְעִים, סוֹתֵר שִׁבְעִים, שֶׁאֵין תִּגְלַחַת פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלשִׁים יוֹם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִי שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, מְגַלֵּחַ יוֹם שְׁלשִׁים וְאֶחָד. וְאִם גִּלַּח לְיוֹם שְׁלשִׁים, יָצָא. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אִם גִּלַּח לְיוֹם שְׁלשִׁים לֹא יָצָא: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירִיּוֹת, מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלשִׁים וְאֶחָד, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד. וְאִם גִּלַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלשִׁים, מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִּלַּח יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד, יָצָא. וְזוֹ עֵדוּת הֵעִיד רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירִיּוֹת, שֶׁאִם גִּלַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִּלַּח לְיוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד, יָצָא, שֶׁיּוֹם שְׁלשִׁים עוֹלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, נִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלשִׁים, סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, נִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלשִׁים, סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵאָה יוֹם, נִטְמָא יוֹם מֵאָה, סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שְׁלשִׁים. נִטְמָא יוֹם מֵאָה וְאֶחָד, סוֹתֵר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּזַר וְהוּא בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה שָׁם שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אֵין עוֹלִין לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה. יָצָא וְנִכְנַס, עוֹלִין לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן וּמֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא בוֹ בַיּוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו) וְהַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים יִפְּלוּ, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לוֹ יָמִים רִאשׁוֹנִים: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּזַר נְזִירוּת הַרְבֵּה וְהִשְׁלִים אֶת נְזִירוּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא לָאָרֶץ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר בַּתְּחִלָּה. מַעֲשֶׂה בְהִילְנִי הַמַּלְכָּה, שֶׁהָלַךְ בְּנָהּ לַמִּלְחָמָה, וְאָמְרָה, אִם יָבֹא בְנִי מִן הַמִּלְחָמָה בְשָׁלוֹם אֱהֵא נְזִירָה שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים, וּבָא בְנָהּ מִן הַמִּלְחָמָה, וְהָיְתָה נְזִירָה שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים. וּבְסוֹף שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים עָלְתָה לָאָרֶץ, וְהוֹרוּהָ בֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁתְּהֵא נְזִירָה עוֹד שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים אֲחֵרוֹת. וּבְסוֹף שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים נִטְמֵאת, וְנִמְצֵאת נְזִירָה עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, לֹא הָיְתָה נְזִירָה אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים מְעִידוֹת אוֹתוֹ, אֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתַּיִם, וְאֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּזַר חָמֵשׁ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נֶחְלְקָה הָעֵדוּת וְאֵין כָּאן נְזִירוּת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ בִּכְלָל חָמֵשׁ שְׁתַּיִם, שֶׁיְּהֵא נָזִיר שְׁתָּיִם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִי שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, וְשָׁמַע חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר וָאָנִי, וָאָנִי, כֻּלָּם נְזִירִין. הֻתַּר הָרִאשׁוֹן, הֻתְּרוּ כֻלָּן. הֻתַּר הָאַחֲרוֹן, הָאַחֲרוֹן מֻתָּר וְכֻלָּם אֲסוּרִין. אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, וְשָׁמַע חֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר, פִּי כְפִיו וּשְׂעָרִי כִשְׂעָרוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, וְשָׁמְעָה אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמְרָה, וָאָנִי, מֵפֵר אֶת שֶׁלָּהּ, וְשֶׁלּוֹ קַיָּם. הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה, וְשָׁמַע בַּעְלָהּ וְאָמַר, וָאָנִי, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר, וָאַתְּ, וְאָמְרָה אָמֵן, מֵפֵר אֶת שֶׁלָּהּ, וְשֶׁלּוֹ קַיָּם. הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה, וָאָתָּה, וְאָמַר אָמֵן, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְנָזִיר, וְהָיְתָה שׁוֹתָה בְיַיִן וּמִטַּמְּאָה לְמֵתִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ סוֹפֶגֶת אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. הֵפֵר לָהּ בַּעְלָהּ וְהִיא לֹא יָדְעָה שֶׁהֵפֵר לָהּ בַּעְלָהּ, וְהָיְתָה שׁוֹתָה בְיַיִן וּמִטַּמְּאָה לְמֵתִים, אֵינָהּ סוֹפֶגֶת אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ סוֹפֶגֶת אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, תִּסְפֹּג מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְנָזִיר וְהִפְרִישָׁה אֶת בְּהֶמְתָּהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֵפֵר לָהּ בַּעְלָהּ, אִם שֶׁלּוֹ הָיְתָה בְהֶמְתָּהּ, תֵּצֵא וְתִרְעֶה בָעֵדֶר. וְאִם שֶׁלָּהּ הָיְתָה בְהֶמְתָּהּ, הַחַטָּאת תָּמוּת, וְעוֹלָה תִּקְרַב עוֹלָה, וְהַשְּׁלָמִים יִקְרְבוּ שְׁלָמִים, וְנֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנִין לָחֶם. הָיוּ לָהּ מָעוֹת סְתוּמִים, יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה. מָעוֹת מְפֹרָשִׁים, דְּמֵי חַטָּאת, יֵלְכוּ לְיַם הַמֶּלַח, לֹא נֶהֱנִים וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִים בָּהֶן. דְּמֵי עוֹלָה, יָבִיאוּ עוֹלָה, וּמוֹעֲלִים בָּהֶן. דְּמֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָבִיאוּ שְׁלָמִים, וְנֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנִין לָחֶם: \n",
+ "נִזְרַק עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִן הַדָּמִים, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁחֲטָה עָלֶיהָ אַחַת מִכָּל הַבְּהֵמוֹת, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּתִגְלַחַת הַטָּהֳרָה. אֲבָל בְּתִגְלַחַת הַטֻּמְאָה, יָפֵר, שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לוֹמַר אִי אֶפְשִׁי בְאִשָּׁה מְנֻוָּלֶת. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּתִגְלַחַת הַטָּהֳרָה יָפֵר, שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לוֹמַר אִי אֶפְשִׁי בְּאִשָּׁה מְגֻלָּחַת: \n",
+ "הָאִישׁ מַדִּיר אֶת בְּנוֹ בְנָזִיר, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מַדֶּרֶת אֶת בְּנָהּ בְּנָזִיר. כֵּיצַד, גִּלַּח אוֹ שֶׁגִּלְּחוּהוּ קְרוֹבָיו, מִחָה אוֹ שֶׁמִּחוּ קְרוֹבָיו, הָיְתָה לוֹ בְהֵמָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת, הַחַטָּאת תָּמוּת וְעוֹלָה תִּקְרַב עוֹלָה וְהַשְּׁלָמִים יִקְרְבוּ שְׁלָמִים, וְנֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנִין לָחֶם. הָיוּ לוֹ מָעוֹת סְתוּמִין, יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה. מָעוֹת מְפֹרָשִׁין, דְּמֵי חַטָּאת יֵלְכוּ לְיָם הַמֶּלַח, לֹא נֶהֱנִין וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין. דְּמֵי עוֹלָה, יָבִיאוּ עוֹלָה וּמוֹעֲלִין בָּהֶן. דְּמֵי שְׁלָמִים, יָבִיאוּ שְׁלָמִים, וְנֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנִין לָחֶם: \n",
+ "הָאִישׁ מְגַלֵּחַ עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיו וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מְגַלַּחַת עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיהָ. כֵּיצַד. מִי שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו נָזִיר וְהִפְרִישׁ מָעוֹת סְתוּמִים עַל נְזִירוּתוֹ וּמֵת, וְאָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲגַלַּח עַל מְעוֹת אַבָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה, אֵין זֶה מְגַלֵּחַ עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיו. אֵיזֶהוּ שֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיו, מִי שֶׁהָיָה הוּא וְאָבִיו נְזִירִים וְהִפְרִישׁ אָבִיו מָעוֹת סְתוּמִים לִנְזִירוּתוֹ וּמֵת, זֶהוּ שֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיו: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶקְדֵּשׁ טָעוּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, שׁוֹר שָׁחוֹר שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִבֵּיתִי רִאשׁוֹן הֲרֵי הוּא הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְיָצָא לָבָן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים אֵינוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ: \n",
+ "דִּינַר זָהָב שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה בְיָדִי רִאשׁוֹן הֲרֵי הוּא הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְעָלָה שֶׁל כֶּסֶף, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים אֵינוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ. חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה בְיָדִי רִאשׁוֹנָה הֲרֵי הִיא הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְעָלְתָה שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים אֵינוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּדַר בְּנָזִיר וְנִשְׁאַל לְחָכָם וַאֲסָרוֹ, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנָּדַר. נִשְׁאַל לְחָכָם וְהִתִּירוֹ, הָיְתָה לוֹ בְהֵמָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת, תֵּצֵא וְתִרְעֶה בָעֵדֶר. אָמְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, אִי אַתֶּם מוֹדִים בָּזֶה שֶׁהוּא הֶקְדֵּשׁ טָעוּת שֶׁתֵּצֵא וְתִרְעֶה בָעֵדֶר. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אִי אַתֶּם מוֹדִים בְּמִי שֶׁטָּעָה וְקָרָא לַתְּשִׁיעִי עֲשִׂירִי וְלָעֲשִׂירִי תְשִׁיעִי וְלָאַחַד עָשָׂר עֲשִׂירִי שֶׁהוּא מְקֻדָּשׁ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, לֹא הַשֵּׁבֶט קִדְּשׁוֹ. וּמָה אִלּוּ טָעָה וְהִנִּיחַ אֶת הַשֵּׁבֶט עַל שְׁמִינִי וְעַל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, שֶׁמָּא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. אֶלָּא כָּתוּב שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת הָעֲשִׂירִי, הוּא קִדֵּשׁ אֶת הַתְּשִׁיעִי וְאֶת אַחַד עָשָׂר: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּדַר בְּנָזִיר וְהָלַךְ לְהָבִיא אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ וּמְצָאָהּ שֶׁנִּגְנְבָה, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְנְבָה בְהֶמְתּוֹ נָזַר, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר. וְאִם מִשֶּׁנִּגְנְבָה בְהֶמְתּוֹ נָזַר, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. וְזוֹ טָעוּת טָעָה נַחוּם הַמָּדִי כְּשֶׁעָלוּ נְזִירִים מִן הַגּוֹלָה וּמָצְאוּ בֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ חָרֵב, אָמַר לָהֶם נַחוּם הַמָּדִי, אִלּוּ הֱיִיתֶם יוֹדְעִים שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ חָרֵב הֱיִיתֶם נוֹזְרִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לֹא, וְהִתִּירָן נַחוּם הַמָּדִי. וּכְשֶׁבָּא הַדָּבָר אֵצֶל חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, כֹּל שֶׁנָּזַר עַד שֶׁלֹּא חָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, נָזִיר. וּמִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר: \n",
+ "הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְאֶחָד בָּא כְנֶגְדָּן, אָמַר אֶחָד מֵהֶן הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה פְלוֹנִי, וְאֶחָד אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֵין זֶה פְלוֹנִי, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֶחָד מִכֶּם נָזִיר, שֶׁאֵין אֶחָד מִכֶּם נָזִיר, שֶׁשְּׁנֵיכֶם נְזִירִים, שֶׁכֻּלְּכֶם נְזִירִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים כֻּלָּם נְזִירִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְקַיְּמוּ דְבָרָיו. וְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם נָזִיר: \n",
+ "הִרְתִּיעַ לַאֲחוֹרָיו, אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֹאמַר, אִם הָיָה כִדְבָרַי, הֲרֵינִי נְזִיר חוֹבָה. וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵינִי נְזִיר נְדָבָה: \n",
+ "רָאָה אֶת הַכּוֹי וְאָמַר, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה חַיָּה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה אֵינוֹ חַיָּה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה בְהֵמָה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֵין זֶה בְהֵמָה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה חַיָּה וּבְהֵמָה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֵין זֶה לֹא חַיָּה וְלֹא בְהֵמָה, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֶחָד מִכֶּם נָזִיר, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁאֵין אֶחָד מִכֶּם נָזִיר, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁכֻּלְּכֶם נְזִירִים, הֲרֵי כֻלָּם נְזִירִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שְׁלשָׁה מִינִין אֲסוּרִין בַּנָּזִיר, הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגָּפֶן. וְכָל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה. וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל מִן הָעֲנָבִים כַּזָּיִת. מִשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁתֶּה רְבִיעִית יַיִן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ שָׁרָה פִתּוֹ בְיַיִן וְיֶשׁ בָּהּ כְּדֵי לְצָרֵף כַּזַּיִת, חַיָּב: \n",
+ "וְחַיָּב עַל הַיַּיִן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְעַל הָעֲנָבִים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, וְעַל הַחַרְצַנִּים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, וְעַל הַזַּגִּים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל שְׁנֵי חַרְצַנִּים וְזַגָּן. אֵלּוּ הֵן חַרְצַנִּים וְאֵלּוּ הֵן זַגִּים, הַחַרְצַנִּים אֵלּוּ הַחִיצוֹנִים, הַזַּגִּים אֵלּוּ הַפְּנִימִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא תִטְעֶה, כְּזוֹג שֶׁל בְּהֵמָה, הַחִיצוֹן זוֹג וְהַפְּנִימִי עִנְבָּל: \n",
+ "סְתָם נְזִירוּת שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. גִּלַּח אוֹ שֶׁגִּלְּחוּהוּ לִסְטִים, סוֹתֵר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. נָזִיר שֶׁגִּלַּח בֵּין בְּזוּג בֵּין בְּתַעַר אוֹ שֶׁסִּפְסֵף כָּל שֶׁהוּא, חַיָּב. נָזִיר חוֹפֵף וּמְפַסְפֵּס, אֲבָל לֹא סוֹרֵק. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, לֹא יָחוֹף בַּאֲדָמָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּשֶּׁרֶת אֶת הַשֵּׂעָר: \n",
+ "נָזִיר שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹתֶה יַיִן כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תִּשְׁתֶּה אַל תִּשְׁתֶּה, וְהוּא שׁוֹתֶה, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה מְגַלֵּחַ כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תְּגַלֵּחַ אַל תְּגַלֵּחַ, וְהוּא מְגַלֵּחַ, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. הָיָה מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים כָּל הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַל תִּטַּמָּא אַל תִּטַּמָּא, וְהוּא מִטַּמֵּא, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת: \n",
+ "שְׁלשָׁה מִינִין אֲסוּרִין בַּנָּזִיר, הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגָּפֶן. חֹמֶר בַּטֻּמְאָה וּבַתִּגְלַחַת מִבַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן, שֶׁהַטֻּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת סוֹתְרִין, וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר. חֹמֶר בַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן מִבַּטֻּמְאָה וּבַתִּגְלַחַת, שֶׁהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן לֹא הֻתַּר מִכְּלָלוֹ, וְטֻמְאָה וְתִגְלַחַת הֻתְּרוּ מִכְּלָלָן בְּתִגְלַחַת מִצְוָה וּבְמֵת מִצְוָה. וְחֹמֶר בַּטֻּמְאָה מִבַּתִּגְלַחַת, שֶׁהַטֻּמְאָה סוֹתֶרֶת אֶת הַכֹּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ קָרְבָּן, וְתִגְלַחַת אֵינָהּ סוֹתֶרֶת אֶלָּא שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ קָרְבָּן: \n",
+ "תִּגְלַחַת הַטֻּמְאָה כֵּיצַד, הָיָה מַזֶּה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִי, וּמְגַלֵּחַ בַּשְּׁבִיעִי, וּמֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו בַּשְּׁמִינִי. וְאִם גִּלַּח בַּשְּׁמִינִי, מֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מַה בֵּין זֶה לַמְּצֹרָע. אָמַר לוֹ, זֶה טָהֳרָתוֹ תְלוּיָה בְיָמָיו, וּמְצֹרָע טָהֳרָתוֹ תְלוּיָה בְתִגְלַחְתּוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קָרְבָּן אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה מְעֹרַב שָׁמֶשׁ: \n",
+ "תִּגְלַחַת הַטָּהֳרָה כֵּיצַד, הָיָה מֵבִיא שָׁלשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת, חַטָּאת עוֹלָה וּשְׁלָמִים, וְשׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַשְּׁלָמִים, וּמְגַלֵּחַ עֲלֵיהֶם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיָה מְגַלֵּחַ אֶלָּא עַל הַחַטָּאת, שֶׁהַחַטָּאת קוֹדֶמֶת בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְאִם גִּלַּח עַל אַחַת מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן, יָצָא: \n",
+ "רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, הֵבִיא שָׁלשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת וְלֹא פֵרֵשׁ, הָרְאוּיָה לְחַטָּאת תִּקְרַב חַטָּאת, לְעוֹלָה תִּקְרַב עוֹלָה, לִשְׁלָמִים תִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. הָיָה נוֹטֵל שְׂעַר רֹאשׁ נִזְרוֹ וּמְשַׁלֵּחַ תַּחַת הַדּוּד. וְאִם גִּלַּח בַּמְּדִינָה הָיָה מְשַׁלֵּחַ תַּחַת הַדּוּד. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּתִגְלַחַת הַטָּהֳרָה. אֲבָל בְּתִגְלַחַת הַטֻּמְאָה, לֹא הָיָה מְשַׁלֵּחַ תַּחַת הַדּוּד. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל מְשַׁלְּחִין תַּחַת הַדּוּד, חוּץ מִן הַטָּמֵא שֶׁבַּמְּדִינָה בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "הָיָה מְבַשֵּׁל אֶת הַשְּׁלָמִים אוֹ שׁוֹלְקָן. הַכֹּהֵן נוֹטֵל אֶת הַזְּרוֹעַ בְּשֵׁלָה מִן הָאַיִל, וְחַלַּת מַצָּה אַחַת מִן הַסַּל, וּרְקִיק מַצָּה אֶחָד, וְנוֹתֵן עַל כַּפֵּי הַנָּזִיר וּמְנִיפָן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֻתַּר הַנָּזִיר לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן וּלְהִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּזְרַק עָלָיו אֶחָד מִן הַדָּמִים, הֻתַּר הַנָּזִיר לִשְׁתּוֹת בְּיַיִן וּלְהִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים: \n",
+ "גִּלַּח עַל הַזֶּבַח וְנִמְצָא פָסוּל, תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ פְסוּלָה, וּזְבָחָיו לֹא עָלוּ לוֹ. גִּלַּח עַל הַחַטָּאת שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו לִשְׁמָן, תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ פְסוּלָה, וּזְבָחָיו לֹא עָלוּ לוֹ. גִּלַּח עַל הָעוֹלָה אוֹ עַל הַשְּׁלָמִים שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו לִשְׁמָן, תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ פְסוּלָה, וּזְבָחָיו לֹא עָלוּ לוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אוֹתוֹ הַזֶּבַח לֹא עָלָה לוֹ, אֲבָל שְׁאָר זְבָחִים עָלוּ לוֹ. וְאִם גִּלַּח עַל שְׁלָשְׁתָּן וְנִמְצָא אֶחָד מֵהֶן כָּשֵׁר, תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ כְשֵׁרָה, וְיָבִיא שְׁאָר הַזְּבָחִים: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנִּזְרַק עָלָיו אֶחָד מִן הַדָּמִים וְנִטְמָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָבִיא שְׁאָר קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו וְיִטְהָר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בְמִרְיָם הַתַּרְמוֹדִית שֶׁנִּזְרַק עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִן הַדָּמִים, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ עַל בִּתָּהּ שֶׁהָיְתָה מְסֻכֶּנֶת, וְהָלְכָה וּמְצָאתָהּ שֶׁמֵּתָה, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, תָּבִיא שְׁאָר קָרְבְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְתִטְהָר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וְנָזִיר אֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לִקְרוֹבֵיהֶן, אֲבָל מִטַּמְּאִין לְמֵת מִצְוָה. הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ וּמָצְאוּ מֵת מִצְוָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִטַּמָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל וְאַל יִטַּמָּא נָזִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִטַּמָּא נָזִיר וְאַל יִטַּמָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל. אָמַר לָהֶם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, יִטַּמָּא כֹהֵן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קָרְבָּן עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ, וְאַל יִטַּמָּא נָזִיר שֶׁהוּא מֵבִיא קָרְבָּן עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, יִטַּמָּא נָזִיר שֶׁאֵין קְדֻשָּׁתוֹ קְדֻשַּׁת עוֹלָם, וְאַל יִטַּמָּא כֹהֵן שֶׁקְּדֻשָּׁתוֹ קְדֻשַּׁת עוֹלָם: \n",
+ "עַל אֵלּוּ טֻמְאוֹת הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ, עַל הַמֵּת, וְעַל כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וְעַל כַּזַּיִת נֶצֶל וְעַל מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, עַל הַשִּׁדְרָה וְעַל הַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת וְעַל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת וְעַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, וְעַל חֲצִי קַב עֲצָמוֹת וְעַל חֲצִי לֹג דָּם, עַל מַגָּעָן וְעַל מַשָּׂאָן וְעַל אָהֳלָן, וְעַל עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, עַל מַגָּעוֹ וְעַל מַשָּׂאוֹ. עַל אֵלּוּ הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ וּמַזֶּה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִי, וְסוֹתֵר אֶת הַקּוֹדְמִין, וְאֵינוֹ מַתְחִיל לִמְנוֹת אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיִּטְהַר וּמֵבִיא אֶת קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו: \n",
+ "אֲבָל הַסְּכָכוֹת, וְהַפְּרָעוֹת, וּבֵית הַפְּרָס, וְאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, וְהַגּוֹלֵל, וְהַדּוֹפֵק, וּרְבִיעִית דָּם, וְאֹהֶל, וְרֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת, וְכֵלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת, וִימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וִימֵי גָמְרוֹ, עַל אֵלּוּ אֵין הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ, וּמַזֶּה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִי, וְאֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶת הַקּוֹדְמִין, וּמַתְחִיל וּמוֹנֶה מִיָּד, וְקָרְבָּן אֵין לוֹ. בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ, יְמֵי הַזָּב וְהַזָּבָה וִימֵי הֶסְגֵּרוֹ שֶׁל מְצֹרָע, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ עוֹלִין לוֹ: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כָּל טֻמְאָה מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁהַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ עָלֶיהָ, חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ. וְכָל טֻמְאָה מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁאֵין הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ עָלֶיהָ, אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, לֹא תְהֵא זוֹ קַלָּה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, דַּנְתִּי לִפְנֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה אִם עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אָדָם בְּאֹהֶל, הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ עַל מַגָּעוֹ וְעַל מַשָּׂאוֹ. רְבִיעִית דָּם שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא אָדָם בְּאֹהֶל, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיְּהֵא הַנָּזִיר מְגַלֵּחַ עַל מַגָּעָהּ וְעַל מַשָּׂאָהּ. אָמַר לִי, מַה זֶה עֲקִיבָא, אֵין דָּנִין כָּאן מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. וּכְשֶׁבָּאתִי וְהִרְצֵיתִי אֶת הַדְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, אָמַר לִי, יָפֶה אָמַרְתָּ, אֶלָּא כֵּן אָמְרוּ הֲלָכָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שְׁנֵי נְזִירִים שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶן אֶחָד, רָאִיתִי אֶחָד מִכֶּם שֶׁנִּטְמָא וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מִכֶּם, מְגַלְּחִין וּמְבִיאִין קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּמֵא, קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלְּךָ. וְאִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּהוֹר, קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלְּךָ. וְסוֹפְרִין שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וּמְבִיאִין קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּמֵא, קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלְּךָ וְזֶה קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָתִי. וְאִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּהוֹר, קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלְּךָ וְזֶה קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָתְךָ. מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁיִּדֹּר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ בְנָזִיר, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם טָמֵא הָיִיתִי, הֲרֵי אַתָּה נָזִיר מִיָּד. וְאִם טָהוֹר הָיִיתִי, הֲרֵי אַתָּה נָזִיר אַחַר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם. וְסוֹפְרִין שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וּמְבִיאִין קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּמֵא, קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלְּךְ. וְאִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּהוֹר, קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה בְּסָפֵק. וְסוֹפְרִין שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם וּמְבִיאִין קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּמֵא, קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלְּךָ וְזֶה קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָתִי. וְאִם אֲנִי הוּא הַטָּהוֹר, קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה שֶׁלִּי וְקָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה בְּסָפֵק וְזֶהוּ קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָתְךָ. אָמַר לוֹ בֶן זוֹמָא, וּמִי שׁוֹמֵעַ לוֹ שֶׁיִּדֹּר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ בְנָזִיר. אֶלָּא מֵבִיא חַטַּאת הָעוֹף וְעוֹלַת בְּהֵמָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם טָמֵא הָיִיתִי, הַחַטָּאת מֵחוֹבָתִי וְהָעוֹלָה נְדָבָה. וְאִם טָהוֹר הָיִיתִי, הָעוֹלָה מֵחוֹבָתִי וְהַחַטָּאת בְּסָפֵק. וְסוֹפֵר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם וּמֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טָהֳרָה, וְאוֹמֵר, אִם טָמֵא הָיִיתִי, הָעוֹלָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה נְדָבָה וְזוֹ חוֹבָה. וְאִם טָהוֹר הָיִיתִי, הָעוֹלָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה חוֹבָה וְזוֹ נְדָבָה, וְזֶה שְׁאָר קָרְבָּנִי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, נִמְצָא זֶה מֵבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו לַחֲצָאִים. אֲבָל הוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים לְבֶן זוֹמָא: \n",
+ "נָזִיר שֶׁהָיָה טָמֵא בְסָפֵק וּמֻחְלָט בְּסָפֵק, אוֹכֵל בַּקָּדָשִׁים אַחַר שִׁשִּׁים יוֹם, וְשׁוֹתֶה יַיִן וּמִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים אַחַר מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים יוֹם, שֶׁתִּגְלַחַת הַנֶּגַע דּוֹחָה תִגְלַחַת הַנָּזִיר בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא וַדַּאי, אֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא סָפֵק אֵינָהּ דּוֹחָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַגּוֹיִם אֵין לָהֶם נְזִירוּת. נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם נְזִירוּת. חֹמֶר בַּנָּשִׁים מִבָּעֲבָדִים, שֶׁהוּא כוֹפֶה אֶת עַבְדּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ כוֹפֶה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. חֹמֶר בָּעֲבָדִים מִבַּנָּשִׁים, שֶׁהוּא מֵפֵר נִדְרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מֵפֵר נִדְרֵי עַבְדּוֹ. הֵפֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֵפֵר עוֹלָמִית. הֵפֵר לְעַבְדּוֹ, יָצָא לְחֵרוּת מַשְׁלִים נְזִירוּתוֹ. עָבַר מִכְּנֶגֶד פָּנָיו, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִשְׁתֶּה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יִשְׁתֶּה: \n",
+ "נָזִיר שֶׁגִּלַּח וְנוֹדַע לוֹ שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, אִם טֻמְאָה יְדוּעָה, סוֹתֵר. וְאִם טֻמְאַת הַתְּהוֹם, אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר. אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא גִלַּח, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ סוֹתֵר. כֵּיצַד, יָרַד לִטְבֹּל בִּמְעָרָה וְנִמְצָא מֵת צָף עַל פִּי הַמְּעָרָה, טָמֵא. נִמְצָא מְשֻׁקָּע בְּקַרְקַע הַמְּעָרָה, יָרַד לְהָקֵר, טָהוֹר. לִטַּהֵר מִטֻּמְאַת מֵת, טָמֵא, שֶׁחֶזְקַת טָמֵא טָמֵא וְחֶזְקַת טָהוֹר טָהוֹר, שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹצֵא מֵת בִּתְחִלָּה מֻשְׁכָּב כְּדַרְכּוֹ, נוֹטְלוֹ וְאֶת תְּבוּסָתוֹ. מָצָא שְׁנַיִם, נוֹטְלָן וְאֶת תְּבוּסָתָן. מָצָא שְׁלשָׁה, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעַד שְׁמֹנֶה, הֲרֵי זוֹ שְׁכוּנַת קְבָרוֹת. בּוֹדֵק הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְהַלָּן עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה. מָצָא אֶחָד בְּסוֹף עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, בּוֹדֵק הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְהַלָּן עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר, שֶׁאִלּוּ מִתְּחִלָּה מְצָאוֹ, נוֹטְלוֹ וְאֶת תְּבוּסָתוֹ: \n",
+ "כָּל סְפֵק נְגָעִים בַּתְּחִלָּה, טָהוֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִזְקַק לַטֻּמְאָה. מִשֶּׁנִּזְקַק לַטֻּמְאָה, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. בְּשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הַזָּב עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִזְקַק לַזִּיבָה. בְּמַאֲכָל, וּבְמִשְׁתֶּה, בְּמַשָּׂא, וּבִקְפִיצָה, וּבְחֹלִי, וּבְמַרְאֶה, וּבְהִרְהוּר. מִשֶּׁנִּזְקַק לַזִּיבָה, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ. אָנְסוֹ וּסְפֵקוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר. הַמַּכֶּה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ וַאֲמָדוּהוּ לְמִיתָה, וְהֵקֵל מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיָה, לְאַחַר מִכָּאן הִכְבִּיד וּמֵת, חַיָּב. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, פָּטוּר, שֶׁרַגְלַיִם לַדָּבָר: \n",
+ "נָזִיר הָיָה שְׁמוּאֵל, כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי נְהוֹרַאי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א א) וּמוֹרָה לֹא יַעֲלֶה עַל רֹאשׁוֹ, נֶאֱמַר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן (שופטים יג) וּמוֹרָה, וְנֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁמוּאֵל וּמוֹרָה, מַה מּוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בְשִׁמְשׁוֹן, נָזִיר, אַף מוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בִשְׁמוּאֵל, נָזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וַהֲלֹא אֵין מוֹרָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי נְהוֹרַאי, וַהֲלֹא כְבָר נֶאֱמַר (שמואל א טז) וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל אֵיךְ אֵלֵךְ וְשָׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַהֲרָגָנִי, שֶׁכְּבָר הָיָה עָלָיו מוֹרָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea07936c76128a7c0083bba7c2f5070ec6f7a0b0
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "actualLanguage": "fr",
+ "languageFamilyName": "french",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "",
+ "Dire à son prochain “je m’interdis telle jouissance”, en employant soit le mot qonam, soit qonah, soit qonass, c’est énoncer un synonyme du terme sacrifice (et de la défense qu’il comporte). Si l’on a exprimé l’interdit par l’un des termes Haraq, ou Harakh, ou Haraf, on a formulé les synonymes de l’anathème (avec ses conséquences légales). Si l’on a dit Naziq, ou Nazih, ou Pazih, cela équivaut à l’engagement par Naziréat; de même en employant pour l’interdit les mots Shbouta, ou Shqouqa, ainsi que le mot Mohi pour vœu, on s’est servi des synonymes de serment (avec ses suites juridiques).",
+ "Celui qui dit: “Ce que je mangerai de ce qui t’appartient sera pour moi comme non profane (mais sacré), ou non approprié pour moi, ni permis, que ce soit pur ou impur, qu’il s’agisse d’un reliquat de sainteté (resté après son temps), ou de ce qui est devenu repoussé (par suite d’un pensée défectueuse lors de l’offre)”, se rend cet objet interdit. Mais s’il dit: “Je le considère comme un agneau (à offrir), ou comme les cellules (du Temple), ou comme les bois (à brûler sur l’autel), ou comme les feux, ou comme l’autel, ou comme le parvis sacré, ou comme Jérusalem”, si enfin il a formulé son vœu par l’un des ustensiles de l’autel, bien qu’il n’ait pas mentionné le mot sacrifice, c’est un engagement qui entraîne le sacrifice. R. Juda dit: contracter un engagement, en disant “Jérusalem”, est non avenu.",
+ "Quelqu’un dit: “ce que je mangerai de toi me sera comme un holocauste, ou comme une offrande de farine, ou comme un sacrifice de péché, ou comme une action de grâce, ou une offrande pacifique”; l’objet ainsi visé devient alors interdit; R. Juda en permet la jouissance. S’il dit: “Ce que je mangerai de toi sera pour moi le sacrifice”, ou “comme un sacrifice”, ou (tout court) “sacrifice”, l’objet visé sera interdit. S’il dit: “au sacrifice, je ne mangerai rien de toi”, R. Meir (seul) l’interdit. Si l’un dit à son prochain: “qu’il soit interdit à ma bouche de parler avec toi”, ou “à ma main de travailler avec toi”, ou “à mon pied de marcher avec toi”, ces paroles constituent les interdits."
+ ],
+ [
+ "L’usage de l’objet visé devient permis si l’on se sert des expressions “que ce soit profane ce que je mangerai de toi”, ou “comme de la chair de porc”, ou “comme de l’idolâtrie”, ou “comme les peaux d’animaux dont le cœur a été arraché vivant” (à offrir aux idoles), ou “comme des bêtes déchirées”, ou “comme des animaux reconnus malades”, ou “comme des animaux en abomination”, ou “comme des reptiles”, ou “comme la pâte sacerdotale d’Aron”, ou “comme son oblation”; en ces cas, c’est permis. Celui qui dit à sa femme: “tu seras pour moi comme ma mère “(aussi interdite), on laisse un accès libre d’autre part, afin d’éviter que le mari se conduise à la légère sous ce rapport (par l’impossibilité de tenir strictement le vœu). Celui qui fait vœu de ne pas dormir, de ne pas parler, de ne pas marcher, ou celui qui fait vœu de ne pas avoir de relations maritales avec sa femme, transgresse la défense négative de “ne pas violer sa parole” (Nb 30,3) Mais s’il jure de ne pas vouloir dormir, ni parler, ni marcher, ces actes lui sont interdits (puisqu’il faut tenir son serment, et qu’en ces divers cas de serait impossible).",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit: “Sacrifice que je ne mange rien de ce qui est à toi”, ou “sacrifice que je mangerai du tien”, ou encore: “Non sacrifice de ne pas manger du tien”, l’objet visé est permis (l’engagement est nul). Mais s’il dit: “Je jure de ne pas manger du tien”, ou “je jure si jamais je mange du tien”, ou encore: “Non serment de ce que je ne mangerai pas du tien”, la consommation de l’objet ainsi visé sera interdite. C’est là une formule plus grave parmi les serments que parmi les vœux, comme il y a par contre des interdits plus graves que les serments. Ainsi, par exemple, si quelqu’un dit: “Je fais vœu de me priver de construire une Suka, de ne pas prendre le lulav, de ne pas mettre des Téphilin”, à la suite d’engagements par vœu, ces actes sont interdits; mais à la suite de serments, ils sont permis, car on ne saurait jurer de transgresser les préceptes légaux.",
+ "Il peut arriver qu’un engagement se superpose à un autre, mais il n'est pas possible qu’un serment se combine avec un autre. Voici comment: S’il arrive à quelqu’un de dire deux fois “que je sois Nazir si je mange”, il est tenu pour chaque engagement d’observer la période d’un mois du Naziréat, et au cas où il a mangé il est coupable d’avoir transgressé chaque engagement. Mais s’il a dit trois fois: “je jure de ne pas manger”, et qu’ensuite il a pourtant mangé, il est seulement coupable d’une transgression.",
+ "Le vœu exprimé d’une façon vague (indéterminée) sera admis dans le sens le plus sévère, tout en ajoutant la déclaration restrictive de l’entendre de la façon le moins sévère. Voici comment: Un homme dit par exemple “que ceci soit pour moi comme de la viande salée”, ou “comme du vin d’offrande”; les objets visés par de tels vœux se rapportant au culte divin seront interdits; mais si l’on avait en vue l’un de ces objets servant à l’idolâtrie, ils sont permis (le vœu est nul). En cas d’expression indéterminée (vague), ils deviennent interdits. S’il dit: “que ce soit pour moi en anathème”, au cas où il s’agit de l’anathème céleste, l’objet visé sera interdit; s’il s’agit seulement de l’anathème sacerdotal, l’objet en vue est permis; en cas d’expression indéterminée, celui-ci devient interdit. Si l’on dit: “que ce soit pour moi comme de la dîme”, au cas où il s’agit de la dîme d’animaux, le vœux ainsi formulé constitue l’interdit; s’il s’agit seulement de la dîme sur le blé, l’objet visé reste permis; en cas d’expression indéterminée, celui-ci devient interdit. Si l’on dit: “que ce soit pour moi comme de l’oblation”, au cas où il s’agit d’oblation pour la cellule sacrée (sacerdotale), le vœu rend l’objet interdit; s’il s’agit d’oblation en grange (sur la récolte), l’objet reste permis; en cas d’expression vague, il devient interdit. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Les sages disent: Au cas où la formule de vœu porte sur l’ “oblation” vague, en Judée l’objet devient interdit; mais en Galilée il reste permis, car les Galiléens ne reconnaissent pas l’oblation de la cellule. De même, l’expression vague de l’anathème laisse les objets permis en Judée; mais en Galilée, ils deviennent interdits, parce que ses habitants ne connaissent pas les anathèmes sacerdotaux.",
+ "Quelqu’un fait un vœu par le mot “anathème”, puis il dit: “En exprimant le vœu, je n’ai songé qu’à l’anathème de la mer” (voulant l’atténuer), ou s’il a employé l’expression “par un sacrifice”, puis il dit (pour se reprendre): “En formulant mon vœu par les sacrifices je n’ai envisagé que ceux des rois “ (volontaires), ou s’il a dit “que je sois moi-même un sacrifice”, puis (se reprenant), il dit: “j’entends avoir simplement formulé un vœu par l’os que j’ai laissé chez moi pour l’utiliser à faire un vœu”, ou s’il dit: “je m’interdis que ma femme jouisse de moi”, puis (se reprenant) il dit: “par l’interdit ainsi formulé j’ai eu seulement en vue ma première femme que j’ai répudiée”, dans aucun de ces cas il n’est nécessaire de consulter les sages pour arriver à lever ces interdits (ils sont tous nuls); et si (par ignorance) on a consulté les sages, ceux-ci puniront l’imprudent, en aggravant ses expressions de vœu. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, on cherchera à le dégager d’autre part (tout en maintenant le vœu), en enseignant de ne pas se conduire à la légère en fait de vœux."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Les sages ont permis (de délier) quatre sortes de vœux, ceux de l’imitation, de l’exagération, de l’erreur, de la contrainte. Voici un exemple de la 1re sorte: Si en vendant un objet, on dit à l’acquéreur: “je fais vœu de ne rien te réduire du prix d’un selà” (4 dinars), et celui-ci réplique s’interdire par vœu de rien ajouter au prix d’un sicle, tous deux s’accordent en somme sur le prix de trois dinars. R. Eléazar b. Jacob dit: le droit d’annulation est applicable p. ex. lorsque quelqu’un veut contraindre son prochain par vœu à manger chez lui; il dira alors: “tous les vœux que je formulerai à l’avenir sont annulés”, et il en sera ainsi à la condition de se rappeler cette restriction au moment de formuler les vœux..",
+ "Voici un exemple de la seconde sorte de déclarations: “Qu’il me soit interdit (de jouir de tel ou tel objet) si sur cette route je n’ai pas vu autant de monde qu’à la sortie d’Egypte”, ou “si je n’ai vu un serpent aussi gros que la poutre principale d’un pressoir”. Voici un exemple de la troisième sorte: dire “Que tel objet me soit interdit, si j’ai mangé, ou si j’ai bu”, et ensuite se souvenir avoir mangé ou bu; ou énoncer la même formule d’interdit par rapport à l’avenir, puis, par oubli de l’engagement, se mettre à boire ou à manger. Ou bien dire: “Je m’interdis par vœu de jouir de ma femme, parce qu’elle a volé ma coupe, ou parce qu’elle a frappé mon fils”, et il est notoire qu’elle n’a pas frappé, ni volé. Ou encore dire ceci, en voyant d’autres manger ses figues: “Que ces fruits vous soient interdits comme un sacrifice”, et il se trouve que c’était son père et ses frères, accompagnés d’autres personnes; en ce cas, dit l’école de Shammaï, ces proches parents conservent la faculté d’en manger, non les étrangers qui les accompagnent; selon l’école de Hillel, c’est permis aux uns et aux autres (par suite de l’annulation de l’interdit).",
+ "Voici un exemple de vœu par violence: Quelqu’un engage par vœu son prochain à manger chez lui, puis celui-ci tombe malade, ou son fils devient malade, ou la crue subite d’un cours d’eau l’empêche de passer; en ce cas, l’engagement est rompu par force majeure.",
+ "A l’égard des assassins, des brigands, ou des percepteurs d’impôts, il est permis d’affirmer par vœu que tel produit est de l’oblation sacerdotale, si même ce n’en est pas; ou qu’il est du domaine royal, si même il n’en est pas. L’école de Shammaï dit: pour ces sortes de vœux, on peut employer n’importe quelle expression, sauf le serment; selon l’école de Hillel, il est même permis d’employer la forme du serment. L’école de Shammaï dit: on ne doit pas dès l’abord (vis-à-vis de ces gens) affirmer sous forme de vœu (sans y être contraint); selon l’école de Hillel, c’est permis même en principe. L’école de Shammaï dit: il est seulement permis de formuler l’engagement par interdit sur ce qu’on veut lui enlever; l’école de Hillel le permet aussi pour le reste. Voici comment: lorsque le brigand lui dit d’affirmer son assertion en s’engageant par vœu (s’il mentait) à ne pas jouir de sa femme ou de ses enfants: en ce cas, selon l’école de Shammaï, il peut jouir de sa femme, non de ses enfants; selon l’école de Hillel, les uns et les autres restent permis au mari et père.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit: “que ces plantes servent de sacrifice, si elles ne sont pas brisées” (par l’ouragan), ou “que ce talit (ce manteau) serve de sacrifice s’il n’est pas brûlé”, il est permis (le cas échéant d’obligation) de les racheter. Mais si l’on a formulé le vœu ainsi: “que ces plantes soient consacrées en sacrifice, jusqu’à ce qu’elles soient brisées”, ou “que ce talit serve de sacrifice jusqu’à ce qu’il brûle”, il ne sera pas permis de le racheter.",
+ "Celui qui fait vœu de ne jouir en rien des voyageurs maritimes peut tirer jouissance de ceux d’entre eux qui demeurent sur le continent; celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir des habitants du contient ne pourra pas tirer jouissance des voyageurs maritimes, car ceux-ci font d’abord partie des habitants du continent (sur lequel ils s’arrêtent). Cependant, on ne considère pas comme voyageurs sur mer ceux qui vont d’Acco à Joppé (sur la même côte), mais ceux qui opèrent souvent une traversée maritime.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir de ceux qui voient le soleil ne pourra pas même tirer jouissance des aveugles, car on peut supposer l’intention d’avoir songé à ceux que le soleil voit.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir de ceux qui ont la tête noire ne peut pas non plus tirer jouissance des gens chauves, ou de ceux qui grisonnent; mais il est permis de tirer profit des femmes ou des enfants, car ladite dénomination de “tête noire” est applicable aux hommes seuls.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir de ceux qui naîtront (à l’avenir) peut jouir de ceux qui sont déjà nés; celui qui s’interdit au contraire de jouir de ceux qui sont nés ne pourra pas non plus jouir de ceux qui naîtront. Selon R. Meir, comme en cas d’interdit sur ceux qui naîtront (à l’avenir), il est permis de jouir de ceux déjà nés; de même, en cas d’interdit quant au passé (de ceux déjà nés), il est permis de tirer jouissance de ceux à l’avenir (de ceux qui naîtront). Selon les autres sages, on entend seulement par l’expression “ceux qui sont nés” ceux qui ont dans leur nature la faculté d’engendrer.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir en rien de ceux qui observent le repos du Shabat, ne pourra jouir d’aucun israélite, ni des Cuthéens (Samaritains). Celui qui s’interdit de jouir des “mangeurs d’oignons” ne pourra jouir d’aucun israélite, ni des Cuthéens. Enfin, celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir de ceux qui montent à Jérusalem ne pourra pas jouir des israélites (qui observent ce précepte), mais pourra jouir des Cuthéens (qui ne l’observent pas).",
+ "Celui qui dit: “Je m’interdis par vœux de ne pas jouir des Noahides”, pourra jouir des Israélites, non des gens d’autres nations. Par contre, celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir “des descendants de la race d’Abraham” ne pourra pas jouir des Israélites, mais des gens d’autres nations. Celui qui dit: “Je m’interdis de profiter d’un israélite”, devra ne lui acheter des produits qu’à un prix dépassant leur valeur, ou lui en vendra au-dessous de la valeur. Celui qui s’interdit par vœux “que des Israélites profitent de lui” devra acheter au-dessous de la valeur, ou vendre des produits au-delà de leur valeur, si toutefois le compagnon y consent. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir des autres, ni les autres de lui, pourra tirer jouissance des gens d’autres nations. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir des gens non circoncis, peut jouir des incirconcis israélites, mais il lui est défendu de jouir des circoncis païens. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir des gens circoncis, ne pourra pas tirer jouissance des incirconcis israélites (qui ne le sont qu’à titre exceptionnel), mais il lui est permis de jouir des circoncis d’autres nations; car le terme d’incirconcision est seulement applicable aux païens, comme il est dit (Jr 9, 26): Car toutes les nations sont des incirconcis (du prépuce), mais la maison entière, d’Israël se compose d’incirconcis du cœur; et il est dit (1S 17, 33): Puisse le Philistin, cet incirconcis, être ainsi; et encore (2S 1, 20): de crainte que les filles des Philistins se réjouissent, que les filles des incirconcis éclatent de joie. R. Eléazar b. Azaria dit: l’incirconcision est répugnante, puisqu’elle est reprochée aux païens, comme il est dit (ci-dessus): “Toutes les nations sont des incirconcis (du prépuce), et toute la fille d’Israël se compose d'incirconcis du cœur”. R. Ismaël dit: la circoncision est une loi grave, puisqu’en sa faveur treize alliances ont été conclues. R. Yossé dit: elle est si grave, qu’elle prédomine sur la loi importante du repos shabatique. R. Josué b. Qorha dit: elle est si grave que, même en faveur du législateur Moïse, elle ne fut pas suspendue une heure. R. Néhémie dit: elle est si grave qu’elle l’emporte sur la loi des plaies (d’ordinaire il est interdit de couper au Shabat, non en cas de circoncision). Rabbi dit: elle est si grave que le patriarche Abraham, même après avoir accompli tous les préceptes divins, ne reçut le surnom de parfait qu’après l’accomplissement de la circoncision, comme il est dit (Gn 92, 1): Marche devant moi et sois intègre. D’autre part, ce précepte de la circoncision est si important que, sans lui, le Très-Saint bénit- soit-il n’eût pas créé le monde, comme il est dit (Jr 33, 25): Ainsi s’est exprimé l’Eternel, si mon alliance (de la circoncision) n’existait jour et nui, je n’aurais pas établi les lois du ciel et de la terre."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Entre celui qui s’interdit par vœu toute jouissance de son prochain et celui qui s’interdit de rien manger de lui, il n’y a de différence que le passage (par la propriété de l’autre), ou l’emprunt d’ustensiles qui ne servent pas à la consommation. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir en rien de son prochain pour la consommation ne pourra lui emprunter, ni un van, ni un tamis, ni un moulin, ni un four; mais il pourra lui emprunter une chemise, ou une bague, ou un vêtement, ou des boucles d’oreilles, enfin tout objet en dehors du manger. Dans les localités où ces objets se louent en payant, il est aussi défendu de les emprunter au prochain-.",
+ "Si quelqu’un s’est interdit par vœu de ne jouir en rien de son prochain, celui-ci peut pourtant se charger de remettre son (1/2 sicle) (que l’autre doit à la caisse communale), ou payer pour lui sa dette, ou restituer au premier ce qu’il aurait perdu. Dans les localités où ces petits services se paient, le profit devra échoir au Trésor.-",
+ "Le même pourra prélever pour le premier l’oblation sacerdotale et les dîmes, si celui-ci le sait, ou offrir pour lui les nids d’oiseaux dus par les gonorrhéens, ou les femmes guéries de ce mal, ou ceux que doivent les femmes relevant de couches, ou les sacrifices du péché, ou ceux du doute. Le même pourra enseigner au premier l’exégèse, l’application des règles doctrinales (Halakha) et l’explication des légendes (Aggada); il ne pourra pas lui enseigner la Bible, mais il pourra l’enseigner à des enfants. De même il pourra nourrir la femme et les enfants du premier, quoique celui-ci soit lui-même tenu de les nourrir. Il ne devra pas pourvoir de fourrage l’animal du premier, soit pur, soit impur; selon R. Eliézer, il pourra nourrir l’impur, mais non l’animal pur. Pourquoi, lui demanda-t-on, distingues-tu ainsi le pur et l’impur? C’est que, répondit-il, la vie de la bête pure appartient au Ciel, et le corps est au possesseur; tandis que pour l’impur, le souffle vital et le corps sont le bien du Ciel. On peut alors dire, lui répliquèrent ses interlocuteurs, que pour l’impur aussi le souffle est au Ciel, et le corps au propriétaire; puisque, si celui-ci le veut, il a le droit de vendre cet animal à un païen, ou de le donner à manger aux chiens.",
+ "Si quelqu’un s’est interdit par vœu de jouir de son prochain et tombe malade, ce dernier, en lui rendant visite devra rester debout, non s’asseoir. Il guérira le mal du corps, mais non celui de ses biens. Il pourra se baigner avec lui dans une grande baignoire, non dans une petite, ou dormir avec lui dans un même lit. R. Juda n’autorise ce dernier fait qu’en été, non en hiver, parce qu’alors, en réchauffant son prochain par son contact, il lui ferait plaisir. Il est permis de s’attabler avec lui sur le même canapé, de manger avec lui à la même table, sans puiser de la même marmite; mais il pourra prendre part à un plat que l’on fait circuler à tous. Il ne devra pas manger avec lui d’une grande écuelle (crèche), mise devant les ouvriers, ni travailler avec lui à la même œuvre (contribuant ainsi à la part du travail du compagnon); tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, c’est permis, à condition de se tenir éloigné du personnage interdit.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir de son prochain avant la 7e année du repos agraire ne devra, ni descendre dans le champ de celui-ci, ni même manger des plants qui dépassent l’enclos de la vigne; en la 7e année, il ne lui est pas non plus permis de descendre au champ du prochain, mais il pourra manger des plants externes. Celui qui a fait seulement vœu de ne rien manger de son prochain avant la 7e année de repos pourra descendre dans le champ de celui-ci, sans manger de ses produits; celui qui a fait le vœu en la 7e année pourra s’y rendre et même y manger les produits.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de tirer aucune jouissance de son prochain ne devra ni rien lui prêter, ni lui emprunter, ni lui avancer de l’argent, ni en accepter de lui, ni lui rien vendre, ni acheter de lui. S’il le prie p. ex. de lui prêter sa vache, l’autre répondra qu’elle n’est pas libre. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jamais cultiver son champ, et qu’il ait la coutume de le cultiver, ne devra pas y toucher; mais c’est permis à tout autre; s’il n’a pas l’habitude de le cultiver lui-même, c’est interdit à tous.",
+ "Si quelqu’un s’interdit par vœu de jouir de son prochain et qu’il n’ait pas de quoi manger (sans lui), celui-ci pourra se rendre chez le boutiquier (marchand de comestibles), lui exposer son regret de laisser embarrassé l’homme engagé par vœu à ne rien accepter de lui. Le marchand pourra alors donner au premier, puis aller se faire payer du second. De même, si le 1er doit bâtir sa maison, ou l’entourer d’une haie, ou moissonner son champ, le prochain pourra aller exposer aux ouvriers son regret de laisser dans l’embarras l’homme engagé par vœu; ceux-ci alors pourront aller travailler pour l’homme lié par le vœu, puis se faire payer du premier.-",
+ "De même aussi, lorsque ces deux personnes voyagent ensemble et que la première n’a pas à manger, la seconde pourra remettre à un tiers des comestibles en don, puis la première aura le droit d’en user. Si personne n’est là, la seconde se contentera de déposer les objets sur le roc ou sur la haie, en déclarant les abandonner à tout venant; puis la première aura la faculté de les prendre et de manger. R. Yossé interdit ce subterfuge."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Lorsque 2 associés se sont réciproquement interdit par vœu de jouir l’un de l’autre, il leur est défendu d’entrer même dans la cour qu’ils ont en commun. R. Eliézer b. Jacob dit: chacun peut entrer dans sa propre maison; mais il leur est défendu à tous deux (même d’après lui) d’ériger dans la cour commune un moulin, ou un four, ou un poulailler. Si l’un d’eux s’interdit par vœu de jouir de son prochain, il ne devra pas même entrer dans la cour commune. Selon R. Eliézer b. Jacob, l’un peut arguer qu’il est censé dire à l’autre: “j’entre dans ma part, non dans la tienne”; en ce cas, on contraint celui qui a énoncé le vœu à céder sa part au voisin.",
+ "Si quelqu’un du dehors s’interdit par vœu de jouir de l’un des 2 copropriétaires de la cour, il ne devra pas pénétrer dans la cour. Selon R. Eliézer b. Jacob, il peut arguer qu’il passe dans la partie appartenant au voisin, non dans celle de l’homme sur qui porte l’interdit.",
+ "Si quelqu’un s’interdit par vœu de jouir de son prochain lequel possède un bain ou un pressoir loués en ville à un tiers, il sera interdit au premier de faire usage de ces objets, si le 2e y possède une part non louée (maintenue au propriétaire); au cas contraire, le premier peut en user. Si l’un dit à son prochain: “je m’engage par vœu à ne pas entrer dans ta maison, ni à acheter ton champ”, puis le prochain meurt, ou cède son bien à autrui, il sera permis au premier d’y pénétrer, ou de l’acheter. Mais s’il s’engage par vœu à ne pas entrer dans cette maison ou à ne pas acquérir ce champ, il ne lui sera jamais permis de modifier ses vues, même après la mort de son prochain, ou après que celui-ci a vendu son champ.",
+ "Pour celui qui dit: “Que je sois en anathème à toi” (que toute jouissance de moi soit radicalement interdite), cet interdit sera réel. S’il dit: “Sois-moi en anathème”, celui contre qui le vœu est prononcé est en interdit. S’il a dit: “Que je te sois en anathème et que tu me le sois”, tous deux sont interdits mutuellement. Tous deux peuvent user des objets appartenant en communs aux gens remontant de Babylone; mais il leur sera interdit de profiter de ce qui est seulement aux habitants de la ville.",
+ "On appelle biens communs à ceux qui retournent de Babylone: la montagne du Temple, les parvis, les puits creusés au milieu de la route. On nomme bien spécial des habitants d’une ville: la voie publique, le bain, la synagogue, l’arche sainte, les rouleaux de la Loi, enfin le legs de sa part futur au Nassi, gouverneur. Selon R. Juda, il importe peu que le legs s’adresse au Nassi ou à un simple particulier. Entre ces 2 dernières façons d’assigner un possesseur futur à ses biens, voici la seule différence: lorsqu’on les lègue au Nassi, il n’est pas nécessaire de les lui faire acquérir par autrui (en raison de sa dignité); tandis que cette intervention est indispensable pour qu’un simple particulier acquière. Selon les autres sages, il faut pour tous que l’acquisition soit faite à l’aide de l’entremise d’un tiers; et si l’on a parlé de l’offre au Nassi, c’est seulement parce que c’est le cas le plus fréquent. R. Juda dit: les habitants de la Galilée n’ont pas besoin de mettre de telles donations par écrit, car leurs ancêtres l’ont déjà fait ainsi à leur place.",
+ "Lorsque quelqu’un, s’étant engagé par vœu à ne jouir en rien de son prochain, n’a pas de quoi manger, celui-ci pourra remettre des comestibles en don à un tiers, et il sera permis au premier d’en user. Ainsi, il était arrivé à quelqu’un, à Ben-Horon, que son père s’était interdit d’avoir de lui aucune jouissance. Comme il mariait son fils, il dit à un voisin: “Que la cour et le repas de noces qu’elle contient te soient remis en don; mais ce transfert a seulement lieu pour que mon père puisse venir et prendre part à notre repas”. “Si ces biens sont à moi, dit le voisin, je les déclare consacrés au culte divin”. “Mais, lui répliqua le premier, je ne t’ai pas donné mon bien pour que tu le consacres au Ciel”. -“Certes, répondit le voisin, tu m’as transmis ton bien dans le seul but que ton père mange et boive avec toi, pour qu’il en résulte une réconciliation entre vous, mais en laissant suspendu sur sa tête le péché d’avoir transgressé son vœu “. Le cas fut soumis à l’appréciation des sages, et ils déclarèrent ceci: Un don qu’il n’est pas loisible au donataire de consacrer au culte n’est pas considéré comme définitif."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de manger de ce qui est cuit peut manger du rôti ou du bouilli. A celui qui formule vœu de ne pas goûter aux mets cuits, il sera interdit de manger d’un plat cuit mince, mais il lui sera permis de manger d’un plat épais (consistant). Il lui sera permis de manger un œuf à gober, ou une courge roussie dans les cendres chaudes.",
+ "A celui qui s’interdit par vœu de manger de la cuisson d’une marmite, il est seulement défendu d’user de ce qui a bouilli là. Mais lorsqu’il dit: “je déclare m’interdire par vœu de goûter à ce que l’on met dans le pot”, il lui sera défendu de toucher à tout ce que l’on cuit au pot.",
+ "A celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir de tout produit confit, il est seulement défendu de manger des légumes confits. Mais s’il déclare “ne pas vouloir goûter à un produit confit”, toutes les sortes lui seront interdites.A celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir de ce qui est bouilli à l’eau, il est seulement défendu de manger de la viande ainsi passée à l’eau; mais s’il déclare “ne pas vouloir goûter à un produit bouilli”, tous les mets bouillis lui seront interdits. A celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir des rôtis, il est seulement défendu de manger de la viande rôtie, selon l’avis de R. Juda; mais s’il a déclaré “ne vouloir goûter à aucun rôti”, tout objet rôti lui sera interdit. Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de manger des salaisons ne pourra pas manger de poisson salé (seul défendu); mais s’il a déclaré “ne pas vouloir goûter aux salaison, toutes les salaisons lui seront interdites” -.",
+ "A celui qui déclare “ne pas vouloir goûter au poisson ou aux poissons”, toutes les sortes seront interdites, soit le grands, soit les petits, salés ou non, vivants ou cuits; mais il lui sera permis de manger des parts de Triton (ou thon) et de la marinade. Celui qui fait vœu de ne pas manger des mélanges de poissons coupés, ne pourra pas manger des parts de Triton, mais pourra manger de la marinade et de la saumure. Enfin, celui qui s’est interdit par vœu de manger des parts de Triton pourra manger de la marinade, ou de la saumure, almuri\".",
+ "A celui qui s’est interdit par vœu de boire du lait, il est permis de boire du lait caillé; R. Yossé l’interdit. Celui qui a fait vœu de ne pas boire du lait caillé peut boire du lait. Aba Saül dit: celui qui s’est interdit par vœu de manger du fromage ne pourra en manger ni blanc, ni salée.",
+ "Celui qui s’est interdit la viande peut boire du bouillon, ou le résidu au fond du pot; R. Juda le défend, en racontant que R. Tarfon lui interdit même de manger des œufs qui auraient cuit dans ce bouillon. La règle est bien telle, lui répliquèrent les autres sages, lorsque la formule du vœu dit: “Que cette viande me soit interdite”, car lorsqu’on fait vœu de ne pas jouir de tel objet et qu’il se mêle à un autre, dès qu’il y a communication de goût, le 2e objet aussi devient interdit.",
+ "Malgré le vœu de s’abstenir du vin, il est permis de manger un mets qui a le goût du vin. Mais si l’on a fait vœu de “ne pas goûter à ce vin” et qu’il tombe dans un mets, dès qu’il y a eu communication de goût du vin, le plat devient interdit. Celui qui s’interdit pur vœu de manger des raisins peut boire du vin; celui qui s’interdit de manger des olives peut user d’huile. Mais s’il a dit: “je m’engage par vœu à ne pas goûter à ces olives, ou à ces raisins”, soit les fruits désignés, soit d’autres analogues lui seront interdits.",
+ "Celui qui s’est engagé par vœu à ne pas manger de dattes peut en consommer le miel; celui qui s’est interdit de manger des verjus peut boire le vinaigre qui en provient. R. Juda b. Bethera établit cette règle: pour tout ce qui garde son nom originaire, lorsqu’on a exprimé le vœu d’abstention, le produit qui en dérive sera également défendu; les autres sages permettent d’user de ce dernier.",
+ "Celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir du vin peut boire du jus de pomme; celui qui s’est interdit l’huile peut user de l’extrait de sésame (pavot); celui qui s’est interdit le miel (ordinaire) peut user du miel de dattes; celui qui s’est interdit le vinaigre peut user du produit des verjus; celui qui s’est interdit l’ail peut manger des porreaux (capitatus); celui qui s’est interdit les légumes verts (sans autre désignation) pourra manger des légumineux des champs, parce que ceux-ci ont un nom complémentaire. Celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir de choux cramba ne pourra pas manger non plus d’asperge asparago\", comprise dans le premier genre); mais celui qui fait vœu de s’abstenir de ce dernier légumineux (spécial) peut manger des choux. Celui qui s’interdit des pois cassés ne peut pas manger de bouillie (semblable d’aspect); R. Yossé l’autorise. Celui qui s’interdit de la bouillie peut manger pourtant des pois cassés, mais non des oignons écrasé; R. Yossé permet aussi ces derniers. Celui qui s’interdit les oignons peut manger de la bouillie.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit les lentilles ne mangera pas non plus de lentilles écrasées au miel; R. Yossé le permet. Mais si l’on interdit cette dernière sorte, les lentilles en général sont permises. Celui qui s’interdit de goûter au froment ne devra manger ni farine, ni pain. Celui qui s’interdit de goûter aux pois cassés ne pourra en manger ni crus, ni cuits. R. Juda cependant dit: celui qui s’est interdit par vœu de goûter aux pois cassé, ou au froment, pourra les mâcher à l’état cru."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Celui qui fait vœu de ne pas manger de légumes verts, pourra manger des courges; R. aqiba le défend. -Mais, objectèrent les autres sages à R. aqiba, n’arrive-t-il pas, lorsqu’on charge quelqu’un d’aller acheter un légume vert, que celui-ci vous réponde n’avoir trouvé que des courges? -C’est vrai, répliqua R. aqiba; mais l’envoyé ne répond pas n’avoir trouvé qu’un légume sec: c’est donc que les courges font partie des légumes verts, laquelle classe ne comprend aucun farineux (légume sec). De même, la fève égyptienne fraîche lui est interdite, non celle qui est sèche.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de manger du blé ne peut pas non plus manger de la fève égyptienne sèche, selon l’avis de R. Meir; mais, selon les autres sages, les 5 espèces seules de blé sont défendues. R. Meir dit: celui qui fait vœu de ne pas manger de la moisson s’interdit seulement les cinq espèces notoires de blé; mais à celui qui s’interdit de manger du blé, toute moisson est défendue, et il leur est seulement permis d’user des fruits de l’arbres et des légumes verts.",
+ "Celui qui s’est interdit par vœu de porter une couverture a le droit de revêtir un sac, ou une étoffe (comme le rideau), ou une simple enveloppe. Celui qui déclare faire vœu de ne pas porter de laine pourra se couvrir avec de la tonte de laine (non travaillée). Celui qui déclare faire vœu de ne pas porter de fil pourra se couvrir avec du chanvre en branches. R. Juda dit: tout dépend des dispositions (de la constitution) de celui qui émet le vœu. Ainsi, lorsqu’étant chargé de ces matériaux jusqu’à transpirer et qu’éprouvant de la peine à respirer il s’écrie: “Je fais vœu de ne pas porter de laine, ou du fil”, il lui sera permis de se couvrir de l’une des dites façons, sans toutefois faire tomber l’étoffe sur le dos.",
+ "Celui qui s’interdit par vœu de jouir d’une maison pourra user du grenier, selon l’avis de R. Meir; les autres sages déclarent que le grenier fait partie de la maison; mais celui qui s’interdit seulement le grenier, peut jouir du reste de la maison.",
+ "Celui qui s’est interdit de jouir d’un lit pourra user d’un sopha (plus bas), selon l’avis de R. Meir; mais les autres sages déclarent le sopha considéré comme un lit (et défendu). Celui qui fait vœu de ne pas user de sopha pourra se servir d’un lit.. De même, celui qui s’interdit par vœu de pénétrer dans telle ville, pourra entrer dans sa limite shabatique (ou banlieue), mais il lui sera défendu de pénétrer dans la partie incorporée; à celui qui s’est interdit de pénétrer dans une maison, il est défendu de passer au-delà du seuil.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit: “Que ces fruits me soient interdits”, ou “que ces fruits soient interdits sur ma bouche”, ou “à ma bouche”, ils sont non seulement interdits, mais encore ce que l’on a échangé contre eux, ou ce qu’ils ont produit après avoir été semés, l’est aussi. S’il déclare ne pas vouloir les manger, ni les goûter, il est permis de manger ce qui a été échangé contre eux, ou ce qui a poussé de leur semence, lorsque cette dernière se dissout complètement dans le sol; mais lorsqu’elle ne se dissout pas, même les produits des produits restent interdits.",
+ "Lorsqu’un mari dit à sa femme: “Je m’interdis toute œuvre de tes mains”, ou “qu’elle soit interdites sur ma bouche”, ou “qu’elle soit interdite à ma bouche”, elle est non seulement interdite, mais aussi ce qui a été échangé contre elle, ou ce qui a poussé par elle. Mais s’il a dit: “Je m’interdis d’en manger, ou d’y goûter”, il sera permis d’user de l’échange opéré, ou du produit de la semence, lorsque cette dernière se dissout dans le sol; lorsque celle-ci ne se dissout pas, même les produits des produits restent interdits.",
+ "Mais s’il a déclaré faire vœu de ne pas manger ce qu’elle aura préparé avant Pâques, ni de revêtir ce qu’elle aura élaboré avant cette date, il lui sera défendu même après cette fête de jouir des préparatifs antérieurs de sa femme.",
+ "Lorsque le mari dit à sa femme: “qu’il te soit interdit d’avoir de moi aucune jouissance jusqu’à la fête de Pâques si tu te rends à la maison de ton père d’ici à la fête des Tabernacles”, et elle y est allée avant Pâques, elle ne pourra avoir de lui aucune jouissance jusqu’à la fête de Pâques. Si elle est allée chez son père après Pâques, elle transgresse le précepte de ne pas profaner la parole donnée. Mais s’il dit: “qu’il te soit interdit d’avoir de moi nulle jouissance jusqu’aux Tabernacles si tu vas à la maison paternelle avant Pâques”, et elle est allée avant Pâques, elle ne pourra avoir de lui aucune jouissance jusqu’à la fête des Tabernacles; mais elle pourra aller chez son père après Pâques."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A celui qui s’interdit de goûter au vin en ce jour, le vin reste défendu jusqu’à la nuit. Si l’interdit porte sur la semaine, toute cette semaine la défense subsiste, y compris le Shabat suivant. S’il est interdit “ce mois”, tout le mois sera défendu avec la néoménie qui suit. S’il est interdit “l’année”, toute l’année sera défendue avec le prochain jour de nouvel-an. Si l’homme s’interdit une période de 7 ans, toute la septaine reste défendue, y compris la 7e année du repos agraire qui suit. Mais s’il spécifie: “un jour”, “une semaine”, “un mois”, “une année”, “une septaine”, l’interdit est limité à la période indiquée.",
+ "Si dans l’expression d’interdit par vœu, il est dit “jusqu’à Pâques”, la défense va jusqu’à l’arrivée de cette fête (exclusivement). S’il est dit: “jusqu’à ce que la fête soit (là)”, l’interdit subsiste, jusqu’à l’issue de cette fête. S’il est dit: “jusqu’en présence de Pâques”, l’interdit subsiste, selon R. Meir, jusqu’à l’arrivée de la fête (exclusivement); selon R. Yossé, il subsiste jusqu’à l’issue de la fête.",
+ "S’il est dit: “jusqu’à l’époque de la moisson”, ou “jusqu’aux vendanges”, ou “jusqu’à la cueillette des olives”, l’interdit subsiste seulement jusqu’à l’arrivée de ce moment. Voici la règle générale: Chaque fois qu’il s’agit d’une époque déterminée et que le vœu contient le terme jusqu’à, l’interdit cesse dès l’arrivée du moment déterminé; lorsqu’au contraire on emploie l’expression “jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit”, l’interdit subsiste jusqu’à la fin de cette époque. Lorsqu’enfin il s’agit d’une époque indéterminée, soit que l’on ait employé l’expression “jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit” (là), soit l’expression “jusqu’à l’arrivée”, en tous cas l’interdit cesse dès que l’époque en question commence.",
+ "S’il est dit: “jusqu’à l’été”, ou “jusqu’à ce que l’été soit”, on entend par là: jusqu’au moment où le peuple commence à apporter les fruits à la maison en panier. S’il est dit: “Jusqu’à ce que l’été soit passé”, on entend par là le moment où l’on replie les treillis (sur lesquels on a fait sécher les fruits). Si l’on dit: “jusqu’à la moisson”, on entend par là l’instant où le peuple commence à moissonner le froment, non celui où il coupe l’orge (antérieure). Tout dépend de l’endroit où l’on se trouvait à l’émission du vœu. Ainsi, en se trouvant alors sur une montagne, il s’agira du moment de la moisson (un peu tardive) sur la montagne; et si l’on s’est trouvé alors en plaine, il s’agira de la moisson en plaine (qui a lieu plus tôt).",
+ "S’il est dit: “jusqu’aux pluies”, ou “jusqu’à ce que la pluie survienne”, l’interdit subsiste jusqu’à ce que la seconde pluie fécondante tombe. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: l’interdit subsiste seulement jusqu’à l’arrivée de l’époque de la pluie fécondante. S’il est dit: “jusqu’à ce que la pluie cesse”, on entend par là jusqu’à l’achèvement complet du mois de Nissan; tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Juda, on entend par là: jusqu’à ce que Pâques soit passé-. Lorsque quelqu’un dit: “je m’engage par vœu à ne pas goûter de vin cette année” et l’année est déclarée embolismique, l’interdit subsiste toute l’année sans le mois supplémentaire. S’il a dit: “jusqu’au commencement du mois d’Adar”, l’interdit subsistera seulement jusqu’au commencement d’Adar I; de même, s’il est dit: “jusqu’à la fin d’Adar”, on entend par là: Adar I. R. Juda dit: lorsque quelqu’un s’est engagé par vœu “à ne pas goûter au vin jusqu’à ce que Pâques soit là”, l’interdit cesse dès la 1re nuit de Pâques, car il a dû entrer dans sa pensée de cesser l’interdit au moment où tous ont l’habitude de boire du vin (soit à la 1re nuit).",
+ "Pour celui qui s’interdit par vœu de ne pas goûter de la viande “jusqu’à ce que le jeûne arrive”, l’interdit cesse dès la nuit qui précède le jeûne; car il a dû entrer dans sa pensée de redevenir libre au moment où les hommes ont l’habitude de manger de la viande. R. Yossé son fils dit: pour celui qui s’engage par vœu à ne pas goûter aux oignons “jusqu’à ce que le Shabat soit arrivé”, l’interdit cesse la veille à la nuit, car il a dû entrer dans sa pensée de ne pas prolonger l’interdit au-delà de l’instant où les hommes ont l’habitude de manger des oignons. Si quelqu’un dit à son prochain: “je m’engage par vœu à ne jouir en rien de toi, à moins que tu viennes prendre pour tes fils un cour de froment et deux tonneaux de vin”, l’autre pourra le dégager de son vœu, sans recourir à l’intervention d’un savant, en lui disant: “Tu t’es sans doute exprimé ainsi, pour m’honorer; mais tu me feras honneur en me permettant de ne pas accepter”. De même, lorsque quelqu’un a dit à son prochain: “je t’interdis par vœu de jouir de moi, à moins qu’en venant tu apportes à mon fils une grande mesure de froment et deux tonneaux de vin”, la défense subsiste, selon R. Meir, jusqu’à la remise du don stipulé; d’après les autres sages, celui-là même qui a énoncé le vœu pourra l’annuler plus tard, sans l’intervention d’un savant, en déclarant à son prochain qu’il le considère comme s’il avait reçu de lui la donation stipulée.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit à son prochain: “je m’engage par vœu à ne jouir en rien de toi, à moins que tu viennes prendre pour tes fils un cour de froment et deux tonneaux de vin”, l’autre pourra le dégager de son vœu, sans recourir à l’intervention d’un savant, en lui disant: “Tu t’es sans doute exprimé ainsi, pour m’honorer; mais tu me feras honneur en me permettant de ne pas accepter”. De même, lorsque quelqu’un a dit à son prochain: “je t’interdis par vœu de jouir de moi, à moins qu’en venant tu apportes à mon fils une grande mesure de froment et deux tonneaux de vin”, la défense subsiste, selon R. Meir, jusqu’à la remise du don stipulé; d’après les autres sages, celui-là même qui a énoncé le vœu pourra l’annuler plus tard, sans l’intervention d’un savant, en déclarant à son prochain qu’il le considère comme s’il avait reçu de lui la donation stipulée. Si l’on a insisté auprès de quelqu’un pour qu’il épouse la fille de sa sœur (à titre de parent) et qu’il dise: “je fais vœu qu’elle ne jouira jamais de moi”, ou si quelqu’un répudiant sa femme dit: “je fais vœu que ma femme ne jouisse jamais de moi”, il est pourtant permis à ces femmes de tirer profit de lui; car dans sa pensée il s’agissait seulement d’interdire les relations conjugales. Si quelqu’un insiste auprès de son prochain pour qu’il mange chez lui, et le prochain déclare faire vœu de ne pas entrer dans la maison du premier, ou dit: “je m’interdis d’accepter chez toi même une goutte d’eau froide”, il sera pourtant permis à ce dernier d’entrer dans la maison du premier et de boire froid, car dans sa pensée l’interdit s’applique seulement au manger et boire complets (refusés)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Eliézer dit: pour amener l’homme à exprimer le regret d’un vœu, on fera valoir l’honneur qu’il doit rendre à son père et à sa mère; les autres sages l’interdisent. R. Zadoq dit: Au lieu de susciter le regret du vœu en faisant valoir l’honneur à rendre aux père et mère, il vaut mieux le susciter en invoquant le respect divin; de la sorte, qu’il n’y aura pas de vœu prononcé inconsidérément. Toutefois, les sages se rangent à l’avis de R. Eliézer pour reconnaître que s’il s’agit d’un vœu touchant aux relations entre un homme et ses parents, il est bon d’invoquer l’honneur qu’il faut rendre à son père et à sa mère.",
+ "R. Eliézer dit encore: on provoque le regret même par une cause née après l’énoncé du vœu; les autres sages l’interdisent. Voici un exemple: Quelqu’un s’est interdit par vœu de jouir en rien de tel homme, puis celui-ci devient scribe, ou marie son fils peu après, et le premier dit: “Si j’avais su que cet homme deviendra scribe, on marie bientôt son fils, je n’aurais pas énoncé le vœu formulé”; ou bien si le premier s’est engagé par vœu à ne pas entrer dans telle maison, puis celle-ci est devenue la synagogue, et il dit: “Si j’avais su que cette maison deviendra un jour la synagogue, je n’aurais pas formulé ledit vœu”, R. Eliézer permettra à cet homme d’en user; mais les autres sages le défendent (ils maintiennent le vœu).",
+ "R. Meir dit: certains sujets semblent nouvellement nés, sans l’être réellement (et peuvent servir à provoquer le regret); les autres sages n’adoptent pas son avis. Voici un exemple: “Si l’on dit je m’interdis par vœu d’épouser telle femme, parce que son père est un impie”, puis on lui annonce que le père est mort, ou qu’il s’est repenti, ou s’il a dit: “Je m’interdis par vœu d’entrer dans cette maison, parce qu’il y a un chien dangereux, ou un serpent”, puis on lui dit que le chien est crevé, ou que le serpent a été tué, ce sont des faits à considérer comme nouvellement survenus, sans l’être réellement (pouvant provoquer l’annulation du vœu); les autres sages ne le reconnaissent pas.",
+ "R. Meir dit encore: on suscite le regret en invoquant le texte de la Bible et en disant: “Aurais-tu émis le vœu si tu avais su transgresser la défense de ne pas se venger, ni d’être en colère (Lv 19, 18), ou la défense de ne pas haïr son frère en son cœur (ibid. 17), ou de manger au précepte d’aimer ton prochain comme toi-même (ibid. 18), ou de manquer au précepte de faire vivre ton frère avec toi (ibid. 25), car il pourrait devenir pauvre, et, par suite de ton vœu inconsidéré, tu serais dans l’impossibilité de le nourrir”. Lorsqu’à la suite de ces remarques il déclare que s’il l’avait su il n’aurait pas prononcé de vœu, cette expression de vœu suffit à le délier.",
+ "On peut susciter le regret du vœu en rappelant à un homme qu’il doit le douaire de la femme. Ainsi, il était arrivé à quelqu’un de s’interdire toute jouissance de sa femme, dont le douaire s’élevait à 400 dinars. Au moment du divorce (qui en résulta), le cas fut exposé à R. aqiba, qui déclara le mari tenu de lui rembourser son douaire. Mais celui-ci dit: “Maître, mon père a laissé après sa mort 800 dinars, sur lesquels mon frère et moi avons pris chacun 400 dinars; ne suffirait-il pas que ma femme prélève 200 dinars de mon avoir, et qu’il m’en reste 200? -Non, lui dit R. aqiba, quand tu devrais vendre les cheveux de la tête, tu dois lui rembourser son douaire entier. -Si j’avais su, répliqua le mari, que j’eusse à me dépouiller ainsi complètement, je n’eus pas fait le vœu en question”. Sur quoi, R. aqiba le déclara délié (et la femme permis au mari).",
+ "On peut provoquer le regret du vœu en rappelant les jours de fête, ou les Shabats. En principe, on avait dit: Pendant les jours fériés, l’effet du vœu est suspendu, mais l’interdit subsiste les autres jours; depuis lors, R. aqiba est venu enseigner qu’un vœu, même levé partiellement l’est tout entier.",
+ "Voici un exemple pour cette règle: quelqu’un déclare s’interdire de tirer profit de tous ceux à qui il s’adresse; dès qu’il est délié à l’égard de l’un d’eux, il l’est pour tous. S’il dit ne vouloir jouir ni d’un tel, ni d’un tel, lorsque le vœu cesse à l’égard du premier, il cessera aussi pour les autres; si le dernier seul se trouve délié, les autres restent interdits. S’il déclare considérer un tel et tel aussi interdit qu’un sacrifice, il faudra trouver une expression de regret pour chaque objet interdit en particulier (afin de se délier).",
+ "S’il dit: “je fais vœu de ne pas goûter au vin, car il nuit à l’estomac”, et qu’on lui dise; “le vin vieux profite à l’estomac”, ce dernier devient permis, et dès lors, à la suite, tout autre vin. S’il déclare faire vœu de ne pas goûter aux oignons, “car ils nuisent au cœur”, et qu’on lui observe que l’oignon de Chypre est avantageux au cœur (lui fait du bien), ce dernier devient permis, et dès lors à sa suite, toutes les sortes deviennent permises. Ainsi, il est arrivé effectivement que R. Meir (en une telle circonstance) permis de manger toutes sortes d’oignons.",
+ "On suscite à l’homme un retour sur son vœu, en faisant valoir le respect de soi-même et l’honneur de ses enfants. Ainsi, on lui dira (après l’énoncé de son vœu): “Te doutais-tu de ce que demain on dira de toi qu’il est dans ton habitude de répudier tes femmes? Puis de tes filles, on dira que ce sont les filles d’une répudiée, que leur mère a dû commettre quelque faute grave qui motivât la répudiation”. Lorsqu’ensuite il dira: “Si j’avais songé à ces conséquences, je n’aurais pas émis mon vœu”, il est dès lors délié par cette expression de regret.",
+ "Si quelqu’un déclare s’interdire par vœu d’épouser une telle “car elle est laide”, tandis qu’en réalité elle est belle, ou “parce qu’elle est noire”, tandis qu’elle est blanche, ou “parce qu’elle est petite”, tandis qu’en réalité elle est grande, il lui sera permis de l’épouser; non pas que de laide elle est devenue belle, ou de noire elle est devenue blanche, ou de petite elle a grandi: c’est que le vœu en lui-même était erroné, de sorte qu’il n’est pas besoin de libération par des savants. Selon R. Ismaël, ce mariage est possible même lorsque la fille avait d’abord un des défauts sus-énoncés, puis, elle s’en est défaite. Ainsi un jour, quelqu’un s’était interdit de jouir de sa nièce, fille de sa sœur. On l’amena à la maison de R. Ismaël, qui la para: - “Quoi, mon fils, lui dit R. Ismaël, est-ce de cette fille que tu as fais vœu de t’abstenir”? -Non, dit-il. A ce moment R. Ismaël le déclara libéré de son interdit. Puis le rabbi se mit à pleurer, et s’écria: “Les filles d’Israël sont belles; mais la pauvreté les enlaidit”."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Les vœux d’une fille fiancée seront annulés par son père et son fiancé (ensemble). Si le père seul les a annulés sans le concours du futur ou si ce dernier seul les a annulés sans le père, il n’y a pas d’annulation; et il va sans dire qu’il suffit du maintien par l’un d’eux pour confirmer les vœux de la fille.",
+ "Si à ce moment le père meurt, le droit de ce dernier n’est pas réversible sur le futur; mais si le futur meurt, son droit est réversible sur le père. En ceci donc, le pouvoir du père est supérieur à celui du futur mari; mais en d’autres faits, le pouvoir du futur est supérieur à celui du père, en ce que par exemple il peut annuler les vœux d’une fille qui atteint la 2e majorité, tandis que le père ne le peut plus (il n’a plus alors de pouvoir sur elle).",
+ "Si une telle jeune fille fiancée a formulé un vœu, puis elle est répudiée le même jour, et le même jour encore elle est de nouveau fiancée à un autre, y eut-il ainsi cent transitions de cette sorte, le père et le dernier fiancé peuvent ensemble la délier de ses vœux. Voici la règle: Aussi longtemps qu’elle n’est pas devenue une heure complète indépendante (par suite de nouvelles fiançailles immédiates), son père et son dernier fiancé peuvent s’unir pour annuler ses vœux.",
+ "Chez les savants il est d’usage, avant que la fille quitte la maison (pour son mari), de lui dire: “Je déclare annulés tous les vœux que tu as formulé chez moi” (pour la délier). De même, avant qu’elle entre chez lui, le mari lui dira: “Je déclare annulés tous les vœux que tu as prononcés avant que tu entres chez moi”; car, une fois qu’elle est en son pouvoir, il ne peut plus rien annuler rétroactivement.",
+ "Après qu’une fille de seconde majorité a laissé passer douze mois depuis ses fiançailles, ou pour une veuve fiancée après une période de trente jours, selon R. Eliézer, le futur pourra énoncer le libération des vœux, de même qu’il est tenu de pourvoir à sa nourriture; selon les autres sages, ce futur ne peut pas les délier, jusqu’à ce que la femme entre en la puissance du mari (après le mariage effectif).",
+ "Si une veuve (sans enfant) attend de son beau-frère le mariage par lévirat, que ce soit d’un beau-frère ou de l’un des deux, R. Eliézer autorise le beau-frère à annuler ses vœux; selon R. Josué, c’est permis si elle attend le mariage d’un seul, non si elle l’attend de l’un d’eux. R. aqiba ne le permet pas, ni si elle attend le mariage d’un seul, ni de deux. R. Eliézer justifie son avis en raisonnant ainsi: puisqu’un mari a l’autorité nécessaire pour délier les vœux d’une femme qu’il s’est acquise de son propre chef, à plus forte raison doit-il avoir ce pouvoir sur une femme qui lui est comme assignée par le ciel. -Non, lui répliqua R. aqiba, il n’en est pas de même: sur la femme que l’homme s’est acquise lui-même (de plein gré), d’autres n’ont pas de pouvoir; tandis que sur cette femme (belle-sœur) qui lui est assignée par voie céleste, d’autres ont parfois du pouvoir. R. Josué lui répondit: aqiba, tes paroles sont justes s’il y a au moins deux beaux-frères; mais quelle raisons invoques-tu s’il n’y a qu’un beau-frère? C’est que, répond aqiba, la belle-sœur veuve n’appartient pas complètement au beau-frère (avant le mariage), pas plus qu’une fiancée n’est entièrement à son futur.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit à sa femme: “Je déclare valables tous les vœux que tu formuleras jusqu’à mon retour de tel endroit”, c’est comme s’il n’avait rien dit. Mais s’il dit d’avance: “Je les déclare nuls”, selon R. Eliézer, ils seront réellement annulés; selon les autres sages, il ne seront pas annulés. Quoi, leur dit R. Eliézer, si le mari peut annuler les vœux déjà arrivés à la période d’interdit (déjà formulés), pourquoi n’aurait-il pas ce pouvoir sur les vœux non encore parvenus à cette période? C’est que, lui répliquèrent-ils, la Bible dit (Nb 30, 14): Son mari le maintiendra, et son mari pourra l’annuler; les vœux seuls susceptibles d’être rendus valables peuvent aussi être annulés, non ceux qu’il est impossible de confirmer.",
+ "L’annulation des vœux (d’une femme par son mari) peut avoir lieu toute la journée. Cette règle entraîne un allégement et une aggravation. Voici comment: Si elle a émis un vœu la nuit du Shabat (vendredi soir), le mari a le temps de l’annuler, soit en cette nuit, soit toute la journée du Shabat jusqu’à ce qu’il fasse nuit. Si elle formule le vœu tout près de la nuit, il faut que l’annulation soit énoncée de suite avant la nuit close; car, après que la nuit est survenue sans qu’il y ait eu annulation, il serait trop tard."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Voici les vœux que le père (ou le mari) peut annuler: ceux pour lesquels il est question de se mortifier le corps, comme de s’interdire le bains (soit à jamais, soit pour cette journée), ou l’interdit des ornement (dans les mêmes conditions). R. Yossé dit: ces 2 sujets ne sont pas des vœux de mortification.",
+ "Voici des vœux comprenant la mortification: si la femme déclare s’interdire par vœu de goûter à aucun fruit du monde, le mari peut l’annuler. Si elle s’interdit par vœu de goûter aux fruits de cette province, il pourra lui en apporter d’une autre province. Si elle s’interdit seulement les fruits de tel boutiquier, le mari ne pourra pas annuler ce vœu. Mais si le mari ne tire ses moyens d’existence que du boutiquier en question, il pourra annuler aussi ce vœu, selon l’avis de R. Yossé.",
+ "Si la femme dit: “Je m’interdis par vœu de tirer une jouissance des créatures (mâles)”, le mari ne pourra pas annuler ce vœu; toutefois, elle pourra bénéficier du glanage, des épis oubliés et de l’angle des champs (tous droits des pauvres). Si elle déclare faire vœu que ni les cohanim, ni les lévites, ne pourront tirer profit d’elle, ceux-ci prendront leurs revenus légaux malgré elle. Si elle spécifie que tels cohanim, ou tels lévites ne pourront pas profiter d’elle, d’autres pourront prendre ces revenus.–",
+ "Si la femme déclare: “Je m’interdis par vœu de travailler pour mon père, ou pour ton père, ou pour mon frère, ou pour ton frère”, le mari ne pourra pas annuler ce vœu. Si elle déclare faire vœu de ne pas travailler sur l’ordre du mari, il n’a même pas besoin d’annuler ce vœu (sans valeur); selon R. aqiba, le mari devra l’annuler (pour la libérer), car elle pourrait fournir plus de travail qu’il n’en est dû (lequel excédant tomberait sous le coup de l’interdit). Selon R. Yohanan b. Nouri, le mari devra annuler ce vœu, car il peut survenir qu’il la répudie, et il lui serait interdit désormais de tirer aucun profit d’elle.",
+ "Si la femme de quelqu’un a formulé un vœu, et le mari a cru que sa fille l’avait formulé; ou si sa fille émet un vœu et le mari a cru que c’était sa femme; ou si la formule a été énoncée par le Naziréat (abstinence), et il a supposé que c’est par l’expression “comme un sacrifice”; ou à l’inverse si la formule usitée était “par le sacrifice”, et il a supposé que c’est par Naziréat; ou si elle a fait vœu de s’abstenir de figues, et il a cru qu’il s’agit de raisins, ou si à l’inverse elle s’est interdit les raisins, et il a cru qu’il s’agit de figues, il devra (après une première annulation) recommencer à annuler ce vœu, lorsqu’il connaît la vérité.",
+ "Si la femme a dit: “je m’interdis par vœu de goûter à ces figues et à ces raisins”, puis le mari a confirmé le vœu touchant les figues, tout le vœu sera maintenu. S’il a annulé le vœu en ce qui concerne les figues, le vœu ne sera entièrement annulé que lorsque l’annulation sera relative aussi aux raisins. Si elle dit: “Je m’interdis par vœu de goûter aux figues, et de goûter aux raisins”, ce sont là deux vœux distincts.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dit: “je sais que l’on peut prononcer des vœux, mais je ne sais pas qu’on peut les annuler”, il peut les annuler (dès qu’il sait en avoir la faculté). S’il dit: “je sais que l’on peut annuler des vœux (de femme), mais j’ignore si c’est un vœu régulier (tel que ma femme l’a énoncé)”, selon R. Meir, le mari ne pourra pas l’annuler; les autres sages l’y autorisent.",
+ "Si quelqu’un a formulé l’interdit que son gendre tire aucune jouissance de lui, et pourtant il veut donner de l’argent à sa fille, il pourra ajouter: “Je te fais cadeau de cet argent, à condition que ton mari n’y ait aucun droit; tu le réserveras pour ton propre usage seulement”.",
+ "Quant au verset (Nb 30,10), le vœu d’une veuve ou d’une femme répudiée subsistera pour elle, il faut l’entendre ainsi: Si elle déclare vouloir être dans l’abstinence (Naziréat) au bout de trente jours après le mariage, bien qu’elle se soit mariée dans l’espace de ce mois préalable, le mari ne pourra plus annuler ce vœu fait d’avance. Mais si elle a formulé le vœu étant déjà en puissance de mari, celui-ci peut l’annuler. Voici, p. ex. comment ceci a lieu: Si elle déclare alors vouloir être dans l’abstinence au bout d’un mois, fut-elle devenue veuve ou répudiée avec ce temps, son vœu est tenu pour nul. Si le jour même où la femme à prononcé un vœu elle a été répudiée de son mari, puis reprise (après quoi seulement il connaît le vœu), il ne peut plus l’annuler. Voici la règle: lorsqu’elle est entrée en possession d’elle-même (devenue indépendante) une heure, le mari ne peut pas annuler un vœu énoncé à ce moment.",
+ "Les vœux de neuf jeunes filles restent valables: 1. La fille qui a atteint la seconde majorité et qui est orpheline (mariée et devenue veuve avant la seconde majorité); 2. La jeune fille qui a formulé un vœu, puis (étant veuve) a atteint la seconde majorité et est aussi considérée comme orpheline (indépendante); 3. La jeune fille non encore de seconde majorité, et qui (étant veuve) passe pour orpheline; 4. Une fille de seconde majorité dont le père meurt (orpheline réelle); 5. Une jeune fille atteignant sa seconde majorité après le vœu: puis son père meurt; 6. La fille qui n’a pas encore atteint la seconde majorité (lors du vœu) et dont le père était déjà mort; 7. Une fille orpheline (lors du vœu) qui atteint ensuite la seconde majorité; 8. Une fille de seconde majorité dont le père vit encore; 9. Une fille atteignant la seconde majorité après son vœu, et dont le père vit encore. R. Juda dit d’y ajouter encore la fille qui, mariée avant l’âge de puberté, et, devenue veuve ou répudiée, est rentrée chez son père, étant encore jeune fille.",
+ "Si la femme dit: “Je m’interdis toute jouissance de mon père et du tien, si je travaille sur ton ordre”, ou: “Je fais vœu de ne pas te profiter si je dois travailler pour mon père ou pour le tien”, le mari peut annuler ce vœu.",
+ "En principe on avait dit: Il y a trois sortes de femmes qui (malgré leur mari) peuvent rompre leur mariage et reprendre leur douaire, savoir: 1. La femme d’un cohen qui déclare à son mari être impure pour lui (ayant été violée); 2. Ou disant: “le ciel sait qu’entre moi et toi il n’y a pas d’union (par impuissance); 3. Ou celle qui dit être tout à fait retirée des Juifs (ayant fait vœu de ne subir le contact d’aucun Juif). Puis les sages ont renoncé à cette règle, afin qu’il n’arrive pas à une femme, qui aurait jeté les yeux sur quelqu’un, de rompre avec son mari. Aussi, celle qui dit être devenue impure devra le prouver. Si la femme argue du défaut d’union intime entre eux, on cherchera un moyen d’accord formel. Enfin, si elle dit être retirée de toute la nation juive, le mari pourra annuler ce vœu partiellement en ce qui le concerne, de sorte qu’elle puisse accomplir le devoir conjugal envers lui, tout en restant éloignée de tout autre Juif."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6e7c7a5da6b9e6b48471001977065c71befe87b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Alle Umschreibungen der Gelübdeformeln sind gleich den Gelübdeformeln selbst, die der Bannformeln den Bannformeln selbst, die der Eidformeln den Eidformeln selbst und die der Nasiratformeln den Nasiratformeln selbst. Wenn einer zum andren sagt: „es sei mir durch Gelübde verboten, (oder) ich will von Dir abgesondert sein, (oder) ich will von Dir entfernt sein, dass ich nichts von dem Deinigen essen werde, (oder) dass ich nichts von dem Deinigen kosten werde,“ so ist es ihm verboten. [Wenn einer zum andren sagt:] „ich will von Dir verstossen sein,“ so zögerte R. Akiba hierbei in erschwerendem Sinne zu entscheiden. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „wie die Gelübde der Frevler…,“ so ist er durch Gelübde verpflichtet hin- sichtlich des Nasirats, des Opfers und des Eides. [Wenn er aber sagt:] „wie die Gelübde der Frommen…,“ so hat er damit nichts gesagt. [Sagt er:] „wie ihre freiwilligen Gaben…,“ so ist er durch Gelübde verpflichtet hinsichtlich des Nasirats und des Opfers.",
+ "Wenn einer zum andren sagt: „Konam, Konach, Konas…“, so sind dies Umschreibungen für „Opfer“. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Cherek, Cherech, Chereph…“, so sind dies Umschreibungen für „Banngelöbnis“. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Nasik, Nasiach, Pasiach…“, so sind dies Umschreibungen für Nasiratformeln. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Schebuta, Schekuka“, oder wenn jemand mit [der Formel] „Mota“ gelobt, so sind dies Umschreibungen für „Eid“.",
+ "Wenn jemand sagt: „nicht profan soll sein, was ich von dem Deinigen essen werde, [oder] nicht tauglich, nicht erlaubt, rein [und] unrein, Übriggebliebenes [und] Verworfenes“, so ist es ihm verboten. [Sagt er:] „wie das Lamm, wie die Schuppen, wie das Holz, wie die Feueropfer, wie der Altar, wie der Tempel, wie Jerusalem…“, oder wenn er gelobt bei einem von den Werkzeugen des Altars, obgleich er [das Wort] „Opfer“ nicht erwähnt, so ist das ein Gelübde wie mit [dem Worte] „Opfer“. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn jemand sagt: „. . Jerusalem…“, so hat er damit nichts gesagt.",
+ "Wenn jemand sagt: „ein Ganzopfer, [oder] Speiseopfer, Sündopfer, Dankopfer, Friedensopfer sei, was ich von dem Deinigen essen sollte“, so ist es ihm verboten; R. Jehuda aber erlaubt es. [Wenn er sagt:] „das Opfer, [oder] wie Opfer, Opfer sei, was ich von dem Deinigen essen sollte“, so ist es ihm verboten. [Sagt er:] „zum Opfer, ich werde von dem Deinigen nicht essen“, so erklärt es ihm R. Meir für verboten. Wenn einer zum andren sagt: „Konam sei mein Mund, der mit Dir spricht, meine Hand, die mit Dir arbeitet, mein Fuss, der mit Dir geht“, so sind sie ihm verboten."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Folgende [Gelübde] sind erlaubt: [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Profan sei, was ich von dem Deinigen essen werde, [oder] wie Schweinefleisch, wie ein Götze, wie Tierfelle, die dem Herzen gegenüber aufgerissen sind, wie Aas, wie Zerrissenes, wie Geschmeiss, wie Gewürm, wie die Teighebe Arons oder wie seine Hebe,“ so ist es [ihm] erlaubt. Wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: „Du seist mir [verboten] wie meine Mutter“, so öffnet man ihm von andrer Seite einen Ausweg [zur Reue], damit er hierin nicht leichtsinnig sei. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich nicht schlafen, [oder] dass ich nicht sprechen, dass ich nicht gehen werde,“ [oder] wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: „Konam, dass ich Dir nicht beiwohnen werde,“ so tritt hier [das Gesetz] in Kraft: „Er darf sein Wort nicht entweihen“ (Num. 33, 3). [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Ich schwöre, dass ich nicht schlafen, [oder] dass ich nicht reden, dass ich nicht gehen werde“, so ist es [ihm] verboten.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] „Opfer! Ich werde von dem Deinigen nicht essen, [oder] Opfer, dass ich von dem Deinigen essen werde, [oder] nicht Opfer, ich werde von dem Deinigen nicht essen,“ so ist es [ihm] erlaubt. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „ein Schwur! Ich werde von dem Deinigen nicht essen, [oder] ein Schwur, wenn ich von dem Deinigen essen werde, [oder] kein Schwur, ich werde von dem Deinigen nicht essen,“ so ist es [ihm] verboten. Hierin sind die Schwüre strenger als die Gelübde. Aber Gelübde sind auch [zuweilen] strenger als Schwüre. In welchem Falle z. B.? Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam sei die Laubhütte, die ich machen werde, [oder] der Lulab, den ich nehmen werde, die Gebetriemen, die ich anlegen werde,“ so ist es ihm [wenn] in Form von Gelübden [ausgesprochen] verboten, [wenn aber] in Form von Schwüren [ausgesprochen] erlaubt, weil man nicht schwören kann, die Gebote zu übertreten.",
+ "Es giebt ein Gelübde in einem andren, aber nicht einen Schwur in einem andren. Wie ist das zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand sagt: „Ich will ein Nasir sein, wenn ich essen werde, ich will ein Nasir sein, wenn ich essen werde,“ und dann isst, so ist er durch jedes einzelne [Gelübde dazu] verpflichtet. [Wenn er aber sagt:] „Ich schwöre, dass ich von dem Deinigen nichts essen werde, ich schwöre, dass ich von dem Deinigen nichts essen werde,“ und dann isst, so ist er nur einmal schuldig.",
+ "Bei Gelübden ohne nähere Bestimmung ist in erschwerendem Sinne zu entscheiden, wenn sie aber genauer erklärt werden, in erleichterndem Sinne. Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand sagt: „Es sei mir [dieses Ding] wie gesalzenes Fleisch, wie Trankopfer-Wein,“ so ist es ihm, wenn er beim Geloben die Gott geweihten [Opfer] meinte, verboten, wenn er aber beim Geloben die dem Götzen geweihten [Opfer] meinte, erlaubt; wenn er es unentschieden liess, so ist es ihm verboten. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Es sei mir [dieses Ding] wie Banngut,“ so ist es ihm, wenn er Gott geweihtes Banngut meinte, verboten, wenn aber den Priestern geweihtes Banngut, erlaubt; wenn er es unentschieden liess, ist es ihm verboten. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Es sei mir [dieses Ding] wie Zehnt,“ so ist es ihm, wenn er beim Ge- loben den Zehnt vom Vieh meinte, verboten, wenn aber den von der Tenne, erlaubt; wenn er es unentschieden liess, ist es ihm verboten. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Es sei mir [dieses Ding] wie Hebe“, so ist es ihm, wenn er beim Geloben die Hebe der Tempelhalle meinte, verboten, wenn aber die der Tenne, erlaubt; wenn er es unentschieden liess, ist es ihm verboten. Dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn man „Hebe“ schlechthin sagt, so ist es, falls es in Judäa geschieht, verboten, falls in Galiläa, erlaubt, denn die Bewohner Galiläas kennen die Hebe der Tempelhalle nicht. Wenn jemand den Ausdruck „Banngut“ schlechthin [bei einem Gelübde] gebraucht, so ist es, falls es in Judäa geschieht, erlaubt, falls in Galiläa, verboten, denn die Bewohner Galiläas kennen das den Priestern geweihte Banngut nicht.",
+ "Wenn jemand mit dem Ausdruck „Cherem“ ein Gelübde tut und dann erklärt: „ich habe nur bei dem „Netze“ des Meeres gelobt,“ oder wenn jemand mit dem Ausdruck „Korban“ ein Gelübde tut und dann erklärt: „ich habe nur bei den „Geschenken“ für Könige gelobt,“ oder wenn jemand sagt: „azmi sei ein Opfer,“ und dann erklärt: „ich habe nur bei dem „Knochen“ gelobt, den ich mir hingelegt, um bei ihm ein Gelübde zu tun,“ oder wenn jemand sagt: „Konam sei der Genuss, den ich von meiner Frau habe,“ und dann erklärt: „ich habe nur gelobt von meiner frühern Frau, von der ich geschieden bin, [keinen Genuss zu haben,]“: so braucht man wegen aller dieser [Gelübde] nicht [die Gelehrten] zu befragen; wenn sie sie aber befragen, so bestraft man sie und erschwert es ihnen. Dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: man öffnet ihnen von andrer Seite einen Ausweg [zur Reue] und belehrt sie, damit sie nicht leichtsinnig mit Gelübden umgehen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Vier Gelübde haben die Weisen für nichtig erklärt: Gelübde der Aneiferung, Gelübde der Übertreibung, Gelübde des Irrtums und Gelübde [die infolge] des höheren Zwanges [unerfüllbar geworden sind]. Was ist unter Gelübden der Aneiferung zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand einen Gegenstand verkauft und sagt: „Konam, dass ich dir vom [Preise eines] Sela nichts nachlasse,“ und der andre sagt: „Konam, dass ich dir zum [Betrage eines] Schekel nichts zulege,“ so waren beide mit drei Denaren einverstanden. Rabbi Elieser, Sohn Ja- kobs, sagt: auch wenn einer den andren durch Gelübde zwingt, bei ihm zu speisen. Man kann erklären: „jedes Gelübde, das ich tun werde, soll ungültig sein,“ nur muss man dessen im Momente des Gelobens eingedenk sein.",
+ "Was sind Gelübde der Übertreibung? Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam, wenn ich auf diesem Wege nicht soviele Menschen gesehen habe, wie einst aus Ägypten gezogen sind, [oder] wenn ich nicht eine Schlange gesehen habe, die dem Balken der Ölpresse glich.“ [Was sind] Gelübde des Irrtums? [Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam ] wenn ich gegessen habe“, oder wenn ich getrunken habe und sich dann erinnert, dass er gegessen oder getrunken hat, [oder wenn er sagt: „Konam] dass ich nicht essen werde oder dass ich nicht trinken werde“, dann aber vergisst und isst oder trinkt; wenn jemand sagt: „Konam sei der Genuss, den ich von meiner Frau habe, weil sie meinen Beutel gestohlen, oder weil sie meinen Sohn geschlagen,“ und es sich ergiebt, dass sie ihn nicht geschlagen oder dass sie ihn nicht gestohlen. Wenn einer Andre [seine] Feigen essen sieht und sagt: „sie seien Euch [wie] Opfer [verboten],“ und es sich findet, dass es sein Vater und seine Brüder und mit diesen noch andre waren: so sagt Bet-Schammai: jenen ist es erlaubt und denen, die mit ihnen waren, verboten; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: es ist diesen und jenen erlaubt.",
+ "[Was sind] Gelübde [die infolge] des höheren Zwanges unerfüllbar geworden sind]? Wenn einer den andren durch Gelübde verpflichtet bei ihm zu speisen und dieser dann selbst erkrankt oder wenn dessen Sohn erkrankt oder ein Strom ihn hindert: so sind dies Gelübde [die infolge] des höheren Zwanges [unerfüllbar geworden sind].",
+ "Man darf Mördern, Räubern und Zöllnern durch Gelübde versichern, dass etwas Hebe ist, wenn es auch keine Hebe ist, dass es königliches Gut ist, wenn es auch kein königliches Gut ist. Bet-Schammai sagt: man darf in jeder Form solche Gelübde tun, nur nicht in der Form eines Schwures. Bet-Hillel aber sagt: auch in der Form eines Schwures. Bet-Schammai sagt: man darf ihm nicht mit solchen Gelübden den Anfang machen; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: man darf ihm damit auch den Anfang machen. Bet-Schammai sagt: … nur das, was jener ihn zu geloben zwingt…; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: auch das, was jener ihn nicht zu geloben zwingt. Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jene zu ihm sagen: sprich: „Konam sei mir der Genuss, den ich von meiner Frau haben werde …“, er aber sagt: „Konam sei mir der Genuss, den ich von meiner Frau und meinen Kindern haben werde“, so sagt Bet-Schammai: der Genuss seiner Frau ist ihm erlaubt, der seiner Kinder jedoch verboten; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: der Genuss beider ist ihm erlaubt.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] „Diese Pflanzen sollen Opfer sein, wenn sie nicht zerbrechen werden“, [oder] „dieses Gewand soll Opfer sein, wenn es nicht verbrennen wird“, so kann dabei eine Auslösung stattfinden. [Wenn er aber sagt:] „diese Pflanzen sollen Opfer sein, bis sie zerbrechen“, [oder] „dieses Gewand soll Opfer sein, bis es verbrennt“, so findet dabei keine Auslösung statt.",
+ "Wenn sich jemand den Genuss von den Seefahrenden durch Gelübde versagt, so ist ihm der von den Bewohnern des Festlandes erlaubt; wenn sich aber jemand den Genuss von den Bewohnern des Festlandes durch Gelübde versagt, so ist ihm [auch] der von den Seefahrenden verboten, denn die Seefahrenden gehören auch zu den Bewohnern des Festlandes; [man versteht jedoch unter den Seefahrenden] nicht [nur] solche, die von Akko nach Jaffa fahren, sondern [auch] solche, die weit hinauszufahren pflegen.",
+ "Wenn sich jemand den Genuss von denen durch Gelübde versagt, „die die Sonne sehen“, so darf er auch von den Blinden keinen Genuss haben, weil er nur die meinte, die die Sonne sieht.",
+ "Wer sich den Genuss von den Schwarzköpfigen durch Gelübde versagt, darf auch von den Kahlköpfigen und den Grauhaarigen keinen Genuss haben, wohl aber von den Frauen und Kindern, denn als Schwarzköpfige werden nur Männer bezeichnet.",
+ "Wer sich den Genuss von den Geborenen durch Gelübde versagt, darf von denen einen Genuss haben, die erst später geboren werden; wer sich aber den Genuss von denen durch Gelübde versagt, die geboren werden, darf [auch] von den Geborenen keinen Genuss haben. R. Meir erlaubt ihm auch den Genuss von den Geborenen. Die Weisen aber sagen: er hat nur solche gemeint, die [lebendige Junge] gebären.",
+ "Wer sich den Genuss von denen, die den Sabbat feiern, durch Gelübde versagt, darf weder von den Israeliten noch von den Samaritanern einen Genuss haben; [wer sich den Genuss] von den „Knoblauch-Essenden“ [durch Gelübde versagt], darf weder von den Israeliten noch von den Samaritanern einen Genuss haben; [wer sich den Genuss von denen durch Gelübde versagt,] die nach Jerusalem hinaufziehen, darf keinen Genuss haben von den Israeliten, wohl aber von den Samaritanern.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] Konam, dass ich keinen Genuss von den Nachkommen Noas haben werde, so darf er wohl von den Israeliten, nicht aber von den andren Völkern einen Genuss haben. [Sagt er: Konam,] dass ich von den Nach- kommen Abrahams keinen Genuss haben werde, so ist ihm der Genuss von den Israeliten verboten, aber der von den andren Völkern erlaubt. [Sagt er: Konam,] dass ich von Israel keinen Genuss haben werde, so muss er über den Wert kaufen und unter dem Wort verkaufen. [Sagt er: Konam,] dass die Israeliten von mir keinen Genuss haben werden, so muss er unter dem Wert kaufen und über den Wert verkaufen, wenn die andren auf ihn hören. [Sagt er: Konam,] dass weder ich von ihnen noch sie von mir einen Genuss haben werden, so darf er von den andren Völkern einen Genuss haben. [Sagt er:] Konam, dass ich von den Unbeschnittenen keinen Genuss haben werde, so darf er wohl von unbeschnittenen Israeliten einen Genuss haben, aber nicht von den Beschnittenen der andren Völker. [Sagt er:] Konam, dass ich von den Beschnittenen keinen Genuss haben werde, so darf er keinen Genuss haben von den unbeschnittenen Israeliten, wohl aber von den Beschnittenen der andren Völker der Welt, denn [der Ausdruck] „unbeschnitten“ wird nur von diesen gebraucht, denn es heisst (Jer. 9, 25): „denn alle Völker sind unbeschnitten, das ganze Haus Israel aber ist unbeschnittenen Herzens“; es heisst ferner (I. Sam. 17, 36): „dieser unbeschnittene Philister da;“ es heisst ferner (II. Sam. 1, 20): „dass sich nicht freuen die Töchter der Philister, dass nicht frohlocken die Töchter der Unbeschnittenen“. R. Elasar, Sohn des Asarja, sagt: Hässlich ist das Unbeschnittensein, denn die Frevler werden damit beschimpft, denn es heisst (l. c.): denn alle Völker sind unbeschnitten. R. Ismael sagt: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn dreizehn mal wird dabei des Bundesschlusses gedacht. R. Jose sagt: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn sie verdrängt selbst den strengen Sabbat. R. Josua, Sohn des Korcha, sagt: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn ihretwegen wurde dem frommen Moses nicht eine Stunde Aufschub gewährt. R. Nehemia sagt: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn sie verdrängt selbst [das Gesetz über] die Aussatzschäden. Rabbi sagt: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn obgleich unser Vater Abraham alle Gebote [Gottes] erfüllte, wurde er doch erst „vollkommen“ genannt, nachdem er sich beschnitten hatte, denn es heisst (Gen. 17, 1): „wandle vor mir und sei vollkommen!“ Eine andre Erklärung [lautet]: Wichtig ist die Beschneidung, denn wenn sie nicht wäre, hätte der Heilige, gelobt sei er, seine Welt nicht geschaffen, denn es heisst (Jer. 33, 25): „Also spricht der Ewige: wenn nicht mein Bund Tag und Nacht wäre, hätte ich die Gesetze des Himmels und der Erde nicht gemacht.“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Zwischen demjenigen, dem der Genuss von seinem Nächsten durch Gelübde versagt ist, und demjenigen, dem [nur] dessen Speise versagt ist, besteht kein andrer Unterschied als der bezüglich des Durchgangsrechts und der [Benutzung der] Geräte, in denen man keine Lebensmittel zu bereitet. Wenn einem die Speise des andren durch Gelübde versagt ist, so darf ihm dieser keine Schwinge, kein Sieb, keine Mühle und keinen Ofen leihen, wohl aber darf er ihm ein Hemd, einen Ring, ein Gewand und Nasenringe leihen sowie Alles, was man nicht zur Zubereitung von Lebensmitteln braucht; an einem Orte jedoch, wo man solches vermietet, ist [auch] dies verboten.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren durch Gelübde verboten ist, so darf dieser [gleichwohl] für ihn den Schekel entrichten, dessen Schuld bezahlen und dessen verlorenes Gut ihm zurückgeben; an einem Orte, wo man dafür Lohn empfängt, fällt der Nutzen an das Heiligtum.",
+ "Er darf auch für ihn mit dessen Zustimmung die Hebe und den Zehnt abscheiden, für ihn die Vogelopfer der flussleidenden Männer, die der Frauen und die der Gebärenden sowie Sünd- und Schuldopfer darbringen; er darf ihn in Midrasch. Halachot und Hagadot unterrichten; er darf ihn jedoch nicht in der Schrift unterrichten, wohl aber darf er dessen Söhne [und dessen Töchter ] in der Schrift unterrichten. Er darf auch dessen Frau und dessen Kinder ernähren, obgleich jener selbst zu ihrem Unterhalt verpflichtet ist. Er darf weder dessen unreines noch dessen reines Vieh füttern; R. Elieser sagt: er darf wohl das unreine, aber nicht das reine Vieh füttern. Da sagten sie (die Weisen) zu ihm: Was macht hier den Unterschied zwischen unreinem und reinem [Vieh]? Darauf antwortete er ihnen: bei dem reinen gehört das Leben dem Himmel, der Leib aber ihm (dem Eigentümer), bei dem unreinen aber gehören Leben und Leib dem Himmel. Da sagten jene zu ihm: auch bei dem unreinen gehört das Leben dem Himmel, der Leib aber ihm selbst, denn wenn er will, kann er es den Heiden verkaufen oder den Hunden zu fressen geben.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren durch Gelübde verboten ist, und er kommt, um ihn zu besuchen, so darf er [bei ihm] stehen, aber nicht sitzen; er darf dessen Person heilen, aber nicht das, was zu seinem Gute gehört; er darf mit ihm in einer grossen Wanne baden, aber nicht in einer kleinen; er darf mit ihm in einem Bette schlafen. R. Jehuda sagt: im Sommer wohl, aber nicht in der Regenzeit, weil er ihm einen Genuss verschafft. Er darf mit ihm zusammen auf demselben Ruhebett sitzen und mit ihm am selben Tische speisen, aber nicht aus der [gleichen] Schüssel, wohl aber darf er [mit ihm] aus der Schüssel essen, die herumgereicht wird. Er darf nicht mit ihm zusammen aus der grossen Schüssel essen, wie sie den Arbeitern vorgesetzt wird; er darf auch nicht mit ihm in einer Reihe arbeiten; dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: er darf in einiger Entfernung von ihm arbeiten.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren vor dem „siebenten“ [Jahre] durch Gelübde verboten ist, so darf er nicht auf dessen Feld gehen und nicht von dessen hinausragenden [Früchten] essen; wenn es aber im siebenten Jahre geschieht, so darf er zwar nicht auf dessen Feld gehen, wohl aber von dessen hinausragenden [Früchten] essen. Wenn er ihm [nur] die Speise vor dem siebenten Jahre durch Gelübde versagt, so darf er auf dessen Feld gehen, aber nicht von dessen Früchten essen; wenn es jedoch im siebenten Jahre geschah, so darf er darauf gehen und [davon] essen.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren durch Gelübde verboten ist, so darf er ihm nichts verleihen und nichts von ihm entleihen, ihm kein Darlehen gewähren und kein Darlehen von ihm nehmen, ihm nichts verkaufen und nichts von ihm kaufen. Wenn einer zum andren sagt: leihe mir deine Kuh, der andre erwidert: sie ist nicht frei, und jener dann sagt: Konam, dass ich mein Feld mit ihr nie pflügen werde, so ist es, wenn er gewöhnt war selbst zu pflügen, ihm verboten, jedem andren aber erlaubt; wenn er jedoch nicht gewöhnt war zu pflügen, so ist es ihm wie jedem andren verboten.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren durch Gelübde verboten ist und er nichts zu essen hat, so kann der andre zum Krämer gehen und sagen: dem N. N. ist der Genuss von mir durch Gelübde verboten, und ich weiss nicht, was ich tun soll; dann darf er (der Krämer) jenem [Speise] geben und von dem andren bezahlt nehmen. War sein Haus zu bauen, seine Mauer aufzurichten oder sein Feld zu ernten, so kann der andre zu den Arbeitern gehen und sagen: dem N. N. ist der Genuss von mir durch Gelübde verboten, und ich weiss nicht, was ich tun soll; dann dürfen sie bei jenem arbeiten und von dem andren den Lohn annehmen.",
+ "Sind sie zusammen unterwegs und jener hat nichts zu essen, so darf dieser [etwas] einem dritten als Geschenk geben, und dies ist dann jenem [zum Genusse] erlaubt. Ist kein dritter bei ihnen, so kann er es auf einen Stein oder einer Mauer legen und sagen: die Dinge seien jedem, der sie wünscht, preisgegeben; alsdann darf jener sie nehmen und essen. R. Jose aber verbietet es."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn [zwei] Teilhaber sich gegenseitig jeden Genuss von einander durch Gelübde verboten haben, so dürfen sie den [gemeinsamen] Hof nicht betreten. R. Elieser, Sohn Jacobs, sagt: ein jeder betritt den ihm gehörigen Teil; beiden ist es verboten, eine Mühle oder einen Ofen dort aufzustellen oder Hühner zu züchten. Ist nur dem einen von ihnen jeder Genuss vom andren verboten, so darf [nur] er den Hof nicht betreten. R. Elieser, Sohn Jacobs, sagt: er kann zum andren sagen: „ich betrete nur den mir gehörigen Teil, aber ich betrete nicht den dir gehörigen Teil;“ man zwingt jedoch den, der das Verbot ausgesprochen hat, seinen Teil zu verkaufen.",
+ "Ist einem [Fremden] von der Strasse von einem dieser [Teilhaber] jeder Genuss verboten, so darf er den Hof nicht betreten. R. Elieser, Sohn Jacobs, sagt: er kann zu ihm sagen: „ich betrete den Teil deines Genossen, aber ich betrete nicht den dir gehörigen Teil.“",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren verboten ist und dieser ein Bad oder eine Kelter in der Stadt hat, die [von ihm] vermietet sind, so sind sie ihm, falls der andre noch ein Anrecht daran hat, [zur Benutzung] verboten, falls er aber kein Anrecht daran hat, erlaubt. Wenn einer zum andren sagt: Konam, dass ich dein Haus nicht betreten oder dass ich dein Feld nicht kaufen werde und dieser stirbt oder es an einen andren verkauft, so ist es ihm erlaubt. [Wenn er aber sagt:] Konam, dass ich dieses Haus nicht betreten oder dass ich dieses Feld nicht kaufen werde und dieser stirbt oder es an einen andren verkauft, so ist es ihm verboten.",
+ "[Wenn einer zum andren sagt:] „Ich will dir Banngut sein“, so ist dem, den das Verbot trifft, der Genuss von jenem versagt. [Wenn er sagt:] „du seiest mir Banngut“, so ist dem, der das Verbot ausgesprochen, der Genuss vom andren versagt. [Wenn er sagt:] „Ich sei dir und du seiest mir [Banngut]“, so dürfen sie beide keinen Genuss von einander haben; beide dürfen jedoch die Dinge benutzen, die den aus Babylon Hinaufziehenden gehören, aber nicht die Dinge, die [den Einwohnern] ihrer Stadt gehören.",
+ "Welches sind die Dinge, die den aus Babylon Hinaufziehenden gehören? Z. B. der Tempelberg, die Vorhöfe und der Brunnen (mitten) auf der Strasse. Welches sind die Dinge, die [den Einwohnern] der Stadt gehören? Z. B. die Strasse, das Bad, die Synagoge, die Lade und die Bücher, man kann jedoch seinen Anteil [daran] dem Fürsten verschreiben. R. Jehuda sagt: es ist gleich, ob man ihn dem Fürsten oder einem Privatmann verschreibt. Was aber ist der Unterschied, ob man ihn dem Fürsten oder einem Privatmann verschreibt? Wer ihn dem Fürsten verschreibt, braucht ihn diesem nicht erst zuzueignen, wer ihn aber einem Privatmann verschreibt, muss ihn diesem erst zueignen; die Weisen aber sagen: sowohl diesem wie jenem muss man ihn erst zueignen, man hat vom Fürsten nur deshalb gesprochen, weil es [gewöhnlich] so geschieht. R. Jehuda sagt: die Bewohner Galiläas brauchen [ihren Anteil] nicht erst zu verschreiben, denn ihre Vorfahren haben [ihn] bereits für sie verschrieben.",
+ "Wenn einem der Genuss vom andren durch Gelübde verboten ist und jener nichts zu essen hat, so darf dieser einem andren [etwas] als Geschenk geben, und jener darf dieses dann geniessen. Es geschah einst, dass jemand in Bet-Choron, dessen Vater jeder Genuss von ihm verboten war, seinen Sohn verheiratete und zu seinem Nächsten sagte: der Hof und das Gastmahl seien Dir zum Geschenk gegeben, aber sie gehören Dir nur zu dem Zwecke, dass mein Vater komme und mit uns an dem Mahle teilnehme. Darauf sagte der andre zu ihm: „Wenn sie mir gehören, so sollen sie dem Himmel geweiht sein!“ Jener aber erwiderte ihm: „Ich habe Dir das Meinige nicht gegeben, dass Du es dem Himmel weihest.“ Darauf entgegnete der andre: „Du hast mir [also] das Deinige nur deshalb gegeben, damit Du mit Deinem Vater zusammen speisen und Ihr Euch mit einander versöhnen könnt und die Sünde auf seinem Haupte ruhe!“ Als dann die Sache vor die Weisen kam, sagten sie: ein Geschenk, das nicht derart ist, dass es, wenn man es heiligen wollte, auch heilig wäre, gilt nicht als Geschenk."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wer sich Gekochtes durch Gelübde verbietet, dem ist Gebratenes und Gesottenes erlaubt. Sagt jemand: „Konam, dass ich gekochtes Gericht nicht essen werde“, so ist ihm das, was in einem Topfe weich zubereitet wird, verboten, was aber dick hergestellt wird, erlaubt; auch ist ihm ein schlürfbares Ei und ein in heisser Asche zubereiteter Kürbis erlaubt.",
+ "Wer sich das, was im Topf zubereitet wird, durch Gelübde versagt, dem ist nur das verboten, was darin gesotten wird. Sagt er: „Konam, dass ich nicht versuchen werde, was in den Topf kommt“, so ist ihm alles verboten, was im Topf gekocht wird.",
+ "[Wenn sich jemand durch Gelübde] „das Eingelegte“ [versagt], so ist ihm nur das Eingelegte von Kraut verboten; [wenn er aber sagt: Konam] „dass ich Eingelegtes nicht kosten werde“, so ist ihm alles Eingelegte verboten. [Wenn sich jemand] „das Gesottene“ [versagt], so ist ihm nur gesottenes Fleisch verboten; [sagt er aber: Konam,] „dass ich Gesottenes nicht kosten werde“, so ist ihm alles Gesottene verboten. [Wenn sich jemand] „das Gebratene“ [versagt], so ist ihm nur gebratenes Fleisch verboten; dies sind die Worte des R. Jehuda. [Sagt er aber: Konam,] „dass ich Gebratenes nicht kosten werde“, so ist ihm alles Gebratene verboten. [Wenn sich jemand] „das Gesalzene“ [versagt], so ist ihm nur gesalzener Fisch verboten; [sagt er aber: Konam,] „dass ich Gesalzenes nicht kosten werde“, so ist ihm alles Gesalzene verboten.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt: Konam,] „dass ich Fisch, Fische nicht kosten werde“, so sind ihm sowohl grosse als kleine, gesalzene wie ungesalzene, rohe wie gekochte verboten; kleingehackte Triss und Fischlake sind ihm jedoch erlaubt. Wer sich das aus kleinen Fischen bereitete Gericht versagt, dem ist zerlegte Triss verboten, Fischlake aber und Salzlake erlaubt. Wer sich zerlegte Triss versagt, dem sind Fischlake und Salzlake verboten (a. L.: erlaubt).",
+ "Wer sich Milch versagt, dem ist Molke erlaubt, R. Jose aber verbietet sie ihm, [Wer sich] Molke [versagt], dem ist Milch erlaubt. Abba Saul sagt: wer sich Käse versagt, dem ist er gesalzen wie ungesalzen verboten.",
+ "Wer sich Fleisch versagt, dem ist die Brühe und der Bodensatz erlaubt; R. Jehuda aber verbietet sie ihm. Es sagte R. Jehuda: einst hat mir R. Tarphon die Eier, die darin mitgekocht waren, verboten. Darauf sagten sie zu ihm: so war es auch, aber nur wann? Wenn er sagt: dieses Fleisch sei mir [verboten], denn wenn sich jemand etwas versagt und dieses mit einer andren Sache vermischt wird, so ist ihm diese verboten, sobald darin soviel von jenem enthalten ist, dass es ihr einem Geschmack mitteilt.",
+ "Wer sich Wein versagt, dem ist ein Gericht, in dem ein Weingeschmack ist, erlaubt. Wenn jemand sagt: Konam, „dass ich diesen Wein nicht kosten werde“, und dieser in ein Gericht fällt, so ist es ihm verboten, sobald es von jenem einen Geschmack erhalten hat. Wer sich Weintrauben versagt, dem ist Wein erlaubt, [wer sich] Oliven [versagt], dem ist Oel erlaubt. Sagt er: „Konam, dass ich diese Oliven oder diese Trauben nicht kosten werde“, so sind ihm diese wie das, was daraus hervorgeht, verboten.",
+ "Wer sich Datteln versagt, dem ist Dattelhonig erlaubt. [Wer sich] Spättrauben [versagt], dem ist Spättrauben-Essig erlaubt. R. Jehuda, Sohn Betheras, sagt: wenn etwas nach seinem Ursprunge benannt wird und sich jemand es versagt, so ist ihm auch das, was daraus hervorgeht, verboten; die Weisen aber erlauben es.",
+ "Wer sich Wein versagt, dem ist Apfelwein erlaubt; [wer sich] Oel [versagt], dem ist Sesam-Oel erlaubt; [wer sich] Honig [versagt], dem ist Dattelhonig erlaubt; [wer sich] Essig [versagt], dem ist Spättrauben-Essig erlaubt; [wer sich] Lauch [versagt], dem ist [syrischer] Kopflauch erlaubt; [wer sich] Kraut [versagt], dem sind Feldkräuter erlaubt, weil dies ein zusammengesetzter Name ist.",
+ "[Wer sich] Kohl [versagt], dem ist [auch] Kohlkeim verboten; [wer sich] Kohlkeim [versagt], dem ist Kohl erlaubt. [Wer sich] Graupen [versagt], dem ist [auch] der Brei [davon] verboten; R. Jose aber erlaubt ihn. [Wer sich] Brei [versagt], dem sind Graupen erlaubt; [wer sich] Brei [versagt], dem ist Knoblauch verboten; R. Jose aber erlaubt ihn. [Wer sich] Knoblauch [versagt], dem ist Brei erlaubt. [Wer sich] Linsen [versagt], dem sind [auch] Linsenkuchen verboten; R. Jose aber erlaubt sie. [Wer sich] Linsenkuchen [versagt], dem sind Linsen erlaubt. [Wenn jemand sagt: Konam,] „dass ich Weizen, Weizenkörner nicht kosten werde“, so ist ihm sowohl das Mehl als das Brot daraus verboten. [Wenn jemand sagt: Konam,] „dass ich Graupe, Graupenkörner nicht kosten werde“, so sind sie ihm sowohl roh als gekocht verboten. R. Jehuda sagt: [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich Graupe oder Weizen nicht kosten werde“, so ist es ihm erlaubt, sie roh zu kauen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wer sich durch Gelübde Kraut versagt, dem sind Kürbisse erlaubt; R. Akiba aber verbietet sie ihm. Da sagten sie (die Weisen) zu ihm: geschieht es nicht, dass man zu seinem Boten sagt: „hole mir Kraut!“ und dieser erwidert: „ich habe nur Kürbisse gefunden!“ Darauf entgegnete er ihnen: dies ist richtig, aber würde er ihm vielleicht erwidern: „ich habe nur Hülsenfrüchte gefunden!“ Es werden vielmehr Kürbisse unter Kraut miteinbegriffen, Hülsenfrüchte aber werden nicht unter Kraut miteinbegriffen. Auch ist ihm frische ägyptische Bohne verboten, trockene aber erlaubt.",
+ "Wer sich Getreide versagt, dem ist trockene ägyptische Bohne verboten; dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: nur die fünf [Getreide-] Arten sind ihm verboten. R. Meir sagt: wer sich den [Feld-] Ertrag versagt, dem sind nur die fünf Arten verboten; wer sich aber Getreide versagt, dem ist alles [Ähnliche] verboten und nur Baumfrüchte und Kraut sind ihm erlaubt.",
+ "Wer sich Kleidung versagt, dem ist ein härenes Gewand, ein Tuch und ein Überwurf erlaubt. Wenn jemand sagt: Konam sei mir die Wolle, die auf meinen Leib kommt, so darf er sich mit geschorener Wolle bedecken. [Wenn jemand sagt: Konam sei mir] der Flachs, der auf meinen Leib kommt, so darf er sich mit Flachsbündeln bedecken. R. Jehuda sagt: alles richtet sich nach dem Gelobenden; wenn er beladen war, in Schweiss geriet und der Geruch ihm lästig war und [darum] sagt: Konam seien mir die Wolle und der Flachs, die auf mich kommen, so darf er sich damit bedecken, sie aber nicht über den Rücken herabhängen lassen.",
+ "Wer sich ein Haus versagt, dem ist der Söller erlaubt; dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: der Söller ist im Haus miteinbegriffen. Wer sich [nur] den Söller versagt, dem ist das Haus erlaubt.",
+ "Wer sich das Bett versagt, dem ist das Sofa erlaubt; dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sofa ist in Bett miteinbegriffen. Wer sich [nur] das Sofa versagt, dem ist das Bett erlaubt. Wer sich eine Stadt versagt, dem ist es erlaubt, den Bezirk dieser Stadt zu betreten, aber verboten, ihr Weichbild zu betreten; wer sich jedoch ein Haus versagt, dem ist es verboten, [es] von der Oberschwelle einwärts [zu betreten].",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] Konam seien mir diese Früchte, [oder] Konam seien sie für meinen Mund, (oder Konam seien sie meinem Munde), so ist ihm das verboten, was dafür eingetauscht wird oder was daraus hervorwächst. [Wenn er aber sagt: Konam], dass ich sie nicht essen oder dass ich sie nicht kosten werde, so ist ihm das erlaubt, was dafür eingetauscht wird oder daraus hervorwächst; [dies gilt aber nur] von Dingen, deren Samen zergeht; bei Dingen aber, deren Samen nicht zergeht, sind [ihm] auch die Erzeugnisse ihrer Erzeugnisse verboten.",
+ "Wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: Konam sei mir deiner Hände Arbeit, Konam sei sie für meinen Mund, Konam sei sie meinem Munde, so ist ihm das verboten, was dafür eingetauscht wird oder was daraus hervorwächst. [Wenn er aber sagt: Konam,] dass ich sie nicht essen oder dass ich sie nicht kosten werde, so ist ihm das erlaubt, was dafür eingetauscht wird oder daraus hervorwächst; [dies gilt aber nur] von Dingen, deren Samen zergeht, aber bei Dingen, deren Samen nicht zergeht, sind ihm auch die Erzeugnisse ihrer Erzeugnisse verboten.",
+ "[Wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: Konam,] dass ich das, was du bereitest, bis Pessach nicht geniessen werde, [oder] dass ich das, was du bereitest, bis Pessach nicht anziehen werde, so darf er das, was sie vor Pessach bereitet hat, nach Pessach geniessen oder anziehen. [Wenn er aber sagt: Konam,] dass ich das, was du bis Pessach bereitest, nicht essen werde, [oder] dass ich das, was du bis Pessach bereitest, nicht anziehen werde, so darf er das, was sie vor Pessach bereitet hat, [auch] nach Pessach nicht geniessen oder anziehen.",
+ "[Wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: Konam sei,] was du von mir vor Pessach geniessen solltest, wenn du vor dem Hüttenfest in das Haus deines Vaters gehst, so darf sie, wenn sie vor Pessach [dorthin] ging, bis Pessach von ihm keinen Genuss haben; [wenn sie] nach Pessach [dorthin ging], [so tritt das Verbot in Kraft:] „er darf sein Wort nicht entweihen.“ (Num. 30, 3). [Wenn er sagt: Konam sei,] was du bis zum Hüttenfest von mir geniessest, wenn du bis Pessach in das Haus deines Vaters gehst, so darf sie, wenn sie vor Pessach [dorthin] ging, bis zum Hüttenfest keinen Genuss von ihm haben, nach Pessach aber darf sie [dorthin] gehen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich an diesem Tage keinen Wein versuchen werde“, so ist es ihm nur verboten, bis es finster wird. [Sagt er: ] „diese Woche“, so ist es ihm während der ganzen Woche und am Sabbat, der zu dieser verflossenen Woche gehört, verboten. [Sagt er:] „diesen Monat“, so ist es ihm während des ganzen Monats verboten, der Neumond jedoch gehört zum kommenden [Monat]. [Sagt er:] „dieses Jahr“, so ist es ihm während des ganzen Jahres verboten, Neujahr aber gehört zum kommenden [Jahre]. [Sagt er:] „diese Jahrwoche,“ so ist es ihm während der ganzen Jahrwoche verboten sowie im siebenten Jahre, das zu dieser verflossenen [Jahrwoche] gehört. Wenn er aber sagt: „einen Tag, eine Woche, einen Monat, ein Jahr, eine Jahrwoche“, so ist es ihm bis zur Wiederkehr des [betreffenden] Zeitpunktes verboten.",
+ "[Sagt er:] „bis Pessach“, so ist es ihm verboten, bis dieses eintritt. [Sagt er:] „bis Pessach sein wird“, so ist es ihm verboten, bis dieses zu Ende geht. [Sagt er:] „bis zum Pessach“, so sagt R. Meir, es ist ihm verboten, bis dieses eintritt, R. Jose aber sagt, es ist ihm verboten, bis dieses zu Ende geht.",
+ "[Sagt er:] „bis zur Ernte, bis zur Weinlese, bis zur Olivenlese“, so ist es ihm nur verboten, bis diese eintritt. Dies [nämlich] ist die Regel: Wenn etwas eine bestimmte Dauer hat und jemand sagt: „bis es eintritt“, so ist es ihm nur verboten bis es eintritt; wenn er aber sagt: „bis es sein wird“, so ist es ihm verboten, bis es zu Ende geht; wenn aber etwas keine bestimmte Dauer hat, so ist es ihm, gleichviel ob er sagt: „bis es sein wird“, oder ob er sagt: „bis es eintritt“, nur verboten, bis es eintritt.",
+ "[Sagt er:] „bis zum Sommer“, [oder] „bis der Sommer sein wird“, [so ist es ihm verboten], bis das Volk anfängt, [die Früchte] in Körben heimzubringen. [Sagt er:] „bis der Sommer verflossen ist“, [so ist es ihm verboten], bis die Messer zusammengelegt werden. [Sagt er:] „bis zur Ernte“, [so ist es ihm verboten], bis das Volk anfängt zu ernten und zwar den Weizen, aber nicht die Gerste. Alles richtet sich [jedoch] nach dem Orte, an dem man das Gelübde getan; geschah es im Gebirge, so richtet es sich nach dem Gebirge, geschah es in der Ebene, so richtet es sich nach der Ebene.",
+ "[Sagt er:] „bis zur Regenzeit“, [oder] „bis die Regenzeit sein wird“, [so ist es ihm verboten,] bis der zweite Regen gefallen ist; R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, aber sagt: [nur] bis die Zeit des zweiten Regens eintritt. [Sagt er:] „bis die Regenzeit aufhört“, [so ist es ihm verboten,] bis der ganze Nissan zu Ende ist; dies sind die Worte des R. Meir. R. Jehuda aber sagt: bis Pessach vorüber ist. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich dieses Jahr keinen Wein kosten werde“, und das Jahr als Schaltjahr erklärt wird, so ist es ihm in diesem [ganzen Jahre] und im Schaltmonat verboten. [Sagt er:] „bis Anfang Adar“, [so ist es ihm verboten] bis zum Anfang des ersten [Monats] Adar. [Sagt er:] „bis Ende Adar“, [so ist es ihm verboten] bis zum Ende des ersten [Monats] A dar. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam, dass ich keinen Wein kosten werde, bis Pessach sein wird“, so ist es ihm nur bis zur Pessachnacht verboten, denn er meinte nur bis zu der Zeit, da die Menschen gewöhnlich Wein trinken.",
+ "Sagt er: „Konam, dass ich kein Fleisch kosten werde, bis der Fasttag sein wird“, so ist es ihm nur bis zum Abend vor dem Fasttage verboten, denn er meinte nur bis zu der Zeit, da die Menschen gewöhnlich Fleisch essen. Sein Sohn R. Jose sagt: Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam, dass ich keinen Knoblauch kosten werde, bis Sabbat sein wird“, so ist es ihm nur bis zur Nacht des Sabbat verboten, denn er meinte nur bis zu der Zeit, da die Menschen gewöhnlich Knoblauch essen.",
+ "Wenn einer zum andern sagt: „Konam, dass ich von dir keinen Genuss haben werde, wenn du nicht für deine Kinder ein Kor Weizen und zwei Fass Wein [von mir] annimmst“, so kann er sein Gelübde auch ohne Entscheidung eines Gelehrten lösen, indem der andere zu ihm sagt: „Hast du nicht nur meiner Ehre halber so gesprochen? Darin aber besteht meine Ehre“. Ebenso: wenn jemand sagt: „Konam sei, was du von mir geniessen solltest, wenn du nicht meinen Kindern ein Kor Weizen und zwei Fass Wein geben willst“, so sagt R. Meir: es ist ihm verboten, bis er [diese Dinge ihnen] giebt; die Weisen aber sagen: auch dieser kann sein Gelübde [selbst] ohne Entscheidung eines Weisen lösen, indem er nachher zu ihm sagt: „es sei so gut, als ob ich es schon bekommen hätte“. Wenn man in jemand dringt, die Tochter seiner Schwester zu heiraten und er sagt: „Konam, dass sie niemals einen Genuss von mir haben wird“, ebenso: wenn jemand sich von seiner Frau scheidet und sagt: „Konam, dass meine Frau niemals einen Genuss von mir haben wird“, so dürfen sie von ihm [gleichwohl] einen Genuss haben, denn er meinte es nur in Bezug auf die Ehe. Wenn einer in den andren dringt, dass er bei ihm speise und dieser sagt: „Konam, dass ich dein Haus nicht betrete“, [oder] „dass ich keinen Tropfen Kaltes bei dir koste“, so darf er [gleichwohl] sein Haus betreten und Kaltes bei ihm trinken, denn er meinte es nur in Bezug auf Essen und Trinken."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Elieser sagt: man darf jemand einen Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] die dem Vater oder der Mutter schuldige Ehrfurcht eröffnen; die Weisen aber verbieten es. Da sagte R. Zadok: anstatt dass man ihm den Weg durch [den Hinweis auf] die dem Vater oder der Mutter schuldige Ehrfurcht eröffnet, könnte man ihm ja den Weg durch [den Hinweis auf] die dem Ewigen schuldige Ehrfurcht eröffnen, dann wären es ja keine Gelübde! Die Weisen stimmen jedoch mit R. Elieser darin überein, dass man bei Dingen, die die Beziehungen zwischen ihm und seinem Vater oder seiner Mutter betreffen, ihm den Weg durch [den Hinweis auf] die dem Vater oder der Mutter schuldige Ehrfurcht eröffnen darf.",
+ "Ferner sagte R. Elieser: man darf jemand einen Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] solche Umstände eröffnen, die erst später eingetreten sind; die Weisen aber verbieten es. Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand sagt: „Konam, dass ich von N. N. keinen Nutzen haben werde“ und dieser nun ein Schriftgelehrter wird oder seinen Sohn bald darauf verheiratet und jener erklärt: „hätte ich gewusst, dass er ein Schriftgelehrter sein oder seinen Sohn so bald verheiraten würde, so hätte ich das Gelübde nicht getan“, [oder wenn er sagt:] „Konam, dass ich dieses Haus nicht betreten werde“ und es dann eine Synagoge wird und er erklärt: „hätte ich gewusst, dass es eine Synagoge werden würde, so hätte ich das Gelübde nicht getan“, so erlaubt es R. Elieser [ihm diesen Weg zu eröffnen], die Weisen aber verbieten es.",
+ "R. Meir sagt: es gibt Umstände, die eigentlich erst später eingetreten sind, aber dennoch nicht als solche gelten; und die Weisen stimmen darin mit ihm überein (a. L.: aber die Weisen stimmen darin nicht mit ihm überein). Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand sagt: „Konam, dass ich die N. N. nicht heirate, da ihr Vater schlecht ist“, und man ihm dann mitteilt: „er ist gestorben oder er hat Busse getan“, [oder wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich dieses Haus nicht betrete, da ein böser Hund darin ist oder eine Schlange darin ist“, und man ihm dann mitteilt: „der Hund ist tot oder die Schlange ist erschlagen“, so sind dies Umstände, die eigentlich erst später eingetreten sind, aber dennoch nicht als solche gelten; und die Weisen stimmen darin mit ihm überein (a. L.: die Weisen aber stimmen darin nicht mit ihm überein).",
+ "Ferner sagte R. Meir: man darf jemand einen Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] das eröffnen, was in der Thora geschrieben steht, und zu ihm sagen: „hättest du gewusst, dass du das Gesetz übertrittst: „du sollst dich nicht rächen“ (Lev. 19, 18) oder „du sollst nicht nachtragen“ (ibid.) oder „du sollst deinen Bruder nicht in deinem Herzen hassen“ (Lev. 19, 17) oder „du sollst deinen Nächsten lieben wie dich selbst“ (Lev. 19, 18) oder „dein Bruder soll neben dir zu leben haben“ (Lev. 25, 36), vielleicht verarmt er und du darfst ihn dann nicht ernähren“; wenn er dann erklärt: „hätte ich gewusst, dass dem so ist, so hätte ich das Gelübde nicht getan“, so ist es erlaubt [ihm das Gelübde zu lösen].",
+ "Man darf jemand einen Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] die Ketuba seiner Frau eröffnen. Einst versagte sich jemand den Genuss seiner Frau, deren Ketuba 400 Denar betrug; sie erschien dann vor R. Akiba und dieser verurteilte ihn, ihr die Ketuba auszuzahlen. Darauf sagte er: Rabbi, 800 Denar hat mein Vater hinterlassen, mein Bruder hat 400 und ich habe 400 erhalten, wäre es nicht genug, dass sie 200 erhält und ich 200? Da erwiderte ihm R. Akiba: Selbst wenn du die Haare auf deinem Kopfe verkaufen müsstest, so musst du ihr doch ihre Ketuba auszahlen. Darauf erklärte jener: „hätte ich gewusst, dass dem so ist, so hätte ich das Gelübde nicht getan“. Da erlaubte sie ihm R. Akiba.",
+ "Man darf jemand den Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] die Festtage und Sabbate eröffnen. Anfangs hat man gesagt: nur diese Tage sind ihm erlaubt, die andren Tage aber verboten, bis später R. Akiba lehrte, dass ein Gelübde, von dem ein Teil gelöst ist, als gänzlich gelöst gilt.",
+ "Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn [z. B.] jemand sagt: „Konam, dass ich von euch allen keinen Nutzen habe“, so darf er, sobald es ihm erlaubt ist, von einem von ihnen Nutzen zu haben, von allen Nutzen haben. [Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam,] dass ich von diesem und diesem [u. s. w.] keinen Nutzen habe“, so darf er, sobald es ihm erlaubt ist, von dem ersten einen Nutzen zu haben, von allen einen Nutzen haben; sobald es ihm aber erlaubt ist, von dem letzten einen Nutzen zu haben, ist es ihm nur von dem letzten erlaubt, von den andren aber bleibt es ihm verboten; ist es ihm erlaubt, von dem mittleren einen Nutzen zu haben, so darf er von den andren abwärts einen Nutzen haben, von den andren aufwärts aber bleibt es ihm verboten. [Wenn er sagt:] „Was ich von diesem geniessen sollte, sei Opfer, und was ich von jenem geniessen sollte, sei Opfer“, so muss er für jeden einzelnen einen Weg [zur Reue] haben.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] Konam,dass ich keinen Wein kosten werde, denn der Wein ist schädlich für den Leib“, und man ihm dann erklärt: „der alte Wein ist ja gut für den Leib“, so ist ihm alter Wein erlaubt, und nicht nur alter ist ihm erlaubt, sondern jeder Wein. [Wenn er sagt:] „Konam, dass ich Zwiebel nicht kosten werde, denn Zwiebel ist schädlich für das Herz“, und man ihm dann erklärt: „Kypros-Zwiebel ist ja gut für das Herz“, so ist ihm Kypros-Zwiebel erlaubt, und nicht nur Kypros-Zwiebel ist ihm erlaubt, sondern jede Zwiebel. Ein solcher Fall trug sich einst zu, und R. Meir erlaubte ihm alle Zwiebeln zu geniessen.",
+ "Man darf jemand den Weg [zur Reue] durch [den Hinweis auf] seine Ehre und die seines Kindes eröffnen; man sagt zu ihm: „wenn du gewusst hättest, dass man morgen von dir sagen würde: „das ist die Art des N. N., dass er sich von seinen Frauen scheidet“, und dass man von deinen Töchtern sagen würde: „dies sind Töchter einer Geschiedenen, warum mag wohl ihre Mutter geschieden sein?“ und wenn er dann erklärt: „hätte ich gewusst, dass dem so ist, so hätte ich das Gelübde nicht getan“, so ist es ihm erlaubt (die Frau zu behalten).",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass ich die hässliche N. N. nicht heirate“, sie aber in Wirklichkeit schön ist, [oder] „die schwarze“, sie aber weiss ist, [oder] „die kleine“, sie aber gross gewachsen ist, so darf er sie heiraten, nicht weil sie hässlich war und dann schön wurde, [oder] weil sie schwarz war und dann weiss wurde, [oder] weil sie klein war und dann gross wurde, sondern weil das Gelübde auf einem Irrtum beruhte. Einst hatte sich jemand durch Gelübde jeden Genuss von der Tochter seiner Schwester versagt; da brachte man sie in das Haus des R. Ismael und putzte sie dort aus. Darauf sagte R. Ismael zu ihm: „mein Sohn, hast du dir den Genuss dieser versagt?“ Jener erwiderte: „nein“; da erlaubte ihm R. Ismael sie zu heiraten. Bei dieser Gelegenheit weinte R. Ismael und sprach: „die Töchter Israels sind schön, nur die Armut entstellt sie!“ Als R. Ismael gestorben war, stimmten die israelitischen Töchter Klagelieder an und riefen aus: „Töchter Israels, weinet um R. Ismael!“ So heisst es auch bei Saul (II. Sam. 1, 24): „Töchter Israels, weinet um Saul!“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Bei einem verlobten Mädchen heben ihr Vater und ihr [zukünftiger] Gatte gemeinsam ihre Gelübde auf. Hebt sie der Vater auf, aber nicht der Gatte, hebt sie der Gatte auf, aber nicht der Vater, so sind sie nicht aufgehoben, und es braucht nicht erst gesagt zu werden, [dass dies auch gilt,] wenn sie einer von ihnen bestätigt hat.",
+ "Stirbt der Vater, so fällt dessen Recht nicht dein [künftigen] Gatten zu; stirbt der Gatte, so fällt das Recht dem Vater zu; in dieser Hinsicht hat der Vater ein Vorrecht vor dem Gatten. In einer anderen Hinsicht aber hat der Gatte ein Vorrecht vor dem Vater, dass nämlich der Gatte sie (ihre Gelübde) aufheben kann, wenn sie mannbar ist, der Vater aber sie nicht aufheben kann, wenn sie mannbar ist.",
+ "Wenn sie ein Gelübde getan, als sie verlobt war, am selben Tage geschieden wird und sich dann am selben Tage wieder verlobt [u. s. w.] und wäre es auch an hundert [Männer nach einander], so heben ihr Vater und ihr letzter Gatte ihre Gelübde [gemeinsam] auf. Dies nämlich ist die Regel: solange sie nicht eine Zeit lang in ihrer eigenen Gewalt gewesen ist, heben ihr Vater und ihr letzter Gatte [gemeinsam] ihre Gelübde auf.",
+ "Es ist Sitte bei den Gelehrten, dass er (der Vater), bevor seine Tochter aus seiner Gewalt scheidet, ihr erklärt: alle Gelübde, die du in meinem Hause getan, sollen aufgehoben sein. Ebenso erklärt ihr der Gatte, bevor sie in seine Gewalt übergeht: alle Gelübde, die du getan, bevor du in meine Gewalt gekommen bist, sollen aufgehoben sein, denn nachdem sie in seine Gewalt gekommen ist, kann er jene nicht mehr aufheben.",
+ "Wenn eine mannbare [Jungfrau] 12 Monate oder eine Witwe 30 Tage zugebracht hat, so sagt R. Elieser, dass ihr Gatte sie (ihre Gelübde) aufheben kann, da er auch verpflichtet ist ihr den Unterhalt zu gewähren. Die Weisen aber sagen: der Gatte kann sie nicht aufheben, solange sie nicht in seine Gewalt gekommen ist.",
+ "Bei einer auf die Leviratsehe wartenden Frau, mag sie nun einen oder zwei Schwäger haben, kann er (der Schwager), so sagt R. Elieser, sie (die Gelübde) aufheben; R. Josua sagt: wenn nur einer, aber nicht zwei vorhanden sind. R. Akiba sagt: weder wenn einer, noch wenn zwei vorhanden sind. Es sagte nämlich R. Elieser: wenn schon bei einer Frau, die er sich selbst erworben, er (der Mann) ihre Gelübde aufheben kann, sollte er da nicht bei einer Frau, die ihm vom Himmel zugeeignet ist, erst recht ihre Gelübde aufheben können! Da sagte R. Akiba zu ihm: nein; wenn du dieses sagst bei einer Frau, die er sich selbst erworben, über die aber andre keine Gewalt haben, willst du es etwa auch sagen bei einer Frau, die ihm zwar vom Himmel zugeeignet ist, über die jedoch auch andere Gewalt haben! Darauf wendete ihm R. Josua ein: Akiba, deine Worte sind zutreffend, wenn zwei Schwäger vorhanden sind; was aber erwiderst du, wenn nur ein Schwager vorhanden ist? Da antwortete er ihm: die Schwägerin ist nicht so vollständig dem Levir zu eigen, wie [sonst] die Verlobte ihrem [künftigen) Gatten.",
+ "Wenn jemand zu seiner Frau sagt: „alle Gelübde, die du von jetzt an tust, bis ich von dem Orte N. N. zurückkomme, sollen gültig sein,“ so hat er damit nichts gesagt. Erklärt er aber: „sie sollen aufgehoben sein,“ so sagt R. Elieser, dass sie aufgehoben sind; die Weisen aber sagen: sie sind nicht aufgehoben. Es sagte nämlich R. Elieser: wenn er Gelübde aufheben kann, die schon den Character eines Verbotes erlangt haben, sollte er da nicht Gelübde aufheben können, die den Character eines Verbotes noch nicht erlangt haben! Darauf entgegneten sie ihm: es heisst aber (Num. 30, 14): „ihr Mann kann es gelten lassen und ihr Mann kann es aufheben“, [das will sagen:] solche [Gelübde], die für gültig zu erklären möglich war, kann man aufheben, solche aber, die für gültig zu erklären nicht möglich war, kann man auch nicht aufheben.",
+ "Das Aufheben von Gelübden kann während des ganzen Tages geschehen. Es giebt hierbei eine Erleichterung und eine Erschwerung. Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn sie [z. B.] in der Nacht zum Sabbat ein Gelübde getan, so kann man es in der Nacht zum Sabbat und noch am Sabbattag, bevor Nacht ist, aufheben; wenn sie aber bei eintretender Dunkelheit ein Gelübde getan, so kann man es nur solange aufheben, als noch nicht Nacht ist, denn sobald Nacht ist und man es noch nicht aufgehoben hat, kann man es nicht mehr aufheben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Dies sind die Gelübde, die man aufheben kann: Dinge, die eine Verkümmerung des Lebens einschliessen; [wenn sie z. B. sagt:] „wenn ich bade“ oder „wenn ich nicht bade;“ „wenn ich mich schmücke“ oder wenn ich mich nicht schmücke“. Darauf sagte R. Jose: dies sind nicht Gelübde, die eine Verkümmerung des Lebens einschliessen.",
+ "Folgende sind [vielmehr] Gelübde, die eine Verkümmerung des Lebens einschliessen: Wenn sie sagt: „Konam seien mir die Früchte der Welt“, so kann er (der Mann) dies aufheben. [Wenn sie sagt:] „die Früchte dieser Gegend seien mir verboten“, so darf er ihr solche aus einer andren Gegend bringen. [Wenn sie sagt:] „Die Früchte dieses Kaufmannes seien mir verboten“, so kann er es nicht aufheben. Wenn er aber seinen Unterhalt nur von diesem erhalten konnte, so kann er es aufheben. Dies die Worte des R. Jose.",
+ "[Wenn sie sagt:] „Konam, dass ich von den Geschöpfen keinen Nutzen haben werde“, so kann er es nicht aufheben, sie darf aber von der Nachlese, von dem [auf dem Felde] Vergessenen und von der [Feld]-Ecke einen Nutzen haben. [Wenn jemand sagt:] „Konam, dass die Priester oder die Leviten von mir keinen Nutzen haben“, so dürfen sie auch gegen seinen Willen [das ihnen Gebührende] nehmen. [Wenn jemand sagt: „Konam,] dass diese Priester oder diese Leviten von mir keinen Nutzen haben“, so dürfen andre [das ihnen Gebührende von ihm] nehmen.",
+ "[Wenn sie sagt:] „Konam, dass ich nicht arbeite für meinen Vater oder für deinen Vater oder für meinen Bruder oder für deinen Bruder“, so kann er es nicht aufheben. [Wenn sie sagt: „Konam,] dass ich für dich nicht arbeite“, so braucht er es nicht erst aufzuheben. R. Akiba sagt: er muss es aufheben, vielleicht könnte sie ihm mehr leisten, als ihm zukommt. R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuris, sagt: er muss es aufheben, vielleicht lässt er sich von ihr scheiden und dann wäre es ihr verboten, zu ihm zurückzukehren.",
+ "Wenn seine Frau ein Gelübde getan und er glaubte, seine Tochter hätte das Gelübde getan, wenn seine Tochter ein Gelübde getan und er glaubte, seine Frau hätte das Gelübde getan, wenn sie ein Nasirat gelobt hat und er glaubte, sie hätte mit [dem Ausdruck] „Opfer“ ein Gelübde getan, wenn sie mit [dem Ausdruck] „Opfer“ ein Gelübde getan und er glaubte, sie hätte ein Nasirat gelobt, wenn sie sich durch Gelübde Feigen versagt hat und er glaubte, sie hätte sich Weintrauben versagt, wenn sie sich Weintrauben durch Gelübde versagt und er glaubte, sie hätte sich Feigen versagt, so muss er es noch einmal aufheben.",
+ "Wenn sie sagt: „Konam, dass ich diese Feigen und Weintrauben nicht koste“, und er es für die Feigen bestätigt, so ist das Ganze gültig; hat er es aber für die Feigen aufgehoben, so ist es nicht eher aufgehoben, als bis er es auch für die Weintrauben aufgehoben hat. Wenn sie sagt: „Konam, dass ich Feigen nicht koste und dass ich Weintrauben nicht koste“, so sind dies zwei Gelüdbe.",
+ "[Wenn jemand sagt:] „ich wusste wohl, dass man Gelübde tun kann, aber ich wusste nicht, dass man sie aufheben kann“, so kann er sie [gleichwohl] aufheben. Wenn jemand sagt: „ich wusste wohl, dass man [Gelübde] aufheben kann, aber ich wusste nicht, ob dies, [bestimmte] ein Gelübde war“, so sagt R. Meir: er kann es nicht aufheben; die Weisen aber sagen: er kann es auf- heben.",
+ "Wenn jemand seinem Schwiegersohn jeden Genuss [von seinem Vermögen] durch Gelübde versagt, seiner Tochter aber Geld geben will, so kann er zu ihr sagen: Dieses Geld sei dir zum Geschenk gegeben, aber nur unter der Bedingung, dass dein Gatte kein Recht daran hat, dass du es nur für deinen eigenen Unterhalt verwendest.",
+ "[Es heisst:] „Und das Gelübde einer Witwe oder einer Geschiedenen … soll für sie Bestand haben“ (Num. 30, 10); wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn sie [z. B.] sagt: „ich will nach 30 Tagen eine Nasiräerin sein“, so kann er (der Mann), wenn sie auch innerhalb der 30 Tage heiratet, es nicht aufheben. Wenn sie ein Gelübde getan, während sie noch in der Gewalt des Gatten war, so kann er es ihr aufheben. Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn sie [z. B.] sagt: „ich will nach 30 Tagen eine Nasiräerin sein“, so ist es, auch wenn sie innerhalb der 30 Tage Witwe oder geschieden wird, aufgehoben. Wenn sie an einem Tage ein Gelübde tut, am selben Tage geschieden wird und er sie am selben Tage wieder heiratet, so kann er es nicht aufheben, Dies ist [nämlich] die Regel: sobald sie eine Zeit lang in ihrer eigenen Gewalt war, kann er [ihre Gelübde] nicht aufheben.",
+ "Neun Mädchen gibt es, deren Gelübde gültig bleiben: 1) eine Mannbare, die als Waise gilt; 2) ein Mädchen, das mannbar ist (a. L.: mannbar wurde) und als Waise gilt; 3) ein Mädchen, das noch nicht mannbar ist und als Waise gilt; 4) eine Mannbare, deren Vater gestorben ist; 5) ein Mädchen, das mannbar ist und dessen Vater gestorben ist; 6) ein Mädchen, das noch nicht mannbar geworden und dessen Vater gestorben ist; 7) ein Mädchen, dessen Vater gestorben ist und das mannbar wurde, nachdem ihr Vater gestorben war; 8) eine Mannbare, deren Vater noch lebt; 9) ein Mädchen, das mannbar ist und dessen Vater noch lebt. R. Jehuda sagt: auch wenn jemand seine minderjährige Tochter verheiratet, diese dann Witwe oder geschieden wird und zu ihm zurückkehrt, gilt sie noch als Mädchen.",
+ "[Wenn sie sagt:] „Konam, dass ich von meinem Vater oder von deinem Vater keinen Genuss haben werde, wenn ich für deinen Unterhalt arbeite“, [oder] „dass ich von dir keinen Genuss haben werde, wenn ich für den Unterhalt meines Vaters oder deines Vaters arbeite“, so darf er es aufheben.",
+ "Früher hat man ge- sagt: drei Frauen werden geschieden und erhalten die Ketuba: wenn sie erklärt: „ich bin unrein für dich“, [oder] „der Himmel [weiss], was zwischen mir und dir [vorgeht]“, oder „ich will den Juden entzogen sein“. Dann aber haben sie (die Weisen), damit nicht eine Frau ein Auge auf einen andren [Mann] werfe und es mit ihrem Gatten verderbe, bestimmt: wenn sie erklärt: „ich bin unrein für dich“, so muss sie einen Beweis für ihre Behauptung erbringen; [wenn sie erklärt:] „der Himmel weiss, was zwischen mir und dir vorgeht“, so sucht man es auf dem Wege der Überredung beizulegen; [wenn sie erklärt:] „ich will den Juden entzogen sein“, so soll er (der Gatte) den ihn betreffenden Teil [des Gelübdes ] aufheben und sie mit ihm ehelich verkehren, allen andren Juden aber entzogen sein."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aec9074fdac5d8e2be7ea2bf89fac85effb21e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "All the substitutes for vows have the validity of vows. Those for haramim have the validity of haramim, And those for oaths have the validity of oaths, And those for nazirite [vows] have the validity of nazirite [vows]. If one says to his fellow, “I am forbidden from you by a vow”; “I am separated from you”; “I am distanced from you”, “that I should eat from yours”, “that I should taste from yours”, he is prohibited. If he says: “I am banned to you”, Rabbi Akiba was inclined to rule stringently. [If one says] “As the vows of the wicked”, he has vowed in respect of being a nazirite, or a sacrifice, or an oath. [If he says] “As the vows of the fit”, he has said nothing. [But if he said] “As their freewill-offerings” he has vowed in respect of being nazirite and a sacrifice.",
+ "One who says, “konam” “qonah” or “qonas”: these are the substitutes for korban. “Herek” “herech” or “heref,” these are substitutes for herem. “Nazik” “naziah” “paziah” these are substitutes for nazirite vows. “Shevuthah” “shekukah” or one who vows with the word “mota” these are substitutes for shevuah (an oath).",
+ "If one says “Not-unconsecrated food shall I not eat from you”, “Not fit”, or “Not pure”, “Clean” or “Unclean”, “Remnant” or “Piggul he is bound [by his vow]. [If one says, “May it be to me], as the lamb”, “As the Temple pens”, “As the wood [on the altar]”, “As the fire [on the altar]”, “As the altar”, “As the Temple” or “As Jerusalem”; [or] if one vowed by reference to the altar utensils, even though he did not mention “korban”, behold this one was vowed by a korban. Rabbi Judah said: He who says “Jerusalem” has said nothing.",
+ "If one says “A korban”, “A wholly burnt-offering”, “A meal-offering”, “A sin-offering”, “A thanksgiving-offering”, “A peace-offering, should be that which I eat from you” he is bound [by his vow]. Rabbi Judah permitted [him]. [If he says] “The korban”, “like a korban”, “korban”, should be that which I eat from you he is bound [by his vow]. If he says, “That which I shall not eat of yours should be a korban”, Rabbi Meir forbids [him]. If one says to his fellow, “Konam be my mouth which speaks with you”, “My hands which work for you” [or] “My feet which walk with you,’ he is forbidden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these [vows] are not binding: [One who says] “What I eat of yours shall be unconsecrated”; “As the flesh of the swine”; “As an object of idolatrous worship”; “As hides pierced at the heart”; “As carrion”; “As terefoth”; “As abominations”; “As creeping things”; “As Aaron’s dough”; “As his terumah”--[in all these cases the vow is] not binding. If one says to his wife, “Behold! You are like my mother to me”, he must be given an opening on other grounds, in order that he should not act lightly in such matters. [If one says,] “Konam if I sleep”; “If I speak”; or “If I walk”; or if one says to his wife, “Konam if I cohabit with you,” he is liable to [the biblical prohibition] “he shall not break his word” (Numbers 30:. [If he says,] “I swear] an oath not to sleep”, or, “talk,” or, “walk,” he is forbidden [to do so].",
+ "[If he says,] “A korban should be what I do not eat of yours”; “By a korban! If I eat of yours”; “What I do not eat of yours should not be a korban to me” the vow is not binding. [If he says], “An oath [that] I will not eat of yours”; “An oath that I eat of yours”; “No oath [that] I will not eat of yours” his oath is valid. In these instances oaths are more stringent than vows. There is [also] greater stringency in vows than in oaths. How so? If one says, “Konam be the sukkah that I make,”; “The lulav that I take”; “The tefillin that I put on”; as vows they are binding, but as oaths they are not, because one cannot swear to transgress the commandments.",
+ "There is a vow within a vow, but not an oath within an oath. How is this so? If one declares, “Behold, I will be a nazir if I eat [this thing]”; “Behold, I will be a nazir if I eat [this thing]” and then he eats [it], he is liable for each and every one. “I swear that I will not eat [this thing]”, “I swear that I will not eat [this thing]” and then he eats [it], he is only liable for one oath.",
+ "Unspecified vows are interpreted strictly, but if specified [they are interpreted] leniently. How so? If one says, “Behold! This is to me as salted meat”; or “As wine of libation” If he vowed by that which is to Heaven, his vow is valid. If by that which is idolatrous, his vow is invalid. And if it was unspecified, his vow is valid. [If he says], “Behold! This is to me as herem” If as a herem to Heaven, his vow is valid; If as a herem to the priests, his vow is invalid. If it was unspecified, his vow is valid. “Behold! This is to me as a tithe” If he vowed, as tithes of beasts, his vow is valid. If as grain tithes, his vow is invalid. If unspecified, his vow is valid. “Behold! This is to me as terumah” If he vowed, as the terumah of the Temple-chamber, his vow is valid. If as the terumah of the threshing-floor, his vow is invalid. If unspecified, his vow is valid. The words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: An unspecified reference to terumah in Judea is a valid vow, but not in Galilee, because the Galileans are unfamiliar with the terumah of the Temple-chamber. Unspecified references to haramim in Judea are not binding but in Galilee they are, because the Galileans are unfamiliar with priestly haramim.",
+ "If one vows by herem, and says, “I vowed only by a herem (a of the sea”; [If he says] “By a korban”, and then says, “I vowed only by korbanot (gifts) of kings”; [If he says] “Behold! I myself (atzmi) am a korban”, and then says, “I vowed only by the etzem (bone) which I keep for the purpose of vowing”; [If he says,] “Konam be any benefit my wife has from me”, and then says, “I spoke only of my first wife, whom I have divorced” Regarding none of these [vows] should they inquire [of a sage in order to break them], but if they inquire about them, they are punished and treated strictly, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: they are given an opening on other grounds, in order that they should not act lightly with vows."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Four types of vows the Sages have invalidated: Vows of incentive, vows of exaggeration, vows in error, and vows [broken] under pressure. Vows of incentive how so? If one was selling an article and said, “Konam that I will not reduce below a sela”; and the other replied, “Konam that I will not add above a shekel” both of them want [a price] of three denarii. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: Also one who wishes to subject his friend to a vow to eat with him, may say: “Every vow which I may make in the future shall be void”, providing that he remembers this at the time of the vow.",
+ "Vows of exaggeration: If one says, “Konam if I did not see on this road as many as departed from Egypt”; “If I did not see a snake [as thick as the] the beam of an olive press. Vows in error: [If one says, “Konam,] if I ate or drank”, and then remembered that he had; “If I eat or drink” and then forgot [his vow] and ate or drank; “Konam be any benefit which my wife has from me, because she stole my purse or beat my child, and it was subsequently learnt that she had not beaten him nor stolen”; If one saw people eating [his] figs and said to them, “Let the figs be a korban to you,” and then discovered the people to be his father or his brothers. If others were with them: Beth Shammai says: his father and brothers are permitted, but the rest are forbidden. Beth Hillel says: all are permitted.",
+ "Vows [broken] under pressure: if one subjected his neighbor to a vow to eat with him, and then he or his son fell sick, or a river prevented him [from coming] such is a vow [broken] under pressure.",
+ "One may vow to murderers, robbers, or tax collectors that it [the produce which they demand] is terumah, even if it is not; [or] that it belongs to the royal house, even if it does not. Beth Shammai says: one may make any form of vow, except an oath; But Beth Hillel says: even an oath. Beth Shammai says: he must not volunteer to vow; Beth Hillel says: he may do so. Beth Shammai says: [he may vow] only as far as he makes him vow; Beth Hillel says: even in respect of what he does not make him vow. How so? If they said to him, say: “Konam be any benefit my wife has of me”, and he said, “Konam be any benefit my wife and children have of me,” Beth Shammai says: his wife is permitted, but his children are forbidden; Beth Hillel says: both are permitted.",
+ "[If one says,] “Behold these saplings are a korban if they are not cut down”; or, “This garment is a korban if it is not burnt”, they can be redeemed. [If he says,] “Behold these saplings are a korban until they are cut down”; or, “This garment is a korban until it is burnt”, they cannot be redeemed.",
+ "He who vows [not to benefit] from seafarers, may benefit from land-dwellers; [But he who vows not to benefit] from land-dwellers, is forbidden [to benefit] even from seafarers, because seafarers are included in land-dwellers; not those who merely travel from Acco to Jaffa, but even those who sail away great distances [from land].",
+ "He who vows [not to benefit] from those who see the sun, is forbidden [to benefit] even from the blind, because he meant those whom the sun sees.",
+ "He who vows [not to benefit] from the black-haired may not [benefit] from the bald or the gray-haired, but may [benefit] from women and children, because only men are called black-haired.",
+ "One who vows [not to benefit] from those born may [benefit] from those to be born; from those to be born, he may not [benefit] from those born. Rabbi Meir permits [him to benefit] even from those to be born; But the Sages say: he meant all whose nature it is to be born.",
+ "He who vows [not to benefit] from those who rest on the Sabbath, is forbidden [to benefit] both from Israelites and Samaritans (Cutheans). If he vows [not to benefit] from garlic eaters, he may not benefit from Israelites and Samaritans (Cutheans). From those who go up to Jerusalem, he is forbidden [to benefit] from Israelites but from Samaritans (Cutheans) he is permitted.",
+ "[If one says,] “Konam that I do not benefit from the Children of Noah,” he may benefit from Israelites, and he is forbidden to benefit from the nations of the world. [If one says, “Konam] that I do not benefit from the seed of Abraham,” he is forbidden [to benefit] from Israelites, but permitted [to benefit] from the nations of the world. [If one says, “Konam] that I do not benefit from Israelites”, he may buy things from them for more [than their worth] and sell them for less. [If he says, “Konam] if Israelites benefit from me, he must buy from them for less and sell for more [than their worth], if they will listen to him. [If he says, “Konam] that I do not benefit from them, nor they from me”, he may benefit only from non-Jews. [If one says,] “Konam that I do not benefit from the uncircumcised”, he may benefit from uncircumcised Israelites but not from circumcised heathens”; [If one says, “Konam] that I do not benefit from the circumcised,” he is forbidden to benefit from uncircumcised Israelites but not from circumcised non-Jews, because “uncircumcised” is a term applicable only to non-Jews, as it says, “For all the nations are uncircumcised and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart” (Jeremiah 9:25). And it says, “And this uncircumcised Philistine shall be [as one of them]” (I Samuel 17:6). And it says, “Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised exult” (II Samuel 1:20). Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: The foreskin is loathsome, since it is a term of disgrace for the wicked, as it says, “For all the nations are uncircumcised”. Rabbi Ishmael says: Great is circumcision, since thirteen covenants were made upon it. Rabbi Yose says: Great is circumcision, for it overrides the Sabbath. Rabbi Joshua ben Karha says: Great is circumcision for Moses’s punishment for neglecting it was not suspended even for one hour. Rabbi Nehemiah says: Great is circumcision, since it overrides the laws of leprosy. Rabbi says: Great is circumcision, for despite all of the commandments which Abraham fulfilled he was not designated complete until he circumcised himself, as it says, “Walk before me, and be complete” (Genesis 17:1). Another explanation: “Great is circumcision, for were it not for it, the Holy One, Blessed Be He, would not have created the world, as it says, “Were it not for my covenant by day and night, I would not have appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth” (Jeremiah 33:25)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The only difference between one who is under a vow not to benefit at all from his neighbor, and one who is under a vow prohibiting food benefit, is in respect of walking [on his property] and [the use of] utensils not employed in the preparation of food. If a man is under a vow not to derive food benefit from his neighbor, he may not lend him a sifter, sieve, mill-stone or oven, but he may lend him a cloak, ring, garment, and earrings, and whatever is not employed in the preparation of food. In a place where things such as these are rented out, it is forbidden.",
+ "If one is under a vow not to benefit from his neighbor, [his neighbor] may pay his shekel, pay off his debts, and return a lost article to him. Where payment is taken for this, the benefit should become sacred property.",
+ "He may donate his terumah and his tithes with his consent. He may offer up for him the bird sacrifices of zavim and zavoth and the bird sacrifices of women after childbirth, sin-offerings and guilt-offerings. He may teach him midrash, halakhoth and aggadoth, but not Scripture, yet he may teach his sons and daughters Scripture And he may support his wife and children, even though he is liable for their maintenance. But he may not feed his beasts, whether clean or unclean. Rabbi Eliezer says: he may feed an unclean beast of his, but not a clean one. They said to him: what is the difference between an unclean and a clean beast? He replied to them, a clean beast, its life belongs to heaven, but its body is his own; but an unclean animal its body and life belongs to heaven. They said to him: The life of an unclean beast too belongs to heaven and the body is his own for if he wishes, he can sell it to a non-Jew or feed dogs with it.",
+ "If one is forbidden to benefit from his neighbor, and he pays him a visit [in sickness] he must stand, but not sit. He may afford him a cure of life, but not a cure of money. He may bathe together with him in a large bath, but not in a small one. He may sleep in a bed with him. Rabbi Judah said: in summer, but not in winter, because he thereby benefits him. He may [nevertheless] recline with him on a couch. [He may] eat at the same table with him but not out of the same bowl; but he may eat with him out of a bowl which returns. He may not eat with him out of the food trough put before laborers. He may not work with him on the same furrow, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: he may work at a distance from him.",
+ "He who is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor, [if the vow was imposed] before the seventh year, may not enter his field, nor eat produce that hangs over [from the other’s property]. If [the vow was imposed] in the seventh year, he may not enter his field, but may eat of the produce that hangs over [from the other’s property]. If he was forbidden [merely] in respect of food, [and the vow was imposed] before the seventh year, he may enter his field, but may not eat of its fruits. But [if it was imposed] in the seventh year, he may enter [his field] and eat [of its fruits].",
+ "He who is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor may not lend [objects] to him or borrow from him, lend [money] to him or receive from him a loan, sell to him or purchase from him. One says to another, “Lend me your cow.” [The other] says, “It is not available.” [The first one] says, “Konam, if I ever plow my field with it’. If he generally plowed himself, he is forbidden, but others are permitted. But if he did not generally plow himself, he and others are forbidden.",
+ "If one is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor, and he has nothing to eat, he [the neighbor] can go to the shopkeeper and say, “So-and-so is forbidden by vow to benefit from me, and I do not know what to do.” The shopkeeper may then provide for him, and come and receive payment from him [the neighbor]. If he had to build his house, or his fence to set up, or his field to harvest, he [the neighbor] may go to laborers, and say, “So-and-so is forbidden by vow to benefit from me, and I do not know what to do.’ They may then work for him and come and receive wages from him [the neighbor].",
+ "If they are walking together on the road, and he has nothing to eat, he can make a gift to a third person, and he is permitted [to eat] it. If there is no one else with them, he may put it on a stone or a wall and say, “This is free to whomever desires it”, and the other takes and eats it. Rabbi Yose prohibits this."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If joint owners [of a courtyard] made a vow not to benefit from one another, they may not enter the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: This one enters his own property and this one enters his own property. And both are forbidden to set up a mill-stone or an oven or raise chickens. If [only] one was forbidden by vow to benefit from the other, he may not enter the court. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: He can say to the other, “I am entering into my own, and I am not entering into yours.’ They force the one who vowed to sell his share [of the courtyard].",
+ "If a man from the street was forbidden by vow to benefit from one of them, he may not enter the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: He can say to him, “I am entering into your friend’s and not into yours.”",
+ "If one is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor, and he owns a bath-house or an olive press which is leased to someone in the town, and he has an interest in them, he is forbidden [to make use of them]; If [he does] not [have an interest in them], he is permitted. If a man says to his neighbor, “Konam, if I enter your house”, or “[Konam] if I purchase your field”, and then [the owner] dies or sells it to another, he is permitted [to enter or buy it]; [But if he says] “Konam, if I enter this house”, or “[Konam] if I purchase this field”, and [the owner] dies or sells it to another, he is forbidden.",
+ "[If a man says to his neighbor] “Behold, I am herem to you” the opposite party is forbidden [to derive benefit from the one who swore]. “Behold, you are herem to me” the one who swore is forbidden. “Behold, I am [herem] to you, and you are [herem] to me”, both are forbidden. Both are permitted [to enjoy the use of] those things which belong to those who came up from Babylonia [to Jerusalem], but are forbidden [the use of] things that belong to that town.",
+ "What are the things that belong to those that came up from Babylonia [to Jerusalem]? For example the Temple Mount and the Temple courtyards and the well in the middle of the road. What are the things that belong to that town? For example the public square, the bath-house, the synagogue, the ark, and the [sacred] scrolls. And he should assign his portion to the Patriarch. Rabbi Judah says: it is the same whether he assigns it to the Patriarch or to a private individual. But what is the difference between one who assigns it to the Patriarch and one who assigns it to a private individual? If he assigns it to the Patriarch, he need not [formally] confer title. But the Sages say: both this and this require formal conferring of title, they mentioned the Patriarch in particular as this is usual. Rabbi Judah said: The Galileans need not assign [their portion], because their ancestors have already done so for them.",
+ "If one is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor and has nothing to eat, he may give it [the food] to a third party, and he is permitted to use it. It happened to one in Beth Horon that his father was forbidden to benefit from him. Now he [the son] was giving his son in marriage and he said to his neighbor, “The courtyard and the banquet are give to you as a gift, but they are yours only that my father may come and feast with us at the banquet.” He said to him, “If they are mine, let them be dedicated to heaven!” [The son] responded, “But I did not give you my property to dedicate it to heaven.” [The other] responded, “You gave me yours so that you and your father might eat and drink together and become reconciled to one another, while the sin [of a broken vow] should devolve upon his (i.e. head.” When the matter came before the Sages, they ruled: every gift which is not [so given] that if he [the recipient] dedicates it, it is dedicated, is no gift [at all]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "He who vows [not to eat] what is “cooked [mebushal] is permitted what is roasted or seethed. If he says, “Konam if I taste any cooked dish [tabshil]” he is forbidden [to eat] food loosely cooked in a pot, but is permitted [to eat] food solidly-cooked. He may also eat a lightly boiled egg and gourds put in ashes.",
+ "He who vows abstinence from food prepared in a pot, is forbidden only from food boiled in a pot; But if he says, “Konam that I taste whatever goes down into a pot”, he is forbidden everything prepared in a pot.",
+ "[He who vows abstinence] from what is pickled is forbidden only pickled vegetables; [If he says, “Konam,] if I taste anything pickled”, he is forbidden all pickled. [He who vows abstinence] from what is seethed is forbidden only seethed meat; [If he says, “Konam,] if I taste anything seethed” he is forbidden every thing seethed. [He who vows abstinence] from what is roasted is forbidden only roasted meat, the words of Rabbi Judah. [If he says, “Konam,] if I taste anything roasted” he is forbidden anything roasted. [He who vows abstinence] from what is salted is forbidden only salted fish; [If he says, “Konam,] if I taste anything salted” he is forbidden anything salted.",
+ "‘[Konam,] if I taste fish or fishes,” he is forbidden [to eat] them, whether large or small, salted or unsalted, raw or cooked. But he may eat chopped terith and brine. He who vows [abstinence] from zahanah is forbidden chopped terith, but may eat brine and pickled fish brine. He who vows [abstinence] from chopped terith may not eat of brine and pickled fish brine.",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from milk is permitted to eat curds. But Rabbi Yose forbids it. [He who vows abstinence] “from curds,” is permitted milk. Abba Shaul says: he who vows abstinence from cheese, is prohibited to eat [cheese], whether salted or unsalted.",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from meat may eat broth and meat sediment. But Rabbi Judah prohibits. Rabbi Judah said: it once happened that Rabbi Tarfon prohibited me from eating [even the] eggs boiled [with the meat]. They replied: That is so. When is this true? When he says “This meat is prohibited to me.” For if one vows [to abstain] from something, and it is mixed up with another thing, if there is a sufficient [amount of the prohibited food] to impart its taste [to the other] it is forbidden.",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from wine, may eat food which contains the taste of wine. If he says, “Konam if I taste this wine”, and it falls into food, if it is sufficient to impart its taste [to the food] it is forbidden. He who vows [abstinence] from grapes is permitted wine; from olives, is permitted oil. If he says, “Konam if I taste these olives and grapes”, he is forbidden to eat them and [the liquids] that come out of them.",
+ "He who vows abstinence from dates is permitted date honey; from winter grapes, is permitted winter-grape vinegar. Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra said: if it bears the name of its origin, and he vows to abstain from it, he is forbidden [to benefit] from what comes from it. But the Sages permit it.",
+ "He who vows abstinence from wine is permitted apple-wine; from oil, is permitted sesame oil; from honey, is permitted date honey; from vinegar, is permitted winter grape vinegar; from leeks, is permitted porrets; from vegetables, he is permitted field-vegetables, because it is an accompanying name.",
+ "[He who vows abstinence] from cabbage is forbidden asparagus; from asparagus, is permitted cabbage; From grits, is forbidden grits pottage; Rabbi Yose permits it; from grits pottage is permitted grits. From grits pottage, is forbidden garlic; Rabbi Yose permits it; from garlic, he is permitted grits pottage. From lentils, is forbidden lentil cakes; Rabbi Yose permits them; from lentil cakes, is permitted. [If one says] “Konam, if I eat wheat [or] wheats,” he is forbidden both flour and bread. “If I eat grit [or], grits,” he is forbidden both raw and cooked. Rabbi Judah says: [If one says], “Konam, if I eat grits or wheat,” he may chew them raw."
+ ],
+ [
+ "He who vows abstinence from vegetables is permitted gourds. Rabbi Akiba prohibits. They said to him: And does not a man say to his messenger “Bring me vegetables,” and he replies, “I could find only gourds.” He said to them: That is so! But would he say, “I could find only pulse?” For gourds are included in vegetables, while pulse is not. He is forbidden fresh Egyptian beans but permitted the dry species.",
+ "He who vows abstinence from grain is forbidden dry Egyptian beans, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: only the five species of grain are forbidden him. Rabbi Meir says: He who vows abstinence from produce (tevuah) is forbidden only the five species; but one who vows abstinence from grain (dagan), is forbidden all; yet he is permitted the fruits of the tree and vegetables.",
+ "He who vows not to wear garments is permitted sack-cloth, curtain, and blanket wrapping. If he says, “Konam, if wool comes upon me,” he may cover himself with wool shearings; [Konam] if flax comes upon me”, he may cover himself with stalks of flax. Rabbi Judah says: It all depends upon the person who vows, [thus:] if he was bearing a burden [with wool or flax] and perspires and had bad odor, and he said “Konam if wool or flax come upon me,” he may wear them, but not throw them [as a bundle] over his back.",
+ "One who vows not to benefit from a house is permitted the upper story, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: the upper story is included in “house”. He who vows not to benefit from the upper story is permitted the use of the house.",
+ "One who vows abstinence from a bed is permitted a couch, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: A couch is included in “bed”. If he vows abstinence from a couch, he is permitted the use of a bed. One who vows not to benefit from a town, may enter the town’s [Shabbat] border but may not enter its outskirts. But one who vows not to benefit from a house, is forbidden [only] from the door-stop and inwards.",
+ "[If one says] “Konam be these fruits to me”, “Konam they are for my mouth,” or “Konam they are to my mouth,” he is forbidden [to benefit] from what is exchanged for them or what grows from them. [If one says “Konam] if I eat or taste of them,” he is permitted [to benefit] from what is exchanged for them or what grows of them, if it is a thing of which the seed itself perishes, but if the seed does not perish, even that which grows out of that which [first] grew from it is forbidden.",
+ "If one says to his wife, “Konam be the work of your hands to me,” or ”Konam be they for my mouth, or “Konam be they to my mouth”, he is forbidden that which is exchanged for them or grown from them. [If he says “Konam] if I eat or taste [of what they produce],” he is permitted [to benefit] from what is exchanged for them or what grows of them, if it is a thing of which the seed itself perishes, but if the seed does not perish, even that which grows out of that which [first] grew from it is forbidden.",
+ "[If he says to his wife, “Konam that] what you will produce I will not eat from it until Pesach” or “That what you will produce, I will not wear until Pesach”, he may eat or wear after Pesach that which she produces before Pesach. [If he says to his wife “Konam that] what you produce until Pesach I will not eat”, or “That what you produce until Pesach I will not wear”, what she produces before Pesach he may not eat after Pesach.",
+ "[If he says, “Konam] be any benefit you have from me until Pesach, if you go to your father’s house until the festival [of Sukkot],” if she goes before Pesach she may not benefit from him until Pesach; if she goes after Pesach she is subject to, “he shall not break his word” (Numbers 30:3). [If he says, “Konam] be any benefit you have from me until the festival [of Sukkot] if you go to your father’s house before Pesach”, if she goes before Pesach, she may not benefit from him until the festival [of Sukkot], but she is permitted to go after Pesach."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If one vows,] “Konam, if I taste wine today,” he is forbidden only until it gets dark. “This Sabbath,” he is forbidden the whole week and the Sabbath belongs to the past [week]; “This month,” he is forbidden the whole of that month, and the beginning of the [following] month belongs to the next month. “This year,” he is forbidden the whole year, and the beginning of the [following] year belongs to the next year. “This week of years,” he is forbidden the whole of that week of years, and the [following] sabbatical year belongs to the past. But if he says, “One day,” “One Sabbath,” “One month,” “One year,” [or] “One week of years,” he is forbidden from day to day.",
+ "[If one vows,] “Until Pesach,” he is forbidden until it arrives; “Until it is [Pesach],” he is forbidden until it is completed. “Until before Pesach,”: Rabbi Meir says: he is forbidden until it arrives; Rabbi Yose says: he is forbidden until it is completed.",
+ "[If he vows,] “Until the grain harvest, “Until the grape harvest”, or, “Until the olive harvest,” he is forbidden only until it arrives. This is a general rule: Whatever has a fixed time and one vows, “Until it arrives,” he is forbidden until it arrives; if he says, “Until it be”, he is forbidden until it is over. But whatever has no fixed time, whether he says, “Until it be,” or “Until it arrives,” he is forbidden only until it arrives.",
+ "[If he says,] “Until the summer,” or, “Until the summer shall be,” [he is forbidden] until people begin to bring [the figs] home in baskets. “Until the summer [harvest] is past,” [he is forbidden] until the knives are folded up [and put away]. [If he vows,] “Until the harvest,” [he is forbidden] until the people begin reaping the wheat harvest, but not the barley harvest. It all depends on the place where he vowed: if in hill-country, the hill-country [harvest]; if in the valley, the valley harvest.",
+ "[If one vows,] “Until the rains,” [or], “Until the rains shall be”, [he is forbidden] until the second rainfall descends. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: until the [normal] time for the [second] rainfall is reached. [If one vows,] “Until the rains cease,” [he is forbidden] until all of Nisan is completed, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: Until Pesach is over. [If one vows,] “Konam that I taste not wine for a year”, if the year is intercalated, he is forbidden during the year and its extension. [If one says,] “Until the beginning of Adar,” [he is forbidden] until the beginning of the first Adar; “Until the end of Adar,” until the end of the first Adar. Rabbi Judah says: [If one vows, “Konam that I taste no wine until Pesach shall be,” he is forbidden only until Pesach night, for he meant until the hour when people usually drink wine.",
+ "If he vows, “Konam that I taste no meat until the fast [i.e., Yom Kippur] shall be,” he is forbidden only until the eve of the fast, for he merely meant until people usually eat meat. Rabbi Yose, his son, says: “Konam, that I not taste garlic until the Sabbath,” he is forbidden only until Sabbath eve [i.e., Friday night], for he meant, until it is customary for people to eat garlic.",
+ "If one says to his neighbor “Konam, what I benefit from you, if you do not come and take for your sons a kor of wheat and two barrels of wine,” the latter may annul his vow without the release of a sage, by declaring, “Did you vow for any other purpose but to honor me? This [refusal] is my honor.” Similarly, if one says to his neighbor, “Konam, what you benefit from me, if you do not give my son a kor of wheat and two barrels of wine”: Rabbi Meir says: he is forbidden until he gives; But the Sages say: he too can annul his vow without the release of a sage, by saying to him, “I regard it as though I have received it.” If they were urging him to marry his sister’s daughter, and he said, “Konam, what she benefits from me forever”; Likewise, if he is divorcing his wife and he said, “Konam, what my wife benefits from me forever,” they are permitted to benefit from him, because he meant only marriage. If he was urging his neighbor to eat at his house, and he replied, “Konam be your house which I do not enter,” or, “The drop of water that I do not drink,” he may enter his house and drink cold water because he only meant eating and drinking in general."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: They release a vow [by reference] to the honor of his father and mother but the Sages forbid. Rabbi Zadok said: Instead of releasing through the honor of his father and mother, they should release [by reference] to the honor of God. If so, there would be no vows! But the Sages admit to Rabbi Eliezer that in a matter concerning himself and his father and mother one may release a vow [by reference] to the honor of his father and mother.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer also said: They release a vow by reference to a new fact; but the Sages forbid it. How is this so? If one said, “Konam that I will not benefit from so and so,” and he [the latter] then became a scribe, or was about to give his son in marriage, and he said, “Had I known that he would become a scribe or was about to give his son in marriage, I would not have vowed;” [Or if he said,] “Konam, is this house that I will not enter,” and it became a synagogue, and he declared, “Had I known that it would become a synagogue, I would not have vowed,” Rabbi Eliezer permits [the vow to be released],but the Sages forbid it.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: Some things are similar to a new fact, and yet are not [treated] as new; but the Sages do not agree with him. How so? If one says, “Konam that I do not marry so and so, because her father is wicked,” and [then] they say to him “He is dead,” or, “He has repented,”; “Konam is this house which I will not enter, because it contains a wild dog,” or, “because there is a snake in it,” and [then] they say to him, “The dog is dead,” or, “The serpent has been killed,” behold these are like new facts, yet actually not [treated] as new facts. But the sages do not agree with him.",
+ "Rabbi Meir also said: They release [the vow] by using what is written in the Torah, and they say to him, “Had you known that you were violating [the prohibitions]:“You shall not avenge” (Leviticus 19:18), “You shall not bear a grudge” (ibid.), “You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart (ibid., v., “Love your neighbor as yourself” (ibid., v., “Let him live by your side” (ibid. 25:37), for he might become poor and you would not be able to provide for him, [would you have vowed]?”. And should he reply, “Had I known that this is so, I would not have vowed,” he is permitted [the vow is absolved].",
+ "They release a vow by reference to a wife’s kethubah. And it once happened that a man vowed not to benefit from his wife and her ketubah amounted to four hundred denarii. He went before Rabbi Akiva, who ordered him to pay her the ketubah [in full]. He said to him, “Rabbi! My father left eight hundred denarii, of which my brother took four hundred and I took four hundred. Isn’t it enough that she should receive two hundred and I two hundred?” Rabbi Akiva replied: even if you have to sell the hair of your head you must pay her her ketubah. He said to him, “Had I known that it is so, I would not have vowed.” And Rabbi Akiva released his vow.",
+ "They release vows by reference to the sabbaths and festivals. The earlier ruling was that for these days the vow is cancelled, but for others it is binding, until Rabbi Akiva came and taught: a vow which is partially released is entirely released.",
+ "How is this so?If one says, “Konam that which I benefit from any of you,” if one [of those subject to the vow] was [subsequently] released, they are all released. [If he said, “Konam] that which I benefit from this one or this one”: if the first was released, all are released; if the last one was released, he is released, but the rest are forbidden. if the middle person was released, those [mentioned] after him are [also] released, but those [mentioned] before him are forbidden. [If one says,] “Korban that which I benefit from this one, and from this one Korban,” they each require a separate release.",
+ "“Konam is the one that I taste, because wine is damaging to the stomach.” They said to him, “But mature wine is beneficial to the stomach.” He is released in respect of mature wine, and not only in respect of mature wine, but of all wine. “Konam the onions that I taste, because they are damaging to the heart.” They said to him, “But village onions are good for the heart,” He is released in respect of village onions, and not only of village onions, but of all onions. Such a case happened before Rabbi Meir, and he permitted all onions.",
+ "They release one’s vows [by reference] to his own honor and the honor of his children. They say to him, “Had you known that tomorrow they will say of you, ‘It is the regular habit of so-and-so to divorce his wife’; and concerning your daughters they will say, ‘They are the daughters of a divorced woman. What fault did he find in their mother to divorce her?’ If he replies, “Had I known that it is so, I would not have vowed,” he is released from his vow.",
+ "“Konam if I marry that ugly woman,” and she turns out to be beautiful; “That black-skinned woman,” and she turns out to be light-skinned; “That short woman,” and she turns out to be tall, he is permitted to marry her, not because she was ugly, and became beautiful, or black and became light-skinned, short and grew tall, but because the vow was made in error. And thus it happened with one who vowed not to benefit from his sister’s daughter, and she was taken into Rabbi Ishmael’s house and they made her beautiful. Rabbi Ishmael said to him, “My son! Did you vow not to benefit from this one!” He said, “No,” and Rabbi Ishmael permitted her [to him]. In that hour Rabbi Ishmael wept and said, “The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty disfigures them.” And when Rabbi Ishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lament, saying, “Daughters of Israel weep for Rabbi Ishmael.” And thus it is said too of Saul, “Daughters of Israel, weep for Saul” (II Samuel 1:24)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of a betrothed young woman, her father and her betrothed husband annul her vows. If her father annulled [her vow] but not the husband, or if the husband annulled [it] but not the father, it is not annulled; and it goes without saying if one of them upheld [it].",
+ "If the father dies, his authority does not pass over to the husband. If the husband dies, his authority passes over to the father. In this respect, the father’s power is greater than the husband’s. But in another respect, the husband’s power is greater than that of the father, for the husband can annul [her vows] when she is of majority age but the father cannot annul her vows when she is of majority age.",
+ "If one vowed as a betrothed woman, and then was divorced on that day and betrothed [again] on the same day, even a hundred times, her father and last betrothed husband can annul her vows. This is the general rule: as long as she has not passed out into her own control for even one hour, her father and last husband can annul her vows.",
+ "It is the practice of scholars, before the daughter of one of them departs from him, he says to her, “All the vows which you vowed in my house are annulled.” Likewise the husband, before she enters into his domain would say to her, “All the vows which you vowed before you entered my domain are annulled,” because once she enters into his domain he cannot annul them.",
+ "[In the case of] a girl who has reached majority age who waited twelve months, or a widow [who waited] thirty days, Rabbi Eliezer says: since her [betrothed] husband is responsible for her maintenance, he may annul [her vows]. But the Sages say: the husband cannot annul [her vows] until she enters into his domain.",
+ "If a woman waits for a yavam, whether for one or for two [yevamim]: Rabbi Eliezer says: he can annul [her vows]. Rabbi Joshua says: [only if she waits] for one, but not for two. Rabbi Akiva says: neither for one nor for two. Rabbi Eliezer said: if a man can annul the vows of a woman whom he himself acquired, isn’t it logical that can he annul those of a woman bequeathed to him by Heaven! Rabbi Akiva said to him: No! If you speak of a woman whom he himself acquires, that is because others have no rights in her; will you say [the same] of a woman given to him by Heaven, in whom others too have rights! Rabbi Joshua said to him: Akiva, your words apply to two yevamim; but what will you answer if there is only one yavam? He (Rabbi Akiva) said to him (Rabbi Joshua): the yevamah is not as completely acquired to the yavam as a betrothed girl is to her [betrothed] husband.",
+ "If a man says to his wife, “All vows which you may vow from now until I return from such and such a place behold, they are upheld,” he has not said anything. [If he said: All vows which you may vow from now until I return from such and such a place], behold, they are annulled,”: Rabbi Eliezer says: they are annulled; The Sages say: they are not annulled. Said Rabbi Eliezer: if he can annul vows which have already had the force of a prohibition, surely he can annul those which have not had the force of prohibition! They said to him: behold, it is said, “Her husband may uphold it, and her husband may annul it” (Numbers 30:14), that which has entered the category of upholding, has entered the category of annulment; but that which has not entered the category of upholding, has not entered the category of annulment.",
+ "The annulment of vows is the whole day. This may result in a stringency or in a leniency. How is this so? If she vowed on the eve of the Sabbath, he can annul on the eve of the sabbath and on the Sabbath day until nightfall. If she vowed just before nightfall, he can annul only until nightfall: for if night fell and he had not annulled it, he can no longer annul it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows which he can annul: vows which involve self-denial. [For instance:] “If I bathe” or “If I do not bathe;” “If I adorn myself,” or, “If I do not adorn myself.” Rabbi Yose says: these are not vows of self-denial.",
+ "But these are vows of self-denial:If she says, “Konam be the produce of the [whole] world to me”, he can annul. “Konam be the produce of this region to me,” he should bring her that of a different region. “[Konam be] the produce of this shopkeeper to me”, he cannot annul. But if he can obtain his sustenance only from him, he can annul, the words of Rabbi Yose.",
+ "[If she vows], “Konam, that which I benefit from mankind,” he cannot annul, and she can benefit from gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the corners of the field. [If one says], “Konam be the benefit which priests and Levites have from me”, they can take [from him] against his will. [But if he vows,] “Konam be the benefit these priests and Levites have from me,” other [priests and Levites] should take.",
+ "[If she vows,] “Konam that which I do for my father,” [or] “your father,” [or] “my brother,” [or] “your brother,” [the husband] cannot annul it. [“Konam] “that which I do for you,” he need not annul it. Rabbi Akiva says: he should annul it, lest she make more than is fitting for him. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: he should annul it, lest he divorce her and she thereby be forbidden to him.",
+ "If his wife vowed, and he thought that his daughter had vowed, or if his daughter vowed and he thought that his wife had vowed; If she took the vow of a nazirite, and he thought that she had vowed by a korban, or if she vowed by a korban, and he thought that she vowed a nazirite vow; If she vowed [to abstain] from figs, and he thought that she vowed [to abstain] from grapes, or if she vowed [to abstain] from grapes and he thought that she vowed from figs, he must annul [the vow] again.",
+ "If she vows, “Konam these figs and grapes which I taste”, and he [the husband] confirms [the vow] in respect of figs, the whole [vow] is confirmed; If he annuls it in respect of figs, it is not annulled, unless he annuls in respect of grapes too. If she vows, “Konam the figs that I taste and these grapes that I taste”, they are two distinct vows.",
+ "[If the husband declares,] “I knew that there were vows, but I did not know that they could be annulled”, he may annul them [now]. [But if he says:] “I knew that I could annul them, but I did not know that this was a vow,” Rabbi Meir says: he cannot annul it, But the Sages say: he can annul.",
+ "If a man is under a vow that his son-in-law shall not benefit from him, and he wants to give money to his daughter, he must say to her, “This money is given to you as a gift, providing that your husband has no rights with it, [and it is only given to you] so that may put to your personal use.”",
+ "“But every vow of a widow and of a divorcee… shall be binding upon her” (Numbers 30:9).How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a nazirite after thirty days”, even if she married within the thirty days, he cannot annul it. If she vows while in her husband’s domain, he can annul [the vow] for her. How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a nazirite after thirty days,” [and her husband annulled it], even though she was widowed or divorced within the thirty days, it is annulled. If she vowed on one day, and he divorced her on the same day and took her back on the same day, he cannot annul it. This is the general rule: once she has gone into her own domain [even] for a single hour, he cannot annul.",
+ "There are nine young girls whose vows stand: [1a] a girl who reached majority age who is [like] an orphan; [1b] a young girl [who vowed] and [then] reached majority age who is [like] an orphan; [1c] a young girl who has not yet reached majority age, who is [like] an orphan; [2a] a girl who reached majority age and whose father died; [2b] a young girl [who vowed] and [then] reached majority age and whose father died; [2c] a young girl who has not yet reached majority age and whose father died; [3a] a young girl whose father died, and after her father died she became of majority age; [3b] a girl who has reached majority age whose father is alive; [3c] a young girl who has reached majority age and whose father is alive. Rabbi Judah says: also one who married off his daughter while a minor, and she was widowed or divorced and returned to him [her father] and is still a young girl.",
+ "[If she vows,] “Konam the benefit that I derive from my father or from your father if I make anything for you,” Or, “Konam the benefit that I derive from you, if I make anything for my father or your father,” he can annul.",
+ "At first they would say that three women must be divorced and receive their ketubah: She who says: “I am defiled to you”; “Heaven is between me and you”; “I have been removed from the Jews.” But subsequently they changed the ruling to prevent her from setting her eye on another and spoiling herself to her husband: She who said, “I am defiled unto you” must bring proof. “Heaven is between me and you” they [shall appease them] by a request. “I have been removed from the Jews” he [the husband] must annul his portion, and she may have relations with him, and she shall be removed from other Jews."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02b8f274391e26cd157d9576c62851f98a6b08a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "All colloquial terms for vows are the same as vows; those for devotions are the same as devotions; those for oaths are the same as oaths; those for Nazarite [vows] are the same as Nazarite [vows]. One who says to one's peer \"I am forbidden by vow from you\"; \"I am separated from you\"; \"I am distanced from you\"; \"I may not eat yours\"; \"I may not taste yours\" - [the object of his vow] is forbidden. \"I am excommunicated from you\" - Rabbi Akiva was inclined to be stringent. [Using the phrase] \"Like the vows of the wicked\" - is a vow when concerning Nazarite, and offering, and oath. [Using the phrase] \"Like the vows of the pious\" - it is as if he had said nothing. \"Like their donation\" - is a vow when concerning Nazarite or an offering.",
+ "One who says to one's peer \"Konam\" or \"Konach\" or \"Konas\" - these are colloquial terms for an offering (\"Korban\"). \"Cherek\", \"Cherekh\", \"Cheref\" - these are colloquial terms for devotions (\"Cherem\"). \"Nazik\", \"Naziyach\", \"Paziyach\" - these are colloquial terms for a Nazarite [vow] (\"Nazir\"). \"Shevutah\", \"Shekukah\", \"Nadar Bemota\" - these are colloquial terms for oath (\"Shevu'ah\").",
+ "If one says to his fellow: \"Not chullin (non-sanctified food) shall I eat of yours\", [or] \"not kosher\" or \"not permitted\", [or] \"pure\" or \"impure\", [or] \"notar\" or \"piggul\" (disqualified sacrifices) - [the food is] forbidden. [If one says to one's fellow:] \"Like a lamb\", [or] \"like enclosures\", [or] \"like wood\", [or] \"like fires\", [or] \"like the altar\", [or] \"like the sanctuary\", [or] \"like Jerusalem\", [or] if one made a vow on any of the instruments of the altar, even though there was no mention of sacrifice - behold, [it is as if] he has vowed [and forbidden the object] like a Korban. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he [only] said \"Jerusalem\", it is as if he had said nothing.",
+ "The person who states \"korban,\" \"olah,\" \"minchah,\" \"chattat,\" \"todah,\" or \"shelamim [be that] which I don't eat of your food\" - [the food] is forbidden. Rabbi Yehudah permits [the food]. If the person states \"the korban,\" \"like the korban,\" [or] \"korban is that which I eat of yours\" - [the food is] forbidden. [If he says] \"for the korban shall I not eat of your [food],\" Rabbi Meir forbids him [from eating the food]. If someone says to his friend \"konam is my mouth that speaks with you,\" \"[konam is] my hand that does work with you,\" or \"[konam is] my foot that walks with you,\" - [the speaker is] forbidden [from speaking, doing work, or walking with the object of the vow]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are permitted [to eat, because the vows are invalid]: [the person who says] \"chullin [non-sanctified food] [is the food] that I eat of yours,\" \"like the meat of a pig,\" \"like that which is used for idolatry,\" \"like the skin of an animal whose heart was sacrificed to idols,\" \"like nevelot [an animal that died due to causes other than ritual slaughter, carrion],\" \"like tereifot [animal with a mortal condition such that it would die within one year],\" \"like swarming things,\" \"like reptiles,\" \"like the challah of Aaron,\" or \"like [Aaron's] terumah.\" - all these are permitted. The person who says to his wife, \"You are like my mother [and forbidden to me sexually],\" [a Rabbi must] find a petach [An opening in a vow that enables annulment either due to improper or mistaken original intent, or indication that the person’s mind was unsettled at the time of making the vow] from another law, so that he does not act rashly. If someone says \"konam that I don't sleep,\" \"that I don't talk,\" [or] \"that I don't walk,\" or if someone says to his wife, \"konam that I don't have relations with you,\" [these come under the scriptural instruction stating] \"he shall not break his word.\" If someone says, \"shevuah that I don't sleep,\" \"that I don't talk,\" [or] \"that I don't walk,\" he is forbidden [from the restricted action, because the oath is valid].",
+ "[If someone says:] \"korban that I will not eat of yours,\" [or] \"korban that I eat of yours,\" [or] \"what I do not eat of yours will not be korban [to me],\" - [he is] permitted [to eat the food]. [If someone says] \"shevuah that I will not eat of yours,\" [or] \"shevuah that I eat of yours,\" [or] \"what I do not eat of yours will not be shevuah [to me],\" - [he is] forbidden [from eating the food]. Those are [situations where] oaths are more stringent than vows. [However,] there are [also situations where] vows are more stringent than oaths. How so? [If someone] says \"konam is the sukkah that I build,\" [or] \"the lulav that I take,\" [or] \"the tefillin that I wrap,\" - [in the case of] vows [the action is] forbidden, [but in the case of] oaths, [the action is] permitted, because one cannot [swear an] oath to transgress a mitzvah of the Torah. ",
+ "There are instances of a [valid] vow within a vow, but there are no [instances where an] oath within an oath [is valid]. How so? If someone says, \"I will be a Nazirite if I eat [this food],\" \"I will be a Nazirite if I eat [this food],\" [he repeats himself], and then eats [the food in question], he is liable [twice], [for] each [of the Nazirite vows he vowed]. If someone says, \"Shevuah if I eat [this food],\" \"Shevuah if I eat [this food],\" [he repeats his oath], he is only liable once.",
+ "Vague vows [are assumed to apply to the more] stringent [interpretation], but [they can be] clarified to be more lenient. How so? If one says, \"I take [this] upon myself like salted meat\" or \"like consecrated wine\" - if his vow [specified meat or wine] of Heaven [used in the temple], [they are] forbidden; if his vow [specified meat or wine] of idol worship, then [they are still] permitted; and if it was [left] vague, [they are] forbidden. [If one says:] \"I take upon myself [to forbid this item] as cherem\"- if he specified the cherem of Heaven [the temple], [the item] is forbidden; if he specified the cherem of priests, it is permitted; and if it was [left] vague, it is forbidden. [If one says:] \"I take upon myself [to treat this food] like a tithe\" - if he specified the tithe of the animals, [the food] is forbidden; if he specified the tithe of the threshing floor, it is permitted; if it was [left] vague, it is forbidden. [If one says:] \"I take upon myself [to treat this food] like a terumah [heave offering]\" - if he specified that it was a terumat halishkah [monetary offering to the temple treasury], it is forbidden; if he specified that it was [like] a terumah [made at] the threshing floor, it is permitted; if it was vague, it is forbidden - these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: vague [use of the word] 'terumah in Judea - [the item is] forbidden; in the Galilee, [the item] is permitted, for the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with the terumat halishkah. [Likewise,] vague [use of the word] 'cherem' in Judea - [the item] is permitted; in the Galilee it is forbidden, because the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with the cherem of priests. ",
+ "One who vows by cherem, and [then] says, “I vowed only by a cherem [a net] of the sea\"; [or] by a korban, and [then] says, “I vowed only by korbanot [gifts] of kings”; [or vows:] “Behold! I myself am a korban”, and [then] says, “I vowed only by the etzem [bone] which I keep for the purpose of vowing”; [or vows:] “konam be any benefit my wife has from me”, and then says, “I spoke only of my first wife, whom I have divorced” — Regarding none of these [vows] should one inquire [of a sage in order to annul them]. And one who does inquire about them is punished and [their vows are interpreted] strictly, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: they are given a petach on other grounds, in order that they should not [learn to] act lightly with vows. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are four [types of] vows that the sages invalidated, [and these four types are]: vows of encouragement, vows of exaggeration, vows made in error, and vows made against one's will. A vow of incitement: how [does this manifest itself]? If a merchant said, \"konam that I will not sell to you for less than a sela\" and the buyer says, \"konam that I will not pay more than a shekel.\" [These vows are invalid since] both agree on three dinars. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov says: Even a vow made by one who wants to compel his friend to eat with him [by making a vow], and says [beforehand], \"All vows that I will make in the future - they are nullified,\" this statement is effective [and his future vow is null], as long as he remembers [the statement] at the time he vows.",
+ "Vows of exaggeration: [for example,] if someone said: \"konam if I did not see on this path [a quantity of people similar to] those who left Egypt!” [six hundred thousand males], [or “konam] if I didn’t see a snake [as large] as the beam of an olive press!\" Vows made in error: [an example might be if someone said: \"konam] if I ate and drank\", but then remembered that he did [in fact] eat or drink. [Or if one said: \"konam] if I will eat or if I will drink,\" (thereby obligating himself to fast), [but then he] forgot, and ate or drank. [Similarly, if one said:] \"konam if my wife benefits from me, because she stole my purse or because she hit my son,\" [but then] it becomes known that she did not [really] beat him, [or] it becomes known that she did not [really] steal [her husband's purse] , [it is a vow made in error]. If someone saw [in the distance, some people] eating [his] figs, and says: \"[let those figs] be to you like a korban,\" but [he finds out that the men in the distance were] his father and his brothers. [If] others were with them, Beit Shammai says: [the father and brothers are] permitted [to eat the figs], but [the people] with them are forbidden. But Beit Hillel says: both [his relatives and the others] are permitted [to eat the figs].",
+ "Vows made against one's will: [An example of this might be] if someone subjected his friend to a vow that [the friend] will eat with him, but [the friend] became sick or [the friend's] son became sick, or a river [rose and] prevented him [from traveling safely] - these are vows made against one's will.",
+ "One may vow [in front of] murderers and thieves and [royal] tax collectors that [something] is terumah, even if it isn't terumah; [or] that they are property of the king, even if they aren't property of the king. Beit Shammai says: [this is true] regarding all vows except for oaths, and Beit Hillel says: even regarding oaths. Beit Shammai says: he [the victim] may not offer to make the vow. And Beit Hillel says: he may even offer [to make the vow]. Beit Shammai says: [he may only vow] regarding what he is asked to vow, and Beit Hillel says: even regarding that which he wasn't asked to vow. How so? If they [the murderers, thieves or tax collectors] order him to say: \"konam that my wife may not benefit from me [if this is not terumah, etc.],\"' but he says \"konam that neither my wife nor my children may benefit from me\" - Beit Shammai says: his wife is permitted to him but his children are forbidden, and Beit Hillel says: both are permitted.",
+ "[If someone took a vow, saying:] \"these saplings are [forbidden to me like a] korban, if they are not uprooted,\" [or] \"this garment is [forbidden to me like a] korban, if it isn't burned,\" - [these items] can be redeemed (and their monetary worth treated as korban, rather than the saplings or garments themselves). [But if one vows:] \"these saplings are [forbidden to me like a] korban, until they are uprooted,\" [or] \"this garment is [forbidden to me like a] korban, until it is burned,\" - there is no redemption for [these items].",
+ "Someone who vows [to not benefit from] 'those who go down to the sea' [sailors] is permitted to [benefit from] those who live on land; [but if he vowed not to benefit from] those who live on land, he is forbidden [from benefiting from] those who go down to the sea, because 'those who go down to the sea' are included in [the category of] 'those who live on land'. [This law not only applies] to those [sailors] that travel [the short distance] from Acre to Jaffa, but even to those who normally separate [for longer periods of time]. ",
+ "Someone who vows [not to benefit from] 'those who see the sun', is forbidden [to benefit] even from blind people - because what he really meant is 'those that the sun sees.'",
+ "Someone who vows [not to benefit from] 'black-haired people' is forbidden [to benefit] from bald people and white-haired people, but is permitted to [benefit from] women and children, because only men are called 'black-haired'.",
+ "Someone who vows [not to benefit] from 'those [creatures] that have been born' is permitted to [benefit from] those that will be born [in the future]. [And one who vows not to benefit from] 'those [creatures] that will be born' is prohibited [to benefit] from those who have been born. Rabbi Meir permits [benefit from] those who have been born, while the Sages say, he [really] meant 'those [creatures] that are viviparous'.",
+ "Someone who vows [not to benefit] from those who keep Shabbat is forbidden [to benefit from] Jews and Kutim [Samaritans, an ancient schismatic Jewish group] . [One who vows not to benefit] from those who eat garlic is forbidden [to benefit from] Jews and forbidden [to benefit from] Kutim. [However, one who vows not to benefit] from those who go up to Jerusalem (for the pilgrimage festivals) is forbidden [to benefit from] Jews and permitted [to benefit from] Kutim.",
+ "[Someone who vows:] \"konam that I won't benefit from 'the sons of Noah'\" is permitted to [benefit from] Jews and forbidden [to benefit] from Gentiles. [One who vows: \"konam] that I won't benefit from the offspring of Abraham,\" is forbidden [to benefit] from Jews and permitted [to benefit] from Gentiles. [One who vows: \"konam] that I won't benefit from Jews,\" must buy [from Jews] at a higher price [than usual] and sell [to them] at a lower price. [One who vows: \"konam] that Jews won't benefit from me,\" must buy at a lower price and sell at a higher price [than usual], as long as there are any Jews who would heed him [in his offer]. [One who vows: \"konam] that they won't benefit from me, nor I from them,\" may benefit from Gentiles. [One who vows:]\"konam that I won't benefit from the uncircumcised,\" is permitted [to benefit from] uncircumcised Jews but forbidden to [benefit from] circumcised Gentiles. [One who vows:] \"konam that I won't benefit from the circumcised\" is prohibited [to benefit] from uncircumcised Jews and permitted [to benefit] from circumcised Gentiles. [This is] because [the term] 'orla' [foreskin] is only used in reference to Gentiles, as it is written: (Jeremiah 9:25) \"Because all the nations are arelim [uncircumcised], but all the house of Israel are of uncircumcised heart,\" and it says: (I Samuel 17:36) \"and this arel Philistine,\" and it says: (II Samuel 1:20) \"Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, Lest the daughters of the arelim triumph\". Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah says: \"Disgusting is the foreskin, [since] the wicked are insulted through it, as it says: 'because all the nations are uncircumcised'\". Rabbi Yishmael says: \"Great is circumcision, for thirteen covenants were sealed concerning it\". Rabbi Yose says: \"Great is circumcision, that it overrules the strict [prohibitions of] Shabbat.\" Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korcha says: \"Great is circumcision, for Moses the righteous wasn't given a moment [to allow his son to remain uncircumcised]. Rabbi Nechemiah says: \"Great is circumcision, for it overrules [the prohibitions of] nega'im [impure afflictions].\" Rabbi says: \"Great is circumcision, for [despite] all the commandments that Abraham did, he was not called 'complete' until he was circumcised, as it says: (Genesis 17:1) 'Walk before Me and be complete'\". Another saying [of his]: \"Great is circumcision, for but for it, the Holy One would not have have created His world, as it says: (Jeremiah 33:25) \"Thus says the Lord, 'If my covenant is not established day and night, the laws of the heavens and earth I will not set.'\" "
+ ],
+ [
+ "There is no [difference] between one who vows [not to] benefit from his friend, and one who vows [not to benefit] from his [friend's] food except for walking [in his field] and [borrowing his] utensils which are not used for food. One who vows [not to benefit] from his friend's food may not borrow a sifter or a sieve or a mill or an oven, but may borrow a robe or a ring or a garment or nose rings or anything that [people] don't make food in. In a place where they rent items similar [to the one he wants to borrow] - it is forbidden [to borrow them].",
+ "One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend may pay his shekel [tax due to the Temple], may pay off his [friend's] debt, and may return his lost object. In a place where they pay a reward [for returning lost items], he must forfeit the benefit [he would have derived] as a hallowed offering [to the Temple].",
+ "And [the one who vowed not to benefit from his friend] may separate his Teruma and his tithes with his [friend's] permission, and may offer his bird offerings [due to being] zav or zava [states of impurity for men and women after night emissions] or [having given] birth, his sin-offering, and his guilt-offering; one may also teach [the friend] Midrash, laws and lore, but may not teach him Scripture - one may, however, teach his sons and his daughters Scripture, and may feed his wife and his sons, even though he [himself] is responsible for their food. But he may not feed his animal, whether it be kosher or non-kosher. Rabbi Eliezer says: \"He may feed his non-kosher [animal] but he may not feed his kosher [animal]\". [The Sages] said to him: \"What is the difference between kosher and non-kosher [animals, regarding this law]?\" He responded to them: \"Because a kosher [animal], its soul belongs to heaven and its body is his [the owner's], whereas a non-kosher [animal], [both] its soul and body belong to heaven.\" They responded [back] to him: \"Even [in the case of a] non-kosher [animal], its soul belongs to heaven and its body is his, for if he wanted to, surely he could sell [the body] to non-Jews or feed it to his dogs.\"",
+ "One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend and comes to visit him [when he is sick], [should] stand, but not sit. And one may heal his [friend’s] body, but not his assets [livestock]. And one may bathe with him in a large bathhouse, but not in a small one. And he may sleep with him in a bed. Rabbi Yehuda says: \"[one may sleep in the same bed as the friend] during the summer, but not during the winter, because [during the winter] he will benefit from him.\" They may sit together on [the same] bed, and one may eat with him at the [same] table, but not from the main dish. However, one may eat [together] from a plentiful main dish. One may not eat with him from a trough which is [put] before workers, and may not work together in the same row [in a field] - these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages claim that one may work [together as in the same row, so long as each one works] far away [from the other].",
+ "One who vows [not to] benefit from one’s friend before the Sabbatical year may not go down to his field and he may not eat from the [trees] leaning [out of his friend’s field]. [One who vows not to benefit from his friend] during the Sabbatical year may not go down to his field, but may eat from the [trees] leaning [out of his friend’s field]. One who vows [not to benefit] from his [friend’s] food before the Sabbatical year may go down to his field, but may not eat from his fruit; but [one who vows not to benefit from his friend’s food] during the Sabbatical year may go down [to his field] and eat.",
+ "One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend may not lend [an item] to him or borrow from him; may not lend [money] or borrow [money] from him; and may not sell or buy from him. [If one] says: \"lend me your cow,\" [and the friend] responds: \"it is not available [to be lent],\" [to which] he responds: \"konam on my field, that I will never plow it [with your cow]!\" - if [the one who vowed] regularly plowed [his field himself], he is forbidden [from plowing with it], but others are allowed to; [but] if he didn't regularly plow [his field himself], [both] he and others are forbidden [from plowing his field with it].",
+ "[If] one who vows [not to] benefit from his friend [later] has nothing to eat, [the friend is allowed] to go to the storekeeper and say: \"Such and such vowed [not to] benefit from me, and I don't know what to do?\" - [the storekeeper] gives him [food], and takes payment from [the friend]. If [the one who vowed] needed to build a house [for himself] or build a fence or reap his field, [the friend] may go to workers and say: \"Such and such vowed [not to benefit] from me, and I don't know what to do?\" - they may do [the work] for him, and go and take payment from [the friend].",
+ "If [the one who vowed not to benefit and his friend] were walking along and [the one who vowed] had nothing to eat, [the friend] may give [food] to another person as a gift and then [the one who vowed] is permitted [to eat it]. If there is no one else with them, he may leave [food] on a rock or on a fence and say: \"Behold! this [food] is ownerless, [and available] for anyone that wants [it],\" - [the one who vowed] may [then] take and eat it. But Rabbi Yose forbids."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Neighbors [who share a courtyard], who vow [not to derive benefit] from each other, are prohibited from entering the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: this one can enter his [share of the courtyard] and this one can enter his. Both of them are prohibited from putting a mill [in the courtyard] or an oven, or to raise chickens [in the courtyard]. If one [of the neighbors] vowed [not to derive benefit] from his friend, he may not enter the [shared] courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: he [the one who vowed] may say to [his neighbor], \"I am entering my [share of the courtyard] and am not entering yours.\" But the one who vowed is pressured to sell his share [of the courtyard].",
+ "If someone from the marketplace took a vow not to benefit from one [of the owners of a courtyard], he may not enter the entire courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: he can claim, \"I am entering into the portion of the courtyard owned by [other] owners of the courtyard, and I am not entering your share.\"",
+ "One who vows not to benefit from their friend, and [the friend] owns a bath-house or an olive press which was leased [to a third party] - if [the friend] still has an interest [in the property], [the one who vowed] is forbidden [to utilize them]; if not, [he is] permitted. If one says to one's friend: \"konam if I enter your house,\" or \"[konam] if I purchase your field\" - and then the owner died, or sold it to someone else, [the one who vowed] is permitted [to enter or buy it]. But if he says: \"konam if I enter this house,\" or \"konam if I purchase this field,\" - even if he died, or sold it to someone else, it is prohibited. ",
+ "[If one vows to someone:] \"Behold, I am [prohibited] to you like cherem,\" the one who vowed is prohibited [from deriving benefit from the other]. [If one vows:] \"Behold, you are [prohibited] to me like cherem,\" the one vowed against is prohibited [from deriving benefit from the one who vowed]. [If one vows:] \"Behold, you and I [are prohibited to each other like cherem],\" they are both prohibited. But both are permitted [to use] things [publicly available to] the people who ascended from Babylon, and are prohibited [to use] things owned by their city. ",
+ "And what is [considered publicly available] to the people who ascended from Babylon? For example, the Temple Mount, and the [temple] courtyards, and the [water] hole in the middle of the road. And what is [considered] to be owned by the city itself? For example, the town square, the [public] bathhouse, the synagogue, the ark [where the Torah is kept] and the sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls], and [property of] one who writes over his share [of the public property in the city] to the Nasi [head of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel]. Rabbi Yehuda says: [it is the same,] whether one writes over [his property] to the Nasi, or whether he writes it over to a common citizen. What, then, is [the difference] between writing over to the Nasi and writing over to a common citizen? That one who writes over to the Nasi doesn't need to do any action which enables the transaction. But the Sages say: whether one does this [wrote over to the Nasi] or this [wrote over to a common citizen], one needs to do an action which enables the transaction, and they only referred to a Nasi [here] because that was the case [then, at the time when this was discussed]. Rabbi Yehuda says: People of the Galilee don't need to write over [their property to anyone], since their predecessors wrote it over for them.",
+ "If one vows not to derive any benefit from one's friend, but [the friend] has nothing to eat - he may give [food] to a third party [as a gift], and [the friend] is permitted [to take it]. It once happened in Beit Horon that someone's father was forbidden [by vow] to benefit from him. [Now, the son] was marrying off his [own] son, and said to his friend: \"May the courtyard and the festive meal be a gift unto you, on the condition that my father come and celebrate with us at the festive meal.\" \"If it is truly mine,\" he said, \"then let it all be consecrated unto Heaven.\" [The son] said to [his friend]: \"I didn't give my property to you for you to consecrate it unto Heaven!\" He replied: \"You gave it to me so that you and your father can feast together, and be reconciled, while the transgression of breaking the vow will fall upon [me]!\" When the case was presented to the Sages, they ruled: any gift not given in a manner allowing for consecration is not a gift at all. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who vows not to eat cooked foods, it is permissible for them to eat of roasted foods, and seethed foods. If he says: \"Konam that I taste any cooked food,\" he cannot eat anything soupy cooked in a pot, but is allowed to eat solid foods, and he may eat a soft-boiled egg and the gourd baked in hot ashes. ",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from food made in a pot is only prohibited from food which is boiled. [If] he said \"konam [against] anything that goes into a pot that I should not taste it\" [then] he is prohibited from all that is cooked in a pot.",
+ "[One who vows abstinence from] pickled [foods], he is only prohibited from a pickled vegetable. [However, if he specified] 'pickled foods that I should not taste' he is prohibited from all pickled foods. [If he swore against] seethed food he is only prohibited from seethed meat. [However, if he specified] 'seethed food that I should not taste' he is prohibited from all seethed foods. [If he swore against] roasted food he is only prohibited from roasted meat. These are the words of Rabbi Yehuda. [However, if he specified] 'roasted food that I should not taste' he is prohibited from all roasted food. [If he swore against] salted food, he is only prohibited from salted fish. [However, if he specified] 'salted food that I should not taste' he is prohibited from all salted food.",
+ "[If he specified] \"fish or fishes I shall not taste” he is forbidden them, whether large or small, salted or unsalted, raw or cooked. But he may eat chopped terith and brine. He who vows [abstinence] from mud-fish is forbidden chopped terith, but may eat brine and pickled fish brine. He who vows [abstinence] from chopped terith may not eat of brine and pickled fish brine. ",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from milk is permitted to eat curds. But Rabbi Yose forbids it. “From curds,” is permitted milk. Abba Shaul says: he who vows [abstinence] from cheese, is forbidden it, whether salted or unsalted. ",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from meat, he is permitted [to eat] sauce [cooked in a meat dish] and top [food put on top of the meat when cooked]. Rabbi Yehuda prohibits [these foods]. Rabbi Yehuda said, a story: Rabbi Tarfon forbade me eggs that were cooked with it [meat].\" They [the Sages] said to him, \"This is so. [But] when [is it true]? When he said \"This meat [is prohibited] upon me\" because one who swears from something and then it gets mixed with something else, if it [the prohibited food is in a quantity] where it gives flavor, then it is prohibited [to eat this mixture].",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from wine, may eat food which contains the taste of wine. If he says, “Konam if I taste this wine”, and it falls into food, if it there is enough to impart taste [to the food] it is forbidden. He who vows [abstinence] from grapes is permitted wine; from olives, is permitted oil. If he says, “Konam if I taste these olives and grapes”, he is forbidden to eat them and that which comes out of them. ",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from dates is permitted date honey; From winter grapes, is permitted winter-grape vinegar. Rabbi Yehudah ben Beteira says: if the name of its origin is upon it, and he vows to abstain from it, he is forbidden [to benefit] from what comes from it. But the Sages permit it. ",
+ "He who vows [abstinence] from wine is permitted apple-wine; from oil, is permitted sesame oil; from honey, is permitted date honey; from vinegar, is permitted winter grape vinegar; from leeks, is permitted porrets; from vegetables, he is permitted field-vegetables, because it is an accompanying name.",
+ "[He who vows abstinence] from cabbage is forbidden asparagus; from asparagus, is permitted cabbage; From grits, is forbidden grits pottage; Rabbi Yose permits it; from grits pottage is permitted grits. From grits pottage, is forbidden garlic; Rabbi Yose permits it; from garlic, he is permitted grits pottage. From lentils, is forbidden lentil cakes; Rabbi Yose permits them; from lentil cakes, is permitted lentils. \"...If I eat wheat [or] wheats,” he is forbidden both flour and bread. “If I eat grit [or] grits,” he is forbidden both raw and cooked. Rabbi Yehudah says: “Konam, if I eat grits or wheat,” he may chew them raw. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from vegetables, is permitted gourds. Rabbi Akiva forbids them. They said to Rabbi Akiva: But does not one say to his messenger 'take for me a vegetable' and he says 'I did not find but gourds.' He said to them: so it is! Or maybe he could have said to him 'I did not find but legumes.' Rather, the gourds are in the category of vegetables and the legumes are not. And he is forbidden the moist Egyptian bean but permitted the dry. ",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from grain, is forbidden the dry Egyptian bean, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: he is only forbidden the five species. Rabbi Meir says, one who vows from produce, is only forbidden the five species. But one who vows from grain, is forbidden all, and permitted fruits of the tree and vegetables. ",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from a garment, is permitted sackcloth, a curtain, or a coarse blanket. One who says, \"Konam, for wool to be upon me,\" he is permitted to cover himself with wool shearings. \"...for flax to be upon me,\" he is permitted to cover himself in flax bundles. Rabbi Yehudah says, all goes according to the one who made the vow. If he carried [the wool and flax] and sweated and his odor is bad, and he said, \"Konam, wool and flax from being upon me,\" then he is permitted to cover himself in it but he is forbidden to carry it from behind himself. ",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from a house, he is permitted the upper story, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say, the upper story is included in the house. One who vows [abstinence] from the roof is permitted the house.",
+ "One who vows [abstinence] from a bed is permitted the footstool, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say, a footstool is included with the bed. If he vows [abstinence] from a footstool, he is permitted the bed. One who vows [abstinence] from a town, he may enter the town’s [Shabbat] border but may not enter its extension. But one who vows [not to benefit] from a house, is forbidden from the door-stop and inwards. ",
+ "\"Konam these fruits upon me,\" [or] \"They are konam for my mouth,\" [or] \"konam to my mouth,\" he is prohibited from [ones that were] switched [to replace the prohibited fruit] and from what grew from it [if this fruit was planted]. [If he swore \"this fruit is prohibited] that I [shouldn't] eat it\" or \"that I [shouldn't] taste it\" he is permitted to [eat fruit] that was switched [with it] or that was grown [from it], if it is a thing of which the seed decays [in the ground]. But if the seed does not decay, even growths of its growth are prohibited.",
+ "One who says to his wife, “Konam be the work of your hands to me,” or ”Konam be they for my mouth, or “Konam be they to my mouth”, he is forbidden that which is exchanged for them or grown from them. [If he says “Konam] if I eat or taste [of what they produce],” he is permitted [to benefit] from what is exchanged for them or what grows of them, if it is a thing of which the seed decays [in the ground]. But if the seed does not decay, even the growths of its growth are forbidden. ",
+ "\"[Konam] be that which you will produce, I will not eat from it until Pesach”, or “That which you will produce, I will not wear until Pesach”, if she produces it before Pesach he may eat or wear after Pesach. \"...that which you produce until Pesach I will not eat”, or “That which you produce until Pesach I will not wear”, if she produces before Pesach he may not eat or wear after Pesach. ",
+ "\"[Konam] be any benefit you have from me until Pesach, if you go to your father’s house before the festival [of Sukkot]”, if she goes before Pesach she may not benefit from him until Pesach; if she goes after Pesach [the vow] is subject to, “he shall not break his word” (Numbers 30:3). [If he says, “Konam] be any benefit you have from me until the festival [of Sukkot] if you go to your father’s house before Pesach”, if she goes before Pesach, she may not benefit from him until the festival [of Sukkot], but she is permitted to go after Pesach. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "[One who says] \"Konam, wine that I will taste today,\" it is only forbidden until it becomes dark. \"This week,\" he is forbidden the whole week, and Shabbat [belongs to the week] that passed. \"This month,\" he is forbidden the entire month, but Rosh Chodesh [belongs to the month] to come. \"This year,\" he is forbidden for the entire year, but Rosh Hashanah [belongs to the year] to come. \"This seven year cycle,\" he is forbidden for the entire seven year cycle, and the seventh year [belongs to the cycle] that passed. and if he says \"one day,\" \"one week,\"\"one month,\"\"one year,\"\"one seven year cycle,\" he is forbidden from day to day.",
+ "\"Until Passover,\" he is forbidden until it reaches Passover. \"Until it will be,\" he is forbidden until it passes. \"Until before Passover,\" Rabbi Meir says, he is forbidden until it reaches [Passover]. Rabbi Yosi says, he is forbidden until it passes.",
+ "\"Until the grain harvest,\" \"until the wine vintage,\" \"until the olive harvest,\" he is only forbidden until it reaches [these harvests]. This is the rule: Anything that has a set time and he says, \"until it reaches that time,\" he is forbidden until that time. If he says, \"until it will be,\" he is forbidden until it passes. And anything that does not have a set time, whether he says \"until it will be\" or whether he says \"until it reaches,\" he is only forbidden until it arrives.",
+ "\"Until the summer,\" \"until it will be the summer,\" until the people start to gather [figs] into baskets. \"Until the summer passes,\" until the mats [used for drying figs] are folded up. \"Until the grain harvest,\" until the nation begins to harvest wheat but not to harvest barley. All goes according to the place of his vow, if he was in a mountain, by [the harvest of] a mountain, if he was in a valley, by the valley. ",
+ "\"Until the rains,\" \"until there has been rain,\" until the second rain falls. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says, until it reaches the time of the second rain. \"Until the rain stops,\" until all of Nissan passes, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says, until Passover passes. \"Konam, wine that I will not taste this year;\" if they add on to the year, he is forbidden during the year and the extension. \"Until the beginning of Adar,\" until the beginning of Adar I. \"Until the end of Adar,\" until the end of Adar I. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"Konam, wine that I will not taste until it will be Passover,\" he only forbidden until the night of Passover, because he only intended until the time that it is the way of men to drink wine.",
+ "One who says, \"Konam, meat that I will not taste until it will be the fast (i.e. Yom Kippur), he is only forbidden until the night of the fast, because he only intended until the time that it is the way of people to eat meat. Rabbi Yosi his son says, \"Konam, garlic that I will not taste until it will be Shabbat, he is only forbidden until the night of Shabbat, because he only intended until the time when it is the way of men to eat garlic.",
+ "One who says to his friend, \"Konam, that I benefit from you if you don't come and take for your sons one cor of wheat and two barrels of wine.\" Behold this one is able to nullify his vow without a sage, and he will say to him, \"you only said this for my honor, and this is my honor [not to take from you]!\" And also one who says to his friend: \"Konam, that you benefit from me, if you don't come and give to my son one cor of wheat and two barrels of wine,\" Rabbi Meir says: he is forbidden, until he gives. The Sages say, even in this he is able to nullify his vow without a sage, and he will say to him,\"Behold it is like I already accepted it.\" If they were pressuring him to marry his sister's daughter, and he says, \"Konam, that she should benefit from me forever;\" so too, one who divorces his wife and says \"Konam, that my wife should benefit from me forever;\" these are both permitted to benefit from him because his intent was only towards marriage. If he was pressuring his friend to eat with him, and he says, \"Konam, into your house I shall not enter,\"\"A drop of cold water I will not taste from you,\" he is permitted to enter his house and taste cold water because his intent was only towards eating and drinking. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says, we give a person an opening [to a vow] by reference to the honor of their father and mother. The Sages forbid doing so. Rabbi Tzadok said, that rather than giving an opening through the honor of their father and mother, open with honor of God. [The Sages retort:] If so there would be no vows! The Sages agree to Rabbi Eliezer in a matter between him and his father and mother, that we may open with the honor of his father and mother. ",
+ "And furthermore Rabbi Eliezer said: They make an opening for a vow by reference to a new fact; but the Sages forbid it. How so? He said, “Konam that I will not benefit from so and so,” and he [the latter] then became a scribe, or was about to give his son in marriage, and he said, “Had I known that he would become a scribe or was about to give his son in marriage, I would not have vowed;” [Or if he said,] “Konam, is this house that I will not enter,” and it became a synagogue, and he declared, “Had I known that it would become a synagogue, I would not have vowed,”—Rabbi Eliezer permits [the vow to be released], but the Sages forbid it. ",
+ "Rabbi Meir says, there are things that are like a new fact but are not like a new fact, but the Sages didn't agree with him. How is this? He said \"Konam that I will not marry so and so because her father is wicked.\" They said to him, \"He [the father] died\" or \"he has repented [from his wicked ways].\" [He said:] \"Konam, is this house that I will not enter because the dog inside it is bad,\" or \"there is a snake inside it.\" They said to him, \"The dog has died\" or \"the snake was killed.\" These cases are like a new fact but not a new fact. But the Sages did not agree with him.",
+ "Further, Rabbi Meir said, we make an opening from verses in the Torah and say to him, \"If you had known that you would transgress (Leviticus 19:18) \"don't take revenge\" or \"don't bear a grudge\" and (Leviticus 19:17) \"don't hate your brother in your heart\" and (Leviticus 19:18) \"love your neighbor as yourself\" and (Leviticus 25:36) \"that your brother may live with you\" [because] maybe he will become poor and you will not be able to support him?\" And he responds \"Had I known that it is so, I would not have vowed,\" his vow is released.",
+ "They make an opening for a person by reference to a wife’s ketubah. And it once happened that a man vowed not to benefit from his wife and her ketubah amounted to four hundred denarii. He went before Rabbi Akiva, who ordered him to pay her the ketubah. He said to him, “Rabbi! My father left eight hundred denarii, of which my brother took four hundred and I took four hundred. Isn’t it enough that she should receive two hundred and I two hundred?” Rabbi Akiva replied: even if you have to sell the hair of your head you must pay her her ketubah. He said to him, “Had I known that it is so, I would not have vowed.” And Rabbi Akiva released his vow. ",
+ "They make openings by reference to the Shabbatot and festivals. At first they used to say: on those days the vow is cancelled, but for others it is forbidden, until Rabbi Akiva came and taught: a vow which is partially released is entirely released. ",
+ "How so? If one says, “Konam that I will not benefit from any of you,” if one of them was released, they are all released. \"That I will not benefit from this one or this one”: If the first was released, all are released; if the last one was released, he is released, but the rest are forbidden. If the middle person was released, those [mentioned] after him are [also] released, but those [mentioned] before him are forbidden. [If one says,] “That I will not benefit from this one [at the price of an] offering, and from this one [at the price of an] offering,” they each require a separate petach [an opening in a vow that enables annulment either due to improper or mistaken original intent, or indication that the person’s mind was unsettled at the time of making the vow]. ",
+ "“Konam that I will not drink wine, because wine is damaging to the stomach.” They said to him, “But isn't mature wine is beneficial to the stomach?” He is released in respect of mature wine, and not only in respect of mature wine, but of all wine. “Konam that I will not eat onions, because they are damaging to the heart.” They said to him, “But village onions are good for the heart,” He is released in respect of village onions, and not only in respect of village onions, but of all onions. Such a case happened, and Rabbi Meir permitted all onions. ",
+ "They open one’s vows [by reference] to his own honor and the honor of his children. They say to him, “Had you known that tomorrow they will say of you, ‘It is the regular habit of so-and-so to divorce his wives’; and concerning your daughters they will say, ‘They are the daughters of a divorced woman. What did their mother see in order to be divorced?’\" If he replies, “Had I known that it is so, I would not have vowed,” he is released. ",
+ "“Konam that I will not marry that ugly woman,” and she turns out to be beautiful; “That black-skinned woman,” and she turns out to be light-skinned; “That short woman,” and she turns out to be tall, he is permitted to marry her; not because she was ugly, and became beautiful, or black and became light-skinned, short and grew tall, but because the vow was in error. And it happened with one who vowed not to benefit from his sister’s daughter, and she was taken into Rabbi Ishmael’s house and they made her beautiful. Rabbi Ishmael said to him, “My son! Did you vow not to marry his one?” He said, “No,” and Rabbi Ishmael permitted her [to him]. In that hour Rabbi Ishmael wept and said, “The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty disfigures them.” And when Rabbi Ishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lament, saying, “Daughters of Israel weep for Rabbi Ishmael.” And thus it is said too of Saul, “Daughters of Israel, weep for Saul” (II Samuel 1:24). "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A betrothed young woman, her father and her betrothed husband annul her vows. If her father annulled [her vow] but not the husband, or if the husband annulled [it] but not the father, it is not annulled; and it goes without saying if one of them upheld [it]. ",
+ "If the father dies, his authority does not pass over to the husband. If the husband dies, his authority passes over to the father. In this respect, the father’s power is greater than the husband’s. But in another respect, the husband’s power is greater than that of the father, for the husband can annul [her vows] when she attains her majority but the father cannot annul her vows when she attains her majority. ",
+ "If she vowed as a betrothed woman, and then was divorced on that day and betrothed [again] on the same day, even a hundred times, her father and last betrothed husband can annul her vows. This is the general rule: as long as she has not passed out into her own domain for one hour, her father and last husband can annul her vows. ",
+ "It is the way of disciples of the sages, before the daughter of one of them departs from him, he says to her, “All the vows which you vowed in my house are annulled.” Likewise the husband, before she enters into his domain would say to her, “All the vows which you vowed before you entered my domain are annulled,” because once she enters into his domain he cannot annul them. ",
+ "A girl who has attained her majority who waited twelve months, or a widow [who waited] thirty days, — Rabbi Eliezer says: since her husband is responsible for her maintenance, he may annul [her vows]. But the Sages say: the husband cannot annul [her vows] until she enters into his domain. ",
+ "A woman waiting for levirate marriage whether from one or for two brothers-in-law: Rabbi Eliezer says: he can annul [her vows]. Rabbi Yehoshua says: [only if she waits] for one, but not for two. Rabbi Akiva says: neither for one nor for two. Rabbi Eliezer said: with a man whom he acquired for himself, he can annul her vows, for a woman bequeathed to him by Heaven is it not logical that he can break her vows! Rabbi Akiva said to him: No! If you speak of a woman whom he acquires for himself, that is because others have no rights in her; will you say [the same] of a woman given to him by Heaven, in whom others too have rights! Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Akiva, your words apply to two brothers-in-law; but what will you answer if there is only one brother-in-law? He said to him: the dead husband's wife is not as completely acquired to the brother-in-law as a betrothed girl is to her [betrothed] husband. ",
+ "One who says to his wife, “All vows which you vow from now until I return from such and such a place behold, they are upheld,” he has not said anything. \"[All vows which you may vow from now until I return from such and such a place], behold, they are annulled,”: Rabbi Eliezer says: they are annulled. The Sages say: they are not annulled. Said Rabbi Eliezer: if he can annul vows which have already had the force of a prohibition, surely he can annul those which have not had the force of prohibition! They said to him: behold, it is said, “Her husband may uphold it, and her husband may annul it” (Numbers 30:14), that which has entered the category of upholding, has entered the category of annulment; but that which has not entered the category of upholding, has not entered the category of annulment. ",
+ "The annulment of vows is the whole day. This may result in a stringency or in a leniency. How is this so? If she vowed on the eve of the Sabbath, he can annul on the eve of the Sabbath and on the Sabbath day until nightfall. If she vowed just before nightfall, he can annul only until nightfall: for if night fell and he had not annulled it, he can no longer annul it. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows which he can annul: vows which involve self-denial. “If I bathe” or “If I do not bathe;” “If I adorn myself,” or, “If I do not adorn myself.” Rabbi Yose said: these are not vows of self-denial. ",
+ "But these are vows of self-denial: If she says, “Konam be the produce of the [whole] world to me”, this he can annul. “[Konam be] the produce of this region to me,” he should bring to her from a different region. “[Konam be] the produce of this shopkeeper to me”, he cannot annul. But if he can obtain his sustenance only from him, he can annul, the words of Rabbi Yose. ",
+ "[If she vows], “Konam, that which I will not benefit from people,” he cannot annul, and she can benefit from gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the corners of the field. [If one says], “Konam be the benefit which priests and Levites have from me”, they can take [from him] against his will. \"These priests and Levites have from me,” other [priests and Levites] should take. ",
+ "[If she vows,] “Konam that which I will not do for my father,” [or] “your father,” [or] “my brother,” [or] “your brother,” [the husband] cannot annul it. \"That which I will not do for you,” he need not annul it. Rabbi Akiva says: he should annul it, lest she make more than is fitting for him. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: he should annul it, lest he divorce her and she be forbidden to him. ",
+ "If his wife vowed, and he thought that his daughter had vowed, or if his daughter vowed and he thought that his wife had vowed; If she took the vow of a Nazirite, and he thought that she had vowed by a korban, or if she vowed by a korban, and he thought that she vowed a Nazirite vow; If she vowed [to abstain] from figs, and he thought that she vowed [to abstain] from grapes, or if she vowed [to abstain] from grapes and he thought that she vowed from figs, he must annul [the vow] again. ",
+ "If she says, “Konam these figs and grapes which I will not taste”, and he upholds [the vow] in respect of figs, the whole [vow] is upheld; If he annuls it in respect of figs, it is not annulled, unless he annuls in respect of grapes too. If she says, “Konam the figs that I will not eat and these grapes that I will not eat”, they are two vows. ",
+ "“I knew that there were vows, but I did not know that they were vows that could be annulled”, he may annul them [now]. [But if he says:] “I knew that I could annul them, but I did not know that this was a vow,” Rabbi Meir says: he cannot annul it, But the Sages say: he can annul. ",
+ "If he is under a vow that his son-in-law shall not benefit from him, and he wants to give money to his daughter, he says to her, “This money is given to you as a gift, providing that your husband has no rights with it, [and it is only given to you] so that may put to your personal use.”",
+ "“But every vow of a widow and of a divorcee. . . shall be binding upon her” (Numbers 30:9). How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a Nazirite after thirty days”, even if she married within the thirty days, he cannot annul it. If she vows while in her husband’s domain, he can annul [the vow] for her. How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a Nazirite after thirty days,” even though she was widowed or divorced within the thirty days, it is annulled. If she vowed on one day, and he divorced her on the same day and took her back on the same day, he cannot annul it. This is the general rule: once she has gone into her own domain [even] for a single hour, he cannot annul. ",
+ "There are nine young girls whose vows stand: A girl who attained her majority who is an orphan; a young girl [who vowed] and [then] attained her majority who is an orphan; a young girl who has not yet attained her majority who is an orphan; a girl who attained her majority and whose father died; a young girl [who vowed, then] attained her majority and whose father died; a young girl who has not yet attained her majority and whose father died; a young girl whose father died, and after her father died she attained her majority; a girl who has attained her majority whose father is alive; a young girl who [vowed, then] attained her majority and whose father is alive. Rabbi Yehudah says: also one who married off his daughter while a minor, and she was widowed or divorced and returned to him [her father] and she is still a young girl. ",
+ "“Konam the benefit that I will not derive from my father or from your father if I make anything for you,” “the benefit that I will derive from you, if I make anything for my father or your father,” he can annul. ",
+ "At first they would say: three women must be divorced and receive their ketubah: She who says: “I am defiled to you”; “Heaven is between me and you”; “I have been removed from the Jews.” But subsequently they changed the ruling to prevent her from setting her eye on another and spoiling herself to her husband: Rather, she who says, “I am defiled unto you”—must bring proof of her words. “Heaven is between me and you”—they [shall appease them] by a request. “I have been removed from the Jews” — he [the husband] must annul his portion, and she may have relations with him, and she shall be removed from other Jews. "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..521040cf9006011042caf8f50066dbf4b14d3e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "ALLE UMSCHREIBUNGEN VON GELÜBDEFORMELN GLEICHEN DEN GELÜBDEFORMELN, VON BANNFORMELN DEN BANNFORMELN, VON EIDFORMELN DEN EIDFORMELN UND VON NAZIRFORMELN DEN NAZIRFORMELN. SPRICHT JEMAND ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN: ICH SEI DIR ABGELOBT, ICH SEI DIR ABGESONDERT, ICH SEI DIR ENTFERNT, DAS ICH DEINES ESSE, DAS ICH DEINES KOSTE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: ICH WILL FÜR DICH AUSGESTOSSEN SEIN, SO MEINT R. A͑QIBA HIERBEI ERSCHWEREND ZU ENTSCHEIDEN. SAGT JEMAND: WIE DAS GELOBTE DER FREVLER, SO IST DIES EIN GELÜBDE DES NAZIRATES, DES OPFERS UND DES EIDES. SAGT ER: WIE DAS GELOBTE DER REDLICHEN, SO HAT ER NICHTSGESAGT. WENN ABER: WIE IHR GESPENDETES, SO IST DIES EIN GELÜBDE DES NAZIRATES UND DES OPFERS.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, QONAḤ, QONAS, SO SIND ES UMSCHREIBUNGEN FÜR QORBAN’. WENN ḤEREQ, ḤEREKH, ḤEREPH, SO SIND ES UMSCHREIBUNGEN FÜR ḤEREM. WENN NAZIQ, NAZIḤ, PAZIḤ, SO SIND ES UMSCHREIBUNGEN FÜR NAZIR. WENN ŠEBUTHA, ŠEQUQA, ODER WENN JEMAND BEI MOHI GELOBT, SO SIND ES UMSCHREIBUNGEN FÜR ŠEBUA͑.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: NICHT SEI PROFAN, WAS ICH DEINESESSE, NICHT TAUGLICH, NICHT ERLAUBT, NICHT REIN, UNREIN, ÜBRIGGEBLIEBENES, VERWERFLICHES, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: WIE DAS LAMM, WIE DIE SCHUPPEN, WIE DAS HOLZ, WIE DIE FEUEROPFER, WIE DER ALTAR, WIE DER TEMPEL, WIE JERUŠALEM, ODER WENN ER BEI EINEM DER DIENSTGERÄTE DES ALTARS GELOBT, AUCH OHNE DAS WORT ‘OPFER’ ZU ERWÄHNEN, SO HAT ER BEIM OPFER GELOBT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WER ‘JERUŠALEM’ SAGT, HABE NICHTS GESAGT.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: OPFER, BRANDOPFER, SPEISOPFER, SÜNDOPFER, DANKOPFER, FRIEDENSOPFER SEI, WAS ICH DEINES ESSE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN; R. JEHUDA ERLAUBTES. SAGT ER: DAS OPFER, WIE OPFER, OPFER SEI, WAS ICH DEINES ESSE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: NIGHT OPFER, WAS ICH DEINES NICHT ESSE, SO IST ES IHM NACH R. MEÍR VERBOTEN.WENN JEMAND ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN SAGT: QONAM, WAS MEIN MUND MIT DIR SPRICHT, WAS MEINE HAND MIT DIR TUT, WAS MEIN FUSS MIT DIR GEHT, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "FOLGENDE GELÜBDE SIND ERLAUBT: WENN JEMAND SAGT: PROFANES, WAS ICH DEINES ESSE, WIE SCHWEINEFLEISCH, WIE GÖTZENWERK, WIE AUSGEHERZTE FELLE, WIE AAS, WIE TOTVERLETZTES, WIE EKELTIERE UND KRIECHTIERE, WIE DIE TEIGHEBE AHRONS UND SEINE HEBE, SO IST ES IHM ERLAUBT. WENN JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU SAGT: SEI MIR WIE MEINE MUTTER VERBOTEN, SO ÖFFNE MAN IHM EINEN AUSWEG VON ANDERER SEITE, DAMIT ER HIERBEI NICHT LEICHTFERTIG SEI. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, WENN ICH SCHLAFE, WENN ICH SPRECHE, WENN ICH GEHE, ODER SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU: QONAM, WENN ICH DIR BEIWOHNE, SO GILT HIERBEI:er soll sein Wort nicht entweihen. SAGT JEMAND: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT SCHLAFEN WERDE, NICHT SPRECHEN, NICHT GEHEN, SO IST ES IHMVERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: OPFER, WAS ICH DEINES NICHT ESSE, DIES OPFER, WAS ICH DEINES ESSE, NICHT OPFER, WAS ICH DEINES NICHT ESSE, SO IST ES IHM ERLAUBT. ii 2SAGT JEMAND: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH DEINES NICHT ESSE, DIESER SCHWUR, WENN ICH DEINES ESSE, KEIN SCHWUR, WENN ICH DEINES NICHT ESSE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. HIERIN IST ES BEI SCHWÜREN STRENGER ALS BEI GELÜBDEN; IN MANCHEM ABER IST ES BEI GELÜBDEN STRENGER ALS BEI SCHWÜREN, UND ZWAR: SAGT JEMAND: QONAM SEI DIE FESTHÜTTE, DIE ICH MACHEN, DER FESTSTRAUSS, DEN ICH NEHMEN, DIE TEPHILLIN, DIE ICH ANLEGEN SOLLTE, SO IST ES IHM, WENN ALS GELÜBDE, VERBOTEN, UND WENN ALS SCHWUR, ERLAUBT, WEIL MAN NICHT SCHWÖREN KANN, GEBOTE ZU ÜBERTRETEN.",
+ "ES GIBT EIN GELÜBDE IN EINEM GELÜBDE, NICHT ABER EINEN SCHWUR IN EINEM SCHWURE. UND ZWAR: WENN JEMAND SAGT: ICH WILL NAZIR SEIN, WENN ICH ESSE, ICH WILL NAZIR SEIN, WENN ICH ESSE, UND DARAUF ISST, SO IST ER DURCH JEDES GELÜBDE VERPFLICHTET; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSE, EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSE, UND DARAUF ISST, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG.",
+ "BEI UNBESTIMMTEN GELÜBDEN IST ZU ERSCHWEREN, BEI NÄHER BEZEICHNETEN ZU ERLEICHTERN. ZUM BEISPIEL: SAGT JEMAND: ESSEI MIR WIE GESALZENES FLEISCH, WIE GUSSOPFERWEIN, SO IST ES IHM, WENN ER SOLCHE FÜR GOTTMEINTE, VERBOTEN, UND WENN SOLCHE FÜR DEN GÖTZENDIENST, ERLAUBT; IST ES UNENTSCHIEDEN, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: ESSEI MIR WIE BANNGUT, SO IST ES IHM, WENN ER GOTT GEWEIHTES BANNGUT MEINTE, VERBOTEN, UND WENN DEN PRIESTERN GEWEIHTES BANNGUT, ERLAUBT; IST ES UNENTSCHIEDEN, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: ES SEI MIR WIE ZEHNT, SO IST ES IHM, WENN ER DEN VIEHZEHNTENMEINTE, VERBOTEN, UND WENN DEN VON DER TENNE, ERLAUBT; IST ES UNENTSCHIEDEN, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: ES SEI MIR WIE HEBE, SO IST ES IHM, WENN ER DIE HEBE DER TEMPELKAMMERMEINTE, VERBOTEN, UND WENN DIE DER TENNE, ERLAUBT; IST ES UNENTSCHIEDEN, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN – SO R. MEÍR. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN ‘HEBE’ SCHLECHTHIN, SEI ES IHM IN JUDÄA VERBOTEN UND IN GALILÄA ERLAUBT, WEIL DIE LEUTE VON GALILÄADIE HEBE DER TEMPELKAMMER NICHT KENNEN; WENN ‘BANNGUT’ SCHLECHTHIN, SEI ES IHM IN JUDÄA ERLAUBT UND IN GALILÄA VERBOTEN, WEIL DIE LEUTE VON GALILÄA PRIESTERN GEWEIHTES BANNGUT NICHT KENNEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND BEI ḤEREM BANN GELOBTHAT UND SAGT, ER HABE NUR EIN SEENETZ ḤEREM GEMEINT, ODER BEI QORBAN OPFER UND SAGT, ER HABE NUR EIN KÖNIGLICHES GESCHENK QORBAN GEMEINT, ODER ER GESAGT HAT: MEIN EÇEM EIGENE PERSON SEI OPFER, UND SAGT, ER HABE NUR DEN KNOCHEN EÇEM GEMEINT, DEN ER SICH HINGELEGT HAT, UM DAMITZU GELOBEN, ODER ER GESAGT HAT: QONAM SEI MIR DER GENUSS VON MEINER FRAU, UND SAGT, ER HABE NUR SEINE FRÜHERE FRAU GEMEINT, VON DER ER GESCHIEDEN IST, SO IST IN ALL DIESEN FÄLLEN NICHT NACHZUSUCHEN. WENN SIE NACHSUCHEN, SO BESTRAFE MAN SIE UND ENTSCHEIDE IHNEN ERSCHWEREND – SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, MAN ÖFFNE IHNEN EINEN AUSWEG VON ANDERER SEITE UND BELEHRE SIE, DAMIT SIE NICHT LEICHTFERTIG MIT GELÜBDEN UMGEHEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "VIER GELÖBNISSCHWÜRE ERKLÄRTEN DIE WEISEN FÜR AUFGELÖST: ANSPORNUNGSGELÜBDE, ÜBERTREIBUNGSGELÜBDE, IRRTÜMLICHE GELÜBDE UND ZWANGSGELÜBDE. WAS HEISST ANSPORNUNGSGELÜBDE? WENN JEMAND, DER EINE SACHE VERKAUFEN WILL, SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH DIR VON EINEM SELA͑ NICHTS NACHLASSE, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH DIR NICHT MEHR ALS EINEN ŠEQEL GEBE, SO SIND BEIDE MIT DREI DENAREN EINVERSTANDEN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, AUCHWENN JEMAND SEINEN NÄCHSTEN MIT EINEM GELÜBDE BELEGT, BEI IHM ZU ESSEN, SPRECHE ER: JEDES GELÜBDE, DAS ICH TUN WERDE, SEI NICHTIG; NUR MUSS ER BEIM GELOBEN DARAN DENKEN.",
+ "EIN ÜBERTREIBUNGSGELÜBDE IST ES, WENN JEMAND SAGT: QONAM, WENN ICH NICHT AUF DIESEM WEGE EINE MENGE WIE DIE AUSZÜGLER AUS MIÇRAJIM GESEHEN HABE, ODER: WENN ICH NICHT EINE SCHLANGE WIE EIN ÖLPRESSBALKEN GESEHEN HABE. IRRTÜMLICHE GELÜBDE SIND ES, WENN JEMAND SAGT: WENN ICH GEGESSENHABE, WENN ICH GETRUNKEN HABE, UND SICH ERINNERT, DASS ER GEGESSEN ODER GETRUNKENHAT, ODER JEMAND SAGT: OB ICH ESSEN WERDE, OB ICH TRINKEN WERDE, UND VERGESSENTLICH GEGESSEN ODER GETRUNKEN HAT. ODER JEMAND SAGT: QONAM SEI MIR DER GENUSS MEINER FRAU, DIE MIR MEINEN GELDBEUTEL GESTOHLEN HAT, DIE MEIN KIND GESCHLAGEN HAT, WORAUF SICH HERAUSSTELLT, DASS SIE ES NICHT GESCHLAGEN HAT, DASS SIE IHN NICHT GESTOHLEN HAT. WENN JEMAND, DER FREMDE SEINE FEIGEN ESSEN SIEHT, SAGT: SIE SOLLEN FÜR EUCH WIE OPFER GELTEN, WORAUF SICH HERAUSSTELLT, DASS ES SEIN VATER UND SEINE BRÜDER UND MIT IHNEN FREMDE WAREN, SO IST ES IHNEN, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, ERLAUBT UND DEN FREMDEN VERBOTEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, DIESEN UND JENEN ERLAUBT.",
+ "EIN ZWANGSGELÜBDE IST ES, WENN SEIN NÄCHSTER IHN MIT EINEM GELÜBDE BELEGT HAT, BEI IHM ZU ESSEN, UND ER ODER SEIN KIND ERKRANKT IST ODER EIN FLUSS IHN GEHINDERT HAT. DIES IST EIN ZWANGSGELÜBDE.",
+ "MAN DARF MÖRDERN, RÄUBERN UND ZÖLLNERN GELOBEN, DASS ESHEBE IST, AUCH WENN ES KEINE HEBE IST, DASS ES KÖNIGLICHES GUT IST, AUCH WENN ES KEIN KÖNIGLICHES GUT IST. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE BEI ALLEM GELOBEN, NUR NICHT MIT EINEM SCHWURE; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, AUCH MIT EINEM SCHWURE. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE IHMNICHT MIT EINEM GELÜBDE ZUVORKOMMEN, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE IHM AUCH ZUVORKOMMEN. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, ER GELOBE NUR DAS, WAS DIESER IHN ZU GELOBEN ZWINGT, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, AUCH DAS, WAS ER IHN NICHT ZU GELOBEN ZWINGT. ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN DIESER ZU IHM SAGT: SPRICH: QONAM SEI MIR DER GENUSS VON MEINER FRAU, UND ER SPRICHT: QONAM SEI MIR DER GENUSS VON MEINER FRAU UND MEINEN KINDERN, SO IST ES IHM, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, VON SEINER FRAU ERLAUBT UND VON SEINEN KINDERN VERBOTEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, VON DIESEN UND JENER ERLAUBT.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: DIESE PFLANZUNGEN SOLLEN OPFERGABE SEIN, WENN SIE NICHT GEBROCHEN WERDEN, DIESES GEWAND SOLL OPFERGABE SEIN, WENN ES NICHT VERBRANNT WIRD, SO GIBT ESFÜR SIE EINE AUSLÖSUNG; WENN ABER: DIESE PFLANZUNGEN SOLLEN OPFERGABEN SEIN, BIS SIE GEBROCHEN WERDEN, DIESES GEWAND SOLL OPFERGABE SEIN, BIS ES VERBRANNT WIRD, SO GIBT ES FÜR SIE KEINE AUSLÖSUNG.",
+ "WER SICH DEN GENUSS VON SEEFAHRERN ABGELOBT, DEM IST ER VON BEWOHNERN DES FESTLANDES ERLAUBT, UND WER VON BEWOHNERN DES FESTLANDES, DEM IST ER VON SEEFAHRERN VERBOTEN, DENN AUCH SEEFAHRER GEHÖREN ZU DEN BEWOHNERN DES FESTLANDES. DIES GILT NICHT VON SOLCHEN, DIE ZWISCHEN A͑KKO UND JAPHOVERKEHREN, SONDERN VON BERUFSMÄSSIGEN SEEFAHRERN.",
+ "WER SICH DEN GENUSS VON ‘SONNENSCHAUENDEN’ ABGELOBT, DEM IST ES AUCH VON BLINDEN VERBOTEN, DENN ER MEINTE, AUF DIE DIE SONNE SCHAUT.",
+ "WER SICH DEN GENUSS VON SCHWARZKÖPFIGEN ABGELOBT, DEM IST ER AUCH VON KAHLKÖPFIGEN UND GRAUHAARIGEN VERBOTEN, VON FRAUEN UND KINDERN ABER ERLAUBT, DENN NUR MÄNNER WERDEN SCHWARZKÖPFIGE GENANNT.",
+ "WER SICH DEN GENUSS VON ‘GEBORENEN’ ABGELOBT, DEM IST ER VON DENEN ERLAUBT, DIE ERST GEBOREN WERDEN; WER VON ‘GEBORENWERDENDEN’, DEM IST ER AUCH VON GEBORENEN VERBOTEN. R. MEÍR ERLAUBT ES IHM AUCH VON GEBORENEN; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DIESER MEINTE NUR GESCHÖPFE, DIE GEBOREN WERDEN.",
+ "WER SICH DEN GENUSS VON ‘ŠABBATHFEIERNDEN’ ABGELOBT, DEM IST ER VON JISRAÉLITEN UND VON SAMARITANERN VERBOTEN; WER VON ‘KNOBLAUCHESSERN’, DEM IST ER VON JISRAÉLITENUND SAMARITANERN VERBOTEN; WER VON ‘NACH JERUŠALEM ZIEHENDEN’, DEM IST ER VON JISRAÉLITEN VERBOTEN UND VON SAMARITANERN ERLAUBT.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH VON NOAḤIDEN NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VON JISRAÉLITEN ERLAUBT UND VON DEN WELTLICHEN VÖLKERN VERBOTEN.SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH VON DEN NACHKOMMEN ABRAHAMS NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VON JISRAÉLITEN VERBOTEN UND VON DEN WELTLICHEN VÖLKERN ERLAUBT. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH VON JISRAÉL NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, SO KAUFE ER ÜBER DEM WERTE UND VERKAUFE UNTER DEM WERTE. SAGT ER: DASS JISRAÉL NICHTS VON MIR GENIESSEN WIRD, SO KAUFE ER UNTER DEM WERTE UND VERKAUFE ÜBER DEM WERTE, WENN MAN AUF IHN HÖRT. SAGT ER: DASS ICH NICHTS VON IHNEN GENIESSEN WERDE UND SIE NICHTS VON MIR, SO GENIESSE ER VON DEN WELTLICHEN VÖLKERN. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH VON UNBESCHNITTENEN NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VON UNBESCHNITTENEN JISRAÉLITEN ERLAUBT UND VON BESCHNITTENEN DER WELTLICHEN VÖLKER VERBOTEN; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH VON BESCHNITTENEN NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VON UNBESCHNITTENEN JISRAÉLITEN VERBOTEN UND VON BESCHNITTENEN DER WELTLICHEN VÖLKER ERLAUBT. ‘UNBESCHNITTENE’ HEISSEN NUR DIE NICHTJUDEN, WIE ES HEISST:denn alle Völker sind unbeschnitten, und das ganze Haus Jisraél ist unbeschnittenen Herzens. FERNER HEISST ES: dieser unbeschnittene Pelišti da. FERNER HEISST ES:es könnten sich freuen die Töchter der Pelištim, frohlocken die Töchter der Unbeschnittenen. R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA SAGTE: WIE WIDERWÄRTIG IST DIE UNBESCHNITTENHEIT, DASS DIE FREVLER DAMIT GESCHMÄHT WERDEN, WIE ES HEISST: denn alle Völker sind unbeschnitten. R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SAGTE: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DASS DARÜBER DREIZEHN BÜNDNISSEGESCHLOSSEN WORDEN SIND. R. JOSE SAGTE: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DASS SIE SOGAR DEN STRENGEN ŠABBATHVERDRÄNGT. R. JEHOŠUA͑ B. QORḤA SAGTE: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DASS IHRETHALBEN DEM GERECHTEN MOŠE NICHT EINMAL EINE STUNDE AUFSCHUB GEWÄHRT WURDE. R. NEḤEMJA SAGTE: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DASS SIE SOGAR DAS GESETZ ÜBER DEN AUSSATZVERDRÄNGT. RABBI SAGTE: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DASS UNSER VATER ABRAHAM, TROTZ ALLER GEBOTE, DIE ER AUSGEÜBT, NICHT EHER ‘VOLLKOMMEN’ GENANNT WURDE, ALS BIS ER SICH BESCHNITTEN HATTE, WIE ES HEISST:wandle vor mir und sei vollkommen. EINE ANDERE AUSLEGUNG: BEDEUTEND IST DIE BESCHNEIDUNG, DENN WENN NICHT SIE, WÜRDE DER HEILIGE, GEPRIESEN SEI ER, SEINE WELT NICHT ERSCHAFFEN HABEN, WIE ES HEISST:so spricht der Herr: wenn nicht mein Bund bei Tage und bei Nacht, würde ich die Gesetze des Himmels und der Erde nicht gemacht haben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ZWISCHEN DEM, DEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST, UND DEM, DEM NUR DIE SPEISE ABGELOBT IST, BESTEHT KEIN ANDERER UNTERSCHIED ALS DER ZUTRITT UND DIE BENUTZUNG VON GERÄTEN, DIE NICHT ZUR ZUBEREITUNG VON LEBENSMITTELN VERWENDET WERDEN. WENN EINEM VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN DIE SPEISE ABGELOBT IST, SO DARF ER IHM SCHWINGE, SIEB, MÜHLE UND BACKOFEN NICHT LEIHEN, WOHL ABER DARF ER IHM HEMD, RING, GEWAND UND OHRRINGE LEIHEN. EBENSO ALLES ANDERE, WAS NICHT ZUR ZUBEREITUNG VON LEBENSMITTELN DIENT. IN ORTEN, WO DERGLEICHEN VERMIETET WIRD, IST ES VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST, SO DARF DIESER FÜR IHN DEN ŠEQEL ENTRICHTEN, SEINE SCHULD BEZAHLEN UND IHM EINE VERLORENE SACHE WIEDERBRINGEN. IN ORTEN, WO MAN DAFÜR EINE BELOHNUNG ERHÄLT, FÄLLT DER NUTZEN DEM HEILIGTUME ZU.",
+ "FERNER DARF ER AUF SEINEN WUNSCH FÜR IHN DIE HEBE UND DEN ZEHNTENABSONDERN, DIE VOGELOPFER EINES FLUSSBEHAFTETEN MANNES ODER EINER FLUSSBEHAFTETEN FRAU, DAS VOGELOPFER EINER WÖCHNERIN, sOWIE SÜNDOPFER UND SCHULDOPFER DARBRINGEN. EBENSO DARF ER IHN MIDRAŠ, HALAKHA UND AGADA LEHREN. JEDOCH NICHT DIE SCHRIFT; WOHL ABER DARF ER SEINE SÖHNE UND TÖCHTER DIE SCHRIFT LEHREN. FERNER DARF ER SEINE FRAU UND SEINE KINDER VERPFLEGEN, OBGLEICH JENER ZU IHRER VERPFLEGUNG VERPFLICHTETIST; JEDOCH DARF ER SEIN VIEHNICHT FÜTTERN, OB EIN REINES ODER EIN UNREINES. R. ELIÉZER SAGT, ER DÜRFE DAS UNREINE FÜTTERN, NIGHT ABER DAS REINE. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: WELCHEN UNTERSCHIED GIBT ES ZWISCHEN EINEM UNREINEN UND EINEM REINEN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: VON EINEM REINEN GEHÖRT DIE SEELE DEM HIMMEL UND DER KÖRPER IHM, VON EINEM UNREINEN GEHÖREN SEELE UND KÖRPER DEM HIMMEL. JENE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: AUCH VON EINEM UNREINEN GEHÖRT DIE SEELE DEM HIMMEL UND DER KÖRPER IHM, DENN WENN ER WILL, KANN ER ES AN NICHTJUDEN VERKAUFEN ODER HUNDEN ZUM FRESSEN GEBEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST UND ER IHM EINEN KRANKENBESUCH MACHT, SO DARF ER BEI IHM STEHEN UND NICHT SITZEN; ER DARF IHM EINE SEELISCHE HEILUNG ANGEDEIHEN LASSEN, ABER KEINE GELDLICHE HEILUNG. ER DARF MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN IN EINER GROSSEN WANNE BADEN, NICHT ABER IN EINER KLEINEN; AUCH DARF ER MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN IN EINEM BETTE SCHLAFEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, NUR IM SOMMER, NICHT ABER IN DER REGENZEIT, WEIL ER IHM EINE ANNEHMLICHKEIT BEREITET. FERNER DARF ER MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN AN EINEM LAGER LEHNEN UND MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN AN EINEM TISCHE ESSEN, JEDOCH NICHT AUS DERSELBEN SCHÜSSEL; WOHL ABER AUS EINER HERUMGEREICHTEN SCHÜSSEL. ER DARF NICHT MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN AUS DEMSELBEN KÜBEL ESSEN, DER VOR DEN TAGELÖHNERN STEHT, AUCH NICHT MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN AN EINER FELDREIHE ARBEITEN – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ER DÜRFE MIT IHM ZUSAMMEN ARBEITEN, JEDOCH ETWAS ENTFERNT.",
+ "WENN EINEM VOR DEM SIEBENTJAHREDER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT WORDEN IST, SO DARF ERSEIN FELD NICHT BETRETEN, AUCH NICHT VON DEN ÜBERRAGENDEN FRÜCHTENESSEN, WENN ABER IM SIEBENTJAHRE, SO DARF ER SEIN FELD NICHT BETRETEN, JEDOCH DARF ER VON DEN ÜBERRAGENDEN FRÜCHTENESSEN. IST IHM VOR DEM SIEBENTJAHRE DIE SPEISE ABGELOBT WORDEN, SO DARF ER SEIN FELD BETRETEN, JEDOCH NICHT VON DEN FRÜCHTEN ESSEN; WENN ABER IM SIEBENTJAHRE, SO DARF ER ES BETRETEN UND VON DEN FRÜCHTEN ESSEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST, SO DARF ER IHM NICHTS LEIHEN NOCH VON IHM LEIHEN, IHM KEIN GELD BORGEN NOCH VON IHM BORGEN, IHM NICHTS VERKAUFEN NOCH VON IHM KAUFEN.WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: LEIHE MIR DEINE KUH, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: SIE IST NICHT FREI, WORAUF JENER SAGT: QONAM SEI MIR DAS FELD, WENN ICH JE MIT IHR PFLÜGE, SO IST ES, WENN ER SELBER ZU PFLÜGEN PFLEGT, IHM VERBOTEN UND JEDEM ANDERENERLAUBT, UND WENN ER NICHT SELBER ZU PFLÜGEN PFLEGT, IHM UND JEDEM ANDEREN VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST UND ER NICHTS ZU ESSEN HAT, SO GEHE DIESER ZUM KRÄMER UND SPRECHE ZU IHM: JENEM IST DER GENUSS VON MIR ABGELOBT, UND ICH WEISS NICHT, WIEICH IHM HELFEN SOLL. ER KANN DANN JENEM GEBEN UND VON DIESEM ZAHLUNG NEHMEN. WENN SEIN HAUS AUFZURICHTEN, SEIN ZAUN HERZUSTELLEN UND SEIN FELD ZU ERNTEN IST, SO GEHE DIESER ZU DEN LOHNARBEITERN UND SPRECHE ZU IHNEN: JENEM IST DER GENUSS VON MIR ABGELOBT, UND ICH WEISS NICHT, WIE ICH IHM HELFEN SOLL. SIE KÖNNEN DANN BEI JENEM DIE ARBEIT VERRICHTEN UND IHREN LOHN VON DIESEM NEHMEN.",
+ "WENN SIE ZUSAMMEN UNTERWEGS SIND UND JENER NICHTS ZU ESSEN HAT, SO GEBE ER ES SCHENKUNGSWEISE EINEM ANDEREN, SODANN IST ES DIESEM ERLAUBT; IST NIEMAND MIT IHNEN, SO LEGE ER ES AUF EINEN FELSBLOCK ODER AUF EINE MAUER UND SPRECHE: DIES SEI JEDEM, DER ES WÜNSCHT, PREISGEGEBEN, SODANN KANN JENER ES NEHMEN UND ESSEN; R. JOSE VERBIETET DIES."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN TEILHABER SICH DEN GENUSS VON EINANDER ABGELOBEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE DEN GEMEINSAMEN HOF NICHT BETRETEN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, DER EINE BETRETE DAS SEINE UND DER ANDERE BETRETE DAS SEINE; BEIDEN IST ES VERBOTEN, DA EINE MÜHLE ODER EINEN OFEN AUFZUSTELLEN ODER HÜHNER ZU HALTEN. IST EINEM VON IHNEN DER GENUSS VOM ANDEREN ABGELOBT, SO DARF ER DEN HOF NICHT BETRETEN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, ER KÖNNE ZUM ANDEREN SAGEN: ICH BETRETE DAS MEINE UND NICHT DAS DEINE. MAN ZWINGE DEN GELOBENDEN, SEINEN TEIL ZU VERKAUFEN.",
+ "IST EINEM FREMDEN VON DER STRASSE VON EINEM VON IHNEN DER GENUSS ABGELOBT, SO DARF ER DEN HOF NICHT BETRETEN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, ER KÖNNE ZU IHM SAGEN: ICH BETRETE DEN TEIL DEINES NÄCHSTEN UND NICHT DEINEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT IST UND DIESER IN DER STADT EIN BAD ODER EINE KELTER HAT, DIE VERPACHTET SIND, SO IST JENEM DIE BENUTZUNG, WENN DIESER NOCH EIN ANRECHT DARAUF HAT, VERBOTEN, UND WENN ER KEIN ANRECHT DARAUF HAT, ERLAUBT. SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN: QONAM SEI MIR DEIN HAUS, WENN ICH ES BETRETE, DEIN FELD, WENN ICH ES KAUFE, SO IST ES IHM, WENN DIESER STIRBT ODER ES EINEM ANDEREN VERKAUFT, ERLAUBT; WENN ABER: QONAM SEI MIR DIESES HAUS, WENN ICH ES BETRETE, DIESES FELD, WENN ICH ES KAUFE, SO IST ES IHM, WENN DIESER STIRBT ODER ES EINEM ANDEREN VERKAUFT, VERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU EINEM: ‘ICH SEI DIR BANNGUT’, SO IST ES DEM LOBTEN VERBOTEN; SAGT ER: ‘SEI DU MIR BANNGUT’, SO IST ES DEM GELOBENDEN VERBOTEN; SAGT ER: ICH DIR UND DU MIR, SO IST ES BEIDEN VERBOTEN. BEIDEN IST DIE BENUTZUNG VON DINGEN, DIE DEN AUSZÜGLERN GEHÖREN, ERLAUBT, UND VON DINGEN, DIE DEN BÜRGERN DIESER STADT GEHÖREN, VERBOTEN.",
+ "WELCHES SIND DINGE, DIE DEN AÜSZÜGLERN AUS BABYLONIEN GEHÖREN? BEISPIELSWEISE DER TEMPELBERG, DIE TEMPEL-VORHÖFE UND DIE ZISTERNEIN DER MITTE DES WEGES. WELCHES SIND DINGE, DIE DEN BÜRGERN DER STADT GEHÖREN? BEISPIELSWEISE DER MARKTPLATZ, DAS BAD, DAS BETHAUS, DIE LADEUND DIE BÜCHER. WER SEINEN ANTEIL DEM FÜRSTEN VERSCHREIBT. R. JEHUDA SAGT: EINERLEI OB MAN IHN DEM FÜRSTEN VERSCHREIBT ODER EINEM GEMEINEN. EIN UNTERSCHIED ZWISCHEN DEM, DER IHN DEM FÜRSTEN VERSCHREIBT, UND DEM, DER IHN EINEM GEMEINEN VERSCHREIBT, BESTEHT NUR DARIN: WER IHN DEM FÜRSTEN VERSCHREIBT, BRAUCHT IHN IHM NICHT ZUZUEIGNEN, UND WER EINEM GEMEINEN, MUSS IHN IHM ZUEIGNEN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DER EINE WIE DER ANDERE BENÖTIGE DER ZUEIGNUNG, UND NUR DESHALB SPRECHEN SIE VOM FÜRSTEN, WEIL DIES DAS GEWÖHNLICHE IST. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DIE LEUTE VON GALILÄA BRAUCHEN IHN NICHT ERST ZU VERSCHREIBEN, DENN BEREITS HABEN IHRE VORFAHREN IHN FÜR SIE VERSCHRIEBEN.",
+ "WENN EINEM DER GENUSS VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN ABGELOBT 1ST UND ER NICHTS ZU ESSEN HAT, SO GEBE DIESER EINEM ANDEREN ETWAS SCHENKUNGSWEISE, SODANN IST ES JENEM ERLAUBT. EINST EREIGNETE ES SICH IN BETH ḤORON, DASS JEMAND, DER SEINEM VATER DEN GENUSS VON IHM ABGELOBT HATTE, ALS ER SEINEN SOHN VERHEIRATETE, ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN SPRACH: HOF UND GASTMAHL SEIEN DIR GESCHENKT, NUR DAMIT MEIN VATER KOMME UND MIT UNS AM GASTMAHLE TEILNEHME. DA SPRACH DIESER: WENN SIE MEIN SIND, SO SOLLEN SIE DEM HIMMEL GEWEIHT SEIN. JENER ERWIDERTE: HABE ICH DIR MEINES ETWA DAZU GEGEBEN, DAMIT DU ES DEM HIMMEL WEIHEST? DIESER ENTGEGNETE: DU HAST MIR WOHL DEINES DESHALB GEGEBEN, DAMIT DU UND DEIN VATER ZUSAMMEN ESSEN UND TRINKEN UND IHR EUCH MIT EINANDER AUSSÖHNEN KÖNNET UND DIE SÜNDE AUF MEINEMHAUPTE RUHE! HIERAUF SAGTEN DIE WEISEN: JEDE SCHENKUNG, DIE NICHT DERART IST, DASS, WENN MAN SIE HEILIGT, SIE HEILIG IST, GILT NICHT ALS SCHENKUNG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WER SICH GEKOCHTES ABGELOBT, DEM SIND GEBRATENES UND GESOTTENES ERLAUBT. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH KEIN GEKOCHTES GERICHT ESSEN WERDE, SO IST IHM DIE DÜNNE TOPFSPEISE VERBOTEN UND DIE DICKE ERLAUBT; FERNER IST IHM DAS SCHLUCK EI UND DER ASCHENKÜRBIS ERLAUBT. WER SICH TOPFGERICHTE ABGELOBT, DEM IST NUR DAS BRODELNDE VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHT KOSTEN WERDE, WAS IN DEN TOPF KOMMT, SO IST IHM ALLES VERBOTEN, WAS IM TOPFE GEKOCHT WIRD.",
+ "WER SICH TOPFGERICHTE ABGELOBT, DEM IST NUR DAS BRODELNDE VERBOTEN. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHT KOSTEN WERDE, WAS IN DEN TOPF KOMMT, SO IST IHM ALLES VERBOTEN, WAS IM TOPFE ZUBEREITET WIRD.",
+ "WER SICH GEBRATENES ABGELOBT, DEM IST NUR DAS GEBRATENE FLEISCH VERBOTEN – SO R. JEHUDA; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHTS GEBRATENES KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST IHM ALLES GEBRATENE VERBOTEN. WER SICH EINGESALZENES ABGELOBT, DEM IST NUR DER EINGESALZENE FISCH VERBOTEN; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHTS EINGESALZENES KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST IHM ALLES EINGESALZENE VERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH FISCH UND FISCHENICHT KOSTEN WERDE, SO SIND IHM ALLE VERBOTEN, OB GROSSE ODER KLEINE, OB GESALZENE ODER UNGESALZENE, OB ROHE ODER GEKOCHTE, JEDOCH SIND IHM DER ZERHACKTE TERITH UND DIE FISCHLAKE ERLAUBT. WER SICH DEN FISCHSALAT ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER ZERHACKTE TERITH VERBOTEN UND DIE FISCHLAKE UND DIE FISCHTUNKE ERLAUBT; WER SICH DEN ZERHACKTEN TERITH ABGELOBT, DEM SIND DIE FISCHLAKE UND DIE FISCHTUNKE VERBOTEN.",
+ "WER SICH MILCH ABGELOBT, DEM IST MOLKE ERLAUBT, R. JOSE VERBIETET SIE; WER MOLKE, DEM IST MILCH ERLAUBT. ABBA ŠAÚL SAGT, WER SICH DEN KÄSE ABGELOBT, DEM SEI ER OB GESALZEN ODER UNGESALZEN VERBOTEN.",
+ "WER SICH DAS FLEISCH ABGELOBT, DEM SIND BRÜHE UND GALLERT ERLAUBT; R. JEHUDA VERBIETET SIE. R. JEHUDA SPRACH: EINST VERBOT UNS R. TRYPHON SOGAR EIER, DIE DAMITGEKOCHT WAREN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: DIES STIMMT, ABER NUR DANN, WENN MAN SAGT: DIESES FLEISCHSEI MIR VERBOTEN, DENN, WENN JEMAND SICH ETWAS ABGELOBT UND ANDERES DAMIT VERMISCHT WIRD, SO IST ES IHM, WENN EIN GESCHMACK ÜBERTRAGEN WIRD, VERBOTEN.",
+ "WER SICH DEN WEIN ABGELOBT, DEM IST DAS GERICHT, IN DEM WEINGESCHMACK IST, ERLAUBT; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH DIESEN WEIN NICHT KOSTE, UND KOMMT DIESER IN EIN GERICHT, SO IST ES IHM, WENN EIN GESCHMACK ÜBERTRAGEN WIRD, VERBOTEN. WER SICH TRAUBEN ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER WEIN ERLAUBT, WER OLIVEN, DEM IST DAS ÖL ERLAUBT; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH DIESE OILVEN ODER TRAUBEN NICHT KOSTE, SO SIND IHM DIESE VERBOTEN UND DAS, WAS DARAUS GEWONNEN WIRD.",
+ "WER SICH DATTELN ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER DATTELHONIG ERLAUBT, WER WINTERTRAUBEN, DEM IST DER WINTERTRAUBENESSIG ERLAUBT. R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA SAGT, BEI ALLEM, WAS DEN NAMEN DES URSPRUNGS FÜHRT, DEN ER SICH ABGELOBT, SEI IHM AUCH DAS VERBOTEN, WAS DARAUS HERVORGEHT; DIE WEISEN ERLAUBEN ES.",
+ "WER SICH WEIN ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER APFELWEIN ERLAUBT; WER ÖL, DEM IST DAS SESAMÖL ERLAUBT; WER HONIG, DEM IST DER DATTELHONIG ERLAUBT; WER ESSIG, DEM IST DER WINTERTRAUBENESSIG ERLAUBT; WER LAUCH, DEM IST KOPFLAUCH ERLAUBT; WER KRAUT, DEM SIND FELDKRÄUTER ERLAUBT, WEIL DIES EIN BEINAMEIST.",
+ "WER SICH KOHL ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER SPARGEL VERBOTEN, WER SPARGEL, DEM IST DER KOHL ERLAUBT; WER GRAUPEN, DEM IST DER BREI VERBOTEN, NACH R. JOSE ERLAUBT; WER BREI, DEM SEND GRAUPEN ERLAUBT; WER BREI, DEM IST DER KNOBLAUCHVERBOTEN, NACH R. JOSE ERLAUBT; WER KNOBLAUCH, DEM IST DER BREI ERLAUBT; WER LINSEN, DEM IST DER LINSENKUCHEN VERBOTEN, NACH R. JOSE ERLAUBT; WER LINSENKUCHEN, DEM SIND LINSEN ERLAUBT. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHT WEIZEN UND WEIZENKÖRNER KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN, OB MEHL ODER BROT. SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH GRAUPEN UND GRAUPENKÖRNER NICHT KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN, OB ROH ODER GEKOCHT. R. JEHUDA SAGTE: SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH GRAUPEN, ODER WEIZEN, NICHT KOSTEN AVERDE, SO DARF ER SIE ROH KAUEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WER sich KRAUT ABGELOBT, DEM SIND KÜRBISSE ERLAUBT, NACH R. A͑QIBA VERBOTEN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU R. A͑QIBA: ES KOMMT JA VOR, DASS JEMAND ZU SEINEM BEAUFTRAGTEN SPRICHT: HOLE MIR KRAUT, UND DIESER ERWIDERT: ICH HABE NUR KÜRBISSE GEFUNDEN. DIESER ERWIDERTE: EBEN DESHALB; ERWIDERT ER ETWA: ICH HABE NUR HÜLSENFRÜCHTE GEFUNDEN!? ALSO SIND KÜRBISSE UNTER KRAUT EINBEGRIFFEN, UND HÜLSENFRÜCHTE NICHT UNTER KRAUT EINBEGRIFFEN. FERNER SIND IHM FRISCHE ÄGYPTISCHE BOHNEN VERBOTEN UND GETROCKNETE ERLAUBT.",
+ "WER SICH KORN ABGELOBT, DEM SIND GETROCKNETE ÄGYPTISCHE BOHNEN VERBOTEN – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NUR DIE FÜNF GETREIDEARTENSEIEN IHM VERBOTEN. R. MEÍR SAGTE: WER SICH GETREIDE ABGELOBT, DEM SIND NUR DIE FÜNF ARTEN VERBOTEN, WER SICH ABER KORN ABGELOBT, DEM IST ALLES VERBOTEN, UND NUR BAUMFRÜCHTE UND KRAUT ERLAUBT.",
+ "WER SICH KLEIDUNG ABGELOBT, DEM SIND SACKGEWAND, UMSCHLAGETUCH UND ÜBERWURF ERLAUBT. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM SEI MIR DIE WOLLE, DIE AUF MICH KOMMT, SO DARF ER SICH MIT SCHURWOLLE BEDECKEN; SAGT ER: DER FLACHS, DER AUF MICH KOMMT, SO DARF ER SICH MIT FLACHSBÜNDELN BEDECKEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, ALLES NACH DEM GELOBENDEN: WENN EINEM, DER BELADENIST UND SCHWITZT, DER GERUCH LÄSTIG WIRD UND ER SAGT: QONAM SEIEN MIR WOLLE UND FLACHS, DIE AUF MICH KOMMEN, SO DARF ER SICH DAMIT BEDECKEN, SIE ABER NICHT ÜBER DEN RÜCKEN WERFEN.",
+ "WER SICH DAS HAUS ABGELOBT, DEM IST DER SÖLLER ERLAUBT – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DER SÖLLER SEI UNTER HAUS EINBEGRIFFEN. WER SICH DEN SÖLLER ABGELOBT, DEM IST DAS HAUS ERLAUBT.",
+ "WER SICH DAS BETT ABGELOBT, DEM IST DAS DARGEŠERLAUBT – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS DARGEŠ SEI UNTER BETT EINBEGRIFFEN. WER SICH DAS DARGEŠ ABGELOBT, DEM IST DAS BETT ERLAUBT. WER SICH DIE STADT ABGELOBT, DARF DAS STADTGEBIETBETRETEN, JEDOCH NICHT DAS WEICHBILD;WER SICH ABER DAS HAUS ABGELOBT, DEM IST ES NUR VON DER TÜRFUGE EINWÄRTSVERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: QONAM SEIEN MIR DIESE FRÜCHTE, QONAM SEIEN SIE FÜR MEINEN MUND, QONAM SEIEN SIE MEINEM MUNDE, SO SIND IHM IHR EINGETAUSCHTESUND IHRE ERZEUGNISSEVERBOTEN; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH SIE NICHT ESSE, DASS ICH SIE NICHT KOSTE, SO SIND IHM IHR EINGETAUSCHTES UND IHRE ERZEUGNISSE ERLAUBT. DIES NUR BEI DINGEN, DEREN SAAT IN DER ERDE ZERGEHT, BEI DINGEN ABER, DEREN SAAT IN DER ERDE NICHT ZERGEHT, SIND IHM SOGAR DIE ERZEUGNISSE DER ERZEUGNISSE VERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU: QONAM SEI MIR DEINER HÄNDE ARBEIT, QONAM SEI SIE FÜR MEINEN MUND, QONAM SEI SIE MEINEM MUNDE, SO SIND IHM IHR EINGETAUSCHTES UND IHRE ERZEUGNISSEVERBOTEN, SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH SIE NICHT ESSE, DASS ICH SIE NICHT KOSTE, SO SIND IHM IHR EINGETAUSCHTES UND IHRE ERZEUGNISSE ERLAUBT. DIES NUR BEI DINGEN, DEREN SAAT IN DER ERDE ZERGEHT, BEI DINGEN ABER, DEREN SAAT IN DER ERDE NICHT ZERGEHT, SIND IHM SOGAR DIE ERZEUGNISSE DER ERZEUGNISSE VERBOTEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU: QONAM, DASS ICH BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE NICHT ESSE, WAS DU BEREITEST, DASS ICH BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE NICHT ANZIEHE, WAS DU FERTIGST, SO DARF ER NACH DEM PESAḤFESTE ESSEN ODER ANZIEHEN, WAS SIE VOR DEM PESAḤFESTE GEMACHT HAT; SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHT ESSE, WAS DU BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE BEREITEST, DASS ICH NICHT ANZIEHE, WAS DU BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE FERTIGST, SO DARF ER NACH DEM PESAḤFESTE NICHT ESSEN UND NICHT ANZIEHEN, WAS SIE VOR DEM PESAḤFESTE GEMACHT HAT.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU: QONAM SEI, WAS DU VON MIR BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE GENIESSEST, WENN DU VOR DEM HÜTTENFESTEIN DAS HAUS DEINES VATERS GEHST, SO IST IHR, WENN SIE VOR DEM PESAḤFESTE GEGANGEN IST, DER GENUSS VON IHM BIS ZUM PESAḤFESTE VERBOTEN; GEHT SIE NACH DEM PESAḤFESTE, SO ÜBERTRITT SIE DAS VERBOT, SEIN WORT ZU ENTWEIHEN. SAGT ER: QONAM SEI, WAS DU VON MIR BIS ZUM HÜTTENFESTE GENIESSEST, WENN DU VOR DEM PESAḤFESTE IN DAS HAUS DEINES VATERS GEHST, SO IST IHR, WENN SIE VOR DEM PESAḤFESTE GEGANGEN IST, DER GENUSS VON IHM BIS ZUM HÜTTENFESTE VERBOTEN, UND NACH DEM PESAḤFESTE DARF SIE GEHEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH DIESEN TAG KEINEN WEIN KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST ER IHM VERBOTEN NUR BIS ES FINSTER WIRD. SAGT ER: DIESE WOCHE, SO IST ER IHM DIE GANZE WOCHE VERBOTEN, UND DER ŠABBATH GEHÖRT ZUR VERGANGENEN. SAGT ER: DIESEN MONAT, SO IST ER IHM DEN GANZEN MONAT VERBOTEN, UND DER NEUMOND GEHÖRT ZUM KOMMENDEN. SAGT ER: DIESES JAHR, SO IST ER IHM DAS GANZE JAHR VERBOTEN, UND DER NEUJAHRSTAG GEHÖRT ZUM KOMMENDEN. SAGT ER: DIESES SEPTENNIUM, SO IST ER IHM DAS GANZE SEPTENNIUM VERBOTEN, UND DAS SIEBENTJAHR GEHÖRT ZUM VERGANGENEN. SAGT ER ABER: EINEN TAG, EINE WOCHE, EINEN MONAT, EIN JAHR, EIN SEPTENNIUM, SO IST ER IHM VON TAGESZEIT BIS ZUR GLEICHEN TAGESZEITVERBOTEN. SAGT ER: BIS ZUM PESAḤ, SO IST ER IHM VERBOTEN, BIS DIESES HERANREICHT.",
+ "SAGT ER: BIS ES PESAḤ IST, SO IST ER IHM VERBOTEN, BIS ES ZUENDE IST; SAGT ER: BIS DAS PESAḤ ZUGEGEN IST, SO IST ER IHM VERBOTEN, WIE R. MEÍR SAGT, BIS ES HERANREICHT, UND WIE R. JOSE SAGT, BIS ES ZUENDE IST.",
+ "SAGT ER: BIS ZUR ERNTE, BIS ZUR WEINLESE, BIS ZUR OLIVENLESE, SO IST ER IHM VERBOTEN NUR BIS DIESE HERANREICHT. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WENN FÜR ETWAS EINE ZEIT FESTGESETZT IST UND ER GESAGT HAT: BIS SIE HERANREICHT, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN, BIS SIE HERANREICHT, UND WENN ER GESAGT HAT: BIS SIE IST, SO IST ES IHM VERBOTEN, BIS SIE ZUENDE IST; WENN ABER KEINE ZEIT FESTGESETZT IST, SO IST ES IHM, EINERLEI OB ER ‘BIS SIE IST’ GESAGT HAT ODER ER ‘BIS SIE HERANREICHT’ GESAGT HAT, VERBOTEN NUR BIS SIE HERANREICHT.",
+ "SAGT ER: BIS ZUR DÖRRZEIT, BIS ES DÖRRZEIT IST, SO GILT DIES BIS DAS VOLK DIE FRÜCHTE IN KÖRBEN EINZUBRINGEN ANFÄNGT; SAGT ER: BIS DIE DÖRRZEIT VORÜBER IST, SO GILT DIES BIS DIE FEIGENMESSEREINGEWICKELT WERDEN. SAGT ER: BIS ZUR ERNTE, SO GILT DIES BIS DAS VOLK ZU ERNTEN ANFÄNGT, DIE WEIZENERNTEUND NICHT DIE GERSTENERNTE, JEDOCH ALLES NACH DEM ORTESEINES GELÜBDES: GESCHAH ES IM GEBIRGE, SO RICHTE ER SICH NACH DEM GEBIRGE, UND WENN IN DER EBENE, NACH DER EBENE.",
+ "SAGT ER: BIS ZUR REGENZEIT, ODER: BIS ES REGENZEIT IST, SO GILT DIES BIS DER ZWEITE FRÜHREGEN FÄLLT; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, BIS DIE ZEIT DES FRÜHREGENSHERANREICHT. SAGT ER: BIS DIE REGENZEIT AUFHÖRT, SO GILT DIES BIS DER GANZE MONAT NISAN ZUENDE IST – SO R. MEÍR; R. JEHUDA SAGT, BIS DAS PESAḤFEST VORÜBER IST R. JEHUDA SAGTE: SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH KEINEN WEIN KOSTEN WERDE, BIS ES PESAḤ IST, SO MEINTE ER NUR DIE NACHT ZUM PESAḤFESTE, BIS ZUR ZEIT, DA DIE MENSCHEN WEIN ZU TRINKENPFLEGEN.",
+ "SAGT ER: QONAM, DASS ICH KEIN FLEISCH KOSTEN WERDE, BIS ES FASTTAG IST, SO IST ES IHM NUR BIS ZUR NACHT ZUM FASTTAGE VERBOTEN, DENN ER MEINTE NUR BIS ZUR ZEIT, DA DIE MENSCHEN FLEISCH ZU ESSEN PFLEGEN. SEIN SOHN R. JOSE SAGTE: SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH KEINEN KNOBLAUCH KOSTEN WERDE, BIS ES ŠABBATH IST, SO IST ES IHM NUR BIS ZUR NACHT ZUM ŠABBATH VERBOTEN, DENN ER MEINTE NUR BIS ZUR ZEIT, DA DIE MENSCHEN KNOBLAUCH ZU ESSENPFLEGEN.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN: QONAM, DASS ICH VON DIR NICHTS GENIESSE, WENN DU NICHT KOMMST UND EIN KOR WEIZEN UND ZWEI FASS WEIN FÜR DEINE KINDER ANNIMMST, SO KANN ER SEIN GELÜBDE OHNE BEI EINEM GELEHRTEN NACHZUSUCHEN AUFHEBEN, INDEM ER ZU IHM SAGE: DU HAST ES NUR ZU MEINER EHRUNG GESAGT, UND DIESIST MEINE EHRUNG. DESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN JEMAND ZU SEINEM NÄCHSTEN SAGT: QONAM SEI DIR JEDER GENUSS VON MIR, WENN DU NICHT KOMMST UND MEINEN KINDERN EIN KOR WEIZEN UND ZWEI FASS WEIN GIBST. R. MEÍR SAGT, ES SEI IHM VERBOTEN, BIS ER SIE GIBT, UND DIE WEISEN SAGEN, AUCH HIERBEI KÖNNE ER SEIN GELÜBDE OHNE BEI EINEM GELEHRTEN NACHZUSUCHEN AUFHEBEN, INDEM ER ZU IHM SAGE: ICH BETRACHTE ES ALS ERHALTEN. WENN MAN EINEN NÖTIGT, DIE TOCHTER SEINER SCHWESTER ZU HEIRATEN, UND ER SAGT: QONAM, DASS SIE NIE EINEN GENUSS VON MIR HABEN SOLL, ODER WENN JEMAND SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN LÄSST UND SAGT: QONAM, DASS MEINE FRAU NIE EINEN GENUSS VON MIR HABEN SOLL, SO DÜRFEN SIE VON IHM GENIESSEN, DENN DIESER MEINTE ES NUR VON DER EHE. WENN JEMAND SEINEN NÄCHSTEN NÖTIGT, BEI IHM ZU ESSEN, UND DIESER SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH DEIN HAUS NICHT BETRETE, DASS ICH KEINEN TROPFEN KALTES WASSER BEI DIR KOSTE, SO DARF ER SEIN HAUS BETRETEN UND BEI IHM KALTES WASSER TRINKEN, DENN DIESER MEINTE ES NUR VOM ESSEN UND TRINKEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, MAN DÜRFE EINEM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DIE EHRUNG VON VATER UND MUTTER; DIE WEISEN VERBIETEN DIES. R. ÇADOQ SPRACH: STATT IHM EINEN AUSWEG ZU ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DIE EHRUNG VON VATER UND MUTTER, KÖNNTE MAN IHM JA EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DIE EHRUNG GOTTES, DEMNACH GÄBE ES ÜBERHAUPT KEINE GELÜBDE! DIE WEISEN PFLICHTEN JEDOCH R. ELIE͑ZER BEI, DASS MAN BEI ZWISCHEN IHM UND SEINEM VATER ODER SEINER MUTTER VORGEHENDEN DINGEN IHM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNE DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DIE EHRUNG VON VATER UND MUTTER.",
+ "FERNER SAGTE R. ELIE͑ZER, MAN DÜRFE EINEM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF UNVERMUTETES; DIE WEISEN VERBIETEN DIES. WENN JEMAND ZUM BEISPIEL SAGTE: QONAM, DASS ICH VON JENEM MANNE KEINE NIESSUNG HABEN WERDE, UND JENER SCHREIBER WIRD ODER KURZ DARAUF SEINEN SOHN VERHEIRATET, UND DANN SAGT: HÄTTE ICH GEWUSST, DASS ER SCHREIBER WERDEN ODER DASS ER KURZ DARAUF SEINEN SOHN VERHEIRATEN WIRD, SO WÜRDE ICH NICHT GELOBT HABEN; ODER JEMAND SAGTE: QONAM, DASS ICH DIESES HAUS NICHT BETRETEN WERDE, UND ES EIN BETHAUS WIRD, UND DANN SAGT: HÄTTE ICH GEWUSST, DASS ES EIN BETHAUS WERDEN WIRD, SO WÜRDE ICH NICHT GELOBT HABEN, SO IST ES NACH R. ELIE͑ZER ERLAUBT UND NACH DEN WEISEN VERBOTEN.",
+ "R. MEÍR SAGTE: ES GIBT UMSTÄNDE, DIE DEM UNVERMUTETEN GLEICHEN, ABER DOCH NICHT UNVERMUTETES SIND, DIE WEISEN ABER PFLICHTEN IHM NICHT BEI. WENN JEMAND ZUM BEISPIEL SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH JENE NICHT HEIRATE, WEIL IHR VATER SCHLECHT IST, UND MAN IHM BERICHTET, ER SEI GESTORBEN, ODER ER HABE BUSSE GETAN, ODER WENN JEMAND SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH IN DIESES HAUS NICHT GEHE, WEIL EIN BÖSER HUND DARIN IST, ODER WEIL EINE SCHLANGE DARIN IST, UND MAN IHM BERICHTET, DER HUND SEI TOT, ODER DIE SCHLANGE GETÖTET, SO GLEICHT DIES DEM UNVERMUTETEN, JEDOCH IST ES NICHT UNVERMUTETES; DIE WEISEN ABER PFLICHTEN IHM NICHT BEI.",
+ "FERNER SAGTE R. MEÍR: MAN DÜRFE IHM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DAS, WAS IN DER TORA GESCHRIEBEN IST, UND ZU IHM SPRECHEN: WENN DU ABER GEWUSST HÄTTEST, DASS DU ÜBERTRITTST DAS GESETZ:du sollst nicht rachsüchtig sein, ODER:du sollst nicht nachtragen, ODER:du sollst deinen Bruder nicht in deinem Herzen hassen, ODER:du sollst deinen Bruder wie dich selbst lieben, ODER:dein Bruder soll neben dir leben, ODER: DASS DU, WENN ER VERARMT, IHN NICHT ERNÄHREN KANNST? SAGT ER, ER WÜRDE, WENN ER GEWUSST HÄTTE, DASS DEM SO IST, NICHT GELOBT HABEN, SO IST ES ERLAUBT<endnote1>5</endnote1>.",
+ "MAN DARF EINEM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF DIE MORGENGABE SEINER FRAU. EINST GELOBTE SICH JEMAND DEN GENUSS SEINER FRAU AB, UND IHRE MORGENGABEBETRUG VIERHUNDERT DENARE. ALS ER VOR R. A͑QIBA KAM, UND DIESER IHN VERURTEILTE, IHR IHRE MORGENGABE ZU ZAHLEN, SPRACH ER ZU IHM: MEISTER, ACHTHUNDERT DENARE HINTERLIESS MEIN VATER, VIERHUNDERT ERHIELT MEIN BRUDER UND VIERHUNDERT ERHIELT ICH; GENÜGT ES NICHT, DASS SIE ZWEIHUNDERT ERHÄLT UND ICH ZWEIHUNDERT BEHALTE? R. A͑QIBA ERWIDERTE: SELBST WENN DU DAS HAAR AUF DEINEM KOPFE VERKAUFEN MÜSSTEST, HAST DU IHR IHRE MORGENGABE AUSZUZAHLEN. HIERAUF SPRACH JENER: HÄTTE ICH GEWUSST, DASS DEM SO IST, SO WÜRDE ICH NICHT GELOBT HABEN. DA ERLAUBTE SIE IHM R. A͑QIBA.",
+ "MAN DARF EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF FESTTAGE UND ŠABBATHE. ANFANGS SAGTEN SIE, AN DIESEN TAGEN SEI ES IHM ERLAUBT, AN ALLEN ÜBRIGEN TAGEN VERBOTEN, BIS R. A͑QIBA KAM UND LEHRTE, EIN GELÜBDE, DAS TEILWEISE AUFGELÖST WORDEN IST, SEI VOLLSTÄNDIG AUFGELÖST.",
+ "ZÜM BEISPIEL: SAGTE JEMAND: QONAM, DASS ICH EUCH ALLE NICHTS GENIESSEN LASSE, SO IST ES, WENN ES INBETREFF DES EINEN AUFGELÖST WORDEN IST, FÜR ALLE AUFGELÖST; SAGTE ER: DASS ICH NICHTS GENIESSEN LASSE DIESEN UND DIESEN, SO IST ES, WENN ES INBETREFF DES ERSTEN AUFGELÖST WORDEN IST, FÜR ALLE AUFGELÖST, UND WENN ES INBETREFF DES LETZTEN AUFGELÖST WORDEN IST, DEM LETZTEN ERLAUBT UND ALLEN ANDEREN VERBOTEN. SAGTE ER: WAS ICH VON DIESEM GENIESSE, SEI OPFER, UND WAS VON JENEM, SEI OPFER, SO IST EIN AUSWEG ERFORDERLICH FÜR JEDEN BESONDERS.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH KEINEN WEIN KOSTEN WERDE, WEIL DER WEIN DEM LEIBE SCHÄDLICH IST, UND MAN IHM ERKLÄRT: DER ALTE IST JA DEM LEIBE ZUTRÄGLICH, SO IST IHM DER ALTE ERLAUBT; UND NICHT NUR DER ALTE IST IHM ERLAUBT, SONDERN AUCH JEDER WEIN. WENN JEMAND SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH KEINE ZWIEBEL KOSTEN WERDE, WEIL DIE ZWIEBEL DEM HERZEN SCHÄDLICH IST, UND MAN IHM ERKLÄRT: DIE DÖRFISCHE IST JA DEM HERZEN ZUTRÄGLICH, SO IST IHM DIE DÖRFISCHE ERLAUBT; UND NICHT NUR DIE DÖRFISCHE IST IHM ERLAUBT, SONDERN AUCH ALLE ANDEREN ZWIEBELN. EINST EREIGNETE SICH EIN SOLCHER FALL, UND R. MEÍR ERLAUBTE IHM ALLE ZWIEBELN.",
+ "MAN DARF EINEM EINEN AUSWEG ÖFFNEN DURCH DEN HINWEIS AUF SEINE EIGENE EHRE UND DIE EHRE SEINER KINDER. MAN SPRECHEZU IHM: AUCH WENN DU GEWUSST HÄTTEST, DASS MAN MORGEN ÜBER DICH SAGEN WIRD: DAS IST DIE ART DES N., DASS ER SICH VON SEINEN FRAUEN SCHEIDEN LÄSST, DASS MAN VON DEINEN TÖCHTERN SAGEN WIRD: SIE SIND TÖCHTER EINER GESCHIEDENEN; WESHALB WOHL IST DIE MUTTER VON DIESEN GESCHIEDEN WORDEN? SAGT ER, ER WÜRDE, WENN ER GEWUSST HÄTTE, DASS DEM SO IST, NICHT GELOBT HABEN, SO IST ES ERLAUBT <endnote1>5</endnote1>.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SAGT: QONAM, DASS ICH DIE HÄSSLICHE N. NICHT HEIRATE, UND SIE HÜBSCH IST, DIE SCHWARZE, UND SIE WEISS IST, DIE KLEINE, UND SIE GROSS IST, SO IST SIE IHM ERLAUBT; NICHT WEIL SIE HÄSSLICH WAR UND HÜBSCH GEWORDEN, SCHWARZ WAR UND WEISS GEWORDEN, KLEIN WAR UND GROSS GEWORDEN IST, SONDERN WEIL DAS GELÜBDE AUF EINEM IRRTUM BERUHT. EINST HATTE SICH JEMAND DEN GENUSS DER TOCHTER SEINER SCHWESTER ABGELOBT; DA BRACHTE MAN SIE IN DAS HAUS DES R. JIŠMA͑ÉL UND PUTZTE SIE AUS. HIERAUF SPRACH R. JIŠMA͑ÉL ZU IHM: MEIN SOHN, DIESE HAST DU DIR ABGELOBT? ER ERWIDERTE: NEIN. DA ERLAUBTE SIE IHM R. JIŠMA͑ÉL. IN JENER STUNDE WEINTE R. JIŠMA͑ÉL UND SPRACH: DIE TÖCHTER JISRAÉLS SIND SCHÖN, DIE ARMUT NUR VERUNSTALTET SIE. ALS R. JIŠMA͑ÉL STARB, STIMMTEN DIE JISRAÉLITISCHEN TÖCHTER EIN KLAGELIED AN UND SPRACHEN: WEINET, TÖCHTER JISRAÉLS, UM R. JIŠMA͑ÉL! EBENSO HEISST ES BEI ŠAÚL:Weinet, Töchter Jisraéls, um Šaúl!"
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIE GELÜBDE EINER VERLOBTEN KÖNNEN IHR VATER UND IHR MANN NUR ZUSAMMEN AUFHEBEN. HEBT DER VATER ES AUF UND NICHT DER EHEMANN ODER DER EHEMANN UND NICHT DER VATER, SO IST ES NICHT AUFGEHOBEN, UND SELBSTVERSTÄNDLICH, WENN EINER VON IHNEN ES BESTÄTIGT HAT.",
+ "STIRBT DER VATER, SO GEHT SEINE GEWALT NICHT AUF DEN EHEMANN ÜBER: STIRBT DER EHEMANN, SO GEHT SEINE GEWALT AUF DEN VATER ÜBER. IN DIESER HINSICHT IST DAS RECHT DES VATERS BEDEUTENDER ALS DAS DES EHEMANNES, IN ANDERER HINSICHT ABER IST DAS RECHT DES EHEMANNES BEDEUTENDER ALS DAS DES VATERS: DER EHEMANN KANN IHRE GELÜBDE AUFHEBEN, WENN SIE MANNBARIST, DER VATER KANN SIE NICHT AUFHEBEN, WENN SIE MANNBAR IST.",
+ "WENN SIE ALS VERLOBTE GELOBT HAT UND AM SELBEN TAGE GESCHIEDEN WORDEN IST UND SICH AM SELBEN TAGE WIEDERUM VERLOBT HAT, SELBST HUNDERTMAL, SO KÖNNEN IHR VATER UND IHR LETZTER MANN NUR ZUSAMMEN IHRE GELÜBDE AUFHEBEN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: SOLANGE SIE NICHT EINE STUNDE IN IHRER EIGENEN GEWALT WAR, KÖNNEN IHR VATER UND IHR LETZTER MANN NUR ZUSAMMEN IHRE GELÜBDE AUFHEBEN.",
+ "ES IST BEI DEN GELEHRTEN BRAUCH, DASS DER VATER, BEVOR SEINE TOCHTER VON IHM GEHT, ZU IHR SPRICHT: ALLE GELÜBDE, DIE DU IN MEINEM HAUSE GETAN HAST, SEIEN AUFGEHOBEN. EBENSO SPRICHT DER EHEMANN, BEVOR SIE IN SEINE GEWALT KOMMT, ZU IHR: ALLE GELÜBDE, DIE DU, BEVOR DU IN MEINE GEWALT KOMMST, GELOBT HAST, SEIEN AUFGEHOBEN. SOBALD SIE NÄMLICH IN SEINE GEWALT GEKOMMEN IST, KANN ER SIE NICHT MEHR AUFHEBEN.",
+ "WENN EINE MANNBARE ZWÖLF MONATEODER EINE WITWE DREISSIG TAGEZUGEBRACHT HAT, SO KANN, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, IHR MANN, DA ER ZU IHREM UNTERHALTE VERPFLICHTET IST, IHRE GELÜBDE AUFHEBEN; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DER EHEMANN KÖNNE SIE NICHT EHER AUFHEBEN, ALS BIS SIE IN SEINE GEWALT GEKOMMEN IST.",
+ "DIE GELÜBDE EINER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE, EINERLEI OB EIN SCHWAGER VORHANDEN IST ODER ZWEI, KANN DER SCHWAGER, WIE R. ELIE͑ZEF SAGT, AUFHEBEN; R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, NUR EINER UND NICHT ZWEI; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, WEDER EINER NOCH ZWEI. R. ELIE͑ZER SPRACH: WENN MAN DIE GELÜBDE EINER FRAU, DIE MAN SICH SELBER ANGEEIGNET HAT, AUFHEBEN KANN, WIE SOLLTE MAN DIE GELÜBDE EINER FRAU, DIE EINEM VOM HIMMEL ZUGEEIGNET IST, NICHT AUFHEBEN KÖNNEN? R. A͑QIBA SPRACH ZU IHM: NEIN, WENN DIES VON EINER FRAU GILT, DIE MAN SICH SELBER ANGEEIGNET HAT, ÜBER DIE ANDERE KEINE GEWALT HABEN, SOLLTE DIES AUCH VON EINER FRAU GELTEN, DIE EINEM VOM HIMMEL ZUGEEIGNET IST, ÜBER DIE ANDERE GEWALTHABEN!? DA SPRACH R. JEHOŠUA͑ ZU IHM: A͑QIBA, DEINE WORTE SIND ZUTREFFEND BEI ZWEI SCHWÄGERN, WAS ABER HAST DU BEI EINEM SCHWAGERZU ERWIDERN? DIESER ERWIDERTE: DIE SCHWÄGERIN IST DEM SCHWAGER NICHT GANZ SO EIGEN, WIE DIE VERLOBTE DEM EHEMANNEEIGEN IST.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND ZU SEINER FRAU: ALLE GELÜBDE, DIE DU VON JETZT AB BIS ICH VON JENEM ORTE ZURÜCKKOMME TUST, SOLLEN BESTEHEN, SO HAT ER NICHTS GESAGT; SAGT ER: SOLLEN AUFGEHOBEN SEIN, SO SIND SIE, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, AUFGEHOBEN, UND AVIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NICHT AUFGEHOBEN. R. ELIE͑ZER SPRACH: WENN ER GELÜBDE AUFHEBEN KANN, DIE BEREITS DIE EIGENHEIT DES VERBOTES ERLANGT HABEN, WIE SOLLTE ER GELÜBDE, DIE DIE EIGENHEIT DES VERBOTES NOCH NICHT ERLANGT HABEN, NICHT AUFHEBEN KÖNNEN!? SIE ERWIDERTEN IHM: ES HEISST:ihr Mann bestätige es und ihr Mann hebe es auf, WAS DEN ZUSTAND DER BESTÄTIGUNG ERLANGT HAT, UNTERLIEGT AUCH DER AUFHEBUNG, UND WAS DEN ZUSTAND DER BESTÄTIGUNG NICHT ERLANGT HAT, UNTERLIEGT AUCH NICHT DER AUFHEBUNG.",
+ "DIE AUFHEBUNG VON GELÜBDEN KANN DEN GANZEN TAG ERFOLGEN. DIES GILT ERLEICHTERND UNDERSCHWEREND, UND ZWAR: GELOBT SIE BEISPIELSWEISE IN DER NACHT ZUM ŠABBATH, SO KANN ER ES IN DER NACHT ZUM ŠABBATH AUFHEBEN UND AM ŠABBATH BIS ES DUNKEL IST; GELOBT SIE BEI EINTRETENDER DUNKELHEIT, SO KANN ER ES AUFHEBEN, SOLANGE ES NICHT DUNKEL IST, IST ES DUNKEL GEWORDEN, OHNE DASS ER ES AUFGEHOBEN HAT, SO KANN ER ES NICHT MEHR AUFHEBEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "FOLGENDE GELÜBDE KANN ER AUFHEBEN: DINGE BETREFFEND, DIE EINE KASTEIUNG DES LEIBES SIND: WENN ICH BADE, ODER: WENN ICH NICHT BADE, WENN ICH MICH SCHMÜCKE, ODER: WENN ICH MICH NICHT SCHMÜCKE. R. JOSE SPRACH: DIES SIND KEINE GELÜBDE DER KASTEIUNG DES LEIBES.",
+ "FOLGENDES VIELMEHR SIND GELÜBDE DER KASTEIUNG DES LEIBES. SAGT SIE: QONAM SEIEN MIR DIE FRÜCHTE DER WELT, SO KANN ER ES AUFHEBEN; SAGT SIE: QONAM SEIEN MIR DIE FRÜCHTE DIESER PROVINZ, SO HOLE ER SIE IHR AUS EINER ANDEREN PROVINZ. SAGT SIE: QONAM SEIEN MIR DIE FRÜCHTE DIESES KRÄMERS, SO KANN ER ES NICHT AUFHEBEN; ERHÄLT ER ABER SEINEN UNTERHALT NUR VON DIESEM, SO KANN ER ES AUFHEBEN – SO R. JOSE.",
+ "SAGT SIE: QONAM, DASS ICH VON DEN MENSCHEN NICHTS GENIESSE, SO KANN EU ES NICHT AUFHEBEN, UND SIE KANN VON DER NACHLESE, DEM VERGESSENEN UND DEM ECKENLASSEGENIESSEN. SAGT JEMAND: QONAM, DASS PRIESTER ODER LEVITEN VON MIR NICHTS GENIESSEN, SO KÖNNEN SIEGEGEN SEINEN WILLEN NEHMEN; WENN ABER: DASS DIESE PRIESTER ODER DIESE LEVITEN VON MIR NICHTS GENIESSEN, SO ERHALTEN ES ANDERE.",
+ "SAGT sie: QONAM, DASS ICH NICHTS MACHE FÜR MEINEN VATER, FÜR DEINEN VATER, FÜR MEINEN BRUDER, ODER: FÜR DEINEN BRUDER, SO KANN ER ES NICHT AUFHEBEN; SAGT SIE: DASS ICH FÜR DICH NICHTS MACHE, so BRAUCHT ER ES NICHT AUFZUHEBEN. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, ER HEBE ES AUF, WEIL SIE MEHR LEISTEN KANN, ALS IHMZUKOMMT. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SAGT, ER HEBE ES AUF, WEIL ER SICH VON IHR SCHEIDEN LASSEN UND SIE IHM VERBOTEN WERDEN KANN.",
+ "WENN SEINE FRAU GELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SEINE TOCHTER HABE GELOBT, ODER SEINE TOCHTER GELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SEINE FRAU HABE GELOBT, ODER SIE EIN NAZIRAT GELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SIE HABE EIN OPFER GELOBT, ODER SIE EIN OPFER GELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SIE HABE EIN NAZIRAT GELOBT, ODER SIE SICH FEIGEN ABGELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SIE HABE SICH TRAUBEN ABGELOBT, ODER SIE SICH TRAUBEN ABGELOBT HAT, UND ER GEGLAUBT HAT, SIE HABE SICH FEIGEN ABGELOBT, SO HEBE ER ES WIEDERUM AUF.",
+ "WENN SIE SAGT: QONAM DASS ICH DIESE FEIGEN UND TRAUBEN NICHT KOSTEN WERDE, SO IST, WENN ER ES INBETREFF DER FEIGEN BESTÄTIGT, DAS GANZE BESTÄTIGT, UND WENN ER ES INBETREFF DER FEIGEN AUFHEBT, ES NICHT EHER AUFGEHOBEN, ALS BIS ER ES AUCH INBETREFF DER TRAUBEN AUFHEBT. SAGT SIE: QONAM, DASS ICH KEINE FEIGE KOSTEN WERDE, DASS ICH KEINE TRAUBE KOSTEN WERDE, SO SIND ES ZWEI GELÜBDE.",
+ "SAGT ER, ER HABE GEWUSST, DASS ES GELÜBDE GEBE, JEDOCH NICHT GEWUSST, DASS MAN ES AUFHEBEN KÖNNE, SO KANN ER ES SPÄTER AUFHEBEN; SAGT ER, ER HABE GEWUSST, DASS MAN ES AUFHEBEN KÖNNE, JEDOCH NICHT GEWUSST, DASS DIES EIN GELÜBDE SEI, SO KANN ER ES SPÄTER, WIE R. MEÍR SAGT, NICHT AUFHEBEN, UND WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, AUFHEBEN.",
+ "viii WENN JEMAND SEINEM SCHWIEGERSOHNE DEN GENUSS ABGELOBT HAT UND SEINER TOCHTER GELD GEBEN WILL, SO SPRECHE ER ZU IHR: DIESES GELD SEI DIR GESCHENKT, JEDOCH DARF DEIN MANN KEIN RECHT DARAN HABEN; NUR FÜR DAS, WAS DU IN DEINEN MUND TUST.",
+ "Und das Gelübde einer Witwe und einer Geschiedenen &c. soll für sie bestehen bleiben. WENN SIE ZUM BEISPIEL SAGT: ICH WILL NACH DREISSIG TAGEN NEZIRA SEIN, SO KANN ER, AUCH WENN SIE INNERHALB DREISSIG TAGEN HEIRATET, ES NICHT AUFHEBEN. GELOBT SIE, WÄHREND SIE IN DER GEWALT DES EHEMANNES IST, SO KANN ER ES IHR AUFHEBEN. WENN SIE ZUM BEISPIEL SAGT: ICH WILL NACH DREISSIG TAGEN NEZIRA SEIN, SO IST ESAUFGEHOBEN, AUCH WENN SIE INNERHALB DER DREISSIG TAGE VERWITWET ODER GESCHIEDEN WIRD. WENN SIE AM GLEICHEN TAGE GELOBT, GESCHIEDEN WIRD UND ER SIE WIEDERNIMMT, SO KANN ER ES NICHT AUFHEBEN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: SOBALD SIE AUCH NUR EINE STUNDE IN IHRER EIGENEN GEWALT WAR, KANN ER ES NICHT AUFHEBEN.",
+ "NEUN MÄDCHENSIND ES, DEREN GELÜBDE BESTEHEN BLEIBEN: DIE MANNBAR WARUND VERWAISTIST; DIE MÄDCHENWAR UND MANNBAR WURDE UND VERWAIST IST; DIE MÄDCHEN WAR UND NICHT MANNBAR WURDE UND VERWAIST IST; DIE MANNBAR WAR, DEREN VATER GESTORBEN IST; DIE MÄDCHEN WAR UND MANNBAR WURDE, DEREN VATER GESTORBEN IST; DIE MÄDCHEN WAR UND NICHT MANNBAR WURDE, DEREN VATER GESTORBEN IST; DIE MÄDCHEN WAR, DEREN VATER GESTORBEN IST UND NACH DEM TODE IHRES VATERS MANNBAR WURDE; DIE MANNBAR WAR, DEREN VATER LEBT; DIE MÄDCHEN WAR UND MANNBAR WURDE, DEREN VATER LEBT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH WENN JEMAND SEINE MINDERJÄHRIGE TOCHTER VERHEIRATET UND SIE VERWITWET ODER GESCHIEDEN WIRD UND ZU IHM ZURÜCKKEHRT, GELTE SIE NOCH ALS JUNGFRAU.",
+ "SAGT SIE: QONAM, DASS ICH VON MEINEM VATER ODER DEINEM VATER NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, WENN ICH ETWAS FÜR DICH TUE, DASS ICH VON DIR NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE, WENN ICH ETWAS FÜR MEINEN VATER ODER DEINEN VATER TUE, SO HEBE ER ES AUF.",
+ "FRÜHER SAGTE MAN, DREI FRAUEN SEIEN ZU ENTLASSEN UND ERHALTEN IHRE MORGENGABE: WENN SIE SAGT: ICH BIN FÜR DICHUNREIN, ODER: DER HIMMEL IST ZWISCHEN MIRUND DIR, ODER: ICH WILL DEN JUDEN ENTZOGEN SEIN. DAMIT ABER EINE FRAU NICHT ZUM SCHADEN IHRES MANNES IHRE AUGEN AUF EINEN ANDEREN WERFE, BESTIMMTEN SIE FOLGENDES: SAGT SIE: ICH BIN FÜR DICH UNREIN, SO BRINGE SIE EINEN BEWEIS FÜR IHRE BEHAUPTUNG; SAGT SIE: DER HIMMEL IST ZWISCHEN MIR UND DIR, SO ERFOLGE DIES IN DER FORM EINER BITTE; SAGT SIE: ICH WILL DEN JUDEN ENTZOGEN SEIN, SO HEBE ER DEN IHN BETREFFENDEN TEIL AUF UND WOHNE IHR BEI, UND SIE BLEIBT ANDEREN JUDEN ENTZOGEN."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef1f6d432103748ecf6ae57a9cbdb6a82ac1f4f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tAll epithets (kinuyei) of vows are like vows. [The gemara explains that the first part of our Mishnah is lacking and that this is what is meant: All yadoth (\"hands\") of vows are like vows; all epithets of vows are like vows. These are yadoth of vows: If one says to his neighbor: \"I am 'bevowed' from you,\" \"I am separate from you,\" etc. These are epithets of vows: \"Konam,\" \"Konach,\" \"Konas,\" etc. \"Hands of vows\": (yadoth) of vows, by which the vows are held. \"Kinyei nedarim\" (\"epithets of vows\"), as in (Bava Metzia 58b) \"hamechaneh shem lechavero\" (\"one who calls his friend by an epithet\", the \"epithet\" (nickname) not being the name per se.] And (epithets) of dedications are like dedications, and (epithets) of oaths are like oaths, and (epithets) of Naziritism are like Naziritism. If one says to his neighbor: \"I am 'bevowed' from you,\" \"I am separate from you,\" \"I am distanced from you,\" \"That I not eat from you,\" \"That I not taste from you,\" he is forbidden (to do so). [If he used one of these expressions: \"I am 'bevowed' from you that I not eat from you and that I not taste from you,\" or: \"I am separate from you that I not eat from you and that I not taste from you,\" or: \"I am distanced from you that I not eat from you and that I not taste from you,\" these are \"yadoth\" (\"hands\") of vows, and he is forbidden to eat and taste from him. But if he said: \"I am 'bevowed' from you\" alone, his words imply only that he will not speak with him. And \"I am separate from you\" alone implies only that he will not deal with him. And \"I am distanced from you\" alone implies only that he will not sit in his four cubits. But he is not forbidden to eat with him unless he specifies with each one of these expressions: \"that I not eat from you and that I not taste from you.\"] (If one said:) \"I am removed (\"menudeh\") from you\" — R. Akiva would compress 'his lips' on this towards stringency, [not wanting to say that it forbade (as a vow), but it being apparent that he held it to do so.] \"As the vows of the wicked, a vow, with Nazirite and with offering, an oath.\" \"As the vows of the upright,\" he has said nothing. [If he said: \"I take it upon myself as the vows of the wicked, whose vows are Nazirite and offering — an oath not to eat this loaf,\" if he transgressed and ate it, he must be a Nazirite for thirty days, and bring a burnt-offering, and he is liable to stripes as one transgressing a vain oath; for he mentioned in his vow \"Nazirite,\" \"offering,\" and \"oath.\" As to his saying: \"As the vows of the wicked,\" this is because it is the wicked who make vows and oaths, not the upright, the upright fearing the transgression of non-fulfillment (of vows) and taking heed not to utter oaths. Therefore, if one says: \"As the vows of the upright,\" he has said nothing.] \"As their gifts, a vow, with Nazirite and with offering.\" [If he said: \"As the gifts of the upright, I shall be a Nazirite, and this shall be an offering if I eat this loaf,\" if he ate it, he is liable to Naziritism and to an offering. For the upright sometimes take a vow of Naziritism to separate themselves from what is forbidden. And they give an offering as a gift, bringing their offering to the entrance of the azarah (the Temple court) and consecrating it there, so as not to go astray through it. The expression for a gift is \"This (object) is\" (a gift), and the expression for a vow \"I take it upon myself,\" for which reason the upright give gifts, but do not vow, so that they not go astray.]",
+ "\tIf one says to his neighbor: \"Konam,\" \"Konach,\" \"Konas,\" these are epithets of \"korban\" (offering). [They are gentile expressions, some referring to an offering by one (of these terms); some, by another. With each, he refers to an offering.] \"Cherek,\" \"Cherech,\" \"Cheref\" — these are epithets of \"cherem\" (dedication). \"Nazik,\" \"Naziach,\" \"Paziach\" — these are epithets of \"Neziruth\" (Naziritism). \"Shevutah,\" \"Shekukah,\" (and) if he vowed with \"Mota\" [i.e., if he swore with \"Motah.\" \"Motah\" is an epithet of \"Momta,\" which, in targum, is an oath] — these are epithets for \"shevuah\" (an oath).",
+ "\tIf one says: \"Lachullin; I shall not eat from you\" [The \"lamed\" is voweled by a patach, the denotation being: Not chullin (mundane food) shall be what I eat from you, but consecrated food.] \"Not kasher (fit)\" [shall it be, but pasul (unfit), i.e., consecrated food, which is susceptible of \"fitness\" and \"unfitness.\"], \"Not dachi\" [Not permitted, as in (Avodah Zarah 37a): \"Ayal kamtza (a type of locust) dachan\" (\"is permitted\"). And even though the terms \"permitted\" and \"forbidden\" apply also in the context of (animals which are) neveilah (carcass) and treifah (organically defective), and we rule that vows \"take\" only in respect to what is vowed and what is given (and not in respect to something forbidden in itself), since \"permitted\" can also be used in the context of consecrated food, it was taught that with unqualified vows we follow the stringent option. For since he wished the vow to \"take\" here, we say that (in his words) he intended what is vowed (and not what is forbidden in itself)], \"Pure\" [If he said: \"Not pure what I eat from you\"], \"Unclean,\" \"Nothar\" (left-over sacrifices), \"Piggul\" (invalidated sacrifices), it is forbidden. [If he said: \"Unclean, what I eat from you,\" and so, with the others, it is forbidden (to eat from him), for all of these (expressions) apply to consecrated food.] \"As imra\" [As the lamb of sacrifice], \"As dirin\" [the (Temple) wood shed or cattle shed], \"As the fire-offerings,\" As the altar\" [As the offerings upon the altar.], \"As the sanctuary\" [As the offerings of the sanctuary], \"As Jerusalem\" [As the offerings in Jerusalem. Another interpretation: As the walls of Jerusalem (he holds these walls to come from the surplus of the Temple treasury)], If he vowed with any of the altar appurtenances [such as forks, sprinkling bowls, and fire-pans. If he said: \"As the forks, what I eat from you,\" or \"As the sprinkling bowls, what I eat from you,\" and so, with the others], even though he did not say \"Korban\" (\"An offering\"), it is as if he had vowed with \"Korban.\" R. Yehudah says: If one says: \"Jerusalem\" [without the chaf (\"As\")], he has said nothing. [The first tanna differs, and the halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\tIf one says: \"An offering,\" \"A burnt-offering,\" \"A meal-offering,\" \"A sin-offering,\" \"A thank-offering,\" \"A peace-offering\" (shall be) what I eat from you, it is forbidden (to eat from him). [All of these offerings are obligatory (and a thank-offering, too, is like an obligatory one, for \"Four must give thanks, etc.,\" so that (if we were not apprised otherwise) we might think that this is not called \"vowing with respect to what is vowed.\"] R. Yehudah permits it. [Since he says it without a \"chaf\" (\"As a sin-offering, etc.\"), it is like swearing by the life of the offering and by the life of the burnt-offering, so that neither vow nor oath obtains. The first part of the Mishnah apprises us that the first tanna differs with R. Yehudah even with respect to \"Jerusalem\" if he mentioned it without a chaf, holding it to be a vow. And the second part apprises us that R. Yehudah differs with the first tanna even with respect to \"offering,\" \"burnt-offering,\" and \"meal-offering, etc.\" when he mentions them without a chaf, holding them not to be vows.] \"The offering,\" \"As the offering,\" \"An offering\" that I shall not eat from you — it is forbidden. [Even though all of these were already mentioned, \"The offering\" is necessary; for we might think that he intends thereby \"By the life of the offering\" (i.e., an oath), As to our learning (2:2): \"'The offering that I not eat from you' — it is permitted,\" in that instance he says: \"This offering,\" which connotes \"By the life of the offering.\"] \"Lekorban that I not eat from you,\" R. Meir forbids it. [For it is construed as \"Lekorban yeheh\" (\"Let it be as an offering\"), for which reason I shall not eat from you. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.] If one says to his neighbor: \"konam my mouth that speaks with you,\" \"my hand that does with you,\" \"my foot that walks with you,\" it is forbidden. [Even though vows do not \"take\" with something intangible, and speech is intangible, still, when he says: \"Konam my mouth that speaks with you,\" he constrains the mouth from speaking, and the mouth is tangible. Likewise, let my hands be constrained from doing, and my feet from walking, and the like.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAnd these are permitted: (Let it be as) \"chullin (non-consecrated food), what I eat from you.\" [(This is simply a sign, viz.: Just as \"Chullin, what I eat from you\" does not require consultation of a sage (for absolution), so all of these mentioned in the first part of our Mishnah do not require consultation of a sage.)], \"As the flesh of pig,\" \"As idolatry,\" \"As the hides of levuvin\" [They would incise the beast around the heart while it was still alive, take out the heart, and offer it to idolatry, and it is not permitted to derive benefit from idolatrous offerings.], \"As neveiloth\" (carcass), \"As treifoth\" (organically defective animals), \"As shekatzim and remasim\" (forbidden animals and reptiles), \"As the challah of Aaron\" [the first of the Cohanim] and as his terumah [Challah is not \"a thing that is vowed,\" challah and terumah not coming through vow and gift.] — these are permitted [For Scripture states (Numbers 30:3): \"A man, if he vow a vow\" — (The forsworn object does not become forbidden to him) unless he vows (to abjure it) against something which is itself vowed (and not forbidden by its very nature). As to (1:4): \"A sin-offering, that I not eat from you,\" which is forbidden, even though it (a sin-offering) is not a thing that is vowed, there (the reason is that) it is possible to make oneself liable for a sin-offering as the result of a vow, as when one takes a Nazirite vow and becomes liable for a sin-offering.] If one says to his wife: \"You are (forbidden) to me as my mother\" [Even though this is not \"something that is vowed,\" it is more stringent than all of those mentioned above, requiring absolution by the rabbis if he is an am ha'aretz (unlearned)], an opening is provided for him from \"elsewhere\" [i.e., an opening and a \"rationale\" is provided for his recantation, it not sufficing that he be asked \"Do you regret it now?\" or \"Do you still feel the same?\" (all this,) so that he not treat the matter lightly (and not become accustomed to forbidding his wife to himself.)] \"Konam\" that I not sleep, that I not speak, that I not walk, [he may not break his word. This, by rabbinical ordinance; for, by Torah law such a vow does not \"take,\" vows taking only with matters of \"substance\"]; if one says to his wife: \"Konem that I not cohabit with you,\" he comes under (Numbers 30:3): \"He may not break his word.\" [The gemara asks: Is he not obliged to (cohabit with) her? How can he release himself from this obligation through his vow? This is comparable to one's forbidding his friend's fruit to his friend! And the gemara answers: (It obtains) when he says: \"The pleasure of cohabiting with you is konam to me,\" where he forbids the pleasure to himself; and a man may not be fed what is forbidden to him.] (If he says;) \"An oath\" that I not sleep, that I not speak, that I not walk — it is forbidden. [It is forbidden by Torah law; for oaths \"take\" both with things of substance and with things lacking substance. And if he swears that he will not sleep three days in a row, day and night, he receives stripes and sleeps immediately, having sworn to do the impossible.]",
+ "\t\"Korban, I shall not eat from you,\" \"Korban if I eat from you,\" \"Not korban if I do not eat from you\" — it is permitted. [For it is like swearing by the korban (the offering), i.e., \"By the life of the offering if I eat something from you.\"] \"Shevuah (an oath), I shall not eat from you\" [We do not say that he means: \"By the life of the oath, as we do with \"korban,\" for since an oath has no substance, it is not possible to say: \"By the life of the oath\"], \"Shevuah if I eat from you\" [Sometimes this connotes \"I shall not eat from you.\" As when one importunes his friend to eat, and the other says: \"I shall not eat, I shall not eat,\" adding: \"Shevuah if I eat from you,\" in which instance it connotes: \"I shall not eat from you,\" viz.: \"May I be in transgression of an oath if I eat from you.\"], \"Not shevuah if I do not eat from you\" — it is forbidden. This is a stringency of oaths over vows. [We cannot understand this as referring to \"Shevuah, I shall not eat from you, etc.\" For since we learned: \"This is a stringency, etc.,\" the implication is that a vow obtains, but that it does not have the stringency of an oath. But \"it is permitted\" was taught in respect to \"Korban, I shall not eat from you,\" which is not a vow at all. Therefore, we must understand it as referring to what we learned above (2:1): \"Konam that I not sleep, that I not eat\" comes under \"He may not break his word,\" which was understood as a rabbinic ordinance, a vow not \"taking\" with something lacking in substance. And this is a stringency of oaths over vows; for an oath \"takes\" even with something lacking in substance.] And a stringency of vows over oaths: How so? (If one says:) \"Konam\" if I make a succah, if I take a lulav, if I wear tefillin. With vows it is forbidden; with oaths it is permitted, for there is no oath in transgression of mitzvoth. [For (with oaths) one forbids a thing to himself, so that there is no appearance of vowing to void a mitzvah; for he did not take this upon himself, but (just) forbade the object to himself. So that if he fulfills the mitzvah, it is a mitzvah being performed by means of a transgression. This is similar to one's being obligated to eat matzoh on Pesach night and finding only matzoh of tevel or of hekdesh, which it is forbidden to eat. But with all \"shevuah\" terminology, one forbids himself to do a thing. And since he is commanded to do the mitzvah, he can in no way release himself from this obligation. And if one said: \"A korban upon me if I wear tefillin,\" the vow takes, and he must bring an offering if he wears tefillin.]",
+ "\tThere is a vow within a vow, but there is no oath within an oath. How so? If he said: \"I shall be a Nazirite if I eat; I shall be a Nazirite if I eat,\" he is liable for each vow. (If he said:) \"I swear I shall not eat; I swear I shall not eat,\" and he ate, he is liable only for one. [He becomes a Nazirite for thirty days if he said: \"I shall be a Nazirite,\" unqualified. And he brings the Nazirite offering, and again becomes a Nazirite according to the number of times that he vowed. And with an oath, he is liable only for one, receiving stripes only once. But if he gains absolution for the first oath, the second stands. And, similarly, if he gains absolution for the second oath, the third stands; and he is not permitted to eat until he is absolved of all. For we did not learn: \"It is one oath,\" but: \"He is liable only for one.\"]",
+ "\tUnqualified vows follow the stringent option, and their qualification, the lenient one. [Even though, when he explains himself, we follow his explanation, if he vows without qualification, we follow the stringent option; for, generally, when one vows, his intent is to forbid.] How so? If one said: \"Let that thing be (forbidden) to me as salted meat,\" [an offering, viz. (Leviticus 2:13): \"With all your offerings shall you offer salt\"], \"as wine libation\" — if he vowed intending (the offering) of Heaven, it is forbidden; if that of idolatry, it is permitted. And if he vowed without qualification, it is forbidden. (If he said:) \"Let it be to me as cherem\" (dedicated property) — If as the cherem of Heaven, it is forbidden; if as the cherem of the Cohanim, it is permitted. [Even though the cherem of Cohanim is subject to mei'lah (abuse of sacred property) before it is taken by the Cohanim, so that it is like \"a thing that is vowed,\" still, \"the cherem of the Cohanim\" unqualified connotes the Cohein's having taken it.] \"Let it be to me as ma'aser\" (the tithe) — If as the tithe of beasts, it is forbidden; and if as that of the threshing floor, it is permitted. [For it (the beast tithe) is as \"something which is vowed,\" for he must dedicate it, and the (non-separation of the) beast tithe does not forbid the cattle shed as the (non-separation of the) grain-tithe forbids the threshing floor.] And if he vowed without qualification, it is forbidden. \"Let it be to me as terumah\" — If as the terumah of the lishkah (the Temple treasury for congregational sacrifices), it is forbidden; and if as that of the threshing floor, it is permitted. And if he vowed without qualification, it is forbidden. These are the words of R. Meir. R. Yehudah says: If he stated \"terumah,\" unqualified, in Judah it is forbidden; in the Galil, it is permitted, for the men of the Galil are not familiar with the terumah of the lishkah [for they were far from Jerusalem.] \"Charamim\" (dedications), unqualified — in Judah they are permitted, and in the Galil, they are forbidden, for the men of the Galil are not familiar with the charamim of the Cohanim [and all of their charamim would go towards bedek habayit (Temple repair). The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\tIf he vowed by \"cherem,\" and said: \"I intended the 'cherem' (net) of the sea [\"metzodah\" (a net), as in (Koheleth 7:26): \"metzodim vacharamim\"]; by \"korban,\" and he said: \"I intended the korbanoth (gifts) of kings,\"; \"'Atzmi' (generally, \"myself\") korban,\" [If he forbade himself as a \"korban\" to his friend], and he said: \"I only vowed by the bone (etzem) which I had set aside for vowing\" (to deceive others); \"Konam, my wife from deriving benefit from me,\" and he said: \"I intended only my first wife, whom I had divorced\" — with all of these there is no consultation [A sage is not consulted (for absolution), for these vows do not \"take.\"] And if there were consultation [i.e., if such a vow were made by an am ha'aretz, and he came (to a sage) for absolution, he is punished and treated with severity. [He is not granted absolution, and if he transgressed this vow, he is ostracized.] These are the words of R. Meir. The sages say: An opening (for absolution) is opened to them from \"elsewhere,\" and they are taught, so as not to treat vows lightly. [He is shown that the vow takes effect, and they provide him with an opening for absolution from \"elsewhere,\" but they do not punish him and treat him with severity. And this is the halachah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThe sages permitted four vows (without absolution): the vows of the diligent, vows of exaggeration, vows of unwittingness, vows of constraint. \"The vows of the diligent\": How so? If one were selling something and said: \"Konam if I sell it to you for less than a sela\" [i.e., This loaf is konam to me if I sell it to you for less than a sela. A sela is four dinars], and the other said: \"Konam, that I shall not give you more than a shekel\" [a half-sela], both acquiesce in three dinars [and they did not intend a formal vow; but the seller \"vowed\" in order to \"spur\" the buyer to pay more, and the buyer, likewise, to get the seller to accept less, for which reason it is not a real vow. And even though \"the heart's thoughts are of no account,\" here, where it is evident that this is their intent, this being the practice of buyers and sellers, we do entertain \"the heart's thoughts.\"] R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: Also one who wishes to bevow his friend to eat with him. [The gemara explains that something is lacking here and that this is what is meant: If one desires that his friend eat with him, and importunes him, and bevows him, this (too) is (in the category of) \"the vows of the diligent.\" And if one wishes his vows of the entire year not to \"take,\" he should arise on Rosh Hashanah and] say: \"Let every vow that I shall make be void.\" [He need not necessarily do so on Rosh Hashanah, but the same obtains whenever he wishes to do so and for whichever time period he designates] so long as he is conscious [of the condition (that the vow not \"take\")] at the time of the vow, [and he wishes the condition to apply. Only then is the vow void. But if he were not conscious of the condition when he vowed or immediately thereafter, the vow \"takes.\" And it goes without saying that if he were conscious of the condition when he vowed and desired that the condition be void and that the vow \"take,\" it \"takes.\" The laws of oaths and of vows are similar in this regard. The halachah is in accordance with R. Eliezer b. Yaakov.]",
+ "\t\"Vows of exaggeration\" [hyperbole, where he himself knows that it is not so]: If he said: \"Konam, if I did not see on this road as many as left Egypt,\" \"if I did not see a serpent as (thick as) the beam of the olive press.\" \"Vows of unwittingness\": If he said: \"Konam, [this loaf to me] if I have eaten or if I have drunk,\" and he remembered that he had eaten or drunk [and at the time of the vow he thought he had not eaten or drunk, it is no vow.] If he said \"Konam, if I eat or drink (from you),\" and he forgot and ate or drank, (it is no vow) [for at the time when the vow was to have \"taken,\" the time of eating or drinking, he had forgotten the vow, so that it is permitted. This is derived from oaths, where it is written (Leviticus 5:4): \"a man with an oath,\" it being required that he be \"a man\" at the time the oath is to take effect; that is, that he be conscious of the oath. And the same applies to vows.] (If he said:) \"Konam, my wife from benefitting from me because she stole my purse\" or \"because she beat my son,\" and he discovered that she had not stolen it or beaten him, [these are unwitting vows, for discovering that she did not steal it cancels the vow retroactively]. If he saw people eating figs, and he said: \"Let them be forbidden to you as korban,\" and then he found that they (the eaters) were his father and mother, and others with them — Beth Shammai say: They (his parents) are permitted, and those with them, forbidden. And Beth Hillel say: Both are permitted. [For \"a vow that is partially voided is entirely voided,\" the vower desiring that the vow \"take\" as he vowed it; and since part of it was unwitting, it is entirely void.]",
+ "\t\"Vows of constraint\": If his friend bevowed him to eat with him, and he took ill, or his son took ill, or he were stopped by an (overflowing) river — these are vows of constraint. [For in the beginning it was not his intent that the vow \"take\" if he be detained perforce; and when the intent is evident, \"the heart's thoughts\" are entertained.]",
+ "\tOne is permitted to vow to haragin, and charamin, and mochsin that something is terumah even though it is not terumah. [\"haragin\": robbers, who kill men and take their money. \"charamin\": thieves, who do not kill. We are being taught: \"Not only these (i.e., haragin), but even these (i.e., charamin).\" \"mochsin\": This refers to a self-appointed mochess (tax collector), but if he were appointed by the king, whether a king of Israel or a gentile king, and he takes a fixed amount by law of the kingdom, \"The law of the kingdom is the law,\" and it is forbidden to evade the tax, and, it goes without saying, to vow and swear falsely to him. \"that it is terumah\": Even though they kill and steal, they do not eat forbidden food. Or it may be that terumah is not valued by them, being eaten only by Cohanim in a state of cleanliness, so that it is sold cheap.] (And one is permitted to vow) that it belongs to the palace even though it does not belong to the palace. Beth Shammai say: With all (expressions) one may vow, except with an oath. And Beth Hillel say: Even with an oath. Beth Shammai say: He should not open to him with an oath. [If the robber did not ask him to vow, he should not do so of his own accord.] Beth Hillel say: He may even open to him. Beth Shammai say: With what he bevows him. [If the robber asks him to vow, he should vow only with respect to what he was asked and not with respect to something else.] And Beth Hillel say: Even with respect to what he was not asked. How so? If they said to him: Say: \"Konam, my wife from benefitting from me,\" and he said\" \"Konam, my wife and children from benefitting from me,\" Beth Shammai say: His wife is permitted and his children forbidden. And Beth Hillel say: Both are permitted. [With all of these four vows of our Mishnah, the laws of vows and oaths are alike, what is permitted with vows being permitted with oaths. And absolution is required only with \"the vows of the diligent,\" this being an ordinance of the scribes, for which reason oaths are forbidden with them.]",
+ "\t\"These plants are korban if they are not cut down,\" \"This cloak is korban if it is not burned,\" [If he saw a storm coming, and fearing that his plants would be cut down, said \"These shall be korban if they are not cut down\"; or if he saw a fire in the city, and fearing that his cloak would be burned, said: \"Let it be korban if it is not burned\"], they may be redeemed [as other dedications. He redeems them and purchases a korban (an offering) at their worth. For since he did not say: \"They are korban upon me,\" his intent was not to forbid them to himself as a korban, but to purchase a korban at their worth.] (If he said:) \"These plants are korban until they are cut down,\" \"This cloak is korban until it is burned,\" they have no redemption. [But dedication \"takes\" on the (redemption) money, and the plants revert to their status of dedication. For since he said: \"until they are cut down,\" his meaning is: \"When I redeem them, they shall revert to their status of dedication until they are cut down.\"]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from those who go down to the sea, he is permitted to those who dwell on the land, [for it is not their custom to go down to the sea]. (If he bevows himself from) those who dwell on the land, he is forbidden to those who go down to the sea. For those who go down to the sea are in the class of those who dwell on the land, [being destined to return and dwell on the land.] Not as those who go from Acco to Yaffo, but to one who sets sail. [Some explain it thus: The first part of the Mishnah: \"If one bevows himself from 'those who go down to the sea,' he is permitted to those who dwell on the land,\" which implies that he is forbidden to those who go down to the sea — this refers \"not to those who go from Acco to Yaffo.\" For one who bevows himself from those who go down to the sea is not forbidden to them, such a small distance not qualifying as \"going down to the sea.\" Others explain it: Not as those who go from Acco to Yaffo alone, i.e., Not only are they in the class of \"those who go down to the sea\" to be forbidden, and are also called \"those who dwell on the land,\" but even one who is wont to set sail, for he is destined to return to the land.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from \"the seers of the sun,\" he is forbidden to the blind, too. For he intended only \"those seen by the sun.\" [not having said: \"from the seeing.\"]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from \"the black of head,\" he is forbidden to the bald and the grey, [not having spoken of those who have hair], and he is permitted to women and children, for only men are called \"the black of head.\" [For men sometimes conceal their heads and sometimes reveal and \"blacken\" them, whereby it is seen that they are men. But women always go with their heads covered, and (young) children, both male and female, go with heads uncovered and cannot be (readily) distinguished as male or female. For this reason, only grown men are called \"the black of head.\"]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from yilodim [connoting those who have already been born], he is permitted to noladim [connoting those who will be born.] If he bevows himself from noladim, he is forbidden (also) to yilodim. R. Meir also permits yilodim. [The gemara explains that something is missing, and that this is what is meant: If he bevows himself from noladim, he is forbidden to yilodim. R. Meir says: Also one who bevows himself from noladim is permitted to yilodim, just as one who bevows himself from yilodim is permitted to noladim.] And the sages say: This one (who made the vow) intended only those who procreate, [such as men and animals, to exclude birds and fishes, which do not procreate, but which lay eggs.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from those who rest on the Sabbath, he is forbidden to Israelites and forbidden to Cuthites. From garlic eaters, he is forbidden to Israelites and forbidden to Cuthites. [One of the ten ordinances of Ezra was to eat garlic on Sabbath nights, garlic increasing semen, and Sabbath night being the conjugal time of Torah scholars.] From those who go up to Jerusalem, he is forbidden to Israelites and permitted to Cuthites. [For Cuthites do not go up (to Jerusalem) for the festivals, even though this is Torah-ordained. For they hate Jerusalem and chose Mount Gerizim for themselves.]",
+ "\t\"Konam, that I derive no benefit from the sons of Noah,\" he is permitted to Israelites, [Israelites having left the class of \"the sons of Noah\"], and he is forbidden to the nations of the world, [even those of the seed of Abraham]. \"that I derive no benefit from the seed of Abraham,\" he is forbidden to Israelites [(And proselytes are also in the class of \"the seed of Abraham, it being written (Genesis 17:5): \"For I have made you the father of a multitude of nations.\")], and he is permitted to the nations of the world [even those who are the seed of Abraham, the sons of Jacob alone being called \"the seed of Abraham,\" it being written (Ibid. 21:12): \"For in Isaac shall there be called to you seed\" — \"in Isaac,\" and not all of Isaac.] \"that I derive no benefit from Israelites,\" he may buy for more (than its worth) and sell for less. \"that Israelites derive no benefit from me,\" he may buy for less and sell for more if they acquiesce. [That is, he may sell it for more than its worth if his neighbor agrees to such a transaction.] \"that I derive no benefit from them nor they from me,\" he may derive benefit from non-Jews. \"Konam, that I derive no benefit from the uncircumcised\" [His intent is those who do not believe in the covenant of circumcision], he is forbidden to uncircumcised Israelites and permitted to circumcised non-Jews. \"Konam, that I derive no benefit from the circumcised\" [those who believe in the covenant of circumcision], he is forbidden to uncircumcised Israelites [such as one whose brothers died because of circumcision], and permitted to circumcised non-Jews [such as an uncircumcised Arab or an uncircumcised Giveonite], for \"uncircumcised\" is an epithet for non-Jews, viz. (Jeremiah 9:26): \"For all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart,\" and (I Samuel 1:20): \"Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised exult.\" R. Elazar b. Azaryah says: Repugnant is uncircumcision, wherewith the wicked were execrated, viz.: \"For all the nations are uncircumcised.\" R. Yishmael says: Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision, which was given with thirteen covenants, [\"covenant\" appearing thirteen times in the section of (the mitzvah of) circumcision given to Abraham.] R. Yossi says: Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision, which overrides the stringent (mitzvah of the) Sabbath, [it being written (Leviticus 12:3): \"And on the eighth day he shall circumcise the flesh of his foreskin\" — even on the Sabbath.] R. Yehoshua b. Karchah says: Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision, for (remissness in) which Moses, the righteous one, would not have been granted a full moment's (commutation, but would have been killed forthwith had his wife not circumcised their son.) R. Nechemiah says: Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision, which overrides (the interdict against cutting) plague-spots. [For we expound (Leviticus 12:3): \"he shall circumcise\" — even at the site of a leprous lesion. And he is not in violation of the negative commandment (Deuteronomy 24:8): \"Be heedful of the plague-spot of leprosy.\"] Rebbi says: Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision; for with all the mitzvoth that Abraham our father performed, he was not called \"perfect\" until he circumcised himself, as it is written (in connection with circumcision) (Genesis 17:1): \"Walk before Me and be perfect.\" Another (homily): Great is (the mitzvah of) circumcision, wanting which the Holy One Blessed be He would not have created His world, viz. (Jeremiah 33:25): \"Thus says the L rd; If not for My covenant (of circumcision) day and night, the ordinances of heaven and earth I would not have made.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThere is no difference between bevowing benefit from one's neighbor and bevowing food from him, but \"the treading of the foot\" [to pass through his land] or [to borrow from him] vessels not used for food [preparation, these being permitted to one who bevows himself from food, and forbidden to one who bevows himself from benefit.] If one bevows himself of food from his friend, he should not lend him a winnow, sieve, mill, or oven, [these being used in the processing of food, and, it goes without saying, a pot or a spit, which holds the food itself. The \"bevowing from food\" of our Mishnah is one's saying: \"The enjoyment of your food upon me, konam.\"], but he may lend him garment, ring, cloak, ear-rings, and all things which are not used for food preparation. In a place where such things are hired out, it is forbidden. [For since it is customary to hire them out, and he (the lender) waives the rental, with that money, he (the borrower) can buy food — but he had bevowed him from (any) benefit which leads to (the procuring of) food.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from one's neighbor, he may give his shekel [the half-shekel that every man in Israel gives every year for the congregational offerings. The vower may give it for him because he thereby simply performs a mitzvah.], and he may pay his debt [Some understand this as applying only to an instance where the borrower stipulated with the lender that he could repay the loan whenever he wished and not be \"pressured\" for it, so that now, by repaying his loan, he is not (directly) benefitting him at all. Others understand it as applying to all debts. For (by paying the debt) he merely prevents his creditor from claiming it, and preventing a claim is not considered \"benefitting\"], and he may return his lost object [whether the property of the returner were forbidden to the owner of the lost object, or the property of the owner of the lost object were forbidden to the returner, for he is (simply) performing a mitzvah.] In a place where one is paid for this, the benefit falls to hekdesh (the Temple). [When both bevow benefit from each other, if he (one of them) takes pay, he is found to benefit; and if he does not take it, he is found to benefit the other. Therefore, the money falls to hekdesh. And we do not say: \"Let him take the benefit to the Dead Sea,\" for he forbade benefit to himself as hekdesh, for which reason any benefit accruing to him thereby reverts to hekdesh.]",
+ "\tAnd he may tithe his terumah and his ma'aseroth to his knowledge [As when he said: \"All who wish to tithe (my produce) may come and do so.\" But he may not tell him to do so, for he thereby makes him his messenger, and he derives pleasure through the other's doing his bidding], and he may sacrifice for him the bird offerings of zavin, zavoth, and women who have given birth [A Cohein from whom an Israelite has bevowed benefit may sacrifice these offerings for him.], and he may teach him medrash [Sifra, and Sifrei, which is the medrash of the verses], halachoth [\"halachoth to Moses from Sinai\"], and aggadoth [the words of the sages, which they linked to the verses. The reason he is permitted to teach him all these is that one is not permitted to take pay for teaching these, and there is no \"benefit,\" for he is (simply) performing a mitzvah.], but he may not teach him Scripture. [For it is permitted to take pay for the teaching of Scripture; for he takes it only for the teaching of the proper cantillation of the verses. Since this is not a mitzvah of the Torah, it is permitted to take pay for it, and if he does not take it, he is found to have benefitted him. And this applies only in a place where it is customary to be paid for teaching cantillation; but in a place where it is not customary to be paid, it is permitted to teach him cantillation, too.] But he may teach his sons and his daughters Scripture [Even though it is a mitzvah for the father to teach his son, so that he thereby relieves him of his obligation, this is not called \"benefitting,\" for \"mitzvoth were not given for 'benefitting.'\" And it is also possible that he could find another to teach him gratis.], and he may feed his wife and his children even though he himself is obliged to feed them; but he may not feed his beast, whether clean or unclean. [For he wishes it to be fattened and he benefits thereby.] R. Eliezer says: He may feed the unclean beast, but not the clean one. They asked him: What is the difference between the unclean and the clean? He answered: The clean one — its soul goes to heaven, and its body goes to him. The unclean one — both its soul and its body go to heaven. [For it is used for working and he is not concerned about its being fattened. They replied: The unclean one, too — its soul goes to heaven, and its body is his; for if he wishes, he can sell it to a non-Jew [for food and receive more for its having been fattened], or he can feed it to the dogs.",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from his neighbor, and he comes in to visit him, he may stand, but not sit. [Our Mishnah speaks of the property of the visitor being forbidden to the sick one, in a place where one is paid for sitting with a sick person, so that if he sits with him and does not take the customary payment, he benefits him. But standing is just for a short time and it is not customary to take payment for it.] And he may heal him, the healing of soul [i.e., his body], but not the healing of property [the healing of his beast. For one is obligated to heal his friend if he takes ill, viz. (Deuteronomy 22:2): \"And you shall return it to him\" — to include bodily restoration (i.e., healing), and he does a mitzvah thereby. Therefore, even though he bevowed himself of benefit from him, he may heal him with his hands (i.e., directly) when he himself takes ill. But if his beast is sick, he may not heal it with his hands because he benefits him thereby. However, he may say to him: This drug is good for it; this drug is bad for it.] And he may bathe with him in a big tub, but not in a small one. [For he benefits him by \"lifting\" the water upon him.] And he may sleep with him in one bed. R. Yehudah says: In the summertime, but not in the wintertime [because he warms him. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.] And he may sit with him on one bed, and he may eat with him at one table, but not from the tamchui. [He may not eat with him from one plate, lest he leave off eating a \"goodly portion\" of it, so that the other, who bevowed benefit from him, eat it; or lest he move a piece close to him so that he eat it, thereby benefitting him.] But he may eat from a tamchui that returns [to the owner. Reuven may eat from a plate that he knows will be sent back to Shimon, who bevowed benefit from him, after it returns to the owner. And we are not concerned that he might leave something in the plate for Shimon to eat, thereby benefitting him.] He may not eat with him from the evus (placed) before the workers, [a large receptacle that they would fill with food and from which the workers would eat together], and he may not work with him together on the border bed. These are the words of R. Meir. [He may not harvest with him in the same row that he is harvesting, for he assists him in finishing his work quickly by providing open spaces before him, thereby benefitting him. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.] The sages say: He may work at a distance from him.",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from his friend before shevi'ith (the shemitah year), he may not go down to his field, and he may not eat from the nototh [the fruits hanging (notin) outside the orchard.] And on shevi'ith, he may not go down to his field, but he may eat from the nototh. [Even though the Torah made the fruits of shevi'ith hefker (ownerless), it did not make the land itself hefker, and we fear lest, when he is not eating the fruits, he might remain and linger in the field, and derive enjoyment from the field itself, which is not hefker.] If he bevowed \"food\" before shevi'ith, he may go down to his field, but he may not eat from the fruits. And on shevi'ith, he may go down and eat.",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from his neighbor, he may not lend him (objects) and he may not borrow from him; he may not lend him (money) and he may not borrow from him. [(\"He may not lend him (objects)\": a decree lest he borrow from him after having bevowed benefitting from him. Likewise, he may not lend (money) to him, a decree lest he borrow from him.] He may not sell to him and he may not buy from him. [He may not sell to him below cost, a decree lest he buy from him below cost and thereby benefit from him.] If a man said (to his neighbor): \"Lend me your bullock,\" and the other said: \"It is not free now,\" and the first: \"Konam, if I ever plow my field with it (your bullock)!\" If it were his practice to plow it, he is forbidden (to use the) bullock, and all others permitted. (For he intended only that he not plow it, as was his wont, but others may do so.)] If it were not his practice to plow it, he and all others are forbidden. [His intent was that neither he nor others plow it.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from his neighbor, and he (the first) has nothing to eat, [The common instance is given. The same is true if he has what to eat], he (the neighbor) may go to a shopkeeper and tell him: \"That man has bevowed benefit from me, and I do not know what to do,\" and he (the shopkeeper) can give him (food) and come and take (payment) from this one (the neighbor) [if he wishes to pay him; and he (the first) does not transgress his vow. But he cannot force him (the neighbor) to pay him, for he did not tell him: \"Give him and I shall pay you.\" And if he did tell him, it is forbidden, because he thereby makes him his messenger.] If he (the first) had a house to build, a fence to put up, a field to harvest, he (the neighbor) may go to workers and say to them: \"That man has bevowed benefit from me, and I do not know what to do.\" They may work for him (the first) and come and take their wage from this one (the neighbor).",
+ "\tIf they were walking on the road, and he had nothing to eat, he (the neighbor) may give (food) to another as a gift, and this one (the bevower) is permitted to take it. If there is no other with them, he may place it on a rock or on a fence and say: \"It is hefker for whoever wants it,\" and he may take it and eat it. R. Yossi forbids it. [For since he is the only one there to take it, it is like a gift. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi. And it is only for one who has nothing to eat that the rabbis permitted it, but not for another.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tPartners who bevowed benefit from each other are forbidden to enter the courtyard. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: This one enters his and that one enter his. [Partners, each of whom has a house in a courtyard, and both are partners in the court before the houses, where there is a law of division in the courtyard, i.e., when for each house there are four cubits in the courtyard in front of the house and there remain in the courtyard an additional four cubits for each one — in such an instance all agree that both are forbidden to enter the courtyard until they divide it, the law of division obtaining. R. Eliezer and the rabbis differ only with respect to a courtyard where the law of division does not obtain, the rabbis holding that each one enters his neighbor's (property), and R. Eliezer b. Yaakov holding that there is breirah (retroactive identification), and each one enters his own.] And both are forbidden to place a mill and an oven there or to raise chickens there. [R. Eliezer b. Yaakov concedes in all of these instances that partners can stop each other, it not being possible to permit this on grounds of breirah. For since it is possible for him to stop him and he does not do so, he is found to benefit him.] If one of them had bevowed benefit from his neighbor, he may not enter the courtyard. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: He may say to him: \"I am entering what is mine, and I am not entering what is yours.\" And the bevower is compelled to sell his portion. [For we fear that since he sees his neighbor entering, he might forget and, likewise, enter. But when both are forbidden, this is not to be feared. And it is only when one vowed of himself not to benefit from his neighbor that we compel him to sell his portion. But if his neighbor bevowed him not to benefit from him, he is anuss (\"forced\"), and he is not compelled to sell, for what could he do? If this were permitted, every partner would bevow the other not to benefit from him in order to compel him to sell him his portion!]",
+ "\tIf one \"from the marketplace\" were bevowed benefit from one of them, he may not enter the courtyard. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: He may say to him: \"I am entering what is my friend's, and I am not entering what is yours.\" [This is taught to apprise us of the \"power\" of R. Eliezer b. Yaakov — that even one from the marketplace, who has no portion in the courtyard, is permitted to enter it on grounds of breirah. The halachah is in accordance with R. Eliezer b. Yaakov.]",
+ "\tIf one were bevowed benefit from his neighbor, and he had a bath-house or an olive press rented in the city, if he had a \"hand-grasp\" in it, it is forbidden; if he did not have a \"hand-grasp\" in it, it is forbidden. [If Reuven were forbidden from benefitting Shimon's property, and Shimon had a bath-house in the city or an olive press, which he rented to others, and Reuven came to use them — we see if Shimon had left himself a place in this bath-house or wine-press which he had not rented to others, such as a pit in the bath-house, and the like. (If he had left himself a place) Reuven is forbidden from using them; if not, he is permitted.] If one said to his neighbor: \"Konam, if I enter your house, or if I buy your field,\" if he died or sold it to another, it is permitted. (If he said: \"Konam, if I enter this house, or if I buy this field,\" if he died or sold it to another, it is forbidden. [For since he said: \"your house\" or \"your field,\" he intended it to apply only when they were his; but if he said: \"this house\" or \"this field,\" he forbade them to himself forever.]",
+ "\t(If one said to his neighbor:) \"I am cherem to you\" [Benefitting from me is forbidden to you as cherem (dedicated property) — you may not benefit from me], the bevowed one is forbidden [even if he did not answer \"Amen\"; for one may forbid his friend from benefitting from him.] (If he said:) \"You are cherem to me,\" [forbidding to himself all benefit from his neighbor], the vower is forbidden. \"I am (cherem) to you, and you are (cherem) to me,\" they are both forbidden. And they are both permitted with what appertains to those who come up from Bavel [such as a well for those who come up for the festivals. For they would come up from Bavel to Eretz Yisrael for the festivals. The well was in the middle of the way, and all of Israel could use it, being as hefker (ownerless), and not as something jointly owned.], and they are forbidden with what appertains to that city.",
+ "\tWhat is \"what appertains to those who come up from Bavel\"? Such as: the Temple Mount, the azaroth (the Temple courts), and the well in the middle of the way. And what is \"what appertains to that city\"? Such as: the open place [the marketplaces in the city], the bath-house, the house of prayer, the book chest, and the books [which the city people buy to learn in.] R. Yehudah says: He can either write it over to the Nassi or write it over to any person. [The gemara explains that this is what is meant: And what is their remedy? They can write over their portion to the Nassi. That is, those who bevowed benefit from each other and are forbidden to use the open place of the city, the book chest, and the books — each one can write over his share in these to the Nassi, after which he is permitted to use them. For each of them will then be making use of the holding of the Nassi, and none of them will be benefitting from his neighbor.] What is the difference between writing it over to the Nassi and writing it over to any person? If he writes it over to the Nassi, he does not require ceding. [If they write it over to the Nassi, they need not cede it to him through (the acquisition of) another, the Nassi acquiring it because of his eminence, even though it is not ceded to him through another.] And the sages say: Both require ceding (by acquisition). The Nassi is mentioned because that (writing it over to the Nassi) is the common instance. R. Yehudah says: The men of the Galil need not write it over, for their fathers already wrote it over for them. [The men of the Galil were highly contentious, and in their anger they would bevow benefit from each other — at which their fathers arose and wrote over their shares to the Nassi, so that if their sons after them bevowed benefit from each other, they would not be forbidden to use the open place of the city, the book chest, or the books, these being the holding of the Nassi.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows benefit from his neighbor, and he (the first) has nothing to eat, he (the neighbor) may give it to another as a gift, and this one (the first) is permitted to (eat it). It happened with one in Beth Choron that his father had bevowed benefit from him. [The gemara explains that something is lacking in our Mishnah and that this is what is meant: \"And if the end 'sheds light' on the beginning, it is forbidden. And it also happened in Beth Choron that \"one's end shed light on his beginning, etc.\"] He (the son) was marrying off his son and he said to his neighbor: \"The courtyard and the feast are given to you as a gift, and they are given to you only so that my father may come and partake of the feast with us.\" [It is clear in this instance that he gave them only so that his father should come and eat, and this is forbidden. But if he said: \"Here they are, and, if you will, let Father come and eat,\" this is permitted. And if the meal itself \"sheds light,\" i.e., if he prepared a lot more than was needed (for the other), it being clear that he did so, so that his father come and eat, it is forbidden.] He (the other) said to him: \"If they are mine, they are dedicated to Heaven.\" The son: \"I did not give you what is mine so that you could dedicate it to Heaven!\" The other: \"You gave me what was yours only so that you and your father could eat and drink and be reconciled with each other, and the sin (of vows) will be on my head!\" And when the sages were apprised of this, they said: Any gift \"which is not,\" which if he (the receiver) dedicates it, is not dedicated, is not a gift."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from what is cooked, [If he said: \"Konam to me what is cooked\"], he is permitted (to eat) what is roasted or what is shaluk. [Everything which is cooked more than required is called \"shaluk\" (boiled).] If he said: \"Konam, that I not eat cookery,\" he is forbidden (to eat) \"soft cookery\" [which is eaten with bread], and permitted to eat \"thick cookery\" [which is eaten without bread]. And he is permitted (to eat) a tramita egg [cooked in hot water and kept from hardening], and a harmutzah cucumber [a cucumber baked in remetz, hot ashes, whereby it is sweetened.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from a kedeirah dish, [something made from flour boiled in a pot], he is forbidden only boiled dishes. If he said: \"Konam my tasting what goes into the kedeirah,\" he is forbidden (to eat) all that is cooked in a kedeirah. [The rule: With vows, the language of the time and place is the criterion. And if there is a place where \"roasted\" is called \"cooked,\" and \"cooked\" is called \"roasted,\" then if one bevows himself from what is \"cooked,\" he is forbidden (to eat) what is roasted, and the like. And if the majority use one term and the minority another, we do not say: \"Follow the majority,\" but the possibility of a vow obtains, and wherever there is such a possibility, the stringent option is followed.]",
+ "\t(If one bevows himself) from \"hakavush\" (\"the preserve\"), he is forbidden (to eat) only vegetable preserve, [for \"preserve,\" in general, is vegetable preserve.] (If he said:) \"that I not taste kavush\" [(This connotes all kinds of preserve. Likewise, \"shaluk,\" \"tzalui,\" \"maluach,\" without the heh (\"the\") connotes all varieties of shaluk, of tzalui, and of maluach.)], he is forbidden (to eat) all kavush. from \"hashaluk,\" he is forbidden to eat only shaluk of meat. \"that I not taste shaluk,\" he is forbidden (to eat) all shaluk. from \"hatzali,\" he is forbidden (to eat) only tzali of meat. These are the word of R. Yehudah. \"that I not taste tzali,\" he is forbidden (to eat) all tzali. from \"maliach,\" he is forbidden (to eat) only maliach of fish. \"that I not taste maliach,\" he is forbidden to taste all maliach.",
+ "\t\"that I not eat fish, fishes,\" [neither fish nor fishes — everything is implied], he is forbidden (to eat) them — whether big or small, whether salted or unsalted, whether raw or cooked. And he is permitted (to eat) hashed tarith and brine. [(\"hashed tarith\":) fish which is cut up in pieces and sold. Its name is unique to it, and it is included in \"fish and fishes.\" (\"brine\":) liquid exuded by salted fish.] If one bevows himself from tzachanah [a mixture of hashed fish is called \"tzachanah,\" as in (Avodah Zarah 40a): \"that boat of tzachanta\"], he is forbidden (to eat) hashed tarith and permitted (to eat) brine and muries [since the fish substance itself is not absorbed in them.] If one bevows himself from hashed tarith, he is forbidden (to eat) brine and muries. [For \"hashed\" connotes all things in which fish matter is intermixed.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from milk, he is permitted (to eat) kom [whey milkcurds, the serum exuded by cheese]. R. Yossi forbids it. from \"hakom,\" he is permitted (to drink) milk. Abba Shaul says: If one bevows himself from \"hagevinah\" (\"the cheese\"), he is forbidden to eat it, whether salted or unsalted. [i.e., it is not to be said that \"hagevinah\" connotes a distinctive cheese, which is not eaten without salt. The halachah is in accordance with Abba Shaul.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from meat, he is permitted (to eat) meat-broth and keifeh. [Broth solidified at the bottom of the pot is called \"keifeh.\"] R. Yehudah forbids it [since it has the flavor of meat. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.] R. Yehudah said: \"Once R. Tarfon forbade to me eggs which had been cooked with it!\" They said to him: \"So it should be! When is it so (that it is forbidden)? When he says: 'This meat (is forbidden) to me.'\" [For since he said: \"This meat,\" he forbade it to himself and forbade its taste. But if he said: \"konam meat to me,\" he forbade to himself only what is called \"meat.\"] For if one bevows himself from something and it becomes intermixed with something else, if there is in it (the bevowed thing) enough to impart its flavor (to the thing it is intermixed with), it is forbidden.",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from wine, he is permitted (to eat) a dish which has the flavor of wine. [as per the rabbis to R. Yehudah (above)]. If he said: \"Konam, that I not taste this wine,\" and it fell into a dish, if there is in it enough to impart a flavor, it is forbidden. If one bevowed himself from grapes, he is permitted (to drink) wine. (If he bevowed himself) from olives, he is permitted (to ingest) oil. If he said: \"Konam these olives and grapes, that I not eat them,\" he is forbidden (to eat) them and what is exuded from them.",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from dates, he is permitted (to eat) date-honey. from \"sitvaniyoth\" [inferior grapes left on the vines in the fall (stav). They are not fit for wine, and vinegar is made from them], he is permitted (to eat) sitvaniyoth-vinegar. R. Yehudah b. Betheira says: Any thing whose products are called by its name [and even though it has changed, it is called by the name of its source, e.g., \"date-honey,\" \"sitvaniyoth-vinegar\"] — if he bevows himself from it, he is forbidden (to eat) also what comes from it. And the sages permit it. [The difference between the first tanna and the sages is that the first tanna holds that one who bevows himself from sitvaniyoth is permitted (to eat) the vinegar exuded by them, but is forbidden to eat the sitvaniyoth themselves. \"And the sages permit\" the sitvaniyoth themselves. For since sitvaniyoth are not eaten (as a rule), when he bevowed himself from \"sitvaniyoth,\" his intent was the vinegar exuded by them, not the sitvaniyoth themselves. The halachah is in accordance with the sages. Another interpretation: \"And the sages permit sitvaniyoth-vinegar just as they do date-honey, the sages holding that both with things fit to eat and with things not fit to eat, if one forbids a particular thing to himself, he is permitted to eat what comes out of it.]",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from wine, he is permitted to drink apple wine; from oil, he is permitted (to ingest) sesame oil; from honey, he is permitted (to eat) date-honey; from vinegar, he is permitted (to eat) sitvaniyoth-vinegar; from leeks, he is permitted (to eat) kaflototh [a kind of leek grown in Eretz Yisrael]; from greens, he is permitted (to eat) field-greens, for it (\"field\") is a conjunctive term. [In \"field-greens,\" one conjoins a word (\"field\") to \"greens\" to say \"field-greens,\" and so with all (conjunctive expressions). But on shevi'ith, since garden-greens are not found (for they do not grow without tillage), and (only) field-greens are eaten, \"greens,\" unqualified, on shevi'ith, as opposed to the other years, is understood as field-greens.]",
+ "\t(If one bevows himself) from cabbage, he is forbidden (to eat) asparagus [a kind of cabbage. But cabbage is not called asparagus. Another interpretation: \"asparagus\" — the water in which asparagus is boiled.] (If he bevows himself) from asparagus, he is permitted (to eat) cabbage. from beans, he is forbidden (to eat) mikpeh [a thick dish of beans or of pudding. For even though they are inserted in the mikpeh, they are still called \"beans.\" R. Yossi permits it. [For he holds that it is called a \"mikpeh\" of beans, but not \"beans\" alone. from mikpeh he is permitted (to eat) beans. from mikpeh, he is forbidden (to eat) garlic. [They used to put garlic into every mikpeh to give it a taste, and the garlic is the \"mikpeh.\"] R. Yossi permits it. from ashishim, he is permitted (to eat) lentils. [ashishim are the remnants of lentils. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi in all three instances in our Mishnah.] \"wheat, wheats that I not taste,\" [\"wheat\" connotes a baked loaf; \"wheats,\" chewing matter], he is forbidden (to eat) them, whether flour or loaf. \"beans, beans that I not taste,\" he is forbidden (to eat) them, whether raw or cooked. R. Yehudah says (If he says:) \"Konam, that I not eat bean or wheat,\" he is permitted to chew them raw."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from greens, he is permitted to eat cucumbers. R. Akiva forbids it. They asked R. Akiva: But doesn't a man tell his messenger: 'Buy me greens,' and he (the messenger) says: 'I found only cucumbers!'\" [And if they are greens, why does he not buy them?] He replied: \"Exactly! Would he say to him: 'I found only beans!' It must be then that cucumbers are included in 'greens,' and beans are not.\" [i.e., that proves my point. Would he say: \"I found only beans!\" Since he comes to ask him whether to purchase cucumbers, this indicates that it is a type of greens. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] And he is forbidden (to eat) wet Egyptian bean, and permitted (to eat it) dry.",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from grain, he is forbidden (to eat) dry Egyptian bean. [For \"grain\" connotes all that comes from grain, everything from which a pile is made. And this, too, comes from grain.] These are the words of R. Meir. The sages say: He is forbidden (to eat) only the five species. R. Meir says: If one bevows himself from \"produce,\" he is forbidden (to eat) only the five species. But if he bevows himself from grain, he is forbidden (to eat) all [types of beans from which a pile is made. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.], and he is permitted (to eat) fruits and greens.",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from \"covering,\" he is permitted (to cover himself with) sackcloth, tent-cloth, and chamilah (coarse stuff) [These are materials especially rough and thick, and people are not wont to cover themselves with them.] If he said: \"Konam, if wool come upon me,\" he is permitted to cover himself with strips of wool. [For he intended only a garment of wool.] (If he said: \"Konam) if flax come upon me,\" he is permitted to cover himself with stalks of flax. R. Yehudah says: All according to him who vows. [i.e., according to the time of the vow. If it is clear that he vowed because of the heaviness of the load, he is permitted to cover himself (with the material he is carrying). The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.] (e.g.,) If he were carrying a load and sweating, and giving off a foul odor, and he said: \"Konam if wool or flax come upon me,\" he is permitted to cover himself (with it as a garment), but forbidden to throw it over his back (as a load).",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from a house [not to enter a house], he is permitted [to enter] an upper story, [it not being included in \"house.\"] These are the words of R. Meir. The sages say an upper story is included in \"house.\" If one bevows himself from an upper story, he is permitted to enter a house.",
+ "\tIf one bevows himself from a bed, he is permitted (to sleep) on a dargesh [a small bed placed in front of a big bed, by which to mount it.] These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: \"dargesh\" is included in \"bed.\" If one bevows himself from a dargesh, he is permitted (to sleep) in a bed. If one bevows himself from a city, he is permitted to enter the t'chum (Sabbath boundary) of the city [two thousand cubits on every side roundabout], and he is forbidden to enter its ibbur (the outskirts) [the houses that project from it seventy cubits and \"a remnant\" (until eighty), as a woman who is pregnant (me'ubereth), whose stomach projects outwards.] But one who bevows himself from a house is forbidden from the agaf [\"the closing of the door\"] and inwards [as in (Nechemiah 7:3): \"yagifu (Let them close) the doors and bar them.\" The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir in all of our Mishnah.]",
+ "\tIf one says: \"Konam, these fruits upon me,\" (or) \"They are konam by my mouth,\" or \"They are konam to my mouth,\" he is forbidden their exchanges or their growths. [If he had exchanged them, what he received for them is forbidden to him. For the rabbis decreed (as forbidden) the proceeds of things from which it is forbidden to benefit. And the growths of \"konam\" are forbidden as are the growths of hekdesh (Temple dedications).] (If he said:) \"I shall not eat,\" (or) \"I shall not taste\" [forbidding to himself only eating or tasting alone], he is permitted their exchanges or their growths — in a thing whose seed ends. But in a thing whose seed does not end [such as onions and the like], even the growths of their growths are forbidden [being like the forbidden thing itself in that its seed does not end.]",
+ "\tIf one says to his wife: \"Konam, the work of your hands upon me,\" [He forbids to himself everything that she does and prepares for him. And if she plants a tree, its growths are forbidden to him.], (or) \"They are konam by my mouth,\" or \"They are konam to my mouth,\" he is forbidden their exchanges or their growths. (If he said:) \"I shall not eat,\" (or) \"I shall not taste,\" he is permitted their exchanges or their growths — in a thing whose seed ends. But in a thing whose seed does not end, even the growths of their growths are forbidden.",
+ "\t(If one said: \"What you make, I shall not eat until Pesach,\" (or) \"What you make, I shall not wear until Pesach,\" [The implication is: What you make now, I shall not eat until Pesach; but after Pesach I shall eat it.], if she made it before Pesach, he may eat it or cover himself with it after Pesach. (If he said:) \"What you make before Pesach, I shall not eat,\" (or) \"What you make before Pesach, I shall not wear,\" [the implication being: Whatever you make from today until Pesach, I shall never eat — even after Pesach], if she made it before Pesach, he may not eat it or cover himself with it after Pesach.",
+ "\t(If one said to his wife: \"I bevow) your benefitting from me until Pesach if you go to your father's house until the festival (Succoth),\" [If it were after Succoth and he forbade her benefitting from him until Pesach if she went to her father's house until Succoth], if she went before Pesach, she is forbidden benefit until Pesach; (if she went) after Pesach, he is in transgression of breaking his vow. [That is, if she went after Pesach, he is in transgression of breaking his vow retroactively for what she benefitted from him before Pesach.] (If he said to her: \"I bevow) your benefitting from me until the festival if you go to your father's house until Pesach,\" if she went before Pesach, she is forbidden to benefit from him until the festival, and she is permitted to go after Pesach."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\t(If one says:) \"konam, that I not taste wine today,\" it is forbidden only until it gets dark. [For this is how men speak. When they say \"today,\" they mean until the day is complete.] (If one says: \"Konam, that I not taste wine) this week,\" [If it were the middle of the week, and he said: \"This week\"], he is forbidden the entire week and the Sabbath past. [He is also forbidden on the Sabbath day, it being included in the week that has passed.] (If one says: \"Konam, that I not taste wine ) this month,\" he is forbidden the entire month, and Rosh Chodesh is future. [If it were the middle of the month, and he said; \"This month,\" he is forbidden until the end of the month, and Rosh Chodesh is future. He is permitted on Rosh Chodesh, for it is counted with the month co come, even if Rosh Chodesh were on the thirtieth day of the month that passed.] (If one says: \"Konam that I not taste wine) this year,\" he is forbidden the entire year, and Rosh Hashanah is future. [If it were the middle of the year, and he said: \"This year,\" he is forbidden until the end of the year, and he is permitted on Rosh Hashanah, it being counted with the year to come.] (If one says: \"Konam that I not taste wine) this shavua,\" he is forbidden the entire shavua and the shevi'ith that passed. [If it were the middle of shemitah (a seven-year period), and he said: \"This shavua,\" he is forbidden until the end of the shemitah, and the seventh year is included in the shemitah year that has passed.] And if he says: \"one day,\" \"one week,\" \"one month,\" \"one year,\" \"one shavua,\" he is forbidden from day to day. [If it were the middle of the day, and he said: \"one day,\" he is forbidden until the same time the next day. Similarly, if it were the eighth day of the month, and he said: \"This month,\" he is forbidden until the eighth day of the next month. And so with a year, and so with shemitah. Likewise, if he said: \"Konam, that I not taste wine a day,\" unqualified, or \"a week,\" or \"a month,\" or \"a year\" — even though he did not say \"one month,\" \"one week,\" \"one month,\" he is forbidden \"from hour to hour.\" And if one says: \"Konam, that I not taste wine today,\" even though it is permitted when it gets dark, he must ask (absolution) of a sage — a decree lest he come to permit it when he says \"a day,\" unqualified, confusing \"a day\" with \"today,\" or \"this week\" with \"a week,\" unqualified. And so with all.]",
+ "\t(If he says): \"until Pesach,\" he is forbidden until it arrives. [For in common parlance, \"until\" means not including.] (If he says:) \"Until it be (Pesach),\" he is forbidden until it has passed [for \"until it be\" connotes \"so long as it is.\"] (If he says:) \"until before Pesach,\" R. Meir says: He is forbidden until it arrives. [For a man does not place himself in an ambiguous situation, and his intent was what is clearly called \"before Pesach,\" i.e., until it arrives.] R. Yossi says: He is forbidden until it has passed. [R. Yossi holds that a man does place himself in a situation where all possible constructions towards prohibition (e.g., \"before any of the days of Pesach\") are to be posited. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi.",
+ "\t(If he says:) \"until the [wheat and barley] harvest,\" \"until the [grape] harvest,\" \"until the [olive] harvest,\" he is not forbidden until it arrives. [Since the wheat harvest and the grape harvest do not have a fixed time, as explained below, it makes no difference whether he says: \"until it be\" or \"until it arrives.\" In both instances he is forbidden (only) until it arrives. For with anything that does not have a fixed time, the vower does not wish to forbid himself for an indeterminate time period, so that we say he definitely intends \"until it arrives.\"] This is the rule: With something that has a fixed time, if he says: \"until it arrives,\" he is forbidden until it arrives. If he says: \"until it be,\" he is forbidden until it passes. With something that does not have a fixed time period, whether he says: \"until it be\" or: \"until it arrives,\" he is forbidden only until it arrives.",
+ "\t(If he says:) \"until the summer,\" or: \"until it be summer\" — until the people begin to put (figs) in the baskets. [Whether he said: \"until the summer\" or: \"until it be summer,\" he is forbidden only until the people begin to put in the baskets. That is, until they cut many figs and put them in the baskets.] (If one says:) \"until the summer passes,\" (he is forbidden) until they fold up the miktzo'oth [the mats on which the figs are dried. After they have dried, those mats are folded up and stored away for the next year.] (If he said:) \"until the harvest,\" (he is forbidden) until the people begin to harvest wheat, but not barley. All according to the place of his vow. [If most of the produce of that place is wheat, then, until the wheat harvest; and, if barley, then, until the barley harvest.] If he were in the mountain, in the mountain; in the valley, in the valley. [If he were in the mountain at the time of the vow, until the time of the wheat or grape harvest in the mountain; if in the valley, until the time of the wheat or grape harvest in the valley.]",
+ "\t(If he says:) \"until the rains\" or \"until the rains be\" — until the second rainfall. [With either of these two formulations, he is permitted as soon as the second rainfall begins, which, in a \"delayed year,\" is on Rosh Chodesh Kislev. Therefore, if one vowed: \"until the rains,\" he is forbidden until Rosh Chodesh Kislev, unless the rains fell in the beginning of their time, which, in a \"blessed year,\" is on the seventeenth of Marcheshvan, and, in a \"middle year,\" on the twenty-third thereof. This is the halachah, and not as R. Shimon b. Gamliel says.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: Until the time of the rainfall arrives (even if it did not rain). (If he says:) \"until the rains stop,\" (he is forbidden until all of Nissan has passed. These are the words of R. Meir. R. Yehudah says: until Pesach passes. (The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.] (If he says:) \"Konam, that I not taste wine this year\" — If it is a leap year, he is forbidden in it (the year itself) and in its added portion. (If he says:) \"until the beginning of Adar,\" (he is forbidden) until the beginning of the first Adar. (If he says:) \"until the end of Adar,\" (he is forbidden) until the end of the first Adar. R. Yehudah says; (If he says:) \"Konam, that I not drink wine until it be Pesach,\" he is forbidden only until the night of Pesach, his intent having been: until the time when men drink wine.",
+ "\t(If he says:) \"Konam, that I shall not taste meat until it be the fast,\" he is forbidden only until (before) the night of the fast [of Yom Kippur, it being a mitzvah to repast on the eve of Yom Kippur.], his intent having been: until the time when men eat meat. R. Yossi, his son, says: (If he says:) \"Konam, that I not eat garlic until it be Sabbath,\" he is forbidden only until Sabbath night, his intent having been: until the time when men eat garlic. [For Ezra instituted that they eat garlic on Sabbath nights, garlic increasing semen. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah or R. Yossi, his son, but as stated above in our Mishnah (8:3): \"With something that has a fixed time, if he says: \"until it arrives,\" he is forbidden until it arrives. If he says: \"until it be,\" he is forbidden until it passes.]",
+ "\tIf one said to his friend: \"Konam, that I benefit from you unless you come and take for your son one kor of wheat, and two kegs of wine,\" the other can annul his vow without resorting to a sage, by saying to him: \"Did you not say this only to honor me? This is my honor\" [that I feed my son from my own.] Likewise, if one said to his friend: \"Konam, your benefitting from me unless you come and give my son one kor of wheat and two kegs of wine\" — R. Meir says: He is forbidden (to benefit from him) until he gives it. And the sages say: Here, too, he (the vower) can annul his vow without resorting to a sage, by saying to him: \"I consider myself as having received it.\" If they implored him to marry his sister's daughter [because she is his \"coeval,\" and (Yevamoth 62b): If one marries his sister's daughter, of him Scripture states (Isaiah 58:7): \"And do not ignore your flesh … (9): Then, when you call, the L rd will answer.\"], and he said: \"Konam, her ever benefitting from me\"; and, similarly, if one divorced his wife, and he said: \"Konam, my wife's ever benefitting from me,\" they are permitted to benefit from him, for he intended only (to bevow them from) marriage. If his friend implored him to dine with him, and he (the implored) said: \"Konam, that I shall not enter your house,\" \"that I shall not taste a drop of cold (water) of yours,\" he is permitted to enter his house and to drink his cold water, for he intended only (to bevow himself from) eating and drinking. [However, he is permitted even to eat and drink, since he did not utter \"eating\" and \"drinking\" explicitly. For vows demand explicit utterance, viz. (Numbers 30:3): \"According to all that issues from his mouth shall he do.\" And this is not similar to the first part (of our Mishnah), for marriage is included in \"benefits.\"]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Eliezer says: Honor of father and mother can be used as an opening (to absolve one of a vow) [i.e., saying to him: \"Had you known that people would say to your parents: \"Look at the growth that you have nurtured, how lightly your son treats vows (so that their honor is slighted), would you have vowed?\"] And the sages forbid it, [fearing that he might lie, being ashamed to admit that he would not have vowed in consideration of their honor, so that the sage might absolve him of the vow in the absence of regret. For we are speaking of an instance where he does not regret having vowed in the first place.] R. Tzaddok said: Just as they open for him with the honor of his father and mother, let them open for him with honor of the L rd! If so, there can be no vows! [R. Eliezer is here being questioned, viz.: Just as we open with the honor of his father and mother and do not fear that he will lie, let them likewise open with the honor of the L rd, saying to him: \"Had you known that you would be called evil before the L rd, would you have vowed?\" And the sages who differ with R. Eliezer said to him: You do not hereby lend us support. For even R. Eliezer would agree that in such an instance he would certainly lie. For no man would be so arrogant as to say that he would not desist (from vowing) for the honor of the L rd. This is not similar to R. Shimon b. Gamliel's providing an opening for a certain man from (Proverbs 12:18): \"One who blurts out (vows), as the piercings of a sword, etc.\" For there he speaks to him (i.e., provides an opening for him) from the verses, as we learned in our Mishnah (9:4), that he transgresses \"You shall not hate,\" \"You shall not take revenge,\" and \"You shall not bear a grudge.\" But if he is confronted with \"the honor of the L rd,\" he certainly will lie. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] And the sages concede to R. Eliezer that in a matter between himself and his father and mother [as when he bevowed his father from his possessions] honor of parents can be used as an opening for him.",
+ "\tAnd R. Eliezer stated further [i.e., another lenient ruling in respect to vows]: Nolad [\"what is born\"] can be used as an opening [for vows, i.e., something which is not common, but which might arise and come to pass after the vow has been made. And if the vower had known at the time of the vow that it would come to pass, he would not have vowed.] And the sages forbid it. [For the reason that regret can be used as an opening is that it \"uproots\" the vow from its very inception; but this does not obtain with something which is not common. For not expecting it to occur, he would not have desisted from vowing because of the (mere) possibility of its occurrence.] How so? If he said: \"Konam, that I shall derive no benefit from that man,\" and he became a scribe [a Torah scholar, needed by all], or he married off his son early, and he said; \"Had I known that he would become a scribe or that he would marry off his son so soon, I would not have vowed\" [This, in an instance where he vowed (not to benefit) for a certain time period, and he did not expect the son to be married and to have to attend the wedding within that time period.] (or if he said:) \"Konam, that I shall not enter this house,\" and it was made into a synagogue, (and he said:) \"Had I known that it would be made into a synagogue, I would not have vowed,\" R. Eliezer permits it (the absolution), and the sages forbid it. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tR. Meir says: There are things which are like nolad and which are not like nolad. [They seem to be like nolad, but really are not, and they can be used for openings.] And the sages do not concur with him. How so? If one said: \"Konam, that I shall not marry that woman, for her father is bad,\" and they said to him: \"He died,\" or \"He repented.\" [And even though death is nolad, since he indicated at the time of his vow why he was vowing, it is as if he made his vow conditional, as if he had said: \"so long as her father is alive.\" For this reason it is not nolad. But it is (also) not a bona fide condition, for which reason he requires absolution. In the Yerushalmi it is indicated that he does not require absolution., and Rambam rules accordingly.] If one said: Konam, that I shall not enter this house, for there is a vicious dog in it, or there is a snake in it, and they said to him: The dog died or the snake was killed — these are like nolad and not like nolad. And the sages do not concur with him.",
+ "\tAnd R. Meir said further: An opening is provided for one from what is written in the Torah. He is told: Had you known that you would be transgressing (Leviticus 19:18): \"You shall not take revenge and you shall not bear a grudge,\" and (Ibid. 17): \"You shall not hate your brother in your heart,\" and (Ibid. 18): \"And you shall love your neighbor as yourself,\" and (Ibid. 25:36): \"And your brother shall live with you\" (for he might become poor and your vow would prevent you from assisting him) — (Had you known all this, would you have vowed?) — If he says: Had I known that this was so I would not have vowed, his vow is annulled [after the sages absolve him of it. And if one is bevowed benefit from his neighbor, when he is absolved of his vow, it must be absolved in his neighbor's presence, it being written (Exodus 4:19): \"And the L rd said to Moses in Midyan: 'Go return, etc.'\" The Holy One Blessed be He said to Moses: It is in Midyan that you made your vow. Go to Midyan and have your vow annulled. For Moses had sworn to his father-in-law that he would not leave Midyan without his permission, viz. (Ibid. 2:21): \"And Moses vowed to stay with the man\" — for which reason the Holy One Blessed be He required him to go to annul his vow before him.]",
+ "\tAn opening is provided for a man with his wife's kethubah [i.e., with the payment of the kethubah, if he vowed to divorce her.] And it happened with one who bevowed enjoyment from his wife, and her kethubah was four hundred dinars, that he came before R. Akiva, who ruled that he must give her her kethubah, whereupon he said: \"My master, my father left eight hundred dinars. My brother took four hundred, and I, four hundred. Is it not enough that she take two hundred, and I, two hundred!\" R. Akiva replied: \"Even if you had to sell the hair of your head, you would have to give her (the amount of) her kethubah.\" The man: \"Had I known this, I would not have vowed in the first place!\" and R. Akiva absolved him of his vow.",
+ "\tAn opening may be provided with festivals and with Sabbaths. [If one vowed to fast or not to eat meat for a certain period of time, he is asked: \"Had you considered the Sabbaths and festivals falling in this time period, would you have vowed?\" (And this is not \"opening with the honor of the L rd\")]. In the beginning they said: Those days [for which an opening of regret was found are permitted, the sage having absolved him in that regard], and all the other days [for which there was no regret [remain] forbidden — until R. Akiva came and said that a vow which is partially annulled is completely annulled [even though he did not find an opening for the entire vow. For he vowed ab initio only with the understanding that the entire vow be fulfilled, so that partial regret is an opening for the whole.]",
+ "\tHow so? If he said: \"Konam, that I shall not benefit from all of you,\" if he were absolved from one of them, he is absolved from all.\" (If he said:) \"I shall not benefit from this one and from this one\" [i.e., if he forbade the first one to himself with \"Konam,\" and he said about the second: \"Let him be like the first,\" and about the third: \"Let him be like the second,\" and so with all], if he is absolved of the first, he is absolved of all, [all being dependent upon the first.]; if he is absolved of the last, the last is permitted and all of the others are forbidden. If he were absolved of the middle one, those from it downwards (i.e., after it) are permitted; those from it upwards (i.e., before it) are forbidden. (If he said:) \"I shall not benefit from this one, korban, and from this one, korban,\" an opening is required for each one. [This Mishnah is in accordance with R. Shimon, who says in respect to the oath (in denial) of (having received) a pledge, if five claimed (pledges) from him, and he denied and swore, and then confessed, he is not liable to bring an offering for each one unless he swore to each one; and here, too, he must say: \"from this one, korban, and from this one, korban.\" But the sages say (in respect to a pledge): If he said: \"Shevuah (an oath) that I owe neither you, nor you, nor you,\" he is liable for each one. And here, too, (in respect to vows), if he said: \"not from this one, or from this one, or from this one,\" even if he did not state \"Korban\" in respect to each, each is considered a vow in itself, and this is the halachah.]",
+ "\t(If one said:) \"Konam, that I shall not taste wine, for wine is bad for the stomach,\" and they said to him: \"Isn't old wine good for the stomach?\" then he is permitted (to drink) old wine. And not only is old wine alone permitted him, but all wine. [This is so only when he says: \"Had I known this, I would not have vowed at all,\" or: \"I would have permitted old wine and forbidden new wine.\" But if he said: \"Had I known, I would have said: \"All wine is forbidden to me except old wine,\" then only old wine is permitted to him, and all other wine, forbidden.] (If one said:) \"Konam, that I shall not taste onion, for onion is bad for the heart,\" and they said to him: \"Isn't wild onion good for the heart?\" then he is permitted to eat wild onion. And not only is wild onion alone permitted him, but all onions. There was such an episode, and R. Meir permitted all onions.",
+ "\tAn opening is provided for a man with his own honor and with the honor of his children [if he vowed to divorce his wife.] They say to him: \"If you knew that tomorrow they would say about you: 'This is the kind of man he is — he divorces his wives,' and about your daughters: 'They are divorce-daughters!' 'What did their mother \"see\" to be divorced' [if there were not something indecent about her! thus casting a blemish upon his children. And we do not fear that he might be lying, that perhaps he really does not regret it, but is ashamed to say that he is not concerned for the honor of his children.] If he says: \"Had I known this, I would not have vowed, he is absolved of his vow.",
+ "\t(If one said:) \"Konam, that I shall not marry that ugly woman,\" and she were found to be beautiful — \"swarthy,\" and she were found to be fair — \"short,\" and she were found to be tall — he is permitted to (marry) her. Not that she was ugly and became beautiful; swarthy, and became fair; short, and became tall — but because the vow was a mistake [from the very beginning, the woman being fair at the time of the vow, and no absolution by a sage being required.] And it once happened that a man bevowed himself benefit from his sister's daughter. After she had been brought into R. Yehudah's house and beautified, R. Yishmael asked him: \"My son, was it one such as she from whom you bevowed yourself?\" He answered: \"No,\" and R. Yishmael permitted her. At that time, R. Yishmael cried and said; \"The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty has disfigured them!\" And when R. Yishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lament, saying: \"Cry, daughters of Israel, over R. Yishmael\" — as they did when Saul died, viz. (II Samuel 1:24): \"O daughters of Israel, cry over Saul!\" [The gemara explains that something is lacking, and that this is what is meant: \"R. Yishmael says: Even if she were ugly and became beautiful; swarthy, and became fair. And it once happened that a man bevowed himself, etc.\" For the first tanna permits it only if the vow were mistaken from the very beginning, as when she was beautiful to begin with. And R. Yishmael holds that even if she became beautiful only after the vow, it is permitted. For since she can be beautified, she was not ugly to begin with. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yishmael."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tA betrothed maiden — her father and her husband annul her vows. [A girl of twelve years and one day who has brought two (pubertal) hairs is called a maiden (na'arah) until six (additional) months. And a girl of eleven years and one day — her vows are examined. If she knows for whom she vowed and for whom she dedicated, her vow is a vow. And she, too — her father and her husband annul her vows.] If the father annulled it, but not the husband; or the husband, but not the father, it is not annulled. [Because we might think that \"her father and her husband annul her vows\" is to be understood as either her father or her husband, we are, therefore, taught: \"If the father annulled it, but not the husband, etc.\", to apprise us that both must annul it.] And it goes without saying that if one of them confirmed it, [the second cannot annul it. We are hereby apprised that even if the one who had confirmed it asked (and gained) absolution for it, (as it is ruled; \"Absolution can be asked for a confirmation\"), the one who asked for absolution can no longer annul it since both of them could not annul it together.]",
+ "\tIf the father died, permission is not \"emptied out\" to the husband, [for the husband cannot annul his wife's vows until she is married to him.] If the husband died, permission is emptied out to the father [and he annuls her vows all the days of her maidenhood, it being written (Numbers 30:17): \"…in her maidenhood, the house of her father.\" In this, the power of the father is superior to the power of the husband. In a different respect, the power of the husband is superior to the power of the father. For the husband annuls when she is a bogereth, but the father does not annul when she is a bogereth, [it being written (Ibid. 4): \"…in the house of her father, in her maidenhood.\"]",
+ "\tIf she vowed while she were betrothed, and were divorced on the same day [that her father heard (for if the day passed, he can no longer annul it)], and she were betrothed to another [on the same day], even a hundred times, her father and her last husband annul her vows [that she vowed in the presence of her first betrothed; for the betrothed can annul prior vows.] This is the rule: Anyone who did not enter \"her own domain\" [either by becoming a bogereth or by getting married], her husband and her last husband annul her vows.",
+ "\tThe way of Torah scholars — before his daughter leaves him he says to her; \"All the vows that you vowed in my house are annulled\" [before she enters her husband's domain; and similarly, her betrothed tells her this before she enters his domain. For when she enters his domain, he cannot annul them, a husband not annulling prior vows. And we are apprised by our Mishnah that a husband can annul his wife's vows even without hearing them, it being taught: \"And so the husband, before she enters his domain, says, etc.\"], and so the husband before she enters his domain, says: \"All the vows that you vowed before entering my domain are annulled.\" For when she enters his domain, he cannot annul them.",
+ "\tA bogereth who tarried twelve months [A bogereth, whose father does not annul her vows, who was solicited for marriage, and who tarried twelve months, after which period her (prospective) husband is obliged to feed her], and a widow [who tarried] thirty days [after having been solicited for marriage, after which period her (prospective) husband feeds her] — R. Eliezer says: Since her husband is obliged to feed her, he annuls [her vows. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.] And the sages say: The husband does not annul until she enters his domain.",
+ "\tA shomereth yavam (a woman awaiting yibum), either to one yavam or to two yavmin, R. Eliezer says: He (the yavam) can annul. [The instance is one in which the yavam makes a ma'amar in her, R. Eliezer holding that a ma'amar effects bona fide Torah acquisition. And if she is a na'arah and she has a father, her father and the yavam who had made a ma'amar in her annul her vows.] R. Yehoshua says: To one, but not to two. [For R. Yehoshua does not hold a ma'amar to effect bona fide acquisition. However, he does hold that zikkah (\"linkage\") obtains, and that zikkah is like marriage. And when there is only one yavam, he annuls; but if there are two, neither of them annuls, for there is no breirah (retroactive discrimination).] R. Akiva says: Neither to one nor to two. [He holds that zikkah is not like marriage and that ma'amar does not effect bona fide Torah acquisition.] R. Eliezer: Now if a woman whom he acquired for himself [i.e., his betrothed] — if he annuls her vows — a woman bequeathed to him by Heaven [i.e., his yevamah], how much more so should he annul her vows [jointly, with her father]! R Akiva to R. Eliezer: It may be so with a woman whom he acquired for himself, for others have no rights in her! [For she, too, is linked to the other yavmin.] R. Yehoshua to R. Akiva: Akiva, your words (stand to reason) for two yavmin, but what will you say for one yavam! [That is, your answer suffices for the words of R. Eliezer, who says that he annuls even where there are two yavmin. But how will you answer my: \"to one, but not to two\"?] R. Akiva to R. Yehoshua: The yevamah is not absolutely acquired by the yavam [to make one who lives with her liable to the death penalty], as the betrothed is absolutely acquired by her husband [touching this penalty. The halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva.]",
+ "\tIf one said to his wife: \"All the vows that you will vow from now until I return from that place stand,\" he has said nothing, [this being \"standing\" in error, for there are vows which he would not wish to stand.] If he said: \"They are annulled,\" R. Eliezer says: They are annulled. [For as a rule, a man does not desire his wife's vows.] And the sages say: They are not annulled. R. Eliezer said: If he can annul vows which have taken effect [(After she vowed, she is forbidden in them (the objects of her vows) if her husband does not annul them)], should he not be able to annul vows which have not taken effect! They answered: It is written (Numbers 30:14): \"Her husband shall cause it to stand and her husband shall annul it\": What has reached the stage of \"standing\" [i.e., vows which have already taken effect] is subject to annulment; what has not reached the stage of \"standing\" is not subject to annulment.",
+ "\tThe annulment of vows [viz. (Numbers 30:9): \"And if on the day that her husband hear, he constrain her\"] obtains the entire day [until it gets dark, it being written: \"on the day that he hear.\" As to its being written (Ibid. 15): \"from day to day,\" this is to apprise us that we are not to say: in the daytime, yes; at night, no. \"from day to day\" indicates that sometimes he has time to annul \"from time to time\" (i.e., a twenty-four hour period), as when she vowed in the beginning of the night.] There is in this a leniency and a stringency. [That is, sometimes there is only little time for annulment, and sometimes, ample time.] How so? If she vowed on Sabbath night, he can annul on Sabbath night and on the day of the Sabbath until it gets dark. If she vowed before it got dark, he can annul (only) until it gets dark. For if it got dark and he had not annulled it, he can no longer do so. [\"Sabbath night\" apprises us that vows may be annulled (mefirin) on the Sabbath, even not for the sake of the Sabbath. But a sage may absolve one of vows (matir) on the Sabbath only for the sake of the Sabbath. And even though he had time in the daytime, he may absolve him for the sake of the Sabbath. (\"For if it got dark and he had not annulled it, etc.\":) For annulment of vows obtains \"from time to time\" only if she had vowed in the beginning of the night. And vis-à-vis annulment (hafarah) it avails only if he says: \"Mufar lach\" (\"It is annulled for you\") as per the language of the verse. For the husband's annulment is from this time forward, as in (Genesis 17:14): \"He has annulled (hefer) My covenant.\" And when a sage says: \"Mutar lach (\"It is absolved for you\"); there is here neither vow nor oath,\" he uproots the vow from its very beginning. And if the sage used the term \"hafarah,\" or the husband, the term \"hatarah,\" there is neither absolution nor annulment. And if he (the husband) said: \"If you did not vow, I bevow you,\" his words stand, and he need not say: \"It stands for you.\" Since, even if he remained silent that entire day the vow would stand, then, with minimal speaking (on his part) it also stands. And on the Sabbath he says: \"Take and eat,\" \"Take and drink,\" and he does not annul as he does on a weekday, and the vow is voided of itself. And if he cannot compel her, he voids it in his heart and he need not utter it with his lips. And it is only with bitul (voiding) such as: \"Take and eat,\" where he forces her to transgress her vow, that thinking in his heart avails, even if he did not utter it with his lips. But with hafarah (annulment), where he does not compel her to transgress her vow, he must utter it with his lips, annulment in the heart not availing.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAnd these are the vows that he annuls [The gemara explains that vows and oaths are intended; for in the language of the sages oaths are included in vows.]: things which entail affliction, viz.: \"If I bathe\" and if \"I shall no bathe,\"; \"If I adorn myself,\" and if \"I shall not adorn myself.\" [i.e., \"The pleasure of bathing is forbidden to me forever if I bathe today\" — this is a vow. \"Shevuah, that I shall not bathe\" — this is an oath. And, similarly, \"if I adorn myself,\" viz.: \"The pleasure of adornment is forbidden to me forever if I adorn myself today.\" \"and if \"I shall not adorn myself,'\" viz.: Shevuah, that I shall not adorn myself.\"] R. Yossi said: These are not vows of affliction. [R. Yossi differs with the first tanna only in respect to vows alone, saying that \"The pleasure of bathing is forbidden to me forever if I bathe today\" is not a vow of affliction; for it is possible for her not to bathe today and the pleasure of bathing not be forbidden to her forever. And a one-day abstinence from bathing is not considered affliction, for a one-day foulness is not considered foulness. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi. And both the father and the husband annul vows of affliction, it being written (Numbers 30:17): \"between a man and his wife, between a father and his daughter.\" The father is hereby being likened to the husband. Just as the husband annuls only vows of affliction, the father, too, annuls only vows of affliction. And Rambam rules that the father can annul all vows and oaths, even those which are not of affliction, viz. (Ibid. 30:6): \"all of her vows and her bonds.\"]",
+ "\tAnd these are vows of affliction: If she said: \"Konam, (that I shall not eat) the fruits of the world,\" he can annul it. (If she said: \"Konam, that I shall not eat) the fruits of that country,\" he can bring her fruits from a different country. \"the fruits of that shopkeeper,\" he cannot annul it. And if his (the husband's) livelihood came only from him (that shopkeeper) [the shopkeeper giving the husband credit until he earned and repaid him], he may annul it. These are the words of R. Yossi. [R. Yossi is consistent with his view that the husband does not annul every vow of affliction, differentiating between great affliction and moderate affliction, and between long-term and short-term affliction. And all of the mishnayoth of this chapter are according to him and are not the halachah. But the husband may annul any vow of affliction, whether a one-day vow, a one-hour vow, or a long-term vow; whether it entails great affliction or moderate affliction. Likewise, he can annul vows and oaths in things \"between him and her\" even though it entails no affliction, as when she swore or vowed not to paint her eyes or not to adorn herself. Likewise, if she vowed not to eat the fruits of this country, the husband can annul it, bringing them from a different country entailing exertion. These are things which are \"between him and her.\" And what is the difference between vows and oaths which are between him and her and vows and oaths of affliction? Vows and oaths of affliction he annuls both for himself and for others, e.g., if she vowed not to eat meat or to drink wine he annuls it and she is permitted to eat and drink, even after she is widowed or divorced and married to another. And vows and oaths \"between him and her,\" e.g., if she forbade to herself cohabitation with all men forever or painting or adorning herself forever, he annuls what pertains to him, and she cohabits with him and paints and adorns herself so long as she is his wife. And when she is widowed or divorced, she is forbidden cohabitation with any man, as well as painting and adornment; and, likewise, in similar instances.]",
+ "\t(If she said;) \"konam, that I shall not benefit from people\" he cannot annul it, [this not being a vow of affliction, for she can be fed by her husband, her husband not being included in \"people.\" And this Mishnah, too, is according to R. Yossi and is not the halachah, as explained above. And not only if she says: \"Konam, that I shall not benefit from people, where she forbids herself benefit from all people, can he annul it by reason of \"vows of affliction\" according to the sages; but even if she says: \"Konam, that I shall not benefit from that man,\" where she forbids herself benefit only from that man alone, the husband may annul her vow by reason of \"things between himself and her,\" it involving exertion for him if she does not benefit from that man, and the Torah having stated (Numbers 30:17): \"between a man and his wife\" — Everything \"between a man and his wife\" the husband can annul.] And she can benefit from leket, shikchah, and peah. [This is the intent: Another reason that if she says: \"Konam that I shall not benefit from people,\" the husband cannot annul it is that she can benefit from leket, shikchah, and peah, in which instance she does not benefit from people, these being gifts for the poor, and there is no affliction here.] (If one says: \"Konam,) Cohanim and Levites benefitting from me,\" they may take against his will. [For just as if she said: \"Konam, that I shall not benefit from people,\" she is permitted to take the poor-gifts, here, too. If one bevows Cohanim and Levites from his possessions, they are permitted to take the gifts of the Cohanim and the Levites.] (If he said: \"Konam) these Cohanim and these Levites benefitting from me,\" others may take it.",
+ "\t(If she said:) \"Konam that I not work for the mouth of my father,\" or \"for the mouth of your father,\" or \"for the mouth of my brother,\" or \"for the mouth of your brother,\" he cannot annul it. [i.e., If she said: \"Hekdesh (\"dedicated\") shall be all of my work from coming to the mouth of my father\"; that is, that my father not be able to benefit from my handiwork, he cannot annul it; for these are not \"things between him and her.\" And in this all agree, that if she forbids others from benefitting from her, her husband cannot annul it.] (If she said: \"Konam,) that I not work for your mouth,\" he need not annul it. [For she is obligated to him. And even though hekdesh dissolves obligations, the sages strengthened her obligation to her husband, the vower not being enabled to dissolve that obligation.] R. Akiva says: He should annul it, for she might earn in addition to what reverts to him [and \"hekdesh\" takes effect upon that addition, it not reverting to him. He must, therefore, annul it; and the annulment is of avail, the vow entailing \"things between him and her,\" it being impossible that the addition not become intermixed with what reverts to her husband.] R. Yochanan b. Nuri says: He should annul it, lest he divorce her and she be forbidden to return to him. [And her basic handiwork requires annulment, lest he divorce her and her obligation to her husband be dissolved, at which point the vow will take effect, and she will be forbidden to return to him. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yochanan b. Nuri. (And we are speaking of an instance where she says: \"Let my hands be hekdesh to their Maker,\" the hands being \"in the world\" (so that she is not vowing in respect to \"something which is not in the world\"), and hekdesh \"takes\" upon them.]",
+ "\tIf his wife vowed and he thought it were his daughter; if his daughter vowed and he thought it were his wife; if she vowed Naziritism and he thought she vowed an offering; if she vowed an offering and he thought she vowed Naziritism; if she bevowed herself from figs and he thought she bevowed herself from grapes; if she bevowed herself from grapes and he thought she bevowed herself from figs — he must annul it again. [For annulment in error is not annulment. He must (in his annulment) intend the woman who vowed, it being written (Numbers 30:12): \"He did not constrain her\" — the annulment must be directed to the vower herself. And he must also intend the specific vow which was uttered, it being written (Ibid. 5): \"…and her father hear her vow\" — he must know which vow she vowed.]",
+ "\tIf she said: \"Konam, that I shall not taste these figs and grapes,\" if he caused it (the vow) to stand for figs, all of it stands. If he annulled it for figs, it is not annulled until he also annuls it for grapes. [The reason: (Numbers 30:14): \"Her husband yekimmenu\" (\"Her husband shall cause it to stand.\") \"Yakim mimenu\" (\"He shall cause part of it to stand.\") When he causes part of it to stand, he causes all of it to stand. But \"yeferenu\" (\"He shall annul it\") cannot be expounded thus, so that there is no annulment until he annuls all of it. This is an individual opinion and is not the halachah, the halachah being in accordance with the sages, who say: Causing to stand is likened to annulment, viz.: Just as with annulment, what he annulled is annulled, and what he did not annul is not annulled (it not being possible to expound \"yeferenu\" as partial annulment), so with causing to stand. What he caused to stand, stands; and what he did not cause to stand, does not stand. (For \"yekimmenu\" is also not expounded as partial confirmation, it being the way of Scripture to write it thus.) And even though re the absolution (hatarah) of a sage, we say: \"If one is absolved of part of a vow he is absolved of all of it,\" with the annulment of the husband and the father, it is not so.] If she said: \"Konam, that I shall not taste figs and that I shall not taste grapes,\" these are two vows.",
+ "\t(If he said:) \"I knew that there were vows, but I did not know that there were annulments\" [i.e., that he had the authority to annul them], he may annul them [on the day he learns that he has the authority to do so, that day being like \"the day he hears it.\"] But (if he said:) \"I did not know that it was a vow,\" [and that it needed annulment], R. Meir says: He may not annul it. [For since he knew that he could annul it, even though he did not know it was a vow, he should have annulled it in any event. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.] The sages say: He may annul it.",
+ "\tIf one's son-in-law had bevowed benefit from him, and he (the father-in-law) wished to give money to his daughter, he says to her: \"Take this money as a gift, on condition that your husband has no right to it, but only in what you buy and put in your mouth.\" [And his condition stands, and the husband does not acquire it. And even though, by means of this gift, he \"rescues\" him from exertion; for his wife is fed by this money, and feeding her was his obligation — \"saving from exertion\" is not considered \"benefitting.\"]",
+ "\t(Numbers 30:10): \"And the vow of a widow or of a divorced woman … shall stand with her.\" How so? If she said: \"I shall be a Nazirite after thirty days,\" even though she were married within thirty days, he cannot annul it. [The verse is not needed for itself (i.e., for the common instance), for if she has no husband, who shall annul it? It must refer, then, to an instance where she had been widowed for some time and the time of the vow (i.e., of its taking effect) did not arrive until after she we married. (\"He cannot annul it\":) even though the vow takes effect when she is married to him; for the time of vowing is the criterion (for annulment).] If she vowed while she were in her husband's domain, he annuls it for her (even if it is to take effect afterwards.) How so? If she said: \"I shall be a Nazirite after thirty days,\" even if she were widowed or divorced within thirty days, it is annulled. If she vowed on one day, and were divorced on that day, and taken back on that day, [after which he heard of her vow], he cannot annul it [since she entered her own domain between the vow and the annulment, the husband not being empowered to annul prior vows.] This is the rule: If a woman enters her own domain for (even) one moment, he (her husband) cannot annul it (a prior vow).",
+ "\tThere are nine na'aroth [not necessarily \"na'aroth,\" (but maidens, in general)] whose vows stand: A bogereth who is an orphan [She married, and her husband died when she was a na'arah, making her \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\" For after she is married, her father no longer has any authority over her. And she became a bogereth after that, and vowed. Her vow stands because she is a bogereth, and also because she is \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\"]; a na'arah who became a bogereth, who is an orphan. [She married and her husband died. She vowed when she was a na'arah and became a bogereth afterward. And she is \"an orphan in her father's lifetime,\" as I explained.]; a na'arah [at the time she vowed], who has not yet become a bogereth, who is an orphan [\"in her father's lifetime.\" These three are (the category of): \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\"]; a bogereth whose father died. [When she vowed she was a bogereth, and her father died. She is an \"orphan,\" literally.]; a na'arah who became a bogereth, whose father died; a na'arah, who did not become a bogereth, whose father died. [These three are (the category of) \"her father died.\"]; a na'arah whose father died, and after her father died, she became a bogereth; a bogereth whose father is alive; a na'arah who became a bogereth, whose father is alive. [These three are (the category of) bogereth. The gemara explains that the sages taught of only three na'araoth: bogereth, an orphan, \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\"] R. Yehudah says: Also, if one married off his daughter as a minor, and she were widowed or divorced, and she returned to him while still a na'arah. [For upon entering the chuppah, she left the father's domain with this marriage.]",
+ "\t(If she said:) \"Konam, that I shall not benefit from my father or from your father if I make something for you\" (or:) \"that I shall not benefit from you if I make something for my father or for your father,\" he can annul it. [For it is disparaging to her husband that she is forbidden benefit from her father or his father because she makes something for him, so that her vow involves \"things between him and her.\"]",
+ "\tIn the beginning they said: Three women go out and take their kethubah: One who says: \"I am unclean to you\" [The instance is that of the wife of a Cohein, who became forbidden to her husband by having been forced. She does not lose her kethubah. The sages believed her to forbid herself to her husband. And since she goes out with a get, she takes her kethubah, this being derived from what is written in the kethubah itself, viz.: \"If you marry another, you shall take what is written to you.\"], \"Heaven between me and you!\" [The gemara explains: He does not \"shoot like an arrow\" (and cannot beget children); that is, things which are known to Heaven, and which she cannot state explicitly. The instance is one in which she comes with a (valid) claim, viz.: \"I want a staff to lean on and a hoe to dig my grave\" (i.e., a son to support me in my old age and to provide for my burial); for otherwise, she is told: \"Go, you are not commanded to produce and multiply.\"], \"I am taken from the Jews.\" [She forbids to herself cohabitation with all of Israel. And even though we say (Kethuvoth 71a) that if she vowed (not to cohabit) she goes out without a kethubah, for \"she placed her finger between her teeth,\" Rashi explains (Yevamoth 112a) that since she forbids to herself cohabitation with all of Israel, she must certainly be doing so perforce, intercourse being painful for her. And the first Mishnah held that this does not even constitute \"things between him and her,\" for he can divorce her.] But then they retracted, saying (in explanation): So that a woman not \"set her eyes\" on another and wrong her husband. [\"The generations deteriorated,\" and they feared lest she lie to release herself from her husband.] But if she says: \"I am unclean,\" she must bring proof for her words [and she is not believed without proof.] (If she says:) \"Heaven between me and you,\" they \"work by request.\" [They request of her not to speak thus. The Yerushalmi explains: They make a feast of reconciliation.] (If she says:) \"I am taken from the Jews,\" he annuls what pertains to him, [her vow involving \"things between him and her,\" which he can annul for himself], so that she cohabits with him, and she is \"taken from the (other) Jews.\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
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+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
+ "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY-NC",
+ "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "When an individual takes a vow, he renders an object forbidden to himself or to others as though it were a sacrificial offering; this parallels the act of consecrating an offering, which also renders an item forbidden for personal use by means of a verbal declaration. The most direct expression of a vow is when an individual says: This object is forbidden to me, or to others, like an offering. Additionally, the mishna states that all substitutes for the language of vows are like vows. Consequently, if one states that an object is forbidden to him like a konam instead of like an offering [korban], the vow takes effect, as konam is a substitute term for the word korban (see 10a). Similarly, substitutes for the language of dedications are like dedications, substitutes for the language of oaths are like oaths, and substitutes for the language of nazirite vows are like nazirite vows. Therefore, if one declared a ḥerekh instead of a dedication [ḥerem], a shevuta instead of an oath [shevua], or proclaimed that he was becoming a nazik instead of a nazirite [nazir], his statement takes effect. With regard to one who says to another: I am avowed from you, or: I am separated from you, or: I am distanced from you, and he then says: That which I eat of yours, or: That which I taste of yours, even though he did not explicitly state that he is taking a vow or specify the nature of the vow, the object of his vow is nevertheless forbidden. His intention is understood based on his incomplete statement, known as an intimation of a vow, and his vow therefore takes effect. However, if he says: I am ostracized from you, which does not clearly declare any matter to be prohibited, Rabbi Akiva was uncertain about this halakha but was inclined to rule stringently about this and consider it a vow prohibiting the speaker from deriving benefit from his fellow. The mishna continues to explain the rules of intimations of vows. If an individual states that he accepts an obligation upon himself like the vows of the wicked, he has vowed with regard to becoming a nazirite, or bringing an offering, or taking an oath. This is considered a real formulation of a vow, just as the wicked customarily take vows. If he says: Like the vows of the virtuous, he has not said anything, because virtuous people do not generally take vows. If he says: Like their gift offerings, he has vowed with regard to becoming a nazirite or bringing an offering.",
+ "In the case of one who says to another that a certain object is konam, konaḥ, or konas, these expressions are substitutes for the term offering [korban], and the vow takes effect. Ḥerek, ḥerekh and ḥeref; these are substitutes for the term indicating a dedication [ḥerem] to the Temple treasury. Nazik, naziaḥ, and paziaḥ; these are substitutes for the term naziriteship [nazir]. Shevuta, shekuka, or one who vows with the term mota, these are substitutes for the term oath [shevua].",
+ "If one says to another: That which I eat of yours shall be considered laḥullin, it is interpreted as though he said: La ḥullin, not non-sacred, and the food is thereby forbidden to him. Similarly, if he said that food shall be considered not valid or not dekhi, i.e., not ritually pure, or if he said the food shall be considered an offering that has become ritually impure, left over [notar], or piggul, i.e., an offering that was sacrificed with the intent to consume it after its appointed time, it is forbidden. If one says that food shall be considered like the lamb of the daily offering, like the animals designated as offerings and kept in special enclosures, like the wood of the altar, like the fires on the altar, like the altar, like the Sanctuary, or like Jerusalem, or if he took a vow with any of the accessories of the altar, although he did not explicitly mention that the food should be like an offering, it is considered a vow that associates a different item with an offering. Rabbi Yehuda says: One who says that an item shall be considered Jerusalem, instead of saying that it shall be considered like Jerusalem, has not said anything.",
+ "With regard to one who says: An offering, a burnt-offering, a meal-offering, a sin-offering, a thanks-offering, or a peace-offering, and adds: That which I eat of yours, the vow takes effect and the food is forbidden. Rabbi Yehuda renders the food permitted in all these cases. If one says: The offering, like an offering, or an offering, and adds: That which I will eat of yours, the food is forbidden. If he says: That which I will not eat of your shall be for an offering, Rabbi Meir renders the food forbidden. One who says to another: It is konam for me for my mouth to speak with you, or: It is konam for me for my hand to work with you, or: It is konam for me for my foot to walk with you, it is prohibited for him to speak with, work with, or walk with the other individual."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows in which the one who takes the vow attempts to create a prohibition on an item by associating it with an item in an ineffective manner, rendering the vow void and leaving the item permitted: If one says: That which I will eat of yours will be non-sacred [ḥullin]; or: That which I will eat of yours will be like pig meat; or: Like an object of idol worship; or: Like the hides of animal offerings whose hearts were removed as a form of idol worship, and it is therefore prohibited to derive benefit from those animals; or: Like animal carcasses and animals with a wound that will cause them to die within twelve months [tereifot]; or: Like non-kosher repugnant creatures and non-kosher creeping animals; or: Like the ḥalla of Aaron, the first priest, or like his teruma; in all these cases, the food is permitted. Although none of these items may be eaten, they are forbidden by Torah law, not by means of a vow. Therefore, it is impossible to extend their prohibition to other items by means of a vow that associates them with those items. With regard to a man who says to his wife: You are hereby to me like my mother, i.e., deriving benefit from you should be forbidden to me like engaging in sexual intercourse with my mother, dissolution is broached with him by suggesting a different extenuation, i.e., a halakhic authority suggests other, extenuating circumstances that enable the dissolution of the vow. Although this vow does not take effect either, as engaging in sexual intercourse with one’s mother is prohibited by Torah law, by rabbinic law this is treated like an actual vow and requires dissolution by a halakhic authority, so that he will not take genuine vows lightly. With regard to one who says: Sleeping is forbidden for me as if it were an offering [konam], thereby prohibiting himself from sleeping; or: Speaking is konam for me; or: Walking is konam for me; or one who says to his wife: Engaging in sexual intercourse with you is konam for me, if he violates the vow he is in violation of the prohibition “He shall not profane his word” (Numbers 30:3). If one says: I take an oath that I will not sleep, or: That I will not speak, or: That I will not walk, this activity is prohibited to him. ",
+ "As taught earlier (10a), one of the primary methods of taking a vow is by invoking an offering. The mishna provides several examples where invoking the term korban is not effective. If one says: An offering [korban] that I will not eat of yours, or: This offering [ha korban] that I will eat of yours, or: That which I will not eat of yours is not an offering [la korban], the food is permitted. If one says: An oath that I will not eat of yours, or: This is an oath that I will eat of yours [she’okhal lekha], or: Not an oath that I will not eat of yours, the food is forbidden. This rule, that oaths can render actions, which do not have actual substance, either prohibited or obligatory, is a stringency of oaths vis-à-vis vows, which do not take effect with regard to matters that do not have actual substance. And there is also a stringency of vows vis-à-vis oaths. How so? With regard to one who said: Making a sukka is konam for me, or: Taking a lulav is konam for me, or: Donning phylacteries is konam for me, in the case of vows, the items are rendered forbidden, and he may not perform the mitzva until the vow is dissolved. However, in the case of similar oaths, these items are permitted, as one cannot take an oath to transgress the mitzvot.",
+ "There is a vow within a vow. It is possible to impose an additional prohibition, by means of a vow, on an item that is already forbidden by means of a vow. But there is no oath within an oath. If one takes an oath twice with regard to the same action, the second oath does not take effect. How so? If one said: I am hereby a nazirite if I eat, and then repeated: I am hereby a nazirite if I eat, and then he ate, he is obligated to observe naziriteship for thirty days for each and every one of the vows, as both vows took effect. However, if he said: I hereby take an oath that I will not eat, and repeated: I hereby take an oath that I will not eat, and then he ate, he is liable to bring an offering for only one violation of an oath.",
+ "Unspecified vows are treated stringently, but their specification, if specification is necessary, is treated leniently. How so? If one said: This item is prohibited to me like salted meat, or: This item is prohibited to me like the wine used for libations, if he vowed in reference to meat or libations of a peace-offering, i.e., if he claimed that his intention was that the item will be forbidden to him like the salted meat of an offering, or like wine that is used for libations on the altar, it is forbidden, as he associated the item of the vow with an item forbidden by means of a vow, i.e., the offering. If he claims that he vowed in reference to meat or libations of idol worship, i.e., that the item will be like the salted meat of an offering for an idol, or like wine that is used for libations as idol worship, it is permitted, as the item of the vow was associated with an item forbidden by the Torah. By enabling the one who took the vow to later clarify his intent, the vow is treated leniently. And if the vow was without specification, i.e., the one who took the vow did not specify whether his intention was to associate the item with an offering for Heaven or to associate the item with idol worship, it is forbidden. Similarly, if one said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, if his intention was that it would be like a dedication to Heaven, which is a form of consecration, it is forbidden. And if his intention was that it would be like a dedication to priests, whereby one pledges his asset as a gift to priests, it is permitted, as this type of gift is not forbidden at all. And if he said it without specification, it is forbidden. Likewise, if he said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like tithes, if he took a vow with the intention that it would be like the animal tithe, it is forbidden, as the item of the vow was associated with an item forbidden by a vow. And if his intention was that it will be like the tithe of the granary, i.e., grain that is given to the Levites and has no sanctity, it is permitted. And if he said it without specification, it is forbidden. Similarly, if he said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like teruma, if he took a vow with the intention that it would be like the collection of the Temple treasury chamber [terumat halishka], which is a tax for the communal offerings, it is forbidden, his vow was associated with an item forbidden by a vow. And if his intention was that it would be like teruma of the granary that is given to the priests, it is permitted, as teruma is not an item forbidden by a vow. And if the vow was taken without specification, it is forbidden. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: Unspecified teruma in Judea is forbidden. However, in the Galilee it is permitted, as the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with the collection of the chamber. When they say teruma they are referring to the teruma allotted to the priests, which is familiar to them. Conversely, unspecified dedications in Judea are permitted, but in the Galilee they are forbidden, as the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with dedications allotted to the priests, so when they say dedication they are referring to dedication to Heaven.",
+ "One who took a vow by associating an item with a dedication [ḥerem], saying: This item is hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, and then said: I took a vow only with the intention that it would be like a sea net [ḥermo shel yam] that is used to catch fish; or one who took a vow by associating an item with an offering, and then said: I took a vow only with reference to offerings to kings, i.e., a gift for a king, not an offering to God. Or one who said: I am hereby an offering myself [atzmi], and then said: I took a vow only with reference to a bone [etzem] that I set aside for myself to vow with, as atzmi means both myself and my bone, i.e., he set aside a bone so as to pretend to take a vow upon himself; or one who said: Deriving benefit from me is konam for my wife, and then said: I took a vow only with regard to my first wife whom I divorced, not with regard to my current wife. For all of the above vows, those who took them do not need to request of a halakhic authority to dissolve them, as the speaker interpreted the vows in a manner that caused them not to take effect at all. However, if they requested dissolution, apparently due to their being uncertain of their explanations, the court punishes them and treats them stringently and the vows are not dissolved. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: These vows are not treated stringently. Rather, dissolution is broached with them by suggesting a different extenuation, i.e., the halakhic authority suggests extenuating circumstances that undermine the vow but do not pertain to its wording. And we teach them that they should not take this kind of vow in the future, in order that they will not take vows lightly."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The Sages dissolved four types of vows without the requirement of a request to a halakhic authority: Vows of exhortation, vows of exaggeration, vows that are unintentional, and vows whose fulfillment is impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control. The mishna explains: Vows of exhortation are those by which one encourages another using vow terminology that is exaggerated. How so? One was selling an item and said: I will not lower the price for you to less than a sela, as that is konam, forbidden as if it were an offering, for me. And the other one, the buyer, says: I will not raise my payment to you to more than a shekel, as that is konam for me. In this case, one may assume that both want to complete the deal at three dinars, and they did not intend to vow but only exaggerated for purposes of bargaining. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: Even one who wants to take a vow prohibiting another from benefiting from him, but only in order that he should eat with him, not intending to take an actual vow, should say to him at the outset: Any vow that I take in the future is void. And this statement is effective, provided that he remembers at the time of the vow that his intent at the beginning of the year was to render it void.",
+ "Vows of exaggeration that the Sages dissolved without a request to a halakhic authority, as described in the first mishna in the chapter, include the following examples. If one said concerning a certain item: It is konam for me if I did not see on this road as many people as those who ascended from Egypt, or if he said: It is konam for me if I did not see a snake as large as the beam of an olive press, in these cases the speaker did not intend to vow but used hyperbole to demonstrate a point, and it is understood by others that the expression is not to be taken literally. What are examples of vows that are unintentional that are dissolved, as taught at the beginning of the chapter? One who vows: This loaf is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam] if I ate or if I drank, and then he remembers that he ate or drank. Or, one who vows: This loaf is konam for me if I will eat or if I will drink, and he then forgets and eats or drinks. Also, one who said: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife because she stole my purse or she hit my son, and then it became known that she had not hit him or it became known that she had not stolen. The mishna lists another example of an unintentional vow: One who saw people entering his courtyard and eating figs, and because he did not want them to do so he said: The figs are forbidden to you like an offering. And then it was found that his father and brother were in the group, and there were others with them as well, and certainly he did not intend to take a vow prohibiting his father and brother from eating the figs. In such a case, Beit Shammai says: They, his father and brother, are permitted to eat the figs, and those others that were with them are prohibited from doing so. And Beit Hillel says: Both these and those are permitted to eat the figs, as will be clarified in the Gemara.",
+ "What are examples of vows impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control? If one’s friend took a vow with regard to him that he should eat with him, and he became sick, or his son became sick, or a river that he was unable to cross barred him from coming, these are examples of vows whose fulfillment are impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control. They are not binding and do not require dissolution.",
+ "One may take a vow to murderers, i.e., people suspected of killing others over monetary matters; or to robbers [ḥaramin]; or to tax collectors who wish to collect tax, that the produce in his possession is teruma although it is not teruma. One may also take a vow to them that the produce in his possession belongs to the house of the king, although it does not belong to the house of the king. One may take a false vow to save himself or his possessions, as a statement of this sort does not have the status of a vow. Beit Shammai say: One may vow in such a case, although he has no intention that his words be true, using every means of taking a vow or making a prohibition in order to mislead those people, except for by taking of an oath, due to its more stringent nature. And Beit Hillel say: One may mislead them even by taking an oath. Beit Shammai say: When negotiating with a robber, one should not initiate by taking a vow for him unless the robber does not believe his claim, in which case he may take a vow to reinforce his words. And Beit Hillel say: He may even initiate by taking a vow to him. Beit Shammai say: One may take a vow only about that which the robber compels him to take a vow but may not add to it. And Beit Hillel say: One may take a vow even about that which he does not compel him to take a vow. The mishna explains the previous statement: How so? If the extortionist said to him that he should say: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife if the vow is not true, and he said: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife and my children, Beit Shammai say: His wife is permitted to benefit from him, since the extortionist demanded that he take that vow, but his children, whom he added of his own accord, are prohibited from benefiting from their father. And Beit Hillel say: Both these and those are permitted to benefit from him.",
+ "If one sees his property in danger of being destroyed, and takes a vow stating, for example: These saplings are like an offering if they are not cut down, or: This garment is like an offering if it is not burned, these items are consecrated if the saplings remain standing or if the garment is not burned. In addition, they are subject to the possibility of redemption just as other items consecrated for maintenance of the Temple may be redeemed. But if one said: These saplings are like an offering until they are cut down, or: This garment is like an offering until it is burned, then they are not subject to the possibility of redemption.",
+ "In the case of one who takes a vow that he will not derive benefit from seafarers, he is permitted to benefit from those who live on dry land. But if he takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who live on dry land, he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from seafarers, because seafarers are included within the category of those who live on dry land. The mishna now defines seafarers: Not like those that travel by ship from Akko to Jaffa, which is a short trip, but rather one who customarily departs [lefaresh] to distant locations, e.g., foreign countries.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who see the sun is prohibited from deriving benefit even from the blind, although they see nothing. This is because he meant only to include all those that the sun sees, i.e., shines upon with light.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those that have dark heads [sheḥorei harosh] is prohibited from deriving benefit from those that are bald, although they have no hair at all, and from the elderly who have white hair. This is because the term is not to be understood in its simple meaning but rather in a broader manner. But he is permitted to derive benefit from women and from children, because only men are called: Those with dark heads.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those that are born [yeludim] is permitted to derive benefit from those who will be born [noladim] after the time of the vow. But if one takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who will be born, he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from those that are already born at the time of the vow. Rabbi Meir permits deriving benefit even from those that are already born at the time of the vow because he holds that the one taking the vow was precise in prohibiting only those that will be born. And the Rabbis say: He intended to include with this expression only one whose nature is to be born. Therefore, both those who will be born and those who were already born are included in the vow.",
+ "One who takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who rest on Shabbat is forbidden to him is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, and he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from Samaritans [Kutim] because they are also Shabbat observers. One who takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who eat garlic on Shabbat night is forbidden to him is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, and he is also prohibited from benefiting from Samaritans. However, if one takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who ascend to Jerusalem is forbidden to him, he is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, but he is permitted to benefit from Samaritans because they do not ascend to Jerusalem, but rather, to Mount Gerizim.",
+ "If one says: The property of the descendants of Noah is konam for me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he is permitted to derive benefit from a Jew but prohibited from deriving benefit from the nations of the world. If one says: The property of the offspring of Abraham is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew but permitted to derive benefit from the nations of the world. If one says: The property of a Jew is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he may purchase items from a Jew for more than the market price and may sell items to a Jew for less than the market price, so that he does not derive benefit from the transactions. If one says: Benefit from me is forbidden to a Jew, he may purchase items from a Jew for less than the market price and may sell items to a Jew for more than the market price, so that he does not derive benefit from the transactions. But although this would be permitted, they do not listen to him, i.e., people will generally not agree to deal with him in a manner that causes them a loss in every transaction. If one says: The property of a Jew is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from them, and my property is forbidden to a Jew and they will not benefit from me, in this case he may benefit from the nations of the world but not from a Jew, and a Jew may not benefit from him. If one says: Benefiting from those who are uncircumcised is konam for me, he is permitted to derive benefit from uncircumcised Jews because they are not regarded as uncircumcised, but he is prohibited from deriving benefit from the circumcised of the nations of the world. Conversely, if he said: Benefiting from those who are circumcised is konam for me, he is prohibited from deriving benefit even from uncircumcised Jews and he is permitted to derive benefit from the circumcised of the nations of the world, as the term uncircumcised is used only to name the nations of the world, as it is stated: “For all the nations are uncircumcised, but all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart” (Jeremiah 9:25), and it says: “And this uncircumcised Philistine shall be” (I Samuel 17:36), and it says: “Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph” (II Samuel 1:20). These verses indicate that ordinary gentiles are referred to as uncircumcised, regardless of whether they are actually circumcised. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: The foreskin is repulsive, as is evident from the fact that the wicked are disgraced through it, as it is stated: “Behold, the days come, says the Lord, that I will punish all them that are circumcised in their uncircumcision: Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair polled, that dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, but all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart” (Jeremiah 9:25), which indicates that there is an element of disgrace associated with the foreskin. Rabbi Yishmael says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that thirteen covenants were sealed with regard to it, for the word covenant appears thirteen times in the biblical passage that discusses circumcision (Genesis, chapter 17). Rabbi Yosei says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that it overrides the strict halakhot of Shabbat, as circumcision is performed even if the eighth day following the birth of a son occurs on Shabbat, despite the fact that circumcision violates the prohibition of labor on Shabbat. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa says: Great is the mitzva of circumcision, as is evident from the fact that the punishment of Moses the righteous for not circumcising his son when he was capable of doing so was not postponed for even a full hour (see Exodus 4:24–26). Rabbi Neḥemya says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that it overrides the prohibitions associated with leprosy. If leprosy is found on the foreskin of an infant, although it is generally prohibited to cut the afflicted area, it is permitted to do so to perform the mitzva of circumcision. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that despite all the mitzvot that Abraham our Patriarch did, he was not called wholehearted until he circumcised himself, as it is stated at the time that the mitzva was given to him: “Walk before Me and you should be wholehearted” (Genesis 17:1). Alternatively, so great is the mitzva of circumcision that if not for it the Holy One, Blessed be He, would not have created His world, as it is stated: “Thus says the Lord: If My covenant be not with day and night, I would not have appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth” (Jeremiah 33:25), and the covenant that exists day and night is the covenant of circumcision, as it is always found on the person’s body."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The difference between one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow [hamuddar hana’a meḥaveiro] and one for whom benefit from his food is forbidden by vow concerns only setting foot on the other person’s property and borrowing from that person utensils that one does not use in preparation of food but for other purposes. Those two benefits are forbidden to the former but permitted to the latter. Therefore, with regard to one for whom benefit from another’s food is forbidden by vow, that person may not lend him utensils used in the preparation of food, e.g., a sieve, or a strainer, or a millstone, or an oven. However, he may lend him a garment, or a finger ring, or a cloak, or nose rings, as these are not used in the preparation of food. However, he may not lend them to one for whom benefit from him is forbidden by vow. And with regard to any item that one does not use in the preparation of food, in a place where one rents items of that kind, that item is forbidden. Meaning, one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow is prohibited from borrowing this type of item from the one who vowed and imposed the prohibition. This is because one can use the money saved by borrowing the item rather than renting it to purchase food.",
+ "With regard to one prohibited by vow from deriving benefit from another, if that other person chooses, he may contribute the half-shekel to the Temple on his behalf, and repay his debt, and return his lost item to him, and the one prohibited from benefiting is not considered to have benefited from him. In a place where one takes payment for returning a lost item, that benefit should fall into the category of consecrated Temple property.",
+ "The mishna proceeds to list other tasks that one may perform for someone who is prohibited by vow from benefiting from him. And he separates his teruma and his tithes, provided that it is with the knowledge and consent of the owner of the produce. And he sacrifices for him the bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons and turtledoves, of zavin (see Leviticus 15:13–15); the bird nests of zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30); the bird nests of women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8); sin-offerings; and guilt-offerings. And he teaches him midrash, halakhot, and aggadot, but he may not teach him Bible. However, he may teach his sons and daughters Bible. And with regard to one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may feed his wife and children, although the one who is bound by the vow is obligated in their support and benefits when another supports them. And he may not feed his animal, whether it is a kosher animal or whether it is a non-kosher animal. Rabbi Eliezer says: He may feed the non-kosher animal, and he may not feed the kosher animal. The Rabbis said to him: What is the difference between kosher and non-kosher animals in this respect? Rabbi Eliezer said to them: The kosher animal’s being belongs to Heaven, and the animal’s body is the property of its owner, as he can eat it. Therefore, the owner benefits directly when another feeds his animal. And a non-kosher animal, both its being and its body belong to Heaven, as it is prohibited for its owner to eat its meat. The Rabbis said to him: The non-kosher animal too, its being belongs to Heaven, and its body is the property of its owner, because if the owner chooses, he sells it to gentiles or feeds it to dogs.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow and he enters his house to visit him, he stands there but does not sit. And that other person heals him with a cure of the nefesh but not a cure of mamon. And with regard to another person who is prohibited from deriving benefit from him, one may bathe with him in a large bath [ambati], in which his presence does not affect the other person. However, he may not bathe with him in a small bath, as his presence moderates the temperature of water if it is too hot or too cold, thereby benefiting the other person. And he may sleep with him in one bed. Rabbi Yehuda says: That is permitted during the days of summer, but he may not sleep with him in one bed during the rainy season, i.e., the winter, because he benefits him by warming the bed. And he may recline with him on a divan even during the rainy season, as no benefit is involved. And he may eat with him at the same table, but not from a common platter from which several people eat, as if one leaves food on the platter, the other derives benefit from him. However, he may eat with him from a platter that returns to the host, as everyone takes a small portion and leaves food on the platter. No benefit is derived. Since there is enough food for everyone, none of the diners receives part of another’s portion. One may neither eat with him from the large vessel of food placed before the laborers, nor may he work with him in the same row in a vineyard; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: He may work in the same row with him provided that he is at a distance from him. If he is close, the other would derive forbidden benefit from him.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden, before, i.e., a year other than the Sabbatical Year, he may neither enter the field of that other person, nor eat from the produce that leans out of the field, even if he does not enter the field. And during the Sabbatical Year, when the produce of the trees is ownerless, he may not enter his field; however, he may eat from the growths that lean out of the field, as the produce does not belong to the other person. If one vowed before the Sabbatical Year that benefit from another’s food is forbidden for him, he may enter his field; however, he may not eat of the produce. And during the Sabbatical Year, he may enter the field and may eat the produce.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may neither lend an item to him nor borrow an item from him. Similarly, he may neither lend money to him nor borrow money from him. And he may neither sell an item to him nor purchase an item from him. One said to another: Lend me your cow. The other person said to him: My cow is not available. The one seeking to borrow the cow responded angrily: Plowing my field with this cow is konam forever. If it was his typical manner to plow the field himself, then it is prohibited for him to plow his field with that cow but it is permitted for every other person. If it is not his typical manner to plow the field himself, and he has others plow for him, it is prohibited for him and for every other person to plow his field with that cow, because his intent was to render benefit from plowing with this cow forbidden.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow and who does not have anything to eat, the one from whom benefit is forbidden goes to the shopkeeper and says to him: So-and-so vowed that benefit from me is forbidden for him and I do not know what I will do. After grasping his intent, the shopkeeper gives food to the one for whom benefit is forbidden, and then the shopkeeper comes and takes payment for the food from that one who spoke to him. Similarly, if the house of one for whom benefit is forbidden by a vow was to be built, his fence to be erected, or his field to be harvested, and laborers were required but he had no money to hire them, the one from whom benefit is forbidden goes to the laborers and says to them: Benefit from me is forbidden by vow to so-and-so and I do not know what I will do. And the laborers perform those tasks with him, and come and take payment for their labor from that person who approached them.",
+ "If the one who vowed to render benefit from him forbidden and the one for whom benefit is forbidden were traveling together along the road and the one for whom benefit is forbidden does not have anything to eat, the one who from whom benefit is forbidden gives food to one other person as a gift, and it is permitted for that person for whom benefit is forbidden to eat the food because it no longer belongs to the one from whom benefit is forbidden. If there is no other person with them, the one who vowed places the food on the nearest rock or on the nearest fence and says: These food items are hereby rendered ownerless and are available to anyone who wants them. Then that person for whom benefit is forbidden takes and eats the food. Rabbi Yosei prohibits doing so."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Partners who vowed not to derive benefit from one another are prohibited from entering into a courtyard that they jointly own, since each one has a portion in it and benefits from the share owned by the other, thereby leading to a violation of the vow. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: It is permitted for both to use the courtyard, as it can be said that since each has a portion in the courtyard; this one enters into his own portion and that one enters into his own portion. And all agree that they are both prohibited from setting up a mill or an oven in the jointly owned courtyard, or to raise chickens in it. If only one of the partners was prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from the other, he may not enter the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: He can say to the partner: I am entering into my own portion and I am not entering into your portion. And the court forces the one who took such a vow to sell his portion so that he does not cause the other to transgress.",
+ "If someone from the marketplace is prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from one of the partners, he may not enter a courtyard of the partners, since it belongs partly to the one from whom he may not benefit. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: He can say to him: I am entering into the portion of another resident of the courtyard and I am not entering your own portion since it does not belong entirely to you.",
+ "With regard to one prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from another and he has a bathhouse or an olive press in the city that is leased out and available for public use, if the one who took the vow has a right to profits from usage in the property, i.e., he retains some rights in the property and has not leased them out completely, it is forbidden for the one who took the vow to use it. If he has no right of usage in the property, it is permitted. With regard to one who says to another: Entering your house is konam for me, or: Purchasing your field is konam for me, then if he, i.e., the owner of the house or field, dies or sells the house to another, it is permitted for the one who took the vow to enter the house or purchase the field, as it is no longer in the possession of the prior owner. But if he said: Entering this house is konam for me, or: Purchasing this field is konam for me, then even if the owner dies or sells it to another, it is forbidden.",
+ "If someone says to another: I am hereby forbidden to you like an item dedicated to the Temple, then the one prohibited by the vow is prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the one who took the vow. If someone says: You are hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, then the one who took the vow is prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the other. If he says: I am hereby forbidden to you and you are hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, both are prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the other. But it is permitted for both of them to benefit from the objects belonging to those who ascended from Babylonia, i.e., common property of the nation as a whole, which is not considered to be the property of any individual. But it is prohibited for them to benefit from objects of that city, which are considered to be jointly owned by all its residents. ",
+ "And what are examples of objects belonging to those who ascended from Babylonia? For example, the Temple Mount, and the Temple Courtyards, and the water cistern in the middle of the road. And what are objects of that city? For example, the city square, and the bathhouse, and the synagogue, and the ark which houses the Torah scrolls, and the Torah scrolls. And one who writes, i.e., signs, his portion of the shared objects of that city over to the Nasi. Rabbi Yehuda says: This is the halakha with regard to both one who writes his portion over to the Nasi and one who writes it over to a common person. Rabbi Yehuda adds: What is the difference between one who writes it over to the Nasi and one who writes it over to a common person? That one who writes it to the Nasi need not formally confer possession of the item, whereas one who writes it over to a common person must confer possession to him. And the Rabbis say: Both this one and that one must confer possession, and they specifically mentioned the Nasi only so as to speak in the present, addressing situations that were prevalent. Rabbi Yehuda says: The people of Galilee do not have to write their portion over to the Nasi because their fathers already wrote it for them, declaring that all the public property belongs to him.",
+ "With regard to one who is prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from another and he does not have anything to eat, the other may give the food to someone else as a gift and he is then permitted to eat it. The mishna recounts: An incident occurred involving someone in the city of Beit Ḥoron whose father had vowed not to derive benefit from him, and the son was marrying off his own son and wanted his father to be able to participate in the wedding meal. And he therefore said to another: The courtyard where the wedding will take place and the wedding meal are given before you as a gift, but only so that my father will come and eat with us at the meal. The recipient said: If they are mine, they are all hereby consecrated to Heaven, i.e., the Temple, and are forbidden to everyone. The son said to him in anger: And did I give you my property so that you should consecrate it to Heaven? He, the recipient, said to him: You gave me your property only so that you and your father would eat and drink and thereby appease each other, and the sin of transgressing the vow would be hung on his, i.e., my, head, as I enabled the transgression. The Sages therefore said: Any gift that is not so absolute so that if the recipient were to consecrate the gift it would be consecrated, is not a gift. In other words, in order for it to be a gift, the recipient must have the ability to consecrate it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who vows that cooked foods are forbidden to him, he is permitted to eat roasted and boiled foods, as they are not defined as cooked. If one said: Cooked food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting a loose cooked food but is permitted to taste a thick one, which people do not generally refer to as a cooked food. And he is likewise permitted to eat a turemuta egg and the remutza gourd, as they are not considered cooked foods either. ",
+ "In the case of one who vows that food cooked in a dish is forbidden to him, he is prohibited from deriving benefit only from food that is cooked by boiling it in a dish. However, if one said: That which enters into a dish is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting anything cooked in a dish. ",
+ "One who vows that pickled food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only pickled vegetables, as that is what people usually mean when referring to pickled food. However, if he says: Pickled food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting all pickled foods. Similarly, one who vows that boiled food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only boiled meat, as that is the common meaning of the expression boiled food. On the other hand, if he says: Boiled food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all boiled foods. One who vows that roasted food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only roasted meat; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. However, if one says: Roasted food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all roasted foods. One who vows that salted food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only salted fish, as that is the common meaning of the expression salted food. If, on the other hand, he says: Salted food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all salted foods. ",
+ "If one says: Fish or fishes are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating all of them, whether large fish or small, whether salted or unsalted, whether raw or cooked. But he is permitted to taste minced sardines and to taste fish brine, as these are not included in the common meaning of the word fish. One who vows that tzaḥana, a concoction of whole and chopped fish, is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating minced sardines as well, but he is permitted to eat fish brine and fish gravy [morays]. One who vows that minced sardines are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating fish brine and from eating fish gravy. ",
+ "One who vows that milk is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of whey [kum], the liquid that separates from milk when it is made into cheese. But Rabbi Yosei prohibits him from partaking of whey. If one vows that whey is forbidden to him, he is permitted to partake of milk. Abba Shaul says: One who vows that cheese is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating it whether it is salted or unsalted. ",
+ "One who vows that meat is forbidden to him is permitted to eat gravy and sediments of boiled meat [kifa]. But Rabbi Yehuda maintains that he is prohibited from eating them. Rabbi Yehuda said: There was an incident where one took such a vow and Rabbi Tarfon prohibited us from even eggs that were cooked with meat. The Rabbis said to him: Indeed so, but when is this the halakha? When he says: This meat is forbidden to me, referring to a specific piece of meat. This is because in the case of one who vows that an item is forbidden to him, and it becomes mixed into another item, if the latter contains an amount of the forbidden food that gives it flavor, i.e., the forbidden food can be tasted in the permitted food, the mixture is forbidden. However, if one vows that meat in general is forbidden to him, without specifying a particular piece, only the meat itself is forbidden, not the gravy, sediments, or eggs cooked with that meat. ",
+ "Likewise, one who vows that wine is forbidden to him is permitted to eat a cooked dish that has the flavor of wine. However, if he said: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, and the wine fell into a cooked dish, if the dish contains an amount of the wine that gives it flavor, it is forbidden. One who vows that grapes are forbidden to him is permitted to partake of wine. One who vows that olives are forbidden to him is permitted to partake of oil. However, if one said: Olives and grapes are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste these items, he is prohibited from tasting them and the wine and oil that emerge from them. ",
+ "One who vows that dates are forbidden to him is permitted to eat date honey. One who vows that late grapes are forbidden to him is permitted to eat vinegar of late grapes. Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: In the case of any food that the name of its derivative is called after its name, i.e., the liquid that emerges from it bears its name, e.g., date honey or vinegar of late grapes, and one vows that the item itself, e.g., the grape, is forbidden to him, he is also prohibited from consuming the liquid that emerges from it. But the Rabbis permit this. ",
+ "One who vows that wine is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of apple wine, i.e., cider, as the unspecified term wine refers only to grape wine. One who vows that oil is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of sesame oil, as the unspecified term oil refers only to olive oil. One who vows that honey is forbidden to him is permitted to eat date honey, as the unspecified term honey refers only to bee honey. One who vows that vinegar is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of vinegar of late grapes, as vinegar is typically made from wine. One who vows that leeks are forbidden to him is permitted to eat kaflutot, a type of leek. One who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him is permitted to eat wild field vegetables, as this type of vegetable has a modifier and is not referred to by the unspecified term vegetable. ",
+ "One who vows that cabbage is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating ispargus, as that is a type of cabbage. However, one who vows that ispargus is forbidden to him is permitted to eat cabbage. One who vows that pounded beans are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating pounded bean stew [mikpa]. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat it.One who vows that pounded beans are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating pounded bean stew. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat it. One who vows that pounded bean stew is forbidden to him is permitted to eat pounded beans according to all opinions. One who vows that stew is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating the garlic of the stew. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat the garlic. One who vows that garlic is forbidden to him is permitted to eat stew. One who vows that lentils are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating ashishim, a dish made from lentils. However, Rabbi Yosei permits it. It is agreed by all opinions that one who vows that ashishim is forbidden to him is permitted to eat lentils. If one says: Ḥitta, wheat in singular form, or ḥittim, wheat in plural form, are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating wheat, whether as flour or bread. If one says: Pounded bean or pounded beans are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating them, whether raw or cooked. Rabbi Yehuda says that if one says: Pounded bean or ḥitta is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is permitted to chew them raw, as that is not the normal way to eat them, and therefore was not included in the intention of the vow."
+ ],
+ [
+ "For one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is permitted for him to eat gourds, as people typically do not include gourds in the category of vegetables; and Rabbi Akiva prohibits him from eating gourds. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Akiva: But doesn’t a person say to his agent: Purchase vegetables for me, and the agent, after failing to find vegetables, returns with gourds and says: I found only gourds? This indicates that gourds are not considered vegetables. Rabbi Akiva said to them: The matter is so, and that proves my opinion; or perhaps, does the agent return and say: I found only legumes? Rather, it is apparent that gourds are included in the category of vegetables, although they differ from other vegetables, and therefore, the agent purchases gourds and explains that he found only gourds. And legumes are not included in the category of vegetables, and that is why the agent dispatched to purchase vegetables would not purchase legumes at all. And for one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the fresh cowpea, which is considered a vegetable, and it is permitted to eat dry cowpea, which is not a vegetable.",
+ "For one who vows that grain [dagan] is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the dry cowpea, because, like grain, its final stage of production involves being placed in a pile; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: It is prohibited for him to partake of only the five species of grain: Wheat, barley, oats, spelt, and rye, as that is the connotation of the term dagan in the Torah. Rabbi Meir says: For one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [tevua], it is prohibited for him to eat from only the five species of grain. However, for one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [dagan], it is prohibited to eat all produce whose final stage of production involves being placed in a pile, e.g., dry cowpea, and it is permitted for him to eat fruits of the tree and vegetables.",
+ "For one who vows that a garment is forbidden to him, it is permitted to wear sackcloth, and to wear a sheet, and to wear a coarse curtain [ḥamila], as these are not in the category of garments. For one who said: Wool is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool fleece, which is not considered a garment, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a woolen fabric. For one who said: Flax is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with uncombed flax in bundles, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a flaxen fabric. Rabbi Yehuda says: Everything is determined according to the one who vows. If one was bearing a burden of wool and linen, and was sweating, and its smell was unpleasant for him, and in reaction, he said: Wool and linen are konam for me and I will therefore not place them upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool and linen garments, but it is prohibited for him to sling them over his shoulder behind him as a burden. The circumstances of his vow make it clear that he intends to forswear carrying wool and linen as a burden rather than the wearing of them as a garment.",
+ "For one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, entry is permitted for him in the upper story of the house; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: An upper story is included in the house, and therefore, entry is prohibited there as well. However, for one who vows that an upper story is forbidden to him, entry is permitted in the house, as the ground floor is not included in the upper story.",
+ "For one who vows that a bed is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a dargash, which is not commonly called a bed; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: A dargash is included in the category of a bed. Everyone agrees that for one who vows that a dargash is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a bed. For one who vows that the city is forbidden to him, it is permitted to enter the Shabbat boundary of that city, the two-thousand-cubit area surrounding the city, and it is prohibited to enter its outskirts, the seventy-cubit area adjacent to the city. However, for one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to enter only from the doorstop and inward.",
+ "For one who says: This produce is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to partake of the produce, or of its replacements, or of anything that grows from it. If he says: This produce is konam for me, and for that reason I will not eat it, or for that reason I will not taste it, it is permitted for him to partake of its replacements or of anything that grows from it. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, e.g., bulbs, which flower and enter into a foliage period and repeat the process, it is prohibited for him to partake even of the growths of its growths, as the original, prohibited item remains intact.",
+ "For one who says to his wife: Your handicraft is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to benefit from her handicraft, and from their replacements and anything that grows from them. However, if he said to his wife: Your handicraft is konam for me only in the sense that I will not eat from your handicraft, or that I will not taste from your handicraft, it is permitted for him to benefit from their replacements and anything that grows from them. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, it is prohibited for him to benefit even from the growths of their growths.",
+ "If the husband said: From that which you prepare, I will not eat until Passover, or, with that which you prepare, I will not cover myself until Passover, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is permitted for him to eat or to cover himself with them after Passover. If, however, he said: From that which you prepare until Passover, I will not eat, or from that which you prepare until Passover, I will not cover myself, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is prohibited for him to eat or cover himself with it after Passover. ",
+ "If he said to her: Benefit from me until Passover if you go to your father’s house from now until the festival of Sukkot is forbidden for you, and she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until Passover. If she derived benefit from him before Passover and went to visit her father after Passover, she is liable for violating the prohibition of: He shall not profane his word (Numbers 30:3), as the condition was fulfilled and she violated the vow retroactively. If the husband vowed: Benefit from me is konam for you until the Festival if you go to your father’s house from now until Passover, then if she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until the Festival, and it is permitted for her to go to her father’s house after Passover, as that time period is not included in his stipulation."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If one vows: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day at nightfall, and not for a twenty-four hour period. If one vows not to drink wine this week, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week. And as Shabbat is considered part of the week that passed, i.e., it is the end of the week, he is prohibited from drinking wine on the upcoming Shabbat. If one vows not to drink wine this month, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month; and as the New Moon of the following month is considered part of the next month, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine this year, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the year; and as Rosh HaShana is considered to be part of the upcoming year, not the current one, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine during this seven-year Sabbatical cycle, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the seven-year cycle; and as the Sabbatical Year is considered part of the cycle that passed, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the upcoming Sabbatical Year. All this applies if he said that he would not drink wine on this day or this week, but if he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, or one week, or one month, or one year, or one seven-year cycle, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day and time he took the vow to the same time the next day, or week, etc.",
+ "If he takes a vow that wine is forbidden to him until Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. If he said: Until it will be Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover ends, as he may have intended for the vow to apply as long as it was still Passover (Rosh). If he said: Until before Passover, Rabbi Meir says: It is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. Rabbi Yosei says: It is forbidden to him until it ends.",
+ "If one takes a vow that something is forbidden to him until the grain harvest, or until the grape harvest, or until the olive harvest, it is forbidden to him only until the arrival of that season. This is the principle: With regard to any occasion whose time is fixed, and one said: Until it arrives, it is forbidden to him until the specified occasion arrives. If he said: Until it will be, it is forbidden to him until the specified occasion ends. And with regard to any occasion whose time is not fixed, i.e., it does not fall on a precise date, whether he said: Until it will be, or: Until it arrives, it is forbidden to him only until the specified occasion arrives.",
+ "If he said: Until the summer [kayitz], or: Until it will be summer, the vow remains in effect until the people begin to bring fruit into their houses in baskets. If he said: Until the summer has passed, the vow remains in effect until the people set aside [yakpilu] the knives [hamaktzuot] with which the figs are cut after being harvested, and return them to their place of storage. If one takes a vow until the harvest, the vow remains in effect until people begin to harvest. This is referring to the wheat harvest but not the barley harvest. As for the exact date of this event, all is determined according to the place where he took his vow. If he was on a mountain, it is assumed that he referred to the time of the harvest on the mountain, and if he was in a valley, it is assumed that he meant the time of the harvest in the valley.",
+ "If one takes a vow until the rains, or until there are rains, the vow remains in effect until the second rain of the rainy season falls. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Until the time of the second rainfall arrives, even if rain does not fall. If one takes a vow until the rains end, the vow remains in effect until the entire month of Nisan has ended; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: Until Passover has passed. In the case of one who said: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it for the entire year, if the year was extended, i.e., it was declared to be a leap year, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the year and its intercalated month. If he vowed until the beginning of the month of Adar, the vow remains in effect until the beginning of the first Adar. Similarly, if he says that his vow applies until the end of Adar, the vow remains in effect until the end of the first Adar. Rabbi Yehuda says: In the case of one who says: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be Passover, it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the night of Passover, i.e., until the time when it is customary for people to drink wine in order to fulfill the mitzva of drinking the four cups, but he did not intend to prevent himself from being able to fulfill this mitzva.",
+ "Similarly, if he said: Meat is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be the fast of Yom Kippur, he is prohibited from eating meat only until the eve of [leilei] the fast. This is because it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the time when it is customary for people to eat meat in the festive meal before the fast, and he did not intend to prevent himself from being able to participate in that meal. Rabbi Yosei, his son, says: One who vows: Garlic is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be Shabbat, it is prohibited for him to eat garlic only until the eve of Shabbat, as it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the time when it is customary for people to eat garlic.",
+ "In the case of one who says to another: Benefiting from you is konam for me, i.e., I am prohibited from deriving benefit from you, if you do not come and take for your son one kor of wheat and two barrels of wine as a gift, this other individual can dissolve his vow without the consent of a halakhic authority. This is because he can say to him: Did you say your vow for any reason other than due to my honor, in order to convince me to accept a gift for my son? This is my honor, that I refrain from accepting the gift, and consequently the vow is annulled. And, so too, in the case of one who says to another: Benefiting from me is konam for you, i.e., you are prohibited from deriving benefit from me, if you do not come and give my son one kor of wheat and two barrels of wine, Rabbi Meir says: It is prohibited for the other individual to benefit from the speaker until he gives the gifts to his son. However, the Rabbis say: Even this individual who took the vow can dissolve his own vow without the consent of a halakhic authority. This is because he can say to him: I hereby consider it as though I have received the gift. If an individual was urging another to marry the daughter of his sister, and in order to deflect the pressure, the other man said: Benefiting from me is konam for her forever, i.e., she is prohibited from deriving any benefit from me forever, and, so too, if there is one who divorces his wife and says: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife forever, these women are permitted to derive benefit from him, as this man intended to take this vow only for the purpose of prohibiting marriage between them, but not to prohibit all forms of benefit. Similarly, if one was urging another to eat with him, and the latter said: Entering your house is konam for me, as is tasting even a drop of cold liquid of yours, the individual who took the vow is nevertheless permitted to enter his house and to drink a cold beverage of his. This is because this individual intended to take this vow only for the purpose of eating and drinking a meal, but not to prohibit himself from entering the house entirely or from drinking in small quantities (Commentary on Nedarim). "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: When halakhic authorities are approached with regard to the dissolution of a vow, they may broach dissolution with a person who took a vow by raising the issue of how taking the vow ultimately degraded the honor of his father and mother, asking him the following: Had you known that your parents would experience public shame due to your lax attitude toward your vow, would you still have taken the vow? But the Rabbis disagree with Rabbi Eliezer and prohibit broaching dissolution of a vow with this particular question. To support the opinion of the Rabbis, Rabbi Tzadok said: Instead of broaching dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of his father and mother, let them broach dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of the Omnipresent. They should point out that a vow taken in the name of God lessens the honor of God, so they could ask him: If you had known that your vow would diminish the honor of God, would you have taken your vow? And if so, if this is a valid method of broaching dissolution, there are no vows. Nevertheless, the Rabbis concede to Rabbi Eliezer with regard to a vow concerning a matter that is between him and his father and mother, that they may broach dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of his father and mother, as in this case the extenuation is connected to this particular vow.",
+ "And Rabbi Eliezer further said: They may broach dissolution by asking about a new situation, but the Rabbis prohibit it. How might they broach dissolution by asking about a new situation? If one said: It is forbidden to me like an offering [konam] that I will therefore not derive benefit from so-and-so, and that person later became a scribe [sofer], and the one who took the vow now requires his services, or if the one forbidden by the vow was marrying off his son and prepared a feast for all the residents of his town, and the one that had taken the vow said: Had I known that he would become a scribe, or that he would be marrying off his son in the near future, I would not have vowed. The mishna cites another example of a new situation. If one said: Entering this house is konam for me, and that house became a synagogue, and he said: Had I known that it would become a synagogue, I would not have vowed, in this and all such cases Rabbi Eliezer permits the halakhic authority to use this as a basis for the dissolution of the vow, and the Rabbis prohibit it.",
+ "As a continuation of the opinion of the Rabbis in the previous mishna that they may not broach dissolution of a vow based on a new situation, Rabbi Meir says: There are matters that are, at first glance, like a new situation but are not in fact like a new situation, and the Rabbis do not concede to him. How so? For example, one said: Marrying so-and-so is konam for me, as her father is evil, and they told him that her father died, or that he repented. Or he said: Entering this house is konam for me, as there is a bad dog inside it, or a snake inside it, and they told him that the dog died, or that the snake was killed. This is at first glance perceived like a new situation, and yet it is not in fact like a new situation, and this claim may be used to broach dissolution. But the Rabbis do not concede to him.",
+ "And Rabbi Meir further said: The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution with him from that which is written in the Torah, and they may say to him: Had you known that through your vow you are transgressing the prohibition “you shall not take vengeance” (Leviticus 19:18) and the prohibition “nor bear any grudge” (Leviticus 19:18), and the prohibition “you shall not hate your brother in your heart” (Leviticus 19:17), and “you shall love your neighbor as yourself” (Leviticus 19:18), as well as “and your brother should live with you” (Leviticus 25:36), as he, the one prohibited by the vow, is poor and now you are not able to provide him with a livelihood due to your vow, would you have vowed in that case? If he said in reply: Had I known that it is so, that my vow involved all these prohibitions, I would not have vowed; it is dissolved.",
+ "The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution with a man by raising the issue of his wife’s marriage contract. If one takes a vow that would require him to divorce his wife, e.g., he prohibits her from deriving benefit from him, his vow may be dissolved by asking him whether he had considered how difficult it would be to pay her marriage contract. The mishna relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against his wife deriving benefit from him, and her marriage contract was worth four hundred dinars. And he came before Rabbi Akiva, and he obligated him to give her the payment of her marriage contract. He said to Rabbi Akiva: My teacher, my father left eight hundred dinars as our inheritance, of which my brother took four hundred and I took four hundred. Isn’t it enough for my wife to take two hundred and I will have two hundred? Rabbi Akiva said to him: Your claim is not accepted, as even if you sell the hair on your head, you must give her the full payment of her marriage contract. He said to him: Had I known that it was so, that I would have to give her all my property, I would not have vowed. And Rabbi Akiva permitted her to derive benefit from him.",
+ "If one vowed that certain food or drink or all food and drink be forbidden to him, the halakhic authorities may broach dissolution by raising the issue of Festivals and Shabbatot. They ask him whether he realized at the time he stated his vow that he would have to uphold it on these festive days as well. At first they said that on those days that he did not intend to include in his vow, that item is permitted, but on all the rest of the days, food and drink are still forbidden by his vow, until Rabbi Akiva came and taught that a vow that is partially dissolved is dissolved entirely.",
+ "How so? In the case of one who said to a group of people: I will not benefit from all of you as it is konam for me, if benefit from one of them was permitted for whatever reason, benefit from all of them is permitted. However, if one said: I will not benefit from this one and from that one as it is konam for me, then if benefit from the first one was permitted for whatever reason, benefit from all of them is permitted. But if benefit from the last one was permitted, benefit from the last one alone is permitted, but benefit from all the others is forbidden, as the benefit from each is considered to have been prohibited by a separate vow. If benefit from the middle one was permitted, then from him and below, i.e., all those enumerated after him, benefit is permitted; from him and above, i.e., those listed before him, benefit is forbidden. The mishna gives another example of interconnected vows: If one stated: I will not benefit from this one, as if he were an offering, and from that one, as if he were an offering, then an extenuation enabling the dissolution of a vow is required for each and every one, as they have the status of separate vows.",
+ "The mishna gives another example of a vow that was partially dissolved. If one stated in a vow: Wine is konam for me and I will not taste it, as wine is bad for the intestines, and they said to him: But aged wine is good for the intestines, then the vow is dissolved with regard to aged wine. And not only with regard to aged wine is it dissolved, but with regard to all types of wine, since a vow that has been partially dissolved is entirely dissolved. Likewise, if one stated in a vow: Onions are konam for me and I will not taste them, as onions are bad for the heart, and they said to him: But the kuferi onion is good for the heart, then, in this case too, it is dissolved with regard to kuferi onions, and not only with regard to kuferi onions is it dissolved, but with regard to all types of onions. The mishna relates that an incident of this kind occurred, and Rabbi Meir dissolved the vow with regard to all types of onions.",
+ "The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution for a person by raising the issue of his own honor and the honor of his children. For example, if he took a vow that resulted in his needing to divorce his wife, they may say to him: Had you known that tomorrow people will say about you: This is the habit [veset] of so-and-so, that he divorces his wives due to vows, and they will say about your daughters: They are daughters of divorce, or they will ask: What did their mother see to divorce, thereby giving them a bad reputation. And if the man who vowed said: Had I known it was so, I would not have vowed, it is dissolved.",
+ "The mishna continues: If a man said: Marrying ugly so-and-so is konam for me, and she is in fact beautiful, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her black, and she is in fact white, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her short, and she is in fact tall, he is permitted to her. Not because she was ugly and became beautiful, black and became white, or short and became tall, but rather, because the vow was mistaken from the outset. The Gemara relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against deriving benefit from the daughter of his sister, as he did not wish to marry her. And they brought her into the house of Rabbi Yishmael and he beautified her. When she was later brought before the one who took the vow, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: My son, did you vow that you would not derive benefit from this woman? He said to him: No, and Rabbi Yishmael permitted her to him, as he demonstrated that the vow had been made in error. At that time Rabbi Yishmael wept and said: The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty makes them ugly. And when Rabbi Yishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lamentation, saying: Daughters of Israel, weep for Rabbi Yishmael. And it likewise states about Saul, who also concerned himself with the welfare of the daughters of Israel: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet with other delights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel” (II Samuel 1:24)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband together nullify her vows. If the father nullified her vow and the husband did not nullify it, or if the husband nullified it and the father did not nullify it, then the vow is not nullified. And needless to say, it is not nullified if one of them ratified the vow.",
+ "If the father of a betrothed young woman dies, his authority does not revert to the husband, and the husband cannot nullify the young woman’s vows by himself. However, if the husband dies, his authority reverts to the father, who can now nullify her vows on his own. In this matter, the power of the father is enhanced relative to the power of the husband. In another matter, the power of the husband is enhanced relative to the power of the father, as the husband nullifies vows during the woman’s adulthood, once they are fully married, whereas the father does not nullify her vows during her adulthood.",
+ "If she took a vow as a betrothed woman and then was divorced on the same day, and she was again betrothed on the same day to another man, or even to one hundred men, one after the other, on a single day, her father and her last husband nullify her vows. This is the principle: With regard to any young woman who has not left her father’s jurisdiction and entered into her own jurisdiction for at least one moment, through full marriage or reaching majority, her father and her final husband nullify her vows.",
+ "The practice of Torah scholars is to ensure that a woman about to be married should not be encumbered by any vows. A father, before his daughter would leave him through marriage, would say to her: All vows that you vowed in my house are hereby nullified. And similarly, the husband, before she would enter his jurisdiction, i.e., while they were still betrothed, would say to her: All vows that you vowed before you entered my jurisdiction are hereby nullified. This was necessary because once she enters his jurisdiction he cannot nullify the vows she made before that.",
+ "With regard to a grown woman who waited twelve months after her betrothal and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, or a widow who waited thirty days and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, Rabbi Eliezer says: Since her husband is already obligated to provide for her sustenance, as he is obligated to have married her by then, he can nullify her vows by himself, as if he were fully married to her. But the Rabbis say: The husband does not nullify her vows on his own until she enters his jurisdiction.",
+ "With regard to a widow waiting for her yavam to perform levirate marriage, whether she is waiting for one yavam, if her late husband had only one brother, or whether she is waiting for two or more yevamin, if he had several brothers, Rabbi Eliezer says: A yavam can nullify her vows. Rabbi Yehoshua says: If she is waiting for one yavam, he can nullify her vows, but not if she is waiting for two. Rabbi Akiva says: A yavam cannot nullify her vows, regardless of whether she is waiting for one yavam or for two or more. The mishna then elaborates: Rabbi Eliezer said: Just as with regard to a woman he acquired for himself through betrothal, he nullifies her vows, so too with regard to a woman acquired for him from Heaven, i.e., the yevama, isn’t it logical that he should be able to nullify her vows? Rabbi Akiva said to him: No, if you say that a husband can nullify the vows of a woman he acquired for himself, over whom others have no authority, shall you also say that this is the case with regard to a woman acquired for him from Heaven, over whom others have authority? If there are two yevamin, each yavam has equal authority with regard to her vows. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Akiva, your statement applies in a situation with two yevamin, but how do you reply to Rabbi Eliezer in the case of one yavam? Rabbi Akiva said to him: A yevama is not the full-fledged wife of the yavam in the in the way that a betrothed woman is her husband’s full-fledged wife, and the yavam is not empowered to nullify vows at all.",
+ "One who says to his wife: All vows that you will vow from now until I arrive from such and such a place are hereby ratified, has not said anything, i.e., the vows are not ratified. However, if he states that all vows that she will take until then are hereby nullified, Rabbi Eliezer said: They are nullified, while the Rabbis say: They are not nullified. Rabbi Eliezer said in explanation: If one can nullify vows that have reached the status of a prohibition, i.e., that have already taken effect, shall he not be able to nullify vows that have not reached the status of a prohibition? The Rabbis said to him in response: The verse states: “Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may ratify it, or her husband may nullify it” (Numbers 30:14). This teaches: That which has reached the status of eligibility for ratification, i.e., a vow that she has already taken, has reached the status of eligibility for nullification. However, a vow that has not reached the status of eligibility for ratification has not reached the status of eligibility for nullification either, and it cannot be nullified.",
+ "The nullification of vows can be performed all day on the day on which the vow was heard. There is in this matter both a leniency, extending the nullification period, and a stricture, curtailing that period. How so? If a woman took a vow on Shabbat evening, her father or husband can nullify the vow on Shabbat evening, and on Shabbat day until dark. This is an example of extending the nullification period. However, if she took a vow with nightfall approaching, her father or husband can nullify the vow only until nightfall, since, if it became dark and he had not yet nullified her vow, he cannot nullify it anymore. This is an example of a curtailed nullification period."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows that he, the husband or father, can nullify: The first category consists of matters that involve affliction for the woman who took the vow. For example, if a woman vowed: If I bathe, or: If I do not bathe; if she vowed: If I adorn myself [etkashet], or: If I do not adorn myself. Rabbi Yosei said: These are not vows of affliction. ",
+ "Rather, these are vows of affliction: For example, if she said: The produce of the entire world is konam for me as if it were an offering, he can nullify the vow, as it certainly involves affliction. If, however, she said: The produce of this country is konam for me, he cannot nullify the vow, as it does not involve affliction, since he may still bring her produce from another country. Similarly, if she said: The produce of this storekeeper is konam for me, he cannot nullify her vow, as he may still bring her produce from another storekeeper. But if he can obtain his sustenance only from him, that particular storekeeper, he can nullify the vow. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei.",
+ "If a woman vowed: The property of other people is konam for me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, her husband cannot nullify her vow, but nevertheless, if she is poor, she may benefit from the agricultural gifts that must be left for the poor: Gleanings, i.e., isolated stalks that fell during the harvest; forgotten sheaves; and produce of the corners [pe’a] of the field that the owner is obligated to leave for the poor. Enjoyment of these gifts is not considered as benefit derived from people, as these gifts are not given voluntarily out of the kindness of the donors, but in the performance of a mitzva. If one said: I will not let priests and Levites benefit from me, as that is konam for me, they can take the priestly and Levitical gifts from him against his will. If, however, he said: I will not let these specific priests and these specific Levites benefit from me, as that is konam for me, they are taken by others.",
+ "If a woman said: I will not produce anything for my father, as that is konam for me, or: For your father, or: For my brother, or: For your brother, her husband cannot nullify such vows, as they do not fall under the category of vows that adversely affect the relationship between him and her. By contrast, if she said: I will not produce anything for you, including the work that she is obligated to do for him according to the terms of her marriage contract, as that is konam for me, her husband need not nullify the vow at all. It is automatically void, since she is obligated to perform those tasks. Rabbi Akiva says: He should nevertheless nullify the vow, as perhaps she will exceed the required amount of work and do more for him than is fitting for him to receive. If she does more than the fixed amount of work that a woman is obligated to perform for her husband, the vow will be valid with respect to the excess to which he is not entitled, and he might inadvertently come to benefit from something that is forbidden to him. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri also says that he should nullify the vow, but for a different reason: Perhaps he will one day divorce her, at which point the vow will take effect and she will then be forbidden to him forever, i.e., he will be unable to remarry her, lest he come to benefit from her labor.",
+ "If a man’s wife took a vow and he thought that it was his daughter who had taken a vow, or if his daughter took a vow and he thought that it was his wife who had taken a vow, or if his wife vowed to be a nazirite and he thought that she had vowed to bring an offering, or if she vowed to bring an offering and he thought that she had vowed to be a nazirite, or if she took a vow that figs are forbidden to her and he thought that she had taken a vow that grapes are forbidden to her, or if she took a vow that grapes are forbidden to her and he thought that she had taken a vow that figs are forbidden to her, and he nullified any of these vows, in each case, when he realizes his error with regard to the vow, he must repeat the action and nullify the vow a second time.",
+ "If a woman said: Tasting these figs and grapes is konam for me, and her husband upheld her vow with regard to figs, the entire vow is upheld, but if he nullified it with regard to figs it is not nullified until he also nullifies the vow with regard to grapes. If she said: Tasting a fig and tasting a grape are konam for me, these are viewed as two separate vows; if the husband upholds one of the vows it has no effect on the other one.",
+ "If a man’s wife or daughter took a vow and he failed to nullify the vow on the day he heard it, but afterward he said: I know that there are vows, but I don’t know that there are those who can nullify them, i.e., he was unaware of the possibility of nullifying vows, he can nullify the vow of his wife or his daughter on the day he learned that he can nullify vows. If, however, he said: I know there are those who can nullify vows, but I refrained from nullifying the vow that I heard because I do not know that this is considered a vow, Rabbi Meir says he cannot nullify the vow at this point, but the Rabbis say that even in this case he can nullify the vow on the day that he learned of his mistake.",
+ "With regard to one who vows that benefit from him is forbidden to his son-in-law, but he nevertheless wishes to give his daughter, i.e., the wife of that same son-in-law, money, then, though he cannot do so directly, as anything acquired by a woman belongs to her husband, he should say to her: This money is hereby given to you as a gift, provided that your husband has no rights to it, but the gift includes only that which you pick up and place in your mouth.",
+ "The Torah states: “But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, with which she has bound her soul, shall stand against her” (Numbers 30:10). How so? If a widow or divorced woman said: I am hereby a nazirite after thirty days, then even if she was married within thirty days, her new husband cannot nullify her vow. If she took a vow while she was under the jurisdiction of her husband, he can nullify the vow for her. How so? If she said when she was still married: I am hereby a nazirite for after thirty days, and her husband nullified the vow, then even if she was widowed or divorced within the thirty-day period, the vow is nullified. If she took a vow on that, i.e., one, day and was divorced on that same day, then even if her husband took her back as his wife on that same day, he cannot nullify her previous vows. This is the principle: Once she has left and gone into her own jurisdiction for even a single hour, then after they are remarried her husband can no longer nullify any vow she uttered during their first marriage.",
+ "There are nine young women whose vows are upheld and cannot be nullified: If she took a vow when she was a grown woman and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and has reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not yet reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not reached her majority, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and her father died, and after her father died she reached her majority; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father is still alive; and if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father is still alive. Rabbi Yehuda says: With regard to even one who married off his minor daughter, and she was widowed or divorced and she returned to him, and according to her age she still is in the category of a young woman, her vows cannot be nullified.",
+ "If a woman said to her husband: Deriving benefit from my father or from your father is konam for me if I will prepare anything for you; or if she said: Deriving benefit from you is konam for me if I will prepare anything for my father or for your father, the husband can nullify this vow.",
+ "Initially the Sages would say that three women are divorced even against their husbands’ will, and nevertheless they receive payment of what is due to them according to their marriage contract. The first is the wife of a priest who says to her husband: I am defiled to you, i.e., she claims that she had been raped, so that she is now forbidden to her husband. The second is a woman who says to her husband: Heaven is between me and you, i.e., she declares that he is impotent, a claim she cannot prove, as the truth of it is known only to God. And the third is a woman who takes a vow, stating: I am removed from the Jews, i.e., benefit from sexual intercourse with any Jew, including my husband, is forbidden to me. They subsequently retracted their words and said that in order that a married woman should not cast her eyes on another man and to that end ruin her relationship with her husband and still receive payment of her marriage contract, these halakhot were modified as follows: A priest’s wife who says to her husband: I am defiled to you, must bring proof for her words that she was raped. As for a woman who says: Heaven is between me and you, the court must act and deal with the matter by way of a request, rather than force the husband to divorce his wife. And with regard to a woman who says: I am removed from the Jews, her husband must nullify his part, i.e., the aspect of the vow that concerns him, so that she should be permitted to him, and she may engage in sexual intercourse with him, but she is removed from all other Jews, so that if he divorces her she is forbidden to all."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Nedarim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "When an individual takes a vow, he renders an object forbidden to himself or to others as though it were a sacrificial offering; this parallels the act of consecrating an offering, which also renders an item forbidden for personal use by means of a verbal declaration. The most direct expression of a vow is when an individual says: This object is forbidden to me, or to others, like an offering. Additionally, the mishna states that all substitutes for the language of vows are like vows. Consequently, if one states that an object is forbidden to him like a konam instead of like an offering [korban], the vow takes effect, as konam is a substitute term for the word korban (see 10a). Similarly, substitutes for the language of dedications are like dedications, substitutes for the language of oaths are like oaths, and substitutes for the language of nazirite vows are like nazirite vows. Therefore, if one declared a ḥerekh instead of a dedication [ḥerem], a shevuta instead of an oath [shevua], or proclaimed that he was becoming a nazik instead of a nazirite [nazir], his statement takes effect. With regard to one who says to another: I am avowed from you, or: I am separated from you, or: I am distanced from you, and he then says: That which I eat of yours, or: That which I taste of yours, even though he did not explicitly state that he is taking a vow or specify the nature of the vow, the object of his vow is nevertheless forbidden. His intention is understood based on his incomplete statement, known as an intimation of a vow, and his vow therefore takes effect. However, if he says: I am ostracized from you, which does not clearly declare any matter to be prohibited, Rabbi Akiva was uncertain about this halakha but was inclined to rule stringently about this and consider it a vow prohibiting the speaker from deriving benefit from his fellow. The mishna continues to explain the rules of intimations of vows. If an individual states that he accepts an obligation upon himself like the vows of the wicked, he has vowed with regard to becoming a nazirite, or bringing an offering, or taking an oath. This is considered a real formulation of a vow, just as the wicked customarily take vows. If he says: Like the vows of the virtuous, he has not said anything, because virtuous people do not generally take vows. If he says: Like their gift offerings, he has vowed with regard to becoming a nazirite or bringing an offering.",
+ "In the case of one who says to another that a certain object is konam, konaḥ, or konas, these expressions are substitutes for the term offering [korban], and the vow takes effect. Ḥerek, ḥerekh and ḥeref; these are substitutes for the term indicating a dedication [ḥerem] to the Temple treasury. Nazik, naziaḥ, and paziaḥ; these are substitutes for the term naziriteship [nazir]. Shevuta, shekuka, or one who vows with the term mota, these are substitutes for the term oath [shevua].",
+ "If one says to another: That which I eat of yours shall be considered laḥullin, it is interpreted as though he said: La ḥullin, not non-sacred, and the food is thereby forbidden to him. Similarly, if he said that food shall be considered not valid or not dekhi, i.e., not ritually pure, or if he said the food shall be considered an offering that has become ritually impure, left over [notar], or piggul, i.e., an offering that was sacrificed with the intent to consume it after its appointed time, it is forbidden. If one says that food shall be considered like the lamb of the daily offering, like the animals designated as offerings and kept in special enclosures, like the wood of the altar, like the fires on the altar, like the altar, like the Sanctuary, or like Jerusalem, or if he took a vow with any of the accessories of the altar, although he did not explicitly mention that the food should be like an offering, it is considered a vow that associates a different item with an offering. Rabbi Yehuda says: One who says that an item shall be considered Jerusalem, instead of saying that it shall be considered like Jerusalem, has not said anything.",
+ "With regard to one who says: An offering, a burnt-offering, a meal-offering, a sin-offering, a thanks-offering, or a peace-offering, and adds: That which I eat of yours, the vow takes effect and the food is forbidden. Rabbi Yehuda renders the food permitted in all these cases. If one says: The offering, like an offering, or an offering, and adds: That which I will eat of yours, the food is forbidden. If he says: That which I will not eat of your shall be for an offering, Rabbi Meir renders the food forbidden. One who says to another: It is konam for me for my mouth to speak with you, or: It is konam for me for my hand to work with you, or: It is konam for me for my foot to walk with you, it is prohibited for him to speak with, work with, or walk with the other individual."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows in which the one who takes the vow attempts to create a prohibition on an item by associating it with an item in an ineffective manner, rendering the vow void and leaving the item permitted: If one says: That which I will eat of yours will be non-sacred [ḥullin]; or: That which I will eat of yours will be like pig meat; or: Like an object of idol worship; or: Like the hides of animal offerings whose hearts were removed as a form of idol worship, and it is therefore prohibited to derive benefit from those animals; or: Like animal carcasses and animals with a wound that will cause them to die within twelve months [tereifot]; or: Like non-kosher repugnant creatures and non-kosher creeping animals; or: Like the ḥalla of Aaron, the first priest, or like his teruma; in all these cases, the food is permitted. Although none of these items may be eaten, they are forbidden by Torah law, not by means of a vow. Therefore, it is impossible to extend their prohibition to other items by means of a vow that associates them with those items. With regard to a man who says to his wife: You are hereby to me like my mother, i.e., deriving benefit from you should be forbidden to me like engaging in sexual intercourse with my mother, dissolution is broached with him by suggesting a different extenuation, i.e., a halakhic authority suggests other, extenuating circumstances that enable the dissolution of the vow. Although this vow does not take effect either, as engaging in sexual intercourse with one’s mother is prohibited by Torah law, by rabbinic law this is treated like an actual vow and requires dissolution by a halakhic authority, so that he will not take genuine vows lightly. With regard to one who says: Sleeping is forbidden for me as if it were an offering [konam], thereby prohibiting himself from sleeping; or: Speaking is konam for me; or: Walking is konam for me; or one who says to his wife: Engaging in sexual intercourse with you is konam for me, if he violates the vow he is in violation of the prohibition “He shall not profane his word” (Numbers 30:3). If one says: I take an oath that I will not sleep, or: That I will not speak, or: That I will not walk, this activity is prohibited to him. ",
+ "As taught earlier (10a), one of the primary methods of taking a vow is by invoking an offering. The mishna provides several examples where invoking the term korban is not effective. If one says: An offering [korban] that I will not eat of yours, or: This offering [ha korban] that I will eat of yours, or: That which I will not eat of yours is not an offering [la korban], the food is permitted. If one says: An oath that I will not eat of yours, or: This is an oath that I will eat of yours [she’okhal lekha], or: Not an oath that I will not eat of yours, the food is forbidden. This rule, that oaths can render actions, which do not have actual substance, either prohibited or obligatory, is a stringency of oaths vis-à-vis vows, which do not take effect with regard to matters that do not have actual substance. And there is also a stringency of vows vis-à-vis oaths. How so? With regard to one who said: Making a sukka is konam for me, or: Taking a lulav is konam for me, or: Donning phylacteries is konam for me, in the case of vows, the items are rendered forbidden, and he may not perform the mitzva until the vow is dissolved. However, in the case of similar oaths, these items are permitted, as one cannot take an oath to transgress the mitzvot.",
+ "There is a vow within a vow. It is possible to impose an additional prohibition, by means of a vow, on an item that is already forbidden by means of a vow. But there is no oath within an oath. If one takes an oath twice with regard to the same action, the second oath does not take effect. How so? If one said: I am hereby a nazirite if I eat, and then repeated: I am hereby a nazirite if I eat, and then he ate, he is obligated to observe naziriteship for thirty days for each and every one of the vows, as both vows took effect. However, if he said: I hereby take an oath that I will not eat, and repeated: I hereby take an oath that I will not eat, and then he ate, he is liable to bring an offering for only one violation of an oath.",
+ "Unspecified vows are treated stringently, but their specification, if specification is necessary, is treated leniently. How so? If one said: This item is prohibited to me like salted meat, or: This item is prohibited to me like the wine used for libations, if he vowed in reference to meat or libations of a peace-offering, i.e., if he claimed that his intention was that the item will be forbidden to him like the salted meat of an offering, or like wine that is used for libations on the altar, it is forbidden, as he associated the item of the vow with an item forbidden by means of a vow, i.e., the offering. If he claims that he vowed in reference to meat or libations of idol worship, i.e., that the item will be like the salted meat of an offering for an idol, or like wine that is used for libations as idol worship, it is permitted, as the item of the vow was associated with an item forbidden by the Torah. By enabling the one who took the vow to later clarify his intent, the vow is treated leniently. And if the vow was without specification, i.e., the one who took the vow did not specify whether his intention was to associate the item with an offering for Heaven or to associate the item with idol worship, it is forbidden. Similarly, if one said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, if his intention was that it would be like a dedication to Heaven, which is a form of consecration, it is forbidden. And if his intention was that it would be like a dedication to priests, whereby one pledges his asset as a gift to priests, it is permitted, as this type of gift is not forbidden at all. And if he said it without specification, it is forbidden. Likewise, if he said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like tithes, if he took a vow with the intention that it would be like the animal tithe, it is forbidden, as the item of the vow was associated with an item forbidden by a vow. And if his intention was that it will be like the tithe of the granary, i.e., grain that is given to the Levites and has no sanctity, it is permitted. And if he said it without specification, it is forbidden. Similarly, if he said: This item is hereby forbidden to me like teruma, if he took a vow with the intention that it would be like the collection of the Temple treasury chamber [terumat halishka], which is a tax for the communal offerings, it is forbidden, his vow was associated with an item forbidden by a vow. And if his intention was that it would be like teruma of the granary that is given to the priests, it is permitted, as teruma is not an item forbidden by a vow. And if the vow was taken without specification, it is forbidden. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: Unspecified teruma in Judea is forbidden. However, in the Galilee it is permitted, as the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with the collection of the chamber. When they say teruma they are referring to the teruma allotted to the priests, which is familiar to them. Conversely, unspecified dedications in Judea are permitted, but in the Galilee they are forbidden, as the people of the Galilee are unfamiliar with dedications allotted to the priests, so when they say dedication they are referring to dedication to Heaven.",
+ "One who took a vow by associating an item with a dedication [ḥerem], saying: This item is hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, and then said: I took a vow only with the intention that it would be like a sea net [ḥermo shel yam] that is used to catch fish; or one who took a vow by associating an item with an offering, and then said: I took a vow only with reference to offerings to kings, i.e., a gift for a king, not an offering to God. Or one who said: I am hereby an offering myself [atzmi], and then said: I took a vow only with reference to a bone [etzem] that I set aside for myself to vow with, as atzmi means both myself and my bone, i.e., he set aside a bone so as to pretend to take a vow upon himself; or one who said: Deriving benefit from me is konam for my wife, and then said: I took a vow only with regard to my first wife whom I divorced, not with regard to my current wife. For all of the above vows, those who took them do not need to request of a halakhic authority to dissolve them, as the speaker interpreted the vows in a manner that caused them not to take effect at all. However, if they requested dissolution, apparently due to their being uncertain of their explanations, the court punishes them and treats them stringently and the vows are not dissolved. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: These vows are not treated stringently. Rather, dissolution is broached with them by suggesting a different extenuation, i.e., the halakhic authority suggests extenuating circumstances that undermine the vow but do not pertain to its wording. And we teach them that they should not take this kind of vow in the future, in order that they will not take vows lightly."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The Sages dissolved four types of vows without the requirement of a request to a halakhic authority: Vows of exhortation, vows of exaggeration, vows that are unintentional, and vows whose fulfillment is impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control. The mishna explains: Vows of exhortation are those by which one encourages another using vow terminology that is exaggerated. How so? One was selling an item and said: I will not lower the price for you to less than a sela, as that is konam, forbidden as if it were an offering, for me. And the other one, the buyer, says: I will not raise my payment to you to more than a shekel, as that is konam for me. In this case, one may assume that both want to complete the deal at three dinars, and they did not intend to vow but only exaggerated for purposes of bargaining. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: Even one who wants to take a vow prohibiting another from benefiting from him, but only in order that he should eat with him, not intending to take an actual vow, should say to him at the outset: Any vow that I take in the future is void. And this statement is effective, provided that he remembers at the time of the vow that his intent at the beginning of the year was to render it void.",
+ "Vows of exaggeration that the Sages dissolved without a request to a halakhic authority, as described in the first mishna in the chapter, include the following examples. If one said concerning a certain item: It is konam for me if I did not see on this road as many people as those who ascended from Egypt, or if he said: It is konam for me if I did not see a snake as large as the beam of an olive press, in these cases the speaker did not intend to vow but used hyperbole to demonstrate a point, and it is understood by others that the expression is not to be taken literally. What are examples of vows that are unintentional that are dissolved, as taught at the beginning of the chapter? One who vows: This loaf is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam] if I ate or if I drank, and then he remembers that he ate or drank. Or, one who vows: This loaf is konam for me if I will eat or if I will drink, and he then forgets and eats or drinks. Also, one who said: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife because she stole my purse or she hit my son, and then it became known that she had not hit him or it became known that she had not stolen. The mishna lists another example of an unintentional vow: One who saw people entering his courtyard and eating figs, and because he did not want them to do so he said: The figs are forbidden to you like an offering. And then it was found that his father and brother were in the group, and there were others with them as well, and certainly he did not intend to take a vow prohibiting his father and brother from eating the figs. In such a case, Beit Shammai says: They, his father and brother, are permitted to eat the figs, and those others that were with them are prohibited from doing so. And Beit Hillel says: Both these and those are permitted to eat the figs, as will be clarified in the Gemara.",
+ "What are examples of vows impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control? If one’s friend took a vow with regard to him that he should eat with him, and he became sick, or his son became sick, or a river that he was unable to cross barred him from coming, these are examples of vows whose fulfillment are impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control. They are not binding and do not require dissolution.",
+ "One may take a vow to murderers, i.e., people suspected of killing others over monetary matters; or to robbers [ḥaramin]; or to tax collectors who wish to collect tax, that the produce in his possession is teruma although it is not teruma. One may also take a vow to them that the produce in his possession belongs to the house of the king, although it does not belong to the house of the king. One may take a false vow to save himself or his possessions, as a statement of this sort does not have the status of a vow. Beit Shammai say: One may vow in such a case, although he has no intention that his words be true, using every means of taking a vow or making a prohibition in order to mislead those people, except for by taking of an oath, due to its more stringent nature. And Beit Hillel say: One may mislead them even by taking an oath. Beit Shammai say: When negotiating with a robber, one should not initiate by taking a vow for him unless the robber does not believe his claim, in which case he may take a vow to reinforce his words. And Beit Hillel say: He may even initiate by taking a vow to him. Beit Shammai say: One may take a vow only about that which the robber compels him to take a vow but may not add to it. And Beit Hillel say: One may take a vow even about that which he does not compel him to take a vow. The mishna explains the previous statement: How so? If the extortionist said to him that he should say: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife if the vow is not true, and he said: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife and my children, Beit Shammai say: His wife is permitted to benefit from him, since the extortionist demanded that he take that vow, but his children, whom he added of his own accord, are prohibited from benefiting from their father. And Beit Hillel say: Both these and those are permitted to benefit from him.",
+ "If one sees his property in danger of being destroyed, and takes a vow stating, for example: These saplings are like an offering if they are not cut down, or: This garment is like an offering if it is not burned, these items are consecrated if the saplings remain standing or if the garment is not burned. In addition, they are subject to the possibility of redemption just as other items consecrated for maintenance of the Temple may be redeemed. But if one said: These saplings are like an offering until they are cut down, or: This garment is like an offering until it is burned, then they are not subject to the possibility of redemption.",
+ "In the case of one who takes a vow that he will not derive benefit from seafarers, he is permitted to benefit from those who live on dry land. But if he takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who live on dry land, he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from seafarers, because seafarers are included within the category of those who live on dry land. The mishna now defines seafarers: Not like those that travel by ship from Akko to Jaffa, which is a short trip, but rather one who customarily departs [lefaresh] to distant locations, e.g., foreign countries.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who see the sun is prohibited from deriving benefit even from the blind, although they see nothing. This is because he meant only to include all those that the sun sees, i.e., shines upon with light.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those that have dark heads [sheḥorei harosh] is prohibited from deriving benefit from those that are bald, although they have no hair at all, and from the elderly who have white hair. This is because the term is not to be understood in its simple meaning but rather in a broader manner. But he is permitted to derive benefit from women and from children, because only men are called: Those with dark heads.",
+ "One who takes a vow not to derive benefit from those that are born [yeludim] is permitted to derive benefit from those who will be born [noladim] after the time of the vow. But if one takes a vow not to derive benefit from those who will be born, he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from those that are already born at the time of the vow. Rabbi Meir permits deriving benefit even from those that are already born at the time of the vow because he holds that the one taking the vow was precise in prohibiting only those that will be born. And the Rabbis say: He intended to include with this expression only one whose nature is to be born. Therefore, both those who will be born and those who were already born are included in the vow.",
+ "One who takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who rest on Shabbat is forbidden to him is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, and he is also prohibited from deriving benefit from Samaritans [Kutim] because they are also Shabbat observers. One who takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who eat garlic on Shabbat night is forbidden to him is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, and he is also prohibited from benefiting from Samaritans. However, if one takes a vow that deriving benefit from those who ascend to Jerusalem is forbidden to him, he is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew, but he is permitted to benefit from Samaritans because they do not ascend to Jerusalem, but rather, to Mount Gerizim.",
+ "If one says: The property of the descendants of Noah is konam for me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he is permitted to derive benefit from a Jew but prohibited from deriving benefit from the nations of the world. If one says: The property of the offspring of Abraham is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he is prohibited from deriving benefit from a Jew but permitted to derive benefit from the nations of the world. If one says: The property of a Jew is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, he may purchase items from a Jew for more than the market price and may sell items to a Jew for less than the market price, so that he does not derive benefit from the transactions. If one says: Benefit from me is forbidden to a Jew, he may purchase items from a Jew for less than the market price and may sell items to a Jew for more than the market price, so that he does not derive benefit from the transactions. But although this would be permitted, they do not listen to him, i.e., people will generally not agree to deal with him in a manner that causes them a loss in every transaction. If one says: The property of a Jew is forbidden to me, and for that reason I will not benefit from them, and my property is forbidden to a Jew and they will not benefit from me, in this case he may benefit from the nations of the world but not from a Jew, and a Jew may not benefit from him. If one says: Benefiting from those who are uncircumcised is konam for me, he is permitted to derive benefit from uncircumcised Jews because they are not regarded as uncircumcised, but he is prohibited from deriving benefit from the circumcised of the nations of the world. Conversely, if he said: Benefiting from those who are circumcised is konam for me, he is prohibited from deriving benefit even from uncircumcised Jews and he is permitted to derive benefit from the circumcised of the nations of the world, as the term uncircumcised is used only to name the nations of the world, as it is stated: “For all the nations are uncircumcised, but all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart” (Jeremiah 9:25), and it says: “And this uncircumcised Philistine shall be” (I Samuel 17:36), and it says: “Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph” (II Samuel 1:20). These verses indicate that ordinary gentiles are referred to as uncircumcised, regardless of whether they are actually circumcised. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: The foreskin is repulsive, as is evident from the fact that the wicked are disgraced through it, as it is stated: “Behold, the days come, says the Lord, that I will punish all them that are circumcised in their uncircumcision: Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair polled, that dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, but all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart” (Jeremiah 9:25), which indicates that there is an element of disgrace associated with the foreskin. Rabbi Yishmael says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that thirteen covenants were sealed with regard to it, for the word covenant appears thirteen times in the biblical passage that discusses circumcision (Genesis, chapter 17). Rabbi Yosei says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that it overrides the strict halakhot of Shabbat, as circumcision is performed even if the eighth day following the birth of a son occurs on Shabbat, despite the fact that circumcision violates the prohibition of labor on Shabbat. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa says: Great is the mitzva of circumcision, as is evident from the fact that the punishment of Moses the righteous for not circumcising his son when he was capable of doing so was not postponed for even a full hour (see Exodus 4:24–26). Rabbi Neḥemya says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that it overrides the prohibitions associated with leprosy. If leprosy is found on the foreskin of an infant, although it is generally prohibited to cut the afflicted area, it is permitted to do so to perform the mitzva of circumcision. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: So great is the mitzva of circumcision that despite all the mitzvot that Abraham our Patriarch did, he was not called wholehearted until he circumcised himself, as it is stated at the time that the mitzva was given to him: “Walk before Me and you should be wholehearted” (Genesis 17:1). Alternatively, so great is the mitzva of circumcision that if not for it the Holy One, Blessed be He, would not have created His world, as it is stated: “Thus says the Lord: If My covenant be not with day and night, I would not have appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth” (Jeremiah 33:25), and the covenant that exists day and night is the covenant of circumcision, as it is always found on the person’s body."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The difference between one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow [hamuddar hana’a meḥaveiro] and one for whom benefit from his food is forbidden by vow concerns only setting foot on the other person’s property and borrowing from that person utensils that one does not use in preparation of food but for other purposes. Those two benefits are forbidden to the former but permitted to the latter. Therefore, with regard to one for whom benefit from another’s food is forbidden by vow, that person may not lend him utensils used in the preparation of food, e.g., a sieve, or a strainer, or a millstone, or an oven. However, he may lend him a garment, or a finger ring, or a cloak, or nose rings, as these are not used in the preparation of food. However, he may not lend them to one for whom benefit from him is forbidden by vow. And with regard to any item that one does not use in the preparation of food, in a place where one rents items of that kind, that item is forbidden. Meaning, one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow is prohibited from borrowing this type of item from the one who vowed and imposed the prohibition. This is because one can use the money saved by borrowing the item rather than renting it to purchase food.",
+ "With regard to one prohibited by vow from deriving benefit from another, if that other person chooses, he may contribute the half-shekel to the Temple on his behalf, and repay his debt, and return his lost item to him, and the one prohibited from benefiting is not considered to have benefited from him. In a place where one takes payment for returning a lost item, that benefit should fall into the category of consecrated Temple property.",
+ "The mishna proceeds to list other tasks that one may perform for someone who is prohibited by vow from benefiting from him. And he separates his teruma and his tithes, provided that it is with the knowledge and consent of the owner of the produce. And he sacrifices for him the bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons and turtledoves, of zavin (see Leviticus 15:13–15); the bird nests of zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30); the bird nests of women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8); sin-offerings; and guilt-offerings. And he teaches him midrash, halakhot, and aggadot, but he may not teach him Bible. However, he may teach his sons and daughters Bible. And with regard to one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may feed his wife and children, although the one who is bound by the vow is obligated in their support and benefits when another supports them. And he may not feed his animal, whether it is a kosher animal or whether it is a non-kosher animal. Rabbi Eliezer says: He may feed the non-kosher animal, and he may not feed the kosher animal. The Rabbis said to him: What is the difference between kosher and non-kosher animals in this respect? Rabbi Eliezer said to them: The kosher animal’s being belongs to Heaven, and the animal’s body is the property of its owner, as he can eat it. Therefore, the owner benefits directly when another feeds his animal. And a non-kosher animal, both its being and its body belong to Heaven, as it is prohibited for its owner to eat its meat. The Rabbis said to him: The non-kosher animal too, its being belongs to Heaven, and its body is the property of its owner, because if the owner chooses, he sells it to gentiles or feeds it to dogs.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow and he enters his house to visit him, he stands there but does not sit. And that other person heals him with a cure of the nefesh but not a cure of mamon. And with regard to another person who is prohibited from deriving benefit from him, one may bathe with him in a large bath [ambati], in which his presence does not affect the other person. However, he may not bathe with him in a small bath, as his presence moderates the temperature of water if it is too hot or too cold, thereby benefiting the other person. And he may sleep with him in one bed. Rabbi Yehuda says: That is permitted during the days of summer, but he may not sleep with him in one bed during the rainy season, i.e., the winter, because he benefits him by warming the bed. And he may recline with him on a divan even during the rainy season, as no benefit is involved. And he may eat with him at the same table, but not from a common platter from which several people eat, as if one leaves food on the platter, the other derives benefit from him. However, he may eat with him from a platter that returns to the host, as everyone takes a small portion and leaves food on the platter. No benefit is derived. Since there is enough food for everyone, none of the diners receives part of another’s portion. One may neither eat with him from the large vessel of food placed before the laborers, nor may he work with him in the same row in a vineyard; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: He may work in the same row with him provided that he is at a distance from him. If he is close, the other would derive forbidden benefit from him.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden, before, i.e., a year other than the Sabbatical Year, he may neither enter the field of that other person, nor eat from the produce that leans out of the field, even if he does not enter the field. And during the Sabbatical Year, when the produce of the trees is ownerless, he may not enter his field; however, he may eat from the growths that lean out of the field, as the produce does not belong to the other person. If one vowed before the Sabbatical Year that benefit from another’s food is forbidden for him, he may enter his field; however, he may not eat of the produce. And during the Sabbatical Year, he may enter the field and may eat the produce.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may neither lend an item to him nor borrow an item from him. Similarly, he may neither lend money to him nor borrow money from him. And he may neither sell an item to him nor purchase an item from him. One said to another: Lend me your cow. The other person said to him: My cow is not available. The one seeking to borrow the cow responded angrily: Plowing my field with this cow is konam forever. If it was his typical manner to plow the field himself, then it is prohibited for him to plow his field with that cow but it is permitted for every other person. If it is not his typical manner to plow the field himself, and he has others plow for him, it is prohibited for him and for every other person to plow his field with that cow, because his intent was to render benefit from plowing with this cow forbidden.",
+ "In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow and who does not have anything to eat, the one from whom benefit is forbidden goes to the shopkeeper and says to him: So-and-so vowed that benefit from me is forbidden for him and I do not know what I will do. After grasping his intent, the shopkeeper gives food to the one for whom benefit is forbidden, and then the shopkeeper comes and takes payment for the food from that one who spoke to him. Similarly, if the house of one for whom benefit is forbidden by a vow was to be built, his fence to be erected, or his field to be harvested, and laborers were required but he had no money to hire them, the one from whom benefit is forbidden goes to the laborers and says to them: Benefit from me is forbidden by vow to so-and-so and I do not know what I will do. And the laborers perform those tasks with him, and come and take payment for their labor from that person who approached them.",
+ "If the one who vowed to render benefit from him forbidden and the one for whom benefit is forbidden were traveling together along the road and the one for whom benefit is forbidden does not have anything to eat, the one who from whom benefit is forbidden gives food to one other person as a gift, and it is permitted for that person for whom benefit is forbidden to eat the food because it no longer belongs to the one from whom benefit is forbidden. If there is no other person with them, the one who vowed places the food on the nearest rock or on the nearest fence and says: These food items are hereby rendered ownerless and are available to anyone who wants them. Then that person for whom benefit is forbidden takes and eats the food. Rabbi Yosei prohibits doing so."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Partners who vowed not to derive benefit from one another are prohibited from entering into a courtyard that they jointly own, since each one has a portion in it and benefits from the share owned by the other, thereby leading to a violation of the vow. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: It is permitted for both to use the courtyard, as it can be said that since each has a portion in the courtyard; this one enters into his own portion and that one enters into his own portion. And all agree that they are both prohibited from setting up a mill or an oven in the jointly owned courtyard, or to raise chickens in it. If only one of the partners was prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from the other, he may not enter the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: He can say to the partner: I am entering into my own portion and I am not entering into your portion. And the court forces the one who took such a vow to sell his portion so that he does not cause the other to transgress.",
+ "If someone from the marketplace is prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from one of the partners, he may not enter a courtyard of the partners, since it belongs partly to the one from whom he may not benefit. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: He can say to him: I am entering into the portion of another resident of the courtyard and I am not entering your own portion since it does not belong entirely to you.",
+ "With regard to one prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from another and he has a bathhouse or an olive press in the city that is leased out and available for public use, if the one who took the vow has a right to profits from usage in the property, i.e., he retains some rights in the property and has not leased them out completely, it is forbidden for the one who took the vow to use it. If he has no right of usage in the property, it is permitted. With regard to one who says to another: Entering your house is konam for me, or: Purchasing your field is konam for me, then if he, i.e., the owner of the house or field, dies or sells the house to another, it is permitted for the one who took the vow to enter the house or purchase the field, as it is no longer in the possession of the prior owner. But if he said: Entering this house is konam for me, or: Purchasing this field is konam for me, then even if the owner dies or sells it to another, it is forbidden.",
+ "If someone says to another: I am hereby forbidden to you like an item dedicated to the Temple, then the one prohibited by the vow is prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the one who took the vow. If someone says: You are hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, then the one who took the vow is prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the other. If he says: I am hereby forbidden to you and you are hereby forbidden to me like an item dedicated to the Temple, both are prohibited from benefiting from the possessions of the other. But it is permitted for both of them to benefit from the objects belonging to those who ascended from Babylonia, i.e., common property of the nation as a whole, which is not considered to be the property of any individual. But it is prohibited for them to benefit from objects of that city, which are considered to be jointly owned by all its residents. ",
+ "And what are examples of objects belonging to those who ascended from Babylonia? For example, the Temple Mount, and the Temple Courtyards, and the water cistern in the middle of the road. And what are objects of that city? For example, the city square, and the bathhouse, and the synagogue, and the ark which houses the Torah scrolls, and the Torah scrolls. And one who writes, i.e., signs, his portion of the shared objects of that city over to the Nasi. Rabbi Yehuda says: This is the halakha with regard to both one who writes his portion over to the Nasi and one who writes it over to a common person. Rabbi Yehuda adds: What is the difference between one who writes it over to the Nasi and one who writes it over to a common person? That one who writes it to the Nasi need not formally confer possession of the item, whereas one who writes it over to a common person must confer possession to him. And the Rabbis say: Both this one and that one must confer possession, and they specifically mentioned the Nasi only so as to speak in the present, addressing situations that were prevalent. Rabbi Yehuda says: The people of Galilee do not have to write their portion over to the Nasi because their fathers already wrote it for them, declaring that all the public property belongs to him.",
+ "With regard to one who is prohibited by a vow from deriving benefit from another and he does not have anything to eat, the other may give the food to someone else as a gift and he is then permitted to eat it. The mishna recounts: An incident occurred involving someone in the city of Beit Ḥoron whose father had vowed not to derive benefit from him, and the son was marrying off his own son and wanted his father to be able to participate in the wedding meal. And he therefore said to another: The courtyard where the wedding will take place and the wedding meal are given before you as a gift, but only so that my father will come and eat with us at the meal. The recipient said: If they are mine, they are all hereby consecrated to Heaven, i.e., the Temple, and are forbidden to everyone. The son said to him in anger: And did I give you my property so that you should consecrate it to Heaven? He, the recipient, said to him: You gave me your property only so that you and your father would eat and drink and thereby appease each other, and the sin of transgressing the vow would be hung on his, i.e., my, head, as I enabled the transgression. The Sages therefore said: Any gift that is not so absolute so that if the recipient were to consecrate the gift it would be consecrated, is not a gift. In other words, in order for it to be a gift, the recipient must have the ability to consecrate it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of one who vows that cooked foods are forbidden to him, he is permitted to eat roasted and boiled foods, as they are not defined as cooked. If one said: Cooked food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting a loose cooked food but is permitted to taste a thick one, which people do not generally refer to as a cooked food. And he is likewise permitted to eat a turemuta egg and the remutza gourd, as they are not considered cooked foods either. ",
+ "In the case of one who vows that food cooked in a dish is forbidden to him, he is prohibited from deriving benefit only from food that is cooked by boiling it in a dish. However, if one said: That which enters into a dish is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting anything cooked in a dish. ",
+ "One who vows that pickled food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only pickled vegetables, as that is what people usually mean when referring to pickled food. However, if he says: Pickled food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from tasting all pickled foods. Similarly, one who vows that boiled food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only boiled meat, as that is the common meaning of the expression boiled food. On the other hand, if he says: Boiled food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all boiled foods. One who vows that roasted food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only roasted meat; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. However, if one says: Roasted food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all roasted foods. One who vows that salted food is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating only salted fish, as that is the common meaning of the expression salted food. If, on the other hand, he says: Salted food is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, he is prohibited from eating all salted foods. ",
+ "If one says: Fish or fishes are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating all of them, whether large fish or small, whether salted or unsalted, whether raw or cooked. But he is permitted to taste minced sardines and to taste fish brine, as these are not included in the common meaning of the word fish. One who vows that tzaḥana, a concoction of whole and chopped fish, is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating minced sardines as well, but he is permitted to eat fish brine and fish gravy [morays]. One who vows that minced sardines are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating fish brine and from eating fish gravy. ",
+ "One who vows that milk is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of whey [kum], the liquid that separates from milk when it is made into cheese. But Rabbi Yosei prohibits him from partaking of whey. If one vows that whey is forbidden to him, he is permitted to partake of milk. Abba Shaul says: One who vows that cheese is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating it whether it is salted or unsalted. ",
+ "One who vows that meat is forbidden to him is permitted to eat gravy and sediments of boiled meat [kifa]. But Rabbi Yehuda maintains that he is prohibited from eating them. Rabbi Yehuda said: There was an incident where one took such a vow and Rabbi Tarfon prohibited us from even eggs that were cooked with meat. The Rabbis said to him: Indeed so, but when is this the halakha? When he says: This meat is forbidden to me, referring to a specific piece of meat. This is because in the case of one who vows that an item is forbidden to him, and it becomes mixed into another item, if the latter contains an amount of the forbidden food that gives it flavor, i.e., the forbidden food can be tasted in the permitted food, the mixture is forbidden. However, if one vows that meat in general is forbidden to him, without specifying a particular piece, only the meat itself is forbidden, not the gravy, sediments, or eggs cooked with that meat. ",
+ "Likewise, one who vows that wine is forbidden to him is permitted to eat a cooked dish that has the flavor of wine. However, if he said: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it, and the wine fell into a cooked dish, if the dish contains an amount of the wine that gives it flavor, it is forbidden. One who vows that grapes are forbidden to him is permitted to partake of wine. One who vows that olives are forbidden to him is permitted to partake of oil. However, if one said: Olives and grapes are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste these items, he is prohibited from tasting them and the wine and oil that emerge from them. ",
+ "One who vows that dates are forbidden to him is permitted to eat date honey. One who vows that late grapes are forbidden to him is permitted to eat vinegar of late grapes. Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: In the case of any food that the name of its derivative is called after its name, i.e., the liquid that emerges from it bears its name, e.g., date honey or vinegar of late grapes, and one vows that the item itself, e.g., the grape, is forbidden to him, he is also prohibited from consuming the liquid that emerges from it. But the Rabbis permit this. ",
+ "One who vows that wine is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of apple wine, i.e., cider, as the unspecified term wine refers only to grape wine. One who vows that oil is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of sesame oil, as the unspecified term oil refers only to olive oil. One who vows that honey is forbidden to him is permitted to eat date honey, as the unspecified term honey refers only to bee honey. One who vows that vinegar is forbidden to him is permitted to partake of vinegar of late grapes, as vinegar is typically made from wine. One who vows that leeks are forbidden to him is permitted to eat kaflutot, a type of leek. One who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him is permitted to eat wild field vegetables, as this type of vegetable has a modifier and is not referred to by the unspecified term vegetable. ",
+ "One who vows that cabbage is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating ispargus, as that is a type of cabbage. However, one who vows that ispargus is forbidden to him is permitted to eat cabbage. One who vows that pounded beans are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating pounded bean stew [mikpa]. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat it.One who vows that pounded beans are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating pounded bean stew. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat it. One who vows that pounded bean stew is forbidden to him is permitted to eat pounded beans according to all opinions. One who vows that stew is forbidden to him is prohibited from eating the garlic of the stew. However, Rabbi Yosei rules that he is permitted to eat the garlic. One who vows that garlic is forbidden to him is permitted to eat stew. One who vows that lentils are forbidden to him is prohibited from eating ashishim, a dish made from lentils. However, Rabbi Yosei permits it. It is agreed by all opinions that one who vows that ashishim is forbidden to him is permitted to eat lentils. If one says: Ḥitta, wheat in singular form, or ḥittim, wheat in plural form, are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating wheat, whether as flour or bread. If one says: Pounded bean or pounded beans are konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is prohibited from eating them, whether raw or cooked. Rabbi Yehuda says that if one says: Pounded bean or ḥitta is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste them, he is permitted to chew them raw, as that is not the normal way to eat them, and therefore was not included in the intention of the vow."
+ ],
+ [
+ "For one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is permitted for him to eat gourds, as people typically do not include gourds in the category of vegetables; and Rabbi Akiva prohibits him from eating gourds. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Akiva: But doesn’t a person say to his agent: Purchase vegetables for me, and the agent, after failing to find vegetables, returns with gourds and says: I found only gourds? This indicates that gourds are not considered vegetables. Rabbi Akiva said to them: The matter is so, and that proves my opinion; or perhaps, does the agent return and say: I found only legumes? Rather, it is apparent that gourds are included in the category of vegetables, although they differ from other vegetables, and therefore, the agent purchases gourds and explains that he found only gourds. And legumes are not included in the category of vegetables, and that is why the agent dispatched to purchase vegetables would not purchase legumes at all. And for one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the fresh cowpea, which is considered a vegetable, and it is permitted to eat dry cowpea, which is not a vegetable.",
+ "For one who vows that grain [dagan] is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the dry cowpea, because, like grain, its final stage of production involves being placed in a pile; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: It is prohibited for him to partake of only the five species of grain: Wheat, barley, oats, spelt, and rye, as that is the connotation of the term dagan in the Torah. Rabbi Meir says: For one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [tevua], it is prohibited for him to eat from only the five species of grain. However, for one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [dagan], it is prohibited to eat all produce whose final stage of production involves being placed in a pile, e.g., dry cowpea, and it is permitted for him to eat fruits of the tree and vegetables.",
+ "For one who vows that a garment is forbidden to him, it is permitted to wear sackcloth, and to wear a sheet, and to wear a coarse curtain [ḥamila], as these are not in the category of garments. For one who said: Wool is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool fleece, which is not considered a garment, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a woolen fabric. For one who said: Flax is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with uncombed flax in bundles, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a flaxen fabric. Rabbi Yehuda says: Everything is determined according to the one who vows. If one was bearing a burden of wool and linen, and was sweating, and its smell was unpleasant for him, and in reaction, he said: Wool and linen are konam for me and I will therefore not place them upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool and linen garments, but it is prohibited for him to sling them over his shoulder behind him as a burden. The circumstances of his vow make it clear that he intends to forswear carrying wool and linen as a burden rather than the wearing of them as a garment.",
+ "For one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, entry is permitted for him in the upper story of the house; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: An upper story is included in the house, and therefore, entry is prohibited there as well. However, for one who vows that an upper story is forbidden to him, entry is permitted in the house, as the ground floor is not included in the upper story.",
+ "For one who vows that a bed is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a dargash, which is not commonly called a bed; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: A dargash is included in the category of a bed. Everyone agrees that for one who vows that a dargash is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a bed. For one who vows that the city is forbidden to him, it is permitted to enter the Shabbat boundary of that city, the two-thousand-cubit area surrounding the city, and it is prohibited to enter its outskirts, the seventy-cubit area adjacent to the city. However, for one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to enter only from the doorstop and inward.",
+ "For one who says: This produce is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to partake of the produce, or of its replacements, or of anything that grows from it. If he says: This produce is konam for me, and for that reason I will not eat it, or for that reason I will not taste it, it is permitted for him to partake of its replacements or of anything that grows from it. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, e.g., bulbs, which flower and enter into a foliage period and repeat the process, it is prohibited for him to partake even of the growths of its growths, as the original, prohibited item remains intact.",
+ "For one who says to his wife: Your handicraft is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to benefit from her handicraft, and from their replacements and anything that grows from them. However, if he said to his wife: Your handicraft is konam for me only in the sense that I will not eat from your handicraft, or that I will not taste from your handicraft, it is permitted for him to benefit from their replacements and anything that grows from them. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, it is prohibited for him to benefit even from the growths of their growths.",
+ "If the husband said: From that which you prepare, I will not eat until Passover, or, with that which you prepare, I will not cover myself until Passover, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is permitted for him to eat or to cover himself with them after Passover. If, however, he said: From that which you prepare until Passover, I will not eat, or from that which you prepare until Passover, I will not cover myself, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is prohibited for him to eat or cover himself with it after Passover. ",
+ "If he said to her: Benefit from me until Passover if you go to your father’s house from now until the festival of Sukkot is forbidden for you, and she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until Passover. If she derived benefit from him before Passover and went to visit her father after Passover, she is liable for violating the prohibition of: He shall not profane his word (Numbers 30:3), as the condition was fulfilled and she violated the vow retroactively. If the husband vowed: Benefit from me is konam for you until the Festival if you go to your father’s house from now until Passover, then if she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until the Festival, and it is permitted for her to go to her father’s house after Passover, as that time period is not included in his stipulation."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If one vows: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day at nightfall, and not for a twenty-four hour period. If one vows not to drink wine this week, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week. And as Shabbat is considered part of the week that passed, i.e., it is the end of the week, he is prohibited from drinking wine on the upcoming Shabbat. If one vows not to drink wine this month, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month; and as the New Moon of the following month is considered part of the next month, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine this year, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the year; and as Rosh HaShana is considered to be part of the upcoming year, not the current one, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine during this seven-year Sabbatical cycle, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the seven-year cycle; and as the Sabbatical Year is considered part of the cycle that passed, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the upcoming Sabbatical Year. All this applies if he said that he would not drink wine on this day or this week, but if he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, or one week, or one month, or one year, or one seven-year cycle, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day and time he took the vow to the same time the next day, or week, etc.",
+ "If he takes a vow that wine is forbidden to him until Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. If he said: Until it will be Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover ends, as he may have intended for the vow to apply as long as it was still Passover (Rosh). If he said: Until before Passover, Rabbi Meir says: It is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. Rabbi Yosei says: It is forbidden to him until it ends.",
+ "If one takes a vow that something is forbidden to him until the grain harvest, or until the grape harvest, or until the olive harvest, it is forbidden to him only until the arrival of that season. This is the principle: With regard to any occasion whose time is fixed, and one said: Until it arrives, it is forbidden to him until the specified occasion arrives. If he said: Until it will be, it is forbidden to him until the specified occasion ends. And with regard to any occasion whose time is not fixed, i.e., it does not fall on a precise date, whether he said: Until it will be, or: Until it arrives, it is forbidden to him only until the specified occasion arrives.",
+ "If he said: Until the summer [kayitz], or: Until it will be summer, the vow remains in effect until the people begin to bring fruit into their houses in baskets. If he said: Until the summer has passed, the vow remains in effect until the people set aside [yakpilu] the knives [hamaktzuot] with which the figs are cut after being harvested, and return them to their place of storage. If one takes a vow until the harvest, the vow remains in effect until people begin to harvest. This is referring to the wheat harvest but not the barley harvest. As for the exact date of this event, all is determined according to the place where he took his vow. If he was on a mountain, it is assumed that he referred to the time of the harvest on the mountain, and if he was in a valley, it is assumed that he meant the time of the harvest in the valley.",
+ "If one takes a vow until the rains, or until there are rains, the vow remains in effect until the second rain of the rainy season falls. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Until the time of the second rainfall arrives, even if rain does not fall. If one takes a vow until the rains end, the vow remains in effect until the entire month of Nisan has ended; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: Until Passover has passed. In the case of one who said: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it for the entire year, if the year was extended, i.e., it was declared to be a leap year, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the year and its intercalated month. If he vowed until the beginning of the month of Adar, the vow remains in effect until the beginning of the first Adar. Similarly, if he says that his vow applies until the end of Adar, the vow remains in effect until the end of the first Adar. Rabbi Yehuda says: In the case of one who says: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be Passover, it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the night of Passover, i.e., until the time when it is customary for people to drink wine in order to fulfill the mitzva of drinking the four cups, but he did not intend to prevent himself from being able to fulfill this mitzva.",
+ "Similarly, if he said: Meat is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be the fast of Yom Kippur, he is prohibited from eating meat only until the eve of [leilei] the fast. This is because it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the time when it is customary for people to eat meat in the festive meal before the fast, and he did not intend to prevent himself from being able to participate in that meal. Rabbi Yosei, his son, says: One who vows: Garlic is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it until it will be Shabbat, it is prohibited for him to eat garlic only until the eve of Shabbat, as it is understood that this individual intended for his vow to apply only until the time when it is customary for people to eat garlic.",
+ "In the case of one who says to another: Benefiting from you is konam for me, i.e., I am prohibited from deriving benefit from you, if you do not come and take for your son one kor of wheat and two barrels of wine as a gift, this other individual can dissolve his vow without the consent of a halakhic authority. This is because he can say to him: Did you say your vow for any reason other than due to my honor, in order to convince me to accept a gift for my son? This is my honor, that I refrain from accepting the gift, and consequently the vow is annulled. And, so too, in the case of one who says to another: Benefiting from me is konam for you, i.e., you are prohibited from deriving benefit from me, if you do not come and give my son one kor of wheat and two barrels of wine, Rabbi Meir says: It is prohibited for the other individual to benefit from the speaker until he gives the gifts to his son. However, the Rabbis say: Even this individual who took the vow can dissolve his own vow without the consent of a halakhic authority. This is because he can say to him: I hereby consider it as though I have received the gift. If an individual was urging another to marry the daughter of his sister, and in order to deflect the pressure, the other man said: Benefiting from me is konam for her forever, i.e., she is prohibited from deriving any benefit from me forever, and, so too, if there is one who divorces his wife and says: Benefiting from me is konam for my wife forever, these women are permitted to derive benefit from him, as this man intended to take this vow only for the purpose of prohibiting marriage between them, but not to prohibit all forms of benefit. Similarly, if one was urging another to eat with him, and the latter said: Entering your house is konam for me, as is tasting even a drop of cold liquid of yours, the individual who took the vow is nevertheless permitted to enter his house and to drink a cold beverage of his. This is because this individual intended to take this vow only for the purpose of eating and drinking a meal, but not to prohibit himself from entering the house entirely or from drinking in small quantities (Commentary on Nedarim). "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: When halakhic authorities are approached with regard to the dissolution of a vow, they may broach dissolution with a person who took a vow by raising the issue of how taking the vow ultimately degraded the honor of his father and mother, asking him the following: Had you known that your parents would experience public shame due to your lax attitude toward your vow, would you still have taken the vow? But the Rabbis disagree with Rabbi Eliezer and prohibit broaching dissolution of a vow with this particular question. To support the opinion of the Rabbis, Rabbi Tzadok said: Instead of broaching dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of his father and mother, let them broach dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of the Omnipresent. They should point out that a vow taken in the name of God lessens the honor of God, so they could ask him: If you had known that your vow would diminish the honor of God, would you have taken your vow? And if so, if this is a valid method of broaching dissolution, there are no vows. Nevertheless, the Rabbis concede to Rabbi Eliezer with regard to a vow concerning a matter that is between him and his father and mother, that they may broach dissolution with him by raising the issue of the honor of his father and mother, as in this case the extenuation is connected to this particular vow.",
+ "And Rabbi Eliezer further said: They may broach dissolution by asking about a new situation, but the Rabbis prohibit it. How might they broach dissolution by asking about a new situation? If one said: It is forbidden to me like an offering [konam] that I will therefore not derive benefit from so-and-so, and that person later became a scribe [sofer], and the one who took the vow now requires his services, or if the one forbidden by the vow was marrying off his son and prepared a feast for all the residents of his town, and the one that had taken the vow said: Had I known that he would become a scribe, or that he would be marrying off his son in the near future, I would not have vowed. The mishna cites another example of a new situation. If one said: Entering this house is konam for me, and that house became a synagogue, and he said: Had I known that it would become a synagogue, I would not have vowed, in this and all such cases Rabbi Eliezer permits the halakhic authority to use this as a basis for the dissolution of the vow, and the Rabbis prohibit it.",
+ "As a continuation of the opinion of the Rabbis in the previous mishna that they may not broach dissolution of a vow based on a new situation, Rabbi Meir says: There are matters that are, at first glance, like a new situation but are not in fact like a new situation, and the Rabbis do not concede to him. How so? For example, one said: Marrying so-and-so is konam for me, as her father is evil, and they told him that her father died, or that he repented. Or he said: Entering this house is konam for me, as there is a bad dog inside it, or a snake inside it, and they told him that the dog died, or that the snake was killed. This is at first glance perceived like a new situation, and yet it is not in fact like a new situation, and this claim may be used to broach dissolution. But the Rabbis do not concede to him.",
+ "And Rabbi Meir further said: The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution with him from that which is written in the Torah, and they may say to him: Had you known that through your vow you are transgressing the prohibition “you shall not take vengeance” (Leviticus 19:18) and the prohibition “nor bear any grudge” (Leviticus 19:18), and the prohibition “you shall not hate your brother in your heart” (Leviticus 19:17), and “you shall love your neighbor as yourself” (Leviticus 19:18), as well as “and your brother should live with you” (Leviticus 25:36), as he, the one prohibited by the vow, is poor and now you are not able to provide him with a livelihood due to your vow, would you have vowed in that case? If he said in reply: Had I known that it is so, that my vow involved all these prohibitions, I would not have vowed; it is dissolved.",
+ "The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution with a man by raising the issue of his wife’s marriage contract. If one takes a vow that would require him to divorce his wife, e.g., he prohibits her from deriving benefit from him, his vow may be dissolved by asking him whether he had considered how difficult it would be to pay her marriage contract. The mishna relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against his wife deriving benefit from him, and her marriage contract was worth four hundred dinars. And he came before Rabbi Akiva, and he obligated him to give her the payment of her marriage contract. He said to Rabbi Akiva: My teacher, my father left eight hundred dinars as our inheritance, of which my brother took four hundred and I took four hundred. Isn’t it enough for my wife to take two hundred and I will have two hundred? Rabbi Akiva said to him: Your claim is not accepted, as even if you sell the hair on your head, you must give her the full payment of her marriage contract. He said to him: Had I known that it was so, that I would have to give her all my property, I would not have vowed. And Rabbi Akiva permitted her to derive benefit from him.",
+ "If one vowed that certain food or drink or all food and drink be forbidden to him, the halakhic authorities may broach dissolution by raising the issue of Festivals and Shabbatot. They ask him whether he realized at the time he stated his vow that he would have to uphold it on these festive days as well. At first they said that on those days that he did not intend to include in his vow, that item is permitted, but on all the rest of the days, food and drink are still forbidden by his vow, until Rabbi Akiva came and taught that a vow that is partially dissolved is dissolved entirely.",
+ "How so? In the case of one who said to a group of people: I will not benefit from all of you as it is konam for me, if benefit from one of them was permitted for whatever reason, benefit from all of them is permitted. However, if one said: I will not benefit from this one and from that one as it is konam for me, then if benefit from the first one was permitted for whatever reason, benefit from all of them is permitted. But if benefit from the last one was permitted, benefit from the last one alone is permitted, but benefit from all the others is forbidden, as the benefit from each is considered to have been prohibited by a separate vow. If benefit from the middle one was permitted, then from him and below, i.e., all those enumerated after him, benefit is permitted; from him and above, i.e., those listed before him, benefit is forbidden. The mishna gives another example of interconnected vows: If one stated: I will not benefit from this one, as if he were an offering, and from that one, as if he were an offering, then an extenuation enabling the dissolution of a vow is required for each and every one, as they have the status of separate vows.",
+ "The mishna gives another example of a vow that was partially dissolved. If one stated in a vow: Wine is konam for me and I will not taste it, as wine is bad for the intestines, and they said to him: But aged wine is good for the intestines, then the vow is dissolved with regard to aged wine. And not only with regard to aged wine is it dissolved, but with regard to all types of wine, since a vow that has been partially dissolved is entirely dissolved. Likewise, if one stated in a vow: Onions are konam for me and I will not taste them, as onions are bad for the heart, and they said to him: But the kuferi onion is good for the heart, then, in this case too, it is dissolved with regard to kuferi onions, and not only with regard to kuferi onions is it dissolved, but with regard to all types of onions. The mishna relates that an incident of this kind occurred, and Rabbi Meir dissolved the vow with regard to all types of onions.",
+ "The halakhic authorities may broach dissolution for a person by raising the issue of his own honor and the honor of his children. For example, if he took a vow that resulted in his needing to divorce his wife, they may say to him: Had you known that tomorrow people will say about you: This is the habit [veset] of so-and-so, that he divorces his wives due to vows, and they will say about your daughters: They are daughters of divorce, or they will ask: What did their mother see to divorce, thereby giving them a bad reputation. And if the man who vowed said: Had I known it was so, I would not have vowed, it is dissolved.",
+ "The mishna continues: If a man said: Marrying ugly so-and-so is konam for me, and she is in fact beautiful, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her black, and she is in fact white, or if, in vowing not to marry her, he called her short, and she is in fact tall, he is permitted to her. Not because she was ugly and became beautiful, black and became white, or short and became tall, but rather, because the vow was mistaken from the outset. The Gemara relates: And an incident occurred with regard to one who vowed against deriving benefit from the daughter of his sister, as he did not wish to marry her. And they brought her into the house of Rabbi Yishmael and he beautified her. When she was later brought before the one who took the vow, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: My son, did you vow that you would not derive benefit from this woman? He said to him: No, and Rabbi Yishmael permitted her to him, as he demonstrated that the vow had been made in error. At that time Rabbi Yishmael wept and said: The daughters of Israel are beautiful, but poverty makes them ugly. And when Rabbi Yishmael died, the daughters of Israel raised a lamentation, saying: Daughters of Israel, weep for Rabbi Yishmael. And it likewise states about Saul, who also concerned himself with the welfare of the daughters of Israel: “Daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet with other delights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel” (II Samuel 1:24)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband together nullify her vows. If the father nullified her vow and the husband did not nullify it, or if the husband nullified it and the father did not nullify it, then the vow is not nullified. And needless to say, it is not nullified if one of them ratified the vow.",
+ "If the father of a betrothed young woman dies, his authority does not revert to the husband, and the husband cannot nullify the young woman’s vows by himself. However, if the husband dies, his authority reverts to the father, who can now nullify her vows on his own. In this matter, the power of the father is enhanced relative to the power of the husband. In another matter, the power of the husband is enhanced relative to the power of the father, as the husband nullifies vows during the woman’s adulthood, once they are fully married, whereas the father does not nullify her vows during her adulthood.",
+ "If she took a vow as a betrothed woman and then was divorced on the same day, and she was again betrothed on the same day to another man, or even to one hundred men, one after the other, on a single day, her father and her last husband nullify her vows. This is the principle: With regard to any young woman who has not left her father’s jurisdiction and entered into her own jurisdiction for at least one moment, through full marriage or reaching majority, her father and her final husband nullify her vows.",
+ "The practice of Torah scholars is to ensure that a woman about to be married should not be encumbered by any vows. A father, before his daughter would leave him through marriage, would say to her: All vows that you vowed in my house are hereby nullified. And similarly, the husband, before she would enter his jurisdiction, i.e., while they were still betrothed, would say to her: All vows that you vowed before you entered my jurisdiction are hereby nullified. This was necessary because once she enters his jurisdiction he cannot nullify the vows she made before that.",
+ "With regard to a grown woman who waited twelve months after her betrothal and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, or a widow who waited thirty days and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, Rabbi Eliezer says: Since her husband is already obligated to provide for her sustenance, as he is obligated to have married her by then, he can nullify her vows by himself, as if he were fully married to her. But the Rabbis say: The husband does not nullify her vows on his own until she enters his jurisdiction.",
+ "With regard to a widow waiting for her yavam to perform levirate marriage, whether she is waiting for one yavam, if her late husband had only one brother, or whether she is waiting for two or more yevamin, if he had several brothers, Rabbi Eliezer says: A yavam can nullify her vows. Rabbi Yehoshua says: If she is waiting for one yavam, he can nullify her vows, but not if she is waiting for two. Rabbi Akiva says: A yavam cannot nullify her vows, regardless of whether she is waiting for one yavam or for two or more. The mishna then elaborates: Rabbi Eliezer said: Just as with regard to a woman he acquired for himself through betrothal, he nullifies her vows, so too with regard to a woman acquired for him from Heaven, i.e., the yevama, isn’t it logical that he should be able to nullify her vows? Rabbi Akiva said to him: No, if you say that a husband can nullify the vows of a woman he acquired for himself, over whom others have no authority, shall you also say that this is the case with regard to a woman acquired for him from Heaven, over whom others have authority? If there are two yevamin, each yavam has equal authority with regard to her vows. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Akiva, your statement applies in a situation with two yevamin, but how do you reply to Rabbi Eliezer in the case of one yavam? Rabbi Akiva said to him: A yevama is not the full-fledged wife of the yavam in the in the way that a betrothed woman is her husband’s full-fledged wife, and the yavam is not empowered to nullify vows at all.",
+ "One who says to his wife: All vows that you will vow from now until I arrive from such and such a place are hereby ratified, has not said anything, i.e., the vows are not ratified. However, if he states that all vows that she will take until then are hereby nullified, Rabbi Eliezer said: They are nullified, while the Rabbis say: They are not nullified. Rabbi Eliezer said in explanation: If one can nullify vows that have reached the status of a prohibition, i.e., that have already taken effect, shall he not be able to nullify vows that have not reached the status of a prohibition? The Rabbis said to him in response: The verse states: “Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may ratify it, or her husband may nullify it” (Numbers 30:14). This teaches: That which has reached the status of eligibility for ratification, i.e., a vow that she has already taken, has reached the status of eligibility for nullification. However, a vow that has not reached the status of eligibility for ratification has not reached the status of eligibility for nullification either, and it cannot be nullified.",
+ "The nullification of vows can be performed all day on the day on which the vow was heard. There is in this matter both a leniency, extending the nullification period, and a stricture, curtailing that period. How so? If a woman took a vow on Shabbat evening, her father or husband can nullify the vow on Shabbat evening, and on Shabbat day until dark. This is an example of extending the nullification period. However, if she took a vow with nightfall approaching, her father or husband can nullify the vow only until nightfall, since, if it became dark and he had not yet nullified her vow, he cannot nullify it anymore. This is an example of a curtailed nullification period."
+ ],
+ [
+ "And these are the vows that he, the husband or father, can nullify: The first category consists of matters that involve affliction for the woman who took the vow. For example, if a woman vowed: If I bathe, or: If I do not bathe; if she vowed: If I adorn myself [etkashet], or: If I do not adorn myself. Rabbi Yosei said: These are not vows of affliction. ",
+ "Rather, these are vows of affliction: For example, if she said: The produce of the entire world is konam for me as if it were an offering, he can nullify the vow, as it certainly involves affliction. If, however, she said: The produce of this country is konam for me, he cannot nullify the vow, as it does not involve affliction, since he may still bring her produce from another country. Similarly, if she said: The produce of this storekeeper is konam for me, he cannot nullify her vow, as he may still bring her produce from another storekeeper. But if he can obtain his sustenance only from him, that particular storekeeper, he can nullify the vow. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei.",
+ "If a woman vowed: The property of other people is konam for me, and for that reason I will not benefit from it, her husband cannot nullify her vow, but nevertheless, if she is poor, she may benefit from the agricultural gifts that must be left for the poor: Gleanings, i.e., isolated stalks that fell during the harvest; forgotten sheaves; and produce of the corners [pe’a] of the field that the owner is obligated to leave for the poor. Enjoyment of these gifts is not considered as benefit derived from people, as these gifts are not given voluntarily out of the kindness of the donors, but in the performance of a mitzva. If one said: I will not let priests and Levites benefit from me, as that is konam for me, they can take the priestly and Levitical gifts from him against his will. If, however, he said: I will not let these specific priests and these specific Levites benefit from me, as that is konam for me, they are taken by others.",
+ "If a woman said: I will not produce anything for my father, as that is konam for me, or: For your father, or: For my brother, or: For your brother, her husband cannot nullify such vows, as they do not fall under the category of vows that adversely affect the relationship between him and her. By contrast, if she said: I will not produce anything for you, including the work that she is obligated to do for him according to the terms of her marriage contract, as that is konam for me, her husband need not nullify the vow at all. It is automatically void, since she is obligated to perform those tasks. Rabbi Akiva says: He should nevertheless nullify the vow, as perhaps she will exceed the required amount of work and do more for him than is fitting for him to receive. If she does more than the fixed amount of work that a woman is obligated to perform for her husband, the vow will be valid with respect to the excess to which he is not entitled, and he might inadvertently come to benefit from something that is forbidden to him. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri also says that he should nullify the vow, but for a different reason: Perhaps he will one day divorce her, at which point the vow will take effect and she will then be forbidden to him forever, i.e., he will be unable to remarry her, lest he come to benefit from her labor.",
+ "If a man’s wife took a vow and he thought that it was his daughter who had taken a vow, or if his daughter took a vow and he thought that it was his wife who had taken a vow, or if his wife vowed to be a nazirite and he thought that she had vowed to bring an offering, or if she vowed to bring an offering and he thought that she had vowed to be a nazirite, or if she took a vow that figs are forbidden to her and he thought that she had taken a vow that grapes are forbidden to her, or if she took a vow that grapes are forbidden to her and he thought that she had taken a vow that figs are forbidden to her, and he nullified any of these vows, in each case, when he realizes his error with regard to the vow, he must repeat the action and nullify the vow a second time.",
+ "If a woman said: Tasting these figs and grapes is konam for me, and her husband upheld her vow with regard to figs, the entire vow is upheld, but if he nullified it with regard to figs it is not nullified until he also nullifies the vow with regard to grapes. If she said: Tasting a fig and tasting a grape are konam for me, these are viewed as two separate vows; if the husband upholds one of the vows it has no effect on the other one.",
+ "If a man’s wife or daughter took a vow and he failed to nullify the vow on the day he heard it, but afterward he said: I know that there are vows, but I don’t know that there are those who can nullify them, i.e., he was unaware of the possibility of nullifying vows, he can nullify the vow of his wife or his daughter on the day he learned that he can nullify vows. If, however, he said: I know there are those who can nullify vows, but I refrained from nullifying the vow that I heard because I do not know that this is considered a vow, Rabbi Meir says he cannot nullify the vow at this point, but the Rabbis say that even in this case he can nullify the vow on the day that he learned of his mistake.",
+ "With regard to one who vows that benefit from him is forbidden to his son-in-law, but he nevertheless wishes to give his daughter, i.e., the wife of that same son-in-law, money, then, though he cannot do so directly, as anything acquired by a woman belongs to her husband, he should say to her: This money is hereby given to you as a gift, provided that your husband has no rights to it, but the gift includes only that which you pick up and place in your mouth.",
+ "The Torah states: “But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, with which she has bound her soul, shall stand against her” (Numbers 30:10). How so? If a widow or divorced woman said: I am hereby a nazirite after thirty days, then even if she was married within thirty days, her new husband cannot nullify her vow. If she took a vow while she was under the jurisdiction of her husband, he can nullify the vow for her. How so? If she said when she was still married: I am hereby a nazirite for after thirty days, and her husband nullified the vow, then even if she was widowed or divorced within the thirty-day period, the vow is nullified. If she took a vow on that, i.e., one, day and was divorced on that same day, then even if her husband took her back as his wife on that same day, he cannot nullify her previous vows. This is the principle: Once she has left and gone into her own jurisdiction for even a single hour, then after they are remarried her husband can no longer nullify any vow she uttered during their first marriage.",
+ "There are nine young women whose vows are upheld and cannot be nullified: If she took a vow when she was a grown woman and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and has reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not yet reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not reached her majority, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and her father died, and after her father died she reached her majority; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father is still alive; and if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father is still alive. Rabbi Yehuda says: With regard to even one who married off his minor daughter, and she was widowed or divorced and she returned to him, and according to her age she still is in the category of a young woman, her vows cannot be nullified.",
+ "If a woman said to her husband: Deriving benefit from my father or from your father is konam for me if I will prepare anything for you; or if she said: Deriving benefit from you is konam for me if I will prepare anything for my father or for your father, the husband can nullify this vow.",
+ "Initially the Sages would say that three women are divorced even against their husbands’ will, and nevertheless they receive payment of what is due to them according to their marriage contract. The first is the wife of a priest who says to her husband: I am defiled to you, i.e., she claims that she had been raped, so that she is now forbidden to her husband. The second is a woman who says to her husband: Heaven is between me and you, i.e., she declares that he is impotent, a claim she cannot prove, as the truth of it is known only to God. And the third is a woman who takes a vow, stating: I am removed from the Jews, i.e., benefit from sexual intercourse with any Jew, including my husband, is forbidden to me. They subsequently retracted their words and said that in order that a married woman should not cast her eyes on another man and to that end ruin her relationship with her husband and still receive payment of her marriage contract, these halakhot were modified as follows: A priest’s wife who says to her husband: I am defiled to you, must bring proof for her words that she was raped. As for a woman who says: Heaven is between me and you, the court must act and deal with the matter by way of a request, rather than force the husband to divorce his wife. And with regard to a woman who says: I am removed from the Jews, her husband must nullify his part, i.e., the aspect of the vow that concerns him, so that she should be permitted to him, and she may engage in sexual intercourse with him, but she is removed from all other Jews, so that if he divorces her she is forbidden to all."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2402bd65e8bbbfb6746b3b99d67233562ae8a174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל כִּנּוּיֵי נְדָרִים כִּנְדָרִים, \nוַחֲרָמִים כַּחֲרָמִים, \nוּשְׁבוּעוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת, \nוּנְזִירוּת כִּנְזִירוּת. \nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"מֻדָּר אֲנִי מִמָּךְ\", \n\"מֻפְרָשׁ אֲנִי מִמָּךְ\", \n\"מֻרְחָק אֲנִי מִמָּךְ\", \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ\", <שני>\n\"שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ\", <שני>\nאָסוּר. \n\"מְנֻדֶּה אֲנִי לָךְ\", \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה הָיָה חוֹכֵךְ בָּזֶה לְהַחְמִיר. \n\"כְּנִדְרֵי רְשָׁעִים\", \nנָדַר בַּנָּזִיר וּבַקָּרְבָּן וּבִשְׁבוּעָה. \n\"כְּנִדְרֵי כְשֵׁרִין\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. \n\"כְּנִדְבוֹתָם\", \nנָדַר בַּנָּזִיר וּבַקָּרְבָּן. \n",
+ "ב\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"קֻנָּם\", \"קֻנָּח\", \"קֻנָּס\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִים לַקָּרְבָּן. \n\"חֵרֶק\", \"חֵרֶךְ\", \"חֵרֶף\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לַחֵרֶם. \n\"נָזִיק\", \"נָזִיחַ\", \"פָּזִיחַ\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִנְזִירוּת. \n\"שְׁבוּתָא\", \"שְׁבוּקָא\", \"שְׁקוּקָה\", \"נָדַר בְּמוֹהֵן\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִשְׁבוּעָה. \n",
+ "ג\n\"לֹא חֻלִּים לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \n\"לֹא כָשֵׁר וְלֹא דְכֵי\", \n\"טָהוֹר וְטָמֵא\", \"נוֹתָר וּפִּגּוּל\", \nאָסוּר. \n\"כְּאִמְּרָא\", \"כַּדִּירַיִם\", \"כָּעֵצִים\", \n\"כָּאִשִּׁים\", \"כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ\", \"כַּהֵיכָל\", \"כִּירוּשָׁלַיִם\", \nנָדַר בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּח, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר קָרְבָּן, \nהֲרֵי זֶה נָדַר בַּקָּרְבָּן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \n(אַף) הָאוֹמֵר \"יְרוּשָׁלַיִם!\" \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ד\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"קָרְבַּן עוֹלָה, וּמִנְחָה, חַטָּאת, \nתּוֹדָה, וּשְׁלָמִים שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכַל לָךְ\", \nאָסוּר; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. \n\"הַקָּרְבָּן, כְּקָרְבָּן, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ\", \nאָסוּר. \n\"לֹא קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר. \nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם פִּי מְדַבֵּר עִמָּךְ, \nוְיָדִי עוֹשָׂה עִמָּךְ, \nוְרַגְלִי מְהַלֶּכֶת לָךְ\", \nאָסוּר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nוְאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין: \n\"חֻלִּין שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ\", \n\"כִּבְשַׂר חֲזִיר\", \n\"כַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה\", <בַּעֲבוֹדָה>\n\"כִּנְבֵלוֹת\", \"כִּטְרֵפוֹת\", \n\"כִּשְׁקָצִין\", \"כִּרְמָשִׂין\", \n\"כְּחַלַּת אַהֲרֹן וְכִתְרוּמָתוֹ\", \nמֻתָּר. \nהָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי כְּאִמָּא\", \nפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ פֶתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, \nשֶׁלֹּא יָקֵל אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ לְכֵן. \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן\", <שני. וכן כולם>\n\"שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר\", \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ\"; \nהָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי מְשַׁמְּשֵׁךְ\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה בַל יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. \n\"שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן\", \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר\", \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ\", \nאָסוּר. \n",
+ "ב\n\"קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \nוְ\"קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ\", \n\"לֹא קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \nמֻתָּר. \n\"שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \n\"שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ\", \n\"לֹא שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ\", \nאָסוּר. \nזֶה חֹמֶר בִּשְׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. \nוְחֹמֶר בַּנְּדָרִים מִבַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת, \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם סֻכָּה שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשֶׂה\", <שני>\n\"לוּלָב שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹטֵל\", <שני>\n\"תְּפִלִּין שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹטֵן\", \nבִּנְדָרִים אָסוּר, וּבִשְׁבוּעוֹת מֻתָּר, \nשֶׁאֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין לַעֲבֹר עַל הַמִּצְוֹת. \n",
+ "ג\nיֵשׁ נֶדֶר בְּתוֹךְ נֶדֶר, \nוְאֵין שְׁבוּעָה בְתוֹךְ שְׁבוּעָה. \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל\", \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל\", \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל\", וְאָכַל, \nחַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת. \n\"שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל\", \n\"שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל\", \n\"שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל\", וְאָכַל, \nאֵינוּ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אַחַת. \n",
+ "ד\nסְתָם נְדָרִים לְהַחְמִיר, וּפֵרוּשָׁן לְהָקֵל. \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּבָשָׂר מָלוּחַ, וּכְיַיִן נֶסֶךְ\", \nאִם שֶׁלַּשָּׁמַיִם נָדַר, אָסוּר. \nאִם שֶׁלַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מֻתָּר, \nוְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. \n\"הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּחֵרֶם\", \nאִם כְּחֵרֶם שֶׁלַּשָּׁמַיִם נָדַר, אָסוּר, \nוְאִם שֶׁלַּכֹּהֲנִים, מֻתָּר, \nוְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. \n\"הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּמַעֲשֵׂר\", \nאִם כְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה נָדַר, אָסוּר, <כְּמַעֲשֵׂר>\nוְאִם שֶׁלַּדָּגָן, מֻתָּר, \nוְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. \n\"הֲרֵי עָלַי כִּתְרוּמָה\", \nאִם כִּתְרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה נָדַר, אָסוּר, \nוְאִם שֶׁלַּגֹּרֶן, מֻתָּר, \nוְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nסְתָם תְּרוּמָה, בִּיהוּדָה, אֲסוּרָה, וּבַגָּלִיל, מֻתֶּרֶת, \nשֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי הַגָּלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת תְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה. \nסְתָם חֲרָמִין, בִּיהוּדָה, מֻתָּרִין, וּבַגָּלִיל, אֲסוּרִין, \nשֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי הַגָּלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת חַרְמֵי כֹהֲנִים. \n",
+ "ה\nנָדַר בַּחֵרֶם, וְאָמַר: \n\"לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְחֶרְמוֹ שֶׁלַּיָּם\", \nנָדַר בַּקָּרְבָּן, וְאָמַר: \n\"לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְקָרְבְּנוֹת מְלָכִים\", \n\"הֲרֵי עַצְמִי קָרְבָּן\", וְאָמַר: \n\"לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְעֶצֶם שֶׁהִנַּחְתִּי לִי לִהְיוֹת נוֹדֵר בּוֹ\", \n\"קֻנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהְנֵית לִי\", וְאָמַר: \n\"לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא מֵאִשְׁתִּי הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁגֵּרַשְׁתִּי\", \nוְעַל כֻּלָּן אֵינָן נִשְׁאָלִין עֲלֵיהֶם. \nוְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ, \nעוֹנְשִׁין אוֹתָן וּמַחְמִירִין עֲלֵיהֶם. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nפּוֹתְחִין לָהֶן פֶּתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, \nוּמְלַמְּדִין אוֹתָן, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִנְהֲגוּ בְקַלּוּת רֹאשׁ בִּנְדָרִים. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים: \nנִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, וְנִדְרֵי הֲוַי, \nוְנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, וְנִדְרֵי אֲנָסִים. \nנִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין: \nהָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ, וְאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי פוֹחֵת לָךְ מִן הַסֶּלַע\", \nוְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי מוֹסִיף לָךְ עַל הַשֶּׁקֶל\", \nשְׁנֵיהֶן רוֹצִין בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָרוֹצֶה לְהַדִּיר אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, וְאָמַר: \n\"כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לִדּוֹר, הֲרֵי הוּא בָטֵל, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא זָכוּר בְּשָׁעַת הַנֶּדֶר\". \n",
+ "ב\nנִדְרֵי הֲוַי, אָמַר: \n\"אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי בַדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּוֹ כְעוֹלֵי מִצְרַיִם!\" \n\"אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי נָחָשׁ כְּקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד!\" \nנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת: \nאָמַר: \n\"אִם אָכַלְתִּי וְשָׁתִיתִי\", \nוְנִזְכַּר שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֵינִי שׁוֹתֶה\", \nוְשָׁכַח, וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהְנֵית לִי, \nשֶׁגָּנְבָה אֶת כִּיסִי, וְשֶׁהִכַּת אֶת בְּנִי\", \nוְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא הִכַּתּוּ, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא גָנְבָה. \nרָאָה אוֹתָן אוֹכְלִין תְּאֵנִים, וְאָמַר לָהֶן: \n\"הֲרֵי הֵן עֲלֵיכֶם קָרְבָּן\", \nוְנִמְצְאוּ אָבִיו אוֹ אֶחָיו, וְהָיוּ עִמָּהֶן אֲחֵרִים, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nהֵן מֻתָּרִין, וּמַה שֶּׁעִמָּהֶן אֲסוּרִין. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. \n",
+ "ג\nנִדְרֵי אֲנָסִים: \nהִדִּירוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, \nוְחָלָה הוּא אוֹ שֶׁחָלָה בְנוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁעִכְּבוֹ נָהָר, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי אֲנָסִין. \n",
+ "ד\nנוֹדְרִים לֶהָרָגִים וְלֶחָרָמִים וְלַמּוֹכְסִים שֶׁהִיא תְרוּמָה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָה תְרוּמָה; \nשֶׁהֵן שֶׁלְּבֵית הַמֶּלֶךְ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן שֶׁלָּהֶן. <שֶׁאֵינָה> \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבַּכֹּל נוֹדְרִין, חוּץ מִבַּשְּׁבוּעָה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף בִּשְׁבוּעָה. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא יִפְתַּח לוֹ בְנֶדֶר. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף יִפְתַּח. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מַדִּירוֹ. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף בְּמַה שֶּׁאֵינוּ מַדִּירוֹ. \n\nה\nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאֱמֹר: \n\"קֻנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהְנֵית לִי!\" \nוְאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם אִשְׁתִּי וּבָנַי נֶהְנִים לִי\", \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאִשְׁתּוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת, וּבָנָיו אֲסוּרִין; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. \n",
+ "ו\n\"הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָן נִקְצָצוֹת\", \nוְ\"טַלֵּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָה נִשְׂרֶפֶת\", \nיֵשׁ לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. \n\"הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁיִּקָּצֵצוּ\", <שֶׁיְּקַצֵּצוּ>\nוְ\"טַלֵּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׂרֵף\", \nאֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן. \n",
+ "ז\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, מֻתָּר בְּיוֹשְׁבֵי יַבָּשָׁה; \nוּמִיּוֹשְׁבֵי יַבָּשָׁה, אָסוּר בְּיוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, \nשֶׁיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם בִּכְלַל יוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה; \nלֹא כָאֵלּוּ הָהוֹלְכִים מֵעַכּוֹ לְיָפוֹ, \nאֶלָּא מִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְפָרֵשׁ. \n",
+ "ח\nהַנּוֹדֵר מֵרוֹאֵי הַחַמָּה, \nאָסוּר אַף בַּסּוּמִים, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁהַחַמָּה רוֹאָה אוֹתוֹ. \n",
+ "ט\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִשְּׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ, \nאָסוּר בַּקֵּרְחִים, וּבְבַעֲלֵי שֵׂיבוֹת, \nוּמֻתָּר בַּנָּשִׁים וּבַקְּטַנִּים, \nשֶׁאֵין נִקְרָאִין שְׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ אֶלָּא אֲנָשִׁים. \n",
+ "י\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיִּלּוֹדִים, מֻתָּר בַּנּוֹלָדִים; <הַיְּלוּדִים>\nמִן הַנּוֹלָדִים, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מַתִּיר אַף בַּיִּלּוֹדִים. <בַּיְּלוּדִים>\nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהִוָּלֵד. \n",
+ "יא\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִשּׁוֹבְתֵי שַׁבָּת, \nאָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. \nמֵאוֹכְלֵי הַשּׁוּם, \nאָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. \nוּמֵעוֹלֵי לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nאָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בַּכּוּתִים. \n",
+ "יב\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לִבְנֵי נֹחַ\", \nמֻתָּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאָסוּר בָּאֻמּוֹת. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לְזֶרַע אַבְרָהָם\", \nאָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וּמֻתָּר בָּאֻמּוֹת. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל\", \nלוֹקֵחַ בְּיָתֵר וּמוֹכֵר בְּפָחוּת. \n\"שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נֶהְנִין לִי\", \nלוֹקֵחַ בְּפָחוּת וּמוֹכֵר בְּיָתֵר, \nאֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לָהֶן וְהֵן לִי\", \nיֵהָנֶה לָאֻמּוֹת. \n\nיג\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לָעֲרֵלִים\", \nמֻתָּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְאָסוּר בְּמוּלֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לַמּוּלִים\", \nאָסוּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוּמֻתָּר בְּמוּלֵי הָאֻמּוֹת, \nשֶׁאֵין הָעָרְלָה קְרוּיָה אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם הַגּוֹיִם, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ירמיה ט,כה) \n\"כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים, \nוְכָל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַרְלֵי לֵב\", \nוְאוֹמֵר: (שמואל א יז,לו) \n\"וְהָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הֶעָרֵל הַזֶּה כְּאֶחָד מֵהֶם\", \nוְאוֹמֵר: (שמואל ב א,כ) \n\"פֶּן תִּשְׂמַחְנָה בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים, \nפֶּן תַּעֲלזְנָה בְּנוֹת הָעֲרֵלִים\". \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nמְאוּסָה הָעָרְלָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּנּוּ בָהּ רְשָׁעִים, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ירמיה ט,כה) \n\"כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים, \nוְכָל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַרְלֵי לֵב\". \n\nיד\nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁשְּׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה בְרִית נִכְרְתוּ עָלֶיהָ. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה הַגָּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁהִיא דוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת הַחֲמוּרָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה אוֹמֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְלָה לְמֹשֶׁה הַצַּדִּיק עָלֶיהָ מְלֹא שָׁעָה. \nרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁהִיא דוֹחָה אֶת הַנְּגָעִים. \n\nיה\nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה אָבִינוּ אַבְרָהָם, \nלֹא נִקְרָא שָׁלֵם עַד שֶׁמָּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (בראשית יז,א) \n\"הִתְהַלֵּךְ לְפָנַי וֶהְיֵה תָמִים\". \n\nיו\nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁאִלּוּלֵי הִיא, \nלֹא בָרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹלָמוֹ, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ירמיה לג,כה) \n\"כֹּה אָמַר יי: אִם לֹא בְרִיתִי יוֹמָם וָלָיְלָה, \nחֻקּוֹת שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ לֹא שָׂמְתִּי\". \nגְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, \nשֶׁהִיא שְׁקוּלָה כְנֶגֶד כָּל הַמִּצְווֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (שמות כד,ח) \n\"הִנֵּה דַם הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַת יי עִמָּכֶם, \nעַל כָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה.\"\n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאֵין בֵּין הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לְמֻדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל, \nאֶלָּא דְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל, \nוְכֵלִים שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. \nהַמֻּדָּר מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, \nלֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה, וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר. \nאֲבָל מַשְׁאִיל לוֹ חָלוּק וְטַלֵּית, וּנְזָמִים וְטַבַּעוֹת, \nוְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂים בּוֹ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. \nמְקוֹם שֶׁמַּשְׂכִּירִין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, אָסוּר. \n",
+ "ב\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, \nשׁוֹקֵל אֶת שִׁקְלוֹ, וּפוֹרֵעַ אֶת חוֹבוֹ, \nוּמַחְזִיר לוֹ אֲבֵדָתוֹ. \nמְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר, \nתִּפֹּל הֲנָיָה לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. \n",
+ "ג\nוְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. \nוּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין וְקִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, \nחַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת. \nוּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת, וְאַגָּדוֹת. \nלֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא, \nאֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו מִקְרָא. \nוְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶן. <בִּמְזוֹנוֹתָן> \nלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵין טְהוֹרָה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nזָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוּ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nשֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם, וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nוְהַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם, וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nשֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי מוֹכְרָהּ לַגּוֹיִם, \nאוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לַכְּלָבִים. \n",
+ "ד\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְנִכְנַס לְבַקְּרוֹ, \nעוֹמֵד, אֲבָל לֹא יוֹשֵׁב. \nוּמְרַפֵּהוּ רִפְאוּת נֶפֶשׁ, \nאֲבָל לֹא רִפְאוּת מָמוֹן. \nוְרוֹחֵץ עִמּוֹ בְאֶנְבָּטִי גְדוֹלָה, \nאֲבָל לֹא בִקְטַנָּה. \nוְיָשֵׁן עִמּוֹ בַמִּטָּה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַהְנֵיהוּ. \nוּמֵסֵב עִמּוֹ עַל הַמִּטָּה, \nוְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, \nאֲבָל לֹא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי. \nאֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי הַחוֹזֵר. \n\nה\nלֹא יֹאכַל עִמּוֹ מִן הָאֵבוּס שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפּוֹעֲלִים. \nוְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עִמּוֹ בָאָמָּן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעוֹשֶׂה הוּא בְרָחוֹק מִמֶּנּוּ. \n",
+ "ו\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, \nלֹא יֵרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, <יורד>\nוְאֵינוּ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת; \nוּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, \nאֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. \nנָדַר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, \nיוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוּ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּרוֹת. \nוּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל. \n",
+ "ז\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, \nלֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִשְׁאַל מִמֶּנּוּ, \nלֹא יַלְוֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִלְוֶה מִמֶּנּוּ, <יַלְוֶה>\nוְלֹא יִמְכֹּר לוֹ וְלֹא יִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתָךְ\", \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"אֵינָה פְנוּיָה\". \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שָׂדִי שֶׁאֵינִי חוֹרֵשׁ בָּהּ לְעוֹלָם\", \nאִם הָיָה דַרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, \nהוּא אָסוּר, וְכָל אָדָם מֻתָּרִין; \nאִם אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ בּוֹ, \nהוּא וְכָל אָדָם אֲסוּרִין. \n",
+ "ח\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, \nהוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַחַנְוָנִי, וְאוֹמֵר: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָיָה, \nוְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה.\" \nהוּא נוֹתֵן לוֹ, וּבָא וְנוֹטֵל מִזֶּה. \n\nט\nהָיָה בֵיתוֹ לִבְנוֹת, גְּדֵרוֹ לִגְדֹּר, שָׂדֵהוּ לִקְצֹר, \nהוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַפּוֹעֲלִין, וְאוֹמֵר: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָיָה, \nוְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה.\" \nוְהֵן עוֹשִׂין עִמּוֹ, וּבָאִים וְנוֹטְלִים שָׂכָרָן מִזֶּה. \n",
+ "י\nהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִים בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, \nנוֹתֵן לְאַחֵר מִשֵּׁם מַתָּנָה, \nוְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. \nאִם אֵין עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, \nמַנִּיחַ עַל הַסֶּלַע אוֹ עַל הַגָּדֵר, \nוְאוֹמֵר: \n\"הֲרֵי הֵן מֻבְקָרִין לְכָל מִי שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ\", \nוְהַלָּה נוֹטֵל וְאוֹכֵל. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹסֵר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַשּׁוּתָפִים שֶׁנָּדְרוּ הֲנָיָה זֶה מִזֶּה, \nאֲסוּרִין לִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nזֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְזֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. \nשְׁנֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין מִלְּהַעֲמִיד רֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, \nוּמִלְּגַדֵּל תַּרְנָגְלִין. \nהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן מֻדָּר מֵחֲבֵרוֹ הֲנָיָה, \nלֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nיָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ: \n\"בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי נִכְנָס, \nוְאֵינִי נִכְנָס בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ.\" \nכּוֹפִין אֶת הַנּוֹדֵר שֶׁיִּמְכֹּר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nהָיָה אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מֻדָּר מֵאֶחָד מֵהֶם הֲנָיָה, \nלֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nיָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ: \n\"לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלַּחֲבֵרִי אֲנִי נִכְנָס, \nוְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ.\" \n",
+ "ג\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ שָׁם מַרְחֵץ וּבֵית הַבַּד מֻסְכָּרִין בָּעִיר, \nאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ תְפִיסַת יָד בָּהֶן, אָסוּר. \nאֵין לוֹ תְפִיסַת יָד בָּהֶן, מֻתָּר. \nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, וְשָׂדְךָ בָּהֶן לוֹקֵחַ\", \nמֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרָן לְאַחֵר, מֻתָּר. \n\"לַבַּיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, \nוְשָׂדֶה זוֹ שֶׁאֵינִי לוֹקֵחַ\", \nמֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרָן לְאַחֵר, אָסוּר. \n",
+ "ד\n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם\", הַמֻּדָּר אָסוּר. \n\"הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי חֵרֶם\", הַנּוֹדֵר אָסוּר. \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי עָלֶיךָ וְאַתְּ עָלַי\", שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִין. \nוּשְׁנֵיהֶם מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁלְּעוֹלֵי בָבֶל, \nוַאֲסוּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁבְּאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר. \n",
+ "ה\nוְאֵי זֶה הוּא דָבָר שֶׁלְּעוֹלֵי בָבֶל? \nכְּגוֹן הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת, \nוְהַבְּאֵר שֶׁבְּאֶמְצַע הַדֶּרֶךְ. \nוְאֵי זֶה דָבָר שֶׁבְּאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר? \nכְּגוֹן הָרְחָבָה, וְהַמַּרְחֵץ, \nוּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְהַתֵּבָה, וְהַסְּפָרִים. \nוְהַכּוֹתֵב חֶלְקוֹ לַנָּשִׂיא. \n\nו\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לַהֶדְיוֹט; \nמַה בֵּין כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא לְכוֹתֵב לַהֶדְיוֹט? \nשֶׁהַכּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא אֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת, \nוְהַכּוֹתֵב לַהֶדְיוֹט צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת, \nלֹא דִבְּרוּ בַנָּשִׂיא אֶלָּא בַהוֶה. <בהווי> \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין אַנְשֵׁי הַגָּלִיל צְרִיכִין לִכְתּוֹב, \nשֶׁכְּבָר כָּתְבוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל יְדֵיהֶם. <אֲבוֹתָם>\n",
+ "[ז]\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, \nנוֹתֵן לְאַחֵר מִשּׁוּם מַתָּנָה, וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְּבֵית חוֹרוֹן, \nבְּאֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו מֻדָּר מִמֶּנּוּ הֲנָיָה, \nוְהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בִּתּוֹ. \nאָמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"הֲרֵי הֶחָצֵר וְהַסְּעוֹדָה נְתוּנִין לָךְ מַתָּנָה, \nאֵין בְּפָנֶיךָ שֶׁיָּבֹא אַבָּא וְיֹאכַל עִמָּנוּ בִסְעוֹדָה.\" \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"אִם שֶׁלִּי הֵם, הֲרֵי הֵן מֻקְדָּשִׁין לַשָּׁמַיִם!\" \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"לֹא נָתַתִּי לָךְ אֶת שֶׁלִּי (אֶלָּא) שֶׁתַּקְדִּישֵׁם לַשָּׁמַיִם!\" \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"לֹא נָתַתָּ לִּי אֶת שֶׁלָּךְ, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא אַתָּה וְאָבִיךָ אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים, \nוּמִתְרַצִּים זֶה לָזֶה, \nוִיהֵא עָוֹן תָּלוּי בְּרֹאשִׁי\". \nאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nכָּל מַתָּנָה שֶׁאֵינָה שֶׁאִם הִקְדִּישָׁהּ תְּהֵא מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, \nאֵינָה מַתָּנָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמְבֻשָּׁל, \nמֻתָּר בַּצָּלִי וּבַשָּׁלוּק. \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בְּמַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה רַךְ, \nוּמֻתָּר בֶּעָבֶה, \nוּמֻתָּר בְּבֵיצָה טְרָמִיטָן, \nוּבַדַּלַּעַת הָרְמוּצָה. \n",
+ "ב\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִמַּעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה, \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִמַּעֲשֵׂה רְתַחְתָּה. \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם יוֹרֵד לִקְדֵרָה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר מִכָּל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין בִּקְדֵרָה. \n",
+ "ג\n\"מִן הַכֶּבֶשׁ\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַכֶּבֶשׁ שֶׁלַּיָּרָק. \n\"כָּבוּשׁ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַכְּבוּשִׁים. \n\nד \n\"מִן הַשְּׁלָקִים\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַשֶּׁלֶק שֶׁלַּיָּרָק. \n\"שָׁלוּק שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַשְּׁלוּקִים. \n\nה\n\"מִן הַצָּלִי\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַצָּלִי שֶׁלַּבָּשָׂר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \n\"צָלוּי שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר מִכָּל הַצְּלוּיִם. \n\nו\n\"מִן הַמָּלִיחַ\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַמָּלִיחַ שֶׁלַּדָּג. \n\"מָלִיחַ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַמְּלוּחִים. \n",
+ "ז\n\"דָּג, דָּגִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בָּהֶם, בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים, בֵּין קְטַנִּים, \nבֵּין מְלוּחִים בֵּין תְּפֵלִים, \nבֵּין חַיִּים בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִים, \nוּמֻתָּר בִּטְרִית טְרוּפָה, וּבַצֵּיר. \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַצַּחֲנָה, \nאָסוּר בִּטְרִית טְרוּפָה, \nוּמֻתָּר בַּצֵּיר וּבְמֻרְיָס. \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִטְּרִית טְרוּפָה, \nמֻתָּר בַּצֵּיר וּבַמֻּרְיָס. \n",
+ "ח\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הֶחָלָב, מֻתָּר בַּקִּים. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹסֵר. \nוּמִן הַקִּים, מֻתָּר בֶּחָלָב. \nאַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר: \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַגְּבִנָּה, \nאָסוּר בָּהּ, בֵּין מְלֵיחָה וּבֵין תְּפֵלָה. \n",
+ "ט\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר, \nמֻתָּר בָּרֹטֶב וּבַקּוֹפֵא. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: <יודה>\nמַעֲשֶׂה וְאָסַר עָלַי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן בֵּיצִים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִמּוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nוְכֵן הַדָּבָר! אֶמָּתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר \"בָּשָׂר זֶה עָלַי\", \nאֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּבָר וְנִתְעָרַב בְּאַחֵר, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר. \n",
+ "י\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, \nמֻתָּר בַּתַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם יַיִן. \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם יַיִן זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nוְנָפַל לַתַּבְשִׁיל, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, \nהֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. \n\nיא\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲנָבִים, מֻתָּר בַּיַּיִן; \nמִן הַזֵּיתִים, מֻתָּר בַּשֶּׁמֶן. \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nאָסוּר בָּהֶן וּבַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן. \n",
+ "יב\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּמָרִים, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים; \nמִן הַסִּתְוָנִיּוֹת, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתִירָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁשֵּׁם תּוֹלַדְתּוֹ קְרוּיָה עָלָיו, וְנָדַר הֵימֶנּוּ, \nאָסוּר בְּיוֹצֵא הֵימֶנּוּ. <מגיה שני הוסיף: בו ו->\nוַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין. \n",
+ "יג\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, מֻתָּר בְּיֵין תַּפּוּחִים; \nמִן הַשֶּׁמֶן, מֻתָּר בְּשֶׁמֶן שֻׁמְשְׁמִין; \nמִן הַדְּבַשׁ, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים; \nמִן הַחֹמֶץ, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִית; \nמִן הַכְּרֵישִׁים, מֻתָּר בְּקַפְּלוֹטוֹת; \nמִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בִּירָקוֹת שָׂדֶה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא לָאוּי. < המגיה: ס\"א שֵׁם לָוּי>\n",
+ "יד\nמִן הַכְּרוּב, אָסוּר בְּאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס; \nמִן הָאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס, מֻתָּר בִּכְרוּב. \nמִן הַגְּרִיסִים, אָסוּר בַּמִּקְפָּא. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מַתִּיר. \nמִן הַמִּקְפָּא, מֻתָּר בִּגְרִיסִין. \n\nיה\nמִן הַמִּקְפָּא, אָסוּר בַּשּׁוּם. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מַתִּיר. \nמִן הַשּׁוּם, מֻתָּר בַּמִּקְפָּא. <אסור> \n\nיו\nמִן הָעֲדָשִׁים, אָסוּר בָּאֲשִׁישִׁים, \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מַתִּיר. \nמִן הָאֲשִׁישִׁין, מֻתָּר בָּעֲדָשִׁים. \n\nיז\n\"חִטָּה\", \"חִטִּים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני> \nאָסוּר בָּהֶם, בֵּין קֶמַח בֵּין פַּת. \n\"גָּרִיס\", \"גְּרִיסִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני> \nאָסוּר בָּהֶן, בֵּין חַיִּים בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \n\"קֻנָּם גָּרִיס וְחִטָּה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני> \nמֻתָּר לָכוֹס חַיִּים. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בַּדִּלּוּעִים. \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹסֵר. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nוַהֲלֹא אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִשְׁלוּחוֹ: \n\"קַח לָנוּ יָרָק\", \nוְהוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דִּלּוּעִים\"? \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \nוְכֵן הַדָּבָר! אוֹ שֶׁמֵּא אוֹמֵר הוּא לוֹ: \n\"לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא קִטְנִית\"? \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהַדִּלּוּעִין בִּכְלַל הַיָּרָק, \nוְאֵין הַקִּטְנִית בִּכְלַל יָרָק. \nוְאָסוּר בְּפוּל הַמִּצְרִי לַח, \nוּמֻתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ. \n",
+ "ב\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, \nאָסוּר בְּפוּל הַמִּצְרִי הַיָּבֵשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה, \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין, \nאֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, \nאָסוּר בַּכֹּל, \nוּמֻתָּר בְּפֵרוֹת הָאִילָן וּבַיָּרָק. \n",
+ "ג\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַכְּסוּת, \nמֻתָּר בַּשַּׂק, וּבִירִיעָה, וּבַחֲמִילָה. \nאָמַר \"קֻנָּם צֶמֶר עוֹלֶה עָלַי\", \nמֻתָּר לְכַסּוֹת בְּגִזֵּי צֶמֶר; \n\"פִּשְׁתָּן עוֹלָה עָלַי\", \nמֻתָּר לְכַסּוֹת בַּאֲנִיצֵי פִשְׁתָּן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַכֹּל לְפִי הַנֶּדֵר: \nטָעַן וְהִזִּיעַ, וְהָיָה רֵיחוֹ קָשֶׁה, אָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים עוֹלִין עָלַי\", \nמֻתָּר לְכַסּוֹת, \nוְאָסוּר לְהַפְשִׁיל אַחֲרָיו. \n",
+ "ד\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, מֻתָּר בָּעֲלִיָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעֲלִיָּה בִכְלָל הַבַּיִת. \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲלִיָּה, מֻתָּר בַּבַּיִת. \n",
+ "ה\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמִּטָּה, מֻתָּר בַּדַּרְגֵּשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהַדַּרְגֵּשׁ בִּכְלַל הַמִּטָּה. \nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדַּרְגֵּשׁ, מֻתָּר בַּמִּטָּה. \n\nו\nהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעִיר, \nמֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס בִּתְחוּמָהּ, \nוְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְעִיבּוּרָהּ. \nאֲבָל הַנוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, \nאָסוּר מִן הָאָגָף וְלִפְנִים. \n",
+ "ז\n\"קֻנָּם פֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עָלַי\", \n\"קֻנָּם הֵם לְפִי\", \n\"קֻנָּם הֵם עַל פִּי\", \nאָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶם וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶם. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל\", \"שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nמֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, \nבְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה; \nאֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, \nגִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִים. \n",
+ "ח\nהָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם מַעֲשֵׂה יָדַיִךְ עָלַי\", \n\"קֻנָּם הֵם לְפִי\", \"קֻנָּם הֵן עַל פִּי\", \nאָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. <בחילופין> \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל\", \"שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם\", <שני>\nמֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶם וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, \nבְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. \nאֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, \nגִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִים. \n",
+ "ט\n\"שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה וְאֵינִי אוֹכֵל עַד הַפֶּסַח\", \n\"שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה וְאֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה עַד הַפֶּסַח\", \nעָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, \nמֻתָּר לֹאכַל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח. \n\nי\n\"שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח וְאֵינִי אוֹכֵל\", \n\"וְשֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח וְאֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה\", \nעָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, \nאָסוּר לֹאכַל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח. \n",
+ "יא\n\"שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהְנֵית לִי עַד הַפֶּסַח, \nאִם הוֹלֶכֶת אַתְּ לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הֶחָג\", \nהָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, \nאֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הַפֶּסַח; \nוּלְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח, בַּל יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. \n\nיב\n\"שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהְנֵית לִי עַד הֶחָג, \nאִם הוֹלֶכֶת אַתְּ לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הַפֶּסַח\", \nוְהָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, \nאֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הֶחָג, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לֵילֵךְ אַחַר הַפֶּסַח. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\n\"קֻנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ; \n\"שַׁבָּת זוֹ\", \nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה; <המגיה: ושבת לשעבר>\n\"חֹדֶשׁ זֶה\", \nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא; \n\"שָׁנָה זוֹ\", \nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁעָתִיד לָבוֹא; \n\"שָׁבוּעַ זֶה\", \nאָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה. <המגיה: והשביעית לשעבר> \n\nב\nוְאִם אָמַר: \n\"יוֹם אֶחָד\", \"שַׁבָּת אַחַת\", \"חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד\", \n\"שָׁנָה אַחַת\", \"שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד\", \nאָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם. \n",
+ "ג\n\"עַד הַפֶּסַח\", אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ; \n\"עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא\", אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. \n\"עַד לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח\", \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. \n",
+ "ד\n\"עַד הַקָּצִיר\", \"עַד הַבָּצִיר\", \"עַד הַמָּסִיק\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁזְּמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ, וְאוֹמֵר \"עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ\", \nאָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ; \n\"עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא\", \nאָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵין זְמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ, \nבֵּין שֶׁאָמַר \"עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא\", \nבֵּין שֶׁאָמַר \"עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. \n",
+ "ה\n\"עַד הַקַּיִץ\", \"עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַקַּיִץ\", \nעַד שֶׁיַּתְחִילוּ הָעָם לְהַכְנִיס בַּכַּלְכַּלּוֹת. \n\"עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַקַּיִץ\", \nעַד שֶׁיַּכְפִּילוּ הַמִּקְצוֹעוֹת. \n\"עַד הַקָּצִיר\", \nעַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל הָעָם לִקְצֹר קְצִיר חִטִּים, \nאֲבָל לֹא קְצִיר שְׂעוֹרִים. \nהַכֹּל לְפִי מְקוֹם נִדְרוֹ, \nאִם הָיָה בָהָר, כָּהָר, \nוְאִם הָיָה בַבִּקְעָה, כַּבִּקְעָה. \n",
+ "ו\n\"עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים\", \"עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים\", \nעַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבֵיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַנָּהּ שֶׁלִּרְבֵיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. \n\"עַד שֶׁיִּפְסְקוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים\", \nעַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא נִיסָן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוּרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַפֶּסַח. \n\nז\n\"קֻנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם הַשָּׁנָה\", \nנִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּבְעִבּוּרָהּ; \n\"עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר\", \nעַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן; \n\"עַד סוֹף אֲדָר\", \nעַד סוֹף אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. \n\nח\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \n\"קֻנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַפֶּסַח\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי הַפֶּסַח, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה \nאֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן. \n",
+ "ט\nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם בָּשָׂר שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא צוֹם\", \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי צוֹם, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה \nאֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֹאכַל בָּשָׂר. \n\nי\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה בְנוֹ אוֹמֵר: \n\"קֻנָּם שׁוּם שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא שַׁבָּת, \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר [אֶלָּא] עַד לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה \nאֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֹאכַל שׁוּם. \n",
+ "יא\nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֲנִי נֶהְנֶה לָךְ, \nאִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹטֵל לְבָנֶיךָ \nכּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁלְּחִטִּים וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁלַּיַּיִן\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, \nוְיֹאמַר לוֹ: \n\"כְּלוּם אָמַרְתָּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדִי, \nוְזֶה הוּא כְבוֹדִי!\" \nוְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאַתָּה נֶהְנֶה לִי, \nאִם אֵין אַתְּ בָּא וְנוֹתֵן לְבָנַי \nכּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁלְּחִטִּים וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁלַּיַּיִן\", \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאָסוּר עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, \nוְיֹאמַר לוֹ: \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְּאִלּוּ הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי\". <כילו> \n\nיב\nהָיוּ מְסָרְבִים בּוֹ לָשֵׂאת אֶת בַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ, \nוְאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁהִיא נֶהְנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם!\" \nוְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהְנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת מִלֵּהָנוֹת לוֹ, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם אִשּׁוּת. \n\nיג\nהָיָה מְסָרֵב בַּחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס\", \n\"טִפַּת צוֹנִין שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ\", \nמֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ צוֹנִין, \nשֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוַּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nפּוֹתְחִין לְאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \nאָמַר רְבִּי צָדוֹק: \nעַד שֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, \nיִפְתְּחוּ לוֹ בִכְבוֹד מָקוֹם! \nאִם כֵּן, אֵין נְדָרִים! \nמוֹדִין חֲכָמִים לִרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר \nבְּדָבָר שֶׁבֵּינוֹ לְבֵין אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, \nשֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nוְעוֹד אָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nפּוֹתְחִין בַּנּוֹלָד. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי\", \nוְנֶעְשָׂה סוֹפֵר, \nאוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ, \nוְאָמַר: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נֶעְשָׂה סוֹפֵר, \nאוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ בְקָרוֹב, \nלֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר\". \n\"קֻנָּם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס\", \nוְנֶעֱשָׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, \nאָמַר: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נֶעֱשָׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, \nלֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר\", \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \n",
+ "ג\nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nיֵשׁ דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן כַּנּוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כַּנּוֹלָד; \nוַחֲכָמִים מוֹדִין לוֹ. \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא לִפְלוֹנִית, שֶׁאָבִיהָ רַע!\" \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ \"מֵת!\" אוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה תְשׁוּבָה; \n\"קֻנָּם לַבַּיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, \nשֶׁהַכֶּלֶב רַע בְּתוֹכוֹ\", אוֹ \"שֶׁהַנָּחָשׁ בְּתוֹכוֹ\", \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ \"מֵת הַכֶּלֶב\", אוֹ שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג הַנָּחָשׁ, \nהֲרֵי הֵן כַּנּוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כַּנּוֹלָד. \nוַחֲכָמִים מוֹדִין לוֹ. \n",
+ "ד\nוְעוֹד אָמַר רְבִּי מֵאִיר: \nפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ מִן הַכָּתוּב שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹבֵר עַל (ויקרא יט,יז-יח)\n\"לֹא תִקּם\" וְעַל \"לֹא תִטּר\", \nוְעַל \"לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ בִּלְבָבֶךָ\" \n\"וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָמוֹךָ\" \n(ויקרא כה,לו) \"וְחֵי אָחִיךָ עִמָּךְ\", \nשֶׁמֵּא יַעְנִי וְאֵין אַתְּ יָכוֹל לְפַרְנְסוֹ, \nאָמַר: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵּן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "ה\nפּוֹתְחִין לְאָדָם בִּכְתֻבַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מֵאִשְׁתּוֹ הֲנָיָה, \nוְהָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת זוּז, \nוּבָאת לִפְנֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה, \nוְחִיְּבוֹ לִתֵּן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"רֶבִּי! שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת דִּינָר הִנִּיחַ אַבָּא, \nוְנָטַל אָחִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת, וַאֲנִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת. \nלֹא דַיָּהּ שֶׁתִּטֹּל הִיא מָאתַיִם וַאֲנִי מָאתַיִם?\" \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \n\"אֲפִלּוּ אַתְּ מוֹכֵר שְׂעַר רֹאשָׁךְ, \nאַתְּ נוֹתֵן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ\". \nאָמַר: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁכֵּן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר!\" \nוְהִתִּירוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \n",
+ "ו\nפּוֹתְחִין בְּיָמִים טוֹבִים וּבַשַּׁבָּתוֹת. \nבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: \nאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים מֻתָּרִין, \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים אֲסוּרִין. \nעַד שֶׁבָּא רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה וְלִמֵּד, \nשֶׁהַנֶּדֶר שֶׁהֻתַּר מִקְצָתוֹ הֻתַּר כֻּלּוֹ. <מִכְּלָלוֹ>\n",
+ "ז\nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמַר: \n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לְכֻלְּכֶם!\" \nהֻתַּר אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֻתָּרוּ כֻלָּם. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לָזֶה, לָזֶה וְלָזֶה!\" \nהֻתַּר הָרִאשׁוֹן, \nהֻתָּרוּ כֻלָּם; \nהֻתַּר הָאַחֲרוֹן, \nהָאַחֲרוֹן מֻתָּר, וְכֻלָּם אֲסוּרִין; \nהֻתַּר הָאֶמְצָעִי, \nהֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַטָּה מֻתָּר, הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַעְלָה אָסוּר. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לָזֶה, לָזֶה קָרְבָּן וְלָזֶה קָרְבָּן\", \nצְרִיכִין פֶּתַח לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. \n",
+ "ח\n\"קֻנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַיַּיִן רַע לַמֵּעַיִם!\" \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"וַהֲלֹא מְיֻשָּׁן יָפֶה לַמֵּעַיִם!\" \nהֻתַּר בִּמְיֻשָּׁן. \nלֹא בִמְיֻשָּׁן בִּלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַיַּיִן. \n\"קֻנָּם בָּצָל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַבָּצָל רַע לַלֵּב!\" \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"וַהֲלֹא כֻפְרִי יָפֶה לַלֵּב!\" \nהֻתַּר בַּכֻּפְרִי. \nלֹא בַכֻּפְרִי בִלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַבְּצָלִים. \nמַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה, \nוְהִתִּירוֹ רְבִּי מֵאִיר בְּכָל הַבְּצָלִים. \n",
+ "ט\nפּוֹתְחִין לְאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד עַצְמוֹ וּבִכְבוֹד בָּנָיו, \nוְאוֹמְרִין לוֹ: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ, שֶׁלְּמָחָר יְהוּ אוֹמְרִין עָלֶיךָ: \nכָּךְ וַסְתּוֹ שֶׁלִּפְלוֹנִי, לִהְיוֹת מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת נָשָׁיו, \nוְעַל בְּנוֹתֶיךָ יְהוּ אוֹמְרִין: \nבְּנוֹת גְּרוּשָׁה הֵן, \nמָה רָאַת אִמָּן שֶׁלָּאֵלּוּ לִהִתְגָּרֵשׁ?\" \nאָמַר: \n\"אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "י\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא לִפְלוֹנִית כְּאוּרָה\", <שני>\nוַהֲרֵי הִיא נָאוָה; \n\"שְׁחוֹרָה\", וַהֲרֵי הִיא לְבָנָה; \n\"קְצָרָה\", וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲרֻכָּה, \nלֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְאוּרָה וְנֶעְשֵׂית נָאוָה, \nשְׁחוֹרָה וְנֶעְשֵׂית לְבָנָה, \nקְצָרָה וְנֶעְשֵׂית אֲרֻכָּה, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר טָעוּת. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִבַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ הֲנָיָה, \nוְהִכְנִיסוּהָ לְבֵית רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְיִפּוּהָ. \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: \n\"בְּנִי! מִזּוֹ נָדַרְתָּ?\" \nאָמַר לוֹ \"לָאו!\" \nוְהִתִּירוֹ רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. \n\nיא\nבְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה בָּכָה רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְאָמַר: \n\"בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָאוֹת הֵן, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהָעֲנִיּוּת מְנַוְּלַתָּן!\" \n\nיב\nוּכְשֶׁמֵּת רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, \nהָיוּ בְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאוֹת קִינָה, וְאוֹמְרוֹת: \n\"בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, עַל רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּכֶינָה!\" \nוְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁאוּל: (שמואל ב א,כד) \n\"בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶל שָׁאוּל בְּכֶינָה!\nהַמַּלְבִּשְׁכֶם שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, \nהַמַּעֲלֶה עֲדִי זָהָב עַל לְבוּשְׁכֶן.\" \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nנַעֲרָה מְאֹרָסָה, \nאָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ מְפִירִים נְדָרֶיהָ. \nהֵפֵר הָאָב וְלֹא הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל, \nהֵפֵר הַבַּעַל וְלֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, \nאֵינוּ מוּפָר. \nאֵין צֹרֶךְ לוֹמַר, שֶׁיָּקֵם אֶחָד מֵהֶן. \n",
+ "ב\nמֵת הָאָב, \nלֹא נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לַבַּעַל. \nמֵת הַבַּעַל, \nנִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לָאָב. \nבָּזֶה יִפָּה כֹחַ הָאָב מִכֹּחַ הַבַּעַל. \nדָּבָר אַחֵר, \nיִפָּה כֹחַ הַבַּעַל מִכֹּחַ הָאָב, \nשֶׁהַבַּעַל מֵפֵר בִּבְגַר, \nוְהָאָב אֵינוּ מֵפֵר בִּבְגַר. \n",
+ "ג\nנָדְרָה וְהִיא אֲרוּסָה, \nנִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nנִתְאָרְסָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nאֲפִלּוּ לְמֵאָה, \nאָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן נְדָרֶיהָ. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: מְפִירִים\nכָּל שֶׁלֹּא יָצָאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, \nאָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן מְפִירִים נְדָרֶיהָ. \n",
+ "ד\nדֶּרֶךְ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בִתּוֹ יוֹצְאָה מֵאֶצְלוֹ, \nאוֹמֵר לָהּ: \n\"כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתִי, \nהֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין\". \nוְכֵן הַבַּעַל, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ, \nאוֹמֵר לָהּ: \n\"כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנְסִי לִרְשׁוּתִי, <תִּכָּנֵס>\nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מוּפָרִים\". \nאִם מִשֶּׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ אֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. <לִרְשׁוּתִי>\n",
+ "ה\nבּוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁשָּׁהַת שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nוְאַלְמָנָה שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nהוֹאִיל וּבַעְלָהּ חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ, יָפֵר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין הַבַּעַל מֵפֵר, עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ. \n",
+ "ו\nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם, \nבֵּין לְיָבָם אֶחָד בֵּין לִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִין, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיָפֵר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nלְאֶחָד, אֲבָל לֹא לִשְׁנַיִם. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא לְאֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם. \n\nז\nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nמָה, אִם אִשָּׁה שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, \nהֲרֵי הוּא מֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ, \nאִשָּׁה שֶׁקָנוּ לוֹ שָׁמַיִם, \nאֵינוּ דִין שֶׁיָּפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ? \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nלֹא, \nאִם אָמַרְתָּ בְאִשָּׁה שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, \nשֶׁאֵין לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת, \nתֹּאמַר בָּאִשָּׁה שֶׁקָנוּ לוֹ שָׁמַיִם, \nשֶׁיֵּשׁ לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת? \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nעֲקִיבָה! דְּבָרֶיךָ בִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִים, \nמָה אַתְּ מֵשִׁיב עַל יָבָם אֶחָד? \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאֵין הַיְבָמָה גְמוּרָה לְאִישָׁהּ \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁהָאֲרוּסָה גְמוּרָה לְאִישָׁהּ. \n",
+ "ח\nהָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ: \n\"כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁתִּדֹּרִי \nמִכָּן עַד שֶׁאָבֹא מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, \nהֲרֵי הֵן קַיָּמִין\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם; \n\"הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִים\", \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמוּפָר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מוּפָר. \n\nט\nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nאִם הֵפֵר נְדָרִים שֶׁבָּאוּ לִכְלַל אִסּוּר, \nלֹא יָפֵר נְדָרִים שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לִכְלַל אִסּוּר? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: (במדבר ל,יד) \n\"אִישָׁהּ יְקִימֶנּוּ וְאִישָׁהּ יְפֵרֶנּוּ\", \nאֶת שֶׁבָּא לִכְלַל הָקֵם, בָּא לִכְלָל הָפֵר, \nלֹא בָא לִכְלַל הָקֵם, לֹא בָא לִכְלַל הָפֵר. \n ",
+ "י\nהָפֵר נְדָרִים כָּל הַיּוֹם. \nוְיֵשׁ בַּדָּבָר לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחְמִיר. \nכֵּיצַד? \nנָדְרָה בְלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, \nמֵפֵר בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, \nוּבְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. \nנָדְרָה עִם חֲשֵׁכָה, \nמֵפֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא תֶחְשַׁךְ, \nשֶׁאִם לֹא הֵפֵר וְחָשֵׁכָה, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאֵלּוּ נְדָרִים שֶׁהוּא מֵפֵר: \nדְּבָרִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ: \n\"אִם אֶרְחַץ\", \"אִם לֹא אֶרְחַץ\", \n\"אִם אֶתְקַשֵּׁט\", וְ\"אִם לֹא אֶתְקַשֵּׁט\". \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nאֵין אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵלּוּ הֵן נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ: \nאָמְרָה: \n\"קֻנָּם פֵּרוֹת הָעוֹלָם עָלַי!\" \nהֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \n\"פֵּרוֹת הַמְּדִינָה זוֹ עָלַי\", \nיָבִיא לָהּ מִמְּדִינָה אַחֶרֶת. \n\"פֵּרוֹת הַחַנְוָנִי זֶה עָלַי\", \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \nאִם לֹא הָיְתָה פַרְנָסָתוֹ אֶלָּא מִמֶּנּוּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יוֹסֵה. \n",
+ "ג\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֶה לַבְּרִיּוֹת\", <שני>\nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר, \nוִיכוּלָה הִיא לֵהָנוֹת בַּלֶּקֶט וּבַשִּׁכְחָה וּבַפֵּאָה וּבַהֶבְקֵר. \n\"קֻנָּם כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם נֶהְנִים לִי\", \nיִטְּלוּ עַל כָּרְחוֹ. \n\"כֹּהֲנִים אֵלּוּ וּלְוִיִּם אֵלּוּ נֶהְנִים לִי\", \nיִטְּלוּ אֲחֵרִים. \n",
+ "ד\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּי אַבָּא\", <עוֹשֶׂה>\nוְ\"עַל פִּי אָבִיךָ\", וְ\"עַל פִּי אַחַי\", וְ\"עַל פִּי אָחֶיךָ\", \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּיךָ\", <עוֹשֶׂה>\nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְהָפֵר. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nיָפֵר, שֶׁמֵּא תַעֲדִיף עָלָיו יוֹתֵר מִן הָרָאוּי לוֹ. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nיָפֵר, שֶׁמֵּא יְגָרְשֶׁנָּה וּתְהֵא אֲסוּרָה לַחְזֹר לוֹ. \n",
+ "ה\nנָדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, סָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בִתּוֹ; \nנָדְרָה בִתּוֹ, וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ; \nנָדְרָה בַנָּזִיר, וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בַקָּרְבָּן; \nנָדְרָה בַקָּרְבָּן, וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בַנָּזִיר; \nנָדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים, וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הָעֲנָבִים; \nמִן הָעֲנָבִים, וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים, \nהֲרֵי זֶה יַחְזֹר וְיָפֵר. \n",
+ "ו\nאָמְרָה: \n\"קֻנָּם תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת\", <אֵלּוּ מחוק>\nקִיֵּם עַל הַתְּאֵנִים, כֻּלָּן קִיֵּם. \nהֵפֵר לַתְּאֵנִים, \nאֵינוּ מוּפָר עַד שֶׁיָּפֵר אַף לָעֲנָבִים. \nאָמְרָה: \n\"קֻנָּם תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת, \nוַעֲנָבִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת\", \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁנֵי נְדָרִים. \n",
+ "ז\n\"יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְדָרִים, \nאֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפִירִים\", \nיָפֵר. \n\"יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפִירִים, \nאֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁזֶּה נֶדֶר\", <נָדַר>\nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יָפֵר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיָפֵר. \n",
+ "ח\nהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָיָה מֵחֲתָנוֹ, \nוְהוּא רוֹצֶה לָתֵת לְבִתּוֹ מָעוֹת, \nאוֹמֵר לָהּ: \n\"הֲרֵי הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְתוּנִים לָךְ מַתָּנָה, \nבִּלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לְבַעְלִיךְ רְשׁוּת בָּהֶן, \nאֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁאַתְּ נוֹתֶנֶת בְּפִיךְ.\" \n",
+ "ט\n(במדבר ל,י) \"וְנֵדֶר אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה... יָקוּם עָלֶיהָ\" \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמְרָה: \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם\", \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \nנָדְרָה וְהִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל, \nמֵפֵר לָהּ. <וְהֵיפֵר> \nכֵּיצַד? \nאָמְרָה: \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים\", \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְאַלְמְנָה \nאוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בְתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, \nהֲרֵי זֶה מוּפָר. \n\nי\nנָדְרָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nנִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, וְהֶחְזִירָהּ בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁיָּצַאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. \n",
+ "יא\nתֵּשַׁע נְעָרוֹת נִדְרֵיהֶן קַיָּמִין: \nבּוֹגֶרֶת וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, \nנַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, \nנַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגָרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, \nבּוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, \nנַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, \nנַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגָרָה וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, \nנַעֲרָה שֶׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ, מִשֶּׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ בָגָרָה, \nבּוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם, \nנַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַמַּשִּׂיא אֶת בִּתּוֹ קְטַנָּה, \nוְנִתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, \nוְחָזְרָה אֶצְלוֹ עֲדַיִן הִיא נַעֲרָה. \n",
+ "יב\n\"קֻנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֵית לְאַבָּא, וּלְאָבִיךָ\", \n\"אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּיךָ\"; \n\"שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהְנֵית לָךְ\", \n\"אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּי אַבָּא וְעַל פִּי אָבִיךָ\", \nהֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר. \n",
+ "יג\nבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִין: \nשָׁלוֹשׁ נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְנוֹטְלוֹת כְּתֻבָּה: \nהָאוֹמֶרֶת: \n\"טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לָךְ\", \n\"שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינָךְ\", \nוּ\"נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים\". \nחָזְרוּ לוֹמַר, \nשֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא אִשָּׁה נוֹתֶנֶת עֵינֶיהָ בְאַחֵר, \nוּמְקַלְקֶלֶת עַל בַּעְלָהּ. \nאֶלָּא, הָאוֹמֶרֶת: \n\"טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לָךְ\", תָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ; \n\"שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינָךְ\", יַעֲשׁוּ דֶרֶךְ בַּקָּשָׁה; \nוּ\"נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים\", \nיָפֵר עַל חֶלְקוֹ, וּתְהֵא מְשַׁמְּשַׁתּוּ, \nוּתְהֵא נְטוּלָה מִן הַיְּהוּדִים. \n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2114d6e17cd2dc8f4a91497062ec45d7a012de4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "כל כנויי נדרים. כנדרים. וחרמים. כחרמים. ושבועות. כשבועות. ונזירות. כנזירות. האומר לחבירו. מודרני ממך. מופרשני ממך. מרוחקני ממך. שאיני אוכל לך. שאיני טועם לך. אסור. מנודה אני לך. רבי עקיבא. היה חוכך בזה. להחמיר. כנדרי רשעים. נדר בנזיר. ובקרבן ובשבועה. כנדרי כשרים לא אמר כלום. כנדבותם. נדר בנזיר ובקרבן. ",
+ " האומר לחבירו. קונם. קונח. קונס. הרי אלו כנויין לקרבן. חרק. חרך. חרף. הרי אלו כנויין לחרם. נזיק נזיח פזיח הרי אלו כנויין לנזירות. שבותה. שקוקה. נדר במותא. הרי אלו כנויין לשבועה: ",
+ "האומר לא חולין לא אוכל לך לא כשר ולא דכי. טהור וטמא. נותר. ופגול. אסור. כאימרא. כדירין. כעצים. כאישים. כמזבח. כהיכל. כירושלם. נדר באחד מכל משמשי המזבח. אף על פי שלא הזכיר קרבן. הרי זה נדר בקרבן. רבי יהודה אומר האומר ירושלם לא אמר כלום: ",
+ "האומר קרבן. עולה. מנחה. חטאת. תודה שלמים. שאיני אוכל לך אסור. רבי יהודה מתיר. הקרבן. כקרבן. קרבן. שאוכל לך. אסור. לקרבן לא אוכל לך. רבי מאיר אוסר. האומר לחבירו. קונם פי המדבר עמך. ידי עושה עמך. רגלי מהלכת עמך. אסור: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "ואלו מותרין. חולין שאוכל לך. כבשר חזיר. כעבודה זרה. כעורות לבובין. כנבלות. כטריפות. כשקצים. כרמשים. כחלת אהרן וכתרומתו. מותר. האומר לאשתו הרי את עלי כאימא פותחין לו פתח ממקום אחר. שלא יקל ראשו לכך. קונם שאיני ישן. שאיני מדבר. שאיני מהלך. האומר לאשתו קונם שאיני משמשך. הרי זה בלא יחל דברו. שבועה שאיני ישן. שאיני מדבר. שאיני מהלך אסור: \n",
+ "קרבן לא אוכל לך. קרבן שאוכל לך. לא קרבן לא אוכל לך. מותר. שבועה לא אוכל לך. שבועה שאוכל לך. לא שבועה לא אוכל לך. אסור. זה חומר בשבועות מבנדרים. וחומר בנדרים מבשבועות. כיצד. אמר קונם סוכה שאני עושה. לולב שאני נוטל. תפילין שאני מניח. בנדרים אסור. בשבועות מותר. שאין נשבעין לעבור על המצות: \n",
+ "יש נדר בתוך נדר. ואין שבועה בתוך שבועה. כיצד אמר הריני נזיר אם אוכל. הריני נזיר אם אוכל. ואכל. חייב על כל אחת ואחת. שבועה שלא אוכל. שבועה שלא אוכל. ואכל. אינו חייב אלא אחת: \n",
+ "סתם נדרים להחמיר. ופירושם להקל. כיצד. אמר הרי עלי כבשר מליח. כיין נסך. אם של שמים נדר. אסור. אם של עבודה זרה נדר מותר. ואם סתם אסור. הרי עלי כחרם. אם כחרם של שמים אסור. ואם כחרם של כהנים מותר. ואם סתם. אסור. הרי עלי כמעשר. אם כמעשר בהמה נדר אסור. ואם של גורן מותר. ואם סתם אסור. הרי עלי כתרומה. אם כתרומת הלשכה נדר אסור. ואם של גורן מותר. ואם סתם אסור. דברי רבי מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר סתם תרומה ביהודה אסורה בגליל מותרת. שאין אנשי גליל מכירין את תרומת הלשכה. סתם חרמים ביהודה מותרין. ובגליל אסורין. שאין אנשי גליל מכירין את חרמי הכהנים: \n",
+ "נדר בחרם. ואמר לא נדרתי אלא בחרמו של ים. בקרבן ואמר לא נדרתי אלא בקרבנות של מלכים. הרי עצמי קרבן. ואמר לא נדרתי אלא בעצם שהנחתי לי להיות נודר בו. קונם אשתי נהנית לי ואמר לא נדרתי אלא באשתי הראשונה שגרשתי. על כולן אין נשאלים להם. ואם נשאלו עונשין אותן ומחמירין עליהן דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים. פותחין להם פתח ממקום אחר ומלמדים אותן כדי שלא ינהגו קלות ראש בנדרים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "ארבעה נדרים התירו חכמים נדרי זירוזין. ונדרי הבאי. ונדרי שגגות. ונדרי אונסים. נדרי זירוזין כיצד. היה מוכר חפץ. ואמר קונם שאיני פוחת לך מן הסלע. והלה אומר. קונם שאיני מוסיף לך על השקל. שניהן רוצין בשלשה דינרין. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. אף הרוצה להדיר את חבירו שיאכל אצלו אומר כל נדר שאני עתיד לידור הוא בטל. ובלבד שיהא זכור בשעת הנדר: ",
+ "נדרי הבאי. אמר קונם אם לא ראיתי בדרך הזה כיוצאי מצרים. אם לא ראיתי נחש כקורת בית הבד. נדרי שגגות. אם אכלתי ואם שתיתי. ונזכר שאכל ושתה. שאני אוכל ושאני שותה. ושכח ואכל ושתה. אמר קונם אשתי נהנית לי. שגנבה את כיסי. ושהכתה את בני. ונודע שלא הכתו. ונודע שלא גנבתו. ראה אותן אוכלים תאנים. ואמר הרי עליכם קרבן ונמצאו אביו ואחיו והיו עמהן אחרים. בית שמאי אומרים הן מותרין ומה שעמהן אסורין. ובית הלל אומרים אלו ואלו מותרין: ",
+ "נדרי אונסים. הדירו חבירו שיאכל אצלו וחלה הוא. או שחלה בנו. או שעכבו נהר. הרי אלו נדרי אונסין: ",
+ "נודרין להרגין. ולחרמין. ולמוכסין. שהיא תרומה. אף על פי שאינה תרומה. שהן של בית המלך. אף על פי שאינן של בית המלך. בית שמאי אומרים. בכל נודרין חוץ מבשבועה. ובית הלל אומרים אף בשבועה. בית שמאי אומרים. לא יפתח לו בנדר. ובית הלל אומרים. אף יפתח לו. בית שמאי אומרים. במה שהוא מדירו. ובית הלל אומרים. אף במה שאינו מדירו. כיצד. אמרו לו אמור קונם אשתי נהנית לי. ואמר קונם אשתי ובני נהנין לי. בית שמאי אומרים. אשתו מותרת. ובניו אסורין. ובית הלל אומרים. אלו ואלו מותרין: ",
+ "הרי נטיעות האלו קרבן אם אינן נקצצות טלית זו קרבן אם אינה נשרפת. יש להן פדיון. הרי נטיעות האלו קרבן עד שיקצצו. טלית זו קרבן עד שתשרף. אין להם פדיון: ",
+ "הנודר מיורדי הים מותר ביושבי היבשה. מיושבי היבשה אסור ביורדי הים שיורדי הים בכלל יושבי היבשה. לא כאלו שהולכין מעכו ליפו. אלא במי שדרכו לפרש: ",
+ "הנודר מרואי החמה אסור אף בסומין. שלא נתכוין זה. אלא למי שהחמה רואה אותו: ",
+ "הנודר משחורי הראש אסור בקרחין ובעלי שיבות ומותר בנשים ובקטנים. שאין נקראין שחורי הראש אלא אנשים: ",
+ "הנודר מן הילודים. מותר בנולדים. מן הנולדים אסור בילודים. רבי מאיר מתיר אף בילודים. וחכמים אומרים לא נתכוין זה. אלא במי שדרכו להוליד: ",
+ "הנודר משובתי שבת. אסור בישראל. ואסור בכותים. מאוכלי שום אסור בישראל. ואסור בכותים. מעולי ירושלים. אסור בישראל ומותר בכותים: ",
+ "קונם שאיני נהנה לבני נח. מותר בישראל. ואסור באומות העולם. שאיני נהנה לזרע אברהם אסור בישראל. ומותר באומות העולם. שאיני נהנה לישראל. לוקח ביותר. ומוכר בפחות. שישראל נהנין לי לוקח בפחות. ומוכר ביותר אם שומעין לו. שאיני נהנה להן. והן לי. יהנה לנכרים. קונם שאיני נהנה לערלים. מותר בערלי ישראל. ואסור במולי אומות. קונם שאיני נהנה למולים. אסור בערלי ישראל. ומותר במולי עכו\"ם. שאין הערלה קרויה אלא לשם. עכו\"ם. שנא' (ירמיה ט, כה) כי כל הגוים ערלים וכל בית ישראל ערלי לב. ואומר (שמואל א' יז, לו) והיה הפלשתי הערל הזה. ואומר (שמואל ב' א, כ) פן תשמחנה בנות פלשתים. פן תעלוזנה בנות הערלים. רבי אליעזר בן עזריה אומר מאוסה ערלה שנתגנו בה הרשעים שנאמר כי כל הגוים ערלים. רבי ישמעאל אומר גדולה מילה שנכרתו עליה שלש עשרה בריתות. רבי יוסי אומר גדולה מילה שדוחה את השבת החמורה. רבי יהושע בן קרחה אומר. גדולה מילה שלא נתלה לו למשה הצדיק עליה מלא שעה. רבי נחמיה אומר גדולה מילה שדוחה את הנגעים. רבי אומר גדולה מילה שכל המצות שעשה אברהם אבינו לא נקרא שלם עד שמל שנאמר (בראשית יז, א) התהלך לפני והיה תמים. דבר אחר גדולה מילה. שאלמלא היא לא ברא הקדוש ברוך הוא את עולמו. שנאמר (ירמיה לג, כה) כה אמר ה' אם לא בריתי יומם ולילה חוקות שמים וארץ לא שמתי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "אין בין המודר הנאה מחבירו. למודר הימנו מאכל. אלא דריסת הרגל. וכלים שאין עושין בהן אוכל נפש. המודר מאכל מחבירו לא ישאילנו נפה וכברה ורחים ותנור. אבל משאיל לו חלוק. וטבעת. וטלית. ונזמים. וכל דבר שאין עושין בו אוכל נפש. מקום שמשכירין כיוצא בהן אסור: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. שוקל את שקלו. ופורע את חובו. ומחזיר לו את אבדתו. מקום שנוטלין עליה שכר. תפול הנאה להקדש: ",
+ "ותורם את תרומתו ומעשרותיו לדעתו. ומקריב עליו קיני זבין. קיני זבות. קיני יולדות. חטאות ואשמות. ומלמדו מדרש. הלכות. ואגדות. אבל לא ילמדנו מקרא. אבל מלמד הוא את בניו ואת בנותיו מקרא. וזן את אשתו ואת בניו. אף על פי שהוא חייב במזונותיהם. ולא יזון את בהמתו. בין טמאה בין טהורה. רבי אליעזר אומר. זן את הטמאה ואינו זן את הטהורה. אמרו לו מה בין טמאה לטהורה. אמר להן. שהטהורה נפשה לשמים. וגופה שלו. וטמאה נפשה וגופה לשמים. אמרו לו. אף הטמאה נפשה לשמים. וגופה שלו. שאם ירצה. הרי הוא מוכרה לעכו\"ם. או מאכילה לכלבים: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. ונכנס לבקרו. עומד. אבל לא יושב. ומרפאהו רפואת נפש. אבל לא רפואת ממון. ורוחץ עמו באמבטיא גדולה. אבל לא בקטנה. וישן עמו במטה. רבי יהודה אומר בימות החמה אבל לא בימות הגשמים. מפני שהוא מהנהו. ומיסב עמו על המטה. ואוכל עמו על השלחן. אבל לא מן התמחוי. אבל אוכל הוא עמו מן התמחוי החוזר. לא יאכל עמו מן האבוס. שלפני הפועלים. ולא יעשה עמו באומן. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים. עושה הוא ברחוק ממנו: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. לפני שביעית. לא יורד לתוך שדהו. ואינו אוכל מן הנוטות. ובשביעית. אינו יורד לתוך שדהו אבל אוכל הוא מן הנוטות. נדר הימנו מאכל לפני שביעית יורד לתוך שדהו. ואינו אוכל מן הפירות. ובשביעית. יורד ואוכל: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו לא ישאילנו ולא ישאל ממנו. לא ילונו ולא ילוה ממנו. ולא ימכור לו ולא יקח ממנו. אמר לו השאילני פרתך. אמר לו אינה פנויה. אמר קונם שדי שאני חורש בה לעולם. אם היה דרכו לחרוש. הוא אסור. וכל אדם מותרין. אם אין דרכו לחרוש. הוא וכל אדם אסורין: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. ואין לו מה יאכל. הולך אצל החנוני. ואומר איש פלוני מודר ממני הנאה. ואיני יודע מה אעשה. והוא נותן לו. ובא ונוטל מזה. היה ביתו לבנות. גדרו לגדור. שדהו לקצור. הולך אצל הפועלים. ואומר איש פלוני מודר ממני הנאה. ואיני יודע מה אעשה. הם עושין עמו ובאין ונוטלין שכר מזה: ",
+ "היו מהלכין בדרך. ואין לו מה יאכל. נותן לאחר לשום מתנה. והלה מותר בה. אם אין עמהם אחר מניח על הסלע. או על הגדר. ואומר הרי הן מופקרים לכל מי שיחפוץ. והלה נוטל ואוכל. ורבי יוסי אוסר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "השותפין שנדרו הנאה זה מזה. אסורין ליכנס לחצר. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. זה נכנס לתוך שלו. וזה נכנס לתוך שלו. ושניהם אסורים להעמיד שם רחים. ותנור. ולגדל תרנגולים. היה אחד מהם מודר הנאה מחבירו. לא יכנס לחצר. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. יכול הוא לומר לו לתוך שלי אני נכנס. ואיני נכנס לתוך שלך. וכופין את הנודר. למכור את חלקו: ",
+ "היה אחד מן השוק. מודר באחד מהם הנאה. לא יכנס לחצר. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. יכול לומר לו. לתוך של חברך אני נכנס. ואיני נכנס לתוך שלך: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. ויש לו מרחץ ובית הבד מושכרים בעיר. אם יש לו בהן תפיסת יד. אסור. אין לו בהן תפיסת יד. מותר. האומר לחבירו קונם לביתך שאני נכנס. ושדך שאני לוקח. מת או שמכרו לאחר. מותר. קונם לבית זה שאני נכנס שדה זו שאני לוקח. מת או שמכרו לאחר אסור. ",
+ "הריני עליך חרם. המודר אסור. הרי את עלי חרם. הנודר אסור. הריני עליך. ואת עלי. שניהם אסורין. ושניהם מותרין בדבר של עולי בבל. ואסורין בדבר של אותה העיר: ",
+ "ואיזהו דבר של עולי בבל. כגון הר הבית. והעזרות. והבור שבאמצע הדרך. ואיזהו דבר של אותה העיר. כגון הרחבה. והמרחץ. ובית הכנסת. והתיבה. והספרים. והכותב חלקו לנשיא רבי יהודה אומר אחד כותב לנשיא. ואחד כותב להדיוט. מה בין כותב לנשיא. לכותב להדיוט. שהכותב לנשיא אין צריך לזכות. וחכמים אומרים. אחד זה. ואחד זה. צריכין לזכות. לא דברו בנשיא. אלא בהוה. רבי יהודה אומר. אין אנשי גליל צריכין לכתוב. שכבר כתבו אבותיהם על ידיהם: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחבירו. ואין לו מה יאכל. נותנו לאחר לשום מתנה. והלה מותר בה. מעשה באחד בבית חורון שהיה אביו מודר הימנו הנאה. והיה משיא את בנו. ואמר לחברו. חצר וסעודה. נתונים לך במתנה. ואינן לפניך אלא כדי שיבא אבא. ויאכל עמנו בסעודה. אמר לו אם שלי הם הרי הם מוקדשין לשמים. אמר לו לא נתתי את שלי שתקדישם לשמים. אמר לו לא נתתה לי את שלך אלא שתהא אתה ואביך אוכלים ושותים. ומתרצים זה לזה. ויהא עון תלוי בראשו. וכשבא דבר לפני חכמים אמרו כל מתנה שאינה שאם הקדישה אינה מקודשת. אינה מתנה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הנודר מן המבושל. מותר בצלי ובשלוק. אמר קונם תבשיל שאיני טועם. אסור במעשה קדירה רך ומותר בעבה. ומותר בביצת טרמיטא ובדלעת הרמוצה: \n",
+ "הנודר ממעשה קדירה אין אסור אלא ממעשה רתחתה. אמר קונם היורד לקדירה. שאיני טועם. אסור בכל המתבשלין בקדירה: \n",
+ "מן הכבוש. אין אסור אלא מן הכבוש של ירק. כבוש שאיני טועם. אסור בכל הכבושים. מן השלוק. אינו אסור אלא מן השלוק של בשר. שלוק שאיני טועם. אסור בכל השלקים. מן הצלי. אין אסור אלא מן הצלי של בשר. דברי רבי יהודה. צלי שאיני טועם. אסור בכל הצלויים. מן המליח. אין אסור אלא מן המליח של דג. מליח שאיני טועם. אסור בכל המלוחים: \n",
+ "דג דגים. שאיני טועם אסור בהן. בין גדולים בין קטנים. בין מלוחין. בין טפלין. בין חיין בין מבושלין. ומותר בטרית טרופה. ובציר. הנודר מן הצחנה. אסור בטרית טרופה. ומותר בציר. ובמורייס. הנודר מטרית טרופה. אסור בציר ובמורייס: \n",
+ "הנודר מן החלב. מותר בקום. ורבי יוסי אוסר. מן הקום. מותר בחלב. אבא שאול אומר. הנודר מן הגבינה אסור בה. בין מלוחה. בין טפילה: \n",
+ "הנודר מן הבשר. מותר ברוטב. ובקיפה. ור' יהודה אוסר. אמר ר' יהודה מעשה ואסר עלי. רבי טרפון ביצים שנתבשלו עמו. אמרו לו וכן הדבר. אימתי בזמן שיאמר בשר זה עלי. שהנודר מן הדבר. ונתערב באחר. אם יש בו בנותן טעם אסור: \n",
+ "הנודר מן היין. מותר בתבשיל שיש בו טעם יין. אמר קונם יין זה שאיני טועם ונפל לתבשיל אם יש בו בנותן טעם. הרי זה אסור. הנודר מן הענבים מותר ביין. מן הזיתים. מותר בשמן. אמר קונם זיתים וענבים אלו. שאיני טועם. אסור בהן. וביוצא מהן: \n",
+ "הנודר מן התמרים. מותר בדבש תמרים. מסתוניות. מותר בחומץ סתוניות. רבי יהודה בן בתירא אומר. כל ששם תולדתו קרויה עליו ונודר הימנו אסור אף ביוצא הימנו. וחכמים מתירין: \n",
+ "הנודר מן היין. מותר ביין תפוחים. מן השמן. מותר בשמן שומשמין. מן הדבש. מותר בדבש תמרים. מן החומץ. מותר בחומץ סתוניות. מן הכרישין. מותר בקפלוטות. מן הירק. מותר בירקות השדה מפני שהוא שם לווי: \n",
+ "מן הכרוב. אסור באיספרגוס. מן האיספרגוס. מותר בכרוב. מן הגריסים. אסור מן המקפה. ורבי יוסי מתיר. מן המקפה. מותר בגריסין. מן המקפה. אסור בשום. ורבי יוסי מתיר. מן השום מותר במקפה. מן העדשים. אסור באשישין. ורבי יוסי מתיר. מן האשישים. מותר בעדשים. חטה חטים שאיני טועם. אסור בהן. בין קמח. בין פת. גריס גריסין. שאיני טועם. אסור בהן. בין חיין. בין מבושלים. רבי יהודה אומר קונם גריס. או חטה שאיני טועם מותר לכוס חיים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הנודר מן הירק. מותר בדלועין. ורבי עקיבא אוסר. אמרו לו לרבי עקיבא. והלא אומר אדם לשלוחו. קח לי ירק. והוא אומר לא מצאתי אלא דלועין. אמר להם כן הדבר. או שמא אומר הוא לו. לא מצאתי אלא קטנית. אלא שהדלועין בכלל ירק וקטנית אינן בכלל ירק. ואסור בפול המצרי לח. ומותר ביבש: ",
+ "הנודר מן הדגן. אסור בפול המצרי יבש. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים אינו אסור אלא בחמשת המינין. ר' מאיר אומר הנודר מן התבואה. אינו אסור אלא מחמשת המינין. אבל הנודר מן הדגן. אסור בכל. ומותר בפירות האילן. ובירק: ",
+ "הנודר מן הכסות. מותר בשק. ביריעה ובחמילה. אמר קונם צמר עולה עלי. מותר להתכסות בגיזי צמר. פשתן עולה עלי. מותר להתכסות באניצי פשתן. רבי יהודה אומר הכל לפי הנודר. טען והזיע. והיה ריחו קשה. אמר קונם צמר ופשתים עולה עלי. מותר להתכסות ואסור להפשיל לאחוריו: ",
+ "הנודר מן הבית מותר בעלייה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים. עלייה בכלל הבית. הנודר מן העלייה. מותר בבית: ",
+ "הנודר מן המטה מותר בדרגש. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים דרגש בכלל מטה. הנודר מן הדרגש מותר במטה. הנודר מן העיר. מותר ליכנס לתחומה של עיר. ואסור ליכנס לעיבורה. אבל הנודר מן הבית. אסור מן האגף ולפנים: ",
+ "קונם פירות האלו עלי. קונם הן על פי. קונם הן לפי. אסור בחלופיהן ובגדוליהן. שאני אוכל ושאני טועם. מותר בחלופיהן ובגדוליהן. בדבר שזרעו כלה. אבל בדבר שאין זרעו כלה. אפילו גדולי גדולין אסורין: ",
+ "האומר לאשתו קונם מעשה ידיך עלי. קונם הן על פי. קונם הן לפי. אסור בחילופיהן ובגידוליהן. שאיני אוכל. שאיני טועם. מותר בחילופיהן. ובגידוליהן בדבר שזרעו כלה. אבל בדבר שאין זרעו כלה. אפילו גדולי גדולין אסורים: ",
+ "שאת עושה איני אוכל עד הפסח. שאת עושה איני מתכסה עד הפסח. עשתה לפני הפסח מותר לאכול ולהתכסות אחר הפסח. שאת עושה עד הפסח איני אוכל. ושאת עושה עד הפסח איני מתכסה. עשתה לפני הפסח אסור לאכול. ולהתכסות אחר הפסח: ",
+ "שאת נהנית לי עד הפסח. אם תלכי לבית אביך עד החג. הלכה לפני הפסח. אסורה בהנאתו עד הפסח. אחר הפסח בלא יחל דברו שאת נהנית לי עד החג. אם תלכי לבית אביך עד הפסח. והלכה לפני הפסח אסורה בהנאתו עד החג. ומותרת לילך אחר הפסח: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "קונם יין שאני טועם היום. אינו אסור אלא עד שתחשך. שבת זו אסור בכל השבת ושבת שעברה. חדש זה אסור בכל החדש וראש חדש להבא. שנה זו. אסור בכל השנה וראש השנה לעתיד לבוא. שבוע זה אסור בכל השבוע ושביעית שעברה. ואם אמר יום אחד. שבת אחת. חדש אחד. שנה אחת. שבוע אחד. אסור מיום ליום: ",
+ "עד הפסח. אסור עד שיגיע. עד שיהא אסור עד שיצא. עד לפני הפסח. רבי מאיר אומר. אסור עד שיגיע. רבי יוסי אומר. אסור עד שיצא: ",
+ "עד הקציר. עד הבציר. עד המסיק. אינו אסור אלא עד שיגיע. זה הכלל. כל שזמנו קבוע. ואמר עד שיגיע. אסור עד שיגיע. אמר עד שיהא אסור עד שיצא. וכל שאין זמנו קבוע. בין אמר עד שיהא. בין אמר עד שיגיע. אינו אסור אלא עד שיגיע: ",
+ "עד הקיץ. עד שיהא הקיץ. עד שיתחילו העם להכניס בכלכלות. עד שיעבור הקיץ. עד שיקפלו המקצועות. עד הקציר. עד שיתחיל העם לקצור. קציר חטין. אבל לא קציר שעורים הכל לפי מקום נדרו. אם היה בהר. בהר. ואם היה בבקעה. בבקעה: ",
+ "עד הגשמים. עד שיהיו הגשמים. עד שתרד רביעה שניה. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר עד שיגיע זמנה של רביעה. עד שיפסקו גשמים. עד שיצא ניסן כולו. דברי רבי מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר. עד שיעבור הפסח. קונם יין שאיני טועם השנה. נתעברה השנה. אסור בה. ובעיבורה. עד ראש אדר עד ראש אדר הראשון. עד סוף אדר. עד סוף אדר הראשון. רבי יהודה אומר קונם יין שאיני טועם. עד שיהא הפסח. אינו אסור אלא עד ליל הפסח. שלא נתכוון זה אלא עד שעה שדרך בני אדם לשתות יין: ",
+ "אמר קונם בשר שאיני טועם עד שיהא הצום. אינו אסור אלא עד לילי צום. שלא נתכוון זה אלא עד שעה שדרך בני אדם לאכול בשר. רבי יוסי בנו אומר. קונם שום שאיני טועם. עד שתהא שבת. אינו אסור אלא עד לילי שבת. שלא נתכוון זה אלא עד שעה שדרך בני אדם לאכול שום: ",
+ "האומר לחבירו קונם שאני נהנה לך. אם אין אתה בא ונוטל לבניך כור אחד של חטין. ושתי חביות של יין. הרי זה יכול להפר את נדרו שלא על פי חכם. ויאמר לו כלום אמרת אלא מפני כבודי. זהו כבודי. וכן האומר לחבירו קונם שאתה נהנה לי אם אין אתה בא ונותן לבני כור אחד של חטין. ושתי חביות של יין. רבי מאיר אומר אסור עד שיתן. וחכמים אומרים אף זה יכול להפר את נדרו שלא על פי חכם. ויאמר לו הרי אני כאילו התקבלתי. היו מסרבין בו לשאת בת אחותו. ואמר קונם שהיא נהנית לי לעולם. וכן המגרש את אשתו ואמר קונם אשתי נהנית לי לעולם. הרי אלו מותרות להנות לו. שלא נתכוון זה אלא לשום אישות. היה מסרב בחבירו שיאכל אצלו אמר קונם לביתך שאיני נכנס. טיפת צונן שאיני טועם לך. מותר ליכנס לביתו. ולשתות ממנו צונן שלא נתכוון זה. אלא לשום אכילה ושתיה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי אליעזר אומר. פותחין לאדם בכבוד אביו ואמו. וחכמים אוסרין. אמר רבי צדוק. עד שפותחין לו בכבוד אביו ואמו. יפתחו לו בכבוד המקום. אם כן אין נדרים. ומודים חכמים לרבי אליעזר. בדבר שבינו לבין אביו ואמו. שפותחין לו בכבוד אביו ואמו: ",
+ "ועוד אמר רבי אליעזר. פותחין בנולד. וחכמים אוסרין. כיצד אמר קונם שאיני נהנה לאיש פלוני. ונעשה סופר. או שהיה משיא את בנו בקרוב. ואמר אילו הייתי יודע שהוא נעשה סופר. או שהיה משיא את בנו בקרוב. לא הייתי נודר. קונם לבית זה שאיני נכנס. ונעשה בית הכנסת. אמר אילו הייתי יודע שהוא נעשה בית הכנסת לא הייתי נודר רבי אליעזר מתיר. וחכמים אוסרין: ",
+ "רבי מאיר אומר. יש דברים שהן כנולד. ואינן כנולד ואין חכמים מודים לו. כיצד. אמר קונם שאיני נושא את פלונית שאביה רע. אמרו לו מת. או שעשה תשובה. קונם לבית זה שאיני נכנס שהכלב רע בתוכו. או שהנחש בתוכו. אמרו לו מת הכלב. או שנהרג הנחש. הרי הן כנולד. ואינן כנולד. ואין חכמים מודים לו: ",
+ "ועוד אמר רבי מאיר. פותחין לו מן הכתוב שבתורה. ואומרים לו אילו היית יודע שאתה עובר על לא תקום ועל לא תטור (ויקרא יט, יז). ועל לא תשנא את אחיך בלבבך (שם). ואהבת לרעך כמוך (ויקרא יט, יח). וחי אחיך עמך (ויקרא כה, לו) שמא יעני ואין אתה יכול לפרנסו. אמר אילו הייתי יודע שהוא כן. לא הייתי נודר. הרי זה מותר: ",
+ "פותחין לאדם בכתובת אשתו. ומעשה באחד שנדר מאשתו הנאה. והיתה כתובתה ארבע מאות דינרין. ובא לפני רבי עקיבא. וחייבו ליתן לה כתובתה. אמר לו. רבי שמנה מאות דינרין הניח אבא. ונטל אחי ארבע מאות. ואני ארבע מאות. לא דיה שתטול היא מאתים. ואני מאתים. אמר לו רבי עקיבא. אפילו אתה מוכר שער ראשך. אתה נותן לה כתובתה. אמר לו אילו הייתי יודע שהוא כן. לא הייתי נודר והתירה רבי עקיבא: ",
+ "פותחין בימים טובים. ובשבתות. בראשונה היו אומרים. אותן הימים מותרין. ושאר כל הימים אסורין. עד שבא רבי עקיבא ולימד. שהנדר שהותר מקצתו. הותר כולו: ",
+ "כיצד. אמר קונם שאיני נהנה לכולכם. הותר אחד מהן הותרו כולן. שאיני נהנה לזה. ולזה. הותר הראשון. הותרו כולן. הותר האחרון האחרון מותר. וכולן אסורין. הותר האמצעי. הימנו ולמטה מותר. הימנו ולמעלה אסור. שאיני נהנה לזה קרבן. ולזה קרבן. צריכין פתח לכל אחד ואחד: ",
+ "קונם יין שאיני טועם. שהיין רע למעים אמרו לו והלא המיושן יפה למעים. הותר במיושן. ולא במיושן בלבד הותר. אלא בכל היין. קונם בצל שאיני טועם שהבצל רע ללב. אמרו לו הלא הכופרי. יפה ללב. הותר בכופרי. ולא בכופרי בלבד הותר אלא בכל הבצלים. מעשה היה. והתירו רבי מאיר בכל הבצלים: ",
+ "פותחין לאדם בכבוד עצמו. ובכבוד בניו. אומרים לו אילו היית יודע שלמחר אומרין עליך. כך היא ווסתו של פלוני. מגרש את נשיו. ועל בנותיך. יהיו אומרין בנות גרושות הן. מה ראתה אמן של אלו להתגרש. ואמר אילו הייתי יודע שכן. לא הייתי נודר. הרי זה מותר: ",
+ "קונם שאיני נושא את פלונית כעורה. והרי היא נאה. שחורה. והרי היא לבנה. קצרה. והרי היא ארוכה. מותר בה. לא מפני שהיא כעורה. ונעשית נאה. שחורה. ונעשית לבנה. קצרה ונעשית ארוכה. אלא שהנדר טעות. ומעשה באחד שנדר מבת אחותו הנייה. והכניסוה לבית רבי ישמעאל וייפוה. אמר לו רבי ישמעאל בני לזו נדרת. אמר לו לאו. והתירו רבי ישמעאל. באותה שעה בכה רבי ישמעאל ואמר בנות ישראל נאות הן אלא שהעניות מנוולתן. וכשמת רבי ישמעאל היו בנות ישראל נושאות קינה ואומרות בנות ישראל אל רבי ישמעאל בכינה. וכן הוא אומר בשאול (שמואל ב' א, כד) בנות ישראל אל שאול בכינה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "נערה המאורסה. אביה. ובעלה מפירין נדריה. הפר האב ולא הפר הבעל. הפר הבעל ולא הפר האב. אינו מופר. ואין צריך לומר שקיים אחד מהן: ",
+ "מת האב לא נתרוקנה רשות לבעל. מת הבעל נתרוקנה רשות לאב. בזה יפה כח האב מכח הבעל. בדבר אחר יפה כח הבעל מכח האב. שהבעל מיפר בבגר והאב אינו מיפר בבגר: ",
+ "נדרה והיא ארוסה. נתגרשה בו ביום נתארסה בו ביום אפילו למאה. אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה. זה הכלל. כל שלא יצאת לרשות עצמה שעה אחת. אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה. ",
+ "דרך תלמידי חכמים עד שלא היתה בתו יוצאה מאצלו אומר לה כל נדרים שנדרת בתוך ביתי הרי הן מופרין. וכן הבעל עד שלא תכנס לרשותו אומר לה כל נדרים שנדרת עד שלא תכנסי לרשותי הרי הן מופרין. שמשתכנס לרשותו אינו יכול להפר: ",
+ "בוגרת ששהתה שנים עשר חדש ואלמנה שלשים יום. רבי אליעזר אומר הואיל ובעלה חייב במזונותיה יפר. וחכמים אומרים אין הבעל מיפר עד שתכנס לרשותו: ",
+ "שומרת יבם. בין ליבם אחד בין לשני יבמין. רבי אליעזר אומר יפר. רבי יהושע אומר לאחד. אבל לא לשנים. רבי עקיבא אומר לא לאחד ולא לשנים. אמר רבי אליעזר מה אם אשה שקנה הוא לעצמו. הרי הוא מיפר נדריה. אשה שהקנו לו מן השמים. אינו דין שיפר נדריה. אמר לו רבי עקיבא לא. אם אמרת באשה שקנה הוא לעצמו. שאין לאחרים בה רשות. תאמר באשה שהקנו לו מן השמים שיש לאחרים בה רשות. אמר לו רבי יהושע. עקיבא דבריך בשני יבמין. מה אתה משיב על יבם אחד. אמר לו אין היבמה גמורה ליבם כשם שהארוסה גמורה לאישה: ",
+ "האומר לאשתו כל הנדרים שתדורי מכאן עד שאבא ממקום פלוני. הרי הן קיימין. לא אמר כלום. הרי הן מופרין. רבי אליעזר אומר מופר. וחכמים אומרים אינו מופר. אמר רבי אליעזר אם הפר נדרים שבאו לכלל איסור. לא יפר נדרים שלא באו לכלל איסור. אמרו לו הרי הוא אומר (במדבר ל, יד) אישה יקימנו. ואישה יפרנו. את שבא לכלל הקם. בא לכלל הפר. לא בא לכלל הקם. לא בא לכלל הפר: ",
+ "הפרת נדרים כל היום. יש בדבר להקל ולהחמיר כיצד. נדרה בלילי שבת יפר בלילי שבת וביום השבת עד שתחשך. נדרה עם חשכה מפר עד שלא תחשך. שאם חשכה ולא הפר אינו יכול להפר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "ואלו נדרים שהוא מפר. דברים שיש בהם ענוי נפש. אם ארחץ ואם לא ארחץ. אם אתקשט ואם לא אתקשט. אמר רבי יוסי אין אלו נדרי ענוי נפש: ",
+ "ואלו הם נדרי ענוי נפש. אמרה קונם פירות העולם עלי הרי זה יכול להפר. פירות מדינה עלי יביא לה ממדינה אחרת. פירות חנוני זה עלי אינו יכול להפר. ואם לא היתה פרנסתו אלא ממנו הרי זה יפר דברי רבי יוסי: ",
+ "קונם שאיני נהנה לבריות אינו יכול להפר. ויכולה היא להנות בלקט ובשכחה ובפיאה. קונם כהנים ולוים נהנים לי יטלו על כרחו. כהנים אלו ולוים אלו נהנים לי יטלו אחרים: ",
+ "קונם שאיני עושה על פי אבא. ועל פי אביך. ועל פי אחי. ועל פי אחיך. אינו יכול להפר. שאיני עושה על פיך אינו צריך להפר. רבי עקיבא אומר יפר שמא תעדיף עליו יותר מן הראוי לו. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר יפר שמא יגרשנה ותהי אסורה עליו: ",
+ "נדרה אשתו וסבור שנדרה בתו. נדרה בתו וסבור שנדרה אשתו. נדרה בנזיר וסבור שנדרה בקרבן. נדרה בקרבן וסבור שנדרה בנזיר. נדרה מן התאנים וסבור שנדרה מן הענבים. נדרה מן הענבים וסבור שנדרה מן התאנים. הרי זה יחזור ויפר: ",
+ "אמרה קונם תאנים וענבים אלו. שאיני טועמת. קיים לתאנים. כולו קיים. הפר לתאנים. אינו מופר. עד שיפר אף לענבים. אמרה קונם תאנים. שאיני טועמת. וענבים שאיני טועמת. הרי אלו שני נדרים: ",
+ "יודע אני שיש נדרים. אבל איני יודע שיש מפירין. יפר. יודע אני שיש מפירין. אבל איני יודע שזה נדר. רבי מאיר אומר לא יפר. וחכמים אומרים. יפר: ",
+ "המודר הנאה מחתנו. והוא רוצה לתת לבתו מעות. אומר לה. הרי המעות האלו נתונים לך במתנה. ובלבד שלא יהא לבעליך רשות בהן. אלא מה שאת נושאת ונותנת בפיך: ",
+ "ונדר אלמנה וגרושה יקום עליה (במדבר ל, י). כיצד. אמרה הריני נזירה לאחר שלשים יום. אף על פי שנשאת בתוך שלשים יום. אינו יכול להפר. נדרה והיא ברשות הבעל מפר לה. כיצד. אמרה הריני נזירה לאחר שלשים אף על פי שנתאלמנה. או נתגרשה בתוך שלשים. הרי זה מופר. נדרה בו ביום. נתגרשה בו ביום. החזירה בו ביום. אינו יכול להפר. זה הכלל כל שיצאת לרשות עצמה שעה אחת. אינו יכול להפר: ",
+ "תשע נערות נדריהן קיימין. בוגרת והיא יתומה. נערה ובגרה והיא יתומה. נערה שלא בגרה והיא יתומה. בוגרת ומת אביה. נערה בוגרת ומת אביה. נערה שלא בגרה ומת אביה. נערה שמת אביה. ומשמת אביה בגרה. בוגרת ואביה קיים. נערה בוגרת ואביה קיים. רבי יהודה אומר אף המשיא בתו הקטנה. ונתאלמנה. או נתגרשה וחזרה אצלו. עדיין היא נערה: ",
+ "קונם שאיני נהנית לאבא ולאביך. אם עושה אני על פיך. שאיני נהנית לך. אם עושה אני על פי אבא. ועל פי אביך. הרי זה יפר: ",
+ "בראשונה היו אומרים שלש נשים יוצאות ונוטלות כתובה. האומרת טמאה אני לך. שמים ביני לבינך. נטולה אני מן היהודים. חזרו לומר שלא תהא אשה נותנת עיניה באחר. ומקלקלת על בעלה. אלא האומרת טמאה אני לך. תביא ראיה לדבריה. שמים ביני לבינך. יעשו דרך בקשה. נטולה אני מן היהודים יפר חלקו. ותהא משמשתו. ותהא נטולה מן היהודים: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..735c4d12d0237c58410b5fb2a0dedfc6ed6119e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "כָּל כִּנּוּיֵי נְדָרִים כִּנְדָרִים, וַחֲרָמִים כַּחֲרָמִים, וּשְׁבוּעוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת, וּנְזִירוּת כִּנְזִירוּת. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מֻדָּרְנִי מִמְּךָ, מֻפְרָשְׁנִי מִמְּךָ, מְרֻחָקְנִי מִמְּךָ, שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, אָסוּר. מְנֻדֶּה אֲנִי לָךְ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הָיָה חוֹכֵךְ בָּזֶה לְהַחֲמִיר. כְּנִדְרֵי רְשָׁעִים, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר, וּבְקָרְבָּן, וּבִשְׁבוּעָה. כְּנִדְרֵי כְשֵׁרִים, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. כְּנִדְבוֹתָם, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר וּבְקָרְבָּן: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם קוֹנָח, קוֹנָס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְקָרְבָּן. חֵרֶק חֵרֶךְ, חֵרֵף, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְחֵרֶם. נָזִיק נָזִיחַ, פָּזִיחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִנְזִירוּת. שְׁבוּתָה, שְׁקוּקָה, נָדַר בְּמוֹתָא, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִשְׁבוּעָה: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לֹא חֻלִּין לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא כָשֵׁר, וְלֹא דְכֵי, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא, נוֹתָר, וּפִגּוּל, אָסוּר. כְּאִמְּרָא, כַּדִּירִין, כָּעֵצִים, כָּאִשִּׁים, כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ, כַּהֵיכָל, כִּירוּשָׁלָיִם, נָדַר בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר קָרְבָּן, הֲרֵי זֶה נָדַר בְּקָרְבָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, קָרְבָּן, עוֹלָה, מִנְחָה, חַטָּאת, תּוֹדָה, שְׁלָמִים שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. הַקָּרְבָּן, כְּקָרְבָּן, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, אָסוּר. לְקָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם פִּי הַמְדַבֵּר עִמָּךְ, יָדִי עוֹשָׂה עִמָּךְ, רַגְלִי מְהַלֶּכֶת עִמָּךְ, אָסוּר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "וְאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. חֻלִּין שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, כִּבְשַׂר חֲזִיר, כַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, כְּעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין, כִּנְבֵלוֹת, כִּטְרֵפוֹת, כִּשְׁקָצִים, כִּרְמָשִׂים, כְּחַלַּת אַהֲרֹן וְכִתְרוּמָתוֹ, מֻתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי כְּאִמָּא, פּוֹתְחִין לוֹ פֶתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, שֶׁלֹּא יָקֵל רֹאשׁוֹ לְכָךְ. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן, שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ, הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מְשַׁמְּשֵׁךְ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן, שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, מֻתָּר. שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, אָסוּר. זֶה חֹמֶר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. וְחֹמֶר בַּנְּדָרִים מִבַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת, כֵּיצַד, אָמַר, קוֹנָם סֻכָּה שֶׁאֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה, לוּלָב שֶׁאֲנִי נוֹטֵל, תְּפִלִּין שֶׁאֲנִי מֵנִיחַ, בַּנְּדָרִים אָסוּר, בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מֻתָּר, שֶׁאֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין לַעֲבֹר עַל הַמִּצְוֹת: \n",
+ "יֵשׁ נֶדֶר בְּתוֹךְ נֶדֶר, וְאֵין שְׁבוּעָה בְּתוֹךְ שְׁבוּעָה. כֵּיצַד, אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל, וְאָכַל, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל, שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל, וְאָכַל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת: \n",
+ "סְתָם נְדָרִים לְהַחְמִיר, וּפֵרוּשָׁם לְהָקֵל. כֵּיצַד, אָמַר הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּבָשָׂר מָלִיחַ, כְּיֵין נֶסֶךְ, אִם שֶׁל שָׁמַיִם נָדַר, אָסוּר. אִם שֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה נָדַר, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּחֵרֶם, אִם כְּחֵרֶם שֶׁל שָׁמַיִם, אָסוּר. וְאִם כְּחֵרֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּמַעֲשֵׂר, אִם כְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה נָדַר, אָסוּר. וְאִם שֶׁל גֹּרֶן, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כִּתְרוּמָה, אִם כִּתְרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה נָדַר, אָסוּר. וְאִם שֶׁל גֹּרֶן, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, סְתָם תְּרוּמָה בִּיהוּדָה אֲסוּרָה, בַּגָּלִיל מֻתֶּרֶת, שֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת תְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה. סְתָם חֲרָמִים, בִּיהוּדָה מֻתָּרִין, וּבַגָּלִיל אֲסוּרִין, שֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת חֶרְמֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
+ "נָדַר בְּחֵרֶם וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְחֶרְמוֹ שֶׁל יָם. בְּקָרְבָּן, וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְקָרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁל מְלָכִים. הֲרֵי עַצְמִי קָרְבָּן, וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְעֶצֶם שֶׁהִנַּחְתִּי לִי לִהְיוֹת נוֹדֵר בּוֹ. קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, וְאָמַר לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְאִשְׁתִּי הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁגֵּרַשְׁתִּי, עַל כֻּלָּן אֵין נִשְׁאָלִים לָהֶם. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ, עוֹנְשִׁין אוֹתָן וּמַחְמִירִין עֲלֵיהֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹתְחִין לָהֶם פֶּתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, וּמְלַמְּדִים אוֹתָן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִנְהֲגוּ קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ בַּנְּדָרִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים, נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, וְנִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, וְנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, וְנִדְרֵי אֳנָסִים. נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, כֵּיצַד. הָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ וְאָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי פוֹחֵת לְךָ מִן הַסֶּלַע, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מוֹסִיף לְךָ עַל הַשֶּׁקֶל, שְׁנֵיהֶן רוֹצִין בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרוֹצֶה לְהַדִּיר אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לִדֹּר הוּא בָטֵל, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא זָכוּר בִּשְׁעַת הַנֶּדֶר: \n",
+ "נִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, אָמַר, קוֹנָם אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי בַדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה כְיוֹצְאֵי מִצְרָיִם, אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי נָחָשׁ כְּקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבָּד. נִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, אִם אָכָלְתִּי וְאִם שָׁתִיתִי, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֲנִי שׁוֹתֶה, וְשָׁכַח וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. אָמַר, קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, שֶׁגָּנְבָה אֶת כִּיסִי וְשֶׁהִכְּתָה אֶת בְּנִי, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא הִכַּתּוּ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא גְנָבָתּוּ. רָאָה אוֹתָן אוֹכְלִים תְּאֵנִים וְאָמַר, הֲרֵי עֲלֵיכֶם קָרְבָּן, וְנִמְצְאוּ אָבִיו וְאֶחָיו, וְהָיוּ עִמָּהֶן אֲחֵרִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֵן מֻתָּרִין וּמַה שֶּׁעִמָּהֶן אֲסוּרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "נִדְרֵי אֳנָסִים, הִדִּירוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, וְחָלָה הוּא אוֹ שֶׁחָלָה בְנוֹ אוֹ שֶׁעִכְּבוֹ נָהָר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי אֳנָסִין: \n",
+ "נוֹדְרִין לָהֳרָגִין וְלָחֳרָמִין וְלַמּוֹכְסִין שֶׁהִיא תְרוּמָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָהּ תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן שֶׁל בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בַּכֹּל נוֹדְרִין, חוּץ מִבִּשְׁבוּעָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף בִּשְׁבוּעָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִפְתַּח לוֹ בְנֶדֶר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף יִפְתַּח לוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מַדִּירוֹ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּמַה שֶּׁאֵינוֹ מַדִּירוֹ. כֵּיצַד, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֱמוֹר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, וְאָמַר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי וּבָנַי נֶהֱנִין לִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת וּבָנָיו אֲסוּרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָן נִקְצָצוֹת, טַלִּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׂרֶפֶת, יֵשׁ לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁיִּקָּצְצוּ, טַלִּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׂרֵף, אֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, מֻתָּר בְּיוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה. מִיּוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה, אָסוּר בְּיוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, שֶׁיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם בִּכְלָל יוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה. לֹא כָאֵלּוּ שֶׁהוֹלְכִין מֵעַכּוֹ לְיָפוֹ, אֶלָּא בְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְפָרֵשׁ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מֵרוֹאֵי הַחַמָּה, אָסוּר אַף בַּסּוּמִין, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁהַחַמָּה רוֹאָה אוֹתוֹ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִשְּׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ, אָסוּר בַּקֵּרְחִין וּבְבַעֲלֵי שֵׂיבוֹת, וּמֻתָּר בַּנָּשִׁים וּבַקְּטַנִּים, שֶׁאֵין נִקְרָאִין שְׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ אֶלָּא אֲנָשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיִּלּוֹדִים, מֻתָּר בַּנּוֹלָדִים. מִן הַנּוֹלָדִים, אָסוּר בַּיִּלּוֹדִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר מַתִּיר אַף בַּיִּלּוֹדִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא בְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהוֹלִיד: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִשּׁוֹבְתֵי שַׁבָּת, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. מֵאוֹכְלֵי שׁוּם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. מֵעוֹלֵי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בַּכּוּתִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לִבְנֵי נֹחַ, מֻתָּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בְּאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְזֶרַע אַבְרָהָם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בְּאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לוֹקֵחַ בְּיוֹתֵר וּמוֹכֵר בְּפָחוֹת. שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נֶהֱנִין לִי, לוֹקֵחַ בְּפָחוֹת וּמוֹכֵר בְּיוֹתֵר, אִם שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָהֶן וְהֵן לִי, יְהַנֶּה לַנָּכְרִים. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָעֲרֵלִים, מֻתָּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בְּמוּלֵי הַגּוֹיִם. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לַמּוּלִים, אָסוּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בְּמוּלֵי הַגּוֹיִם, שֶׁאֵין הָעָרְלָה קְרוּיָה אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם הַגּוֹיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ט) כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים וְכָל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַרְלֵי לֵב, וְאוֹמֵר (שמואל א יז) וְהָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הֶעָרֵל הַזֶּה, וְאוֹמֵר (שמואל ב א) פֶּן תִּשְׂמַחְנָה בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים, פֶּן תַּעֲלֹזְנָה בְּנוֹת הָעֲרֵלִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, מְאוּסָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּנּוּ בָהּ הָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה שֶׁנִּכְרְתוּ עָלֶיהָ שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה בְרִיתוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁדּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת הַחֲמוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְלָה לוֹ לְמֹשֶׁה הַצַדִּיק עָלֶיהָ מְלֹא שָׁעָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁדּוֹחָה אֶת הַנְּגָעִים. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ לֹא נִקְרָא שָׁלֵם, עַד שֶׁמָּל, שֶׁנֱּאֶמַר (בראשית יז), הִתְהַלֵּךְ לְפָנַי וֶהְיֵה תָמִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁאִלְמָלֵא הִיא, לֹא בָרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה לג), כֹּה אָמַר ה' אִם לֹא בְרִיתִי יוֹמָם וָלָיְלָה, חֻקּוֹת שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ לֹא שָׂמְתִּי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵין בֵּין הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לַמֻּדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל אֶלָּא דְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל וְכֵלִים שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. הַמֻּדָּר מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל מַשְׁאִיל לוֹ חָלוּק וְטַבַּעַת וְטַלִּית וּנְזָמִים, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. מְקוֹם שֶׁמַּשְׂכִּירִין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, שׁוֹקֵל אֶת שִׁקְלוֹ, וּפוֹרֵעַ אֶת חוֹבוֹ, וּמַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֶת אֲבֵדָתוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר, תִּפֹּל הֲנָאָה לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ: \n",
+ "וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא, וְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם. וְלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוֹ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּטְמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי הוּא מוֹכְרָהּ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לִכְלָבִים: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְנִכְנַס לְבַקְּרוֹ, עוֹמֵד, אֲבָל לֹא יוֹשֵׁב. וּמְרַפְּאֵהוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא רְפוּאַת מָמוֹן. וְרוֹחֵץ עִמּוֹ בְאַמְבַּטִיָא גְדוֹלָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִקְטַנָּה. וְיָשֵׁן עִמּוֹ בְמִטָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְהַנֵּהוּ. וּמֵסֵב עִמּוֹ עַל הַמִּטָּה, וְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא עִמּוֹ מִן הַתַּמְחוּי הַחוֹזֵר. לֹא יֹאכַל עִמּוֹ מִן הָאֵבוּס שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפּוֹעֲלִים, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עִמּוֹ בְאֻמָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עוֹשֶׂה הוּא בְרִחוּק מִמֶּנּוּ: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. נָדַר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּרוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִשְׁאַל מִמֶּנּוּ, לֹא יַלְוֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִלְוֶה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֹא יִמְכֹּר לוֹ וְלֹא יִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר לוֹ, הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתֶךָ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵינָהּ פְּנוּיָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם שָׂדִי שֶׁאֲנִי חוֹרֵשׁ בָּהּ לְעוֹלָם, אִם הָיָה דַרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא אָסוּר וְכָל אָדָם מֻתָּרִין. אִם אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא וְכָל אָדָם אֲסוּרִין: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַחֶנְוָנִי וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה, וְהוּא נוֹתֵן לוֹ וּבָא וְנוֹטֵל מִזֶּה. הָיָה בֵיתוֹ לִבְנוֹת, גְּדֵרוֹ לִגְדֹּר, שָׂדֵהוּ לִקְצֹר, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַפּוֹעֲלִים וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה. הֵם עוֹשִׂין עִמּוֹ, וּבָאִין וְנוֹטְלִין שָׂכָר מִזֶּה: \n",
+ "הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתֵן לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. אִם אֵין עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, מַנִּיחַ עַל הַסֶּלַע אוֹ עַל הַגָּדֵר וְאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הֵן מֻפְקָרִים לְכָל מִי שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ, וְהַלָּה נוֹטֵל וְאוֹכֵל. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁנָּדְרוּ הֲנָאָה זֶה מִזֶּה, אֲסוּרִין לִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, זֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְזֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים לְהַעֲמִיד שָׁם רֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר וּלְגַדֵּל תַּרְנְגוֹלִים. הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מֻדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי נִכְנָס וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ. וְכוֹפִין אֶת הַנּוֹדֵר לִמְכֹּר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ: \n",
+ "הָיָה אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מֻדָּר מֵאֶחָד מֵהֶם הֲנָאָה, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרְךָ אֲנִי נִכְנָס, וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, וְיֶשׁ לוֹ מֶרְחָץ וּבֵית הַבַּד מֻשְׂכָּרִים בָּעִיר, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, מֻתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס וְשָׂדְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, מֻתָּר. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס, שָׂדֶה זוֹ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם, הַמֻּדָּר אָסוּר. הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי חֵרֶם, הַנּוֹדֵר אָסוּר. הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ וְאַתְּ עָלַי, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִין. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, וַאֲסוּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר: \n",
+ "וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, כְּגוֹן הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת וְהַבּוֹר שֶׁבְּאֶמְצַע הַדֶּרֶךְ. וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, כְּגוֹן הָרְחָבָה וְהַמֶּרְחָץ, וּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַסְּפָרִים. וְהַכּוֹתֵב חֶלְקוֹ לַנָּשִׂיא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט. מַה בֵּין כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא לְכוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט, שֶׁהַכּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה צְרִיכִין לְזַכּוֹת. לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַנָּשִׂיא אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל צְרִיכִין לִכְתֹּב, שֶׁכְּבָר כָּתְבוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל יְדֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתְנוֹ לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה, וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד בְּבֵית חוֹרוֹן שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו מֻדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ הֲנָאָה, וְהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ, וְאָמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, חָצֵר וּסְעוּדָה נְתוּנִים לְךָ בְמַתָּנָה, וְאֵינָן לְפָנֶיךָ אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹא אַבָּא וְיֹאכַל עִמָּנוּ בַּסְּעוּדָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם שֶׁלִּי הֵם, הֲרֵי הֵם מֻקְדָּשִׁין לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתִּי אֶת שֶׁלִּי שֶׁתַּקְדִּישֵׁם לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתָּ לִּי אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ אֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא אַתָּה וְאָבִיךָ אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים וּמִתְרַצִּים זֶה לָזֶה, וִיהֵא עָוֹן תָּלוּי בְּרֹאשׁוֹ. וּכְשֶׁבָּא דָבָר לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ, כָּל מַתָּנָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁאִם הִקְדִּישָׁהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, אֵינָהּ מַתָּנָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמְבֻשָּׁל, מֻתָּר בַּצָּלִי וּבַשָּׁלוּק. אָמַר קוֹנָם תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּמַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה רַךְ, וּמֻתָּר בְּעָבֶה וּמֻתָּר בְּבֵיצַת טְרָמִיטָא, וּבִדְלַעַת הָרְמוּצָה: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִמַּעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִמַּעֲשֵׂה רְתַחְתָּה. אָמַר, קוֹנָם הַיּוֹרֵד לַקְּדֵרָה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין בַּקְּדֵרָה: \n",
+ "מִן הַכָּבוּשׁ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַכָּבוּשׁ שֶׁל יָרָק. כָּבוּשׁ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַכְּבוּשִׁים. מִן הַשָּׁלוּק, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַשָּׁלוּק שֶׁל בָּשָׂר. שָׁלוּק שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשְּׁלָקִים. מִן הַצָּלִי, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַצָּלִי שֶׁל בָּשָׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. צָלִי שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַצְּלוּיִים. מִן הַמָּלִיחַ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַמָּלִיחַ שֶׁל דָּג. מָלִיחַ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַמְּלוּחִים: \n",
+ "דָּג דָּגִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן, בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, בֵּין מְלוּחִין בֵּין טְפֵלִין, בֵּין חַיִּין בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִין, וּמֻתָּר בְּטָרִית טְרוּפָה וּבְצִיר. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַצַּחֲנָה, אָסוּר בְּטָרִית טְרוּפָה, וּמֻתָּר בְּצִיר וּבְמֻרְיָס. הַנּוֹדֵר מִטָּרִית טְרוּפָה, אָסוּר בְּצִיר וּבְמֻרְיָס: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הֶחָלָב, מֻתָּר בַּקּוּם. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר. מִן הַקּוּם, מֻתָּר בֶּחָלָב. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַגְּבִינָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ בֵּין מְלוּחָה בֵּין טְפֵלָה: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר, מֻתָּר בַּרֹטֶב וּבַקִּפָּה. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה וְאָסַר עָלַי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן בֵּיצִים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִמּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וְכֵן הַדָּבָר, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֹּאמַר בָּשָׂר זֶה עָלָי, שֶׁהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּבָר וְנִתְעָרֵב בְּאַחֵר, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, מֻתָּר בְּתַבְשִׁיל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם יַיִן. אָמַר קוֹנָם יַיִן זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, וְנָפַל לְתַבְשִׁיל, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲנָבִים, מֻתָּר בְּיַיִן. מִן הַזֵּיתִים, מֻתָּר בְּשֶׁמֶן. אָמַר קוֹנָם זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן וּבַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּמָרִים, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים. מִסִּתְוָנִיּוֹת, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁשֵּׁם תּוֹלַדְתּוֹ קְרוּיָה עָלָיו וְנוֹדֵר הֵימֶנּוּ, אָסוּר אַף בַּיּוֹצֵא הֵימֶנּוּ. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, מֻתָּר בְּיֵין תַּפּוּחִים. מִן הַשֶּׁמֶן, מֻתָּר בְּשֶׁמֶן שֻׁמְשְׁמִין. מִן הַדְּבַשׁ, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים. מִן הַחֹמֶץ, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת. מִן הַכְּרֵשִׁין, מֻתָּר בְּקַפְלוֹטוֹת. מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בְּיַרְקוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֵׁם לְוָאי: \n",
+ "מִן הַכְּרוּב, אָסוּר בְּאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס. מִן הָאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס, מֻתָּר בִּכְרוּב. מִן הַגְּרִיסִים, אָסוּר מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, מֻתָּר בִּגְרִיסִין. מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, אָסוּר בְּשׁוּם, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הַשּׁוּם, מֻתָּר בְּמִקְפָּה. מִן הָעֲדָשִׁים, אָסוּר בַּאֲשִׁישִׁין, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הָאֲשִׁישִׁים, מֻתָּר בַּעֲדָשִׁים. חִטָּה חִטִּים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן בֵּין קֶמַח בֵּין פָּת. גְּרִיס גְּרִיסִין שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן בֵּין חַיִּין בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם גְּרִיס אוֹ חִטָּה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר לָכוֹס חַיִּים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בִּדְלוּעִין. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹסֵר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וַהֲלֹא אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִשְׁלוּחוֹ קַח לִי יָרָק וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דְלוּעִין. אָמַר לָהֶם, כֵּן הַדָּבָר, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא אוֹמֵר הוּא לוֹ לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא קִטְנִית, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַדְּלוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק, וְקִטְנִית אֵינָן בִּכְלָל יָרָק. וְאָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי לַח, וּמֻתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי יָבֵשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא בַחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בַּכֹּל, וּמֻתָּר בְּפֵרוֹת הָאִילָן וּבְיָרָק: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַכְּסוּת, מֻתָּר בְּשַׂק, בִּירִיעָה, וּבַחֲמִילָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בְּגִזֵּי צֶמֶר. פִּשְׁתָּן עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בַּאֲנִיצֵי פִשְׁתָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַנּוֹדֵר. טָעַן וְהִזִּיעַ וְהָיָה רֵיחוֹ קָשֶׁה, אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְאָסוּר לְהַפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, מֻתָּר בָּעֲלִיָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עֲלִיָּה בִּכְלָל הַבָּיִת. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲלִיָּה, מֻתָּר בַּבָּיִת: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמִּטָּה, מֻתָּר בְּדַרְגָּשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, דַּרְגָּשׁ בִּכְלָל מִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדַּרְגָּשׁ, מֻתָּר בְּמִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעִיר, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לִתְחוּמָהּ שֶׁל עִיר, וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְעִבּוּרָהּ. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, אָסוּר מִן הָאֲגַף וְלִפְנִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם פֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִין: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם מַעֲשֵׂה יָדַיִךְ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִים: \n",
+ "שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי אוֹכֵל עַד הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה עַד הַפֶּסַח, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפֶּסַח. שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי אוֹכֵל, וְשֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפָּסַח: \n",
+ "שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הַפֶּסַח אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הֶחָג, הָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הַפֶּסַח. אַחַר הַפֶּסַח, בְּלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הֶחָג אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הַפֶּסַח, וְהָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הֶחָג, וּמֻתֶּרֶת לֵילֵךְ אַחַר הַפָּסַח: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה. חֹדֶשׁ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא. שָׁנָה זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. שָׁבוּעַ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה. וְאִם אָמַר יוֹם אֶחָד, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד, שָׁנָה אֶחָת, שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם: \n",
+ "עַד הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. עַד לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא: \n",
+ "עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד הַבָּצִיר, עַד הַמָּסִיק, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁזְּמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ וְאָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיּעַ. אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין זְמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ: \n",
+ "עַד הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיַתְחִילוּ הָעָם לְהַכְנִיס בַּכַּלְכַּלּוֹת. עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּקַפְּלוּ הַמַּקְצוּעוֹת. עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל הָעָם לִקְצֹר, קְצִיר חִטִּין אֲבָל לֹא קְצִיר שְׂעֹרִים. הַכֹּל לְפִי מְקוֹם נִדְרוֹ, אִם הָיָה בָהָר, בָּהָר, וְאִם הָיָה בַבִּקְעָה, בַּבִּקְעָה: \n",
+ "עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַנָּהּ שֶׁל רְבִיעָה. עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסְקוּ גְשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא נִיסָן כֻּלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַפֶּסַח. קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם הַשָּׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּבְעִבּוּרָהּ. עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר, עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַד סוֹף אֲדָר, עַד סוֹף אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַפֶּסַח, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵיל הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִשְׁתּוֹת יָיִן: \n",
+ "אָמַר קוֹנָם בָּשָׂר שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַצּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי צוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְנוֹ אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שׁוּם שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא שַׁבָּת, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל שׁוּם: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאֲנִי נֶהֱנֶה לְךָ אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹטֵל לְבָנֶיךָ כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, הֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, כְּלוּם אָמַרְתָּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדִי, זֶהוּ כְבוֹדִי. וְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאַתָּה נֶהֱנֶה לִי אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹתֵן לִבְנִי כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְאִלּוּ הִתְקַבָּלְתִּי. הָיוּ מְסָרְבִין בּוֹ לָשֵׂאת בַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם שֶׁהִיא נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לֵהָנוֹת לוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אִישׁוּת. הָיָה מְסָרֵב בַּחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אָמַר קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, טִפַּת צוֹנֵן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ צוֹנֵן, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי צָדוֹק, עַד שֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, יִפְתְּחוּ לוֹ בִכְבוֹד הַמָּקוֹם, אִם כֵּן אֵין נְדָרִים. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּדָבָר שֶׁבֵּינוֹ לְבֵין אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, שֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ: \n",
+ "וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, פּוֹתְחִין בְּנוֹלָד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וְנַעֲשָׂה סוֹפֵר, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ בְקָרוֹב, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה סוֹפֵר אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ בְקָרוֹב, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, וְנַעֲשָׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \n",
+ "רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, יֵשׁ דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן כְּנוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כְּנוֹלָד, וְאֵין חֲכָמִים מוֹדִים לוֹ. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית, שֶׁאָבִיהָ רָע. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה תְשׁוּבָה. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, שֶׁהַכֶּלֶב רַע בְּתוֹכוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהַנָּחָשׁ בְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת הַכֶּלֶב אוֹ שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג הַנָּחָשׁ, הֲרֵי הֵן כְּנוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כְּנוֹלָד, וְאֵין חֲכָמִים מוֹדִים לוֹ: \n",
+ "וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר פּוֹתְחִין לוֹ מִן הַכָּתוּב שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹבֵר עַל לֹא תִקֹּם וְעַל לֹא תִטֹּר (ויקרא יט), וְעַל לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ בִּלְבָבֶךָ (שם), וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ (שם), וְחֵי אָחִיךָ עִמָּךְ (שם כה), שֶׁמָּא יֵעָנִי וְאֵין אַתָּה יָכוֹל לְפַרְנְסוֹ. אָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְתֻבַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מֵאִשְׁתּוֹ הֲנָאָה וְהָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת דִּינָרִין, וּבָא לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְחִיְּבוֹ לִתֵּן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ, רַבִּי, שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת דִּינָרִין הִנִּיחַ אַבָּא, וְנָטַל אָחִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וַאֲנִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת, לֹא דַיָּהּ שֶׁתִּטֹּל הִיא מָאתַיִם, וַאֲנִי מָאתָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲפִלּוּ אַתָּה מוֹכֵר שְׂעַר רֹאשְׁךָ, אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, וְהִתִּירָהּ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין בְּיָמִים טוֹבִים וּבְשַׁבָּתוֹת. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, אוֹתָן הַיָּמִים מֻתָּרִין וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים אֲסוּרִין, עַד שֶׁבָּא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְלִמֵּד, שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר שֶׁהֻתַּר מִקְצָתוֹ, הֻתַּר כֻּלּוֹ: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְכֻלְּכֶם, הֻתַּר אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֻתְּרוּ כֻלָּן. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה, הֻתַּר הָרִאשׁוֹן, הֻתְּרוּ כֻלָּן. הֻתַּר הָאַחֲרוֹן, הָאַחֲרוֹן מֻתָּר, וְכֻלָּן אֲסוּרִין. הֻתַּר הָאֶמְצָעִי, הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַטָּה מֻתָּר, הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַעְלָה אָסוּר. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה קָרְבָּן וְלָזֶה קָרְבָּן, צְרִיכִין פֶּתַח לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַיַּיִן רַע לַמֵּעָיִם, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא הַמְיֻשָּׁן יָפֶה לַמֵּעָיִם, הֻתַּר בַּמְיֻשָּׁן. וְלֹא בַמְיֻשָּׁן בִּלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַיָּיִן. קוֹנָם בָּצָל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַבָּצָל רַע לַלֵּב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲלֹא הַכֻּפְרִי יָפֶה לַלֵּב, הֻתַּר בַּכֻּפְרִי. וְלֹא בַכֻּפְרִי בִלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַבְּצָלִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה, וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּכָל הַבְּצָלִים: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד עַצְמוֹ וּבִכְבוֹד בָּנָיו. אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁלְּמָחָר אוֹמְרִין עָלֶיךָ כָּךְ הִיא וִסְתּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי, מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת נָשָׁיו, וְעַל בְּנוֹתֶיךָ יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִין בְּנוֹת גְּרוּשׁוֹת הֵן, מָה רָאֲתָה אִמָּן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁכֵּן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית כְּעוּרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא נָאָה. שְׁחוֹרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא לְבָנָה. קְצָרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲרֻכָּה, מֻתָּר בָּהּ. לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְעוּרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית נָאָה, שְׁחוֹרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית לְבָנָה, קְצָרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית אֲרֻכָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר טָעוּת. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִבַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ הֲנָיָה, וְהִכְנִיסוּהָ לְבֵית רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְיִפּוּהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, בְּנִי, לָזוֹ נָדָרְתָּ. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בָּכָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְאָמַר, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָאוֹת הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָעֲנִיּוּת מְנַוַּלְתָּן. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, הָיוּ בְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאוֹת קִינָה וְאוֹמְרוֹת, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּכֶינָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁאוּל (שמואל ב א) בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל שָׁאוּל בְּכֶינָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נַעֲרָה הַמְאֹרָסָה, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ. הֵפֵר הָאָב וְלֹא הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל, הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל וְלֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁקִּיֵּם אֶחָד מֵהֶן: \n",
+ "מֵת הָאָב, לֹא נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לַבָּעַל. מֵת הַבַּעַל, נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לָאָב. בָּזֶה יָפֶה כֹחַ הָאָב מִכֹּחַ הַבָּעַל. בְּדָבָר אַחֵר יָפֶה כֹחַ הַבַּעַל מִכֹּחַ הָאָב, שֶׁהַבַּעַל מֵפֵר בְּבֶגֶר, וְהָאָב אֵינוֹ מֵפֵר בְּבָגֶר: \n",
+ "נָדְרָה וְהִיא אֲרוּסָה, נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, נִתְאָרְסָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ לְמֵאָה, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁלֹּא יָצָאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אֶחָת, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ: \n",
+ "דֶּרֶךְ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, עַד שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בִתּוֹ יוֹצְאָה מֵאֶצְלוֹ, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתִי, הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין. וְכֵן הַבַּעַל עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנְסִי לִרְשׁוּתִי, הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין, שֶׁמִּשֶּׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "בּוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁשָּׁהֲתָה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וְאַלְמָנָה שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וּבַעְלָהּ חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ, יָפֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַבַּעַל מֵפֵר, עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם, בֵּין לְיָבָם אֶחָד בֵּין לִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לְאֶחָד אֲבָל לֹא לִשְׁנָיִם. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא לְאֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנָיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה אִם אִשָּׁה, שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא מֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ, אִשָּׁה שֶׁהִקְנוּ לוֹ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיָּפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, לֹא, אִם אָמַרְתָּ בְאִשָּׁה שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁאֵין לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת, תֹּאמַר בְּאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִקְנוּ לוֹ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, עֲקִיבָא, דְּבָרֶיךָ בִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִין. מָה אַתָּה מֵשִׁיב עַל יָבָם אֶחָד. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין הַיְבָמָה גְמוּרָה לַיָּבָם כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָאֲרוּסָה גְמוּרָה לְאִישָׁהּ: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, כָּל הַנְּדָרִים שֶׁתִּדְּרִי מִכָּאן עַד שֶׁאָבֹא מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, הֲרֵי הֵן קַיָּמִין, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מוּפָר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, אִם הֵפֵר נְּדָרִים שֶׁבָּאוּ לִכְלָל אִסּוּר, לֹא יָפֵר נְדָרִים שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לִכְלָל אִסּוּר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר, אִישָׁהּ יְקִימֶנּוּ וְאִישָׁהּ יְפֵרֶנּוּ (במדבר ל), אֶת שֶׁבָּא לִכְלָל הָקֵם, בָּא לִכְלָל הָפֵר. לֹא בָא לִכְלָל הָקֵם, לֹא בָא לִכְלָל הָפֵר: \n",
+ "הֲפָרַת נְדָרִים, כָּל הַיּוֹם. יֵשׁ בַּדָּבָר לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. נָדְרָה בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, יָפֵר בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת וּבְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. נָדְרָה עִם חֲשֵׁכָה, מֵפֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא תֶחְשַׁךְ. שֶׁאִם חָשְׁכָה וְלֹא הֵפֵר, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "וְאֵלּוּ נְדָרִים שֶׁהוּא מֵפֵר, דְּבָרִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ, אִם אֶרְחָץ וְאִם לֹא אֶרְחָץ, אִם אֶתְקַשֵּׁט וְאִם לֹא אֶתְקַשֵּׁט. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵין אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נָפֶשׁ: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ הֵם נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ. אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם פֵּרוֹת הָעוֹלָם עָלָי, הֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. פֵּרוֹת מְדִינָה עָלָי, יָבִיא לָהּ מִמְּדִינָה אַחֶרֶת. פֵּרוֹת חֶנְוָנִי זֶה עָלָי, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. וְאִם לֹא הָיְתָה פַרְנָסָתוֹ אֶלָּא מִמֶּנּוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנָה לַבְּרִיּוֹת, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר, וִיכוֹלָה הִיא לֵהָנוֹת בְּלֶקֶט וּבְשִׁכְחָה וּבְפֵאָה. קוֹנָם כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם נֶהֱנִים לִי, יִטְּלוּ עַל כָּרְחוֹ. כֹּהֲנִים אֵלּוּ וּלְוִיִּם אֵלּוּ נֶהֱנִים לִי, יִטְּלוּ אֲחֵרִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּי אַבָּא, וְעַל פִּי אָבִיךָ, וְעַל פִּי אָחִי, וְעַל פִּי אָחִיךָ, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּיךָ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָפֵר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר, שֶׁמָּא תַעְדִּיף עָלָיו יוֹתֵר מִן הָרָאוּי לוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר, שֶׁמָּא יְגָרְשֶׁנָּה וּתְהִי אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו: \n",
+ "נָדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בִתּוֹ, נָדְרָה בִתּוֹ וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, נָדְרָה בְנָזִיר וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְקָרְבָּן, נָדְרָה בְקָרְבָּן וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְנָזִיר, נָדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הָעֲנָבִים, נָדְרָה מִן הָעֲנָבִים וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים, הֲרֵי זֶה יַחֲזֹר וְיָפֵר: \n",
+ "אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת, קִיֵּם לַתְּאֵנִים, כֻּלּוֹ קַיָּם. הֵפֵר לַתְּאֵנִים, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר עַד שֶׁיָּפֵר אַף לָעֲנָבִים. אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁנֵי נְדָרִים: \n",
+ "יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְדָרִים, אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפֵרִין, יָפֵר. יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפֵרִין אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁזֶּה נֶדֶר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יָפֵר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָפֵר: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲתָנוֹ וְהוּא רוֹצֶה לָתֵת לְבִתּוֹ מָעוֹת, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, הֲרֵי הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְתוּנִים לָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לְבַעְלֵךְ רְשׁוּת בָּהֶן, אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁאַתְּ נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת בְּפִיךְ: \n",
+ "וְנֵדֶר אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה יָקוּם עָלֶיהָ (במדבר ל). כֵּיצַד. אָמְרָה, הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. נָדְרָה וְהִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל, מֵפֵר לָהּ. כֵּיצַד. אָמְרָה, הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בְתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים, הֲרֵי זֶה מוּפָר. נָדְרָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, הֶחֱזִירָהּ בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁיָּצָאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "תֵּשַׁע נְעָרוֹת, נִדְרֵיהֶן קַיָּמִין. בּוֹגֶרֶת וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה וּבָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ וּמִשֶּׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ בָּגְרָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּשִּׂיא בִתּוֹ הַקְּטַנָּה, וְנִתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה וְחָזְרָה אֶצְלוֹ, עֲדַיִן הִיא נַעֲרָה: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֵית לְאַבָּא וּלְאָבִיךָ אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּיךָ, שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֵית לְךָ אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּי אַבָּא, וְעַל פִּי אָבִיךָ, הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר: \n",
+ "בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלשׁ נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְנוֹטְלוֹת כְּתֻבָּה, הָאוֹמֶרֶת טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לְךָ, שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינֶךָ, נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים. חָזְרוּ לוֹמַר, שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא אִשָּׁה נוֹתֶנֶת עֵינֶיהָ בְאַחֵר וּמְקַלְקֶלֶת עַל בַּעְלָהּ. אֶלָּא הָאוֹמֶרֶת טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לְךָ, תָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ. שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינֶךָ, יַעֲשׂוּ דֶרֶךְ בַּקָּשָׁה. נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים, יָפֵר חֶלְקוֹ, וּתְהֵא מְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ, וּתְהֵא נְטוּלָה מִן הַיְּהוּדִים: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36a9ccc1579503c8868bcfb79811456fdbdcfad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Nedarim/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Nedarim",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Nedarim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "כָּל כִּנּוּיֵי נְדָרִים כִּנְדָרִים, וַחֲרָמִים כַּחֲרָמִים, וּשְׁבוּעוֹת כִּשְׁבוּעוֹת, וּנְזִירוּת כִּנְזִירוּת. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מֻדָּרְנִי מִמְּךָ, מֻפְרָשְׁנִי מִמְּךָ, מְרֻחָקְנִי מִמְּךָ, שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, אָסוּר. מְנֻדֶּה אֲנִי לָךְ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הָיָה חוֹכֵךְ בָּזֶה לְהַחֲמִיר. כְּנִדְרֵי רְשָׁעִים, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר, וּבְקָרְבָּן, וּבִשְׁבוּעָה. כְּנִדְרֵי כְשֵׁרִים, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. כְּנִדְבוֹתָם, נָדַר בְּנָזִיר וּבְקָרְבָּן: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם קוֹנָח, קוֹנָס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְקָרְבָּן. חֵרֶק חֵרֶךְ, חֵרֵף, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לְחֵרֶם. נָזִיק נָזִיחַ, פָּזִיחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִנְזִירוּת. שְׁבוּתָה, שְׁקוּקָה, נָדַר בְּמוֹתָא, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנּוּיִין לִשְׁבוּעָה: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לֹא חֻלִּין לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא כָשֵׁר, וְלֹא דְכֵי, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא, נוֹתָר, וּפִגּוּל, אָסוּר. כְּאִמְּרָא, כַּדִּירִין, כָּעֵצִים, כָּאִשִּׁים, כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ, כַּהֵיכָל, כִּירוּשָׁלָיִם, נָדַר בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר קָרְבָּן, הֲרֵי זֶה נָדַר בְּקָרְבָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם: ",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר, קָרְבָּן, עוֹלָה, מִנְחָה, חַטָּאת, תּוֹדָה, שְׁלָמִים שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לָךְ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. הַקָּרְבָּן, כְּקָרְבָּן, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, אָסוּר. לְקָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם פִּי הַמְדַבֵּר עִמָּךְ, יָדִי עוֹשָׂה עִמָּךְ, רַגְלִי מְהַלֶּכֶת עִמָּךְ, אָסוּר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "וְאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. חֻלִּין שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, כִּבְשַׂר חֲזִיר, כַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, כְּעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין, כִּנְבֵלוֹת, כִּטְרֵפוֹת, כִּשְׁקָצִים, כִּרְמָשִׂים, כְּחַלַּת אַהֲרֹן וְכִתְרוּמָתוֹ, מֻתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי כְּאִמָּא, פּוֹתְחִין לוֹ פֶתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, שֶׁלֹּא יָקֵל רֹאשׁוֹ לְכָךְ. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן, שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ, הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מְשַׁמְּשֵׁךְ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן, שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, קָרְבָּן שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא קָרְבָּן לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, מֻתָּר. שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, אָסוּר. זֶה חֹמֶר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. וְחֹמֶר בַּנְּדָרִים מִבַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת, כֵּיצַד, אָמַר, קוֹנָם סֻכָּה שֶׁאֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה, לוּלָב שֶׁאֲנִי נוֹטֵל, תְּפִלִּין שֶׁאֲנִי מֵנִיחַ, בַּנְּדָרִים אָסוּר, בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מֻתָּר, שֶׁאֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין לַעֲבֹר עַל הַמִּצְוֹת: \n",
+ "יֵשׁ נֶדֶר בְּתוֹךְ נֶדֶר, וְאֵין שְׁבוּעָה בְּתוֹךְ שְׁבוּעָה. כֵּיצַד, אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל, הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר אִם אֹכַל, וְאָכַל, חַיָּב עַל כָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל, שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל, וְאָכַל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא אֶחָת: \n",
+ "סְתָם נְדָרִים לְהַחְמִיר, וּפֵרוּשָׁם לְהָקֵל. כֵּיצַד, אָמַר הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּבָשָׂר מָלִיחַ, כְּיֵין נֶסֶךְ, אִם שֶׁל שָׁמַיִם נָדַר, אָסוּר. אִם שֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה נָדַר, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּחֵרֶם, אִם כְּחֵרֶם שֶׁל שָׁמַיִם, אָסוּר. וְאִם כְּחֵרֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כְּמַעֲשֵׂר, אִם כְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה נָדַר, אָסוּר. וְאִם שֶׁל גֹּרֶן, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר. הֲרֵי עָלַי כִּתְרוּמָה, אִם כִּתְרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה נָדַר, אָסוּר. וְאִם שֶׁל גֹּרֶן, מֻתָּר. וְאִם סְתָם, אָסוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, סְתָם תְּרוּמָה בִּיהוּדָה אֲסוּרָה, בַּגָּלִיל מֻתֶּרֶת, שֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת תְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה. סְתָם חֲרָמִים, בִּיהוּדָה מֻתָּרִין, וּבַגָּלִיל אֲסוּרִין, שֶׁאֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל מַכִּירִין אֶת חֶרְמֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
+ "נָדַר בְּחֵרֶם וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְחֶרְמוֹ שֶׁל יָם. בְּקָרְבָּן, וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְקָרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁל מְלָכִים. הֲרֵי עַצְמִי קָרְבָּן, וְאָמַר, לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְעֶצֶם שֶׁהִנַּחְתִּי לִי לִהְיוֹת נוֹדֵר בּוֹ. קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, וְאָמַר לֹא נָדַרְתִּי אֶלָּא בְאִשְׁתִּי הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁגֵּרַשְׁתִּי, עַל כֻּלָּן אֵין נִשְׁאָלִים לָהֶם. וְאִם נִשְׁאֲלוּ, עוֹנְשִׁין אוֹתָן וּמַחְמִירִין עֲלֵיהֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹתְחִין לָהֶם פֶּתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, וּמְלַמְּדִים אוֹתָן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִנְהֲגוּ קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ בַּנְּדָרִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים, נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, וְנִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, וְנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, וְנִדְרֵי אֳנָסִים. נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, כֵּיצַד. הָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ וְאָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי פוֹחֵת לְךָ מִן הַסֶּלַע, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מוֹסִיף לְךָ עַל הַשֶּׁקֶל, שְׁנֵיהֶן רוֹצִין בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרוֹצֶה לְהַדִּיר אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לִדֹּר הוּא בָטֵל, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא זָכוּר בִּשְׁעַת הַנֶּדֶר: \n",
+ "נִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, אָמַר, קוֹנָם אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי בַדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה כְיוֹצְאֵי מִצְרָיִם, אִם לֹא רָאִיתִי נָחָשׁ כְּקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבָּד. נִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, אִם אָכָלְתִּי וְאִם שָׁתִיתִי, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֲנִי שׁוֹתֶה, וְשָׁכַח וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה. אָמַר, קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, שֶׁגָּנְבָה אֶת כִּיסִי וְשֶׁהִכְּתָה אֶת בְּנִי, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא הִכַּתּוּ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא גְנָבָתּוּ. רָאָה אוֹתָן אוֹכְלִים תְּאֵנִים וְאָמַר, הֲרֵי עֲלֵיכֶם קָרְבָּן, וְנִמְצְאוּ אָבִיו וְאֶחָיו, וְהָיוּ עִמָּהֶן אֲחֵרִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֵן מֻתָּרִין וּמַה שֶּׁעִמָּהֶן אֲסוּרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "נִדְרֵי אֳנָסִים, הִדִּירוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, וְחָלָה הוּא אוֹ שֶׁחָלָה בְנוֹ אוֹ שֶׁעִכְּבוֹ נָהָר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי אֳנָסִין: \n",
+ "נוֹדְרִין לָהֳרָגִין וְלָחֳרָמִין וְלַמּוֹכְסִין שֶׁהִיא תְרוּמָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָהּ תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן שֶׁל בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בַּכֹּל נוֹדְרִין, חוּץ מִבִּשְׁבוּעָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף בִּשְׁבוּעָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִפְתַּח לוֹ בְנֶדֶר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף יִפְתַּח לוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מַדִּירוֹ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּמַה שֶּׁאֵינוֹ מַדִּירוֹ. כֵּיצַד, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֱמוֹר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי, וְאָמַר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי וּבָנַי נֶהֱנִין לִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת וּבָנָיו אֲסוּרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָן נִקְצָצוֹת, טַלִּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׂרֶפֶת, יֵשׁ לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. הֲרֵי נְטִיעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁיִּקָּצְצוּ, טַלִּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׂרֵף, אֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, מֻתָּר בְּיוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה. מִיּוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה, אָסוּר בְּיוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם, שֶׁיּוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם בִּכְלָל יוֹשְׁבֵי הַיַּבָּשָׁה. לֹא כָאֵלּוּ שֶׁהוֹלְכִין מֵעַכּוֹ לְיָפוֹ, אֶלָּא בְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְפָרֵשׁ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מֵרוֹאֵי הַחַמָּה, אָסוּר אַף בַּסּוּמִין, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁהַחַמָּה רוֹאָה אוֹתוֹ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִשְּׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ, אָסוּר בַּקֵּרְחִין וּבְבַעֲלֵי שֵׂיבוֹת, וּמֻתָּר בַּנָּשִׁים וּבַקְּטַנִּים, שֶׁאֵין נִקְרָאִין שְׁחוֹרֵי הָרֹאשׁ אֶלָּא אֲנָשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיִּלּוֹדִים, מֻתָּר בַּנּוֹלָדִים. מִן הַנּוֹלָדִים, אָסוּר בַּיִּלּוֹדִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר מַתִּיר אַף בַּיִּלּוֹדִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא בְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהוֹלִיד: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִשּׁוֹבְתֵי שַׁבָּת, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. מֵאוֹכְלֵי שׁוּם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בַּכּוּתִים. מֵעוֹלֵי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בַּכּוּתִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לִבְנֵי נֹחַ, מֻתָּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בְּאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְזֶרַע אַבְרָהָם, אָסוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בְּאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לוֹקֵחַ בְּיוֹתֵר וּמוֹכֵר בְּפָחוֹת. שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נֶהֱנִין לִי, לוֹקֵחַ בְּפָחוֹת וּמוֹכֵר בְּיוֹתֵר, אִם שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָהֶן וְהֵן לִי, יְהַנֶּה לַנָּכְרִים. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָעֲרֵלִים, מֻתָּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָסוּר בְּמוּלֵי הַגּוֹיִם. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לַמּוּלִים, אָסוּר בְּעַרְלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמֻתָּר בְּמוּלֵי הַגּוֹיִם, שֶׁאֵין הָעָרְלָה קְרוּיָה אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם הַגּוֹיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ט) כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים וְכָל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַרְלֵי לֵב, וְאוֹמֵר (שמואל א יז) וְהָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הֶעָרֵל הַזֶּה, וְאוֹמֵר (שמואל ב א) פֶּן תִּשְׂמַחְנָה בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים, פֶּן תַּעֲלֹזְנָה בְּנוֹת הָעֲרֵלִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, מְאוּסָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּנּוּ בָהּ הָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, כִּי כָל הַגּוֹיִם עֲרֵלִים. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה שֶׁנִּכְרְתוּ עָלֶיהָ שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה בְרִיתוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁדּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת הַחֲמוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְלָה לוֹ לְמֹשֶׁה הַצַדִּיק עָלֶיהָ מְלֹא שָׁעָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁדּוֹחָה אֶת הַנְּגָעִים. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ לֹא נִקְרָא שָׁלֵם, עַד שֶׁמָּל, שֶׁנֱּאֶמַר (בראשית יז), הִתְהַלֵּךְ לְפָנַי וֶהְיֵה תָמִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר, גְּדוֹלָה מִילָה, שֶׁאִלְמָלֵא הִיא, לֹא בָרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה לג), כֹּה אָמַר ה' אִם לֹא בְרִיתִי יוֹמָם וָלָיְלָה, חֻקּוֹת שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ לֹא שָׂמְתִּי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵין בֵּין הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לַמֻּדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל אֶלָּא דְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל וְכֵלִים שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. הַמֻּדָּר מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל מַשְׁאִיל לוֹ חָלוּק וְטַבַּעַת וְטַלִּית וּנְזָמִים, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. מְקוֹם שֶׁמַּשְׂכִּירִין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, שׁוֹקֵל אֶת שִׁקְלוֹ, וּפוֹרֵעַ אֶת חוֹבוֹ, וּמַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֶת אֲבֵדָתוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר, תִּפֹּל הֲנָאָה לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ: \n",
+ "וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא, וְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם. וְלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוֹ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּטְמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי הוּא מוֹכְרָהּ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לִכְלָבִים: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְנִכְנַס לְבַקְּרוֹ, עוֹמֵד, אֲבָל לֹא יוֹשֵׁב. וּמְרַפְּאֵהוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא רְפוּאַת מָמוֹן. וְרוֹחֵץ עִמּוֹ בְאַמְבַּטִיָא גְדוֹלָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִקְטַנָּה. וְיָשֵׁן עִמּוֹ בְמִטָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְהַנֵּהוּ. וּמֵסֵב עִמּוֹ עַל הַמִּטָּה, וְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא עִמּוֹ מִן הַתַּמְחוּי הַחוֹזֵר. לֹא יֹאכַל עִמּוֹ מִן הָאֵבוּס שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפּוֹעֲלִים, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עִמּוֹ בְאֻמָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עוֹשֶׂה הוּא בְרִחוּק מִמֶּנּוּ: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. נָדַר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּרוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִשְׁאַל מִמֶּנּוּ, לֹא יַלְוֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִלְוֶה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֹא יִמְכֹּר לוֹ וְלֹא יִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר לוֹ, הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתֶךָ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵינָהּ פְּנוּיָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם שָׂדִי שֶׁאֲנִי חוֹרֵשׁ בָּהּ לְעוֹלָם, אִם הָיָה דַרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא אָסוּר וְכָל אָדָם מֻתָּרִין. אִם אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא וְכָל אָדָם אֲסוּרִין: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַחֶנְוָנִי וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה, וְהוּא נוֹתֵן לוֹ וּבָא וְנוֹטֵל מִזֶּה. הָיָה בֵיתוֹ לִבְנוֹת, גְּדֵרוֹ לִגְדֹּר, שָׂדֵהוּ לִקְצֹר, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַפּוֹעֲלִים וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה. הֵם עוֹשִׂין עִמּוֹ, וּבָאִין וְנוֹטְלִין שָׂכָר מִזֶּה: \n",
+ "הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתֵן לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. אִם אֵין עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, מַנִּיחַ עַל הַסֶּלַע אוֹ עַל הַגָּדֵר וְאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הֵן מֻפְקָרִים לְכָל מִי שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ, וְהַלָּה נוֹטֵל וְאוֹכֵל. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁנָּדְרוּ הֲנָאָה זֶה מִזֶּה, אֲסוּרִין לִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, זֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְזֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים לְהַעֲמִיד שָׁם רֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר וּלְגַדֵּל תַּרְנְגוֹלִים. הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מֻדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי נִכְנָס וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ. וְכוֹפִין אֶת הַנּוֹדֵר לִמְכֹּר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ: \n",
+ "הָיָה אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מֻדָּר מֵאֶחָד מֵהֶם הֲנָאָה, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרְךָ אֲנִי נִכְנָס, וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, וְיֶשׁ לוֹ מֶרְחָץ וּבֵית הַבַּד מֻשְׂכָּרִים בָּעִיר, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, מֻתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס וְשָׂדְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, מֻתָּר. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס, שָׂדֶה זוֹ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם, הַמֻּדָּר אָסוּר. הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי חֵרֶם, הַנּוֹדֵר אָסוּר. הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ וְאַתְּ עָלַי, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִין. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, וַאֲסוּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר: \n",
+ "וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, כְּגוֹן הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת וְהַבּוֹר שֶׁבְּאֶמְצַע הַדֶּרֶךְ. וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, כְּגוֹן הָרְחָבָה וְהַמֶּרְחָץ, וּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַסְּפָרִים. וְהַכּוֹתֵב חֶלְקוֹ לַנָּשִׂיא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט. מַה בֵּין כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא לְכוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט, שֶׁהַכּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה צְרִיכִין לְזַכּוֹת. לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַנָּשִׂיא אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל צְרִיכִין לִכְתֹּב, שֶׁכְּבָר כָּתְבוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל יְדֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתְנוֹ לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה, וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד בְּבֵית חוֹרוֹן שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו מֻדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ הֲנָאָה, וְהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ, וְאָמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, חָצֵר וּסְעוּדָה נְתוּנִים לְךָ בְמַתָּנָה, וְאֵינָן לְפָנֶיךָ אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹא אַבָּא וְיֹאכַל עִמָּנוּ בַּסְּעוּדָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם שֶׁלִּי הֵם, הֲרֵי הֵם מֻקְדָּשִׁין לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתִּי אֶת שֶׁלִּי שֶׁתַּקְדִּישֵׁם לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתָּ לִּי אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ אֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא אַתָּה וְאָבִיךָ אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים וּמִתְרַצִּים זֶה לָזֶה, וִיהֵא עָוֹן תָּלוּי בְּרֹאשׁוֹ. וּכְשֶׁבָּא דָבָר לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ, כָּל מַתָּנָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁאִם הִקְדִּישָׁהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, אֵינָהּ מַתָּנָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמְבֻשָּׁל, מֻתָּר בַּצָּלִי וּבַשָּׁלוּק. אָמַר קוֹנָם תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּמַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה רַךְ, וּמֻתָּר בְּעָבֶה וּמֻתָּר בְּבֵיצַת טְרָמִיטָא, וּבִדְלַעַת הָרְמוּצָה: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִמַּעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִמַּעֲשֵׂה רְתַחְתָּה. אָמַר, קוֹנָם הַיּוֹרֵד לַקְּדֵרָה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין בַּקְּדֵרָה: \n",
+ "מִן הַכָּבוּשׁ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַכָּבוּשׁ שֶׁל יָרָק. כָּבוּשׁ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַכְּבוּשִׁים. מִן הַשָּׁלוּק, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַשָּׁלוּק שֶׁל בָּשָׂר. שָׁלוּק שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשְּׁלָקִים. מִן הַצָּלִי, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַצָּלִי שֶׁל בָּשָׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. צָלִי שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַצְּלוּיִים. מִן הַמָּלִיחַ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִן הַמָּלִיחַ שֶׁל דָּג. מָלִיחַ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַמְּלוּחִים: \n",
+ "דָּג דָּגִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן, בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, בֵּין מְלוּחִין בֵּין טְפֵלִין, בֵּין חַיִּין בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִין, וּמֻתָּר בְּטָרִית טְרוּפָה וּבְצִיר. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַצַּחֲנָה, אָסוּר בְּטָרִית טְרוּפָה, וּמֻתָּר בְּצִיר וּבְמֻרְיָס. הַנּוֹדֵר מִטָּרִית טְרוּפָה, אָסוּר בְּצִיר וּבְמֻרְיָס: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הֶחָלָב, מֻתָּר בַּקּוּם. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר. מִן הַקּוּם, מֻתָּר בֶּחָלָב. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַגְּבִינָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ בֵּין מְלוּחָה בֵּין טְפֵלָה: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר, מֻתָּר בַּרֹטֶב וּבַקִּפָּה. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה וְאָסַר עָלַי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן בֵּיצִים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִמּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וְכֵן הַדָּבָר, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֹּאמַר בָּשָׂר זֶה עָלָי, שֶׁהַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּבָר וְנִתְעָרֵב בְּאַחֵר, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, מֻתָּר בְּתַבְשִׁיל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם יַיִן. אָמַר קוֹנָם יַיִן זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, וְנָפַל לְתַבְשִׁיל, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲנָבִים, מֻתָּר בְּיַיִן. מִן הַזֵּיתִים, מֻתָּר בְּשֶׁמֶן. אָמַר קוֹנָם זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן וּבַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּמָרִים, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים. מִסִּתְוָנִיּוֹת, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁשֵּׁם תּוֹלַדְתּוֹ קְרוּיָה עָלָיו וְנוֹדֵר הֵימֶנּוּ, אָסוּר אַף בַּיּוֹצֵא הֵימֶנּוּ. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיַּיִן, מֻתָּר בְּיֵין תַּפּוּחִים. מִן הַשֶּׁמֶן, מֻתָּר בְּשֶׁמֶן שֻׁמְשְׁמִין. מִן הַדְּבַשׁ, מֻתָּר בִּדְבַשׁ תְּמָרִים. מִן הַחֹמֶץ, מֻתָּר בְּחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת. מִן הַכְּרֵשִׁין, מֻתָּר בְּקַפְלוֹטוֹת. מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בְּיַרְקוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֵׁם לְוָאי: \n",
+ "מִן הַכְּרוּב, אָסוּר בְּאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס. מִן הָאִסְפַּרְגּוֹס, מֻתָּר בִּכְרוּב. מִן הַגְּרִיסִים, אָסוּר מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, מֻתָּר בִּגְרִיסִין. מִן הַמִּקְפָּה, אָסוּר בְּשׁוּם, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הַשּׁוּם, מֻתָּר בְּמִקְפָּה. מִן הָעֲדָשִׁים, אָסוּר בַּאֲשִׁישִׁין, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. מִן הָאֲשִׁישִׁים, מֻתָּר בַּעֲדָשִׁים. חִטָּה חִטִּים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן בֵּין קֶמַח בֵּין פָּת. גְּרִיס גְּרִיסִין שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, אָסוּר בָּהֶן בֵּין חַיִּין בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם גְּרִיס אוֹ חִטָּה שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר לָכוֹס חַיִּים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בִּדְלוּעִין. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹסֵר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וַהֲלֹא אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִשְׁלוּחוֹ קַח לִי יָרָק וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דְלוּעִין. אָמַר לָהֶם, כֵּן הַדָּבָר, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא אוֹמֵר הוּא לוֹ לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא קִטְנִית, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַדְּלוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק, וְקִטְנִית אֵינָן בִּכְלָל יָרָק. וְאָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי לַח, וּמֻתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי יָבֵשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא בַחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בַּכֹּל, וּמֻתָּר בְּפֵרוֹת הָאִילָן וּבְיָרָק: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַכְּסוּת, מֻתָּר בְּשַׂק, בִּירִיעָה, וּבַחֲמִילָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בְּגִזֵּי צֶמֶר. פִּשְׁתָּן עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בַּאֲנִיצֵי פִשְׁתָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַנּוֹדֵר. טָעַן וְהִזִּיעַ וְהָיָה רֵיחוֹ קָשֶׁה, אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְאָסוּר לְהַפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, מֻתָּר בָּעֲלִיָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עֲלִיָּה בִּכְלָל הַבָּיִת. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲלִיָּה, מֻתָּר בַּבָּיִת: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמִּטָּה, מֻתָּר בְּדַרְגָּשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, דַּרְגָּשׁ בִּכְלָל מִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדַּרְגָּשׁ, מֻתָּר בְּמִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעִיר, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לִתְחוּמָהּ שֶׁל עִיר, וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְעִבּוּרָהּ. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, אָסוּר מִן הָאֲגַף וְלִפְנִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם פֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִין: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם מַעֲשֵׂה יָדַיִךְ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִים: \n",
+ "שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי אוֹכֵל עַד הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה עַד הַפֶּסַח, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפֶּסַח. שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי אוֹכֵל, וְשֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפָּסַח: \n",
+ "שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הַפֶּסַח אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הֶחָג, הָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הַפֶּסַח. אַחַר הַפֶּסַח, בְּלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הֶחָג אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הַפֶּסַח, וְהָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הֶחָג, וּמֻתֶּרֶת לֵילֵךְ אַחַר הַפָּסַח: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה. חֹדֶשׁ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא. שָׁנָה זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. שָׁבוּעַ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה. וְאִם אָמַר יוֹם אֶחָד, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד, שָׁנָה אֶחָת, שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם: \n",
+ "עַד הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. עַד לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא: \n",
+ "עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד הַבָּצִיר, עַד הַמָּסִיק, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁזְּמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ וְאָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיּעַ. אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין זְמַנּוֹ קָבוּעַ, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא, בֵּין אָמַר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ: \n",
+ "עַד הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיַתְחִילוּ הָעָם לְהַכְנִיס בַּכַּלְכַּלּוֹת. עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַקַּיִץ, עַד שֶׁיְּקַפְּלוּ הַמַּקְצוּעוֹת. עַד הַקָּצִיר, עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל הָעָם לִקְצֹר, קְצִיר חִטִּין אֲבָל לֹא קְצִיר שְׂעֹרִים. הַכֹּל לְפִי מְקוֹם נִדְרוֹ, אִם הָיָה בָהָר, בָּהָר, וְאִם הָיָה בַבִּקְעָה, בַּבִּקְעָה: \n",
+ "עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַנָּהּ שֶׁל רְבִיעָה. עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסְקוּ גְשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא נִיסָן כֻּלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַפֶּסַח. קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם הַשָּׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּבְעִבּוּרָהּ. עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר, עַד רֹאשׁ אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַד סוֹף אֲדָר, עַד סוֹף אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַפֶּסַח, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵיל הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִשְׁתּוֹת יָיִן: \n",
+ "אָמַר קוֹנָם בָּשָׂר שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַצּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי צוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְנוֹ אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שׁוּם שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא שַׁבָּת, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל שׁוּם: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאֲנִי נֶהֱנֶה לְךָ אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹטֵל לְבָנֶיךָ כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, הֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, כְּלוּם אָמַרְתָּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדִי, זֶהוּ כְבוֹדִי. וְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאַתָּה נֶהֱנֶה לִי אִם אֵין אַתָּה בָא וְנוֹתֵן לִבְנִי כּוֹר אֶחָד שֶׁל חִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁל יַיִן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר אֶת נִדְרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי חָכָם, וְיֹאמַר לוֹ, הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְאִלּוּ הִתְקַבָּלְתִּי. הָיוּ מְסָרְבִין בּוֹ לָשֵׂאת בַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם שֶׁהִיא נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאָמַר קוֹנָם אִשְׁתִּי נֶהֱנֵית לִי לְעוֹלָם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לֵהָנוֹת לוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אִישׁוּת. הָיָה מְסָרֵב בַּחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אָמַר קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, טִפַּת צוֹנֵן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם לָךְ, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ צוֹנֵן, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן זֶה אֶלָּא לְשׁוּם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי צָדוֹק, עַד שֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, יִפְתְּחוּ לוֹ בִכְבוֹד הַמָּקוֹם, אִם כֵּן אֵין נְדָרִים. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּדָבָר שֶׁבֵּינוֹ לְבֵין אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, שֶׁפּוֹתְחִין לוֹ בִּכְבוֹד אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ: \n",
+ "וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, פּוֹתְחִין בְּנוֹלָד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, וְנַעֲשָׂה סוֹפֵר, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ בְקָרוֹב, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה סוֹפֵר אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ בְקָרוֹב, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, וְנַעֲשָׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא נַעֲשֶׂה בֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \n",
+ "רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, יֵשׁ דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן כְּנוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כְּנוֹלָד, וְאֵין חֲכָמִים מוֹדִים לוֹ. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית, שֶׁאָבִיהָ רָע. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה תְשׁוּבָה. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס, שֶׁהַכֶּלֶב רַע בְּתוֹכוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהַנָּחָשׁ בְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת הַכֶּלֶב אוֹ שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג הַנָּחָשׁ, הֲרֵי הֵן כְּנוֹלָד וְאֵינָן כְּנוֹלָד, וְאֵין חֲכָמִים מוֹדִים לוֹ: \n",
+ "וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר פּוֹתְחִין לוֹ מִן הַכָּתוּב שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹבֵר עַל לֹא תִקֹּם וְעַל לֹא תִטֹּר (ויקרא יט), וְעַל לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ בִּלְבָבֶךָ (שם), וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ (שם), וְחֵי אָחִיךָ עִמָּךְ (שם כה), שֶׁמָּא יֵעָנִי וְאֵין אַתָּה יָכוֹל לְפַרְנְסוֹ. אָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְתֻבַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מֵאִשְׁתּוֹ הֲנָאָה וְהָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת דִּינָרִין, וּבָא לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְחִיְּבוֹ לִתֵּן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ, רַבִּי, שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת דִּינָרִין הִנִּיחַ אַבָּא, וְנָטַל אָחִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וַאֲנִי אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת, לֹא דַיָּהּ שֶׁתִּטֹּל הִיא מָאתַיִם, וַאֲנִי מָאתָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲפִלּוּ אַתָּה מוֹכֵר שְׂעַר רֹאשְׁךָ, אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא כֵן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, וְהִתִּירָהּ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין בְּיָמִים טוֹבִים וּבְשַׁבָּתוֹת. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, אוֹתָן הַיָּמִים מֻתָּרִין וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים אֲסוּרִין, עַד שֶׁבָּא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְלִמֵּד, שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר שֶׁהֻתַּר מִקְצָתוֹ, הֻתַּר כֻּלּוֹ: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לְכֻלְּכֶם, הֻתַּר אֶחָד מֵהֶן, הֻתְּרוּ כֻלָּן. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה, הֻתַּר הָרִאשׁוֹן, הֻתְּרוּ כֻלָּן. הֻתַּר הָאַחֲרוֹן, הָאַחֲרוֹן מֻתָּר, וְכֻלָּן אֲסוּרִין. הֻתַּר הָאֶמְצָעִי, הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַטָּה מֻתָּר, הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְמַעְלָה אָסוּר. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה קָרְבָּן וְלָזֶה קָרְבָּן, צְרִיכִין פֶּתַח לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַיַּיִן רַע לַמֵּעָיִם, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא הַמְיֻשָּׁן יָפֶה לַמֵּעָיִם, הֻתַּר בַּמְיֻשָּׁן. וְלֹא בַמְיֻשָּׁן בִּלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַיָּיִן. קוֹנָם בָּצָל שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, שֶׁהַבָּצָל רַע לַלֵּב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲלֹא הַכֻּפְרִי יָפֶה לַלֵּב, הֻתַּר בַּכֻּפְרִי. וְלֹא בַכֻּפְרִי בִלְבַד הֻתַּר, אֶלָּא בְכָל הַבְּצָלִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה, וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּכָל הַבְּצָלִים: \n",
+ "פּוֹתְחִין לָאָדָם בִּכְבוֹד עַצְמוֹ וּבִכְבוֹד בָּנָיו. אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אִלּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁלְּמָחָר אוֹמְרִין עָלֶיךָ כָּךְ הִיא וִסְתּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי, מְגָרֵשׁ אֶת נָשָׁיו, וְעַל בְּנוֹתֶיךָ יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִין בְּנוֹת גְּרוּשׁוֹת הֵן, מָה רָאֲתָה אִמָּן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ, וְאָמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁכֵּן, לֹא הָיִיתִי נוֹדֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פְּלוֹנִית כְּעוּרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא נָאָה. שְׁחוֹרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא לְבָנָה. קְצָרָה, וַהֲרֵי הִיא אֲרֻכָּה, מֻתָּר בָּהּ. לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְעוּרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית נָאָה, שְׁחוֹרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית לְבָנָה, קְצָרָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית אֲרֻכָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר טָעוּת. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִבַּת אֲחוֹתוֹ הֲנָיָה, וְהִכְנִיסוּהָ לְבֵית רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְיִפּוּהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, בְּנִי, לָזוֹ נָדָרְתָּ. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. וְהִתִּירוֹ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בָּכָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְאָמַר, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָאוֹת הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָעֲנִיּוּת מְנַוַּלְתָּן. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, הָיוּ בְנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאוֹת קִינָה וְאוֹמְרוֹת, בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּכֶינָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁאוּל (שמואל ב א) בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל שָׁאוּל בְּכֶינָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נַעֲרָה הַמְאֹרָסָה, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ. הֵפֵר הָאָב וְלֹא הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל, הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל וְלֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁקִּיֵּם אֶחָד מֵהֶן: \n",
+ "מֵת הָאָב, לֹא נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לַבָּעַל. מֵת הַבַּעַל, נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לָאָב. בָּזֶה יָפֶה כֹחַ הָאָב מִכֹּחַ הַבָּעַל. בְּדָבָר אַחֵר יָפֶה כֹחַ הַבַּעַל מִכֹּחַ הָאָב, שֶׁהַבַּעַל מֵפֵר בְּבֶגֶר, וְהָאָב אֵינוֹ מֵפֵר בְּבָגֶר: \n",
+ "נָדְרָה וְהִיא אֲרוּסָה, נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, נִתְאָרְסָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ לְמֵאָה, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁלֹּא יָצָאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אֶחָת, אָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ: \n",
+ "דֶּרֶךְ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, עַד שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בִתּוֹ יוֹצְאָה מֵאֶצְלוֹ, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתִי, הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין. וְכֵן הַבַּעַל עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, כָּל נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַרְתְּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּנְסִי לִרְשׁוּתִי, הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין, שֶׁמִּשֶּׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "בּוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁשָּׁהֲתָה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, וְאַלְמָנָה שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וּבַעְלָהּ חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ, יָפֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַבַּעַל מֵפֵר, עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתוֹ: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם, בֵּין לְיָבָם אֶחָד בֵּין לִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לְאֶחָד אֲבָל לֹא לִשְׁנָיִם. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא לְאֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנָיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה אִם אִשָּׁה, שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא מֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ, אִשָּׁה שֶׁהִקְנוּ לוֹ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיָּפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, לֹא, אִם אָמַרְתָּ בְאִשָּׁה שֶׁקָּנָה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁאֵין לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת, תֹּאמַר בְּאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִקְנוּ לוֹ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַאֲחֵרִים בָּהּ רְשׁוּת. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, עֲקִיבָא, דְּבָרֶיךָ בִשְׁנֵי יְבָמִין. מָה אַתָּה מֵשִׁיב עַל יָבָם אֶחָד. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין הַיְבָמָה גְמוּרָה לַיָּבָם כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָאֲרוּסָה גְמוּרָה לְאִישָׁהּ: \n",
+ "הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, כָּל הַנְּדָרִים שֶׁתִּדְּרִי מִכָּאן עַד שֶׁאָבֹא מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, הֲרֵי הֵן קַיָּמִין, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. הֲרֵי הֵן מוּפָרִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מוּפָר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, אִם הֵפֵר נְּדָרִים שֶׁבָּאוּ לִכְלָל אִסּוּר, לֹא יָפֵר נְדָרִים שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לִכְלָל אִסּוּר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר, אִישָׁהּ יְקִימֶנּוּ וְאִישָׁהּ יְפֵרֶנּוּ (במדבר ל), אֶת שֶׁבָּא לִכְלָל הָקֵם, בָּא לִכְלָל הָפֵר. לֹא בָא לִכְלָל הָקֵם, לֹא בָא לִכְלָל הָפֵר: \n",
+ "הֲפָרַת נְדָרִים, כָּל הַיּוֹם. יֵשׁ בַּדָּבָר לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. נָדְרָה בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, יָפֵר בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת וּבְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. נָדְרָה עִם חֲשֵׁכָה, מֵפֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא תֶחְשַׁךְ. שֶׁאִם חָשְׁכָה וְלֹא הֵפֵר, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "וְאֵלּוּ נְדָרִים שֶׁהוּא מֵפֵר, דְּבָרִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ, אִם אֶרְחָץ וְאִם לֹא אֶרְחָץ, אִם אֶתְקַשֵּׁט וְאִם לֹא אֶתְקַשֵּׁט. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵין אֵלּוּ נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נָפֶשׁ: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ הֵם נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ. אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם פֵּרוֹת הָעוֹלָם עָלָי, הֲרֵי זֶה יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. פֵּרוֹת מְדִינָה עָלָי, יָבִיא לָהּ מִמְּדִינָה אַחֶרֶת. פֵּרוֹת חֶנְוָנִי זֶה עָלָי, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. וְאִם לֹא הָיְתָה פַרְנָסָתוֹ אֶלָּא מִמֶּנּוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנָה לַבְּרִיּוֹת, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר, וִיכוֹלָה הִיא לֵהָנוֹת בְּלֶקֶט וּבְשִׁכְחָה וּבְפֵאָה. קוֹנָם כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם נֶהֱנִים לִי, יִטְּלוּ עַל כָּרְחוֹ. כֹּהֲנִים אֵלּוּ וּלְוִיִּם אֵלּוּ נֶהֱנִים לִי, יִטְּלוּ אֲחֵרִים: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּי אַבָּא, וְעַל פִּי אָבִיךָ, וְעַל פִּי אָחִי, וְעַל פִּי אָחִיךָ, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשָׂה עַל פִּיךָ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהָפֵר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר, שֶׁמָּא תַעְדִּיף עָלָיו יוֹתֵר מִן הָרָאוּי לוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, יָפֵר, שֶׁמָּא יְגָרְשֶׁנָּה וּתְהִי אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו: \n",
+ "נָדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בִתּוֹ, נָדְרָה בִתּוֹ וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, נָדְרָה בְנָזִיר וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְקָרְבָּן, נָדְרָה בְקָרְבָּן וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְנָזִיר, נָדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הָעֲנָבִים, נָדְרָה מִן הָעֲנָבִים וְסָבוּר שֶׁנָּדְרָה מִן הַתְּאֵנִים, הֲרֵי זֶה יַחֲזֹר וְיָפֵר: \n",
+ "אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת, קִיֵּם לַתְּאֵנִים, כֻּלּוֹ קַיָּם. הֵפֵר לַתְּאֵנִים, אֵינוֹ מוּפָר עַד שֶׁיָּפֵר אַף לָעֲנָבִים. אָמְרָה, קוֹנָם תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֶמֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁנֵי נְדָרִים: \n",
+ "יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ נְדָרִים, אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפֵרִין, יָפֵר. יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ מְפֵרִין אֲבָל אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁזֶּה נֶדֶר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יָפֵר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָפֵר: \n",
+ "הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲתָנוֹ וְהוּא רוֹצֶה לָתֵת לְבִתּוֹ מָעוֹת, אוֹמֵר לָהּ, הֲרֵי הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְתוּנִים לָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לְבַעְלֵךְ רְשׁוּת בָּהֶן, אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁאַתְּ נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת בְּפִיךְ: \n",
+ "וְנֵדֶר אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה יָקוּם עָלֶיהָ (במדבר ל). כֵּיצַד. אָמְרָה, הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. נָדְרָה וְהִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל, מֵפֵר לָהּ. כֵּיצַד. אָמְרָה, הֲרֵינִי נְזִירָה לְאַחַר שְׁלשִׁים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בְתוֹךְ שְׁלשִׁים, הֲרֵי זֶה מוּפָר. נָדְרָה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, נִתְגָּרְשָׁה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, הֶחֱזִירָהּ בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁיָּצָאת לִרְשׁוּת עַצְמָהּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר: \n",
+ "תֵּשַׁע נְעָרוֹת, נִדְרֵיהֶן קַיָּמִין. בּוֹגֶרֶת וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה וּבָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ וּמִשֶּׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ בָּגְרָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּשִּׂיא בִתּוֹ הַקְּטַנָּה, וְנִתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה וְחָזְרָה אֶצְלוֹ, עֲדַיִן הִיא נַעֲרָה: \n",
+ "קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֵית לְאַבָּא וּלְאָבִיךָ אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּיךָ, שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֵית לְךָ אִם עוֹשָׂה אֲנִי עַל פִּי אַבָּא, וְעַל פִּי אָבִיךָ, הֲרֵי זֶה יָפֵר: \n",
+ "בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלשׁ נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְנוֹטְלוֹת כְּתֻבָּה, הָאוֹמֶרֶת טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לְךָ, שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינֶךָ, נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים. חָזְרוּ לוֹמַר, שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא אִשָּׁה נוֹתֶנֶת עֵינֶיהָ בְאַחֵר וּמְקַלְקֶלֶת עַל בַּעְלָהּ. אֶלָּא הָאוֹמֶרֶת טְמֵאָה אֲנִי לְךָ, תָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ. שָׁמַיִם בֵּינִי לְבֵינֶךָ, יַעֲשׂוּ דֶרֶךְ בַּקָּשָׁה. נְטוּלָה אֲנִי מִן הַיְּהוּדִים, יָפֵר חֶלְקוֹ, וּתְהֵא מְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ, וּתְהֵא נְטוּלָה מִן הַיְּהוּדִים: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה נדרים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, by D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, [1843], at sacred-texts.com.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, by D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, [1843], at sacred-texts.com.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6bb005d69a5fc89fed295adcf6e93f83715283c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, by D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, [1843], at sacred-texts.com.json
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/etm/index.htm",
+ "versionTitle": "Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, by D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, [1843], at sacred-texts.com",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, 1843",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Fifteen classes of women exempt their rivals and their rivals' rivals ad infinitum from Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] and Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. And these are they: His [the Yavam - the surviving brother's] daughter, and his daughter's daughter, and his son's daughter, and his wife's daughter, and her [his wife's] son's daughter, and her [his wife's] daughter's daughter, and his mother-in-law, and his mother-in-law's mother, and his father-in-law's mother, and his maternal sister, and his mother's sister, and his wife's sister, and his maternal brother's wife, and the wife of his brother who was not alive [when the younger brother lived], and his daughter-in-law. These exempt their rivals and their rivals' rivals from Chalitzah and from Yibum ad infinitum. [If] any of these [women] died, or refused [as adults to remain in marriages they were forced into as minors], or were divorced, or were found to be barren, their rivals are permitted [to the Yavam]. But regarding his mother-in-law, and his mother-in-law's mother, and his father-in-law's mother you cannot say that they were found to be barren or that they refused. ",
+ "How do they [these women] exempt their rivals? [If] one's daughter or any one of these forbidden unions was married to his brother who had another wife, and he died - then just like his daughter is exempt [from Yibum because one cannot marry one's daughter], so too is her rival exempt. [If] his daughter's rival went and married his second brother who had another wife and then he [the second brother] died - then just like his daughter's rival is exempt [from Yibum] so too is her rival's rival exempt, even if there are a hundred [brothers]. How is it to be understood that when these have died their rivals are permitted? [If] one's daughter, or any one of these forbidden unions was married to his brother who had another wife, and his daughter died, or was divorced, and subsequently his brother died, her rival is permitted. And [if] a woman could have refused but did not refuse, her rival performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum.",
+ "[There are] six forbidden unions [whose cases are] more stringent than these, because they are married to others their rivals are permitted. His mother, and his father's wife, and his father's sister, and his paternal sister, and his father's brother's wife, and his paternal brother's wife.",
+ "Beit Shammai permit the rivals to the brothers [for marriage], but Beit Hillel forbid [them]. [If these women] had performed Chalitzah Beit Shammai disqualify them from [subsequently marrying] priests, but Beit Hillel allow them [to do so]. [If these women] had undergone Yibum, Beit Shammai permit them [to subsequently marry priests], but Beit Hillel disqualify them [from such a union]. Even though these [one school] prohibit and these [the other school] permit, these disqualify and these allow, Beit Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from Beit Hillel, nor did Beit Hillel [refrain from marrying women] from Beit Shammai. [With regard to] purity and impurity where these ruled [a matter] pure and these ruled [it] impure, they did not refrain from using [utensils] the other deemed pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "How [does] the wife of his brother who was not alive [release her rival]? [If there were] two brothers and one dies [childless] and [a third] brother was born to them, following which the second brother performs Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow] for his brother's wife and dies, then the first woman [the initial widow] goes out [without Yibum or Chalitzah - the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] because she was the wife of his brother who was not alive [when the younger brother lived]; and the second [wife of the second brother is also exempt] because of her rival [the initial widow]. [If] he [the second brother] performed Ma’amar [semi-betrothal of a Yevama through money or a document] and died, the second [wife of the second brother] performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum.",
+ "[If there were] two brothers and one of them dies, and the second performs Yibum for his brother's wife, whereupon another [third] brother was born, and [the second brother] dies - the first [widow] goes out [without further ceremony] because she was the wife of his brother who was not alive, and the second [widow of the second brother goes out] since she is her [the initial widow's] rival. [If] he [the second brother] performed Ma’amar [for the initial widow] and died the second [wife of the second brother] performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum. Rabbi Shimon says: He [the third brother] performs Yibum for whomever of them he wants or undergoes Chalitzah from whomever of them he wants.",
+ "They stated a rule with regard to a Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her]: [If] a woman is prohibited due to Ervah [a forbidden union with a relative] neither does she perform Chalitzah nor is Yibum performed for her. [If] a woman is prohibited due to [another, non-Ervah] prohibition commandment, or due to a prohibition of sanctity, she performs Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for her. [If] her sister is her sister-in-law, she performs Chalitzah or Yibum is performed for her. ",
+ "A prohibition commandment [refers to] the secondary degrees [of forbidden unions] prohibited by rabbinic decree. A prohibition due to sanctity [refers to] a widow [marrying] a high priest, a divorced woman or a Chalutzah [a woman who performs Chalitzah, marrying] a common priest, a Mamzeret [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman] or a Netinah [a member of a caste of Temple servants historically descended from the Gibeonites, marrying] a Jew, and the daughter of a Jew [marrying] a Mamzer or a Netin. ",
+ "[If] one has any kind of a brother [even a Mamzer] he [such a brother] binds his [dead] brother's wife to Yibum. And he is his brother with regard to all matters, except when one has [a brother] from a bondwoman, or from a gentile woman. [If] one has any kind of a son [even a Mamzer] he exempts his father's wife from Yibum; and he is liable for striking him [his father] or cursing him [his father]. And he is his son with regard to all matters, except when one has [a son] from a bondwoman, or from a gentile woman.",
+ "[If] one betrothed one of two sisters, but does not know which of them he betrothed, he gives a bill of divorce to this one and a bill of divorce to that one. If he died and he had one brother, he [that brother] undergoes Chalitzah from both [women]. If he had two brothers, one undergoes Chalitzah [from one woman] and one performs Yibum [with the other woman]. [If] they went ahead and married [the sisters] they [the women] are not removed from them.",
+ "[If] two men betrothed two sisters and this one [one of them] does not know which he betrothed, and this one [the other] does not know which one he betrothed, this one gives two bills of divorce [one to each woman] and this one gives two bills of divorce. If they [the men] died and this one had a brother and this one had a brother, this one undergoes Chalitzah from both women, and this one undergoes Chalitzah from both women. If one of [the men] had one [brother], and the other had two [brothers] the lone bother undergoes Chalitzah from both women; and [with regard] to the two - one undergoes Chalitzah [from one woman] and one performs Yibum [with the other woman]. [If] they went ahead and married the sisters they [the women] are not removed from them. [If] this one had two [brothers] and this one had two [brothers], the brother of this one undergoes Chalitzah from one woman and the brother of this one [the other man] undergoes Chalitzah from one woman. The brother of this one performs Yibum with the Chalutzah of this one, and the brother of this one [the other man] performs Yibum with the Chalutzah of this one. [If] the two [brothers of one man] went ahead and underwent Chalitzah the two [brothers of the other man] should not perform Yibum, rather one of them undergoes Chalitzah and one of them performs Yibum. If they [the brothers of the second man] went ahead and married them [following the Chalitzah of the two] they are not removed from them.",
+ "It is the obligation for the eldest brother to perform Yibum; however, if the younger [brother] went ahead [and did it] he has merited [the Mitzvah]. [If] one was accused of [having relations] with a bondwoman and she was [subsequently] freed, or with a gentile woman and she [subsequently] converted, he may not marry her. But if he did she is not removed from him. [If] one was accused of [having relations] with a married woman, and [consequently] she is removed from him [her husband], even if he [the suspected adulterer] marries [her], he must divorce [her].",
+ "[If] a person brings a bill of divorce from overseas and states, \"It was written before me and it was signed before me\", he [the messenger] may not marry his wife [the woman named in the divorce]. [If a person testified that a man is] \"dead\", or \"I killed him\", or \"we killed him\", he may not marry his wife [the woman he is addressing]. Rabbi Yehudah says: [If he says] \"I killed him\" he may not marry his wife; [but if he says] \"we killed him\" he may marry his wife.",
+ "[If] a sage prohibits a wife to her husband due to a vow [by upholding a vow the woman took] he may not marry her. [But] he may marry her [if] the woman refused [as an adult to remain in a marriage she was forced into as a minor] before him, or performed Chalitzah before him, since he [functions] as a court. And in all [the above mentioned cases] if they had wives [at the time of the cases] and they [their wives subsequently] died, they are allowed to marry them. And in all [the above mentioned cases if the women] married others [following their cases] and then got divorced or became widowed, they [the messenger, the witness or the sage] are allowed to marry them. And in all [the above mentioned cases] the women are allowed [to marry] their [the messenger's witness's or sage's] sons or brothers."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If there were] four brothers two of whom married two sisters, and they who had married the sisters died, they [the sisters] perform Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] but do not undergo Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. And if they [the surviving brothers] went ahead and married them, they are removed from them. Rabbi Eliezer says: Beit Shammai say they may maintain them, but Beit Hillel say they remove them.",
+ "[If] one of them [the sisters] was prohibited to one of the brothers due to Ervah [a forbidden union with a relative], he is forbidden to [marry] her, yet is permitted to [marry] her sister, and the second [surviving brother] is prohibited to [marry] both of them. If one of them [the sisters, is prohibited due to] a prohibition commandment, or [due to] a prohibition of sanctity, she performs Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for her. ",
+ "[If] one of them [the sisters] is prohibited to one [of the brothers] due to Ervah and the second [sister] is prohibited to one [the other brother] due to Ervah, then she who is prohibited to one brother is permitted to the other, and she who is prohibited to the other brother is permitted to this one. And this is what they said [meant by]: [If] her sister is her sister-in-law, she performs Chalitzah or Yibum is performed for her. ",
+ "[If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, or [married] a woman and her daughter, or a woman and her daughter's daughter, or a woman and her son's daughter then these women perform Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for them. Rabbi Shimon exempts them [even from Chalitzah]. [If] one of them [the women] was prohibited to him [the surviving third brother] due to Ervah he is forbidden to her, but is permitted to her sister. If one of them [them was prohibited due to] a prohibition commandment, or [due to] a prohibition of sanctity, she performs Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for her. ",
+ "[If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, while the other [third brother remained] unmarried, and one of the sisters' husbands died, and the unmarried brother performed Ma’amar [semi-betrothal of a Yevama through money or a document], and subsequently his second brother died, Beit Shammai say: His wife [the initial widow stays] with him, and the other [sister] goes out [with no further ceremony] because she is his wife's sister. But Beit Hillel say: He removes his wife with a bill of divorce and with Chalitzah, and his [second] brother's wife with Chalitzah. This is what they said [meant by]: Woe to him because of his wife, and woe to him because of his brother's wife. ",
+ "[If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, while the other [third brother] married an unrelated woman, and one of the sisters' husbands died, and the one who had married the unrelated woman marries his wife and then dies, the first [widow] goes out [with no further ceremony] because she is his [the surviving brother's] wife's sister, and the second [unrelated] woman [goes out] because she is her rival. [If] he [the brother married to the unrelated woman] performed Ma’amar and dies the unrelated woman performs Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for her. [If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, while the other [third brother] married an unrelated woman, and the one married to the unrelated woman died, and one of the ones who had married the sisters marries his wife, and dies, the first one [the first wife who was a sister] goes out [with no further ceremony] because she is his [the surviving brother's] wife's sister, and the other one [the unrelated woman goes out] because she is her rival. If he [the brother with the wife who's a sister] performed Ma’amar [for the unrelated woman] and dies the unrelated woman performs Chalitzah [for the surviving brother] but Yibum is not performed for her.",
+ "[If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, while the other [third brother] married an unrelated woman, and one of the sisters' husbands died, and the one who had married the unrelated woman marries his wife, and then the wife of the second [brother] dies, and then he who had married the unrelated woman dies, she [the surviving sister] is forbidden to him [to her sister's widower] forever because she was forbidden to him at one point. [If there were] three brothers two of whom married two sisters, while the other [third brother] married an unrelated woman, and one of the ones who had married the sisters divorced his wife, and the brother married to the unrelated woman died, and the one who had divorced [his wife] married [the widowed unrelated woman] and died, this is what they said [meant by]: [If] any of these [women] died or were divorced their rivals are permitted [to the Yavam, the other brother married to a sister].",
+ "In all [cases where women exempted due to Ervah exempt their rivals as well] if there was an uncertain betrothal or divorce, the rivals perform Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for them. What is [a case of] uncertain betrothal? [If for example] he threw the betrothal [object, such as money] and it is uncertain whether it fell nearer to him or to her - that is uncertain betrothal. A doubtful divorce is [if] he wrote [the bill of divorce] in his own handwriting but it has no witnesses' [signatures] on it; or if it has witnesses' [signatures] on it but it has no date on it; or if it has a date on it but it only has one witness's [signature] on it - those are [cases of] uncertain divorce.",
+ "[If there were] three brothers married to three unrelated women, and one of them [the brothers] died, and the second brother performed Ma’amar [for the widow] and dies, they [his two widows] perform Chalitzah but Yibum is not performed for them, as it is said (Devarim 25:5), \"And one them dies... her husband's brother shall go in to her,\" [that refers to] one who is bound to one Yavam, but not to one who is bound to two Yevamim. Rabbi Shimon says: He may perform Yibum for whichever [woman] he wants and undergo Chalitzah from the other one. [If there were] two brothers married to two sisters and one of them dies, and afterwards the wife of the second brother dies, she [the widow] is forbidden to him forever because she was forbidden to him at one point. ",
+ "[If] two men betrothed two women and when they entered the marriage canopy they [accidentally] switched this one's [bride] for this one's [bride] they are liable for [subsequent relations with] a married woman. [If] they were brothers [they are liable for relations] with a brother's wife. And if they were sisters [they are liable for relations] with \"a woman and her sister\". If they were Niddot [women who have menstruated and are thereby impure, they are liable for relations] with a Niddah. And we separate them for three months [from their husbands since] they are perhaps pregnant. And if they are minors who are unable to bear [children] we return them [to their husbands] immediately. And if they are [daughters of] priests they are disqualified from [eating] Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their households]. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If] an individual underwent Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] from his Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her], and she was [subsequently] found to be pregnant and bore [a child]: If the child will live [for example, he was born after a full period of gestation] he [the Yavam - one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage] is permitted to [marry] her relatives, and she is permitted to his relatives, nor is she disqualified [from marrying] a priest. [If] the child will not [necessarily] live [for example, he is premature] he [the Yavam] is forbidden to her relatives, and she is forbidden to his relatives, and she is disqualified [from marrying] a priest.",
+ "[If] an individual married his Yevama and she was [subsequently] found to be pregnant and bore [a child]: If the child will live, he must divorce [her] and they are liable for a sacrifice [for having relations]; but if the child will not live, he may maintain her [as a wife]. [If it is] uncertain whether the child was born [after] nine months from the first [husband], or [after] seven months from the second [lit. last husband], he divorces her, but the child is legitimate, and they [both] are liable for an Asham Talui [a guilt-offering brought upon possible commission of a sin].",
+ "[If] a Shomeret Yavam [the widow of a childless man whose brother-in-law has not yet married her nor released her from the obligation of Levirate marriage] inherits property Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel agree that she may sell it or give it away and that [such a transaction] stands. [If a Shomeret Yavam] dies, what should they do with her Ketubah[a monetary settlement payable to a woman upon divorce or the death of her husband] and with the property that comes in with her [upon marriage] and goes out with her [upon divorce]? Beit Shammai say: The inheritors of the husband and the inheritors of the father divide it; but Beit Hillel say: The [usufruct] property goes to them [both groups], the Ketubah goes to the inheritors of the husband, and the property that comes in and goes out with her goes to the father's inheritors.",
+ "[Once the Yavam] has married her [the Yevama] she is considered his wife in every respect, except that her Ketubah is taken from her first husband's estate.",
+ "It is the obligation for the eldest brother to perform Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. [If] he is unwilling they go to each of the brothers; if they are unwilling they return to the eldest brother and say to him, \"The obligation is incumbent upon you - either undergo Chalitzah or perform Yibum.\"",
+ "If he delays his decision [arguing that the woman should wait] until the younger brother grows up, or until an older brother arrives from overseas, or until a brother who is a deaf-mute or a shoteh [recovers], they do not heed him, but they say to him, \"The obligation is incumbent upon you - either undergo Chalitzah or perform Yibum.\"",
+ "[If] one has undergone Chalitzah from his Yevama he [remains] on equal footing with his brothers with respect to the inheritance [of his deceased brother]; but if there is a father [he is still alive] the estate is the father's. If one marries his Yevama he acquires his brother's estate. Rabbi Yehudah says: In either case - if there is a father the estate is the father's. [If] one has undergone Chalitzah from his Yevama, he is forbidden to her relatives and she is forbidden to his relatives. He is forbidden to her mother, and to her mother's mother, and to her father's mother, and to her daughter, and to her daughter's daughter, and to her son's daughter, and to her sister as long as she [the Yevama] is alive. The brothers [of the Yavam] are permitted [to her relatives]. And she is forbidden to his father, and to his father's father, and to his son, and to his son's son, and to his brother, and to his brother's son. A man is permitted to the relative of his Chalutzah's [a woman who performs Chalitzah] rival, but is forbidden to the rival of his Chalutzah's relative. ",
+ "[If] one has undergone Chalitzah from his Yevama and his brother marries her sister and he [the brother] dies, she performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum. And similarly [if] one divorces his wife, and his brother marries her sister and he [the brother] dies, she is exempt from Chalitzah and from Yibum.",
+ "[If] the brother [of the deceased] betroths the sister of the Shomeret Yavam, they said in the name of Rabbi Yehudah ben Beteira: They say to him, \"Wait until your older brother proceeds to act.\" [If] his brother underwent Chalitzah from her or married her, he may marry his wife [the sister]. [If] the Yevama dies he may marry his wife [the sister]. [If] the Yavam dies, he must divorce his wife [the sister] with a bill of divorce and undergo Chalitzah from his brother's wife. ",
+ "A Yevama should not perform Chalitzah or accept Yibum until three months have passed [following her husband's death]. And all other women should not become betrothed, and should not be married until three months have passed. [This applies to all women] regardless of whether they were virgins or not virgins, or whether they were divorced or were widowed, or whether they were married or betrothed. Rabbi Yehudah says: Women who had been married may become betrothed [without waiting], and women who were betrothed may get married, save for a betrothed woman in [the region of] Judah since there he is intimate with her. Rabbi Yose says: All women may become betrothed [without waiting] save for a widow because of the mourning.",
+ "[If] four brothers marry four women and [all] die, the eldest [among other surviving brothers] he has the right to perform Yibum for all them [the widows] if he so wishes. If one was married to two wives and died, relations [for Yibum] or Chalitzah with one of them exempts her rival. [If] one is eligible and one is ineligible, [then] if [he chooses] to undergo Chalitzah he undergoes Chalitzah from the ineligible woman; and if [he chooses] to perform Yibum he performs Yibum with the eligible woman. ",
+ "[If] one re-marries his divorced wife, or [if] one marries his one Chalutzah [after performing Chalitzah], or [if] one marries the relative of his Chalutzah, he must divorce the woman, and any child [resulting from the union] is a Mamzer [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman], these are the words of Rabbi Akiva; but the Sages say the child is not a Mamzer. And they agree that [if] one marries the relative of his divorced wife, the child is a Mamzer. ",
+ "Who is a Mamzer? [Relations with] any close relative subject to \"He shall not enter\" (Devarim 23:3) [produces a Mamzer], these are the words of Rabbi Akiva. Shimon HaTimni says: [Relations with] anyone with whom one is liable to Karet [excision] at the hands of Heaven [produces a Mamzer], and the law follows his approach. Rabbi Yehoshua says: [Relations with] anyone with whom one is liable to capital punishment [produces a Mamzer]. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I found a genealogical scroll in Jerusalem and [the following] was written in it: So-and-so is a Mamzer [as the product of a forbidden union with] a married woman, which supports the position of Rabbi Yehoshua. If one's wife died, he is permitted to her sister; if one divorced [his wife] and she died, he is permitted to her sister. If she [his former wife] married another man and then died, he is permitted to her sister. [If] his Yevama died, he is permitted to her sister. [If] he underwent Chalitzah from her and she died, he is permitted to her sister. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabban Gamliel says: There is no bill of divorce after a bill of divorce, and there is no Ma’amar [semi-betrothal of a Yevama widow through money or a document] after Ma’amar, and there is no relations after relations, and no Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] after Chalitzah. And the Sages say: There is a bill of divorce after a bill of divorce, and there is Ma’amar after Ma’amar, but there is nothing after relations and nothing at all after Chalitzah. ",
+ "How so? [If] one performed Ma’amar for his Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her], and [subsequently] gave her a bill of divorce, she needs to perform Chalitzah for him. If he performed Ma’amar and underwent Chalitzah, she needs [to receive] a bill of divorce from him. If he performed Ma’amar and had relations, he is following the necessary Mitzvah. ",
+ "[If] one gave her [his Yevama] a bill of divorce, and performed Ma’amar she requires a [second] bill of divorce and Chalitzah. [If] one gave her a bill of divorce and had relations [with her] she requires a [second] bill of divorce and Chalitzah. [If] one gave her a bill of divorce and underwent Chalitzah from her there is nothing at all after Chalitzah. [If] he underwent Chalitzah from her and performed Ma’amar, or [if] he gave her a bill of divorce and had relations with her, or [if] he had relations with her and performed Ma’amar, or [if] he gave her a bill of divorce and underwent Chalitzah from her - there is nothing at all after Chalitzah. This is so with both one Yevama and one Yavam, or two Yevamot and one Yavam.",
+ "How so? [If] one performed Ma’amar with one [Yevama] and performed Ma’amar for [the other] one, they need two bills of divorce [each needs one] and Chalitzah. If he performed Ma’amar with one and gave [the other one] a bill of divorce, they need a bill of divorce and Chalitzah. [If] he performed Ma’amar with one and had relations with [the other] one they need two bills of divorce and Chalitzah. [If] he performed Ma’amar with one and underwent Chalitzah with [the other] one, the first one requires a bill of divorce. [If] he gave a bill of divorce to one and a bill of divorce to [the other] one they [both] require him to undergo Chalitzah. [If] he gave a bill of divorce to one and had relations with [the other] one she [the latter] requires a bill of divorce and she [either] requires him to undergo Chalitzah. If he gave a bill of divorce to one and performed Ma’amar for [the other] one she [the latter] requires a bill of divorce and she [either] requires him to undergo Chalitzah. If he gave a bill of divorce to one and underwent Chalitzah from [the other] one there is nothing at all after Chalitzah. ",
+ "[If] he underwent Chalitzah [from one] and underwent Chalitzah [from the other]; or [if] he underwent Chalitzah [from one] and performed Ma’amar for the other one, or gave a bill of divorce [to the other one], or had relations [with the other one]; or [if] he had relations [with one] and had relations [with the other one]; or [if] he had relations [with one] and performed Ma’amar [for the other one], or he gave a bill of divorce [to the other one], or underwent Chalitzah [from the other one], there is nothing at all after Chalitzah. This is so with both one Yavam and two Yevamot, or two Yevamim and one Yevama.",
+ "[If] one underwent Chalitzah and [subsequently] performed Ma’amar; or [if] gave her a bill of divorce and had relations with her; or [if] he had relations with her and [subsequently] performed Ma’amar; or if he gave her a bill of divorce and underwent Chalitzah there is nothing at all after Chalitzah, whether it's at the beginning, or in the middle or at the end. And [with regard to] relations - when it's at the beginning there is nothing at all after it. If it is in the middle or at the end there can be something after it. Rabbi Nechemiah says: [With regard to] both relations and Chalitzah there is nothing at all after it, whether it is at the beginning or in the middle or at the end. "
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "[If] a widow [was married] to a High Priest, or a divorced woman or a Chalutzah [a woman who performs Chalitzah, was married] to a common priest, and [through the marriage] brought him [her husband] usufruct of slaves or slaves of guaranteed property - usufruct slaves may not eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households], but guaranteed property slaves may eat [Terumah]. And these are usufruct slaves: If they die - they die to her [she suffers the financial loss], and if they appreciate in value - they appreciate for her. Even though he is liable for their sustenance, they may not eat Terumah. And these are guaranteed property slaves: If they die - they die to him [he suffers the financial loss], and if they appreciate in value - they appreciate for him. Since he is responsible for them, they may eat Terumah. ",
+ "[If] the daughter of an Israelite [was married] to a priest and brought slaves in to him, they may eat Terumah whether they are usufruct slaves or guaranteed property slaves. But if the daughter of a priest [was married] to an Israelite, and brought slaves in to him, they may not Terumah whether they are usufruct slaves or guaranteed property slaves.",
+ "[If] the daughter of an Israelite [was married] to a priest who died leaving her pregnant, her slaves may not eat Terumah because of the portion of the unborn child, since the unborn child disqualifies but does not confer the right to eat [Terumah], these are the words of Rabbi Yose. They [the Sages] said to him: Even as you affirm this in respect to the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a priest, so too [if] the daughter of a priest [was married] to a priest who died leaving her pregnant, her slaves may not eat Terumah because of the portion of the unborn child. ",
+ "An unborn child, and a Yavam [the one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage], and betrothal, and a deaf mute, and a boy nine years and one day old disqualify [the daughter of a priest from eating Terumah] but do not confer the right to eat. [If] it is uncertain whether he is nine years and one day or not, or it is uncertain whether he has grown two hairs [of puberty] or he has not grown [he disqualifies and does not confer the right to eat]. If a house collapses on an individual and his brother's daughter and it is unknown who died first, her rival performs Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] but she does not undergo Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow].",
+ "The rapist, and the seducer, and the shoteh do not disqualify and do not confer the right to eat. And if they are not eligible to enter [marry into the nation of] Israel they do disqualify. How so? [If] an Israelite had relations with the daughter of a priest, she may eat Terumah. [If] she became pregnant, she may not eat Terumah. If the unborn child was cut up inside her womb she may eat [Terumah]. [If] a priest had relations with the daughter of an Israelite she may not eat Terumah. [If] she became pregnant, she may not eat [Terumah]. [If] she gave birth she may eat [Terumah]. What emerges is that the power of the son is greater than that of the father. The slave disqualifies due to having relations, but does not disqualify due to children. How so? [If] the daughter of an Israelite [was married] to a priest, or [if] the daughter of a priest [was married] to an Israelite, and she bore him son, and that son went and had relations with a maidservant who bore him a son, then he is a slave. [If] his father's mother was the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a priest, she may not eat Terumah; but [if] she were the daughter of a priest [married] to an Israelite she may eat Terumah. A Mamzer [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman] disqualifies and confers the right to eat. How so? [If] the daughter of an Israelite [was married] to a priest, or a priest's daughter [was married] to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a slave or a gentile, and bore him a son, the son is a Mamzer. [If] his mother's mother was the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a priest, she may eat Terumah. [If] she was a priest's daughter [married] to an Israelite she may not eat Terumah. ",
+ "A High Priest may occasionally disqualify. How so? [If] a priest's daughter [was married] to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and that daughter went and married a priest, and bore him a son - he [that son] is eligible to be a High Priest, to stand and minister on the altar; he confers the right to eat [Terumah] on his mother but disqualifies his mother's mother, who may well say: \"May there not be like my grandson the High Priest who disqualifies me from eating Terumah.\""
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "There are certain classes of women who, although lawfully married, are, nevertheless, prohibited to marry [in the event of the death of their husbands without issue] their brothers-in-law by yibum. Others may marry their brothers-in-law, although their marriage with their deceased husbands was illegitimate. Some, again, are permitted to both husband and brother-in-law; while others are prohibited to both. Lawfully married, and yet prohibited to their brother-in-law, are,—a widow married to an ordinary priest, whose brother is a high-priest; [also] when a desecrated priest, who has a brother properly qualified, marries a qualified priest's daughter; when an Israelite, who has a bastard brother, was married to an Israelite woman; when a bastard marries a bastardess, and he has a legitimate Israelite brother:—all these marriages are indeed legal, but the females may, nevertheless, in case of their husband's death, not marry their brothers-in-law by yibum.",
+ "The following women may be married to their brothers-in-law by yibum, although they had been illegitimately married to their husbands:—when a high-priest, whose brother is an ordinary priest, has betrothed a widow; when a priest, whose brother is a desecrated priest, had married a profane woman; when a legitimately born Israelite has a bastard brother, and marries a bastardess; or a bastard, whose brother is a legitimately born Israelite, married an Israelite woman:—all these may be married to their brothers-in-law by yibum, although they were [in the first instance] illegally married to their deceased husbands. Prohibited to both husband and brother-in-law are:—when a high-priest married a widow, and his brother also became high-priest, or even if only an ordinary priest; when a qualified priest, whose brother is also qualified, had married a profane woman; when a legitimately born Israelite, who has a legitimate brother, marries a bastardess:—all these [women] are prohibited to both husband and brother-in-law, but every other woman [legally married] may be married by yibum.",
+ "In respect to the secondary degrees prohibited by the scribes, the following is to he observed:—when a woman is related in the secondary degree to her husband, but not to her brother-in-law, she is indeed unlawfully married, but may [if a widow without issue] be married by yibum to her late husband's brother; if related in the secondary degree to her brother-in-law, but not to her husband, she cannot be married to her brother-in-law by yibum, although the marriage with her late husband was strictly legal; but if related in the secondary degree to both, she is prohibited to both: such a woman has no right to the portion secured to her by her marriage-contract, nor repayment for the usufructum goods she brought to her husband, nor has she a right to her maintenance, and to repayment for the wear and tear [deterioration] of the property of which her husband had the usufruct; her offspring however, are legitimate, but the husband must be compelled to divorce her. A widow married to a high-priest; or a divorced woman, or one who had performed the ceremony of Chalitzah, married to an ordinary priest; a bastardess, and a female Netin, married to an Israelite; and a legitimately-born Israelite woman married to a Netin, or to a bastard—have a right to their Ketubah [though illegally married.]",
+ "An Israelite woman who was betrothed to a priest, or is pregnant by one, or is waiting to be married by yibum to a priest; a priest's daughter also, who is similarly situated in respect to an Israelite, may not eat of the heave; an Israelite woman betrothed to, or pregnant by, a Levite, or waiting to be married to one by yibum; also a Levite's daughter similarly situated in respect to an Israelite, may not eat tithe. A Levite's daughter betrothed to, or pregnant by, a priest, or one who waits to be married to a priest by yibum; also a priest's daughter similarly situated in respect to a Levite, may neither eat of the heave-offering, nor of tithe.",
+ "An Israelite woman married to a priest, may eat of the heave, and also after his death if left with a son by him; if she then married a Levite she may eat tithe, and also, after his death, if left with a son by him. If she married subsequently an Israelite, she may no longer eat either heave or tithe, not even after the decease of her Israelite husband, in case she was left with a son by him; if after his death his son also died, she may eat tithe; when her son from the Levite dies, she may again eat heave, and when her son from the priest also dies, she may not eat either heave or tithes.",
+ "A priest's daughter married to an Israelite, may not eat heave, even after his death, if left with a son by him; if she married afterwards a Levite, she may eat tithe, also after his death, if left with a son by him: if she was then again married to a priest, she may eat heave; after the death of her son from the priest, she may no longer eat heave; after the death of her son from the Levite she may not eat tithe, and if her son: by the Israelite also dies, she returns to her father's house. And the text (Lev. xxii. 13) applies to her case, where it is said, \"She shall again return to her father's house as in her youth, and shall eat of her father's meat,\" "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A woman whose husband went overseas, and they [a witness] came to her and said, \"Your husband died\", [whereupon] she re-married, following which her [first] husband arrived - she leaves this one and this one and requires a bill of divorce from this one and from this one. [Such a woman] has [receives] no Ketubah [a monetary settlement payable to a woman upon divorce or the death of her husband], nor [repayment for the] usufruct [she brought into the marriage], nor maintenance, nor [repayment for the] deterioration [of her usufruct] from either this [husband] or this [husband]. If she took from this one or from this one return she returns [the money]. And a child [born] from this one or from this one is a Mamzer [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman]. And neither this [husband if he's a priest] or this [husband if he's a priest] may become impure on her account [that is, they may not bury her if she dies]. And neither this one nor this one have rights to her findings or to her handiwork [earnings], and neither [have the power] to annul her vows. [If the woman was] the daughter of an Israelite she is disqualified [from getting married] to a priest; [if the woman was] the daughter of a Levite [she may not eat] Ma'aser [Ma'aser Rishon is the first tithe of produce which must be given to the Levite]; [if the woman was] the daughter of a priest [she may not eat] Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]. And neither the heirs of this one nor the heirs of this one inherit her Ketubah. And if they [the two husbands] die the brother of this one and the brother of this one undergo Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] but neither perform Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. Rabbi Yose says: Her Ketubah [is paid] from the estate of her first husband. Rabbi Elazar says: The first one has rights to her findings and to her handiwork [earnings], and [has the power] to annul her vows. Rabbi Shimon says: [If] the brother of the first [husband] has relations with her or undergoes Chalitzah from her that exempts her rival, and a child [born] from him [the first husband] is not a Mamzer. And if she married without permission [of the court] she is permitted to return to him [the first husband].",
+ "[If] a woman married based on the court's authorization [where a single witness testified], she leaves [both men] and is exempt from a sacrifice [for unlawful relations]. [If] she did not marry based on the court's authorization she leaves and is liable for a sacrifice. This is the strength of the court in that it exempts her from a sacrifice. [If] the court ruled that she may marry and she went and acted unlawfully, she is liable for a sacrifice since the court only allowed her to get married [lawfully]. ",
+ "[If] a woman had a husband and a son who went overseas, and they [a witness] came to her and said, \"Your husband died and then your son died\", [whereupon] she re-married, following which they said, \"The events were reversed\" - she leaves [her second husband] and the first and the last child are Mamzerim. [If] they said to her, \"Your son died and then your husband died,\" [whereupon] she underwent Yibum, following which they said, \"The events were reversed\" - she leaves [her second husband] and the first and the last child are Mamzerim. [If] they said to her, \"Your husband died\", [whereupon] she re-married, following which they said to her, \"He was alive [when you remarried] and [then] died, she leaves and the first child is a Mamzer but the last child is not a Mamzer. If they said to her, \"Your husband died\" and she became betrothed, and then her [first] husband arrived she is permitted to return to him. Even if the latter [husband] gave her a bill of divorce, he has not disqualified her from [subsequently marrying] a priest. This was how Rabbi Elazar ben Matya interpreted [the verse] (Vayikra 21:7), \"[A priest shall not marry] a woman divorced from her husband,\" - [but he may marry a woman divorced] from a man who was not her husband.",
+ "[If] a man had a wife who went overseas, and they [a witness] came to him and said, \"Your wife died\" [whereupon] he married her sister, and then his wife arrived, she may return to him. He is permitted [to marry] the relatives of the second one [wife], and the second one is permitted [to marry] his relatives. And if the first one died, he is permitted [to marry] the second one. [If] they [a witness] said to him \"Your wife died\" [whereupon] he married her sister, and then they said \"She was alive [when you remarried] and [then] died,\" the first child is a Mamzer but the last child is not a Mamzer. Rabbi Yose says: Whoever disqualifies [a woman] for other people disqualifies for himself [as well], and whoever does not disqualify for other people does not disqualify for himself [either]. ",
+ "[If] they [a witness] said to him, \"Your wife died\" [whereupon] he married her paternal sister. She [the second wife] died [whereupon] he married her [the second wife's] maternal sister. She [the third wife] died [whereupon] he married her [the third wife's] paternal sister. She [the fourth wife] died [whereupon] he married her [the fourth wife's] maternal sister. [If] they were all found alive he is permitted [to marry] the first, third and fifth women and they exempt their rivals [from Yibum should the man die], and he is forbidden [to marry] the second and fourth women, and relations [of the Yavam with] either one does not exempt her rival. And if he had relations with the second one after the death of the first one, he is permitted [to marry] the second and fourth women, and they exempt their rivals; but he is forbidden [to marry] the third and the fifth women and relations [of the Yavam with] either one does not exempt her rival.",
+ "A boy from the age of nine years and one day disqualifies [his Yevama for Yibum] with his brothers, and his brothers disqualify her for him. But while he disqualifies her from the outset only, the brothers disqualify her from the outset and at the end. How so? [If] a boy the age of nine years and one day had relations with his Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her] he disqualifies [her] for his brothers. [If] [one of] the brothers had relations with her, or performed Ma’amar [semi-betrothal of a Yevama widow through money or a document] for her, or gave her a bill of divorce or underwent Chalitzah from her, they have disqualified [her] for him. ",
+ "[If] a boy the age of nine years and one day had relations with his Yevama after which his brother who was the age of nine years and one day had relations with her, [the latter] disqualifies [her] for him [the former]. Rabbi Shimon says: He does not disqualify [her]. ",
+ "[If] a boy the age of nine years and one day had relations with his Yevama after which he had relations with her rival, he has disqualified [both women] from himself. Rabbi Shimon says: He does not disqualify [them]. [If] a boy the age of nine years and one day had relations with his Yevama after which he died, she performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum. [If such a lad] married a woman and he died she is exempt [from Chalitzah and Yibum]. ",
+ "[If] a boy the age of nine years and one day had relations with his Yevama and when he attained majority married a different woman and [then] dies, if he had not had relations with his Yevama after attaining majority the first one [the original Yevama] performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum, while the second woman performs Chalitzah or undergoes Yibum. Rabbi Shimon says: He [a surviving Yavam] performs Yibum for whichever woman he wants, and undergoes Chalitzah from the other one. This is so whether he is nine years and one day or twenty years but has not grown two hairs [of puberty]. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A man may lawfully marry the near relatives of a woman whom he has violated or seduced, but he who has either violated or seduced the near relatives of his wife, has become guilty of incest. A man may marry a woman who had been violated or seduced by his father, or one who had been thus treated by his son. Rabbi Yehudah prohibits a son to marry a woman who had been violated or seduced by his father.",
+ "When the sons of a female proselyte have adopted the Jewish faith at the same time with their mother [and one of them dies without issue], his brother is not bound to yibum, nor to receive Chalitzah [from the widow of his deceased brother]. Even when the first was conceived before she participated in the holiness [of the Jewish community], but was born under the Holy covenant, and that the other brother was both conceived and born under the Holy covenant. The same regulation applies to a bondwoman whose children were manumitted along with her.",
+ "When the sons of five women have become intermixed with each other [and each woman has another son, of whose identity she is certain], when these mixed sons have grown up, married, and died [without issue], then four of the surviving brothers shall cause the widow of one to perform Chalitzah to them, and the fifth brother may marry the widow; then shall he and three other brothers receive Chalitzah from another widow, whom another brother may marry by yibum[and in the same manner with the remainder], so that each of these widows must perform the ceremony of Chalitzah four times, and can then be married by Yeboom.",
+ "When the son of a woman has become interchanged with that of her daughter-in-law [and each of them has another son, or sons, besides], which sons grew up, married, and died [without issue], then the other sons of the widowed daughter-in-law shall receive Chalitzah [from one widow] but may not marry her by Yeboom, because it is doubtful whether she was his brother's wife or that of his father's brother; but the sons of the grandmother may either marry her by yibum, or receive Chalitzah, because the doubt in this case is only whether she was wife of his brother, or of his brother's son; but if the sons whose descent is undoubted die, then those of doubtful descent who were interchanged, must have the ceremony of Chalitzah performed to them by the widow of the grandmother's son, but may not marry her by Yeboom, because it is doubtful whether she is the brother's wife or that of his father's brother, the widowed daughter-in-law need only perform the ceremony of Chalitzah to one of those who were interchanged, and may then marry the other by yibum.",
+ "When the son of a woman married to a priest, was interchanged with that of her bondwoman, both [sons] may eat of the heave, but when both happen to present themselves at the same time at the threshing-floor, they shall receive but one share of the heave; they may not defile themselves with a dead body, and may not marry women who are either qualified or disqualified to be married to a priest. But when they have attained their majority, and have mutually manumitted each other, they may marry the women only who are qualified to be married to the priesthood, and may not defile themselves with a dead body; but if they did so, the forty stripes are not to be inflicted on them. They may not eat heave, but if they did eat it, they need not pay back the principal [of the value they had eaten], and an additional fifth, nor has either of them a share [in the division of heave among the priests] at the threshing-floor, but they are allowed to sell their own heave, and keep the money themselves. They have no share of the consecrated things of the Temple; consecrated things are not given to them, nor are these consecrated things exacted from them. They are, moreover, not bound to give the shoulder, the two cheeks, and maw of their own offering to the priests. Their first-born cattle must be left to pasture, till they contract a legal blemish, and with respect to their sacrifices, the most stringent regulations in force in respect to that of priest and Israelites, are to be applied to them.",
+ "If a woman who did not wait three months [to re-marry] since the death of her husband [or since her divorce], should marry within that time, and has a son born unto her of whom it is doubtful whether he was a nine months’ child by the first husband, or a seven months’ child by the second; if she had other sons by the first and second husbands, then these sons must, in case of the decease [without issue] of their brother, to whose birth doubt attached, receive Chalitzah from his widow, but may not marry her by yibum; and he also may only receive Chalitzah from any of his brother's widows, but may not marry them by Yeboom; but if he had half-brothers, either of her first or second husband, who are not sons of his mother, he may in that case either receive Chalitzah of his brother's widow, or may marry her by yibum. In respect to his brothers, one of them must [in case of his death without issue] receive Chalitzah from his widow, and then may another brother marry her by yibum.",
+ "If one [of the two husbands of the said woman] is an Israelite, and the other a priest, the son may only marry a woman qualified to be married to the priesthood. He may not defile himself with a dead body; but if he did so, the punishment of forty stripes is not to be inflicted on him; neither may he eat of the heave; but if he did so, he is not bound to pay the value of the principal and an additional fifth part. He also shall not receive a share of the priestly oblation at the threshing-floor; he may sell his own heave, and keep the money for himself. He has no share in the consecrated things of the Temple, nor shall consecrated things be given to him; yet, those belonging to himself cannot be claimed, or exacted from him [by the priests]. He is also free from the payment of the two cheeks, the shoulder, and maw of his own sacrifice [to the priests]; and his firstborn cattle must be left to pasture till it contracts a legal blemish, and the most stringent regulations [regarding sacrifices] of priests and Israelites, are to be applied in respect to his sacrifices. If both [the husbands of his mother] were priests, he is bound [in case of death] to mourn for them, and they for him; he may not defile himself with their dead bodies, nor may they defile themselves with his; he is no heir to them, but they inherit his property. The punishment attached to the crime of striking, or cursing a father, cannot be inflicted on him. He may serve in the priests' division of service at the Temple, of one and of the other, but he does not participate in the share of either, but if both belonged to one division [משמרה], he is entitled to one share."
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "Beit Shammai say: Only betrothed girls may refuse [exercise the right of refusal when married off by their mothers and brothers]; but Beit Hillel say: [Both] betrothed and married girls [may refuse]. Beit Shammai say: [Refusal only applies] with a husband and not with a Yavam [one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage]; but Beit Hillel say: [Refusal applies both] with a husband and with a Yavam. Beit Shammai say: [Refusal takes effect when done] in his presence; but Beit Hillel say: [Refusal takes effect when done either] in his presence or in his absence. Beit Shammai say: [Refusal must be stated] in a court; but Beit Hillel say: [Refusal can be stated either] in a court or outside a court. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: A girl may refuse [exercise refusal] as a minor even four or five times. Beit Shammai said to them: The daughters of Israel are not to be treated as chattel, rather she may refuse and then wait to attain majority, or refuse and be married.",
+ "Who is the minor who is required to refuse? Any girl whose mother and brother married her off with her knowledge. [If] they married her off without her knowledge she does not require refusal. Rabbi Chanina ben Antignos says: Any child who is incapable of looking after her betrothal [money] does not require refusal. Rabbi Eliezer says: The act of a minor is meaningless and [such a girl is considered] as one who has been seduced. [If] the daughter of an Israelite [is married] to a priest, she may not eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]; [if] the daughter of a priest [is married to] an Israelite she may eat Terumah.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: [If] an impediment is due to the man it is as if she is his wife; [if] an impediment is not due to the man it is as if she is not his wife. ",
+ "[If] a girl refuses a man he is permitted [to marry] her relatives and she [is permitted] to marry his relatives, and she is not disqualified from [marrying] into the priesthood. [If] he gave her a bill of divorce he is forbidden [from marrying] her relatives and she is forbidden [from marrying] his relatives and she is disqualified [from marrying] into the priesthood. [If] he gave her a bill of divorce and [subsequently] took her back, and she refused him and married somebody else, and [then] was widowed or divorced [from the second man] she is permitted to return to him. [If] she refused him and he took her back and then he gave her a bill of divorce and she married somebody else, and [then] was widowed or divorced [from the second man], she is forbidden to return to him. This is the principle: [If there is] a bill of divorce after refusal - she is forbidden to return to him; [if there is] refusal after a bill of divorce - she is permitted to return to him. ",
+ "[If] a woman refused a man and married somebody else who divorced her, then [got married] to another man and refused him, then [got married] to another man who divorced her, then [got married] to another man and refused him, [the law is] she is forbidden to return to any man from whom she left through a bill of divorce, but is permitted to return [to any man whom she she left] through refusal. ",
+ "[If] a man divorced his wife and took her back [and then died], she is permitted to the Yavam, but Rabbi Eliezer forbids [him from marrying her]. And similarly, [if] one divorced an orphan and took her back she is permitted to the Yavam, but Rabbi Eliezer forbids [him from marrying her]. [If] a minor was married off by her father and she [was subsequently] divorced, she is considered an orphan during the father's lifetime [that is, the father has lost his authority over her]. [If] he took her back all [opinions] agree that she is forbidden to the Yavam. ",
+ "[If] two brothers are married to two sisters who are minors and orphans, and the husband of one dies, [the widow] is released since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister. [The law] is similar [in the case of] two deaf-mute women. [If two brothers are married to two sisters one of whom is] an adult and [one of whom] is a minor, [if] the husband of the minor dies, the minor is released since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister; [if] the husband of the adult dies, Rabbi Eliezer says: We instruct the minor to refuse him [allowing her sister to undergo Yibum]. Rabban Gamliel says: If she refuses, she refuses [her refusal is valid and], and if not, she waits until she attains majority and then the other is released since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister. Rabbi Yehoshua says: Woe to him because of his wife and woe to him because of his brother's wife - he removes his wife with a bill of divorce and his brother's wife with Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage]. ",
+ "[If] a man was married to two orphans who were minors and he died - [if] one of them has relations [with the Yavam] or performs Chalitzah she exempts her rival. [The law] is similar [in the case of] two deaf-mute women. [If a man is married to] a minor and a deaf mute [and dies] - [if] one of them has relations [with the Yavam] or performs Chalitzah she does not exempt her rival. [If a man is married to] a hearing woman and a deaf-mute woman [and dies] - [if] the hearing one has relations [with the Yavam] she exempts her rival, but [if] the deaf-mute has relations [with the Yavam] she does not exempt her rival. [If a man is married to] an adult and a minor [and dies] - [if] the adult has relations [with the Yavam] she exempts the minor, but [if] the minor has relations [with the Yavam] she does not exempt the adult. ",
+ "[If] a man was married to two orphans who were minors and he died - [if] the Yavam had relations with the first one and then had relations with the second one, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the second one, he has not disqualified the first one. [The law] is similar [in the case of] two deaf-mute women. [If a man is married to] a minor and a deaf mute [and dies] - [if] the Yavam had relations with the minor and then had relations with the deaf-mute, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the deaf-mute, he has not disqualified the minor. [If] the Yavam had relations with the deaf-mute and then had relations with the minor, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the minor, he has disqualified the deaf-mute. ",
+ "[If a man is married to] a hearing woman and a deaf-mute woman [and dies] - [if] the Yavam had relations with the hearing woman and then had relations with the deaf-mute, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the deaf-mute, he has not disqualified the hearing woman. [If] the Yavam had relations with the deaf-mute and then had relations with the hearing woman, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the hearing woman, he has disqualified the deaf-mute. ",
+ "[If a man is married to] an adult and a minor [and dies] - [if] the Yavam had relations with the adult and then had relations with the minor, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the minor, he has not disqualified the adult. [If] the Yavam had relations with the minor and then had relations with the adult, or [if] his [other] brother had relations with the adult, he has disqualified the minor. Rabbi Elazar says: We instruct the minor to refuse him. ",
+ "[If] a minor Yavam had relations with a minor Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her] they attain majority together. [If] he had relations with an adult Yevama she waits until he attains majority. [If] a Yevama said within thirty days [following Yibum], \"I have not had relations\" they compel him to undergo Chalitzah. [If she said so] after thirty days they ask him to undergo Chalitzah. Whenever he admits [that he has not had relations with her], even after twelve months, they compel him to undergo Chalitzah.",
+ "[If] a woman vowed during her husband's lifetime against [receiving any] benefit from her Yavam [and the husband dies] they compel him to undergo Chalitzah. [If she made such a vow] after her husband's death - they ask him to undergo Chalitzah. And if she intended this [to avoid Chalitzah and vowed] even during her husband's lifetime, they ask him to undergo Chalitzah."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If] a deaf-mute marries a hearing woman, or if a hearing man marries a deaf-mute - if he desires he can remove [divorce] her, if he desires he can maintain her. Just as he marries her using signals, so too he can remove her using signals. [If] a hearing man marries a hearing woman and she becomes deaf - if he desires he can remove her, if he desires he can maintain her. [If] she loses her mind - he may not remove her. If he becomes deaf or loses his mind - he may never remove her. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri said: Why can a woman who becomes deaf be removed, but a man who becomes deaf cannot remove [his wife]? They said to him: A man who divorces is not similar to a woman who is divorced, for the woman goes out with her consent or without her consent, but a man can only remove [his wife] with his consent. ",
+ "Rabbi Yochanan ben Gudgedah testified that [if] the father of a deaf mute woman married her off, she goes out with a bill of divorce. They said to him: So too is she [the hearing woman who went deaf] like her. ",
+ "[If] two deaf-mute brothers are married to two deaf-mute sisters, or to two hearing sisters, or to two sisters one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing; or [if] two deaf-mute sisters are married to two hearing brothers, or to two deaf-mute brothers, or to two brothers one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing - these women are exempt from Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] and from Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. And if they are unrelated they [the Yevamim] marry them - and if they want to remove them [afterwards], they remove them.",
+ "[If] two brothers one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing are married to two hearing sisters, [and] the deaf-mute husband of [one of] the hearing women dies, what should the hearing husband of the [other] hearing woman do? She goes out since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister. [If] the hearing husband of [one of] the hearing women dies, what should the deaf-mute husband of the [other] hearing woman do? He removes his wife with a bill of divorce and his brother's wife is forbidden [to him] forever. ",
+ "[If] two hearing brothers were married to two sisters one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing, [and] the hearing husband of the deaf-mute [woman] dies what should the hearing husband of the hearing woman do? She goes out since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister. [If] the hearing husband of the hearing [woman] dies what should the hearing husband of the deaf-mute woman do? He removes his wife with a bill of divorce and his brother's wife with Chalitzah. ",
+ "[If] two brothers one of whom is a deaf-mute and one of whom is hearing were married to two sisters one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing, [and] the deaf-mute husband of the deaf-mute woman dies what should the hearing husband of the hearing woman do? She goes out since she is [the Yavam's] wife's sister. [If] the hearing husband of the hearing [woman] dies what should the deaf-mute husband of the deaf-mute woman do? He removes his wife with a bill of divorce and his brother's wife is forbidden [to him] forever. ",
+ "[If] two brothers one of whom is a deaf-mute and one of whom is hearing were married to two unrelated hearing women, [and] the deaf-mute husband of the hearing woman dies what should the hearing husband of the hearing woman do? He either undergoes Chalitzah or performs Yibum. [If] the hearing husband of the hearing [woman] dies what should the deaf-mute husband of the hearing woman do? He marries her and may never remove her. ",
+ "[If] two hearing brothers were married to two unrelated women one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other of whom is hearing, [and] the hearing husband of the deaf-mute woman dies what should the hearing husband of the hearing woman do? He marries her and if wants to remove her, he removes her. [If] the hearing husband of the hearing [woman] dies what should the hearing husband of the deaf-mute woman do? He either undergoes Chalitzah or performs Yibum. ",
+ "[If] two brothers one of whom is a deaf-mute and one of whom is hearing were married to two unrelated women one of whom is a deaf-mute and one of whom is hearing, [and] the deaf-mute husband of the hearing woman dies what should the hearing husband of the hearing woman do? He marries her and if wants to remove her, he removes her. [If] the hearing husband of the hearing [woman] dies what should the deaf-mute husband of the deaf-mute woman do? He marries her and may never remove her."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If] a woman and her husband went overseas and there was peace between them and peace in the world, and she came and said, \"My husband died\", she may marry. [If she said], \"My husband died\" she may undergo Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. [If] there was peace between them and war in the world, [or] strife between them and peace in the world, and she came and said, \"My husband died\", she is not trusted. Rabbi Yehudah says: She is only trusted if she comes crying and in torn clothes. They [the Sages] said to him: She may marry in either case. ",
+ "Beit Hillel say: We have heard that this [that she may re-marry upon reporting her husband's death] only applies if she comes from the harvest, and within the same country, and like a case that happened. Beit Shammai said to them: [She may re-marry] whether she comes from the harvest or from the olive [harvest] or from the grape [harvest], or whether she comes from a different country - the Sages only spoke of the harvest since that was what happened. And Beit Hillel retracted to teach according to Beit Shammai. ",
+ "Beit Shammai say: [The woman who reports her husband's death] may marry and collect her Ketubah [a monetary settlement payable to a woman upon divorce or the death of her husband]. Beit Hillel say: She may marry but does not collect her Ketubah. Beit Shammai said to them: You allow the stringent Ervah [forbidden union], will you not allow the lenient monetary issue? Beit Hillel said to them: We find that brothers do not inherit based on her word. Beit Shammai said to them: Alas, we learn from the text of the Ketubah that he writes for her, \"That if you marry somebody else you may collect what is written for you\". And Beit Hillel retracted to teach according to Beit Shammai. ",
+ "All people are trusted to testify to her except for her mother-in-law, and her mother-in-law's daughter, and her rival, and her Yevama [her brother-in-law's wife], and her husband's daughter. Why is [reporting] a bill of divorce different than [reporting] a death? Because the writing [in the bill of divorce] proves [the divorce]. [If a single] witness states, \"He died\", and she married, and a different [witness] came and said, \"He did not die\", she does not go out. [If a single] witness states, \"He died\", and two [other witnesses] state, \"He did not die\", even if she has married - she goes out. [If] two witnesses state, \"He died\", and a [single] witness states \"He did not die\", even though she has not married, she may marry.",
+ "[If] one [of a man's two wives] states, \"He died,\" and one states, \"He did not die\", the one who states \"He died\" may marry and collect her Ketubah, and the one who states \"He did not die\" may not marry or collect her Ketubah. [If] one [of a man's two wives] states, \"He died,\" and one states, \"He was killed\", Rabbi Meir says: Since they contradict each other they may not marry. Rabbi Yehudah and Rabbi Shimon say: Since they both agree he is no longer alive, they may marry. [If one] witness states, \"He died\" and [one] witness states, \"He did not die\"; or [if one] woman states \"He died\" and [one] woman states, \"He did not die\", she may not marry.",
+ "[If] a woman and her husband went overseas and she came and said, \"My husband died\", she may marry and collect her Ketubah, but her rival [from the original husband] is forbidden [to marry]. If she [the rival] was the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a priest she may eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households], these are the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to prevent her from sin, rather she is forbidden to marry and forbidden to eat Terumah. ",
+ "[If] a woman said, \"My husband died and then my father-in-law died\", she may marry and collect her Ketubah, but her mother-in-law is forbidden [to marry]. If she [the mother-in-law] was the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a priest she may eat Terumah, these are the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to prevent her from sin, rather she is forbidden to marry and forbidden to eat Terumah. [If] an individual betrothed one of five women but does not know which [of them] he betrothed, [and] each one says, \"He betrothed me\" - he gives a bill of divorce to each one, and places [the value of] a Ketubah among them and bolts, these are the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to prevent him from sin, rather he must give a bill of divorce and a Ketubah to each one. [If] an individual stole from one of five people but does not know from which [of them] he stole, [and] each one says, \"He robbed me\" - he places the stolen object among them and bolts, these are the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to prevent him from sin, rather he must pay [the value of] the stolen object to each one. ",
+ "[If] a woman and her husband went overseas and her son was with them, and she came and said, \"My husband died and then my son died\", she is trusted. [If she said], \"My son died and then my husband died\", she is not trusted. But we are worried about her claim and she performs Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] but does not undergo Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow].",
+ "[If] a woman [states], \"I was given a son [that is, she bore a son] overseas\", and then states \"My son died and then later my husband died\", she is trusted; [but if she states], \"My husband died and then later my son died\", she is not trusted. But we are worried about her claim and she performs Chalitzah but does not undergo Yibum. ",
+ "[If] a woman [states], \"I was given a Yavam [one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage] overseas\" [that is, her mother-in-law had a son there], and then states, \"My husband died and then later my Yavam died\", [or] \"My Yavam died and then later my husband died,\" she is trusted. [If] she and her husband and her Yavam went overseas, [and] she states, \"My husband died and then later my Yavam died\", [or] \"My Yavam died and then later my husband died,\" she is not trusted, since a woman is not trusted to state \"My Yavam died\" [which would allow her] to marry, and [she is] not [trusted to state] \"My sister died\" [which would allow her] to enter [her sister's husband's] house. And a man is not trusted to state, \"My brother died\" [which would allow] him to perform Yibum for his wife, and [he is] not [trusted to state] \"My wife died\" [which would allow] him to marry her sister. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "[If] a woman's husband and her rival went overseas and they [witnesses] came and told her, \"Your husband died\", she may not marry, and may not undergo Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow] until she knows whether her rival is pregnant. If she has a mother-in-law she need not worry [that the mother-in-law has had a son]. [If] she [the mother-in-law] left pregnant, she need worry [that she has a Yavam]. Rabbi Yehoshua says: She need not worry. ",
+ "[If] two Yevamot [a Yevama is a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her, who are married to brothers come from overseas and] this one says, \"My husband died\" and this one says, \"My husband died\", this one is forbidden [to re-marry] because of the other one's husband, and this one is forbidden [to re-marry] because of the other one's husband. [If] this one has witnesses [that her husband died] and the other one has no witnesses [that her husband died], the one who has witnesses is forbidden [to re-marry], and the one who has no witnesses is permitted [to re-marry]. [If] this one has children and the other one has no children, the one who has children is permitted [to re-marry], and the one who has no children is forbidden [to re-marry]. [If] they undergo Yibum and the Yevamim [a Yavam is one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage] die they are forbidden to marry. Rabbi Elazar says: Since they were permitted to the Yevamim they are [later] permitted to any man. ",
+ "One may only testify [that somebody has died on the basis] of the face including the nose, even if there are [identifying] signs on his body and his clothes. One may only testify [that somebody has died] once his soul has departed, even if they see him dismembered, or crucified, or an animal eating him. One may only testify within three days [of death when he is still recognizable]. Rabbi Yehudah ben Bava says: Not all people, nor all places, nor all times are equal [that is, people decompose differently under different circumstances].",
+ "[If] a man fell into the water his wife is forbidden [to re-marry] whether or not the [body of] water has a [visible] end. Rabbi Meir said: It once happened that a person fell into a large pit and he emerged after three days. Rabbi Yose said: It once happened that a blind man went down to immerse in a cave and his escort went down after him, and they remained long enough for their souls to depart, and their wives were permitted to marry. And another incident happened in Asya with an individual who was lowered to the sea and only his leg came up. The Sages said: [If they retrieved a leg which was severed] from the knee and above [his wife] may marry, [if the leg was] from the knee and below she may not marry.",
+ "Even if one hears women saying, \"So-and-so died\", that is sufficient [as testimony]. Rabbi Yehudah says: Even if one hears children saying, \"We are going to eulogize and bury So-and-so\", that is sufficient [for him to then testify]. [This is so] whether he intends [to testify] or does not intend [to testify]. Rabbi Yehudah ben Bava says: [If] a Jew [repeats what he overheard] he must intend [to testify to permit his wife to marry]; [if] a gentile [repeats what he overheard] his testimony is no testimony if he intended to testify.",
+ "One may testify [even if he only saw the corpse] by the light of a candle or by the light of the moon. And we permit a woman to marry [even if the report of her husband's death] is based on a heavenly voice. It once happened that an individual stood on a mountain peak and said, \"So-and-so the son of so-and-so from such-and-such a place died\". They went but could find nobody there and they allowed his wife to marry. And another incident happened in Tzalmon with an individual who said, \"I, So-and-so the son of so-and-so was bitten by a snake and I am dying\". And they went [and found him] but they could not recognize him, and they allowed his wife to marry. ",
+ "Rabbi Akiva said: When I went down to Nehardea to intercalate the year, I found Nechemiah of Beit Delhi who said to me, \"I heard that in the Land of Israel only Rabbi Yehudah ben Bava allows a woman to marry based on a single witness.\" And I said to him, \"That is so\". He said to me, \"Tell them in my name: You know that the country is rife with soldiers; I have a tradition from Rabban Gamliel the Elder that we allow a woman to marry based on a single witness. And when I went and reported this before Rabban Gamliel he exulted in my words and said, 'We have found a colleague for Rabbi Yehudah ben Bava.' Through the conversation Rabban Gamliel recalled that people were killed at Tel Arza and Rabban Gamliel allowed their wives to marry based on a single witness, and they established a rule to allow women to marry based on a single witness, and they established a rule to allow women to marry based on [what] a witness [heard] from a witness, and based on [the testimony of] a slave, [or] based on [the testimony of] a woman, [or] based on [the testimony of] a maidservant. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua say: We do not allow a woman to marry based on [the testimony] of a single witness. Rabbi Akiva says: [We do] not [allow a woman to marry] based on [the testimony] of a woman, and not based on [the testimony] of a slave, and not based on [the testimony] of a maidservant, and not based on [the testimony] of relatives. They [the Sages] said to him: It once happened that some Levites went to Tzo'ar, the city of palm trees, and one of them fell ill on the journey, and he was brought to an inn [and left there]. And on their return they said to the woman innkeeper, \"Where is our friend?\" She said to them, \"He died and I buried him\", and they allowed his wife to marry. They said to him [Rabbi Akiva]: And shall the daughter of a priest not be as [trusted] as the woman innkeeper? He said to them: When the woman innkeeper is trusted [in this case that is because] the woman innkeeper brought out to them his staff, and his bag, and his Torah scroll that he had had with him. "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d00e0df4d2344a37430666f644e23fd76364d2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "actualLanguage": "fr",
+ "languageFamilyName": "french",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Quinze classes de femmes dispensent (d'elles-mêmes) à l'infini leurs adjointes et les adjointes des adjointes du devoir de pratiquer, soit la cérémonie du déchaussement, Haliça, soit le Lévirat, savoir: 1. la femme du défunt qui est la fille (illégitime) du frère survivant, 2. la fille de celle-ci, 3. la fille de son fils (illégitime), 4. la fille de la femme (d'un autre lit), 5. la fille du fils de l'épouse (du premier lit), 6. la fille de sa fille, 7. la belle-mère, 8. la mère de sa belle-mère, 9. la mère de son beau-père, 10. la sœur utérine, 11. la sœur de sa mère, 12. la sœur de sa femme, 13. celle qui a été la femme de son frère du côté maternel, 14. la femme de son frère mort avant la naissance du frère qui doit l'épouser maintenant, 15. son ancienne bru (qui, à la mort de son époux, a été épousée par le frère du beau-père). Dans tous les cas précédemment énumérés, la dispense s'étend aux adjointes à l'infini, tant du lévirat que du déchaussement. Si une femme de l'une de ces 15 classes, ou meurt avant son mari, ou le refuse, ou si elle a été répudiée par divorce, ou si le défunt mari a constate la stérilité évidente, les adjointes deviennent libres (sont admises à bénéficier du lévirat). Toutefois, on ne saurait appliquer (aux classes 7 à 9, savoir) à une belle-mère, ou à la mère de sa belle-mère, ni à la mère de son beau-père, le motif de la stérilité, ou celui du refus pour cause de minorité (puisqu'il s'agit là de personnes majeures ayant eu des enfants).",
+ "Voici comment ces diverses classes de femmes dispensent leurs adjointes (du lévirat ou du déchaussement): si la fille de quelqu'un, ou une femme quelconque à l'un des autres degrés d'interdiction (par rapport au survivant) a épousé le frère (son oncle) qui avait encore une autre femme, puis est mort sans laisser d'enfant, chacune de ces deux veuves est dispensée des cérémonies en question. Si donc la veuve adjointe à la fille épouse un autre frère (que toutes deux ont le droit d'épouser) de l'époux décédé qui a déjà une autre femme, lorsque celui-ci meurt, les femmes adjointes (même très éloignées) seront dispensées du lévirat par suite de l'état d'empêchement de l'adjointe (à celle qui est la fille du premier frère). Cette règle est à observer, y eût-il cent frères-. La règle susénoncée (1,2) que \" si une femme (de l'une des 15 classes) meurt avant son mari, les adjointes sont admises à bénéficier du lévirat \", est applicable comme suit: si la fille de quelqu'un, ou sa parente à un degré quelconque de relation illicite, a épousé le frère de cet homme, lequel frère a une autre femme, et ladite fille meurt avant son mari, ou si elle a été répudiée par lui, puis son mari, frère de son père meurt, en ce cas il est permis à l'adjointe (l'autre femme maintenant veuve) d'épouser le frère survivant. A la mort du frère d'un homme dont il a épousé la fille, si cette fille encore mineure n'a pas refusé l'union malgré la faculté qu'elle en avait, l'adjointe ne devient libre (au décès de cet homme) qu'en opérant le déchaussement du beau-frère, sans pouvoir l'épouser.",
+ "Les degrés de parenté sont d'une relation illicite encore plus grave que ceux énumérés précédemment, en ce que les femmes peuvent seulement épouser d'autres (non le frère du côté paternel), et les adjointes peuvent bénéficier du lévirat. Ce sont: 1. la mère, 2. la femme du père (ou belle-mère), 3. la sœur du père, 4. la sœur du côté paternel, 5. la femme du frère du père, 6. la femme du frère du côté paternel (qui a laissé des enfants).",
+ "Selon l'école de Shammaï, il est permis à un homme d'épouser l'adjointe de la femme de son frère qui lui serait interdite comme degré prohibé d'alliance; l'école de Hillel le défend. Si elles ont procédé toutes deux au déchaussement, elles deviennent impropres, selon Shammaï, à épouser un cohen; Hillel le leur permet. Si après avoir épousé un beau-frère en vertu du lévirat, elles redeviennent veuves, Shammaï leur permet encore d'épouser un cohen; Hillel l'interdit. Bien que l'une de ces écoles interdise ce que l'autre permet, ou déclare impropre ce que l'autre valide, les disciples de l'une ne se privaient pas d'épouser les filles de leurs adversaires. De même, en fait d'impureté et de puretés, malgré la divergence d'avis, ils se faisaient des prêts mutuels (pour le même motif)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Voici ce qu'on nomme (1,1) le cas de la femme d'un frère qui n'a pas été au monde en même temps que lui: Si de deux frères l'un meurt (sans laisser d'enfant), puis il naît un troisième, qu'ensuite le second frère (marié) épouse la veuve du premier et meurt à son tour sans laisser d'enfant, la femme qui devient ainsi veuve pour la seconde fois devient libre de toute cérémonie à l'égard du troisième frère, parce qu'elle a commencé par être la femme d'un frère qui n'a pas vécu en même temps que le survivant. De même, l'autre veuve du second frère (l'adjointe) devient libre pour avoir été adjointe à la première veuve. Mais si le second frère ne l'a pas formellement épousée, lui ayant donné seulement une promesse (avec douaire ou contrat), et qu'ensuite il meurt, la veuve adjointe (première épouse du second frère) devra procéder au déchaussement du troisième frère, sans toutefois l'épouser par lévirat (le consentement au mariage en a fait une quasi épouse).",
+ "Si de deux frères l'un meurt, qu'ensuite le second frère (marié), épouse la veuve du premier à titre de lévirat, puis il naît un troisième frère (auquel par conséquent n'a jamais incombé le devoir du lévirat envers sa belle-sœur), et qu'enfin le second frère meurt, les deus veuves seront dispensées de toute cérémonie à l'égard du troisième frère, la première veuve à titre de femme mariée à un frère avant la naissance de l'autre frère, et l'autre veuve en qualité d'adjointe de la bénéficiaire. Mais si le second frère ne l'a pas formellement épousée, lui ayant donné seulement une promesse de mariage et qu'ensuite il meurt, la veuve adjointe (première épouse du second frère) devra procéder au déchaussement du troisième frère, sans toutefois l'épouser (comme au § 1). R. Simon dit: il est loisible au frère survivant d'épouser par lévirat n'importe laquelle de ces deux femmes, ou de procéder envers l'une d'elles au déchaussement (en raison de son indépendance à leur égard).",
+ "Voici des règles générales au sujet du lévirat: pour toute femme interdite à un homme par suite de parenté à un degré illicite, il n'y aura ni déchaussement, ni mariage par lévirat. Mais pour une femme qui est interdite à l'homme par simple mesure rabbinique, ou par suite de la consécration du beau-frère (un cohen), on procédera au déchaussement, non au mariage. Enfin si de 2 sœurs veuves d'un défunt sans enfant l'une peut épouser le beau-frère, le survivant pourra, soit l'épouser par lévirat, soit se faire déchausser (en raison de la latitude de sa situation).",
+ "Comme \" interdit par prescription rabbinique \", on entend les degrés secondaires de parenté à relation illicite. Une femme est interdite par suite de l'état \" consacré de l'homme \", s'il s'agit d'une veuve dont le beau-frère serait grand-prêtre, ou d'une femme ayant été répudiée, ou ayant procédé au déchaussement et qui a été épousée indûment par un simple cohen, ou soit une bâtarde, soit une descendante des gens voués au culte du Temple mariée à un simple israélite, ou à l'inverse, soit un bâtard, soit un descendant des gens voués au culte, marié à une fille d'Israël.",
+ "Un frère quelconque survivant d'un frère défunt mort sans enfant, quel que soit son état, oblige la veuve à l'épouser en vertu du lévirat, et il est du reste son frère sous tous les rapports juridiques, sauf s'il est né d'une esclave ou d'une païenne. Dés que le défunt a laissé un enfant, quel qu'il soit (fût-il impropre), la veuve de son père est dispensée du lévirat; comme tel, il est passible des pénalités usuelles s'il frappe son père ou s'il le maudit, et il est son fils sous tous les rapports juridiques, sauf s'il est né d'une esclave ou d'une païenne.",
+ "Si quelqu'un s'est engagé pour le mariage avec l'une de deux sœurs, sans savoir au juste envers laquelle des deux il s'est engagé, il ne pourra épouser aucune des deux (sous peine de relation illicite), et devra se dégager en remettant à chacune d'elles une lettre de divorce. S'il meurt et qu'il laisse un seul frère, celui-ci devra procéder au déchaussement par les deux sœurs. Si le défunt a laissé deux frères, l'un d'eux procédera d'abord au déchaussement par l'une d'elles, mais l'autre frère pourra épouser la sœur. Si de suite après les deux frères ont épousé les deux sœurs veuves (sans consulter les gens compétents), on n'annulera pas le mariage pour cela.\r",
+ "Deux hommes se sont engagés par le mariage avec deux sœurs, et aucun des deux ne sait avec laquelle il l'est; il faut que chacun donne deux divorces (un à chaque sœur, en raison du doute). S'ils meurent et laissent chacun un frère, chacun procédera au déchaussement pour les deux sœurs. Mais si un homme en mourant laisse un frère, et l'autre laisse deux frères, le frère resté seul opérera le déchaussement à l'égard des deux sœurs; quant aux deux frères (du second défunt), l'un procédera pour une sœur au déchaussement, et l'autre pourra épouser l'autre sœur par lévirat. Si de suite après le décès les deux frères ont épousé les deux sœurs (sans consulter personne des gens compétents), on n'annulera pas le mariage pour cela. Si chaque frère défunt a laissé deux frères, le frère de l'un procédera au déchaussement pour une sœur, et un frère de l'autre défunt agira de même pour la seconde sœur; puis les deux autres frères contractent les mariages par lévirat, en épousant celle des sœurs qui a déchaussé l'autre frère. Si de suite après le décès les deux frères d'un défunt ont procédé au déchaussement pour les deux sœurs, les deux frères de l'autre défunt ne pourront pas les épouser (par crainte d'épouser la sœur de sa belle-sœur, vu le doute); mais l'un devra d'abord avoir été déchaussé par une sœur, puis l'autre pourra épouser l'autre sœur. Si les deux frères du second défunt se sont de suite mariés (sans enquête), le mariage reste valable.",
+ "En cas de lévirat, il est recommandé au frère aîné d'épouser la belle-sœur; si le frère cadet a pris les devants, c'est également bien. Celui qui est accusé d'avoir des relations intimes avec une esclave, ou une païenne, ne devra pas l'épouser, l'une fût-elle ensuite affranchie, ou l'autre convertie au Judaïsme (pour ne pas encourager la calomnie); si cependant un tel mariage a eu lieu, il reste valable. Mais celui qui est accusé d'avoir eu des relations intimes avec une femme mariée et qui, après le divorce de cette femme d'avec son premier mari, l'aura épousée,devra la quitter (une telle union est illégale pour la même cause).",
+ "Celui qui apporte d'outre-mer à une femme un acte de divorce, déclarant que cet acte a été écrit et scellé devant lui, ne pourra pas épouser cette femme (il ne peut ester dans son propre intérêt). De même, celui qui déclare que le mari est mort spontanément, ou qu'il l'a tué seul, ou qu'il a été complice de ce meurtre, ne pourra pas épouser la veuve. R. Juda dit: s'il déclare avoir tué seul le mari, la femme ne pourra pas se marier; s'il déclare être complice du meurtre, elle pourra épouser un autre.",
+ "Le Sage qui a déclaré valable pour l'avenir le vœu contracté par une femme, de ne pas s'adonner à son mari, ne pourra jamais l'épouser (pour ne pas être soupçonnée d'avoir confirmé ce vœu dans un but intéressé). Cependant, il pourra épouser celle qui, en sa présence, a prononcé la déclaration de refus d'épouser l'homme auquel elle a été fiancée pendant la minorité, ou celle qui devant lui a déchaussé un beau-frère par lévirat, parce que sa présence a eu lieu à titre de membre d'un tribunal (où il n'est pas seul). A tous ces hommes étant mariés (le sage et le voyageur venu de loin), s'il arrive que leurs femmes meurent, il est permis d'épouser celles dont il est question ici comme femmes interdites. Ils peuvent aussi épouser ces femmes si, dans l'intervalle de temps, elles ont épousé un autre homme dont elles sont divorcées, ou si elles sont devenues veuves. De même encore, les femmes en question peuvent épouser les fils ou les frères de ces hommes (126)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si de quatre frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs et que ces maris meurent, les femmes devront opérer le déchaussement des frères survivants, mais elles ne pourront pas les épouser (en raison de la réciprocité du devoir de lévirat qui les lie). Si ces mariages ont été contractés indûment, ils devront être rompus. R. Eléazar dit: selon l'école de Shammaï; ils devront être maintenus; selon l'école de Hillel, ces mariages devront être rompus.",
+ "Si l'une des deux sœurs est interdite à l'un des frères survivants par suite du degré de relation illicite (étant sa belle-mère ou la mère de celle-ci), le survivant pourra, en raison même de cet interdit, épouser l'autre sœur (laquelle n'est plus considérée comme sœur de celle qu'il serait tenu d'épouser), tandis que l'autre frère ne pourra épouser aucune des deux. -Mais si l'une des deux sœurs est seulement interdite en vertu d'une décision rabbinique, ou si elle l'est en raison de l'état consacré du beau-frère, on procédera seulement au déchaussement, et l'union avec le beau-frère reste interdite.",
+ "Si des deux sœurs l'une est en parenté à relation illicite avec le premier des deux frères, et l'autre sœur l'est aussi par rapport à ce second frère, ce qui est interdit à l'un est permis à l'autre (le premier peut épouser la seconde, et le second la première). C'est en ce sens qu'il a été dit (2, 3): si des deux sœurs veuves d'un défunt sans enfant l'une peut épouser le beau-frère (quoique sœur de celle qui serait interdite à ce beau-frère, en vertu de sa parenté à un degré illicite, elle pourra soit opérer le déchaussement, soit d'épouser par lévirat.",
+ "Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs, ou l'un une veuve et l'autre sa fille, ou l'un une veuve et l'autre sa petite-fille (fille de sa fille), ou la fille de son fils, elles devront, au décès des maris sans enfant, opérer le déchaussement du troisième frère survivant, sans pouvoir l'épouser; R. Simon les dispense même de cette cérémonie (les considérant comme adjointes de celle qui seule serait épousée par lévirat, en un cas ordinaire). Si en raison d'un degré de parenté illicite le troisième frère ne pouvait pas épouser l'une d'elles, il ne pourra pas épouser celle-là seule, mais sa sœur; cependant si l'interdit subsiste seulement par mesure rabbinique, ou à cause de l'état de consécration du beau-frère (comme ci-dessus), toutes deux devront procéder au déchaussement, mais ne pourront pas l'épouser. R. Simon l'en dispense.",
+ "Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs et le troisième est célibataire, ensuite au décès d'un de ses frères mariés le célibataire s'engage à épouser la veuve, puis l'autre frère marié meurt à son tour, le survivant pourra, selon l'école de Shammaï, conserver la femme avec laquelle il s'est engagé, et la seconde veuve est libre, à titre de sœur de la femme; selon l'école de Hillel, il devra rompre le mariage avec la première veuve, par un divorce et le déchaussement, et de plus se laisser déchausser par l'autre veuve. C'est à ce sujet qu'a été exprimé le proverbe: malheur à lui pour sa femme et pour celle de son frère (sans que ce soit de sa faute, il ne peut épouser aucune des deux).",
+ "Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs, et le troisième a épousé une étrangère, puis au décès d'un des frères mariés aux deux sœurs celui qui est marié à une étrangère épouse par lévirat sa belle-sœur veuve, ensuite celui-ci meurt à son tour la première veuve (remariée au troisième frère) est libre de toute cérémonie à titre de sœur de l'épouse du survivant, et l'autre est libérée du même coup à titre d'adjointe. Si, après lui avoir seulement promis le mariage, le frère survivant (marié à l'étrangère) meurt, l'étrangère aura seulement à déchausser le dernier frère qui resterait survivant, sans l'épouser. Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs, et le troisième a épousé une étrangère, puis ce troisième meurt, ensuite l'un des survivants épouse cette femme par lévirat et meurt à son tour, l'une de ces deux veuves sera libre de toute cérémonie, parce qu'elle est la sœur du survivant, et l'autre le sera du même coup à titre d'adjointe; s'il y a eu seulement promesse de mariage lors du premier décès d'un frère, puis le second frère est mort, la femme étrangère déchaussera seulement son beau-frère survivant, mais ne l'épousera pas.",
+ "Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs, et le troisième a épousé une étrangère, et au décès d'un des frères mariés aux deux sœurs celui qui a épousé l'étrangère s'unit aussi par lévirat à sa belle-sœur veuve, puis l'épouse du second frère meurt, après quoi survient le décès du troisième frère, celle qui est à double titre veuve (du premier et du troisième frère) sera interdite pour jamais au frère survivant (au second), parce qu'elle se trouvait déjà lui être interdite pendant un moment (puisqu'en son vivant sa femme était la sœur de la veuve survivante) Si de trois frères deux ont épousé deux sœurs, et le troisième a épousé une étrangère, et que l'un des maris des deux sœurs ait répudié sa femme, puis le troisième frère conjoint de l'étrangère meurt, après quoi le frère qui a répudié sa femme épouse sa belle-sœur veuve et à son tour il meurt, c'est à ce cas du second frère survivant que s'applique le principe énoncé par la Mishna (1, 1): lorsqu'une femme de l'une des 15 classes de parenté à degré interdit meurt avant son mari, ou est répudiée par lui, les adjointes peuvent se marier avec le mari.",
+ "Pour toutes (les quinze classes de parentés à relation interdite), s'il survient un doute, soit en ce qui touche l'alliance avec le défunt frère, soit sur la répudiation de ce dernier, les adjointes devront procéder au déchaussement, sans pouvoir épouser le beau-frère. Voici en quel cas la consécration de mariage est douteuse: si en ayant jeté à la femme le contrat de mariage sur la voie publique, on ne sait s'il est tombé plus près d'elle que de lui, il y a doute. Voici des cas de doute sur la répudiation: Si quelqu'un ayant écrit l'acte de divorce de sa propre main sans avoir de témoins, ou si en ayant des témoins la date n'a pas été spécifiée, ou si en ayant spécifié la date, il n'y avait qu'un témoin pour attester l'acte, celui-ci sera déclaré douteux.",
+ "Si de trois frères ayant épousé trois personnes étrangères l'une à l'autre, l'un meurt, que le second fasse une promesse de mariage à la veuve de celui-ci, et qu'avant de réaliser sa promesse il meurt aussi, les deux veuves devront déchausser le troisième frère survivant; mais elles ne pourront pas l'épouser, car il est écrit (Dt 25, 5): Si deux frères demeurent ensemble et que l'un d'eux meurt, son beau-frère devra l'épouser; donc, le devoir d'épouser un beau-frère incombe à la veuve, non s'il y a eu deux décès. R. Simon dit: le survivant peut épouser celle des deux veuves qu'il voudra et se laisser déchausser par l'autre. Si de deux frères mariés à deux sœurs l'un meurt, puis la femme du second meurt, la veuve reste toujours interdite au survivant, comme elle lui avait été interdite du vivant de la sœur.",
+ "Si deux hommes se sont fiancés à deux femmes, et qu'en les menant à la cérémonie du mariage sous le dais nuptial ils les ont par mégarde interverties, ces hommes deviendraient coupables du crime d'adultère s'ils donnaient suite au mariage; et de plus, du crime de relation intime avec la femme d'un frère, s'ils sont frères, ou du crime de se joindre à la femme et à sa sœur, si elles sont sœurs, comme du péché de menstrue, si elle est menstruée. De telle femmes ne devront plus cohabiter avec leurs maris pendant trois mois, dans la crainte que l'un soit enceinte (et pouvoir distinguer l'enfant conçu criminellement des enfants légitimes); mais si elles sont trop jeunes pour enfanter, on les rend de suite à leur mari respectif. Enfin, si ce sont des filles de cohen, elles deviennent inaptes à manger de l'oblation chez leur père (étant dûment mariées à de simples israélites)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si après l'acte du déchaussement par la belle sœur, celle-ci remarque qu'elle est enceinte, puis met un enfant au monde, il s'agit de savoir si l'enfant est venu à terne. En ce cas, il est loisible au beau frère d'épouser des parentes de cette femme, et celle-ci pourra épouser des parents du beau-frère; elle ne devient pas non plus inapte à épouser un cohen. -Mais si l'enfant n'est pas venu à terme (et ne subsiste pas), il est défendu au beau-frère d'épouser une parente de cette femme (envers laquelle il reste engagé), elle ne pourra pas s'unir à un parent de son beau-frère, et elle devient inapte à épouser un cohen (en vertu de la validité du déchaussement).",
+ "Si après le mariage du beau-frère avec sa belle-sœur celle-ci s'aperçoit qu'elle est enceinte du défunt et elle met un enfant au monde, il s'agit de savoir si l'enfant est venu à terme. En ce cas, l'homme doit se retirer de sa femme, et tous deux doivent offrir au temple un sacrifice de péché involontaire (pour avoir cohabité illégalement). -Mais si l'enfant n'est pas venu à terme, le mari peut conserver sa femme (le mariage subsiste). Lorsqu'il y a doute sur le point de savoir si l'enfant est de neuf mois, du premier lit, ou de sept mois, du second lit, l'homme devra se retirer de cette femme; mais l'enfant sera considéré comme légitime. Tous deux cependant sont tenus d'offrir le sacrifice du péché de doute, ou de suspension.",
+ "L'école de Shammaï et celle de Hillel admettent d'un commun accord entre elles que la veuve qui, en attendant le mariage avec son beau-frère, a hérité des biens, peut les vendre ou les donner, et la vente ou le don est valable. Si en cet état de promise elle meurt, que fera-t-on de la Ketuba (douaire) et de ses biens melog? L'école de Shammaï dit que les héritiers du mari se les partagent avec les héritiers du père de la femme.",
+ "Si le beau-frère a déjà épousé la veuve de son frère mort sans enfant, elle est considérée sous tous les rapports comme son épouse; seulement, elle doit réclamer son douaire sur les biens de son premier mari.",
+ "Il est recommandé au frère aîné d'épouser sa belle-sœur veuve (qui lui incombe par lévirat); s'il ne veut pas, ou s'adresse successivement à chacun des autres frères. Si aucun d'eux ne le veut, on revient au frère aîné, eu lui disant: \" c'est à toi que ce devoir incombe; procède au déchaussement ou au mariage par lévirat. \"",
+ "Si un frère ajourne sa décision jusqu'au jour où un jeune frère sera devenu homme (et apte à se prononcer en fait de mariage), ou s'il dit vouloir attendre le retour d'un grand frère revenant d'un pays d'outre-mer, ou le rétablissement d'un frère sourd, ou d'un frère fou, on n'écoutera pas ces ajournements, et l'on lui dira: \" c'est à toi que ce devoir incombe; procède au déchaussement, ou au mariage par lévirat \" (sans reculer l'accomplissement d'un précepte religieux).",
+ "Si le beau-frère ne veut pas épouser la veuve de son frère mort sans enfants, et qu'il pratique par conséquent la cérémonie du déchaussement, il n'aura dans les biens laissés par le défunt qu'une partie égale à celle de ses frères; et si le père vit encore, c'est le père qui est héritier unique du défunt. Si le beau-frère épouse la veuve de son frère mort, il devient alors l'héritier unique du défunt (et les autres frères n'ont aucune part dans cet héritage). R. Juda dit: en tout et quand même le beau-frère épouse la veuve de son frère, si le père vit encore, c'est le père qui hérite de son fils mort sans enfants (et le second mari n'a aucune part dans cet héritage).",
+ "Si quelqu'un a été déchaussé par sa belle-sœur veuve, et que son frère, après avoir épousé la sœur de celle-ci meurt, le premier devra de nouveau procéder au déchaussement par cette femme, sans pouvoir l'épouser; tandis que si un homme a répudié sa femme, et que son frère, après avoir épousé la sœur de la répudiée meurt, la veuve devient libre, sans qu'il soit besoin d'aucune cérémonie, ni déchaussement, ni lévirat-.-",
+ "Si pendant que la veuve attend le mariage avec son beau-frère, un autre frère se fiance avec sa sœur à elle, on doit, selon R. Juda b. Bethera, lui dire d'attendre jusqu'à ce que le frère aîné ait accompli le lévirat. Après que le frère aura procédé au mariage, ou au déchaussement, le second frère pourra aussitôt épouser sa fiancée. De même, après le décès de la belle-sœur veuve, le frère pourra procéder au mariage. Mais si le beau-frère aîné meurt (et qu'il n'y a plus d'autre frère que le fiancé à la sœur de la veuve), le survivant devra remettre un acte de divorce à sa fiancée et se laisser déchausser par sa belle sœur veuve-.-",
+ "Une belle-sœur veuve ne doit déchausser, ni épouser le beau-frère par lévirat, avant un espace de trois mois depuis le décès de son mari. De même, toute femme ne doit se fiancer à nouveau ni procéder à un second mariage, sans laisser écouler une espace d'au moins 3 mois depuis le premier mariage, qu'il s'agisse de vierges ou de femmes mariées, de répudiées ou de veuves, ou même de simples fiancées. R. Juda dit: celles qui ont été mariées peuvent se fiancer de suite, et celles qui ont été seulement fiancées peuvent se marier, sauf pour les fiancées en Judée, où c'était l'habitude des fiancés de vivre intimement ensemble. R. Yosse dit: toute femme libre peut se fiancer de suite, sauf la veuve, qui doit observer au moins un mois de deuil.",
+ "Quatre frères ayant épousé chacun une femme, meurent (en laissant d'autres frères); si l'aîné des survivants veut les épouser toutes par lévirat, il en a le droit. Si quelqu'un marié a deux femmes meurt, l'accomplissement du mariage ou du déchaussement pour l'une d'elles dispense l'adjointe du lévirat. Si l'une est apte à épouser un cohen et l'autre est impropre à cet effet, le beau-frère, - au cas où il a recours seulement au déchaussement, - devra le faire opérer par la femme impropre au cohen (afin de ne pas entacher la première); mais s'il veut en épouser une, il peut aussi prendre la première.",
+ "Celui qui a repris la femme qu'il avait répudiée (mariée à un autre dans l'intervalle de temps), ou celui qui a épousé celle qui l'a déchaussé, ou qui s'est marié avec une parente à un degré prohibé de celle qui l'a déchaussé, devra rompre une telle union interdite; l'enfant qu'il en aurait eu, serait un bâtard (illégitime), selon l'avis de R. aqiba; les autres sages ne déclarent pas cet enfant comme tel. Toutefois, tous reconnaissent que l'enfant issu d'un mariage avec une parente à un degré prohibé de celle qui a déchaussé sera illégitime.",
+ "On nomme Mamzer (illégitime) l'enfant issu d'un mariage à un degré interdit; tel est l'avis de R. aqiba. Simon de Téman nomme ainsi l'enfant issu d'un mariage conclu malgré la pénalité du retranchement par voie céleste; et son opinion a été admise comme règle. R. Josué nomme ainsi l'enfant issu d'un mariage passible de la peine capitale infligée par le tribunal. Si la femme d'un homme meurt, il est permis à ce veuf d'épouser la sœur de celle-ci; de même, si la femme a été répudiée et qu'ensuite elle meurt, le mari peut en épouser la sœur, même lorsque la défunte a été mariée à un autre. De même, après le décès de la belle-sœur qui incombe à l'homme par lévirat, il lui est permis d'en épouser la sœur, soit qu'il ait été déchaussé par elle et qu'ensuite elle est morte, soit qu'après cet acte elle ait épousé un autre, puis elle est morte."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Gamliel dit: en fait de lévirat, on n'octroie pas de divorce après le premier; et après la promesse donnée, on ne fait pas d'autres engagements: après la cohabitation, il n'y en a pas pas d'autre, et une fois le déchaussement opéré, on ne renouvelle pas cet acte. Les autres sages disent: il survient parfois qu'un acte de divorce soit remis après le premier, ou qu'une parole donnée soit remplacée par une autre promesse, mais ils n'admettent plus aucune modification après la cohabitation, ou après le déchaussement.",
+ "Si par exemple quelqu'un a promis à sa belle-sœur veuve de l'épouser, puis lui remet le divorce, il faut aussi qu'il soit déchaussé par elle (pour parfaire sa renonciation); de même, si après lui avoir promis le mariage il se laisse déchausser par elle (pour refus), il doit en outre lui remettre un acte de divorce. Lorsqu'après lui avoir promis le mariage il s'unit à elle, il accomplit le précepte du lévirat selon la règle.",
+ "Si le beau-frère, après avoir donné à la veuve un acte de divorce, lui promet de l'épouser, le beau-frère sera tenu à la fois de la divorcer de nouveau et de se laisser déchausser. Il en sera de même si, après avoir remis l'acte de divorce, il cohabite avec elle. Si après avoir remis l'acte de divorce il se fait aussi déchausser, rien n'est plus nécessaire après ce dernier acte. Si après le déchaussement il lui promet de l'épouser, ou si après la remise de l'acte de divorce il s'unit à elle, ou si après s'être uni à elle il lui promet le mariage, ou si après la remise de l'acte de divorce il s'est laissé déchausser, aucun acte n'est plus exigible après les procédés du lévirat (union ou déchaussement), soit qu'il s'agisse d'une seule belle-sœur pour un beau-frère, soit de deux belles-sœurs.",
+ "Si un beau-frère, ayant deux belle-sœurs veuves qui lui incombent par lévirat, promet le mariage à chacune d'elles, il devra remettre d'abord un acte de divorce à chacune d'elles, et se laisser déchausser par l'une d'elles. S'il promet à l'une de l'épouser, et remet à l'autre un acte de divorce, il devra remettre aussi un acte de divorce à la première et se laisser déchausser. Si, après avoir promis le mariage à l'une, il cohabite avec l'autre, il devra les divorcer toutes deux (l'une à cause de la promesse, l'autre à cause de la cohabitation), puis se laisser déchausser par l'une d'elles afin de dégager l'autre du devoir de lévirat). S'il promet à l'une le mariage, et se laisse déchausser par l'autre, il devra remettre un acte de divorce à la première. S'il a remis un acte de divorce à chacune d'elles, il doit se laisser déchausser par l'une d'elles. S'il a divorcé l'une et cohabité avec l'autre, il devra divorcer aussi la seconde (qu'il ne peut pas garder comme épouse, en raison du divorce d'avec la première), et se laisser déchausser par elle (en raison de l'illégitimité de la cohabitation); et il en sera de même s'il a remis le divorce à l'une et fait une promesse à l'autre. Enfin, s'il a divorcé l'une et s'est laissé déchausser par l'autre, il n'y a plus d'autre acte à accomplir après le déchaussement.",
+ "Si quelqu'un s'est laissé déchausser par l'une de ses belles-sœurs, puis par l'autre, ou s'il s'est laissé déchausser par l'une, et a promis le mariage à l'autre, ou s'il lui a remis un acte de divorce (après le déchaussement), ou s'il a cohabité avec elle, ou si après avoir cohabité avec l'une il en a fait autant avec l'autre, ou s'il a ensuite promis le mariage à la seconde, ou lui a remis le divorce, ou s'est laissé déchausser par elle, ce qui a été accompli après le déchaussement (ce qui est fait pour la seconde) n'a plus de valeur juridique à ce moment pour le lévirat, soit qu'il s'agisse d'un beau-frère en présence de deux belles-sœurs, soit de deux beaux-frères pour une seule belle-sœur.",
+ "S'il s'est laissé déchausser par une belle-sœur, puis lui promet de l'épouser, ou la répudie, puis s'unit à elle (par la cohabitation), ou si après la cohabitation il s'engage à l'épouser, ou s'il la répudie puis se laisse déchausser, aucun acte accompli après le déchaussement n'a de valeur, soit de suite au commencement, soit au milieu (un peu plus tard), soit à la fin. Si la cohabitation a eu lieu d'abord, tout acte accompli après elle est sans valeur; mais si elle a eu lieu plus tard, ou tout à la fin, l'acte accompli ensuite est valable. R. Néhémie dit: qu'il s'agisse de cohabitation ou de déchaussement, soit de suite, soit plus tard, soit tout à la fin, nul acte n'a de valeur contractante après l'une de ces cérémonies."
+ ],
+ [
+ "L'union avec la belle-sœur est effective (en ses conséquences légales), dès que le beau-frère s'est joint à elle, même involontairement (croyant avoir affaire à une autre), ou volontairement (par dissolution, non par lévirat), soit de gré, soit par violence, ou si l'homme a accompli l'union par erreur, mais la femme ne l'ignorait pas (sachant à qui elle s'unissait), ou si l'homme savait avec qui il se joignait, mais elle l'ignorait, ou si l'homme était forcé et non la femme, ou si elle était forcée et non lui, soit que la cohabitation ait seulement été commencée, soit qu'elle ait été achevée; et il n'y a pas de distinction entre une façon de cohabiter et l'autre.",
+ "De même, de toutes les classes de parenté à un degré prohibé d'alliance, ou des femmes qui ne peuvent pas épouser un cohen, comme une veuve pour un grand-prêtre, ou une femme répudiée et une femme qui a déchaussé pour un simple cohen, ou une bâtarde, ou une descendante des Palestiniens voués au culte pour un simple israélite, ou la fille d'un israélite pour un bâtard, ou un descendant des gens voués au culte, la relation intime rend la femme impropre au cohen, quel qu'ait été le mode de cohabitation (complète ou imparfaite).",
+ "Dès qu'une veuve est fiancée à un grand-prêtre, ou si une femme répudiée ou ayant déchaussé est promise à un simple Cohen, elle ne pourra plus manger de l'oblation sacerdotale (à laquelle elle avait droit dans sa famille, en raison de l'interdit de l'union). R. Eléazar et R. Simon l'autorisent aussi longtemps que le mariage n'a pas été conclu. Si, après le mariage accompli dans lesdites conditions, ces femmes sont devenues veuves, ou ont été répudiées, elles deviennent impropres à consommer de l'oblation; mais si ce fait est arrivé lorsqu'elles étaient seulement fiancées, elles restent aptes à cette consommation.",
+ "Un grand-prêtre ne doit pas épouser de veuve, ni celle qui a été mariée réellement, ni une simple fiancée, ni une jeune fille (veuve) à peine adolescente (à moins de douze ans et demi); R. Éleazar et R. Simon autorisent cette dernière union. Il ne devra pas épouser une jeune personne dont la virginité a été blessée par accident (ligno vulnerata). Si après avoir été fiancé à une veuve il est nommé grand-prêtre, il devra pourtant épouser sa fiancée. Ainsi, il est arrivé à Josué b. Gamla d'avoir consacré pour femme Maratha, fille de Boetus, et lorsqu'ensuite le roi le nomma grand-prêtre, il donna suite à ce mariage. Si une veuve qui attend par lévirat le mariage avec son beau-frère échoit comme telle à un simple cohen et qu'en attendant il devient grand-prêtre, il ne pourra pas l'épouser, malgré sa promesse donnée. Si un grand-prêtre en mourant laisse une veuve sujette au lévirat, son frère devra se laisser déchausser par elle, non l'épouser.",
+ "Un simple Cohen ne devra pas épouser une femme d'évidence stérile, à moins d'avoir déjà une femme dont il a des enfants. Malgré cette particularité, dit R. Juda, on ne doit pas épouser une telle femme: ce serait se livrer à la dissolution dont parle la Loi. Les autres sages disent: on considérera seulement comme prostituée, une prosélyte, ou une esclave affranchie, ou une femme qui a cohabité en dehors du mariage (ou qui s'est livrée à une relation interdite).",
+ "L'homme ne doit renoncer à engendrer des enfants que s'il en a déjà. Selon Shammaï, on pourra cesser lorsqu'on a au moins deux garçons; selon Hillel, lorsqu'on aura un garçon et une fille, comme il est écrit (Gn 1, 27): il les créa (un) mâle et (une) femelle. Celui qui a épousé une femme et est resté avec elle dix ans sans avoir d'enfants ne devra pas persister dans cette union (et il devra épouser une autre femme). S'il la répudie, elle pourra épouser un autre mari (malgré l'apparence de stérilité), et le second mari peut aussi rester dix ans avec elle, dans l'espoir des enfants. Si elle a accouché avant terme, on compte les dix ans à partir de là. A l'homme s'adresse le précepte \" croissez et multipliez \" (ibid.), non à la femme. Selon R. Yohanan b. Broqa, c'est à tous deux que s'adresse ce verset (ib. 28): Dieu les bénit et leur dit: Croissez et multipliez."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si une veuve, en épousant un grand-prêtre, ou une femme répudiée, ou ayant opéré le déchaussement en épousant un simple prêtre, apporte en dot usufruitière des esclaves melog ainsi que des esclaves de ses biens à immobiliser, les premiers ne pourront pas manger de l'oblation sacerdotale, mais les seconds le pourront. -On appelle des esclaves de la première sorte ceux qui incombent à la femme seule, dont la perte est à ses dépens à elle, comme le reliquat est à son profit s'il y en a; et bien que le mari soit tenu de nourrir ces esclaves, ils ne pourront pas consommer d'oblation. Si des esclaves au contraire de la seconde sorte meurent, c'est une perte pour le mari, de même que le bénéfice (le cas échéant) est pour lui; et comme il est responsable de ce capital fixe, il peut leur donner de l'oblation à manger.",
+ "Si la fille d'un simple israélite épouse un cohen (prêtre) et lui apporte en dot des esclaves, qu'ils soient de la première sorte de biens (melog) ou de la seconde, ils pourront manger de l'oblation. Mais si la fille d'un cohen épouse un israélite, et lui apporte en dot des esclaves, soit de la première sorte de biens, soit de la seconde, ils ne devront plus consommer d'oblation (puisque le mari doit les nourrir désormais).",
+ "Si un cohen, qui a épousé une fille de simple israélite, meurt et laisse sa veuve enceinte, les esclaves (de la seconde sorte appartenant à la succession en total) ne pourront plus manger d'oblation, en raison de la participation à l'héritage de l'enfant qui va naître, lequel dès le sein maternel rendrait une fille de cohen inapte à manger de l'oblation (si elle est veuve d'un simple israélite), et pourtant il ne donne pas à cette future mère (qui a épousé un cohen) la faculté de continuer à manger de l'oblation (ni à ses esclaves). Tel est l'avis de R. Yossé. On lui objecta: s'il est admis qu'une fille de simple israélite, mariée à un cohen, enceinte d'un enfant, ne peut pas prévoir pour lui la faculté de manger de l'oblation, il en serait de même pour la fille de cohen dans le même état, et ses esclaves ne devraient pas pouvoir manger l'oblation, en raison de la participation du futur enfant à l'héritage total.",
+ "Une veuve (fille de Cohen) qui est enceinte, comme celle qui attend le mariage avec son beau-frère, ou celle qui est fiancée, ou celle qui a épousé un sourd-muet, ou celle qui s'est unie à un garçon de neuf ans et un jour (union imparfaite qui la profane), deviennent de ce fait inaptes à manger de l'oblation chez leur père, bien qu'à l'inverse (en cas de mariage d'une simple israélite avec un cohen), la veuve ne puisse pas, en ces cas, invoquer le bénéfice de manger encore de l'oblation après décès du mari. Il en est de même si l'on a des doutes, sur la question de savoir si ce garçon a bien neuf ans et un jour, ou non, ou bien s'il avait déjà aux fiançailles les signes de la puberté (duo pilos), ou non. Lorsqu'une maison s'est effondrée sur quelqu'un et sur son épouse, qui se trouvait être la fille de son frère (où tous deux sont morts), sans que l'on sache lequel des deux conjoints a péri le premier, l'autre femme de ce défunt (l'adjointe) qui reste veuve devra procéder au déchaussement, sans toutefois pouvoir épouser un beau-frère.",
+ "Ni la cohabitation illégitime, par violence ou par séduction, ni le mariage avec un insensé, ne rendent une fille d'un cohen impropre à manger de l'oblation, mais ce ne sont pas non plus des motifs pour y autoriser une fille de simple israélite; cependant, la fille d'un Cohen devient impropre si elle a eu des relations intimes avec un homme inapte à être reçu par alliance en Israël. Voici en quels cas cette inappropriation a lieu: Si un simple israélite cohabite illégitimement avec une fille de cohen, elle peut continuer à manger de l'oblation chez son père, mais non si elle devient enceinte par suite de cette liaison. Si l'enfant périt dans le sein de la mère, elle pourra encore manger de l'oblation. Si un cohen cohabite avec une israélite, elle ne pourra pas pour cela manger de l'oblation même devenue enceinte, mais elle le pourra depuis la naissance de l'enfant. Il se trouve ainsi que l'enfant présent a plus de valeur que le père (qui a cohabité avec la mère). Une fille de cohen devient impropre à manger de l'oblation, à cause d'un esclave, au point de vue de la cohabitation, non s'il y a un enfant (né légitimement et devenu esclave). Voici comment cela se présente: si une fille de simple israélite a épousé un Cohen, ou une fille de Cohen a épousé un simple israélite, union d'où est né un fils, qui, s'unissant à une esclave, engendre d'elle un fils, ce dernier sera aussi esclave (comme la mère). Lors donc que sa grand-mère maternelle était une fille de simple israélite mariée à un Cohen, celle-ci ne pourra plus consommer d'oblation à la mort de son fils, père d'un tel enfant devenu esclave (et qui, pour les ascendants, ne donne pas le droit de manger l'oblation). Si au contraire la même grand-mère était une fille de Cohen, mariée à un Israélite, elle pourra consommer de l'oblation (en rentrant, légalement, chez son père). Un enfant illégitime tantôt rend impropre, et tantôt autorise une telle consommation, selon les circonstances. Voici comment: Si une fille de simple israélite a épousé un cohen, ou une fille de cohen a épousé un simple israélite, union d'où est né une fille, et que de l'union interdite de celle-ci avec un esclave, ou païen, il est né un fils, celui-ci est un mamzer (illégitime). Par suite, lorsque sa grand-mère maternelle est une fille d'israélite, mariée à un cohen (devenue veuve), elle pourra continuer à manger de l'oblation; lorsqu'au contraire cette femme avait été une fille de cohen mariée à un israélite, elle ne pourra plus manger de l'oblation.",
+ "Il arrive parfois que le grand-prêtre lui-même rend sa grand-mère impropre à manger de l'oblation. Voici comment: Si, de l'union d'une fille de cohen avec un simple israélite, il est né une fille, laquelle à son tour épouse un cohen et par ce mariage donne naissance à un fils, celui-ci sera apte à devenir grand-prêtre capable d'offrir les sacrifices à l'autel. Par suite, sa mère (à la mort de son père) a l'aptitude pour manger de l'oblation, tandis que sa grand-mère maternelle est impropre à cet effet. Elle peut donc dire alors: \" Il ne faut pas qu'il y ait beaucoup d'enfants comme mon fils le grand-prêtre, qui me rend inapte à manger de l'oblation. \""
+ ],
+ [
+ "Ni un cohen incirconcis (resté tel, parce que ses frères sont morts de cette opération), ni les impurs ne peuvent consommer de l'oblation; pourtant leurs femmes et leurs esclaves peuvent en manger. Le cohen mutilé par broiement et celui dont l'urètre aura été coupé pourront en manger, ainsi que ses esclaves, non leurs femmes (considérées comme profanées par une telle union qui est sans espoir de fécondation). Toutefois, si le mari cohen n'a plus eu de relation intime avec la femme depuis le jour où l'un de ces accidents lui est survenu, ils pourront tous continuer à manger de l'oblation.",
+ "Qu'est-ce qu'un \"petzoua dakka\"? C'est un homme qui a une plaie aux testicules, quand même la plaie n'aurait atteint qu'un seul testicule (l'autre restant intact). Qu'est-ce qu'un khrouth shophkhah? C'est un homme dont le pénis est coupé (au dessus de la couronne); mais si la coupe a eu lieu plus bas, de sorte qu'il est resté une partie de la couronne, fût-elle mince comme un cheveu, l'individu peut se marier. Ils peuvent épouser une prosélyte, ou une affranchie, et il leur est seulement défendu d'entrer dans la communauté juive, comme il est dit (Dt 23, 2): \" Ni le mutilé, ni l'homme coupé, ne sont admis dans l'assemblée du Seigneur. \"",
+ "Il est interdit de prendre pour gendre un Amonite ou un Moabite, et cet interdit subsiste à jamais; mais il est permis d'épouser leurs filles de suite (dès la première génération). Les Égyptiens et les Edomites ne sont interdits que jusqu'à la troisième génération: et à partir de là, l'alliance est permise soit avec les hommes, soit avec les femmes. R. Simon autorise de s'allier de suite aux femmes; car, dit-il, on peut déduire cette règle par a fortiori, puisqu'au cas où l'alliance avec les hommes (les Ammonites et Moabites) est interdite à jamais, celle des femmes est admise de suite, il doit en être à plus forte raison de même pour les filles de ceux dont l'interdit cesse après la troisième génération. Les autres rabbins lui dirent: Si c'est une règle reçue par voie orale, nous l'acceptons; mais si c'est une déduction, on peut lui opposer une objection. -Non, répondit-il, c'est une règle de tradition que j'énonce. Les bâtards et les descendants des gens voués au culte sous Josué sont interdits pour toute alliance avec Israël, et cet interdit subsiste toujours, tant pour les hommes qu'à l'égard des femmes.",
+ "R. Josué dit avoir entendu déclarer que l'eunuque soumis au lévirat doit opérer le déchaussement, et qu'après son décès, sa veuve doit opérer le même acte envers son frère; tantôt il a entendu dire au contraire que ni un eunuque, ni sa veuve, n'ont lieu d'accomplir cet acte, sans pouvoir s'expliquer cette contradiction. Je vais l'expliquer, dit R. aqiba: l'homme qui est devenu eunuque par la voie des hommes (castratus) accomplira le déchaussement, parce qu'il a eu un temps d'aptitude à engendrer; l'homme castrat de naissance, ne doit accomplir aucun de ces actes, et sa veuve n'y sera pas sujette, puisqu'il n'a pas eu une heure d'aptitude. R. Eléazar au contraire dit: un homme qui est castrat de naissance doit accomplir ces actes, car il peut devenir susceptible de guérison; mais celui qui est devenu eunuque par la main des hommes ne peut plus guérir, et n'aura donc pas lieu d'opérer le déchaussement. R. Josué b. Béthéra a attesté que le fils d'une certaine Megoussath avait été fait eunuque par la main des hommes, et à son décès sa veuve a été soumise au lévirat; ce qui confirme l'avis de R. aqiba.",
+ "Un eunuque de naissance n'a pas besoin de se laisser déchausser, et il n'épouse pas sa belle-sœur par lévirat, de même qu'une femme d'évidence stérile échappe aux mêmes devoirs. Si un eunuque s'est laissé déchausser par sa belle-sœur, elle ne devient pas (de ce fait inutile) impropre à épouser un cohen; mais s'il a cohabité avec elle, il la rend impropre, parce que c'est alors une union de débauche (que n'autorise pas le lévirat). De même, si une veuve d'apparence stérile a déchaussé les frères de son mari, elle ne devient pas pour cela impropre à épouser un cohen, mais elle le devient si elle s'unit à l'un d'eux, parce qu'une telle union (sans but de fécondation) est de la débauche.",
+ "Un Cohen, eunuque de naissance, qui épouse une fille de simple israélite lui donne (par son union) le droit de manger l'oblation. Il en est de même, disent R. Yossé et R. Simon, d'un cohen androgyne, qui a épousé une simple israélite. R. Juda dit: l'homme bouché (aux organes couverts), qui à la suite d'une opération est reconnu pour être du sexe masculin, n'a pas à se laisser déchausser, parce qu'il est considéré comme eunuque. L'androgyne peut épouser une femme, non se laisser épouser (il est tenu pour homme). R. Eléazar dit: les relations avec l'androgyne sont passibles de la peine de la lapidation, comme celles qui ont lieu avec un homme contre nature)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Certaines classes de femmes mariées légitimement sont interdites à leur beau frère en lévirat; d'autres peuvent régulièrement bénéficier du lévirat, bien que l'union avec leur mari ait été illégale. Il y en a qui peuvent contracter l'une et l'autre union; il en est d'autres à qui les deux sortes d'union sont défendues. Par \" femmes mariées légitimement, à qui l'union avec le beau-frère est interdite, \" on entend par exemple une veuve qui, après avoir épousé une simple cohen perd son mari, auquel survit un frère grand-prêtre, ou la veuve apte d'un cohen propre au service à qui survit un frère inapte au service, ou une veuve simple israélite épouse d'un israélite, qui ne laisse après lui qu'un frère illégitime, ou enfin une femme illégitime mariée à un homme dans le même état légal, qui laisse après lui un frère israélite légitime. Toutes ces femmes sont mariées légitimement, mais elles ne peuvent pas bénéficier du lévirat.",
+ "Par \" femmes pouvant régulièrement bénéficier du lévirat, malgré l'illégalité de leur union avec leur mari \", on entend par exemple une veuve qui s'est promise indûment à un grand-prêtre, lequel en mourant laisse un frère simple Cohen, ou une femme profanée ou mariée à un Cohen apte au culte, et qui en mourant laisse un frère impropre au culte, ou une fille illégitime mariée à un simple israélite qui ne laisse après lui qu'un frère illégitime, ou une fille de simple israélite (d'un état légal correct) mariée à un bâtard, qui laisse après lui un frère israélite légitime. Ces femmes diverses peuvent bénéficier du lévirat, malgré l'illégalité de l'union avec leur mari. \" Il y a des femmes qui ne peuvent contracter, ni l'une ni l'autre union \"; ce sont par exemple la veuve qui, après avoir épousé un grand-prêtre, se trouve par lévirat en présence d'un beau-frère également grand-prêtre, ou même un simple prêtre, ou une femme profanée ayant épousé un Cohen propre au culte, qui laisse après lui un frère israélite (légitime), ou une fille de simple israélite ayant épousé un bâtard qui laisse après lui un frère également bâtard: en ces cas, il s'agit d'unions interdites sous les deux rapports. Toutes les autres femmes (en dehors de ces trois classes) peuvent contracter l'une et l'autre union (la première avec le mari, la seconde par lévirat).",
+ "Les classes de parentés à un degré prohibé, par mesure rabbinique de second ordre, se composent au point de vue du lévirat comme suit: la femme qui serait proche parente au second degré du mari, non du beau-frère, est en union interdite pour le mari, non pour le beau-frère (qui pourra exercer le lévirat, le cas échéant). Si au contraire elle se trouve parente à un second degré prohibé de son beau-frère, sans être aussi proche de son mari, son union avec celui-ci est permise; mais devenue veuve, elle ne peut pas épouser le beau-frère. Si elle se trouve au même degré prohibé de second ordre pour l'un et l'autre, il ne lui sera permis d'épouser, ni l'un, ni l'autre. Une telle épouse ne peut prétendre ni à son douaire (kethouba), ni à l'usufruit de sa dot, ni à une pension alimentaire, ni à des dommages-intérêts pour les objets usés pendant le mariage; mais l'enfant issu de cette union est légitime, bien que l'on contraigne en ce cas le mari à se séparer de sa femme. Par contre, une veuve ayant épousé indûment un grand-prêtre, ou une femme répudiée, ou ayant déchaussé, qui a épousé un simple cohen, ou une fille illégitime, ou une descendante de la tribu vouée au service du Temple qui aurait épousé un israélite, ou une fille d'israélite ayant épousé un descendant de la tribu vouée au service du culte ou un bâtard, ont droit de reprendre leur douaire.",
+ "Ni une fille de simple israélite seulement fiancée à un cohen, ni celle qui est enceinte des œuvres d'un cohen (sans mariage), ni celle qui attend qu'un beau-frère cohen l'épouse par lévirat, pas plus que la fille d'un cohen dans le même état à l'égard d'un israélite, ne pourra manger de l'oblation. Ni une fille d'Israélite fiancée à un lévite, ni celle qui est enceinte des œuvres d'un lévite (sans mariage), ni celle qui attend en vertu du lévirat le mariage d'un beau-frère lévite, de même que la fille d'un lévite qui serait dans les mêmes conditions par rapport à un israélite, ne pourra pas consommer de première dîme. Une fille de lévite fiancée à un cohen, ou enceinte des œuvres d'un cohen, ou attendant le lévirat d'un cohen, pas plus que la fille d'un cohen dans les mêmes conditions défectueuses à l'égard d'un lévite, ne pourra consommer, ni de l'oblation, ni de la dîme.",
+ "Une fille d'Israélite, mariée à un cohen, peut manger de l'oblation; si son mari meurt, et qu'elle ait de lui un fils, elle peut aussi manger de l'oblation (en raison de ce fils). Si ensuite cette veuve a épousé un lévite, elle ne peut manger que de la dîme; si son mari meurt et qu'elle ait de lui un fils, elle peut aussi manger de l'oblation. Mais si cette même femme (double veuve) épouse un simple israélite, elle ne pourra plus consommer ni oblation, ni dîme. A la mort du fils né du dernier mariage avec l'Israélite (qui ne vit plus non plus), la mère peut de nouveau manger de la dîme. A la mort du fils né du mariage avec le lévite, la mère (de nouveau bénéficiaire du sacerdoce par son premier fils) peut manger de l'oblation. Enfin, si ce premier fils né de l'union avec le cohen meurt, la mère n'a plus la faculté de consommer ni de l'oblation, ni de la dîme.",
+ "Une fille de cohen mariée à un israélite ne peut pas manger de l'oblation, ni lorsqu'à la mort du mari elle a un fils de lui. Si elle épouse ensuite un lévite, elle mangera de la dîme, et de même si à la mort de ce mari elle a un fils de lui. Mariée à un cohen, elle mangera de l'oblation, de même que si le mari meurt en laissant un fils. -Mais si le fils qu'elle a eu de son union avec le cohen est mort, la mère ne peut plus consommer de l'oblation; si le fils qu'elle a eu du lévite est mort, elle ne peut plus manger de dîme; si enfin le fils né de son union avec l'israélite meurt, la mère a la faculté de rentrer chez son père (et manger chez lui du sacré). C'est à ce cas que l'on applique le texte biblique (Lv 22, 13): Elle rentrera à la maison de son père comme en sa jeunesse (sans enfant), et mangera alors du pain de son père (de tout ce qui lui est loisible)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Lorsqu'à une femme, dont le mari a fait un voyage d'outre-mer, on vient dire que son mari est mort, qu'en conséquence elle se marie avec un autre, puis son mari revient, elle devra quitter l'un et l'autre époux, et il faut un acte de divorce de chacun (quoique la seconde consécration dont elle a été l'objet soit mal fondée). Elle ne peut prétendre ni à la restitution du douaire, ni à l'usufruit de sa dot, ni à une pension alimentaire d'un mari, ni à un dédommagement pour l'usure de ses biens particuliers pendant chaque mariage, ni de l'un, ni de l'autre. Ce qu'elle aurait perçu, à ce titre, de n'importe lequel des deux maris, devra être rendu; l'enfant qu'elle a conçu, même du premier mari, sera illégitime. Aucun d'eux (si ce sont des cohanim) ne devra se rendre impur pour l'accompagner au cimetière, lorsqu'elle mourra. De même, aucun des deux n'a le droit de s'approprier ce qu'elle aura trouvé, ou ce qu'elle aura gagné par le travail de ses mains, ni de rompre ses vœux. Si c'était une fille d'israélite, elle est déchue du droit d'épouser jamais un cohen (profanée); si c'est une fille de lévite, elle perd tout droit à la dîme, ou à l'oblation si elle est fille de cohen. Ni les héritiers d'un mari, ni ceux de l'autre ne peuvent hériter de son douaire. Si ces deux maris meurent (avant d'avoir divorcé), les frères de l'un et l'autre doivent, sans l'épouser, se laisser déchausser par elle. Selon R. Yossé, son douaire doit être mis à la charge des biens du premier mari. R. Eléazar dit: le père peut profiter des trouvailles qu'elle fait, ou de son travail manuel; il peut rompre les vœux de sa fille. R. Simon dit: sa cohabitation avec le frère du premier mari (en cas de lévirat), ou le fait de l'avoir déchaussé, dispense de ces cérémonies la femme adjointe. Selon lui, l'enfant qu'elle a eu du premier mari n'est pas illégitime. Enfin, si elle se trouve avoir été mariée au second mari sans une autorisation spéciale de justice, le premier mari peut la reprendre (la seconde union est annulée).",
+ "Si une telle femme a été mariée (par erreur) sur l'avis du tribunal, elle devra quitter le second mari, mais n'est pas tenue d'offrir un sacrifice de péché; si le mariage n'a pas été approuvé par le tribunal, elle quittera le second mari, et de plus offrira un sacrifice d'expiation. Donc, l'intervention du tribunal donne l'avantage que, par elle, il y a dispense du sacrifice. -Mais, si après avoir reçu du tribunal l'avis de pouvoir se remarier, elle en a abusé pour contracter un mariage interdit, le sacrifice reste obligatoire; car le tribunal n'a autorisé que l'union licite.",
+ "Lorsqu'à une femme, dont le mari et le fils font un voyage d'outre-mer, on vient annoncer que son mari est mort, puis que son fils est mort (ce qui ne nécessite pas le lévirat), si elle se remarie et ensuite on lui déclare que les événements ont eu lieu dans un autre ordre (rendant le lévirat obligatoire), elle devra quitter le second mari; et l'enfant issu de cette union sera illégitime, qu'il soit né avant la déclaration, ou après elle. Si la femme a été d'abord avisée que son fils est mort, puis le mari est mort, à la suite de quoi elle a contracté le lévirat, et plus tard elle est avisée que les événements se sont passés à l'inverse (le père étant mort avant le fils, sans qu'il y ait lieu d'accomplir le lévirat), la femme remariée devra quitter le second mari, et l'enfant issu de cette union illégale sera illégitime, qu'il soit né avant ou après la nouvelle déclaration des décès. Si, en recevant l'avis de la mort de son mari, elle se remarie, puis elle apprend qu'il vivait encore lorsqu'elle s'est remariée, mais qu'il est mort depuis, elle devra quitter son second mari; le premier enfant (né avant la seconde déclaration) sera mamzer, non le second (né après cela). Si, en recevant l'avis du décès de son mari, elle s'engage avec un autre (sans consommer le mariage) puis son mari revient, elle peut retourner avec lui (cet engagement est nul). Si même le second lui a envoyé un acte de divorce, elle ne devient pas impropre à épouser un jour un Cohen. A ce cas s'applique l'interprétation de R. Eléazar b. Mathia, sur ce verset (Lv 21, 7): Ils n'épouseront pas de femme répudiée de son mari; l'interdit n'est pas applicable en cas de répudiation par un homme qui n'est pas son mari.",
+ "Si à un mari dont la femme fait un voyage d'outre-mer, on annonce que sa femme est morte, puis il en a épousé la sœur, et ensuite sa première femme revient, elle peut retourner auprès de lui (malgré le degré prohibé d'alliance avec la seconde, dont le mariage se trouvera annulé); il est permis au mari d'épouser les proches parentes de cette sœur (p. ex. sa fille), et celle-ci peut s'allier aux proches parents du mari. A la mort de la première femme, le mari pourra en épouser la sœur (qui a été un moment sa seconde femme). Si ce même mari reçoit l'avis de la mort de sa femme, puis il en épouse la sœur, et plus tard on lui dit qu'elle vivait encore lors du second mariage, mais qu'elle est morte depuis lors, le premier enfant né de cette seconde union (lorsque la première femme vivait encore) est illégitime; le second enfant (né après le décès de la première femme) est légitime. R. Yossé dit cette règle: celui qui provoque pour autrui la défense (de garder sa femme) atteint le même but pour lui-même (pour sa propre femme); lorsque l'un n'a pas lieu (pour autrui), l'autre n'a pas lieu pour soi même.",
+ "Si un mari reçoit avis de la mort de sa femme, puis il en épouse la sœur du côté paternel, ensuite étant avisé de la mort de celle-ci, il en épouse la sœur du côté maternel (tout-à-fait étrangère à la première femme), puis à l'avis de la mort de la troisième, il en épouse la sœur du côté paternel, et qu'enfin recevant avis du décès de celle-ci il en épouse la sœur maternelle (également étrangère aux précédentes), après quoi il se trouve que toutes cinq vivent encore, il sera permis au mari de garder la première, la troisième et la cinquième; en cas de décès de ce mari, les autres femmes seraient dispensées du lévirat; mais, le mari ne pourra garder ni la seconde ni la quatrième (en raison de leur parenté à degré prohibé avec la première ou la troisième). L'union accomplie, en cas de lévirat, avec l'une d'elles ne libère pas les autres femmes (l'union même ayant été illégale). Si le mari a consommé le mariage avec la seconde après le décès de la première femme, il lui sera permis (lors de la nouvelle déclaration) de garder la seconde et la quatrième; en cas de lévirat, les autres femmes sont libérées de fait, mais il est défendu au mari de garder la troisième et la cinquième; enfin, l'union accomplie, en cas de lévirat, avec l'une d'elles ne libère pas les autres femmes adjointes.",
+ "Un garçon de neuf ans et un jour est susceptible de rendre sa belle-sœur impropre à un mariage avec ses frères (s'il a cohabité avec elle, ou l'a répudiée, ou engagée comme fiancée); de même ses frères peuvent la rendre impropre pour lui. Pourtant il y a cette différence que (au point de vue des fiançailles) il la rend impropre seulement si un tel engagement a déjà été effectué par l'un des frères; mais les autres frères la rendent impropre pour lui (dans les mêmes circonstances), soit au commencement (s'ils sont les premiers), soit à la fin. Voici comment: si un garçon de neuf ans et un jour cohabite avec sa belle-sœur, après qu'un des frères s'était fiancé avec elle, il la rend pourtant impropre pour eux; mais si l'un de ses frères a cohabité avec elle, ou lui a fait une promesse de mariage, ou lui a remis un acte de divorce, ou s'est laissé déchausser par elle, il la rend impropre pour ce garçon.",
+ "Si un garçon de neuf ans et un jour cohabite avec sa belle-sœur veuve en vertu du lévirat, puis celle-ci s'unit de même avec un autre beau-frère du même âge, de neuf ans et un jour, ce second la rend impropre (inapte au mariage) pour le premier. R. Simon dit: ce n'est pas un motif d'inaptitude.",
+ "Un garçon de neuf ans et un jour, qui, par lévirat, a cohabité avec sa belle-sœur veuve, puis agit de même avec l'autre veuve du défunt, les rend impropres à une union définitive par son propre fait. R. Simon dit qu'il ne rend pas la dernière impropre. Si un garçon de neuf ans et un jour cohabite avec sa belle-sœur par lévirat, puis meurt, elle devra déchausser le beau-frère survivant, non l'épouser. Si à ce même âge il s'est marié et qu'ensuite il meurt, sa femme est dispensée des cérémonies du lévirat.",
+ "Un garçon de neuf ans et un jour cohabite, par lévirat, avec sa belle-sœur veuve, puis, devenu grand, il épouse une femme et meurt; s'il n'a plus eu de relations avec sa première femme (sa belle-sœur) à partir du jour où il est devenu grand, celle-ci (lors du décès) devra déchausser le frère survivant, non l'épouser; mais la seconde femme pourra, soit déchausser le beau-frère, soit l'épouser. R. Simon dit: le survivant pourra épouser celle des deux qu'il préfère, et se laisser déchausser par l'autre. Dans tous les cas précités, il importe peu qu'il s'agisse d'un garçon de neuf ans et un jour, ou s'il a vingt sans avoir les signes de la puberté (duo pilos)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "On peut épouser la proche parente au degré d'ordinaire prohibé (fille, mère, sœur) de la femme que l'on a violée ou séduite; mais celui qui violente ou séduit les proches parentes au même degré de sa femme est coupable. Il est permis à un homme d'épouser la femme violentée ou séduite par le père, ou violentée ou séduite par son fils. R. Juda défend au fils d'épouser la femme séduite ou violée par son père.",
+ "Si une femme païenne s'est convertie avec ses fils au Judaïsme (dont l'un est mort sans enfant), les autres fils n'épouseront pas la veuve et ils ne pratiqueront pas la cérémonie du déchaussement, pour permettre à la veuve d'épouser un autre individu. Il en est ainsi même lorsque le premier des fils a été conçu avant la consécration de la mère (avant sa conversion au Judaïsme), et qu'il est né après cela, tandis que le second a été conçu et est né après cette conversion. Il en est de même d'une femme païenne esclave, qui a été affranchie avec ses fils (pour devenir libres comme juifs).",
+ "Cinq femmes (ayant deux fils) ont confondu chacune un de leurs fils avec ceux des autres femmes. Puis ceux-ci ayant grandi se sont mariés et sont morts sans enfant; quatre des frères survivants devront se laisser déchausser par l'une des veuves, et le cinquième peut l'épouser par lévirat. Après quoi, lui (le cinquième) et trois autres survivants devront se laisser déchausser par une autre veuve, et le quatrième frère peut l'épouser (en continuant à procéder de même pour les trois autres veuves). Par conséquent, chacune des veuves aura opéré quatre déchaussements avant le mariage par lévirat (de façon à obvier à tous les doutes).-",
+ "Si une femme confond son fils, avec celui de sa bru (toutes deux ayant encore d'autres fils), puis ces deux fils ayant grandi se sont mariés et sont morts sans laisser d'enfant, les fils de la bru doivent se laisser déchausser par les veuves, mais ne peuvent pas les épouser; car, pour chacune, il y a doute d'être la femme du frère défunt, ou d'être la femme de l'oncle (frère du père, à qui le lévirat n'est pas applicable); les fils de la grand-mère pourront, ou se laisser déchausser par ces veuves, ou les épouser, car en ce cas il y a seulement doute si les veuves étaient femmes du frère, ou du neveu (dans ces deux hypothèses, le mariage est permis). Mais si des deux côtés, les fils, sur la descendance desquels il n'y a pas doute, meurent, les fils survivants et confondus doivent se laisser déchausser par la veuve du fils de la grand'mère, et ne peuvent pas l'épouser, en raison des doutes qu'il y a, si cette veuve est la femme du frère (belle-sœur), ou celle d'un oncle (qui reste interdite); tandis qu'à l'égard de la veuve du fils de la bru, l'un se laissera déchausser, et l'autre peut l'épouser.",
+ "Si une femme de Cohen a confondu son enfant avec celui de son esclave, tous deux pourront manger de l'oblation sacerdotale (c'est permis à l'un comme Cohen, à l'autre comme esclave de celui-ci); mais lorsqu'ils arrivent ensemble dans une grange, on leur assigne une seule part (à se diviser entr'eux). Aucun d'eux ne pourra se rendre impur pour un mort (en raison du doute), et ils ne pourront pas se marier (avant leur majorité), ni avec des femmes propres aux cohanim, ni avec des femmes inaptes. Une fois qu'ils auront grandi et qu'ils se seront affranchis mutuellement (en raison du doute), ils pourront épouser des femmes aptes à s'unir au Cohen; ils ne se rendront pas impurs pour un mort, et si pourtant il leur est survenu une impureté, ils ne sont pas astreints aux quarante coups de lanière. Ils ne pourront pas manger d'oblation; mais s'ils en ont mangé involontairement, ils ne sont pas tenus de rembourser le capital avec cinquième supplémentaire (en amende). Ils ne prennent pas de part aux distributions sacerdotales en grange; ils vendent aux cohanim l'oblation qui forme leur revenu; ils ne sont pas tenus de la donner, et ils en gardent le montant. Ils ne prennent pas de part sur les sacrifices du sanctuaire, et on ne leur donne rien de sacré. Par contre, ils ne sont pas tenus de prélever les parts sacerdotales sur leurs biens, et ils sont dispensés de prélever pour d'autres cohanim (sur tout animal égorgé) le morceau d'épaule, les mâchoires et l'estomac. Le premier né de leur bétail pourra paître jusqu'à ce qu'il lui survienne un défaut (ce qui permet de l'égorger et de le manger). Pour le reste, ils subissent les lois les plus sévères comme cohanim et comme simples israélites (en ce qui concerne les sacrifices pacifiques).",
+ "Si une veuve, sans attendre le délai de trois mois après le décès de son mari, se remarie et met au monde un fils, dont on ignore si c'est un enfant venu à neuf mois, et issu du premier mariage, ou s'il est venu à sept mois par le second mariage, et que cette femme ait d'autres fils du premier mari et du second, lorsque ce fils sujet au doute meurt en laissant une veuve sans enfant, celle-ci devra déchausser ses beaux-frères, mais ne pourra en épouser aucun (en raison du doute). De même, quant à lui, si l'un de ses frères maternels meurt, la veuve devra le déchausser, mais elle ne pourra pas l'épouser. S'il a des frères par le premier mariage de sa mère, et d'autre part des frères du second mari sans être de la même mère, s'il lui survient un cas de lévirat, la veuve belle-sœur devra ou le déchausser, ou l'épouser; quant aux autres fils des deux maris, l'un d'eux devra se laisser déchausser par la veuve du fils douteux (le cas échéant de lévirat); après quoi, il sera possible à un fils d'un autre mari de l'épouser (par la même raison).",
+ "Si ladite femme a eu un mari simple israélite et un autre qui soit cohen, le fils né à l'état douteux devra épouser une femme apte au sacerdoce; il ne devra pas se rendre impur pour les morts; en cas d'impureté, il ne subira pas les quarante coups de lanière (vu le doute), il ne mangera pas d'oblation; s'il la mangée, il n'aura à restituer, ni capital, ni supplément; il ne prendra pas de part en grange. Il vendra aux cohanim son revenu d'oblation, et en gardera le montant. Il ne prendra pas de part sur les sacrifices du sanctuaire, et on ne lui donnera rien de sacré. Par contre, il n'est pas tenu de prélever les parts sacerdotales sur ses biens, et il est dispensé de prélever pour d'autres (sur tout animal égorgé) le morceau d'épaule, les mâchoires et l'estomac. Le premier-né de son bétail pourra paître jusqu'à ce qu'il lui survienne un défaut (qui permette de l'égorger et de le manger). Pour le reste, il subira les lois les plus sévères, tant à titre de cohen que de simple israélite. Si les deux pères putatifs sont des cohanim, le fils douteux devra porter le deuil pour l'un comme pour l'autre (au cas de leur décès, il s'abstiendra de manger du sacré le jour de la mort), de même que les pères putatifs porteront le deuil pour lui (dans les mêmes conditions). Cependant, il ne pourra pas se rendre impur pour enterrer l'un d'eux, et aucun d'eux ne pourra se rendre impur pour lui (s'il meurt). Il n'hérite d'aucun d'eux; mais ils héritent de lui (le cas échéant). Il est dispensé de la pénalité légale s'il lui arrivait d'avoir frappé ou maudit l'un de ses pères putatifs. Il fait partie de l'une des sections hebdomadaires sacerdotales qui se rend au Temple pour le service du culte, soit du premier père putatif, soit du second; mais il n'a pas de part à leurs revenus. Si les deux pères faisaient partie d'une même section, il a droit à une part."
+ ],
+ [
+ "La cérémonie du déchaussement doit être accomplie par devant trois juges, fût-ce trois simples israélites (non magistrats). Si l'acte a été accompli à l'aide d'un soulier ordinaire (mince), il est valable; en cas d'emploi de sandale de feutre (impilia), il n'a pas de valeur. Une sandale qui a un talon peut servir, et celle qui n'en a pas est impropre à cet effet. Le déchaussement n'est valable que s'il est accompli au-dessous de la cheville, non s'il l'est au-dessus (si les cordons étaient attachés au-dessus).",
+ "Si la veuve a déchaussé avec une sandale qui ne lui appartient pas, ou avec une sandale de bois (couverte de peau), ou si le soulier de gauche était au pied droit, l'acte est valable. Celui-ci l'est aussi si la veuve a déchaussé son beau-frère avec un soulier trop grand, mais avec lequel on peut marcher au besoin, ou avec un soulier trop petit, mais qui couvre la majeure partie du pied. Le déchaussement effectue la nuit est valable; R. Eleazar le déclare sans valeur. Le déchaussement accompli du pied gauche est nul; mais R. Eleazar le déclare valable.",
+ "Si une veuve a déchaussé son beau-frère et craché devant lui, mais n'a pas énoncé les mots à réciter, la cérémonie est valable; si elle a récité les mots exigibles et a craché, mais n'a pas déchaussé, la cérémonie n'est pas valable. Si elle a déchaussé et récité les mots en question, mais n'a pas craché, selon R. Eliézer, la cérémonie est sans valeur; selon R. aqiba, elle est valable. R. Eléazar déduit des mots: Ainsi il sera fait (Dt 25, 9), que tout acte non accompli invalide la cérémonie. Au contraire, lui dit R. aqiba, des mots \" ainsi il sera fait à l'homme \", on déduit que les actes seuls à accomplir sur l'homme (à son pied) rendraient la cérémonie impropre.",
+ "Le déchaussement opéré sur un sourd-muet, ou par une sourde, ou sur un garçon mineur, est sans valeur. Si une mineure a déchaussé un beau-frère elle devra recommencer une fois devenue grande; cependant, en cas d'omission, la première cérémonie serait pourtant valable.",
+ "Si une femme a déchaussé en présence de deux hommes, ou en présence de trois, dont il est démontré plus tard que l'un d'eux et un parent, ou qu'il est impropre à ester en justice, la cérémonie sera nulle; R. Simon et R. Yohanan le cordonnier la déclarent valable. Un jour, il arriva à quelqu'un, qui se trouvait seul avec sa belle-sœur dans une prison, de se laisser déchausser (pendant que deux témoins la voyaient du dehors); et lorsqu'on soumit ce cas à R. aqiba, il déclara l'acte valable.",
+ "Voici le cérémonial du déchaussement: le frère du défunt et la belle-sœur veuve se présentent au tribunal, dont les membres donneront les conseils de circonstance, comme il est dit (ibid. 8): les vieillards de la ville le convoqueront et lui parleront. Elle dira \" Mon beau-frère a refusé de maintenir le nom de son frère en Israël; il n'a pas voulu m'épouser \"; et lui répondra: \" Je ne veux pas la prendre. \" Le dialogue se fera en langue sacrée (hébreu). La belle-sœur s'approchera alors de lui, en présence des vieillards elle détachera son soulier de son pied et crachera devant lui, d'une façon visible pour les juges. Puis elle ajoutera ces mots: \" Qu'il soit fait ainsi à l'homme qui ne veut pas reconstruire la maison de son frère. \" Jusqu'à ce passage, on lisait le texte biblique relatif à ce sujet. Mais depuis que, sous le chêne situé au village d'Etam R. Horkenos a fait procéder à cette cérémonie, en lisant tout le chapitre, il a été admis comme règle que ce serait lu, y compris les mots \" Son nom sera appelé en Israël la maison du déchaussé. \" Ce précepte (de lecture) concerne seulement les juges, non les disciples, ou auditeurs présents. R. Juda dit: il est recommandé à tous les assistants de dire trois fois: \" le déchaussé! \""
+ ],
+ [
+ "L'école de Shammaï dit: une orpheline mineure (promise par la mère ou le frère à un homme, avec qui la future devenue majeure refuse de rester) peut seulement refuser si elle a été fiancée; l'école de Hillel permet ce refus, soit aux fiancées, soit à celles qui ont été mariées contre leur gré. Les Shammaïtes disent: ce refus concerne le mari seul, non (en cas de décès de ce dernier) le beau-frère par lévirat;les Hillélites l'autorisent aussi pour le beau-frère. Les Shammaïtes disent: le refus doit être énoncé par elle devant le mari; les Hillélites l'autorisent sans qu'il soit présent. Les Shammaïtes exigent la présence du tribunal;les Hillélites l'en dispensent. S'il en est ainsi, disentles Hillélites à leurs adversaires, une fille mineure pourrait refuser jusqu'à quatre et même cinq prétendants qui lui seraient proposés. -Non, dirent les Shammaïtes, les filles d'Israël ne sont pas considérées comme livrées à l'abandon; après qu'elle aura exprimé un refus, elle attendra pour se fiancer à nouveau qu'elle soit devenue majeure; alors, par suite de son premier refus, elle se mariera définitivement.",
+ "Une orpheline mineure qui a été mariée avec son consentement par sa mère ou par ses frères et veut se séparer du mari, est obligée de déclarer devant le tribunal son refus (de rester avec son mari; si sa mère ou ses frères l'ont mariée malgré elle, le mariage était nul, elle n'a pas besoin d'exprimer un refus. R. Hanina b. Antigonos dit: toute enfant qui ne sait pas même conserver l'argent de sa consécration n'a pas besoin d'énoncer le refus du mari qui lui a été présente en sa minorité (de telles fiançailles sont nulles). R. Eléazar dit: l'action d'une mineure n'a pas d'effet, et en cas de mariage accompli à cet âge, la fille est considérée comme séduite. Si la fille d'un israélite est engagée dans ces conditions avec un Cohen, elle ne pourra pas manger de l'oblation (le mariage incomplet ne l'y autorise pas); et lorsqu'au contraire une mineure, fille de Cohen, est ainsi unie à un simple israélite, elle pourra continuer à manger de l'oblation (comme non mariée et chez son père).",
+ "R. Eleazar b. Jacob dit (comme règle): chaque fois que la cause d'ajournement provient du mari, la femme est considérée comme son épouse légitime; lorsque l'obstacle n'est pas suscité par le mari, mais par toute autre cause, la femme n'est pas considérée comme épouse légitime.",
+ "Si une mineure fiancée (comme il vient d'être dit) refuse ce mari, celui-ci pourra épouser les proches parentes de celle-ci (à un degré qui serait interdit si elle était mariée), comme elle peut épouser les proches parents de ce fiancé au même degré, et elle reste apte à épouser un Cohen. Si ce fiancé lui remet un acte de divorce, il est interdit à l'homme d'épouser les proches parentes de cette femme, comme celle-ci ne pourra pas s'unir aux proches parents de son ancien mari, et elle devient impropre à épouser un Cohen. Si après l'avoir répudiée, il l'a reprise, puis la mineure l'a refusé et a épousé un autre, qu'ensuite elle est devenue veuve, ou a été répudiée, le premier mari peut la reprendre. Si elle l'a d'abord refusé, puis elle a consenti à l'épouser, qu'ensuite, ayant reçu le divorce, elle en a épousé un autre, dont elle est devenue veuve, ou a été répudiée, elle ne pourra pas retourner au premier mari. Voici la règle générale: si le divorce a suivi le refus, elle ne pourra pas retourner avec le premier mari; si le refus a suivi le divorce, elle peut retourner avec lui -.-",
+ "Si une mineure repousse son fiancé, puis en épouse un autre qui la répudie, ensuite elle est fiancée à un troisième qu'elle repousse aussi, puis elle l'est avec un quatrième qui la répudie, il sera admis une thèse générale à l'égard des divers prétendants: ceux qui se seront séparés d'elle par acte de divorce ne pourront plus la reprendre; ceux qu'elle a rejetés, pour cause de fiançailles en sa minorité, peuvent la reprendre.",
+ "Si une femme, répudiée par son mari, puis reprise par lui, devient veuve, elle pourra cependant épouser son beau-frère en vertu du lévirat; R. Eléazar le défend. De même si une orpheline répudiée par son mari, puis reprise par lui, devient veuve, elle pourra épouser son beau-frère; R. Eléazar le défend. Si une mineure mariée par son père a été répudiée par son mari, elle est considérée comme orpheline même du vivant de son père; lorsque, pendant qu'elle est encore mineure, ce même mari la reprend (et que, pendant cette même période de temps, il meurt), tous s'accordent à interdire à cette veuve le droit d'épouser son beau-frère par lévirat. Les sages reconnaissent d'accord avec R. Eléazar, que si la mineure a été répudiée par son mari, puis reprise par lui dans le même état légal, la répudiation est formelle, non le retour (à raison du défaut de pouvoir de la femme), et elle sera interdite au beau-frère; mais s'il l'a répudiée comme mineure et l'a reprise après sa majorité, ou si elle a grandi et atteint cette période en puissance de mari, elle sera permise au beau-frère par lévirat.",
+ "Deux frères sont mariés à deux sœurs orphelines et mineures; si; le mari de l'une d'elles meurt, la veuve est libre de toute cérémonie du lévirat envers le survivant, comme sœur de sa femme. Il en est de même, si ce sont deux sourdes. Si l'une est majeure et l'autre mineure, et le mari de la dernière meurt, elle est libre envers le survivant, comme sœur de son épouse; si le mari de l'aînée meurt, on devra selon R. Eliézer, enseigner à la plus jeune de refuser son mari actuel (auquel incombe alors le lévirat envers la veuve. Selon R. Gamliel, si la mineure a eu l'idée de refuser son mari, c'est bien; si non elle peut rester auprès de lui et attendre sa majorité; à ce moment, la sœur aînée est libérée de fait (sans autre cérémonie), à titre de sœur de l'épouse (que le beau-frère ne peut épouser en même temps). R. Josué s'écria: Malheur alors à sa propre femme et à celle de son frère (veuve), puisqu'il doit alors répudier sa femme par acte de divorce, et celle de son frère (la veuve) doit le déchausser (pour qu'il puisse prendre l'une d'elles).",
+ "Si quelqu'un est marié à deux orphelines mineures et meurt, la cohabitation du beau-frère ou le déchaussement par l'une d'elles dispense l'autre de toute cérémonie du lévirat, à titre d'adjointe. Il en est de même si ce sont deux sourdes. Si l'une est mineure et l'autre sourde, la cohabitation du beau-frère avec l'une ne suffit pas pour libérer l'autre. Si l'une entend bien et l'autre est sourde, la cohabitation avec la première libère l'autre; mais la cohabitation avec la seconde ne libère pas la première. De même, si l'une est majeure et l'autre ne l'est pas, la cohabitation avec la majeure libère de tout acte du lévirat celle qui est mineure; mais, à l'inverse, la cohabitation avec la mineure ne libère pas celle qui est majeure.",
+ "Si quelqu'un, marié à deux orphelines mineures, meurt, puis le beau-frère cohabite avec la première veuve, ensuite avec la seconde, ou si un autre frère a cohabité avec la seconde, cet acte (avec la seconde) n'empêche pas la première d'épouser le beau-frère. Il en est de même si ce sont deux sourdes. Si l'une est mineure et l'autre sourde, qu'à la mort du mari le beau-frère cohabite avec la mineure, puis il cohabite avec la sourde, ou si un autre frère cohabite avec celle-ci, cet acte n'empêche pas la mineure d'épouser le beau-frère. Mais si le beau-frère a d'abord cohabité avec la sourde, puis avec la mineure, ou si un autre frère a ensuite cohabité avec la mineure, la sourde devient impropre à épouser le beau-frère.",
+ "Si l'une est bien douée pour l'audition et l'autre est sourde, et qu'après la mort du mari le beau-frère cohabite avec celle qui entend, puis avec la sourde, ou si un autre frère cohabite avec la sourde, la première ne devient pas impropre par là à épouser le beau-frère. Mais, à l'inverse, si le beau-frère cohabite avec la sourde, puis avec celle qui entend, ou si un autre frère cohabite ensuite avec celle qui entend, la sourde devient impropre à ce mariage.",
+ "Si l'une est majeure, l'autre mineure, qu'après la mort d'un frère le beau-frère cohabite avec la veuve aîné, epuis avec la mineure, ou si un autre frère cohabite avec celle-ci, cet acte n'empêche pas le mariage de celle qui est majeure. Mais si le beau-frère a d'abord cohabité avec la mineure, puis avec la majeure, ou si un autre frère a cohabité ensuite avec celle qui est majeure, la mineure ne peut pas se marier avec le même. R. Éléazar dit: on apprendra à la mineure à refuser de rester avec son époux (auquel incombe avant tout le devoir du lévirat envers la majeure, seule veuve vraiment légale du défunt).",
+ "Si un beau-frère enfant cohabite avec sa belle-sœur mineure qui lui incombe par lévirat, ils devront grandir en vivant ensemble. S'il a cohabité avec sa belle-sœur déjà grande, elle devra l'élever (pour devenir libre, le cas échéant, à ce moment). Si une belle-sœur soumise au lévirat (qui a épousé son beau-frère) déclare dans les trente jours de ce mariage n'avoir pas eu la cohabitation de son mari, on le contraint de se laisser déchausser par elle; si elle fait cette déclaration après le trentième jour du mariage, on peut seulement lui demander de se laisser déchausser (sans l'y contraindre). S'il avoue n'avoir pas cohabité, fût-ce au bout d'un an d'union, on le contraint de se laisser déchausser.",
+ "Si une femme a déclaré par vœu, du vivant de son mari, s'interdire toute jouissance venant de son beau-frère, celui-ci en cas de lévirat sera contraint de se laisser déchausser par elle. Si elle a fait ce vœu après la mort de son mari, on cherchera à le persuader de se laisser déchausser par elle (sans l'y contraindre). De même, on pourra seulement agir par persuasion sur lui, lorsque le vœu prononcé par cette femme a eu pour objet de la détourner du lévirat, fût-ce du vivant de son mari."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si un sourd a épousé une femme qui entend, ou si un homme qui entend a épousé une sourde, chacun d'eux est libre, soit de répudier la femme, soit de la garder; car, comme l'acquiescement au mariage a eu lieu par signes (en présence des témoins), il en sera de même pour la répudiation. L'homme entendant bien, qui a épousé une femme semblable, laquelle plus tard devient sourde, a la faculté de la répudier ou de la garder; si elle devient faible d'esprit, il ne peut pas la répudier. S'il devient sourd ou faible d'esprit, il ne peut plus jamais la répudier (son acte serait sans valeur légale). R. Yohanan ben Nouri demanda: pourquoi la femme devenue sourde est-elle susceptible de répudiation, tandis que l'homme devenu sourd n'y est pas sujet? Il lui fut répondu: l'homme qui répudie n'est pas semblable à la femme qui est répudiée; car la femme quitte son mari, soit de plein gré, soit malgré elle, tandis que l'homme agit toujours de plein gré (mais ayant tout son esprit).",
+ "R. Yohanan b. Godgoda attesta avoir appris par tradition qu'une fille mineure sourde, mariée par son père, sera dûment séparée par un acte de divorce. Mais, lui fut-il observé, cela arrive aussi lorsqu'une femme entendant bien devient sourde après son mariage.",
+ "Si deux frères sourds sont mariés à deux sœurs sourdes, ou à deux sœurs entendant bien, ou à deux sœurs dont l'une est sourde et l'autre entend, ou si deux sœurs sont mariées à deux frères qui entendent, ou à deux frères sourds, ou à deux frères dont l'un est sourd et l'autre parle, elles sont complètement dispensées de toute cérémonie de lévirat. Si ces femmes sont étrangères l'une à l'autre, le beau-frère devra d'abord les épouser; plus tard, s'il le veut, il pourra les répudier.",
+ "Deux frères, dont l'un est sourd-muet et l'autre entend, ont épousé deux sœurs qui entendent: si le sourd, mari d'une femme qui entend meurt, l'autre frère qui entend, et a épousé une personne qui entend, n'a rien à faire; car la veuve échappe au lévirat à titre de sœur de la femme (du beau-frère). Si au contraire l'autre frère qui entend meurt, le survivant qui est sourd, marié à une femme qui entend, devra dès ce moment la répudier par acte de divorce, tandis que la femme veuve de son frère reste à jamais interdite.-",
+ "Deux frères qui entendent ont épousé deux sœurs, dont l'une est sourde et l’autre entend: si relui qui entend, mari de la sourde meurt, l’autre frère qui entend, et a épousé une femme qui entend, n’a rien faire; car la veuve échappe au lévirat à titre de sœur de la femme (du beau-frère) Si au contraire l’autre frère, mari de celle qui entend, meurt, le frère survivant, mari de la sourde, devra répudier sa femme par un divorce, et se laisser déchausser par la femme veuve de son frère.",
+ "Deux frères l'un sourd-muet et l'autre bien parlant ont épousé deux sœurs, dont l'une est sourde et l'autre entend: si celui qui entend, mari de la sourde meurt, l'autre frère qui entend, et a épousé une femme qui entend, n'a rien à faire; car la veuve échappe au lévirat à titre de sœur de la femme (du beau-frère). Si au contraire l'autre frère, mari de celle qui entend, meurt, le frère survivant, mari de la sourde, devra répudier sa femme par un divorce, et se laisser déchausser par la femme veuve de son frère.Deux frères, l'un sourd-muet et l'autre bien parlant, sont mariés à deux sœurs, dont l'une est sourde et l'autre entend: si le sourd, mari de la sourde, meurt, l'autre frère qui entend, mari de celle qui entend, n'aura rien à faire; car la veuve échappe au lévirat à titre de sœur de la femme (du beau-frère). Si au contraire l'autre frère qui entend, mari de celle qui entend, meurt, le survivant sourd, mari de la sourde, divorcera sa femme, et sa belle-sœur veuve reste à jamais interdite.-",
+ "Deux frères dont l'un est sourd et l'autre entend sont mariés à deux femmes étrangères entr'elles qui entendent. Si le sourd, mari d'une femme qui entend, meurt, le survivant qui entend et a épousé une femme qui entend devra, ou se laisser déchausser, ou épouser la veuve. Si au contraire le frère qui entend, mari d'une femme qui entend, est mort, le sourd, mari de celle qui entend, devra épouser la veuve, sans pouvoir jamais s'en séparer. Quelle est la règle pour l'adjointe des deux sœurs qui entendent (dont l'une est veuve)? On peut répondre à cette question par cet enseignement: Si la fille qui entend a épousé le frère de quelqu'un, lequel frère est sourd et il meurt, l'adjointe de cette femme (qui échappe forcément au lévirat) est dispensée de toute cérémonie, soit déchaussement, soit mariage par lévirat (il en est de même ici).",
+ "Deux frères qui entendent sont mariés à des femmes étrangères entr'elles, dont l'une entend et l'autre est sourde: si le mari de la sourde qui lui-même entend est mort, le survivant, mari de celle qui entend, devra épouser la veuve; mais il pourra ensuite la répudier, s'il ne veut pas la garder. Si au contraire le mari de celle qui entend est mort, son frère survivant, mari de la sourde, devra, ou se laisser déchausser par la veuve, ou l'épouser.",
+ "Deux frères, dont l'un est sourd et l'autre entend, sont mariés à deux femmes étrangères entr'elles, dont l'une est sourde et l'autre entend. Si le sourd, mari de la sourde, meurt, le frère survivant qui entend, mari de celle qui entend, devra épouser la veuve; mais il pourra la répudier plus tard. Si celui qui entend, mari de celle qui entend, est mort, le survivant sourd, mari de la sourde, devra épouser la veuve, sans pouvoir jamais s'en séparer."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Une femme est partie avec son mari pour un voyage dans une province d'outre-mer. Si l'harmonie a régné entre elle et lui, que la paix domine sur le monde (qu'il n'y a pas de guerre), et qu'elle revient en disant: \" mon mari est mort \", elle peut se remarier (elle est digne de foi), ou épouser son beau-frère en cas de lévirat. S'il y a eu la paix entre eux, mais une guerre domine dans le monde, ou s'il y a eu des discussions entre eux, au milieu de la paix de l'univers, et qu'elle vient annoncer la mort de son mari, on n'ajoute pas foi à sa déclaration (qui peut avoir été dictée par un intérêt personnel). R. Juda dit: on ne la croira en aucun cas, à moins qu'elle arrive en pleurant et les vêtements déchirés. Les autres rabbins lui dirent: que ces signes de manifestation extérieure soient là, ou non, elle doit pouvoir se marier, le cas échéant de probabilité du veuvage.",
+ "L'école de Hillel dit ne pas avoir entendu émettre le principe applicable au cas précédent, sauf lorsqu'une femme revient de la moisson (et dans la même province), fait qui un jour eut lieu. L'école de Shammaï dit: il importe peu que ce soit une femme revenant de la moisson, ou de la cueillette des olives, ou de la vendange, ou même d'une province quelconque dans son séjour habituel; et si les sages ont seulement parlé de moisson, c'est que c'était précisément le cas présent. Sur quoi les Hillélites, renonçant à leur avis, ont adopté celui des Shammaïtes.",
+ "L'école de Shammaï dit: en ce cas, une femme peut se remarier et emporter avec elle son douaire; celle de Hillel lui permet de se remarier, non de reprendre son douaire. Quoi, leur dirent les Shammaïtes, vous avez permis la question de mariage prohibé, qui est grave, et vous ne voulez pas accorder à cette femme une question d'argent, qui est insignifiante. Non, répliquèrentles Hillélites, la question d'argent est aussi grave; puisque, d'après la seule assertion de la femme (s'il n'y a pas deux témoignages confirmatifs), les frères du défunt ne peuvent pas prendre part à l'héritage. Sur quoi l'école de Shammaï observa que, dans le texte même du contrat de mariage, on trouve la confirmation de son avis, puisqu'il y est écrit: \" Lorsque tu épouseras un autre mari, tu recevras ce qui est inscrit ici pour toi. \" Sur ce, les Hillélites, renonçant à leur opinion, professèrent celle des Shammaïtes.",
+ "Chacun est digne de foi pour attester le décès du mari, à l'exception de sa belle-mère, ou la fille de sa belle-mère, ou l'adjointe de la veuve, ou sa belle-sœur, ou une fille de son mari (belle-fille). Pourquoi y a-t-il une différence entre le divorce et le décès du mari? (Pourquoi croit-on la femme si elle déclare que cet acte a été écrit et signé devant elle, tandis qu'on n'ajoute pas foi, en divers cas, au décès qu'elle annonce de son mari?) C'est que l'acte même de divorce est un témoignage écrit en faveur de son assertion. Si, après l'assertion d'un témoin disant que le mari est mort, la femme se remarie, puis un autre témoin vient dire que le mari n'est pas mort, elle n'a pas besoin de quitter le second mari. Si la déclaration de décès a été faite par un seul témoin, tandis que deux témoins affirment qu'il n'est pas mort, la femme devra rompre le mariage qu'elle aurait conclu. Mais si deux témoins attestent le décès, et un seul autre le dément, la femme qui aura hésité à se marier peut désormais épouser un autre mari.",
+ "Si de deux femmes d'un même mari l'une déclare qu'il est mort et l'autre la dément, la première peut se remarier et emporte son douaire, tandis que la seconde ne pourra, ni se remarier, ni rien emporter. Si l'une dit qu'il est mort naturellement, et l'autre dit qu'il a été tué, selon R. Méir, elles ne devront pas pouvoir se remarier, en raison de ce que leurs déclarations ne sont pas d'accord. Selon R. Juda et R. Simon, puisque l'une comme l'autre reconnaît que le mari ne vit plus, elles peuvent se remarier. Si un témoin atteste le décès et un autre témoin le dément, ou si l'une des deux femmes déclare le mari mort, et l'autre dit le contraire, elle ne pourra pas se remarier.",
+ "Si une femme a fait avec son mari un voyage d'outre-mer, et qu'en revenant seule elle annonce le décès de son mari, elle peut se marier et reprendre son douaire; à une autre femme adjointe qui n'a pas fait partie du voyage), il est interdit de se marier. Si cette dernière était une fille de simple israélite mariée à un cohen, elle pourra manger de l'oblation. Selon l'avis de R. Tarfon, R. aqiba dit: ce n'est pas une voie appropriée pour la détourner de commettre un péché; et comme il lui est interdit de se remarier, il lui est aussi défendu désormais de manger de l'oblation.",
+ "Si la femme annonce que son mari est mort d'abord, puis son beau-père, elle pourra se remarier et prendre son douaire, mais c'est interdit à la belle-mère. Si celle-ci est une fille d'israélite mariée à un cohen, elle pourra continuer à manger de l'oblation, selon R. Tarfon. R. aqiba dit: ce n'est pas un bon moyen pour la détourner du mal, et comme il lui est interdit de se remarier, il lui sera aussi défendu de manger de l'oblation. Si quelqu'un s'est engagé avec l'une de cinq femmes sans savoir laquelle il a consacrée, et que chacune prétend être l'epouse, l'homme devra remettre à chacune un acte de divorce, leur remettre ensemble le douaire, et se retirer, selon l'avis de R. Tarfon. R. aqiba dit: ce n'est pas le procédé pour la détourner du mal; mais il devra, outre le divorce spécial, remettre à chacune son douaire. Si quelqu'un a volé l'une de cinq personnes et qu'il ne sait plus qui il a volé, lorsque chacun déclare avoir été volé, il leur remettra ensemble l'objet volé et se retirera, selon R. Tarfon. R. aqiba dit: ce n'est pas là le moyen de détourner cet homme du crime de vol; et il devra payer à chacun le montant du vol (comme amende).",
+ "Si une femme a fait avec son mari et son fils un voyage d'outre-mer, et qu'en revenant seule elle dit que d'abord son mari est mort, puis son fils, elle est digne de foi. Mais si elle dit: \" Mon fils est mort et ensuite mon mari est mort \", on ne la croit pas; seulement, on a égard à son assertion, en ce sens que, pour être libérée, elle devra déchausser le beau-frère, non l'épouser.",
+ "Si elle dit: \" Il m'est né un fils dans la province d'outre-mer, seulement il y est mort, puis mon mari est mort \", on la croit (et le lévirat aura lieu). Si elle dit: \" mon mari est mort, puis mon fils est mort \", on ne la croit pas; mais par égard pour son assertion, elle devra déchausser le beau-frère, non l'épouser.",
+ "Si elle dit: \" dans ce pays d'outre-mer, il m'est né un beau-frère, puis mon mari est mort, ensuite mon beau-frère \", ou \" d'abord mon beau-frère, puis mon mari \", on lui ajoute foi. Si elle a fait avec son mari et son beau-frère un voyage d'outre-mer, et qu'en revenant seule, elle dit: \" mon mari est mort, puis mon beau-frère \", ou: \" mon beau-frère est mort, puis mon mari \", on ne la croit pas, car une femme n'est pas crue si elle déclare que son beau-frère est mort; on présume alors que c'est en vue d'être libre d'en épouser un autre; ni si elle annonce le décès de sa sœur, car c'est peut-être afin d'épouser son beau-frère. De même, nul homme n'est cru s'il dit que son frère est mort, car c'est peut-être en vue d'épouser sa belle-sœur, ni s'il annonce le décès de sa femme, car c'est peut-être pour épouser la sœur de celle-ci."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Si un mari et la femme adjointe font un voyage d'outre-mer, et que l'on vient annoncer à la première femme la mort du mari, elle ne pourra ni se remarier, ni contacter le lévirat, jusqu'à ce qu'elle sache si la seconde femme est enceinte et mette un fils au monde. Si elle a une belle-mère au loin, elle n'a pas à se préoccuper si celle-ci a eu un autre fils (qui lui incomberait un jour à titre de lévirat); mais si la belle-mère a quitté le pays étant enceinte, la veuve en question devra se préoccuper si c'est un fils (lui incombant plus tard); selon R. Josué, il est inutile de s'en préoccuper.",
+ "Si deux belles-sœurs (femmes de deux frères) disent chacune que leur mari est mort, il est interdit à chacune de se remarier, dans la crainte que le mari de l'autre vive (et que le lévirat doive s'exercer). Si l'une a des témoins et l'autre n'en a pas, celle qui a des témoins en faveur de son dire ne peut pas se marier (puisque le dire de l'autre n'est pas suffisamment prouvé, et le lévirat doit subsister peut-être); tandis que celle qui n'a pas de témoins devient libre (par l'assertion adverse). Si l'une a des enfants, non l'autre, celle qui en a devient libre, et celle qui n'en a pas reste interdite. Si (au premier cas) les dites belles-sœurs ont épousé les beaux-frères, qui ensuite sont morts, il leur est interdit de se remarier à nouveau. R. Eléazar dit: puisqu'il leur a été permis d'épouser les beaux-frères, elles peuvent se remarier avec n'importe qui.",
+ "L'attestation de décès n'est valable que si elle se rapporte à la vue du visage avec le nez; les signes distinctifs sur le corps, ou sur les vêtements, ne suffisent pas à cet effet. De même, l'attestation n'est valable que si l'on a vu quelqu'un expirer; il ne suffit pas de l'avoir vu ayant les nerfs coupés (transpercé), ou pendu, ou au moment où une bête fauve le dévorait. L'attestation n'est valable aussi que pour un cadavre mort depuis trois jours au plus (après quoi, il se décompose). R. Juda b. Bava dit: il faut distinguer entre les gens, le lieu et le temps.",
+ "Si quelqu'un tombe à l'eau, qu'elle soit enclose ou non, sa veuve reste interdite; car, dit R. Meir, on a vu quelqu'un tomber dans une grande citerne et remonter au bout de trois jours. Par contre, R. Yossé raconte qu'un aveugle étant descendu se baigner dans une caverne suivi de son conducteur, ils restèrent dans l'eau jusqu'à ce qu'ils expirèrent; à la suite de quoi, leurs femmes purent se marier. Une autre fois, il arriva à Essia de faire descendre quelqu'un à la mer par une chaîne; il se noya, et l'on n'en ramena que le pied. Sur quoi, les sages ont énoncé cette règle: lorsqu'en un tel cas, le pied a plus que le genou, la veuve peut se remarier (il y a certitude de décès), mais elle ne le peut pas si ce pied constitue la partie inférieure, au-dessous du genou (ainsi estropié, on peut survivre).",
+ "Il suffit (pour l'attester) avoir entendu dire par des femmes qu'un tel est mort. R. Juda dit: il suffit pour cela d'avoir entendu dire à des enfants qu'ils vont déplorer et enterrer un tel, soit qu'ils aient eu l'intention de provoquer ce témoignage, soit qu'ils ne l'aient pas eue. R. Juda b. Bava dit: par un israélite, une telle assertion est valable même lorsqu'elle a été faite avec une intention; mais un tel témoignage fait avec une arrière-pensée n'est pas valable s'il s'agit d'un païen.",
+ "Il est permis d'attester ce que l'on a vu à la clarté d'une lumière, ou de la lune; il est permis à une femme de se remarier, n'aurait-elle eu avis de décès que par une voix en l'air (un écho). Ainsi, il est arrivé à quelqu'un, placé au sommet d'une montagne, de dire qu'un tel fils d'untel né dans telle localité est mort; lorsqu'on parvint à ce sommet l'on n'y trouva personne, et pourtant il fut permis à la veuve de se remarier. Une autre fois, il est arrivé dans la localité de Çalmon que l'on a entendu dire: \" Moi un tel, fils d'un tel, suis mordu par un serpent, et je meurs. \" Arrivé près du cadavre, les habitants ne le reconnurent plus; et pourtant il fut permis à sa veuve de se remarier (par suite de l'audition de la voix en l'air).",
+ "R. aqiba dit: lorsque je suis descendu à Nehardea pour rendre l'année embolismique, j'ai reçu, la visite de Néhémie habitant de Bet-Delia, qui me raconta avoir entendu exprimer l'interdiction à une femme de se remarier en Palestine, lorsque le décès de son mari est attesté par un seul témoin; c'est l'avis des docteurs, contraire à celui de R. Juda b. Bava seul. Je lui ai ajouté que cet avis est exact. Il reprit alors et m'invita à leur dire en son nom: \" Vous savez que cette province est infestée par des troupes de guerre (dangereuses); j'ai appris, par tradition de R. Gamliel l'ancien, qu'il est permis d'épouser une femme sur l'avis du décès de son mari énoncé par un seul témoin. \" Lorsqu'à mon tour je suis venu exposer son dire devant R. Gamliel, il s'est réjoui de mes paroles, et m'a dit qu'il est heureux de voir confirmé l'avis de R. Juda b. Bava. Sur ces entrefaites, R. Gamliel se souvint qu'il y avait eu des massacres à Thel-Arza; après quoi, R. Gamliel l'ancien autorisa les veuves à se remarier, sur l'assertion du décès par un seul témoin. Depuis lors, il a été décidé qu'un seul témoignage annonçant le décès du mari suffit pour permettre à une veuve de se remarier, ou l'attestation d'un seul témoin qui l'avait appris d'un autre, ou d'un esclave, ou d'une femme, ou d'une servante. R. Eléazar et R. Yoshoua ne permettent pas à la veuve de se remarier sur l'avis d'un seul témoin. R. aqiba n'admet pas non plus comme valable l'attestation faite d'après l'avis d'une femme, ou d'un esclave, ou d'une servante, ou de proches parents. On lui répliqua: Il est arrivé à des lévites de se rendre à Çoar, la ville des Palmiers; et comme l'un d'eux tomba malade en route, on l'apporta dans une auberge (fondouq); à leur retour, ils demandèrent après leur compagnon à l'aubergiste, qui leur répondit qu'après le décès de cet homme elle l'avait fait enterrer. A la suite de quoi, sa veuve fut autorisée à se remarier. Or, fit-on observer (aux préopinants), est-ce qu'une femme ou fille de cohen ne serait pas aussi digne de foi qu'une aubergiste? -Non, répliqua-t-il, l'assertion de cette dernière sera aussi digne de foi que celle de l'aubergiste, lorsqu'une veuve pourra (comme celle-ci) apporter aux réclamants le bâton de voyage du défunt, son sac, et jusqu'au livre de Loi qu'il avait eu en main."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7da92eaa436e44a2e1f5b37e158743d8ee118880
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Fünfzehn Frauen befreien ihre Nebenfrauen und die Nebenfrauen ihrer Nebenfrauen von der Chaliza und der Leviratsehe bis ins Unendliche; und zwar sind dies folgende: Seine Tochter, die Tochter seiner Tochter, die Tochter seines Sohnes; die Tochter seiner Frau, die Tochter ihres Sohnes, die Tochter ihrer Tochter; seine Schwiegermutter, die Mutter seiner Schwiegermutter, die Mutter seines Schwiegervaters; seine Schwester mütterlicherseits, die Schwester seiner Mutter, die Schwester seiner Frau, die Frau seines Bruders mütterlicherseits, die Frau seines Bruders, der nicht mit ihm gleichzeitig gelebt hat, seine Schwiegertochter — alle diese befreien ihre Nebenfrauen und die Nebenfrauen ihrer Nebenfrauen von der Chaliza und der Leviratsehe bis ins Unendliche. Sind sie aber gestorben, oder haben ihre Weigerung erklärt, oder sind geschieden, oder als unfruchtbar befunden, so sind ihre Nebenfrauen (zur Leviratsehe) erlaubt. Bei seiner Schwiegermutter, der Mutter seiner Schwiegermutter und der Mutter seines Schwiegervaters kann man jedoch nicht sagen, dass sie als unfruchtbar befunden worden oder ihre Weigerung erklärt haben.",
+ "Was heisst: „sie befreien ihre Nebenfrauen?“ War (z. B.) seine Tochter oder eine von diesen wegen Blutsverwandtschaft ihm (zur Ehe) verbotenen Frauen mit seinem Bruder verheiratet, der noch eine andre Frau hatte und nun gestorben ist: dann ist wie seine Tochter auch deren Nebenfrau (von der Leviratsehe) frei. Ging die Nebenfrau seiner Tochter hin und heiratete dessen zweiten Bruder, der noch eine andre Frau hatte, und darauf starb dieser: dann ist wie die Nebenfrau seiner Tochter auch die Nebenfrau deren Nebenfrau (von der Leviratsehe) frei, selbst wenn es hundert sind. Was heisst: „sind sie gestorben, so sind ihre Nebenfrauen (zur Leviratsehe) erlaubt?“ War (z. B.) seine Tochter oder eine von diesen wegen Blutsverwandtschaft ihm (zur Ehe) verbotenen Frauen mit seinem Bruder verheiratet, der noch eine andre Frau hatte, und es stirbt seine Tochter oder sie wird geschieden, und nachher stirbt sein Bruder: so ist deren Nebenfrau (zur Leviratsehe) erlaubt. War sie zur Weigerung berechtigt, hat jedoch diese Erklärung nicht abgegeben, so muss ihre Nebenfrau die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Schwager nicht heiraten.",
+ "Bei sechs Frauen, die (dem Manne) wegen Blutsverwandtschaft zur Ehe verboten sind, ist das Gesetz noch strenger als bei jenen, indem sie nur Andre heiraten dürfen, und deshalb sind ihre Nebenfrauen (zur Ehe) erlaubt: seine Mutter, die Frau seines Vaters, die Schwester seines Vaters, seine Schwester väterlicherseits, die Frau seines Vaterbruders und die Frau seines Bruders väterlicherseits.",
+ "Bet-Schammai erlaubt die Nebenfrauen den Brüdern (zur Leviratsehe); Bet-Hillel aber verbietet es. Haben sie die Chaliza vollzogen, so erklärt sie Bet-Schammai für ungeeignet, einen Priester zu heiraten; Bet-Hillel aber erklärt sie für geeignet. Ist an ihnen die Leviratsehe vollzogen, so erklärt sie Bet-Schammai für geeignet (zur Priesterehe), Bet - Hillel aber für ungeeignet. Obgleich die Einen (Manches verbieten, was die Andren erlauben,) Manche für ungeeignet (zur Ehe) erklären, die die Andren für geeignet halten, trug dennoch das Haus Schammai’s kein Bedenken, Frauen aus dem Hause Hillels zu heiraten, und das Haus Hillels (trug kein Bedenken), Frauen aus dem Hause Schammai’s zu heiraten. Auch hinsichtlich alles Reinen und Unreinen, das die Einen für rein, die Andren aber für unrein erklärten, trugen die Einen kein Bedenken, die Geräte der Andren zur Bereitung von Reinem zu gebrauchen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wie ist zu verstehen: „Die Frau seines Bruders, der nicht mit ihm gleichzeitig gelebt hat?“ Wenn von zwei Brüdern einer stirbt und ihnen dann noch ein Bruder geboren wird, darauf der zweite (Bruder) an der Frau seines (ersten) Bruders die Leviratsehe vollzieht und stirbt: so ist die erste frei (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) als Frau seines Bruders, der nicht mit ihm gleichzeitig gelebt hat, und die zweite als deren Nebenfrau. Hält er nur die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie und stirbt darauf, so muss die zweite die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Schwager nicht heiraten.",
+ "Wenn von zwei Brüdern einer stirbt, der zweite an der Frau seines Bruders die Leviratsehe vollzieht, dann ihnen noch ein Bruder geboren wird und jener stirbt: so ist die erste frei (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) als Frau seines Bruders, der nicht mit ihm gleichzeitig gelebt hat, und die zweite als deren Nebenfrau. Hält er nur die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie und stirbt darauf, so muss die zweite die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Schwager nicht heiraten. R. Simon sagt: er darf jede beliebige von beiden als Levir heiraten oder jeder beliebigen Chaliza erteilen.",
+ "Eine Regel haben sie in Bezug auf die Schwägerin gesagt: Jede, die wegen Blutsverwandtschaft (zur Ehe) verboten ist, braucht nicht die Chaliza zu vollziehen und darf den Levir nicht heiraten; ist sie infolge einer (rabbinischen) Satzung oder wegen der Heiligkeit (des Standes) (zur Ehe) verboten, so muss sie die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten; ist ihre Schwester (zugleich) ihre Schwägerin, so darf sie die Chaliza vollziehen oder den Levir heiraten.",
+ "„Infolge einer Satzung (zur Ehe) verboten“ heissen die zweiten Verwandtschafts-Grade, (die) nach der Bestimmung der Schriftgelehrten (zur Ehe verboten sind). „Wegen Heiligkeit“ (des Standes) sind (zur Ehe) verboten: die Witwe dem Hohenpriester, die Geschiedene und die Chaluza dem gemeinen Priester, der weibliche Bastard und die Nethina einem Israeliten, und die Tochter eines Israeliten einem Nathin und einem Bastard.",
+ "Wenn jemand irgend einen Bruder hat, so verpflichtet dieser die Frau seines Bruders zur Leviratsehe und gilt als dessen Bruder in jeder Hinsicht, ausser wenn er der Sohn einer Sklavin oder Nichtjüdin ist. Wenn jemand irgend einen Sohn hat, so befreit dieser die Frau seines Vaters von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht, ist schuldig, wenn er ihn (den Vater) schlägt oder ihm flucht, und gilt als dessen Sohn in jeder Hinsicht, ausser wenn er der Sohn einer Sklavin oder Nichtjüdin ist.",
+ "Wer sich eine von zwei Schwestern angetraut hat und nicht weiss, welche er sich angetraut hat, muss der einen wie der andren einen Scheidebrief geben. Stirbt er und hat (nur noch) einen Bruder, so muss dieser beiden die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er zwei (Brüder), so muss der eine die Chaliza erteilen, und der andre darf (dann) die Leviratsehe vollziehen; haben sie aber voreilig geheiratet, so werden die Ehen nicht getrennt.",
+ "Wenn zwei (Männer) sich zwei Schwestern angetraut haben und der eine wie der andre nicht weiss, welche er sich angetraut hat, so muss jeder von ihnen zwei Scheidebriefe geben. Sterben sie und jeder hat (nur noch) einen Bruder, so muss jeder von diesen den beiden (Frauen) die Chaliza erteilen. Hat der eine (nur noch) einen (Bruder), der andre aber (deren) zwei, so muss der einzelne beiden die Chaliza erteilen, und von den zweien muss der eine die Chaliza erteilen, und der andre darf (dann) die Leviratsehe vollziehen; haben sie aber voreilig geheiratet, so werden die Ehen nicht getrennt. Hat jeder zwei Brüder, so muss der eine Bruder des einen der einen (Schwester) die Chaliza erteilen und der eine Bruder des andren der andren die Chaliza erteilen, und der andre Bruder des ersten darf (dann) an der Chaluza des ersten und der andre Bruder des zweiten an der Chaluza des zweiten die Leviratsehe vollziehen. Haben die beiden Brüder (des einen) voreilig die Chaliza erteilt, so dürfen die beiden (andren Brüder) die Leviratsehe nicht vollziehen, sondern einer (von ihnen) muss die Chaliza erteilen, und der andre darf (dann) die Leviratsehe vollziehen. Haben sie aber voreilig geheiratet, so werden die Ehen nicht getrennt.",
+ "Dem Ältesten (Bruder) liegt die Pflicht ob, die Leviratsehe zu vollziehen; ist aber der jüngere zuvorgekommen, so hat er (sie) erworben. Wer verdächtigt wird wegen einer Sklavin, die (später) freigelassen oder wegen einer Nichtjüdin, die (später) Proselytin wurde, darf sie nicht heiraten; hat er sie geheiratet, so wird die Ehe nicht getrennt. Wenn jemand verdächtigt wird wegen der Ehefrau eines Andren, und man die Ehe mit diesem getrennt hat, so wird, wenn jener sie auch geheiratet hat, seine Ehe getrennt.",
+ "Wenn jemand (einer Frau) einen Scheidebrief (von ihrem Gatten) aus einem fernen Lande bringt und erklärt: „in meiner Gegenwart ist er geschrieben und unterzeichnet,“ so darf er dessen Frau nicht heiraten. (Erklärt er:) „Er ist gestorben,“ (oder) „ich habe ihn getötet,“ (oder) „wir haben ihn getötet:“ so darf er dessen Frau nicht heiraten. R. Jehuda sagt: (Erklärt er:) „ich habe ihn getötet,“ so darf dessen Frau sich nicht (wieder) verheiraten; (erklärt er:) „wir haben ihn getötet,“ so darf sich dessen Frau (wieder) verheiraten.",
+ "Ein Gelehrter, der eine Frau durch (deren) Gelübde ihrem Gatten verboten hat, darf diese nicht heiraten. Hat sie in seiner Gegenwart ihre Weigerung erklärt oder die Chaliza vollzogen, so darf er sie heiraten, weil dies (nur) vor Gericht geschieht. In allen obigen Fällen dürfen sie, wenn sie Frauen hatten und diese gestorben sind, jene heiraten. Waren diese mit Andren verheiratet und wurden geschieden oder verwitwet, so dürfen sie jene (Männer) heiraten; in allen Fällen sind sie deren Söhnen oder Brüdern (zur Ehe) erlaubt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn zwei von vier Brüdern zwei Schwestern geheiratet haben und die mit den Schwestern Verheirateten sterben, so müssen diese (letzteren) die Chaliza vollziehen, dürfen aber den Schwager nicht heiraten. Haben sie sie voreilig geheiratet, so müssen sie sie wieder entlassen. R. Elieser sagt: „Bet-Schammai sagt: sie dürfen sie behalten, und Bet-Hillel sagt: sie müssen sie entlassen.“",
+ "Ist eine von ihnen dem einen (Bruder) wegen Blutsverwandtschaft (zur Ehe) verboten, so darf er nicht diese, wohl aber ihre Schwester heiraten, und dem andren (Bruder) sind beide (zur Ehe) verboten. Ist eine von ihnen (zur Ehe) verboten infolge einer (rabbinischen) Satzung oder wegen der Heiligkeit (des Standes), so muss sie die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "Ist die eine von ihnen dem einen (Bruder) und die andre dem andren wegen Blutsverwandtschaft (zur Ehe) verboten, so ist immer diejenige, die dem einen (zur Ehe) verboten ist, dem andren erlaubt. Dies ist der Fall, von dem man (oben) sagte: „Ist ihre Schwester (zugleich) ihre Schwägerin, so darf sie die Chaliza vollziehen oder den Levir heiraten.“",
+ "Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern, oder einer Frau und deren Tochter, oder einer Frau und deren Enkelin in weiblicher Linie oder einer Frau und der Tochter ihres Sohnes verheiratet waren, so müssen diese die Chaliza vollziehen, dürfen aber den Levir nicht heiraten; R. Simon aber befreit sie (auch von Chaliza). War eine von ihnen ihm wegen Blutsverwandtschaft (zur Ehe) verboten, so darf er nicht diese, wohl aber ihre Schwester heiraten; (war eine von ihnen ihm zur Ehe verboten) infolge einer (rabbinischen) Satzung oder wegen der Heiligkeit (des Standes), so muss sie die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind, der dritte aber ledig ist, und es stirbt einer der Männer der Schwestern, der Ledige hält die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie und der andre Bruder stirbt, so sagt Bet-Schammai: Seine Frau (bleibe) bei ihm, die andre aber ist frei (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) als „Schwester seiner Frau.“ Bet-Hillel aber sagt: Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief und Chaliza und die Frau seines Bruders durch Chaliza entlassen. Dies ist der Fall, in dem man zu sagen pflegt: „Wehe ihm wegen seiner Frau und wehe ihm wegen der Frau seines Bruders.“",
+ "Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind und der dritte eine Fremde zur Frau hat, es stirbt einer der Männer der Schwestern, der Mann der Fremden heiratet dessen Frau und stirbt: so ist die erste frei (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) als „Schwester seiner Frau“, und die zweite als deren Nebenfrau; hat er nur die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten und stirbt, so muss die Fremde die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten. Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind und der dritte eine Fremde zur Frau hat, es stirbt der Mann der Fremden, einer der Männer der Schwestern heiratet dessen Frau und stirbt: so ist die erste frei (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) als „Schwester seiner Frau“ und die zweite als deren Nebenfrau; hat er nur die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten und stirbt, so muss die Fremde die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind und der dritte eine Fremde zur Frau hat, es stirbt einer der Männer der Schwestern, der Mann der Fremden heiratet dessen Frau, die Frau des Zweiten stirbt und dann auch der Mann der Fremden: so ist ihm diese für immer (zur Ehe) verboten, weil sie ihm eine Zeit lang schon verboten war. Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind und der dritte eine Fremde zur Frau hat, es scheidet sich einer der Männer der Schwestern von seiner Frau, der Mann der Fremden stirbt, dann heiratet diese der Geschiedene und stirbt: so ist dies der Fall, von dem es hiess: „Sind sie gestorben oder geschieden, so sind ihre Nebenfrauen (zur Leviratsehe) erlaubt.",
+ "War in allen obigen Fällen die Trauung oder die Ehescheidung zweifelhaft, so müssen die Nebenfrauen die Chaliza vollziehen, dürfen aber den Levir nicht heiraten. Wann heisst die Trauung zweifelhaft? Wenn er (der Mann) ihr (der Frau) das Trauungs-Object zuwirft und es zweifelhaft ist, ob (es) näher zu ihm oder zu ihr (liegt), dann ist die Trauung zweifelhaft. (Wann heisst) die Ehescheidung zweifelhaft? Wenn er ihn (den Scheidebrief) eigenhändig schreibt und keine Zeugen darunter stehen; wenn Zeugen darunter stehen, aber keine Zeit darin angegeben ist; wenn die Zeit darin angegeben ist, aber nur ein Zeuge darunter steht: dann ist die Ehescheidung zweifelhaft.",
+ "Wenn drei Brüder mit drei fremden Frauen verheiratet sind, der eine von ihnen stirbt, der zweite nur die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie (dessen Witwe) hält und stirbt: so müssen diese die Chaliza vollziehen, dürfen aber den Levir nicht heiraten; denn es heisst (Deut. 25,5): „(Wenn zwei Brüder zusammen wohnen) und es stirbt einer von ihnen … so wohne ihr Schwager ihr bei …“ d. h. also derjenigen, der gegenüber nur einem Schwager die (Leviratsehe)- Pflicht obliegt, aber nicht zweien. R. Simon sagt: er darf die Leviratsehe vollziehen, an welcher er will, und muss der andren die Chaliza erteilen. Wenn zwei Brüder mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind, und es stirbt einer von ihnen und dann stirbt die Frau des Andren: so ist jene diesem für immer (zur Ehe) verboten, weil sie ihm bereits eine Zeit lang verboten war.",
+ "Wenn zwei Männer sich zwei Frauen angetraut haben und man diese bei ihrem Eintritt unter den Trauhimmel mit einander vertauscht hat, so sind jene (Männer) schuldig, sofern jede eine Ehefrau ist; waren es Brüder, (so sind sie) auch (schuldig), sofern jede die Frau des Bruders ist; waren es Schwestern, (so sind sie) auch (schuldig), sofern jede die Schwester seiner Frau ist; waren es Menstruierende, (so sind sie) auch (schuldig), sofern jede eine Menstruierende ist. Man sondert sie drei Monate (von den Männern) ab, weil sie vielleicht schwanger geworden sind. Waren es Minderjährige, die zum Gebären noch unfähig sind, so giebt man sie sofort (ihren Gatten) zurück. Waren es Priestertöchter, so verlieren sie das Recht, Hebe zu geniessen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn jemand seiner Schwägerin die Chaliza erteilt, und es ergiebt sich dann, dass sie schwanger war, und sie gebiert: so darf, wenn das Kind lebensfähig ist, er ihre und sie seine Verwandten heiraten, und er hat sie (durch die Chaliza) zur Priester-Ehe nicht ungeeignet gemacht. Ist das Kind nicht lebensfähig, so darf weder er ihre noch sie seine Verwandten heiraten, und er hat sie zur Priester-Ehe ungeeignet gemacht.",
+ "Wenn jemand an seiner Schwägerin die Leviratsehe vollzieht und es ergiebt sich, dass sie schwanger war, und sie gebiert: so muss er sie, wenn das Kind lebensfähig ist, entlassen, und beide müssen ein Opfer bringen. Ist das Kind nicht lebensfähig, so muss er sie behalten. Ist es zweifelhaft, ob es ein Neunmonatskind (aus der Ehe) des ersten oder ein Siebenmonatskind (aus der Ehe) des zweiten Mannes ist, so muss er sie entlassen, das Kind gilt als legitim, und beide müssen ein „Schuldopfer wegen des Zweifels“ bringen.",
+ "Wenn einer auf die Leviratsehe wartenden Frau Güter zufallen, so stimmen Bet-Schammai und Bet-Hillel darin überein, dass sie (sie) verkaufen und verschenken darf und dies rechtskräftig ist. Wie hat man, wenn sie stirbt, mit ihrer Ketuba und dem mit ihr ein- und ausgehenden Vermögen zu verfahren? Bet-Schammai sagt: es teilen die Erben des Gatten mit den Erben ihres Vaters. Bet-Hillel sagt: die Güter bleiben in ihrem Rechtszustand, die Ketuba (bleibt) im Besitze des Gatten, das mit ihr ein- und ausgehende Vermögen im Besitze der Erben ihres Vaters.",
+ "Hat er an ihr die Leviratsehe vollzogen, so gilt sie als seine Gattin in jeder Hinsicht, nur dass ihre Ketuba zu Lasten des Vermögens ihres ersten Gatten ist.",
+ "Dem ältesten (Bruder) liegt die Pflicht ob, die Leviratsehe zu vollziehen. Will er es nicht, so wendet man sich an alle (andren) Brüder. Wollen diese nicht, so kehrt man zu dem ältesten zurück und sagt zu ihm: „Dir liegt die Pflicht ob; erteile die Chaliza oder vollziehe die Leviratsehe!“",
+ "Will er (mit seiner Entscheidung) warten, bis ein minderjähriger (Bruder) heranwächst oder der älteste aus einem fernen Lande heimkehrt oder ein Taubstummer oder ein Schwachsinniger genesen, so hört man nicht auf ihn, sondern sagt zu ihm: „Dir liegt die Pflicht ob; erteile die Chaliza oder vollziehe die Leviratsehe!“",
+ "Wer seiner Schwägerin die Chaliza erteilt, gilt (dennoch) als gleichberechtigt mit jedem der Brüder in Bezug auf die Erbschaft; lebt aber der Vater noch, so gehört das Vermögen dem Vater. Wer an seiner Schwägerin die Leviratsehe vollzieht, erwirbt (dadurch) das Vermögen seines Bruders. R. Jehuda sagt: In beiden Fällen gehört, wenn der Vater noch lebt, das Vermögen dem Vater. Wenn jemand seiner Schwägerin die Chaliza erteilt, so darf weder er ihre noch sie seine Verwandten heiraten. Er darf nicht heiraten: ihre Mutter, die Mutter ihrer Mutter, die Mutter ihres Vaters, ihre Tochter, die Tochter ihrer Tochter, die Tochter ihres Sohnes und ihre Schwester, so lange jene am Leben ist; seine Brüder jedoch dürfen diese heiraten. Sie darf nicht heiraten: seinen Vater, den Vater seines Vaters, (den Vater seiner Mutter), seinen Sohn, den Sohn seines Sohnes, seinen Bruder und den Sohn seines Bruders. Man darf die Verwandte der Nebenfrau seiner Chaluza, aber nicht die Nebenfrau der Verwandten seiner Chaluza heiraten.",
+ "Wenn jemand seiner Schwägerin die Chaliza erteilt und sein Bruder deren Schwester heiratet und stirbt: so muss sie die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten. Wenn sich jedoch jemand von seiner Frau scheidet und sein Bruder deren Schwester heiratet und stirbt: so ist diese frei von der Chaliza und der Leviratsehe.",
+ "Wenn, während eine Frau auf die Leviratsehe wartet, ein Bruder (des Levir) deren Schwester sich angetraut hat, so lehrt R. Jehuda ben Bethera: man sagt zu ihm: „Warte, bis Dein älterer Bruder eine Handlung vollzogen hat!“ Wenn der Bruder ihr die Chaliza erteilt oder an ihr die Leviratsehe vollzogen hat, darf jener seine Frau ehelichen. Ist die Schwägerin gestorben, so darf er seine Frau ehelichen. Ist der Levir gestorben, so muss er seine Frau durch Scheidebrief entlassen und der Frau seines Bruders die Chaliza erteilen.",
+ "Die (zur Leviratsehe verpflichtete) Schwägerin soll nicht die Chaliza vollziehen oder den Levir heiraten, bevor drei Monate vorüber sind; desgleichen sollen alle andren Frauen sich nicht wieder verloben oder verheiraten, bevor drei Monate vorüber sind, sei es, dass sie noch Jungfrauen sind, sei es, dass man ihnen schon beigewohnt hat, seien sie geschieden oder verwitwet, seien sie verheiratet oder (nur) verlobt. R. Jehuda sagt: die bereits verheiratet Gewesenen dürfen sich (sogleich) wieder verloben und die Verlobten (sogleich) verheiraten, ausser den Verlobten in Judäa, weil er (der Bräutigam) hier mit ihr (der Braut) mehr vertraut ist. R. Jose sagt: alle Frauen dürfen sich (sogleich) wieder verloben, ausser der Witwe, weil sie Trauer hat.",
+ "Wenn vier von mehreren Brüdern mit vier Frauen verheiratet sind und sterben, so darf der Älteste von ihnen, wenn er will, an allen die Leviratsehe vollziehen. Wenn jemand zwei Frauen hat und stirbt, so macht die (Levirats-) Ehe oder die Chaliza der einen ihre Nebenfrau frei. Ist die eine (zur Priesterehe) geeignet und die andre ungeeignet, so muss er (der Levir), wenn er die Chaliza erteilt, diese der Ungeeigneten erteilen; will er jedoch die Leviratsehe vollziehen, so darf er auch die (zur Priesterehe) Geeignete ehelichen.",
+ "Wenn jemand seine Geschiedene wieder heiratet, oder seine Chaluza oder die Blutsverwandte seiner Chaluza ehelicht, so muss er sie entlassen, und das Kind ist ein Bastard: dies die Worte des R. Akiba. Die Weisen aber sagen: Das Kind ist kein Bastard. Sie stimmen jedoch darin überein, dass, wenn jemand die Blutsverwandte seiner Geschiedenen heiratet, das Kind ein Bastard ist.",
+ "Wer ist ein Bastard? Jeder, der aus irgend einer fleischlichen Vermischung abstammt, die durch Gesetz verboten ist; dies die Worte des R. Akiba. Simon der Temanite sagt: nur aus solcher, auf die die Strafe der göttlichen Ausrottung gesetzt ist; und die Halacha entscheidet nach seinen Worten. R. Josua sagt: nur aus solcher, auf die eine gerichtliche Todesstrafe gesetzt ist. Darauf sagte R. Simon, Sohn Asai’s: ich fand ein Geschlechtsregister in Jerusalem, in dem geschrieben stand: „N. N. ist ein Bastard, von einer (unzüchtigen) verehelichten Frau (geboren)“, sodass dies die Worte des R. Josua bestätigt . Wenn (einem Manne) seine Frau stirbt, darf er ihre Schwester heiraten; wenn er sich von ihr geschieden und sie stirbt, darf er ihre Schwester heiraten; wenn sie einen Andren geheiratet und stirbt, darf er deren Schwester heiraten. Wenn seine (ihm zur Leviratsehe verpflichtete) Schwägerin stirbt, darf er ihre Schwester heiraten; wenn er ihr die Chaliza erteilt und sie stirbt, darf er deren Schwester heiraten. (Wenn sie einen Andren geheiratet und stirbt, darf er ihre Schwester heiraten)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabban Gamliel sagt: ein Scheidebrief nach einem andren (bereits erteilten) hat keine Giltigkeit, ebensowenig eine „Heirats - Ansprache“ nach einer andren, eine Beiwohnung nach einer andren, eine Chaliza nach einer andren. Die Weisen aber sagen: es hat wohl Giltigkeit ein Scheidebrief nach einem andren und eine „Heirats-Ansprache“ nach einer andren, aber nichts (hat Giltigkeit) nach einer (erfolgten) Beiwohnung oder einer Chaliza.",
+ "Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn er (der Levir) an seine Schwägerin die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten und ihr dann einen Scheidebrief gegeben, so muss er ihr noch die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten und ihr dann die Chaliza erteilt, so muss er ihr noch einen Scheidebrief geben. Hat er die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten und ihr dann beigewohnt, so ist dies nach der Vorschrift (gehandelt)..",
+ "Wenn er ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben und dann die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten, so bedarf sie noch eines Scheidebriefes und der Chaliza. Hat er ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben und ihr dann beigewohnt, so bedarf sie noch eines Scheidebriefes und der Chaliza. Hat er ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben und dann die Chaliza erteilt, so hat nach dieser Chaliza nichts mehr Giltigkeit. Wenn er ihr die Chaliza erteilt und dann die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder ihr beigewohnt hat, oder wenn er ihr beigewohnt und dann die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder ihr die Chaliza erteilt hat, so hat nach der Chaliza nichts mehr Giltigkeit, gleichviel, ob dies bei einer Schwägerin und einem Schwager, oder bei zwei Schwägerinnen und einem Schwager vorkommt.",
+ "Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Wenn er (der Levir) an jede (Schwägerin) die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten, so muss er ihnen zwei Scheidebriefe geben und der einen die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er an eine die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten und der andren einen Scheidebrief gegeben, so muss er (jener) einen Scheidebrief geben und (einer von beiden) die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er an eine die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten und der andren beigewohnt, so muss er ihnen zwei Scheidebriefe geben und der einen die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er an eine die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten und der andren die Chaliza erteilt, so muss er der ersteren einen Scheidebrief geben Hat er jeder einen Scheidebrief gegeben, so muss er einer von ihnen die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er der einen einen Scheidebrief gegeben und der andren beigewohnt, so muss er dieser einen Scheidebrief geben und die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er der einen Scheidebrief gegeben und an die andre die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten, so muss er (dieser) einen Scheidebrief geben und (einer von beiden) die Chaliza erteilen. Hat er der einen Scheidebrief gegeben und der andren die Chaliza erteilt, so hat nach dieser Chaliza nichts mehr Giltigkeit.",
+ "Wenn er (der Levir) der einen und dann auch der andren die Chaliza erteilt hat, oder wenn er der einen die Chaliza erteilt und an die andre die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder ihr beigewohnt hat, oder wenn er der einen und dann auch der andren beigewohnt hat, oder wenn er der einen beigewohnt und an die andre die „Heirats-Ansprache“ gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder die Chaliza erteilt hat: so hat nach der Chaliza nichts mehr Giltigkeit; gleichviel, ob dies bei einem Schwager und zwei Schwägerinnen oder zwei Schwägern und einer Schwägerin vorkommt.",
+ "Wenn er ihr die Chaliza erteilt und dann die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder ihr beigewohnt hat, oder wenn er ihr; beigewohnt und dann die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief gegeben oder ihr die Chaliza erteilt hat, so hat nach der Chaliza nichts mehr Giltigkeit, gleichviel, ob diese zu Anfang oder in der Mitte oder am Ende stattgefunden; was jedoch die Beiwohnung betrifft, so hat, wenn diese zu Anfang stattgefunden, nach ihr nichts mehr Giltigkeit, wenn sie aber in der Mitte oder am Ende stattgefunden, wohl noch etwas Giltigkeit. R. Nehemia sagt: sowohl wenn die Beiwohnung als auch wenn die Chaliza zu Anfang oder in der Mitte oder am Ende stattgefunden, hat nachher nichts mehr Giltigkeit."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wer seiner Schwägerin beiwohnt, sei es aus Versehen oder aus Mutwillen, sei es gezwungen oder freiwillig, selbst wenn er aus Versehen und sie aus Mutwillen, er aus Mutwillen und sie aus Versehen, er gezwungen und sie nicht gezwungen, sie gezwungen und er nicht gezwungen handelt, gleichviel ob er sie dabei nur entblösst oder die Beiwohnung vollendet — erwirbt sie als Gattin; auch macht hierbei die Art der Beiwohnung keinen Unterschied.",
+ "Desgleichen: wer einer von den in der Thora wegen Blutsverwandtschaft (zur Ehe) verbotenen oder den (zur Ehe) ungeeigneten Frauen beiwohnt, wie es eine Witwe für einen Hohenpriester, eine Geschiedene und eine Chaluza für einen gemeinen Priester, ein weiblicher Bastard und eine Nethina für einen Israeliten, die Tochter eines Israeliten für einen Bastard und einen Nathin ist — macht sie hierdurch (zu gewissen Dingen) untauglich; auch macht hierbei die Art der Beiwohnung keinen Unterschied.",
+ "Eine Witwe, die mit einem Hohenpriester, eine Geschiedene und eine Chaluza, die mit einem gemeinen Priester verlobt sind, dürfen keine Hebe geniessen. R. Elieser und R. Simon erklären sie (hierzu) für geeignet. Wurden sie nach der Verehelichung verwitwet oder geschieden, so sind sie hierzu ungeeignet; wurden sie es nach der Verlobung, so sind sie hierzu geeignet.",
+ "Ein Hoherpriester darf keine Witwe heiraten, sei sie nach der Verlobung oder nach der Verehelichung Witwe geworden. Auch darf er keine Mannbare heiraten; R. Elieser und R. Simon erklären eine Mannbare für geeignet. Auch darf er keine Verletzte heiraten. Hatte er sich mit einer Witwe verlobt und wurde erst dann zum Hohenpriester ernannt, so darf er sie heimführen. So geschah es auch, dass Josua, Sohn Gamlas, der sich die Martha, Tochter des Boëthos, angetraut hatte, diese heimführte, nachdem der König ihn zum Hohenpriester ernannte. Wenn eine auf die Leviratsehe wartende Frau einem gemeinen Priester zufällt und dieser zum Hohenpriester ernannt wird, so darf er sie nicht ehelichen, wenn er auch die „Heirate-Ansprache“ an sie gehalten. Ein Hoherpriester, dessen Bruder gestorben ist, muss (seiner Schwägerin) die Chaliza erteilen, darf aber nicht die Leviratsehe vollziehen.",
+ "Ein gemeiner Priester darf keine zum Gebären Unfähige heiraten, es sei denn, dass er bereits eine Frau oder Kinder hat. R. Jehuda sagt: auch wenn er bereits eine Frau oder Kinder hat, darf er eine zum Gebären Unfähige nicht heiraten, denn diese ist in der Thora (Lev. 21, 7) unter der „Unzüchtigen“ verstanden. Die Weisen aber sagen: „Unzüchtige“ heisst nur eine Proselytin, eine Freigelassene und eine solche, mit der man Unzucht getrieben hat.",
+ "Es soll sich niemand der Fortpflanzung enthalten, es sei denn, dass er bereits Kinder hat, und zwar sagt Bet-Schammai: zwei Söhne, Bet-Hillel aber: einen Sohn und eine Tochter, denn es heisst (Gen. 5,2): „Männlich und weiblich schuf er sie.“ Hat jemand eine Frau geheiratet und mit ihr zehn Jahre gelebt (und gewartet), ohne dass sie geboren, so darf er sich nicht länger (jener Pflicht) entziehen. Hat er sich von ihr geschieden, so darf sie einen Andren heiraten, und der zweite Gatte darf wiederum zehn Jahre mit ihr leben (und warten); hat sie abortiert, so zählt man [diese] von dem Momente an, da sie abortiert. Dem Manne ist die Fortpflanzung zur Pflichtgemacht, aber nicht der Frau. R. Jochanan, Sohn Beroka’s, sagt: von beiden heisst es (Gen. 1,28): „Gott segnete sie; und Gott sprach zu ihnen: seid fruchtbar und vermehret euch!“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn eine Witwe einem Hohenpriester, eine Geschiedene oder eine Chaluza einem gemeinen Priester Sklaven des Niessbrauchs und Sklaven des eisernen Fonds eingebracht hat, so dürfen die Sklaven des Niessbrauchs keine Hebe geniessen, die Sklaven des eisernen Fonds aber dürfen sie geniessen. Sklaven des Niessbrauchs sind solche, die, wenn sie sterben, ihr (zu ihrem Schaden) sterben, und wenn sie [an Wert] zunehmen, ihr (zu ihrem Nutzen) zunehmen; obgleich er (der Mann) verpflichtet ist sie zu ernähren, dürfen sie dennoch keine Hebe geniessen. Sklaven des eisernen Fonds sind solche, die, wenn sie sterben, ihm (zu seinem Schaden) sterben, und wenn sie [an Wert] zunehmen, ihm (zu seinem Nutzen) zunehmen; da er für sie haften muss, so dürfen sie Hebe geniessen.",
+ "Wenn die Tochter eines Israeliten einen Priester heiratet und ihm Sklaven einbringt, so dürfen sowohl die Sklaven des Niessbrauchs als auch die Sklaven des eisernen Fonds Hebe geniessen. Wenn die Tochter eines Priesters einen Israeliten heiratet und ihm Sklaven des Niessbrauchs oder Sklaven des eisernen Fonds einbringt, so dürfen sie keine Hebe geniessen.",
+ "Wenn die Tochter eines Israeliten einen Priester heiratet und dieser stirbt und sie schwanger hinterlässt, so dürfen ihre Sklaven keine Hebe geniessen wegen des Anteils des Fötus; denn der Fötus kann zum Genusse der Hebe ungeeignet machen, aber nicht berechtigen. Dies sind die Worte des R. Jose. Da sagten sie (die Weisen) zu ihm: Wenn Du uns dies von der Tochter eines Israeliten behauptest, die einen Priester geheiratet, dann dürften ja auch die Sklaven einer Priestertochter, die einen Priester geheiratet, der dann gestorben ist und sie schwanger hinterlassen, keine Hebe geniessen wegen des Anteils des Fötus!",
+ "Der Fötus, der Levir, die Verlobung, der Taubstumme, der Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, machen [zum Genusse der Hebe] ungeeignet, berechtigen aber nicht [dazu], sei es auch zweifelhaft, ob er (der Knabe) neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist oder nicht, oder ob er zwei Haare hervorgebracht hat oder nicht. Ist ein Haus über einem Manne und der Tochter seines Bruders zusammengestürzt und es ist unbekannt, wer von ihnen zuerst gestorben ist, so muss deren Nebenfrau die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "Wenn jemand eine Frau vergewaltigt oder verführt oder wenn ein Schwachsinniger einer Frau beiwohnt, so machen sie diese [zum Genusse der Hebe] weder ungeeignet noch berechtigen sie dazu; sind es aber Personen, die nicht in [die Gemeinde] Israel kommen dürfen, so machen sie sie ungeeignet. Wie [ist dies zu verstehen]? Wenn ein Israelit einer Priestertochter beiwohnt, so darf sie Hebe geniessen; wird sie schwanger, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen; ist der Fötus in ihrem Innern zerstückelt, so darf sie sie geniessen. Wenn ein Priester der Tochter eines Israeliten beiwohnt, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen; wird sie schwanger, so darf sie sie nicht geniessen; hat sie geboren, so darf sie sie geniessen. Es zeigt sich [demnach] der Einfluss des Sohnes grösser als der des Vaters. Der Sklave macht [die Frau] ungeeignet infolge der Beiwohnung, aber nicht als Nachkomme. Wie [ist dies zu verstehen]? Wenn die Tochter eines Israeliten mit einem Priester, oder eine Priestertochter mit einem Israeliten [verheiratet ist] und von ihm einen Sohn gebiert, der Sohn dann einer Sklavin beiwohnt, und diese von ihm einen Sohn gebiert, so ist dieser ein Sklave. War nun die Mutter seines Vaters die Tochter eines Israeliten, die mit einem Priester verheiratet gewesen, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen; war sie aber eine Priestertochter, die mit einem Israeliten verheiratet gewesen, so darf sie Hebe geniessen. Ein Bastard kann [zum Genusse der Hebe] unfähig machen und auch dazu berechtigen. Wie [ist dies zu verstehen]? Wenn die Tochter eines Israeliten mit einem Priester, oder eine Priestertochter mit einem Israeliten [verheiratet ist] und sie von ihm eine Tochter gebiert, die Tochter dann einen Sklaven oder einen Heiden ehelicht und von ihm einen Sohn gebiert, so ist dieser ein Bastard. War nun die Mutter seiner Mutter die Tochter eines Israeliten, die mit einem Priester verheiratet gewesen, so darf sie Hebe geniessen; war sie eine Priestertochter, die mit einem Israeliten verheiratet gewesen, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen.",
+ "Der Hohepriester kann unter Umständen [zum Genusse der Hebe] ungeeignet machen. Wie [ist dies zu verstehen]? Wenn eine Priestertochter mit einem Israeliten verheiratet ist und von ihm eine Tochter gebiert, diese Tochter dann einen Priester ehelicht und von ihm einen Sohn gebiert, so ist dieser geeignet, Hoherpriester zu werden und den Dienst auf dem Altar zu verrichten, er berechtigt seine Mutter [zum Genusse der Hebe], macht aber seine Grossmutter hierzu ungeeignet; diese (letztere) kann also sagen: [Mögen] nicht Viele [sein] wie mein Enkel, der Hohepriester, der mich zum Genusse der Hebe ungeeignet macht!"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Der Unbeschnittene und alle Unreinen dürfen keine Hebe geniessen; ihre Frauen und ihre Sklaven dürfen Hebe geniessen. Ein durch Druck Verstümmelter [Priester] und ein am Glied Verschnittener dürfen [Hebe] geniessen, ebenso ihre Sklaven; ihre Frauen aber dürfen sie nicht geniessen. Hat er ihr jedoch nicht beigewohnt, nachdem er durch Druck verstümmelt oder am Glied verschnitten worden, so dürfen jene [Frauen Hebe] geniessen.",
+ "Wer heisst ein durch Druck Verstümmelter? Derjenige, dem die Hoden verstümmelt sind, und sei es auch nur eine von diesen. [Wer heisst] ein am Glied Verschnittener? Derjenige, dem das Glied abgeschnitten ist; wenn aber von der Eichel auch nur ein Haar breit übrig geblieben ist, so ist er [zur Ehe] geeignet. Ein durch Druck Verstümmelter und ein am Glied Verschnittener dürfen eine Proselytin und eine Freigelassene heiraten, sie dürfen nur nicht in die Gemeinde [Gottes] kommen, denn es heisst (Deut. 23,2): „Der durch Druck Verstümmelte und der am Glied Verschnittene darf nicht in die Gemeinde des Ewigen kommen.”",
+ "Der Ammoniter und der Moabiter sind [zur Ehe] verboten, und dieses Verbot gilt für alle Zeiten; ihre weiblichen Nachkommen aber sind sofort erlaubt. Der Ägypter und der Edomiter sind nur bis zum dritten Geschlechte [zur Ehe] verboten, sowohl die männlichen als die weiblichen. R. Simon erlaubt die weiblichen sofort. Es sagte [nämlich] R. Simon: Dieses kann man durch einen „Schluss vom Leichtern auf das Schwerere“ folgern: Wenn nämlich dort, wo die männlichen [Nachkommen] für immer verboten sind, die weiblichen sofort erlaubt sind, müssen wir nicht dort, wo die männlichen nur bis zum dritten Geschlechte verboten sind, die weiblichen gewiss sofort erlauben! Darauf sagten sie (die Weisen) zu ihm: Wenn dies ein überliefertes Gesetz ist, so nehmen wir es an; ist es aber nur eine Schlussfolgerung, so giebt es dagegen einen Einwand. Da sagte er zu ihnen: Nicht doch, ein überliefertes Gesetz spreche ich aus. Die Bastarde und die Nethinim sind [zur Ehe] verboten, und dieses Verbot gilt für alle Zeiten, sowohl für die männlichen als für die weiblichen [Nachkommen].",
+ "R. Josua sagte: Ich habe vernommen, dass [zuweilen] der Verschnittene Chaliza erteilen und man seiner Frau Chaliza erteilen muss, sowie dass [zuweilen] der Verschnittene Chaliza nicht zu erteilen und man seiner Frau Chaliza nicht zu erteilen braucht, und ich kann mir dies nicht erklären. Darauf sagte R. Akiba: Ich will es erklären: Der von Menschenhand Verschnittene muss Chaliza erteilen und dessen Frau muss man Chaliza erteilen, weil es für ihn eine Zeit des normalen Zustandes gab; der von Natur Verstümmelte braucht nicht Chaliza zu erteilen, noch braucht man seiner Frau Chaliza zu erteilen, weil es für ihn keine Zeit des normalen Zustandes gab. R. Elieser sagte: Nicht so; sondern der von Natur Verstümmelte muss Chaliza erteilen und seiner Frau muss man Chaliza erteilen, weil es für ihn eine Heilung giebt, der von Menschenhand Verschnittene aber braucht nicht Chaliza zu erteilen, noch braucht man seiner Frau Chaliza zu erteilen, weil es für ihn keine Heilung giebt. Es bezeugte R. Josua ben Bethera, dass man an der Frau des ben Megusath, der in Jerusalem lebte und ein von Menschenhand Verschnittener war, die Leviratsehe vollzog, sodass dies die Worte des R. Akiba bestätigt.",
+ "Der [von Natur] Verstümmelte braucht nicht Chaliza zu erteilen und darf die Leviratsehe nicht vollziehen; ebenso braucht die Unfruchtbare nicht die Chaliza zu vollziehen, noch darf sie den Levir heiraten. Der Verschnittene, der seiner Schwägerin Chaliza erteilt, macht sie dadurch nicht ungeeignet [zur Priesterehe]; hat er ihr aber beigewohnt, so macht er sie [hierzu] ungeeignet, weil dies eine unzüchtige Beiwohnung ist. Desgleichen machen die Brüder eine Unfruchtbare, der sie Chaliza erteilen, nicht ungeeignet [zur Priesterehe]; haben sie ihr aber beigewohnt, so machen sie sie ungeeignet, weil ihre Beiwohnung Unzucht ist.",
+ "Ein von Natur verstümmelter Priester, der die Tochter eines Israeliten heiratet, macht sie [hierdurch] zum Genusse der Hebe geeignet. R. Jose und R Simon sagen: ein priesterlicher Zwitter, der die Tochter eines Israeliten heiratet, macht sie [hierdurch] zum Genusse der Hebe geeignet. R. Juda sagt: ein Geschlechtsloser, der [an den Geschlechtsteilen] aufgerissen wurde und sich als Mann erwies, braucht nicht Chaliza zu erteilen, weil er einem Verschnittenen gleicht. Der Zwitter darf [eine Frau] ehelichen, aber nicht [als solche] geehelicht werden. R. Elieser sagt: Wegen [der Beiwohnung] eines Zwitters ist man wie wegen der eines Mannes des Steinigungstodes schuldig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Es gibt Frauen, die ihren Gatten [zur Ehe] erlaubt, aber ihren Schwägern verboten sind, Frauen, die ihren Schwägern erlaubt, aber ihren Gatten verboten sind, Frauen, die beiden erlaubt und Frauen, die beiden verboten sind. Folgende sind ihren Gatten erlaubt und ihren Schwägern verboten: Wenn ein gemeiner Priester eine Witwe heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der Hohepriester ist; wenn ein Entweihter eine [zum Priesterstande] Geeignete heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der [zum Priesterstande] geeignet ist; wenn ein Israelit die Tochter eines Israeliten heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Bastard ist; wenn ein Bastard einen weiblichen Bastard heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Israelit ist — so sind die Frauen ihren Gatten erlaubt, aber ihren Schwägern verboten.",
+ "Folgende sind ihren Schwägern erlaubt, aber ihren Gatten verboten: Wenn ein Hohepriester eine Witwe sich antraut und er einen Bruder hat, der ein gemeiner Priester ist; wenn ein [zum Priesterstande] Geeigneter eine Entweihte heiratet und er einen entweihten Bruder hat; wenn ein Israelit einen weiblichen Bastard heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Bastard ist; wenn ein Bastard die Tochter eines Israeliten heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Israelit ist — so sind die Frauen ihren Schwägern erlaubt, aber ihren Gatten verboten. [Folgende sind] beiden verboten: Wenn ein Hohepriester eine Witwe heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der Hohepriester oder gemeiner Priester ist; wenn ein [zum Priesterstande] geeigneter Priester eine Entweihte heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der [zum Priesterstande] geeignet ist; wenn ein Israelit einen weiblichen Bastard heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Israelit ist; wenn ein Bastard die Tochter eines Israeliten heiratet und er einen Bruder hat, der ein Bastard ist — so sind die Frauen beiden verboten; alle andren Frauen sind ihren Gatten und ihren Schwägern erlaubt.",
+ "Von den zweiten Verwandtschaftsgraden, [die] nach der Bestimmung der Schriftgelehrten [zur Ehe verboten sind, gilt Folgendes]: Ist eine Frau im zweiten Grade mit dem Gatten, aber nicht mit dem Schwager verwandt, so ist sie dem Gatten [zur Ehe] verboten, dem Schwager aber erlaubt. Ist sie im zweiten Grade mit dem Schwager, aber nicht mit dem Gatten verwandt, so ist sie dem Schwager [zur Ehe] verboten, dem Gatten aber erlaubt. Ist sie mit beiden im zweiten Grade verwandt, so ist sie beiden [zur Ehe] verboten, sie hat weder Anspruch auf die Ketuba, noch auf die Früchte, noch auf Verpflegung, noch auf [Ersatz für] die Abnutzung, das Kind ist [zum Priesterstande] geeignet, aber man zwingt ihn, sich von ihr zu scheiden. Ist eine Witwe an einen Hohenpriester, eine Geschiedene oder eine Chaluza an einen gemeinen Priester, ein weiblicher Bastard oder eine Nethina an einen Israeliten, die Tochter eines Israeliten an einen Nathin oder an einen Bastard verheiratet: so haben sie (die Frauen) Anspruch auf die Ketuba.",
+ "Diew Tochter eines Israeliten, die mit einem Priester verlobt oder von einem Priester schwanger ist oder auf die Leviratsehe seitens eines Priesters wartet, ebenso die Tochter eines Priesters [in den gleichen Verhältnissen] zu einem Israeliten, darf keine Hebe geniessen. Die Tochter eines Israeliten, die mit einem Leviten verlobt oder von einem Leviten schwanger ist oder auf die Leviratsehe seitens eines Leviten wartet, ebenso die Tochter eines Leviten [in den gleichen Verhältnissen] zu einem Israeliten darf keinen Zehnt geniessen. Die Tochter eines Leviten, die mit einem Priester verlobt oder von einem Priester schwanger ist oder auf die Leviratsehe seitens eines Priesters wartet, ebenso die Tochter eines Priesters [in den gleichen Verhältnissen] zu einem Leviten darf weder Hebe noch Zehnt geniessen.",
+ "Die Tochter eines Israeliten, die an einen Priester verheiratet ist, darf Hebe geniessen. Ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie Hebe geniessen. Ist sie an einen Leviten verheiratet, so darf sie Zehnt geniessen; ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie Zehnt geniessen. Ist sie [dann] an einen Israeliten verheiratet, so darf sie weder Hebe noch Zehnt geniessen; ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie weder Hebe noch Zehnt geniessen; ist ihr Kind von dem Israeliten gestorben, so darf sie [wieder] Zehnt geniessen; ist ihr Kind vom Leviten gestorben, so darf sie [wieder] Hebe geniessen; ist ihr Sohn vom Priester gestorben, so darf sie weder Hebe noch Zehnt geniessen.",
+ "Die Tochter eines Priesters, die an einen Israeliten verheiratet ist, darf keine Hebe geniessen; ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen. Ist sie an einen Leviten verheiratet, so darf sie Zehnt geniessen; ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie Zehnt geniessen. Ist sie an einen Priester verheiratet, so darf sie Hebe geniessen; ist er gestorben und hat sie von ihm ein Kind, so darf sie Hebe geniessen. Ist ihr Kind von dem Priester gestorben, so darf sie Hebe nicht geniessen; ist ihr Kind von dem Leviten gestorben, so darf sie Zehnt nicht geniessen; ist ihr Kind von dem Israeliten gestorben, so darf sie in ihr Vaterhaus zurückkehren, und von dieser heisst es (Lev. 22, 13): „Sie darf zurückkehren in das Haus ihres Vaters, wie in ihrer Jugend, von dem Brote ihres Vaters darf sie essen.“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man einer Frau, deren Gatte nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist, meldet: „Dein Gatte ist gestorben,“ und sie sich verheiratet und dann ihr [erster] Gatte zurückkommt, so muss sie von diesem wie von jenem getrennt werden und von diesem wie von jenem einen Scheidebrief empfangen, sie hat weder Anspruch auf die Ketuba, noch auf die Früchte, noch auf Verpflegung, noch auf [Ersatz für] die Abnutzung weder bei diesem noch bei jenem [Gatten]; hat sie von dem einen oder dem andren etwas entnommen, so muss sie es zurückerstatten; das Kind von dem einen wie von dem andren ist ein Bastard; beide [Gatten] dürfen sich an ihr nicht verunreinigen, und beide haben kein Anrecht an ihrem Funde noch an ihrem Erwerbe, noch das Recht ihre Gelübde zu lösen. Ist sie die Tochter eines Israeliten, so wird sie [dadurch] zur Priesterehe ungeeignet; ist sie die Tochter eines Leviten, so darf sie keinen Zehnt, ist sie die Tochter eines Priesters, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen; weder die Erben des einen, noch die Erben des andren erben ihre Ketuba; wenn sie (die Gatten) gestorben sind, so müssen die Brüder des einen wie die Brüder des andren Chaliza erteilen, dürfen aber nicht die Leviratsehe vollziehen. R. Jose sagt: ihre Ketuba ist zu Lasten des Vermögens ihres ersten Gatten. R. Elasar sagt: Der erste hat das Anrecht an ihrem Funde, an ihrem Erwerbe sowie das Recht ihre Gelübde aufzulösen. R. Simon sagt: Die Beiwohnung oder die Erteilung der Chaliza seitens eines Bruders des ersten befreit ihre Nebenfrau, und das Kind von ihm ist kein Bastard. Hat sie sich verheiratet, ohne [dass] Erlaubnis des Gerichtes [nötig gewesen wäre], so darf sie zu ihm wieder zurückkehren.",
+ "Hat sie sich auf die Entscheidung des Gerichtes hin wieder verheiratet, so muss sie geschieden werden und ist frei vom Opfer; [geschah es] nicht auf die Entscheidung des Gerichtes hin, so muss sie geschieden werden und ein Opfer bringen. Die Kraft des Gerichtes hat [also] den Vorzug, denn sie befreit vom Opfer. Hat das Gericht entschieden, dass sie sich wieder verheiraten darf und sie schliesst eine verbotene Ehe, so muss sie [dennoch] ein Opfer bringen, denn jenes hat ihr nur erlaubt, sich wieder zu verheiraten.",
+ "Wenn man einer Frau, deren Gatte und Sohn nach einem fernen Lande gingen, gemeldet hat: „Dein Gatte ist gestorben und später ist Dein Sohn gestorben,“ und sie sich wieder verheiratet, man ihr aber später meldet, es sei umgekehrt gewesen, so muss sie geschieden werden, und sowohl das frühere wie das spätere Kind sind Bastarde. Wenn man ihr gemeldet hat: „Dein Sohn ist gestorben und später ist Dein Gatte gestorben“, und sie ihren Schwager heiratet, man ihr aber später meldet, es sei umgekehrt gewesen, so muss sie geschieden werden, und sowohl das frühere als das spätere Kind sind Bastarde. Wenn man ihr gemeldet hat: „Dein Gatte ist gestorben,“ und sie sich wieder verheiratet, man ihr aber später meldet: „er war [damals noch] am Leben, ist aber dann gestorben,“ so muss sie geschieden werden, und das frühere Kind ist ein Bastard, das spätere aber ist kein Bastard. Wenn man ihr gemeldet hat: „Dein Gatte ist gestorben,“ und sie [nur] getraut wurde, später aber ihr Gatte heimkehrt, so darf sie zu ihm zurückkehren; auch wenn ihr der [Gatte] einen Scheidebrief gegeben hat, macht er sie zur Priesterehe nicht ungeeignet. Dieses folgerte R. Elasar, Sohn Matja’s, [also]: „und eine Frau, geschieden von ihrem Gatten…“ (Lev. 21,7), aber nicht von einem Manne, der nicht ihr Gatte ist.",
+ "Wenn man einem Manne, dessen Gattin nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist, gemeldet hat: „Deine Gattin ist gestorben,“ und er dann deren Schwester heiratet, später aber seine Gattin heimkehrt, so darf sie zu ihm zurückkehren, er darf die Verwandten der zweiten [Frau] und die zweite darf seine Verwandten heiraten; ist die erste gestorben, so darf er die zweite heiraten. Wenn man ihm gemeldet hat: „Deine Gattin ist gestorben,“ er dann deren Schwester heiratet, man ihm aber später meldet: „sie war [damals noch] am Leben, ist aber dann gestorben,“ so ist das frühere Kind ein Bastard, das spätere aber ist kein Bastard. R. Jose sagt: wer für Andre [ihre Frau zur Ehe] ungeeignet macht, der macht [seine Frau] für sich ungeeignet; wer aber für Andre [ihre Frau] nicht ungeeignet macht, der macht auch [seine Frau] für sich nicht ungeeignet.",
+ "Meldet man jemand: „Deine Gattin ist gestorben,“ und er heiratet deren Schwester väterlicherseits, „sie ist gestorben,“ und er heiratet deren Schwester mütterlicherseits, „sie ist gestorben,“ und er heiratet deren Schwester väterlicherseits, „sie ist gestorben,“ und er heiratet deren Schwester mütterlicherseits, und dann findet sich, dass alle am Leben waren, so sind ihm die erste, die dritte und fünfte [als Gattin] erlaubt, und sie befreien ihre Nebenfrauen, die zweite und vierte aber sind ihm verboten, and die Beiwohnung einer von diesen befreit ihre Nebenfrau nicht. Hat er der zweiten erst nach dem Tode der ersten beigewohnt, so sind ihm die zweite und vierte [als Gattin] erlaubt, und sie befreien ihre Nebenfrauen, die dritte und fünfte aber sind verboten, und die Beiwohnung einer von diesen befreit ihre Nebenfrau nicht.",
+ "Ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, kann [seine Schwägerin] für seine Brüder [zur Ehe] ungeeignet machen, und die Brüder können [sie] für ihn ungeeignet machen, nur dass er sie blos zuerst ungeeignet machen kann, die Brüder aber sie zuerst und zuletzt ungeeignet machen können. Wie [ist dies zu verstehen]? Wenn ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, seiner Schwägerin beiwohnt, so macht er sie für die Brüder ungeeignet; wenn die Brüder ihr beiwohnen oder die „Heirats-Ansprache“ an sie halten oder ihr einen Scheidebrief geben oder die Chaliza erteilen, so machen sie sie für ihn ungeeignet.",
+ "Wenn ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, seiner Schwägerin beiwohnt und nachher sein Bruder ihr beiwohnt, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, so macht er sie für jenen [als Gattin] ungeeignet. R. Simon sagt: er macht sie nicht ungeeignet.",
+ "Wenn ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, seiner Schwägerin und nachher, deren Nebenfrau beiwohnt, so macht er sie [beide] für sich [zur Ehe] ungeeignet. R. Simon sagt: er macht sie nicht ungeeignet. Wenn ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, seiner Schwägerin beiwohnt und dann stirbt, so muss diese die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Schwager nicht heiraten. Hat er eine Frau geheiratet und ist dann gestorben, so ist diese frei.",
+ "Wenn ein Knabe, der neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist, seiner Schwägerin beiwohnt und nachdem er erwachsen ist, eine andre Frau heiratet und dann stirbt, so muss, wenn er der ersten nicht beigewohnt hat, nachdem er erwachsen war, die erste die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Schwager nicht heiraten, und die zweite darf die Chaliza vollziehen oder den Schwager heiraten. R. Simon sagt: er darf die Leviratsehe vollziehen, an welcher [von beiden] er will, und muss [dann] der andren die Chaliza erteilen. Es ist gleichviel, ob er neun Jahre und einen Tag alt ist oder ob er zwanzig Jahre alt ist, aber noch nicht zwei Haare hervorgebracht hat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Man darf die nahen Verwandten einer Frau heiraten, die man vergewaltigt oder verführt hat. Wer die nahen Verwandten seiner Ehefrau vergewaltigt oder verführt, ist schuldig. Man darf die von seinem Vater Vergewaltigte oder Verführte sowie die von seinem Sohne Vergewaltigte oder Verführte heiraten. R. Jehuda verbietet die vom Vater Vergewaltigte oder Verführte [dem Sohne zur Ehe].",
+ "Wenn mit einer Proselytin auch ihre Söhne [zum Judentum] übertreten, so erteilen diese nicht die Chaliza und vollziehen nicht die Leviratsehe, selbst wenn der erste empfangen wurde, als die Heiligkeit noch nicht auf ihr ruhte und empfangen wurde, als bereits die Heiligkeit auf ihr ruhte, der zweite aber empfangen und geboren wurde, als bereits die Heiligkeit auf ihr ruhte. Dasselbe ist der Fall, wenn mit einer Sklavin auch ihre Söhne freigelassen werden.",
+ "Wenn die Kinder von fünf Frauen vertauscht wurden, diese Vertauschten heranwachsen, Frauen heiraten und sterben: so müssen vier [von den überlebenden Söhnen] einer Frau die Chaliza erteilen, und der andre (der fünfte) darf dann an ihr die Leviratsehe vollziehen; sodann erteilt dieser nebst drei (überlebenden Söhnen] einer [andren] Frau die Chaliza, und der andre (der fünfte) darf dann an ihr die Leviratsehe vollziehen [u. s. w.]. Es ergiebt sich also, dass jede Frau viermal die Chaliza und dann erst die Leviratsehe vollzieht.",
+ "Wenn das Kind einer Frau mit dem Kinde ihrer Schwiegertochter vertauscht wurde, die Vertauschten heranwachsen, Frauen heiraten und sterben: so müssen die Söhne der Schwiegertochter die Chaliza erteilen, dürfen aber die Leviratsehe nicht vollziehen, weil es zweifelhaft ist, ob sie die Frau des Bruders oder die Frau des Vaterbruders ist; die Söhne der Grossmutter jedoch dürfen die Chaliza erteilen oder die Leviratsehe vollziehen, denn es ist [nur] zweifelhaft, ob sie die Frau des Bruders oder die Frau des Brudersohnes ist. Wenn aber die Unbezweifelten sterben, so müssen die Vertauschten den Witwen der Söhne der Grossmutter die Chaliza erteilen, dürfen aber an ihnen nicht die Leviratsehe vollziehen, weil es zweifelhaft ist, ob sie die Frau des Bruders oder die Frau des Vaterbruders ist; der Witwe jedoch des Sohnes der Schwiegertochter erteilt der eine (der Vertauschten) die Chaliza, und der andre darf sie dann heiraten.",
+ "Wenn das Kind einer Priestergattin mit dem ihrer Sklavin vertauscht wurde, so dürfen sie Hebe geniessen, erhalten [nur] gleichzeitig ihren Anteil in der Tenne, dürfen sich nicht an Toten verunreinigen und weder [zur Priesterehe] geeignete noch ungeeignete Frauen heiraten. Wenn die Vertauschten herangewachsen sind und sich gegenseitig freigelassen haben, so dürfen sie nur [zur Priesterehe] geeignete Frauen heiraten und sich an Toten nicht verunreinigen; haben sie sich jedoch verunreinigt, so erhalten sie die vierzig [Geisselhiebe] nicht; sie dürfen Hebe nicht geniessen, haben sie sie jedoch genossen, so brauchen sie den vollen Wert und das Fünftel nicht zu ersetzen; sie erhalten keinen Anteil in der Tenne; sie dürfen die Hebe verkaufen und den Erlös behalten; sie haben keinen Anteil an den Heiligtümern des Tempels, man übergiebt ihnen keine Heiligtümer und fordert die ihrigen von ihnen nicht heraus; sie sind frei [vom Abscheiden] von Vorderfuss, Kinnbacken und Magen; sein erstgeborenes [Tier] muss weiden, bis es einen Fehler bekommt, und man legt ihnen die Erschwerungen der Priester und die der Israeliten auf.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau nach [der Trennung von] ihrem Gatten nicht drei Monate gewartet, sondern geheiratet und geboren hat und man nicht weiss, ob es ein Neunmonatskind (aus der Ehe) des ersten oder ein Siebenmonatskind (aus der Ehe) des zweiten Gatten ist und sie noch Söhne vom ersten und vom zweiten Gatten hat: so müssen diese die Chaliza erteilen, dürfen aber die Leviratsehe nicht vollziehen; ebenso muss er ihnen die Chaliza erteilen, darf aber die Leviratsehe nicht vollziehen. Hat er Brüder von ihrem ersten und von ihrem zweiten Gatten, aber nicht von derselben Mutter, so darf er die Chaliza erteilen oder die Leviratsehe vollziehen, von jenen aber muss der eine die Chaliza erteilen und der andre darf dann die Leviratsehe vollziehen.",
+ "War der eine [dieser Gatten] ein Israelit, der andre ein Priester, so darf er nur eine [zur Priesterehe] geeignete Frau heiraten und sich an Toten nicht verunreinigen, hat er sich jedoch verunreinigt, so erhält er nicht die vierzig [Geisselhiebe]; er darf Hebe nicht geniessen, hat er sie jedoch genossen, so braucht er den vollen Wert und das Fünftel nicht zu ersetzen; er erhält keinen Anteil in der Tenne; er darf die Hebe verkaufen und den Erlös behalten, er hat keinen Anteil an den Heiligtümern des Tempels, man giebt ihm keine Heiligtümer und fordert die seinigen nicht von ihm heraus; er ist frei [vom Abscheiden] von Vorderfuss, Kinnbacken und Magen; sein erstgeborenes [Tier] muss weiden, bis es einen Fehler bekommt, und man legt ihm die Erschwerungen der Priester und die der Israeliten auf. Waren beide [Gatten] Priester, so muss er um sie und sie müssen um ihn trauern; er darf sich nicht an ihnen und sie dürfen sich nicht an ihm verunreinigen; er beerbt sie nicht, sie aber beerben ihn; er ist straffrei, wenn er den einen oder den andren schlägt oder ihm flucht; er zieht auf mit der [Wochen-] Abteilung des einen und des andren, erhält aber keinen Anteil [mit ihnen]; waren jedoch beide in einer [Wochen-] Abteilung, so erhält er einen einfachen Anteil."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Die Chaliza muss vor drei Richtern geschehen, auch wenn diese [sonst] Laien sind. Vollzieht sie die Chaliza mit einem Schuh, so ist die Chaliza giltig; mit einer Filzsocke, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig; mit einer Sandale, woran eine Sohle ist, so ist sie giltig; woran keine Sohle ist, so ist sie ungiltig; von dem Knie abwärts, so ist die Chaliza giltig, von dem Knie aufwärts, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig.",
+ "Vollzieht sie die Chaliza mit einer Sandale, die nicht ihm (dem Levir) gehört, oder mit einer Sandale aus Holz, oder mit einer des linken Fusses, [die aber] am rechten [sass], so ist die Chaliza giltig. Vollzieht sie die Chaliza mit einem zu grossen [Schuh], in dem er aber noch gehen kann, oder mit einem zu kleinen, der aber noch den grössten Teil seines Fusses bedeckt, so ist die Chaliza giltig. Vollzieht sie die Chaliza in der Nacht, so ist die Chaliza giltig, R. Elieser aber erklärt sie für ungiltig; an dem linken [Fass], so ist die Chaliza ungiltig, R. Elieser aber erklärt sie für giltig.",
+ "Wenn sie den Schuh ausgezogen und ausgespieen, aber nicht [die bestimmten Worte] ausgesprochen, so ist die Chaliza giltig. Wenn sie sie ausgesprochen und ausgespieen, aber nicht den Schuh ausgezogen, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig. Wenn sie den Schuh ausgezogen und [die Formel] ausgesprochen, aber den Schuh nicht ausgezogen, so sagt R. Elieser, die Chaliza ist ungiltig, R. Akiba aber sagt, die Chaliza ist giltig. Es sagte [nämlich] R. Elieser: [Es heisst Deut. 25, 9] „Also geschehe …“ Alles, was durch eine Handlung geschehen muss, verhindert [im Unterlassungsfall die Giltigkeit]. Darauf sagte R. Akiba zu ihm: Eben daher ist auch mein Beweis. [Es heisst dort:] „Also geschehe dem Manne ….“ Alles, was an dem Manne geschieht, [verhindert im Unterlassungsfall die Giltigkeit.].",
+ "Wenn an einem Taubstummen die Chaliza vollzogen wird, oder eine Taubstumme die Chaliza vollzieht, oder wenn die Jebama an einem Minderjährigen die Chaliza vollzieht, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig. Wenn eine Minderjährige die Chaliza vollzogen, so muss sie sie, wenn sie erwachsen ist, [nochmals] vollziehen; hat sie sie dann nicht vollzogen, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig.",
+ "Wenn sie [nur] vor Zweien die Chaliza vollzog, oder vor Dreien, von denen sich aber einer als verwandt oder [zum Richter] untauglich erwies, so ist die Chaliza ungiltig. R. Simon und R. Jochanan hassandlar erklären sie für giltig. Einst geschah es, dass Jemand seiner Schwägerin, während er mit ihr allein im Gefängnisse war, die Chaliza erteilte, und als die Sache vor R. Akiba kam, erklärte er sie für giltig.",
+ "Die Chaliza muss so geschehen: Er (der Levir) erscheint mit seiner Schwägerin vor Gericht. Sie (die Richter) erteilen ihm den Rat, der für ihn der geeignetste ist, denn es heisst (Deut. 25, 8): „Die Ältesten seiner Stadt sollen ihm zurufen und zureden.“ Sie spricht (v. 7): „Mein Schwager weigert sich, seinem Bruder einen Namen aufrecht zu erhalten in Israel, er will mich nicht heiraten.“ Er erwidert (v. 8): „Ich will sie nicht nehmen.“ In der heiligen Sprache sagten sie dies. Dann (v. 9) nähert sich ihm seine Schwägerin vor den Augen der Ältesten, zieht ihm seinen Schuh von seinem Fusse, speit vor ihm aus — und zwar soviel Speichel, dass er von den Richtern gesehen wird — hebt an und spricht: „Also geschehe dem Manne, der das Haus seines Bruders nicht bauen will.“ So weit las man [die Formel früher]. Als aber R. Hyrkanos unter der Eiche in Kefar Etam [die Formel] lesen und den ganzen Abschnitt vortragen liess, wurde bestimmt, dass man den ganzen Abschnitt vortrage. [Die Worte:] „Es soll sein Name in Israel genannt werden: das Haus des Entschuhten“ (v. 10) gelten als Vorschrift für die Richter, aber nicht für die Schüler. R. Jehuda sagt: Es ist Pflicht aller dort Anwesenden auszurufen: „Entschuhter, Entschuhter, Entschuhter.“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Bet-Schammai sagt: Es dürfen nur Verlobte die Weigerung erklären; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: Verlobte und Verheiratete. Bet-Schammai sagt: [nur] dem Gatten, aber nicht dem Levir; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: dem Gatten und dem Levir. Bet-Schammai sagt: [nur] in seiner Gegenwart; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: in seiner Gegenwart und in seiner Abwesenheit. Bet-Schammai sagt: [nur] vor Gericht; Bet-Hillel aber sagt: vor Gericht und ausser Gericht. Bet-Hillel sagte zu Bet-Schammai: sie darf, so lange sie minderjährig ist, auch vier oder fünf mal die Weigerung erklären. Darauf sagte Bet-Schammai zu ihm: die Töchter Israels sind [doch] nicht preisgegeben! Sie erklärt vielmehr die Weigerung und wartet, bis sie erwachsen ist, oder sie erklärt die Weigerung und heiratet [sogleich einen Andren].",
+ "Welche Minderjährige muss die Weigerung erklären? Diejenige, die ihre Mutter oder ihre Brüder mit ihrer Zustimmung verheiratet haben; haben sie sie ohne ihre Zustimmung verheiratet, so braucht sie die Weigerung nicht zu erklären. R. Chanina, Sohn des Antigonus, sagt: jedes Mädchen, das sein Trauungs-Objekt noch nicht aufzubewahren versteht, braucht die Weigerung nicht zu erklären. R. Elieser sagt: die Handlung einer Minderjährigen ist ungiltig; sie gilt nur als eine Verführte; ist sie die Tochter eines Israeliten und an einen Priester verheiratet, so darf sie keine Hebe geniessen; ist sie die Tochter eines Priesters und an einen Israeliten verheiratet, so darf sie Hebe geniessen.",
+ "R. Elieser, Sohn Jacobs, sagt: sobald das Verweilen [in der Ehe] des Mannes wegen geschah, gilt sie als seine [gewesene] Gattin; sobald aber das Verweilen nicht des Mannes wegen geschah, gilt sie nicht als seine [gewesene] Gattin.",
+ "Wenn [nämlich] eine [minderjährige] Frau dem Manne die Weigerung erklärt, so darf er ihre und sie seine Verwandten heiraten, und er macht sie zur Priesterehe nicht ungeeignet. Giebt er ihr jedoch einen Scheidebrief, so darf weder er ihre, noch sie seine Verwandten heiraten, und er macht sie zur Priesterehe ungeeignet. Wenn er ihr einen Scheidebrief giebt und sie [später] wiederheiratet, sie ihm dann die Weigerung erklärt und einen Andren heiratet und [schliesslich] verwitwet oder geschieden wird: so darf sie zu jenem zurückkehren. Wenn sie ihm jedoch die Weigerung erklärt und er sie wiederheiratet, er ihr dann einen Scheidebrief giebt und sie einen Andren heiratet und [schliesslich] verwitwet oder geschieden wird: so darf sie zu jenem nicht zurückkehren. Dies ist die Regel: erfolgt Scheidebrief nach einer Weigerung, so darf sie zu ihm nicht zurückkehren, erfolgt Weigerung nach einem Scheidebrief, so darf sie zu ihm zurückkehren.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau ihrem Manne die Weigerung erklärt, dann einen Andren heiratet, der sich von ihr scheidet, dann wieder einen Andren, dem sie die Weigerung erklärt, dann wieder einen Andren, der sich von ihr scheidet, (dann wieder einen Andren, dem sie die Weigerung erklärt,) so darf sie zu den Männern, von denen sie durch Scheidebrief getrennt wurde, nicht zurückkehren, zu denen aber, von denen sie durch Weigerungs-Erklärung getrennt wurde, darf sie wohl zurückkehren.",
+ "Wenn jemand sich von seiner Frau scheidet und sie dann wiederheiratet, so ist sie dem Levir [zur Ehe] erlaubt; R. Elieser aber verbietet sie. Desgleichen, wenn sich jemand von einer Waise scheidet und sie dann wiederheiratet, so ist sie dem Levir [zur Ehe] erlaubt; R. Elieser aber verbietet sie. Eine Minderjährige, die ihr Vater verheiratet hatte und die dann geschieden wurde, gilt als Waise beim Leben des Vaters; hat er (der Gatte) sie wieder geheiratet, so sagen alle [Weisen], dass sie dem Levir [zur Ehe] verboten ist.",
+ "Wenn zwei Brüder mit zwei verwaisten, unmündigen Schwestern verheiratet sind und der Gatte der einen stirbt, so ist sie frei als Schwester der Frau; desgleichen wenn beide [Frauen] taubstumm sind. Wenn die eine erwachsen und die andre minderjährig ist und der Gatte der Minderjährigen stirbt, so ist diese frei als Schwester der Frau; stirbt aber der Gatte der Erwachsenen, so sagt R. Elieser, man veranlasse die Minderjährige, ihm (ihrem Gatten) die Weigerung zu erklären. Rabban Gamliel sagt: wenn sie die Weigerung erklärt, so ist es gut, wenn aber nicht, so warte sie, bis sie erwachsen ist, dann ist jene (die Andre) frei als Schwester der Frau. R. Josua sagt: Wehe ihm wegen seiner Frau und wehe ihm wegen der Frau seines Bruders! Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief und die Frau seines Bruders durch Chaliza entlassen.",
+ "Wenn jemand mit zwei unmündigen Waisen verheiratet ist und stirbt, so befreit die Beiwohnung oder die Chaliza der einen ihre Nebenfrau; desgleichen bei zwei Taubstummen. Ist die eine minderjährig, die andre taubstumm, so befreit die Beiwohnung der einen ihre Nebenfrau nicht. Ist die eine vollsinnig, die andre taubstumm, so befreit wohl die Beiwohnung der Vollsinnigen die Taubstumme, aber die Beiwohnung der Taubstummen befreit die Vollsinnige nicht. Ist die eine erwachsen, die andre minderjährig, so befreit wohl die Beiwohnung der Erwachsenen die Minderjährige, aber die Beiwohnung der Minderjährigen befreit die Erwachsene nicht.",
+ "Wenn jemand mit zwei unmündigen Waisen verheiratet ist und stirbt und der Levir zunächst der einen und dann auch der andren beiwohnt, oder wenn dessen Bruder der zweiten beiwohnt, so macht er die erstere [zur Fortsetzung der Ehe] nicht ungeeignet; desgleichen bei zwei Taubstummen Ist die eine minderjährig und die andre taubstumm und der Levir wohnt zunächst der Minderjährigen und dann auch der Taubstummen bei, oder wenn dessen Bruder der Taubstummen beiwohnt, so macht er die Minderjährige nicht ungeeignet. Wohnt aber der Levir zunächst der Taubstummen bei und dann auch der Minderjährigen, oder wenn dessen Bruder der Minderjährigen beiwohnt, so macht er die Taubstumme ungeeignet.",
+ "Wenn die eine vollsinnig und die andre taubstumm ist und der Levir zunächst der Vollsinnigen und dann auch der Taubstummen beiwohnt, oder wenn dessen Bruder der Taubstummen beiwohnt, so macht er die Vollsinnige nicht ungeeignet. Wenn aber der Levir zunächst der Taubstummen und dann auch der Vollsinnigen beiwohnt, oder wenn dessen Bruder der Vollsinnigen beiwohnt, so macht er die Taubstummen ungeeignet.",
+ "Wenn die eine erwachsen und die andre minderjährig ist und der Levir zunächst der Erwachsenen und dann auch der Minderjährigen beiwohnt, so macht er die Erwachsene nicht ungeeignet. Wenn aber der Levir zunächst der Minderjährigen und dann auch der Erwachsenen beiwohnt, oder wenn dessen Bruder der Erwachsenen beiwohnt, so macht er die Minderjährige ungeeignet. R. Elasar sagt: man veranlasst die Minderjährige, ihm die Weigerung zu erklären.",
+ "Wenn ein minderjähriger Levir seiner minderjährigen Schwägerin beiwohnt, so müssen sie mit einander aufwachsen. Wohnt er seiner erwachsenen Schwägerin bei, so muss sie warten, bis er erwachsen ist. Wenn die Jebama binnen dreissig Tagen erklärt: „Er (der Levir) hat mir nicht beigewohnt, “ so zwingt man ihn, ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen. [Wenn sie dies] nach dreissig Tagen [erklärt], so ersucht man ihn nur, ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen. Wenn er es jedoch eingesteht, so zwingt man ihn, selbst nach zwölf Monaten, ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen.",
+ "Wenn sich eine Frau bei dem Leben ihres Gatten durch ein Gelübde den Genuss ihres Levir versagt, so zwingt man ihn. ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen; [tat sie es] nach dem Tode ihres Gatten, so ersucht man ihn nur, ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen. Hat sie aber nur dieses beabsichtigt, so kann man ihn, selbst wenn es beim Leben ihres Gatten geschah, [auch] nur ersuchen, ihr die Chaliza zu erteilen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn ein Taubstummer eine Vollsinnige oder ein Vollsinniger eine Taubstumme geheiratet hat, so kann er, wenn er will, sie entlassen, und wenn er will, sie behalten; wie er sie durch Zeichen heimführt, so entlässt er sie auch durch Zeichen. Wenn ein Vollsinniger eine Vollsinnige heiratet und diese dann taubstumm wird, so kann er, wenn er will, sie entlassen, und wenn er will, sie behalten; wird sie schwachsinnig, so darf er sie nicht entlassen. Wird er aber taubstumm oder schwachsinnig, so kann er sie nie entlassen. R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s, sagte: warum soll eine Frau, die taubstumm geworden, entlassen werden können, der Mann aber, der taubstumm geworden, nicht entlassen können? Da sagte man zu ihm: der Mann, der entlässt, ist nicht zu vergleichen mit der Frau, die entlassen wird; denn die Frau kann sowohl mit ihrer Einwilligung als auch gegen ihre Einwilligung entlassen werden, der Mann aber kann nur mit seinem [freien] Willen entlassen.",
+ "Es bezeugte R. Jochanan, Sohn Gudgeda’s, dass eine Taubstumme, die ihr Vater verheiratet hatte, durch einen Scheidebrief entlassen werden kann. Da sagte man zu ihm: auch mit dieser ist dies der Fall.",
+ "Wenn zwei taubstumme Brüder mit zwei taubstummen Schwestern oder mit zwei vollsinnigen Schwestern verheiratet sind, oder mit zwei Schwestern, von denen die eine taubstumm, die andre vollsinnig ist, oder wenn zwei taubstumme Schwestern mit zwei vollsinnigen Brüdern oder mit zwei taubstummen Brüdern verheiratet sind, oder mit zwei Brüdern, von denen der eine taubstumm, der andre vollsinnig ist, so sind sie frei von der Chaliza oder der Leviratsehe. Wenn sie (die Frauen) aber nicht mit einander verwandt sind, so müssen jene sie heiraten; wenn sie sie dann entlassen wollen, so können sie sie entlassen.",
+ "Wenn zwei Brüder, von denen der eine taubstumm, der andere vollsinnig ist, zwei vollsinnige Schwestern geheiratet haben und der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? [Nichts,] jene ist frei als Schwester seiner Frau. Wenn aber der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief entlassen, und die Frau seines Bruders ist ihm immer [zur Ehe] verboten.",
+ "Wenn zwei vollsinnige Brüder mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind, von denen die eine taubstumm, die andre vollsinnig ist, und der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Taubstummen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? [Nichts,] jene ist frei als Schwester seiner Frau. Wenn der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Taubstummen zu tun? Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief und die Frau seines Bruders durch [Erteilung der] Chaliza entlassen.",
+ "Wenn zwei Brüder, von denen der eine taubstumm, der andre vollsinnig ist, mit zwei Schwestern verheiratet sind, von denen die eine taubstumm, die andre vollsinnig ist, und der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Taubstummen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? [Nichts,] jene ist frei als Schwester seiner Frau. Wenn aber der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Taubstummen, zu tun? Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief entlassen, und die Frau seines Bruders ist ihm immer [zur Ehe] verboten.",
+ "Wenn zwei Brüder, von denen der eine taubstumm, der andre vollsinnig ist, mit zwei vollsinnigen Frauen verheiratet sind, die nicht mit einander verwandt sind, und der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? Er muss entweder die Chaliza erteilen oder die Leviratsehe vollziehen. Wenn aber der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? Er muss sie heiraten und darf sie niemals entlassen.",
+ "Wenn zwei vollsinnige Brüder mit zwei Frauen verheiratet sind, die nicht miteinander verwandt sind und von denen die eine vollsinnig, die andre taubstumm ist, und der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Taubstummen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? Er muss jene heiraten und kann sie dann, wenn er will, entlassen. Wenn aber der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Taubstummen, zu tun? Er muss entweder die Chaliza erteilen oder die Leviratsehe vollziehen.",
+ "Wenn zwei Brüder, von denen der eine taubstumm, der andre vollsinnig ist, mit zwei Frauen verheiratet sind, die nicht mit einander verwandt sind und von denen die eine taubstumm, die andre vollsinnig ist, und der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Taubstummen, stirbt, was hat dann der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, zu tun? Er muss jene heiraten und kann sie dann, wenn er will, entlassen. Wenn aber der Vollsinnige, der Gatte der Vollsinnigen, stirbt, was hat dann der Taubstumme, der Gatte der Taubstummen, zu tun? Er muss jene heiraten und darf sie niemals entlassen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn eine Frau mit ihrem Gatten nach einem fernen Laude gegangen ist, so darf sie, wenn Frieden zwischen ihm und ihr und auch Frieden in der Welt herrscht und sie zurückkommt und sagt: „mein Gatte ist gestorben“, sich wieder verheiraten; [wenn sie sagt:] „mein Gatte ist gestorben,“ so darf sie den Levir heiraten. Wenn jedoch Frieden zwischen ihm und ihr, aber Krieg in der Welt herrscht, oder wenn Zwist zwischen ihm und ihr, aber Frieden in der Welt herrscht und sie zurückkommt und sagt: „mein Gatte ist gestorben,“ so ist sie nicht beglaubt, R. Jehuda sagt: sie ist niemals beglaubt, es sei denn, dass sie weinend und mit zerrissenen Kleidern zurückkehrt. Da sagten sie (die Weisen) zu ihm: in jedem Falle darf sie wieder heiraten.",
+ "Bet-Hillel sagt: wir haben dieses nur für den Fall gehört, dass sie von der Ernte kommt und zwar in demselben Lande und wie die Begebenheit sich wirklich einmal zugetragen hat. Darauf sagte Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: es ist gleich, ob sie von der Ernte oder vom Oliven-Sammeln oder von der Weinlese oder auch von einem andren Lande kommt; die Weisen haben nur darum von der „Ernte“ gesprochen, weil sich der Fall in Wirklichkeit so zugetragen hat. Da entschied Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai.",
+ "Bet-Schammai sagt: sie darf wieder heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba. Bet-Hillel aber sagt: sie darf wieder heiraten, erhält aber ihre Ketuba nicht. Darauf sagte Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: bei dem wichtigen Eheverbot habt Ihr erleichtert, werdet Ihr da nicht bei der minder wichtigen Geldsache [gewiss] erleichtern? Da sagte Bet-Hillel zu ihnen: wir finden, dass die Brüder auf ihre Aussage die Erbschaft nicht antreten. Darauf sagte Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: können wir es nicht aus dem Scheine ihrer Ketuba ableiten? Er (der Gatte) verschreibt ihr doch: „wenn Du einen Andren heiratest, so erhältst Du, was Dir verschrieben ist.“ Da entschied Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai.",
+ "Alle sind beglaubt für sie Zeugnis abzulegen, ausser ihrer Schwiegermutter, der Tochter ihrer Schwiegermutter, ihrer Nebenfrau, ihrer Schwägerin und der Tochter ihres Gatten. Warum ist es anders bei [der Aussage über einen] Scheidebrief als bei [der über einen] Todesfall? Weil [dort] die geschriebene Urkunde beweisend ist. Wenn ein Zeuge sagt: „er (der Gatte) ist gestorben,“ sie sich daraufhin verheiratet und dann ein Andrer kommt und sagt: „er ist nicht gestorben,” so braucht sie die Ehe nicht zu trennen. Wenn ein Zeuge sagt: „er ist gestorben,“ und zwei sagen: „er ist nicht gestorben,“ so muss sie, selbst wenn sie sich schon wieder verheiratet hat, die Ehe trennen. Wenn Zwei sagen: „er ist gestorben,“ und Einer sagt: „er ist nicht gestorben,“ so darf sie, selbst wenn sie noch nicht wieder verheiratet ist, wieder heiraten.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau sagt: „er (mein Gatte) ist gestorben,“ und die andre sagt: „er ist nicht gestorben,“ so darf diejenige, die gesagt hat: „er ist gestorben“, wieder heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba, diejenige aber, die gesagt hat: „er ist nicht gestorben,“ darf nicht wieder heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba nicht. Wenn eine sagt: „er ist gestorben,“ und die andre sagt: „er ist erschlagen,“ so sagt R. Meir: da sie einander widersprechen, dürfen sie beide nicht wieder heiraten; R. Jehuda und R. Simon aber sagen: da sie beide darin übereinstimmen, dass er nicht mehr am Leben ist, so dürfen sie wieder heiraten. Wenn ein Zeuge sagt: er ist gestorben“, und ein andrer Zeuge sagt: „er ist nicht gestorben,“ [oder] wenn eine Frau sagt: „er ist gestorben,“ und eine andre Frau sagt; „er ist nicht gestorben“, so darf sie nicht wieder heiraten.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau mit ihrem Gatten nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist und dann zurückkehrt und sagt: „mein Gatte ist gestorben,“ so darf sie wieder heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba, ihrer Nebenfrau aber ist es verboten. War sie die Tochter eines Israeliten und mit einem Priester verheiratet, so darf sie Hebe geniessen; dies sind die Worte des R. Tarphon. R Akiba aber sagt: dies ist nicht der rechte Weg, sie vor einer Sünde zu bewahren; es muss ihr vielmehr verboten sein, zu heiraten und Hebe zu geniessen.",
+ "Wenn sie sagt: „mein Gatte ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Schwiegervater gestorben,“ so darf sie wieder heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba, ihrer Schwiegermutter aber ist es verboten. War sie die Tochter eines Israeliten und mit einem Priester verheiratet, so darf sie Hebe geniessen; dies sind die Worte des R. Tarfon. R. Akiba aber sagt: dies ist nicht der rechte Weg, sie vor einer Sünde zu bewahren; es muss ihr vielmehr verboten sein, wieder zu heiraten und Hebe zu geniessen. Wenn Jemand sich eine von fünf Frauen angetraut und dann nicht mehr weiss, welche er sich angetraut, jede aber behauptet: „mich hat er sich angetraut“: so erteilt er jeder Einzelnen einen Scheidebrief, legt den Betrag der Ketuba für sie nieder und entfernt sich; dies sind die Worte des R. Tarphon. R. Akiba aber sagt: dies ist nicht der rechte Weg, ihn vor einer Sünde zu bewahren; er muss vielmehr jeder Einzelnen einen Scheidebrief und die Ketuba geben. Wenn Jemand einem von Fünfen etwas geraubt hat und nicht mehr weiss, wem von ihnen er es geraubt hat, jeder Einzelne aber behauptet: „mich hat er beraubt“: so legt er den Raub für sie nieder und entfernt sich; dies sind die Worte des R. Tarphon. R. Akiba aber sagt: dies ist nicht der rechte Weg, ihn vor einer Sünde zu bewahren; er muss vielmehr jedem Einzelnen den Raub ersetzen.",
+ "Wenn eine Frau mit ihrem Gatten und ihrem Sohne nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist und dann zurückkommt, und sagt: „mein Mann ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Sohn gestorben“: so ist sie beglaubt. [Sagt sie aber:] „mein Sohn ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Mann gestorben“: so ist sie nicht beglaubt, man berücksichtigt jedoch ihre Worte, und sie muss die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "[Sagt sie:] „ein Sohn ward mir im fernen Lande geschenkt“, und erklärt: „mein Sohn ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Mann gestorben“: so ist sie beglaubt. [Sagt sie aber:] „mein Mann ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Sohn gestorben“: so ist sie nicht beglaubt, man berücksichtigt jedoch ihre Worte, und sie muss die Chaliza vollziehen, darf aber den Levir nicht heiraten.",
+ "[Sagt sie:] „ein Levir ward mir im fernen Lande geboren,“ und erklärt: „mein Mann ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Schwager gestorben“, [oder:] „mein Schwager [ist zuerst gestorben] und nachher mein Mann“: so ist sie beglaubt. Wenn sie mit ihrem Gatten und ihrem Schwager nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist und dann sagt: „mein Mann ist [zuerst] gestorben, und nachher ist mein Schwager gestorben“, [oder:] mein „Schwager [ist gestorben] und nachher mein Mann“: so ist sie nicht beglaubt; denn wenn die Frau sagt: „mein Schwager ist gestorben“, so ist sie nicht beglaubt sich wieder zu verheiraten, desgleichen, [wenn sie sagt:] „mein Schwager ist gestorben“, [so ist sie] nicht [beglaubt] in sein Haus einzutreten, und wenn der Mann sagt: „mein Bruder ist gestorben“, so ist er nicht beglaubt dessen Frau zu heiraten, desgleichen [wenn er sagt:] „meine Frau ist gestorben“, [so ist er] nicht [beglaubt], deren Schwester zu heiraten."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man einer Frau, deren Gatte mit ihrer Nebenfrau nach einem fernen Lande gegangen ist, berichtet: „Dein Mann ist gestorben“: so darf sie sich nicht wieder verheiraten und auch den Levir nicht heiraten, bis sie erfahren hat, ob ihre Nebenfrau schwanger ist. Hat sie eine Schwiegermutter, so braucht sie dies nicht zu berücksichtigen. Ging sie schwanger fort, so muss sie es berücksichtigen; R. Josua sagt: sie braucht es nicht zu berücksichtigen.",
+ "Wenn von zwei Schwägerinnen die eine behauptet: „mein Mann ist gestorben“, und auch die andre behauptet: „mein Mann ist gestorben“: so darf keine von Beiden wegen des Gatten der andren sich wieder verheiraten. Hat die eine Zeugen, die andre keine Zeugen, so ist es derjenigen, die Zeugen hat, verboten [sich zu verheiraten], der andren aber, die keine Zeugen hat, ist es erlaubt. Hat die eine Kinder und die andre keine Kinder, so ist es derjenigen, die Kinder hat, erlaubt, der andren aber, die keine Kinder hat, verboten. Haben sie den Levir geheiratet und sind diese Schwäger gestorben, so dürfen sie sich nicht wieder verheiraten. R. Elieser aber sagt: da sie den Schwägern [zur Ehe] erlaubt wurden, sind sie Jedem erlaubt.",
+ "Man darf nur aussagen auf Grund des Gesichts samt der Nase, obwohl [sonstige] Kennzeichen an seinem Körper oder seinen Kleidern vorhanden sind. Man darf nicht eher aussagen, als bis seine Seele [ganz] ausgegangen, selbst wenn man ihn zerschnitten oder aufgehängt oder ein wildes Tier an ihm fressen sah. Man darf nur binnen drei Tagen aussagen; R. Jehuda, Sohn Baba’s, sagt: nicht alle Menschen und nicht alle Orte und nicht alle Zeiten sind gleich.",
+ "Wenn Jemand ins Wasser fällt, sei dies begrenzt, sei dies unbegrenzt, so ist es seiner Frau verboten [sich wieder zu verheiraten]; R. Meir sagte [auch]: es geschah einst, dass Jemand in einen grossen Brunnen fiel und nach drei Tagen wieder emporkam. R. Jose [aber] sagte: es geschah einst, dass ein Blinder in eine Höhle hinabstieg, um zu baden, und sein Führer nach ihm hinabstieg; als man gewartet hatte, bis ihre Seele [vermutlich] ausgegangen war, gestattete man ihren Frauen sich wieder zu verheiraten. Ferner geschah es einst in Asia, dass man Jemand in das Meer hinabliess und nachher nur noch dessen Bein emporzog; da sagten die Weisen: war es vom Knie aufwärts, so darf sie (dessen Frau) wieder heiraten, war es aber vom Knie abwärts, so darf sie nicht wieder heiraten.",
+ "Wenn man auch nur Frauen sagen hörte: „N. N. ist gestorben“: so genügt es. R. Jehuda sagt: wenn man auch nur Kinder sagen hörte: „wir gingen [soeben], N. N. zu betrauern und zu begraben“: so genügt es, sowohl wenn sie die Absicht hatten [Zeugnis abzulegen], als auch wenn sie diese Absicht nicht hatten. R. Jehuda, Sohn Baba’s, sagt: bei einem Israeliten [gilt es], obgleich (nur wenn) er jene Absicht hat, bei einem Heiden aber gilt, wenn er jene Absicht hat, sein Zeugnis nicht.",
+ "Man darf aussagen [wenn man ihn auch nur gesehen] beim Schein des Lichts oder beim Mondschein; man darf auch der Frau gestatten wieder zu heiraten auf Grund eines Echos. Es geschah einst, dass Jemand auf dem Gipfel eines Berges stand und ausrief: „N. N., Sohn des N. N., aus dem Orte N. N. ist gestorben.“ Als man dann dorthin ging und Niemand fand, gestattete man seiner Frau wieder zu heiraten. Ferner geschah es einst in Zalmon, dass Jemand ausrief: „mich, N. N., Sohn des N. N., hat eine Schlange gebissen und siehe da, ich sterbe“. Als man dann dorthin ging und ihn nicht mehr erkannte, gestattete man [dennoch] seiner Frau wieder zu heiraten.",
+ "R. Akiba sagte: als ich einst nach Nehardea ging, um ein Schaltjahr anzuordnen, da traf mich (ich) Nehemia aas Beth-Deli und er sagte zu mir: „ich habe gehört, dass in Palästina Niemand einer Frau auf die Aussage nur eines Zeugen wieder zu heiraten erlaubt, ausser R. Jehuda, dem Sohne Baba’s, “ und da sagte ich zu ihm: „so verhalten sich die Dinge.“ Darauf sagte er zu mir: sage ihnen in meinem Namen: „Ihr wisst, dass diese Gegend von Kriegshorden durchzogen ist — ich habe die Überlieferung von Rabban Gamliel dem Ältern, dass man einer Frau gestattet, auf die Aussage eines Zeugen hin sich wieder zu verheiraten, und als ich kam und diese Worte dem Rabban Gamliel vortrug, da freute er sich über meine Worte und sagte: „wir haben nun für R. Jehuda, Sohn Baba’s, einen Genossen gefunden.“ Bei diesem Anlass erinnerte sich Rabban Gamliel, dass einst mehrere Männer in Tel Arsa erschlagen wurden und dass Rabban Gamliel (der Ältere) ihren Frauen erlaubte, auf die Aussage eines Zeugen wieder zu heiraten; (es wurde dann bestimmt, dass den Frauen zu gestatten ist, auf die Aussage eines Zeugen wieder zu heiraten;) es wurde [ferner] bestimmt, dass ihnen zu gestatten ist, sich wieder zu verheiraten auf die Aussage eines Zeugen, der es aus dem Munde eines andren Zeugen oder aus dem Munde eines Sklaven oder aus dem Munde einer Frau oder aus dem Munde einer Sklavin vernommen. R. Elieser und R. Josua sagen: man darf einer Frau nicht gestatten wieder zu heiraten auf die Aussage eines Zeugen hin; R. Akiba sagt: nicht auf die Aussage einer Frau (und nicht auf die Aussage eines Sklaven und nicht auf die Aussage einer Sklavin) und nicht auf die Aussage von Verwandten. Da sagte man zu ihm: es geschah einst, dass Söhne eines Leviten nach Zoar, der Palmenstadt, gingen und einer von ihnen unterwegs erkrankte; diesen brachte man darauf in ein Gasthaus. Als sie dann auf ihrer Rückkehr zur Wirtin sagten: „wo ist unser Geführte?“ da sagte sie zu ihnen: „er ist gestorben, und ich habe ihn begraben;“ darauf gestattete man seiner Frau wieder zu heiraten. Da sagte man zu ihm: sollte eine Priesterin nicht ebenso [beglaubt] sein wie die Wirtin? Darauf erwiderte er ihnen: wenn nur die Wirtin beglaubt wäre! Die Wirtin nämlich brachte ihnen seinen Stab, seine Tasche und die Thorarolle, die er bei sich gehabt hatte."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..332abb20dd295ed6fddb8e6ee5a8fe0966b56f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Fifteen [categories of] women exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives and so on ad infinitum from halitzah and from yibbum. And these are they: his daughter, and the daughter of his daughter, and the daughter of his son, and the daughter of his wife, and the daughter of her son and the daughter of her daughter; (7) His mother-in-law and his mother-in-law’s mother, and his father-in-law’s mother; (10) His maternal sister and his mother’s sister and his wife’s sister (13) And his maternal brother’s wife; and the wife of his brother who died before he was born, (15) And his daughter-in-law. All these exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives, and so on, ad infinitum, from halitzah and from yibbum. If any of them died, or made a declaration of refusal, or were divorced, or were found incapable of procreation, their rivals are permitted. And you cannot say of a man’s mother-in-law, or the mother of his mother-in-law and of the mother of his father-in-law that they were found incapable of procreation or that they made a declaration of refusal.",
+ "How do they exempt their rival wives? If his daughter or any other of these forbidden relatives was married to his brother who also had another wife, and he died, then just as his daughter is exempt so is her rival exempt. If his daughter’s rival went and married a second brother of his, who also had another wife, and he died, then just as the rival of his daughter is exempt so is his daughter’s rival’s rival exempt, even if there were a hundred [brothers]. How is it that if they had died, their rivals are permitted? If a man’s daughter or any other of these forbidden relatives was married to his brother who also had another wife, and his daughter died or was divorced, and afterwards his brother died, her rival is permitted. The rival of any one who can make a declaration of refusal but did not make a declaration of refusal, must perform halitzah and may not have yibbum.",
+ "There are six relatives that are more restricted than these, in that they may be married only to strangers, marriage with their rivals is permitted: his mother and his father’s wife, his father’s sister, his paternal sister, his father’s brother’s wife and his paternal brother’s wife.",
+ "Beth Shammai permits the rival wives to the surviving brothers, and Beth Hillel prohibits them. If they perform the halitzah, Beth Shammai disqualifies them from marrying a priest, and Beth Hillel makes the eligible. If they performed yibbum, Beth Shammai makes them eligible [to marry a priest], and Beth Hillel disqualifies them. Though these forbid and these permit, and these disqualify and these make eligible, Beth Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from [the families of] Beth Hillel, nor did Beth Hillel [refrain from marrying women] from [the families of] Beth Shammai. [With regard to] purity and impurity, which these declare pure and the others declare impure, neither of them refrained from using the utensils of the others for the preparation of food that was ritually clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "What is the case of “the wife of his brother who died before he was born”? If there were two brothers, and one of them died, and then a third brother was born, and then the second brother had yibbum with his dead brother’s wife and then died himself, the first woman is exempt as the wife of his brother who died before he was born, and the second wife [is exempt] because she is her rival wife. If he had ma’amar with her and died, the second wife, must perform halitzah but may not have yibbum.",
+ "If there were two brothers and one of them died, and the second had yibbum with his dead brother’s wife, and after a [third] brother was born the second died, the first wife is exempt on account of her being the wife of his brother who died before he was born, while the second is exempt as her rival. If he had ma’amar with her, the second wife must perform the halitzah but she may not have yibbum. Rabbi Shimon says: he may have yibbum with either of them or perform halitzah for either of them.",
+ "A general rule has been said about the yavamah: Wherever she is prohibited as a forbidden relation, she may neither perform halitzah nor have yibbum. If her prohibition is due to a commandment or a prohibition due to holiness, she must perform halitzah but she may not have yibbum. If her sister is also her sister-in-law, she may perform halitzah or have yibbum.",
+ "A “prohibition due to a commandment” [refers to] the secondary incest prohibitions forbidden by the scribes. “A prohibition due to holiness” [refers to the following forbidden relationships]: a widow to a high priest; a divorced woman, or one that had performed halitzah to a regular priest; a mamzereth or a netinah to an Israelite; and an Israelite woman to a natin or a mamzer.",
+ "If one has any kind of brother, [that brother] requires his brother’s wife to have yibbum, and he is his brother in every respect, except for a brother born from a female slave or a non-Jewish woman. If one has any kind of son, [that son] exempts his father’s wife from yibbum, and he is liable for striking or cursing [his father], and he is his son in every respect, except for the son of a female slave or a non-Jewish woman.",
+ "If a man betrothed one of two sisters and does not know which of them he has betrothed, he must give a get (a bill of divorce) to this one and a get to this one. If he died, and he had a brother, the brother must perform halitzah for both of them. If he had two brothers, one is to perform halitzah and the other may have yibbum. If they both preempted and married them they do not take [the women] away from them.",
+ "If two men betrothed two sisters and one does not know whom he betrothed and the other does not know whom he betrothed, this one gives two bills of divorce and the other gives two bills of divorce. If they died and this one has a brother and this one has a brother, this brother performs halitzah for both widows and this brother performs halitzah for both widows. If one has one brother and the other has two brothers, one brother performs halitzah for both widows and [as regards] the two, one performs halitzah and the other may perform yibbum. If they both preempted and married they do not take [the women] away from them. If this one had two brothers and the other had two brothers, one brother of one performs halitzah for one widow and one brother of the other performs halitzah with the other widow, [and then the other] brother of the first may have yibbum with the halutzah of the second and [the other] brother of the second may have yibbum with the halutzah of the first. If both preempted and performed halitzah, the [other] two must not perform yibbum, rather one must perform halitzah and the other may then have yibbum. If they both preempted and married they do not take [the women] away from them.",
+ "The commandment to perform yibbum is upon the oldest brother. If a younger brother preempted him [by performing yibbum], he has acquired [a wife]. If a man is suspected of [having relations] with a slave and then she was freed, or with a non-Jewish woman who then converted, he must not marry her. If, however, he did marry her they do not take her away from him. If a man is suspected of [having relations] with a married woman, and then [in consequence] she was taken away from her husband, even though he married her, he must divorce her.",
+ "A man who brings a bill of divorce from a country beyond the sea and states, “it was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence”, must not marry the [divorcer’s] wife. [Similarly, if one states] “he died”, “I killed him”, or “We killed him”, he must not marry his wife. Rabbi Judah said: [If he says], “ I killed him”, the woman may not marry [any one]; [If, he states], “We killed him”, the woman may marry.",
+ "A sage who has pronounced a woman forbidden to her husband because of a vow must not marry her himself. If, however, a woman made a declaration of refusal or performed halitzah in his presence, he may marry her, since he [is part of a] court. If any of these had wives who [subsequently] died, [the other women] are permitted to marry them. If [the women] were married to others and were [subsequently] divorced, or widowed, they may be married to these. They are permitted to their sons or brothers."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Four brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters, if those who were married to the sisters died, behold these must perform halitzah but may not have yibbum. If they preemptively married them, they must divorce them. Rabbi Eliezer said: Beth Shammai holds that they may retain them, and Beth Hillel holds that they must divorce them.",
+ "If one of the sisters was forbidden to one [of the brothers] under the prohibition of incest, he is forbidden to marry her but may marry her sister, while the second brother is forbidden to marry either of them. [If one sister] was forbidden due to a commandment or due to holiness they both perform halitzah and may not be taken in yibbum.",
+ "If one of the sisters was forbidden to one brother under the prohibition of incest and the other sister was forbidden to the other under the prohibition of incest, she who is forbidden to the one is permitted to the other and she who is forbidden to the other is permitted to the first. This is what they said: when her sister is her sister-in-law she may either perform halizah or be taken in yibbum.",
+ "Three brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters, or to a woman and her daughter, or to a woman and her daughter’s daughter, or to a woman and her son’s daughter, behold, these must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum. Rabbi Shimon exempts them. If one of them was forbidden to him by a prohibition of incest, he is forbidden to marry her but is permitted to marry her sister. If the prohibition is due to a commandment or to holiness, they must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum.",
+ "Three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and the third was unmarried: When one of the sisters’ husbands died, the unmarried brother performed for her ma’amar, and then his second brother died: Beth Shammai says: his wife [remains] with him while the other is exempt because she is his wife’s sister. Beth Hillel however says that he must divorce his wife with a get and by halitzah, and his brother’s wife by halitzah. This is the case in regard to which they said: “woe to him because of his wife, and woe to him because of his brother’s wife.”",
+ "Three brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters and the third was married to a stranger: If one of the sisters’ husbands died and the brother who was married to the stranger married his wife and then died himself, the first is exempt [from yibbum or halitzah] because she is his wife’s sister, and the second is exempt as her rival. If he had only had ma’amar with her and died, the stranger is to perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum. Three brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters and the third was married to a stranger: If the brother who was married to the stranger died, and one of the sisters’ husbands married his wife and then died himself, the first is exempt [from yibbum or halitzah] because she is his wife’s sister, and the second is exempt as her rival. If he had only had ma’amar with her and died, the stranger is to perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum.",
+ "Three brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters and the third was married to a stranger: If one of the sisters’ husband died and the brother who was married to the stranger married his wife, and then the wife of the second brother died, and afterwards the brother who was married to the stranger died, behold she is forbidden to him forever, since she was forbidden to him for one moment. Three brothers: two of whom were married to two sisters and the third was married to a stranger. If one of the sisters’ husbands divorced his wife, and then the brother who was married to the stranger died, and he who had divorced his wife married her and then died,- this is a case concerning which they said: If any of them died or were divorced, their rivals are permitted.",
+ "[If in any of these cases] the betrothal or divorce was in doubt, behold, these rivals must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum. What is a case of doubtful betrothal? If when he threw to her betrothal money it was uncertain whether it fell nearer to him or nearer to her – this is a case of doubtful betrothal. [What is a case of] doubtful divorce? If he wrote a get in his own handwriting and it bore no signatures of witnesses, or if it bore signatures of witnesses but was note dated, or if it was dated but had the signature of only one witness this is a case of doubtful divorce.",
+ "Three brothers were married to three women who were strangers [to one another] and one of them died and the second brother did ma’amar with her and then he died, behold, these must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum; for it is said “And one of them died…her husband’s brother shall unite with her” (Deuteronomy 25:5) only she who is bound due to one yavam but not she who is bound to due to two yavamim. R. Shimon says: he may have yibbum with whichever of these he wishes and then perform halitzah for the other. If two brothers were married to two sisters, and one of the brothers died, and afterwards the wife of the second brother died, behold, she is forbidden to him forever, since she was forbidden to him for one moment.",
+ "If two men betrothed two women, and as they were entering into the bridal chamber, they exchanged the one for the other, behold, they are guilty of having relations with a married woman. If they were brothers they are guilty of having relations with a brother’s wife. If they were sisters, they are guilty of having relations with a wife’s sister. If they were menstruants [they are guilty] of having relations with a menstruant. They must be kept apart for three months, lest they are pregnant. If they were minors incapable of bearing children, they may be returned [to their rightful husband] at once. If the women were of priestly families they are disqualified from eating terumah."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A yavam performs halitzah for his yevamah, and she is subsequently found to be pregnant and she gives birth:If the child is viable, he is permitted to marry her relatives and she is permitted to marry his relatives, and he does not disqualify her from marrying a priest. If the child is not viable, he is forbidden to marry her relatives and she is forbidden to marry his relatives, and he disqualifies her from marrying a priest.",
+ "A yavam marries his yevamah and she is subsequently found to be pregnant, and she gives birth:If the child is viable, he must divorce her and both are obligated to bring a sacrifice; If the child is not viable, he may retain her [as a wife]. If it is doubtful whether it is a nine-months child of the first [husband] or a seven-months child of the second [husband] he must divorce her, and the child is legitimate, and they must bring an asham talui.",
+ "If a shomeret yavam came into possession of money: Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel agree that she may sell it or give it away, and that her act is legally valid. If she dies, what shall be done with her ketubah and with property that comes in and goes out with her? Beth Shammai says: the heirs of her husband are to share it with the heirs of her father; Beth Hillel says: the property is to remain with those in whose possession it is, the ketubah is to remain in the possession of the heirs of the husband and the property which comes in and goes out with her remains in the possession of the heirs of her father.",
+ "If he married her she is his wife in every respect save that her ketubah remains a debt on her first husband’s estate.",
+ "The commandment of yibbum is upon the eldest [of the surviving brothers]. If he declines, they pass in turn to all the other brothers. If they decline, they return to the eldest and say to him, “the commandment is upon you; either perform halitzah or yibbum.”",
+ "If he wished to suspend [his decision] until a minor becomes of age, or until the eldest returns from a country beyond the sea or [until a brother who was] a deaf-mute or an imbecile [should recover], he is not to be listened to, but is told, “the commandment is upon you; either perform halitzah or yibbum.”",
+ "He who performs halitzah with his yevamah, behold he is regarded as one of the other brothers in respect of inheritance. If the father was living, the estate belongs to the father. He who marries his yevamah acquires his brother’s estate. R. Judah said: in either case, if the father was living the estate belongs to the father. He who performs halitzah with his yevamah, he is forbidden to marry her relatives and she is forbidden to marry his relatives: He is forbidden to marry her mother, her mother’s mother and her father’s mother; her daughter, her daughter’s daughter and her son’s daughter; and also her sister while she is alive. The other brothers are permitted. She is forbidden to marry his father and his father’s father; his son and his son’s son; his brother and his brother’s son. A man is permitted to marry the relative of the rival of his halutzah but is forbidden to marry the rival of the relative of his halutzah.",
+ "If he performed halitzah for his yevamah, and his brother married her sister and died, she must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum. Similarly if a man divorces his wife and his brother marries her sister and dies behold she is exempt from halitzah and from yibbum.",
+ "If the brother of the yavam had betrothed the sister of the shomeret yavam, in the name of Rabbi Judah ben Batera they said: they say to him “Wait until your older brother has done something”. If his brother performed halitzah for her or married her, he may marry his [betrothed] wife. If the yevamah died he may marry his [betrothed] wife. If the yavam died, he must divorce his wife with a get and [release] his brother’s wife by halitzah.",
+ "The yevamah shall neither perform halitzah nor be taken in yibbum before three months have passed [since her husband’s death]. Similarly all other women shall be neither be betrothed nor married before three months have passed. Whether they were virgins or non-virgins, whether divorcees or widows, whether married or betrothed. Rabbi Judah said: those who were married may be betrothed [immediately], and those who were betrothed may be married [immediately], with the exception of the betrothed women in Judea, because there the bridegroom was intimate with [his bride]. Rabbi Yose said: all [married] women may be betrothed [immediately] with the exception of the widow because of her mourning.",
+ "If four brothers were married to four women, and they died, if the eldest [surviving brother] desires he may contract yibbum with all of them. If a man was married to two women and died, sexual relations or halitzah with one of them exempts her rival. If one of them was eligible [to marry a priest] and one ineligible [to marry a priest], then if he performs halitzah it should be to her who is ineligible, and if he contracts yibbum it may be with her who is eligible.",
+ "A man who remarried his divorced wife, or married his halutzah, or married the relative of his halutzah must divorce her, and the child is a mamzer; the words of Rabbi Akiva. But the Sages say: the child is not a mamzer. They agree that where a man married the relative of his divorcee the child is a mamzer.",
+ "Who is a mamzer? [The offspring of a union with] any relative with whom cohabitation is forbidden, the words of Rabbi Akiva. Shimon the Yemenite says: [The offspring of any union] for which one is obligated kareth at the hands of heaven; and the halachah is like his words. Rabbi Joshua says: [The offspring of any union] for which one is obligated death at the hands of a court.Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I found a scroll of genealogical records in Jerusalem, and it was written on it, “So-and-so is a mamzer [having been born] from an adulterous woman”, which confirms the view of Rabbi Joshua. If a man’s wife died, he is permitted to marry her sister. If he divorced her and then she died he is permitted to marry her sister. If she was married to another man and died, he is permitted to marry her sister. If a man’s sister-in-law died, he may marry her sister. If he performed for her halitzah and then she died, he is permitted to marry her sister."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabban Gamaliel says: There is no [validity] to a get given after a get, nor to a ma’amar after a ma’amar, nor to an act of sexual intercourse after another act of sexual intercourse, nor to a halitzah after another halitzah. However, the Sages say: There is [validity] to a get given after a get, and to a ma’amar after a ma’amar but not to an act of sexual intercourse after another act of sexual intercourse, or to a halitzah after another halitzah.",
+ "How [is the release from yibbum effected]?If he performed ma'amar for his yevamah and gave her a get, she requires halitzah. If he performed ma'amar and and did halizah, she requires a get. If he performed ma’amar and then had intercourse with her, behold this is in accordance with the commandment.",
+ "If the yavam gave her a get and then ma’amar, she needs [another] get and halitzah. If he gave her a get and then had intercourse with her, she needs [another] get and halitzah. If he gave her a get and then did halitzah, there is nothing after halitzah. If the yavam did halitzah and then he did ma’amar or gave her a get, or had intercourse with her; Or if he had intercourse with her and then did ma’amar, or gave her a get, or did halitzah, there is nothing after halitzah. [And the law is the same] whether there is one yevamah to one yavam or two yevamoth to one yavam.",
+ "How is this so?If the yavam did ma'amar with this one and ma'amar with the other one, they need two letters of divorce and [one of them must have] halizah. If he did ma'amar with one and gave a get to the other, the [first one] needs a get and [one of them must have] halitzah. If he did ma'amar with one and had intercourse with the other, they need two gets and [one of them must have] halitzah. If he had ma'amar with one and gave halitzah to the other, the first needs a get. If he gave a get to one and a get to the other, [one of them] requires halitzah. If he gave a get to one and had intercourse with the other, [the second one] requires a get and [one of them must have] halitzah. [If he gave] a get to one and had ma'amar with the other, [the second] requires a get and [one of them must have] halitzah. [If he gave] a get to one and halizah to the other, there is nothing after halitzah.",
+ "If he performed halitzah [for one] and then performed halitzah [for the other], Or performed halitzah [for one] and did ma'amar [with the other], or gave her get, or had intercourse with her; Or if he had intercourse [with one] and then with the other, Or had intercourse [with one] and then ma'amar with the other, or gave her a get, or performed halitzah there is nothing after halitzah. [There is no difference in the law] whether there was one yavam to two yevamoth or two yavamim to yevamah.",
+ "[If the yavam] performed halitzah and then did ma’amar, gave her a get, or had intercourse with her; Or if he had intercourse with her and then did ma'amar, gave her a get, or performed halitzah, there is no valid act after halitzah,Whether [it was performed] in the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. Concerning intercourse, if it took place first there is no valid act after it; If it occurred in the middle or at the end there can be a valid act after it. Rabbi Nehemiah says: with both intercourse and halizah, whether it took place in the beginning, in the middle, or at the end, there is no validity in any act that follows it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who has intercourse with his yevamah, whether in error or with presumption, whether under compulsion or of his own free will, even if he acted in error and she in presumption, or he in presumption and she in error, or he under compulsion and she not under compulsion, or she under compulsion and he not under compulsion, whether he only began to have intercourse or he completed having intercourse, he has acquired her as a wife. The laws do not make a distinction between different types of intercourse.",
+ "Similarly, one who has intercourse with any of the forbidden relatives listed in the Torah, or with any of those who are disqualified to marry him as, for instance, a widow to a high priest, a divorced woman or a halutzah to a common priest, a mamzeret or a netinah to an Israelite or the daughter of an Israelite to a mamzer or a nathin, he has disqualifed [her from marrying a priest], and the laws do not make a distinction between different types of intercourse.",
+ "A widow to a high priest, a divorced woman or a halutzah to an ordinary priest they do not eat terumah from the point of betrothal. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Shimon declare them eligible. If they became widows or were divorced after full marriage they are ineligible; If after betrothal they are eligible.",
+ "A high priest shall not marry a widow whether she became a widow after a betrothal or after a marriage. He shall not marry one who has reached puberty. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Shimon permit him to marry one who has reached puberty, but he may not marry one who lost her virginity through a stick. [A priest who] betrothed a widow, and was subsequently appointed high priest, may bring her into marriage. It once happened with Joshua ben Gamla that he betrothed Marta the daughter of Boethus, and the king appointed him high priest, and he brought her into marriage. If a shomeret yavam became liable to have yibbum with an ordinary priest and then he was appointed high priest, even though he already did ma’amar, he may not bring her into marriage. A high priest whose brother died must perform halitzah but may not contract yibbum.",
+ "An ordinary priest shall not marry a woman incapable of procreation, unless he already has a wife or children. Rabbi Judah said: even though he has a wife and children he shall not marry a woman incapable of procreation, since she is a zonah, as mentioned in the Torah. But the Sages said: the term zonah implies only a female convert, freed slavewoman and one who has been subjected to illicit intercourse.",
+ "A man shall not abstain from procreation unless he already has children. Beth Shammai says: two males, And Beth Hillel says: male and a female, for it says, “Male and female created he them” (Genesis 5:2). If a man married a woman and lived with her for ten years and she bore no child, he may not abstain [any longer from the duty of propagation]. If he divorced her she is permitted to marry another, and the second husband may also live with her for ten years. If she miscarried [the period of ten years] is counted from the time of her miscarriage. A man is commanded concerning the duty of propagation but not a woman. Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: Concerning both of them it is said, “And God blessed them; and said to them… “Be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 1:28)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a widow [who married] a high priest, or if a divorced woman or a halutzah [who married] an ordinary priest brought in to her husband melog slaves and tzon barzel slaves, the melog slaves may not eat terumah but the tzon barzel slaves may eat of it. The following are melog slaves: those who, if they die, are the wife’s loss and, if their value increases, are her profit. Even though it is the husband's duty to maintain them, they may not eat terumah. The following are tzon barzel slaves: if they die, they are the loss of the husband and, if their value increases, they are a profit to him. Since he is responsible for them, they are permitted to eat terumah.",
+ "If the daughter of an Israelite was married to a priest, and she brought him in slaves, they are permitted to eat terumah whether they are melog slaves, or tzon barzel slaves. If the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite and she brought him in slaves, they may not eat terumah whether they are melog slaves or tzon barzel slaves.",
+ "If the daughter of an Israelite was married to a priest who died and left her pregnant, her slaves may not eat terumah because of the share of the fetus, since a fetus prevents [its mother] from eating [terumah] but does not cause her to be able to eat [terumah], the words of Rabbi Yose. They said to him: since you have testified to us concerning the daughter of an Israelite who was married to a priest, even concerning the daughter of a priest who was married to a priest, and he died and left her pregnant her slaves may not eat terumah because of the share of the fetus!",
+ "A fetus, a yavam, betrothal, a deaf-mute, and a boy who is nine years and one day old, disqualify [a woman] from [terumah], but do not allow her to eat terumah, If it is doubtful whether the boy is nine years and one day old or not, or whether he has produced two hairs or not, If a house collapsed upon a man and upon his brother’s daughter, and it is not known which of them died first, her rival must perform halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum.",
+ "The rapist, the seducer and the insane man neither disqualify [a woman from eating terumah] nor do they allow her to eat [terumah].If they are unfit to enter into the assembly of Israel they do disqualify [a woman from eating terumah]. How is this so? If an Israelite had intercourse with the daughter of a priest she continues to eat terumah.If she becomes pregnant she may no longer eat terumah.[Even if] she becomes pregnant she may not eat.And if his father’s mother was the daughter of an Israelite married to a priest, she may not eat terumah;And if his mother’s mother was the daughter of an Israelite married to a priest, she may eat terumah; If the embryo was miscarried in her womb she may eat. If a priest had intercourse with the daughter of an Israelite, she may not eat terumah.If she gave birth may eat.A slave disqualifies a woman from eating terumah through intercourse but not as her offspring.If she was the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite she may eat terumah.If she was the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite she may not eat terumah. It is found that the power of the son is greater than that of the father. How is this so? If the daughter of an Israelite was married to a priest or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore a son by him, and the son went and had intercourse with a slave-woman who bore a son by him, such a son is a slave;A mamzer disqualifies a woman from eating terumah and can allow her to eat terumah. How is this so? If the daughter of an Israelite was married to a priest or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore a daughter by him, and the daughter went and married a slave or a Gentile who bore a son by him, such a son is a mamzer;",
+ "A high priest sometimes disqualifies [his mother’s mother] from being able to eat terumah. How is this so? If a priest’s daughter was married to an Israelite and she bore a daughter by him, and the daughter went and married a priest and bore a son by him, such a son is fit to be a high priest, to stand and serve at the altar. He allows his mother to eat terumah but disqualifies his mother’s mother. And she can say, “[May there] not be like my grandson the high priest who disqualified me from eating terumah.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "An uncircumcised [priest] and all impure persons may not eat terumah. Their wives and slaves may eat terumah. [A priest] whose testes are crushed or whose member is cut off, as well as their slaves, may eat terumah, but their wives may not. If, however, he did not know her after the his testes were crushed or his member was cut off, the wives may eat [terumah].",
+ "Who is considered a “petzua dakkah”? Anyone whose testes are wounded even one of them. And a “kerut shofkhah”? A man whose member is cut off. If [any part] of the corona remained, even so much as a hair’s breadth, the man is regarded as fit [to serve as a priest]. A man who testes are wounded, and one whose member is cut off, are permitted to marry a convert or a freed slave. They are only forbidden to enter into the congregation, as it is said “No one whose testes are crushed or whose member is cut off shall be admitted into the congregation of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 23:2).",
+ "An Ammonite and a Moabite are forbidden [to enter into the congregation of the Lord] and their prohibition is for ever. However, their women are permitted at once. An Egyptian and an Edomite are forbidden only until the third generation, whether they are males or females. Rabbi Shimon permits their women immediately. Said Rabbi Shimon: This is a kal vehomer: if where the males are forbidden for all time the females are permitted immediately, where the males are forbidden only until the third generation how much more should the females be permitted immediately. They said to him: If this is a halakhah, we shall accept it; but if it is only a logical reference, there is a refutation. He replied: This is not so, I am in fact saying a halakhah. Mamzerim and nethinim are forbidden, and their prohibition is forever, whether they be males or females.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua said: I have heard that a eunuch performs halitzah and that halitzah is performed by others for his wife, and also that a eunuch does not perform halitzah and that no halitzah is performed for his wife, and I am unable to explain this. Rabbi Akiva said: I will explain it: a man-made eunuch performs halitzah and halitzah is also performed for his wife, because there was a time when he was fit [to have children]. A eunuch by nature neither performs halitzah nor is halitzah performed for his wife, since there never was a time when he was fit. Rabbi Elazar said: Not so! Rather a eunuch by nature performs halitzah and halitzah is performed for his wife, because he may be cured. A man-made eunuch neither performs halitzah nor is halitzah performed for his wife, since he cannot be cured. Rabbi Joshua ben Baterra testified concerning Ben Megusat, who was a man-made eunuch living in Jerusalem and they performed yibbum for his wife, thus confirming the opinion of Rabbi Akiva.",
+ "The eunuch neither performs halitzah nor contracts yibbum. So too a woman who is incapable of procreation neither performs halizah nor is taken in yibbum. If a eunuch performed halitzah for his yevamah, he does not disqualify her [from subsequently marrying a priest]. If he has intercourse with her he disqualifies her, since this is an act of fornication. Similarly where brothers performed halitzah for a woman incapable of procreation, they do not disqualify her [from marrying a priest]. If they have intercourse with her they do disqualify her, since this is an act of fornication.",
+ "If a priest who was eunuch by nature married the daughter of an Israelite, he confers upon her the right to eat terumah. Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon stated: if a priest who was an hermaphrodite married the daughter of an Israelite, he confers upon her the right to eat terumah. Rabbi Judah stated: if a tumtum was opened up and found to be a male, he may not perform halitzah, because he has the same status as a eunuch. The hermaphrodite may marry [a wife] but may not be married [by a man]. Rabbi Eliezer stated: concerning the hermaphrodite, [the one who has relations with him] is liable to be stoned like one [who has relations with] a male."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Some women are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamim, Others are permitted to their yevamim and forbidden to their husbands, Others are permitted to both, Others are forbidden to both.[In all these cases the women] are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamim. These are the women who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamim: An ordinary priest married a widow and had a brother who was a high priest; A halal married a woman who was fit and had a brother of legitimate status; An Israelite married the daughter of an Israelite and had a brother who was a mamzer, A mamzer married a mamzeret and had a brother who was an Israelite.",
+ "The following are permitted to their yevamim and forbidden to their husbands:A high priest who betrothed a widow and has a brother who is an ordinary priest; A fit [priest] who married a halalah and has a brother who is a halal; An Israelite who married a mamzeret and has a brother who is a mamzeret; A mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite and has a brother who is an Israelite. [In these cases the women] are permitted to their yevamim and forbidden to their husbands. The following are forbidden to both; A high priest who married a widow has a brother who is a high priest, or who is an ordinary priest; A fir [priest] who married a halalah and has a brother who was a fit [priest]; An Israelite who married a mamzeret and has a brother who is Israelite; A mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite and has a brother who is a mamzer, [In these cases the women] are forbidden to both [the husband and the yavam]. All other women are permitted to both their husbands and their yevamim.",
+ "[Concerning] relatives of the second degree [of incest laws who are forbidden] by the words of the scribes:[A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the husband but not a second degree of kinship to the yavam, is forbidden to the husband and permitted to the yavam; [A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the yavam but not a second degree of kinship to the husband is forbidden to the yavam and permitted to the husband; [A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the one and to the other is forbidden to the one as well as to the other. She cannot claim her ketubah or usufruct or support money, or her worn clothes. The child is fit [to marry a priest], but the husband is compelled to divorce her. A widow who was married to a high priest, a divorcee or halutzah who was married to an ordinary priest, a mamzer or a netinah who was married to an Israelite, or the daughter of an Israelite who was married to a natin or a mamzer is entitled to her ketubah.",
+ "The daughter of an Israelite who was betrothed to a priest, or who was pregnant from a priest, or was a shomeret yavam to a priest; And similarly, the daughter of a priest [who was in such relationship] with an Israelite, may not eat terumah. The daughter of an Israelite who was betrothed to a Levite, or who was pregnant from a Levite, or was a shomeret yavam to a Levite; And similarly, the daughter of a Levite [who was in such a relationship] with an Israelite may not eat tithe. The daughter of a Levite who was betrothed to a priest, or who was pregnant from a priest, or was a shomeret yavam to a priest; And similarly, the daughter of a priest [who was in such relationship] with a levite, may eat neither terumah nor tithe.",
+ "The daughter of an Israelite married to a priest may eat terumah. If he died and she has a son by him she may continue to eat terumah. If she was [subsequently] married to a Levite, she may eat tithe. If he died and she had a son by him, she may continue to eat tithe. If she was [subsequently] married to an Israelite she may eat neither terumah nor tithe. If he died and she has a son by him, she may eat neither terumah nor tithe. If her son by the Israelite died, she may again eat tithe. If her son by the Levite died she may again eat terumah. If her son by the priest died, she may eat neither terumah nor tithe.",
+ "The daughter of a priest who was married to an Israelite may not eat terumah. If he died and she had a son by him she may not eat terumah. If she was [subsequently] married to a Levite she may eat tithe. If he died and she had a son by him she may eat tithe. If she was [subsequently] married to a priest she may eat terumah. If he died and she had a son by him she may eat terumah. If her son by the priest died she may not eat terumah. If her son by the levite died she may not eat tithe. If her son by the Israelite died she returns to the house of her father; And it is concerning such a woman that it is said, “And she returns to her father’s house, as in her youth, she may eat of her father’s bread” (Leviticus 22:13)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A woman whose husband had gone to a country beyond the sea and they came and told her, “Your husband died”, married, and then her husband returned: She must leave this one and that one, and she also requires a get from this one and that one. She has no ketubah, no usufruct, no support money or worn clothes, neither from this one nor from that one. If she has taken anything from this one or that one, she must return it. The child from this one or that one is a mamzer. Neither this one nor that one may impurify himself for her. Neither this one and that one has a claim to whatever she may find, nor what she makes with her hands, nor to invalidate her vows. If she was the daughter of an Israelite, she becomes disqualified from marrying a priest; if the daughter of a Levite, from the eating of tithe; and if the daughter of a priest, from the eating of terumah. Neither the heirs of this one nor the heirs of that one are entitled to inherit her ketubah. And if [the husbands] die, the brother of the one and the brother of the other must perform halitzah, but may not contract yibbum. Rabbi Yose said: her ketubah remains a charge upon the estate of her first husband. Rabbi Elazar said: the first husband is entitled to whatever she may find, and what she makes with her hands, and also has the right to invalidate her vows. Rabbi Shimon said: intercourse or halitzah with the brother of the first husband exempts her rival, and the child from him is not a bastard. If she married without an authorization, she may return to him.",
+ "If she married with the authorization of the court, she must leave, but is exempt from bringing a sacrifice. If she married without the authorization of the court, she must leave and is liable to bring a sacrifice. The authority of the court is thus more greater in that it exempts her from the sacrifice. If the court ruled that she may be married and she went and disgraced herself, she must bring a sacrifice, because the court permitted her only to marry.",
+ "If a woman whose husband and son went to a country beyond the sea was told, “Your husband died and your son died afterwards”, and she married again, and later she was told, “the [deaths] happened in the opposite order” she must leave, and any child born before or after is a mamzer. If she was told “Your son died and your husband died afterwards”, and she had yibbum, and afterwards she was told, “the [deaths] happened in the opposite order” she must leave, and any child born before or after is a mamzer. If she was told, “Your husband died”, and she married, and afterwards she was told, “He was alive but is now dead”, she must leave, and any child born before [the death of her first husband] is a mamzer, but one born after it is not a mamzer. If she was told, “Your husband died”, and she was betrothed, and afterwards her husband appeared, she is permitted to return to him. Although the second one gave her a get he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying a priest. This Rabbi Elazar ben Mathia expounded: “A woman divorced from her husband” (Leviticus 21:7) not from a man who is not her husband.",
+ "If a man’s wife had gone to a country beyond the sea and he was told, “Your wife is dead”, and he married her sister, and afterwards his wife came back, [the latter] is permitted to return to him. He is permitted to marry the relatives of the second woman, and the second woman is permitted to marry his relatives. If the first wife died he is permitted to marry the second. If he was told that his wife was dead, and he married her sister, and then he was told that she was then alive but had since died, any child born before [his first wife’s death] is a mamzer, but anyone born after [her death] is not a mamzer. Rabbi Yose says: whoever disqualifies for others disqualifies for himself and whoever does not disqualify for others does not disqualify for himself.",
+ "If a man was told “Your wife is dead” and he married her paternal sister; [and when he was told] “She is dead’, he married her maternal sister; [and when he was told] “She is dead”, and he married her paternal sister; [and when he was told] “She is dead, he married her maternal sister; and later it was found that they were all alive, he is permitted to the first, third and fifth, and they exempt their rivals; But he is forbidden to the second and the fourth, and intercourse with one of these does not exempt her rival. If he had intercourse with the second after the death of the first, he is permitted to the second and fourth, and they exempt their rivals; But he is forbidden to the third and the fifth, and intercourse with one of these does not exempt her rival.",
+ "A boy of the age of nine years and one day disqualifies [his sister-in-law for marriage] with his brothers, and his brothers disqualify her for him, but while he disqualifies her from the outset only, the brothers disqualify her from the outset and at the end. How is this so? A boy of the age of nine years and one day who had intercourse with his sister-in-law disqualifies her [for marriage] with his brothers; The brothers disqualify her [for marriage with him] whether they had intercourse with her, did ma’amar, gave her a get or submitted to her halitzah.",
+ "If a boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his yevamah and then his brother who was of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with her, [the latter] disqualifies her for [the former]. Rabbi Shimon says: he does not render her unfit.",
+ "If a boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his yevamah and afterwards had intercourse with her rival wife, he has disqualified [both women for marriage] with himself. Rabbi Shimon says: he does not disqualify them. If a boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his yevamah and then died, she must undergo halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum. If he had married [any other] woman and she subsequently died, she is exempt [from both halitzah and yibbum].",
+ "If a boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his sister-in-law, and after he had come of age he married another woman and then died, if he had not known the first woman after he had become of age, the first one must have halitzah but may not be taken in yibbum, while the second may either have halitzah or yibbum. Rabbi Shimon says: [the yavam] may perform yibbum with whichever one he wants, and he must perform halitzah for the other [woman]. [The same law applies] whether he is of the age of nine years and one day, or whether he is of the age of twenty years but had not produced two pubic hairs."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A man is permitted to marry [the relative] of a woman [whom he has] raped or seduced. He who rapes or seduces [a relative] of his married wife, is guilty. A man may marry a woman whom his father has raped or seduced or a woman whom his son has raped or seduced. Rabbi Yehudah forbids [marriage] with a woman whom one’s father has raped or seduced.",
+ "The sons of a female convert who converted with her do not perform halitzah or yibbum, even if the one was not conceived in holiness but was born in holiness, and the other was both conceived and born in holiness. So also [is the law] where the sons of a female slave were freed together with her.",
+ "If the children of five women were mixed up and, when these mixed up children grew up, they took wives and then died, four perform halitzah for one [of the widows] and one contracts with her yibbum. [Then] he and three [brothers] perform halitzah to [another one of the widows] and one has with her yibbum. Thus every one [of the widows] has halitzah four times and yibbum once.",
+ "If the child of a woman was mixed up with the child of her daughter-in-law and the mixed-up children grew up and married women and then died, the [other] sons of the daughter-in-law perform halitzah but may not contract yibbum, for it is uncertain whether she is the wife of his brother or the wife of his father’s brother. The [other] sons of the older woman either perform halitzah or yibbum, since the only doubt is whether she is the wife of his brother or the wife of his brother’s son. If the not-mixed-up sons died then [with respect to the widows of the sons of the older woman] the mixed-up sons perform halitzah and may not have yibbum, since it is uncertain whether she is the wife of his brother or the wife of his father’s brother; [With respect to the widows] of the sons of the daughter-in-law one performs halitzah and the other [may] have yibbum.",
+ "If the child of a priest’s wife was mixed-up with the child of her female slave, behold both may eat terumah and [together] they receive one share at the threshing-floor. They may not defile themselves for the dead nor may they marry any women whether these are eligible [for marriage with a priest] or ineligible. If when they grew up, the mixed-up children freed one another they may marry women who are eligible for marriage with a priest and they may not defile themselves for the dead. If they defiled themselves, they do not receive the penalty of forty lashes. They may not eat terumah, but if they did eat they need not pay compensation either for the principal or [the additional] fifth. They are not to receive a share at the threshing-floor, but they may sell [their own] terumah and the proceeds are theirs. They receive no share in the holy things of the temple, and no holy things are given to them but others do not take their holy things from them. They are exempt from [giving to any priest] the shoulder, the cheeks and the maw, while the firstling of either of them should remain in the pasture until it contracts a blemish. The restrictions relating to priests and the restrictions relating to Israelites are both imposed upon them.",
+ "If a woman did not wait three months after [separation from] her husband, and married again and gave birth [to a son], and it is unknown whether it is a nine-months child by the first husband or a seven-months child by the second, if she had other sons by the first husband and other sons by the second, these must perform halitzah but may not contract yibbum. So too he, with their widows performs halitzah but may not contract yibbum. If he had brothers by the first and also brothers by the second, but not by the same mother, he may either perform halitzah or contract yibbum, But as for them, one performs halitzah and the other may [then] contract yibbum.",
+ "If one of [the two husbands] was an Israelite and the other a priest: He may only marry a woman who is eligible to marry a priest. He may not defile himself for the dead, but if he did defile himself he does not suffer the penalty of forty stripes. He may not eat terumah, but if he did eat he need not pay compensation either for the principal or [for the additional] fifth. He does not receive a share at the threshing-floor, but he may sell [his own] terumah and the profits are his. He receives no share in the holy things of the temple, no holy things are given to him, but he is not deprived of his own. He is exempt from [giving to any priest] the shoulder, the cheeks and the maw, while his firstling must remain in the pasture until it contracts a blemish. The restrictions relating to priests and the restrictions relating to Israelites are imposed upon him. If the two [husbands] were priests: He must be an onen mourner for them and they must be onenim mourners for him, but he may not defile himself for them, nor may they defile themselves for him. He may not inherit from them, but they may inherit from him. He is exempt if he strikes or curses the one or the other. He goes up [to serve] in the Temple watch of the one as well as of the other, but he does not receive a share [in the offerings]. If both served in the same watch, he receives a single portion."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The commandment of halitzah must be performed in the presence of three judges, even though all the three are laymen. If the woman performed the halitzah with a shoe, her halitzah is valid, [but if] with a felt sock it is invalid. If with a sandal to which a heel is attached it is valid, but [if with one] that has no heel it is invalid. [If the sandal was tied] below the knee the halitzah is valid, but if above the knee it is invalid.",
+ "If the woman performed the halitzah with a sandal that did not belong to him, or with a wooden sandal, or with the one of the left foot [which he was wearing] on his right foot, the halitzah is valid. If she performed the halizah with a sandal too large [for him], in which, however, he is able to walk, or with one too small which, however, covers the greater part of his foot, her halizah is valid. If she performed the halitzah at night, her halitzah is valid. Rabbi Elazar disqualifies [halitzah at night]. [If she performed it] with [the yavam’s] left shoe, her halitzah is invalid, Rabbi Elazar validates it.",
+ "If she took off his shoe and spat, but did not recite [the formula], her halitzah is valid. If she recited [the formula] and spat, but did not draw off the shoe, her halitzah is invalid. If she drew off the shoe and recited [the formula] but did not spit: R. Eliezer says her halitzah is invalid; and R. Akiva says: her halitzah is valid. R. Eliezer said to him: “‘So shall be done’ (Deut. 25:9), anything which is a deed is essential.” R. Akiva said to him: “From there is your proof!: ‘So shall be done to the man”, only that which is to be done to the man [is essential].",
+ "If a deaf yavam submitted to halitzah or if a deaf yevamah performed halitzah, or if a halitzah was performed on a minor, the halizah is invalid. If a minor yevamah performed halitzah she must again perform halitzah when she becomes of age; if she does not again perform it, the halitzah is invalid.",
+ "If she performed halitzah in the presence of two men or in the presence of three men and one of them was discovered to be a relative or in any other way unfit [to act as judge], her halitzah is invalid. R. Shimon and R. Yohanan Ha-Sandelar declare it valid. And it once happened that a man submitted to halitzah between himself and herself in a prison, and when the case came before R. Akiva he declared the halitzah valid.",
+ "[This is the procedure in the performance of] the commandment of halitzah:He and his deceased brother’s wife come to the court, and they offer him appropriate advice, for it is said, “Then the elders of his city shall call him and speak to him” (Deut. 25:8). She then says: “My husband’s brother refuses to establish a name for his brother in Israel; he will not perform the duty of a levir (yavam)” (verse. Then he says: “I do not wish to marry her” (verse. [These sayings] were spoken in the holy tongue (Hebrew). “Then his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, pull the sandal off his foot and spit in his face” (verse spit that the judges can see. “And make this declaration: Thus shall be done to the man who will not build up his brother’s house”. Thus far they used to dictate. When Rabbi Hyrkanus was under the terebinth at Kefar Etam he dictated the reading and completed the entire section, the practice was established to complete the entire section. “And he shall go in Israel by the name of ‘the family of the unsandaled one’” (verse. [The recitation of this verse] is a commandment [to be performed] by the judges and not by the disciples. Rabbi Judah says: it is a commandment incumbent upon all present to cry “[the man] that had his shoe pulled off, [the man] that had his shoe pulled off, [the man] that had his shoe pulled off.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Beth Shammai says: Only those who are betrothed may exercise the right of refusal; But Beth hillel says: Both those who are betrothed and those who are married. Beth Shammai says: [A declaration of refusal may be made] against a husband but not against a yavam; But Beth Hillel says: Either against a husband or against a yavam. Beth Shammai says: [The declaration] must be made in his presence, But Beth Hillel says: Either in his presence or not in his presence. Beth Shammai says: [The declaration must be made] before the court, But Beth Hillel says: Either before the court or not before the court. Beth Hillel said to Beth Shammai: [A girl] may exercise the right of refusal while she is a minor even four or five times. Beth Shammai said to them: “The daughters of Israel are not ownerless property! Rather, either she makes a declaration of refusal and then waits until she is of age, or she makes a declaration of refusal and marries again [immediately]. ",
+ "Which minor must make the declaration of refusal?Any whose mother or brothers have given her in marriage with her consent. If they gave her in marriage without her consent she need not make any declaration of refusal. Rabbi Hanina ben Antigonus says: Any child who is unable to take care of her token of betrothal need not make any declaration of refusal. Rabbi Eliezer says: The act of a minor has no validity at all, rather [she is to be regarded] as one seduced. The daughter of an Israelite [who was married] to a priest may not eat terumah, and the daughter of a priest [who was married] to an Israelite may eat terumah.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: In the case of any hindrance that was due to the husband, she is considered to be his wife; But in the case of any hindrance that was not due to the husband she is not considered to be his wife.",
+ "If a minor made a declaration of refusal against a man, he is permitted [to marry] her relatives and she is permitted to [marry] his relatives, and he does not disqualify her from[marrying] a priest. If he gave her a get, he is forbidden to [marry] her relatives and she is forbidden to [marry] his relatives, and he also disqualifies her from [marrying] a priest. If he gave her a get and remarried her and then she a made a declaration of refusal against him, and then she was married to another man and became a widow or was divorced, she is permitted to return to him. If she made a declaration of refusal against him and then he remarried her, and then he gave her a get and then she was married to another man and became a widow or was divorced, she is forbidden to return to him. This is the general rule: if divorce followed meun she is forbidden to return to him, and if meun followed divorce she is permitted to return to him.",
+ "If a minor made a declaration of refusal against a man, and then she was married to another man who divorced her, and afterwards to another man against whom she made a declaration of refusal, and then to another man who divorced her: she is forbidden to return to any man from whom she was separated by a get, but is permitted to return to any man from whom she was separated by her declaration of refusal.",
+ "If a man divorced his wife and remarried her, she is permitted to marry the yavam; Rabbi Elazar forbids. Similarly, if a man divorced an orphan and remarried her, she is permitted to marry the yavam; Rabbi Elazar forbids. If a minor was given in marriage by her father and was divorced she is like an orphan in her father’s lifetime and then her husband remarried her, all agree that she is forbidden to marry the yavam.",
+ "If two brothers were married to two sisters who were minors and orphans, and the husband of one of them died, [the widow] is free since she is the [the yavam’s] wife’s sister. Similarly in the case of two deaf-mute [sisters]. [If the two brothers were married to two sisters one of whom was] of age and [the other] a minor, if the husband of the minor died, the minor is free since she is the [the yavam’s] wife’s sister. If the husband of the elder sister died: Rabbi Eliezer says the minor is to be instructed to make a declaration of refusal against him. Rabban Gamaliel says: If she made a declaration of refusal, then she did so; but if [she did] not, let her wait until she is of age and then she will be free since she is the [the yavam’s] wife's sister. Rabbi Joshua says: Woe to him because of his wife and woe to him because of his brother’s wife! He must allow his wife to go by [giving her] a get, and [he must let go] his brother’s wife through halitzah.",
+ "If a man who was married to two minors orphans died, intercourse or halitzah with one of them exempts her rival. And the same is true with regard to two deaf women. [If a man was married to] a minor and to a deaf woman [and then died], intercourse with one of them does not exempt her rival. If one was of sound senses and one was deaf, intercourse with the woman of sound senses exempts the deaf woman, but intercourse with the deaf woman does not exempt the woman of sound senses. If one was of age and the other a minor, intercourse with the one of age exempts the minor, but intercourse with the minor does not exempt the one of age.",
+ "If a man who was married to two orphans who were minors died, and the yavam had intercourse with one, and then he also had intercourse with the other, or his [the yavam’s] brother had intercourse with the other, he has not thereby disqualified the first [for him]; And the same is true with regard to two deaf women. [If one was] a minor and the other deaf, and the yavam had intercourse with the minor and then he had intercourse with the deaf widow, or a brother of his had intercourse with the deaf widow, he has not disqualified the minor [for him]. If the yavam had intercourse with the deaf widow and then he also had intercourse with the minor, or a brother of his had intercourse with the minor, he has disqualified the deaf widow [for him].",
+ "[If one was] of sound senses and the other deaf, and the yavam had intercourse with the woman of sound senses and then he also had intercourse with the deaf woman, or a brother of his had intercourse with the deaf woman, he does not disqualify the former [for him]. If the yavam had intercourse with the deaf woman, and then he also had intercourse with the woman of sound senses, or a brother of his had intercourse with the woman of sound senses, he disqualifies the deaf woman [for him].",
+ "[If one was] of age and the other a minor, and the yavam had intercourse with the one who was of age, and then he had intercourse with the minor, or a brother of his had intercourse with the minor, he does not disqualify the elder for him. If the yavam had intercourse with the minor, and then he also had intercourse with the one who was of age, or a brother of his had intercourse with the one who was of age, he disqualifies the minor [for him]. Rabbi Elazar says: the minor is to be instructed to make a declaration of refusal.",
+ "If a yavam who was a minor had intercourse with a yevamah who was a minor, they should be brought up together. If he had intercourse with a yevamah who was of age, she should bring him up until he is of age. If a yevamah declared within thirty days [after yibbum], “he has not had intercourse with me”, they force him to perform halitzah; [If her declaration was made] after thirty days, they request that he perform halitzah. If he admits [that he did not have intercourse with her], they force him to perform halitzah.",
+ "If a woman vowed to have no benefit from her yavam:If the vow was made during the husband’s lifetime they force him to perform halitzah, [If her vow was made] after the death of her husband, they request of him to perform halitzah. If this was her intention, [even if her vow was made] during the lifetime of her husband, they request of him to perform halitzah."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a deaf man married a woman of sound senses or a man of sound senses married a deaf woman he may, if he wishes, divorce her, and he may, if he wishes retain her; just as he marries by gestures so he divorces her by gestures. If a man of sound senses married a woman of sound senses and she became deaf, he may, if he wishes, divorce her; and he may, if he wishes, retain her. If she became insane he may not divorce her. If he became deaf or insane, he may never divorce her. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: Why may a woman who became deaf be divorced while a man who became deaf may not divorce [his wife]? They answered him: a man who divorces is not like a woman who is divorced, for while a woman may be divorced with her consent and without her consent, a man can divorce only with his consent.",
+ "Rabbi Yohanan ben Gudgada testified concerning a deaf-mute whose father had given her in marriage, that she could be sent away with a bill of divorcement; They said to him: the other also is similar to her.",
+ "If two deaf brothers were married to two deaf sisters, or to two sisters who were of sound senses, or to two sisters one of whom was deaf and the other was of sound senses; And so also if two deaf sisters were married to two brothers who were of sound senses, or to two deaf brothers, or to two brothers one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses: Behold these [women] are exempt from halitzah and from yibbum. If [the women] were strangers they must marry them, and if they wish to divorce them, they may do so.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, were married to two sisters who were of sound senses, and the deaf brother, the husband of the sister who was of sound senses, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the sister of sound senses, do? [Nothing, since she] is exempt, because she is his wife’s sister. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of [the sister who was] of sound senses, died, what should the deaf brother, the husband of [the sister who was] of sound senses, do? He must release his wife with a get, while his brother’s wife is forbidden forever [to marry again].",
+ "If two brothers of sound senses were married to two sisters one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, and the brother of sound senses, the husband of the deaf sister, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the sister who was of sound senses, do? [Nothing, since she is] exempt because she is his wife’s sister. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of the sister who was of sound senses, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the deaf sister, do? He must release his wife with a get and his brother’s wife by halitzah.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, were married to two sisters, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, and the deaf brother, the husband of the deaf sister, died, what should the brother who was of sound senses, the husband of the sister who was of sound senses, do? [Nothing, since she is] exempt because she is his wife’s sister. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of the sister who was of sound senses, died, what should the deaf brother, the husband of the deaf sister, do? He must release his wife with a get, while his brother’s wife is forever forbidden [to marry again].",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, were married to two strangers who were of sound senses, and the deaf brother, the husband of the woman who was of sound senses, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman of sound senses, do? He either performs halitzah or yibbum. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman who was of sound senses, died, what should the deaf brother, the husband of the woman who was of sound senses, do? He must marry her and he may never divorce her.",
+ "If two brothers of sound senses were married to two strangers, one of whom was of sound senses and the other deaf, and the brother of sound senses, the husband of the deaf woman died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman of sound senses, do? He must marries her and if he wishes to divorce her he may do so. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman of sound senses, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the deaf woman, do? He may either perform halitzah or yibbum.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, were married to two strangers, one of whom was deaf and the other of sound senses, and the deaf brother, the husband of the deaf woman, died, what should the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman of sound senses do? He must marry her, but if he wishes to divorce her he may do so. If the brother of sound senses, the husband of the woman of sound senses, died, what should the deaf brother, the husband of the deaf woman, do? He must marry her and he may never divorce her."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a woman and her husband went to a country beyond the sea [at a time when there was] peace between him and her and [when there was also] peace in the world, and she came back and said, “My husband is dead”, she may marry again; and if she said, “My husband is dead [and he had no children]” she may contract yibbum. If there was peace between him and her, but war in the world, [or if there was] discord between him and her, but peace in the world, and she came back and said, ‘My husband is dead”, she is not believed. Rabbi Judah says: she is never believed unless she comes weeping and her garments are rent. They said to him: she may marry in either case.",
+ "Bet Hillel says: we heard [such a tradition] only in respect of a woman who came from the harvest and [whose husband died] in the same country, and in a case similar to the one that happened. Bet Shammai said to them: [the law is] the same whether the woman came from the harvest or from olive picking, or from grape picking, or from one country to another--the Sages spoke of the harvest only [because the incident to which they referred] occurred then. Bet Hillel changed their view to rule in accordance with Bet Shammai.",
+ "Bet Shammai says: she may marry and she receives her ketubah. Bet Hillel says: she may marry but she does not receive her ketubah. Bet Shammai said to them: you have permitted [what might be] the serious consequence of illicit intercourse, why should you not permit [the taking of her husband’s] money which is of less consequence! Bet Hillel said to them: we find that based on her testimony, the brothers may not receive their inheritance. Bet Shammai said to them: do we not learn this from her ketubah scroll wherein [her husband] writes to her “if you are married to another man, you will receive what is prescribed for you”! Bet Hillel changed their view to rule in accordance with Bet Shammai.",
+ "All are believed to testify for her [concerning her husband’s death] except for her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her rival wife, her sister-in-law and her husband’s daughter. Why is [the bringing of] a letter of divorce different [from testifying regarding] death?The written document provides the proof. If one witness stated, “he is dead”, and his wife married again, and another came and stated “he is not dead”, she need not leave [her new husband]. If one witness said “he is dead” and two witnesses said “he is not dead”, even if she married again, she must leave him. If two witnesses stated, “he is dead”, and one witness stated, “he is not dead”, even if she had not married, she may do so.",
+ "If one wife said “he is dead’ and the other wife said, “he is not dead” , the one who said, “he is dead” may marry again and she also receives her ketubah, while the one who said, “he is not dead”, may neither marry again nor does she receive her ketubah. If one wife said, “he is dead” and the other stated “he was killed”: Rabbi Meir says: since they contradict one another they may not marry again. Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Shimon say: since both admit that he is not alive, both may marry again. If one witness says, “he is dead”, and another witness says “he is not dead’, Or if one woman says “he is dead”, and another woman says, “he is not dead’, she may not marry again.",
+ "If a woman and her husband went to a country beyond the sea, and she returned and stated, “my husband is dead”, she may be married again and she also receives her ketubah. However, her rival wife is forbidden to remarry.If [her rival wife] was the daughter of an Israelite [who was married] to a priest, she is permitted to eat terumah, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: this is not a way that would lead her away from transgression, unless [it be enacted that] she shall be forbidden both to marry and to eat terumah.",
+ "If she stated, “my husband died first and my father-in-law died after him”, she may marry again and she also receives her ketubah, but her mother-in-law is forbidden [to remarry]. If [her mother-in-law] was the daughter of an Israelite [who was married] to a priest, she is permitted to eat terumah, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: this is not a way that would lead her away from transgression, unless [it be enacted that] she shall be forbidden both to marry and to eat terumah. If a man betrothed one of five women and he does not know which of them he has betrothed, and each states, “he has betrothed me”, he gives a letter of divorce to every one of them, and he leaves one ketubah [sum] for them and withdraws, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: this is not a way that would lead him away from transgression, unless he gives to each of them both a get and a ketubah. If a man robbed one of five persons and does not know which of them he has robbed, and each one states, “he has robbed me”, he leaves the [amount of] the robbery among them and withdraws, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: this is not a way that would lead them away from transgression, unless one pays [the full amount of the robbery] to every one [of the persons involved].",
+ "A woman who went with her husband to a country beyond the sea, and her son was with her, and who came back and stated, “my husband died and afterwards my son died”, is believed. [If she stated] “my son died and afterwards my husband died”, she is not believed, but we are concerned that her words [might be true] and she must, therefore, perform halitzah but may not contract yibbum.",
+ "[If a woman states], “A son was given to me [while I was] in a country beyond the sea” and she also states, “my son died and afterwards my husband died”, she is believed. [If she states], “my husband died and afterwards my son died”, she is not believed, but we are concerned that her words [might be true] and she must, therefore, perform halitzah but may not contract yibbum.",
+ "[If a woman states] “a brother-in-law was given to me [while I was] in a country beyond the sea”, and afterwards she states, “my husband died and afterwards my brother-in-law died” or “my brother-in-law died and afterwards my husband died”, she is believed. If a woman and her husband and her brother-in-law went to a country beyond the sea, and she [on returning home] stated, “my husband died and afterwards my brother-in-law [died]” or “my brother-in-law [died] and afterwards my husband [died]” she is not believed; For a woman is not to be believed when she asserts “my brother-in-law is dead”, in order that she may marry again; Nor [is she believed when she states that] her sister is dead, in order that she may enter his house. A man also is not believed when he states “my brother is dead”, so that he may have yibbum with his wife, nor [when he states that] his wife is dead, in order that he may marry her sister."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A woman whose husband and rival wife went to a country beyond the sea, and to whom people came and said, “your husband is dead”, must neither marry nor contract yibbum until she has ascertained whether her rival wife is pregnant. If she had a mother-in-law she need not be concerned [she had another son]. But if [the mother-in-law] departed while pregnant she must be concerned [that another son was born]. Rabbi Joshua says: she need not be concerned.",
+ "Two sisters-in-law, one says, “My husband is dead”, and the other also says, “My husband is dead”, this one is forbidden on account of the husband of this one, and this one is forbidden on account of the husband of this one. If one had witnesses and the other had no witnesses, she who has the witnesses is forbidden, while she who has no witnesses is permitted. If the one has children and the other has no children, she who has children is permitted and she who has no children is forbidden. If they contracted yibbum, and the yevamim died, they are forbidden [to marry again]. Rabbi Elazar says: since they were permitted to marry the yevamim, they are subsequently permitted to marry any man.",
+ "They are allowed to testify only about the face with the nose, even though there were also marks on the man’s body or clothing. They are allowed to testify only when his soul has departed, even though they have seen him cut up or crucified or being devoured by a wild beast. They are allowed to testify only [if they saw the body] within three days [of death]. Rabbi Judah ben Baba says: not all men, all places, or all times are alike.",
+ "If a man fell into water, whether it had [a visible] end or not, his wife is forbidden [to marry again]. Rabbi Meir said: it once happened that a man fell into a large cistern and came out after three days. Rabbi Yose: it once happened that a blind man descended into a cave to immerse and his guide went down after him; and after waiting long enough for their souls to depart, permission was given to their wives to marry again. Another incident occurred at Asia where a man was lowered into the sea, and only his leg was brought up, and the Sages ruled: [if the recovered leg contained the part] above the knee [the man’s wife] may marry again, [but if it contained only the part] below the knee, she may not marry again.",
+ "Even if he only heard from women saying, “so-and-so is dead”, this is enough. Rabbi Judah says: even if he only heard children saying, “behold we are going to mourn for a man named so-and-so and to bury him” [it is enough]. Whether [such statement was made] with the intention [of providing evidence] or was made with no such intention [it is valid]. Rabbi Judah ben Bava says: with an Israelite [the evidence is valid] only if the man had the intention [of acting as witness]. In the case of a non-Jew the evidence is invalid if his intention was [to act as witness].",
+ "They may testify [even if the body was seen] in candle light or in moonlight. And a woman may be given permission to marry again on the evidence of a mere voice. It once happened that a man was standing on the top of a hill and cried, “so-and-so son of so-and-so from such-and-such a place is dead”, but when they went [to the top of the hill] they didn’t find anyone there. [Nevertheless], they allowed his wife to remarry. In another instance, at Zalmon a person declared, “I am so-and-so son of so-and-so; a snake has bitten me, and I am dying”; and when they went [to examine the corpse] they did not recognize him, they [nevertheless] allowed his wife to remarry.",
+ "Rabbi Akiva said: When I went down to Nehardea to intercalate the year, I met Nehemiah of Bet D’li who said to me, “I heard that in the land of Israel no one, permits a [married] woman to marry again on the evidence of one witness, except Rabbi Judah ben Bava”. “That is so”, I told him. He said to me, “Tell them in my name: ‘You know that this country is in confusion because of marauders. I have received a tradition from Rabban Gamaliel the Elder: that they allow a [married] woman to remarry on the evidence of one witness’”. And when I came and recounted the conversation in the presence of Rabban Gamaliel he rejoiced at my words and exclaimed, “We have found a match for Rabbi Judah ben Bava!” As a result of this talk Rabban Gamaliel remembered that some men were once killed at Tel Arza, and that Rabban Gamaliel the Elder had allowed their wives to marry again on the evidence of one witness, and the law was established that they allow a woman to marry again on the evidence of one witness, and on the testimony of one [who states that he has heard] from another witness, from a slave, from a woman or from a female slave. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua say: a woman is not be allowed to remarry on the evidence of one witness. Rabbi Akiva ruled: [a woman is not allowed to marry again] on the evidence of a woman, on that of a slave, on that of a female slave or on that of relatives. They said to him: It once happened that a number of Levites went to Tsoar, the city of palms, and one of them became ill on the way, and they left him in an inn. When they returned they asked the [female] innkeeper, “Where is our friend?” And she replied, “He is dead and I buried him”, and they allowed his wife to remarry. Should not then a priest’s wife [be believed at least as much] as an innkeeper!” He answered them: When she will [give such evidence] as the innkeeper [gave] she will be believed, for the innkeeper had brought out to them [the dead man’s] staff, his bag and the Torah scroll which he had with him."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d463cb0012c7cf713a02db1702db133ee673590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [],
+ [],
+ [],
+ [
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "What's the definition of a mamzer? [The offspring of a union with] someone who shares the same flesh who the Torah forbids to you, according to Rabbi Akiva. Shimon the Yemenite says, a mamzer is [the offspring resulting from] any [sexual] prohibition that carries the penalty of excision by the Hand of Heaven [\"kareit\"]. The halacha is according to Shimon the Yemenite. Rabbi Joshua says, any [offspring resulting from a union] where there is a penalty of death by the court. Rabbi Simon the son of Azai said, \"I found that it was written in the scroll where the courts would record the lineages of the families of Jerusalem that someone is a mamzer if he is the offspring of a married woman [and a man other than her husband], supporting the words of Rabbi Joshua. \n\nIf a man's wife died, he is permitted to marry her sister. If they divorced, and then the wife died, he is permitted to marry her sister. If [they divorced and] the wife married another, and then the former wife died, he is permitted to marry his former wife's sister. If he performed the ritual of yevamot with a woman, and that woman died, he is permitted to marry that woman's sister. If he performed the ritual of chalitza with a woman and then she died, he is permitted to marry that woman's sister."
+ ],
+ [],
+ [
+ "[If] one had relations with his Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her] he acquires [marries her thereby]. [This is so] whether he [had relations] unknowingly [he thought she was somebody else] or knowingly, by force [he was compelled by somebody else] or willingly. [This is so] even [if] he [acted] unknowingly and she [acted] knowingly, [or] he [acted] knowingly and she [acted] unknowingly, [or] he [acted] by force and she did not [act] by force, [or] she [acted] by force and he did not [act] by force. [This is so] whether he did not complete the intercourse or he did complete the intercourse. And it makes no difference whether there was [natural] relations or [unnatural] relations. ",
+ "Similarly, [if] one had relations with any of those with whom such unions are forbidden by the Torah, or with a woman who is disqualified for him - such as a widow to a High Priest or a divorced woman or a Chalutzah [a woman who performs Chalitzah] to a common priest, or a Mamzeret [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman] or a Netinah [a member of a caste of Temple servants historically descended from the Gibeonites] to a Jew, she is disqualified [from later marrying a priest]. And it makes no difference whether there was [natural] relations or [unnatural] relations. ",
+ "Once there has been betrothal of a widow to a High Priest, or of a divorced woman or a Chalutzah to a common priest, they [the women] may not eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon allow her [to eat Terumah]. If they [these women] become widowed or divorced [from these priests] following marriage they are disqualified [from marrying priests]; if they [become widowed or divorced] following betrothal they are permitted [to marry priests]. ",
+ "The High Priest may not marry a widow, either a widow from marriage or a widow from betrothal, and he may not marry a bogeret [a girl past the age of twelve years and six months]. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon allow him [to marry] a bogeret. He may not marry a woman [who is not a virgin due to being] wounded by a piece of wood [in her vagina]. [If] he has betrothed a widow and [subsequently] is elected High Priest, he may marry [her]. It once happened that Yehoshua ben Gamla betrothed Marta bat Baytos, and the king appointed him High Priest, and he married her. If a woman who was a Shomeret Yavam [the widow of a childless man whose brother-in-law has not yet married her nor released her from the obligation of Levirate marriage] was awaiting [Yibum - Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow] from a common priest and he was appointed High Priest, he may not marry her even if he's performed Ma’amar [semi-betrothal of a Yevama widow through money or a document]. [If] the brother of a High Priest dies he undergoes Chalitzah but does not perform Yibum.",
+ "A common priest may not marry an aiylonit [a woman with arrested sexual development who cannot bear children] unless he [already] has a wife and children. Rabbi Yehudah says: He may not marry an aiylonit even if he [already] has a wife and children because she is the zonah mentioned in the Torah. But the Sages say: By zonah the Torah refers to a convert, or a freed maidservant, or a woman who had licentious relations.",
+ "One may not abstain from procreation unless he [already] has children. Beit Shammai say: [One must have] two boys, and Beit Hillel say: [One must have] a boy and a girl, as it says, \"Male and female He created them\" (Bereishit 5:2). [If] one married a woman and waited for ten years and she did not bear children, he is not permitted to abstain [from his obligation]. [If] he divorced her she is permitted to marry somebody else, and the second [husband] is permitted to wait ten years with her. And if she miscarries he counts [ten years] from the point she miscarried. A man is commanded to procreate but a woman is not. Rabbi Yochanan ben Beroka says: It states to both of them, \"And God blessed them and He said to them... be fruitful and multiply\" (Bereishit 1:25)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "A fetus, a brother-in-law [who is required to fulfill yibum], a betrothal, a deaf mute and a boy nine days and one year old disqualify [a woman from eating teruma] but do not give them the right to eat, and [this is the case] even if it is unclear that he is nine years old and a day or unclear that he is not, or unclear if he has grown two pubic hairs or not. If a house collapses on a man and on his brother's daughter and it is unknown who died first, the rival must perform chalitza but does not contract levirate marriage.",
+ "The rapist, the seducer, and the mentally incompetent can neither deprive a woman of the right of eating terumah, nor can they grant the right upon her. If, however, they are unfit to enter into the assembly of Israel, they do deprive a woman of her right to eat terumah. How so? If an Israelite had relations with the daughter of a kohen, she may still continue to eat terumah. Iif she gets pregnant, she may no longer eat terumah. If the fetus was aborted in her womb, she may eat. But if she gave birth to a child, she may eat. The power of the son is thus greater than the father's power. A slave deprives a woman, due to his cohabitation, from eating terumah, but not as her offspring. How so? If the daughter of an Israelite was wed to a kohen, or if the daughter of a kohen was married to an Israelite, and she had a son by him, and that son went and violated a bondswoman who had a son by him, such a son is a slave. And if his paternal grandmother was a bat yisrael (daughter of an Israelite) married to a kohen (priest), she is not allowed to eat terumah. But if she were a bat kohen (priest's daughter) and married to an Israelite, she may eat terumah. A mamzer (bastard, illegitimate child) deprives a woman from eating terumah, and also bestows the privilege on her? How so? If an Israelite's daughter was married to a kohen, or a kohen's daughter was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter married a slave or idolater, and had a son by him, the son is a mamzer. If his maternal grandmother was a bat yisrael (daughter of an Israelite) married to a kohen, she may eat terumah. But if she was a kohen's daughter married to an Israelite, she may not eat terumah. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "An uncircumcised [priest] and all impure individuals [usually allowed to eat Terumah] may not eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]. Their wives and slaves may [nevertheless] eat Terumah. A priest \"injured by crushing\" or whose \"flow was cut off\" may eat [Terumah] as may their slaves, but their wives may not. But if he [the priest] did not have relations with her after he was injured by crushing or his flow was cut off she [his wife] may eat [Terumah]. ",
+ "Who is [considered] one \"injured by crushing\"? Anyone whose testicles were wounded, even if just one of them was. And [who is considered] one whose \"flow was cut off\"? One whose member was cut off. And if [any part] of the corona remained, even so much as a hair’s breadth, he is fit. A man whose testicles were wounded and one whose member was cut off are permitted [to marry] a convert or a freed maidservant. They are only forbidden to enter into the congregation [of Israel] as it is said, “One injured by crushing or whose flow is cut off may not enter the congregation of God” (Devarim 23:2). ",
+ "An Ammonite and a Moabite are forbidden [to enter into the congregation of Israel] and their prohibition is forever. However, their women are permitted immediately [following conversion]. Both male and female Egyptians and Edomites are forbidden only until the third generation. Rabbi Shimon permits their women immediately. Said Rabbi Shimon: This follows a fortiori reasoning: If in a case where males are forbidden forever the females are [nevertheless] permitted immediately [upon conversion], then in a case where males are forbidden only until the third generation how much more so should females be permitted immediately [upon conversion]. They [the Sages] said to him: If this is a received tradition we shall accept it, but if it is only a logical inference there is a refutation. He replied: No! I am in fact reporting a received tradition. Mamzerim [a Mamzer is the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman] and Netinim [a Netin is a member of a caste of Temple servants historically descended from the Gibeonites] are forbidden [from marrying into the nation] and their prohibition is forever. [This restriction bans] both males and females. ",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua said: I have heard that a eunuch undergoes Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] and that one undergoes Chalitzah for his wife; and that a eunuch does not undergo Chalitzah and that one does not undergo Chalitzah for his wife, but I am unable to explain this. Rabbi Akiva said: I will explain it: a man-eunuch [castrated by a person] undergoes Chalitzah and one undergoes Chalitzah for his wife because there was a time when he was fit [to have children]; a sun-eunuch [who was born that way] does not undergo Chalitzah nor does one undergo Chalitzah for his wife since there was never a time when he was fit. Rabbi Eliezer says: Not so! Rather, a sun-eunuch undergoes Chalitzah and one undergoes Chalitzah for his wife because because there is a cure; a man-eunuch does not undergo Chalitzah nor does one undergo Chalitzah for his wife since he has no cure. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Betiera testified concerning Ben Megusat who was a man-eunuch in Jerusalem and they performed Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow] for his wife, to uphold the opinion of Rabbi Akiva. ",
+ "The eunuch neither undergoes Chalitzah nor performs Yibum. Similarly, an aiylonit [a woman with arrested sexual development who cannot bear children] neither performs Chalitzah nor undergoes Yibum. [If] a eunuch underwent Chalitzah from his Yevama [a woman whose husband died childless and whose brother-in-law must marry or dismiss her] he does not disqualify her [from subsequently marrying a priest]. If he had relations with her he does disqualify her since this is licentious relations [because she is forbidden to him]. Similarly, [if] brothers underwent Chalitzah from aiylonit they do not disqualify her [from marrying a priest]. If they had relations with her they do disqualify her since this is licentious relations. ",
+ "[If] a priest who was a sun-eunuch married the daughter of an Israelite, he confers upon her the right to eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]. Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon said: [If] a priest who was an androginos [person with both male and female sexual organs. It is halachically uncertain whether such a person is male, female or, perhaps, has a uniquely defined halachic gender] married the daughter of an Israelite, he confers upon her the right to eat Terumah . Rabbi Yehudah said: [If] a tumtum [person with recessed sexual organs whose gender is therefore impossible to determine, presently, by external examination. It is halachically uncertain whether such a person is male or female] was torn and found to be male he may not undergo Chalitzah because he is like a eunuch. An androginosmay marry [a woman] but may not be married [to a man]. Rabbi Eliezer said: [If one has relations with] an androginos he is liable to be stoned like one [who has relations with] a male. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are women who are permitted to their husbands but who are forbidden to their Yevamim [a Yavam is one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage]. [There are] women who are permitted to their Yevamim but are forbidden to their husbands. [There are] women who are permitted to these and to these; and [there are] women who are forbidden to these and to these. And these are they who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their Yevamim: [The widow of] a common priest who married a widow [that is, she is a widow for the second time] and who has a brother who is a High Priest; [the widow of] a Chalal [the son of a priest and a woman whom the priest was forbidden to marry] who married a woman fit [to marry a priest] and who has fit brother [a priest]; [the widow of] an Israelite who married the daughter of an Israelite and who has a brother who is a Mamzer [the offspring of a severely prohibited union between a Jewish man and woman]; [the widow of] a Mamzer who married a Mamzeret [a female Mamzer] and who has an Israelite brother - these women are permitted to their husbands but are forbidden to their Yevamim.",
+ "And these are they who are permitted to their Yevamim but are forbidden to their husbands: [The widow of] a High Priest who betrothed a widow [that is, she is now a widow for the second time] and who has a brother who is a common priest; [the widow of] a fit priest who married a Chalalah [the daughter of a priest and a woman whom the priest was forbidden to marry] and who has a brother who is a Chalal; [the widow of] an Israelie who married a Mamzeret and who has a brother who is a Mamzer; [the widow of] a Mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite and who has a brother who is an Israelite - these women are permitted to their Yevamim but are forbidden to their husbands. [And these are] women who are forbidden to these and to these: [The widow of] a High Priest who married a widow and who has a brother who is a High priest or a common priest; [the widow of] a fit priest who married a Chalalahand who has a brother who is [also] fit; [the widow of] an Israelite who married a Mamzeret and who has a brother who is an Israelite; [the widow of] a Mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite and who has a brother who is a Mamzer — these women are forbidden to these and to these. And all other women are permitted to their husbands and to their Yevamim.",
+ "[With respect to] secondary [relatives whom one is forbidden to marry] due to rabbinic decree: [If] the woman is [related to the] secondary [degree] to the husband but is not secondary to the Yavam she is forbidden to the husband but is permitted to the Yavam; [if] she is secondary to the Yavam but is not secondary to the husband, she is forbidden to the Yavam but is permitted to the husband. [If] she is secondary to him and to him, she is forbidden to him and to him. [Such a woman] has [receives] no Ketubah [a monetary settlement payable to a woman upon divorce or the death of her husband], nor [repayment for the] usufruct [she brought into the marriage], nor maintenance, nor [repayment for the] deterioration [of her usufruct]; but the child [of a union with her] is fit [as a priest], and we compel him [the husband] to divorce her. These women have [receive] a Ketubah: A widow [married] to a High Priest; a divorced woman or a Chalutzah [a woman who performs Chalitzah, married] to a common priest; a Mamzeret or a Netinah [a member of a caste of Temple servants historically descended from the Gibeonites, married] to an Israelite; the daughter of an Israelite [married] to a Netin or to a Mamzer.",
+ "[If] the daughter of an Israelite is betrothed to a priest, or is pregnant by a priest, or is a Shomeret Yavam [the widow of a childless man whose brother-in-law has not yet married her nor released her from the obligation of Levirate marriage] to a priest, and similarly [if] the daughter of a priest [is betrothed] to an Israelite - she [these women] may not eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households]. [If] the daughter of an Israelite [is betrothed] to a Levite, or is pregnant by a Levite, or is a Shomeret Yavam to a Levite, and similarly the daughter of a Levite [betrothed] to an Israelite - she [these women] may not eat Ma'aser [Ma'aser Rishon is the first tithe of produce which must be given to the Levite]. [If] the daughter of a Levite is betrothed to a priest, or is pregnant by a priest, or is a Shomeret Yavam to a priest, and similarly [if] the daughter of a priest [is betrothed] to a Levite - she [these women] may not eat Terumah or Ma'aser. ",
+ "[If] the daughter of an Israelite is married to a priest she may eat Terumah. [If] he dies and she bore him a child, she may [still] eat Terumah. [If] she [subsequently] marries a Levite she may eat Ma'aser. [If] he [the Levite] dies and she bore him a child, she may [still] eat Ma'aser. [If] she [subsequently] married an Israelite, she may not eat Terumah or Ma'aser [anymore]. [If] he [the Israelite] dies and she bore him a son she may not eat Terumah or Ma'aser; [if] her son from the Israelite dies, she may eat Ma'aser [again]. [If then] her son from the Levite dies, she may eat Terumah [again]. [If then] her son from the priest dies she may not eat Terumah or Ma'aser [anymore].",
+ "[If] the daughter of a priest [is married] to an Israelite she may not eat Terumah. [If] he [the Israelite] dies and she bore him a son, she may [still] not eat Terumah. [If] she [subsequently] marries a Levite she may eat Ma'aser. [If] he [the Levite] dies and she bore him a son she may [still] eat Ma'aser. [If] she [subsequently] marries a priest she may eat Terumah. [If] he [the priest] dies and she bore him a son she may she may [still] eat Terumah. [If] her son from the priest dies, she may she may not eat Terumah [anymore]. [If] her son from the Levite dies she may not eat Ma'aser [anymore]. [If] her son from the Israelite dies she returns to her father's house, and about her it says, \"And she shall return to her father's house as in her youth, and shall eat of her father's bread,\" (Vayikra 22:13)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "A boy of the age of nine years and one day disqualifies [his sister-in-law for marriage] with his brothers, and his brothers disqualify her for him, but while he disqualifies her from the outset only, the brothers disqualify her from the outset and at the end. How is this so? A boy of the age of nine years and one day who had intercourse with his sister-in-law disqualifies her [for marriage] with his brothers; If the brothers had intercourse with her, or did ma’amar with her, or gave her a get or submitted to her chalitsah they have disqualified her for marriage with him. ",
+ "A boy of the age of nine years and one day who had intercourse with his dead brother's wife and then another brother who was of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with her, [the latter] disqualifies her for [the former]. Rabbi Shimon says: he does not disqualify. ",
+ "A boy of the age of nine years and one day who had intercourse with his dead brother's wife and afterwards had intercourse with her rival wife, he has disqualified [both women for marriage] with himself. Rabbi Shimon says: he does not disqualify them. A boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his dead brother's wife and then died, she must undergo chalitsah but may not be taken in Levirate marriage. If he had married [any other] woman and she subsequently died, she is exempt. ",
+ "A boy of the age of nine years and one day had intercourse with his dead husband's wife, and after he had come of age he married another woman and then died, if he had not known the first woman after he had become of age, the first one must have chalitsah but may not be taken in chalitsahmarriage, while the second may either have chalitsah or Levirate marriage. Rabbi Shimon says: he may perform Levirate marriage with whichever one he wants, and he must perform chalitsah for the other [woman]. [The same law applies] whether he is nine years and one day, or whether he is twenty years but had not produced two pubic hairs. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One may marry [the relatives of] a woman he has violated or has seduced; but one who violates or seduces [the relatives] of his married woman [that is, his wife] is liable. One may marry a woman who has been violated by his father or seduced by his father, or a woman who has been violated by his son or seduced by his son. Rabbi Yehudah forbids one [to marry] a woman who has been violated by his father or seduced by his father.",
+ "[If] the sons of a female convert converted with her [and one marries and then dies] they do not undergo Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage] nor do they perform Yibum [Levirate marriage wherein a man weds his childless brother's widow]. [This is so] even if the conception of the first [son took place] not in sanctity [before the mother's conversion] but his birth [took place] in sanctity [after her conversion], and the conception and birth of the second one took place in sanctity. [The law is] similar with a maidservant who was freed along with her sons. ",
+ "[If] the sons of five women [each of whom has an additional son] become mixed up [making their maternity unknown] and they attained majority [remaining] mixed up, and they married wives and died, four [of the surviving sons] undergo Chalitzah from one [Yevama] and one performs Yibum. He [the one who performed Yibum] and three others undergo Chalitzah from a different [second widow] and one performs Yibum. What emerges is four acts of Chalitzah and one act of Yibum for each one [woman].",
+ "[If] the son of a woman becomes mixed up with her daughter-in-law's son [and each woman has other sons] and they attained majority [remaining] mixed up, and they married and died, the [other] sons of the daughter-in-law undergo Chalitzah but do not perform Yibum since there is doubt whether she [each Yevama] is the wife of his brother or the wife of his father's brother. And the [other] sons of the grandmother either undergo Chalitzah or perform Yibum since there is doubt whether she [each Yevama] is the wife of his brother or the wife of his brother's son. [If] the fit [certain] sons die, the mixed up sons undergo Chalitzah from [the wives of] the grandmother's sons but do not perform Yibum since there is doubt whether she [each Yevama] is the wife of his brother or the wife of his father's brother, and [with regard to] the daughter-in-law's sons - one undergoes Chalitzah and one performs Yibum.",
+ "[If] the son of a woman [married to a] priest becomes mixed up with the son of her maidservant, they [both] may eat Terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation and may only be consumed by priests and their households], and they receive one share [of Terumah] at the threshing floor, and they may not become impure [through contact] with a corpse, and they may not marry women - either those eligible [to marry priests] or those ineligible [to marry priests]. [If] they attained majority [remaining] mixed up and freed each other, they may marry women fit [to marry into] the priesthood, and they may not become impure with a corpse - but if they do become impure with a corpse they do not endure the forty [lashes]. And they may not eat Terumah, but if they do they do not repay the principal or the fifth. And they do not receive a share [of Terumah] at the threshing floor, and they sell the Terumah [from their own crops to certain priests] and keep the revenue themselves. And they do not receive a share from the consecrated Temple items, nor do they give them consecrated things, and they do not take away their [sacrifices] from them, and they are exempt from the shoulder, and the cheeks and the maw [donations given to priests]. And his [each of their] firstborn [animals] grazes until it becomes blemished. Stringencies of priests and stringencies of Israelites are placed upon them. ",
+ "[If] a woman did not wait three months [to re-marry] after [the death of or divorce from] her husband, and bears a child, and it is uncertain whether the child was born [after] nine months from the first [husband], or [after] seven months from the second [lit. last husband, and the uncertain son married and died]: [If] she had sons from the first [husband] and sons from the second [husband], they [one from each group] undergo Chalitzah but do not perform Yibum. Similarly does he act for them [if one of the certain sons dies and the uncertain one survives] - he undergoes Chalitzah but does not perform Yibum. If he [the uncertain son] has brothers from the first [husband] and brothers from the second [husband] who are not from the same mother, he undergoes Chalitzah or performs Yibum, and [if he dies] one of them undergoes Chalitzah and one performs Yibum.",
+ "[If] one [of the two husbands of the woman with the uncertain child] is an Israelite and the other is a priest, the [uncertain] son may [only] marry a wife eligible for a priest. He may not become impure through [contact with] a corpse, but if he does become impure he does not endure the forty [lashes], and he may not eat Terumah, but if he does he does not repay the principal or the fifth. And he does not receive a share [of Terumah] at the threshing floor, and he sells the Terumah [from his own crops to certain priests] and keeps the revenue himself. And he does not receive a share from the consecrated Temple items, nor does he give them consecrated things, and they do not take away his [sacrifices] from him, and he is exempt from the shoulder, and the cheeks, and the maw [donations given to priests]. And his firstborn [animal] grazes until it becomes blemished. And stringencies of priests and stringencies of Israelites are placed upon him. [If] both [husbands] are priests, he [the uncertain son] has the status of an Onen [a person whose close relative has died but has not yet been buried] for them [if they die] and they have the status of an Onen for him [if he dies]. He may not become impure for them and they may not become impure for him. He does not inherit from them but they do inherit from him. He is exempt if he strikes either one or if he curses either one. And he participates in the priestly shift of this one and the priestly shift of this one. And he does not share [in either shift's portions], but if both [uncertain fathers] are in the same shift he does receive a portion. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "The Mitzvah of Chalitzah [the ceremony releasing the widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirate marriage, takes place before a court of] three judges, even if the three are laymen. If she performs Chalitzah with a shoe her Chalitzah is valid, but [if she used] a cloth slipper her Chalitzah is invalid. [If it was done] with a sandal which has a heel it is valid, but with no heel - it is not valid. [If she untied the shoe's straps] from the knee and below - her Chalitzah is valid, [but] if from the knee and above - her Chalitzah is invalid.",
+ "[If] she performed Chalitzah with a sandal which is not his [the Yavam - one upon whom has fallen the obligation to perform Levirate marriage], or with a sandal of wood, or with the left [sandal worn] on the right foot - her Chalitzah is valid. [If] she performed Chalitzah with [a sandal] which was too large [for him] but with which he was able to walk [anyway], or with one too small [for him], but which [nevertheless] covers most of his foot, her Chalitzah is valid. [If] she performed Chalitzah at night her Chalitzah is valid, but Rabbi Eliezer deems it invalid. [If] she performed Chalitzah on his left [foot] her Chalitzah is invalid, but R. Eliezer deems it valid.",
+ "[If] she performed Chalitzah and spat [before the Yavam], but did not read [the verses associated with the ceremony], her Chalitzah is valid. [If] she read [the text] and spat but did not perform Chalitzah [loosen his shoe] her Chalitzah is invalid. [If] she performed Chalitzah and read [the text] but did not spit - Rabbi Eliezer says: Her Chalitzah is invalid; [but] Rabbi Akiva says: Her Chalitzah is valid. Rabbi Eliezer said [interpreted the words], \"So shall it be done\" (Devarim 25:9), [implies that] all actions are critical. Rabbi Akiva said to him: [Will you bring] a proof from there? [Does the phrase not conclude with the words] \"So shall it be done to the man\" [which implies that only] actions done to the man [are critical, which excepts spitting].",
+ "[If] a deaf-mute [Yavam] underwent Chalitzah, or if a deaf-mute [Yevamah] performed Chalitzah, or if a [Yevamah] performed Chalitzah for a minor, her Chalitzah is invalid. [If] a minor [Yevama] performed Chalitzah, she must perform Chalitzah [again] when she attains majority. And if she does not perform Chalitzah [again] her Chalitzah is invalid.",
+ "[If] a [Yevamah] performed Chalitzah before [a court of] two, or [if] she performed Chalitzah before three but one of them is found to be a relative or ineligible [to serve as a judge] her Chalitzah is invalid. Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yochanan HaSandlar deem it valid. It happened once that a man underwent Chalitzah from a woman when they were alone in prison, and when the case came before Rabbi Rabbi Akiva, he deemed it valid.",
+ "The Mitzvah of Chalitzah [is as follows]: He [the Yavam] and his Yevamah come to a court and they advise him according to circumstances, for it is said, \"And the elders of his city shall call him, and speak to him,\" (Devarim 25:8), and she says, \"My husband's brother refuses to raise up for his brother a name in Israel; he will not perform for me the duty of a husband's brother\" (Devarim 25:7). And he says, \"I do not wish to take her\" (Devarim 25:8). And they would recite [these statements] in the Holy language [Hebrew]. \"Then shall the brother's wife approach him in the presence of the elders and loosen his shoe from his foot, and spit before him\" (Devarim 25:9) - spit that can be seen by the judges. \"And she shall respond and say, 'So shall it be done to the man who will not build up his brother's house'\" (Devarim 25:9). This is as far as they read, but when Rabbi Hurcanus had [the text] read under the terebinth in the village of Etam, and had the passage completed, it became customary to read the whole passage. \"And his name shall be called in Israel 'The house of him who had his shoe loosed'\", (Devarim 25:10). It is a Mitzvah upon the judges but it is not a Mitzvah upon the students. Rabbi Yehudah says: It is a Mitzvah upon all standing there to state, \"The man who had his shoe loosed! The man who had his shoe loosed! The man who had his shoe loosed!\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5ae73a5684bb6aa4768e4986816a2caa421913d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "FÜNFZEHN FRAUEN ENTBINDEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN UND DIE NEBENBUHLERINNEN IHRER NEBENBUHLERINNEN, BIS ANS ENDE DER WELT, VON DER ḤALIÇA UND DER SCHWAGEREHE: DIE TOCHTER, DIE TOCHTER SEINER TOCHTER, DIE TOCHTER SEINES SOHNES, DIE TOCHTER SEINER FRAU, DIE TOCHTER IHRES SOHNES, DIE TOCHTER IHRER TOCHTER, DIE SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DIE MUTTER SEINER SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DIE MUTTER SEINES SCHWIEGERVATERS, DIE SCHWESTER MÜTTERLICHERSEITS, DIE SCHWESTER SEINER MUTTER, DIE SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU, DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS MÜTTERLICHERSEITS, DIE FRAU SEINES NICHT GLEICHZEITIG MIT IHM GELEBT HABENDEN BRUDERS UND DIE SCHWIEGERTOCHTER. DIESE ALLE ENTBINDEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN UND DIE NEBENBUHLERINNEN IHRER NEBENBUHLERINNEN BIS ANS ENDE DER WELT VON DER ḤALIÇA UND DER SCHWAGEREHE. WENN VON ALL DIESEN EINE GESTORBEN IST, DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRTHAT, GESCHIEDEN ODER ALS STERIL BEFUNDEN WORDEN IST, SO SIND IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN ERLAUBT. BEI DER SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DER MUTTER SEINER SCHWIEGERMUTTER UND DER MUTTER SEINES SCHWIEGERVATERS IST VON STERILITÄT UND WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG NICHT ZU SPRECHEN.",
+ "WAS HEISST: ENTBINDEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN? WENN SEIN MIT SEINER TOCHTER ODER EINER ANDEREN ALL DIESER INZESTUÖSEN VERHEIRATETER BRUDER NOCH EINE ANDERE FRAU HATTE UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST GLEICH SEINER TOCHTER AUCH IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN ENTBUNDEN. WENN DIE NEBENBUHLERIN SEINER TOCHTER SICH MIT EINEM ZWEITEN, NOCH EINE ANDERE FRAU BESITZENDEN BRUDERVERHEIRATET UND DIESER DARAUF STIRBT, SO IST GLEICH DER NEBENBUHLERIN SEINER TOCHTER AUCH DIE NEBENBUHLERIN IHRER NEBENBUHLERIN ENTBUNDEN, SELBST WENN ES HUNDERTSIND. WAS HEISST: SIND SIE GESTORBEN, SO SIND IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN ERLAUBT? WENN SEINE TOCHTER ODER EINE ANDERE ALL DIESER INZESTUÖSEN MIT SEINEM NOCH EINE ANDERE FRAU BESITZENDEN BRUDER VERHEIRATET WAR UND GESTORBEN ODER GESCHIEDEN WORDEN IST, UND SEIN BRUDER NACHHER STIRBT, SO IST IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN ERLAUBT. WENN EINE ZUR WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG BERECHTIGTWAR UND DIES UNTERLASSEN HAT, SO IST AN IHRER NEBENBUHLERIN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "SECHS FRAUEN SIND INZESTUÖSER ALS JENE, WEIL SIE MIT FREMDEN VERHEIRATET WAREN, UND IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNENSIND ERLAUBT: DIE MUTTER, DIE FRAU SEINES VATERS, DIE SCHWESTER SEINES VATERS, DIE SCHWESTER VÄTERLICHERSEITS, DIE FRAU DES BRUDERS SEINES VATERS UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS VÄTERLICHERSEITS.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLAUBT. DIE NEBENBUHLERINNENDEN ANDEREN BRÜDERN, DIE SCHULE HILLELS VERBIETET SIE. IST AN IHNEN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN WORDEN, SOSIND SIE NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS FÜR PRIESTERUNGEEIGNET UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELSGEEIGNET; IST AN IHNEN DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN WORDEN, SO SIND SIENACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS GEEIGNET UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS UNGEEIGNET. UND OBGLEICH DIE EINEN VERBOTEN, WAS DIE ANDEREN ERLAUBTEN, DIE EINEN FÜR UNGEEIGNET ERKLÄRTEN, WAS FÜR DIE ANDEREN ALS GEEIGNET GALT, DENNOCH UNTERLIESSEN ES ANGEHÖRIGE DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS NICHT, FRAUEN AUS FAMILIEN DER SCHULE HILLELS, NOCH ANGEHÖRIGE DER SCHULE HILLELS, FRAUEN AUS FAMILIEN DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ZU HEIRATEN. EBENSO INBEZUG AUF REIN UND UNREIN; OBGLEICH DIE EINEN FÜR REIN ERKLÄRTEN, WAS FÜR DIE ANDEREN ALS UNREIN GALT, DENNOCH UNTERLIESSEN SIE ES NICHT, SICH BEI DER ZUBEREITUNG VON REINEN SPEISEN AUF EINANDER ZU VERLASSEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WIESO DIE FRAU SEINES NIGHT GLEICHZEITIG MIT IHM GELEBT HABENDEN BRUDERS? WENN VON ZWEI BRÜDERN EINER GESTORBEN IST, UND NACHDEM IHNEN NOCH EIN BRUDER GEBOREN WURDE DER ANDERE AN DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN HAT UND EBENFALLS GESTORBEN IST, SO IST DIE ERSTE FREI ALS FRAU SEINES NICHT GLEICHZEITIG MIT IHM GELEBT HABENDEN BRUDERS UND DIE ZWEITE ALS IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN. WENN ER NUR DIE EHEFORMEL AN SIE GERICHTET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DER ZWEITEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "WENN VON ZWEI BRÜDERN EINER GESTORBEN IST, UND NACHDEM DER ANDERE AN DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN HAT NOCH EIN BRUDER GEBOREN WORDEN UND DARAUF AUCH DER ANDERE GESTORBEN IST, SO IST DIE ERSTE FREI ALS FRAU SEINES NICHT GLEICHZEITIG MIT IHM GELEBT HABENDEN BRUDERS UND DIE ZWEITE ALS IHRE NEBENBULEHRIN. WENN ER NUR DIE FORMEL AN SIE GERICHTET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DER ZWEITEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ERVOLLZIEHE BELIEBIG AN EINER VON IHNEN DIE SCHWAGEREHE ODER AN EINER VON IHNEN DIE ḤALIÇA.",
+ "SIE SAGTEN EINE REGEL HINSICHTLICH DER SCHWÄGERIN: IST SIE WEGEN INZESTES VERBOTEN, SO IST AN IHR WEDER DIE ḤALIÇA NOCH DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN; IST SIE WEGEN EINES GEBOTES ODER DER STANDESHEILIGKEIT VERBOTEN, SO IST AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN; IST DIE SCHWÄGERIN IHRESCHWESTER, SO IST AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHEZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "WEGEN EINES GEBOTES VERBOTEN: DIE NACH DEN SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN ZWEITGRADIG WEGEN DER STANDESHEILIGKEIT VERBOTEN: EINE WITWE DEM HOCHPRIESTER, EINE GESCHIEDENE ODER ḤALUÇA EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER, EIN HURENKIND ODER EINE NETHINAEINEM JISRAÉLITEN, EINE JISRAÉLITIN EINEM NATHIN ODER EINEM HURENKINDE.",
+ "WENN JEMAND IRGEND EINEN BRUDER HAT, SO VERPFLICHTET DIESER DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS ZUR SCHWAGEREHE, UND ER GILT IN JEDER HINSICHT ALS SEIN BRUDER; AUSGENOMMEN EINER VON EINER SKLAVIN ODER EINER NICHTJÜDIN. WENN JEMAND IRGEND EINEN SOHN HAT, SO ENTBINDET DIESER DIE FRAU SEINES VATERS VON DER SCHWAGEREHE, FERNER IST ER WEGEN SCHLAGENS UND FLUCHENSSCHULDIG, UND ER GILT IN JEDER HINSICHT ALS SEIN SOHN; AUSGENOMMEN IST EINER VON EINER SKLAVIN ODER EINER NICHTJÜDIN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SICH EINE VON ZWEI SCHWESTERN ANGETRAUTUND NICHT WEISS, WELCHE VON IHNEN ER SICH ANGETRAUT HAT, SO GEBE ER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF DER EINEN UND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF DER ANDEREN. STIRBT ER UND HINTERLÄSST EINEN BRUDER, SO VOLLZIEHE DIESER DIE ḤALIÇA AN BEIDEN; WENN ZWEI, SO VOLLZIEHE EINER DIE ḤALIÇAUND DER ANDERE DIE SCHWAGEREHE; HABEN SIE SICH BEEILT UND SIE GENOMIMEN, SO BRINGE MAN SIE NICHT AUS IHREM BESITZE.",
+ "WENN ZWEI SICH ZWEI SCHWESTERN ANGETRAUT HABEN UND DER EINE NICHT WEISS, WELCHE ER SICH ANGETRAUT HAT, UND DER ANDERE NICHT WEISS, WELCHE ER SICH ANGETRAUT HAT, SO GEBE DER EINE ZWEI SCHEIDEBRIEFEUND DER ANDERE ZWEI SCHEIDEBRIEFE. WENN BEIDE STERBEN UND JEDER EINEN BRUDER HINTERLÄSST, SO VOLLZIEHE DER EINE DIE ḤALIÇA AN BEIDEN UND DER ANDERE DIE ḤALIÇA AN BEIDEN; WENN EINER EINEN UND DER ANDERE ZWEI, SO VOLLZIEHE DER EINE DIE ḤALIÇA AN BEIDEN, UND VON DEN ZWEIEN VOLLZIEHE EINER DIE ḤALIÇAUND DER ANDERE DIE SCHWAGEREHE; HABEN SIE SICH BEEILT UND SIE GENOMMEN, SO BRINGE MAN SIE NICHT AUS IHREM BESITZE. WENN EINER ZWEI UND DER ANDERE ZWEI, SO VOLLZIEHE EIN BRUDER DES EINEN DIE ḤALIÇA AN DER EINEN UND EIN BRUDER DES ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA AN DER ANDEREN, SODANN VOLLZIEHE DER ANDERE BRUDER DES EINEN DIE SCHWAGEREHE AN DER ḤALUÇADES ANDEREN, UND DER ANDERE BRUDER DES ANDEREN DIE SCHWAGEREHE AN DER ḤALUÇA DES ERSTEN; HABEN BEIDE SICH BEEILT UND DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO DÜRFEN NICHT BEIDE DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZIEHEN, VIELMEHR VOLLZIEHE EINER DIE ḤALIÇA UND DER ANDERE DIE SCHWAGEREHE; HABEN SIE SICH BEEILT UND SIE GENOMMEN, SO BRINGE MAN SIE NICHT AUS IHREM BESITZE.",
+ "DAS GEBOT, DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, LIEGT DEM ÄLTESTEN OB; IST IHM DER JÜNGERE ZUVORGEKOMMEN, SO HAT ER GEWONNEN. WENN EINEM DER UMGANG MIT EINER SKLAVIN NACHGESAGT, UND SIE FREIGELASSEN, MIT EINER NICHTJÜDIN, UND SIE PROSELYTIN WIRD, SO DARF ER SIE NICHT NEHMEN; HAT ER SIE GENOMMEN, SO BRINGE MAN SIE NICHT AUS SEINEM BESITZE. WENN EINEM DER UMGANG MIT EINER EHEFRAU NACHGESAGT WIRD, UND MAN SIE ENTFERNTHAT, SO MUSS ER SIE, SELBST WENN ER SIE BEREITS GENOMMEN HAT, ENTFERNEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDEBRINGT UND BEKUNDET, ER SEI VOR IHM GESCHRIEBEN UND VOR IHM UNTERZEICHNET WORDEN, SO DARF ER DESSEN FRAU NICHT HEIRATEN; WENN: ER IST GESTORBEN, ICH HABE IHN ERSCHLAGEN, ODER: WIR HABEN IHN ERSCHLAGEN, SO DARF ER DESSEN FRAU NICHT HEIRATEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, BEKUNDET ER: ICH HABE IHN ERSCHLAGEN, SO DARF DESSEN FRAU NICHT HEIRATEN, WENN ABER: WIR HABEN IHN ERSCHLAGEN, SO DARF DESSEN FRAU HEIRATEN.",
+ "WENN EIN GELEHRTER EINE FRAU WEGEN EINES GELÜBDESIHREM MANNE VERBOTEN HAT, SO DARF ER SIE NIGHTHEIRATEN. WENN EINE FRAU VOR IHM DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRT ODER DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT, SO DARF ER SIE HEIRATEN, WEIL DIES VOR GERICHT ERFOLGT. WENN SIE ALLEFRAUEN HATTENUND DIESE GESTORBEN SIND, SO DÜRFEN SIE JENEHEIRATEN; EBENSO DÜRFEN SIE JENE HEIRATEN, WENN SIE SICH MIT ANDEREN VERHEIRATET HATTEN UND GESCHIEDEN ODER VERWITWET WORDEN SIND; DESGLEICHEN SIND SIE ALLE IHREN SÖHNEN UND IHREN BRÜDERN ERLAUBT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN VON VIER BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN, UND DIE MIT DEN SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN GESTORBEN SIND, SO IST AN DIESEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. HABEN JENE SIE VOREILIG GEHEIRATET, SO MÜSSEN SIE SIE ENTFERNEN. R. ELEA͑ZAR SAGT, DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS LEHRE, SIE DÜRFEN SIE BEHALTEN, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS LEHRE, SIE MÜSSEN SIE ENTFERNEN.",
+ "IST EINE VON IHNEN EINEM WEGEN INZESTES VERBOTEN, SO IST IHM DIESE VE WENN VON VIER BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN, UND DIE MIT DEN SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN GESTORBEN SIND, SO IST AN DIESEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. HABEN JENE SIE VOREILIG GEHEIRATET, SO MÜSSEN SIE SIE ENTFERNEN. R. ELEA͑ZAR SAGT, DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS LEHRE, SIE DÜRFEN SIE BEHALTEN, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS LEHRE, SIE MÜSSEN SIE ENTFERNEN. RBOTEN UND IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT, DEM ANDEREN ABER SIND BEIDE VERBOTEN. IST SIE IHM WEGEN EINES GEBOTES ODER WEGEN DER STANDESHEILIGKEIT VERBOTEN, SO IST AN IHNEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREIDS ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "IST EINE VON IHNEN DEM EINEN UND DIE ANDERE DEM ANDEREN WEGEN INZESTES VERBOTEN, SO IST DIE DEM EINEN VERBOTENE DEM ANDEREN ERLAUBT, UND DIE DEM ANDEREN VERBOTENE JENEM ERLAUBT. DAS IST [DER FALL], HINSICHTLICH DESSEN SIE GESAGT HABEN: IST DIE SCHWÄGERIN IHRE SCHWESTER, SO IST AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN, ODER EINER FRAU UND IHRER TOCHTER, ODER EINER FRAU UND DER TOCHTER IHRER TOCHTER, ODER EINER FRAU UND DER TOCHTER IHRES SOHNES VERHEIRATET WAREN, SO IST AN IHNENDIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN; R. ŠIMO͑N ENTBINDET SIE. IST IHM EINE VON IHNEN WEGEN INZESTES VERBOTEN, SO IST IHM DIESE VERBOTEN UND IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT; WENN WEGEN EINES GEBOTES ODER WEGEN DER STANDESHEILIGKEIT, SO IST AN IHNEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER LEDIG IST, UND NACHDEM DER LEDIGE NACH DEM TODE DES EINEN MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN BRUDERS AN DIE WITWE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET HAT, AUCH DER ZWEITE BRUDER GESTORBEN IST, SO BLEIBE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SEINE FRAUBEI IHM, UND DIE ANDERE GEHE ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREIAUS; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ER ENTFERNE SEINE FRAU DURCH SCHEIDEBRIEF UND ḤALIÇA, UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DURCH ḤALIÇA. DAS IST DER FALL, WORÜBER SIE SAGTEN: WEHE IHM WEGEN SEINER FRAU, WEHE IHM WEGEN DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS!",
+ "WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER MIT EINER FREMDEN, UND EINER DER MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN GESTORBEN IST, UND DER MIT DER FREMDEN VERHEIRATETE SEINE FRAU GENOMMEN HAT UND EBENFALLS GESTORBEN IST, SO GEHT DIE ERSTE FREI AUS ALS SCHWESTER DER FRAU UND DIE ANDERE ALS IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN. WENN ER AN SIE NUR DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DER FREMDEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER MIT EINER FREMDEN, UND DER MIT DER FREMDEN VERHEIRATETE GESTORBEN IST, UND EINER DER MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN SEINE FRAU GENOMMEN HAT UND EBENFALLS GESTORBEN IST, SO GEHT DIE ERSTEFREI AUS ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU UND DIE ANDERE ALS IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN. WENN ER AN SIE NUR DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DER FREMDEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER MIT EINER FREMDEN, UND EINER DER MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN GESTORBEN IST, UND DER MIT DER FREMDEN VERHEIRATETE SEINE FRAU GENOMMEN HAT, UND DARAUF DIE FRAU DES ANDEREN UND SPÄTER AUCH DER MIT DER FREMDEN VERHEIRATETE GESTORBEN IST, SO IST SIE IHMFÜR IMMER VERBOTEN, WEIL SIE IHM EINE STUNDE VERBOTEN WAR. WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER MIT EINER FREMDEN, UND EINER DER MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN SICH VON SEINER FRAU GESCHIEDEN, WORAUF DER MIT DER FREMDEN VERHEIRATETE GESTORBEN IST, UND DER GESCHIEDENE DIESE GENOMMEN HAT UND EBENFALLS GESTORBEN IST, SO IST DIES DER FALL, HINSICHTLICH DESSEN SIE GESAGT HABEN, DASS, WENN SIE GESTORBEN ODER GESCHIEDEN WORDEN SIND, IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN ERLAUBT SIND.",
+ "IST BEI JENEN ALLENDIE ANTRAUUNG ODER DIE SCHEIDUNG ZWEIFELHAFT, SO IST AN IHREN NEBENBUHLERINNEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NIGHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. WIESO DIE ANTRAUUNG ZWEIFELHAFT? WENN ER IHR DIE ANTRAUUNGSURKUNDEZUGEWORFEN UND ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB SIE IHM ODER IHR NÄHER WAR; DIES IST EINE ZWEIFELHAFTEANTRAUUNG. WIESO DIE SCHEIDUNG ZWEIFELHAFT? WENN DER SCHEIDEBRIEF MIT SEINER HAND GESCHRIEBEN IST, JEDOCH KEINE ZEUGEN UNTERZEICHNET SIND, WENN ZEUGEN UNTERZEICHNET SIND, JEDOCH KEIN DATUM VORHANDEN IST, WENN EIN DATUM VORHANDEN IST, JEDOCH NUR EIN ZEUGE UNTERZEICHNET IST; DIES IST EINE ZWEIFELHAFTE SCHEIDUNG.",
+ "WENN DREI BRÜDER DREI EINANDER FREMDE GEHEIRATET HABEN UND EINER VON IHNEN GESTORBEN IST, UND DARAUF DER ANDERE AN DIE WITWE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET HAT UND EBENFALLS GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN IHNENDIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DENN ES HEISST:und einer von ihnen stirbt, so komme ihr Schwager zu ihr, DIE AN EINEN SCHWAGER GEBUNDEN IST, NIGHT ABER, DIE AN ZWEI SCHWÄGER GEBUNDEN IST. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ER VOLLZIEHE DIE SCHWAGEREHE BELIEBIG AN EINER VON IHNEN UND DIE ḤALIÇA AN DER ANDEREN. WENN ZWEI BRÜDER MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN, UND EINER VON IHNEN UND DARAUF DIE FRAU DES ANDEREN GESTORBEN IST, SO IST IHM DIESE FÜR IMMER VERBOTEN, WEIL SIE IHM EINE STUNDE VERBOTEN WAR.",
+ "WENN ZWEI SICH ZWEI FRAUEN ANGETRAUT UND BEIM EINTRITT UNTER DEN TRAUBALDACHIN DIESE MIT EINANDER VERTAUSCHT HABEN, SO SIND SIE WEGEN BEIWOHNUNG EINES EHEWEIBES SCHULDIG; SIND ES BRÜDER, AUCH WEGEN DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS; SIND ES SCHWESTERN, AUCH WEGEN DER SCHWESTER SEINER Frau; WAREN SIE MENSTRUIERENDE, AUCH WEGEN EINER MENSTRUIERENDEN. MAN LASSE SIE DREI MONATE GETRENNT BLEIBEN, WEIL SIE VIELLEICHT SCHWANGER SIND; SIND ES MINDERJÄHRIGE UND NICHT GEBURTSFÄHIG, SO LASSE MAN SIE SOFORT ZURÜCKKEHREN, SIND ES PRIESTERSTÖCHTER, SO SIND SIE FÜR DIE HEBE UNGEEIGNET."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND AN SEINER SCHWÄGERIN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT, UND ES SICH ERGIBT, DASS SIE SCHWANGER WAR, UND SIE GEBIERT, SO SIND, WENN DAS KIND LEBENSFÄHIG IST, IHM IHRE VERWANDTEN UND IHR SEINE VERWANDTEN ERLAUBT, AUCH HAT ER SIE FÜR DEN PRIESTERSTAND NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; IST DAS KLND NICHT LEBENSFÄHIG, SO SIND IHM IHRE VERWANDTEN UND IHR SEINE VERWANDTEN VERBOTEN, AUCH HAT ER SIE FÜR DEN PRIESTERSTAND UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINE SCHWÄGERIN GENOMMEN HAT, UND ES SICH ERGIBT, DASS SIE SCHWANGER WAR, UND SIE GEBIERT, SO MUSS ER SIE, WENN DAS KIND LEBENSFÄHIG IST, ENTFERNEN, AUCH SIND SIE ZU EINEM SÜNDOPFER VERPFLICHTET; IST DAS KIND NICHT LEBENSFÄHIG, SO BEHALTE ER SIE. IST ES ZWEIFELHAFT, OB ES EIN NEUNMONATSKIND VOM ERSTEN ODER EIN SIEBENMONATSKIND VOM ANDEREN IST, SO MUSS ER SIE ENTFERNEN, DAS KIND IST UNBEMAKELT, UND SIE SIND ZU EINEM SCHWEBESCHULDOPFER VERPFLICHTET.",
+ "WENN DER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE GÜTER ZUGEFALLENSIND, SO DARF SIE SIE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, RECHTSKRÄFTIG VERKAUFEN UND VERSCHENKEN. WAS GESCHIEHT, WENN SIE STIRBT, MIT IHRER MORGENGABE UND DEN MIT IHR EIN UND AUSGEHENDENGÜTERN? DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DIE ERBEN DES EHEMANNESTEILEN MIT DEN ERBEN IHRES VATERS, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, DIE GÜTER BLEIBEN BEI IHREN BESITZERN: DIE MORGENGABE IM BESITZE DER ERBEN DES EHEMANNES, UND DIE MIT IHR EIN- UND AUSGEHENDEN GÜTER IM BESITZE DER ERBEN IHRES VATERS",
+ "HAT ER SIE GENOMMEN, SO GILT SIE IN JEDER HINSICHT ALS SEINE FRAU, NUR DASS IHRE MORGENGABE DIE GÜTER IHRES ERSTEN MANNES BELASTEN.",
+ "DAS GEBOT, DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, LIEGT DEM ÄLTESTEN OB ; WILL ER NICHT, SO WENDE MAN SICH AN ALLE ÜBRIGEN BRÜDER. WOLLEN AUCH DIESE NICHT, SO WENDE MAN SICH ZURÜCK AN DEN ÄLTESTEN UND SPRECHE ZU IHM: DIR LIEGT DAS GEBOT OB; VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE",
+ "VERWEIST ER AUF EINEN MINDERJÄHRIGEN, BIS ER GROSSJÄHRIGWIRD, ODER AUF EINEN ÄLTEREN BRUDER, BIS ER AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE HEIMKEHRT, ODER AUF EINEN TAUBEN ODER BLÖDEN, SO HÖRE MAN NICHT AUF IHN, VIELMEHR SPRECHE MAN ZU IHM: DIR LIEGT DAS GEBOT OB; VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "WER AN SEINER SCHWÄGERIN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT, GLEICHT HINSICHTLICH DES ERBANTEILSJEDEM ANDEREN DER BRÜDER; IST EIN VATERVORHANDEN, SO GEHÖREN DIE GÜTER DEM VATER. WER SEINE SCHWÄGERIN GENOMMEN HAT, ERWIRBT DIE GÜTER SEINES BRUDERS. R. JEHUDA SAGT, OB SO ODER SO GEHÖREN, WENN EIN VATER VORHANDEN IST, DIE GÜTER DEM VATER. WENN JEMAND AN SEINER SCHWÄGERIN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT, SO SIND IHM IHRE VERWANDTEN UND IHR SEINE VERWANDTEN VERBOTEN. IHM SIND IHRE MUTTER, DIE MUTTER IHRER MUTTER, DIE MUTTER IHRES VATERS, IHRE TOCHTER, DIE TOCHTER IHRER TOCHTER, DIE TOCHTER IHRES SOHNES UND IHRE SCHWESTER, SOLANGEJENE LEBT, VERBOTEN; DEN BRÜDERN SIND SIE ERLAUBT. IHR SIND SEIN VATER, DER VATER SEINES VATERS, DER VATER SEINER MUTTER, SEIN SOHN, DER SOHN SEINES SOHNES, SEIN BRUDER UND DER SOHN SEINES BRUDERS VERBOTEN. DIE VERWANDTE DER NEBENBUHLERIN SEINER ḤALUÇA IST ERLAUBT, ABER DIE NEBENBUHLERIN DER VERWANDTEN SEINER ḤALUÇA VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND AN SEINER SCHWÄGERIN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, UND SEIN BRUDER IHRE SCHWESTER GEHEIRATET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DIESER DIE ḤALIÇA UND NIGHT DIE SGHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. EBENSO IST, WENN JEMAND SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN LIESS, UND SEIN BRUDER IHRE SCHWESTER GEHEIRATET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, DIESE ENTBUNDEN",
+ "WENN EIN BRUDER SICH DIE SCHWESTER DER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE ANGETRAUT HAT, SO SPRECHE MAN, WIE SIE IM NAMEN DES R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA SAGTEN, ZU IHM : WARTE BIS DEIN BRUDER DIE HANDLUNGVOLLZOGEN HAT. HAT DER BRUDER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN ODER SIE GENOMMEN, SO NEHME ER SEINE FRAU. STIRBT DIE SCHWÄGERIN, SO DARF ER SEINE FRAU NEHMEN. STIRBT DER SCHWAGER, SO ENTFERNE ER SEINE FRAU DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND ENTBINDE DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DURCH DIE ḤALIÇA.",
+ "AN DER SCHWÄGERIN IST DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE NICHT VOR ABLAUF VON DREI MONATENZU VOLLZIEHEN. DESGLEICHEN DÜRFEN ALLE ANDEREN FRAUEN ERST NACH ABLAUF VON DREI MONATEN SICH VERLOBEN ODER VERHEIRATEN, EINERLEI OB JUNGFRAUEN ODER DEFLORIERTE, OB GESCHIEDENE ODER WITWEN, OB VERHEIRATETE ODER VERLOBTE. R. JEHÜDA SAGT, VERHEIRATETE DÜRFEN SICH SOFORT VERLOBEN UND VERLOBTE AUCH VERHEIRATEN, AUSGENOMMEN VERLOBTE IN JUDÄA, WEIL ER MIT IHRVERTRAUT IST. R. JOSE SAGT, JEDE FRAU DÜRFE SICH SOFORT VERLOBEN, AUSGENOMMEN DIE WITWE, WEGEN DER TRAUER.",
+ "WENN VIER BRÜDER MIT VIER FRAUEN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND GESTORBEN SIND, SO DARF DER ÄLTESTE, WENN ER WILL, DIE SCHWAGEREHE AN ALLEN VOLLZIEHEN. WENN JEMAND MIT ZWEI FRAUEN VERHEIRATET WAR UND GESTORBEN IST, SO ENTBINDET DIE BEIWOHNUNG ODER DIE ḤALIÇA DER EINEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN. IST EINE GEEIGNET UND EINE UNGEEIGNET, SO SOLL ER, WENN ER DIE ḤALIÇAVOLLZIEHT, DIES AN DER UNGEEIGNETEN, UND WENN ER DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZIEHT, DIES AUCH AN DER GEEIGNETEN TUN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINE GESCHIEDENE WIEDERGENOMMENODER SEINE ḤALUÇA ODER DIE VERWANDTE SEINER ḤALUÇA GEHEIRATET HAT, SO ENTFERNTE ER SIE, UND DAS KIND IST EIN HURENKIND – SO R. A͑QIBA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS KIND SEI KEIN HURENKIND. JEDOCH PFLICHTEN SIE BEI, DASS, WENN JEMAND DIE VERWANDTE SEINER GESCHIEDENEN GEHEIRATET HAT, DAS KIND EIN HURENKIND SEI.",
+ "HURENKIND IST DER VON VERWANDTEN ABSTAMMENDE, DEREN VERKEHR MIT EINEM VERBOTE BELEGT IST – SO R. A͑QIBA. ŠIMO͑N DER TEMANITE SAGT, WEGEN DESSEN MAN SICH DER HIMMLISCHEN AUSROTTUNG SCHULDIG MACHT, UND DIE HALAKHA IST NACH IHM ZU ENTSCHEIDEN. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, WEGEN DESSEN MAN SICH DER GERICHTLICHEN TODESSTRAFE SCHULDIG MACHT. R. ŠIMO͑N B. A͑ZAJ SAGTE : ICH FAND IN JERUŠALEM EINE GESCHLECHTSROLLE, UND IN DIESER STAND GESCHRIEBEN: «N. IST HURENKIND VON EINEM EHEWEIBE.» ZUR BESTÄTIGUNG DER WORTE JEHOŠUA͑S. WENN EINEM SEINE FRAU STIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT; WENN ER SICH VON IHR SCHEIDEN LIESS UND SIE DARAUF STIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT; WENN SIE EINEN ANDEREN GEHEIRATET HAT UND DARAUF STIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT. WENN EINEM SEINE SCHWÄGERINSTIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT. WENN ER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT UND SIE DARAUF STIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT; WENN SIE EINEN ANDEREN GEHEIRATET HAT UND DARAUF STIRBT, SO IST IHM IHRE SCHWESTER ERLAUBT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. GAMLIÉL SAGT, ES GEBE KEINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF NACH EINEM SCHEIDEBRIEFE, KEINE EHEFORMEL NACH EINER EHEFORMEL, KEINE BEIWOHNUNG NACH EINER BEIWOHNUNG UND KEINE ḤALIÇA NACH EINER ḤALIÇA. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ES GEBE EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF NACH EINEM SCHEIDEBRIEFE UND EINE EHEFORMEL NACH EINER EHEFORMEL, JEDOCH NICHTS MEHR NACH DER BEIWOHNUNG UND NACH DER ḤALIÇA .",
+ "UND ZWAR: HAT JEMAND AN SEINE SCHWÄGERIN DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN, SO BENÖTIGT SIE VON IHM DER ḤALIÇA; HAT ER AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BENÖTIGT SIEVON IHM EINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES ; HAT ER AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND IHR BEIGEWOHNT, SO ENTSPRICHT DIES DER VORSCHRIFT.",
+ "HAT ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, SO BENÖTIGT SIEEINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES UND DER ḤALIÇA; HAT ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND IHR BEIGEWOHNT, SO BENÖTIGT SIEEINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES UND DER ḤALIÇA; HAT ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BESTEHT NACH DER ḤALIÇA NICHTS MEHR ; HAT ER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN UND DARAUF AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER IHR BEIGEWOHNT, ODER HAT ER IHR BEIGEWOHNT UND DARAUF AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BESTEHT NACH DER ḤALIÇANICHTS MEHR. EINERLEI, OB EINE SCHWÄGERIN UND EIN SCHWAGER ODER ZWEI SCHWÄGERINNEN UND EIN SCHWAGER.",
+ "UND ZWAR: HAT ER DIE EHEFORMEL AN DIE EINE GERICHTET UND DIE EHEFORMEL AN DIE ANDEREGERICHTET, SO BENÖTIGEN SIEZWEIER SCHEIDEBRIEFE UND DER ḤALIÇA; AN DIE EINE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND DER ANDEREN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN, SO BENÖTIGT EINEEINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES UND EINE DER ḤALIÇA; AN DIE EINE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND DER ANDEREN BEIGEWOHNT, SO BENÖTIGEN BEIDE EINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES UND EINE DER ḤALIÇA; AN DIE EINE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET UND AN DER ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BENÖTIGT DIE ERSTEEINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES ; DER EINEN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND DER ANDEREN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN, SO BENÖTIGT EINE VON IHNENDER ḤALIÇA; DER EINEN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND DER ANDEREN BEIGEWOHNT, SO BENÖTIGT DIESE EINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES UND DER ḤALIÇA; DER EINEN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND AN DIE ANDERE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, SO BENÖTIGT DIESE EINES SCHEIDE-BRIEFES UND JENE DER ḤALIÇA ; DER EINEN EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND AN DER ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BESTEHT NACH DER ḤALIÇANICHTS MEHR",
+ "HAT ER AN DER EINEN UND AN DER ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, ODER AN DER EINEN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN UND AN DIE ANDERE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER IHR BEIGEWOHNT, ODER DER EINEN UND DER ANDEREN BEIGEWOHNT, ODER DER EINEN BEIGEWOHNT UND AN DIE ANDERE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BESTEHT NACH DER ḤALIÇANICHTSMEHR . EINERLEI, OB EIN SCHWAGER UND ZWEI SCHWÄGERINNEN ODER ZWEI SCHWÄGER UND EINE SCHWÄGERIN.",
+ "HAT ER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN UND DARAUF AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER IHR BEIGEWOHNT, ODER HAT ER IHR BEIGEWOHNT UND DARAUF AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN ODER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO BESTEHT NACH DER ḤALIÇA NICHTS MEHR, EINERLEI OB SIE ZUERST, DAZWISCHENODER ZULETZT ERFOLGT IST. NACH DER BEIWOHNUNG BESTEHT, WENN SIE ZUERST ERFOLGT IST, NICHTS MEHR, WENN ABER DAZWISCHEN ODER ZULETZT, SO BLEIBT ETWASZURÜCK. R. NEḤEMJA SAGT, SOWOHL NACH DER BEIWOHNUNG ALS AUCH NACH DER ḤALIÇA, OB ZUERST, DAZWISCHEN ODER ZULETZT, KÖNNE NICHTS MEHR ERFOLGEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIWOHNT, OB VERSEHENTLICH ODER VORSÄTZLICH, OB GEZWUNGEN ODER WILLIG, SELBST WENN ER VERSEHENTLICH UND SIE VORSÄTZLICH, ER VORSÄTZLICH UND SIE VERSEHENTLICH, ER GEZWUNGEN UND SIE UNGEZWUNGEN, ODER SIE GEZWUNGEN UND ER UNGEZWUNGEN, OB NUR ANGESCHMIEGT ODER DIE BEIWOHNUNG VOLLENDET, EIGNET SIE SICH AN, AUCH IST ZWISCHEN BEIWOHNUNG UND BEIWOHNUNG NICHT ZU UNTERSCHEIDEN",
+ "DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON DER BEIWOHNUNG ALLER IN DER TORA GENANNTEN INZESTUÖSEN UND UNTAUGLICHEN, BEISPIELSWEISE EINER WITWE MIT EINEM HOCHPRIESTER, EINER GESCHIEDENEN ODER EINER ḤALUÇA MIT EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER, EINES HURENKINDES ODER EINER NETHINA MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN, UND EINER JISRAEXITIN MIT EINEM HURENKINDE ODER EINEM NATHIN; ER HAT SIE DADURCH UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT, AUCH IST ZWISCHEN BEIWOHNUNG UND BEIWOHNUNG NICHT ZU UNTERSCHEIDEN.",
+ "EINE WITWE, DIE MIT EINEM HOCHPRIESTER, UND EINE GESCHIEDENE ODER EINE ḤALUÇA, DIE MIT EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER VERLOBT IST, DÜRFEN KEINE HEBEESSEN, NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR UND R. ŠIMO͑N SIND SIE HIERFÜR TAUGLICH. VERWITWET ODER GESCHIEDEN SIND SIE, WENN NACH DER VERHEIRATUNG, UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN NACH DER VERLOBUNG TAUGLICH.",
+ "EIN HOCHPRIESTER DARF KEINE WITWE HEIRATEN, OB EINE WITWE NACH DER VERLOBUNG ODER EINE WITWE NACH DER VERHEIRATUNG. FERNER DARF ER KEINE MANNBARE HEIRATEN ; R. ELEA͑ZAR UND R. ŠIMO͑N ERLAUBEN DIE MANNBARE. WENN ER SICH MIT EINER WITWE VERLOBT UND DARAUF ZUM HOCHPRIESTER GEWÄHLT WIRD, SO DARF ER SIE HEIRATEN. SO EREIGNETE ES SICH MIT JEHOŠUA͑, DEM SOHNE GAMLAS; NACHDEM ER SICH DIE MARTHA, TOCHTER DES BOËTHOS, ANGETRAUT HATTE, ERNANNTE IHN DER KÖNIG ZUM HOCHPRIESTER, UND ER HEIRATETE SIE. WENN DIE ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER ZUFÄLLT UND ER ZUM HOCHPRIESTER GEWÄHLT WIRD, SO DARF ER SIE, SELBST WENN ER AN SIE BEREITS DIE EHEFORMEL GERICHTET HAT, NICHT HEIRATEN. EIN HOCHPRIESTER, DESSEN BRUDER GESTORBEN IST, VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "EIN GEMEINER PRIESTER DARF KEINE STERILE HEIRATEN, ES SEI DENN, DASS ER FRAU UND KINDER HAT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH WENN ER FRAU UND KINDER HAT, DÜRFE ER KEINE STERILE HEIRATEN, DENN DIESEIST UNTER ‘HURE’ ZU VERSTEHEN, VON DER DIE SCHRIFT SPRICHT. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, UNTER ‘HURE’ SEIEN NUR DIE PROSELYTIN, DIE FREIGELASSENE SKLAVINUND DIE IN UNZUCHT BESCHLAFENEZU VERSTEHEN.",
+ "NIEEMAND UNTERLASSE DIE FORTPFLANZUNG, ES SEI DENN, DASS ER KLNDER HAT; DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, ZWEI MÄNNLICHE, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, EIN MÄNNLICHES UND EIN WEIBLICHES, DENN ES HEISST:Mann und Weib hat er sie erschaffen. WENN JEMAND EINE FRAU GENOMMEN HAT UND MIT IHR ZEHN JAHRE BEI SAMMEN WAR, OHNE DASS SIE GEBOREN HAT, SO DARF ER ES NIGHT LÄNGERUNTERLASSEN. HAT ER SICH VON IHR GESCHIEDEN, SO DARF EIN ANDERER SIE HEIRATEN, UND AUCH DER ANDERE DARF MIT IHR ZEHN JAHRE BEISAMMEN SEIN. HAT SIE ABORTIERT, SO ZÄHLE MAN SEIT DER STUNDE, DA SIE ABORTIERT HAT. DER MANN IST ZUR FORTPFLANZUNG VERPFLICHTET, NIGHT ABER DIE FRAU. R. JOḤANAN B. BEROQA SAGT, VON BEIDEN HEISST ES :der Herr segnete sie und sprach zu ihnen: seid fruchtbar und mehret euch."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EINE WITWE EINEM HOCHPRIESTER, ODER EINE GESCHIEDENE ODER EINE ḤALUÇA EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER SKLAVEN ALS NIESSBRAUCHGUT ODER EISERNEN BESTAND EINGEBRACHT HAT, SO DÜRFEN DIE ZUM NIESSBRAUCHGUTE GEHÖRENDEN SKLAVEN KEINE HEBE ESSEN UND DIE ZUM EISERNEN BESTANDE GEHÖRENDEN SKLAVEN SIE ESSEN. ZUM NIESSBRAUCHGUTE GEHÖREN SKLAVEN, DIE, WENN SIE STERBEN, IHR STERBEN, UND WENN SIE AN WERT ZUNEHMEN, FÜR SIE ZUNEHMEN; OBGLEICH ER SIE ZU ERNÄHREN VERPFLICHTET IST, DÜRFEN SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN. ZUM EISERNEN BESTANDE GEHÖREN SKLAVEN, DIE, WENN SIE STERBEN, IHM STERBEN, UND WENN SIE AN WERT ZUNEHMEN, FÜR IHN ZUNEHMEN; DA ER FÜR SIE HAFTBAR IST, DÜRFEN SIE HEBE ESSEN.",
+ "WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN SICH MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET UND IHM SKLAVEN EINGEBRACHT HAT, EINERLEI OB ZUM NIESSBRAUCHGUTE ODER ZUM EISERNEN BESTANDE GEHÖREND, SO DÜRFEN SIE HEBE ESSEN. WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS SICH MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATET UND IHM SKLAVEN EINGEBRACHT HAT, EINERLEI OB ZUM NIESSBRAUCHGUTE ODER ZUM EISERNEN BESTANDE GEHÖREND,",
+ "WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET WAR, UND DIESER GESTORBEN IST UND SIE SCHWANGER ZURÜCKGELASSEN HAT, SO DÜRFEN IHRE SKLAVEN KEINE HEBE ESSEN, WEGEN DES ANTEILS DES FÖTUS, DENN DER FÖTUS MACHT FÜR DIE HEBE UNTAUGLICH, ABER NICHT ZU ESSEN BERECHTIGT – SO R. JOSE. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: WENN DU UNS DIES VON EINER VON EINEM PRIESTER VERWITWETEN TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN BEKUNDEST, SO DÜRFEN AUCH, WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET WAR, UND DIESER GESTORBEN IST UND SIE SCHWANGER ZURÜCKGELASSEN HAT, IHRE SKLAVEN KEINE HEBE ESSEN, WEGEN DES ANTEILS DES FÖTUS!?",
+ "DER FÖTUS, DER SCHWAGER, DIE VERLOBUNG, DER TAUBE UND DER NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTEMACHEN FÜR DIE HEBE UNTAUGLICH, BERECHTIGEN ABER NICHT ZU ESSEN. AUCH WENN ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB ER NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALT IST ODER NICHT, OB ER ZWEI HAAREBEKOMMEN HAT ODER NICHT. WENN DAS HAUS ÜBER IHM UND DER TOCHTER SEINES BRUDERSEINGESTÜRZT IST, UND MAN NICHT WEISS, WER ZUERST GESTORBENIST, SO IST AN DER NEBENBUHLERIN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "DER NOTZÜCHTER, DER VERFÜHRER UND DER BLÖDEMACHEN WEDER FÜR DIE HEBE UNTAUGLICH NOCH BERECHTIGEN SIE ZU ESSEN; SIND SIE UNTAUGLICH, IN JISRAÉL AUFGENOMMEN ZU WERDEN, SO MACHEN SIE UNTAUGLICH. UND ZWAR: WENN ER JISRAÉLIT IST UND DER TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS BEIGEWOHNTHAT, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN; IST SIESCHWANGER, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBEESSEN: WIRD DER FÖTUS IN IHREM LEIBE ZERSTÜCKELT, SO DARF SIEESSEN. WENN ER PRIESTER IST UND EINER JISRAÉLITIN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN; IST SIE SCHWANGER, DARF SIE EBENFALLS NICHT ESSEN; HAT SIE GEBOREN, SO DARF SIEESSEN. DIE RECHTSKRAFT DES SOHNES IST SOMIT BEDEUTENDER ALS DIE DES VATERS. EIN SKLAVE MACHT UNTAUGLICH DURCH DIE BEIWOHNUNG, NICHT ABER DURCH DIE NACHKOMMENSCHAFT. UND ZWAR: WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN VON EINEM PRIESTER ODER DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS VON EINEM JISRAÉLITEN EINEN SOHN GEBOREN HAT, UND DER SOHN EINE SKLAVIN DRÜCKTUND SIE VON IHM EINEN SOHN GEBIERT, SO IST DIESER SKLAVE; IST DIE MUTTER SEINES VATERSEINE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBEESSEN, UND IST SIE EINE MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS, SO DARF SIE HEBEESSEN. EIN HURENKIND MACHT UNTAUGLICH UND BERECHTIGT ZU ESSEN. UND ZWAR: WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN VON EINEM PRIESTER ODER DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS VON EINEM JISRAÉLITEN EINE TOCHTER GEBOREN HAT, UND DIE TOCHTER SICH MIT EINEM SKLAVEN ODER EINEM NICHTJUDEN VERHEIRATET UND VON IHM EINEN SOHN GEBIERT, SO IST DIESER HURENKIND; IST DIE MUTTER SEINER MUTTER EINE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE HEBEESSEN, UND IST SIE EINE MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBEESSEN.",
+ "DER HOCHPRIESTER MACHT ZUWEILEN UNTAUGLICH UND ZWAR: WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS VON EINEM JISRAÉLITEN EINE TOCHTER GEBOREN HAT, UND DIE TOCHTER SICH MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET UND VON IHM EINEN SOHN GEBIERT, SO IST ER TAUGLICH, HOCHPRIESTER ZU SEIN UND DIENST AM ALTAR ZU VERRICHTEN; ER BERECHTIGT SEINE MUTTER ZU ESSEN, DIE MUTTER SEINER MUTTER ABER MACHT ERUNTAUGLICH. DIESE KANN SOMIT SAGEN: NICHT WIE MEIN SOHN; ER IST HOCHPRIESTER UND MACHT MICH FÜR DIE HEBE UNTAUGLICH!"
+ ],
+ [
+ "DER UNBESCHNITTENE UND ALLE UNREINEN DÜRFEN KEINE HEBE ESSEN; IHRE FRAUEN UND IHRE SKLAVEN DÜRFEN HEBE ESSEN. DER QUETSCHVERSTÜMMELTE UND DER ERGUSSDURCHSCHNITTENE DÜRFEN ESSEN, EBENSO IHRE SKLAVEN, IHRE FRAUEN ABER DÜRFEN NICHT ESSEN. HAT ER IHR, NACHDEM ER QUETSCHVERSTÜMMELT ODER ERGUSSDURCHSCHNITTEN GEWORDEN IST, NICHT MEHR BEIGEWOHNT, SO DÜRFEN SIE ESSEN.",
+ "QUETSCHVERSTÜMMELT HEISST DERJENIGE, DESSEN HODEN ZERQUETSCHT SIND, SELBST EINE VON IHNEN; ERGUSSDURCHSCHNITTEN HEISST DERJENIGE, DESSEN GLIED ABGESCHNITTEN IST; IST ETWAS VON DER EICHEL VORHANDEN, SELBST EIN HAAR BREIT, SO IST ER TAUGLICH. EINEM QUETSCHVERSTÜMMELTEN UND EINEM ERGUSSDURCHSCHNITTENEN SIND DIE PROSELYTIN UND DIE FREIGELASSENE SKLAVIN ERLAUBT; VERBOTEN IST IHNEN NUR IN DIE GEMEINDEZU KOMMEN, WIE ES HEISST:es komme kein Quetschverstümmelter und kein Ergußdurchschnittener in die Gemeinde des Herrn.",
+ "DER A͑MMONITER UND DER MOABITER SIND VERBOTEN, UND DAS VERBOT IST EIN EWIGES, IHRE FRAUEN ABER SIND SOFORTERLAUBT. DER MIÇRI UND DER EDOMITER SIND NUR BIS ZUR DRITTEN GENERATIONVERBOTEN, SOWOHL MÄNNER ALS AUCH FRAUEN; R. ŠIMO͑N ERLAUBT DIE FRAUEN SOFORT. R. ŠIMO͑N SPRACH: ES IST EIN SCHLUSS VOM SCHWEREREN AUF DAS LEICHTERE ZU FOLGERN: WENN BEI SOLCHEN, BEI DENEN HINSICHTLICH DER MÄNNER EIN EWIGES VERBOT BESTEHT, FRAUEN SOFORT ERLAUBT SIND, UM WIEVIEL MEHR SIND BEI SOLCHEN, BEI DENEN MÄNNER NUR BIS ZUR DRITTEN GENERATION VERBOTEN SIND, FRAUEN SOFORT ERLAUBT. SIE ERWIDERTEN IHM: IST DEINE ANSICHT EINE ÜBERLIEFERTE HALAKHA, SO ERKENNEN WIR SIE AN, WENN ABER EINE SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG, SO GIBT ES EINE WIDERLEGUNG. ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: NICHT DOCH, ICH SPRECHE EINE ÜBERLIEFERTE HALAKHA. HURENKINDER UND NETHINIM SIND VERBOTEN, UND DAS VERBOT GILT EWIG, SOWOHL FÜR MÄNNER ALS AUCH FÜR FRAUEN.",
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGTE: ICH HÖRTE, DER KASTRAT HABE DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN UND DIE ḤALIÇA SEI AN SEINER FRAU ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DER KASTRAT HABE DIE ḤALIÇA NICHT ZU VOLLZIEHEN UND DIE ḤALIÇA SEI AN SEINER FRAU NIGHT ZU VOLLZIEHEN; ICH WEISS DIESNICHT ZU ERKLÄREN. DA SPRACH R. A͑QIBA: ICH WILL DIES ERKLÄREN: DER DURCH MENSCHENHAND KASTRIERTE VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA, AUCH IST DIE ḤALIÇA AN SEINER FRAU ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DA ER SICH EINST IM ZUSTANDE DER TAUGLICHKEIT BEFAND; DER NATURKASTRAT VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA NICHT, AUCH IST AN SEINER FRAU DIE ḤALIÇA NICHT ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DA ER SICH NIE IM ZUSTANDE DER TAUGLICHKEIT BEFAND. R. ELIE͑ZER SPRACH: NICHT DOCH, VIELMEHR VOLLZIEHE DER NATURKASTRAT DIE ḤALIÇA, AUCH IST DIE ḤALIÇA AN SEINER FRAU ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DA ES FÜR IHN EINE HEILUNG GIBT; DER DURCH MENSCHENHAND KASTRIERTE VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA NICHT, AUCH IST DIE ḤALIÇA AN SEINER FRAU NICHT ZU VOLLZIEHEN, DA ES FÜR IHN KEINE HEILUNG GIBT. R. JEHOŠUA͑ B. BETHERA BEKUNDETE, DASS MAN AN DER FRAU DES BEN MEGOSETH, EINES DURCH MENSCHENHAND KASTRIERTEN IN JERUŠALEM, DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOG, ZUR BESTÄTIGUNG DER WORTE R. A͑QIBAS.",
+ "DER KASTRAT VOLLZIEHE WEDER DIE ḤALIÇA NOCH DIE SCHWAGEREHE, EBENSO IST AN DER STERILEN WEDER DIE ḤALIÇA NOCH DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. WENN EIN KASTRAT AN SEINER SCHWÄGERIN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HAT, SO HAT ER SIE NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; HAT ER IHR BEIGEWOHNT, SO HAT ER SIE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT, WEIL ES EINE BEIWOHNUNG DER UNZUCHTIST. EBENSO HABEN DIE BRÜDER, WENN SIE AN EINER STERILEN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN HABEN, SIE NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; HABEN SIE IHR BEIGEWOHNT, SO HABEN SIE SIE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT, WEIL ES EINE BEIWOHNUNG DER UNZUCHT IST.",
+ "WENN EIN PRIESTER, DER NATURKASTRAT IST, EINE JISRAÉLITIN GEHEIRATET HAT, SO BERECHTIGT ER SIE HEBE ZU ESSEN. R. JOSE UND R. ŠIMO͑N SAGEN, WENN EIN PRIESTER, DER ZWITTER IST, EINE JISRAÉLITIN GEHEIRATET HAT, BERECHTIGE ER SIE HEBE ZU ESSEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, EIN GESCHLECHTSLOSER, DER AUFGERISSENUND ALS MANN BEFUNDEN WIRD, VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA NICHT, WEIL ER EINEM KASTRATEN GLEICHT. DER ZWITTER KANN HEIRATEN, ABER NICHT GEHEIRATET WERDEN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, WEGEN DES ZWITTERSMACHE MAN SICH DER STEINIGUNG SCHULDIG, WIE WEGEN EINES MANNES."
+ ],
+ [
+ "MANCHE FRAUEN SIND IHREN MÄNNERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN SCHWÄGERN VERBOTEN, MANCHE IHREN SCHWÄGERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN MÄNNERN VERBOTEN, MANCHE DIESEN UND JENEN ERLAUBT, UND MANCHE DIESEN UND JENEN VERBOTEN. FOLGENDE SIND UHREN MÄNNERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN SCHWÄGERN VERBOTEN: WENN EIN GEMEINER PRIESTER EINE WITWE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER HOCHPRIESTER IST; WENN EIN ENTWEIHTER EINE UNBEMAKELTE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER UNBEMAKELTER IST; WENN EIN JISRAÉLIT EINE JISRAÉLITIN GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER HURENKIND IST; WENN EIN HURENKIND EIN HURENKIND GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER JISRAÉLIT IST. DIESE SIND IHREN MÄNNERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN SCHWÄGERN VERBOTEN.",
+ "FOLGENDE SIND IHREN SCHWÄGERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN MÄNNERN VERBOTEN: WENN EIN HOCHPRIESTER SICH EINE WITWE ANGETRAUT HAT UND SEIN BRUDER GEMEINER PRIESTER IST; WENN EIN UNBEMAKELTER EINE ENTWEIHTE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER ENTWEIHTER IST; WENN EIN JISRAÉLIT EIN HURENKIND GEHEIRATET HAT, UND SEIN BRUDER HURENKIND IST; WENN EIN HURENKIND EINE JISRAÉLITIN GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER JISRAÉLIT IST. DIESE SIND IHREN SCHWÄGERN ERLAUBT UND IHREN MÄNNERN VERBOTEN. DIESEN UND JENEN VERBOTEN: WENN EIN HOCHPRIESTER EINE WITWE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER HOCHPRIESTER ODER GEMEINER PRIESTER IST; WENN EIN UNBEMAKELTER EINE ENTWEIHTE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER UNBEMAKELTER IST; WENN EIN JISRAÉLIT EIN HURENKIND GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER JISRAÉLIT IST; WENN EIN HURENKIND EINE JISRAÉLITIN GEHEIRATET HAT UND SEIN BRUDER HURENKIND IST. DIESE SIND DIESEN UND JENEN VERBOTEN. ALLE ANDEREN FRAUEN SIND IHREN MÄNNERN UND IHREN SCHWÄGERN ERLAUBT.",
+ "VON DEN NACH DEN SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN ZWEITGRADIG INZESTUÖSEN IST DIE, DIE IHREM MANNE ZWEITGRADIG INZESTUÖS IST, NICHT ABER IHREM SCHWAGER, IHREM MANNE VERBOTEN UND IHREM SCHWAGER ERLAUBT, DIE IHREM SCHWAGER ZWEITGRADIG INZESTUÖS IST, NICHT ABER IHREM MANNE, IHREM SCHWAGER VERBOTEN UND IHREM MANNE ERLAUBT, DIE DIESEM UND JENEM ZWEITGRADIG INZESTUÖS IST, DIESEM UND JENEM VERBOTEN. SIE ERHÄLT WEDER DIE MORGENGABE NOCH DEN FRUCHTGENUSS NOCH UNTERHALT NOCH DIE ABGETRAGENEN KLEIDER; DAS KIND IST UNBEMAKELT, JEDOCH ZWINGT MAN IHN, SIE ZU ENTFERNEN. IST EINE WITWE MIT EINEM HOCHPRIESTER, EINE GESCHIEDENE ODER ḤALUÇA MIT EINEM GEMEINEN PRIESTER, EIN HURENKIND ODER EINE NETHINA MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN ODER EINE JISRAÉLITIN MIT EINEM NATHIN ODER EINEM HURENKINDE VERHEIRATET, SO ERHÄLT SIE DIE MORGENGABE.",
+ "WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERLOBT, VON EINEM PRIESTER SCHWANGER ODER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE MIT EINEM PRIESTER IST, EBENSO WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS IN DIESEM VERHÄLTNISSE ZU EINEM JISRAÉLITEN STEHT, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN. WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN MIT EINEM LEVITEN VERLOBT, VON EINEM LEVITEN SCHWANGER ODER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE MIT EINEM LEVITEN IST, EBENSO WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES LEVITEN IN DIESEM VERHÄLTNISSE ZU EINEM JISRAÉLITEN STEHT, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTENNICHT ESSEN. WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES LEVITEN MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERLOBT, VON EINEM PRIESTER SCHWANGER ODER ANWÄRTERIN DER SCHWAGEREHE MIT EINEM PRIESTER IST, EBENSO WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS IN DIESEM VERHÄLTNISSE ZU EINEM LEVITEN STEHT, SO DARF SIE WEDER HEBE NOCH DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN.",
+ "WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN SICH MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATET, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN; VERHEIRATET SIE SICH DARAUF MIT EINEM LEVITEN, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTENESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; VERHEIRATET SIE SICH DARAUF MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE WEDER HEBE NOCH DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE WEDER HEBE NOCH DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN. STIRBT IHR KIND VOM JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; STIRBT IHR KIND VOM LEVITEN, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN; STIRBT IHR KIND VOM PRIESTER, SO DARF SIE WEDER HEBE NOCH DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN.",
+ "WENN DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS SICH MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATET, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN; VERHEIRATET SIE SICH DARAUF MIT EINEM LEVITEN, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; VERHEIRATET SIE SICH DARAUF MIT EINEM PRIESTER, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN; STIRBT ER UND HAT SIE VON IHM EIN KIND, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN. STIRBT IHR KIND VOM PRIESTER, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN, STIRBT IHR KIND VOM LEVITEN, SO DARF SIE NICHT DEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN; STIRBT IHR KIND VOM JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE IN DAS HAUS IHRES VATERS ZURÜCKKEHREN. VON DIESER HEISST ES:und in das Haus ihres Vaters zurückkehrt, wie in ihrer Jugend, vom Brote ihres Vaters darf sie essen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN MAN EINER FRAU, DEREN MANN NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST WAR, BERICHTETE, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, UND SIE SICH VERHEIRATETE, UND DARAUF IHR MANN ZURÜCKKEHRT, SO IST SIE VON DIESEM UND VON JENEM ZU ENTFERNEN UND BENÖTIGT VON DIESEM UND VON JENEM EINES SCHEIDEBRIEFES. WEDER VON DIESEM NOCH VON JENEM STEHEN IHR DIE MORGENGABE, DER FRUCHTGENUSS, DER UNTERHALT UND DIE ABGETRAGENEN KLEIDER ZU; HAT SIE ETWAS DAVON VON DIESEM ODER VON JENEM ERHALTEN, SO MUSS SIE ES ZURÜCKERSTATTEN. DAS KIND VON DIESEM UND JENEM IST HURENKIND; WEDER DIESER NOCH JENER VERUNREINIGE SICH AN IHR; WEDER DIESER NOCH JENER HAT ANRECHT AUF IHREN FUND, IHRE HÄNDEARBEITUND DIE AUFHEBUNG IHRER GELÜBDE; SIE WIRD UNTAUGLICH, FALLS SIE DIE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN IST, FÜR DIE PRIESTERSCHAFT, FALLS SIE DIE TOCHTER EINES LEVITEN IST, FÜR DEN ZEHNTEN, UND FALLS SIE DIE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS IST, FÜR DIE HEBE; WEDER DIE ERBEN VON DIESEM NOCH DIE ERBEN VON JENEM ERBEN IHRE MORGENGABE; STERBEN SIE, SO HAT DER BRUDER VON DIESEM UND DER BRUDER VON JENEM AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. R. JOSE SAGT, IHRE MORGENGABE BELASTE DIE GÜTER IHRES ERSTEN MANNES. R. ELEA͑ZAR SAGT, DER ERSTE HABE ANRECHT AUF IHREN FUND, IHRE HÄNDEARBEIT UND DIE AUFHEBUNG IHRER GELÜBDE. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DIE BEIWOHNUNG ODER DIE ḤALIÇA DES BRUDERS DES ERSTEN ENTBINDE IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN, UND DAS KIND VON DIESEM SEI KEIN HURENKIND. HAT SIE SICH OHNE ERLAUBNIS VERHEIRATET, SO DARF SIE ZUM ERSTEN ZURÜCKKEHREN.",
+ "HAT SIE SICH AUF DIE ENTSCHEIDUNG DES GERICHTES HIN VERHEIRATET, SO IST SIE ZU ENTFERNEN UND VOM OPFERFREI; HAT SIE SICH OHNE ENTSCHEIDUNG DES GERICHTES VERHEIRATET, SO IST SIE ZU ENTFERNEN UND ZU EINEM OPFER VERPFLICHTET. DIE KRAFT DES GERICHTES IST WIRKSAM, SIE VOM OPFER ZU BEFREIEN. WENN DAS GERICHT IHR ENTSCHIEDEN HAT, SICH ZU VERHEIRATEN, UND SIE GEGANGEN IST UND GESÜNDIGT HAT, SO IST SIE ZUM OPFER VERPFLICHTET, DENN ES HAT IHR NUR ZU HEIRATEN ERLAUBT.",
+ "WENN MAN EINER FRAU, DEREN MANN UND SOHN NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST SIND, BERICHTET HATTE, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHERSEI IHR SOHN GESTORBEN, UND SIE SICH VERHEIRATETE, UND MAN IHR SPÄTER BERICHTET, ES SEI UMGEKEHRTERFOLGT, SO IST SIE ZU ENTFERNEN, UND DAS FRÜHERE UND DAS SPÄTERE KIND SIND HURENKINDER. WENN MAN IHR BERICHTET HATTE, IHR SOHN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR MANN GESTORBEN, UND AN IHR DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN WORDEN IST, UND MAN IHR SPÄTER BERICHTET, ES SEI UMGEKEHRT ERFOLGT, SO IST SIE ZU ENTFERNEN, UND DAS FRÜHERE UND DAS SPÄTERE KIND SIND HURENKINDER. WENN MAN IHR BERICHTET HATTE, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, UND SIE SICH VERHEIRATETE, UND MAN IHR SPÄTER BERICHTET, ER LEBTE DANN UND SEI ERST SPÄTER GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE ZU ENTFERNEN, UND DAS FRÜHERE KIND IST HURENKIND, DAS SPÄTERE ABER KEIN HURENKIND. WENN MAN IHR BERICHTET HATTE, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, UND SIE ANGETRAUT WORDEN, UND DARAUF IHR MANN GEKOMMEN IST, SO DARF SIE ZU IHM ZURÜCKKEHREN; AUCH WENN DER ANDERE IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GIBT, MACHT ER SIE FÜR DIE PRIESTERSCHAFT NICHTUNTAUGLICH. DIES DEDUZIERTE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. MATHJA: Eine von ihrem Manne geschiedene Frau, NICHT ABER VON EINEM, DER NICHT IHR MANN WAR.",
+ "WENN MAN EINEM, DESSEN FRAU NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST WAR, BERICHTET HATTE, SEINE FRAU SEI GESTORBEN, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER HEIRATETE, UND HIERAUF SEINE FRAU ZURÜCKKOMMT, SO DARF SIEZU IHM ZURÜCKKEHREN; IHM SIND DIE VERWANDTEN DER ANDEREN ERLAUBT, EBENSO IST DIE ANDERE SEINEN VERWANDTEN ERLAUBT; STIRBT DIE ERSTE, SO IST IHM DIE ANDERE ERLAUBT. WENN MAN EINEM BERICHTET HATTE, SEINE FRAU SEI GESTORBEN, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER HEIRATETE, UND MAN IHM DARAUF BERICHTET, SIE LEBTE DANN UND STARB ERST SPÄTER, SO IST DAS FRÜHEREKIND HURENKIND UND DAS SPÄTERE KEIN HURENKIND. R. JOSE SAGT, WER FÜR ANDERE UNTAUGLICH MACHT, MACHE AUCH FÜR SICH UNTAUGLICH, UND WER FÜR ANDERE NICHT UNTAUGLICH MACHT, MACHE AUCH FÜR SICH NICHT UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "WENN MAN EINEM BERICHTET HATTE, SEINE FRAU SEI GESTORBEN, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER VÄTERLICHERSEITS HEIRATETE, DASS AUCH DIESE GESTORBEN SEI, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER MÜTTERLICHERSEITS HEIRATETE, DASS AUCH DIESE GESTORBEN SEI, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER VÄTERLICHERSEITS HEIRATETE, DASS AUCH DIESE GESTORBEN SEI, UND ER IHRE SCHWESTER MÜTTERLICHERSEITS HEIRATETE, UND ES SICH HERAUSSTELLT, DASS SIE ALLE LEBEN, SO SIND IHM DIE ERSTE, DIE DRITTE UND DIE FÜNFTE ERLAUBT, UND SIE ENTBINDEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN, UND DIE ZWEITE UND DIE VIERTEVERBOTEN, UND DIE BEIWOHNUNG DER EINEN VON IHNEN ENTBINDET DIE NEBENBUHLERIN NICHT. HAT ER DER ZWEITEN ERST NACH DEM TODE DER ERSTEN BEIGEWOHNT, SO SIND IHM DIE ZWEITE UND DIE VIERTEERLAUBT, UND SIE ENTBINDEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNEN, UND DIE DRITTE UND DIE FÜNFTEVERBOTEN, UND DIE BEIWOHNUNG DER EINEN VON IHNEN ENTBINDET IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN NICHT.",
+ "DER NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTE KANN DIE SCHWÄGERINFÜR SEINE BRÜDER UNTAUGLICH MACHEN, UND EBENSO KÖNNEN DIE BRÜDER SIE FÜR IHN UNTAUGLICH MACHEN, JEDOCH KANN ER SIE NUR VORHER UNTAUGLICH MACHEN, DIE BRÜDER ABER VORHER UND NACHHER. UND ZWAR: WENN EIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIWOHNT, SO MACHT ER SIE FÜR DIE BRÜDER UNTAUGLICH, UND WENN DIE BRÜDER IHR BEIWOHNEN, AN SIE DIE EHEFORMEL RICHTEN, IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEBEN ODER AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZIEHEN, SO MACHEN SIE SIE FUR IHN UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "WENN EIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, UND DARAUF SEIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER BRUDER IHR BEIWOHNT, SO MACHT ER SIE FÜR JENEN UNTAUGLICH; R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ER MACHE SIE NICHT UNTAUGLICH. WENN EIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, UND DARAUF IHRER NEBENBUHLERIN BEIWOHNT, SO MACHT ER AUCH JENEFÜR SICH UNTAUGLICH. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ER MACHE SIE NICHT UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "WENN EIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIGEWOHNT HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST AN DIESER DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. WENN ER EINE FRAU GEHEIRATET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST SIEENTBUNDEN.",
+ "WENN EIN NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALTER SEINER SCHWÄGERIN BEIGEWOHNT UND GROSSJÄHRIG EINE ANDERE FRAU GEHEIRATET HAT UND GESTORBEN IST, SO IST, WENN ER GROSSJÄHRIG DER ERSTEN NICHT BEIGEWOHNT HAT, AN DER ERSTENDIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHAWAGEREHE, UND AN DER ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, MAN KÖNNE BELIEBIG AN EINER VON IHNEN DIE SCHWAGEREHE UND AN DER ANDEREN DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZIEHEN. EINERLEI, OB ER NEUN JAHRE UND EINEN TAG ALT IST, ODER ER ZWANZIG JAHRE ALT IST, JEDOCH KEINE ZWEI HAARE BEKOMMEN HAT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "MAN DARF VERWANDTE SEINER GENOTZÜCHTIGTEN ODER VERFÜHRTEN HEIRATEN, WER ABER DIE VERWANDTE SEINER ANGEHEIRATETEN NOTZÜCHTIGT ODER VERFÜHRT, IST SCHULDIG. MAN DARF DIE GENOTZÜCHTIGTE ODER VERFÜHRTE SEINES VATERS UND DIE GENOTZÜCHTIGTE ODER VERFÜHRTE SEINES SOHNES HEIRATEN. R. JEHUDA VERBIETET DIE GENOTZÜCHTIGTE ODER VERFÜHRTE SEINES VATERS.",
+ "WENN MIT EINER PROSELYTIN IHRE SÖHNE SICH BEKEHREN, SO HABEN SIE DIE ḤALIÇA UND DIE SCHWAGEREHE NICHT ZU VOLLZIEHEN, SELBST WENN DIE SCHWANGERSCHAFT DES EINEN NICHT IN ḤEILIGKEIT, SEINE GEBURT ABER UND DIE SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND DIE GEBURT DES ANDEREN IN HEILIGKEIT ERFOLGT IST. DESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN MIT EINER SKLAVIN IHRE SÖHNE FREIGELASSEN WERDEN.",
+ "WENN KINDER VON FÜNF FRAUEN VERMISCHT WURDEN UND DIE VERMISCHTEN, NACHDEM SIE HERAKGEWACHSEN WAREN UND FRAUEN GENOMMEN HATTEN, GESTORBEN SIND, SO VOLLZIEHEN AN EINER VON IHNEN VIERDIE ḤALIÇA, SODANN DARF EINER DIE SCHWAGEREHEVOLLZIEHEN, HIERAUF VOLLZIEHEN AN EINER ANDEREN DIESER UND NOCH DREI DIE ḤALIÇA, SODANN DARF EINER DIE SCHWAGEREHEVOLLZIEHEN. ES ERGIBT SICH, DASS AN JEDER VON IHNEN VIERMAL DIE ḤALIÇA UND EINMAL DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN WIRD.",
+ "WENN DAS KIND EINER FRAU MIT DEM KINDE IHRER SCHWIEGERTOCHTER VERMISCHT WORDEN IST, UND DIE VERMISCHTEN, NACHDEM SIE HERANGEWACHSEN WAREN UND FRAUEN GENOMMEN HATTEN, STERBEN, SO HABEN DIE SÖHNE DER SCHWIEGERTOCHTER DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, WEIL ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB DIESEDIE FRAU DES BRUDERS ODER DIE FRAU DES BRUDERS DES VATERSIST, DIE SÖHNE DER ALTENABER DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE, WEIL ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB SIE DIE FRAU DES BRUDERS ODER DIE FRAU DES SOHNES DES BRUDERSIST. STERBEN DIE UNBEMAKELTEN, SO HABEN DIE VERMISCHTEN, WENN EIN SOHN DER ALTEN, DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, WEIL ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB DIE WITWE DIE FRAU DES BRUDERS ODER DIE FRAU DES BRUDERS DES VATERS IST, WENN ABER EIN SOHN DER SCHWIEGERTOCHTER, EINER DIE ḤALIÇA UND DER ANDERE AUCHDIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "WENN DAS KIND EINER PRIESTERIN MIT DEM KINDE IHRER SKLAVIN VERMISCHT WORDEN IST, SO DÜRFEN BEIDE HEBEESSEN, SIE ERHALTEN EINEN ANTEIL IN DER TENNE, SIE DÜRFEN SICH AN TOTEN NICHT VERUNREINIGEN UND SIE DÜRFEN KEINE FRAUEN HEIRATEN, WEDER UNBEMAKELTENOCH BEMAKELTE. WENN DIE VERMISCHTEN ERWACHSEN SIND UND SICH GEGENSEITIG FREIGELASSEN HABEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE FÜR PRIESTER GEEIGNETE FRAUEN HEIRATEN; SIE DÜRFEN SICH NICHT AN TOTEN VERUNREINIGEN, HABEN SIE SICH VERUNREINIGT, SO ERHALTEN SIE NICHT DIE VIERZIGGEISSELHIEBE; SIE DÜRFEN KEINE HEBEESSEN, HABEN SIE GEGESSEN, SO BRAUCHEN SIE DEN GRUNDWERT UND DAS FÜNFTELNICHTZU ERSETZEN; SIE ERHALTEN KEINEN ANTEIL IN DER TENNE, JEDOCH DÜRFEN SIE HEBEVERKAUFEN UND DER ERLÖS GEHÖRTIHNEN; SIE ERHALTEN KEINEN ANTEIL VOM HEILIGEN DES TEMPELS; MAN GEBE IHNEN KEIN GEHEILIGTES, JEDOCH NEHME MAN IHNEN IHRES NICHTAB; SIE SIND BEFREIT VON DER ABGABE VON VORARM, KINNBACKEN UND MAGEN; IHRERSTGEBORENES VIEH WEIDE BIS ES EIN GEBRECHENBEKOMMT. MAN LEGE IHNEN AUF DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN FÜR PRIESTER UND DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN FÜR JISRAÉLITEN.",
+ "WENN EINE FRAU OHNE DREI MONATE SEIT DER TRENNUNG VON IHREM MANNE ABZUWARTEN SICH VERHEIRATET UND GEBOREN HAT, SODASS MAN NICHT WEISS, OB ES EIN NEUNMONATSKIND VOM ERSTEN ODER EIN SIEBENMONATKIND VOM ZWEITEN IST, UND AUSSERDEM SÖHNE VOM ERSTEN UND SÖHNE VOM ZWEITEN HAT, SO HABEN DIESEDIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, UND EBENSO HAT DIESER AN IHREN WITWEN DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN. HAT ER BRÜDER VOM ERSTEN UND VOM ZWEITEN, NICHT VON DIESER MUTTER, SO KANN ER DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHEVOLLZIEHEN, VON IHNEN ABER VOLLZIEHE EINER DIE ḤALIÇA UND DER ANDERE AUCH DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "WAR EINERJISRAÉLIT UND EINER PRIESTER, SO DARF ER NUR EINE FÜR PRIESTER GEEIGNETE FRAU HEIRATEN; ER DARF SICH AN LEICHEN NICHT VERUNREINIGEN, HAT ER SICH ABER VERUNREINIGT, SO ERHÄLT ER NICHT DIE VIERZIGGEISSELHIEBE; ER DARF KEINE HEBE ESSEN, HAT ER ABER GEGESSEN, SO BRAUCHT ER NICHT DEN GRUNDWERT UND DAS FÜNFTEL ZU ERSETZEN; ER ERHÄLT KEINEN ANTEIL IN DER TENNE, JEDOCH DARF ER DIE HEBE VERKAUFEN UND DER ERLÖS GEHÖRT IHM; ER ERHÄLT KEINEN ANTEIL VOM HEILIGENDES TEMPELS; MAN VERABREICHE IHM NICHTS GEHEILIGTES, JEDOCH NEHME MAN IHM SEINES NICHT AB; ER IST FREI VON DER ABGABE VON VORARM, KINNBACKEN UND MAGEN; SEIN ERSTGEBORENES VIEH WEIDE BIS ES EIN GEBRECHEN BEKOMMT; MAN LEGE IHM AUF DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN FÜR PRIESTER UND DIE ERSCHWERUNGEN FÜR JISRAÉLITEN. WAREN BEIDE PRIESTER, SO MUSS ER TRAUER HALTENÜBER SIE UND SIE MÜSSEN TRAUER HALTEN ÜBER IHN; ER VERUNREINIGE SICH NICHT AN IHNENUND SIE VERUNREINIGEN SICH NICHT AN IHM; ER BEERBT SIENICHT, SIE ABER BEERBENIHN; ER IST FREI WEGEN DES SCHLAGENS UND DES FLUGHENSDES EINEN UND DES ANDEREN; ER TRETE ANMIT DER PRIESTERWACHE DES EINEN UND DES ANDEREN, ERHÄLTABER KEINEN ANTEIL; GEHÖREN BEIDE DERSELBEN PRIESTERWACHE AN, SO ERHÄLT ER AUCH EINEN ANTEIL."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIE ZEREMONIE DER ḤALIÇA MUSS VOR DREI RICHTERN ERFOLGEN, AUCH WENN ALLE DREI LAIEN SIND. VOLLZOG SIE DIE ḤALIÇA MIT EINEM SCHUH, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG; MIT EINER SOCKE, SO IST SIE UNGÜLTIG; MIT EINER SANDALE, DIE EINE HACKE HAT, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG, DIE KEINE HACKE HAT, SO IST SIE UNGÜLTIG; UNTERHALB DES KNIES, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG, OBERHALB DES KNIES, SO IST SIE UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "VOLLZOG SIE DIE ḤALIÇA MIT EINER SANDALE, DIE NICHT IHM GEHÖRT, MIT EINER SANDALE AUS HOLZ, ODER MIT DER LINKEN AM RECHTEN FUSSE, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG. VOLLZOG SIE DIE ḤALIÇA MIT EINER ZU GROSSEN, MIT DER ER JEDOCH GEHEN KANN, ODER MIT EINER ZU KLEINEN, DIE JEDOCH DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL DES FUSSES BEDECKT, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG. VOLLZOG SIE DIE ḤALIÇA NACHTS, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG, NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR ABER UNGÜLTIG; WENN AM LINKEN FUSSE, SO IST SIE UNGÜLTIG, NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR ABER GÜLTIG.",
+ "HAT SIE DEN SCHUH ABGEZOGEN, AUSGESPIEEN, ABER NICHT DIE SCHRIFTWORTEGESPROCHEN, SO IST DIE ḤALIÇA GÜLTIG; HAT SIE DIE SCHRIFTWORTE GESPROCHEN UND AUSGESPIEEN, ABER NICHT DEN SCHUH ABGEZOGEN, SO IST DIE ḤALIÇA UNGÜLTIG; HAT SIE DEN SCHUH ABGEZOGEN UND DIE SCHRIFTWORTE GESPROCHEN, ABER NICHT AUSGESPIEEN, SO IST DIE ḤALIÇA, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, UNGÜLTIG, UND WIE R. A͑QIBA SAGT, GÜLTIG. R. ELIE͑ZER SPRACH: ES HEISST:so geschehe, JEDE HANDLUNG, DIE ZU GESCHEHENHAT, IST UNERLÄSSLICH. R. A͑QIBA ERWIDERTE IHM: SOLL DIES EIN BEWEIS SEIN? So geschehe dem Manne, ALLES, WAS MIT DEM MANNE ZU GESCHEHENHAT.",
+ "IST DIE ḤALIÇAAN EINEM TAUBEN, VON EINER TAUBEN ODER AN EINEM MINDERJÄHRIGEN VOLLZOGEN WORDEN, SO IST SIE UNGÜLTIG; WENN VON EINER MINDERJÄHRIGEN, SO WIEDERHOLE SIE DIES, SOBALD SIE GROSSJÄHRIG IST; TUT SIE DIES NICHT, SO IST IHRE ḤALIÇA UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "VOLLZOG SIE DIE ḤALIÇA VOR ZWEIEN ODER DREIEN, UND EINER VON IHNEN SICH ALS VERWANDT ODER SONST UNZULÄSSIG ERWEIST, SO IST DIE ḤALIÇA UNGÜLTIG; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N UND R. JOḤANAN DEM SCHUSTER ABER GÜLTIG. EINST VOLLZOG JEMAND DIE ḤALIÇA IM GEFÄNGNISSE ZWISCHEN IHM UND IHR, UND ALS DIE SACHE VOR R. A͑QIBA KAM, ERKLÄRTE ER SIE FÜR GÜLTIG.",
+ "DIE ZEREMONIEDER ḤALIÇA ERFOLGT ALSO. ER UND SEINE SCHWÄGERIN ERSCHEINEN VOR GERICHT, UND DIE RICHTER ERTEILEN IHM EINEN FÜR IHN PASSENDENRAT, WIE ES HEISST:die Ältesten seiner Stadt sollen ihn laden und zu ihm sprechen. SIE SPRICHT DANN: Mein Schwager weigert sich, seinem Bruder einen Namen in Jisraél zu erhalten, nicht will er an mir die Schwagerpflicht üben. HIERAUF SPRICHT ER:Nicht will ich sie nehmen. SIE SPRECHEN DIES IN DER HEILIGENSPRACHE. SODANN TRITT SEINE SCHWÄGERIN VOR DEN AUGEN DER ÄLTESTEN ZU IHM HERAN, ZIEHT IHM DEN SCHUH VOM FUSSE HERUNTER UND SPEIT VOR IHM AUS; SPEICHEL, DEN DIE RICHTER SEHEN. ALSDANN HEBT SIE AN UND SPRICHT:So geschehe dem Manne, der nicht baut das Haus seines Bruders. SOWEIT LAS MAN FRÜHER. NACHDEM ABER R. HYRKANOS EINMAL UNTER DER EICHE ZU KEPHAR E͑ṬAM BEIM VORLESEN DEN GANZEN ABSCHNITT BEENDEN LIESS, WURDE EINGEFÜHRT, DEN ABSCHNITT VOLLSTÄNDIG ZU BEENDEN:Und sein Name werde in Jisraél genannt: das Haus des Entschuhten. DIESES GEBOTGILT FÜR DIE RICHTERUND NICHT FÜR DIE SCHÜLER. R. JEHUDA SAGT, ALLEN ANWESENDEN SEI ES GEBOTEN, ‘ENTSCHUHTER’ ZU RUFEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NUR VERLOBTE KÖNNEN DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄREN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, VERLOBTE UND VERHEIRATETE. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NUR DEM EHEMANNE UND NICHT DEM SCHWAGER; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, DEM EHEMANNE UND DEM SCHWAGER. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NUR IN SEINER GEGENWART; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, IN SEINER GEGENWART UND IN SEINER ABWESENHEIT. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NUR VOR GERICHT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, VOR GERICHT UND AUSSER GERICHT. DIE SCHULE HILLELS SPRACH ZUR SCHULE ŠAMMAJS: SIE DARF, SOLANGE SIE MINDERJÄHRIG IST, AUCH VIERUND FÜNFMAL DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄREN. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: DIE TÖCHTER JISRAÉLS SIND KEINE PROSTITUIERTEN; VIELMEHR ERKLÄRE SIE DIE WEIGERUNG UND WARTE BIS SIE GROSSJÄHRIG IST, ERKLÄRE DIE WEIGERUNG UND VERHEIRATE SICH.",
+ "WELCHE MINDERJÄHRIGE MUSS DIE WEIGERUNGERKLÄREN? DIE IHRE MUTTER ODER IHRE BRÜDER MIT IHRER WILLIGUNG VERHEIRATETHABEN; HABEN SIE SIE OHNE IHRE WILLIGUNG VERHEIRATET, SO BRAUCHT SIE DIE WEIGERUNG NICHTZU ERKLÄREN. R. ḤANINA B. ANTIGONOS SAGT, EIN KIND, DAS SEIN ANTRAUUNGSOBJEKTNICHT ZU VERWAHRENVERSTEHT, BRAUCHE DIE WEIGERUNG NICHT ZU ERKLÄREN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, DIE HANDLUNG EINER MINDERJÄHRIGEN SEI WIRKUNGSLOS, SIE GELTE NUR ALS VERFÜHRTE. IST SIE EINE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE KEINE HEBE ESSEN, UND IST SIE EINE MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES PRIESTERS, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN.",
+ "R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGTE: WAR DAS VERBLEIBEN BEI IHM VOM EHEMANNE VERANLASST WORDEN, SO GILT SIE ALS SEINE FRÜHERE FRAU, UND WAR DAS VERBLEIBEN NICHT VOM EHEMANNE VERANLASST WORDEN, SO GILT SIE NICHT ALS SEINE FRÜHERE FRAU.",
+ "ERKLÄRTE SIE IHREM EHEMANNE DIE WEIGERUNG, SO SIND IHM IHRE VERWANDTEN UND SIE SEINEN VERWANDTEN ERLAUBT, UND ER MACHT SIE FÜR PRIESTER NICHT UNTAUGLICH; GAB ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, SO SIND IHM IHRE VERWANDTEN UND SIE SEINEN VERWANDTEN VERBOTEN, UND ER MACHT SIE FÜR PRIESTER UNTAUGLICH. WENN ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GEGEBEN UND SIE WIEDERGENOMMEN HATTE, WORAUF SIE IHM DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRTE UND SICH MIT EINEM ANDEREN VERHEIRATETE, UND DARAUF VERWITWET ODER GESCHIEDEN WIRD, SO DARF SIE ZU IHMZURÜCKKEHREN. WENN SIE IHM DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRT UND ER SIE WIEDERGENOMMEN HATTE, WORAUF ER IHR EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GAB UND SIE SICH MIT EINEM ANDEREN VERHEIRATETE, UND DARAUF VERWITWET ODER GESCHIEDEN WIRD, SO DARF SIE ZU IHM NICHT ZURÜCKKEHREN. DIE REGEL IST: ERFOLGTE DIE SCHEIDUNG NACH DER WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG, SO DARF SIE ZU IHM NICHT ZURÜCKKEHREN, ERFOLGTE DIE WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG NACH DER SCHEIDUNG, SO DARF SIE ZU IHM ZURÜCKKEHREN.",
+ "WENN SIE IHREM EHEMANNE DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRTE, SICH MIT EINEM ANDEREN VERHEIRATETE UND ER SICH VON IHR SCHEIDEN LIESS, DARAUF MIT EINEM ANDEREN, UND SIE IHM DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRTE, UND DARAUF MIT EINEM ANDEREN, UND ER SICH VON IHR SCHEIDEN LIESS, SO DARFSIE ZU DEM NICHT ZURÜCKKEHREN, VON DEM SIE DURCH SCHEIDUNG, UND ZU DEM ZURÜCKKEHREN, VON DEM SIE DURCH WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG FORT IST.",
+ "W ENN JEMAND SICH VON SEINER FRAU GESCHIEDEN UND SIE WIEDERGENOMMEN HAT SO IST SIEDEM SCHWAGER ERLAUBT, UND NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR VERBOTEN. EBENSO IST, WENN JEMAND SICH VON EINER WAISEGESCHIEDEN UND SIE WIEDERGENOMMEN HAT, DIESE DEM SCHWAGER ERLAUBT, UND NACH R. ELEA͑ZAR VERBOTEN. WENN EINE MINDERJÄHRIGE VON IHREM VATER VERHEIRATET UND GESCHIEDEN WORDENIST, SODASS SIE ALS WAISE BEI LEBZEITEN DES VATERSGILT, UND IHR MANN SIE WIEDERGENOMMEN HAT, SO IST SIE NACH ALLER ANSICHT DEM SCHWAGER VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN ZWEI BRÜDER MIT ZWEI MINDERJÄHRIGEN SCHWESTERNVERHEIRATET SIND UND DER EHEMANN DER EINEN STIRBT, SO IST SIE ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAUFREI. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON ZWEI TAUBEN. WENN EINE GROSSJÄHRIG UND EINE MINDERJÄHRIG IST, UND DER EHEMANN DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN STIRBT, SO IST SIE ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREI; STIRBT DER EHEMANN DER GROSSJÄHRIGEN, SO VERANLASSEMAN, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, DIE MINDERJÄHRIGE, IHM DIE WEIGERUNGZU ERKLÄREN. R. GAMLIÉL SAGT, HAT SIE DIE WEIGERUNG ERKLÄRT, SO IST ES RECHT, WENN ABER NICHT, SO WARTE SIE BIS SIE GROSSJÄHRIG IST, SODANN IST JENE ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREI. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGTE: WEHE IHM OB SEINER FRAU, WEHE IHM OB DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS! ER MUSS SEINE FRAU DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DURCH ḤALIÇA ENTFERNEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND MIT ZWEI MINDERJÄHRIGEN WAISEN VERHEIRATET WAR UND GESTORBEN IST, SO ENTBINDET DIE BEIWOHNUNG ODER DIE HALIÇA DER EINEN VON IHNEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN. DASSELBE GILT VON ZWEI TAUBEN. IST EINE MINDERJÄHRIG UND DIE ANDERE TAUB, SO ENTBINDET DIE BEIWOHNUNG DER EINEN IHRE NEBENBUHLERINNICHT. IST EINE VOLLSINNIG UND DIE ANDERE TAUB, SO ENTBINDET DIE BEIWOHNUNG DER VOLLSINNIGEN DIE TAUBE, NICHT ABER DIE DER TAUBEN DIE VOLLSINNIGE. IST EINE ERWACHSEN UND DIE ANDERE MINDERJÄHRIG, SO ENTBINDET DIE BEIWOHNUNG DER ERWACHSENEN DIE MINDERJÄHRIGE, NICHT ABER DIE DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN DIE ERWACHSENE.",
+ "WENN JEMAND MIT ZWEI MINDERJÄHRIGEN WAISEN VERHEIRATET WAR UND GESTORBEN IST, UND DER SCHWAGER DER EINEN UND NACHHER DER ANDEREN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER ANDEREN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE ERSTE NICHT UNTAUGLICHGEMACHT. DASSELBE GILT VON ZWEI TAUBEN. WENN EINE MINDERJÄHRIG UND EINE TAUB IST, UND DER SCHWAGER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN UND NACHHER DER TAUBEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER TAUBEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE MINDERJÄHRIGE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT ; WENN DER SCHWAGER DER TAUBEN UND NACHHER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE TAUBE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT.",
+ "WENN EINE VOLLSINNIG UND DIE ANDERE TAUB IST, UND DER SCHWAGER DER VOLLSINNIGEN UND NACHHER DER TAUBEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER TAUBEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE VOLLSINNIGE NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; WENN DER SCHWAGER DER TAUBEN UND NACHHER DER VOLLSINNIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER VOLLSINNIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE TAUBE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT.",
+ "WENN EINE GROSSJÄHRIG UND DIE ANDERE MINDERJÄHRIG IST, UND DER SCHWAGER DER GROSSJÄHRIGEN UND NACHHER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE GROSSJÄHRIGE NICHT UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT; WENN DER SCHWAGER DER MINDERJÄHRIGEN UND NACHHER DER GROSSJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, ODER SEIN BRUDER DER GROSSJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO HAT ER DIE MINDERJÄHRIGE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT. R. ELEA͑ZAR SAGT, MAN VERANLASSE DIE MINDERJÄHRIGE, IHM DIE WEIGERUNG ZU ERKLÄREN.",
+ "WENN EIN MINDERJÄHRIGER SCHWAGER EINER MINDERJÄHRIGEN SCHWÄGERIN BEIGEWOHNT HAT, SO MÜSSEN SIE ZUSAMMEN GROSSJÄHRIG WERDEN; HAT ER EINER GROSSJÄHRIGEN BEIGEWOHNT, SO LASSE SIE IHN GROSSJÄHRIGWERDEN. WENN DIE SCHWÄGERIN INNERHALB DREISSIG TAGENSAGT, ER HABE IHR NICHT BEIGEWOHNT, SO ZWINGE MAN IHN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN; WENN NACH DREISSIG TAGEN, SO ERSUCHE MAN IHN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN. GIBT ER DIESZU, SO ZWINGE MAN IHN AUCH NACH ZWÖLF MONATEN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN.",
+ "HAT SIE SICH BEI LEBZEITEN IHRES EHEMANNES DEN GENUSS VON IHREM SCHWAGER ABGELOBT, SO ZWINGE MAN IHN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇAZU VOLLZIEHEN; WENN NACH DEM TODE IHRES EHEMANNES, SO ERSUCHE MAN IHN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇAZU VOLLZIEHEN. BEABSICHTIGTE SIE DIES, SO KANN MAN, AUCH WENN SIE ES BEI LEBZEITEN IHRES EHEMANNES GETAN HAT, IHN NUR ERSUCHEN, AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ZU VOLLZIEHEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EIN TAUBER EINE VOLLSINNIGE ODER EIN VOLLSINNIGER EINE TAUBE GEHEIRATET HAT, SO KANN ER, WENN ER WILL, SIE ENTFERNEN, UND WENN ER WILL, SIE BEHALTEN; WIE ER SIE DURCH ZEICHEN GENOMMEN HAT, SO KANN ER SIE DURCH ZEICHEN ENTFERNEN. WENN EIN VOLLSINNIGER EINE VOLLSINNIGE GEHEIRATET HAT UND SIE TAUB GEWORDEN IST, SO KANN ER, WENN ER WILL, SIE ENTFERNEN, UND WENN ER WILL, SIE BEHALTEN; IST SIE BLÖDSINNIG GEWORDEN, SO KANN ER SIE NICHT ENTFERNEN; IST ER TAUB ODER BLÖDSINNIG GEWORDEN, SO KANN ER SIE NIMMER ENTFERNEN. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SPRACH: WESHALB SOLL EINE TAUB GEWORDENE FRAU ENTFERNT WERDEN, EIN TAUB GEWORDENER MANN ABER NICHT ENTFERNEN KÖNNEN!? MAN ERWIDERTE IHM: DER MANN, DER DIE SCHEIDUNG AUSBRINGT, GLEICHT NICHT DER FRAU, DIE GESCHIEDEN WIRD; DIE FRAU WIRD ENTFERNT MIT IHREM WILLEN UND GEGEN IHREN WILLEN, DER MANN ABER ENTFERNT SIE NUR MIT SEINEM WILLEN.",
+ "R. JOḤANAN B. GUDGADA BEKUNDETE, DASS EINE DURCH IHREN VATER VERHEIRATETE TAUBE DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF ENTFERNT WERDEN KANN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: MIT JENER VERHÄLT ES SICH EBENSO.",
+ "WENN ZWEI TAUBE BRÜDER MIT ZWEI TAUBEN SCHWESTERN, ZWEI VOLLSINNIGEN SCHWESTERN, ODER ZWEI SCHWESTERN, VON DENEN EINE TAUB UND EINE VOLLSINNIG IST, VERHEIRATET SIND, ODER WENN ZWEI TAUBE SCHWESTERN MIT ZWEI VOLLSINNIGEN BRÜDERN, ZWEI TAUBEN BRÜDERN, ODER ZWEI BRÜDERN, VON DENEN EINER TAUB UND EINER VOLLSINNIG IST, VERHEIRATET SIND, SO SIND SIE VON DER ḤÀLIÇA UND DER SCHWAGEREHE ENTBUNDEN; SIND SIE EINANDER FREMD, SO MÜSSEN SIE SIE NEHMEN, UND WENN SIE WOLLEN, ENTFERNEN SIE SIE.",
+ "WENN ZWEI BRÜDER, EIN TAUBER UND EIN VOLLSINNIGER, MIT ZWEI VOLLSINNIGEN SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? SIE IST ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREI. WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER ENTFERNE SEINE FRAU DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS IST FÜR IMMER VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN ZWEI VOLLSINNIGE BRÜDER MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN, EINER TAUBEN UND EINER VOLLSINNIGEN, VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? SIE IST ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREI. WAS TUE DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER ENTFERNE SEINE FRAU DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DURCH ḤALIÇA.",
+ "WENN ZWEI BRÜDER, EIN TAUBER UND EIN VOLLSINNIGER, MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN, EINER TAUBEN UND EINER VOLLSINNIGEN, VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? SIE IST ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREI. WAS TUE DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER ENTFERNE SEINE FRAU DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS IST FÜR IMMER VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN ZWEI BRÜDER, EIN TAUBER UND EIN VOLLSINNIGER, MIT ZWEI EINANDER FREMDEN VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? ER VOLLZIEHE DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE. WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER MUSS SIE NEHMEN UND KANN SIE NIMMER ENTFERNEN.",
+ "WENN ZWEI VOLLSINNIGE BRÜDER MIT ZWEI EINANDER FREMDEN, EINER VOLLSINNIGEN UND EINER TAUBEN, VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? ER MUSS SIE NEHMEN, UND WENN ER WILL, ENTFERNE ER SIE. WAS TUE DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER VOLLZIEHE AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "WENN ZWEI BRÜDER, EIN TAUBER UND EIN VOLLSINNIGER, MIT ZWEI EINANDER FREMDEN, EINER TAUBEN UND EINER VOLLSINNIGEN, VERHEIRATET SIND, UND DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE STIRBT, WAS TUE DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE? ER MUSS SIE NEHMEN, UND WENN ER WILL, ENTFERNE ER SIE. WAS TUE DER MIT DER TAUBEN VERHEIRATETE TAUBE, WENN DER MIT DER VOLLSINNIGEN VERHEIRATETE VOLLSINNIGE STIRBT? ER MUSS SIE NEHMEN UND KANN SIE NIMMER ENTFERNEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EINE FRAU MIT IHREM MANNE NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST IST, UND SOWOHL ZWISCHEN IHM UND IHR ALS AUCH IN DER WELT FRIEDEN HERRSCHTE, UND SIE ZURÜCKKOMMT UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN; IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO DARF AN IHR DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN WERDEN. WENN FRIEDEN ZWISCHEN IHM UND IHR, ABER KRIEG IN DER WELT, ODER ZANK ZWISCHEN IHM UND IHR, ABER FRIEDEN IN DER WELT HERRSCHTE, UND SIE ZURÜCKKOMMT UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE NICHT GLAUBHAFT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SIE SEI ÜBERHAUPT NUR DANN GLAUBHAFT, WENN SIE WEINEND UND MIT ZERRISSENEN KLEIDERN ZURÜCKKOMMT. MAN ERWIDERTE IHM! OB SO ODER SO DARF SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN.",
+ "DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGTE: WIR HÖRTEN DIESNUR VON DEM FALLE, WENN SIE VON DER GETREIDEERNTE KOMMT, UND ZWAR GILT DIES NUR IM SELBEN LANDE, WIE BEI JENEM EREIGNISSE. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: EINERLEI, OB SIE VON DER GETREIDEERNTE, VON DER OLIVENLESE ODER VON DER WEINLESE KOMMT, AUCH WENN VON EINEM LANDE NACH DEM ANDEREN; DIE WEISEN SPRECHEN NUR DESHALB VON DER GETREIDEERNTE, WEIL JENER FALL SICH DANN EREIGNETE. DIE SCHULE HILLELS TRAT ZURÜCK UND BEKANNTE SICH ZUR ANSICHT DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGTE, SIEDÜRFE SICH VERHEIRATEN UND ERHALTE IHRE MORGENGABE; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGTE, SIE DÜRFE SICH VERHEIRATEN UND ERHALTE NICHT IHRE MORGENGABE. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SPRACH ZU JENER: WENN IHR DIE SCHWERE UNZUCHT FREIGEGEBENHABT, WIE SOLLTEN WIR DEN LEICHTEREN GELDBETRAG NICHT FREIGEBEN!? DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERWIDERTE : WIR FINDEN, DASS AUF IHRE AUSSAGE HIN DIE BRÜDER DIE ERBSCHAFT NICHT ANTRETEN. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ENTGEGNETE: DIESGEHT AUCH AUS DER URKUNDE IHRER MORGENGABE HERVOR, DENN IN DIESER SCHRIEB ER IHR: WENN DU DICH MIT EINEM ANDEREN VERHEIRATEST, SO ERHÄLTST DU, WAS DIR VERSCHRIEBEN IST. DIE SCHULE HILLELS TRAT ZURÜCK UND BEKANNTE SICH ZUR ANSICHT DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "ALLE SIND GLAUBHAFT, FÜR SIE ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN, AUSGENOMMEN IHRE SCHWIEGERMUTTER, DIE TOCHTER IHRER SCHWIEGERMUTTER, IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN, IHRE SCHWÄGERINUND DIE TOCHTER IHRES MANNES. WELCHEN UNTERSCHIED GIBT ES ZWISCHEN SCHEIDUNGUND TOD? DIE URKUNDE BEWEIST ES. WENN EIN ZEUGE BEKUNDET HATTE, ER SEI GESTORBEN, WORAUF SIE SICH VERHEIRATETE, UND DARAUF EIN ANDERER KOMMT UND SAGT, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE NICHT ZU ENTFERNEN. WENN EIN ZEUGE SAGT, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND ZWEI ZEUGEN SAGEN, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE, SELBST WENN SIE SICH BEREITS VERHEIRATET HAT, ZU ENTFERNEN. WENN ZWEI SAGEN, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND EINER SAGT, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE, SELBST WENN SIE SICH NOCH NICHT VERHEIRATET HAT, SICH VERHEIRATEN.",
+ "WENN EINESAGT, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND EINE SAGT, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, SO DARF DIE, DIE ER SEI GESTORBEN SAGT, SICH VERHEIRATEN UND SIE ERHÄLT IHRE MORGENGABE, UND DIE, DIE ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN SAGT, DARF SICH NICHT VERHEIRATEN UND SIE ERHÄLT NICHT IHRE MORGENGABE. WENN EINE SAGT, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND EINE SAGT, ER SEI ERSCHLAGEN WORDEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE, WIE R. MEÍR SAGT, DA SIE EINANDER WIDERSPRECHEN, SICH NICHT VERHEIRATEN; R. JEHUDA UND R. ŠIMO͑N SAGEN, DA BEIDE ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, DASS ER NICHT LEBE, SO DÜRFEN SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN. WENN EIN ZEUGE SAGT, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND EIN ZEUGESAGT, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, ODER EINE FRAU SAGT, ER SEI GESTORBEN, UND EINE FRAUSAGT, ER SEI NICHT GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE SICH NICHT VERHEIRATEN.",
+ "WENN EINE FRAU, DIE MIT IHREM EHEMANNE NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST WAR, ZURÜCKKOMMT UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN UND ERHÄLT IHRE MORGENGABE, WÄHREND IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN VERBOTENIST. IST DIESE EINE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIEHEBE ESSEN – SO R. TRYPHON. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, NICHT DIESER WEG BEWAHRE SIE VOR SÜNDE, VIELMEHR SEI IHR DIE VERHEIRATUNG, ABER AUCH DAS ESSEN VON HEBE VERBOTEN. SAGT SIE, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR SCHWIEGERVATER GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN UND ERHÄLT IHRE MORGENGABE, WÄHREND IHRE SCHWIEGERMUTTER VERBOTEN IST. IST DIESE EINE MIT EINEM PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE TOCHTER EINES JISRAÉLITEN, SO DARF SIE HEBE ESSEN – SO R. TRYPHON. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, NICHT DIESER WEG BEWAHRE SIE VOR SÜNDE, VIELMEHR IST IHR DIE VERHEIRATUNG, ABER AUCH DAS ESSEN VON HEBE VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SICH EINE FRAU VON FÜNF ANGETRAUT, UND NICHT WEISS, WELCHE ER SICH ANGETRAUT HAT, UND JEDE SAGT: MICH HAT ER SICH ANGETRAUT, SO GEBE ER JEDER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF, LEGE DIE MORGENGABE IN IHRE MITTE UND ENTFERNE SICH – SO R. TRYPHON. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, NICHT DIESER WEG BEWAHRE IHN VOR SÜNDE, VIELMEHR GEBE ER JEDER EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND DIE MORGENGABE. WENN JEMAND EINEN VON FÜNF BERAUBT, UND NICHT WEISS, WEN ER BERAUBT HAT, UND JEDER SAGT: MICH HAT ER BERAUBT, SO LEGE ER DAS GERAUBTE IN IHRE MITTE UND ENTFERNE SICH – SO R. TRYPHON. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, NICHT DIESER WEG BE- FREIE IHN VON DER SÜNDE, VIELMEHR ERSETZE ER DAS GERAUBTE JEDEM.",
+ "WENN EINE FRAU, DIE MIT IHREM MANNE UND IHREM SOHNE NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST WAR, ZURÜCKKOMMT UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR SOHN GESTORBEN, SO IST SIEGLAUBHAFT; WENN ABER: IHR SOHN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR MANN GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE NICHTGLAUBHAFT, JEDOCH BERÜCKSICHTIGE MAN IHRE WORTE, UND VOLLZIEHE AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "SAGT SIE, SIE HÄTTE IM ÜBERSEELANDE EINEN SOHN BEKOMMEN, UND IHR SOHN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR MANN GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE GLAUBHAFT; WENN ABER: IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR SOHN GESTORBEN, SO IST SIE NICHT GLAUBHAFT, JEDOCH BERÜCKSICHTIGE MAN IHRE WORTE, UND VOLLZIEHE AN IHR DIE ḤALIÇA UND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHE.",
+ "SAGT SIE, SIE HÄTTE IM ÜBERSEELANDE EINEN SCHWAGER BEKOMMEN, UND UHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER SEI IHR SCHWAGER GESTORBEN, ODER IHR SCHWAGER UND NACHHER IHR MANN, SO IST SIE GLAUBHAFT. WENN SIE MIT IHREM MANNE UND IHREM SCHWAGER NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST WAR UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN UND NACHHER IHR SCHWAGER, ODER IHR SCHWAGER UND NACHHER IHR MANN, SO IST SIE NICHT GLAUBHAFT, DENN EINE FRAU IST NICHT GLAUBHAFT, WENN SIE SAGT, IHR SCHWAGER SEI GESTORBEN, UM SICH ZU VERHEIRATEN, ODER IHRE SCHWESTER SEI GESTORBEN, UM IN IHR HAUSEINZUZIEHEN. DESGLEICHEN IST EIN MANN NICHT GLAUBHAFT, WENN ER SAGT, SEIN BRUDER SEI GESTORBEN, UM AN DESSEN FRAU DIE SCHWAGEREHE ZU VOLLZIEHEN, ODER SEINE FRAU SEI GESTORBEN, UM IHRE SCHWESTER ZU HEIRATEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN MAN EINER FRAU, DEREN MANN UND NEBENBUHLERIN NACH DEM ÜBERSEELANDE VERREIST SIND, BERICHTET, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE SICH NICHT EHER VERHEIRATEN ODER DIE SCHWAGEREHE EINGEHEN, ALS BIS SIE ERFAHREN HAT, OB NICHT DIESE IHRE NEBENBUHLERIN SCHWANGER IST. HATTE SIE EINE SCHWIEGERMUTTER, SO BRAUCHT SIE NICHTS ZU BERÜCKSICHTIGEN; VERREISTE DIESE SCHWANGER, SO BERÜCKSICHTIGE SIE ES; R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SIE BRAUCHE ES NICHT ZU BERÜCK SICHTIGEN.",
+ "WENN VON ZWEI SCHWÄGERINNEN DIE EINE SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, UND DIE ANDERE SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO IST DIE EINE VERBOTENWEGEN DES MANNES DER ANDEREN, UND DIE ANDERE VERBOTEN WEGEN DES MANNES JENER. HAT EINE ZEUGENUND EINE KEINE ZEUGEN, SO IST, DIE ZEUGEN HAT, VERBOTEN, UND DIE KEINE ZEUGEN HAT, ERLAUBT. HAT EINE KINDER UND EINE KEINE KINDER, SO IST, DIE KINDER HAT, ERLAUBT, UND DIE KEINE KINDER HAT, VERBOTEN. WENN AN IHNEN DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN WORDEN IST UND DIE SCHWÄGER GESTORBEN SIND, SO DÜRFEN SIE SICH NICHT VERHEIRATEN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, DA SIE DEN SCHWÄGERN ERLAUBTWURDEN, SIND SIE JEDERMANN ERLAUBT.",
+ "MAN KANN BEKUNDENNUR AUF GRUND DES GESICHTES MIT DER NASE, SELBST WENN KENNZEICHEN AN SEINEM KÖRPER ODER SEINEN KLEIDERN VORHANDEN SIND. MAN KANN BEKUNDEN, NUR WENN IHM DIE SEELE AUSGESGHIEDEN IST, SELBST WENN MAN IHN ZERSCHNITTEN, GEKREUZIGT ODER VON EINEM WILDEN TLERE GEFRESSEN GESEHENHAT. MAN KANN BEKUNDEN NUR INNERHALB DREIERTAGE. R. JEHUDA B. BABA SAGT, NICHT ALLE MENSCHEN, NICHT ALLE ORTE UND NICHT ALLE ZEITEN GLEICHEN EINANDER.",
+ "WENN JEMAND IN EIN GEWÄSSER GEFALLEN IST, EINERLEI OB ES UMGRENZT ODER NICHT UMGRENZT IST, SO IST SEINE FRAU VERBOTEN. R. MEÍR SAGTE : EINST FIEL JEMAND IN EINEN GROSSEN BRUNNEN, UND NACH DREI TAGEN KAM ER HERAUF. R. JOSE SAGTE: EINST STIEG EIN BLINDER IN EINE HÖHLE HINAB, UM ZU BADEN, UND NACH IHM STIEG SEIN FÜHRER HINAB, UND NACHDEM MAN SO LANGE GEWARTET HATTE, BIS IHNEN DAS LEBEN AUSGING, ERLAUBTE MAN IHREN FRAUEN ZU HEIRATEN. FERNER EREIGNETE ES SICH IN A͑SJA, DASS MAN JEMAND INS MEER HINABLIESS UND DARAUF NUR SEIN BEIN HERAUFZOG, UND DIE WEISEN ENTSCHIEDEN: WENN VOM KNIE AUFWÄRTS, SO DARF SIE SICH VERHEIRATEN, WENN VOM KNIE ABWÄRTS, SO DARF SIE SICH NICHT VERHEIRATEN.",
+ "AUGH WENN MAN NUR FRAUEN SAGEN HÖRT, N. SEI GESTORBEN, SO GENÜGTDIES. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH WENN MAN NUR KINDER SAGEN HÖRT, SIE GEHEN N. BETRAUERN UND BEGRABEN, GENÜGE DIES. EINERLEI, OB SIE DIESBEABSICHTIGT HABEN ODER NICHT. R. JEHUDA B. BABA SAGT, EIN JISRAÉLIT, AUCH WENN ER ES BEABSICHTIGT HAT; DAS ZEUGNIS EINES NICHTJUDEN ABER SEI, WENN ER ES BEABSICHTIGT HAT, UNGÜLTIG.",
+ "MAN KANN BEKUNDEN, AUCH WENN MAN IHN NUR BEIM LICHTSCHEIN ODER MONDSCHEIN GESEHEN HAT, UND MAN ERLAUBE ZU HEIRATEN AUF GRUND EINES WIDERHALLS. EINST HÖRTE MAN JEMAND, DER ANSCHEINEND AUF DEM GIPFEL EINES BERGES STAND, RUFEN: N., SOHN DES N., AUS DEM ORTE N. IST GESTORBEN. ALS MAN DA HINGING, FAND MAN NIEMAND. HIERAUF ERLAUBTE MAN SEINER FRAU ZU HEIRATEN. FERNER EREIGNETE ES SICH EINST IN ÇALMON, DASS JEMAND RIEF: ICH BIN N., SOHN DES N., EINE SCHLANGE BISS MICH UND ICH STERBE. ALS MAN DA HINGING, ERKANNTE MAN IHN NICHT. HIERAUF ERLAUBTE MAN SEINER FRAU ZU HEIRATEN.",
+ "R.A͑QIBA ERZÄHLTE: ALS ICH NACH NEHARDEA͑ ZUR INTERKALATION DES SCHALTJAHRES KAM, TRAF ICH NEḤEMJA AUS BEDALI, UND DIESER SAGTE MIR, ER HABE GEHÖRT, MIT AUSNAHME VON JEHUDA B. BABA ERLAUBE NIEMAND IM JISRAÉLLANDE EINER FRAU AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES EINZELNEN ZEUGEN HIN ZU HEIRATEN. ICH SPRACH ZU IHM: SO IST ES. HIERAUF SPRACH ER ZU MIR: SAGE IHNEN IN MEINEM NAMEN: IHR WISSET, DASS IN DIESEM LANDE KRIEGSBANDEN STREIFEN; VON R. GAMLIÉL DEM ÄLTEREN IST ES MIR ÜBERLIEFERT, DASS MAN AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES EINZELNEN ZEUGEN HIN EINER FRAU ZU HEIRATEN ERLAUBE. ALS ICH DIES R. GAMLIÉL UNTERBREITETE, FREUTE ER SICH ÜBER MEINE WORTE UND SPRACH: WIR HABEN INR. JEHUDA B. BABA EINEN GENOSSENGEFUNDEN. DURCH DIESE UNTERHALTUNG ERINNERTE SICH R. GAMLIÉL, DASS LEUTE IN TEL A͑RZAGETÖTET WURDEN, UND R. GAMLIÉL DER ÄLTERE AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES EINZELNEN ZEUGEN HIN IHREN FRAUEN ZU HEIRATEN ERLAUBTE. ES WURDE DANN EINGEFÜHRT, DIE HEIRAT ZU ERLAUBEN AUF GRUND DER AUSSAGE EINES ZEUGEN AUS DEM MUNDEEINES ZEUGEN, AUS DEM MUNDE EINES SKLAVEN, AUS DEM MUNDE EINER FRAU ODER DEM MUNDE EINER SKLAVIN. R. ELIE͑ZER UND R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGEN, MAN ERLAUBE EINER FRAU NICHT, AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES EINZELNEN ZEUGEN HIN ZU HEIRATEN. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, WEDER AUF GRUND DER AUSSAGE EINER FRAU NOCH EINES SKLAVEN NOCH EINER SKLAVIN NOCH EINES VERWANDTEN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: EINST GINGEN LEVITEN NACH DER PALMENSTADT ÇOA͑R, UND ALS EINER VON IHNEN ERKRANKTE, BRACHTEN SIE IHN IN EIN GASTHAUS. AUF IHRER RÜCKKEHR FRAGTEN SIE DIE GASTWIRTIN, WO IHR GEFÄHRTE SEI, UND DIESE ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GESTORBEN UND SIE HABE IHN BEGRABEN. HIERAUF ERLAUBTE MAN SEINER FRAU ZU HEIRATEN. SOLLTE EINE PRIESTERINNICHT EBENSO GLAUBHAFT SEIN WIE JENE GASTWIRTIN!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: IN EINEM FALLE, WIE BEI DER GASTWIRTIN, IST SIE AUCH GLAUBHAFT. DIE GASTWIRTIN ÜBERREICHTE IHNEN SEINEN STAB, SEINEN REISESACK UND DIE TORAROLLE, DIE ER BEI SICH GEFÜHRT HATTE."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed7be5b25bbacd0aa0d4678b8a0acf0a5af40b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tFifteen women exempt their tzaroth [\"rival wives\"] from chalitzah [release from yibum (levirate marriage)] and from yibum all the way down the line (i.e., tzarah of tzarah of tzarah, etc.). [If one of them were married to his brother, who (with her) had two wives, and he died without children, they are both exempt, it being written (Leviticus 18:8): \"And a woman together with her sister you shall not take to be rivals (litzror) to reveal her nakedness upon her.\" What is the intent of \"upon her\"? To teach that even his yevamah, of whom it is written (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"Her yavam shall come upon her\" — if she is \"a woman together with her sister,\" you shall not take her. And the same applies to all of the other arayoth where kareth obtains. And this tells me only of her. Whence is her tzarah derived (as likewise forbidden)? From \"litzror,\" which implies: Take neither her, nor her tzarah, nor the tzarah of her tzarah.] They (the fifteen women) are: His daughter [His daughter from his anussah (a woman that he had forced), as is the case with \"the daughter of his daughter\" and \"the daughter of his son.\" For his daughter from his wife is \"bath ishto.\" For since it is written (Leviticus 18:17): \"The nakedness of a woman (ishah) and her daughter you shall not reveal,\" it makes no difference whether it is his or another's daughter. But his daughter from his anussah is not derived from that verse, for \"ishah\" connotes marriage. It is derived, rather, from (Ibid. 10): \"The nakedness of the daughter of your son or the daughter of your daughter.\"], the daughter of his daughter, the daughter of his son, the daughter of his wife, the daughter of her son, the daughter of her daughter, his mother-in-law, the mother of his mother-in-law, the mother of his father-in-law [All of these are forbidden to him by reason of (Ibid. 17): \"The nakedness of a woman and her daughter you shall not reveal. The daughter of her son and the daughter of her daughter, etc.\", subsumed in which are his mother-in-law, the mother of his mother-in-law, and the mother of his father-in-law.], his sister from his mother [who married his brother from his father, who died, as is the case with his mother's sister. For yibum obtains only with one's brother from his father, this being derived by \"brotherhood\" identity from the sons of Yaakov (see Deuteronomy 25:5). Just as there, (they were all) brothers from the father, but not (necessarily) from the mother, here, too, (in the instance of yibum), it is not different.], his mother's sister, his wife's sister, the wife of his brother from his mother, [who, after her husband's death, married his brother from his father, to whom she is not kin. If he died without children, and she fell before him for yibum, she is forbidden to him by reason of her first having been the wife of his brother from his mother, who is forbidden to him perpetually, it being written (Leviticus 18:16): \"The nakedness of the wife of your brother,\" which is expounded \"your brother,\" whether from your father or from your mother.], and the wife of his brother who was not in his world [e.g., Reuven died without children and after his death, a brother, Levi, was born. Shimon took Reuven's wife in yibum. He had another wife and he died without children. Both of Shimon's wives fell before Levi for yibum. Both are exempt. The wife of Reuven who had been married to Shimon is forbidden to Levi on (liability of) kareth, Scripture having excluded her (from yibum), viz. (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"When brothers dwell together\" — when both of them had \"one dwelling\" (i.e., when they were concurrently alive) in the world. Therefore, when Reuven died, she was rendered perpetually forbidden to Levi (just as the wife of a brother who has children). And though now she falls to Levi through the marriage of Shimon, who was in his world, she is forbidden to him by reason of Reuven. And just as she is forbidden, so her tzarah is forbidden.], and his daughter-in-law. [His son died and she married his (her father-in-law's) brother. His daughter-in-law is forbidden to him perpetually, even after his son's death.] These (the aforementioned) exempt their tzaroth and the tzaroth of their tzaroth from chalitzah and from yibum all the way down the line. And all of them — if they died, or refused (his brother), or were divorced, or were found to be eiloniyoth (barren) — their tzaroth are permitted. [e.g., if his daughter died before his brother did, or if she refused him. And even though (normally), refusal (miun) obtains only with an orphaned minor, who was married by her mother and her brothers, it may also occur in her father's lifetime, as when her father married her to another and she was divorced when still a minor, in which instance her father no longer has jurisdiction over her. If she then married her father's brother while still a minor, she then can gain release through miun. (She is referred to later as \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\") If she refused his brother, or were divorced by him, or were found to be an eilonith (in which instance \"her purchase was mistaken\" and it is as if she were never his brother's wife), her tzarah is taken in yibum.] [\"eilonith\" — from \"ayil,\" a ram. The characteristics of an eilonith are: an absence of breasts and of (pubertal) signs, a thick voice, like that of a man, and a lack of a \"belly slope,\" characteristic of women, i.e., her pudendum not projecting from her body, as that of other women.] And it cannot be said of his mother-in-law, the mother of his mother-in-law, and the mother of his father-in-law, that they were found to be eiloniyoth or that they refused. [For they already bore children to another before they married his brother. Therefore, they are not eiloniyoth. And miun, also, does not obtain with them, their being adults, and miun obtaining only with minors. As to our tanna's not including one's mother among those women who exempt their tzaroth from yibum, he holds with the ruling that one may not marry a woman whom his father had forced or seduced. But according to the ruling that one may marry her, and that this is the halachah, it is possible for one's mother to marry his brother from his father; and if his brother dies without children, his mother falls before him for yibum. So that there are found to be sixteen women who exempt their tzaroth, his mother being one of them. And this is the halachah.]",
+ "\tHow do they exempt their tzaroth? If his daughter or one of the other of all these arayoth (forbidden relations) were married to his brother, who had another wife, and he died — just as his daughter is exempt (from yibum) [being forbidden to him, and there being no other brother but he], so her tzarah is exempt. If his daughter's tzarah went and married his second brother [in an instance where there is another brother, in which case both women are permitted to him and are not exempt, the mitzvah of yibum obtaining, in which instance he takes one of them in yibum and the other is exempt, it being written (Deuteronomy 25:9): \"the house of his brother\" — he builds one house, and not two], and he had another wife, and he died [without children, and they fell before him (for yibum)], just as the tzarah of his daughter is exempt [having been forbidden to him from the time she fell (for yibum) from his first brother], so the tzarah of her tzarah [the other wife of his second brother] is exempt [the first tzarah exempting her, the tzarah of an ervah (a forbidden relation) exempting her tzarah] — even if there were a hundred [brothers, and the tzarah of his daughter's tzarah went and was taken in yibum by his third brother, who had another wife, and he died without children; both are forbidden to him, and so, all the way down the line.] How, if they died, are their tzaroth permitted? If his daughter or one of the other of all of these arayoth were married to his brother, and he had another wife — if his daughter died or were divorced, and then his brother died, her tzarah is permitted [to be taken in yibum, for at the time of the yibum option, she was not her tzarah.] And if she [the ervah] could have refused [being a minor], and did not refuse [and his brother died], her tzarah performs chalitzah and is not taken in yibum. [Since she is considered married only by rabbinical ordinance and her yibum connection obtains only by rabbinical ordinance, she does not exempt her tzarah from chalitzah; but she is forbidden to be taken in yibum, because she seems like the tzarah of an ervah.]",
+ "\tSix arayoth are more stringent than these [and what is their \"stringency\"?] — being married to others, [not being able to marry his brother from his father. And if their husbands die, who are not kin to this one, their tzaroth are permitted to marry him. For the tzarah of an ervah is forbidden to him only when she falls before him for yibum from his brother. And Rabbeinu Moshe ben Maimon explained: If they wed his brother illicitly, and he died without children, and they fell for yibum before him, their tzaroth are permitted. For these are not tzaroth of ervah, the marriage of his brother to these arayoth not being binding.] Their tzaroth are permitted: his mother [She may not marry his brother from his father, being forbidden to him by reason of \"the wife of his father\" (this according to the view that the anussah of his father is forbidden. I explained above that this is not the halachah; but that his mother exempts her tzarah, his mother being permitted to marry his brother from his father.)], the wife of his father, the sister of his father, his sister from his father, and the wife of his brother from his father [who had children. All are forbidden to his brother just as they are forbidden to him, and he never has any yibum linkage with these. If others married them, and they had other wives, and they died, their tzaroth are permitted to marry him. Likewise, if his brother married them illicitly and he died without children, their tzaroth are permitted.]",
+ "\tBeth Shammai permit tzaroth to brothers. [They permit the tzarah of an ervah to be taken in yibum by one's brother, not expounding \"litzror\" (see above)], and Beth Hillel forbid them. If they [the tzaroth] received chalitzah [ from the brothers], Beth Shammai regard them [the tzaroth] as unfit for (marriage within) the priesthood, [their chalitzah being valid (and a chalutzah being forbidden to a Cohein)], and Beth Hillel regard them as fit, [their chalitzah having been unnecessary, and akin to chalitzah from a gentile.] If they were taken in yibum [by the brothers], Beth Shammai regard them as fit [for marriage to Cohanim if they are widowed from their husbands], and Beth Hillel as unfit, [living with those forbidden to them rendering them \"zonah,\" and thus forbidden to a Cohein]. Although these forbid, and these permit; these regard as unfit and these as fit, Beth Shammai did not keep from marrying women from Beth Hillel, and Beth Hillel did not keep from marrying women from Beth Shammai. [And even though the children of the tzaroth who were taken in yibum according to the ruling of Beth Shammai are mamzerim according to Beth Hillel, (the interdict against a brother's wife applying to them, the punishment for transgression being kareth, and the children born of a kareth union being mamzerim), still, Beth Hillel did not keep from marrying women from Beth Shammai; for they would apprise them which came from tzaroth and they would avoid them.] In all those instances where these ruled clean and the others unclean, they did not keep from observing ritual cleanliness among each other. [i.e., They would lend their vessels to each other. (The gemara asks why Beth Shammai's permitting the tzaroth to the brothers and Beth Hillel's forbidding them should not come under (Deuteronomy 14:1): \"Lo tithgodedu\" — you shall not form opposing factions (\"agudoth, agudoth\") — and it answers that \"lo tithgodedu\" would apply to one beth-din in one city, where half the judges ruled according to Beth Shammai, and half according to Beth Hillel — but not to two batei-din in one city, and certainly not to two batei-din in two cities.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tHow does \"the wife of his brother who was not in his world\" [exempt her tzarah]? If there were two brothers and one of them died, and a brother was born to them, [to whom she was yibum-linked, but to whom (the third brother) she is forbidden by reason of \"the wife of his brother who was not in his world\"], and afterwards the second brother [who had a wife of his own] took his brother's wife in yibum, and he died [without children] — then the first woman [the wife of the first who had already fallen before him once (for yibum)] goes out (i.e., she is not taken in yibum) by reason of \"the wife of his brother who was not in his world\"; and the second (goes out) by virtue of being her tzarah. If he (the second) made a ma'amar in her (the first brother's wife) and he died [i.e., if he betrothed her with money. With a yevamah, money-betrothal is not bona fide betrothal, but obtains only by ordinance of the scribes. For a yevamah is not acquired by the yavam to be considered a married woman until he lives with her; and in this instance he had not lived with her before he died.], the second wife receives chalitzah [ and she is not exempt by reason of tzarath ervah, because she is not actually her tzarah], and she is not taken in yibum [because ma'amar acquires to a certain extent, and she is tzarath ervah to a certain extent. And wherever bona fide betrothal does not obtain, she receives chalitzah and is not taken yibum.]",
+ "\tIf there were two brothers and one of them died, and the second took his brother's wife in yibum, and then a brother were born, and then he [the second brother] died — the first woman goes out by reason of \"the wife of his brother who was not in his world,\" and the second by reason of being her tzarah. If he made a ma'amar in her and he died, the second receives chalitzah, and she is not taken in yibum. R. Shimon says: He can take either one in yibum or give chalitzah to either one. [And she exempts the other thereby. This does not relate to \"If he made a ma'amar in her,\" but to the first part, viz.: \"The first one goes out, etc.\" R. Shimon holds that since when he was born she had already been taken in yibum, and had never had a yibum linkage to him (the one who was born later) from the first brother, she is permitted to him. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]",
+ "\tA general principle was stated in respect to a yevamah: If she is an issur ervah (interdicted as an ervah), she [her tzarah, and, it goes without saying, she herself], is subject to neither chalitzah nor yibum. [The same applies to an eilonith, it being written (Deuteronomy 25:6): \"And it shall be, the first-born that she bears\" — to exclude an eilonith. Likewise, the wife of a seris chammah (one born without testicles), and a hermaphrodite is subject to neither chalitzah not yibum, it being written (Ibid. 5): \"and he have no son\" — to exclude those who are incapable of begetting children. And the wife of a proselyte and of a freed bondsman is subject to neither chalitzah not yibum, there being no \"brotherhood\" to proselytes nor bondsmen. But a barren woman or an old woman receive chalitzah or are taken in yibum.] If she were interdicted as issur mitzvah or issur kedushah (see next Mishnah), she is subject to chalitzah, but not to yibum. If her sister [the sister of an ervah] were her yevamah [as when two sisters from his two brothers fell before him for yibum, one of them being forbidden to him as an ervah (e.g., his mother-in-law or his daughter-in-law)], she either receives chalitzah or is taken in yibum [For in such an instance, he is not in contravention of \"the sister of one linked to him (in yibum),\" an ervah not being linked to him].",
+ "\tIssur mitzvah — shniyoth [secondary to arayoth] interdicted by the soferim. [They are called \"issur mitzvah\" because it is a mitzvah to hearken to the words of the sages. The shniyoth are: the mother of his mother (all the way down the line), the mother of his father's mother alone, the mother of his father (all the way down the line), the mother of his father's father, the wife of his father's father (all the way down the line), the wife of his father's mother (alone), the wife of his father's brother from the mother, the wife of his mother's brother, whether from the mother or from the father, the daughter-in-law of his son (all the way down the line), the daughter-in-law of his daughter, the daughter of the daughter of his son, the daughter of the daughter of his daughter, the daughter of the son of his son, the daughter of the son of his daughter, the daughter of the daughter of the son of his wife, the daughter of the daughter of the daughter of his wife, the mother of the mother of the father of his wife, the mother of the mother of the mother of his wife, the mother of the father of the mother of his wife, and the mother of the father of the father of his wife.] Issur kedushah — a widow to a high-priest [in an instance where his brother, a Cohein, died, and his wife fell before him (for yibum)], a divorced woman and a chalutzah to a plain Cohein [as when his dead brother had transgressed and married a divorced woman or a chalutzah. When he dies, she requires chalitzah, for betrothal \"takes\" in her (betrothal) \"taking\" in those interdicted by negative commandment (but not subject to kareth). But he does not take her in yibum, for she is forbidden to him. And simply to exempt her is impossible, the negative commandment not sufficing to exempt her, our deriving this (exemption) from the (instance of the) sister of one's wife, where kareth obtains], a mamzereth and a Nethinah to a Yisrael, and the daughter of a Yisrael to a Nathin and to a mamzer.",
+ "\tIf one has a brother from any source [even a mamzer], he \"binds\" his brothers wife to yibum, and he is his brother for all purposes [to inherit him and to make himself unclean for him (at his death)] — except for one who has a brother from a bondswoman or from a gentile woman, [her child reverting to her, it being written in respect to a bondswoman (Exodus 21:4): \"The woman and her children shall belong to her master,\" and, in respect to a gentile woman, (Deuteronomy 7:4): \"For he will turn your son away from Me.\" Its not being written: \"For she will turn, etc.\" indicates the meaning to be (Ibid. 3): \"Your daughter do not give to his son,\" for the husband of your daughter will turn your son which your daughter will bear away from Me. But it does not refer to \"His daughter you shall not take for your son,\" for a son born of a gentile woman is not called your son, but her son.] If one has a son from any source, he (that son) exempts his father's wife from yibum, he is liable for striking and cursing him, and he is his son for all purposes — except for one who has a son from a bondswoman or from a gentile woman.",
+ "\tIf a man betrothed one of two sisters and did not know which one, [so that both are forbidden to him, each one possibly being the sister of the woman he married], he gives a get to each. If he died and had another brother, he gives chalitzah to both [for he does not know which is his yevamah. And he cannot give chalitzah to one and take the other in yibum, by reason of \"the sister of his chalutzah.\" (And she is forbidden to him in her sister's lifetime by rabbinical ordinance.) Nor can he take one in yibum first, for she might not be his yevamah, in which instance he would be violating the sister of one \"linked\" to him, who is like his wife. If he had two brothers, one gives chalitzah [to one first], and the second, [if he wishes,] takes [the other] in yibum. [For if she (the other) is his yevamah, all well and good; and if she is the yevamah's sister, he does not violate \"the sister of his linked one,\" for the chalitzah of the other brother had dissolved the linkage.] If the brothers were beforehand and married them [before taking counsel with beth-din], they are not taken from them [for each one can say: \"I married correctly.\" And even if it were otherwise — that the first who wed for yibum really took the sister of his linked one — it was at that time that he transgressed, and when his brother came and took the other, the true yevamah, in yibum, the linkage to the other was retroactively dissolved.]",
+ "\tIf two [who were not brothers] betrothed two sisters, each not knowing which he betrothed, each gives two gittin. If they died, and each had a brother, each gives chalitzah to both, [each being forbidden to perform yibum because of the possibility of \"the sister of his linked one\"]. If one had one brother and the other two, the one brother gives chalitzah to both, [yibum being impossible both before the chalitzah of the second woman, by reason of \"the sister of his linked one,\" and after, by reason of \"the sister of his chalutzah.\" Therefore, since yibum is forbidden, he first gives chalitzah to both, to free the one who is his yevamah to others]; and the two brothers — one gives chalitzah [to dissolve the linkage from his brother, if this is his yevamah], and the second takes (the other) in yibum. [The sister is permitted to the second in any case. If she is his yevamah, all well and good; and if she is the sister of his yevamah, the linkage of the latter was dissolved by his brother's chalitzah.] If they were beforehand and married them, they are not taken from them. If each had two brothers, the brother of one gives chalitzah to one, and the brother of the other gives chalitzah to the other. The latter brother takes the chalutzah of the former in yibum, and the former brother takes the chalutzah of the latter in yibum. [For, in any case, if the one he takes is his yevamah, he has taken her correctly, his brother having given chalitzah not to her, but to her sister, who was not his yevamah, so that the chalitzah is of no import. And if the one he takes is not his yevamah, he has properly wed an unattached woman. For \"the sister of his linked one\" does not obtain here, his brother having given chalitzah to her sister, his yevamah, so that the linkage is dissolved.] If two [brothers of (one of the deceased)] were beforehand, and gave chalitzah [to both of them, (each) not knowing which was his yevamah], the two [other brothers] may not take them [respectively] in yibum [for it may be that the first would be taking the sister of his linked one], but one gives chalitzah [first to one of them], and the other takes [the second] in yibum. [For, in either case, if she is his yevamah, all well and good; and if not, he will not have violated \"the sister of his linked one,\" his brother having given chalitzah to his yevamah. And she (the latter) will not be considered \"a yevamah to the marketplace,\" having received chalitzah from her husband's brother.] And if they [the two other brothers] were beforehand, and married them [after the chalitzah of the first two, not having consulted beth-din], they are not taken from them [as explained before. For there obtains only the possibility of \"the sister of his linked one\" in the marriage of the first. And it may be that he had actually, and properly, married his yevamah, so that the other brother, too, would properly have married an unattached woman. And even if the opposite were the case, and the first had violated \"the sister of his linked one,\" when the second came and took the other in yibum, her linkage would have been (retroactively) dissolved and his (the first brother's) wife would be permitted to him, though he had transgressed in taking her.]",
+ "\tIt is a mitzvah for the elder brother to perform the yibum. [For we expound the verse (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"And he shall take her as a wife in yibum (6): and it shall be the first-born\" (He who performs the yibum shall be the first-born) \"that she bears\" (That yevamah must be capable of bearing — to exclude an eilonith) \"shall be invested\" (The first-born, the yavam, shall be invested) \"in the name of his dead brother\" (to inherit him, his other brothers not sharing with him)]. And if the younger were beforehand (to take her in yibum), he acquires her. If one were suspected of (relations with) a bondswoman, and she were freed, or with a gentile woman, and she became a proselyte, he may not marry her. If he did, she is not taken from him. If one were suspected of (relations with) a married woman, and they (beth-din) took her from him [her husband, because of this one, who caused her to be forbidden to him, and this one went and married her], even though he married her, he must send her away. [For the Torah forbids her also to him, just as she is forbidden to her husband, it being expounded (Numbers 5:13 and 14): \"she be unclean,\" twice — once, vis-à-vis the husband; once, vis-à-vis the adulterer. And this applies only to one who is suspected of adultery; but if one is suspected of relations with an unmarried woman, it would seem that it is a mitzvah for him to marry her, as we find in respect to one who forces a virgin (Deuteronomy 22:29): \"And to him shall she be as a wife.\"]",
+ "\tIf one brings a get from abroad, and he says: \"Before me it was written, and before me it was signed\" [He must say this, as explained in Gittin — according to one view because (abroad) they are not versed in (the knowledge that a get must be written ) lishmah — to its particular end — and, according to another view, because certifying witnesses are not generally available there], he may not marry his (the divorcer's) wife. [For we have only his testimony to rely upon (and he may be lying in order to marry her)]. If he says: \"He died\" or \"I killed him\" or \"We killed him,\" he may not marry his wife. [For since she weds on the basis of his testimony, there may be talk that he \"cast his eyes upon her\" and testified falsely to be able to wed her. But she may marry another; for a woman may be married on the basis of the testimony of one witness.] R. Yehudah says: If he says: \"I killed him,\" his wife may not marry [on the basis of his testimony, even to another. For he is an evil-doer (by his own admission); and the Torah forbids the testimony of an evil-doer. But the halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah, it being ruled that a man does not render himself an evil-doer, being \"solicitous\" of himself. We believe him, then, as to the other's having been killed; but not as to his having killed him. So that even if he says: \"I killed him,\" his wife may marry.] [The gemara explains this (\"We killed him\") to mean: \"I was with his killers, but I did not kill him.\"]",
+ "\tIf a sage forbade a woman to her husband because of a vow [If she vowed to derive no enjoyment from her husband, and he did not absolve her of her vow, and she came to a sage to absolve her of it, and he did not find \"an opening for regret\" (i.e., for absolution of her vow)], he (the sage) may not marry her [because he is suspect (of contriving to marry her)]. If she performed miun or chalitzah before him, he may marry her because he is a beth-din. [That is, this sage did not preside over miun or chalitzah by himself, two or three being required for this, so that he is not suspect. But one expert suffices for the absolution of vows.] And all of them [the sage, and one who brought a get, and one who testified to enable a woman to marry, concerning whom we learned that they may not marry her], if they had wives [at the time] and they died, they are [thereafter] permitted to marry them, [there being no \"suspicion\" in such an instance]. And all [these women] who were married to others [when the sage forbade her, or when the witness testified that her husband had died], and they were divorced or widowed [ from their second husbands], they are permitted to marry them [the sage or the one who brought the get]. And they are all permitted to the sons or the brothers [of those who permitted them, being forbidden only to the permitters themselves; for one does not sin on behalf of his son or his brother. And all of these concerning whom it is stated \"He may not marry her\" — if he did marry her, he need not send her away — with the exception of one who is suspected of adultery, in which instance, if beth-din took her from her husband on the basis of testimony and clear evidence, even if he did marry her, he must send her away. And if there were witnesses only to something suggestive, such as the man leaving and the woman girt in a sinar (a kind of breech-cloth) or the man leaving and the woman rising from her bed, and the like — if he married her, he need not send her away. And if after such witnesses came, the report were broadcast and did not cease after a day and a half — if he married her, he must send her away (unless he had children from her, in which instance he does not send her away, so that suspicion not be cast upon his children).]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf there were four brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and they died, the surviving two perform chalitzah, but not yibum. [For since both women are linked to each brother, the first to perform yibum violates \"the sister of his linked one,\" who is like his wife.] If they were beforehand and married them, they must send them away. R. Eliezer says in the name of Beth Shammai: They may keep them, and Beth Hillel say: They must send them away. [The gemara reverses this, viz.: Beth Shammai say: They must send them away, and Beth Hillel say: They may keep them. For in all places, Beth Shammai's is the stringent ruling, and Beth Hillel's the lenient, except for those noted instances where the opposite is the case. And in general we say: \"Beth Shammai in the place of Beth Hillel is not a Mishnah.\" That is, wherever we find in the Mishnah that Beth Shammai's is the lenient ruling (where it is wont to be Beth Hillel's, so that Beth Shammai stands in the place of Beth Hillel), we assume it to be not a (bona fide) Mishnah, but mistaken, and we reverse it (unless it be one of the noted Mishnayoth where Beth Shammai takes the lenient view and Beth Hillel the stringent one. And in Eduyoth, it is listed in the name of R. Eliezer among the lenient rulings of Beth Shammai and the stringent ones of Beth Hillel.)]",
+ "\tIf one of them were forbidden to one of the brothers as an issur ervah [e.g., his mother-in-law or her mother], he is forbidden to take her and permitted to take her sister [for she is not \"the sister of his linked one,\" an ervah not falling before him for yibum], and the second brother is forbidden to take both. If (one of them were forbidden as an) issur mitzvah or an issur kedushah [who, by Torah ordinance, falls before him for yibum, for which reason her sister is forbidden to him as \"the sister of his linked one\"], they receive chalitzah and are not taken in yibum.",
+ "\tIf one of them were forbidden to one brother as issur ervah, and the other to the other as issur ervah, the woman forbidden to the first is permitted to the second, and the one forbidden to the second is permitted to the first. And this is the intent of (2:3): \"If her sister were her yevamah, she either receives chalitzah or is taken in yibum.\" [For she is not \"the sister of his linked one,\" an ervah not falling before him for yibum.]",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, or to a woman and her daughter, or to a woman and her daughter's daughter, or to a woman and her son's daughter, they receive chalitzah, but are not taken in yibum, and R. Shimon exempts them (from chalitzah). [R. Shimon's rationale (Leviticus 18:18): \"And a woman together with her sister you shall not take litzror\" — When both become tzaroth to each other — as in this case, when both are linked to him for yibum — there shall be no \"taking\" neither in the one nor in the other. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.] If one of them were forbidden to him as an issur ervah, he is forbidden to take her and permitted to take her sister. If she were forbidden to him as an issur mitzvah or as an issur kedushah, they receive chalitzah and are not taken in yibum.",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them single — if one of the sisters' husbands died, and the single brother made a ma'amar in her, and then the second brother died — Beth Shammai say: His wife remains with him [For Beth Shammai hold that the woman betrothed by ma'amar is regarded as his wife, so that when her sister falls before him afterwards she is not forbidden by reason of \"the sister of his linked one\"], and the other goes out [even from chalitzah, by reason of \"the sister of his wife.\"] And Beth Hillel say: He must send his wife away by get and by chalitzah, and his brother's wife by chalitzah. [For ma'amar is not sufficient to give her the status of a married woman, and the other is forbidden by reason of \"the sister of his linked one.\" A get is necessary because of the ma'amar, which is partial betrothal, and betrothal is not dissolved without a get. And she also requires chalitzah, for since the ma'amar is not bona fide betrothal, she is still linked to him (for yibum) and requires chalitzah to dissolve that linkage; so that first he gives her a get, and then chalitzah. And this is the halachah.] And this is the instance of which they said (13:7): \"Woe to him by reason of his wife, and woe to him by reason of his brother's wife!\"",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them married to a stranger [i.e., kin to neither of the wives] — if one of the sisters' husbands died, and the one married to the stranger took his wife (in yibum) and then died, the first (the one taken in yibum) goes out by reason of \"his sister's wife,\" and the second (the stranger) by reason of being her tzarah. If he made a ma'amar in her and he died, the \"stranger\" receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum. [The same applies even if he did not make a ma'amar in her and he died — the \"stranger\" receives chalitzah, but not yibum, being the tzarah of the sister of his wife by linkage. \"If he made a ma'amar\" was stated in exception to the ruling of Beth Shammai, who say that ma'amar constitutes bona fide betrothal, so that even chalitzah is not required. We are hereby apprised that chalitzah is required.] If there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them married to a stranger — if the one married to a stranger died, and one of those married to the sisters took the \"stranger\" in yibum and he died, the first goes out by reason of \"the sister of his wife,\" and the second by reason of being her tzarah. If he made a ma'amar in her and he died, the \"stranger\" receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum.",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them married to a stranger — if one of the sisters' husbands died, and the one married to the stranger took his wife (in yibum), and the wife of the second died, and then the one married to the stranger died, she (the one taken in yibum) is forbidden to him (the surviving brother) forever, since she was forbidden to him at one time [at the first falling (for yibum), when she fell from his first brother, at which time his wife (her sister) was alive, so that she was forbidden to him just as the wife of a brother who had children. As to her tzarah, the stranger, the ruling for her is not given. It stands to reason that she is given chalitzah and not taken in yibum.] If there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them married to a stranger — if one of the sisters' husbands divorced his wife, and the one married to the stranger died, and the one who had divorced his wife died took the stranger (in yibum) and he died — of such an instance it was stated: \"And all, if they died or if they were divorced, their tzaroth are permitted.\"",
+ "\tAnd all of them [the fifteen arayoth], if they [his brothers] had in them (a) possible (relationship of) betrothal or divorce, [in which case there is a possibility of tzarath ervah], she (the tzarah) receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum. What is an instance of possibility of betrothal? If he threw [the instrument of] betrothal to her, and it (landed) possibly closer to him (in which case she is not betrothed), possibly closer to her (in which case she is betrothed) [as when there were exactly eight cubits between them in the public domain, one's four cubits effecting acquisition for him there, and he threw it — possibly in his four cubits, possibly in hers] — this is (an instance of) \"possibility of betrothal.\" (What is an instance of) possibility of divorce? If he wrote the get in his hand, but witnesses were lacking; or if there were witnesses, but the date were lacking; or if there were a date, but only one witness — this is (an instance of) \"possibility of divorce.\"",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers married to three strangers, and the wife of one of them died, and the second made a ma'amar in her and died, they receive chalitzah and are not taken in yibum, it being written (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"…and one of them dies … then her yavam (singular) shall come upon her\" — when the linkage of one yavam, and not two, is upon her. [For so long as he (the one who made the ma'amar) did not marry her, the linkage of the first is still upon him, and there is added to it the linkage of the second by way of the ma'amar; and when he dies, there remains upon her the linkage of two yavmin.] R. Shimon says: He may take either one in yibum [He holds that we are in doubt as to whether ma'amar acquires completely or does not acquire at all. Therefore, he can take either one in yibum. For if ma'amar acquires, she has only the linkage of the second upon her; and if it does not acquire, she has only the linkage of the first.], and he gives chalitzah to the other. [For one is not exempt by the (sexual) taking of the other (in marriage). For it may be that ma'amar does not acquire, in which instance there are \"two yevamoth coming from two houses.\" And he cannot take both in yibum, for it may be that ma'amar does acquire, in which instance there are two yevamoth coming from one house.\" The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon. And even though we say in our Mishnah that according to Scripture there is (such a thing as) linkage of two yavmin, as indicated by: \"Her yavam (singular) shall come upon her,\" in the gemara it is shown that it obtains only by rabbinical ordinance, lest it be said that two yevamoth coming from one house are taken in yibum.] If there were two brothers married to two sisters and one of them died, and then the wife of the second one died, she is forbidden to him forever, since she was forbidden to him at one time. (See 3:7).",
+ "\tIf two men married two women, and when they took them in marriage (i.e., cohabitation), they (unwittingly) exchanged them, they are liable (for a sin-offering) by reason of adultery. If they were brothers, they are liable [in addition] by reason of one's brother's wife. And if they were sisters (they are liable in addition) by reason of (the interdict against) taking a woman and her sister. And if they were niddoth (they are liable in addition) by reason of (the interdict against living with) a niddah. [Even though we rule that one interdict is not superimposed upon another, this tanna holds that with issur kollel (a comprehensive interdict), and issur mosif (a superadded interdict), and issur bath-achath (a simultaneous interdict), as in this instance, one interdict is superimposed upon the other, and each requires a separate sin-offering.] And they are separated [not to return to their husbands] for three months, lest they be pregnant [and the children be mamzerim. And it is necessary to discriminate between seed that is kasher and seed that is not, that it (the latter) not be attributed to their husbands)]. And if they were minors who were incapable of bearing, they are returned immediately. And if they were the daughters of Cohanim, they are unfit to eat terumah [in their fathers' houses, even after the death of their husbands, and even though they were exchanged unwittingly.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one gave chalitzah to his yevamah, and she were found to be pregnant, and she gave birth — if the child lived, he may marry her relatives and she may marry his relatives, [this not being chalitzah, chalitzah having been unnecessary. \"Her relatives\" and \"his relatives\" of our Mishnah are those forbidden to a man because of his wife, and those forbidden to a woman because of her husband.], and she is not rendered unfit to the priesthood. If the child did not live [i.e., if it were a miscarriage], he is forbidden to her relatives and she is forbidden to his relatives and she is rendered unfit to the priesthood.",
+ "\tIf one wed his yevamah, and he found her to be pregnant, and she gave birth — if the child lived, he must send her away, and they must bring a (sin-) offering [for he cohabited with his brother's wife outside the context of mitzvah (i.e., yibum), and the child is kasher in any event.] And if the child does not live, she remains with him. If it were not clear whether the child were a nine-month birth of the first or a seven-month birth of the second, he must send her away, the child is kasher, and they must bring a suspended guilt-offering. [For in all instances where one is liable to kareth for wilful transgression, and to a sin-offering for unwitting transgression, he is liable to a suspended sin-offering for possible transgression.]",
+ "\tA shomereth yavam [a woman awaiting yibum] to whom property fell [from her father's house] — Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel concur that she may sell it or give it away, and that it (whatever she does) stands. If she died, what should they do with her kethubah [the hundred or two hundred, and the addition, and the dowry that she brought to him and for which he assumed responsibility] and the property which goes in and out with her [nichsei melog (usufruct), which when she goes in to her husband goes in with her, and which, when she goes out, goes out with her]? Beth Shammai say: The heirs of the husband and the heirs of the father should divide it [for there is a possibility that she is (considered) married (to the yavam), so that the yavam acquires half of her property, a husband inheriting his wife, her being possibly married to him endowing him with half.], and Beth Hillel say: The property [tzon barzel (mortmain)] remains in its status. [And Beth Hillel did not specify whether it reverts to the heirs of the woman, the property having been hers, or to the heirs of the husband, who had assumed responsibility for it. As to the halachah, they divide it even according to Beth Hillel.] Her kethubah is in the status (i.e., the ownership) of the heirs of the husband. The property which goes in and out with her is in the status of the heirs of the father.",
+ "\tIf he took her (i.e., cohabited with her), she (the yevamah) is like his wife in all respects. [He divorces her with a get and does not require chalitzah, and he can take her back if he wishes, and she does not become forbidden to him.] — only that her kethubah be (bound) to the property of her first husband, [that the land of her first husband be security for her kethubah. And if she lacks a kethubah from her first husband, the yavam writes her a kethubah of a hundred only against his property.]",
+ "\tIt is a mitzvah for the elder brother to perform the yibum [as we derive from (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"And it shall be the first-born, etc.\" (see 2:8)]. If he demurred, we \"go through\" all the brothers (in descending order of age). If they demurred, we return to the eldest and say to him: \"The mitzvah devolves upon you — either give her chalitzah or take her in yibum!\"",
+ "\tIf he (one of the brothers) relegated it (yibum) to a (brother who was) a minor, when he would come of age, or to the eldest brother, when he returned from abroad [i.e., If the eldest of the brothers were abroad, and the eldest of the brothers before us relegated it to him, saying: \"Wait for him, for he is older than I,\"] or to a deaf-mute or a simpleton [until he were \"cured\"], he is not heeded; but we say to him: \"The mitzvah devolves upon you! — either give her chalitzah or take her in yibum.\" [Even though your brother who is abroad is older than you, since you are the eldest of the brothers before us, the mitzvah devolves upon you\"; for mitzvoth are not delayed.]",
+ "\tIf one gives chalitzah to his yevamah, he is as one of the brothers relative to inheritance [and he does not lose his share because he gave chalitzah. (For we might think that he should be penalized for having deprived her of yibum, having rendered her unfit to the other brothers.)] If there is a father, the property (of the dead brother) reverts to the father, [it being written (Deuteronomy 25:6): \"And it shall be, the first-born, etc.\" Just as the first-born inherits nothing in the lifetime of the father, so the yavam. (This is not the halachah; but if one takes a yevamah, he acquires his brother's property, even if the father is alive.] If one weds his yevamah, he acquires the property of his brother. R. Yehudah says: In either event, if the father is alive, the father receives the property. If one gives chalitzah to his yevamah, he is forbidden o her relatives [as if she were his wife. All relatives forbidden by reason of (kinship) with one's wife are forbidden by rabbinical ordinance by reason of (kinship) with his chalutzah], and she is forbidden to his relatives. He is forbidden to her mother, her mother's mother, her father's mother, her daughter, her daughter's daughter, her son's daughter, and her sister so long as she is alive. [This refers to her sister and not to the other arayoth.] And the brothers are permitted (to her relatives). And she is forbidden to his father, his father's father, his son, his son's son, his brother, and his brother's son. One is permitted to the kin of the tzarah of his chalutzah [and we do not say that the tzarah is like the chalutzah, that he is forbidden to the sister of the tzarah of his chalutzah just as he is forbidden to the sister of his chalutzah], and he is forbidden to the tzarah of the kin of his chalutzah. [e.g., Reuven gave chalitzah to Leah, and Rachel (her sister) was married to a stranger. Rachel had a tzarah. If the stranger dies, that tzarah is forbidden to Reuven. The reason: When Leah receives chalitzah, she brings Rachel, her sister, with her to beth-din. People do not know which one of them he has given chalitzah to. Some think that he has given chalitzah to Rachel, so that if he marries Rachel's tzarah, (who is the tzarah of the kin of his chalutzah), they say that he has married the tzarah of his chalutzah, for they think that Rachel and her tzarah are the wives of his brother, his having given chalitzah (as they think) to Rachel. But a yevamah does not bring her tzarah with her when she receives chalitzah. Therefore, if he marries the sister of the tzarah, they do not say that he has married the sister of his chalutzah.]",
+ "\tIf one gives chalitzah to his yevamah, and his brother married her sister and he died, he gives her chalitzah and does not take her in yibum. Likewise, if one divorces his wife, and his brother married her sister and he died, she is exempt from chalitzah and yibum. [The gemara asks: \"Likewise?\" Say, rather: But if one divorces his wife, etc. For the sister of one's divorcée is forbidden by the Torah, for which reason she is exempt from chalitzah and from yibum, whereas the sister of one's chalutzah is forbidden only by ordinance of the scribes, for which reason she receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum.]",
+ "\tA shomereth yavam [a woman awaiting yibum] — if his brother betrothed her sister [If one of the brothers betrothed her sister after the first had fallen before them for yibum, and she were linked (for yibum) to all of them] — In the name of R. Yehudah b. Betheira it was stated: He is told: Wait [before you marry her, lest you violate \"the sister of your linked one\"] until your elder brother performs an act [i.e., until he either takes her in yibum or gives her chalitzah and dissolves her linkage to you.] When his brother gives her chalitzah or takes her in yibum, he may marry his betrothed. If the yevamah died, he may marry his betrothed. [For even if he had taken her in yibum and she had died, he is permitted to marry her sister.] If the yavam dies [and no other brother remained but the one who had betrothed her sister], he sends out his betrothed with a get, and his brother's wife with chalitzah. [But he does not take her in yibum by reason of \"the sister of his divorcée.\" The gemara rules in accordance with R. Yehudah b. Betheira.]",
+ "\tA yevamah does not receive chalitzah and she is not taken in yibum until after three months. [The reason is given in the gemara, viz. (Deuteronomy 25:7): \"If the man shall not desire to take his yevamah, then his yevamah shall go up to the gate\" (for chalitzah). But if he does desire, he takes her in yibum — whence: All who are subject to yibum are subject to chalitzah.] Likewise, all other women are not betrothed and are not married until after three months — both virgins [(decreed because of non-virgins)] and betrothed, [(because of married). And this is the halachah. (These three months are ninety days, excluding the day on which her husband died or on which she was divorced, and excluding the day on which she was betrothed.)], non-virgins, divorcées, widows, married or betrothed. R. Yehudah says: The married ones may be betrothed, [its being forbidden (normally) only in order to discriminate between the seed of the first and the seed of the second — so that she not bear a child of doubtful status (Nine months to the first, or seven months to the second?) But this does not apply to those who were betrothed], and the betrothed ones may be married, [not having conceived from the first] — except for the betrothed women in Yehudah, their betrothed being familiar with them. [In Yehudah they would closet the bride with the groom before they were married, so that he would become accustomed to her and disport himself with her, and so that they would not be ashamed at the (first) conjugal union of mitzvah. We are, therefore, apprehensive that he might have lived with her at that time.] R. Yossi says: All women may become betrothed, except a widow, because of her mourning. [Because R. Yehudah does not distinguish between a widow and a divorcée, and permits a widow to become betrothed even within the thirty days of her mourning, R. Yossi comes to differ with him on this, and he forbids a widow to become betrothed within the thirty days of her mourning.]",
+ "\tIf four brothers were married to four women, and they died — if the eldest brother wishes to take all of them in yibum, he may do so. [The same applies to a greater number. If he can maintain them all, he may take them all. \"Four\" is stated as \"goodly counsel,\" viz.\" Four and not more, so that he may fulfill his conjugal obligation with each at least once a month.] If one were married to two women and he died, living with one of them or giving her chalitzah exempts her tzarah [and he does not take both in yibum, it being written (Deuteronomy 25:9): \"…who would not build the house of his brother\" — he builds one house and not two. And he does not give chalitzah to both, for whoever is not subject to yibum is not subject to chalitzah. And since both together are not subject to yibum (as stated: \"He builds one house, etc.\"), they, likewise, are not subject to chalitzah.] If one of the women were kasher (for the priesthood), and the other, unfit — if he gives chalitzah, he gives it to the one who is unfit [so that he not disqualify the fit one from (marrying into) the priesthood. For a chalutzah is unfit for the priesthood. \"Let one not pour out the waters of his well if others have need of them.\"], and if he elects yibum, he takes the one who is fit.",
+ "One who takes back his divorcée [after she has remarried], and one who marries his chalutzah, [who is forbidden to him by (Deuteronomy 25:9): \"who would not build his brother's house\" — Once he did not build it (by having given chalitzah), he may build it no more], and one who marries the kin of his chalutzah, [R. Akiva holding that his chalutzah is like his wife, Scripture having referred to her as his \"house,\" viz. (Ibid. 10): \"the house of the removed shoe\" (chalutz hana'al), and R. Akiva holding, too, that the child of an interdicted marriage is a mamzer. (The halachah is not so.)] must send her out and the child is a mamzer. These are the word of R. Akiva. And the sages say: The child is not a mamzer. And they concede that if one marries the kin of his divorcée, the child is a mamzer, [for his divorcée is like his wife, and her mother and her sister are under krithuth interdict.]",
+ "\tWhich is a mamzer? (The child of) any kin with whom marriage is interdicted. These are the words of R. Akiva. Shimon Hatemani says: (The child of) all kin with whom marriage is interdicted by kareth at the hands of heaven, [but not (merely) by negative commandment]. And this is the halachah [i.e., that the child of a kareth-interdicted marriage is a mamzer (except the child of a niddah), but the child of a marriage interdicted by negative commandment (alone) is not a mamzer.] R. Yehoshua says: All kin with whom marriage is interdicted by judicial death penalty. R. Shimon b. Azzai said: I found a pedigree-scroll in Jerusalem, in which it was written: \"Such and such is a mamzer from an adulterous union (in confirmation of the word of R. Yehoshua.) If one's wife died, he may marry her sister. If he divorced her and she died, he may marry her sister. If she married another and she died, he may marry her sister. If one's yevamah died, he may marry her sister. If he gave her chalitzah and she died, he may marry her sister."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Gamliel says: There is no get after a get. [Two yevamoth to one yavam from one brother. If he gave a get to the first one and then to the second one, the kin of the second are not forbidden to him as the kin of his divorcée. For when he gave a get to the first one, the linkage of both of them to him was dissolved. For a get avails with a yevamah to render him (the giver) \"who would not build his brother's house,\" so that neither he nor the other brothers can take her in yibum — neither her nor her tzarah. Therefore, if he gives a second get to the second one, his act is meaningless. It is as if he were to give a get to a strange woman. The same applies to two yavmin, each of whom gave one yevamah a get. The get of the latter is meaningless and he is permitted to marry her kin.] And there is no ma'amar after a ma'amar, [both with two yavmin to one yevamah, and one yavam to two yevamoth. The second ma'amar is meaningless. She does not require a get from him, and he is permitted to her kin.] And there is no chalitzah after chalitzah. The sages say: There is a get after a get. [The first does not completely dissolve the linkage; for she requires chalitzah. Therefore, there is still partial linkage, and the second get avails to render the second one his divorcée and to forbid her kin to him. And this is the halachah.] And there is a ma'amar after a ma'amar. But there is nothing after cohabitation and after chalitzah.",
+ "\tHow? [This does not refer to the previous dispute, but is an independent statement referring to one yavam and one yevamah, viz.: How (i.e., What) is the halachah in the instance of one yavam and one yevamah? If he made a ma'amar in his yevamah and gave her a get, she requires chalitzah from him. And if he wishes to wed her, he may not do so; for since he began to divorce her, \"who would not build his brother's house\" obtains.] If he made a ma'amar and chalitzah, she requires a get from him. [For chalitzah dissolves the (yibum) linkage, and the get is required to dissolve her betrothal, chalitzah not dissolving betrothal.] If he made a ma'amar and cohabited with her, this is in keeping with the mitzvah.",
+ "\tIf he gave a get and made a ma'amar, she requires a get and chalitzah. [For the get pushes away (the linkage) a little and leaves over a little, and the ma'amar acquires what the get has left over. Therefore, she requires a get for his ma'amar and chalitzah for his (yibum) linkage.] If he gave a get and cohabited with her, she requires a get and chalitzah. [He may not remain with her, for from the time he gave her the get, \"who would not build\" obtains, so that she requires a get for his cohabitation and chalitzah for his linkage.] If he gave her a get and chalitzah, there is nothing after chalitzah. [This Mishnah is in accordance with R. Akiva, who says that betrothal does not obtain with those interdicted by negative commandment. But this is not the halachah. The halachah is in accordance with the sages, who say that there is something after chalitzah, so that if he betroths her after chalitzah, she requires a get from him.] If he gave her chalitzah and made a ma'amar, or (if he gave her chalitzah and then) gave her a get or cohabited with her, or if he cohabited with her and gave her a ma'amar, or (if he cohabited with her) and then he gave her a get or chalitzah — there is nothing after chalitzah. This is so both in the instance of one yevamah to one yavam and in the instance of two yevamoth to one yavam. [They are the same in that there is something after the first get or after the first ma'amar; and there is nothing after initial cohabitation or after chalitzah.]",
+ "\tHow? [i.e., What is the halachah?] If he made a ma'amar in one, two gittin are required [for the two yevamoth, according to the rabbis, there being a ma'amar after a ma'amar], and chalitzah [for one of them, who exempts her tzarah.] If he made a ma'amar in one and gave a get to the other, a get and chalitzah are required. [The get of the latter invalidates the ma'amar of the former, \"who would not build\" obtaining, so that a get is required for his ma'amar and chalitzah for his linkage.] If he gave a ma'amar to one and cohabited with the other, two gittin are required, [a get for his ma'amar and a get for his cohabitation], and chalitzah [to one of them, who exempts her tzarah.] If he gave a ma'amar to one and chalitzah to the other, the first requires a get. If he gave a get to one and a get to the other, chalitzah (to one of them) is required. If he gave a get to one and cohabited with the other, a get and chalitzah are required. And he is forbidden to keep her, [\"who would not build\" obtaining because of the get of the first. And a get does not suffice for the one he cohabited with, it being an unfit cohabitation. If he gave a get to one and a ma'amar to the other, a get and chalitzah are required. If he gave a get to one and chalitzah to the other, there is nothing after chalitzah. [And if he then betroths her or her tzarah, the betrothal does not \"take,\" as per R. Akiva, who holds that betrothal does not obtain with those interdicted by negative commandment. And this is not the halachah.]",
+ "\tIf he gave chalitzah (to one) and gave chalitzah (to the other), or gave chalitzah and a ma'amar, or (after chalitzah) gave a get or cohabited, or cohabited and cohabited, or cohabited and made a ma'amar, or (after cohabitation) gave a get or chalitzah [In all of these instances he is permitted to the kin of the second, for after the chalitzah of the first, there is no yibum linkage, so that the chalitzah of the second is meaningless, and she is not rendered unfit, even for (marriage to) the priesthood. Likewise, if he gave chalitzah to one and a ma'amar to the other, or if he gave a get to the second after the chalitzah of the first, or if he cohabited with the second after the chalitzah of the first, his second act is meaningless. Or if he cohabited with the first and then with the second, or if he cohabited with the first and made a ma'amar in the second, or if (after cohabiting with the first), he gave a get to the second or chalitzah to the second, there is nothing after cohabitation, and his second act is meaningless, and he is permitted to the kin of the second] — there is nothing after chalitzah. [This refers to the first part; and, for the second part, \"there is nothing after cohabitation\" is presupposed], whether it be an instance of one yavam to two yavamoth, or of two yavmin to one yevamah.",
+ "\tIf he gave her chalitzah and made a ma'amar, or (if he gave her chalitzah and then) gave her a get or cohabited with her, or if he cohabited with her and gave her a ma'amar, or (if he cohabited with her) and then gave her a get or chalitzah — there is nothing after chalitzah [This refers to one yavam and one yevamah. And though this was stated above (5:3), it is re-stated here because of what follows, where a distinction is made between cohabitation and chalitzah. For with chalitzah, whether in the beginning, the middle, or the end, there is nothing after it, whereas with cohabitation, there is nothing after it only when it comes in the beginning. And it also introduces the dispute between R. Nechemiah and the rabbis.] — whether in the beginning, or the middle, [as when he gave a get to one and chalitzah to the other, and then made a ma'amar in the second or in the first; the ma'amar is of no avail, and a get is not required for it], or in the end. [If he gave chalitzah after a ma'amar or a get, there is nothing after it, and it is a bona fide chalitzah. And if he made a ma'amar thereafter, no get is required after it. For chalitzah constitutes divorce though it be a defective chalitzah.] And cohabitation — when it comes at the beginning, there is nothing after it. In the middle [as when he gave a get to one, and cohabited with another, and gave a ma'amar to the third, he is forbidden to her (the third's) kin] and in the end, there is something after it. [If he gave a get to one, and a ma'amar to another, and cohabited with a third, yibum linkage still obtains after this cohabitation; and to send her away, chalitzah is required, a get not sufficing.] R. Nechemiah says: Both cohabitation and chalitzah — both in the beginning, the middle, or the end, there is nothing after it [and she goes out with a get, without chalitzah. And if he betroths the other after cohabitation, his act is meaningless.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one cohabits with his yevamah, (he acquires her) — whether unwittingly [thinking her to be another woman], wilfully, [wantonly, and not for the sake of the mitzvah], constrainedly, or wittingly. Even if he is unwitting and she wilful; he, wilful and she, unwitting; he, constrained and she, unconstrained; she, constrained and he, unconstrained. [Not only (is she acquired) when she intends the mitzvah; but even where both do not intend the mitzvah, as when he intends a different woman and she intends a wanton act, he acquires her, it being written (Deuteronomy 25:5): \"Her yavom shall come upon her\" — in any instance.] Whether he is ma'areh [If he does not consummate his intercourse, but just inserts the corona alone (The touching of the corona without entry is called neshikah, \"kissing\"], or consummates the act, he acquires her. [And he inherits (his dead brother) and he must give her a get if he wishes to send her away.] And no distinction was made between one type of intercourse and another [whether normal or non-normal (anal) intercourse, it being written (Leviticus 18:22): \"the lyings\" of a woman, Scripture positing two \"lyings\" for a woman.]",
+ "\tLikewise, if one cohabits [by any of the aforementioned varieties of intercourse] with any of the arayoth of the Torah or with any of the unfit ones, such as a widow to a high-priest [He thereby renders her unfit for (marriage to) the priesthood, by reason of \"zonah,\" even though the wife of an Israelite who was forced is permitted to her husband], a divorcée and a chalutzah to a regular Cohein [And a divorcée, too — if she is the daughter of a Cohein, such cohabitation renders her unfit to eat the terumah of her father's house], a mamzereth and a Nethinah to an Israelite [This does not refer to rendering her unfit for the priesthood, for she is already unfit, but it is stated in reference to he'arah, to make he'arah subject to stripes, as consummated intercourse], the daughter of an Israelite to a Nathin or to a mamzer — he thereby renders her unfit, and there is no distinction (in this regard) between one type of intercourse and another.",
+ "\tA widow to a high-priest, a divorcée and a chalutzah to a regular priest — from betrothal they may not eat terumah. [Because her betrothal was one of transgression, she is rendered unfit to eat the terumah of her father's house if she is the daughter of a Cohein.] R. Eliezer and R. Shimon permit it [until he cohabits with her, it being written (Leviticus 21:15): \"And he shall not profane (velo vechalel) his seed\" — two chilulim (profanations), one for her and one for her seed. The halachah is not in accordance with them, but she may not eat terumah even from betrothal.] If they were widowed or divorced from marriage [from these Cohanim], they are unfit (to eat terumah) [for they are rendered chalaloth by cohabitation]. (If they were widowed or divorced) from betrothal, they are permitted (to eat terumah) [for even the first tanna renders them unfit only in their (husbands') lifetimes, when they await forbidden cohabitation, but not when their husbands have died.]",
+ "\tA high-priest may not marry a widow, both a widow from betrothal and a widow from marriage. And he may not marry a bogereth (one who has matured beyond maidenhood), [it being written (Leviticus 21:14): \"And he, a woman in her virginity shall he take\" — to exclude a bogereth, whose virginal signs are partially lost (in the process of maturing)] R. Eliezer and R. Shimon permit a bogereth. [The halachah is not in accordance with them.] He may not marry a mukath etz (a virgin accidentally deflowered). If he betrothed a widow and were appointed high-priest, he may marry her. It happened with Yehoshua b. Gamla that he betrothed Marta the daughter of Baitus, and the king appointed him high-priest, and he married her. If a shomereth yavam (a woman awaiting yibum), fell before a regular priest (for yibum), and he was appointed high-priest — even if he had made a ma'amar in her, he may not marry her. If the brother of a high-priest died, he gives her chalitzah, but he does not take her in yibum.",
+ "\tA regular Cohein may not marry an eilonith (a woman who cannot bear) unless he has a wife and children. [The same is true of an Israelite. \"Cohein\" is stated only because of the demurral of R. Yehudah, who says that a Cohein, though he has a wife and children may not marry an eilonith, as opposed to an Israelite. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.] R. Yehudah says: Even though he has a wife and children, he may not marry an eilonith, for she is the \"zonah\" referred to in the Torah (Leviticus 21:7). And the sages say that \"zonah\" is a proselyte, a freed maidservant, and a woman who had been lived with wantonly, [such as those interdicted by negative commandment or positive commandment, and, it goes without saying, those liable to kareth or judicial death penalty. But if one lives with an unmarried woman, he does not render her a zonah.]",
+ "\tOne may not desist from (the mitzvah of) procreation unless he has children. Beth Shammai say: Two males, [deriving it from Moses, who separated from his wife after he had begotten two males.] And Beth Hillel say: A male and a female, it being written (Genesis 1:27): \"Male and female He created them.\" [And Moses cannot serve as a precedent, for he acted by Divine fiat.] If one married a woman and lived with her ten years without having children, he may not desist (from the mitzvah). [As we find with Abraham. After living with Sarah for ten years and not having children, he married Hagar. The time that he lived with her outside of Eretz Yisrael is not included, for living outside the land may have contributed (to her childlessness). And all of the time that a man or a woman are sick, or incarcerated, or in any other state where cohabitation is precluded, this is not included in the ten year period.] If he divorced her, she is permitted to marry another. [For it (the childlessness) may be due not to her, but to him. And when he divorces her, he gives her (the amount of) her kethubah, if she claims that it is due to his \"not shooting like an arrow.\" And we impose a ban upon her if she knows otherwise and makes a false claim against him.] The second is permitted to live ten years with her. And if she miscarries, he counts from the time she miscarries. The mitzvah of begetting children devolves upon the man and not upon the woman, [it being written (Genesis 1:27): \"Be fruitful and multiply … and subdue it\" (\"vekivshuhah\"). It is written defective, without the vav after the shin (implying that only one is being addressed and that the mitzvah of procreation devolves upon the man, the \"subduer\" of the woman.)] R. Yochanan b. B'roka said: Of both (man and woman) it is written (Ibid. 28): \"And G d blessed them, and G d said to them: 'Be fruitful and multiply.'\" [The halachah is not in accordance with him.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tA widow to a high-priest, a divorcée or a chalutzah to a regular priest — if she brought to him melog bondsmen [What the woman leaves to herself and does not write into her kethubah is called \"nichsei melog\" (\"plucking property\"), for the husband \"plucks\" them, as chickens are plucked. For he eats the fruits of that property, and if they decrease (in value), they decrease for her; and if they increase, they increase for her] and tzon-barzel bondsmen [Nichsei tzon-barzel is the property that she brings in to him and which is written into the kethubah: \"This and this is what I (the husband) pledge for her kethubah.\" It is called \"tzon-barzel,\" for the principal remains like \"iron.\" For if they all die, the husband must make restitution. And since they were wont to count the sheep (tzon) thus, and the shepherd was held accountable for them, even if they all died, the property for which the husband assumed responsibility was called \"nichsei tzon barzel.\"] — the melog bondsmen do not eat terumah [for they are hers, and she is a chalalah], and the tzon-barzel bondsmen do eat. And these are melog bondsmen: If they die, they die unto her; and if they increase, they increase unto her. Though he (the husband) is obliged to feed them, they do not eat terumah. And these are tzon-barzel bondsmen: If they die, they die unto him; and if they increase, they increase unto him. Since he must make restitution (if they are lost), they eat terumah.",
+ "\tIf the daughter of an Israelite married a Cohein, and he died, leaving her pregnant, her bondsmen do not eat terumah because of the portion of the fetus (in the bondsmen). [Even though she has children from him and she eats terumah, her tzon-barzel bondsmen do not eat terumah; for they belong to the heirs, and the fetus has a portion in them, and the fetus lacks power to cause them to eat terumah — either because he holds that a fetus in the womb of a stranger (to the priesthood), (i.e., an Israelite) is a stranger, or because he holds that one who is born causes (others) to eat; one who is not yet born does not cause to eat, it being written (Leviticus 22:11): \"And one that is born in his house — they may eat,\" which may be read: \"They may cause to eat.\"] For a fetus disqualifies [If the daughter of a Cohein were married to an Israelite, and he left her pregnant, and she had no other child, the fetus disqualifies her from returning to her father's house.], and it does not cause to eat. [If the daughter of an Israelite were married to a Cohein, and he left her pregnant, the fetus lacks power to cause her to eat, and the same applies to his bondsmen.] These are the words of R. Yossi. They said to him: Now that you have testified to us concerning the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, the daughter of a Cohein, too — her bondsmen should not eat terumah because of the portion of the fetus (in them). For they are his bondsmen, and they eat only because of him, and he lacks the power to cause them to eat. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi.]",
+ "\tThe fetus and the yavam and betrothal and the deaf-mute and a boy of nine years and one day disqualify (from eating terumah) and do not cause (to eat terumah). [(\"The fetus\":) This fetus, if she (the mother) is the daughter of a Cohein wed to an Israelite, he disqualifies (her), it being written (22:13): \"Then she shall return to her father's house as in her maidenhood\" — to exclude one who is pregnant. If she is the daughter of an Israelite wed to a Cohein, he does not cause (her) to eat, for \"one who is not yet born does not cause to eat\" (see 7:3). (\"and the yavam\":) If she is the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, he disqualifies her, it being written: \"Then she shall return to her father's house\" — to exclude one awaiting yibum, who cannot return, being bound to her yavam. And if she is the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, he does not cause her to eat, it being written (Ibid. 22:11): \"the acquisition of his money,\" and this one is the acquisition of his brother. (\"and betrothal\":) If she is the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, he disqualifies her, for he acquires her with \"being\" (i.e., betrothal), and from the time of \"being\" she is disqualified, viz. (Ibid. 12): \"And the daughter of a Cohein, if she be to a stranger\" (i.e., a non-priest). If she is the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, he does not cause her to eat — a decree lest they pour her a cup of terumah wine in her father's house and she offer it to her brothers and sisters. (\"and the deaf-mute\":) If she is the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, he disqualifies her, for he acquires her by rabbinic ordinance. And if she is the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, he does not cause her to eat, it being written (Ibid. 11): \"the acquisition of his money,\" and a deaf-mute does not acquire by Torah law. (\"and a boy of nine years and one day\":) If one of those unfit for the priesthood, who was nine years and one day old lived with the daughter of a Cohein, or of a Levite, or of an Israelite, he disqualifies her from eating terumah; for the cohabitation of one that old is considered cohabitation, and she is rendered a chalalah thereby. And if the daughter of an Israelite married a Cohein who was nine years and one day old, he does not cause her to eat terumah, because his acquisition is not a bona fide acquisition.] If it were doubtful whether or not he were nine years and one day [he is considered to be so, and he disqualifies]. If it were doubtful whether or not he brought two (pubic) hairs [If a minor betrothed a woman and it were doubtful whether or not he had brought two hairs, so that his betrothal is in doubt, his wife receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum.] If the house fell upon him and upon his brother's daughter [who was his wife, and we do not know whether he died first, so that both women fell to yibum before his brother and the tzarah is exempt by reason of \"the tzarah of one's daughter\" — or whether she died first, so that when the other fell for yibum she was not the tzarah of his daughter, (as we learned (1:1): \"And all of them — if they died, or refused … their tzaroth are permitted\")], her tzarah receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum. [Since stringent rulings in instances of doubt are mentioned here, this instance is mentioned too.]",
+ "\tThe ravisher and the seducer and the simpleton do not disqualify and do not cause to eat. [(\"the simpleton\":) Even if he took her as a wife with chuppah (the bridal canopy) and betrothal, he does not disqualify and does not cause to eat, his acquisition not being a bona fide acquisition.] And if they are not fit to enter the congregation of Israel, they do disqualify. How so? If an Israelite lived with the daughter of a Cohein, she may eat terumah. If she became pregnant, she may not eat terumah. If the fetus in her womb were severed, she may eat [immediately. And the same applies if she bore it, and it died.] If a Cohein lived with the daughter of an Israelite, she may not eat terumah. If she became pregnant, she may not eat, [the fetus not causing her to eat]. If she bore, she eats. \"The strength of the son is found to be greater than that of the father.\" [For the one who lived with her does not cause her to eat, not having lived with her to the end of marriage, so that she is not his acquisition — whereas his son does cause her to eat.] A bondsman disqualifies by reason of cohabitation. [If he cohabits with the daughter of a Cohein, he disqualifies her from eating terumah], and he does not disqualify by reason of seed [if the daughter has \"seed\" (a bondsman) from a kasher Israelite]. How so? The daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, or the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, and she bore a son to him. If the son went and forced himself upon a maidservant, and she bore a son by him, that son is a bondsman, [the child of a maidservant having her status]. If the mother of his (the bondsman's) father were the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, she does not eat terumah (on the strength of her \"grandson,\" the bondsman); if she were the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, she does eat terumah [if his father died even though his child (the bondsman) is alive; and in general, the child of a child does disqualify. For he (the bondsman) is not regarded as his father's child, not being considered his seed (but his mother's)]. A mamzer disqualifies and causes to eat. How so? The daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein or the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, and she bore a daughter to him. If the daughter went and married a bondsman or a gentile and bore a son to him, he is a mamzer. If the mother of his (the mamzer's) mother were the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein, she eats terumah; if she were the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite, she does not eat terumah.",
+ "\tA high-priest sometimes disqualifies. How so? The daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite and she bore a daughter to him. If the daughter went and married a Cohein and bore a son to him, he is qualified to be a high-priest, standing and ministering upon the altar. He causes his mother to eat, and he disqualifies the mother of his mother. [For if not for him, the mother of his mother would return to the terumah of her father's house after the death of her daughter. But so long as he is alive, she does not return to it, it being written (Leviticus 22:11): \"and she have no seed\" (vezera ein lah) — \"ayin alehah\" (\"look into her\") — either the daughter of the daughter of her daughter, or the son of the son of her son (disqualifies her) until the end of all the generations.] And this one (the grandmother) says: \"Let there not [be in Israeli many] like my (grand-) son, the high-priest, who disqualifies me from eating terumah!\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tOne who is uncircumcised [an uncircumcised Cohein whose brothers died because of circumcision] and all who are unclean may not eat terumah. [This is derived from the Paschal offering, concerning which it is written (Exodus 12:48): \"And no uncircumcised one shall eat of it.\"] Their wives and their bondsmen may eat terumah. [For because of non-circumcision and uncleanliness they do not leave the category of Cohanim; it is just that they themselves are wanting amendment.] A petzua dakka and a k'ruth shafchah (see 8:2) — they and their bondsmen eat, and their wives do not eat. [For he makes her a chalalah by cohabiting with her in that she cohabits with one who is unfit for (marriage with) her.] And if he did not cohabit with her from the time he became a petzua dakka and a k'ruth shafchah [If she were married to him before this, and he did not cohabit with her after he became a petzua dakka], they may eat.",
+ "\tA petzuah dakka is one whose testicles have been injured, even one of them. And a k'ruth shafchah is one whose membrum is cut. And if there remained even a hairs-breadth of the corona [If it were cut from the corona down], he is fit, [the \"membrum\" being from the corona upwards towards the body. The corona (atarah) is the row of flesh surrounding the circumcision site. Whether the membrum is injured as by sword or knife, or whether it was crushed and became small of itself — whether it was cut in the membrum or the testicles or the testicular cords — all of these render him unfit. And this is so only when man is the cause; but if illness is the cause, all is kasher.] A petzua dakka and a k'ruth shafchah are permitted to a proselyte and to a freed bondswoman. And they are forbidden only to enter the congregation, it being written (Deuteronomy 23:2): \"A petzua dakka and a k'ruth shafchah shall not come into the congregation of the L rd.\"",
+ "\tAn Ammonite and a Moavite are forbidden (to enter the congregation of the L rd), and their prohibition is perpetual; but their women are permitted immediately. An Egyptian and an Edomite are forbidden only until three generations, both the males and the females. R. Shimon permits the females immediately. R. Shimon said: This can be deduced a fortiori, viz.: Now if in a place where the males are interdicted perpetually, the females are permitted immediately — in a place where the males are interdicted only until three generations, should it not follow that the females be permitted immediately! They said to him: If this is the halachah, we shall accept it; and if (only) an a fortiori argument, it can be refuted. [If you are expounding an a fortiori argument of your own, it can be refuted, viz.: In the instance of Ammon and Moav, the reason (that only men and not women are interdicted) is given, viz. (Deuteronomy 23:4): \"Because they did not greet you with bread and with water\" — and it is not the way of a woman to greet, whereas no reason is given for (the interdict against) an Egyptian and an Edomite.] He answered: No, I am stating a halachah. Mamzerin and Nethinin are interdicted, and their interdict is perpetual, both males and females. [Nethinim are the Giveonites who converted to Judaism in the days of Joshua, and who were \"given\" (netunim) to be hewers of wood and drawers of water.]",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua said: I have heard that a saris (one who is impotent) gives chalitzah and that his wife receives chalitzah; and that a saris does not give chalitzah and his wife does not receive chalitzah [viz. (Deuteronomy 25:6): \"…and his name will not be wiped out\" — to exclude one whose name is already wiped out], and I cannot explain [with which saris chalitzah obtains and with which it does not.] R. Akiva said: I will explain it: Seris adam (\"a man-caused saris\") [who became a saris after he was born] gives chalitzah and his wife receives chalitzah because there was a time when he was kasher; a seris-chammah (\"a sun-saris\") does not give chalitzah and his wife does not receive chalitzah, for there was never a time when he was kasher. [(\"seris-chammah\") from his mother's womb, never having seen the sun except when he was a saris. His signs: one who has no beard, whose hair is soft, whose skin is smooth, whose urine does not raise a vapor, whose urine-jet is not dome-like (i.e., it does not go far enough to form a dome), whose semen is thin, whose urine has no vinegar-like odor, whose skin does not give off a vapor when he bathes in the wintertime, and whose voice is not distinctly a man's voice.] R. Elazar says: Not so, but a seris-chammah gives chalitzah and his wife receives chalitzah, because he can be healed; a seris-adam does not give chalitzah and his wife does not receive chalitzah, because he cannot be healed. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva, who says that a seris-adam gives chalitzah and his wife is subject to chalitzah and yibum; but he does not take a woman in yibum, for he is forbidden to enter the congregation.] R. Yehoshua b. Betheira testified about one Ben Megoset, a seris-adam in Jerusalem, whose wife was taken in yibum, in confirmation of the words of R. Akiva.",
+ "\tThe saris [a seris-chammah] does not give chalitzah and does not take a woman in yibum [and his wife is not subject to chalitzah or yibum.] Similarly, an eilonith [We have described her signs in the first chapter (1:1)] is subject to neither chalitzah nor yibum. If a saris gives chalitzah to his yevamah, he does not render her unfit (to the priesthood). If he cohabits with her, he does render her unfit, for his cohabitation is one of z'nuth. Similarly, if the brothers gave chalitzah to an eilonith, they do not render her unfit; if they cohabit with her, they do render her unfit, for her cohabitation is one of z'nuth. [Since she is exempt from yibum, she is forbidden to them as \"the wife of one's brother.\"]",
+ "\tIf a seris-chammah Cohein married the daughter of an Israelite, he causes her to eat terumah. R. Yossi and R. Shimon say: If a hermaphrodite Cohein marries the daughter of an Israelite, he causes her to eat terumah. [For they hold that a hermaphrodite is regarded as a male. And R. Yossi retracts and says in the baraitha that a hermaphrodite is regarded as a distinct creation, which the sages did not determine to be male or female, for which reason a hermaphrodite Cohein does not cause her to eat terumah.] R. Yehudah said: If a tumtum (one whose genitals are concealed) were incised and found to be a male, he does not give chalitzah, for he is like a saris. [The halachah is not in accordance with him; for it is ruled above that a seris-adam gives chalitzah and his wife receives chalitzah, and a tumtum that was incised is like a seris-adam]. A hermaphrodite marries (a woman), but is not married (to a man). [For he is regarded as a male, and if a man cohabits with him, it is as if he were cohabiting with a male, whether by way of his male feature (i.e., the anus) or by way of his female feature.] R. Eliezer says: (If one lives with) a hermaphrodite, he is liable to stoning as (if he would live) with a male. [Only if he does so by way of his male feature and not by way of his female feature. And the halachah is in accordance with R. Eliezer.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThere are some who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yavmin, and there are some who are permitted to their yavmin and forbidden to their husbands. And there are some who are permitted to both, and there are some who are forbidden to both. These are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to the yavmin: a regular Cohein who married a widow and who has a brother who is a high-priest [The same applies to (a Cohein who married) a virgin, for when he dies she is rendered a widow. \"a widow\" is stated in anticipation of what comes later, viz.: \"a high-priest who married a widow.\"], a chalal who married a kesheirah, who has a brother who is kasher, an Israelite who married the daughter of an Israelite, who has a brother who is a mamzer, a mamzer who married a mamzereth, who has a brother who is an Israelite. These are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yavmin.",
+ "\tAnd these are permitted to their yavmin and forbidden to their husbands: a high-priest who betrothed a widow and who has a brother who is a regular Cohein [But if he married her, she becomes a chalalah through his cohabitation and is forbidden to both the husband and the yavam.], a kasher who married a chalalah and who has a brother who is a chalal, an Israelite who married a mamzereth and who has a brother who is a mamzer, a mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite, who has a brother who is an Israelite. These are permitted to their yavmin, but forbidden to their husbands. Forbidden to both: a high-priest who married a widow, who has a brother who is either a high-priest or a regular priest, a kasher who married a chalalah, who has a brother who is kasher, an Israelite who married a mamzereth, who has a brother who is an Israelite, a mamzer who married the daughter of an Israelite, who has a brother who is a mamzer. These are forbidden to both. And all other women are permitted to their husbands and to their yavmin.",
+ "\tThe sheniyoth interdicted by the soferim (see 2:4): \"If she were shniyah to the husband and not to the yavam [e.g., the mother of her husband's mother, but not of the yavam's mother, as when they were brothers from the father but not from the mother], she is forbidden to the husband and permitted to the yavam. If she were shniyah to the yavam and not to the husband, she is forbidden to the yavam and permitted to the husband. If she were shniyah to both, she is forbidden to both. She has no kethubah [It is the hundred and two hundred, which is the principal of the kethubah, which she does not have, but she does have the addition], and she does not have fruit [He does not pay her for the fruit of her nichsei melog. And even though the rabbis granted him fruit for his obligation to redeem her, and he has no obligation to redeem this one, in that she does not satisfy: \"And I shall cause you to dwell with me as a wife\" — so that it would seem that he should reimburse her for what he ate of her nichsei melog — still, the rabbis penalized her to have no claim on the fruit that he ate as a condition of the kethubah, just as they penalized her to have no claim on the principal of the kethubah. For a condition of the kethubah is likened to the kethubah itself.], and she does not have sustenance [It goes without saying that he does not have to feed her while she is still with him, for he is obliged to send her away. But even if he went abroad and she borrowed and ate, he need not pay. For with a kasher wife, if she borrowed and ate, the husband is obliged to pay. For the lender claims what he lent her and she claims it of her husband. For it is only when one fed her not by way of loan that we say in Kethuvoth that the halachah is according to Chanan, who said that if one went abroad and another fed his wife, he (the latter) has placed his money \"on a deer's horn.\" For since he fed her for the sake of her husband, and he lent her nothing, from whom can he claim payment? She did not borrow anything, and her husband did not ask him to feed her. Therefore, he has performed a mitzvah (but he can make no claim). If he lent her, and she is kasher, her husband must repay him, but if she is one of the shniyoth, he is not obliged to pay.], and she does not receive belaoth [If the husband used her nichsei melog until they were \"worn out\" (balu), he need not reimburse her. For we might think that since she has no kethubah, if the husband ate her nichsei melog, he must reimburse her for what was \"worn away\"; we are, therefore, apprised that the rabbis penalized her, that her husband not pay belaoth, but whatever she finds remaining (of the nichsei melog) she takes], and the child (of the union) is kasher, and we force him to send her away. A widow to a high-priest, a divorcée and a chalutzah to a regular priest, a mamzereth and a Nethinah to an Israelite, the daughter of an Israelite to a Nathin or to a mamzer have a kethubah. [They have a kethubah and fruit, the husband paying them for the fruit he ate of their nichsei melog. And they have sustenance, being fed from his property (but only after his death. While he is alive, he is not forced to feed her, for he is obliged to send her away. And if someone lent her food in her husband's lifetime, he need not repay the loan.) They also have belaoth, the husband being obliged to return what he \"wore away\" of their nichsei melog. And this is only when he knew them (to be a widow, etc.), but if he did not know them to be so, they have neither kethubah, fruit, sustenance, nor belaoth. But they do have the addition and the belaoth which remain. As to the shniyoth not having kethubah, fruit, sustenance, or belaoth, and a widow to a high-priest, and a divorcée or a chalutzah to a regular priest having them — this is because the former are interdicted (only) by the scribes and require reinforcement (of the interdict), whereas the latter are interdicted by the Torah and do not require reinforcement. In the chapter \"These receive stripes,\" it is shown that a chalutzah to a high-priest is interdicted by the Torah. And even though a chalutzah to a regular priest is interdicted by the scribes, it was likened to Torah-interdicted in this regard.]",
+ "\tThe daughter of an Israelite betrothed to a Cohein, or pregnant by a Cohein, or shomereth yavam to a Cohein, and, also, the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein do not eat terumah. [As we learned (7:4): \"The fetus and the yavam and betrothal … disqualify and do not cause to eat.\"] The daughter of an Israelite betrothed to a Levite, or pregnant by a Levite, or shomereth yavam to a Levite, and also the daughter of a Levite to an Israelite do not eat ma'aser. [The entire Mishnah is in accordance with R. Meir, who says that ma'aser rishon is forbidden to strangers (i.e., non-Levites), but this is not the halachah.] The daughter of a Levite betrothed to a Cohein, pregnant by a Cohein, shomereth yavam to a Cohein, and also, the daughter of a Cohein to a Levite may eat neither terumah nor ma'aser. [This is the intent: Neither terumah nor ma'aser is distributed on the threshing floor, neither to the daughter of a Cohein nor the daughter of a Levite — a decree by reason of a divorcée, the daughter of an Israelite, who is forbidden to eat ma'aser. If they distribute ma'aser to a woman on the threshing floor, they might come to distribute it to the daughter of an Israelite after she has been divorced from the Levite; for not all know that she had been receiving on the strength of her husband. For this reason R. Meir decreed that a woman not take a share on the threshing floor, even the daughter of a Cohein and the daughter of a Levite. As to its being stated: \"The daughter of a Levite betrothed to a Cohein… may eat neither terumah nor ma'aser,\" the same is true even if she were married. It is because of the first part of the Mishnah, viz.: \"The daughter of an Israelite betrothed to a Cohein, etc.\" (in which instance it is only if she were betrothed that she does not eat; for if she were married, she would eat) that here, too, at the end of the Mishnah, \"The daughter of a Levite betrothed to a Cohein\" is stated.]",
+ "\tIf the daughter of an Israelite were married to a Cohein, she may eat terumah. If he died, and she had a child from him, she may eat terumah, [it being written (Leviticus 22:11): \"…And one that is born in his house — they may eat (yochlu) of his bread.\" Read it \"ya'achilu\" (\"they cause to eat\"). So long as her child is alive, it \"causes her\" to eat terumah.] If she married a Levite [after she had had a child from the Cohein], she eats ma'aser [and not terumah, though she has a child from the Cohein, for she has subsequently become a \"stranger.\"] If he (the Levite) died, and she had a child from him, she eats ma'aser [on the strength of her son from the Levite; but she does not eat terumah on the strength of her child from the Cohein, having seed from a stranger.] If she married an Israelite, she eats neither terumah nor ma'aser. If he dies, and she had a child from him, she eats neither terumah nor ma'aser. If her child from the Israelite died, she eats ma'aser. If her child from the Levite died, she may eat terumah. If her child from the Cohein died, she may eat neither terumah nor ma'aser.",
+ "\tIf the daughter of a Cohein married an Israelite, she may not eat terumah. If he died, and she had a child from him, she may not eat terumah. If she married a Levite, she may eat ma'aser. If he died and she had a child from him, she may eat ma'aser. If she married a Cohein, she may eat terumah. If he died and she had a child from him, she may eat terumah. If her child from the Cohein died, she may not eat terumah. If her child from the Levite died, she may not eat ma'aser. If her child from the Israelite died, she returns to the house of her father. And concerning this it is written (Leviticus 22:13): \"Then she shall return to the house of her father as in her maidenhood. From the bread of her father she may eat.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf a woman's husband went abroad, and they came and said to her [i.e., if one witness said to her]: Your husband died, and she remarried [on the testimony of one witness], and then her husband returned, she leaves the one and the other [as per the halachah of a married woman who committed adultery, who is forbidden to both her husband and to the adulterer, not having been forced. And though the rabbis accepted one witness to prevent agunah (perpetual inability to remarry), that is because a woman is expected to thoroughly search out the matter before she remarries, and because she did not do so in this instance, she is penalized. But if she remarried on the testimony of two witnesses who said: Your husband died, it is stated at the end: \"If she remarried without a ruling of beth-din (i.e., if the permission of beth-din were not required, two witnesses having testified), she is permitted to return to her first husband,\" being considered \"forced,\" for what was she to have done? But in the gemara it is shown that this is not the halachah, that it makes no difference whether she remarried by the ruling of beth-din on the testimony of one witness, or on the testimony of two witnesses — if her first husband returns, she leaves both, and all of the other provisions apply to her], and she requires a get from the one and from the other. [The reason she requires a get from the second is that when the second is seen alive, people think that she received a get from the first, on the basis of which she married the second, so that she is his bona fide wife; and if he sends her away without a get, it is found (i.e., the impression is given) that a married woman is sent away without a get.] And she has neither kethubah, nor fruit, nor sustenance, nor belaoth, [which were lost; but she does not forfeit those which remain] — neither from the one nor from the other. If she had taken from the one or from the other, she must return it, and the child is a mamzer from the one or from the other [If she had a child by the second, it is a confirmed mamzer, and if the first took her back and she had a child, it is a mamzer by rabbinic ordinance.], neither of them (if they were Cohanim) may become unclean to her (if she died), neither acquires the lost objects that she finds [For why did the rabbis ordain that a husband acquires such objects? To prevent his hating her. But here, let him hate her by all means!], nor the work of her hands [For why did the rabbis ordain that a husband acquires this? Because he feeds her. But in this instance, since her sustenance is not incumbent upon him, he does not acquire the work of her hands.], nor (the power) to absolve her vows. [For why does a husband have such power? So that she not become demeaning to him. But here, let her become demeaning by all means!] If she were the daughter of an Israelite, she becomes unfit for (eating) terumah, [having the status of a \"zonah\"], and if she were the daughter of a Levite (she becomes unfit for eating) ma'aser [This is a (rabbinic) penalty, for (by Torah ordinance), the daughter of a Levite who became a zonah does not become unfit for eating ma'aser], and the daughter of a Cohein (becomes unfit for eating) terumah [even that which is terumah by rabbinic ordinance], and the heirs of both do not inherit her kethubah [a kethubath b'nin dichrin (see Kethuboth 4:10)]. And if they died, the brothers of the one and the brothers of the other give chalitzah and do not take her in yibum. [The brothers of the first give chalitzah by Torah ordinance, and the rabbis decreed that yibum not be performed; and the brothers of the second give chalitzah by rabbinic ordinance, just as she requires a get from the second by rabbinic ordinance.] R. Yossi says: Her kethubah is attached to the property of her first husband. R. Elazar says: Her first husband has rights in what she finds, the work of her hands, and the absolution of her vows. R. Shimon says: Cohabitation with or chalitzah from the brothers of the first exempt her tzarah. [He disagrees with what precedes, viz.: \"They give chalitzah and do not take her in yibum], and the child is not a mamzer [if her first husband took her back. And the halachah is in accordance with neither R. Yossi, nor R. Elazar, nor R. Shimon.] And if she married without the permission [of beth-din, as when two witnesses said to her: Your husband died, in which instance the permission of beth-din is not required], she is permitted to return to him.",
+ "\tIf she remarried by ruling of beth-din, she leaves him and she is exempt from an offering. [For if an individual (as opposed to a congregation) acts by ruling of beth-din, he is exempt from an offering (if the ruling is subsequently found to be erroneous.)] If she did not remarry by ruling of beth-din [but on the testimony of two witnesses], she must leave and bring an offering, [for she sinned unwittingly. The halachah is not in accordance with this Mishnah, but whether she remarried by ruling of beth-din or on the testimony of two witnesses, she and her second husband must bring an offering.] Superior is the power of beth-din, which exempts her from an offering. If beth-din ruled that she could remarry, and she went and cohabited sinfully, she must bring an offering; for they permitted her only to remarry.",
+ "\tIf a woman's husband and son went abroad, and they came and said to her: Your husband died, and then your son died, [so that she was not subject to yibum], and she remarried [to a stranger]; and then they said to her: The opposite was the case, she leaves him; and the child, both the former [i.e., before she heard otherwise], and the latter [after she heard otherwise] is a mamzer. This is in accordance with R. Akiva, who says that the issue of a relationship interdicted by negative commandment is a mamzer. But this is not the halachah.] If they said to her: Your son died, and then your husband died, and she were taken in yibum; and then they said to her: The opposite was the case, she leaves, and the child, both the former and the latter, is a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she remarried; and they said to her: He was alive (at the time she remarried), and then he died, she leaves him; and the child — the former is a mamzer, and the latter is not a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she was betrothed; and then her husband returned, she is permitted to return to him. Even if the latter gave her a get, she is not rendered unfit for the priesthood. R. Elazar b. Matia expounded in this regard (Leviticus 21:7): \"And a woman divorced from her husband\" (may not marry a Cohein) — and not from one who is not her husband.",
+ "\tIf a man's wife went abroad, and they came and said to him: Your wife died, and he married her sister, and then his wife returned, she is permitted to return to him, [for the betrothal of the second is meaningless, and he lived with her in z'nuth. And it is stated in the gemara (Numbers 5:13): \"And a man lie with her\" — her lying (adulterously) forbids her (to her husband), and not her sister's.] He is permitted to the kin of the second [i.e., to marry her (sister's) daughter, it being ruled (11:1): \"One may marry the kin of a woman he ravished or seduced], and the second is permitted to his kin; and if the first (i.e., his wife) died, he is permitted to the second. If they said to him: Your wife died, and he married her sister; and then they said to him: She was alive (when you married her sister) and then she died, the former child is a mamzer, and the latter is not. R. Yossi says: All who render unfit for others render unfit for themselves, and all who do not render unfit for others do not render unfit for themselves. [R. Yossi heard the first tanna saying: It makes no difference whether his wife and his brother-in-law went abroad or whether his betrothed and his brother-in-law went abroad — if they came and said to him: Your wife died and your brother-in-law died, and he married her sister, and then his wife and his brother-in-law returned, his brother-in-law's wife is forbidden to her husband, and his own wife is permitted to him. And R. Yossi said to him: In the instance of his betrothed and his brother-in-law, where it might be said that there was a condition in the betrothal, and that his marriage to her sister was a bona fide one (the condition not having been met), so that she (the second) requires a divorce from him (the one who is married to the first), so that it not be said that a married woman is leaving without a get — since he renders her unfit for others, i.e., his brother-in-law (for, leaving him with a get, she is rendered unfit to her husband), he also renders his wife unfit for himself, by reason of \"the sister of his divorcée.\" But where his wife and his brother-in-law go abroad, and he marries her sister, in which instance it cannot be said that there was a condition in the marriage and that his marriage to the second was a bona fide one (as it could be said of betrothal), and she (the second) does not require a divorce from him — since he does not render unfit for others, not rendering his brother-in-law's wife unfit for him, he does not render unfit for himself, his wife being permitted to him, not being \"the sister of his divorcée.\"]",
+ "\tIf they said to him: Your wife died, and he married her sister from her father [not from her mother], and then [they said to him:] she [the second] died, and he married her [the second's] sister from her mother [and not from her father, so that the third is a stranger to the first], and then [they said to him:] she [the third] died, and he married her [the third's] sister from her father [and not from her mother, so that the fourth is a stranger to the second, and, it goes without saying, to the first], and then [they said to him:] she [the fourth] died, and he married her sister from her mother [so that she is a stranger to the third, and, likewise, to the first and to the second], and then they were all found to be alive [i.e., they said to him that they are all alive], he is permitted to the first, the third, and the fifth [for they are not kin to one another. And though the third is the sister of the second, she is permitted; for the betrothal of the second did not \"take,\" she being \"his wife's sister\" to the first, whom he had married before, so that she (the second) is like his ravished or seduced one (concerning which it is ruled that if one ravished a woman he is permitted to marry her daughter), the Torah having forbidden the sister of a wife alone; and where betrothal does not \"take,\" she is not \"the sister of a wife.\" And, similarly, with the fifth. Though she is the sister of the fourth, she is permitted to him. For since betrothal \"took\" in the third, the cohabitation of the fourth, who is a sister of the third, is found to be one of z'nuth, and the fifth is not forbidden to him.] And they exempt their tzaroth. [If he (the husband) died, and the yavam came and took one of them in yibum, he exempts her tzarah.] And he is forbidden to the second [because of the first] and to the fourth [because of the third.] And cohabitation with either one of them (the second or the fourth) does not exempt her tzarah (i.e., the husband's wives). And if he cohabited with the second after the death of the first, [the account of her death being true, and of the death of the others, false], he is permitted to the second and the fourth, and they exempt their tzaroth; and he is forbidden to the third [because of the second] and to the fifth [because of the fourth]. And cohabitation with either one of them (the third or the fifth) does not exempt her tzarah.",
+ "\tOne (a yavam) of nine years and one day renders [the yavamah] unfit to the brothers [if he lives with her, for his act is considered \"cohabitation.\" The same is true if he gives her a get or makes a ma'amar in her, both being valid (although his get is not a complete get, and his ma'amar is not a complete ma'amar.)], and his brothers render [her] unfit to him. But he renders unfit in the beginning, whereas his brothers render unfit in the beginning and in the end. [In the gemara it is explained that with a ma'amar, he renders unfit in the beginning, but not in the end. That is, if his older brother made a ma'amar and then he of nine years and one day made a ma'amar, he does not render her unfit to his brothers; but with cohabitation, he renders her unfit both in the beginning and in the end. Our Mishnah is elliptical, and is to be understood thus: \"But he renders unfit (only) in the beginning, whereas they render unfit (both) in the beginning and in the end. When is this so? With a ma'amar, but with cohabitation, he renders unfit in the end, too. How so? etc.\"] How so? If he of nine years and one day cohabited with his yevamah, he renders her unfit to the brothers (who had made a ma'amar first). If the brothers lived with her, or made a ma'amar, or gave her a get or chalitzah, they render her unfit to him (even after he cohabited with her).",
+ "\tIf one (a yavam) of nine years and one day cohabited with his yevamah, and then his brother of nine years and one day cohabited with her, he (the latter) renders her unfit to him. [For this is like a ma'amar after a ma'amar, both (cohabitations) \"taking.\"] R. Shimon says: He does not render her unfit. [For the cohabitation of a nine-year-old, according to R. Shimon, either acquires her or does not acquire her. If it acquires her, it acquires her completely, so that the cohabitation of his brother is meaningless. And if it does not acquire her, then it is as if neither he nor his brother had cohabited with her.]",
+ "\tIf one (a yavam) of nine years and one day cohabited with his yevamah, and then with her tzarah, he renders (them) unfit to himself. R. Shimon says: He does not render unfit. If one of nine years and one day cohabited with his yevamah and died, she receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum. [For she has upon her the linkage of two yavmin. For with the cohabitation of his minor, which is like a ma'amar in an adult, she is not released from the linkage of her first falling, and the linkage of the second falls upon her, concerning which we learned (3:9): \"when the linkage of one yavam, and not two, is upon her.\"] If he married a woman and died [and he has brothers], she is exempt [from yibum]. For though his cohabitation is \"cohabitation,\" his acquisition is not \"acquisition\" until he brings two (pubic) hairs. In the instance of a yevamah, however, since she is linked to him, the rabbis made it (his cohabitation) like a ma'amar.]",
+ "\tIf one (a yavam) of nine years and one day cohabited with his yevamah, and when he came of age, he married another woman and died — if he did not cohabit with the first from the time he came of age, the first receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum, [for the linkage of two yavmin is upon her. Since he did not cohabit with her when he came of age, she did not satisfy the first falling (for yibum).], and the second either receives chalitzah or is taken in yibum. R. Shimon says: He takes whichever he wishes in yibum, [the linkage of two yavmin not obtaining according to R. Shimon (And thus do we find it in 3:9)], and he gives chalitzah to the second. [For (it may be that) they are not tzaroth for one to be exempt by the yibum of the other. And he cannot take both in yibum either. Since she is her tzarah by partial ma'amar according to the rabbis, the impression is given of two yevamoth coming from one house.] Both one who is nine years and a day, and one who is twenty years and has not brought two (pubic) hairs [are alike in respect to all that is stated above. For so long as he has not brought two hairs, he is a minor, until he reaches the age of thirty-five. And if he reaches that age without having brought two hairs, even though the aforementioned signs of a saris (8:4) are not observable in him, he is regarded as a seris-chammah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tOne may marry the kin of a woman that he ravished or seduced. [He is permitted to marry her daughter, her mother, or her sister, it being written (Leviticus 20:14): \"And a man, if he takes a woman and her mother\" — With all of the others \"lying\" is written, and here, \"taking,\" to teach that it is by way of \"taking\" (in marriage) that they are interdicted.] If one ravishes or seduces (the kin of) one to whom he is married, he is liable. One may marry a woman who has been ravished by his father or seduced by his father; ravished by his son or seduced by his son. R. Yehudah forbids a woman ravished by his father or seduced by his father, [it being written (Deuteronomy 23:1): \"A man shall not take the wife of his father, and he shall not uncover the lap of his father\" — the \"lap\" that his father has seen, he may not uncover. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah. But the sages forbade one suspected of (illicit relations with) a woman to marry her daughter, or sister, or mother, or one of her kin; for she is wont to be with them, and they might come to sin. And if he transgressed and married one of the kin of a woman he ravished or seduced or one of the kin of a woman he is suspected of, she is not taken from him. As to our Mishnah, \"One may marry, etc.\", which implies that he may do so ab initio — this is so after the death of the one he ravished or seduced, where it is not to be feared that after marrying the daughter, he will live with the first.]",
+ "\tIf the sons of a proselyte woman became proselytes with her, they do not give chalitzah, and they do not take in yibum, [\"brotherhood\" from the father being required (for yibum), and proselytes having no kinship from the father.] (This is so) even if the first were conceived in non-holiness (i.e., before proselytization) and born in holiness, and the second, conceived in holiness and born in holiness. And the same applies to a bondswoman, whose children were freed together with her.",
+ "\tFive women whose children were mixed up with each other [and each had a son, who did not become mixed up with them] — if those who had been mixed together grew up, married and died, four give chalitzah to one of them, and the fifth takes her in yibum. [The known son of each one of the four gives chalitzah to one of them, each possibly being his brother's wife; and the fifth marries her in any event — If she is his brother's wife, he takes her in yibum; and if not, her yavam has given her chalitzah.] He (the one who performed yibum) and three give chalitzah to another woman, and the fifth takes her in to another woman, and the fifth takes her in yibum [in any event. And these two (who have taken wives in yibum) give chalitzah to the third woman, the other two with them, and the fifth takes her in yibum, and so with the others.] It is found, then, that there are four chalitzoth and one yibum for each woman. [Four chalitzoth first, for neither is permitted to take her in yibum until the other four give her chalitzah, so that he not be in violation of \"a yevamah to the marketplace.\" And the four may also give chalitzah to all of them and the fifth marry them, but the first procedure is preferable, for it may be that each will take his linked one and fulfill the mitzvah of yibum.]",
+ "\tA woman whose child became mixed up with that of her daughter-in-law — If those who had been intermixed grew up, married and died, the (known) sons of the daughter-in-law give chalitzah, but do not take in yibum, each woman possibly being his brother's wife or the wife of his father's brother. And the sons of the mother-in-law either give chalitzah or take in yibum, each woman possibly being his brother's wife or the wife of his brother's son. If the known sons died, the mixed up sons give chalitzah to the (wives of) the sons of the mother-in-law but do not take in yibum, each woman possibly being his brother's wife or the wife of his father's brother. And the sons of the daughter-in-law — one gives chalitzah [first] and [then] the other takes in yibum [— in any event. If the one who gave chalitzah is the son of the daughter-in-law, and he gave chalitzah to his brother's wife, he permits her thereby, and the other, the son of the mother-in-law, may marry her, the wife of one's brother's son being permitted to him. And if the one who gave chalitzah is the son of the mother-in-law and he gave chalitzah to the wife of his brother's son, it is as if she has received chalitzah from a stranger, so that when the son of the daughter-in-law takes her in yibum, he does so properly.]",
+ "\tIf the child of the daughter of a Cohein were mixed up with the child of her bondswoman, they eat terumah, [for both a Cohein and the bondsman of a Cohein eat terumah. And they share one share on the threshing floor. [The gemara explains that they share as one. If both come as one to the threshing floor, they are given (the produce), but it is not given to one without the other, this tanna holding that terumah is not allocated to a bondsman unless his master is with him.] And they do not become unclean for the dead, and they do not marry, neither fit women (i.e., women who are fit for the priesthood) nor unfit ones. [For each one is possibly a Cohein-possibly a bondsman. The fit ones are forbidden to the bondsman, and the unfit ones are forbidden to the Cohein, and (the ruling in the instance of) \"something possibly forbidden is for stringency.\" When the mixed up ones grow up and free each other, they marry women fit for the priesthood and they do not make themselves unclean for the dead. And if they do make themselves unclean, they do not receive forty stripes, [for each one can say: I am not a Cohein.] And they do not eat terumah. And if they did eat, they do not pay the principal and a fifth, [for each one can say: I am not a Cohein, and money is not taken from one on the basis of a doubt], and they do not share on the threshing floor, and they sell the terumah. [They do not give the terumah of their produce to a Cohein, for each one can say: Bring proof that I am not a Cohein. But, in any event, they are not permitted to eat it, but they sell it to a Cohein and the money is theirs.], and they do not share in what was consecrated to the Temple [such as the hides of offerings; for to each one we can say: Bring proof that you are a Cohein and take.] And we do not give them offerings [to sacrifice], and we do not take them from their hands [e.g., if a first-born (beast) were born to them, we do not take it from them, but allow it to graze until it is blemished.] And they are exempt from (giving a Cohein) the shoulder, the cheeks, and the maw. And his first-born grazes until it is blemished, and there are imposed upon him the stringencies of Cohanim and the stringencies of Israelites. [The gemara explains that the fistful is taken of their meal-offerings as in the meal-offerings of Israelites, and is offered by itself, and what is left over is not eaten as with the meal-offering of an Israelite, but is burned, as with the meal-offering of a Cohein, which is entirely burned.]",
+ "\tIf one did not wait three months after her husband (died), and she remarried and bore a son, and it is not known whether he is a nine-month birth to the first husband, or a seven-month birth to the second — If she had sons from the first and sons from the second, they give chalitzah, but do not take in yibum [the wife of the doubtful son. One of the sons of the first gives chalitzah on the possibility that he is their father's son; but they do not take in yibum, it being possible that he is the son of the second, so that he is their brother from their mother, but not from their father, in which instance his wife is kareth-interdicted to them. And, likewise, with the sons of the second.] And he, likewise, with them. He gives chalitzah [to their wives], but he does not take in yibum. If he had brothers from the first and brothers from the second, not from the same mother, he either gives chalitzah [to the wife of the son of the first] or takes her in yibum. If he is his brother, all well and good; if not, she is a stranger to him. (This, when there is no other brother but him, where there is no possibility of \"a yevamah to the marketplace.\") And the same applies to the wife of the son of the second.] And they — one gives chalitzah and the other takes in yibum. [Either the son of the first or the son of the second gives chalitzah, and the other takes in yibum. If she is his yevamah, all well and good; if not, she is a stranger to him. And there is no problem of \"a yevamah to the marketplace,\" for her yavam has given her chalitzah.]",
+ "\tIf one [of the husbands (in the above instance) were an Israelite and the other a Cohein, he (the doubtful son) must marry a woman fit for a Cohein, and he may not make himself unclean for the dead [see 11:5 for this and for what follows.] If he did make himself unclean, he does not receive forty stripes. And he does not eat terumah. If he did eat, he does not pay the principal and a fifth. And he does not share on the threshing floor, and he sells the terumah and the money is his. And he does not share in the offerings of the sanctuary, and he is not given offerings, and we do not take his from his hand, and he is exempt from the shoulder, the cheeks, and the maw, and his first-born (beast) grazes until it is blemished, and there are imposed upon him the stringencies of Cohanim and the stringencies of Israelites. If both were Cohanim, he mourns (each of them) [on the possibility that he is his father; and on the day of his death, he is forbidden to eat consecrated food.] and they mourn him [and on the day of his death, consecrated food is forbidden to both of them. Such an instance, where he sees the death of both and yet is a fit Cohein (not having been made a chalal by marriage to a Cohein after a divorce), so that he may not become unclean for them — such an instance obtains when she were betrothed (to the first) mistakenly, on condition, the condition not having been fulfilled, in which instance she leaves him without a get, and where she remarried within three months (of the death of the first). In such an instance he sees the death of both and yet is a fit Cohein, for which reason he may not become unclean for them.] He may not become unclean for them and they may not become unclean for him. He does not inherit them, [for the heirs push him off, one to the other], but they inherit him [for who can stop them? And they divide the money between themselves]. He is not liable for striking or cursing the one or the other, and he may go up for the watch (mishmar) of the one or the other [to serve, and the men of that watch cannot stop him], but he does share (in the offerings), [for all the men of one watch can push him off to the other.] If both (husbands) were in one watch, he takes one share."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThe mitzvah of chalitzah is before three judges, even three hedyototh (non-learned men). [The reason they are called \"judges\" is that, like judges, they must know how to read the verses. And though it is stated that the mitzvah of chalitzah is before three, two others must join them so that the chalitzah, being before five, is more greatly publicized. And the two that are added need not even know how to read. If she performed chalitzah with a minal [(a foot-covering) of soft leather], her chalitzah is kasher; [but he should not do so ab initio — a decree lest he give chalitzah with a minal torn from above. For even if the torn one sits on his foot, since it is soft, it does not satisfy the requirement of affording protection. But a sandal (a shoe) is of stiff leather, and since, when it is torn it does not sit on his foot, there is no reason to forbid (an intact sandal) lest he come to give chalitzah with a torn sandal — for which reason chalitzah is essentially with a sandal.] If she performed chalitzah with anfilin [foot-coverings of cloth], her chalitzah is invalid, for something that affords protection is required, it being written here (Deuteronomy 25:9): \"his shoe,\" and, elsewhere (Ezekiel 16:10): \"And I shod you with tachash,\" which is leather.] (If he gave her chalitzah) with a heeled sandal, it is kasher; with an unheeled sandal, it is invalid. From the knee-joint down, her chalitzah is kasher; from the knee-joint up [i.e., if the laces of the shoe were tied above the knee-joint], it is invalid.",
+ "\tIf she performed chalitzah with a sandal that was not his or with one of wood [provided that it was covered with leather] or with the left shoe on the right foot, her chalitzah is kasher. If she performed chalitzah with a large shoe in which he could walk, [If the shoe were larger than his size, if he could walk in it, her chalitzah is kasher], or with a small shoe [smaller than his size], if it covered most of his foot, her chalitzah is kasher. If she performed chalitzah at night, her chalitzah is kasher. R. Eliezer rules that it is invalid. (If she performed chalitzah) on his left foot, it is invalid. R. Eliezer rules that it is kasher. [The halachah is according to R. Eliezer re invalidating chalitzah at night, and not in accordance with him re ruling chalitzah on the left foot to be kasher].",
+ "\tIf she removed the shoe and spat, but did not recite (the prescribed formula), her chalitzah is kasher. [For when the Torah wrote: \"Thus,\" implying a constraint, it was written relative to the act, viz. (Deuteronomy 25:9): \"Thus shall be done with the man,\" and recitation is mere speech.] If she recited and spat, but did not remove the shoe, her chalitzah is invalid. If she removed the shoe and recited, but did not spit — R. Eliezer says: Her chalitzah is invalid. R. Akiva says: Her chalitzah is kasher. R. Eliezer said: \"Thus shall be done\" — Everything which is an act constrains. R. Akiva rejoined: Does that prove it? (It is written:) \"Thus shall be done with the man\" — everything which is an act in the man [such as chalitzah, where the woman performs an act on the man's body, as opposed to spitting which is not an act on the man's body.]",
+ "\tA deaf-mute who was given chalitzah, and a deaf-mute who performed chalitzah, and a woman given chalitzah by a minor — her chalitzah is invalid. [(\"A deaf-mute who was given chalitzah, his chalitzah is invalid\":) For he does not release her (from yibum linkage) where there is another brother who is fit. (\"And a deaf-mute who performed chalitzah, her chalitzah is invalid\":) For she herself is not released by her chalitzah, and there is no amendment for her except through yibum. And if he wishes to send her away thereafter, he does so by a get. (\"And a woman given chalitzah by a minor, her chalitzah is invalid.\":) Wherever \"invalid chalitzah\" (chalitzah p'sulah) is spoken of in our chapter, it is only in that she cannot be taken in yibum after that chalitzah, and she requires a bona fide chalitzah to permit her to others. And that tanna who calls the chalitzah of a minor \"chalitzah p'sulah,\" which implies that it renders her unfit for yibum — that tanna is R. Meir; for the rabbis say that the chalitzah of a minor is meaningless and does not render her unfit for yibum. And the halachah is in accordance with the sages.] If a minor performed chalitzah, she must do so (again) when she comes of age; and if she did not, her chalitzah is invalid.",
+ "\tIf she performed chalitzah before two [fit] judges, or three, and one [of them] were found to be kin or unfit, [so that only two fit ones remained], her chalitzah is invalid, [and this is the halachah, chalitzah not being valid with fewer than three.] R. Shimon and R. Yochanan Hasandler rule it to be valid. And it once happened that chalitzah was performed between the man and the woman (alone) in prison, and when R. Akiva was apprised of it he ruled it valid.",
+ "\tThe mitzvah of chalitzah: He and his yevamah come to beth-din, and they counsel him as befits him. [If he were young and she old; or he, old, and she, young, they tell him: What do you want with someone so young (or with someone so old) — find someone your own age!], viz. (Deuteronomy 25:8): \"Then the elders of his city shall call to him and they shall speak to him.\" She says (Ibid. 7): \"My yavam does not desire to invest for his brother a name in Israel; he does not desire to have me in yibum,\" and he says (Ibid. 8): \"I did not desire to take her.\" And in the holy tongue they (the yavam and the yevamah) would say (Ibid. 9): \"Then his yevamah shall draw near to him before the eyes of the elders, and she shall remove his shoe from his foot, and she shall spit in his face\" (spittle that is visible to the judges) \"and she shall answer and say: 'Thus shall it be done with the man who would not build the house of his brother.'\" Until this point they (the judges) would read for them. And when R. Horkanos read (for the yevamah) under the terebinth in Kfar Ittam and concluded the entire section, it was established that the entire section be concluded, viz. (Ibid. 10): \"And his name shall be called in Israel: 'the house chalutz hana'al' ('of the removed shoe').\" It is a mitzvah for the judges (to answer after her: \"chalutz hana'al\"), and it is not a mitzvah for the disciples (to do so). R. Yehudah says: It is a mitzvah for all who stand there to say: \"chalutz hana'al, chalutz hana'al!\" [And the halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: Refusal [miun] obtains only with the betrothed. [An orphan girl who was wed by her mother and her brothers can refuse only from betrothal (and not from marriage).] Beth Hillel say: Both with the betrothed and with the married. Beth Shammai say: With the husband, but not with the yavam. [If her husband died without her having refused him, and she fell before the yavam, she is not released with miun, but she waits until she comes of age and she performs chalitzah]. Beth Hillel say: (Refusal obtains) with both the husband and the yavam. Beth Shammai say: (Only) before him. Beth Hillel say: (Both) in beth-din and not in beth-din. Beth Hillel said to Beth Shammai: She may refuse when she is a minor, even four or five times. Beth Shammai rejoined: \"The daughters of Israel are not hefker\" (\"abandoned ones\") [and even from betrothal she cannot refuse and betroth herself to another and refuse again], but she refuses [this one] and waits [to become betrothed to another] until she comes of age, and she refuses and marries. [Not that she refuses another time, but that she refuses and waits to betroth another until she comes of age. Or, if she wishes to marry, she refuses her husband and marries immediately, for being married, she can no longer refuse according to Beth Shammai.]",
+ "\tWho is a minor that requires miun? One whose mother and brothers wed her with her knowledge. If they wed her without her knowledge, miun is not required. R. Chanina b. Antignos says: Any young girl who is not able to care for her betrothal (money or deed) does not require miun. R. Eliezer says: The act of a minor is of no significance; it is as if she has [not been married, but] seduced — the daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein does not eat terumah; the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite eats terumah. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer, but with R. Chanina b. Antignos. And one who is less than six is assumed not to be able to care for her betrothal and does not require miun. If she is older than ten, it is assumed that she is able to care for her betrothal, though she be extremely foolish. From six until ten it must be ascertained whether or not she is able to care for her betrothal. She may exercise the miun option until she reaches the age of twelve years and one day and shows (pubertal) signs. After that she cannot refuse, even if he did not cohabit with her. And if he lived with her after twelve years and one day, even if she did not show signs, we entertain the apprehension that the signs have fallen and that he has acquired her.]",
+ "\tR. Eliezer b. Yaakov says: (With) any detention (of the woman) which comes from the man — it is as if she is his wife. And (with) any detention which is not from the man — it is as if she is not his wife. [If he gave her a get, this is \"detention\" which comes from the man. For her not having exercised the miun option shows that her \"detention\" with him stemmed from (her desire to remain with) him. If she did exercise the miun option, this is \"detention\" which does not come from the man, her \"detention\" with him having stemmed from her desire to remain with him. The Mishnah is explained below.]",
+ "\tIf one refuse [hamemaeneth] a man, he is permitted to her kin and she is permitted to his kin, and he does not render her unfit for the priesthood. If he gave her a get, he is forbidden to her kin and she is forbidden to his kin and he renders her unfit for the priesthood. If he gave her a get and took her back, and she refused him and married another and was widowed or divorced, she is permitted to return to him. [Even though if he did not take her back and she married another out of divorce and was widowed, she is forbidden to the first, still, if he took her back and she refused him, this refusal shows her to be a minor and annuls the get, so that in taking her back, it is not as if he is taking back his divorcée after she wed another.] This is the rule: get after miun — she is forbidden to return to him; miun after get, she is permitted to return to him. [That is, even if he divorced her many times and he took her back, and she refused him — if she married the other out of a get, she is forbidden to return to him; if out of miun, she is permitted to return to him.]",
+ "\tIf one refused a man and married another and he divorced her; another, and she refused him, [that is, she then married a third and she refused him]; another, and he divorced her; another, and she refused him — whoever she left by get, she may not return to. [Even though she left the one after him by miun, this does not annul her get.]; whoever she left by miun, she may return to.",
+ "\tIf one divorces a woman and takes her back, she is permitted to the yavam. [And we do not say that the original marriage causes the yevamah to fall before the yavam, and from the time his brother divorced her she is forbidden to him as \"his brother's wife,\" being the divorcée of his brother.] R. Eliezer forbids her, [decreeing against all of these by reason of \"an orphan in her father's lifetime,\" concerning whom it is stated later in our Mishnah that she is considered a divorcée even according to the rabbis. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.] Likewise, if one divorced an orphan and took her back, she is permitted to the yavam. R. Eliezer forbids her. A minor who was betrothed by her father and was divorced is like \"an orphan in her father's lifetime.\" [Even though her father is living, she is like an orphan relative to betrothal, her father no longer having the power to accept her betrothal.] If he took her back [when she was a minor], all say that she is forbidden to the yavam [if her husband died when she was still a minor, for her \"return betrothal\" was meaningless, her father's authority in her having lapsed, and she having no authority of her own, for which reason she remains in the status of a divorcée.]",
+ "\tIf two brothers were married to two sisters, [if they were] orphans-minors, and the husband of one of them died, she leaves by reason of \"his wife's sister,\" [and she is exempt from chalitzah and yibum.] The same applies to two deaf-mutes, (whose marriage is, likewise, by rabbinic ordinance). If one (sister) were an adult and the other, a minor, if the husband of the minor dies, the minor leaves by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" If the husband of the adult dies, [and she fell for yibum before the husband of the minor, the linkage of the adult, which is Torah-based, forbids the minor to him because her marriage is (only) by rabbinic ordinance, and she is \"the sister of his linked one.\" What, then, should be done?] R. Eliezer said: The minor is taught to refuse him [and dissolve the marriage, after which he takes the adult in yibum. And this is the halachah.] R. Gamliel says: If she refused, she refused; and if not, she waits until she comes of age, when the other leaves by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" [The linkage of the adult does not forbid the minor to him, R. Gamliel holding that linkage is not strong enough to forbid his wife to him. Therefore, if she refused, all well and good, and he takes the adult in yibum. And if not, the minor abides with him until she comes of age and her marriage becomes Torah-based, whereupon the adult leaves by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" But he does not give chalitzah to the adult, for he would thereby forbid his wife to himself by reason of \"the sister of his chalutzah.\"] R. Yehoshua says: Woe to him for his wife [Woe to him who sends out his wife with a get. For we do not teach her to refuse, holding that \"one should distance himself from refusals\"], and woe to him for his brother's wife! He sends out his wife with a get, and his brother's wife with chalitzah.",
+ "\tIf one were married to two orphans-minors [strangers], and he died, the cohabitation of chalitzah of one of them [after she came of age] exempts her tzarah. Likewise, with two deaf-mutes. [That is, just as with two minors, the cohabitation of one exempts her tzarah, so with two deaf-mutes. But chalitzah is not mentioned in respect to a deaf-mute, chalitzah not obtaining with her.] (If he were married to) a minor and a deaf-mute, the cohabitation of one of them does not exempt her tzarah. [Even though the marriage of both is not bona fide marriage, still, we do not know which he preferred, and which was regarded more as his wife.] A pikachath (one in possession of all her faculties) and a deaf-mute — the cohabitation of the pikachath exempts the deaf-mute; but the cohabitation of the deaf-mute does not exempt the pikachath. An adult and a minor — the cohabitation of the adult exempts the minor, but the cohabitation of the minor does not exempt the adult. [For cohabitation with one whose marriage was bona fide exempts her whose marriage was not bona fide, but the opposite is not the case.]",
+ "\tIf one were married to two orphans-minors and he died — if the yavam cohabited with the first and then with the second, or if his brother cohabited with the second, the first is not rendered unfit. [For their cohabitation is equal. If the first is acquired (through it), she is his wife, and the cohabitation of the second is one of z'nuth. And if she is not acquired, both are strangers to him, for they were (likewise) not acquired by his brother. And he keeps the first, for she was not rendered unfit to him. But he does not keep the second, for it may be that they were acquired, so that after he cohabited with the first, the second was forbidden to him by reason of \"two houses.\"] The same applies to two deaf-mutes. A minor and a deaf-mute — if the yavam cohabited with the minor and then with the deaf-mute, or if his brother cohabited with the deaf-mute, the minor is not rendered unfit to him. If the yavam cohabited with the deaf-mute and then with the minor, or if his brother cohabited with the minor, the deaf-mute is rendered unfit to him. [For it may be that the minor is completely acquired and the deaf-mute is partially acquired, so that (the interdict of) \"two houses\" obtains. For thus do we conclude in the gemara, that a minor is either totally acquired in that she is fit for cohabitation in the future — or not acquired at all. And a deaf-mute is acquired and \"left over\"; that is, partially and not absolutely acquired. And even so, if he cohabited with the deaf-mute after cohabiting with the minor, he does not render the minor unfit, whatever the case, viz.: If the minor is completely acquired, he has acquired her, and the subsequent cohabitation with the deaf-mute is of no significance in this regard. And if she is not acquired at all, neither was she acquired by his brother, so that she is a stranger. But if he cohabited first with the deaf-mute and then with the minor, he renders the deaf-mute unfit. For it may be that the minor was completely acquired, in which instance the acquisition of the deaf-mute, which is only a partial one, is invalidated. (Some versions read thus: If he cohabited with the minor and then with the deaf-mute, he renders the minor unfit to him, this being a decree in respect of his cohabiting with the deaf-mute and then cohabiting with the minor.)]",
+ "\tAn adult and a minor — if the yavam cohabited with the adult and then cohabited with the minor, or if his brother cohabited with the minor, the adult is not rendered unfit. If the yavam cohabited with the minor and then cohabited with the adult, or if his brother cohabited with the adult, the minor is rendered unfit. R. Elazar says: We teach the minor to refuse him. [And the halachah is in accordance with R. Elazar.]",
+ "\tIf a yavam-minor cohabited with a yevamah-minor, they are to \"grow up\" with each other [and he cannot divorce her until he comes of age, for the get of a minor is not a get.] If he cohabited with a yevamah-adult, she is to wait until he comes of age. If the yevamah said in the midst of thirty days [after the yavam took her]: I was not cohabited with, [and the yavam says: I did cohabit with you, and a get suffices for you], he is compelled to give her chalitzah. [For she is believed. For until thirty days one can restrain himself and not cohabit.] After thirty days, he is requested to give her chalitzah. [After thirty days he is believed; for a man cannot restrain himself from cohabiting for more than thirty days. However, she is not thereby permitted, having rendered herself forbidden and in need of chalitzah, so that he is requested to give her chalitzah. But he is not compelled, for he says that he did cohabit with her. As to his being compelled to give chalitzah in the midst of thirty days and being requested to give chalitzah after thirty days, and not being compelled and requested to take her in yibum — the gemara posits this to be an instance where she presents a get; for having given a get to his linked one, she is rendered unfit to him. But she still requires chalitzah to permit her to others. And if (after thirty days) she says: I was cohabited with, and he says: I did not cohabit with her, we pay no heed to his word, and she does not require chalitzah.] And when he concedes (that he did not cohabit with her), even after twelve months, he is compelled to give her chalitzah.",
+ "\tIf one vows, in her husband's lifetime, to derive no enjoyment from her yavam, he is compelled to give her chalitzah. [For (when she made the vow) it did not enter her mind that her husband would die and that she would fall before him for yibum, and she receives her kethubah.] After her husband's death, he is requested to give her chalitzah. And if she intended this (to shun yibum), even in her husband's lifetime, he is requested to give her chalitzah. [After her husband's death, she is a rebel (in vowing thus), and we rule that a writ of rebellion is written against one awaiting yibum (and refusing it). We request that he give her chalitzah, and he gives her her kethubah if he wishes to. And if he does not wish to give her chalitzah and she rebels against him and consents to lose her kethubah, we compel him to give her chalitzah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tA deaf-mute who married a pikachath, and a pikeach who married a deaf-mute — if he wishes, he sends her away, and if he wishes, he keeps her. Just as he (the deaf-mute) marries by gesticulation, so he sends away by gesticulation. [That is, as betrothal, so is divorce. And, likewise, a pikeach who married a deaf-mute. He married her by gesticulation, gesturing to her until she accepted; and he sends her away by gesticulation, if he wishes to send her away.] If a pikeach married a pikachath and she became a deaf-mute [Even though her betrothal was bona fide, in that she was a pikachath at that time], if he wishes to send her away, he sends her away, [the woman's consent not being required], and if he wishes, he keeps her. If she becomes deranged, he may not send her away. [Even though she knows how to care for her get and, by Torah ordinance, is divorced, the sages instituted that he not divorce her, so that men not \"make free\" with her.] If he became a deaf-mute or deranged [after betrothal], he never sends her away. [Since his betrothal was bona fide betrothal, he can never send her away, incomplete divorce not dissolving complete betrothal.] R. Yochanan b. Nuri asked: Why is it that a woman who became a deaf-mute can be divorced, whereas a man who became a deaf-mute cannot divorce? They answered: A man divorcing cannot be compared to a woman being divorced. A woman is divorced either consentingly or non-consentingly. A man divorces only by volition.",
+ "\tR. Yochanan b. Godgada testified about a deaf-mute whose father had betrothed her [when she was a minor, and who had accepted her betrothal, so that her betrothal was complete in spite of her being a deaf-mute (since she was betrothed by her father's knowledge and not her own)] that she goes out with a get. [Even after she had become of age and her father's authority had lapsed, she receives her get.] They said to him: This one, too, [a pikachath who became a deaf-mute] is like her.",
+ "\tTwo deaf-mute brothers married to deaf-mute sisters or to two deaf-mute pikchoth, or to two sisters, one, a deaf-mute; the other, a pikachath, or two deaf-mute sisters married to two brothers, pikchim, or to two deaf-mute brothers, or to two brothers, one, a deaf-mute; the other, a pikeach, are exempt from chalitzah and from yibum. [For since both men are deaf-mutes or both women deaf-mutes, as the betrothal of one, so is the betrothal of the other, and the betrothal of his wife (the sister) comes and dissolves the linkage of his yevamah, which is not a complete linkage.] And if they were strangers, they can marry them [for there is no chalitzah with a deaf-mute man or woman, \"and he shall say,\" \"and she shall say\" not obtaining with them]; and if they wish to send them away, they send them away [with a get, a get by gesticulation coming and dissolving his betrothal and his brother's linkage, which was by gesticulation.]",
+ "\tTwo brothers, one, a deaf-mute; the other, a pikeach, married to two sisters, pikchoth: If the deaf-mute, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, do? She goes out by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" If the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the deaf-mute, the husband of the pikachath, do? He sends out his wife with a get [For the linkage of her sister, deriving from complete betrothal, forbids her to him. And there is no power in his betrothal to reject the yevamah by reason of \"his wife's sister\"], and his wife's brother is forbidden forever. [For a deaf-mute cannot give chalitzah, and he cannot marry her, by reason of \"his wife's sister.\"] ",
+ "Two brothers, pikchim, married to two sisters, one, a deaf-mute; the other, a pikachath: If the pikeach, the husband of the deaf-mute, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, do? She goes out by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" If the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the deaf-mute, do? He sends out his wife with a get, and his brother's wife, with chalitzah. ",
+ "Two brothers, one a deaf-mute; the other, a pikeach, married to two sisters, one a deaf-mute; the other, a pikachath: If the deaf-mute, the husband of the deaf-mute, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath do? She goes out by reason of \"his wife's sister.\" If the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the deaf-mute, the husband of the deaf-mute, do? He sends out his wife with a get, and his brother's wife is forbidden forever. ",
+ "Two brothers, one, a deaf-mute; the other, a pikeach, married to two strangers, pikchoth: If the deaf-mute, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, do? He gives either chalitzah or yibum. If the pikeach, the brother of the pikachath, died, what does the deaf-mute, the husband of the pikachath do? He marries her and never sends her away, [for his get cannot come and dissolve the original linkage of his brother.] ",
+ "Two brothers, pikchim, married to two strangers, one a pikachath; the other, a deaf-mute. If the pikeach, the brother of the deaf-mute, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, do? He marries her; and if he wishes to send her away (with a get) he does so. If the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the deaf-mute, do? He gives either chalitzah or yibum. ",
+ "Two brothers, one a deaf-mute; the other, a pikeach, married to two strangers, one a deaf-mute; the other, a pikachath: If the deaf-mute, the husband of the deaf-mute, died, what does the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, do? He marries her; and if he wishes to send her away (with a get), he does so. If the pikeach, the husband of the pikachath, died, what does the deaf-mute, the husband of the deaf-mute, do? He marries her and never sends her away."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tA woman who went abroad with her husband — if there were peace between him and her, and peace in the world, and she came and said: My husband died, she may remarry. [(\"If there were peace between him and her\":) For if there were strife between him and her, (we entertain the apprehension that) perhaps she is motivated by hatred to forbid herself to him. (\"and peace in the world\":) For if it were a time of danger, perhaps, when she saw that he was long in returning, she assumed that he had certainly been killed by bandits. Or else, she had seen him struck down in battle and assumed that he had certainly been killed. But, in peace-time, if she had not seen him killed, she would certainly apprehend the obloquy of his returning after she had remarried (so that she would not remarry unless she were certain that he were dead.)] If there were peace between him and her, and war in the world, or strife between him and her and peace in the world, and she came and said: My husband died, she is not believed. R. Yehudah says: She is never believed unless she came crying with her clothes rent. [The halachah is not in accordance with him.] They said to him: [Should a pikachath, then, (who is clever enough to dissimulate mourning) be permitted to remarry, and a shotah (one who is not a pikachath) not be permitted to remarry? Rather,] both the one and the other may remarry.",
+ "\tBeth Hillel say: We did not hear (that a woman is permitted to remarry) except when she came from the wheat harvest, and in the same province, and as in the (same) event that transpired, [where men went to harvest wheat, and a snake bit and killed one of them, and his wife came and apprised beth-din of it, and they sent and found her account to be correct. And the sages permitted (a woman to remarry) only in like circumstances — that it have occurred close at hand; but she was not believed (to testify) about what had transpired abroad.] Beth Shammai said to them: (She may remarry) whether she came from the wheat harvest, or the olive harvest, or the grape harvest, and from one province to another. The sages stated \"wheat harvest\" only in that such happened to be the case, [but the same applies to all places] — whereupon Beth Hillel retracted (their ruling) to rule according to Beth Shammai.",
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: She marries and she takes her kethubah (payment). Beth Hillel say: She marries and does not take her kethubah — whereupon Beth Shammai said to them: You permitted an ervah, which is more stringent, and you did not permit money, which is less stringent! Beth Hillel answered: We have found that her brothers do not enter the inheritance [of her husband] by her testimony, [it being written (Deuteronomy 19:15): \"By word of two witnesses, etc.\", but vis-à-vis her marrying, the rabbis were lenient, so that she not remain an agunah.] Beth Shammai rejoined: But should we not learn (the ruling) from the scroll of her kethubah, [i.e., from the formula of the kethubah deed], where he writes to her: \"If you marry another, take what is written (over) to you,\" [and she did remarry, wherefore she should take her kethubah!] — whereupon Beth Hillel retracted (their ruling) to rule according to Beth Shammai.",
+ "\tAll are trusted to testify (that her husband had died) except her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her tzarah, her yevamah, and her husband's daughter. [The reason for all is that they hate her and desire her undoing. Her mother-in-law hates her, thinking: This one will \"eat\" all of my toil! The daughter of her mother-in-law hates her, thinking: This one will inherit all the toil of my father and mother! Her yevamah fears lest in the end she will be her tzarah. Her husband's daughter thinks: This one came in my mother's place and \"ate\" all of her toil!] What is the difference between get and death, [that we say that even those women who are not trusted to say that her husband has died are trusted to bring her get]? For the writing confirms it, [i.e., for we rely primarily upon the get (even though we also rely upon them, their being required to say: \"Before me it was written, and before me it was signed.\")] If one witness came and said: \"He died, and she remarried,\" [not necessarily that she remarried, but that they permitted her to remarry], and another came and said that he did not die, she does not leave [her first sanction.] If one witness said that he died, and two said that he did not die, even if she had remarried, she is sent out. [This, in an instance where the two are unfit to testify. We are being apprised that since the Torah believed one witness (in this regard), the institution of witnesses does not (technically) obtain here, and that just as (the testimony of) one witness is entertained here, so (the testimony of) those unfit to testify is also entertained, and the majority deposition is followed, whether (the witnesses are) fit or unfit.] If two said he died, and one said that he did not die, even if she had not yet remarried, she may do so. [We are hereby apprised that the majority deposition is followed in an instance of unfit witnesses, whether for leniency or for stringency.]",
+ "\tIf one said that he died and one said that he did not die [(Two tzaroth came from abroad. One said: \"My husband died\"; the other: \"He did not die.\")] — the one who says that he died may remarry and take her kethubah. The one who said he did not die may not remarry and may not take her kethubah. If one said that he died (naturally), and the other, that he had been killed, R. Meir says: Since they contradict each other, they may not remarry. [The halachah is not in accordance with him.] R. Yehudah and R. Shimon say: Since both admit that he is not living, they may remarry. If one witness said that he died, and another that he did not die; if one woman said that he died, and another that he did not die, she may not remarry.",
+ "\tIf a woman went abroad with her husband, and she returned and said: My husband died, she may remarry and take her kethubah, and her tzarah is forbidden (to remarry). If she [the tzarah] were the daughter of an Israelite (married) to a Cohein, she eats terumah [on the assumption that her husband is alive, the testimony of her tzarah not being entertained vis-à-vis her; for since she is not believed to allow her to remarry, she is not believed to render her unfit for terumah. And this is the halachah.] These are the words of R. Tarfon. R. Akiva said: In this way she will not be removed from transgression; but she is forbidden to remarry, and she is forbidden to eat terumah.",
+ "\tIf she said: My husband died and then my father-in-law died, she may remarry and take her kethubah; and her mother-in-law is forbidden (to remarry). If she (her mother-in-law) were the daughter of an Israelite married to a Cohein, she eats terumah. These are the words of R. Tarfon. [In this instance, too, the halachah is in accordance with R. Tarfon; but in the instance of his betrothing one of five women and not knowing which one he betrothed, and, likewise, in the instance of his robbing one of five and not knowing which one, in both cases the halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva.] R. Akiva said: In this way she will not be removed from transgression; but she is forbidden to remarry and she is forbidden to eat terumah. If he betrothed one of five women and did not know which he betrothed, and each says: He betrothed me, he gives a get to each one, places a kethubah among them, and \"betakes himself.\" These are the words of R. Tarfon. R. Akiva says: In this way he will not be removed from transgression; but he must give a get and a kethubah to each one. If he robbed one of five and did not know which one he robbed, and each says: He robbed me, he places the stolen object among them, and \"betakes himself.\" These are the words of R. Tarfon. R. Akiva says: In this way he will not be removed from transgression, but he must pay each one (the amount of) the stolen object.",
+ "\tIf a woman and her husband went abroad, their son with them, and she returned and said: My husband died and then my son died, she is believed. [Since she had a son, and was not in a status of (potential) yibum linkage when she left, now, too, when she says: My husband died and then my son died, claiming not to have yibum linkage, she is believed.] (But if she said:) My son died and then my husband died, [desiring to be taken in yibum], she is not believed. And [if she wishes to marry \"in the marketplace\" (i.e., outside of yibum)], we are apprehensive of her words, [for she had declared herself to be forbidden to others]; and she receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum.",
+ "\t(If she said:) A son was given (i.e., born) to me abroad, and my son died and then my husband died, [not releasing herself from her original status, still requiring yibum according to her words], she is believed [and she is permitted to be taken in yibum. (If she said:) My husband died and then: My son died, she is not believed [to marry \"in the marketplace\" without chalitzah; for when the sages believed a woman, it is only in relation to her husband that they believed her, assuming that she would remarry only after making certain (that he had died): but they did not believe her relative to releasing herself from yibum, in that she might possibly be motivated by hatred (for the yavam).] And we are apprehensive of her words [i.e., that they are designed to free her from yibum], and she receives chalitzah and is not taken in yibum.",
+ "\t(If she said:) A yavam was given to me abroad [i.e., her mother-in-law had had a son abroad (and she had left in the status of not having a yavam)] — if she said (either): My husband died and then my yavam died, or: My yavam died and then my husband died, [permitting herself \"to the marketplace\" in both instances], she is believed [and is permitted \"to the marketplace\" as per her original status, \"the mouth that forbids (by apprising us of the yavam) being the mouth that permits.\"] If she, her husband, and her yavam had gone abroad — if she said [either:] My husband died and then my yavam died, or: My yavam died and then my husband died, she is not believed, a woman not being believed to say: My yavam died, (for it is possible that she says so only) that she might remarry; and (she is not believed to say): My sister died, (for it is possible that she says so only) that she might enter his house (i.e., \"the house\" of the one who had married his sister.) And a man is not believed to say: My brother died, that he might take his wife in yibum; and (he is not believed to say): My wife died, that he might marry her sister."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf a woman's husband and her tzarah went abroad, and they came and said to her: Your husband died, she may not remarry [(since her husband had left without children)], and she may not be taken in yibum until she knows that her tzarah had not been pregnant, [lest her tzarah had given birth. And if one would ask, let her be given chalitzah and then let her marry \"to the marketplace\" whatever the case — the gemara answers: A chalutzah is unfit for the priesthood, and if she were given chalitzah and then it were found that her tzarah had borne a \"surviving\" child and that the chalitzah were meaningless, she would have to be proclaimed as kasher for the priesthood, not having been rendered unfit by that chalitzah. And if one had been present at the chalitzah, but not at the \"rescinding\" proclamation, and thereafter saw her married to a Cohein, he would say that a chalutzah is permitted to a Cohein.] If she had a mother-in-law [abroad], she need not fear [that she had been \"given\" a yavam. Even though above we do fear lest her tzarah might have given birth, that is because whatever she bore, male or female, it would release her from yibum; but, as to the mother-in-law, where even if she did bear, the first is yibum-linked only if she bore a son, we entertain the possibility that she might have miscarried, or (even if we assume that she had not miscarried,) that she might have borne a female.] If she (the mother-in-law) went out \"full\" (i.e., pregnant), she does fear [that she might have been given a yavam.] R. Yehoshua says: She does not fear. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehoshua.]",
+ "\tTwo yevamoth [wives of two brothers] — one says: My husband died; the other says: My husband died — the first is forbidden (to remarry) because of the husband of the second, and the second is forbidden because of the husband of the first. [Perhaps he is living and she is linked to him. And even though his wife says that he is dead, she is not believed to permit the other \"to the marketplace\" by her testimony, one yevamah not testifying for another.] If one has witnesses [that her husband has died] and the other does not have witnesses, the one who has witnesses is forbidden [to marry \"to the marketplace\"] and the one who has no witnesses is permitted. [She is not forbidden by reason of her husband, for she is believed to say: My husband has died; and she is also not forbidden by reason of her yevamah, for witnesses have come (to testify) that he died.] If one has children and the other does not have children [and neither had witnesses] — the one who has children is permitted, and the one who does not have children is forbidden. If they were taken in yibum [If there were two yavmin here, and they were taken in yibum], and the yavmin died, they are forbidden to marry [\"to the marketplace\" — one because of the first husband of the second; the second, because of the first husband of the first. Even though both are married to their yavmin on the premise that their husbands have died, it is by their own testimony that they are married. And they were believed, for a woman who says, \"My husband has died\" is taken in yibum. But now, they are not permitted to marry \"to the marketplace.\" For if they marry \"to the marketplace,\" the testimony of the one will be found to have helped the other, and yevamoth do not testify one for the other.] R. Elazar says: Since they were permitted to the yavmin [on the premise that their husbands have died], they were permitted to marry \"to the marketplace,\" for we do not apprehend any more that they might be alive. (The halachah is not in accordance with R. Elazar.)]",
+ "\tTestimony is given only on the full face with the nose even though there are (identifying) signs on his body and on his clothing. [If one did not see his full face, or if his nose were missing, he cannot testify (that he is dead) so that his wife can remarry, it being possible that it is not he.] Testimony is not given until his soul departs, even if they saw him meguyad [\"cut\" (i.e., with severed arteries) as in (Daniel 4:11): \"Godu ilana\" (\"Cut down the tree\")], and impaled, and an animal eating him [(only in a place from which the soul does not depart; but in a place from which the soul departs, they may testify that he has died.)] Testimony is given only until three days. [If they did not see him until three days after his death, they do not testify, for it is possible (after that time) that his appearance has changed, and that he is not the one they think him to be.] R. Yehudah b. Bava says: Not every man, and not every place, and not all times are the same. [Some men (such as those who are obese) swell rapidly. And there are places (such as hot places) where a body decays and changes more quickly. And there are times when it is hot, when decay and change are more rapid — all according to the man, the place, and the time. (The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.)]",
+ "\tIf one fell into (a body of) water, whether it has an end or does not have an end, his wife is forbidden (to remarry). R. Meir said: It once happened that a man fell into the great pit and came up after three days. [\"water that has an end\" — where all four sides are visible around the water; \"water that does not have an end\" — where one cannot see all around it. R. Meir makes no distinction between the one and the other, but the sages do in the baraitha, saying that (if he fell into) water that has an end, his wife is permitted if he remained there longer than the optimal survival time; and (if he fell into) water that does not have an end, his wife is forbidden, for it may be that he may have come up (on the other side) and continued on, as per R. Yossi in our Mishnah. The halachah is in accordance with the sages. (\"And he came up after three days\":) R. Meir holds that one can survive in water many days. Therefore, even in water which has an end, where if he emerged he would have been seen, we apprehend that he may have emerged after many days and not been seen. And R. Yossi disagrees and says: \"It happened with a certain blind man that he went down to bathe in a cave, etc.\"; and the instance of a cave is one of water which has an end, and they waited until they would have died and married their wives.] R. Yossi said: It happened with a certain blind man that he went down to bathe in a cave, and his attendant went down after him, and they waited (the amount of time it would take) for them to die, and they married their wives. Another incident (which occurred) in Assia. They lowered someone into the sea and came up only with his leg. The sages said: (If the leg were severed) above the knee-joint, she may remarry; below the knee-joint, she may not remarry. [Since he can live (in that condition), she may not remarry, for it may be that he had emerged and not been seen, it being water that did not have an end.]",
+ "\tEven if he overheard women saying: \"That man died\" [(where it is not their intention to testify)], it is sufficient [i.e., he may go to testify to marry his wife.] R. Yehudah says: Even if he overheard children saying: \"We are going to mourn and bury that man.\" [The gemara states that they must say: \"We are returning from mourning and burying that man.\" And he must also hear them speaking about the eulogy, viz.: \"These and these rabbis were there, and these and these eulogists were there.\" For it is the custom of the young to play and to invent names. And it may be that they have buried an ant or a grasshopper, whom they call by the name of a certain man.] (The speaker is believed) whether or not he intended (to testify.) R. Yehudah b. Bava says: With a Jew, (he is not believed) until he intends (to testify); with a gentile, if he intends to testify, his testimony is no testimony.",
+ "\tOne may testify (to a man's death) by the light of a candle and by the light of the moon, and a woman may remarry on the basis of a voice [(if they heard a voice crying: \"This and this man has died!\")] Once a man stood on top of a mountain and called out: \"This man, the son of this man, from this place died!\" They went and found no one there, and they married his wife. Another incident in Tzalmon: A man said: \"I am this man, the son of this man. A snake has bitten me, and I am dying.\" They went (to the spot), but could not recognize him; and they married his wife.",
+ "\tR. Akiva said: When I went down to Neharda'a to intercalate the year, I found Nechemiah of the house of Dali: He said to me: \"I have heard that only according to R. Yehudah b. Bava do they marry a woman in Eretz Yisrael on the testimony of one witness,\" and I said to him that it is so [i.e., that all his colleagues differ with him]. He said: \"Tell them in my name: You know that the country is beleaguered by troops [and that I cannot go to you to testify as to what I have heard, but tell them this in my name:] I have received it from R. Gamliel the elder that they marry a woman on the testimony of one witness.\" And when I came and set forth these words before R. Gamliel, he rejoiced at my words and said: \"We have found a colleague for R. Yehudah b. Bava.\" In the midst of these words, R. Gamliel remembered that men had been killed at Tel Arza and that R. Gamliel the elder had married their wives on the testimony of one witness; and they accepted it (among themselves) to marry on the testimony of one witness, to marry on the testimony of one witness from (i.e., from overhearing) another witness, from (the testimony of) a bondsman, from a woman, from a bondswoman. R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua say: We do not marry a woman on the testimony of one witness. R. Akiva says: Not on the testimony of a woman, of a bondsman, or of a bondswoman, or of kin. [And the halachah is as none of them, but we marry a woman on the testimony of a woman and even of kin (except for the five women mentioned in our Mishnah (15:4). And the testimony of a witness from a witness, from a woman, from a bondsman, from a bondswoman is kasher for marrying a woman.] They (the sages) said to him (R. Akiva): It happened with the sons of Levi that when they went to Tzoar, the city of dates, that one of them took sick on the road, whereupon they brought him to an inn. When they returned, they asked the hostess: \"Where is our friend?\" She answered: \"He died and I buried him\" — and they married his wife. They said to him: \"Should a daughter of the priesthood not be believed as the hostess of an inn!\" [That is, should a prestigious Jewess not be believed as a gentile innkeeper! If they believed the gentile woman, speaking casually, they certainly should believe a Jewess!] He answered: \"Would that the innkeeper were believed!\" [i.e., she, too, is not believed] — \"She took out to them his staff, and his traveling bag, and the Torah scroll that he used to carry!\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
+ "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY-NC",
+ "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "The Torah law obligating a man whose brother died without children [yavam] to marry his deceased brother’s widow [yevama] or to free her from her levirate bonds through the act of ḥalitza applies only when it is permitted for the widow to marry her surviving brother-in-law. However, in cases where the yevama is forbidden to her yavam due to her status as a close family relative, the mitzva of levirate marriage is not applicable, and she is exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza.
The Sages further taught that the exemption of a yevama from levirate marriage also exempts her rival wife. In other words, if the deceased brother had two wives, each a so-called rival of the other, and only one wife is a relative of the surviving brother, then the rival wife is also exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza. Moreover, if that same rival wife entered into levirate marriage with a different brother of the deceased, one to whom she is not forbidden, then were this third brother also to die childless, so that the obligation of levirate marriage would again be incurred by the second brother, not only is the forbidden rival wife exempt from levirate marriage and ḥalitza, her new rival wives from her second marriage are also exempt.
That is to say, any other wife of the third brother is exempt from the mitzva of levirate marriage, as she is the rival wife of that first rival wife, who was exempted from levirate marriage following her first husband’s death due the exemption of her original rival wife. The same principle applies if that second rival wife subsequently enters into levirate marriage with another permitted brother, and so on. In summary, every widow who is exempt from marrying her brother-in-law due to her status as rival wife of a forbidden relative is treated as a forbidden relative herself and is therefore exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage and causes exemption for future rival wives as well.
The mishna describes various cases that invoke the principles above. Fifteen categories of women constitute familial relations that are forbidden as incestuous, and consequently, these women exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives from ḥalitza and from levirate marriage forever, i.e., they also exempt rival wives of rival wives of rival wives, and so on. And these women are: The daughter of the yavam, i.e., the deceased brother had married a daughter of his brother, which means that when he died childless, his brother’s own daughter came before her father for levirate marriage, and therefore she is exempt. And the same applies if the deceased brother’s widow is the daughter of the daughter of the yavam, or if she is the daughter of his son, or the daughter of his wife. And similarly, if the yevama is the daughter of the son of the wife of her yavam or the daughter of his wife’s daughter, or if she is the mother-in-law of her yavam, or his mother-in-law’s mother, or his father-in-law’s mother, then she is exempt from ḥalitza and levirate marriage. The mishna continues its list of close relatives. If the yevama is the maternal half sister of the yavam, or if she is the sister of his mother, or his wife’s sister, then she is exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage Or if she was the wife of his maternal half brother, and after this brother died or divorced his wife, she married another of his father’s brothers, who was not her relative, and this brother died, she is exempt. In this case, the obligation to enter into levirate marriage should be incurred by the surviving brother, but since she was previously the wife of his maternal brother, she is exempt. And the same applies to the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist, i.e., the wife of a man who died before his brother was born. As will be explained, the obligation of levirate marriage does not apply to the yavam in this case. Since levirate marriage does not apply to him, the yevama remains forbidden to him as his brother’s wife. And the last case is if one’s yevama had previously been his daughter-in-law, and after his son had died one’s brother married her, before he too passed away. These fifteen women exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives from ḥalitza and levirate marriage forever. § And with regard to all of these women listed as prohibited relations, these halakhot apply only if they were married to the deceased brother until the time of his death. However, this is not the case if they died during the deceased brother’s lifetime, or if they refused their husbands when they were minors. This refusal is referring to the decree of the Sages that a girl under the age of twelve whose father is no longer alive may be married off by her mother or brothers. However, this marriage is not final, as she can terminate it by performing an act of refusal, i.e., by declaring, while still a minor, that she does not desire this marriage. In this case, the marriage is annulled retroactively and she is considered as though she were never married at all. Or if those women were divorced by their husband, the deceased brother, or were found to be a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], i.e., a woman who is so underdeveloped that she is not considered a woman in the full sense, these halakhot do not apply. Her marriage is considered a mistaken marriage and is null and void. In all these cases their rival wives are permitted, as the exemption for rival wives of forbidden relatives applies only when the forbidden relative was the brother’s wife at the time of his death, when the halakhot of levirate marriage came into effect. § And the mishna comments that the language of this principle is imprecise, as you cannot say with regard to his mother-in-law and with regard to his mother-in-law’s mother and with regard to his father-in-law’s mother that they were found to be an aylonit, as an aylonit is sterile and therefore cannot become a mother or a mother-in-law. Nor is the mishna precise when it states: Or refused, as refusal applies only to minors, who cannot give birth.",
+ "The mishna explains: How do these women exempt their rival wives? If, for example, his daughter or any one of those women with whom relations are forbidden was married to his brother and this brother had another wife, and the brother died, then just as his daughter is exempt from levirate marriage, so too her rival wife is exempt. If his daughter’s rival wife subsequently went and married his second brother, to whom she is permitted, and he had another wife, and he died childless as well, which means that his wife comes before the first yavam, the daughter’s father, for levirate marriage, then just as his daughter’s rival wife is exempt, so too the rival wife of her rival wife is exempt. The mishna adds: Even if they are one hundred brothers, the same logic applies. If a woman is exempt from levirate marriage because she is the rival wife of a forbidden relative or the rival wife of a rival wife of this kind, and she herself has an additional rival wife, this rival wife is also exempt and in turn exempts her own rival wives from levirate marriage. How so? What are the cases in which if they died their rival wives are permitted? If, for example, one’s daughter or any one of those women with whom relations are forbidden was married to his brother, and this brother had another wife, and then his daughter died or was divorced and afterward his brother died, her rival wife is permitted to him. § The mishna states another principle: And if any of these forbidden relatives was a minor who could refuse her husband, then even if she did not refuse, her rival wife performs ḥalitza and does not enter into levirate marriage. The rival wife may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is the rival wife of a forbidden relative. However, she is not entirely exempt from levirate marriage and must be released by ḥalitza because the marriage of the forbidden relative was not a fully valid marriage, and therefore, by Torah law, the other woman is not considered a rival wife of a forbidden relative.",
+ "Six women with whom relations are forbidden who were not enumerated in the first mishna are forbidden by prohibitions that are more severe than those listed in that mishna because they may be married only to others and may never be married to any of the brothers, due to the closeness of their relationship. However, this stringency entails a corresponding leniency: Since the halakha of levirate marriage is entirely inapplicable in these cases, their rival wives are permitted. The rival wife of a forbidden relative is forbidden herself only if the mitzva of levirate marriage is applicable, but where it is not in effect she is permitted. The six women with whom relations are forbidden are as follows: His mother, and his father’s wife, and his father’s sister, and his paternal half sister, and the wife of his father’s brother, and the wife of his paternal half brother. Each of these women with whom relations are forbidden is forbidden equally to all of the brothers, and the mitzva of levirate marriage is inapplicable. Therefore, her rival wife is permitted.",
+ "Up to this point, the discussions were based on the assumption that not only may a forbidden relative not enter into levirate marriage, but her rival wife is also exempt. However, this issue is subject to a long-standing dispute. Beit Shammai permit the rival wives to the brothers, as they did not accept the interpretation of the verses that indicates that rival wives are prohibited. And Beit Hillel forbid them. The previous mishnayot are in accordance with the opinion of Beit Hillel. If any of the rival wives of the brother performed ḥalitza, Beit Shammai disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood, as in their opinion these rival wives were fit for levirate marriage, which means that the ḥalitza was fully valid. Consequently, they are disqualified from marrying a priest, like all other women who perform ḥalitza. And Beit Hillel deem them fit, as they maintain that no legal act of ḥalitza was performed here at all. If they entered into levirate marriage, Beit Shammai deem them fit for the priesthood, as in their opinion, this is a fully legal levirate marriage. And Beit Hillel disqualify them, because they engaged in licentious sexual relations as the rival wives of a forbidden relative. § The mishna comments: Although Beit Hillel prohibit the rival wives to the brothers and Beit Shammai permit them, and although these disqualify these women and those deem them fit, Beit Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from Beit Hillel, nor did Beit Hillel refrain from marrying women from Beit Shammai. Furthermore, with regard to all of the disputes concerning the halakhot of ritual purity and impurity, where these rule that an article is ritually pure and those rule it ritually impure, they did not refrain from handling ritually pure objects each with the other, as Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel frequently used each other’s vessels."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Each of the women enumerated in the first chapter causes exemption from levirate marriage and ḥalitza for her rival wives. This is due to the close family relationship she has with her brother-in-law, making her forbidden to him. The single exception is the case explained in this mishna. What is the case of the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist? For example: If there were two brothers, and one of them died childless, and subsequently a brother of theirs was born, after which the second brother, the elder, took his deceased brother’s wife in levirate marriage, and then died as well. Consequently, two women require levirate marriage: The widow of the first brother who had been taken in levirate marriage by the second brother, and the widow of the second brother, the first widow’s rival wife. The first widow, who had been the wife of the first brother to die, goes out without any obligation to be taken in levirate marriage by the youngest brother who was born later, since she is the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. The first deceased brother never lived at the same time as the newly born brother. The second widow, who had been married to the second brother, is exempt due to her rival wife. The mishna discusses an additional situation: If the second brother had performed only levirate betrothal with her, meaning that he had not yet consummated the marriage, and then died, both the wife betrothed by a levirate betrothal to the second brother and the wife of the second brother fall before the youngest brother born after the death of the first brother. In that case, the first wife certainly goes out and is exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage, since she is to him the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. The second, however, was never effectively the rival wife of the first brother’s wife, as the first brother’s wife had only been betrothed by levirate betrothal and was not fully married to the second brother. Therefore, she performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If there were two brothers, and one died, and the second entered into levirate marriage with his brother’s wife while he was already married to another woman, and subsequently a third brother was born to them, and the second brother then died, whereby both of his wives happened before the third brother for levirate marriage, then the first woman, who was the wife of the first brother, is exempt due to the fact that she is the wife of a brother with whom the third brother did not coexist, and the second woman, who was the first wife of the second brother, is exempt due to her rival wife. If the second brother had performed only levirate betrothal with her and then died before fully marrying her, the second woman performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as the levirate betrothal is not considered a sufficiently valid marriage so as to render her the rival wife of a relation forbidden to the third brother. Rabbi Shimon says with regard to the first clause of the mishna: The third brother either enters into levirate marriage with whichever one he wishes, or he performs ḥalitza with whichever one he wishes. Since he was born after his second brother had already entered into levirate marriage with the first brother’s widow, she is considered the wife of a brother with whom he did coexist, not the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. Therefore, he may enter into levirate marriage with her.",
+ "The Sages stated a principle about a yevama: Whoever is forbidden by a prohibition of forbidden relations to her yavam neither performs ḥalitza nor enters into levirate marriage and is completely exempt. If she is forbidden by a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or by a prohibition stemming from sanctity, as will be explained later, then since in these cases the obligation of levirate marriage is not fundamentally nullified she performs ḥalitza in order to become free of the levirate bond, and due to her prohibition she does not enter into levirate marriage. The Sages stated another principle: If two sisters who had been married to two brothers who subsequently died happened before the third brother for levirate marriage, and one of those sisters is a close relation to this third brother and is therefore forbidden to him, she is exempt from levirate marriage. But the other, her sister who is her yevama, i.e., her sister-in-law, performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. In this case, they are not ruled to be two sisters who happened before him simultaneously for levirate marriage, since one of them is prohibited to him as a forbidden relation, and therefore she never actually happened before him at all.",
+ "The mishna explains: A prohibition resulting from a mitzva is referring to secondary forbidden relationships, which are prohibited by rabbinic law. The Sages prohibited marriage to certain women who were not forbidden by the Torah but were nevertheless deemed forbidden incestuous relations. A prohibition stemming from sanctity is referring to marriage of a widow to a High Priest, a divorcée or a woman who has performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] to a common priest, a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret] or a Gibeonite woman to an Israelite, and also an Israelite woman to a Gibeonite or to a son born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzer].",
+ "In the case of anyone who has a brother of any kind, that brother creates a levirate bond causing his yevama to be required to perform levirate marriage if the first brother dies childless. And he is his brother in all respects, except for one who has a brother born from a Canaanite maidservant or from a gentile woman, as these do not have the legal status of brothers. Similarly, in the case of anyone who has a child of any kind, that child exempts his father’s wife from levirate marriage, since his father did not die childless. And that child is liable to receive capital punishment if he strikes his father or curses him. And he is his child in all respects, except for whoever has a child born from a Canaanite maidservant or from a gentile woman, as these do not have the halakhic status of children.",
+ "In the case of one who betrothed one of two sisters and does not know which of them he betrothed, so that both are forbidden to him, he gives a bill of divorce to this one and a bill of divorce to that one due to the uncertainty. If the man who had betrothed one of these women died before he could give a bill of divorce, and he had one brother, that brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, but he may not take either in levirate marriage. This is because he does not know which woman is his yevama and which is forbidden to him as the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. If the man who betrothed one of these women had two brothers, one of them performs ḥalitza with one of the sisters, but he may not enter into levirate marriage with her due to the possibility that she is the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. And one takes the other in levirate marriage if he so desires. If the two brothers married the two sisters before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from their marriage and they are permitted to remain married. The couple who performed levirate marriage second was even permitted to do so, since there was no longer any doubt about the levirate bond.",
+ "Furthermore, in the case of two unrelated men who betrothed two sisters: If this one does not know which sister he betrothed and that one does not know which sister he betrothed, this one gives two bills of divorce, one to each of the women, and that one gives two bills of divorce. If the two men died before they divorced, and this one had a brother and that one had a brother, then this brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, and that brother performs ḥalitza with both of them. If this one had one brother and that one had two brothers, the single brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, and of the two brothers, one performs ḥalitza and one performs levirate marriage if he so desires. If they married the sisters before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from the marriage and they are not told to divorce them. If this one had two brothers and that one had two brothers, the brother of this one performs ḥalitza with one sister, and the brother of that one performs ḥalitza with one sister. The brother of this one who performed ḥalitza may take the woman who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] of that other’s brother in levirate marriage, and the brother of that second one who performed ḥalitza may take the ḥalutza of that other’s brother in levirate marriage. If the two brothers performed ḥalitza with both wives before consulting the court, the two brothers of the second man may not take sisters in levirate marriage lest one marry the sister of a woman who with whom he had a levirate bond. Rather, one performs ḥalitza and one performs levirate marriage if he so desires. If they married their wives before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from the marriage.",
+ "It is a mitzva for the eldest to consummate the levirate marriage, i.e., the eldest takes precedence over the other brothers, though they too are obligated. But if the younger brother consummated the levirate marriage first, he acquires the yevama as his wife. One suspected by others of engaging in sexual relations with a Canaanite maidservant and she was later set free, or one suspected of relations with a gentile woman and she subsequently converted, may not marry that woman, since this will strengthen the suspicions against him. But if he did marry her, they, the judges of the court, do not remove her from him, i.e., they do not require him to divorce her. With regard to one who is suspected of illicit relations with a married woman and they, the judges of the court, removed her from her husband, i.e., required them to divorce due to this, even if the man suspected of the illicit relations subsequently married her, he must divorce her.",
+ "An agent who brought a bill of divorce from a country overseas and said: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, as required in order to establish the bill of divorce as valid, may not marry the wife, i.e., the divorcée. Since the validity of the bill of divorce is based upon his testimony, marrying the divorcée creates the impression that he had an ulterior motive for his testimony. Similarly, a witness who testified that a certain man died, or testified: I killed him, or: We killed him, may not marry that man’s wife. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he testified: I killed him, his wife may not be married at all based on that evidence, as his testimony is unreliable, but if he said: We killed him, his wife may be married to anyone other than those witnesses.",
+ "A Sage who refused to release a woman from a vow that rendered the wife forbidden to her husband by that vow, resulting in her being divorced from her husband, may not marry her, so as to avoid suspicion that he rendered her forbidden to her husband in order to marry her himself. However, a judge before whom a woman performed refusal when she was a minor, declaring that she did not desire the husband chosen for her by her family, or before whom she performed ḥalitza, may marry her because he was only one member of the court, thereby alleviating suspicion. And for all of these who were involved in permitting the wife to remarry, i.e., the judge, the agent who brought a bill of divorce, and the one who testified for a woman that her husband died, if they had wives at the time of the ruling or the testimony and their wives died thereafter, then those women they had set free are permitted to be married to them. There is no concern that while their wives were still alive these individuals set their eyes upon another woman. And with regard to all of these women who were prohibited from marrying a certain man due to some suspicion, if they were subsequently married to others and then were divorced or widowed from the second husband, they are permitted to be married to them, i.e., to the judge, messenger, or witness who permitted her to remarry. And all of these women who were prohibited from marrying due to some suspicion are permitted to the sons or to the brothers of those who set them free."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of four brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters, and the ones married to the sisters died, then those sisters must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. Since both sisters require levirate marriage with each of the surviving brothers, a levirate bond exists between each sister and the brothers. Each of them is considered the sister of a woman with whom each brother has a levirate bond and is therefore forbidden to him by rabbinic law. And if they married the sisters before consulting the court, they should divorce them, for the Sages decreed that in this situation they may not remain married. Rabbi Eliezer says that there is a dispute in this matter: Beit Shammai say: He may maintain her as his wife, while Beit Hillel say: They must divorce them.",
+ "If one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition against forbidden relations because she was a relative of his wife or a relative on his mother’s side, then he is forbidden to marry her but permitted to marry her sister. Because she is his close relative, she is exempt from levirate marriage with him, and therefore she is not bound to him with a levirate bond. Consequently, her sister is not considered the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond, and he is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her. But the second brother, who is not a close relative of either sister, is forbidden to marry both of them. Indeed, for him each woman remains the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. If a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity will be transgressed when one of the women marries one of the brothers, then her sister must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is considered the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. In this case, the sister who is forbidden to the brother due to a mitzva or due to sanctity is bound to the brother for the purpose of ḥalitza.",
+ "If one of those women was forbidden to this one brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relations and the second woman was forbidden to that second brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relations, then she who is forbidden to this brother is permitted to that brother, and she who is forbidden to that brother is permitted to this one. And this is the case that was referred to when they said: When her sister is also her yevama, i.e., in a case where two sisters are also yevamot and therefore happened for levirate marriage before two brothers, she either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. This must be referring to a case where each sister is forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition concerning forbidden relatives. In this case, each sister has a levirate bond only with the one brother to whom she is permitted, and the prohibition against marrying the sister of a woman with whom one has a levirate bond does not apply. Therefore, each brother can either perform the act of ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage with the sister to whom he is not related.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to close relatives, e.g., two sisters; or a woman and her daughter; or a woman and her daughter’s daughter; or a woman and her son’s daughter, if the two brothers who were married to two close relatives died and their wives happened before a third brother for levirate marriage, then these two women must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as each of them is a relative of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. And Rabbi Shimon exempts them even from the obligation to perform ḥalitza. If one of them was forbidden to him, the third brother, due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, then he is prohibited from marrying her but is permitted to marry her sister. Because the woman who is forbidden to him is not considered to be a woman who requires him for levirate marriage, there is only one woman who happens before him for levirate marriage. However, if one of the women was forbidden due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity, then they must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. This is because these prohibitions do not completely cancel the levirate bond.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters, and one who was single, the following occurred: The husband of one of the sisters died childless, leaving behind his wife, and the single brother performed levirate betrothal [ma’amar] to this wife. The single brother performed an act of betrothal to the yevama but did not yet consummate the marriage by engaging in sexual intercourse. Afterward, the second brother died, and therefore the second brother’s wife, the sister of the betrothed, happened before the single brother for levirate marriage as well. In this case, Beit Shammai say: His wife remains with him. The woman he betrothed is considered like his wife, and he is not required to divorce her. And this other woman leaves the yavam and is exempt from levirate marriage as the sister of a wife. Beit Hillel say: Being as he had not yet entered into marriage with the first woman, he is required to perform levirate marriage with both women. Therefore, he divorces his wife, i.e., the woman to whom he performed levirate betrothal, with a bill of divorce, which nullifies levirate betrothal, and by ḥalitza, which nullifies the levirate bond. And, he sends away the wife of his second brother with ḥalitza as well. They comment: This is the case that was referred to when the Sages said: Woe unto him for his wife and woe unto him for the wife of his brother. Due to the combination of circumstances, he loses them both.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: The husband of one of the sisters died childless, and the brother who was married to the unrelated woman married, i.e., performed lev irate marriage with, the deceased brother’s wife and later died himself, childless. In this situation, both women happen for levirate marriage before the other, remaining, brother. The first woman is dismissed due to the prohibition proscribing the sister of one’s wife, as she is the sister of this brother’s wife, and the second woman is dismissed due to her status as the first woman’s rival wife. Following the first levirate marriage, this second woman became the rival wife of the sister, and is therefore exempt from levirate marriage as well. If, however, the brother married to the unrelated woman performed only levirate betrothal, but had not yet consummated the levirate marriage with the sister, and he died, the unrelated woman, whose halakhic status with regard to yibbum is similar to that of a sister’s rival wife, must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: One of the husbands of the sisters died, and he who was married to the unrelated woman married the deceased husband’s wife, and then the wife of the second brother, the other one of the sisters, died. Afterward, the brother who was married to the unrelated woman died, leaving two women for levirate marriage before the remaining brother: The unrelated woman and the woman who was previously prohibited as the sister of his deceased wife. In this case, the sister is forbidden to him forever. She is not forbidden due to her status as his wife’s sister, as his wife already died and one’s wife’s sister is permitted after the wife’s death. However, since she was already forbidden to him at one time, she is forbidden to him forever. When she first happened before the brothers for levirate marriage, before the third brother married her, she was forbidden to the second brother as his wife’s sister. Therefore, she is forbidden to him forever. In addition, she exempts her rival wife, the unrelated woman, from levirate marriage.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: Shimon, the husband of one of the sisters, divorced his wife, and then Levi, who was married to the unrelated woman, died, and Shimon, the man who divorced his wife, married, i.e., performed levirate marriage with, her, i.e., this unrelated woman. And then Shimon himself later died, so that the unrelated woman happened for levirate marriage before Reuven, the third brother, who is married to the second sister. In this scenario, Reuven is allowed to consummate the levirate marriage with the unrelated woman. This is the case that was referred to when they said: And with regard to all those fifteen forbidden relatives who died or were divorced, their rival wives are permitted to enter into levirate marriage. This is because at the time that they happened before the yavam for levirate marriage they were no longer the rival wives of a forbidden relative. ",
+ "And if any of these fifteen women who are prohibited as forbidden relatives had undergone a betrothal or divorce whose status is uncertain with the deceased brother, then those women who were their rival wives must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage since they are possibly the rival wives of forbidden relatives. The mishna elaborates: How could there be a situation of uncertainty with regard to betrothal? If in the public domain he threw her an item for the purpose of betrothal and there were eight cubits between them, and the item was possibly closer to him and did not enter into her domain, and possibly closer to her, i.e., within four cubits of her, whereby she could acquire the object, this is a case of uncertainty with regard to betrothal. Uncertainty with regard to divorce occurs when, for instance, he wrote a bill of divorce in his handwriting but there are no signatures of witnesses on the document, or there are the signatures of witnesses on the document but there is no date written in it, or the date is written in it but there is only the signature of a single witness. Since there is doubt as to whether these three kinds of bills of divorce are valid, a woman who was divorced through them is only possibly divorced, and so this case is called uncertainty with regard to divorce.",
+ "In the case of three brothers who were married to three unrelated women, and one of the brothers died, the following occurred: The second brother performed levirate betrothal with the wife of the deceased brother and before he was able to consummate the levirate marriage he died as well, leaving behind two women who happen before the third brother for levirate marriage. Then those two women must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. As it is stated: “If brothers dwell together and one of them dies and he has no child, the wife of the dead man shall not be married outside of the family to one not of his kin; her brother-in-law will have intercourse with her” (Deuteronomy 25:5). This teaches that a woman eligible for levirate marriage is one who has one levirate relationship and not one who has a double levirate relationship. In this case, the wife of the first deceased brother requires levirate marriage due to both the marriage with her first husband as well as the levirate betrothal with the second brother. Rabbi Shimon says: He may consummate the levirate marriage with whichever woman he wishes and then perform ḥalitza with the second. In the case where two brothers were married to two sisters, and one of the brothers died, the widow at this point would be exempt from levirate marriage as the sister of his wife. And afterward the wife of the second brother died. Although the yevama is no longer the sister of his wife, this woman is nevertheless forbidden to him forever, since she had already been forbidden to him at one time.",
+ "In the case of two men who betrothed two women, and at the time that they entered the wedding canopy, after the betrothal, the men switched this wife with that wife and that one with this one, then these two men are liable for engaging in forbidden sexual relations with a married woman, since each of them had intercourse with his fellow’s wife. The act of betrothal is sufficient to prohibit a woman to all other men as a married woman. Therefore, when the women were switched, both men transgressed this violation. And if they were brothers, then they are also liable for forbidden sexual relations with a brother’s wife. And if these women were sisters, then they are liable for taking a wife and her sister as well. And if they were menstruating women, they would be liable for intercourse with a menstruating woman as well. And following these forbidden sexual relations, we separate these women from their husbands for three months, lest they were impregnated by that forbidden act of intercourse. Doing so makes it possible to distinguish a child born of these relations, so that he could be rendered a mamzer. And if they were female minors and unable to bear children, then we immediately return them to their original husbands. And if they were daughters of priests, they are thereby disqualified from eating of teruma. By engaging in illicit sexual acts, they were rendered forbidden to priests and disqualified from eating teruma."
+ ],
+ [
+ "When a man who has a brother dies childless, his widow [yevama] and one of his brothers [yavam] may perform a ritual through which she is freed of her levirate bonds [ḥalitza]. It is then considered, with regard to forbidden relationships, as though they had been married and divorced. Therefore, he is forbidden to her relatives, and she to his. However, with regard to one who performs ḥalitza with his yevama and then she is found to have been pregnant at the time of the ḥalitza and she gave birth, in the event that the offspring is viable, the deceased husband has been survived by offspring and so there was never any levirate bond; consequently, the ḥalitza that was performed was entirely unnecessary and a meaningless act. As such, he remains permitted to her relatives and she remains permitted to his relatives. Furthermore, since the ḥalitza was meaningless, she is not afforded the status of a ḥalutza, i.e., a yevama who performed ḥalitza, a status akin to that of a divorcée. Therefore, the ḥalitza does not disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. If the offspring is not viable, then it emerges that the ḥalitza was indeed necessary. Therefore, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her relatives and she is forbidden to engage in relations with his relatives, as though they had been married and divorced, and the ḥalitza disqualifies her from marrying into the priesthood, as she is afforded the status of a ḥalutza.",
+ "With regard to one who consummates the levirate marriage with his yevama, i.e., he had intercourse with her under the assumption that there is a levirate bond and so there is a mitzva to do so, and then she is found to have been pregnant at the time of the intercourse and she gave birth, in the event that the offspring is viable the deceased brother has been survived by offspring and it is evident that there was never any levirate bond. In that case, the relations they had, rather than being a mitzva, were a violation of the prohibition against engaging in relations with one’s brother’s wife. Therefore, the yavam must send her out, i.e., they must separate, as she is forbidden to him as his brother’s wife, and to atone for the forbidden relations that they had, they are each obligated to bring a sin-offering, as is the halakha for all who inadvertently transgress a prohibition that, when performed intentionally, is punishable by karet. And if the offspring is not viable, and therefore there was in fact a levirate bond, he may maintain her as his wife since his intercourse with her was a valid consummation of levirate marriage. If they consummated the levirate marriage and seven months later she gave birth, there is uncertainty whether the child is nine months old, i.e., counting from conception, and is the offspring of the first husband, and as such there was no levirate bond, or whether the child is only seven months old and is the offspring of the latter husband, i.e., the yavam, and not of the deceased, in which case there was a levirate bond. In that case, due to the possibility that she is forbidden to him as his brother’s wife, he must send her out. However, the lineage of the child is unflawed, since regardless of whether it was born of the first or second husband, there was no transgression involved in its conception. Furthermore, to atone for the possibility that they had forbidden relations they are both obligated to bring a guilt-offering for uncertainty, as is the halakha for anyone who is uncertain whether they inadvertently transgressed a prohibition that would require one to bring a sin-offering.",
+ "With regard to a widow waiting for her yavam to either consummate a levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza with her, i.e., a yevama, to whom property was bequeathed: Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel both agree that she may sell or give away that property ab initio, and that if she did, the transfer is valid. Since she has only a levirate bond with the yavam, she retains total control of the property. This is in contrast to a betrothed woman, concerning whom Beit Hillel rule that she may not sell such property because her betrothed also has rights to it (Ketubot 78a). If she died, what should be done with the money assured to her in her marriage contract by her deceased husband and with her property that enters and leaves the marriage with her, in which a husband only ever has a usufructuary interest? Beit Shammai say: The husband’s heirs, i.e., the yavam, who stands to inherit from the husband when he consummates the levirate marriage, should divide up the property together with her father’s heirs, i.e., the woman’s family. And Beit Hillel say: The property retains its previous ownership status. Therefore, money assured to her in her marriage contract remains in the possession of the husband’s heirs. Since it was to be paid from the husband’s own property, the money is retained by his estate and passes to his heirs. And her property that enters and leaves the marriage with her remains in the possession of the father’s heirs. Since those properties belonged to her, upon her death they are inherited by her father or his heirs.",
+ "If the yavam consummated the levirate marriage with her, then her legal status is that of his wife in every sense, and therefore the yavam has the same rights to her property as in a regular marriage. And the only exception to this is that her marriage contract will still be payable from the property of her first husband and not from the property of the yavam.",
+ "The mitzva of levirate marriage is for the eldest of the brothers to consummate the levirate marriage. If the eldest does not want to do so, the court goes to each of the other brothers and requires them to do so. If they do not want to do so, the court returns to the eldest brother and says to him: The mitzva is incumbent upon you; either perform ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage.",
+ "If a brother made his decision dependent upon the possibility that one of his other brothers will eventually consummate the levirate marriage, saying that he will do so only if they do not, then whether he makes it dependent upon a brother who is currently a minor, meaning that the yevama should wait until he matures, or upon his eldest brother, who is not currently present, meaning the yevama should wait until he comes from overseas, or upon a brother who is a deaf-mute or an imbecile, as perhaps they will recover from their disability, the court does not listen to him; rather, the judges of the court say to him: The mitzva is incumbent upon you; either perform ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage.",
+ "One who performs ḥalitza with his yevama is like any one of the other brothers with respect to the inheritance of the deceased brother’s estate, i.e., each of the brothers takes an equal share of the inheritance. And if there is a father of the deceased, who is still alive, the property of the deceased belongs to the father. One who consummates levirate marriage with his yevama thereby acquires his deceased brother’s property solely for himself. Rabbi Yehuda says: In either case, whether he consummated the levirate marriage or performed ḥalitza, if there is a father who is still alive, the property belongs to the father. In the case of one who performs ḥalitza with his yevama, by rabbinic decree it is as though she had been married to him and then he divorced her. Consequently, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her relatives and she is forbidden to engage in relations with his relatives. Accordingly, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her mother, and with her mother’s mother, and with her father’s mother, and with her daughter, and with her daughter’s daughter, and with her son’s daughter, and with her sister while his yevama is still alive. However, the other brothers who did not perform ḥalitza are permitted to her relatives. And she is forbidden to engage in relations with his father, and with his father’s father, and with his son, and with his son’s son, and with his brother, and with his brother’s son. The mishna states an additional principle: A man is permitted to engage in relations with a relative of a rival wife of his ḥalutza, i.e., his yevama with whom he performed ḥalitza. Since he did not perform ḥalitza with her, she is not regarded as though she had actually been married to him. However, he is forbidden to engage in relations with a rival wife of a relative of his ḥalutza, i.e., in addition to being forbidden to the relatives of his ḥalutza, he is also forbidden to their rival wives.",
+ "In the case of a yavam who performed ḥalitza with his yevama and then his brother married her sister and died, the sister performs ḥalitza with the yavam, but she may not enter into levirate marriage with him, since as a sister of his ḥalutza she is forbidden to him. And similarly, in the case of one who divorced his wife and his brother married her sister and died, then that woman is exempt both from ḥalitza and from consummating levirate marriage, since as the sister of his former wife she is forbidden to him.",
+ "In the case of a widow waiting for her yavam to consummate levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza with her, and the brother of the yavam betrothed her sister, they said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira: They say to the brother: Wait and do not marry the woman you betrothed until your brother performs an act, either of ḥalitza or of consummating the levirate marriage, as until he does there remains a levirate bond between the yevama and each of the brothers, and it is prohibited to marry the sister of a woman to whom one is bound by a levirate bond. If a brother of the one who betrothed the sister of the yevama performed ḥalitza with the yevama or consummated a levirate marriage with her, since by doing so the levirate bond between the yevama and the one who betrothed her sister is dissolved, he may then enter into marriage with his wife, who until that point was only betrothed to him, as she is no longer the sister of a woman to whom he is bound by a levirate bond. Similarly, if the yevama died, since his levirate bond to her is dissolved upon her death, he may proceed to enter into marriage with his betrothed wife. However, if the yavam died without performing an act that would have dissolved the levirate bond, he must divorce his wife with a bill of divorce, as she is forbidden to him as the sister of a woman to whom he is bound by a levirate bond, and his brother’s wife he must send out with ḥalitza, as she is forbidden to him as the sister of his divorcée.",
+ "A yevama may neither perform ḥalitza nor enter into levirate marriage until she has waited three months from the time of her husband’s death. And similarly, all other women may not be betrothed and may not marry until they have waited three months since their previous marriage ended. This waiting period is necessary so that, should a woman give birth shortly after remarrying, it will be obvious who the father of the child is. This applies both to virgins and non-virgins, both to divorcées and widows, and both to women who were married to their previous husbands and women who were only betrothed. All of these women must wait three months before remarrying even though for some of them the reason for doing so does not apply. Rabbi Yehuda says: The women who were married to their previous husbands may be betrothed, and the women who were only betrothed to their previous husbands may marry without waiting three months. This is true except for the betrothed women that are in the area of Judea, due to the fact that the groom is familiar with her. The custom in Judea was for the couple to be secluded together before the marriage so that they would become familiar with each other. This led to the possibility that they might cohabit even during their betrothal period. Rabbi Yehuda holds that one does not need to wait three months whenever the reason for doing so does not apply. Rabbi Yosei says: All of the women may be betrothed within three months even if they were previously married, except for a widow, due to the mourning period she must observe for her deceased husband.",
+ "In a case of four brothers married to four women and some of the brothers died childless, their wives thereby become yevamot. If the eldest of the brothers who survived wished to consummate the levirate marriage with all of his yevamot, he has permission to do so. In the case of one who was married to two women and died childless, the intercourse or ḥalitza of either one of the wives with the yavam releases her rival wife from the levirate bond, and the rival wife need not enter into levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza. If one of these women was fit to marry into the priesthood and one was unfit, then if he performs ḥalitza, he should perform ḥalitza with the unfit woman rather than with the one who is fit for the priesthood, since doing so with the woman who is fit would needlessly disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. But if he consummates the levirate marriage, he may consummate the levirate marriage with the one who is fit.",
+ "With regard to one who remarries his divorcée after she had been married to another man from whom she was then widowed or divorced, or one who marries the woman with whom he performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza], or one who marries a relative of his ḥalutza, since all such marriages are forbidden he must divorce her, and the offspring born from such unions is a mamzer; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. He holds that even the offspring from relations forbidden by a prohibition punishable by lashes is a mamzer. The Rabbis say: The offspring in those cases is not a mamzer, but they concede with regard to one who marries a relative of his divorcée, a union forbidden by a prohibition entailing karet, that the offspring is a mamzer. They hold that only the offspring from relations forbidden by a prohibition entailing karet is a mamzer.",
+ "Which offspring of forbidden relations have the status of a mamzer? It is the offspring of a union with any next of kin that is subject to a Torah prohibition that he should not engage in sexual relations with them; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Shimon HaTimni says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive karet at the hand of Heaven. And the halakha is in accordance with his statement. Rabbi Yehoshua says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I found a scroll recording people’s lineages in Jerusalem, and it was written in it that so-and-so is a mamzer from an adulterous union with a married woman, a sin punishable by court-imposed capital punishment. The only reason for the scroll to state the reason that this individual is a mamzer is in order to support the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua. The mishna delineates the circumstances in which it is prohibited to engage in relations with the sister of one’s wife and the sister of one’s yevama: If a man’s wife died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced his wife and then she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. If his yevama died, he is permitted to her sister. If he performed ḥalitza with her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If after ḥalitza she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. The principle underlying all these cases is that the prohibition against engaging in relations with her sister only applies while the wife or yevama remain alive, irrespective of their current relationship to the man."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabban Gamliel says: A bill of divorce [get] is not effective when given after a bill of divorce was previously given to a yevama. Once a yevama receives a bill of divorce from a yavam, no bill of divorce given by that yavam to her rival wife or a bill of divorce given to her by a different yavam is of any effect. And levirate betrothal is not effective after a previous levirate betrothal was performed, and intercourse with a second yevama is not effective after intercourse with the first one, and ḥalitza is not effective after ḥalitza was previously performed. But the Rabbis say: A bill of divorce is effective when given after a bill of divorce, and levirate betrothal is effective after levirate betrothal, but nothing is effective after intercourse or after ḥalitza. If a yavam has relations with the yevama or performs ḥalitza with her, no other action performed afterward is effective, whether performed by that yavam toward a different yevama or by any yavam with the original yevama.",
+ "The mishna elaborates: How do these laws work in practice? If a yavam performed levirate betrothal with his yevama, and he later gave her a bill of divorce, she nevertheless requires ḥalitza from him. The bill of divorce does not fully exempt her from levirate marriage, as the levirate bond remains intact. If he performed levirate betrothal and then ḥalitza, she requires a bill of divorce from him in order to cancel the levirate betrothal. If the yavam performed levirate betrothal and then engaged in intercourse with the yevama, this is the way to perform levirate marriage in accordance with its mitzva, as the Sages instituted this as the proper procedure for a yavam to perform levirate marriage.",
+ "If the yavam gave the yevama a bill of divorce and afterward performed levirate betrothal with her, she requires another bill of divorce to cancel the levirate betrothal, as well as ḥalitza to nullify the levirate bond. If he gave her a bill of divorce and then engaged in intercourse with her, she requires a bill of divorce to cancel the betrothal that took place via intercourse, and ḥalitza to nullify the levirate bond; the intercourse did not affect the levirate bond because once he gave her a bill of divorce she was forbidden to him. If he gave her a bill of divorce and performed ḥalitza, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, as the levirate bond was completely nullified. Similarly, if he performed ḥalitza with her and then either performed levirate betrothal, or gave a bill of divorce, or engaged in intercourse with her; alternatively, if he engaged in intercourse with her and then either performed levirate betrothal, or gave a bill of divorce, or performed ḥalitza after they engaged in relations, nothing is effective after ḥalitza or intercourse. Any action performed afterward is unrelated to the levirate bond. The above principles apply both in cases of one yevama to one yavam, as well as in cases of two yevamot to one yavam. ",
+ "How so? If he performed levirate betrothal with this yevama and levirate betrothal with that one, i.e., her rival wife, they require two bills of divorce, each for her own levirate betrothal, and ḥalitza with one of them, to release them both from the levirate bond. If he performed levirate betrothal with this one and gave a bill of divorce to that one, the first woman requires a bill of divorce to cancel the levirate betrothal, and one of them must receive ḥalitza. If he performed levirate betrothal with this one and engaged in intercourse with that one, they require two bills of divorce and he must perform ḥalitza with one of them. If the yavam performed levirate betrothal with this one and performed ḥalitza with that one, the first woman requires a bill of divorce. If the yavam gave a bill of divorce to this yevama and a bill of divorce to that one, they require ḥalitza from him. If he gave a bill of divorce to this one and engaged in intercourse with that one, the latter requires a bill of divorce and ḥalitza. If he gave a bill of divorce to this one and performed levirate betrothal with that one, the latter requires a bill of divorce and he must perform ḥalitza with one of them. If the yavam gave a bill of divorce to this woman and performed ḥalitza with that one, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, and he cannot betroth the rival wife.",
+ "If he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then performed ḥalitza with a second yevama, or he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or engage in intercourse with a second; alternatively, he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and engaged in intercourse with the second yevama, or he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or perform ḥalitza with the second, nothing is effective after ḥalitza or intercourse. These halakhot apply both in cases of one yavam to two yevamot, as well as two yevamin to one yevama.",
+ "If he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or engage in intercourse with a second yevama; alternatively, he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and then proceeded to perform levirate betrothal, or give a bill of divorce, or perform ḥalitza with a second yevama, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, whether the ḥalitza took place at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. All of these halakhot accord with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva, who maintains betrothal does not take effect on a woman who is forbidden due to the prohibition against betrothing a yevama after ḥalitza. But with regard to intercourse, when it is at the beginning, i.e., the first act the yavam performed with his yevama, nothing is effective after it and any subsequent action is void. However, if it was performed in the middle, and similarly if it was performed at the end, i.e., after some other action that impairs the validity of his intercourse, something is effective after it. Rabbi Neḥemya says: Both with regard to intercourse and ḥalitza, whether performed at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end, nothing is effective after it. If the yavam performed a valid action according to Torah law, any subsequent action is of no consequence according to halakha."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who had intercourse with his yevama, whether unwittingly, i.e., he thought he was having intercourse with someone else, or intentionally, i.e., he knew she was his yevama and nevertheless had intercourse with her without intent to perform levirate marriage; whether due to coercion or willingly; even if he was unwitting and her participation was intentional, his participation was intentional and she was unwitting, he was coerced and she was not coerced, or she was coerced and he was not coerced; both one who merely engages in the initial stage of intercourse and one who completes the act of intercourse has thereby acquired his yevama. And similarly, the Torah did not distinguish between an act of intercourse in an atypical manner, i.e., anal intercourse, and intercourse in a typical manner.",
+ "And so too, with regard to a man who had intercourse with any one of those with whom relations are forbidden [arayot] by the Torah or with those who are unfit for him even though they are not in the category of arayot, for example, a widow with a High Priest; a divorcée and a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] with a common priest; a mamzeret, i.e., a woman born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship, or a Gibeonite woman with an Israelite; the daughter of an Israelite with a mamzer or a Gibeonite; he has disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood through this act no matter how it was performed, and the Torah did not distinguish between the act of intercourse in an atypical manner, i.e., anal intercourse, and intercourse in a typical manner.",
+ "A widow to a High Priest, a divorcée, or a ḥalutza to a common priest, even if they had only engaged in betrothal and had not yet had intercourse, may not partake of teruma. Since they are forbidden to the men who betrothed them, the betrothal itself disqualifies them from the privileges of priesthood even if they are the daughters of priests. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon declare them fit to partake of teruma. Since the prohibition is violated through the act of intercourse and not betrothal, the women are disqualified only once they have intercourse. In a case where these women were widowed or divorced, if it was from marriage, they are disqualified from the priesthood and may not partake of teruma. This is because a woman prohibited from marrying a priest who has intercourse with a priest becomes a ḥalala, and is thereby disqualified from partaking of teruma. However, if they were widowed or divorced from their state of betrothal, they are once again fit to partake of teruma according to all opinions.",
+ "A High Priest may not marry a widow, whether she is a widow from betrothal or a widow from marriage. And he may not marry a grown woman. He may marry only a minor or a young woman. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon declare a grown woman fit to marry a High Priest. And he may not marry a woman whose hymen was torn accidentally. If a priest betrothed a widow and was subsequently appointed to be High Priest, he may marry her. And there was an incident with Yehoshua ben Gamla, who betrothed Marta bat Baitos, a widow, and the king subsequently appointed him to be High Priest, and he nevertheless married her. Conversely, in the case of a widow waiting for her yavam who happened before a common priest, i.e., the priest was her yavam, and he was subsequently appointed to be High Priest, then even if he had already performed levirate betrothal with her, he may not marry her, because she is a widow. A High Priest whose brother died without children performs ḥalitza and he does not perform levirate marriage, as he may not marry a widow.",
+ "A common priest may not marry a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], who is incapable of bearing children, unless he already has a wife and children. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even if he has a wife and children, he may not marry a sexually underdeveloped woman, as she is the zona about whom it is stated in the Torah that a priest may not marry her. Intercourse with her is considered a licentious act because she is incapable of bearing children. And the Rabbis say: The only women in the category of zona, who are therefore forbidden to a priest, are a female convert, a freed maidservant, and any woman who engaged in licentious sexual intercourse with a man she is prohibited from marrying.",
+ "A man may not neglect the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply unless he already has children. Beit Shammai say: One fulfills this mitzva with two males, and Beit Hillel say: A male and a female, as it is stated: “Male and female He created them” (Genesis 5:2). If a man married a woman and stayed with her for ten years and she did not give birth, he is no longer permitted to neglect the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply. Consequently, he must either divorce her and marry someone else, or take another wife while still married to her. If he divorced her she is permitted to marry another man, as it is not necessarily on her account that she and her first husband did not have children, and the second husband is permitted to stay with her for ten years. And if she had a miscarriage, he counts the ten years from the time of the miscarriage. A man is commanded with regard to the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply, but not a woman. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says that a woman is also commanded, as the verse states with regard to both of them: “And God blessed them, and God said to them: Be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 1:28)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A widow married to a High Priest, and a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] married to a common priest are all unions prohibited by Torah law. If one of these women brought with her into the marriage slaves of usufruct [melog] property or slaves of guaranteed investment, then the slaves of usufruct property do not partake of teruma but the slaves of guaranteed investment do partake of teruma. And these are slaves of usufruct property: They are those with regard to whom the couple stipulated that if the slaves die, their death is her loss, and if they increase in value, their increase is her gain. Although the husband is obligated in their sustenance, they do not partake of teruma, as they belong to her, not to him. He owns only the right of their use while he is married to her. And these are slaves of guaranteed investment: They are those with regard to whom the couple stipulated that if they die, their death is his loss, and if they increase in value, their increase is his gain. Since he bears financial responsibility for compensating her in the event of their loss, they partake of teruma, as they are considered his property.",
+ "In the case of an Israelite woman who married a priest in a halakhic marriage and who brought slaves with her into the marriage, whether they are slaves of usufruct property or slaves of guaranteed investment, they partake of teruma. And in the case of the daughter of a priest who married an Israelite and who brought slaves with her into the marriage, whether they are slaves of usufruct property or slaves of guaranteed investment, they do not partake of teruma, although, as she is the daughter of a priest, it is permitted for her and her slaves to partake of teruma beforehand.",
+ "With regard to an Israelite woman who married a priest and he died and left her pregnant, her slaves of guaranteed investment may not partake of teruma during her pregnancy, due to the share of the fetus, as an inheritor of his father, in the ownership of the slaves. In the opposite case, where the Israelite husband of a priest’s daughter died and left her pregnant, the fetus disqualifies her from partaking of teruma. However, in the current case, the fetus does not enable its mother or the slaves to partake of teruma, despite the fact that it is the child of a priest. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei. The Rabbis said to him: Since you testified before us about the case of an Israelite woman who was married to a priest, in the case of the daughter of a priest who was married to a priest and he died and left her pregnant, her slaves should not partake of teruma either, due to the fetus’s share. The same halakha should apply whether the woman is an Israelite or the daughter of a priest.",
+ "With regard to the fetus of a divorcée or a widow whose husband left her pregnant; and a man whose married brother died childless [yavam]; and betrothal; and a married deaf-mute; and a nine-year-and-one-day-old boy who engaged in intercourse with a woman; if any of these men are Israelites and the woman is the daughter of a priest, they disqualify her from partaking of teruma. But if she is an Israelite and they are priests, they do not enable her to partake of teruma. Likewise, in the case of a boy with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he is nine years and one day old and uncertainty whether he is not, who engaged in intercourse with a woman; and in the case of a boy who betrothed a woman, with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he has grown two pubic hairs and is considered an adult and uncertainty whether he has not grown, they too can disqualify the woman from partaking of teruma and cannot enable her to partake, as in the previous cases. If the house fell upon a man and upon his brother’s daughter, to whom he was married, and it is unknown which of them died first, her rival wife performs ḥalitza and does not enter into levirate marriage. Entering into levirate marriage is not possible, as, if the wife died after her husband, the surviving wife would be rendered the rival wife of a forbidden relative, since the yavam is the father of the wife who died. This status prevents the creation of a levirate bond between him and the surviving wife as well. On the other hand, ḥalitza is necessary in case the wife died before her husband, thereby allowing the creation of a levirate bond between her rival wife and her father, the yavam.",
+ "In the case of one who rapes a woman without marrying her; or one who seduces a woman without marrying her; or an imbecile who engages in intercourse with a woman, even if he did marry her, if they are non-priests they do not disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma, and if they are priests they do not enable an Israelite woman to partake of teruma. And if they are not fit to enter the assembly of Israel through marriage, they disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma. How so? If it was an Israelite who engaged in extramarital intercourse with the daughter of a priest, she may partake of teruma, as this act of intercourse does not disqualify her. If he impregnated her, she may not partake of teruma, as she is carrying an Israelite fetus. If the fetus was cut in her womb, i.e., she miscarried, she may partake of teruma. If the man was a priest who engaged in intercourse with an Israelite woman, she may not partake of teruma. If he impregnated her, she still may not partake of teruma, as a fetus does not enable its mother to partake. If she gave birth she may partake due to her child, a priest. It is therefore found in this case that the power of the son is greater than that of the father, as the father of this child does not enable the woman to partake of teruma, but the son does. A slave disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma due to his engaging in intercourse with her, and he does not disqualify a woman because he is her offspring. How so? In what case would a slave theoretically disqualify a woman because he is her offspring? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite; and she a bore him a son; and the son went and pressed himself onto a maidservant, an epithet for intercourse used in this context due to the shame involved in having intercourse with a maidservant; and she bore him a son, then this son is a slave. If the latter’s father’s mother was an Israelite who was married to a priest, and her husband died, she may not partake of teruma due to her grandson, as he is not a priest but a slave. On the other hand, if she was the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, and he died, leaving only this grandson, she may partake of teruma, as the grandson is not considered his father’s offspring. A mamzer disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma, and he also enables a woman to partake of teruma. How so? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a slave or a gentile and bore him a son, this son is a mamzer. If his mother’s mother was an Israelite woman married to a priest, even if her husband died, she may partake of teruma, as she has surviving offspring from a priest. Conversely, if she is the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, she may not partake of teruma, even after her Israelite husband’s death, as she has offspring from him.",
+ "Even with regard to a High Priest, sometimes he disqualifies his grandmother from partaking of teruma. How so? If the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a priest and bore him a son, this son is fit to be a High Priest, who stands and serves on the altar. This son enables his mother to partake of teruma, as he is a priest. And yet, he disqualifies his mother’s mother from partaking of teruma, as he is her offspring from her Israelite husband. This grandmother can say in disapproval: Let there not be many like my daughter’s son, the High Priest, as he disqualifies me from partaking of teruma."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An uncircumcised priest, e.g., one for whom circumcision was considered too dangerous, and all those who are ritually impure with any type of impurity, may not partake of teruma, the portion of produce that must be set aside for the priests. However, their wives and their slaves may partake of teruma. With regard to both a man with crushed testicles or with other wounds to his genitals [petzua dakka] and one whose penis has been severed [kerut shofkha], it is prohibited for them to marry a woman who was born Jewish. If they are priests they and their slaves may partake of teruma, as this condition does not disqualify them or their property. However, their wives may not partake of teruma, because if a priest has relations with his wife after suffering his injury, he renders her a ḥalala, a woman who is disqualified from marrying a priest, as he has engaged in forbidden sexual relations with her. If such a priest did not know his wife, i.e., did not engage in sexual relations with her, after his testicles were crushed or his penis was severed, she may partake of teruma, as she had married the priest in a permitted manner.",
+ "And who is deemed a man with crushed testicles? It is anyone whose testicles have been wounded, even one of them. And one whose penis has been severed is anyone whose sexual member has been cut off. As for the measure that renders him unfit, if there remains a portion of the corona, even as much as a hairsbreadth, he is still fit. However, if nothing at all is left of the corona, he is considered as one with a severed penis, for whom it is prohibited by Torah law to marry a Jewish woman. A man with crushed testicles or with other wounds to his genitals and one whose penis has been severed are permitted to marry a female convert or an emancipated maidservant, and they are prohibited only from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish, as it is stated: “A man wounded with crushed testicles or a severed penis shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 23:2).",
+ "Ammonite and Moabite converts are prohibited from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish, and their prohibition is eternal, for all generations. However, their female counterparts, even the convert herself, are permitted immediately. Egyptian and Edomite converts are prohibited from entering into the congregation only for three generations, both males and females. Rabbi Shimon renders permitted Egyptian and Edomite females immediately. Rabbi Shimon said: The matter may be derived by way of an a fortiori inference: If in a place where the Torah rendered prohibited the males with an eternal prohibition, i.e., Ammonites and Moabites, it rendered permitted the females immediately, then in a place where it rendered prohibited the males for only three generations, i.e., Egyptians and Edomites, is it not right that we should render permitted the females immediately? Rabbi Shimon’s colleagues said to him: If you are reporting a halakha that you received from your teachers, we will accept it from you. But if you merely wish to prove your case with an a fortiori inference based on your own reasoning, there is a refutation of your argument. Rabbi Shimon said to them: That is not so. I disagree with your claim that the a fortiori inference can be refuted, but in any case I am stating a halakha handed down to me by my teachers. Mamzerim and the Gibeonites who converted to Judaism in the days of Joshua are prohibited from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish. Their prohibition is eternal, for all generations, and it applies to both males and females.",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua said: I heard two rulings from my teachers. One ruling is that a eunuch performs ḥalitza with his yevama, and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife, and the other ruling is that a eunuch does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama, and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife. And I cannot explain these two rulings, as I do not remember the circumstances to which each ruling applies. Rabbi Akiva said: I will explain. A eunuch caused by man, i.e., one who became emasculated after birth, performs ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife, because he had an hour of fitness, a time when he was fertile. On the other hand, a eunuch by natural causes, i.e., who was entirely lacking in sexual capacity from birth, does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife, because he did not have an hour of fitness, as he never had the potential to father children. Rabbi Eliezer says: No; rather, the opposite is the case: A eunuch by natural causes performs ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife because he can be cured, whereas a eunuch caused by man does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife because he cannot be cured. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Beteira testified about a man named ben Megusat, who lived in Jerusalem and was a eunuch caused by man, that his brothers nevertheless entered into levirate marriage with his wife, in order to fulfill and confirm the statement of Rabbi Akiva.",
+ "A sexually underdeveloped man does not perform ḥalitza or enter into levirate marriage with his yevama. And similarly, a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], who is incapable of bearing children, does not perform ḥalitza or enter into levirate marriage with her yavam. If a sexually underdeveloped man performed ḥalitza with his yevama, he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood, as his ḥalitza is invalid. However, if he had intercourse with her, he has disqualified her. This is because it is considered licentious sexual intercourse, since such intercourse does not fulfill the mitzva of levirate marriage and is therefore categorized as forbidden relations with one’s sister-in-law. And similarly, with regard to a sexually underdeveloped woman, if one of the brothers performed ḥalitza with her he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. However, if he had intercourse with her, he has disqualified her because the intercourse is considered licentious sexual intercourse.",
+ "If a priest who is a eunuch by natural causes married an Israelite woman, he enables her to eat teruma. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say: If a priest who is a hermaphrodite, possessing both male and female genitals, married an Israelite woman, he enables her to eat teruma. Rabbi Yehuda says: If a tumtum, whose external sexual organs are indeterminate, was torn open so that his genitals were exposed, and he was found to be a male, he must not perform ḥalitza, because he is treated like a eunuch. A hermaphrodite may marry a woman but he may not be married by a man, as he is considered a man. Rabbi Eliezer says: If one had intercourse with a hermaphrodite, he is liable to receive the punishment of stoning on his account as if he had had relations with a male."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are women who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin, while others are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands. Certain women are permitted both to these and to those, and others are forbidden to both these and to those. The mishna elaborates: And these are cases of women who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin: In the case of a common priest who married a widow, and he has a brother who is the High Priest, the widow, who was permitted to her husband, is forbidden to her yavam, as it is prohibited for the High Priest to marry a widow. The same is true in the case of a priest disqualified due to flawed lineage [ḥalal], e.g., the son of a priest and a divorcée, who married a woman fit to marry a priest, and he has a brother who is a priest fit for service. That woman was permitted to marry the ḥalal but is forbidden to his brother. Having engaged in intercourse with the ḥalal, she is rendered a ḥalala, a woman disqualified from marrying a priest. Another example is the case of an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married an Israelite woman of similar lineage, and he has a brother who is a son born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzer]; or a mamzer who married a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret], and he has a brother who is an Israelite of unflawed lineage. A mamzer is permitted to marry a mamzeret, but neither is per-mitted to a Jew of unflawed lineage. In each of these cases, these women are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin.",
+ "And these are cases of women who are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands: For example, there is the case of a High Priest who betrothed a widow, and he has a brother who is a common priest, whom she is permitted to marry. This is true only if the High Priest merely betrothed her. However, if he consummated the marriage, he rendered her a ḥalala forbidden to all priests, including her yavam. The additional cases are a priest fit for service who married a ḥalala and he has a brother who is a ḥalal; an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married a mamzeret, and he has a brother who is a mamzer; and a mamzer who married an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage, and he has a brother who is, similarly, an Israelite of unflawed lineage. All of these women are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands. And these are cases where women are forbidden both to these and to those: A High Priest who married a widow, and he has a brother who is a High Priest or a common priest; a priest fit for service who married a ḥalala, and he has a brother who is a priest fit for service; an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married a mamzeret, and he has a brother who is similarly an ordinary Israelite, or a mamzer who married an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage, and he has a brother who is a mamzer. All of these women are forbidden both to these and to those. And all other women are permitted to their husbands and to their yevamin.",
+ "With regard to secondary relatives, who are forbidden by rabbinic law, if the woman is a secondary relative to the husband but not a secondary relative to the yavam, she is forbidden to the husband and permitted to the yavam. Conversely, if she is a secondary relative to the yavam but not a secondary relative to the husband, she is forbidden to the yavam and permitted to the husband. If she is a secondary relative both to this man and to that man, she is forbidden to this one and to that one. Furthermore, if a man marries a woman forbidden to him as a secondary relative, she does not have the right to receive payment for her marriage contract if divorced or widowed, nor is she entitled to payment from her husband for the produce of her property that he used, nor is she entitled to provisions for her sustenance from his estate, nor does she get back her worn clothes or other objects she brought with her to her marriage. And the lineage of the offspring is unflawed, and the court forces him to divorce her. In contrast, a widow married to a High Priest, a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] married to a common priest, a mamzeret or a Gibeonite woman married to an Israelite of unflawed lineage, and an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage married to a Gibeonite or to a mamzer all have the right to receive payment for their marriage contract, although it was prohibited for them to marry.",
+ "If there is an Israelite woman betrothed to a priest or pregnant from a priest, and he died; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a priest; and similarly, the daughter of a priest who is betrothed, pregnant from, or is a widow waiting for her yavam, who is an Israelite, she may not partake of teruma. If there is an Israelite woman betrothed to a Levite or pregnant from a Levite; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a Levite; and similarly the daughter of a Levite who is betrothed, pregnant from, or a widow waiting for her yavam, who is an Israelite, she may not partake of tithes. If there is a daughter of a Levite betrothed to a priest or pregnant from a priest; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a priest; and similarly a daughter of a priest who is betrothed to or pregnant from a Levite, or is a widow waiting for her yavam, who is a Levite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithes. This follows the halakha that betrothal, pregnancy, and waiting for a yavam disqualify the daughter of a priest from eating teruma, but they do not enable an Israelite woman to partake of teruma.",
+ "An Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she has a child from him, she may continue to partake of teruma. If she subsequently married a Levite, she may no longer partake of teruma but she may partake of the first tithe on his account. If he, too, died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of tithe on account of the child. If she then married an Israelite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her Israelite husband died and she had a child from him, she still may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her child from the Israelite also died, while her son from the Levite remained alive, she may partake of tithe on account of the Levite’s child. If her child from the Levite died, leaving her with a son from the priest, she may once again partake of teruma. If her child from the priest died as well, she may no longer partake of either teruma or tithe.",
+ "The daughter of a priest married to an Israelite may not partake of teruma. If the Israelite died and she has a son from him, she may not partake of teruma as long as that son is alive. If she subsequently married a Levite she may partake of tithe. If he died, and she had a son from him, she may still partake of tithe. If she subsequently married a priest, she may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she had a son from him, she may partake of teruma. If her son from the priest also died, she may not partake of teruma, but she may partake of tithe, as she has a son from a Levite. If her son from the Levite died, she may no longer partake of tithe. If her son from the Israelite died, she returns to her father’s house and may once again partake of teruma. And with regard to this woman, it is stated: “And she is returned unto her father’s house, as in her youth; she may eat of her father’s bread” (Leviticus 22:13)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a woman whose husband went overseas, and witnesses came and they said to her: Your husband is dead, and she married another man on the basis of this testimony, and afterward her husband came back from out of the country, she must leave both this man and that one, as they are both forbidden to her. And she requires a bill of divorce from this one and that one. And furthermore, she has a claim to neither payment of her marriage contract, nor the profits of her property used by either of them, nor sustenance, nor the worn clothes she brought to the marriage. She has rights to these claims neither against this man nor against that one, i.e., she cannot collect these payments from either her first or second husband. And if she took any of these items from this man or from that one, she must return them to him. And the offspring is a mamzer from this one and from that one. Her child from the second husband is a definite mamzer, as she was never divorced from her first husband, and the Sages decreed that if she returned to her first husband, a child born later from him is also a mamzer. And neither this man nor that man may become impure for her upon her death, if they are priests. And neither this one nor that one is entitled to the rights that stem from the marriage bond: Neither to her found articles, nor to her earnings, nor to the nullification of her vows. If she was a regular Israelite woman, she is disqualified from marrying into the priesthood, as her intercourse with the second husband is considered an act of illicit sexual relations, and the daughter of a Levite is disqualified from partaking of the first tithe, and the daughter of a priest is disqualified from partaking of teruma. And neither the heirs of this man nor the heirs of that one inherit her marriage contract, as she is not considered married to either of them. This clause will be explained in the Gemara. And if they both died childless, the brothers of this one and the brothers of this one must perform ḥalitza and they do not enter into levirate marriage. Rabbi Yosei disagrees with the first tanna and says that she does receive payment of her marriage contract, and the obligation of her marriage contract is upon the property of her first husband. Rabbi Elazar says: The first husband is entitled to her found articles, to her earnings, and to the nullification of her vows. Since her second marriage was an error, the first husband does not forfeit his rights. Rabbi Shimon says an even more far-reaching ruling: Her sexual relations or her ḥalitza with the brothers of the first husband exempts her rival wife, as it is considered a proper levirate marriage or ḥalitza, and certainly she does not require ḥalitza from the brother of the second husband. And if she returns to her first husband, the child from him is not a mamzer. All these halakhot refer to a situation when she married with the permission of the court, after hearing that her husband had died. But if she married without the consent of the court, basing herself entirely on the testimony she heard, and her husband returned, it is permitted for her to return to her first husband. The mishna adds another difference between these two scenarios: If she married by permission of the court, she must leave both of them and she is exempt from bringing the offering, i.e., the sin-offering for her unwitting adultery, as she had the authorization of the court and is therefore considered to have acted under duress.",
+ "If, however, she did not marry by permission of the court, she must leave her second husband and is liable to bring an offering for mistakenly having relations with a man forbidden to her. In this regard, the power of the court is greater, as she is exempt from bringing an offering. If the court instructed her to marry on the basis of inaccurate testimony, and she went and ruined herself by engaging in licentious relations outside matrimony, she is liable to bring an offering, as they permitted her only to marry, and not to engage in licentious relations.",
+ "With regard to a woman whose husband and child went overseas, and witnesses came and said to her: Your husband died and afterward your child died, she does not require levirate marriage, as she had a child when her husband died. And for this reason she married another man. And if afterward they said to her that the matters were reversed, i.e., the child died before the husband, which means that she did require levirate marriage, she is therefore a yevama who married a stranger without ḥalitza and she must consequently leave her second husband. And with regard to the first child, the one born before they heard about the reversal, and the last one, born after they realized who actually died first, each of these children is a mamzer. Conversely, if they said to her: Your child died and afterward your husband died, and she therefore entered into levirate marriage, and afterward they said to her that the matters were reversed, which means she married her husband’s brother when there was no obligation of levirate marriage, she must leave her husband, and the first child and the last one are each a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she married, and afterward they said to her that he was alive at the time of her marriage and he later died, she must leave the second husband. And the first child, born when her original husband was still alive, is a mamzer, and the last one, born after his death, is not a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she became betrothed to another man, and afterward her husband came, she is permitted to return to him, as betrothal alone does not render her forbidden to her husband. Furthermore, although the last man, i.e., her betrothed, gave her a bill of divorce, he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. She was never his wife, for the betrothal was invalid, and a bill of divorce given to the wife of another man does not disqualify her. This was taught by Rabbi Elazar ben Matya: The verse states with regard to priests: “Neither shall they take a woman divorced from her husband” (Leviticus 21:7), which indicates: And not one who was divorced from a man who is not her husband, e.g., the second man in this case.",
+ "In the case of one whose wife went overseas and people came and told him: Your wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward his wife came back from overseas, the original wife is permitted to return to him, as his erroneous marriage to her sister is considered licentious sexual relations, and one who has intercourse with his wife’s relatives has not rendered his first wife forbidden to himself. And he is permitted to the relatives of the second woman, e.g., her daughter, and this second woman is permitted to his relatives, e.g., his son, as the marriage was entirely invalid. And if the first woman died he is permitted to the second woman, despite the fact that he has already engaged in forbidden relations with her. If they said to him that his wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward they said to him that she was alive when he married the sister and only later died, in this case the first child, born to the sister while his wife was still alive, is a mamzer, as he was born from the union of a man and his sister-in-law, and the last one is not a mamzer. Rabbi Yosei says: Whoever disqualifies others also disqualifies himself, and whoever does not disqualify others does not disqualify himself either. Rabbi Yosei’s obscure statement will be explained by the Gemara.",
+ "Witnesses said to a husband: Your wife is dead, and he married her paternal sister, and witnesses subsequently told him that his second wife was dead and he married her maternal sister; afterward witnesses said that this one too was dead and he married her paternal sister; finally they told him that she was dead and he married the last woman’s maternal sister, and then they were all discovered to be alive. In this case he is permitted to his first wife, and to the third and to the fifth. Since these women are not sisters, his betrothal to them is effective. Consequently, if he died and one of them entered into levirate marriage, they exempt their rival wives. But he is forbidden to the second and fourth wife, each of whom is the sister of his original wife. Therefore, if he passed away and the yavam had relations with one of them, his relations with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife, as she was forbidden to his brother, which means there was no mitzva of levirate marriage here at all. And if he had relations with the second woman in the aforementioned list after the death of the first, i.e., the first one indeed died but the other rumors were all false, in that case he is permitted to the second and the fourth, who are his lawful wives, and they exempt their rival wives, and he is forbidden to the third and the fifth, the sisters of the women married to him, and the sexual relations of the brother with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife.",
+ "The mishna addresses a different issue: If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama he thereby disqualifies his brothers from levirate marriage, despite the fact that as a minor he has not acquired the yevama through this act of intercourse, and the brothers likewise disqualify the woman from him if they have intercourse with the yevama. However, there is a difference between them, as he disqualifies them only if he engaged in relations with her first, and the brothers disqualify him whether they had relations first or last. The mishna explains: How so? A boy aged nine years and one day who had relations with his yevama has disqualified his brothers, as they are no longer eligible to marry her. If his brothers had relations with her, or performed levirate betrothal with her, or gave her a bill of divorce, or performed ḥalitza with her, they permanently disqualify him from engaging in relations with her.",
+ "If a boy aged nine years and one day had sexual relations with his yevama, and afterward his brother, who is also nine years and one day old, had relations with her, the second brother disqualifies her to the first one. Rabbi Shimon says he does not disqualify her. ",
+ "If a minor aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama, and afterward that same boy had relations with her rival wife, he thereby disqualifies her to himself, and both women are now forbidden to him. Rabbi Shimon says he does not disqualify her. If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama and died, that yevama performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. If the minor married a woman in a regular manner and died, she is exempt from levirate marriage and ḥalitza, as by Torah law a minor cannot marry.",
+ "If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama, and after he matured he married a different woman and then died childless, if he did not carnally know the first woman after he matured, but only when he was a minor, the first one performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is in essence a yevama who had relations with a minor, and the second woman either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage, as she is his full-fledged wife. Rabbi Shimon says: The brother consummates levirate marriage with whichever woman he chooses, and performs ḥalitza with the second one. The mishna comments: This is the halakha both for a boy who is nine years and one day old, and also for one who is twenty years old who has not developed two pubic hairs. He has the status of a nine-year-old boy in this regard, as his intercourse is not considered a proper act of intercourse."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One may marry a relative, e.g., the sister or the mother, of the woman he raped and of the woman he seduced. However, one who rapes and one who seduces a relative of the woman who is married to him is liable to receive capital punishment or karet for engaging in prohibited sexual intercourse, depending on the particular family relationship. A man may marry a woman raped by his father, or a woman seduced by his father, or a woman raped by his son, or a woman seduced by his son. Rabbi Yehuda prohibits marriage in the case of a woman raped by his father or a woman seduced by his father.",
+ "With regard to a female convert whose sons converted with her, they do not perform ḥalitza for each other’s wives, and they do not perform levirate marriage with them, as their conversions are considered rebirth, and they are considered unrelated. This is so even if the conception of the first son was not in the sanctity of Israel, i.e., the mother had not yet converted when she conceived of him, but his birth was in the sanctity of Israel, as his mother had converted by the time she gave birth to him, whereas the second son was both conceived and born in sanctity. The first son is considered a convert, who is unrelated to his brother. And this halakha similarly applies to a maidservant whose sons were freed with her, as they too are not considered relatives.",
+ "With regard to five women whose offspring were mixed, i.e., their lineage became indeterminate, and they had other sons as well who were not mixed, and the mixed sons matured and married women and subsequently died, then four sons who were not mixed, each one from a different mother, must perform ḥalitza with one of the widows, as she might be the sister-in-law of any of them. And one son of the mother whose sons did not perform ḥalitza may perform levirate marriage with her instead of ḥalitza; even if she is not his sister-in-law, once she has received ḥalitza from the others she may marry any man. Subsequently, he and three of the four other sons must perform ḥalitza with one of the remaining widows, and the other one may perform levirate marriage. When this process has been completed for all the widows, four ḥalitzot and a levirate marriage are found altogether for each and every widow.",
+ "With regard to a woman whose offspring was mixed with the offspring of her daughter-in-law, and their lineage was consequently indeterminate, and the mixed sons matured and married women, and subsequently they died, the certain sons of the daughter-in-law perform ḥalitza with the wives, but not levirate marriage, as with regard to each wife it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife, and therefore his yevama, and uncertain whether she is his father’s brother’s wife, who is forbidden to him. However, the certain sons of the elder woman, i.e., the mother-in-law, perform either ḥalitza or levirate marriage, as with regard to each wife it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife, in which case levirate marriage is valid, or his brother’s son’s wife, in which case she is permitted to him, after having performed ḥalitza with a son of the daughter-in-law. If the sons of certain, unflawed lineage were the ones who died, then the mixed sons perform ḥalitza with the widows of the elder woman’s sons but not levirate marriage, as it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife or his father’s brother’s wife. With the widows of the certain sons of the daughter-in-law, one of the mixed sons performs ḥalitza, in case she is his brother’s wife. And the other one performs levirate marriage, as even if she is his brother’s son’s wife, she is permitted to him.",
+ "In the case of a priestess whose offspring was mixed with her maidservant’s offspring, they may partake of teruma, as both a priest and the slave of a priest partake of teruma. And they receive one share of teruma in the granary. And they may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse, as each of them might be a priest. And they may not marry women, whether unflawed women, who may not marry a slave, or women unfit to marry into the priesthood, as with regard to each of them it is uncertain whether he is a priest or a slave. If the mixed sons matured and freed each other, they may marry women fit to marry into the priesthood, as a freed slave may marry such women. However, neither may marry a woman unfit for the priesthood, in case he is a priest. And they may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse, since they are uncertain priests. However, if they became impure, they do not receive the forty lashes, as each of them might not be priest. And they may not partake of teruma, as one of them is not a priest. However, if they ate teruma unwittingly they do not pay the principal and the additional fifth, as each of them might be a priest. And they do not receive a share of teruma in the granary, as neither can prove that he is a priest. However, they may sell the teruma that they remove from their own produce, and although they may not eat it, the money is theirs. Since it cannot be proven with regard to either of them that he is not a priest, teruma cannot be appropriated from them. And they do not receive a share of the consecrated offerings of the Temple, as each of them might not be a priest. And one may not give them consecrated offerings to sacrifice for the same reason. However, the hides of their own offerings may not be appropriated from their possession, as it cannot be proven with regard to either of them that he is not a priest. And they are exempt from giving a priest the foreleg, and from giving him the jaw, and from giving him the maw of their non-consecrated kosher animals. And with regard to either of them, the firstling of his kosher animal should graze until it becomes unfit to be sacrificed, i.e., until it gets a blemish. It is against his interest to sacrifice the animal before it gets a blemish, thereby letting it be eaten by the priests. Once it gets a blemish, it cannot be appropriated from him. Since he is possibly a priest, he may claim that the animal is the property of a priest. The animal then becomes his private property, and he may eat it if he wishes. And in general, we place upon him both the stringencies of priests and the stringencies of Israelites.",
+ "With regard to a woman who did not wait three months after separating from her husband, and remarried and gave birth to a son, and it is not known if he was born after nine months of pregnancy to the former husband or if he was born after seven months to the latter husband, if she had sons of certain patrilineage from the first husband and sons of certain patrilineage from the second one, and the son of uncertain patrilineage married and died childless, then the brothers from both husbands must perform ḥalitza with his wife, as they might be his paternal brothers. But they may not perform levirate marriage with her, in case he is only their maternal half brother, and his wife is forbidden to them. And similarly, with regard to him and their wives, if one of them dies childless, he performs ḥalitza and not levirate marriage. If he had half brothers from the first husband and half brothers from the second, not from the same mother but from the same father, he performs ḥalitza or levirate marriage with their widows. If he is indeed their paternal half brother, then the widows are his yevamot; if not, he may marry them like any other man. And similarly, with regard to them and his wife, one half brother from one father performs ḥalitza and one from the other father performs levirate marriage.",
+ "If one of his two uncertain fathers was an Israelite and one was a priest, he may marry only a woman fit to marry a priest, due to the possibility that he is a priest. And he may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse because he might be a priest. But if he became impure, he does not receive the forty lashes, as he might be a non-priest. Likewise, he does not partake of teruma, in case he is a non-priest. However, if he ate teruma he does not pay the principal and the additional fifth, as he might be a priest. And he does not receive teruma at the granary. However, he may sell the teruma of his own produce and the money is his. It cannot be taken away from him due to the uncertainty with regard to his status. And he does not receive a share of the sacred of the consecrated offerings, and one may not give him the consecrated offerings to sacrifice. However, the hides of his own offerings may not be appropriated from his possession. And he is exempt from giving a priest the foreleg, and the jaw, and the maw of his non-consecrated animals. And the firstling of his animal should graze until it becomes unfit to be sacrificed because it gets a blemish. And in general, we place upon him the stringencies of priests and the stringencies of Israelites. If both uncertain fathers were priests, then if they die he is in a state of acute mourning over each of them, in case the deceased is his father. And if he dies, they are both in a state of acute mourning over him, as one of them is his father. He may not become ritually impure to bury them, as each one may not be his relative, and they may not become ritually impure to bury him for the same reason. He does not inherit from them, as the heirs of both husbands can reject his claims. However, they inherit from him if he has no sons and split his inheritance equally. And he is exempt from capital punishment for striking and for cursing both this father and that one. Although one who strikes or curses his father or mother is liable to receive the death penalty, he cannot be held liable, as it is unknown which of the men is his father. He must ascend to the Temple service with the priestly watch of this father and of that one, as he belongs to one of these watches and is obligated to serve with them. However, he does not receive a share of the portion of the offerings that gets eaten, as the members of each watch can claim that he is a member of the other watch. If both uncertain fathers were in one priestly watch, he receives one share, as he certainly belongs to that watch."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The mitzva of ḥalitza, the ritual through which the yavam frees the yevama of her levirate bonds, must be performed before three judges, and the ritual does not require the judges to be experts fit to adjudicate other matters, as even if all three are laymen, it is acceptable. If she performed ḥalitza while he was wearing a shoe made of soft leather that covers the whole foot, her ḥalitza is valid, but if she performed ḥalitza while he was wearing a soft shoe [anpileya] made of cloth, her ḥalitza is invalid, as it is not considered a real shoe. If ḥalitza was performed while he was wearing a sandal, i.e., footwear made of hard leather, that has a heel, it is valid; but if performed with a sandal without a heel, it is invalid ḥalitza. If the leg of the yavam was amputated anywhere from the knee down and she performed ḥalitza as he wore a shoe on the stump of his leg, it is valid ḥalitza. If, however, the leg was amputated anywhere from the knee and above, and she performed ḥalitza as he wore a shoe on the stump of his leg, it is invalid ḥalitza. ",
+ "If she performed ḥalitza while the man was wearing a sandal that did not belong to him, or a sandal made of wood, or on the left shoe, which was being worn on his right foot, it is valid ḥalitza. If she performed ḥalitza as the man was wearing a shoe that was too large for him but which he can still walk in, or a shoe that was too small but that covered most of his foot, her ḥalitza is valid. If a woman performed ḥalitza at night, her ḥalitza is valid, but Rabbi Elazar invalidates it. If she performed ḥalitza on the left foot, her ḥalitza is invalid, but Rabbi Elazar validates it. ",
+ "If she, i.e., the yevama, removed the shoe and spat in accordance with the halakha but did not recite the necessary text, her ḥalitza is valid. If she recited the text and spat but did not remove the shoe, her ḥalitza is disqualified. If she removed the shoe and recited the text but did not spit, Rabbi Elazar says: Her ḥalitza is disqualified, while Rabbi Akiva says: Her ḥalitza is valid. Rabbi Elazar said to him: The verse states: “So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). “So” is an exclusionary term indicating that only precisely in this fashion is ḥalitza valid. Therefore, any term that constitutes an action for ḥalitza is indispensable. Rabbi Akiva said to him: You derive proof from there? But it states: “So shall it be done to the man” indicating that only a term constituting an action toward the man, namely any aspect of ḥalitza that concerns the man’s body, such as removal of his shoe, is indispensable. But spitting, which does not involve the man, although it takes place in his presence, is not indispensable.",
+ "The mishna lists additional halakhot with regard to ḥalitza. If a deaf-mute man underwent ḥalitza, or a deaf-mute woman performed ḥalitza, or if an adult woman performs ḥalitza with a male minor, her ḥalitza is invalid and the woman may not marry. If a female minor performed ḥalitza, she must perform ḥalitza a second time once she becomes an adult, and if she does not perform the second ḥalitza, her first ḥalitza is invalid.",
+ " If she performed ḥalitza before two or three judges and one of them is found to be a relative or disqualified as a judge for some other reason, her ḥalitza is invalid. Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yoḥanan the Cobbler validate the ḥalitza in this case. And an incident occurred involving a certain person who performed ḥalitza between him and her alone in prison, i.e., not in the presence of others, and the case came before Rabbi Akiva and he validated it.",
+ "The mitzva of ḥalitza is performed as follows: He and his yevama come to the court, and the scholars of the court give him advice appropriate for him, whether to enter levirate marriage or to perform ḥalitza, as it is stated: “And the Elders of his city shall call him and speak to him” (Deuteronomy 25:8). If they decide to perform ḥalitza, she says: “My brother-in-law refused to establish a name for his brother in Israel, he did not wish to consummate the levirate marriage” (Deuteronomy 25:7), and afterward he says: “I do not wish to take her” (Deuteronomy 25:8). And they would say these statements in the sacred Hebrew language and not in any other language. Afterward, the shoe is removed and she spits before him, as is written: “His yevama shall approach him, before the Elders, and remove his shoe from on his foot and spit before him” (Deuteronomy 25:9), which indicates that this spittle must be visible to the judges. “And she shall respond and say: So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). Up until this point the judges would prompt the parties to recite the text that they are required to say. And when Rabbi Hyrkanus once prompted the participants in ḥalitza under the ela tree in the village of Eitam, he prompted them to finish reciting the whole Torah passage, after which they established the custom of completing the whole Torah passage. Therefore, they continue and say the following verse: “And his name shall be called in Israel: The house of he who had his shoe removed” (Deuteronomy 25:10). This mitzva of saying: The house of he who had his shoe removed, applies to the judges, but not to the students, i.e., the students of the judges and other onlookers who are present. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is a mitzva upon all those present to say: He who had his shoe removed."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The Sages decreed that in the case of a minor girl whose father died, her mother or brothers may marry her off. However, such a marriage does not have the same legal status as the marriage of an adult. Therefore, if the minor regrets having married, she is allowed to make a declaration of refusal to her husband, thereby annulling the marital bond. The Sages disagreed with regard to the details of this halakha: Beit Shammai say: Only betrothed girls may refuse. A girl may refuse, upon reaching adulthood, to remain married to the man to whom her mother or brothers married her as a minor after the death of her father. But Beit Hillel say that both betrothed and fully married girls may refuse. Beit Shammai say: Refusal may be directed only at her husband and not at her yavam. In such a situation, she must perform ḥalitza in order to dissolve the levirate bond. But Beit Hillel say: It may be directed at her husband or her yavam. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in the presence of the husband. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in his presence or in his absence. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in court. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in court, or not in court. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: She may refuse as long as she is a minor, even four or five times if her relatives married her off again to another man after each refusal. Beit Shammai said to them: The daughters of Israel are not to be treated with disregard and should not be passed from one man to another. Rather, she refuses once. And then she must wait until she reaches majority, and refuse, and marry.",
+ "Who is a minor girl who needs to perform refusal in order to annul her marriage? Any minor whose mother or brother married her off with her consent. If they married her off without her consent, she need not refuse her husband at all and may leave her husband without a declaration of refusal. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigonus says: Any girl who is so young that she cannot keep her betrothal, i.e., the money or document of betrothal, safe does not need to refuse, as the Sages instituted marriage only for a girl old enough to understand what she is doing. Rabbi Elazar says: The act of a minor girl is nothing, so that if a minor girl’s mother or brothers marry her off, the marriage is essentially invalid. Rather, her status is as though she were a seduced unmarried woman. Therefore, a minor daughter of a non-priest married to a priest may not eat teruma, and the minor daughter of a priest married to an Israelite may eat teruma.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says otherwise: If there is any obstruction in the matter due to the man, it is as if she were his wife. If there is any obstruction in the matter that is not due to the man, it is as if she were not his wife. This statement will be explained in the Gemara.",
+ "If a minor girl refuses a man, he is permitted to marry her close relatives, such as her mother or her sister, and she is permitted to marry his close relatives, such as his father or brother, and he has not disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood, as she is not considered divorced. However, if he gave her a bill of divorce, then even though the marriage was valid according to rabbinic law and not Torah law, he is prohibited from marrying her close relatives, and she is prohibited from marrying his close relatives, and he has disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. If he gave her a bill of divorce but afterward remarried her, and she subsequently refused him and married another man, and then she was widowed or divorced from her second husband, she is permitted to return to him. Since she left him the last time by means of refusal, the refusal cancels the bill of divorce that he gave her previously, and her status is that of a minor girl who refused her husband, who is not forbidden to her first husband after a second marriage. However, if the order was different, and if she refused him and he subsequently remarried her, and this time he gave her a bill of divorce and she married another man, and she was widowed or divorced, she is forbidden to return to him, like any divorced woman who married another man. This is the principle concerning a minor girl who refused her husband and then married several times: If the bill of divorce followed the refusal and she remarried, she is forbidden to return to him. If the refusal followed the bill of divorce, she is permitted to return to him. Since the refusal followed the bill of divorce it is clear that she was a minor and neither the marriage nor the divorce were valid by Torah law. However, when the ultimate separation is by means of a bill of divorce, there is no indication that she was a minor at the time and there is potential for confusion with an adult divorcée.",
+ "If a minor girl refuses one man and marries another, and he divorces her, and then she marries another man and refuses him, and then she marries another man and he divorces her, this is the principle for this case: With regard to anyone she leaves by means of a bill of divorce, it is prohibited for her to return to him. With regard to anyone she leaves by means of refusal, she is permitted to return to him.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces a woman and remarries her and then dies childless, his wife is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her yavam, but Rabbi Elazar prohibits this. Likewise, with regard to one who divorces an orphaned minor girl whose mother and brothers married her off and remarries her and subsequently dies, she is permitted to the yavam in levirate marriage, and Rabbi Elazar prohibits it. A minor girl whose father married her off, in which case the marriage is valid by Torah law, and who was subsequently divorced while she was still a minor is like an orphan during the lifetime of her father, as he no longer has the right to marry her off, and she cannot become fully married because she is a minor. And if the husband remarries her while she is still a minor and then dies childless, everyone agrees that she is forbidden to the yavam and may not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If two brothers are married to two minor sisters, and the husband of one of them dies childless, this widowed girl shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as a forbidden relative, as one is prohibited from marrying the sister of his wife. The same halakha applies to two deaf-mute women, whose status is like that of two minors in this matter, as their marriages are valid by rabbinic law. And if two brothers were married to two sisters, one of them an adult and the other a minor, and the husband of the minor dies, the minor shall leave due to her status as the sister of a wife, as in the first case in the mishna. But if the husband of the adult dies, it generates a Torah obligation of levirate marriage, which is not abrogated by the rabbinic prohibition proscribing the yevama as his wife’s sister. This prohibition is by rabbinic law, because marriage to a minor is rabbinic in origin. What does one do under such circumstances? Rabbi Eliezer says: We instruct the minor, i.e., his wife, to refuse him, so that her marriage is dissolved and he may then enter into levirate marriage with her adult sister, the widow of his childless brother. Rabban Gamliel says: If the minor refuses of her own accord, her refusal is valid. And if not, she should wait until she reaches majority, whereupon her marriage is valid by Torah law, and that widowed adult sister shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as the sister of a wife. Rabbi Yehoshua says: When the brother married to the adult sister dies, leaving the brother married to the minor, woe [ee] to him for his wife, woe to him for his brother’s wife. Under these circumstances, he loses both women: He must release his own wife with a bill of divorce and his brother’s wife by performing ḥalitza. He cannot stay married to his wife because she is the sister of his yevama, and he cannot enter into levirate marriage with the yevama even after divorcing his wife, because the yevama is his wife’s sister. The principle that one is completely absolved from levirate marriage when the potential yevama is a forbidden relative does not apply because Torah law does not recognize his marriage to his minor wife. That marriage’s rabbinic sanction does not suffice to render the yevama, his wife’s sister, a forbidden relative who is not a candidate for levirate marriage.",
+ "If a man was married to two orphaned minors and died, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them exempts her rival wife from either levirate marriage or ḥalitza, rendering her free to remarry. Likewise, if two deaf-mutes were married to one man who died, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them exempts her rival wife. In both of these cases, both women are married by rabbinic law and consequently become yevamot by rabbinic law. Since their statuses are equal, one can exempt the other. If one wife is a minor and the other is a deaf-mute, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them does not exempt her rival wife. Although both women are married by rabbinic law, their statuses are not the same and one cannot exempt the other. If one of them was halakhically competent and one was a deaf-mute, consummation of levirate marriage with the halakhically competent wife exempts the deaf-mute, as the halakhically competent women’s marriage and levirate marriage are by Torah law. But consummation of levirate marriage with the deaf-mute does not exempt the halakhically competent wife. Likewise, if one was an adult woman and one a minor girl, consummation of levirate marriage with the adult exempts the minor but consummation of levirate marriage with the minor does not exempt the adult.",
+ "If a man was married to two minor orphans and he died, and a yavam engaged in intercourse with the first of them to consummate the levirate marriage, and then engaged in intercourse with the second, or if his brother who is also their yavam engaged in intercourse with the second, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the first girl from staying married to him, as her levirate marriage was consummated. Likewise, if the two wives were two female deaf-mutes, the first wife may remain married to the yavam. Intercourse with the second wife, though prohibited, has no effect: If the marriage was of uncertain status, then either the levirate marriage was concluded when he engaged in intercourse with the first, or neither wife was really married to the first husband, and they are therefore not rival wives. If the initial marriage was partial, then since both wives have the same standing, the levirate marriage with the first wife fully realizes whatever degree of levirate marriage is available. If one wife was a minor and the other a deaf-mute, and the yavam engaged in intercourse with the minor and then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, then the yavam or his brother disqualified the minor from staying married due to the Sages’ decree, lest it be confused with a situation where the intercourse with the deaf-mute was first. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute and then engaged in intercourse with the minor, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the minor, then the yavam or his brother disqualified the deaf-mute from staying married. The marriage to the deaf-mute creates a partial acquisition that does not exempt the second wife from levirate marriage, as she, as a minor, has a different standing. Accordingly, intercourse with the second wife also creates a partial acquisition and thereby both women are prohibited to the yavam, as it is prohibited to consummate levirate marriage with more than one wife.",
+ "If one widow was halakhically competent and one widow was a deaf-mute, and the yavam engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman and then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, or if his brother then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the halakhically competent woman from staying married. Since the yavam consummated the levirate marriage with her first, the levirate bond was entirely dissolved and the intercourse with the deaf-mute, though forbidden, had no effect. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute and then engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman, the yavam or his brother disqualified the deaf-mute from staying married. Consummation of the levirate marriage with the deaf-mute creates only a partial acquisition that does not fully dissolve the levirate bond.",
+ "If the deceased brother had two wives, an adult and a minor, and the yavam engaged in sexual intercourse with the adult, then engaged in intercourse with the minor, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the minor, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the adult from staying married, as the consummation of the levirate marriage with the adult completely dissolves the levirate bond. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the minor, and then engaged in intercourse with the adult, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the adult, the yavam or his brother disqualified the minor from staying married. Rabbi Elazar says: The court instructs the minor to refuse him thereby annulling her marriage retroactively, and then the minor is permitted to marry any man.",
+ "If a minor yavam engaged in sexual intercourse with a minor yevama, they should grow up together, living as a married couple. He may not divorce her, as he is a minor. If he engaged in sexual intercourse with an adult yevama, she should raise him, i.e., they must stay married, as there is no way for him to divorce her until he reaches majority. When a yevama said within thirty days of her marriage: I have not engaged in sexual intercourse with him, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her. If she said this after thirty days but he claimed that he had engaged in sexual intercourse, the court asks him to perform ḥalitza with her, as there are grounds to believe him. And when he admits that he did not engage in intercourse with her, even after twelve months, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her.",
+ "If a woman vows during her husband’s lifetime to derive no benefit from her yavam, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her as it is forbidden for her to engage in sexual intercourse with him to consummate the levirate marriage. If she vowed after the death of her husband to derive no benefit from her yavam, the court asks him to perform ḥalitza with her. And if she intended to do so, i.e., she had an ulterior motive of avoiding levirate marriage when she vowed, even if she made the vow during her husband’s lifetime, the court merely asks him to perform ḥalitza with her."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a deaf-mute who married a halakhically competent woman, and a halakhically competent man who married a deaf-mute: If either man wants to divorce his wife, he may divorce her, and if he wants to maintain her as his wife, he may maintain her. The reason why a deaf-mute man can divorce his wife is that just as he marries her by intimation, i.e., his marriage is not performed by explicit speech, as deaf-mutes rely on gestures, so too, he divorces her by intimation. Likewise, in the case of a halakhically competent man who married a halakhically competent woman, and she later became a deaf-mute: If he wants to divorce his wife, he may divorce her, as a wife does not have to have intellectual capacity to receive a bill of divorce, and if he wants to maintain her as his wife, he may maintain her. If she became an imbecile, he may not divorce her, i.e., a bill of divorce is ineffective in this case. If he became a deaf-mute or an imbecile after they were married, he may never divorce her, as he does not have the legal competence to give a bill of divorce. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri said: For what reason is the halakha that in the case of the woman who becomes a deaf-mute, her husband may divorce her, but in the case of the man who becomes a deaf-mute, he may not divorce his wife? If the bill of divorce written by someone who formerly possessed all his senses and later became a deaf-mute is invalid, it stands to reason that it should not be valid when she becomes a deaf-mute either. They said to him: The man who divorces his wife is not similar to the woman who is divorced, as the woman is divorced whether she is willing or unwilling. Since the woman’s consent is not required, she may be divorced even if she is a deaf-mute. And, conversely, the man divorces his wife only willingly, and therefore the bill of divorce of a deaf-mute, who is not legally competent, is ineffective.",
+ "Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgada testified with regard to a female deaf-mute whose father married her off when she was a minor, which means her marriage was valid by Torah law, that she can be divorced with a bill of divorce even when she matures and is no longer under her father’s authority, despite the fact that she is not legally competent. They said to him: This woman, too, has a similar status. In other words, a woman who possessed all her faculties and later became a deaf-mute is comparable to a minor whose marriage was valid by Torah law and later, when she matured and was no longer under the authority of her father, received a bill of divorce. Both of these women can receive a bill of divorce, in accordance with the principle stated in the previous paragraph.",
+ "The mishna continues: In a case where there were two deaf-mute brothers married to two deaf-mute sisters or to two halakhically competent sisters, or to two sisters, one of whom was a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent; or in a case where there were two deaf-mute sisters married to two halakhically competent brothers or to two deaf-mute brothers or to two brothers, one of whom was a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, all these women are exempt from ḥalitza and from levirate marriage. Each of them is forbidden to her yavam because he is married to her sister. And if they were unrelated women, i.e., the women are not sisters, the men may marry them in levirate marriage, and if they want to divorce them later, they may divorce them.",
+ "However, if two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and other one halakhically competent, were married to two halakhically competent sisters, and the deaf-mute married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? His brother’s wife is released without levirate marriage or ḥalitza, due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, as his wife’s sister came before him for levirate marriage by Torah law, and the legal status of her marriage and her levirate marriage is higher than his own marriage, which applies only by rabbinic law. And his brother’s wife is forbidden to him forever, and there is no remedy for her. He cannot marry her, as by rabbinic law she is the sister of his ex-wife, nor can he exempt her by means of ḥalitza, as he is a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two halakhically competent brothers were married to two sisters, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? The deaf-mute sister is released due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, as the halakhically competent sister came before him for levirate marriage, and the status of her levirate bond is higher than the status of his marriage to his wife, a deaf-mute. And he releases his brother’s wife, who is not a deaf-mute, by means of ḥalitza, as they are both legally competent and can therefore perform ḥalitza.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two sisters, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? The deaf-mute woman is released due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, which is as valid as their original marriage. And his brother’s wife is forbidden to him forever. There is no remedy for her, as he may not consummate levirate marriage with her because she is the sister of his ex-wife by rabbinic law, and he cannot perform ḥalitza with her either, as he is a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two unrelated, halakhically competent women, and the deaf-mute married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? He either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the other halakhically competent woman do? He cannot perform ḥalitza with her, as he is a deaf-mute. Rather, he marries her, and he may never divorce her, as sexual intercourse between a yavam and his yevama creates a valid marriage that cannot be broken by the bill of divorce of a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two halakhically competent brothers were married to two unrelated women, one of whom is halakhically competent and the other one a deaf-mute, and the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? The brother cannot perform ḥalitza with her, as she is a deaf-mute. Rather, he marries the deaf-mute, and if he wishes to divorce her, he may subsequently divorce her with a bill of divorce. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute do? Either he performs ḥalitza or he enters into levirate marriage.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two unrelated women, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the deaf-mute brother who was married to the deaf-mute woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? He may marry her if he desires the deaf-mute woman, and if he wishes afterward to divorce her, he may divorce her. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute woman do? He marries his yevama and may never divorce her, as he does not have the legal capacity to end a valid marriage."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, if there was peace between him and her, i.e., the couple were not fighting at the time, and there was also peace in the world, i.e., there was no war at that time, and the woman came back by herself and said: My husband died, she may marry on the basis of her own testimony. Likewise, if she said: My husband died, and they did not have children, but her husband had a brother, she may enter into levirate marriage. If there was peace between him and her when they left but there was war in the world, or if there was a quarrel between him and her and peace in the world, and she came and said: My husband died, she is not deemed credible, as she may be mistaken or lying. Rabbi Yehuda says: She is never deemed credible when she testifies that her husband died, unless she came crying and her clothing was torn, in which case it is apparent that she is speaking the truth. They said to him: This is an incorrect distinction. Rather, both this woman who cries and this woman who does not cry may marry on the basis of their own testimony.",
+ "Beit Hillel say: We heard that one may accept the testimony of a woman concerning the death of her husband only when she comes from the grain harvest, and when she testified in the same country where he died, and in circumstances similar to the incident that occurred, in which a lenient ruling was issued, as will be explained. Beit Shammai said to Beit Hillel: The same halakha applies to a wife who comes from the grain harvest, and one who comes from the olive harvest, and also one who comes from the grape harvest, and even one who comes from one country to another country. Although the incident in question took place during the grain harvest, the Sages spoke of the grain harvest only because it was the present occurrence, i.e., that is what happened in practice, but this is no proof that she is deemed credible only when she arrived specifically from the grain harvest. The mishna comments: Beit Hillel retracted their opinion, and decided to teach in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai on this issue.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A woman who testifies that her husband died may marry, and take the money guaranteed in her marriage contract. Beit Hillel say: She may marry, but she may not take her marriage contract, as qualified witnesses are required for monetary matters. Beit Shammai said to them: If you have permitted a woman potentially forbidden to him, which is a relatively stringent prohibition, based merely upon her own testimony, will we not permit a monetary matter, which is more lenient, as the money can be returned and this sin does not entail such a severe punishment? Beit Hillel said to them: This is no proof, as we find that the brothers do not come into the inheritance from the deceased brother based on her testimony. Evidently, although this testimony is accepted with regard to forbidden sexual relationships, it is not effective for monetary matters. Beit Shammai said to them: But we can learn this halakha from the scroll of the marriage contract, as every husband writes for her that: If you marry another man, take what is written for you in this contract. This shows that her right to receive the money of her marriage contract is dependent upon her eligibility to remarry. In this case, as she is deemed credible when she says her husband died and she may marry again, she is likewise entitled to the money of the marriage contract. And Beit Hillel again retracted their opinion, and decided to teach in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai.",
+ "All are deemed credible when they come to give testimony with regard to the death of a woman’s husband, apart from her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her rival wife, the wife of her yavam, and her husband’s daughter, her stepdaughter. The reason is that these women are likely to hate her and will lie to her detriment. The mishna explains: In the case of a divorce all people, including these women, may bring her bill of divorce and testify that it was written appropriately. What, then, is the difference between a bill of divorce and death? The mishna answers: The difference is that in the case of a bill of divorce the writing proves the accuracy of the testimony, i.e., her testimony is supported by the text of the document itself, whereas with regard to the death of her husband there is no proof apart from the statement of the woman herself. If one witness says: The man died, and the wife married based on this testimony, and one other witness came and said: He did not die, she need not leave her new husband due to this testimony. However, if one witness comes and says: The husband died, and two witnesses say: He did not die, then even though she married based on the first witness she must leave her new husband. If two witnesses say: He died, and one witness says: He did not die, the testimony of the two witnesses is accepted, and even though she did not yet marry, she may marry.",
+ "If two women who were married to the same man come forward, and one of them says that the husband died, and the other one says he did not die, the one who says he died may marry on the basis of her own testimony, and she takes the money of her marriage contract. And the one who said he did not die may not marry, and does not take the money of her marriage contract. If one wife says: He died in a normal manner, and the other one says: He was killed, Rabbi Meir says: Since they contradict one another, these women may not marry. Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon say: Since they both agree that he is not alive they may marry, despite the fact that they dispute the circumstances of his demise. If a witness says: He died, and a witness says: He did not die, or one woman says: He died, and another woman says: He did not die, this woman may not marry.",
+ "In the case of a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, and she comes and says: My husband died, she may marry, and she takes her marriage contract based on her own testimony. And it remains prohibited for her rival wife to remarry, as a woman cannot testify on behalf of her rival wife. If the rival wife was an Israelite woman married to a priest, she may continue to partake of teruma, as she is not permitted to remarry, and therefore the presumption that the husband is still alive is maintained in relation to her. This is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare someone from transgression. According to the opinion of Rabbi Tarfon, there is a concern that she might be eating teruma unlawfully. There is no remedy for this situation unless it is prohibited for the rival wife to marry, as she cannot rely on the testimony of her rival wife, and it is also prohibited for her to partake of teruma, lest the other woman was speaking the truth. In other words, the halakha is stringent on both counts.",
+ "The mishna discusses a similar case. If a woman said: My husband died and afterward my father-in-law died, she may marry and take her marriage contract, and it is prohibited for her mother-in-law to remarry, as a woman may not testify on behalf of her mother-in-law. If the mother-in-law was the daughter of an Israelite married to a priest, she may partake of teruma; this is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare her from transgression; there is no remedy unless it is prohibited for the mother-in-law to marry and also prohibited for her to partake of teruma. In relation to the dispute between Rabbi Tarfon and Rabbi Akiva in the previous mishna, in which Rabbi Akiva states that one must avoid a possible transgression, the mishna cites two similar cases involving other topics. With regard to one who betrothed one of five women, and he does not know which of them he betrothed, and each one of them says: He betrothed me, if he does not want to marry any of them he gives a bill of divorce to each and every one of them so none will have the status of a woman with regard to whom there is uncertainty whether she is divorced. And he leaves the marriage contract among them and departs. The marriage contract remains in dispute between the women until they clarify which of them is entitled to the money. This is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare someone from transgression, as perhaps the woman he actually betrothed will not receive the money to which she is entitled. There is no remedy unless he gives a bill of divorce and a marriage contract payment to each and every one. And likewise, in the case of one who stole money from one of five people and does not know from which of them he stole, and each one says: He stole from me, he leaves the stolen money among them and departs, and they will decide among themselves how to distribute the money; this is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare him from transgression; there is no remedy unless he pays each and every one of them.",
+ "In the case of a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, and her son was with them, and later she came back and said: My husband died and afterward my son died, she is deemed credible. It is permitted for her to remarry, and she is exempt from levirate marriage. The reason is that she had children when she left, and therefore she retains her presumptive status of one who is exempt from levirate marriage. However, if she said: My son died and afterward my husband died, she is not deemed credible, i.e., she may not enter into levirate marriage. And yet we are concerned and give some credence to her statement, in case she was actually widowed by a childless husband, and therefore she performs ḥalitza to exempt her from the levirate bond with her yavam, and she does not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If she went with her childless husband and returned alone and testified: A son was born to me overseas, and she further said: My son died and afterward my husband died, she is deemed credible and may even enter into levirate marriage, as she was presumed to be childless when she left and consequently she retains that presumptive status. However, if she said: My husband died and afterward my son died, she is not deemed credible for the purpose of exempting her from levirate marriage, but the court is concerned about her statement. And therefore she must perform ḥalitza and she does not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If she said: A yavam was born for me overseas, i.e., when the family left the country her husband did not have a brother, and she claims that in the meantime a brother was born to her husband, and she also said: My husband died and afterward my yavam died, or: My yavam died and afterward my husband died, in either case she is deemed credible. This is because when she left she was not presumed to require levirate marriage, and the suggestion that her husband now has a brother is based solely on her testimony. However, if she went, she and her husband and her yavam, overseas, and upon her return she said: My husband died and afterward my yavam died, or: My yavam died and afterward my husband died, she is not deemed credible, as a woman is not deemed credible if she says: My yavam died, in order that she may marry another man. And she is not deemed credible if she says that her sister died, in order that she may enter the house of her sister’s husband. And a man is not deemed credible if he says: My brother died, so that he may enter into levirate marriage with his brother’s wife, and he is not deemed credible when he says that his wife died, in order that he may marry his wife’s sister. The Sages accepted impaired testimony of this kind only when there was a concern about creating a situation of a deserted wife."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of a woman whose husband and rival wife traveled to a country overseas, and witnesses came and told her: Your husband died, she shall not marry any other man, in case she requires levirate marriage with her brother-in-law, i.e., yavam, in which case she is prohibited from marrying anyone else. And she also shall not enter into levirate marriage until she knows whether she, i.e., her rival wife, is pregnant. If her rival wife bears a child to her late husband, she does not have a levirate bond with her brother-in-law, and she is therefore prohibited from marrying him. If she had a mother-in-law overseas, but her late husband had no brothers, she need not be concerned that a brother to her husband may have been born. But if her mother-in-law departed from her town pregnant, this widow should be concerned that perhaps her late husband now has a brother, with whom she is obligated in levirate marriage. Rabbi Yehoshua says: Even in such a case she need not be concerned and may marry whomever she wishes.",
+ "If there are two sisters-in-law married to two childless brothers who testify about their marital status, and this one says: My husband died, and that one says: My husband died, although each one of them is deemed credible with regard to her own status as a widow, this one is prohibited from marrying due to the possibility that the husband of that other sister may be alive, obligating her in levirate marriage, and that one is prohibited from marrying due to the husband of this sister, according to the same rationale. Although each is accorded credibility as to her own husband’s death, the halakha is that sisters-in-law are among the five types of women not accorded credibility with regard to each other’s permissibility to marry because of possible conflicts of interest. If this one has witnesses to her husband’s death, and that one does not have witnesses, then the one who has witnesses is prohibited from marrying, as there are no witnesses to the death of her yavam to exempt her from levirate marriage; but the one who has no witnesses is permitted to marry based on her own testimony that her husband died combined with the witnesses’ testimony exempting her from levirate marriage. If this one has children and that one has no children, then the one with children is permitted to marry, as she herself is deemed credible with regard to her husband’s death, and her children exempt her from levirate marriage. But the one without children is prohibited from marrying, as the death of her yavam has not been corroborated independently of her sister-in-law’s testimony. If there were two additional yevamin with whom these two widows entered into levirate marriage, and then the yevamin died childless, the women are prohibited from marrying, since the concern about an additional living yavam still remains. Rabbi Elazar says: Since these women were permitted to marry the living brothers-in-law, as the testimony of each was deemed credible with regard to her own status, they are permitted, from then on, to marry any man because their statements, taken together, indicate that neither one is obligated to enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "One may testify that a man died only if he can testify about seeing the countenance [partzuf ] of the face with the nose, as this allows one to identify the individual with certainty. Although there are distinguishing marks [simanim] on his body and his personal belongings, which appear to indicate his identity, one may not rely on these as identification. Furthermore, one may not testify that a person died until his soul actually departs. And even if one saw him cut open and severely wounded, or crucified, or with a wild animal eating parts of him, he may not testify that he died. Additionally, one may testify to someone’s death only when the body was witnessed up to three days following death and not after that, since the appearance may change due to decomposition. Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava says: One cannot establish general guidelines for this matter because not every person, nor every place, nor every hour is identical. Decomposition is not uniform. It occurs at different rates in different situations.",
+ "If a man fell into the water and did not come out, whether the body of water has a visible end or does not have a visible end, his wife is prohibited from remarrying. There is no absolute proof that the man died, as it is possible that he emerged from the water some distance away. Rabbi Meir said: An incident occurred involving a certain person who fell into the Great Cistern and emerged only after three days. This is evidence that sometimes one may survive a fall into water, even when everyone assumes he is dead. Rabbi Yosei said: An incident occurred involving a blind man who descended to immerse for ritual purity in a cave, and his guide descended after him, and they disappeared there, and they remained there long enough for their souls to have departed, and the Sages permitted their wives to marry because they had disappeared into the water and not emerged. And there was another incident in Asya in which they lowered a certain man into the sea on a rope, and when they pulled the rope back to land only his leg came up in their hands, and they were not certain whether he was alive or dead. The Sages said: If his leg was cut from the knee and above, his wife may marry, as he did not survive such a wound; if his leg was cut only from the knee and below, she may not marry.",
+ "Even if one heard from the women, who were saying: So-and-so died, this is sufficient in order to testify to his death. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even if one heard from the children, who were saying: We are going to eulogize and bury so-and-so, that is also sufficient. Furthermore, one may rely upon someone mentioning that a man died, regardless of whether the speaker intends to testify and thereby allow the man’s wife to remarry or whether he does not intend to offer formal testimony. Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava says: With regard to a Jew who offers this information, it may be relied upon even if he intends for his statement to be considered formal testimony. However, with regard to a gentile, if he intended to testify, his testimony is not considered valid testimony. His statement is relied upon only when he does not intend to state it as formal testimony.",
+ "Witnesses may testify that an individual died even if they saw his corpse only by candlelight or by moonlight. And the court may allow a woman to marry based on the statement of a disembodied voice proclaiming that her husband died. There was an incident with regard to a certain individual who stood at the top of a mountain and said: So-and-so, son of so-and-so, from such and such a place died. They went and found no person there, but even so they relied upon the statement and allowed the wife of the individual declared dead to marry. And there was another incident in Tzalmon, a city in the Galilee, where a particular man said: I am so-and-so, son of so-and-so. A snake bit me and I am dying. And they went and found his corpse but could not recognize him, yet they went ahead and allowed his wife to marry based on what he said in his dying moments.",
+ "Rabbi Akiva said: When I descended to Neharde’a, in Babylonia, to intercalate the year, I found the Sage Neḥemya of Beit D’li. He said to me: I heard that the Sages in Eretz Yisrael do not allow a woman to remarry based on the testimony of a single witness, except for Yehuda ben Bava. And I told him: That is so. He said to me: Tell the Sages in my name: You know that the country is confounded by army troops, and I cannot come myself. I declare that I received this tradition from Rabban Gamliel the Elder, that the court may allow a woman to remarry based on the testimony of a single witness. Rabbi Akiva continues: And when I came and presented the matter before Rabban Gamliel of Yavne, the grandson of Rabban Gamliel the Elder, he rejoiced at my words and said: We have found a companion who agrees with Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava, and since his lenient opinion is no longer the opinion of a lone Sage, it may now be relied upon. As a result of this event, Rabban Gamliel remembered that people were murdered in Tel Arza, and Rabban Gamliel then allowed their wives to remarry based on only one witness. And from then onward they established as protocol to allow a woman to remarry based on hearsay testimony, a slave’s testimony, a woman’s testimony, or a maidservant’s testimony. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua say: The court may not allow a woman to remarry based on only one witness. Rabbi Akiva says: The court may not allow a woman to marry based on the testimony of a woman, nor based on the testimony of a slave, nor based on the testimony of a maidservant, nor based on the testimony of close relatives. They said to Rabbi Akiva: Do we not rely upon a woman’s testimony? After all, an incident occurred involving Levites who traveled to Tzoar, the city of date palms. And one of them became ill, and they brought him to an inn [pundak] to rest, while they continued on their travels. Upon their return to the inn they said to the innkeeper, who was a woman: Where is our friend? She told them: He died, and I buried him. And based on her testimony they allowed his wife to remarry. And shouldn’t a priestess, or any Jewish woman who testifies that a man died, be deemed as credible as an innkeeper? Rabbi Akiva said to them: When a woman will be as convincing as the innkeeper, then she shall also be deemed credible. The innkeeper brought them his staff, and his bag, and the Torah scroll that was in his possession, thereby providing supporting evidence to reinforce her claim."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..010e8958d2887e07f1c57d69c2442c5c38e045f0
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+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Yevamot",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "The Torah law obligating a man whose brother died without children [yavam] to marry his deceased brother’s widow [yevama] or to free her from her levirate bonds through the act of ḥalitza applies only when it is permitted for the widow to marry her surviving brother-in-law. However, in cases where the yevama is forbidden to her yavam due to her status as a close family relative, the mitzva of levirate marriage is not applicable, and she is exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza.
The Sages further taught that the exemption of a yevama from levirate marriage also exempts her rival wife. In other words, if the deceased brother had two wives, each a so-called rival of the other, and only one wife is a relative of the surviving brother, then the rival wife is also exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza. Moreover, if that same rival wife entered into levirate marriage with a different brother of the deceased, one to whom she is not forbidden, then were this third brother also to die childless, so that the obligation of levirate marriage would again be incurred by the second brother, not only is the forbidden rival wife exempt from levirate marriage and ḥalitza, her new rival wives from her second marriage are also exempt.
That is to say, any other wife of the third brother is exempt from the mitzva of levirate marriage, as she is the rival wife of that first rival wife, who was exempted from levirate marriage following her first husband’s death due the exemption of her original rival wife. The same principle applies if that second rival wife subsequently enters into levirate marriage with another permitted brother, and so on. In summary, every widow who is exempt from marrying her brother-in-law due to her status as rival wife of a forbidden relative is treated as a forbidden relative herself and is therefore exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage and causes exemption for future rival wives as well.
The mishna describes various cases that invoke the principles above. Fifteen categories of women constitute familial relations that are forbidden as incestuous, and consequently, these women exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives from ḥalitza and from levirate marriage forever, i.e., they also exempt rival wives of rival wives of rival wives, and so on. And these women are: The daughter of the yavam, i.e., the deceased brother had married a daughter of his brother, which means that when he died childless, his brother’s own daughter came before her father for levirate marriage, and therefore she is exempt. And the same applies if the deceased brother’s widow is the daughter of the daughter of the yavam, or if she is the daughter of his son, or the daughter of his wife. And similarly, if the yevama is the daughter of the son of the wife of her yavam or the daughter of his wife’s daughter, or if she is the mother-in-law of her yavam, or his mother-in-law’s mother, or his father-in-law’s mother, then she is exempt from ḥalitza and levirate marriage. The mishna continues its list of close relatives. If the yevama is the maternal half sister of the yavam, or if she is the sister of his mother, or his wife’s sister, then she is exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage Or if she was the wife of his maternal half brother, and after this brother died or divorced his wife, she married another of his father’s brothers, who was not her relative, and this brother died, she is exempt. In this case, the obligation to enter into levirate marriage should be incurred by the surviving brother, but since she was previously the wife of his maternal brother, she is exempt. And the same applies to the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist, i.e., the wife of a man who died before his brother was born. As will be explained, the obligation of levirate marriage does not apply to the yavam in this case. Since levirate marriage does not apply to him, the yevama remains forbidden to him as his brother’s wife. And the last case is if one’s yevama had previously been his daughter-in-law, and after his son had died one’s brother married her, before he too passed away. These fifteen women exempt their rival wives and the rival wives of their rival wives from ḥalitza and levirate marriage forever. § And with regard to all of these women listed as prohibited relations, these halakhot apply only if they were married to the deceased brother until the time of his death. However, this is not the case if they died during the deceased brother’s lifetime, or if they refused their husbands when they were minors. This refusal is referring to the decree of the Sages that a girl under the age of twelve whose father is no longer alive may be married off by her mother or brothers. However, this marriage is not final, as she can terminate it by performing an act of refusal, i.e., by declaring, while still a minor, that she does not desire this marriage. In this case, the marriage is annulled retroactively and she is considered as though she were never married at all. Or if those women were divorced by their husband, the deceased brother, or were found to be a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], i.e., a woman who is so underdeveloped that she is not considered a woman in the full sense, these halakhot do not apply. Her marriage is considered a mistaken marriage and is null and void. In all these cases their rival wives are permitted, as the exemption for rival wives of forbidden relatives applies only when the forbidden relative was the brother’s wife at the time of his death, when the halakhot of levirate marriage came into effect. § And the mishna comments that the language of this principle is imprecise, as you cannot say with regard to his mother-in-law and with regard to his mother-in-law’s mother and with regard to his father-in-law’s mother that they were found to be an aylonit, as an aylonit is sterile and therefore cannot become a mother or a mother-in-law. Nor is the mishna precise when it states: Or refused, as refusal applies only to minors, who cannot give birth.",
+ "The mishna explains: How do these women exempt their rival wives? If, for example, his daughter or any one of those women with whom relations are forbidden was married to his brother and this brother had another wife, and the brother died, then just as his daughter is exempt from levirate marriage, so too her rival wife is exempt. If his daughter’s rival wife subsequently went and married his second brother, to whom she is permitted, and he had another wife, and he died childless as well, which means that his wife comes before the first yavam, the daughter’s father, for levirate marriage, then just as his daughter’s rival wife is exempt, so too the rival wife of her rival wife is exempt. The mishna adds: Even if they are one hundred brothers, the same logic applies. If a woman is exempt from levirate marriage because she is the rival wife of a forbidden relative or the rival wife of a rival wife of this kind, and she herself has an additional rival wife, this rival wife is also exempt and in turn exempts her own rival wives from levirate marriage. How so? What are the cases in which if they died their rival wives are permitted? If, for example, one’s daughter or any one of those women with whom relations are forbidden was married to his brother, and this brother had another wife, and then his daughter died or was divorced and afterward his brother died, her rival wife is permitted to him. § The mishna states another principle: And if any of these forbidden relatives was a minor who could refuse her husband, then even if she did not refuse, her rival wife performs ḥalitza and does not enter into levirate marriage. The rival wife may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is the rival wife of a forbidden relative. However, she is not entirely exempt from levirate marriage and must be released by ḥalitza because the marriage of the forbidden relative was not a fully valid marriage, and therefore, by Torah law, the other woman is not considered a rival wife of a forbidden relative.",
+ "Six women with whom relations are forbidden who were not enumerated in the first mishna are forbidden by prohibitions that are more severe than those listed in that mishna because they may be married only to others and may never be married to any of the brothers, due to the closeness of their relationship. However, this stringency entails a corresponding leniency: Since the halakha of levirate marriage is entirely inapplicable in these cases, their rival wives are permitted. The rival wife of a forbidden relative is forbidden herself only if the mitzva of levirate marriage is applicable, but where it is not in effect she is permitted. The six women with whom relations are forbidden are as follows: His mother, and his father’s wife, and his father’s sister, and his paternal half sister, and the wife of his father’s brother, and the wife of his paternal half brother. Each of these women with whom relations are forbidden is forbidden equally to all of the brothers, and the mitzva of levirate marriage is inapplicable. Therefore, her rival wife is permitted.",
+ "Up to this point, the discussions were based on the assumption that not only may a forbidden relative not enter into levirate marriage, but her rival wife is also exempt. However, this issue is subject to a long-standing dispute. Beit Shammai permit the rival wives to the brothers, as they did not accept the interpretation of the verses that indicates that rival wives are prohibited. And Beit Hillel forbid them. The previous mishnayot are in accordance with the opinion of Beit Hillel. If any of the rival wives of the brother performed ḥalitza, Beit Shammai disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood, as in their opinion these rival wives were fit for levirate marriage, which means that the ḥalitza was fully valid. Consequently, they are disqualified from marrying a priest, like all other women who perform ḥalitza. And Beit Hillel deem them fit, as they maintain that no legal act of ḥalitza was performed here at all. If they entered into levirate marriage, Beit Shammai deem them fit for the priesthood, as in their opinion, this is a fully legal levirate marriage. And Beit Hillel disqualify them, because they engaged in licentious sexual relations as the rival wives of a forbidden relative. § The mishna comments: Although Beit Hillel prohibit the rival wives to the brothers and Beit Shammai permit them, and although these disqualify these women and those deem them fit, Beit Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from Beit Hillel, nor did Beit Hillel refrain from marrying women from Beit Shammai. Furthermore, with regard to all of the disputes concerning the halakhot of ritual purity and impurity, where these rule that an article is ritually pure and those rule it ritually impure, they did not refrain from handling ritually pure objects each with the other, as Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel frequently used each other’s vessels."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Each of the women enumerated in the first chapter causes exemption from levirate marriage and ḥalitza for her rival wives. This is due to the close family relationship she has with her brother-in-law, making her forbidden to him. The single exception is the case explained in this mishna. What is the case of the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist? For example: If there were two brothers, and one of them died childless, and subsequently a brother of theirs was born, after which the second brother, the elder, took his deceased brother’s wife in levirate marriage, and then died as well. Consequently, two women require levirate marriage: The widow of the first brother who had been taken in levirate marriage by the second brother, and the widow of the second brother, the first widow’s rival wife. The first widow, who had been the wife of the first brother to die, goes out without any obligation to be taken in levirate marriage by the youngest brother who was born later, since she is the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. The first deceased brother never lived at the same time as the newly born brother. The second widow, who had been married to the second brother, is exempt due to her rival wife. The mishna discusses an additional situation: If the second brother had performed only levirate betrothal with her, meaning that he had not yet consummated the marriage, and then died, both the wife betrothed by a levirate betrothal to the second brother and the wife of the second brother fall before the youngest brother born after the death of the first brother. In that case, the first wife certainly goes out and is exempt from both ḥalitza and levirate marriage, since she is to him the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. The second, however, was never effectively the rival wife of the first brother’s wife, as the first brother’s wife had only been betrothed by levirate betrothal and was not fully married to the second brother. Therefore, she performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If there were two brothers, and one died, and the second entered into levirate marriage with his brother’s wife while he was already married to another woman, and subsequently a third brother was born to them, and the second brother then died, whereby both of his wives happened before the third brother for levirate marriage, then the first woman, who was the wife of the first brother, is exempt due to the fact that she is the wife of a brother with whom the third brother did not coexist, and the second woman, who was the first wife of the second brother, is exempt due to her rival wife. If the second brother had performed only levirate betrothal with her and then died before fully marrying her, the second woman performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as the levirate betrothal is not considered a sufficiently valid marriage so as to render her the rival wife of a relation forbidden to the third brother. Rabbi Shimon says with regard to the first clause of the mishna: The third brother either enters into levirate marriage with whichever one he wishes, or he performs ḥalitza with whichever one he wishes. Since he was born after his second brother had already entered into levirate marriage with the first brother’s widow, she is considered the wife of a brother with whom he did coexist, not the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. Therefore, he may enter into levirate marriage with her.",
+ "The Sages stated a principle about a yevama: Whoever is forbidden by a prohibition of forbidden relations to her yavam neither performs ḥalitza nor enters into levirate marriage and is completely exempt. If she is forbidden by a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or by a prohibition stemming from sanctity, as will be explained later, then since in these cases the obligation of levirate marriage is not fundamentally nullified she performs ḥalitza in order to become free of the levirate bond, and due to her prohibition she does not enter into levirate marriage. The Sages stated another principle: If two sisters who had been married to two brothers who subsequently died happened before the third brother for levirate marriage, and one of those sisters is a close relation to this third brother and is therefore forbidden to him, she is exempt from levirate marriage. But the other, her sister who is her yevama, i.e., her sister-in-law, performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. In this case, they are not ruled to be two sisters who happened before him simultaneously for levirate marriage, since one of them is prohibited to him as a forbidden relation, and therefore she never actually happened before him at all.",
+ "The mishna explains: A prohibition resulting from a mitzva is referring to secondary forbidden relationships, which are prohibited by rabbinic law. The Sages prohibited marriage to certain women who were not forbidden by the Torah but were nevertheless deemed forbidden incestuous relations. A prohibition stemming from sanctity is referring to marriage of a widow to a High Priest, a divorcée or a woman who has performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] to a common priest, a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret] or a Gibeonite woman to an Israelite, and also an Israelite woman to a Gibeonite or to a son born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzer].",
+ "In the case of anyone who has a brother of any kind, that brother creates a levirate bond causing his yevama to be required to perform levirate marriage if the first brother dies childless. And he is his brother in all respects, except for one who has a brother born from a Canaanite maidservant or from a gentile woman, as these do not have the legal status of brothers. Similarly, in the case of anyone who has a child of any kind, that child exempts his father’s wife from levirate marriage, since his father did not die childless. And that child is liable to receive capital punishment if he strikes his father or curses him. And he is his child in all respects, except for whoever has a child born from a Canaanite maidservant or from a gentile woman, as these do not have the halakhic status of children.",
+ "In the case of one who betrothed one of two sisters and does not know which of them he betrothed, so that both are forbidden to him, he gives a bill of divorce to this one and a bill of divorce to that one due to the uncertainty. If the man who had betrothed one of these women died before he could give a bill of divorce, and he had one brother, that brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, but he may not take either in levirate marriage. This is because he does not know which woman is his yevama and which is forbidden to him as the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. If the man who betrothed one of these women had two brothers, one of them performs ḥalitza with one of the sisters, but he may not enter into levirate marriage with her due to the possibility that she is the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. And one takes the other in levirate marriage if he so desires. If the two brothers married the two sisters before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from their marriage and they are permitted to remain married. The couple who performed levirate marriage second was even permitted to do so, since there was no longer any doubt about the levirate bond.",
+ "Furthermore, in the case of two unrelated men who betrothed two sisters: If this one does not know which sister he betrothed and that one does not know which sister he betrothed, this one gives two bills of divorce, one to each of the women, and that one gives two bills of divorce. If the two men died before they divorced, and this one had a brother and that one had a brother, then this brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, and that brother performs ḥalitza with both of them. If this one had one brother and that one had two brothers, the single brother performs ḥalitza with both of them, and of the two brothers, one performs ḥalitza and one performs levirate marriage if he so desires. If they married the sisters before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from the marriage and they are not told to divorce them. If this one had two brothers and that one had two brothers, the brother of this one performs ḥalitza with one sister, and the brother of that one performs ḥalitza with one sister. The brother of this one who performed ḥalitza may take the woman who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] of that other’s brother in levirate marriage, and the brother of that second one who performed ḥalitza may take the ḥalutza of that other’s brother in levirate marriage. If the two brothers performed ḥalitza with both wives before consulting the court, the two brothers of the second man may not take sisters in levirate marriage lest one marry the sister of a woman who with whom he had a levirate bond. Rather, one performs ḥalitza and one performs levirate marriage if he so desires. If they married their wives before consulting the court, the court does not remove them from the marriage.",
+ "It is a mitzva for the eldest to consummate the levirate marriage, i.e., the eldest takes precedence over the other brothers, though they too are obligated. But if the younger brother consummated the levirate marriage first, he acquires the yevama as his wife. One suspected by others of engaging in sexual relations with a Canaanite maidservant and she was later set free, or one suspected of relations with a gentile woman and she subsequently converted, may not marry that woman, since this will strengthen the suspicions against him. But if he did marry her, they, the judges of the court, do not remove her from him, i.e., they do not require him to divorce her. With regard to one who is suspected of illicit relations with a married woman and they, the judges of the court, removed her from her husband, i.e., required them to divorce due to this, even if the man suspected of the illicit relations subsequently married her, he must divorce her.",
+ "An agent who brought a bill of divorce from a country overseas and said: It was written in my presence and it was signed in my presence, as required in order to establish the bill of divorce as valid, may not marry the wife, i.e., the divorcée. Since the validity of the bill of divorce is based upon his testimony, marrying the divorcée creates the impression that he had an ulterior motive for his testimony. Similarly, a witness who testified that a certain man died, or testified: I killed him, or: We killed him, may not marry that man’s wife. Rabbi Yehuda says: If he testified: I killed him, his wife may not be married at all based on that evidence, as his testimony is unreliable, but if he said: We killed him, his wife may be married to anyone other than those witnesses.",
+ "A Sage who refused to release a woman from a vow that rendered the wife forbidden to her husband by that vow, resulting in her being divorced from her husband, may not marry her, so as to avoid suspicion that he rendered her forbidden to her husband in order to marry her himself. However, a judge before whom a woman performed refusal when she was a minor, declaring that she did not desire the husband chosen for her by her family, or before whom she performed ḥalitza, may marry her because he was only one member of the court, thereby alleviating suspicion. And for all of these who were involved in permitting the wife to remarry, i.e., the judge, the agent who brought a bill of divorce, and the one who testified for a woman that her husband died, if they had wives at the time of the ruling or the testimony and their wives died thereafter, then those women they had set free are permitted to be married to them. There is no concern that while their wives were still alive these individuals set their eyes upon another woman. And with regard to all of these women who were prohibited from marrying a certain man due to some suspicion, if they were subsequently married to others and then were divorced or widowed from the second husband, they are permitted to be married to them, i.e., to the judge, messenger, or witness who permitted her to remarry. And all of these women who were prohibited from marrying due to some suspicion are permitted to the sons or to the brothers of those who set them free."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of four brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters, and the ones married to the sisters died, then those sisters must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. Since both sisters require levirate marriage with each of the surviving brothers, a levirate bond exists between each sister and the brothers. Each of them is considered the sister of a woman with whom each brother has a levirate bond and is therefore forbidden to him by rabbinic law. And if they married the sisters before consulting the court, they should divorce them, for the Sages decreed that in this situation they may not remain married. Rabbi Eliezer says that there is a dispute in this matter: Beit Shammai say: He may maintain her as his wife, while Beit Hillel say: They must divorce them.",
+ "If one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition against forbidden relations because she was a relative of his wife or a relative on his mother’s side, then he is forbidden to marry her but permitted to marry her sister. Because she is his close relative, she is exempt from levirate marriage with him, and therefore she is not bound to him with a levirate bond. Consequently, her sister is not considered the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond, and he is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her. But the second brother, who is not a close relative of either sister, is forbidden to marry both of them. Indeed, for him each woman remains the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. If a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity will be transgressed when one of the women marries one of the brothers, then her sister must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is considered the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. In this case, the sister who is forbidden to the brother due to a mitzva or due to sanctity is bound to the brother for the purpose of ḥalitza.",
+ "If one of those women was forbidden to this one brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relations and the second woman was forbidden to that second brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relations, then she who is forbidden to this brother is permitted to that brother, and she who is forbidden to that brother is permitted to this one. And this is the case that was referred to when they said: When her sister is also her yevama, i.e., in a case where two sisters are also yevamot and therefore happened for levirate marriage before two brothers, she either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. This must be referring to a case where each sister is forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition concerning forbidden relatives. In this case, each sister has a levirate bond only with the one brother to whom she is permitted, and the prohibition against marrying the sister of a woman with whom one has a levirate bond does not apply. Therefore, each brother can either perform the act of ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage with the sister to whom he is not related.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to close relatives, e.g., two sisters; or a woman and her daughter; or a woman and her daughter’s daughter; or a woman and her son’s daughter, if the two brothers who were married to two close relatives died and their wives happened before a third brother for levirate marriage, then these two women must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as each of them is a relative of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. And Rabbi Shimon exempts them even from the obligation to perform ḥalitza. If one of them was forbidden to him, the third brother, due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, then he is prohibited from marrying her but is permitted to marry her sister. Because the woman who is forbidden to him is not considered to be a woman who requires him for levirate marriage, there is only one woman who happens before him for levirate marriage. However, if one of the women was forbidden due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity, then they must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. This is because these prohibitions do not completely cancel the levirate bond.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters, and one who was single, the following occurred: The husband of one of the sisters died childless, leaving behind his wife, and the single brother performed levirate betrothal [ma’amar] to this wife. The single brother performed an act of betrothal to the yevama but did not yet consummate the marriage by engaging in sexual intercourse. Afterward, the second brother died, and therefore the second brother’s wife, the sister of the betrothed, happened before the single brother for levirate marriage as well. In this case, Beit Shammai say: His wife remains with him. The woman he betrothed is considered like his wife, and he is not required to divorce her. And this other woman leaves the yavam and is exempt from levirate marriage as the sister of a wife. Beit Hillel say: Being as he had not yet entered into marriage with the first woman, he is required to perform levirate marriage with both women. Therefore, he divorces his wife, i.e., the woman to whom he performed levirate betrothal, with a bill of divorce, which nullifies levirate betrothal, and by ḥalitza, which nullifies the levirate bond. And, he sends away the wife of his second brother with ḥalitza as well. They comment: This is the case that was referred to when the Sages said: Woe unto him for his wife and woe unto him for the wife of his brother. Due to the combination of circumstances, he loses them both.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: The husband of one of the sisters died childless, and the brother who was married to the unrelated woman married, i.e., performed lev irate marriage with, the deceased brother’s wife and later died himself, childless. In this situation, both women happen for levirate marriage before the other, remaining, brother. The first woman is dismissed due to the prohibition proscribing the sister of one’s wife, as she is the sister of this brother’s wife, and the second woman is dismissed due to her status as the first woman’s rival wife. Following the first levirate marriage, this second woman became the rival wife of the sister, and is therefore exempt from levirate marriage as well. If, however, the brother married to the unrelated woman performed only levirate betrothal, but had not yet consummated the levirate marriage with the sister, and he died, the unrelated woman, whose halakhic status with regard to yibbum is similar to that of a sister’s rival wife, must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: One of the husbands of the sisters died, and he who was married to the unrelated woman married the deceased husband’s wife, and then the wife of the second brother, the other one of the sisters, died. Afterward, the brother who was married to the unrelated woman died, leaving two women for levirate marriage before the remaining brother: The unrelated woman and the woman who was previously prohibited as the sister of his deceased wife. In this case, the sister is forbidden to him forever. She is not forbidden due to her status as his wife’s sister, as his wife already died and one’s wife’s sister is permitted after the wife’s death. However, since she was already forbidden to him at one time, she is forbidden to him forever. When she first happened before the brothers for levirate marriage, before the third brother married her, she was forbidden to the second brother as his wife’s sister. Therefore, she is forbidden to him forever. In addition, she exempts her rival wife, the unrelated woman, from levirate marriage.",
+ "In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters and one who was married to an unrelated woman, the following occurred: Shimon, the husband of one of the sisters, divorced his wife, and then Levi, who was married to the unrelated woman, died, and Shimon, the man who divorced his wife, married, i.e., performed levirate marriage with, her, i.e., this unrelated woman. And then Shimon himself later died, so that the unrelated woman happened for levirate marriage before Reuven, the third brother, who is married to the second sister. In this scenario, Reuven is allowed to consummate the levirate marriage with the unrelated woman. This is the case that was referred to when they said: And with regard to all those fifteen forbidden relatives who died or were divorced, their rival wives are permitted to enter into levirate marriage. This is because at the time that they happened before the yavam for levirate marriage they were no longer the rival wives of a forbidden relative. ",
+ "And if any of these fifteen women who are prohibited as forbidden relatives had undergone a betrothal or divorce whose status is uncertain with the deceased brother, then those women who were their rival wives must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage since they are possibly the rival wives of forbidden relatives. The mishna elaborates: How could there be a situation of uncertainty with regard to betrothal? If in the public domain he threw her an item for the purpose of betrothal and there were eight cubits between them, and the item was possibly closer to him and did not enter into her domain, and possibly closer to her, i.e., within four cubits of her, whereby she could acquire the object, this is a case of uncertainty with regard to betrothal. Uncertainty with regard to divorce occurs when, for instance, he wrote a bill of divorce in his handwriting but there are no signatures of witnesses on the document, or there are the signatures of witnesses on the document but there is no date written in it, or the date is written in it but there is only the signature of a single witness. Since there is doubt as to whether these three kinds of bills of divorce are valid, a woman who was divorced through them is only possibly divorced, and so this case is called uncertainty with regard to divorce.",
+ "In the case of three brothers who were married to three unrelated women, and one of the brothers died, the following occurred: The second brother performed levirate betrothal with the wife of the deceased brother and before he was able to consummate the levirate marriage he died as well, leaving behind two women who happen before the third brother for levirate marriage. Then those two women must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. As it is stated: “If brothers dwell together and one of them dies and he has no child, the wife of the dead man shall not be married outside of the family to one not of his kin; her brother-in-law will have intercourse with her” (Deuteronomy 25:5). This teaches that a woman eligible for levirate marriage is one who has one levirate relationship and not one who has a double levirate relationship. In this case, the wife of the first deceased brother requires levirate marriage due to both the marriage with her first husband as well as the levirate betrothal with the second brother. Rabbi Shimon says: He may consummate the levirate marriage with whichever woman he wishes and then perform ḥalitza with the second. In the case where two brothers were married to two sisters, and one of the brothers died, the widow at this point would be exempt from levirate marriage as the sister of his wife. And afterward the wife of the second brother died. Although the yevama is no longer the sister of his wife, this woman is nevertheless forbidden to him forever, since she had already been forbidden to him at one time.",
+ "In the case of two men who betrothed two women, and at the time that they entered the wedding canopy, after the betrothal, the men switched this wife with that wife and that one with this one, then these two men are liable for engaging in forbidden sexual relations with a married woman, since each of them had intercourse with his fellow’s wife. The act of betrothal is sufficient to prohibit a woman to all other men as a married woman. Therefore, when the women were switched, both men transgressed this violation. And if they were brothers, then they are also liable for forbidden sexual relations with a brother’s wife. And if these women were sisters, then they are liable for taking a wife and her sister as well. And if they were menstruating women, they would be liable for intercourse with a menstruating woman as well. And following these forbidden sexual relations, we separate these women from their husbands for three months, lest they were impregnated by that forbidden act of intercourse. Doing so makes it possible to distinguish a child born of these relations, so that he could be rendered a mamzer. And if they were female minors and unable to bear children, then we immediately return them to their original husbands. And if they were daughters of priests, they are thereby disqualified from eating of teruma. By engaging in illicit sexual acts, they were rendered forbidden to priests and disqualified from eating teruma."
+ ],
+ [
+ "When a man who has a brother dies childless, his widow [yevama] and one of his brothers [yavam] may perform a ritual through which she is freed of her levirate bonds [ḥalitza]. It is then considered, with regard to forbidden relationships, as though they had been married and divorced. Therefore, he is forbidden to her relatives, and she to his. However, with regard to one who performs ḥalitza with his yevama and then she is found to have been pregnant at the time of the ḥalitza and she gave birth, in the event that the offspring is viable, the deceased husband has been survived by offspring and so there was never any levirate bond; consequently, the ḥalitza that was performed was entirely unnecessary and a meaningless act. As such, he remains permitted to her relatives and she remains permitted to his relatives. Furthermore, since the ḥalitza was meaningless, she is not afforded the status of a ḥalutza, i.e., a yevama who performed ḥalitza, a status akin to that of a divorcée. Therefore, the ḥalitza does not disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. If the offspring is not viable, then it emerges that the ḥalitza was indeed necessary. Therefore, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her relatives and she is forbidden to engage in relations with his relatives, as though they had been married and divorced, and the ḥalitza disqualifies her from marrying into the priesthood, as she is afforded the status of a ḥalutza.",
+ "With regard to one who consummates the levirate marriage with his yevama, i.e., he had intercourse with her under the assumption that there is a levirate bond and so there is a mitzva to do so, and then she is found to have been pregnant at the time of the intercourse and she gave birth, in the event that the offspring is viable the deceased brother has been survived by offspring and it is evident that there was never any levirate bond. In that case, the relations they had, rather than being a mitzva, were a violation of the prohibition against engaging in relations with one’s brother’s wife. Therefore, the yavam must send her out, i.e., they must separate, as she is forbidden to him as his brother’s wife, and to atone for the forbidden relations that they had, they are each obligated to bring a sin-offering, as is the halakha for all who inadvertently transgress a prohibition that, when performed intentionally, is punishable by karet. And if the offspring is not viable, and therefore there was in fact a levirate bond, he may maintain her as his wife since his intercourse with her was a valid consummation of levirate marriage. If they consummated the levirate marriage and seven months later she gave birth, there is uncertainty whether the child is nine months old, i.e., counting from conception, and is the offspring of the first husband, and as such there was no levirate bond, or whether the child is only seven months old and is the offspring of the latter husband, i.e., the yavam, and not of the deceased, in which case there was a levirate bond. In that case, due to the possibility that she is forbidden to him as his brother’s wife, he must send her out. However, the lineage of the child is unflawed, since regardless of whether it was born of the first or second husband, there was no transgression involved in its conception. Furthermore, to atone for the possibility that they had forbidden relations they are both obligated to bring a guilt-offering for uncertainty, as is the halakha for anyone who is uncertain whether they inadvertently transgressed a prohibition that would require one to bring a sin-offering.",
+ "With regard to a widow waiting for her yavam to either consummate a levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza with her, i.e., a yevama, to whom property was bequeathed: Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel both agree that she may sell or give away that property ab initio, and that if she did, the transfer is valid. Since she has only a levirate bond with the yavam, she retains total control of the property. This is in contrast to a betrothed woman, concerning whom Beit Hillel rule that she may not sell such property because her betrothed also has rights to it (Ketubot 78a). If she died, what should be done with the money assured to her in her marriage contract by her deceased husband and with her property that enters and leaves the marriage with her, in which a husband only ever has a usufructuary interest? Beit Shammai say: The husband’s heirs, i.e., the yavam, who stands to inherit from the husband when he consummates the levirate marriage, should divide up the property together with her father’s heirs, i.e., the woman’s family. And Beit Hillel say: The property retains its previous ownership status. Therefore, money assured to her in her marriage contract remains in the possession of the husband’s heirs. Since it was to be paid from the husband’s own property, the money is retained by his estate and passes to his heirs. And her property that enters and leaves the marriage with her remains in the possession of the father’s heirs. Since those properties belonged to her, upon her death they are inherited by her father or his heirs.",
+ "If the yavam consummated the levirate marriage with her, then her legal status is that of his wife in every sense, and therefore the yavam has the same rights to her property as in a regular marriage. And the only exception to this is that her marriage contract will still be payable from the property of her first husband and not from the property of the yavam.",
+ "The mitzva of levirate marriage is for the eldest of the brothers to consummate the levirate marriage. If the eldest does not want to do so, the court goes to each of the other brothers and requires them to do so. If they do not want to do so, the court returns to the eldest brother and says to him: The mitzva is incumbent upon you; either perform ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage.",
+ "If a brother made his decision dependent upon the possibility that one of his other brothers will eventually consummate the levirate marriage, saying that he will do so only if they do not, then whether he makes it dependent upon a brother who is currently a minor, meaning that the yevama should wait until he matures, or upon his eldest brother, who is not currently present, meaning the yevama should wait until he comes from overseas, or upon a brother who is a deaf-mute or an imbecile, as perhaps they will recover from their disability, the court does not listen to him; rather, the judges of the court say to him: The mitzva is incumbent upon you; either perform ḥalitza or consummate the levirate marriage.",
+ "One who performs ḥalitza with his yevama is like any one of the other brothers with respect to the inheritance of the deceased brother’s estate, i.e., each of the brothers takes an equal share of the inheritance. And if there is a father of the deceased, who is still alive, the property of the deceased belongs to the father. One who consummates levirate marriage with his yevama thereby acquires his deceased brother’s property solely for himself. Rabbi Yehuda says: In either case, whether he consummated the levirate marriage or performed ḥalitza, if there is a father who is still alive, the property belongs to the father. In the case of one who performs ḥalitza with his yevama, by rabbinic decree it is as though she had been married to him and then he divorced her. Consequently, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her relatives and she is forbidden to engage in relations with his relatives. Accordingly, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her mother, and with her mother’s mother, and with her father’s mother, and with her daughter, and with her daughter’s daughter, and with her son’s daughter, and with her sister while his yevama is still alive. However, the other brothers who did not perform ḥalitza are permitted to her relatives. And she is forbidden to engage in relations with his father, and with his father’s father, and with his son, and with his son’s son, and with his brother, and with his brother’s son. The mishna states an additional principle: A man is permitted to engage in relations with a relative of a rival wife of his ḥalutza, i.e., his yevama with whom he performed ḥalitza. Since he did not perform ḥalitza with her, she is not regarded as though she had actually been married to him. However, he is forbidden to engage in relations with a rival wife of a relative of his ḥalutza, i.e., in addition to being forbidden to the relatives of his ḥalutza, he is also forbidden to their rival wives.",
+ "In the case of a yavam who performed ḥalitza with his yevama and then his brother married her sister and died, the sister performs ḥalitza with the yavam, but she may not enter into levirate marriage with him, since as a sister of his ḥalutza she is forbidden to him. And similarly, in the case of one who divorced his wife and his brother married her sister and died, then that woman is exempt both from ḥalitza and from consummating levirate marriage, since as the sister of his former wife she is forbidden to him.",
+ "In the case of a widow waiting for her yavam to consummate levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza with her, and the brother of the yavam betrothed her sister, they said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira: They say to the brother: Wait and do not marry the woman you betrothed until your brother performs an act, either of ḥalitza or of consummating the levirate marriage, as until he does there remains a levirate bond between the yevama and each of the brothers, and it is prohibited to marry the sister of a woman to whom one is bound by a levirate bond. If a brother of the one who betrothed the sister of the yevama performed ḥalitza with the yevama or consummated a levirate marriage with her, since by doing so the levirate bond between the yevama and the one who betrothed her sister is dissolved, he may then enter into marriage with his wife, who until that point was only betrothed to him, as she is no longer the sister of a woman to whom he is bound by a levirate bond. Similarly, if the yevama died, since his levirate bond to her is dissolved upon her death, he may proceed to enter into marriage with his betrothed wife. However, if the yavam died without performing an act that would have dissolved the levirate bond, he must divorce his wife with a bill of divorce, as she is forbidden to him as the sister of a woman to whom he is bound by a levirate bond, and his brother’s wife he must send out with ḥalitza, as she is forbidden to him as the sister of his divorcée.",
+ "A yevama may neither perform ḥalitza nor enter into levirate marriage until she has waited three months from the time of her husband’s death. And similarly, all other women may not be betrothed and may not marry until they have waited three months since their previous marriage ended. This waiting period is necessary so that, should a woman give birth shortly after remarrying, it will be obvious who the father of the child is. This applies both to virgins and non-virgins, both to divorcées and widows, and both to women who were married to their previous husbands and women who were only betrothed. All of these women must wait three months before remarrying even though for some of them the reason for doing so does not apply. Rabbi Yehuda says: The women who were married to their previous husbands may be betrothed, and the women who were only betrothed to their previous husbands may marry without waiting three months. This is true except for the betrothed women that are in the area of Judea, due to the fact that the groom is familiar with her. The custom in Judea was for the couple to be secluded together before the marriage so that they would become familiar with each other. This led to the possibility that they might cohabit even during their betrothal period. Rabbi Yehuda holds that one does not need to wait three months whenever the reason for doing so does not apply. Rabbi Yosei says: All of the women may be betrothed within three months even if they were previously married, except for a widow, due to the mourning period she must observe for her deceased husband.",
+ "In a case of four brothers married to four women and some of the brothers died childless, their wives thereby become yevamot. If the eldest of the brothers who survived wished to consummate the levirate marriage with all of his yevamot, he has permission to do so. In the case of one who was married to two women and died childless, the intercourse or ḥalitza of either one of the wives with the yavam releases her rival wife from the levirate bond, and the rival wife need not enter into levirate marriage or perform ḥalitza. If one of these women was fit to marry into the priesthood and one was unfit, then if he performs ḥalitza, he should perform ḥalitza with the unfit woman rather than with the one who is fit for the priesthood, since doing so with the woman who is fit would needlessly disqualify her from marrying into the priesthood. But if he consummates the levirate marriage, he may consummate the levirate marriage with the one who is fit.",
+ "With regard to one who remarries his divorcée after she had been married to another man from whom she was then widowed or divorced, or one who marries the woman with whom he performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza], or one who marries a relative of his ḥalutza, since all such marriages are forbidden he must divorce her, and the offspring born from such unions is a mamzer; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. He holds that even the offspring from relations forbidden by a prohibition punishable by lashes is a mamzer. The Rabbis say: The offspring in those cases is not a mamzer, but they concede with regard to one who marries a relative of his divorcée, a union forbidden by a prohibition entailing karet, that the offspring is a mamzer. They hold that only the offspring from relations forbidden by a prohibition entailing karet is a mamzer.",
+ "Which offspring of forbidden relations have the status of a mamzer? It is the offspring of a union with any next of kin that is subject to a Torah prohibition that he should not engage in sexual relations with them; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Shimon HaTimni says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive karet at the hand of Heaven. And the halakha is in accordance with his statement. Rabbi Yehoshua says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I found a scroll recording people’s lineages in Jerusalem, and it was written in it that so-and-so is a mamzer from an adulterous union with a married woman, a sin punishable by court-imposed capital punishment. The only reason for the scroll to state the reason that this individual is a mamzer is in order to support the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua. The mishna delineates the circumstances in which it is prohibited to engage in relations with the sister of one’s wife and the sister of one’s yevama: If a man’s wife died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced his wife and then she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. If his yevama died, he is permitted to her sister. If he performed ḥalitza with her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If after ḥalitza she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. The principle underlying all these cases is that the prohibition against engaging in relations with her sister only applies while the wife or yevama remain alive, irrespective of their current relationship to the man."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabban Gamliel says: A bill of divorce [get] is not effective when given after a bill of divorce was previously given to a yevama. Once a yevama receives a bill of divorce from a yavam, no bill of divorce given by that yavam to her rival wife or a bill of divorce given to her by a different yavam is of any effect. And levirate betrothal is not effective after a previous levirate betrothal was performed, and intercourse with a second yevama is not effective after intercourse with the first one, and ḥalitza is not effective after ḥalitza was previously performed. But the Rabbis say: A bill of divorce is effective when given after a bill of divorce, and levirate betrothal is effective after levirate betrothal, but nothing is effective after intercourse or after ḥalitza. If a yavam has relations with the yevama or performs ḥalitza with her, no other action performed afterward is effective, whether performed by that yavam toward a different yevama or by any yavam with the original yevama.",
+ "The mishna elaborates: How do these laws work in practice? If a yavam performed levirate betrothal with his yevama, and he later gave her a bill of divorce, she nevertheless requires ḥalitza from him. The bill of divorce does not fully exempt her from levirate marriage, as the levirate bond remains intact. If he performed levirate betrothal and then ḥalitza, she requires a bill of divorce from him in order to cancel the levirate betrothal. If the yavam performed levirate betrothal and then engaged in intercourse with the yevama, this is the way to perform levirate marriage in accordance with its mitzva, as the Sages instituted this as the proper procedure for a yavam to perform levirate marriage.",
+ "If the yavam gave the yevama a bill of divorce and afterward performed levirate betrothal with her, she requires another bill of divorce to cancel the levirate betrothal, as well as ḥalitza to nullify the levirate bond. If he gave her a bill of divorce and then engaged in intercourse with her, she requires a bill of divorce to cancel the betrothal that took place via intercourse, and ḥalitza to nullify the levirate bond; the intercourse did not affect the levirate bond because once he gave her a bill of divorce she was forbidden to him. If he gave her a bill of divorce and performed ḥalitza, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, as the levirate bond was completely nullified. Similarly, if he performed ḥalitza with her and then either performed levirate betrothal, or gave a bill of divorce, or engaged in intercourse with her; alternatively, if he engaged in intercourse with her and then either performed levirate betrothal, or gave a bill of divorce, or performed ḥalitza after they engaged in relations, nothing is effective after ḥalitza or intercourse. Any action performed afterward is unrelated to the levirate bond. The above principles apply both in cases of one yevama to one yavam, as well as in cases of two yevamot to one yavam. ",
+ "How so? If he performed levirate betrothal with this yevama and levirate betrothal with that one, i.e., her rival wife, they require two bills of divorce, each for her own levirate betrothal, and ḥalitza with one of them, to release them both from the levirate bond. If he performed levirate betrothal with this one and gave a bill of divorce to that one, the first woman requires a bill of divorce to cancel the levirate betrothal, and one of them must receive ḥalitza. If he performed levirate betrothal with this one and engaged in intercourse with that one, they require two bills of divorce and he must perform ḥalitza with one of them. If the yavam performed levirate betrothal with this one and performed ḥalitza with that one, the first woman requires a bill of divorce. If the yavam gave a bill of divorce to this yevama and a bill of divorce to that one, they require ḥalitza from him. If he gave a bill of divorce to this one and engaged in intercourse with that one, the latter requires a bill of divorce and ḥalitza. If he gave a bill of divorce to this one and performed levirate betrothal with that one, the latter requires a bill of divorce and he must perform ḥalitza with one of them. If the yavam gave a bill of divorce to this woman and performed ḥalitza with that one, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, and he cannot betroth the rival wife.",
+ "If he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then performed ḥalitza with a second yevama, or he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or engage in intercourse with a second; alternatively, he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and engaged in intercourse with the second yevama, or he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or perform ḥalitza with the second, nothing is effective after ḥalitza or intercourse. These halakhot apply both in cases of one yavam to two yevamot, as well as two yevamin to one yevama.",
+ "If he performed ḥalitza with one yevama and then proceeded to either perform levirate betrothal, give a bill of divorce, or engage in intercourse with a second yevama; alternatively, he engaged in intercourse with one yevama and then proceeded to perform levirate betrothal, or give a bill of divorce, or perform ḥalitza with a second yevama, nothing is effective after ḥalitza, whether the ḥalitza took place at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. All of these halakhot accord with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva, who maintains betrothal does not take effect on a woman who is forbidden due to the prohibition against betrothing a yevama after ḥalitza. But with regard to intercourse, when it is at the beginning, i.e., the first act the yavam performed with his yevama, nothing is effective after it and any subsequent action is void. However, if it was performed in the middle, and similarly if it was performed at the end, i.e., after some other action that impairs the validity of his intercourse, something is effective after it. Rabbi Neḥemya says: Both with regard to intercourse and ḥalitza, whether performed at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end, nothing is effective after it. If the yavam performed a valid action according to Torah law, any subsequent action is of no consequence according to halakha."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who had intercourse with his yevama, whether unwittingly, i.e., he thought he was having intercourse with someone else, or intentionally, i.e., he knew she was his yevama and nevertheless had intercourse with her without intent to perform levirate marriage; whether due to coercion or willingly; even if he was unwitting and her participation was intentional, his participation was intentional and she was unwitting, he was coerced and she was not coerced, or she was coerced and he was not coerced; both one who merely engages in the initial stage of intercourse and one who completes the act of intercourse has thereby acquired his yevama. And similarly, the Torah did not distinguish between an act of intercourse in an atypical manner, i.e., anal intercourse, and intercourse in a typical manner.",
+ "And so too, with regard to a man who had intercourse with any one of those with whom relations are forbidden [arayot] by the Torah or with those who are unfit for him even though they are not in the category of arayot, for example, a widow with a High Priest; a divorcée and a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] with a common priest; a mamzeret, i.e., a woman born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship, or a Gibeonite woman with an Israelite; the daughter of an Israelite with a mamzer or a Gibeonite; he has disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood through this act no matter how it was performed, and the Torah did not distinguish between the act of intercourse in an atypical manner, i.e., anal intercourse, and intercourse in a typical manner.",
+ "A widow to a High Priest, a divorcée, or a ḥalutza to a common priest, even if they had only engaged in betrothal and had not yet had intercourse, may not partake of teruma. Since they are forbidden to the men who betrothed them, the betrothal itself disqualifies them from the privileges of priesthood even if they are the daughters of priests. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon declare them fit to partake of teruma. Since the prohibition is violated through the act of intercourse and not betrothal, the women are disqualified only once they have intercourse. In a case where these women were widowed or divorced, if it was from marriage, they are disqualified from the priesthood and may not partake of teruma. This is because a woman prohibited from marrying a priest who has intercourse with a priest becomes a ḥalala, and is thereby disqualified from partaking of teruma. However, if they were widowed or divorced from their state of betrothal, they are once again fit to partake of teruma according to all opinions.",
+ "A High Priest may not marry a widow, whether she is a widow from betrothal or a widow from marriage. And he may not marry a grown woman. He may marry only a minor or a young woman. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon declare a grown woman fit to marry a High Priest. And he may not marry a woman whose hymen was torn accidentally. If a priest betrothed a widow and was subsequently appointed to be High Priest, he may marry her. And there was an incident with Yehoshua ben Gamla, who betrothed Marta bat Baitos, a widow, and the king subsequently appointed him to be High Priest, and he nevertheless married her. Conversely, in the case of a widow waiting for her yavam who happened before a common priest, i.e., the priest was her yavam, and he was subsequently appointed to be High Priest, then even if he had already performed levirate betrothal with her, he may not marry her, because she is a widow. A High Priest whose brother died without children performs ḥalitza and he does not perform levirate marriage, as he may not marry a widow.",
+ "A common priest may not marry a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], who is incapable of bearing children, unless he already has a wife and children. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even if he has a wife and children, he may not marry a sexually underdeveloped woman, as she is the zona about whom it is stated in the Torah that a priest may not marry her. Intercourse with her is considered a licentious act because she is incapable of bearing children. And the Rabbis say: The only women in the category of zona, who are therefore forbidden to a priest, are a female convert, a freed maidservant, and any woman who engaged in licentious sexual intercourse with a man she is prohibited from marrying.",
+ "A man may not neglect the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply unless he already has children. Beit Shammai say: One fulfills this mitzva with two males, and Beit Hillel say: A male and a female, as it is stated: “Male and female He created them” (Genesis 5:2). If a man married a woman and stayed with her for ten years and she did not give birth, he is no longer permitted to neglect the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply. Consequently, he must either divorce her and marry someone else, or take another wife while still married to her. If he divorced her she is permitted to marry another man, as it is not necessarily on her account that she and her first husband did not have children, and the second husband is permitted to stay with her for ten years. And if she had a miscarriage, he counts the ten years from the time of the miscarriage. A man is commanded with regard to the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply, but not a woman. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says that a woman is also commanded, as the verse states with regard to both of them: “And God blessed them, and God said to them: Be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 1:28)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A widow married to a High Priest, and a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] married to a common priest are all unions prohibited by Torah law. If one of these women brought with her into the marriage slaves of usufruct [melog] property or slaves of guaranteed investment, then the slaves of usufruct property do not partake of teruma but the slaves of guaranteed investment do partake of teruma. And these are slaves of usufruct property: They are those with regard to whom the couple stipulated that if the slaves die, their death is her loss, and if they increase in value, their increase is her gain. Although the husband is obligated in their sustenance, they do not partake of teruma, as they belong to her, not to him. He owns only the right of their use while he is married to her. And these are slaves of guaranteed investment: They are those with regard to whom the couple stipulated that if they die, their death is his loss, and if they increase in value, their increase is his gain. Since he bears financial responsibility for compensating her in the event of their loss, they partake of teruma, as they are considered his property.",
+ "In the case of an Israelite woman who married a priest in a halakhic marriage and who brought slaves with her into the marriage, whether they are slaves of usufruct property or slaves of guaranteed investment, they partake of teruma. And in the case of the daughter of a priest who married an Israelite and who brought slaves with her into the marriage, whether they are slaves of usufruct property or slaves of guaranteed investment, they do not partake of teruma, although, as she is the daughter of a priest, it is permitted for her and her slaves to partake of teruma beforehand.",
+ "With regard to an Israelite woman who married a priest and he died and left her pregnant, her slaves of guaranteed investment may not partake of teruma during her pregnancy, due to the share of the fetus, as an inheritor of his father, in the ownership of the slaves. In the opposite case, where the Israelite husband of a priest’s daughter died and left her pregnant, the fetus disqualifies her from partaking of teruma. However, in the current case, the fetus does not enable its mother or the slaves to partake of teruma, despite the fact that it is the child of a priest. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei. The Rabbis said to him: Since you testified before us about the case of an Israelite woman who was married to a priest, in the case of the daughter of a priest who was married to a priest and he died and left her pregnant, her slaves should not partake of teruma either, due to the fetus’s share. The same halakha should apply whether the woman is an Israelite or the daughter of a priest.",
+ "With regard to the fetus of a divorcée or a widow whose husband left her pregnant; and a man whose married brother died childless [yavam]; and betrothal; and a married deaf-mute; and a nine-year-and-one-day-old boy who engaged in intercourse with a woman; if any of these men are Israelites and the woman is the daughter of a priest, they disqualify her from partaking of teruma. But if she is an Israelite and they are priests, they do not enable her to partake of teruma. Likewise, in the case of a boy with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he is nine years and one day old and uncertainty whether he is not, who engaged in intercourse with a woman; and in the case of a boy who betrothed a woman, with regard to whom there is uncertainty as to whether he has grown two pubic hairs and is considered an adult and uncertainty whether he has not grown, they too can disqualify the woman from partaking of teruma and cannot enable her to partake, as in the previous cases. If the house fell upon a man and upon his brother’s daughter, to whom he was married, and it is unknown which of them died first, her rival wife performs ḥalitza and does not enter into levirate marriage. Entering into levirate marriage is not possible, as, if the wife died after her husband, the surviving wife would be rendered the rival wife of a forbidden relative, since the yavam is the father of the wife who died. This status prevents the creation of a levirate bond between him and the surviving wife as well. On the other hand, ḥalitza is necessary in case the wife died before her husband, thereby allowing the creation of a levirate bond between her rival wife and her father, the yavam.",
+ "In the case of one who rapes a woman without marrying her; or one who seduces a woman without marrying her; or an imbecile who engages in intercourse with a woman, even if he did marry her, if they are non-priests they do not disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma, and if they are priests they do not enable an Israelite woman to partake of teruma. And if they are not fit to enter the assembly of Israel through marriage, they disqualify the daughter of a priest from partaking of teruma. How so? If it was an Israelite who engaged in extramarital intercourse with the daughter of a priest, she may partake of teruma, as this act of intercourse does not disqualify her. If he impregnated her, she may not partake of teruma, as she is carrying an Israelite fetus. If the fetus was cut in her womb, i.e., she miscarried, she may partake of teruma. If the man was a priest who engaged in intercourse with an Israelite woman, she may not partake of teruma. If he impregnated her, she still may not partake of teruma, as a fetus does not enable its mother to partake. If she gave birth she may partake due to her child, a priest. It is therefore found in this case that the power of the son is greater than that of the father, as the father of this child does not enable the woman to partake of teruma, but the son does. A slave disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma due to his engaging in intercourse with her, and he does not disqualify a woman because he is her offspring. How so? In what case would a slave theoretically disqualify a woman because he is her offspring? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite; and she a bore him a son; and the son went and pressed himself onto a maidservant, an epithet for intercourse used in this context due to the shame involved in having intercourse with a maidservant; and she bore him a son, then this son is a slave. If the latter’s father’s mother was an Israelite who was married to a priest, and her husband died, she may not partake of teruma due to her grandson, as he is not a priest but a slave. On the other hand, if she was the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, and he died, leaving only this grandson, she may partake of teruma, as the grandson is not considered his father’s offspring. A mamzer disqualifies a woman from partaking of teruma, and he also enables a woman to partake of teruma. How so? If an Israelite woman was married to a priest, or the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a slave or a gentile and bore him a son, this son is a mamzer. If his mother’s mother was an Israelite woman married to a priest, even if her husband died, she may partake of teruma, as she has surviving offspring from a priest. Conversely, if she is the daughter of a priest married to an Israelite, she may not partake of teruma, even after her Israelite husband’s death, as she has offspring from him.",
+ "Even with regard to a High Priest, sometimes he disqualifies his grandmother from partaking of teruma. How so? If the daughter of a priest was married to an Israelite, and she bore him a daughter, and the daughter went and married a priest and bore him a son, this son is fit to be a High Priest, who stands and serves on the altar. This son enables his mother to partake of teruma, as he is a priest. And yet, he disqualifies his mother’s mother from partaking of teruma, as he is her offspring from her Israelite husband. This grandmother can say in disapproval: Let there not be many like my daughter’s son, the High Priest, as he disqualifies me from partaking of teruma."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An uncircumcised priest, e.g., one for whom circumcision was considered too dangerous, and all those who are ritually impure with any type of impurity, may not partake of teruma, the portion of produce that must be set aside for the priests. However, their wives and their slaves may partake of teruma. With regard to both a man with crushed testicles or with other wounds to his genitals [petzua dakka] and one whose penis has been severed [kerut shofkha], it is prohibited for them to marry a woman who was born Jewish. If they are priests they and their slaves may partake of teruma, as this condition does not disqualify them or their property. However, their wives may not partake of teruma, because if a priest has relations with his wife after suffering his injury, he renders her a ḥalala, a woman who is disqualified from marrying a priest, as he has engaged in forbidden sexual relations with her. If such a priest did not know his wife, i.e., did not engage in sexual relations with her, after his testicles were crushed or his penis was severed, she may partake of teruma, as she had married the priest in a permitted manner.",
+ "And who is deemed a man with crushed testicles? It is anyone whose testicles have been wounded, even one of them. And one whose penis has been severed is anyone whose sexual member has been cut off. As for the measure that renders him unfit, if there remains a portion of the corona, even as much as a hairsbreadth, he is still fit. However, if nothing at all is left of the corona, he is considered as one with a severed penis, for whom it is prohibited by Torah law to marry a Jewish woman. A man with crushed testicles or with other wounds to his genitals and one whose penis has been severed are permitted to marry a female convert or an emancipated maidservant, and they are prohibited only from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish, as it is stated: “A man wounded with crushed testicles or a severed penis shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 23:2).",
+ "Ammonite and Moabite converts are prohibited from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish, and their prohibition is eternal, for all generations. However, their female counterparts, even the convert herself, are permitted immediately. Egyptian and Edomite converts are prohibited from entering into the congregation only for three generations, both males and females. Rabbi Shimon renders permitted Egyptian and Edomite females immediately. Rabbi Shimon said: The matter may be derived by way of an a fortiori inference: If in a place where the Torah rendered prohibited the males with an eternal prohibition, i.e., Ammonites and Moabites, it rendered permitted the females immediately, then in a place where it rendered prohibited the males for only three generations, i.e., Egyptians and Edomites, is it not right that we should render permitted the females immediately? Rabbi Shimon’s colleagues said to him: If you are reporting a halakha that you received from your teachers, we will accept it from you. But if you merely wish to prove your case with an a fortiori inference based on your own reasoning, there is a refutation of your argument. Rabbi Shimon said to them: That is not so. I disagree with your claim that the a fortiori inference can be refuted, but in any case I am stating a halakha handed down to me by my teachers. Mamzerim and the Gibeonites who converted to Judaism in the days of Joshua are prohibited from entering into the congregation and marrying a woman who was born Jewish. Their prohibition is eternal, for all generations, and it applies to both males and females.",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua said: I heard two rulings from my teachers. One ruling is that a eunuch performs ḥalitza with his yevama, and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife, and the other ruling is that a eunuch does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama, and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife. And I cannot explain these two rulings, as I do not remember the circumstances to which each ruling applies. Rabbi Akiva said: I will explain. A eunuch caused by man, i.e., one who became emasculated after birth, performs ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife, because he had an hour of fitness, a time when he was fertile. On the other hand, a eunuch by natural causes, i.e., who was entirely lacking in sexual capacity from birth, does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife, because he did not have an hour of fitness, as he never had the potential to father children. Rabbi Eliezer says: No; rather, the opposite is the case: A eunuch by natural causes performs ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers perform ḥalitza with his wife because he can be cured, whereas a eunuch caused by man does not perform ḥalitza with his yevama and his brothers do not perform ḥalitza with his wife because he cannot be cured. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Beteira testified about a man named ben Megusat, who lived in Jerusalem and was a eunuch caused by man, that his brothers nevertheless entered into levirate marriage with his wife, in order to fulfill and confirm the statement of Rabbi Akiva.",
+ "A sexually underdeveloped man does not perform ḥalitza or enter into levirate marriage with his yevama. And similarly, a sexually underdeveloped woman [aylonit], who is incapable of bearing children, does not perform ḥalitza or enter into levirate marriage with her yavam. If a sexually underdeveloped man performed ḥalitza with his yevama, he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood, as his ḥalitza is invalid. However, if he had intercourse with her, he has disqualified her. This is because it is considered licentious sexual intercourse, since such intercourse does not fulfill the mitzva of levirate marriage and is therefore categorized as forbidden relations with one’s sister-in-law. And similarly, with regard to a sexually underdeveloped woman, if one of the brothers performed ḥalitza with her he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. However, if he had intercourse with her, he has disqualified her because the intercourse is considered licentious sexual intercourse.",
+ "If a priest who is a eunuch by natural causes married an Israelite woman, he enables her to eat teruma. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say: If a priest who is a hermaphrodite, possessing both male and female genitals, married an Israelite woman, he enables her to eat teruma. Rabbi Yehuda says: If a tumtum, whose external sexual organs are indeterminate, was torn open so that his genitals were exposed, and he was found to be a male, he must not perform ḥalitza, because he is treated like a eunuch. A hermaphrodite may marry a woman but he may not be married by a man, as he is considered a man. Rabbi Eliezer says: If one had intercourse with a hermaphrodite, he is liable to receive the punishment of stoning on his account as if he had had relations with a male."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are women who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin, while others are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands. Certain women are permitted both to these and to those, and others are forbidden to both these and to those. The mishna elaborates: And these are cases of women who are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin: In the case of a common priest who married a widow, and he has a brother who is the High Priest, the widow, who was permitted to her husband, is forbidden to her yavam, as it is prohibited for the High Priest to marry a widow. The same is true in the case of a priest disqualified due to flawed lineage [ḥalal], e.g., the son of a priest and a divorcée, who married a woman fit to marry a priest, and he has a brother who is a priest fit for service. That woman was permitted to marry the ḥalal but is forbidden to his brother. Having engaged in intercourse with the ḥalal, she is rendered a ḥalala, a woman disqualified from marrying a priest. Another example is the case of an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married an Israelite woman of similar lineage, and he has a brother who is a son born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzer]; or a mamzer who married a daughter born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship [mamzeret], and he has a brother who is an Israelite of unflawed lineage. A mamzer is permitted to marry a mamzeret, but neither is per-mitted to a Jew of unflawed lineage. In each of these cases, these women are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their yevamin.",
+ "And these are cases of women who are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands: For example, there is the case of a High Priest who betrothed a widow, and he has a brother who is a common priest, whom she is permitted to marry. This is true only if the High Priest merely betrothed her. However, if he consummated the marriage, he rendered her a ḥalala forbidden to all priests, including her yavam. The additional cases are a priest fit for service who married a ḥalala and he has a brother who is a ḥalal; an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married a mamzeret, and he has a brother who is a mamzer; and a mamzer who married an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage, and he has a brother who is, similarly, an Israelite of unflawed lineage. All of these women are permitted to their yevamin and forbidden to their husbands. And these are cases where women are forbidden both to these and to those: A High Priest who married a widow, and he has a brother who is a High Priest or a common priest; a priest fit for service who married a ḥalala, and he has a brother who is a priest fit for service; an Israelite of unflawed lineage who married a mamzeret, and he has a brother who is similarly an ordinary Israelite, or a mamzer who married an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage, and he has a brother who is a mamzer. All of these women are forbidden both to these and to those. And all other women are permitted to their husbands and to their yevamin.",
+ "With regard to secondary relatives, who are forbidden by rabbinic law, if the woman is a secondary relative to the husband but not a secondary relative to the yavam, she is forbidden to the husband and permitted to the yavam. Conversely, if she is a secondary relative to the yavam but not a secondary relative to the husband, she is forbidden to the yavam and permitted to the husband. If she is a secondary relative both to this man and to that man, she is forbidden to this one and to that one. Furthermore, if a man marries a woman forbidden to him as a secondary relative, she does not have the right to receive payment for her marriage contract if divorced or widowed, nor is she entitled to payment from her husband for the produce of her property that he used, nor is she entitled to provisions for her sustenance from his estate, nor does she get back her worn clothes or other objects she brought with her to her marriage. And the lineage of the offspring is unflawed, and the court forces him to divorce her. In contrast, a widow married to a High Priest, a divorcée or a yevama who performed ḥalitza [ḥalutza] married to a common priest, a mamzeret or a Gibeonite woman married to an Israelite of unflawed lineage, and an Israelite woman of unflawed lineage married to a Gibeonite or to a mamzer all have the right to receive payment for their marriage contract, although it was prohibited for them to marry.",
+ "If there is an Israelite woman betrothed to a priest or pregnant from a priest, and he died; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a priest; and similarly, the daughter of a priest who is betrothed, pregnant from, or is a widow waiting for her yavam, who is an Israelite, she may not partake of teruma. If there is an Israelite woman betrothed to a Levite or pregnant from a Levite; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a Levite; and similarly the daughter of a Levite who is betrothed, pregnant from, or a widow waiting for her yavam, who is an Israelite, she may not partake of tithes. If there is a daughter of a Levite betrothed to a priest or pregnant from a priest; and a widow awaiting her yavam, who is a priest; and similarly a daughter of a priest who is betrothed to or pregnant from a Levite, or is a widow waiting for her yavam, who is a Levite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithes. This follows the halakha that betrothal, pregnancy, and waiting for a yavam disqualify the daughter of a priest from eating teruma, but they do not enable an Israelite woman to partake of teruma.",
+ "An Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she has a child from him, she may continue to partake of teruma. If she subsequently married a Levite, she may no longer partake of teruma but she may partake of the first tithe on his account. If he, too, died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of tithe on account of the child. If she then married an Israelite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her Israelite husband died and she had a child from him, she still may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her child from the Israelite also died, while her son from the Levite remained alive, she may partake of tithe on account of the Levite’s child. If her child from the Levite died, leaving her with a son from the priest, she may once again partake of teruma. If her child from the priest died as well, she may no longer partake of either teruma or tithe.",
+ "The daughter of a priest married to an Israelite may not partake of teruma. If the Israelite died and she has a son from him, she may not partake of teruma as long as that son is alive. If she subsequently married a Levite she may partake of tithe. If he died, and she had a son from him, she may still partake of tithe. If she subsequently married a priest, she may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she had a son from him, she may partake of teruma. If her son from the priest also died, she may not partake of teruma, but she may partake of tithe, as she has a son from a Levite. If her son from the Levite died, she may no longer partake of tithe. If her son from the Israelite died, she returns to her father’s house and may once again partake of teruma. And with regard to this woman, it is stated: “And she is returned unto her father’s house, as in her youth; she may eat of her father’s bread” (Leviticus 22:13)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a woman whose husband went overseas, and witnesses came and they said to her: Your husband is dead, and she married another man on the basis of this testimony, and afterward her husband came back from out of the country, she must leave both this man and that one, as they are both forbidden to her. And she requires a bill of divorce from this one and that one. And furthermore, she has a claim to neither payment of her marriage contract, nor the profits of her property used by either of them, nor sustenance, nor the worn clothes she brought to the marriage. She has rights to these claims neither against this man nor against that one, i.e., she cannot collect these payments from either her first or second husband. And if she took any of these items from this man or from that one, she must return them to him. And the offspring is a mamzer from this one and from that one. Her child from the second husband is a definite mamzer, as she was never divorced from her first husband, and the Sages decreed that if she returned to her first husband, a child born later from him is also a mamzer. And neither this man nor that man may become impure for her upon her death, if they are priests. And neither this one nor that one is entitled to the rights that stem from the marriage bond: Neither to her found articles, nor to her earnings, nor to the nullification of her vows. If she was a regular Israelite woman, she is disqualified from marrying into the priesthood, as her intercourse with the second husband is considered an act of illicit sexual relations, and the daughter of a Levite is disqualified from partaking of the first tithe, and the daughter of a priest is disqualified from partaking of teruma. And neither the heirs of this man nor the heirs of that one inherit her marriage contract, as she is not considered married to either of them. This clause will be explained in the Gemara. And if they both died childless, the brothers of this one and the brothers of this one must perform ḥalitza and they do not enter into levirate marriage. Rabbi Yosei disagrees with the first tanna and says that she does receive payment of her marriage contract, and the obligation of her marriage contract is upon the property of her first husband. Rabbi Elazar says: The first husband is entitled to her found articles, to her earnings, and to the nullification of her vows. Since her second marriage was an error, the first husband does not forfeit his rights. Rabbi Shimon says an even more far-reaching ruling: Her sexual relations or her ḥalitza with the brothers of the first husband exempts her rival wife, as it is considered a proper levirate marriage or ḥalitza, and certainly she does not require ḥalitza from the brother of the second husband. And if she returns to her first husband, the child from him is not a mamzer. All these halakhot refer to a situation when she married with the permission of the court, after hearing that her husband had died. But if she married without the consent of the court, basing herself entirely on the testimony she heard, and her husband returned, it is permitted for her to return to her first husband. The mishna adds another difference between these two scenarios: If she married by permission of the court, she must leave both of them and she is exempt from bringing the offering, i.e., the sin-offering for her unwitting adultery, as she had the authorization of the court and is therefore considered to have acted under duress.",
+ "If, however, she did not marry by permission of the court, she must leave her second husband and is liable to bring an offering for mistakenly having relations with a man forbidden to her. In this regard, the power of the court is greater, as she is exempt from bringing an offering. If the court instructed her to marry on the basis of inaccurate testimony, and she went and ruined herself by engaging in licentious relations outside matrimony, she is liable to bring an offering, as they permitted her only to marry, and not to engage in licentious relations.",
+ "With regard to a woman whose husband and child went overseas, and witnesses came and said to her: Your husband died and afterward your child died, she does not require levirate marriage, as she had a child when her husband died. And for this reason she married another man. And if afterward they said to her that the matters were reversed, i.e., the child died before the husband, which means that she did require levirate marriage, she is therefore a yevama who married a stranger without ḥalitza and she must consequently leave her second husband. And with regard to the first child, the one born before they heard about the reversal, and the last one, born after they realized who actually died first, each of these children is a mamzer. Conversely, if they said to her: Your child died and afterward your husband died, and she therefore entered into levirate marriage, and afterward they said to her that the matters were reversed, which means she married her husband’s brother when there was no obligation of levirate marriage, she must leave her husband, and the first child and the last one are each a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she married, and afterward they said to her that he was alive at the time of her marriage and he later died, she must leave the second husband. And the first child, born when her original husband was still alive, is a mamzer, and the last one, born after his death, is not a mamzer. If they said to her: Your husband died, and she became betrothed to another man, and afterward her husband came, she is permitted to return to him, as betrothal alone does not render her forbidden to her husband. Furthermore, although the last man, i.e., her betrothed, gave her a bill of divorce, he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. She was never his wife, for the betrothal was invalid, and a bill of divorce given to the wife of another man does not disqualify her. This was taught by Rabbi Elazar ben Matya: The verse states with regard to priests: “Neither shall they take a woman divorced from her husband” (Leviticus 21:7), which indicates: And not one who was divorced from a man who is not her husband, e.g., the second man in this case.",
+ "In the case of one whose wife went overseas and people came and told him: Your wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward his wife came back from overseas, the original wife is permitted to return to him, as his erroneous marriage to her sister is considered licentious sexual relations, and one who has intercourse with his wife’s relatives has not rendered his first wife forbidden to himself. And he is permitted to the relatives of the second woman, e.g., her daughter, and this second woman is permitted to his relatives, e.g., his son, as the marriage was entirely invalid. And if the first woman died he is permitted to the second woman, despite the fact that he has already engaged in forbidden relations with her. If they said to him that his wife is dead, and he married her sister, and afterward they said to him that she was alive when he married the sister and only later died, in this case the first child, born to the sister while his wife was still alive, is a mamzer, as he was born from the union of a man and his sister-in-law, and the last one is not a mamzer. Rabbi Yosei says: Whoever disqualifies others also disqualifies himself, and whoever does not disqualify others does not disqualify himself either. Rabbi Yosei’s obscure statement will be explained by the Gemara.",
+ "Witnesses said to a husband: Your wife is dead, and he married her paternal sister, and witnesses subsequently told him that his second wife was dead and he married her maternal sister; afterward witnesses said that this one too was dead and he married her paternal sister; finally they told him that she was dead and he married the last woman’s maternal sister, and then they were all discovered to be alive. In this case he is permitted to his first wife, and to the third and to the fifth. Since these women are not sisters, his betrothal to them is effective. Consequently, if he died and one of them entered into levirate marriage, they exempt their rival wives. But he is forbidden to the second and fourth wife, each of whom is the sister of his original wife. Therefore, if he passed away and the yavam had relations with one of them, his relations with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife, as she was forbidden to his brother, which means there was no mitzva of levirate marriage here at all. And if he had relations with the second woman in the aforementioned list after the death of the first, i.e., the first one indeed died but the other rumors were all false, in that case he is permitted to the second and the fourth, who are his lawful wives, and they exempt their rival wives, and he is forbidden to the third and the fifth, the sisters of the women married to him, and the sexual relations of the brother with any one of them does not exempt her rival wife.",
+ "The mishna addresses a different issue: If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama he thereby disqualifies his brothers from levirate marriage, despite the fact that as a minor he has not acquired the yevama through this act of intercourse, and the brothers likewise disqualify the woman from him if they have intercourse with the yevama. However, there is a difference between them, as he disqualifies them only if he engaged in relations with her first, and the brothers disqualify him whether they had relations first or last. The mishna explains: How so? A boy aged nine years and one day who had relations with his yevama has disqualified his brothers, as they are no longer eligible to marry her. If his brothers had relations with her, or performed levirate betrothal with her, or gave her a bill of divorce, or performed ḥalitza with her, they permanently disqualify him from engaging in relations with her.",
+ "If a boy aged nine years and one day had sexual relations with his yevama, and afterward his brother, who is also nine years and one day old, had relations with her, the second brother disqualifies her to the first one. Rabbi Shimon says he does not disqualify her. ",
+ "If a minor aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama, and afterward that same boy had relations with her rival wife, he thereby disqualifies her to himself, and both women are now forbidden to him. Rabbi Shimon says he does not disqualify her. If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama and died, that yevama performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. If the minor married a woman in a regular manner and died, she is exempt from levirate marriage and ḥalitza, as by Torah law a minor cannot marry.",
+ "If a boy aged nine years and one day had relations with his yevama, and after he matured he married a different woman and then died childless, if he did not carnally know the first woman after he matured, but only when he was a minor, the first one performs ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as she is in essence a yevama who had relations with a minor, and the second woman either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage, as she is his full-fledged wife. Rabbi Shimon says: The brother consummates levirate marriage with whichever woman he chooses, and performs ḥalitza with the second one. The mishna comments: This is the halakha both for a boy who is nine years and one day old, and also for one who is twenty years old who has not developed two pubic hairs. He has the status of a nine-year-old boy in this regard, as his intercourse is not considered a proper act of intercourse."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One may marry a relative, e.g., the sister or the mother, of the woman he raped and of the woman he seduced. However, one who rapes and one who seduces a relative of the woman who is married to him is liable to receive capital punishment or karet for engaging in prohibited sexual intercourse, depending on the particular family relationship. A man may marry a woman raped by his father, or a woman seduced by his father, or a woman raped by his son, or a woman seduced by his son. Rabbi Yehuda prohibits marriage in the case of a woman raped by his father or a woman seduced by his father.",
+ "With regard to a female convert whose sons converted with her, they do not perform ḥalitza for each other’s wives, and they do not perform levirate marriage with them, as their conversions are considered rebirth, and they are considered unrelated. This is so even if the conception of the first son was not in the sanctity of Israel, i.e., the mother had not yet converted when she conceived of him, but his birth was in the sanctity of Israel, as his mother had converted by the time she gave birth to him, whereas the second son was both conceived and born in sanctity. The first son is considered a convert, who is unrelated to his brother. And this halakha similarly applies to a maidservant whose sons were freed with her, as they too are not considered relatives.",
+ "With regard to five women whose offspring were mixed, i.e., their lineage became indeterminate, and they had other sons as well who were not mixed, and the mixed sons matured and married women and subsequently died, then four sons who were not mixed, each one from a different mother, must perform ḥalitza with one of the widows, as she might be the sister-in-law of any of them. And one son of the mother whose sons did not perform ḥalitza may perform levirate marriage with her instead of ḥalitza; even if she is not his sister-in-law, once she has received ḥalitza from the others she may marry any man. Subsequently, he and three of the four other sons must perform ḥalitza with one of the remaining widows, and the other one may perform levirate marriage. When this process has been completed for all the widows, four ḥalitzot and a levirate marriage are found altogether for each and every widow.",
+ "With regard to a woman whose offspring was mixed with the offspring of her daughter-in-law, and their lineage was consequently indeterminate, and the mixed sons matured and married women, and subsequently they died, the certain sons of the daughter-in-law perform ḥalitza with the wives, but not levirate marriage, as with regard to each wife it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife, and therefore his yevama, and uncertain whether she is his father’s brother’s wife, who is forbidden to him. However, the certain sons of the elder woman, i.e., the mother-in-law, perform either ḥalitza or levirate marriage, as with regard to each wife it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife, in which case levirate marriage is valid, or his brother’s son’s wife, in which case she is permitted to him, after having performed ḥalitza with a son of the daughter-in-law. If the sons of certain, unflawed lineage were the ones who died, then the mixed sons perform ḥalitza with the widows of the elder woman’s sons but not levirate marriage, as it is uncertain whether she is his brother’s wife or his father’s brother’s wife. With the widows of the certain sons of the daughter-in-law, one of the mixed sons performs ḥalitza, in case she is his brother’s wife. And the other one performs levirate marriage, as even if she is his brother’s son’s wife, she is permitted to him.",
+ "In the case of a priestess whose offspring was mixed with her maidservant’s offspring, they may partake of teruma, as both a priest and the slave of a priest partake of teruma. And they receive one share of teruma in the granary. And they may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse, as each of them might be a priest. And they may not marry women, whether unflawed women, who may not marry a slave, or women unfit to marry into the priesthood, as with regard to each of them it is uncertain whether he is a priest or a slave. If the mixed sons matured and freed each other, they may marry women fit to marry into the priesthood, as a freed slave may marry such women. However, neither may marry a woman unfit for the priesthood, in case he is a priest. And they may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse, since they are uncertain priests. However, if they became impure, they do not receive the forty lashes, as each of them might not be priest. And they may not partake of teruma, as one of them is not a priest. However, if they ate teruma unwittingly they do not pay the principal and the additional fifth, as each of them might be a priest. And they do not receive a share of teruma in the granary, as neither can prove that he is a priest. However, they may sell the teruma that they remove from their own produce, and although they may not eat it, the money is theirs. Since it cannot be proven with regard to either of them that he is not a priest, teruma cannot be appropriated from them. And they do not receive a share of the consecrated offerings of the Temple, as each of them might not be a priest. And one may not give them consecrated offerings to sacrifice for the same reason. However, the hides of their own offerings may not be appropriated from their possession, as it cannot be proven with regard to either of them that he is not a priest. And they are exempt from giving a priest the foreleg, and from giving him the jaw, and from giving him the maw of their non-consecrated kosher animals. And with regard to either of them, the firstling of his kosher animal should graze until it becomes unfit to be sacrificed, i.e., until it gets a blemish. It is against his interest to sacrifice the animal before it gets a blemish, thereby letting it be eaten by the priests. Once it gets a blemish, it cannot be appropriated from him. Since he is possibly a priest, he may claim that the animal is the property of a priest. The animal then becomes his private property, and he may eat it if he wishes. And in general, we place upon him both the stringencies of priests and the stringencies of Israelites.",
+ "With regard to a woman who did not wait three months after separating from her husband, and remarried and gave birth to a son, and it is not known if he was born after nine months of pregnancy to the former husband or if he was born after seven months to the latter husband, if she had sons of certain patrilineage from the first husband and sons of certain patrilineage from the second one, and the son of uncertain patrilineage married and died childless, then the brothers from both husbands must perform ḥalitza with his wife, as they might be his paternal brothers. But they may not perform levirate marriage with her, in case he is only their maternal half brother, and his wife is forbidden to them. And similarly, with regard to him and their wives, if one of them dies childless, he performs ḥalitza and not levirate marriage. If he had half brothers from the first husband and half brothers from the second, not from the same mother but from the same father, he performs ḥalitza or levirate marriage with their widows. If he is indeed their paternal half brother, then the widows are his yevamot; if not, he may marry them like any other man. And similarly, with regard to them and his wife, one half brother from one father performs ḥalitza and one from the other father performs levirate marriage.",
+ "If one of his two uncertain fathers was an Israelite and one was a priest, he may marry only a woman fit to marry a priest, due to the possibility that he is a priest. And he may not become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse because he might be a priest. But if he became impure, he does not receive the forty lashes, as he might be a non-priest. Likewise, he does not partake of teruma, in case he is a non-priest. However, if he ate teruma he does not pay the principal and the additional fifth, as he might be a priest. And he does not receive teruma at the granary. However, he may sell the teruma of his own produce and the money is his. It cannot be taken away from him due to the uncertainty with regard to his status. And he does not receive a share of the sacred of the consecrated offerings, and one may not give him the consecrated offerings to sacrifice. However, the hides of his own offerings may not be appropriated from his possession. And he is exempt from giving a priest the foreleg, and the jaw, and the maw of his non-consecrated animals. And the firstling of his animal should graze until it becomes unfit to be sacrificed because it gets a blemish. And in general, we place upon him the stringencies of priests and the stringencies of Israelites. If both uncertain fathers were priests, then if they die he is in a state of acute mourning over each of them, in case the deceased is his father. And if he dies, they are both in a state of acute mourning over him, as one of them is his father. He may not become ritually impure to bury them, as each one may not be his relative, and they may not become ritually impure to bury him for the same reason. He does not inherit from them, as the heirs of both husbands can reject his claims. However, they inherit from him if he has no sons and split his inheritance equally. And he is exempt from capital punishment for striking and for cursing both this father and that one. Although one who strikes or curses his father or mother is liable to receive the death penalty, he cannot be held liable, as it is unknown which of the men is his father. He must ascend to the Temple service with the priestly watch of this father and of that one, as he belongs to one of these watches and is obligated to serve with them. However, he does not receive a share of the portion of the offerings that gets eaten, as the members of each watch can claim that he is a member of the other watch. If both uncertain fathers were in one priestly watch, he receives one share, as he certainly belongs to that watch."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The mitzva of ḥalitza, the ritual through which the yavam frees the yevama of her levirate bonds, must be performed before three judges, and the ritual does not require the judges to be experts fit to adjudicate other matters, as even if all three are laymen, it is acceptable. If she performed ḥalitza while he was wearing a shoe made of soft leather that covers the whole foot, her ḥalitza is valid, but if she performed ḥalitza while he was wearing a soft shoe [anpileya] made of cloth, her ḥalitza is invalid, as it is not considered a real shoe. If ḥalitza was performed while he was wearing a sandal, i.e., footwear made of hard leather, that has a heel, it is valid; but if performed with a sandal without a heel, it is invalid ḥalitza. If the leg of the yavam was amputated anywhere from the knee down and she performed ḥalitza as he wore a shoe on the stump of his leg, it is valid ḥalitza. If, however, the leg was amputated anywhere from the knee and above, and she performed ḥalitza as he wore a shoe on the stump of his leg, it is invalid ḥalitza. ",
+ "If she performed ḥalitza while the man was wearing a sandal that did not belong to him, or a sandal made of wood, or on the left shoe, which was being worn on his right foot, it is valid ḥalitza. If she performed ḥalitza as the man was wearing a shoe that was too large for him but which he can still walk in, or a shoe that was too small but that covered most of his foot, her ḥalitza is valid. If a woman performed ḥalitza at night, her ḥalitza is valid, but Rabbi Elazar invalidates it. If she performed ḥalitza on the left foot, her ḥalitza is invalid, but Rabbi Elazar validates it. ",
+ "If she, i.e., the yevama, removed the shoe and spat in accordance with the halakha but did not recite the necessary text, her ḥalitza is valid. If she recited the text and spat but did not remove the shoe, her ḥalitza is disqualified. If she removed the shoe and recited the text but did not spit, Rabbi Elazar says: Her ḥalitza is disqualified, while Rabbi Akiva says: Her ḥalitza is valid. Rabbi Elazar said to him: The verse states: “So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). “So” is an exclusionary term indicating that only precisely in this fashion is ḥalitza valid. Therefore, any term that constitutes an action for ḥalitza is indispensable. Rabbi Akiva said to him: You derive proof from there? But it states: “So shall it be done to the man” indicating that only a term constituting an action toward the man, namely any aspect of ḥalitza that concerns the man’s body, such as removal of his shoe, is indispensable. But spitting, which does not involve the man, although it takes place in his presence, is not indispensable.",
+ "The mishna lists additional halakhot with regard to ḥalitza. If a deaf-mute man underwent ḥalitza, or a deaf-mute woman performed ḥalitza, or if an adult woman performs ḥalitza with a male minor, her ḥalitza is invalid and the woman may not marry. If a female minor performed ḥalitza, she must perform ḥalitza a second time once she becomes an adult, and if she does not perform the second ḥalitza, her first ḥalitza is invalid.",
+ " If she performed ḥalitza before two or three judges and one of them is found to be a relative or disqualified as a judge for some other reason, her ḥalitza is invalid. Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yoḥanan the Cobbler validate the ḥalitza in this case. And an incident occurred involving a certain person who performed ḥalitza between him and her alone in prison, i.e., not in the presence of others, and the case came before Rabbi Akiva and he validated it.",
+ "The mitzva of ḥalitza is performed as follows: He and his yevama come to the court, and the scholars of the court give him advice appropriate for him, whether to enter levirate marriage or to perform ḥalitza, as it is stated: “And the Elders of his city shall call him and speak to him” (Deuteronomy 25:8). If they decide to perform ḥalitza, she says: “My brother-in-law refused to establish a name for his brother in Israel, he did not wish to consummate the levirate marriage” (Deuteronomy 25:7), and afterward he says: “I do not wish to take her” (Deuteronomy 25:8). And they would say these statements in the sacred Hebrew language and not in any other language. Afterward, the shoe is removed and she spits before him, as is written: “His yevama shall approach him, before the Elders, and remove his shoe from on his foot and spit before him” (Deuteronomy 25:9), which indicates that this spittle must be visible to the judges. “And she shall respond and say: So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). Up until this point the judges would prompt the parties to recite the text that they are required to say. And when Rabbi Hyrkanus once prompted the participants in ḥalitza under the ela tree in the village of Eitam, he prompted them to finish reciting the whole Torah passage, after which they established the custom of completing the whole Torah passage. Therefore, they continue and say the following verse: “And his name shall be called in Israel: The house of he who had his shoe removed” (Deuteronomy 25:10). This mitzva of saying: The house of he who had his shoe removed, applies to the judges, but not to the students, i.e., the students of the judges and other onlookers who are present. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is a mitzva upon all those present to say: He who had his shoe removed."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The Sages decreed that in the case of a minor girl whose father died, her mother or brothers may marry her off. However, such a marriage does not have the same legal status as the marriage of an adult. Therefore, if the minor regrets having married, she is allowed to make a declaration of refusal to her husband, thereby annulling the marital bond. The Sages disagreed with regard to the details of this halakha: Beit Shammai say: Only betrothed girls may refuse. A girl may refuse, upon reaching adulthood, to remain married to the man to whom her mother or brothers married her as a minor after the death of her father. But Beit Hillel say that both betrothed and fully married girls may refuse. Beit Shammai say: Refusal may be directed only at her husband and not at her yavam. In such a situation, she must perform ḥalitza in order to dissolve the levirate bond. But Beit Hillel say: It may be directed at her husband or her yavam. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in the presence of the husband. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in his presence or in his absence. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in court. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in court, or not in court. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: She may refuse as long as she is a minor, even four or five times if her relatives married her off again to another man after each refusal. Beit Shammai said to them: The daughters of Israel are not to be treated with disregard and should not be passed from one man to another. Rather, she refuses once. And then she must wait until she reaches majority, and refuse, and marry.",
+ "Who is a minor girl who needs to perform refusal in order to annul her marriage? Any minor whose mother or brother married her off with her consent. If they married her off without her consent, she need not refuse her husband at all and may leave her husband without a declaration of refusal. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigonus says: Any girl who is so young that she cannot keep her betrothal, i.e., the money or document of betrothal, safe does not need to refuse, as the Sages instituted marriage only for a girl old enough to understand what she is doing. Rabbi Elazar says: The act of a minor girl is nothing, so that if a minor girl’s mother or brothers marry her off, the marriage is essentially invalid. Rather, her status is as though she were a seduced unmarried woman. Therefore, a minor daughter of a non-priest married to a priest may not eat teruma, and the minor daughter of a priest married to an Israelite may eat teruma.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says otherwise: If there is any obstruction in the matter due to the man, it is as if she were his wife. If there is any obstruction in the matter that is not due to the man, it is as if she were not his wife. This statement will be explained in the Gemara.",
+ "If a minor girl refuses a man, he is permitted to marry her close relatives, such as her mother or her sister, and she is permitted to marry his close relatives, such as his father or brother, and he has not disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood, as she is not considered divorced. However, if he gave her a bill of divorce, then even though the marriage was valid according to rabbinic law and not Torah law, he is prohibited from marrying her close relatives, and she is prohibited from marrying his close relatives, and he has disqualified her from marrying into the priesthood. If he gave her a bill of divorce but afterward remarried her, and she subsequently refused him and married another man, and then she was widowed or divorced from her second husband, she is permitted to return to him. Since she left him the last time by means of refusal, the refusal cancels the bill of divorce that he gave her previously, and her status is that of a minor girl who refused her husband, who is not forbidden to her first husband after a second marriage. However, if the order was different, and if she refused him and he subsequently remarried her, and this time he gave her a bill of divorce and she married another man, and she was widowed or divorced, she is forbidden to return to him, like any divorced woman who married another man. This is the principle concerning a minor girl who refused her husband and then married several times: If the bill of divorce followed the refusal and she remarried, she is forbidden to return to him. If the refusal followed the bill of divorce, she is permitted to return to him. Since the refusal followed the bill of divorce it is clear that she was a minor and neither the marriage nor the divorce were valid by Torah law. However, when the ultimate separation is by means of a bill of divorce, there is no indication that she was a minor at the time and there is potential for confusion with an adult divorcée.",
+ "If a minor girl refuses one man and marries another, and he divorces her, and then she marries another man and refuses him, and then she marries another man and he divorces her, this is the principle for this case: With regard to anyone she leaves by means of a bill of divorce, it is prohibited for her to return to him. With regard to anyone she leaves by means of refusal, she is permitted to return to him.",
+ "With regard to one who divorces a woman and remarries her and then dies childless, his wife is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her yavam, but Rabbi Elazar prohibits this. Likewise, with regard to one who divorces an orphaned minor girl whose mother and brothers married her off and remarries her and subsequently dies, she is permitted to the yavam in levirate marriage, and Rabbi Elazar prohibits it. A minor girl whose father married her off, in which case the marriage is valid by Torah law, and who was subsequently divorced while she was still a minor is like an orphan during the lifetime of her father, as he no longer has the right to marry her off, and she cannot become fully married because she is a minor. And if the husband remarries her while she is still a minor and then dies childless, everyone agrees that she is forbidden to the yavam and may not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If two brothers are married to two minor sisters, and the husband of one of them dies childless, this widowed girl shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as a forbidden relative, as one is prohibited from marrying the sister of his wife. The same halakha applies to two deaf-mute women, whose status is like that of two minors in this matter, as their marriages are valid by rabbinic law. And if two brothers were married to two sisters, one of them an adult and the other a minor, and the husband of the minor dies, the minor shall leave due to her status as the sister of a wife, as in the first case in the mishna. But if the husband of the adult dies, it generates a Torah obligation of levirate marriage, which is not abrogated by the rabbinic prohibition proscribing the yevama as his wife’s sister. This prohibition is by rabbinic law, because marriage to a minor is rabbinic in origin. What does one do under such circumstances? Rabbi Eliezer says: We instruct the minor, i.e., his wife, to refuse him, so that her marriage is dissolved and he may then enter into levirate marriage with her adult sister, the widow of his childless brother. Rabban Gamliel says: If the minor refuses of her own accord, her refusal is valid. And if not, she should wait until she reaches majority, whereupon her marriage is valid by Torah law, and that widowed adult sister shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as the sister of a wife. Rabbi Yehoshua says: When the brother married to the adult sister dies, leaving the brother married to the minor, woe [ee] to him for his wife, woe to him for his brother’s wife. Under these circumstances, he loses both women: He must release his own wife with a bill of divorce and his brother’s wife by performing ḥalitza. He cannot stay married to his wife because she is the sister of his yevama, and he cannot enter into levirate marriage with the yevama even after divorcing his wife, because the yevama is his wife’s sister. The principle that one is completely absolved from levirate marriage when the potential yevama is a forbidden relative does not apply because Torah law does not recognize his marriage to his minor wife. That marriage’s rabbinic sanction does not suffice to render the yevama, his wife’s sister, a forbidden relative who is not a candidate for levirate marriage.",
+ "If a man was married to two orphaned minors and died, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them exempts her rival wife from either levirate marriage or ḥalitza, rendering her free to remarry. Likewise, if two deaf-mutes were married to one man who died, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them exempts her rival wife. In both of these cases, both women are married by rabbinic law and consequently become yevamot by rabbinic law. Since their statuses are equal, one can exempt the other. If one wife is a minor and the other is a deaf-mute, consummation of levirate marriage or ḥalitza with one of them does not exempt her rival wife. Although both women are married by rabbinic law, their statuses are not the same and one cannot exempt the other. If one of them was halakhically competent and one was a deaf-mute, consummation of levirate marriage with the halakhically competent wife exempts the deaf-mute, as the halakhically competent women’s marriage and levirate marriage are by Torah law. But consummation of levirate marriage with the deaf-mute does not exempt the halakhically competent wife. Likewise, if one was an adult woman and one a minor girl, consummation of levirate marriage with the adult exempts the minor but consummation of levirate marriage with the minor does not exempt the adult.",
+ "If a man was married to two minor orphans and he died, and a yavam engaged in intercourse with the first of them to consummate the levirate marriage, and then engaged in intercourse with the second, or if his brother who is also their yavam engaged in intercourse with the second, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the first girl from staying married to him, as her levirate marriage was consummated. Likewise, if the two wives were two female deaf-mutes, the first wife may remain married to the yavam. Intercourse with the second wife, though prohibited, has no effect: If the marriage was of uncertain status, then either the levirate marriage was concluded when he engaged in intercourse with the first, or neither wife was really married to the first husband, and they are therefore not rival wives. If the initial marriage was partial, then since both wives have the same standing, the levirate marriage with the first wife fully realizes whatever degree of levirate marriage is available. If one wife was a minor and the other a deaf-mute, and the yavam engaged in intercourse with the minor and then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, then the yavam or his brother disqualified the minor from staying married due to the Sages’ decree, lest it be confused with a situation where the intercourse with the deaf-mute was first. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute and then engaged in intercourse with the minor, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the minor, then the yavam or his brother disqualified the deaf-mute from staying married. The marriage to the deaf-mute creates a partial acquisition that does not exempt the second wife from levirate marriage, as she, as a minor, has a different standing. Accordingly, intercourse with the second wife also creates a partial acquisition and thereby both women are prohibited to the yavam, as it is prohibited to consummate levirate marriage with more than one wife.",
+ "If one widow was halakhically competent and one widow was a deaf-mute, and the yavam engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman and then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, or if his brother then engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the halakhically competent woman from staying married. Since the yavam consummated the levirate marriage with her first, the levirate bond was entirely dissolved and the intercourse with the deaf-mute, though forbidden, had no effect. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the deaf-mute and then engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the halakhically competent woman, the yavam or his brother disqualified the deaf-mute from staying married. Consummation of the levirate marriage with the deaf-mute creates only a partial acquisition that does not fully dissolve the levirate bond.",
+ "If the deceased brother had two wives, an adult and a minor, and the yavam engaged in sexual intercourse with the adult, then engaged in intercourse with the minor, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the minor, the yavam or his brother did not disqualify the adult from staying married, as the consummation of the levirate marriage with the adult completely dissolves the levirate bond. If the yavam engaged in intercourse with the minor, and then engaged in intercourse with the adult, or if his brother engaged in intercourse with the adult, the yavam or his brother disqualified the minor from staying married. Rabbi Elazar says: The court instructs the minor to refuse him thereby annulling her marriage retroactively, and then the minor is permitted to marry any man.",
+ "If a minor yavam engaged in sexual intercourse with a minor yevama, they should grow up together, living as a married couple. He may not divorce her, as he is a minor. If he engaged in sexual intercourse with an adult yevama, she should raise him, i.e., they must stay married, as there is no way for him to divorce her until he reaches majority. When a yevama said within thirty days of her marriage: I have not engaged in sexual intercourse with him, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her. If she said this after thirty days but he claimed that he had engaged in sexual intercourse, the court asks him to perform ḥalitza with her, as there are grounds to believe him. And when he admits that he did not engage in intercourse with her, even after twelve months, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her.",
+ "If a woman vows during her husband’s lifetime to derive no benefit from her yavam, the court forces him to perform ḥalitza with her as it is forbidden for her to engage in sexual intercourse with him to consummate the levirate marriage. If she vowed after the death of her husband to derive no benefit from her yavam, the court asks him to perform ḥalitza with her. And if she intended to do so, i.e., she had an ulterior motive of avoiding levirate marriage when she vowed, even if she made the vow during her husband’s lifetime, the court merely asks him to perform ḥalitza with her."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a deaf-mute who married a halakhically competent woman, and a halakhically competent man who married a deaf-mute: If either man wants to divorce his wife, he may divorce her, and if he wants to maintain her as his wife, he may maintain her. The reason why a deaf-mute man can divorce his wife is that just as he marries her by intimation, i.e., his marriage is not performed by explicit speech, as deaf-mutes rely on gestures, so too, he divorces her by intimation. Likewise, in the case of a halakhically competent man who married a halakhically competent woman, and she later became a deaf-mute: If he wants to divorce his wife, he may divorce her, as a wife does not have to have intellectual capacity to receive a bill of divorce, and if he wants to maintain her as his wife, he may maintain her. If she became an imbecile, he may not divorce her, i.e., a bill of divorce is ineffective in this case. If he became a deaf-mute or an imbecile after they were married, he may never divorce her, as he does not have the legal competence to give a bill of divorce. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri said: For what reason is the halakha that in the case of the woman who becomes a deaf-mute, her husband may divorce her, but in the case of the man who becomes a deaf-mute, he may not divorce his wife? If the bill of divorce written by someone who formerly possessed all his senses and later became a deaf-mute is invalid, it stands to reason that it should not be valid when she becomes a deaf-mute either. They said to him: The man who divorces his wife is not similar to the woman who is divorced, as the woman is divorced whether she is willing or unwilling. Since the woman’s consent is not required, she may be divorced even if she is a deaf-mute. And, conversely, the man divorces his wife only willingly, and therefore the bill of divorce of a deaf-mute, who is not legally competent, is ineffective.",
+ "Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Gudgada testified with regard to a female deaf-mute whose father married her off when she was a minor, which means her marriage was valid by Torah law, that she can be divorced with a bill of divorce even when she matures and is no longer under her father’s authority, despite the fact that she is not legally competent. They said to him: This woman, too, has a similar status. In other words, a woman who possessed all her faculties and later became a deaf-mute is comparable to a minor whose marriage was valid by Torah law and later, when she matured and was no longer under the authority of her father, received a bill of divorce. Both of these women can receive a bill of divorce, in accordance with the principle stated in the previous paragraph.",
+ "The mishna continues: In a case where there were two deaf-mute brothers married to two deaf-mute sisters or to two halakhically competent sisters, or to two sisters, one of whom was a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent; or in a case where there were two deaf-mute sisters married to two halakhically competent brothers or to two deaf-mute brothers or to two brothers, one of whom was a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, all these women are exempt from ḥalitza and from levirate marriage. Each of them is forbidden to her yavam because he is married to her sister. And if they were unrelated women, i.e., the women are not sisters, the men may marry them in levirate marriage, and if they want to divorce them later, they may divorce them.",
+ "However, if two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and other one halakhically competent, were married to two halakhically competent sisters, and the deaf-mute married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? His brother’s wife is released without levirate marriage or ḥalitza, due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, as his wife’s sister came before him for levirate marriage by Torah law, and the legal status of her marriage and her levirate marriage is higher than his own marriage, which applies only by rabbinic law. And his brother’s wife is forbidden to him forever, and there is no remedy for her. He cannot marry her, as by rabbinic law she is the sister of his ex-wife, nor can he exempt her by means of ḥalitza, as he is a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two halakhically competent brothers were married to two sisters, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? The deaf-mute sister is released due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, as the halakhically competent sister came before him for levirate marriage, and the status of her levirate bond is higher than the status of his marriage to his wife, a deaf-mute. And he releases his brother’s wife, who is not a deaf-mute, by means of ḥalitza, as they are both legally competent and can therefore perform ḥalitza.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two sisters, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister do? The deaf-mute woman is released due to the prohibition with regard to a wife’s sister. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute sister do? He divorces his wife with a bill of divorce, which is as valid as their original marriage. And his brother’s wife is forbidden to him forever. There is no remedy for her, as he may not consummate levirate marriage with her because she is the sister of his ex-wife by rabbinic law, and he cannot perform ḥalitza with her either, as he is a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two unrelated, halakhically competent women, and the deaf-mute married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? He either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the other halakhically competent woman do? He cannot perform ḥalitza with her, as he is a deaf-mute. Rather, he marries her, and he may never divorce her, as sexual intercourse between a yavam and his yevama creates a valid marriage that cannot be broken by the bill of divorce of a deaf-mute.",
+ "If two halakhically competent brothers were married to two unrelated women, one of whom is halakhically competent and the other one a deaf-mute, and the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? The brother cannot perform ḥalitza with her, as she is a deaf-mute. Rather, he marries the deaf-mute, and if he wishes to divorce her, he may subsequently divorce her with a bill of divorce. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent sister died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the deaf-mute do? Either he performs ḥalitza or he enters into levirate marriage.",
+ "If two brothers, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, were married to two unrelated women, one of whom is a deaf-mute and the other one halakhically competent, and the deaf-mute brother who was married to the deaf-mute woman died, what should the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman do? He may marry her if he desires the deaf-mute woman, and if he wishes afterward to divorce her, he may divorce her. If the halakhically competent brother married to the halakhically competent woman died, what should the deaf-mute brother married to the deaf-mute woman do? He marries his yevama and may never divorce her, as he does not have the legal capacity to end a valid marriage."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, if there was peace between him and her, i.e., the couple were not fighting at the time, and there was also peace in the world, i.e., there was no war at that time, and the woman came back by herself and said: My husband died, she may marry on the basis of her own testimony. Likewise, if she said: My husband died, and they did not have children, but her husband had a brother, she may enter into levirate marriage. If there was peace between him and her when they left but there was war in the world, or if there was a quarrel between him and her and peace in the world, and she came and said: My husband died, she is not deemed credible, as she may be mistaken or lying. Rabbi Yehuda says: She is never deemed credible when she testifies that her husband died, unless she came crying and her clothing was torn, in which case it is apparent that she is speaking the truth. They said to him: This is an incorrect distinction. Rather, both this woman who cries and this woman who does not cry may marry on the basis of their own testimony.",
+ "Beit Hillel say: We heard that one may accept the testimony of a woman concerning the death of her husband only when she comes from the grain harvest, and when she testified in the same country where he died, and in circumstances similar to the incident that occurred, in which a lenient ruling was issued, as will be explained. Beit Shammai said to Beit Hillel: The same halakha applies to a wife who comes from the grain harvest, and one who comes from the olive harvest, and also one who comes from the grape harvest, and even one who comes from one country to another country. Although the incident in question took place during the grain harvest, the Sages spoke of the grain harvest only because it was the present occurrence, i.e., that is what happened in practice, but this is no proof that she is deemed credible only when she arrived specifically from the grain harvest. The mishna comments: Beit Hillel retracted their opinion, and decided to teach in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai on this issue.",
+ "Beit Shammai say: A woman who testifies that her husband died may marry, and take the money guaranteed in her marriage contract. Beit Hillel say: She may marry, but she may not take her marriage contract, as qualified witnesses are required for monetary matters. Beit Shammai said to them: If you have permitted a woman potentially forbidden to him, which is a relatively stringent prohibition, based merely upon her own testimony, will we not permit a monetary matter, which is more lenient, as the money can be returned and this sin does not entail such a severe punishment? Beit Hillel said to them: This is no proof, as we find that the brothers do not come into the inheritance from the deceased brother based on her testimony. Evidently, although this testimony is accepted with regard to forbidden sexual relationships, it is not effective for monetary matters. Beit Shammai said to them: But we can learn this halakha from the scroll of the marriage contract, as every husband writes for her that: If you marry another man, take what is written for you in this contract. This shows that her right to receive the money of her marriage contract is dependent upon her eligibility to remarry. In this case, as she is deemed credible when she says her husband died and she may marry again, she is likewise entitled to the money of the marriage contract. And Beit Hillel again retracted their opinion, and decided to teach in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai.",
+ "All are deemed credible when they come to give testimony with regard to the death of a woman’s husband, apart from her mother-in-law, the daughter of her mother-in-law, her rival wife, the wife of her yavam, and her husband’s daughter, her stepdaughter. The reason is that these women are likely to hate her and will lie to her detriment. The mishna explains: In the case of a divorce all people, including these women, may bring her bill of divorce and testify that it was written appropriately. What, then, is the difference between a bill of divorce and death? The mishna answers: The difference is that in the case of a bill of divorce the writing proves the accuracy of the testimony, i.e., her testimony is supported by the text of the document itself, whereas with regard to the death of her husband there is no proof apart from the statement of the woman herself. If one witness says: The man died, and the wife married based on this testimony, and one other witness came and said: He did not die, she need not leave her new husband due to this testimony. However, if one witness comes and says: The husband died, and two witnesses say: He did not die, then even though she married based on the first witness she must leave her new husband. If two witnesses say: He died, and one witness says: He did not die, the testimony of the two witnesses is accepted, and even though she did not yet marry, she may marry.",
+ "If two women who were married to the same man come forward, and one of them says that the husband died, and the other one says he did not die, the one who says he died may marry on the basis of her own testimony, and she takes the money of her marriage contract. And the one who said he did not die may not marry, and does not take the money of her marriage contract. If one wife says: He died in a normal manner, and the other one says: He was killed, Rabbi Meir says: Since they contradict one another, these women may not marry. Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon say: Since they both agree that he is not alive they may marry, despite the fact that they dispute the circumstances of his demise. If a witness says: He died, and a witness says: He did not die, or one woman says: He died, and another woman says: He did not die, this woman may not marry.",
+ "In the case of a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, and she comes and says: My husband died, she may marry, and she takes her marriage contract based on her own testimony. And it remains prohibited for her rival wife to remarry, as a woman cannot testify on behalf of her rival wife. If the rival wife was an Israelite woman married to a priest, she may continue to partake of teruma, as she is not permitted to remarry, and therefore the presumption that the husband is still alive is maintained in relation to her. This is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare someone from transgression. According to the opinion of Rabbi Tarfon, there is a concern that she might be eating teruma unlawfully. There is no remedy for this situation unless it is prohibited for the rival wife to marry, as she cannot rely on the testimony of her rival wife, and it is also prohibited for her to partake of teruma, lest the other woman was speaking the truth. In other words, the halakha is stringent on both counts.",
+ "The mishna discusses a similar case. If a woman said: My husband died and afterward my father-in-law died, she may marry and take her marriage contract, and it is prohibited for her mother-in-law to remarry, as a woman may not testify on behalf of her mother-in-law. If the mother-in-law was the daughter of an Israelite married to a priest, she may partake of teruma; this is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare her from transgression; there is no remedy unless it is prohibited for the mother-in-law to marry and also prohibited for her to partake of teruma. In relation to the dispute between Rabbi Tarfon and Rabbi Akiva in the previous mishna, in which Rabbi Akiva states that one must avoid a possible transgression, the mishna cites two similar cases involving other topics. With regard to one who betrothed one of five women, and he does not know which of them he betrothed, and each one of them says: He betrothed me, if he does not want to marry any of them he gives a bill of divorce to each and every one of them so none will have the status of a woman with regard to whom there is uncertainty whether she is divorced. And he leaves the marriage contract among them and departs. The marriage contract remains in dispute between the women until they clarify which of them is entitled to the money. This is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare someone from transgression, as perhaps the woman he actually betrothed will not receive the money to which she is entitled. There is no remedy unless he gives a bill of divorce and a marriage contract payment to each and every one. And likewise, in the case of one who stole money from one of five people and does not know from which of them he stole, and each one says: He stole from me, he leaves the stolen money among them and departs, and they will decide among themselves how to distribute the money; this is the statement of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: This is not the way to spare him from transgression; there is no remedy unless he pays each and every one of them.",
+ "In the case of a woman who went, she and her husband, overseas, and her son was with them, and later she came back and said: My husband died and afterward my son died, she is deemed credible. It is permitted for her to remarry, and she is exempt from levirate marriage. The reason is that she had children when she left, and therefore she retains her presumptive status of one who is exempt from levirate marriage. However, if she said: My son died and afterward my husband died, she is not deemed credible, i.e., she may not enter into levirate marriage. And yet we are concerned and give some credence to her statement, in case she was actually widowed by a childless husband, and therefore she performs ḥalitza to exempt her from the levirate bond with her yavam, and she does not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If she went with her childless husband and returned alone and testified: A son was born to me overseas, and she further said: My son died and afterward my husband died, she is deemed credible and may even enter into levirate marriage, as she was presumed to be childless when she left and consequently she retains that presumptive status. However, if she said: My husband died and afterward my son died, she is not deemed credible for the purpose of exempting her from levirate marriage, but the court is concerned about her statement. And therefore she must perform ḥalitza and she does not enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "If she said: A yavam was born for me overseas, i.e., when the family left the country her husband did not have a brother, and she claims that in the meantime a brother was born to her husband, and she also said: My husband died and afterward my yavam died, or: My yavam died and afterward my husband died, in either case she is deemed credible. This is because when she left she was not presumed to require levirate marriage, and the suggestion that her husband now has a brother is based solely on her testimony. However, if she went, she and her husband and her yavam, overseas, and upon her return she said: My husband died and afterward my yavam died, or: My yavam died and afterward my husband died, she is not deemed credible, as a woman is not deemed credible if she says: My yavam died, in order that she may marry another man. And she is not deemed credible if she says that her sister died, in order that she may enter the house of her sister’s husband. And a man is not deemed credible if he says: My brother died, so that he may enter into levirate marriage with his brother’s wife, and he is not deemed credible when he says that his wife died, in order that he may marry his wife’s sister. The Sages accepted impaired testimony of this kind only when there was a concern about creating a situation of a deserted wife."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of a woman whose husband and rival wife traveled to a country overseas, and witnesses came and told her: Your husband died, she shall not marry any other man, in case she requires levirate marriage with her brother-in-law, i.e., yavam, in which case she is prohibited from marrying anyone else. And she also shall not enter into levirate marriage until she knows whether she, i.e., her rival wife, is pregnant. If her rival wife bears a child to her late husband, she does not have a levirate bond with her brother-in-law, and she is therefore prohibited from marrying him. If she had a mother-in-law overseas, but her late husband had no brothers, she need not be concerned that a brother to her husband may have been born. But if her mother-in-law departed from her town pregnant, this widow should be concerned that perhaps her late husband now has a brother, with whom she is obligated in levirate marriage. Rabbi Yehoshua says: Even in such a case she need not be concerned and may marry whomever she wishes.",
+ "If there are two sisters-in-law married to two childless brothers who testify about their marital status, and this one says: My husband died, and that one says: My husband died, although each one of them is deemed credible with regard to her own status as a widow, this one is prohibited from marrying due to the possibility that the husband of that other sister may be alive, obligating her in levirate marriage, and that one is prohibited from marrying due to the husband of this sister, according to the same rationale. Although each is accorded credibility as to her own husband’s death, the halakha is that sisters-in-law are among the five types of women not accorded credibility with regard to each other’s permissibility to marry because of possible conflicts of interest. If this one has witnesses to her husband’s death, and that one does not have witnesses, then the one who has witnesses is prohibited from marrying, as there are no witnesses to the death of her yavam to exempt her from levirate marriage; but the one who has no witnesses is permitted to marry based on her own testimony that her husband died combined with the witnesses’ testimony exempting her from levirate marriage. If this one has children and that one has no children, then the one with children is permitted to marry, as she herself is deemed credible with regard to her husband’s death, and her children exempt her from levirate marriage. But the one without children is prohibited from marrying, as the death of her yavam has not been corroborated independently of her sister-in-law’s testimony. If there were two additional yevamin with whom these two widows entered into levirate marriage, and then the yevamin died childless, the women are prohibited from marrying, since the concern about an additional living yavam still remains. Rabbi Elazar says: Since these women were permitted to marry the living brothers-in-law, as the testimony of each was deemed credible with regard to her own status, they are permitted, from then on, to marry any man because their statements, taken together, indicate that neither one is obligated to enter into levirate marriage.",
+ "One may testify that a man died only if he can testify about seeing the countenance [partzuf ] of the face with the nose, as this allows one to identify the individual with certainty. Although there are distinguishing marks [simanim] on his body and his personal belongings, which appear to indicate his identity, one may not rely on these as identification. Furthermore, one may not testify that a person died until his soul actually departs. And even if one saw him cut open and severely wounded, or crucified, or with a wild animal eating parts of him, he may not testify that he died. Additionally, one may testify to someone’s death only when the body was witnessed up to three days following death and not after that, since the appearance may change due to decomposition. Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava says: One cannot establish general guidelines for this matter because not every person, nor every place, nor every hour is identical. Decomposition is not uniform. It occurs at different rates in different situations.",
+ "If a man fell into the water and did not come out, whether the body of water has a visible end or does not have a visible end, his wife is prohibited from remarrying. There is no absolute proof that the man died, as it is possible that he emerged from the water some distance away. Rabbi Meir said: An incident occurred involving a certain person who fell into the Great Cistern and emerged only after three days. This is evidence that sometimes one may survive a fall into water, even when everyone assumes he is dead. Rabbi Yosei said: An incident occurred involving a blind man who descended to immerse for ritual purity in a cave, and his guide descended after him, and they disappeared there, and they remained there long enough for their souls to have departed, and the Sages permitted their wives to marry because they had disappeared into the water and not emerged. And there was another incident in Asya in which they lowered a certain man into the sea on a rope, and when they pulled the rope back to land only his leg came up in their hands, and they were not certain whether he was alive or dead. The Sages said: If his leg was cut from the knee and above, his wife may marry, as he did not survive such a wound; if his leg was cut only from the knee and below, she may not marry.",
+ "Even if one heard from the women, who were saying: So-and-so died, this is sufficient in order to testify to his death. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even if one heard from the children, who were saying: We are going to eulogize and bury so-and-so, that is also sufficient. Furthermore, one may rely upon someone mentioning that a man died, regardless of whether the speaker intends to testify and thereby allow the man’s wife to remarry or whether he does not intend to offer formal testimony. Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava says: With regard to a Jew who offers this information, it may be relied upon even if he intends for his statement to be considered formal testimony. However, with regard to a gentile, if he intended to testify, his testimony is not considered valid testimony. His statement is relied upon only when he does not intend to state it as formal testimony.",
+ "Witnesses may testify that an individual died even if they saw his corpse only by candlelight or by moonlight. And the court may allow a woman to marry based on the statement of a disembodied voice proclaiming that her husband died. There was an incident with regard to a certain individual who stood at the top of a mountain and said: So-and-so, son of so-and-so, from such and such a place died. They went and found no person there, but even so they relied upon the statement and allowed the wife of the individual declared dead to marry. And there was another incident in Tzalmon, a city in the Galilee, where a particular man said: I am so-and-so, son of so-and-so. A snake bit me and I am dying. And they went and found his corpse but could not recognize him, yet they went ahead and allowed his wife to marry based on what he said in his dying moments.",
+ "Rabbi Akiva said: When I descended to Neharde’a, in Babylonia, to intercalate the year, I found the Sage Neḥemya of Beit D’li. He said to me: I heard that the Sages in Eretz Yisrael do not allow a woman to remarry based on the testimony of a single witness, except for Yehuda ben Bava. And I told him: That is so. He said to me: Tell the Sages in my name: You know that the country is confounded by army troops, and I cannot come myself. I declare that I received this tradition from Rabban Gamliel the Elder, that the court may allow a woman to remarry based on the testimony of a single witness. Rabbi Akiva continues: And when I came and presented the matter before Rabban Gamliel of Yavne, the grandson of Rabban Gamliel the Elder, he rejoiced at my words and said: We have found a companion who agrees with Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava, and since his lenient opinion is no longer the opinion of a lone Sage, it may now be relied upon. As a result of this event, Rabban Gamliel remembered that people were murdered in Tel Arza, and Rabban Gamliel then allowed their wives to remarry based on only one witness. And from then onward they established as protocol to allow a woman to remarry based on hearsay testimony, a slave’s testimony, a woman’s testimony, or a maidservant’s testimony. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua say: The court may not allow a woman to remarry based on only one witness. Rabbi Akiva says: The court may not allow a woman to marry based on the testimony of a woman, nor based on the testimony of a slave, nor based on the testimony of a maidservant, nor based on the testimony of close relatives. They said to Rabbi Akiva: Do we not rely upon a woman’s testimony? After all, an incident occurred involving Levites who traveled to Tzoar, the city of date palms. And one of them became ill, and they brought him to an inn [pundak] to rest, while they continued on their travels. Upon their return to the inn they said to the innkeeper, who was a woman: Where is our friend? She told them: He died, and I buried him. And based on her testimony they allowed his wife to remarry. And shouldn’t a priestess, or any Jewish woman who testifies that a man died, be deemed as credible as an innkeeper? Rabbi Akiva said to them: When a woman will be as convincing as the innkeeper, then she shall also be deemed credible. The innkeeper brought them his staff, and his bag, and the Torah scroll that was in his possession, thereby providing supporting evidence to reinforce her claim."
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+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה נָשִׁים פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, \nמִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם, עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם: \nבִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בְּנוֹ; \nוּבַת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, וּבַת בְּנָהּ; \nחֲמוֹתוֹ, וְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ, וְאֵם חָמִיו; \nוַאֲחוֹתוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאִמּוֹ, \nוְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, \nוְכַלָּתוֹ. \n\nב\nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן \nמִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם, \nעַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם. \nוְכֻלָּן אִם מֵתוּ, אוֹ מֵאֵנוּ, אוֹ נִתְגָּרָשׁוּ, \nאוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, \nצָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת. \nאֵין אַתְּ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר בַּחֲמוֹתוֹ, \nוְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ וְאֵם חָמִיו, \nשֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת אוֹ שֶׁמֵּאֵנוּ. \n",
+ "ג\nכֵּיצַד פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן? <צָרוֹתֵיהֶם>\nהָיְתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, \nוְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וּמֵת, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁבִּתּוֹ פְטוּרָה, כָּךְ צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה. \nהָלְכָה צָרַת בִּתּוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, \nוְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וּמֵת, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁצָּרַת בִּתּוֹ פְטוּרָה, \nכָּךְ צָרַת צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה. \n\nד\nכֵּיצַד אִם מֵתוּ הֵן, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת? <צָרוֹתֵיהֶם>\nהָיְתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, \nוְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, \nמֵתָה בִתּוֹ, אוֹ נִתְגָּרָשָׁה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו, \nצָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת. \nוְכָל הַיְכוּלָה לְמָאֵן וְלֹא מֵאֵנָה, \nצָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ה\nשֵׁשׁ עֲרָיוֹת חֲמוּרוֹת מֵאֵלּוּ, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נשׁוּאוֹת לַאֲחֵרִים, \nצָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת: <צָרוֹתֵיהֶם>\nאִמּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָבִיו, וַאֲחוֹת אָבִיו; \nוַאֲחוֹתוֹ מֵאָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו. \n",
+ "ו\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מַתִּירִים אֶת הַצָּרוֹת לְאַחִים, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. \nחָלָצוּ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. \nנִתְיַבָּמוּ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מַכְשִׁירִים, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵית שַׁמַּי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית הֶלֵּל, \nוְלֹא בֵית הֶלֵּל מִבֵּית שַׁמַּי. \nכָּל הַטְּהָרוֹת וְהַטְּמָאוֹת \nשֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ עוֹשִׂין טְהָרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּב אֵלּוּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכֵּיצַד אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ? \nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, וְנוֹלַד לָהֶם אָח, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ יִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וּמֵת, \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצָא מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וּמֵת, \nשְׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ב\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nיִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לָהֶן אָח, וּמֵת, \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצָא מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וּמֵת, \nהַשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nמְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, \nאוֹ חוֹלֵץ לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה. \n",
+ "[ג]\nכְּלָל אָמְרוּ בִיבָמָה: \nכָּל שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, \nלֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת; \nאִסּוּר מִצְוָה, וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, \nחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nאֲחוֹתָהּ כְּשֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, \nאוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת, אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ד\nאִסּוּר מִצְוָה: \nשְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. <עֲרָיוֹת במקום שְׁנִיּוֹת> \nאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה: \nאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nמַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַמַּמְזֵר לְלַנָּתִין. \n",
+ "ה\nמִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אָח מִכָּל מָקוֹם, \nזוֹקֵק אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו לַיִּבּוּם. \nוְאָחִיו לְכָל דָּבָר, \nחוּץ מִמַּה שֶּׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית. \n\nו\nמִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ בֵן מִכָּל מָקוֹם, \nפּוֹטֵר אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו מִן הַיִּבּוּם, \nוְחַיָּב עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ. \nוּבְנוֹ הוּא לְכָל דָּבָר, \nחוּץ מִמַּה שֶּׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית. \n",
+ "ז\nמִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אַחַת מִשְּׁתֵי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן קִדֵּשׁ, \nנוֹתֵן גֵּט לָזוֹ וְגֵּט לָזוֹ. \nמֵת, וְלוֹ אָח אֶחָד, חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן. \nהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \nוְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם. \n",
+ "ח\nשְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nזֶה אֵינוּ יוֹדֵעַ לְאֵי זוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, \nוְזֶה אֵינוּ יוֹדֵעַ לְאֵי זוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, \nזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּים, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּים. \nמֵתוּ, לָזֶה אָח וְלָזֶה אָח, \nזֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶם, וְזֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶם. \nלָזֶה אֶחָד וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, \nהַיְּחִידִי חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶם, \nוְהַשְּׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \nאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנָסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִים מִיָּדָם. \n\nט\nלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, \nאָחִיו שֶׁלָּזֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת, \nוְאָחִיו שֶׁלָּזֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת; \nאָחִיו שֶׁלָּזֶה מְיַבֵּם אֶת חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה, \nוְאָחִיו שֶׁלָּזֶה מְיַבֵּם אֶת חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה. \nקָדְמוּ שְׁנַיִם וְחָלְצוּ, לֹא יְיַבְּמוּ הַשְּׁנַיִם, \nאֶלָּא אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \nקָדְמוּ וְכָנָסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם. \n",
+ "י\nמִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. \nוְאִם קָדַם הַקָּטוֹן, זָכָה. \nהַנִּטְעָן עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה וְנִשְׁתַּחְרָרָה, \nאוֹ עַל הַנָּכְרִית וְנִתְגַּיָּרָה, \nהֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִכְנֹס. \nוְאִם כָּנַס, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדוֹ. \n\nיא\nהַנִּטְעָן עַל אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, \nוְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִתַּחַת יָדוֹ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּנַס, מוֹצִיא. \n",
+ "יב [יא!]\nהַמֵּבִיא גֵּט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמַר: \nבְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם, \nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nמֵת, \n'הֲרַגְתִּיו', 'הֲרַגְנוּהוּ', \nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \n'הֲרַגְתִּיו', לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ, \n'הֲרַגְנוּהוּ', תִּנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ. \n",
+ "יג [יב!]\nהֶחָכָם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַנֶּדֶר עַל בַּעְלָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׂאֶנָּה. \nמֵאֵנָה, אוֹ שֶׁחָלְצָה בְפָנָיו, \nיִשָּׂאֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא תְנַי בֵּית דִּין. \nוְכֻלָּם שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם נָשִׁים וּמֵתוּ, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶם. \nוְכֻלָּם שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאוּ לַאֲחֵרִים, נִתְאַלְמְנוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לְהִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶן. \nוְכֻלָּם מֻתָּרוֹת לִבְנֵיהֶם וְלַאֲחֵיהֶם. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאַרְבָּעָה אַחִין: \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוּמֵתוּ הַנְּשׁוּאִין אֶת הָאַחְיוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת, \nאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנָסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: יְקַיְּמוּ. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: יוֹצִיאוּ. \n",
+ "ב\nהָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה לְאֶחָד אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, \nאָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ, \nוְהַשֵּׁנִי אָסוּר בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶם. \nאִסּוּר מִצְוָה וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, \nחוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. \n",
+ "ג\nהָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, \nהָאָסוּר לָזֶה מֻתָּר לָזֶה, \nוְהָאָסוּר לָזֶה מֻתָּר לָזֶה. \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ: \nאֲחוֹתָהּ, כְּשֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, \nאוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ד\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nאוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ, \nאוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, \nאוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בְּנָהּ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. \nהָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, \nאָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ; \nאִסּוּר מִצְוָה וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, \nחוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, וְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה, \nמֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְהַלָּז תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט וּבַחֲלִיצָה, \nוְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ: \nאִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. <אִילוּ>\n",
+ "ו\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, <נָשׂוּאִי! וכך כולם>\nמֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְכָנַס הַנָּשׂוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵת, \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצָא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשֵּׁם צָרָתָהּ. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וּמֵת, \nנָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n\nז\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית; \nמֵת הַנָּשׁוּי נָכְרִית, \nכָּנַס אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֵת, \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצָא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשֵּׁם צָרָתָהּ. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וּמֵת, \nנָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ח\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית; \nמֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת, \nכָּנַס (אֶחָד) הַנָּשׁוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוּמֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּשֵּׁנִי, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת הַנָּשׁוּי נָכְרִית, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, \nהוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אַחַת. \n\nט\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׁוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית. \nגֵּרַשׁ אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוּמֵת הַנָּשׁוּי נָכְרִית, \nוּכְנָסָהּ הַמְגָרֵשׁ, וּמֵת, \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nשֶׁאִם מֵתוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, צָרוֹתֵיהֶם מֻתָּרוֹת. \n",
+ "י\nוְכֻלָּם שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶן קִדּוּשִׁין אוֹ גֵרוּשִׁין בְּסָפֵק, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. \nכֵּיצַד סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין אוֹ גֵרוּשִׁים? \nזָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ, \nזֶה סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין. \nכֵּיצַד סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין? \nכָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, \nיֵשׁ לוֹ עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמַן, \nיֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמַן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, \nזֶהוּ סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין. \n",
+ "יא\nשְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים נְשׁוּאִים שָׁלוֹשׁ נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת, \nמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nוְעָשָׂה בָהּ הַשֵּׁנִי מַאֲמָר, וּמֵת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כה,ה) \n\"וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶם... יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ\", \nשֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת יָבָם אֶחָד, \nוְלֹא שֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת שְׁנֵי יְבָמִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nמְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. \n\nיב\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים נְשׁוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּשֵּׁנִי, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, \nהוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אַחַת. \n",
+ "יג\nשְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, \nבְּשָׁעַת כְּנֵיסָתָן לַחֻפָּה, \nהֶחְלִיפוּ אֶת שֶׁלָּזֶה בָזֶה וְאֶת שֶׁלָּזֶה בָזֶה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. \nוְאִם הָיוּ אַחִים, מִשֵּׁם אֵשֶׁת אָח. \nוְאִם הָיוּ אַחְיוֹת, מִשּׁוּם 'וְאִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ'. \nוְאִם הָיוּ נִדּוֹת, מִשּׁוּם נִדָּה. \nמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתָם שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים, \nשֶׁמֵּא מְעֻבָּרוֹת הֵן. \nוְאִם הָיוּ קְטַנּוֹת וְלֹא רְאוּיוֹת לַוָּלֶד, \nמַחְזִירִין אוֹתָן מִיָּד. \nוְאִם הָיוּ כֹהֲנוֹת, נִפְסָלוּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוֶּלֶד שֶׁלְּקַיָּמָה, \nהוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, \nוְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, \nוְלֹא נִפְסָלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה; \nוְאִם אֵין הַוָּלֶד שֶׁלְּקַיָּמָה, \nהוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, \nוְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, \nוּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \n",
+ "הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוֶּלֶד שֶׁלְּקַיָּמָא, \nיוֹצִיא, וְחַיָּבִין בַּקָּרְבָּן, \nוְאִם אֵין הַוֶּלֶד שֶׁלְּקַיָּמָא, יְקַיֵּם. \nסָפֵק בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, \nוּבֶן שִׁבְעָה לַשֵּׁנִי, \nיוֹצִיא, וְהַוָּלֶד כָּשֵׁר, \nוְחַיָּבִים אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. \n",
+ "ב\nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים, \nמוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּי וּבֵית הֶלֵּל, \nשֶׁהִיא מוֹכֶרֶת וְנוֹתֶנֶת, וְקַיָּם. \nמֵתָה, \nמַה יַּעֲשׁוּ בִכְתֻבָּתָהּ וּבִנְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִין וְהַיּוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ? \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nיַחֲלֹקוּ יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל עִם יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nהַנְּכָסִים, בְּחֶזְקָתָן, \nוּכְתֻבָּה, בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל, \nוּנְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִין וְהַיּוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ, \nבְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. \n",
+ "ג\nכְּנָסָהּ, \nהֲרֵי הִיא כְאִשְׁתּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעֲלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן. \n",
+ "ד\nמִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. \nלֹא רָצָה, מְהַלְּכִין עַל כָּל הָאַחִין. \nלֹא רָצוּ, חוֹזְרִים אֵצֶל הַגָּדוֹל וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ: \nעָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ, אוֹ יַבֵּם! \n",
+ "ה\nתָּלָה בַקָּטוֹן עַד שֶׁיַּגְדִּיל, \nוּבַגָּדוֹל עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, \nוּבַחֵרֵשׁ וּבַשּׁוֹטֶה, \nאֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִין לוֹ: \nעָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ, אוֹ יַבֵּם!\n",
+ "ו\nהַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, \nהֲרֵי הוּא כְאֶחָד מִכָּל הָאַחִים בַּנַּחֲלָה. \nאִם יֶשׁ אָב, הַנְּכָסִים שֶׁלָּאָב. \nהַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, זָכָה בְנִכְסֵי אָחִיו. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, אִם יֶשׁ אָב, הַנְּכָסִים שֶׁלָּאָב. \n\nז\nהַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, \nהוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו. \nהוּא אָסוּר בְּאִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אָבִיהָ, \nוּבְבִתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בִּתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בְּנָהּ, \nוּבַאֲחוֹתָהּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא קַיֶּמֶת. \nהָאַחִין מֻתָּרִין. \nוְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בְאָבִיו, וּבַאֲבִי אָבִיו, \nוּבִבְנוֹ, וּבְבֶן בְּנוֹ, \nבְּאָחִיו, וּבְבֶן אָחִיו. \nמֻתָּר אָדָם בִּקְרוֹבַת צָרַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, \nוְאָסוּר בְּצָרַת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ. \n",
+ "ח\nהַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, \nוְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וּמֵת, \nחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nוְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וּמֵת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ פְטוּרָה. \n",
+ "ט\nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, \nמִשֵּׁם רְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתִירָה אָמָרוּ: \nאוֹמְרִים לוֹ: \nהַמְתֵּן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אָחִיךָ הַגָּדוֹל מַעֲשֶׂה! \nחָלְצוּ אָחִים אוֹ כָנָסוּ, \nיִכְנֹס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nמֵתָה הַיְבָמָה, יִכְנֹס. \nמֵת הַיָּבָם, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט, \nוְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. \n",
+ "י\nהַיְבָמָה לֹא תַחֲלֹץ וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהוּ לָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים. \nוְכֵן שְׁאָר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים, \nלֹא יִנָּשְׂאוּ וְלֹא יִתְאָרְסוּ, \nעַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לָהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים, \nאֶחָד בְּתוּלוֹת וְאֶחָד בְּעוּלוֹת וְאֶחָד אַלְמָנוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד גְּרוּשׁוֹת וְאֶחָד אֲרוּסוֹת וְאֶחָד נְשׁוּאוֹת. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַנְּשׁוּאוֹת יִתְאָרְסוּ וְהָאֲרוּסוֹת יִנָּשֵׂאוּ, \nחוּץ מִן הָאֲרוּסָה שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַנָּשִׁים יִתְאָרְסוּ, \nחוּץ מִן הָאַלְמָנָה, מִפְּנֵי הָאִבּוּל. \n",
+ "יא\nאַרְבָּעָה אַחִין נְשׁוּאִין אַרְבַּע נָשִׁים, וּמֵתוּ, \nאִם רָצָה הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּהֶן לְיַבֵּם אֶת כֻּלָּם, \nהָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ. \nמִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים וּמֵת, \nבִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁלְּאַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. \nהָיְתָה אַחַת כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאַחַת פְּסוּלָה, \nאִם הָיָה חוֹלֵץ, חוֹלֵץ לִפְסוּלָה; \nוְאִם הָיָה מְיַבֵּם, מְיַבֵּם לִכְשֵׁרָה. \n",
+ "יב\nהַמַּחְזִיר אֶת גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ, \nוְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, \nוְהַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, \nיוֹצִיא, וְהַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין הַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר. \nוּמוֹדִים בְּנוֹשֵׂא אֶת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, \nשֶׁהַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר. \n",
+ "יג\nאֵי זֶה הוּא מַמְזֵר? \nכָּל שְׁאֵר בָּשָׂר שֶׁהוּא 'בַּל יָבֹא'. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nשִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּמְנִי אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלָיו כָּרֵת בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. \nוַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלָיו מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין. \n\nיד\nיד\nאָמַר רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּי: <ר' הוסף על ידי המגיה>\nמָצָאתִי מְגִלַּת יֹחָסִים בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְכָתוּב בָּהּ: \n'אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מַמְזֵר מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ', \nלְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. \n\nיה\nאִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. \nגֵּרְשָׁהּ וּמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. \nיְבִמְתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. \nחָלַץ לָהּ וּמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. \nנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וּמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, \nוְלֹא מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, \nוְלֹא בְעִילָה אַחַר בְּעִילָה, \nוְלֹא חֲלִיצָה אַחַר חֲלִיצָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיֵשׁ גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְאַחַר מַאֲמָר,\nאֲבָל לֹא אַחַר בְּעִילָה וְלֹא אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. \n",
+ "ב\nכֵּיצַד? \nעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בִּיבִמְתּוֹ, נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, \nצְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר וְחָלַץ, \nצְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט. \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר וּבָעַל, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ כְמִצְוָתָהּ. \n",
+ "ג\nנָתַן גֵּט, וְעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nנָתַן גֵּט, וּבָעַל, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nנָתַן גֵּט, וְחָלַץ, \nאֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. \n\nד\nחָלַץ, וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט, וּבָעַל, \nאוֹ בָּעַל, וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, \nאֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. \nאֶחָד יְבָמָה אַחַת וְאֶחָד שְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת. \n",
+ "ה\nכֵּיצַד? \nעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, וּמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, \nצְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּים וַחֲלִיצָה. \nמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, וְגֵּט בָּזוֹ, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, וּבָעַל לָזוֹ, \nצְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּים וַחֲלִיצָה. \nמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, וְגֵט לָזוֹ,\nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, \nרִאשׁוֹנָה צְרִיכָה גֵט. \n\nו\nגֵּט לָזוֹ, וְגֵט לָזוֹ, \nצְרִיכוֹת הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. \nגֵּט לָזוֹ, וּבָעַל לָזוֹ, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nגֵּט לָזוֹ, וּמַאֲמָר לָזוֹ, \nצְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. \nגֵּט לָזוֹ, וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, \nאֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. \n",
+ "ז\nחָלַץ וְחָלַץ, \nחָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, \nנָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, \nאוֹ בָּעַל וּבָעַל, \nאוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, \nנָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, \nאֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, \nבֵּין יָבָם אֶחָד לִשְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, \nבֵּין שְׁנֵי יְבָמִין לִיבָמָה אַחַת. \n",
+ "ח\nחָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, \nנָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, \nאוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, \nנָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, \nאֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, \nבֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף. <בֵּין בְּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בְּסוֹף> \nהַבְּעִילָה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא כַתְּחִלָּה, אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם. \nרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֶחָד בְּעִילָה וְאֶחָד חֲלִיצָה, \nבֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, \nאֵין אַחֲרֵיהֶן כְלוּם. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nבֵּין שׁוֹגֵג, בֵּין מֵזִיד, בֵּין בְּאֹנֶס, בֵּין בְּרָצוֹן, \nאֲפִלּוּ הוּא שׁוֹגֵג וְהִיא מְזִידָה, \nהוּא מֵזִיד וְהִיא שׁוֹגֶגֶת, \nהוּא אָנוּס וְהִיא לֹא אֲנוּסָה, \nהִיא אֲנוּסָה וְהוּא לֹא אָנוּס, \nאֶחָד הַמְּעָרֶה וְאֶחָד הַגּוֹמֵר, \nקָנָה. \nוְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה. \n",
+ "ב\nוְכֵן הַבָּא עַל אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, \nאוֹ פְסוּלוֹת, אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nמַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַמַּמְזֵר וְלַנָּתִין, \nפָּסַל. \nוְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה. \n",
+ "ג\nאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nמִן הָאֵרוּסִין, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בִתְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין. \nנִתְאַלְמְנוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרָשׁוּ, \nמִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, פְּסוּלוֹת, \nוּמִן הָאֵרוּסִין, כְּשֵׁרוֹת. \n",
+ "ד\nכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל לֹא יִשָּׂא אַלְמָנָה, \nבֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, \nבֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין. \nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת הַבּוֹגֶרֶת. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין בַּבּוֹגֶרֶת. \n\nה\nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת מֻכַּת עֵץ. \nאֵרַס אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, וְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nיִכְנֹס. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן גַּמְלָא, \nשֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת מַרְתָה בַּת בַּיְתוֹס, \nוּמִנָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nוּכְנָסָהּ. \nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nוְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, \nלֹא יִכְנֹס. \nכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת אָחִיו, \nחוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. \n",
+ "ו\nכֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אַיְלוֹנִית, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים. <אֵם כֵּן> \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים, \nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אַיְלוֹנִית, \nשֶׁהִיא זוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַתּוֹרָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין זוֹנָה אֶלָּא גִיּוֹרֶת וּמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת, \nוְשֶׁנִּבְעֲלָה בְעִילַת זְנוּת. \n",
+ "ז\nלֹא יִבָּטֵל אָדָם מִפִּרְיָה וְרִבְיָה, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לוֹ בָנִים. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (בראשית ה,ב) \n\"זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בְרָאָם\". \nנָשָׂא אִשָּׁה, וְשָׁהָה עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וְלֹא יָלְדָה, \nאֵינוּ רַשַּׁי לִבָּטֵל. \nגֵּרְשָׁהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִנָּשֵׂא לְאַחֵר. \nרַשַּׁי הַשֵּׁנִי לִשְׁהוֹת עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים. \nוְאִם הִפִּילָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהִפִּילָה. \nהָאִישׁ מְצֻוֶּה עַל פִּרְיָה וְרִבְיָה, \nאֲבָל לֹא הָאִשָּׁה. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר: \nעַל שְׁנֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר (בראשית א,כח) \n\"וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם אֱלהִים: \nפְּרוּ וּרְבוּ!\" \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nהִכְנִיסָה לּוֹ עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג וְעַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, \nעַבְדֵי מְלוֹג לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בִתְרוּמָה, \nוְעַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל יֹאכְלוּ. \nוְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג: \nאִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לָהּ, \nוְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לָהּ. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתָן, \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ בִתְרוּמָה. \n\nב\nוְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל: \nאִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לוֹ, \nוְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לוֹ. \nהוֹאִיל וְהוּא חַיָּב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכֵלוּ. \n",
+ "ג\nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְהִכְנִיסָה לוֹ בֵין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, \nוּבֵין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכֵלוּ. \nוּבַת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְהִכְנִיסָה לּוֹ בֵּין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, \nוּבֵין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ. \n",
+ "ד\nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, \nלֹא יֹאכֵלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בִתְרוּמָה, \nמִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁלָּעֹבֶר. \nהָעֹבֶר פּוֹסֵל וְאֵינוּ מַאֲכִיל. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יוֹסֵה. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמֵאַחַר שֶׁהֵעַדֹתָ בָּנוּ עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְעַל בַּת כֹּהֵן לַכֹּהֵן, \nמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בִתְרוּמָה, \nמִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁלָּעֹבֶר. \n",
+ "ה\nהָעֹבֶר, וְהַיָּבָם, וְהָאֵרוּסִין, \nוְהַחֵרֵשׁ, וּבֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nפּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִין. \nסָפֵק שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nסָפֵק שֶׁאֵינוּ בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nסָפֵק שֶׁהֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, \nסָפֵק שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא, \nנָפַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו וְעַל בַּת אָחִיו, <בן. בגליון: ס\"א בת>\nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה מֵת רִאשׁוֹן, \nצָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "ו\nהָאוֹנֵס, וְהַמְפַתֶּה, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, \nלֹא פוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִין. \nוְאִם אֵינָן רְאוּיִין לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהָיָה יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת כֹּהֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nעִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nנִתְחַתַּךְ הָעֹבֶר בְּמֵעֶיהָ, תֹּאכַל. \nהָיָה כֹהֵן שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nעִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל; \nיָלְדָה, תֹּאכַל. \nנִמְצָא כֹחוֹ שֶׁלַּבֵּן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁלָּאָב. \n\nז\nהָעֶבֶד פּוֹסֵל מִשֵּׁם בִּיאָה, וְאֵינוּ פוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם זֶרַע. \nכֵּיצַד? \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nוְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן וְנִכְבַּשׁ עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nהֲרֵי זֶה עֶבֶד. \nהָיְתָה אֵם אָבִיו בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nבַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n\nח\nמַמְזֵר פּוֹסֵל וּמַאֲכִיל. \nכֵּיצַד? \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בַת, \nוְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לְעֶבֶד, \nוְנִשֵּׂאת לַנָּכְרִי, וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nהֲרֵי זֶה מַמְזֵר. \nהָיְתָה אֵם אִמּוֹ בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nוּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n",
+ "ט\nכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל. \nכֵּיצַד? \nבַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בַת, \nוְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nהֲרֵי זֶה רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nעוֹמֵד וּמְשַׁמֵּשׁ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּח, \nמַאֲכִיל אֶת אִמּוֹ, \nוּפוֹסֵל אֶת אֵם אִמּוֹ. \nזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת: \n\"לֹא כִבְנִי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nשֶׁהוּא פוֹסְלַנִי מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהֶעָרֵל וְכָל הַטְּמֵאִים, \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ בִתְרוּמָה. \nנְשֵׁיהֶם וְעַבְדֵיהֶם יֹאכֵלוּ. \nפְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, \nהֵם וְעַבְדֵיהֶם אוֹכְלִים, \nוּנְשֵׁיהֶם לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ. \nוְאִם לֹא יְדָעָהּ מִשֶּׁנֶּעֱשָׂה פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכֵלוּ. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵי זֶה פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא? \nכָּל שֶׁנִּפְצְעוּ בֵיצִים שֶׁלּוֹ, \nאֲפִלּוּ אַחַת מֵהֶן. \nוּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה? \nשֶׁנִּכְרַת הַגִּיד. \nוְנִשְׁתַּיַּר בָּעֲטָרָה אֲפִלּוּ כַחוּט, \nכָּשֵׁר. \nפְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, \nמֻתָּרִין בַּגִּיּוֹרֶת וּבַמְּשֻׁחְרֶרֶת, \nוְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא מִלָּבֹא בַקָּהָל, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דְּבָרִים כג,ב) \n\"לֹא יָבֹא פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה בִּקְהַל יי\". \n",
+ "ג\nעַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, \nאֲבָל נְקֵבוֹתֵיהֶם מֻתָּרוֹת מִיָּד. \nמִצְרִי וַאֲדוֹמִי, \nאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, \nאֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת. \n[רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד.] \nאָמַר רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: \nקַל וָחֹמֶר הַדְּבָרִים: \nוּמָה, אִם בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, \nהִתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד, \nמְקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא אָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים \nאֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, \nאֵינוּ דִין שֶׁנַּתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"אִם הֲלָכָה, נְקַבֵּל, \nוְאִם לַדִּין, יֵשׁ תְּשׁוּבָה.\" \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \n\"לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא הֲלָכָה אֲנִי אוֹמֵר!\" \nמַמְזֵרִין וּנְתִינִין אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, \nאֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת. \n",
+ "ד\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nשָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁהַסָּרִיס חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִים לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְהַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ, וְלֹא חוֹלְצִים לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְאֵין לִי לְפָרֵשׁ. \nאָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nאֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ: \nסְרִיס אָדָם חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִים [לְאִשְׁתּוֹ], \nשֶׁהָיְתָה לוֹ שָׁעַת כֹּשֶׁר. \nסְרִיס חַמָּה לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִים לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nשֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה [לוֹ] שָׁעַת כֹּשֶׁר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא כִי, \nאֶלָּא סְרִיס חַמָּה חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nשֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רְפוּאָה. \nסְרִיס אָדָם לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִים לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, \nשֶׁאֵין לוֹ רְפוּאָה. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתִירָה \nעַל בֶּן מָגוֹסֶת, שֶׁהָיָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם סְרִיס אָדָם, \nוְיִבְּמוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nלְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \n",
+ "ה\nהַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ, וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. \nוְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת, וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nהַסָּרִיס שֶׁחָלַץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, לֹא פְסָלָהּ; \nבְּעָלָהּ, פְּסָלָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא בְּעִילַת זְנוּת. \n\nו\nוְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית שֶׁחָלְצוּ לָהּ אַחִים, לֹא פְסָלוּהָ; \nבְּעָלוּהָ, פְּסָלוּהָ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא בְּעִילַת זְנוּת. \n",
+ "ז\nסְרִיס חַמָּה כֹהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא לְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמַאֲכִילָהּ בִּתְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: \nאַנְדְּרוֹגִינָס כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא לְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמַאֲכִילָהּ בִּתְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nטוֹמְטוֹם שֶׁנִּקְרַע וְנִמְצָא זָכָר, \nלֹא יַחֲלֹץ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּסָרִיס. \nאַנְדּרוֹגִינָס נוֹשֵׂא, אֲבָל לֹא נִשָּׂא. <נִשֵּׂא>\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nחַיָּבִין עָלָיו סְקִילָה כַּזָּכָר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nיֵשׁ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לְאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ, \nוַאֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. \n\nב\nאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן: \nכֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל; \nכָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא כְשֵׁרָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח חָלָל; \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא יִשְׂרְאֵלִית, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר; \nמַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן. \n",
+ "ג\nאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶם: \nכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט; \nכָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח חָלָל; \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר; \nמַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא יִשְׂרְאֵלִית, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמֻתָּרוֹת לִיבִמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן. \n\nד\nאֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ: \nכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנָּשָׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אוֹ כֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט; \nכָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח כָּשֵׁר; \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל; \nמַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא יִשְׂרְאֵלִית, \nוְיֵשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, \nאֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן וְלִיבִמֵיהֶן. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: \nשְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם, \nאֲסוּרָה לַבַּעַל וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. \nשְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל, \nאֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַבַּעַל. \nשְׁנִיָּה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה, \nאֲסוּרָה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה. \nאֵין לָהּ לֹא כְתֻבָּה, וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, \nוְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָיוֹת, \nוְהַוָּלֶד כָּשֵׁר, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא. \nאַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, \nגְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, \nמַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַמַּמְזֵר וְלַנָּתִין, \nוְיֵשׁ לָהֶן כְּתֻבָּה. \n",
+ "ו\nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לַכֹּהֵן, \nמְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, \nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לַלֵּוִי, \nמְעֻבֶּרֶת מִלֵּוִי, \nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לַלֵּוִי, \nוְכֵן בַּת לֵוִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nבַּת לֵוִי מְאֹרֶסֶת לַכֹּהֵן, \nמְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, \nשׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לַלֵּוִי, \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ לֹא בִתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. \n",
+ "ז\nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nמֵת, וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nנִשֵּׂאת לַלֵּוִי, \nתֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר; \nמֵת, וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nנִשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בִתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. \n\nח\nמֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, \nתֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nמִלֵּוִי, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nמֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, \nלֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בִתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. \n",
+ "ט\nבַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nמֵת, וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nנִשֵּׂאת לַלֵּוִי, \nתֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר; \nמֵת, וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nנִשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה; \nמֵת, וְלָהּ מִמֶּנּוּ בֵן, \nתֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nמֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nמִלֵּוִי, \nלֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nמֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, \nחוֹזֶרֶת בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ. עַל זוֹ נֶאֱמַר: (ויקרא כב,יג) \n\"וְשָׁבָה אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִנְעוּרֶיהָ, \nמִלֶּחֶם אָבִיהָ תֹאכֵל\". \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n\"מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ\", \nוְנִשֵּׂאת, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, \nתֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, \nוּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. \nאֵין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה, וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, \nוְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָיוֹת עַל זֶה וְעַל זֶה. \nאִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחְזִיר. \nוְהַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. \nלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמִּין לָהּ. \nוְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִים לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ, \nוְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וְלֹא בְהָפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. \nהָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסָלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, \nוּבַת לֵוִי, מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, \nוּבַת כֹּהֵן, מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. \nאֵין יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁלָּזֶה וְיוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁלָּזֶה יוֹרְשִׁין כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. \nמֵתוּ אָחִים שֶׁלָּזֶה וְאָחִין שֶׁלָּזֶה, \nחוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. \n\nב\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכְּתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nהָרִאשׁוֹן זַכַּי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, \nוּבְהָפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nבִּיאָתָהּ וַחֲלִיצָתָהּ מֵאָחִין שֶׁלָּרִאשׁוֹן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ, \nוְאֵין הַוָּלֶד מַמְזֵר. \nוְאִם נִשֵּׂאת שֶׁלֹּא בִרְשׁוּת, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַחְזֹר לוֹ. \n",
+ "ג\nנִשֵּׂאת עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, \nתֵּצֵא, וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. \nוְשֶׁלֹּא עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, \nתֵּצֵא, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן. \nיִפָּה כֹחָן שֶׁלְּבֵית דִּין, \nשֶׁפְּטוּרָה מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. \nהוֹרוּהָ בֵית דִּין לְהִנָּשֵׂא, \nוְהָלְכָה וְקִלְקְלָה, \nחַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן, \nשֶׁלֹּא הִתִּירוּהָ אֶלָּא לְהִנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ד\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ וּבְנָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנֵךְ', \nוְנִשֵּׂאת, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים', \nתֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלֶד הָרִאשׁוֹן וְהָאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. \n\nה\nאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'מֵת בְּנֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ', \nוְנִתְיַבְּמָה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים', \nתֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלֶד הָרִאשׁוֹן וְהָאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. \n\nו\nאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ', \nוְנִשּׂאֵת, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'קַיָּם הָיָה וּמֵת', \nתֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלֶד הָרִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, \nוְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוּ מַמְזֵר. \n\nז\nאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \n'מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ', \nוְנִתְקַדְּשָׁה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזוֹר לוֹ. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן גֵּט, \nלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \nזֶה מִדְרָשׁ דָרַשׁ רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן מַתְיָה: (ויקרא כא,ז)\n\"וְאִשָּׁה גְרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָּׁהּ\" \nלֹא מֵאִישׁ שֶׁאֵינוּ אִישָׁהּ. \n",
+ "ח\nמִי שֶׁהָלְכָה אִשְׁתּוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n'מֵתָה אִשְׁתָּךְ', \nוְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּאת אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזוֹר לוֹ. \nהוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹת שְׁנִיָּה, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו. \nוְאִם מֵתָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nמֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה. \n\nט\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמֵתָה אִשְׁתָּךְ, \nוְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nקַיֶּמֶת הָיַת וּמֵתָה, \nהַוָּלֶד הָרִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, \nוְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוּ מַמְזֵר. \n\nי\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, \nפּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ; \nוְשֶׁאֵינוּ פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, \nאֵינוּ פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. \n",
+ "יא\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ 'מֵתָה אִשְׁתָּךְ', \nוְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, \nמֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, \nמֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, \nמֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, \n[וְנִמְצְאוּ כֻלָּן קַיָּמוֹת], \nמֻתָּר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבַשְּׁלִישִׁית וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, \nוּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶם, \nוְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, \nוְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. \n\nיב\nוְאִם בָּא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nמֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, \nוּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶם, \nוְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, \nוְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. \n",
+ "יג\nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nהוּא פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אַחִין, \nוְאַחִין פּוֹסְלִין עַל, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא פּוֹסֵל תְּחִלָּה, \nוְהָאַחִין פּוֹסְלִין תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף. \nבָּאוּ עָלֶיהָ אַחִין וְעָשׁוּ בָהּ מַאֲמָר, \nנָתְנוּ גֵט אוֹ חָלְצוּ, \nפָּסְלוּ עַל יָדָיו. \n\nיד\nכֵּיצַד? \nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nוּפָסַל עַל יְדֵי אַחִים,\nבָּאוּ עָלֶיהָ אַחִין וְעָשׁוּ בָהּ מַאֲמָר, \nנָתְנוּ גֵט אוֹ חָלְצוּ, \nפָּסְלוּ עַל יָדָיו.\n",
+ "טו\nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא אָחִיו שֶׁהוּא בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד עָלֶיהָ,\nפָּסַל עַל יָדָיו. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא פָסַל. \n\n",
+ "יו\nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עַל צָרָתָהּ, \nפָּסַל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. \nוּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא פָסַל. \n\nיז\nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וּמֵת, \nחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nנָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וּמֵת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ פְטוּרָה. \n",
+ "יח\nבֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, \nוּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, [וּמֵת], <מִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל וְנָשָׂא>\nאִם לֹא יָדַע אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל, \nהַשְּׁנִיָּה אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nמְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. \nאֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nוְאֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nנוֹשְׂאִין עַל הָאֲנוּסָה וְעַל הַמְפֻתָּה. \nהָאוֹנֵס וְהַמְפַתֶּה עַל הַנְּשׁוּאָה, חַיָּב. \nנוֹשֵׂא הוּא אָדָם אֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו, \nאֲנוּסַת בְּנוֹ וּמְפֻתַּת בְּנוֹ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בַּאֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּבִמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו. \n",
+ "ב\nגִּיּוֹרֶת שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ, \nלֹא חוֹלְצִים וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, \nאֲפִלּוּ הוֹרָתוֹ שֶׁלָּרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא בִקְדֻשָּׁה וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה, \nוְהַשֵּׁנִי הוֹרָתוֹ וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה. \nוְכֵן הַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ. \n",
+ "ג\nחָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ וַלְדוֹתֵיהֶן, \nהִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרוּבוֹת וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים, וּמֵתוּ, \nאַרְבָּעָה חוֹלְצִים לְאַחַת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \nהוּא וּשְׁלֹשָׁה חוֹלְצִים לְאַחַת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \nנִמְצְאוּ אַרְבַּע חֲלִיצוֹת וְיִבּוּם לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. \n",
+ "ד\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְעָרַב וַלְדָהּ בִּוְלַד כַּלָּתָהּ, \nהִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרוּבוֹת וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים וּמֵתוּ, \nבְּנֵי הַכַּלָּה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, \nשֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו. \nוּבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה, אוֹ חוֹלְצִין אוֹ מְיַבְּמִין, \nשֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן אָחִיו. \nמֵתוּ כְשֵׁרִין, \nהַתַּעֲרוּבוֹת לִבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, \nשֶׁסְּפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו. \nוּבְנֵי הַכַּלָּה, \nאֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. \n",
+ "ה\nכֹּהָנֶת שֶׁנִּתְעָרַב וַלְדָּהּ בִּוְלַד שִׁפְחָתָהּ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אוֹכְלִין בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְחוֹלְקִים חֵלֶק אֶחָד עַל הַגֹּרֶן, \nאֵינָן מִטַּמִּין לַמֵּתִים, \nוְאֵינָן נוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים, \nבֵּין כְּשֵׁרוֹת בֵּין פְּסוּלוֹת. \n\nו\nהִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרוּבוֹת, \nוְשִׁחְרְרוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה, \nנוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים וּרְאוּיוֹת לִכְהֻנָּה; \nוְאֵינָן מִטַּמִּין לַמֵּתִים, \nוְאִם נִטַּמּוּ, אֵין סוֹפְגִין אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים; \nאֵין אוֹכְלִין בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם אָכָלוּ, אֵינָן מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ; \nוְאֵין חוֹלְקִין עַל הַגֹּרֶן; \nוּמוֹכְרִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, \nוְהַדָּמִין שֶׁלָּהֶן; \nוְאֵין חוֹלְקִים בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, \nוְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם קָדָשִׁים, \nוְאֵין מוֹצִיאִים אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶם מִידֵיהֶם; \nוּפְטוּרִים מִן הַזְּרוֹעַ וּמִן הַלְּחָיַיִם וּמִן הַקֵּיבָה; \nוּבְכוֹרָן יְהֵי רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב; \nוְנוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חָמְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחָמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים. \n",
+ "ז\nמִי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהַת אַחַר בַּעְלָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים, \nוְנִשֵּׂאת וְיָלְדָה, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן וְאִם בֶּן שִׁבְעָה לָאַחֲרוֹן, \nהָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וּבָנִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי, \nחוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. \nוְכֵן הוּא לָהֶם, חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. \nהָיוּ לוֹ אַחִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וְאַחִין מִן הַשֵּׁנִי, \nשֶׁלֹּא מֵאוֹתָהּ הָאֵם, \nהוּא חוֹלֵץ וּמְיַבֵּם, \nוְהֵן חוֹלְצִין וּמְיַבְּמִין.\n",
+ "ח\nהָיָה אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן, \nנָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וּרְאוּיָה לַכֹּהֵן, \nאֵינוּ מִטַּמֵּא לַמֵּתִים, \nוְאִם נִטַּמָּא, אֵינוּ סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים; \nוְאֵינוּ אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם אָכַל, אֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ; \nוְאֵינוּ חוֹלֵק עַל הַגֹּרֶן; \nוּמוֹכֵר אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִין שֶׁלּוֹ; \nוְאֵינוּ חוֹלֵק בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, \nוְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לוֹ קָדָשִׁים, \nוְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ מִיָּדוֹ; \nוּפָטוּר מִן הַזְּרוֹעַ וּמִן הַלְּחָיַיִם וּמִן הַקֵּיבָה; \nוּבְכוֹרוֹ יְהֵי רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב; \nוְנוֹתְנִין לוֹ חָמְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחָמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים. \n\nט\nהָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כֹּהֲנִים, \nהוּא אוֹנֵן עֲלֵיהֶם, וְהֵן אוֹנְנִין עָלָיו; \nהוּא אֵינוּ מִטַּמֵּא לָהֶם, וְהֵן אֵינָן מִטַּמִּין לוֹ; \nהוּא לֹא יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָם, אֲבָל הֵן יוֹרְשִׁין אוֹתוֹ; \nוּפָטוּר עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה וְשֶׁלָּזֶה; \nוְעוֹלֶה בְמִשְׁמָרוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה וְשֶׁלָּזֶה, וְאֵינוּ חוֹלֵק; \nוְאִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּמִשְׁמָר אֶחָד, \nנוֹטֵל חֵלֶק אֶחָד. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nמִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דַיָּנִים, \nאֲפִלּוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן הֶדְיוֹטוֹת. \nחָלְצָה בְמַנְעָל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה; \nבְּאַנְפֶּלְיָא, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nבְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ עָקֵב, כָּשֵׁר; \nוְשֶׁאֵין לוֹ עָקֵב, פָּסוּל. \nמִן הָאַרְכֻּבָה וּלְמַטָּן, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה; \nמִן הָאַרְכֻּבָה וּלְמַעְלָן, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \n",
+ "ב\nחָלְצָה בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁאֵינוּ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nאוֹ בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nאוֹ בְשֶׁלִּשְׂמאל בְּיָמִין, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. \nחָלְצָה בְגָדוֹל שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהַלֵּךְ בּוֹ, (כָּשֵׁר)\nאוֹ בַקָּטוֹן שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֶה אֶת רוֹב רַגְלוֹ, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. \nחָלְצָה בַלַּיְלָה, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה; \nוּרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹסֵל. \nוּבַשְּׂמאל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. \n",
+ "ג\nחָלְצָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא קָרָאת, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. \nקָרָאת וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא חָלְצָה, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nחָלְצָה וְקָרָאתָה, אֲבָל לֹא רָקְקָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה [אוֹמֵר]: \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. \n\nד\nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: (דברים כה,ט)\n\"כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה\", דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה מְעַכֵּב. \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nמִשָּׁם רְאָיָה? \n\"כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ\", דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִישׁ. \n",
+ "ה\nהַחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַץ, \nוְהַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁחָלְצָה, \nוְהַחוֹלֶצֶת לַקָּטוֹן, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nקְטַנָּה שֶׁחָלְצָה, תַּחֲלֹץ מִשֶּׁתַּגְדִּיל, \nוְאִם לֹא חָלְצָה, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \n",
+ "ו\nחָלְצָה בִשְׁנַיִם אוֹ בִשְׁלֹשָׁה, \nנִמְצָא אֶחָד מֵהֶם קָרוֹב אוֹ פָסוּל, \nחֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וּרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר מַכְשִׁירִין. \nמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁחָלְצָה בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין, <וּלְבֵית>\nבָּא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה, וְהִכְשִׁיר. \n",
+ "ז\nמִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה: \nבָּא הוּא וִיבִמְתּוֹ לִפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, \nוְהֵן נוֹתְנִין לוֹ עֵצָה אֶת הַהוֹגֵן לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים כה,ח) \n\"וְקָרְאוּ לוֹ זִקְנֵי עִירוֹ וְדִבְּרוּ אֵלָיו\". \nוְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת: (דברים כה,ז) \n\"מֵאֵן יְבָמִי לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלֹא אָבָה יַבְּמִי\". \nוְהוּא אוֹמֵר: (דברים כה,ח)\n\"לֹא חָפַצְתִּי לְקַחְתָּהּ\". \nבִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. \nוְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִין: (דברים כה,ט) \n\"וְנִגְּשָׁה יְבִמְתּוֹ אֵלָיו לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנִים, \nוְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ וְיָרְקָה בְפָנָיו\", \nרֹק שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה לַדַּיָּנִין. (דברים כה,ט) \n\"וְעָנְתָה וְאָמְרָה: \nכָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִבְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָחִיו!\" \nוְעַד כָּאן הָיוּ מַקְרִיאִים. \nוּכְשֶׁהָקְרָא רְבִּי אָרְקָנוֹס תַּחַת הָאֵלָה בִכְפַר אַכּוּס, \nוְגָמַר אֶת כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה, \nהָחְזָקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַקְרִיאִים כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. \n\nח \n(דברים כה,י) \"וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל\", \nמִצְוָה בַדַּיָּנִין וְלֹא מִצְוָה בַּתַּלְמִידִים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִצְוָה עַל כָּל הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם לוֹמַר: \n'חֲלוּץ הַנַּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנַּעַל!' \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין מְמָאֲנִין אֶלָּא אֲרוּסוֹת. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֲרוּסוֹת וּנְשׁוּאוֹת. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבַּבַּעַל. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nבַּבַּעַל וּבַיָּבָם. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּפָנָיו. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּפָנָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּבֵית דִּין. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּבֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין. \nאָמְרוּ בֵּית הֶלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּי: \nמְמָאֶנֶת וְהִיא קְטַנָּה, \nאֲפִלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nאֵין בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶפְקֵר! \nאֶלָּא מְמָאֶנֶת וּמַמְתֶּנֶת עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, \nוּתְמָאֵן וְתִנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵי זוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לְמָאֵן? \nכָּל שֶׁהִשִּׂיאוַתָּהּ אִמָּהּ אוֹ אַחֶיהָ לְדַעְתָּהּ. \nהִשִּׂיאוּהָ שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתָּהּ, אֵינָה צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. \nרְבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶן אַנְטִיגְנָס אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוּלָה לִשְׁמוֹר אֶת קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, \nאֵינָה צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מַעֲשֵׂה קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא כִמְפֻתָּה. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n",
+ "ג\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל עַכָּבָה שֶׁהִיא מִן הָאִישׁ, \nכְּאִלּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ; \nוְכָל עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ מִן הָאִישׁ, \nכְּאִלּוּ אֵינָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. \n",
+ "ד\nהַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ, \nהוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, \nוְלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \nנָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, \nהוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, \nוּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. \nנָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, \nמֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר, \nוְנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַחְזוֹר לוֹ. \nמֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, \nנָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר, \nנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, \nאֲסוּרָה לַחְזוֹר לוֹ. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nגֵּט אַחַר מֵאוּן, אֲסוּרָה לַחְזוֹר לוֹ. \nמֵאוּן אַחַר גֵּט, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחְזוֹר לוֹ. \n",
+ "ה\nהַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ, וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, \nלְאַחֵר, וּמֵאֵנָה בוֹ, \nלְאַחֵר, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, \nלְאַחֵר וּמֵאֵנָה בוֹ; \nכָּל שֶׁיָּצָאת מִמֶּנּוּ בַגֵּט, אֲסוּרָה לַחְזוֹר לוֹ; \nבַּמֵּאוּן, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחְזוֹר לוֹ. \n",
+ "ו\nהַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר. \nוְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, \nמֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר. \nקְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, \nכִּיתוֹמָה בְחַיֵּי הָאָב: \nהֶחֱזִירָהּ, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם. \n",
+ "ז\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים נְשׁוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, \nמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁלְּאַחַת מֵהֶן, \nתֵּצֵא מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה; \nוְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת, גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, \nמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁלַּקְּטַנָּה, \nתֵּצֵא מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה; \nמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁלַּגְּדוֹלָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמְלַמְּדִין אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ. \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאִם מֵאֵנָה, מֵאֵנָה; \nוְאִם לָאו, תַּמְתִּין עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, \nוְתֵצֵא הַלָּז מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nאִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו: \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט, \nוְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. \n",
+ "ח\nמִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, \nבִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁלְּאַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. \nוְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. \nקְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶם פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. \n\nט\nפִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nבִּיאַת הַפִּקַּחַת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nוְאֵין בִּיאַת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. \n\nי\nגְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, \nבִּיאַת הַגְּדוֹלָה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה, \nוְאֵין בִּיאַת הַקְּטַנָּה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. \n",
+ "יא\nמִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, \nבָּא הַיָּבָם עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nלֹא פָסַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. \nוְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. \nקְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nבָּא הַיָּבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nלֹא פָסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. \nבָּא הַיָּבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nפָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "יב\nפִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nבָּא יָבָם עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nלֹא פָסַל אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. \nבָּא הַיָּבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nפָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת. \n",
+ "יג\nגְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, \nבָּא הַיָּבָם עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nלֹא פָסַל אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. \nבָּא יָבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, \nוְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, \nאוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, \nפָּסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nמְלַמְּדִין אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ. \n",
+ "יד\nיָבָם קָטָן שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבָמָה קְטַנָּה, \nיִגְדְּלוּ זֶה עִם זֶה. \nבָּא עַל יְבָמָה גְדוֹלָה, תַּגְדִּילֶנּוּ. \nיְבָמָה שֶׁאָמְרָה בְתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם: לֹא נִבְעַלְתִּי, \nכּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ; \nלְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, \nמְבַקְשִׁים מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. \nוּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֶה, \nאֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nכּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. \n",
+ "יה\nהַנּוֹדֶרֶת הֲנָיָה מִיבָמָהּ, \nבְּחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ; \nאַחַר מִיתַת בַּעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁים מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. \nאִם נִתְכַּוְּנָה לְכֵן, \nאֲפִלּוּ בְחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁים מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת, וּפִקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת, \nאִם רָצָה, יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה, יְקַיֵּם. \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁהוּא כוֹנֵס בִּרְמִיזָה, כָּךְ הוּא מוֹצִיא בִרְמִיזָה. \nאֲבָל פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה, \nאִם רָצָה, יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה, יְקַיֵּם. \nנִשְׁתַּטְּטָה, לֹא יוֹצִיא. \nנִתְחָרַשׁ הוּא, אוֹ נִשְׁתַּטָּה, \nאֵינוּ מוֹצִיא עוֹלָמִית. \n\nב\nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי: \nוְכִי מִפְּנֵי מָה הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְחָרְשָׁה, יוֹצִיא, \nוְהָאִישׁ שֶׁנִּתְחָרַשׁ אֵינוּ מוֹצִיא? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא דוֹמֶה הָאִישׁ הַמְגָרֵשׁ לָאִשָּׁה הַמִּתְגָּרֶשֶׁת, \nשֶׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹצָא בִרְצוֹנָהּ וְשֶׁלֹּא בִרְצוֹנָהּ, \nוְהָאִישׁ אֵינוּ מוֹצִיא אֶלָּא לִרְצוֹנוֹ. <ברצונו>\n",
+ "ג\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָא \nעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, \nשֶׁהִיא יוֹצָא בַגֵּט. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאַף זוֹ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ. \n",
+ "ד\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁים נְשׁוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת, \nאוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, \nאוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת; \nוְכֵן שְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת נְשׁוּאוֹת לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים, \nאוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁים, \nאוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרוֹת מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם. <פְטוּרִים> \nוְאִם הָיוּ נָכְרִיּוֹת, יַכְנִיסוּ, \nוְאִם רָצוּ לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיאוּ. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, \nאֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, \nנְשׁוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת פִּקְּחוֹת; \nמֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nתֵּצֵא מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט, \nוְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ו\nשְׁנֵי אַחִין פִּקְחִין, \nנְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת; \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nתֵּצֵא מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת? \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט, \nוְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. \n",
+ "ז\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, \nאֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, \nנְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת; \nמֵת חֵרֵשׁ, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת? \nתֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת? \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בַגֵּט, \nוְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ח\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, \nאֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, \nנְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת נָכְרִיּוֹת פִּקְחוֹת; \nמֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nאוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nכּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוּ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם. \n",
+ "ט\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים, \nנְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת נָכְרִיּוֹת, \nאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת; \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת? \nכּוֹנֵס, אִם רוֹצֶה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת? \nאוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. \n",
+ "י\nשְׁנֵי אַחִים, \nאֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, \nנְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת, \nאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת; \nמֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת? \nכּוֹנֵס, וְאִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. \nמֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, \nמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת? \nכּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוּ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעֲלָהּ בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nשָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, \nבָּאת וְאָמְרָה 'מֵת בַּעֲלִי', תִּנָּשֵׂא; \n'מֵת בַּעֲלִי', תִּתְיַבֵּם. \nשָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וּמִלְחָמָה בָעוֹלָם, \nקְטָטָה בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, \nבָּאת וְאָמְרָה 'מֵת בַּעֲלִי', אֵינָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן בָּאת בּוֹכָה וּבְגָדֶיהָ קְרוּעִים. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאַחַת זוֹ וְאַחַת זוֹ, תִּנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ב\nבֵּית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר בִּלְבָד. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nאֶחָד הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, \nוְאֶחָד הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים, \nוְאֶחָד הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, \nלֹא דִבְּרוּ בַקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהוֹוֶה. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "ג\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nהִתַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָעֶרְוָה הַחֲמוּרָה, \nוְלֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת הַמָּמוֹן הַקַּל? \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הֶלֵּל: \nמָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִין נִכְנָסִין לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nוַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמַד, \nשֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, \nשֶׁ\"אִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, \nתִּטְּלִי מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לִיךְ\". \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "ד\nהַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים לְהַעִידָהּ, \nחוּץ מֵחֲמוֹתָהּ, וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ, \nוְצָרָתָהּ, וִיבִמְתָּהּ, וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. \nמַה בֵּין גֵּט לַמִּיתָה? \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. \nעֵד אוֹמֵר \"מֵת\", וְנִשֵּׂאת; \nוּבָא אַחֵר וְאָמַר \"לֹא מֵת\", \nהֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תֵצֵא. \nעֵד אוֹמֵר \"מֵת\", \nוּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים \"לֹא מֵת\", \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת, תֵּצֵא. \nשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים \"מֵת\", \nוְעֵד אוֹמֵר \"לֹא מֵת\", \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִשֵּׂאת, תִּנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ה\nאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת 'מֵת', וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת 'לֹא מֵת'. \nזוֹ שֶׁאָמְרָה 'מֵת', \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה, <כתובתה>\nוְזוֹ שֶׁאָמְרָה 'לֹא מֵת', \nלֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה. \nאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת 'מֵת', \nוְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת 'נֶהֱרַג', \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nהוֹאִיל וְהֵן מַכְחִישׁוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא תִנָּשֵׂאוּ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: \nהוֹאִיל וְזוֹ וָזוֹ מוֹדוֹת שֶׁאֵינוּ קַיָּם, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִנָּשֵׂאוּ. \n\nו\nעֵד אוֹמֵר 'מֵת', וְעֵד אוֹמֵר 'לֹא מֵת'; \nאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת 'מֵת', וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת 'לֹא מֵת'. \nהֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ז\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאת וְאָמְרָה 'מֵת בַּעְלִי', \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה, וְצָרָתָהּ אֲסוּרָה. \nהָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּהּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, \nעַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לְהִנָּשֵׂא, \nוַאֲסוּרָה מִלֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n",
+ "ח\nאָמְרָה 'מֵת בַּעְלִי' וְאַחַר כָּךְ 'מֵת חָמִי', \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה, וַחֲמוֹתָהּ אֲסוּרָה; \nהָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַכֹּהֵן, תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּהּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, \nעַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לְהִנָּשֵׂא, \nוַאֲסוּרָה מִלֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. \n\nט\nקִדֵּשׁ אַחַת מֵחָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, \nכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת 'אוֹתִי קִדֵּשׁ', \nנוֹתֵן גֵּט לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת, \nוּכְתֻבָּה בֵינֵיהֶן, וּמִסְתַּלֵּק. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, \nעַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן גֵּט וּכְתֻבָּה לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. \n\nי\nגָּזַל אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשָּׁה, \nוְאִי יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ גָזַל, \nכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר 'אוֹתִי גָזַל', \nמַנִּיחַ אֶת הַגְּזֵלָה בֵינֵיהֶן וּמִסְתַּלֵּק. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, \nעַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם הַגְּזֵלָה לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. \n",
+ "יא\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ וּבְנָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאת וְאָמְרָה 'מֵת בַּעְלִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי', \nנֶאֱמֶנֶת. \n'בְּנִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי', \nאֵינָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת. \nחוֹשְׁשִׁים לִדְבָרֶיהָ, \nחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "יב\n'נִתַּן לִי בֵן בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם', \nאָמְרָה: \n'מֵת בְּנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי', \nנֶאֱמֶנֶת; \n'בַּעְלִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי, \nאֵינָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת. \nחוֹשְׁשִׁין לִדְבָרֶיהָ, \nחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. \n",
+ "יג\n'נִתַּן לִי יָבָם בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם', \nאָמְרָה: \n'מֵת בַּעְלִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי', \n'יְבָמִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי', \nנֶאֱמֶנֶת. \nהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ וִיבָמָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nאָמְרָה: \n'מֵת בַּעְלִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי', \n'יְבָמִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי', \nאֵינָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת, \nשֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר 'מֵת יְבָמִי', \nשֶׁתִּנָּשֵׂא, \nוְלֹא 'מֵתָה אֲחוֹתִי', \nשֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לְבֵיתָהּ. \nוְאֵין הָאִישׁ נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר 'מֵת אָחִי', \nשֶׁיְּיַבֵּם אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְלֹא 'מֵתָה אִשְׁתִּי', \nשֶׁיִּשָּׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, \nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ: \nמֵת בַּעְלִיךְ, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא, וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, \nעַד שֶׁתֵּדַע שֶׁמֵּא מְעֻבֶּרֶת הִיא צָרָתָהּ. \nהָיָה לָהּ חָמוֹת, אֵינָה חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. \nיָצַאת מְלֵאָה, חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. \nוּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינָה חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. \n",
+ "ב\nשְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, \nזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת 'מֵת בַּעְלִי', \nוְזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת 'מֵת בַּעְלִי', \nזוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁלָּזוֹ, \nוְזוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁלָּזוֹ. \nלָזוֹ עֵדִים, וְלָזוֹ אֵין עֵדִים, \nאֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ עֵדִים אֲסוּרָה, \nוְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עֵדִים מֻתֶּרֶת. \nלָזוֹ בָנִים וְלָזוֹ אֵין בָּנִים, \nאֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ בָּנִים מֻתֶּרֶת, \nוְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ בָּנִים אֲסוּרָה. \nנִתְיַבְּמוּ, וּמֵתוּ יְבָמִין, \nאֲסוּרוֹת לְהִנָּשֵׂא. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nהוֹאִיל וְהֻתָּרוּ לַיְבָמִין, הֻתָּרוּ לְכָל אָדָם. \n",
+ "ג\nאֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַל פַּרְסוּף הַפָּנִים עִם הַחֹטֶם, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ סִימָנִים בְּגוּפוֹ וּבְכֵלָיו. \nאֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. \nאֲפִלּוּ רָאוּהוּ מְגֻיָּד, וְצָלוּב, עַל הַצָּלוּב,\nוְהַחַיָּה אוֹכֶלֶת בּוֹ, \nאֵין מְעִידִין עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ.\n\nד\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא כָל אָדָם, וְלֹא כָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת, \nוְלֹא כָל הַשָּׁעוֹת שָׁוִין. \n",
+ "נָפַל לַמַּיִם, \nבֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן סוֹף, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם סוֹף, \nהֲרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי מֵאִיר: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר הַגָּדוֹל, \nוְעָלָה לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְסוֹמֶה שֶׁיָּרַד לִטְבּוֹל בַּמְּעָרָה, \nוְיָרַד מוֹשְׁכוֹ אַחֲרָיו, \nוְשָׁהוּ כְדֵי שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשָׁם, \nוְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם. \nשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַסְיָא, \nבְּאֶחָד שֶׁשִּׁלְשְׁלוּהוּ אֶל הַיָּם, \nוְלֹא עָלַת בְּיָדָם אֶלָּא רַגְלוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים: \nמֵאַרְכּוּבָה וּלְמַעְלָן, תִּנָּשֵׂא, \nמֵאַרְכּוּבָה וּלְמַטָּן, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא. \n",
+ "ה\nאֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַנָּשִׁים אוֹמְרוֹת 'מֵת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי', \nדַּיּוֹ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַתִּינוֹקוֹת אוֹמְרִים: \n'הֲרֵי אָנוּ הוֹלְכִין לִסְפֹּד וְלִקְבֹּר אֶת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי'. \nבֵּין מִתְכַּוֵּן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין מִתְכַּוֵּן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר: \nבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּן, \nוּבַגּוֹי, אִם הָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן, \nאֵין עֵדוּתוֹ עֵדוּת. \n",
+ "ו\nמְעִידִין לְאוֹר הַנֵּר וּלְאוֹר הַלְּבָנָה, \nוּמַשִּׂיאִין עַל פִּי בַת קוֹל. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁעָמַד עַל רֹאשׁ הָהָר וְאָמַר: \n\"אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מִמְּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי מֵת\", \nוְהָלְכוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ שָׁם אָדָם, \nוְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַלְמִין בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר: \n\"אֲנִי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, \nנְשָׁכַנִי הַנָּחָשׁ, וַהֲרֵי אֲנִי מֵת\", \nוְהָלְכוּ אַחֲרָיו וְלֹא הִכִּירוּהוּ, \nוְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \n",
+ "ז\nאָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nכְּשֶׁיָּרַדְתִּי לִנְהַרְדְּעָא לְעִבּוּר הַשָּׁנָה, \nמְצָאָנִי נְחֶמְיָא אִישׁ בֵּית דְּלִי, \nאָמַר לִי: \nשָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁאֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל \nעַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, \nאֶלָּא יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. \nנֻמֵּיתִי לוֹ כֵן הַדְּבָרִים. \nאָמַר לִי: \nלֵךְ וֶאֱמֹר לָהֶן מִשְּׁמִי: \nאַתֶּם יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהַמְּדִינָה הַזֹּאת מְשֻׁבֶּשֶׁת בִּגְיָסוֹת, \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, \nשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. \nוּכְשֶׁבָּאתִי וְהִרְצֵיתִי אֶת הַדְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, \nשָׂמַח לִדְבָרַי וְאָמַר: \nמָצִינוּ חָבֵר לִיהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. \n\nח\nמִתּוֹךְ הַדְּבָרִים, נִזְכַּר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, \nשֶׁנֶּהֶרְגוּ הֲרוּגִים בְּתֵל אַרְזָא, \nוְהִשִּׂיא רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן אֶת נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם \nעַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. \nוְהָחְזָקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַשִּׂיאִין עֵד מִפִּי עֵד, \nמִפִּי אִשָּׁה, אִשָּׁה מִפִּי אִשָּׁה, \nמִפִּי עֶבֶד, וּמִפִּי שִׁפְחָה. \n\nט\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא עַל פִּי אִשָּׁה, וְלֹא עַל פִּי קְרוֹבִים. \n\nי\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בִבְנֵי לֵוִי שֶׁהָלְכוּ לְצֹעַר הַתְּמָרִים, \nוְחָלָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ בַּפָּנְדֵּק, \nוּבַחֲזָרָתָן אָמְרוּ לַפָּנְדְּקִית: \nאַיִן חֲבֵרֵנוּ? \nוְנֻמַּת לָהֶן: \nמֵת וּקְבַרְתִּיו. \nוְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא תְהֵא כֹהָנֶת כַּפָּנְדְּקִית! \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nוּכְשֶׁתְּהֵא הַפָּנְדְּקִית נֶאֱמֶנֶת. \nאַף הַפָּנְדְּקִית הוֹצִיאָה לָהֶן מַקְלוֹ וּמַנְעַלּוֹ וְתַרְמִלּוֹ, \nוְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה שֶׁהָיָה בְיָדוֹ. \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80e82a56cd7711e37e2cb93a2c51cc92d68fc643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חמש עשרה נשים פוטרות צרותיהן וצרות צרותיהן מן החליצה ומן היבום עד סוף העולם ואלו הן. בתו. ובת בתו. ובת בנו. בת אשתו. ובת בנה. ובת בתה. חמותו. ואם חמותו. ואם חמיו. אחותו מאמו. ואחות אמו. ואחות אשתו. ואשת אחיו מאמו. ואשת אחיו שלא היה בעולמו. וכלתו. הרי אלו פוטרות צרותיהן וצרות צרותיהן מן החליצה ומן היבום עד סוף העולם. וכולן אם מתו או מיאנו או נתגרשו או שנמצאו אילוניות צרותיהן מותרות. ואי אתה יכול לומר בחמותו ובאם חמותו ובאם חמיו שנמצאו אילוניות או שמיאנו: ",
+ "כיצד פוטרות צרותיהן. היתה בתו או אחת מכל העריות האלו נשואה לאחיו ולו אשה אחרת ומת. כשם שבתו פטורה כך צרתה פטורה. הלכה צרת בתו ונשאת לאחיו השני ולו אשה אחרת ומת. כשם שצרת בתו פטורה כך צרת צרתה פטורה. אפילו הן מאה. כיצד אם מתו צרותיהן מותרות. היתה בתו או אחת מכל העריות האלו נשואה לאחיו ולו אשה אחרת. מתה בתו או נתגרשה ואחר כך מת אחיו צרתה מותרת. וכל היכולה למאן ולא מיאנה. צרתה חולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "שש עריות חמורות מאלו מפני שנשואות לאחרים. צרותיהן מותרות. אמו ואשת אביו. ואחות אביו. אחותו מאביו. ואשת אחי אביו. ואשת אחיו מאביו: ",
+ "בית שמאי מתירין הצרות לאחים. ובית הלל אוסרים. חלצו. בית שמאי פוסלין מן הכהונה. ובית הלל מכשירים. נתיבמו בית שמאי מכשירים. ובית הלל פוסלין. אף על פי שאלו אוסרין. ואלו מתירין. אלו פוסלין ואלו מכשירין. לא נמנעו בית שמאי מלישא נשים מבית הלל. ולא בית הלל מבית שמאי. כל הטהרות והטומאות שהיו אלו מטהרין ואלו מטמאין לא נמנעו עושין טהרות אלו על גבי אלו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כיצד אשת אחיו שלא היה בעולמו. שני אחים ומת אחד מהם ונולד להן אח ואחר כך יבם השני את אשת אחיו ומת. הראשונה יוצאת משום אשת אחיו שלא היה בעולמו. והשנייה משום צרתה. עשה בה מאמר ומת שנייה חולצת ולא מתיבמת: \n",
+ "שני אחים ומת אחד מהן ויבם השני את אשת אחיו ואחר כך נולד להן אח ומת. הראשונה. יוצאת משום אשת אחיו שלא היה בעולמו. והשנייה משום צרתה. עשה בה מאמר ומת. השנייה חולצת ולא מתיבמת. רבי שמעון אומר מיבם לאיזו מהן שירצה או חולץ לאיזו מהן שירצה: \n",
+ "כלל אמרו ביבמה כל שהיא איסור ערוה לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת. איסורה איסור מצוה ואיסור קדושה חולצת ולא מתיבמת. אחותה שהיא יבמתה חולצת או מתיבמת: \n",
+ "איסור מצוה. שניות מדברי סופרים. איסור קדושה. אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט. ממזרת ונתינה לישראל. ובת ישראל לנתין וממזר: \n",
+ "מי שיש לו אח מכל מקום זוקק את אשת אחיו ליבום. ואחיו לכל דבר. חוץ ממי שיש לו מן השפחה ומן הנכרית. מי שיש לו בן מכל מקום פוטר אשת אביו מן היבום. וחייב על מכתו ועל קללתו. ובנו לכל דבר. חוץ ממי שיש לו מן השפחה ומן הנכרית: \n",
+ "מי שקדש אחת משתי אחיות. ואינו יודע איזה מהן קדש נותן גט לזו וגט לזו מת ולו אח אחד חולץ לשתיהן היו לו שנים אחד חולץ ואחד מיבם. קדמו וכנסו אין מוציאין מידם: \n",
+ "שנים שקדשו שתי אחיות. זה אינו יודע איזו קדש וזה אינו יודע איזו קדש. זה נותן שני גטין וזה נותן שני גטין. מתו לזה אח ולזה אח. זה חולץ לשתיהן. וזה חולץ לשתיהן. לזה אחד ולזה שנים. היחיד חולץ לשתיהן. והשנים אחד חולץ. ואחד מיבם. קדמו וכנסו אין מוציאין מידם. לזה שנים ולזה שנים אחיו של זה חולץ לאחת. ואחיו של זה חולץ לאחת. אחיו של זה מיבם חלוצתו של זה. ואחיו של זה מיבם חלוצתו של זה. קדמו שנים וחלצו לא ייבמו השנים. אלא אחד חולץ ואחד מיבם. קדמו וכנסו אין מוציאין מידם: \n",
+ "מצוה בגדול ליבם. ואם קדם הקטן זכה. הנטען על השפחה ונשתחררה או על הנכרית ונתגיירה. הרי זה לא יכנוס. ואם כנס אין מוציאין מידו. הנטען על אשת איש והוציאוה מתחת ידו אף על פי שכנס יוציא: \n",
+ "המביא גט ממדינת הים ואמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם לא ישא את אשתו. מת הרגתיו הרגנוהו לא ישא את אשתו. רבי יהודה אומר הרגתיו לא תנשא אשתו. הרגנוהו תנשא אשתו: \n",
+ "החכם שאסר את האשה בנדר על בעלה. הרי זה לא ישאנה. מיאנה או שחלצה בפניו ישאנה. מפני שהוא בית דין. וכולן שהיו להם נשים ומתו מותרות לינשא להם. וכולן שנישאו לאחרים ונתגרשו או שנתאלמנו מותרות לינשא להם. וכולן מותרות לבניהם או לאחיהן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "ארבעה אחין שנים מהן נשואים שתי אחיות ומתו הנשואים את האחיות הרי אלו חולצות ולא מתייבמות. ואם קדמו וכנסו יוציאו. רבי אליעזר אומר בית שמאי אומרים יקיימו ובית הלל אומרים יוציאו: ",
+ "היתה אחת מהן אסורה על האחד איסור ערוה. אסור בה. ומותר באחותה. והשני אסור בשתיהן. איסור מצוה. ואיסור קדושה. חולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "היתה אחת מהן אסורה על זה איסור ערוה. והשניה אסורה על זה איסור ערוה. האסורה לזה מותרת לזה. והאסורה לזה מותרת לזה. וזו היא שאמרו אחותה כשהיא יבמתה. או חולצת או מתיבמת: ",
+ "שלשה אחין שנים מהן נשואין שתי אחיות. או אשה ובתה. או אשה ובת בתה. או אשה ובת בנה הרי אלו חולצות. ולא מתיבמות ור' שמעון פוטר. היתה אחת מהן אסורה עליו איסור ערוה. אסור בה ומותר באחותה. איסור מצוה. או איסור קדושה. חולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "שלשה אחין שנים מהם נשואים שתי אחיות. ואחד מופנה. מת אחד מבעלי אחיות. ועשה בה מופנה מאמר. ואחר כך מת אחיו השני. בית שמאי אומרים אשתו עמו והלה תצא משום אחות אשה. ובית הלל אומרים מוציא את אשתו בגט ובחליצה ואשת אחיו בחליצה. זו היא שאמרו אוי לו על אשתו ואוי לו על אשת אחיו: ",
+ "שלשה אחין שנים מהן נשואים שתי אחיות. ואחד נשוי נכרית. מת אחד מבעלי אחיות. וכנס נשוי נכרית את אשתו ומת. הראשונה יוצאה משום אחות אשה. ושניה משום צרתה. עשה בה מאמר ומת. נכרית חולצת ולא מתיבמת שלשה אחים. שנים מהם נשואים שתי אחיות. ואחד נשוי נכרית. מת הנשוי נכרית. וכנס אחד מבעלי אחיות את אשתו ומת. הראשונה יוצאה משום אחות אשה. ושניה משום צרתה. עשה בה מאמר ומת. נכרית חולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "שלשה אחים שנים מהן נשואים שתי אחיות. ואחד נשוי נכרית. מת אחד מבעלי אחיות וכנס נשוי נכרית את אשתו ומתה אשתו של שני. ואחר כך מת נשוי נכרית. הרי זו אסורה עליו עולמית. הואיל ונאסרה עליו שעה אחת. שלשה אחים שנים מהן נשואין שתי אחיות ואחד נשוי נכרית. גירש אחד מבעלי אחיות את אשתו ומת נשוי נכרית וכנסה המגרש ומת. זו היא שאמרו. וכולן שמתו או נתגרשו. צרותיהן מותרות: ",
+ "וכולן שהיו בהן קדושין או גירושין. בספק. הרי אלו צרות חולצות ולא מתיבמות. כיצד ספק קדושין. זרק לה קידושין. ספק קרוב לו. ספק קרוב לה. זהו ספק קידושין. ספק גרושין. כתב בכתב ידו ואין עליו עדים. יש עליו עדים. ואין בו זמן. יש בו זמן. ואין בו אלא עד אחד. זהו ספק גרושין: ",
+ "שלשה אחין נשואין שלש נכריות. ומת אחד מהן. ועשה בה השני מאמר ומת. הרי אלו חולצות ולא מתיבמות. שנאמר (דברים כה, ה) ומת אחד מהם יבמה יבא עליה. שעליה זיקת יבם אחד. ולא שעליה זיקת שני יבמין. ר' שמעון אומר מיבם לאיזו שירצה וחולץ לשניה. שני אחין נשואין לשתי אחיות. ומת אחד מהן ואחר כך מתה אשתו של שני. הרי זו אסורה עליו עולמית. הואיל ונאסרה עליו שעה אחת: ",
+ "שנים שקדשו שתי נשים. ובשעת כניסתן לחופה. החליפו את של זה לזה ואת של זה לזה. הרי אלו חייבים משום אשת איש. היו אחין. משום אשת אח. ואם היו אחיות משום אשה אל אחותה. ואם היו נדות. משום נדה. ומפרישין אותן שלשה חדשים שמא מעוברות הן. ואם היו קטנות שאינן ראויות לילד. מחזירין אותן מיד. ואם היו כהנות נפסלו מן התרומה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "החולץ ליבמתו ונמצאת מעוברת וילדה בזמן שהולד של קיימא הוא מותר בקרובותיה. והיא מותרת בקרוביו. ולא פסלה מן הכהונה. אין הולד של קיימא. הוא אסור בקרובותיה. והיא אסורה בקרוביו. ופסלה מן הכהונה: ",
+ "הכונס את יבמתו. ונמצאת מעוברת. וילדה. בזמן שהולד של קיימא. יוציא. וחייבין בקרבן. ואם אין הולד של קיימא. יקיים. ספק בן תשעה לראשון ספק בן שבעה לאחרון. יוציא. והולד כשר. וחייבין באשם תלוי: ",
+ "שומרת יבם. שנפלו לה נכסים. מודים בית שמאי ובית הלל שמוכרת ונותנת וקיים. מתה. מה יעשו בכתובתה. ובנכסים הנכנסין ויוצאין עמה בית שמאי אומרים יחלוקו יורשי הבעל עם יורשי האב. ובית הלל אומרים נכסים בחזקתן. כתובה בחזקת יורשי הבעל. נכסים הנכנסים ויוצאים עמה בחזקת יורשי האב: ",
+ "כנסה הרי היא כאשתו לכל דבר. ובלבד שתהא כתובתה על נכסי בעלה הראשון: ",
+ "מצוה בגדול לייבם. לא רצה מהלכין על כל האחין. לא רצו. חוזרין אצל גדול ואומרים לו עליך מצוה. או חלוץ. או יבם: ",
+ "תלה בקטן עד שיגדיל או בגדול עד שיבא ממדינת הים. או בחרש או בשוטה. אין שומעין לו. אלא אומרים לו עליך מצוה. או חלוץ. או יבם: ",
+ "החולץ ליבמתו הרי הוא כאחד מן האחין לנחלה. ואם יש שם אב נכסים של אב. הכונס את יבמתו. זכה בנכסים של אחיו. רבי יהודה אומר. בין כך. ובין כך. אם יש שם אב נכסים של אב. החולץ ליבמתו הוא אסור בקרובותיה. והיא אסורה בקרוביו הוא אסור באמה. ובאם אמה. ובאם אביה. ובבתה. ובבת בתה. ובבת בנה. ובאחותה. בזמן שהיא קיימת. והאחין מותרין. והיא אסורה באביו. ובאבי אביו. ובבנו. ובבן בנו. באחיו. ובבן אחיו. מותר אדם בקרובת צרת חלוצתו ואסור בצרת קרובת חלוצתו: ",
+ "החולץ ליבמתו. ונשא אחיו את אחותה ומת. חולצת ולא מתיבמת. וכן המגרש את אשתו. ונשא אחיו את אחותה ומת. הרי זו פטורה מן החליצה ומן היבום: ",
+ "שומרת יבם שקידש אחיו את אחותה. משום רבי יהודה בן בתירא אמרו. אומרים לו המתן עד שיעשה אחיך הגדול מעשה. חלצה לה אחיו. או כנסה יכנוס את אשתו. מתה היבמה. יכנוס את אשתו. מתיבם יוציא את אשתו בגט ואשת אחיו בחליצה: ",
+ "היבמה לא תחלוץ. ולא תתיבם. עד שיש לה שלשה חדשים. וכן כל שאר הנשים לא יתארסו ולא ינשאו עד שיהיו להן שלשה חדשים. אחד בתולות. ואחד בעולות. אחד גרושות. ואחד אלמנות. אחד נשואות. ואחד ארוסות. רבי יהודה אומר הנשואות יתארסו. והארוסות ינשאו. חוץ מן הארוסות שביהודה. מפני שלבו גס בה. רבי יוסי אומר. כל הנשים יתארסו. חוץ מן האלמנה. מפני האיבול: ",
+ "ארבעה אחין. נשואין ארבע נשים ומתו. אם רצה הגדול שבהם ליבם את כולן. הרשות בידו. מי שהיה נשוי לשתי נשים ומת. ביאתה. או חליצתה. של אחת מהן. פוטרת צרתה. היתה אחת כשרה. ואחת פסולה. אם היה חולץ חולץ לפסולה. ואם היה מיבם מיבם לכשרה: ",
+ "המחזיר גרושתו. והנושא חלוצתו. והנושא קרובת חלוצתו יוציא. והולד ממזר דברי רבי עקיבא. וחכמים אומרים אין הולד ממזר. ומודים. בנושא קרובת גרושתו. שהולד ממזר: ",
+ "איזהו ממזר כל שאר בשר שהוא בלא יבא. דברי רבי עקיבא. שמעון התימני אומר. כל שחייבים עליו כרת בידי שמים. והלכה כדבריו. רבי יהושע אומר. כל שחייבים עליו מיתת בית דין. אמר רבי שמעון בן עזאי. מצאתי מגילת יוחסין בירושלם. וכתוב בה איש פלוני ממזר מאשת איש. לקיים דברי רבי יהושע. אשתו שמתה מותר באחותה. גרשה ומתה מותר באחותה. נשאת לאחר ומתה מותר באחותה. יבמתו שמתה מותר באחותה. חלץ לה ומתה מותר באחותה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבן גמליאל אומר. אין גט אחר גט. ולא מאמר אחר מאמר. ולא בעילה אחר בעילה. ולא חליצה אחר חליצה. וחכמים אומרים יש גט אחר גט. ויש מאמר אחר מאמר. אבל לא אחר בעילה. ולא אחר חליצה. כלום: ",
+ "כיצד עשה מאמר ביבמתו. ונתן לה גט. צריכה הימנו חליצה. עשה מאמר וחליצה. צריכה הימנו גט. עשה מאמר ובעל. הרי זו כמצותה: ",
+ "נתן גט ועשה מאמר. צריכה גט וחליצה. נתן גט ובעל. צריכה גט וחליצה. נתן גט וחלץ. אין אחר חליצה כלום. חלץ ועשה מאמר נתן גט ובעל. או בעל ועשה מאמר. נתן גט וחלץ. אין אחר חליצה כלום. אחת יבמה אחת ליבם אחד. ואחת שתי יבמות ליבם אחד: ",
+ "כיצד עשה מאמר בזו. ומאמר בזו. צריכות שני גיטין וחליצה. מאמר בזו. וגט בזו. צריכה גט וחליצה. מאמר בזו. ובעל את זו. צריכות שני גיטין וחליצה. מאמר בזו. וחלץ לזו. הראשונה צריכה גט. גט לזו. וגט לזו. צריכות הימנו חליצה. גט לזו ובעל את זו. צריכה גט וחליצה. גט לזו ומאמר בזו. צריכה גט וחליצה. גט לזו וחלץ לזו. אין אחר חליצה כלום: ",
+ "חלץ וחלץ. או חלץ ועשה מאמר. נתן גט ובעל. או בעל ובעל. או בעל ועשה מאמר. נתן גט וחלץ. אין אחר חליצה כלום. בין יבם אחד לשתי יבמות. בין שני יבמין ליבמה אחת: ",
+ "חלץ ועשה מאמר. נתן גט ובעל. או בעל ועשה מאמר. ונתן גט וחלץ. אין אחר חליצה כלום. בין בתחלה. בין באמצע. בין בסוף. והבעילה בזמן שהיא בתחלה. אין אחריה כלום. באמצע ובסוף יש אחריה כלום. רבי נחמיה אומר. אחת בעילה. ואחת חליצה. בין בתחלה. בין באמצע. בין בסוף אין אחריה כלום: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הבא על יבמתו בין בשוגג בין במזיד בין באונס. בין ברצון. אפילו הוא שוגג והיא מזידה. הוא מזיד והיא שוגגת. הוא אנוס והיא לא אנוסה. היא אנוסה והוא לא אנוס. אחד המערה. ואחד הגומר. קנה. ולא חלק בין ביאה לביאה: ",
+ "וכן הבא על אחת מכל העריות שבתורה או פסולות. כגון אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט. ממזרת ונתינה לישראל. בת ישראל לממזר ולנתין. פסל. ולא חלק בין ביאה לביאה: ",
+ "אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט. מן האירוסין לא יאכלו בתרומה. רבי אליעזר ורבי שמעון מכשירין. נתארמלו או נתגרשו. מן הנשואין פסולות מן הארוסין כשרות: ",
+ "כהן גדול לא ישא אלמנה. בין אלמנה מן הארוסין. בין אלמנה מן הנשואין. ולא ישא את הבוגרת. רבי אליעזר ורבי שמעון מכשירין בבוגרת. לא ישא את מוכת עץ. אירס את האלמנה. ונתמנה להיות כהן גדול יכנוס. ומעשה ביהושע בן גמלא שקידש את מרתא בת ביתוס. ומינהו המלך להיות כהן גדול וכנסה. שומרת יבם שנפלה לפני כהן הדיוט ונתמנה להיות כהן גדול. אף על פי שעשה בה מאמר. הרי זה לא יכנוס. כהן גדול שמת אחיו. חולץ ולא מיבם: ",
+ "כהן הדיוט לא ישא אילונית אלא אם כן יש לו אשה ובנים. ר' יהודה אומר אף על פי שיש לו אשה ובנים לא ישא אילונית. שהיא זונה האמורה בתורה וחכמים אומרים אין זונה אלא גיורת. ומשוחררת. ושנבעלה בעילת זנות: ",
+ "לא יבטל אדם מפריה ורביה אלא אם כן יש לו בנים. בית שמאי אומרים שני זכרים. ובית הלל אומרים. זכר ונקבה שנאמר (בראשית ה, ב) זכר ונקבה בראם. נשא אשה ושהה עמה עשר שנים ולא ילדה אינו רשאי ליבטל. גירשה מותרת לינשא לאחר. ורשאי השני לשהות עמה עשר שנים ואם הפילה מונה משעה שהפילה. האיש מצווה על פריה ורביה אבל לא האשה. רבי יוחנן בן ברוקא אומר על שניהם הוא אומר (בראשית א, כב) ויברך אותם אלהים. ויאמר להם פרו ורבו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט הכניסה לו עבדי מלוג ועבדי צאן ברזל. עבדי מלוג לא יאכלו בתרומה. עבדי צאן ברזל יאכלו. ואלו הן עבדי מלוג. אם מתו מתו לה ואם הותירו הותירו לה אף על פי שהוא חייב במזונותן הרי אלו לא יאכלו בתרומה. ואלו הן עבדי צאן ברזל אם מתו מתו לו. ואם הותירו הותירו לו. הואיל והוא חייב באחריותן הרי אלו יאכלו בתרומה: ",
+ "בת ישראל שניסת לכהן והכניסה לו עבדים. בין עבדי מלוג. בין עבדי צאן ברזל. הרי אלו יאכלו בתרומה. ובת כהן שניסת לישראל והכניסה לו בין עבדי מלוג בין עבדי צאן ברזל. הרי אלו לא יאכלו בתרומה: ",
+ "בת ישראל שניסת לכהן ומת והניחה מעוברת. לא יאכלו עבדיה בתרומה. מפני חלקו של עובר שהעובר פוסל ואינו מאכיל דברי רבי יוסי. אמרו לו מאחר שהעדת לנו על בת ישראל לכהן. אף בת כהן לכהן ומת והניחה מעוברת. לא יאכלו עבדיה בתרומה. מפני חלקו של עובר: ",
+ "העובר. והיבם והארוסין והחרש ובן תשע שנים ויום אחד פוסלין ולא מאכילין. ספק שהוא בן תשע שנים ויום אחד ספק שאינו. ספק הביא שתי שערות ספק שלא הביא. נפל הבית עליו ועל בת אחיו. ואין ידוע אי זה מת ראשון. צרתה חולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "האונס והמפתה והשוטה לא פוסלים ולא מאכילים. ואם אינם ראויין לבא בישראל הרי אלו פוסלין. כיצד ישראל שבא על בת כהן תאכל בתרומה. עיברה לא תאכל בתרומה. נחתך העובר במעיה תאכל. כהן שבא על בת ישראל לא תאכל בתרומה. עיברה לא תאכל. ילדה תאכל. נמצא כחו של בן גדול משל אב. העבד פוסל משום ביאה. ואינו פוסל משום זרע. כיצד בת ישראל לכהן בת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בן והלך הבן ונכבש על השפחה וילדה הימנו בן הרי זה עבד היתה אם אביו בת ישראל לכהן לא תאכל בתרומ' בת כהן לישראל תאכל בתרומה. ממזר פוסל ומאכיל. כיצד בת ישראל לכהן. ובת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בת. והלכה הבת ונישאת לעבד או לגוי וילדה הימנו בן הרי זה ממזר היתה אם אמו בת ישראל לכהן תאכל בתרומה בת כהן לישראל לא תאכל בתרומה: ",
+ "כהן גדול פעמים שהוא פוסל. כיצד בת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בת. והלכה הבת וניסת לכהן וילדה הימנו בן. הרי זה ראוי להיות כהן גדול עומד ומשמש על גבי המזבח. מאכיל את אמו ופוסל אם אמו. וזאת אומרת לא כבני כהן גדול שהוא פוסלני מן התרומה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הערל וכל הטמאים לא יאכלו בתרומה. נשיהן ועבדיהן יאכלו בתרומה פצוע דכא וכרות שפכה הן ועבדיהן יאכלו. ונשיהן לא יאכלו ואם לא ידעה משנעשה פצוע דכא וכרות שפכה. הרי אלו יאכלו: ",
+ "איזהו פצוע דכא כל שנפצעו הבצים שלו ואפילו אחת מהן. וכרות שפכה כל שנכרת הגיד. ואם נשתייר מהעטרה אפילו כחוט השערה. כשר. פצוע דכא וכרות שפכה. מותרין בגיורת ומשוחררת. ואינן אסורין אלא מלבא בקהל. שנאמר (דברים כג, ב) לא יבא פצוע דכא וכרות שפכה בקהל ה': ",
+ "עמוני ומואבי אסורים ואיסורן איסור עולם. אבל נקבותיהם מותרות מיד. מצרי ואדומי אינם אסורים אלא עד שלשה דורות אחד זכרים ואחד נקבות. רבי שמעון מתיר את הנקבות מיד. אמר ר' שמעון קל וחומר הדברים. ומה אם במקום שאסר את הזכרים איסור עולם. התיר את הנקבות מיד. מקום שלא אסר את הזכרים אלא עד שלשה דורות. אינו דין שנתיר את הנקבות מיד. אמרו לו אם הלכה נקבל. ואם לדין יש תשובה. אמר להם. לא כי הלכה אני אומר. ממזרין ונתינין אסורין ואיסורן איסור עולם. אחד זכרים ואחד נקבות: ",
+ "אמר רבי יהושע שמעתי שהסריס חולץ. וחולצין לאשתו. והסריס לא חולץ. ולא חולצין לאשתו. ואין לי לפרש. אמר ר' עקיבא אני אפרש סריס אדם חולץ וחולצין לאשתו. מפני שהיתה לו שעת הכושר. סריס חמה. לא חולץ ולא חולצין לאשתו. מפני שלא היתה לו שעת הכושר. ר' אלעזר אומר לא כי. אלא סריס חמה חולץ וחולצין לאשתו. מפני שיש לו רפואה. סריס אדם לא חולץ ולא חולצין לאשתו מפני שאין לו רפואה. העיד ר' יהושע בן בתירא על בן מגוסת שהיה בירושלם סריס אדם ויבמו את אשתו. לקיים דברי ר' עקיבא: ",
+ "הסריס לא חולץ ולא מיבם. וכן אילונית לא חולצת ולא מתיבמת. הסריס שחלץ ליבמתו לא פסלה. בעלה. פסלה. מפני שהיא בעילת זנות. וכן אילונית שחלצו לה אחין לא פסלוה. בעלוה. פסלוה. מפני שבעילתה בעילת זנות:. ",
+ "סריס חמה כהן שנשא בת ישראל. מאכילה בתרומה. רבי יוסי ור' שמעון אומרים אנדרוגינוס כהן שנשא בת ישראל. מאכילה בתרומה. רבי יהודה אומר טומטום שנקרע ונמצא זכר. לא יחלוץ מפני שהוא כסריס. אנדרוגינוס נושא. אבל לא נישא. ר' אליעזר אומר אנדרוגינוס חייבים עליו סקילה כזכר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "יש מותרות לבעליהן ואסורות ליבמיהן. מותרות ליבמיהן ואסורות לבעליהן. מותרות לאלו ולאלו. ואסורות לאלו ולאלו. ואלו מותרות לבעליהן ואסורות ליבמיהן. כהן הדיוט שנשא את האלמנה ויש לו אח כהן גדול. חלל שנשא כשרה ויש לו אח כשר. ישראל שנשא בת ישראל ויש לו אח ממזר. ממזר שנשא ממזרת ויש לו אח ישראל. מותרות לבעליהן ואסורות ליבמיהן: ",
+ "ואלו מותרות ליבמיהן. ואסורות לבעליהן. כהן גדול שקידש את האלמנה ויש לו אח כהן הדיוט. כשר שנשא חללה ויש לו אח חלל. ישראל שנשא ממזרת ויש לו אח ממזר. ממזר שנשא בת ישראל ויש לו אח ישראל. מותרות ליבמיהן ואסורות לבעליהן. אסורות לאלו ולאלו. כהן גדול שנשא את האלמנה ויש לו אח כהן גדול או כהן הדיוט. כשר שנשא חללה. ויש לו אח כשר. ישראל שנשא ממזרת ויש לו אח ישראל. ממזר שנשא בת ישראל ויש לו אח ממזר. אסורות לאלו ולאלו. ושאר כל הנשים. מותרות לבעליהן וליבמיהן: ",
+ "שניות מדברי סופרים. שניה לבעל ולא שניה ליבם אסורה לבעל ומותרת ליבם. שניה ליבם ולא שניה לבעל. אסורה ליבם ומותרת לבעל. שניה לזה ולזה אסורה לזה ולזה. אין לה לא כתובה ולא פירות ולא מזונות ולא בלאות והולד כשר וכופין אותו להוציא. אלמנה לכהן גדול. גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט ממזרת ונתינה לישראל. בת ישראל לנתין ולממזר. יש להן כתובה: ",
+ "בת ישראל מאורסת לכהן. מעוברת מכהן. שומרת יבם לכהן. וכן בת כהן לישראל. לא תאכל בתרומה. בת ישראל מאורסת ללוי. מעוברת מלוי. שומרת יבם ללוי. וכן בת לוי לישראל. לא תאכל במעשר. בת לוי מאורסת לכהן. מעוברת מכהן. שומרת יבם לכהן. וכן בת כהן ללוי. לא תאכל לא בתרומה. ולא במעשר: ",
+ "בת ישראל שניסת לכהן תאכל בתרומה. מת ולה הימנו בן תאכל בתרומה. ניסת ללוי תאכל במעשר. מת ולה הימנו בן תאכל במעשר. ניסת לישראל לא תאכל לא בתרומה ולא במעשר. מת ולה הימנו בן לא תאכל לא בתרומה ולא במעשר. מת בנה מישראל תאכל במעשר. מת בנה מלוי תאכל בתרומה. מת בנה מכהן לא תאכל לא בתרומה ולא במעשר: ",
+ "בת כהן שנישאת לישראל לא תאכל בתרומה. מת ולה הימנו בן לא תאכל בתרומה. נישאת ללוי תאכל במעשר. מת ולה הימנו בן תאכל במעשר. נישאת לכהן. תאכל בתרומה. מת ולה הימנו בן תאכל בתרומה. מת בנה מכהן לא תאכל בתרומה. מת בנה מלוי לא תאכל במעשר. מת בנה מישראל. חוזרת לבית אביה. ועל זו נאמר (ויקרא כב, יג) ושבה אל בית אביה כנעוריה מלחם אביה תאכל: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "האשה שהלך בעלה למדינת הים ובאו ואמרו לה מת בעליך וניסת. ואחר כך בא בעלה תצא מזה ומזה. וצריכה גט מזה ומזה. ואין לה כתובה ולא פירות ולא מזונות ולא בלאות לא על זה ולא על זה. אם נטלה מזה ומזה תחזיר. והולד ממזר מזה ומזה. ולא זה וזה מטמאין לה. ולא זה וזה זכאין לא במציאתה. ולא במעשה ידיה. ולא בהפרת נדריה. היתה בת ישראל נפסלה מן הכהונה ובת לוי מן המעשר ובת כהן מן התרומה. ואין יורשים של זה ויורשים של זה יורשים את כתיבתה. ואם מתו. אחיו של זה ואחיו של זה חולצין ולא מיבמין. רבי יוסי אומר כתובתה על נכסי בעלה הראשון רבי אלעזר אומר הראשון זכאי במציאתה. ובמעשה ידיה. ובהפרת נדריה. רבי שמעון אומר ביאתה או חליצתה מאחיו של ראשון פוטרת צרתה. ואין הולד ממנו ממזר. ואם ניסת שלא ברשות מותרת לחזור לו: ",
+ "ניסת על פי בית דין תצא ופטורה מן הקרבן לא ניסת על פי בית דין תצא וחייבת בקרבן. יפה כח בית דין שפוטרת מן הקרבן. הורוה בית דין לינשא והלכה וקלקלה. חייבת בקרבן. שלא התירוה אלא לינשא: ",
+ "האשה שהלך בעלה ובנה למדינת הים. ובאו ואמרו לה מת בעליך ואחר כך מת בנך ונשאת ואחר כך אמרו לה חלוף היו הדברים. תצא והולד ראשון ואחרון ממזר. אמרו לה מת בנך ואחר כך מת בעליך ונתיבמה. ואחר כך אמרו לה חלוף היו הדברים. תצא והולד ראשון ואחרון ממזר. אמרו לה מת בעליך וניסת ואחר כך אמרו לה קיים היה ומת. תצא והולד ראשון ממזר. והאחרון אינו ממזר. אמרו לה מת בעליך ונתקדשה. ואחר כך בא בעלה מותרת לחזור לו. אף על פי שנתן לה אחרון גט לא פסלה מן הכהונה. את זו דרש ר' אלעזר בן מתיא (ויקרא כא, ז) ואשה גרושה מאישה. ולא מאיש שאינו אישה: ",
+ "מי שהלכה אשתו למדינת הים. ובאו ואמרו לו מתה אשתך. ונשא את אחותה. ואחר כך באת אשתו. מותרת לחזור לו. הוא מותר בקרובות שניה. ושניה מותרת בקרוביו. ואם מתה ראשונה מותר בשניה. אמרו לו מתה אשתך ונשא את אחותה. ואחר כך אמרו לו קיימת היתה ומתה. הולד ראשון ממזר. והאחרון אינו ממזר. רבי יוסי אומר כל שפוסל על ידי אחרים. פוסל על ידי עצמו. וכל שאין פוסל על ידי אחרים אינו פוסל על ידי עצמו: ",
+ "אמרו לו מתה אשתך. ונשא אחותה מאביה. מתה ונשא אחותה מאמה. מתה ונשא אחותה מאביה. מתה ונשא אחותה מאמה ונמצאו כולן קיימות. מותר בראשונה בשלישית ובחמישית. ופוטרות צרותיהן. ואסור בשניה. וברביעית. ואין ביאת אחת מהן פוטרת צרתה. ואם בא על השניה. לאחר מיתת הראשונה. מותר בשניה. וברביעית. ופוטרות צרותיהן. ואסור בשלישית. ובחמישית. ואין ביאת אחת מהן פוטרת צרתה: ",
+ "בן תשע שנים ויום אחד הוא פוסל על ידי אחין. והאחים פוסלין על ידו. אלא שהוא פוסל תחלה. ואחין פוסלין תחלה וסוף. כיצד בן תשע שנים ויום אחד שבא על יבמתו פסל על ידי אחין. באו עליה אחין ועשו בה מאמר נתנו גט או חלצו. פסלו על ידו: ",
+ "בן תשע שנים ויום אחד שבא על יבמתו. ואחר כך בא עליה אחיו שהוא בן תשע שנים ויום אחד פסל על ידו. רבי שמעון אומר לא פסל: ",
+ "בן תשע שנים ויום אחד שבא על יבמתו. ואחר כך בא על צרתה. פסל על ידי עצמו. רבי שמעון אומר לא פסל. בן תשע ויום אחד שבא על יבמתו ומת. חולצת ולא מתיבמת. נשא אשה ומת. הרי זו פטורה: ",
+ "בן תשע שנים ויום אחד שבא על יבמתו. ומשהגדיל נשא אשה אחרת ומת. אם לא ידע את הראשונה משהגדיל. הראשונה חולצת ולא מתיבמת. והשניה או חולצת או מתיבמת. רבי שמעון אומר מיבם לאיזו שירצה. וחולץ לשניה. אחד שהוא בן תשע שנים ויום אחד. ואחד שהוא בן עשרים שנה. שלא הביא שתי שערות: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "נושאין על האנוסה ועל המפותה. האונס והמפתה על הנשואה חייב. נושא אדם אנוסת אביו. ומפותת אביו. אנוסת בנו. ומפותת בנו. רבי יהודה אוסר באנוסת אביו ומפותת אביו: ",
+ "הגיורת שנתגיירו בניה עמה. לא חולצין ולא מיבמין. אפילו הורתו של ראשון שלא בקדושה. ולידתו בקדושה והשני הורתו ולידתו בקדושה וכן שפחה שנשתחררו בניה עמה: ",
+ "חמש נשים שנתערבו ולדותיהן הגדילו התערובות. ונשאו נשים ומתו. ארבעה חולצין לאחת ואחד מיבם אותה. הוא ושלשה חולצים לאחרת ואחד מיבם. נמצאו ארבעה חליצות ויבום לכל אחת ואחת: ",
+ "האשה שנתערב ולדה בולד כלתה. הגדילו התערובות ונשאו נשים ומתו. בני הכלה חולצין ולא מיבמין שהוא ספק אשת אחיו. ספק אשת אחי אביו. ובני הזקנה או חולצין או מיבמין. שהוא ספק אשת אחיו ואשת בן אחיו. מתו הכשרים. בני התערובות לבני הזקנה חולצין ולא מיבמין. שהוא ספק אשת אחיו ואשת אחי אביו ובני הכלה אחד חולץ ואחד מיבם: ",
+ "כהנת שנתערב ולדה בולד שפחתה. הרי אלו אוכלים בתרומה. וחולקים חלק אחד בגורן. ואינן מיטמאין למתים. ואין נושאין נשים. בין כשרות בין פסולות הגדילו התערובות ושחררו זה את זה נושאין נשים ראויות לכהונה ואינן מיטמאין למתים. ואם נטמאו אינן סופגין את הארבעים. ואינן אוכלים בתרומה. ואם אכלו אינן משלמין קרן וחומש. ואינן חולקין על הגורן. ומוכרין את התרומה והדמים שלהם. ואינן חולקים בקדשי המקדש. ואין נותנין להם קדשים. ואין מוציאין שלהם מידם. ופטורין מן הזרוע ומן הלחיים ומן הקיבה. ובכורו יהא רועה עד שיסתאב ונותנין עליו חומרי כהנים וחומרי ישראלים: ",
+ "מי שלא שהתה אחר בעלה שלשה חדשים ונשאת וילדה ואין ידוע אם בן תשעה לראשון אם בן שבעה לאחרון. היו לה בנים מן הראשון ובנים מן השני חולצין ולא מייבמין. וכן הוא להם חולץ ולא מיבם. היו לו אחים מן הראשון ואחים מן השני. שלא מאותה האם. הוא חולץ ומיבם. והם אחד חולץ ואחד מיבם: ",
+ "היה אחד ישראל ואחד כהן. נושא אשה ראויה לכהן. ואינו מיטמא למתים. ואם נטמא אינו סופג את הארבעים. ואינו אוכל בתרומה. אם אכל אינו משלם קרן וחומש. ואינו חולק על הגורן. ומוכר התרומה והדמים שלו. ואינו חולק בקדשי המקדש. ואין נותנין לו את הקדשים ואין מוציאין את שלו מידו. ופטור מן הזרוע והלחיים והקיבה. ובכורו יהא רועה עד שיסתאב. ונותנין עליו חומרי כהנים וחומרי ישראלים. היו שניהם כהנים הוא אונן עליהם. והם אוננים עליו. הוא אינו מיטמא להם. והם אינן מטמאין לו. הוא אינו יורש אותן. אבל הם יורשין אותו. ופטור על מכתו ועל קללתו של זה ושל זה. ועולה במשמרו של זה ושל זה. ואינו חולק. אם היו שניהם במשמר אחד נוטל חלק אחד: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "מצות חליצה בשלשה דיינין. ואפילו שלשתן הדיוטות חלצה במנעל חליצתה כשרה. באנפילין חליצתה פסולה. בסנדל שיש לו עקב כשר. ושאין לו עקב פסול. מן הארכובה ולמטה חליצתה כשרה. מן הארכובה ולמעלה חליצתה פסולה: ",
+ "חלצה בסנדל שאין שלו. או בסנדל של עץ או בשל שמאל בימין. חליצתה כשרה. חלצה בגדול שהוא יכול להלוך בו. או בקטן שהוא חופה את רוב רגלו חליצתה כשרה. חלצה בלילה חליצתה כשרה. ור' אליעזר פוסל. בשמאל חליצתה פסולה. ורבי אליעזר מכשיר ",
+ "חלצה ורקקה אבל לא קראה. חליצתה כשרה קראה ורקקה אבל לא חלצה. חליצתה פסולה. חלצה וקראה אבל לא רקקה. רבי אליעזר אומר חליצתה פסולה. רבי עקיבא אומר חליצתה כשרה. אמר רבי אליעזר ככה יעשה כל דבר שהוא מעשה מעכב. אמר לו רבי עקיבא משם ראיה. ככה יעשה לאיש כל דבר שהוא מעשה באיש: ",
+ "החרש שנחלץ והחרשת שחלצה. והחולצת לקטן. חליצתה פסולה. קטנה שחלצה תחלוץ משתגדיל. ואם לא חלצה חליצתה פסולה: ",
+ "חלצה בשנים או בשלשה. ונמצא אחד מהן קרוב או פסול. חליצתה פסולה. רבי שמעון ורבי יוחנן הסנדלר מכשירין. ומעשה באחד שחלץ בינו לבינה. בבית האסורין. ובא מעשה לפני רבי עקיבא והכשיר: ",
+ "מצות חליצה בא הוא ויבמתו לבית דין. והן משיאין לו עצה ההוגנת לו. שנאמר (דברים כה, ח) וקראו לו זקני עירו ודברו אליו. והיא אומרת מאן יבמי להקים לאחיו שם בישראל לא אבה יבמי. והוא אומר לא חפצתי לקחתה. ובלשון הקדש היו אומרים. ונגשה יבמתו אליו לעיני הזקנים וחלצה נעלו מעל רגלו וירקה בפניו רוק הנראה לדיינים. וענתה ואמרה ככה יעשה לאיש אשר לא יבנה את בית אחיו. עד כאן היו מקרין. וכשהקרא רבי הורקנוס תחת האלה בכפר עיטם. וגמר את כל הפרשה. הוחזקו להיות גומרין כל הפרשה. ונקרא שמו בישראל בית חלוץ הנעל. מצוה בדיינין ולא מצוה בתלמידים רבי יהודה אומר מצוה על כל העומדים שם לומר חלוץ הנעל חלוץ הנעל חלוץ הנעל: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "בית שמאי אומרים אין ממאנין אלא ארוסות. ובית הלל אומרים ארוסות ונשואות. בית שמאי אומרים בבעל ולא ביבם. ובית הלל אומרים בבעל וביבם. בית שמאי אומרים בפניו. ובית הלל אומרים בפניו ושלא בפניו. בית שמאי אומרים בבית דין. ובית הלל אומרים בבית דין ושלא בבית דין. אמרו להן בית הלל לבית שמאי. ממאנת והיא קטנה אפילו ארבעה וחמשה פעמים. אמרו להן בית שמאי אין בנות ישראל הפקר. אלא ממאנת וממתנת עד שתגדיל ותמאן ותנשא: ",
+ "איזו היא קטנה שצריכה למאן כל שהשיאוה אמה ואחיה לדעתה. השיאוה שלא לדעתה. אינה צריכה למאן. רבי חנינא בן אנטיגנוס אומר כל תינוקת שאינה יכולה לשמור קדושיה אינה צריכה למאן. רבי אליעזר אומר אין מעשה קטנה כלום אלא כמפותה. בת ישראל לכהן לא תאכל בתרומה. בת כהן לישראל תאכל בתרומה: ",
+ "רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר כל עכבה שהיא מן האיש כאלו היא אשתו. וכל עכבה שאינה מן האיש כאלו אינה אשתו: ",
+ "הממאנת באיש הוא מותר בקרובותיה והיא מותרת בקרוביו ולא פסלה מן הכהונה. נתן לה גט הוא אסור בקרובותיה והיא אסורה בקרוביו ופסלה מן הכהונה. נתן לה גט והחזירה. מיאנה בו ונשאת לאחר ונתארמלה או נתגרשה מותרת לחזור לו. מיאנה בו והחזירה נתן לה גט ונשאת לאחר ונתארמלה או נתגרשה אסורה לחזור לו. זה הכלל גט אחר מיאון אסורה לחזור לו מיאון אחר גט מותרת לחזור לו: ",
+ "הממאנת באיש ונשאת לאחר וגירשה. לאחר ומיאנה בו. לאחר וגירשה. לאחר ומיאנה בו. כל שיצאת הימנו בגט. אסורה לחזור לו. במיאון מותרת לחזור לו: ",
+ "המגרש את האשה והחזירה מותרת ליבם ורבי אליעזר אוסר. וכן המגרש את היתומה והחזירה מותרת ליבם. ור' אליעזר אוסר קטנה שהשיאה אביה ונתגרשה כיתומה בחיי האב. החזירה דברי הכל אסורה ליבם: ",
+ "שני אחין נשואין לשתי אחיות יתומות קטנות ומת בעלה של אחת מהן. תצא משום אחות אשה. וכן שתי חרשות. גדולה וקטנה מת בעלה של קטנה. תצא הקטנה משום אחות אשה. מת בעלה של גדולה. רבי אליעזר אומר מלמדין את הקטנה שתמאן בו. רבן גמליאל אומר אם מיאנה מיאנה ואם לאו תמתין עד שתגדיל. ותצא הלזו משום אחות אשה. רבי יהושע אומר אי לו על אשתו ואי לו על אשת אחיו. מוציא את אשתו בגט ואשת אחיו בחליצה: ",
+ "מי שהיה נשוי לשתי יתומות קטנות ומת. ביאתה או חליצתה של אחת מהם פוטרת צרתה. וכן שתי חרשות. קטנה וחרשת אין ביאת אחת מהן פוטרת צרתה. פקחת וחרשת ביאת הפקחת פוטרת החרשת. ואין ביאת החרשת פוטרת את הפקחת. גדולה וקטנה ביאת הגדולה פוטרת את הקטנה ואין ביאת הקטנה פוטרת את הגדולה: ",
+ "מי שהיה נשוי לשתי יתומות קטנות ומת. בא יבם על הראשונה וחזר ובא על השניה. או שבא אחיו על השניה לא פסל את הראשונה. וכן שתי חרשות. קטנה וחרשת. בא יבם על הקטנה. וחזר ובא על החרשת. או שבא אחיו על החרשת. לא פסל את הקטנה. בא יבם על החרשת. וחזר ובא על הקטנה. או שבא אחיו על הקטנה פסל את החרשת: ",
+ "פקחת וחרשת. בא יבם על הפקחת וחזר ובא על החרשת או שבא אחיו על החרשת לא פסל את הפקחת. בא יבם על החרשת וחזר ובא על הפקחת. או שבא אחיו על הפקחת פסל את החרשת: ",
+ "גדולה וקטנה. בא יבם על הגדולה וחזר ובא על הקטנה. או שבא אחיו על הקטנה. לא פסל את הגדולה. בא יבם על הקטנה וחזר ובא על הגדולה. או שבא אחיו על הגדולה. פסל את הקטנה. רבי אלעזר אומר. מלמדין הקטנה שתמאן בו: ",
+ " יבם קטן שבא על יבמה קטנה יגדלו זה עם זה. בא על יבמה גדולה תגדלנו. היבמה שאמרה בתוך שלשים יום לא נבעלתי כופין אותו שיחלוץ לה. לאחר שלשים יום מבקשים הימנו שיחלוץ לה. ובזמן שהוא מודה אפילו לאחר שנים עשר חודש כופין אותו שיחלוץ לה: ",
+ "הנודרת הנאה מיבמה בחיי בעלה כופין אותו שיחלוץ לה. לאחר מיתת בעלה מבקשין הימנו שיחלוץ לה. ואם נתכוונת לכך. אפילו בחיי בעלה מבקשין הימנו שיחלוץ לה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "חרש שנשא פקחת ופקח שנשא חרשת. אם רצה יוציא ואם רצה יקיים. כשם שהוא כונס ברמיזה כך הוא מוציא ברמיזה. פקח שנשא פקחת ונתחרשה. אם רצה יוציא ואם רצה יקיים. נשתטית לא יוציא. נתחרש הוא או נשתטה אינו מוציא עולמית. אמר רבי יוחנן בן נורי מפני מה האשה שנתחרשה יוצאה והאיש שנתחרש אינו מוציא. אמרו לו אינו דומה האיש המגרש לאשה מתגרשת שהאשה יוצאה לרצונה ושלא לרצונה והאיש אינו מוציא אלא לרצונו: ",
+ "העיד רבי יוחנן בן גודגדה על החרשת שהשיאה אביה. שהיא יוצאה בגט אמרו לו אף זו כיוצא בה: ",
+ "שני אחים חרשים נשואים לשתי אחיות חרשות. או לשתי אחיות פקחות. או לשתי אחיות אחת חרשת ואחת פקחת. או שתי אחיות חרשות נשואות לשני אחים פקחים. או לשני אחים חרשין. או לשני אחין אחד חרש ואחד פקח. הרי אלו פטורות מן החליצה ומן היבום. ואם היו נכריות יכנסו ואם רצו להוציא יוציאו: ",
+ "שני אחים אחד חרש ואחד פקח נשואים לשתי אחיות פקחות. מת חרש בעל הפקחת מה יעשה פקח בעל הפקחת. תצא משום אחות אשה. מת פקח בעל הפקחת מה יעשה חרש בעל פקחת. מוציא אשתו בגט ואשת אחיו אסורה לעולם. ",
+ "שני אחים פקחים נשואים לשתי אחיות אחת חרשת ואחת פקחת. מת פקח בעל חרשת. מה יעשה פקח בעל פקחת. תצא משום אחות אשה. מת פקח בעל פקחת. מה יעשה פקח בעל החרשת. מוציא את אשתו בגט ואת אשת אחיו בחליצה. ",
+ "שני אחים אחד חרש ואחד פקח נשואים לשתי אחיות אחת חרשת ואחת פקחת. מת חרש בעל חרשת מה יעשה פקח בעל פקחת. תצא משום אחות אשה. מת פקח בעל פקחת מה יעשה חרש בעל חרשת. מוציא אשתו בגט ואשת אחיו אסורה לעולם. ",
+ "שני אחים אחד חרש ואחד פקח נשואים לשתי נכריות פקחות. מת חרש בעל פקחת. מה יעשה פקח בעל פקחת. או חולץ או מיבם. מת פקח בעל פקחת מה יעשה חרש בעל פקחת. כונס ואינו מוציא לעולם. ",
+ "שני אחים פקחים נשואים לשתי נכריות אחת פקחת ואחת חרשת. מת פקח בעל חרשת מה יעשה פקח בעל פקחת. כונס. ואם רצה להוציא יוציא. מת פקח בעל הפקחת מה יעשה פקח בעל חרשת או חולץ או מיבם. ",
+ "שני אחים אחד חרש ואחד פקח נשואים לשתי נכריות אחת חרשת ואחת פקחת. מת חרש בעל חרשת מה יעשה פקח בעל פקחת. כונס. ואם רצה להוציא יוציא. מת פקח בעל פקחת מה יעשה חרש בעל חרשת. כונס ואינו מוציא לעולם: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "האשה שהלכה היא ובעלה למדינת הים. שלום בינו לבינה. ושלום בעולם. ובאתה ואמרה מת בעלי. תנשא. מת בעלי. תתיבם. שלום בינו לבינה ומלחמה בעולם. קטטה בינו לבינה ושלום בעולם. ובאתה ואמרה מת בעלי. אינה נאמנת. רבי יהודה אומר לעולם אינה נאמנת אלא אם כן באתה בוכה ובגדיה קרועין. אמרו לו אחת זו ואחת זו תנשא: ",
+ "בית הלל אומרים לא שמענו אלא בבאה מן הקציר ובאותה מדינה. וכמעשה שהיה. אמרו להן בית שמאי אחת הבאה מן הקציר ואחת הבאה מן הזיתים ואחת הבאה מן הבציר ואחת הבאה ממדינה למדינה. לא דברו חכמים בקציר אלא בהוה. חזרו בית הלל להורות כבית שמאי: ",
+ "בית שמאי אומרים תנשא ותטול כתובתה. בית הלל אומרים תנשא ולא תטול כתובתה. אמרו להן בית שמאי התרתם ערוה חמורה. לא תתירו את ממון הקל. אמרו להן בית הלל מצינו שאין האחים נכנסים לנחלה על פיה אמרו להם בית שמאי והלא מספר כתובתה נלמוד שהוא כותב לה שאם תנשאי לאחר תטלי מה שכתוב ליכי. וחזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי: ",
+ "הכל נאמנים להעידה חוץ מחמותה ובת חמותה וצרתה ויבמתה ובת בעלה. מה בין גט למיתה שהכתב מוכיח. עד אומר מת ונשאת. ובא אחר ואמר לא מת הרי זו לא תצא עד אומר מת ושנים אומרים לא מת אף על פי שנשאת תצא. שנים אומרים מת ועד אומר לא מת אף על פי שלא נשאת תנשא: ",
+ "אחת אומרת מת ואחת אומרת לא מת. זו שאומרת מת תנשא ותטול כתובתה. וזו שאומרת לא מת לא תנשא ולא תטול כתובתה. אחת אומרת מת. ואחת אומרת נהרג. רבי מאיר אומר הואיל ומכחישות זו את זו הרי אלו לא ינשאו. רבי יהודה ורבי שמעון אומרים הואיל וזו וזו מודות שאין קיים ינשאו. עד אומר מת ועד אומר לא מת. אשה אומרת מת ואשה אומרת לא מת. הרי זו לא תנשא: ",
+ "האשה שהלכה היא ובעלה למדינת הים. ובאה ואמרה מת בעלי תנשא ותטול כתובתה. וצרתה אסורה. היתה בת ישראל לכהן תאכל בתרומה דברי רבי טרפון. ר' עקיבא אומר אין זו דרך מוציאתה מידי עבירה. עד שתהא אסורה לינשא. ואסורה מלאכול בתרומה: ",
+ "אמרה מת בעלי ואחר כך מת חמי. תנשא ותטול כתובתה וחמותה אסורה. היתה בת ישראל לכהן תאכל בתרומה דברי רבי טרפון. ר' עקיבא אומר אין זו דרך מוציאתה מידי עבירה. עד שתהא אסורה לינשא ואסורה לאכול בתרומה. קידש אחת מחמש נשים. ואין יודע איזו קידש. כל אחת אומרת אותי קידש. נותן גט לכל אחת ואחת. ומניח כתובה ביניהן ומסתלק. דברי רבי טרפון. רבי עקיבא אומר אין זו דרך מוציאתו מידי עבירה. עד שיתן גט וכתובה לכל אחת ואחת. גזל אחד מחמשה ואין יודע מאיזה גזל כל אחד אומר אותי גזל. מניח גזילה ביניהן ומסתלק. דברי רבי טרפון. רבי עקיבא אומר אין זו דרך מוציאתו מידי עבירה. עד שישלם גזילה לכל אחד ואחד: ",
+ "האשה שהלכה היא ובעלה למדינת הים ובנה עמהם. ובאה ואמרה מת בעלי. ואחר כך מת בני. נאמנת. מת בני ואחר כך מת בעלי. אינה נאמנת. וחוששים לדבריה וחולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "ניתן לי בן במדינת הים. ואמרה מת בני ואחר כך מת בעלי. נאמנת. מת בעלי ואחר כך מת בני. אינה נאמנת וחוששים לדבריה וחולצת ולא מתיבמת: ",
+ "ניתן לי יבם במדינת הים אמרה מת בעלי ואחר כך מת יבמי. יבמי ואחר כך בעלי. נאמנת. הלכה היא ובעלה ויבמה למדינת הים. אמרה מת בעלי ואחר כך מת יבמי. יבמי ואחר כך בעלי. אינה נאמנת. שאין האשה נאמנת לומר מת יבמי שתנשא. ולא מתה אחותי שתכנס לביתו. ואין האיש נאמן לומר מת אחי שייבם אשתו. ולא מתה אשתי. שישא אחותה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "האשה שהלך בעלה וצרתה למדינת הים. ובאו ואמרו לה מת בעליך. לא תנשא. ולא תתיבם. עד שתדע שמא מעוברת היא צרתה. היתה לה חמות אינה חוששת. יצתה מלאה. חוששת. רבי יהושע אומר אינה חוששת: ",
+ "שתי יבמות זו אומרת מת בעלי. וזו אומרת מת בעלי. זו אסורה מפני בעלה של זו. וזו אסורה מפני בעלה של זו. לזו עדים. ולזו אין עדים. את שיש לה עדים אסורה. ואת שאין לה עדים מותרת. לזו בנים ולזו אין בנים. את שיש לה בנים מותרת. ואת שאין לה בנים אסורה. נתיבמו ומתו היבמין. אסורות להנשא. רבי אלעזר אומר. הואיל והותרו ליבמין. הותרו לכל אדם: ",
+ "אין מעידין אלא על פרצוף פנים עם החוטם אף על פי שיש סימנין בגופו ובכליו. אין מעידין אלא עד שתצא נפשו. ואפילו ראוהו מגוייד וצלוב והחיה אוכלת בו. אין מעידין אלא עד שלשה ימים. רבי יהודה בן בבא אומר. לא כל האדם. ולא כל המקום. ולא כל השעות. שוין: ",
+ "נפל למים בין שיש להן סוף. בין שאין להן סוף. אשתו אסורה. אמר רבי מאיר מעשה באחד שנפל לבור הגדול. ועלה לאחר שלשה ימים. אמר רבי יוסי מעשה בסומא שירד לטבול במערה. וירד מושכו אחריו ושהו כדי שתצא נפשם והשיאו נשותיהם. ושוב מעשה בעסיא. באחד ששלשלוהו לים. ולא עלה בידם אלא רגלו. אמרו חכמים מן הארכובה ולמעלה תנשא. מן הארכובה ולמטה לא תנשא: ",
+ "אפילו שמע מן הנשים אומרות מת איש פלוני דיו רבי יהודה אומר אפילו שמע מן התינוקות אומרים הרי אנו הולכין לספוד ולקבור את איש פלוני. בין שהוא מתכוין ובין שאינו מתכוין. רבי יהודה בן בבא אומר בישראל. עד שיהא מתכוין. ובגוי אם היה מתכוין. אין עדותו עדות: ",
+ "מעידין לאור הנר. ולאור הלבנה ומשיאין על פי בת קול. מעשה באחד שעמד על ראש ההר. ואמר איש פלוני. בן פלוני. ממקום פלוני מת. הלכו ולא מצאו שם אדם. והשיאו את אשתו. ושוב מעשה בצלמון. באחד שאמר אני איש פלוני. בן איש פלוני. נשכני נחש. והרי אני מת. והלכו ולא הכירוהו. והשיאו את אשתו: ",
+ "אמר רבי עקיבא כשירדתי לנהרדעא לעבר השנה. מצאתי נחמיה איש בית דלי. אמר לי שמעתי שאין משיאין את האשה בארץ ישראל על פי עד אחד. אלא רבי יהודה בן בבא. ונומיתי לו כן הדברים. אמר לי אמור להם משמי אתם יודעים שהמדינה משובשת בגייסות מקובלני מרבן גמליאל הזקן שמשיאין את האשה על פי עד אחד. וכשבאתי והרציתי הדברים לפני רבן גמליאל שמח לדברי ואמר. מצאנו חבר לרבי יהודה בן בבא. מתוך הדברים נזכר רבן גמליאל. שנהרגו הרוגים בתל ארזא והשיא רבן גמליאל הזקן נשותיהם על פי עד אחד והוחזקו להיות משיאין על פי עד אחד והוחזקו להיות משיאין עד מפי עד. מפי עבד. מפי אשה. מפי שפחה. רבי אליעזר ורבי יהושע אומרים. אין משיאין את האשה על פי עד אחד. רבי עקיבא אומר לא על פי אשה ולא על פי עבד ולא על פי שפחה. ולא על פי קרובים. אמרו לו מעשה בבני לוי שהלכו לצוער עיר התמרים. וחלה אחד מהם בדרך והביאוהו בפונדק. ובחזרתם אמרו לפונדקית איה חבירנו. אמרה להם מת וקברתיו והשיאו את אשתו. אמרו לו ולא תהא כהנת כפונדקית. אמר להם לכשתהא פונדקית נאמנת הפונדקית הוציאה להם מקלו ותרמילו וספר תורה שהיו בידו: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b602de492f3867c9e5314d66950aa17fdcc419d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה נָשִׁים פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, בִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בְּנוֹ, בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּבַת בְּנָהּ, וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, חֲמוֹתוֹ וְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ, וְאֵם חָמִיו, אֲחוֹתוֹ מֵאִמּוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאִמּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְכַלָּתוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם. וְכֻלָּן אִם מֵתוּ, אוֹ מֵאֲנוּ, אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת. וְאִי אַתָּה יָכוֹל לוֹמַר בַּחֲמוֹתוֹ וּבְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ וּבְאֵם חָמִיו שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת אוֹ שֶּׁמֵּאֵנוּ: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן. הָיְתָה בִּתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וָמֵת, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁבִּתּוֹ פְּטוּרָה, כָּךְ צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה. הָלְכָה צָרַת בִּתּוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וָמֵת, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁצָּרַת בִּתּוֹ פְּטוּרָה, כָּךְ צָרַת צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה. כֵּיצַד אִם מֵתוּ צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת, הָיְתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, מֵתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו, צָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת. וְכָל הַיְכוֹלָה לְמָאֵן וְלֹא מֵאֲנָה, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שֵׁשׁ עֲרָיוֹת חֲמוּרוֹת מֵאֵלּוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנְּשׂוּאוֹת לַאֲחֵרִים, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת. אִמּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָבִיו, וַאֲחוֹת אָבִיו, אֲחוֹתוֹ מֵאָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאָבִיו: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַתִּירִין הַצָּרוֹת לָאַחִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִים. חָלְצוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִים. נִתְיַבְּמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַכְשִׁירִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ אוֹסְרִין וְאֵלּוּ מַתִּירִין, אֵלּוּ פּוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית הִלֵּל, וְלֹא בֵית הִלֵּל מִבֵּית שַׁמַּאי. כָּל הַטָּהֳרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ עוֹשִׂין טָהֳרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּבֵּי אֵלּוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כֵּיצַד אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ. שְׁנֵי אַחִים, וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, וְנוֹלַד לָהֶן אָח, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצֵאת מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר וָמֵת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, וְיִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לָהֶן אָח, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצֵאת מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: \n",
+ "כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַיְבָמָה. כָּל שֶׁהִיא אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אִסּוּרָהּ אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אֲחוֹתָהּ שֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, שְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. אִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּמַמְזֵר: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אָח מִכָּל מָקוֹם, זוֹקֵק אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו לְיִבּוּם, וְאָחִיו לְכָל דָּבָר, חוּץ מִמִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית. מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ בֵּן מִכָּל מָקוֹם, פּוֹטֵר אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו מִן הַיִּבּוּם, וְחַיָּב עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ, וּבְנוֹ הוּא לְכָל דָּבָר, חוּץ מִמִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן קִדֵּשׁ, נוֹתֵן גֵּט לָזוֹ וְגֵט לָזוֹ. מֵת, וְלוֹ אָח אֶחָד, חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן. הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, זֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, וְזֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, זֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּין, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּין. מֵתוּ, לָזֶה אָח, וְלָזֶה אָח, זֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְזֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן. לָזֶה אֶחָד וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, הַיָּחִיד חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְהַשְּׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם, קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם. לָזֶה שְׁנַיִם וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת, וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה מְיַבֵּם חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה מְיַבֵּם חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. קָדְמוּ שְׁנַיִם וְחָלְצוּ, לֹא יְיַבְּמוּ הַשְּׁנַיִם, אֶלָּא אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם: \n",
+ "מִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. וְאִם קָדַם הַקָּטָן, זָכָה. הַנִּטְעָן עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה וְנִשְׁתַּחְרְרָה, אוֹ עַל הַנָּכְרִית וְנִתְגַּיְּרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִכְנוֹס. וְאִם כָּנַס אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדוֹ. הַנִּטְעָן עַל אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, וְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִתַּחַת יָדוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּנַס, יוֹצִיא: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵת, הֲרַגְתִּיו, הֲרַגְנוּהוּ, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֲרַגְתִּיו, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ. הֲרַגְנוּהוּ, תִּנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "הֶחָכָם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְּנֶדֶר עַל בַּעְלָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׂאֶנָּה. מֵאֲנָה, אוֹ שֶׁחָלְצָה בְפָנָיו, יִשָּׂאֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בֵית דִּין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם נָשִׁים, וָמֵתוּ, מֻתָּרוֹת לִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶם. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנִּשְּׂאוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְנִתְגָּרְשׁוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְאַלְמְנוּ, מֻתָּרוֹת לִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶן. וְכֻלָּן מֻתָּרוֹת לִבְנֵיהֶם אוֹ לַאֲחֵיהֶן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וּמֵתוּ הַנְּשׂוּאִים אֶת הָאֲחָיוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים יְקַיְּמוּ, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים יוֹצִיאוּ: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עַל הָאֶחָד אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ, וְהַשֵּׁנִי אָסוּר בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן אִסּוּר מִצְוָה וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, הָאֲסוּרָה לָזֶה מֻתֶּרֶת לָזֶה, וְהָאֲסוּרָה לָזֶה מֻתֶּרֶת לָזֶה. וְזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אֲחוֹתָהּ כְּשֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בְּנָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. אִסּוּר מִצְוָה אוֹ אִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְהַלָּה תֵצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט וּבַחֲלִיצָה, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אוֹי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאוֹי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצְאָה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, נָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת הַנָּשׂוּי נָכְרִית, וְכָנַס אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצְאָה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, נָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אֶחָת. שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, גֵּרֵשׁ אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵת נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, וּכְנָסָהּ הַמְּגָרֵשׁ, וָמֵת, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, וְכֻלָּן שֶׁמֵּתוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "וְכֻלָּן שֶׁהָיוּ בָהֶן קִדּוּשִׁין אוֹ גֵרוּשִׁין בְּסָפֵק, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ צָרוֹת, חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. כֵּיצַד סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין, זָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשִׁין, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ, זֶהוּ סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין. סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין, כָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמָן, יֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמָן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, זֶהוּ סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין שָׁלֹשׁ נָכְרִיוֹת, וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶן, וְעָשָׂה בָהּ הַשֵּׁנִי מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת, שֶׁנֶאֱמַר (דברים כה), וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶם יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת יָבָם אֶחָד, וְלֹא שֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת שְׁנֵי יְבָמִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, וּבִשְׁעַת כְּנִיסָתָן לַחֻפָּה הֶחֱלִיפוּ אֶת שֶׁל זֶה לָזֶה, וְאֶת שֶׁל זֶה לָזֶה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. הָיוּ אַחִין, מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָח. וְאִם הָיוּ אֲחָיוֹת, מִשּׁוּם אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ. וְאִם הָיוּ נִדּוֹת, מִשּׁוּם נִדָּה. וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתָן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים, שֶׁמָּא מְעֻבָּרוֹת הֵן. וְאִם הָיוּ קְטַנּוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיוֹת לֵילֵד, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתָן מִיָּד. וְאִם הָיוּ כֹהֲנוֹת, נִפְסְלוּ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, וְלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. אֵין הַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, וּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, יוֹצִיא וְחַיָּבִין בַּקָּרְבָּן. וְאִם אֵין הַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, יְקַיֵּם. סָפֵק בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, סָפֵק בֶּן שִׁבְעָה לָאַחֲרוֹן, יוֹצִיא וְהַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר, וְחַיָּבִין בְּאָשָׁם תָּלוּי: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים, מוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁמּוֹכֶרֶת, וְנוֹתֶנֶת, וְקַיָּם. מֵתָה, מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ בִכְתֻבָּתָהּ וּבַנְּכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְיוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲלֹקוּ יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל עִם יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נְכָסִים בְּחֶזְקָתָן, כְּתֻבָּה בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל, נְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְיוֹצְאִים עִמָּהּ בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב: \n",
+ "כְּנָסָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְאִשְׁתּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן: \n",
+ "מִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. לֹא רָצָה, מְהַלְּכִין עַל כָּל הָאַחִין. לֹא רָצוּ, חוֹזְרִין אֵצֶל גָּדוֹל וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ, עָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ אוֹ יַבֵּם: \n",
+ "תָּלָה בַקָּטָן עַד שֶׁיַּגְדִּיל, אוֹ בַגָּדוֹל עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, אוֹ בַחֵרֵשׁ, אוֹ בַשּׁוֹטֶה, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, עָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ אוֹ יַבֵּם: \n",
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְאֶחָד מִן הָאַחִין לַנַּחֲלָה. וְאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אָב, נְכָסִים שֶׁל אָב. הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, זָכָה בַנְּכָסִים שֶׁל אָחִיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אָב, נְכָסִים שֶׁל אָב. הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו. הוּא אָסוּר בְּאִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אָבִיהָ, וּבְבִתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בִּתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בְּנָהּ, וּבַאֲחוֹתָהּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא קַיֶּמֶת. וְהָאַחִין מֻתָּרִין. וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בְאָבִיו, וּבַאֲבִי אָבִיו, וּבִבְנוֹ, וּבְבֶן בְּנוֹ, בְּאָחִיו, וּבְבֶן אָחִיו. מֻתָּר אָדָם בִּקְרוֹבַת צָרַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, וְאָסוּר בְּצָרַת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ: \n",
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וָמֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וָמֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אָמְרוּ, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, הַמְתֵּן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אָחִיךָ הַגָּדוֹל מַעֲשֶׂה. חָלַץ לָהּ אָחִיו, אוֹ כְנָסָהּ, יִכְנֹס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵתָה הַיְּבָמָה, יִכְנֹס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵת יָבָם, יוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה: \n",
+ "הַיְבָמָה לֹא תַחֲלֹץ וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, עַד שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים. וְכֵן כָּל שְׁאָר הַנָּשִׁים לֹא יִתְאָרְסוּ וְלֹא יִנָּשְׂאוּ, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לָהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים. אֶחָד בְּתוּלוֹת וְאֶחָד בְּעוּלוֹת, אֶחָד גְּרוּשׁוֹת וְאֶחָד אַלְמָנוֹת, אֶחָד נְשׂוּאוֹת וְאֶחָד אֲרוּסוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַנְּשׂוּאוֹת יִתְאָרְסוּ, וְהָאֲרוּסוֹת יִנָּשְׂאוּ, חוּץ מִן הָאֲרוּסוֹת שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבּוֹ גַּס בָּהּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנָּשִׁים יִתְאָרְסוּ, חוּץ מִן הָאַלְמָנָה, מִפְּנֵי הָאִבּוּל: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין אַרְבַּע נָשִׁים, וָמֵתוּ, אִם רָצָה הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּהֶם לְיַבֵּם אֶת כֻּלָּן, הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ. מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, וָמֵת, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. הָיְתָה אַחַת כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאַחַת פְּסוּלָה, אִם הָיָה חוֹלֵץ, חוֹלֵץ לַפְּסוּלָה. וְאִם הָיָה מְיַבֵּם, מְיַבֵּם לַכְּשֵׁרָה: \n",
+ "הַמַּחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ, וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא חֲלוּצָתוֹ, וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, יוֹצִיא, וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר. וּמוֹדִים בְּנוֹשֵׂא קְרוֹבַת גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ, שֶׁהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר: \n",
+ "אֵיזֶהוּ מַמְזֵר, כָּל שְׁאֵר בָּשָׂר שֶׁהוּא בְלֹא יָבֹא דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּימְנִי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. וַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלָיו מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מָצָאתִי מְגִלַּת יֻחֲסִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְכָתוּב בָּהּ, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מַמְזֵר מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, לְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. גֵּרְשָׁהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. יְבִמְתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. חָלַץ לָהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵין גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְלֹא מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, וְלֹא בְעִילָה אַחַר בְּעִילָה, וְלֹא חֲלִיצָה אַחַר חֲלִיצָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְיֵשׁ מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, אֲבָל לֹא אַחַר בְּעִילָה וְלֹא אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְּלוּם: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בִּיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר וַחֲלִיצָה, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר וּבָעַל, הֲרֵי זוֹ כְמִצְוָתָהּ: \n",
+ "נָתַן גֵּט וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט, וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. אַחַת יְבָמָה אַחַת לְיָבָם אֶחָד, וְאַחַת שְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת לְיָבָם אֶחָד: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וּמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּין וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וְגֵט בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וּבָעַל אֶת זוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּין וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה צְרִיכָה גֵט. גֵּט לָזוֹ וְגֵט לָזוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וּבָעַל אֶת זוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וּמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְּלוּם: \n",
+ "חָלַץ וְחָלַץ, אוֹ חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, בֵּין יָבָם אֶחָד לִשְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, בֵּין שְׁנֵי יְבָמִין לִיבָמָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, וְנָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף. וְהַבְּעִילָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בַתְּחִלָּה, אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם. בָּאֶמְצַע וּבַסּוֹף, יֵשׁ אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, אַחַת בְּעִילָה וְאַחַת חֲלִיצָה, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, בֵּין בְּשׁוֹגֵג, בֵּין בְּמֵזִיד, בֵּין בְּאֹנֶס, בֵּין בְּרָצוֹן, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא שׁוֹגֵג וְהִיא מְזִידָה, הוּא מֵזִיד וְהִיא שׁוֹגֶגֶת, הוּא אָנוּס וְהִיא לֹא אֲנוּסָה, הִיא אֲנוּסָה וְהוּא לֹא אָנוּס, אֶחָד הַמְעָרֶה וְאֶחָד הַגּוֹמֵר, קָנָה, וְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה: \n",
+ "וְכֵן הַבָּא עַל אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, אוֹ פְסוּלוֹת, כְּגוֹן אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַמְזֵר וּלְנָתִין, פָּסַל. וְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה: \n",
+ "אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מִן הָאֵרוּסִין לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין. נִתְאַרְמְלוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין פְּסוּלוֹת, מִן הָאֵרוּסִין כְּשֵׁרוֹת: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל לֹא יִשָּׂא אַלְמָנָה, בֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, בֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, וְלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת הַבּוֹגֶרֶת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין בְּבוֹגֶרֶת. לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת מֻכַּת עֵץ. אֵרֵס אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, וְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, יִכְנֹס. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן גַּמְלָא שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת מָרְתָא בַת בַּיְתוֹס, וּמִנָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, וּכְנָסָהּ. שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלָה לִפְנֵי כֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, וְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִכְנֹס. כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת אָחִיו, חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט לֹא יִשָּׂא אַיְלוֹנִית, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֶשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים, לֹא יִשָּׂא אַיְלוֹנִית, שֶׁהִיא זוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַתּוֹרָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין זוֹנָה אֶלָּא גִיּוֹרֶת וּמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת וְשֶׁנִּבְעֲלָה בְעִילַת זְנוּת: \n",
+ "לֹא יִבָּטֵל אָדָם מִפְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֶשׁ לוֹ בָנִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (בראשית ה) זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בְּרָאָם. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה, וְשָׁהָה עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים, וְלֹא יָלְדָה, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לִבָּטֵל. גֵּרְשָׁהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לִנָּשֵׂא לְאַחֵר. וְרַשַּׁאי הַשֵּׁנִי לִשְׁהוֹת עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים. וְאִם הִפִּילָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהִפִּילָה. הָאִישׁ מְצֻוֶּה עַל פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, אֲבָל לֹא הָאִשָּׁה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, עַל שְׁנֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר (בראשית א), וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם אֱלֹהִים פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, הִכְנִיסָה לוֹ עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג וְעַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה, עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל יֹאכֵלוּ. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, אִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לָהּ, וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לָהּ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, אִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לוֹ, וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לוֹ. הוֹאִיל וְהוּא חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן וְהִכְנִיסָה לוֹ עֲבָדִים, בֵּין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, בֵּין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. וּבַת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְהִכְנִיסָה לוֹ, בֵּין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, בֵּין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, וּמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בַּתְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר, שֶׁהָעֻבָּר פּוֹסֵל וְאֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵאַחַר שֶׁהֵעַדְתָּ לָנוּ עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, אַף בַּת כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֵן, וּמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בַתְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר: \n",
+ "הָעֻבָּר, וְהַיָּבָם, וְהָאֵרוּסִין, וְהַחֵרֵשׁ, וּבֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, פּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִין. סָפֵק שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד סָפֵק שֶׁאֵינוֹ, סָפֵק הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת סָפֵק שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא, נָפַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו וְעַל בַּת אָחִיו וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה מֵת רִאשׁוֹן, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "הָאוֹנֵס, וְהַמְפַתֶּה, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, לֹא פוֹסְלִים וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִים. וְאִם אֵינָם רְאוּיִין לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין. כֵּיצַד, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת כֹּהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נֶחְתַּךְ הָעֻבָּר בְּמֵעֶיהָ, תֹּאכַל. כֹּהֵן שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל. יָלְדָה, תֹּאכַל. נִמְצָא כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁל אָב. הָעֶבֶד פּוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם בִּיאָה, וְאֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם זָרַע. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן וְנִכְבַּשׁ עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה עֶבֶד. הָיְתָה אֵם אָבִיו בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מַמְזֵר פּוֹסֵל וּמַאֲכִיל. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בַת, וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לְעֶבֶד, אוֹ לְגוֹי, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה מַמְזֵר. הָיְתָה אֵם אִמּוֹ בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל. כֵּיצַד, בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בַת, וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עוֹמֵד וּמְשַׁמֵּשׁ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, מַאֲכִיל אֶת אִמּוֹ וּפוֹסֵל אֶת אֵם אִמּוֹ, וְזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת, לֹא כִבְנִי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, שֶׁהוּא פּוֹסְלֵנִי מִן הַתְּרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֶעָרֵל וְכָל הַטְּמֵאִים, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. נְשֵׁיהֶן וְעַבְדֵּיהֶן, יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, הֵן וְעַבְדֵיהֶן יֹאכְלוּ, וּנְשֵׁיהֶן לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ. וְאִם לֹא יְדָעָהּ מִשֶּׁנַּעֲשָׂה פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכֵלוּ: \n",
+ "אֵיזֶהוּ פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא, כֹּל שֶׁנִּפְצְעוּ הַבֵּיצִים שֶׁלּוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ אַחַת מֵהֶן. וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, כֹּל שֶׁנִּכְרַת הַגִּיד. וְאִם נִשְׁתַּיֵּר מֵהָעֲטָרָה אֲפִלּוּ כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה, כָּשֵׁר. פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, מֻתָּרִין בְּגִיּוֹרֶת וּמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא מִלָּבֹא בַקָּהָל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כג), לֹא יָבֹא פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה בִּקְהַל ה': \n",
+ "עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי, אֲסוּרִים, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֲבָל נְקֵבוֹתֵיהֶם מֻתָּרוֹת מִיָּד. מִצְרִי וַאֲדוֹמִי אֵינָם אֲסוּרִים אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, אֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, קַל וָחֹמֶר הַדְּבָרִים, וּמָה אִם בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, הִתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד, מְקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא אָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁנַּתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִם הֲלָכָה נְקַבֵּל, וְאִם לַדִּין, יֵשׁ תְּשׁוּבָה. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא כִי, הֲלָכָה אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. מַמְזֵרִין וּנְתִינִין, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֶחָד זְכָרִים, וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁהַסָּרִיס חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, וְהַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאֵין לִי לְפָרֵשׁ. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ. סְרִיס אָדָם חוֹלֵץ וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיְתָה לוֹ שְׁעַת הַכֹּשֶׁר. סְרִיס חַמָּה לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה לוֹ שְׁעַת הַכֹּשֶׁר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא סְרִיס חַמָּה חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רְפוּאָה. סְרִיס אָדָם לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ רְפוּאָה. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל בֶּן מְגוּסַת שֶׁהָיָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם סְרִיס אָדָם, וְיִבְּמוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, לְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: \n",
+ "הַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. וְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. הַסָּרִיס שֶׁחָלַץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, לֹא פְסָלָהּ. בְּעָלָהּ, פְּסָלָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא בְעִילַת זְנוּת. וְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית שֶׁחָלְצוּ לָהּ אַחִין, לֹא פְסָלוּהָ. בְּעָלוּהָ, פְּסָלוּהָ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבְּעִילָתָהּ בְּעִילַת זְנוּת: \n",
+ "סְרִיס חַמָּה כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ בַּתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ בַּתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, טֻמְטוּם שֶׁנִּקְרַע וְנִמְצָא זָכָר, לֹא יַחֲלֹץ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְסָרִיס. אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס נוֹשֵׂא, אֲבָל לֹא נִשָּׂא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס חַיָּבִים עָלָיו סְקִילָה, כְּזָכָר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "יֵשׁ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן, מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן, מֻתָּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ, וַאֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. וְאֵלוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן, כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט שֶׁנָּשָׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, חָלָל שֶׁנָּשָׂא כְשֵׁרָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כָּשֵׁר, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן. כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח חָלָל, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן. אֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ, כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנָּשָׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אוֹ כֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כָּשֵׁר, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, אֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים, מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וְלִיְבָמֵיהֶן: \n",
+ "שְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, שְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם, אֲסוּרָה לַבַּעַל וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. שְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַבָּעַל. שְׁנִיָּה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה, אֲסוּרָה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה. אֵין לָהּ לֹא כְתֻבָּה, וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, וְהַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר, וְכוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא. אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, יֵשׁ לָהֶן כְּתֻבָּה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְכֹהֵן, וְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לְלֵוִי, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִלֵּוִי, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְלֵוִי, וְכֵן בַּת לֵוִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. בַּת לֵוִי מְאֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְכֹהֵן, וְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לְלֵוִי, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נִסֵּת לְלֵוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. נִסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר: \n",
+ "בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נִשֵּׂאת לְלֵוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. נִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, חוֹזֶרֶת לְבֵית אָבִיהָ. וְעַל זוֹ נֶאֱמַר (ויקרא כב), וְשָׁבָה אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ מִלֶּחֶם אָבִיהָ תֹּאכֵל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִסֵּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְאֵין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, לֹא עַל זֶה וְלֹא עַל זֶה. אִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחֲזִיר. וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמְּאִין לָהּ, וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִין לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וְלֹא בַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסְלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבַת לֵוִי מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וּבַת כֹּהֵן מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵין יוֹרְשִׁים שֶׁל זֶה וְיוֹרְשִׁים שֶׁל זֶה יוֹרְשִׁים אֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְאִם מֵתוּ, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הָרִאשׁוֹן זַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ מֵאָחִיו שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ, וְאֵין הַוָּלָד מִמֶּנּוּ מַמְזֵר. וְאִם נִסֵּת שֶׁלֹּא בִרְשׁוּת, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "נִסֵּת עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, תֵּצֵא, וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. לֹא נִסֵּת עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, תֵּצֵא, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן. יָפֶה כֹּחַ בֵּית דִּין, שֶׁפּוֹטְרָהּ מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. הוֹרוּהָ בֵית דִּין לִנָּשֵׂא, וְהָלְכָה וְקִלְקְלָה, חַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן, שֶׁלֹּא הִתִּירוּהָ אֶלָּא לִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעֲלָהּ וּבְנָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנֵךְ, וְנִשֵּׂאת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בְּנֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִתְיַבְּמָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִסֵּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, קַיָּם הָיָה וּמֵת, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִתְקַדְּשָׁה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ אַחֲרוֹן גֵּט, לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. אֶת זוֹ דָרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן מַתְיָא, וְאִשָּׁה גְּרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָׁהּ (ויקרא כא), וְלֹא מֵאִישׁ שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישָׁהּ: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָלְכָה אִשְׁתּוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּאת אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹת שְׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו. וְאִם מֵתָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לוֹ, קַיֶּמֶת הָיְתָה, וּמֵתָה, הַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מַמְזֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁפּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, אֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ: \n",
+ "אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, וְנִמְצְאוּ כֻלָּן קַיָּמוֹת, מֻתָּר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. וְאִם בָּא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, הוּא פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אַחִין, וְהָאַחִים פּוֹסְלִין עַל יָדוֹ, אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל תְּחִלָּה, וְהָאַחִין פּוֹסְלִין תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף. כֵּיצַד, בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, פָּסַל עַל יְדֵי אַחִין. בָּאוּ עָלֶיהָ אַחִין, וְעָשׂוּ בָהּ מַאֲמָר, נָתְנוּ גֵט אוֹ חָלְצוּ, פָּסְלוּ עַל יָדוֹ: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עָלֶיהָ אָחִיו שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, פָּסַל עַל יָדוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא פָסַל: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עַל צָרָתָהּ, פָּסַל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא פָסָל. בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וּמֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וּמֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ פְטוּרָה: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת וּמֵת, אִם לֹא יָדַע אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נוֹשְׂאִין עַל הָאֲנוּסָה וְעַל הַמְפֻתָּה. הָאוֹנֵס וְהַמְפַתֶּה עַל הַנְּשׂוּאָה, חַיָּב. נוֹשֵׂא אָדָם אֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו, אֲנוּסַת בְּנוֹ וּמְפֻתַּת בְּנוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בַּאֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו: \n",
+ "הַגִּיּוֹרֶת שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ, לֹא חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, אֲפִלּוּ הוֹרָתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא בִקְדֻשָּׁה וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה, וְהַשֵּׁנִי הוֹרָתוֹ וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה. וְכֵן שִׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ: \n",
+ "חָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ וַלְדוֹתֵיהֶן, הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים וּמֵתוּ, אַרְבָּעָה חוֹלְצִין לְאַחַת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם אוֹתָהּ. הוּא וּשְׁלשָׁה חוֹלְצִים לְאַחֶרֶת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. נִמְצְאוּ אַרְבַּע חֲלִיצוֹת וְיִבּוּם לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב וְלָדָהּ בִּוְלַד כַּלָּתָהּ, הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת, וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים, וּמֵתוּ, בְּנֵי הַכַּלָּה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו. וּבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה, אוֹ חוֹלְצִין אוֹ מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן אָחִיו. מֵתוּ הַכְּשֵׁרִים, בְּנֵי הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת לִבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וּבְנֵי הַכַּלָּה, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "כֹּהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב וְלָדָּהּ בִּוְלַד שִׁפְחָתָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אוֹכְלִים בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְחוֹלְקִים חֵלֶק אֶחָד בַּגֹּרֶן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לְמֵתִים, וְאֵין נוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים, בֵּין כְּשֵׁרוֹת בֵּין פְּסוּלוֹת. הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת, וְשִׁחְרְרוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה, נוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים רְאוּיוֹת לַכְּהֻנָּה, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לְמֵתִים. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ, אֵינָן סוֹפְגִין אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. וְאֵינָן אוֹכְלִים בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְאִם אָכְלוּ, אֵינָן מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וָחֹמֶשׁ. וְאֵינָן חוֹלְקִין עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וּמוֹכְרִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. וְאֵינָן חוֹלְקִים בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם קָדָשִׁים, וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין שֶׁלָּהֶם מִיָּדָם, וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַזְּרֹעַ וּמִן הַלְּחָיַיִם וּמִן הַקֵּבָה, וּבְכוֹרוֹ יְהֵא רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב, וְנוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים וְחֻמְרֵי יִשְׂרְאֵלִים: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהֲתָה אַחַר בַּעְלָה שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים וְנִשֵּׂאת, וְיָלְדָה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן אִם בֶּן שִׁבְעָה לָאַחֲרוֹן. הָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וּבָנִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי, חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. וְכֵן הוּא לָהֶם, חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. הָיוּ לוֹ אַחִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וְאַחִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁלֹּא מֵאוֹתָהּ הָאֵם, הוּא חוֹלֵץ וּמְיַבֵּם, וְהֵם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "הָיָה אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן, נוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה רְאוּיָה לְכֹהֵן, וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים, וְאִם נִטְמָא, אֵינוֹ סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם אָכַל, אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וָחֹמֶשׁ. וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וּמוֹכֵר הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלּוֹ. וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לוֹ אֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים, וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ מִיָּדוֹ. וּפָטוּר מִן הַזְּרֹעַ וְהַלְּחָיַיִם וְהַקֵּבָה. וּבְכוֹרוֹ יְהֵא רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב. וְנוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים וְחֻמְרֵי יִשְׂרְאֵלִים. הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כֹּהֲנִים, הוּא אוֹנֵן עֲלֵיהֶם, וְהֵם אוֹנְנִים עָלָיו. הוּא אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לָהֶם, וְהֵם אֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לוֹ. הוּא אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָן, אֲבָל הֵם יוֹרְשִׁין אוֹתוֹ. וּפָטוּר עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה וְשֶׁל זֶה, וְעוֹלֶה בְמִשְׁמָרוֹ שֶׁל זֶה וְשֶׁל זֶה, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק. אִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּמִשְׁמָר אֶחָד, נוֹטֵל חֵלֶק אֶחָד: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דַיָּנִין, וַאֲפִלּוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן הֶדְיוֹטוֹת. חָלְצָה בְמִנְעָל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. בְּאַנְפִּילִין, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. בְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ עָקֵב, כָּשֵׁר. וְשֶׁאֵין לוֹ עָקֵב, פָּסוּל. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַטָּה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, אוֹ בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁל עֵץ, אוֹ בְשֶׁל שְׂמֹאל בַּיָּמִין, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. חָלְצָה בְגָדוֹל שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַהֲלוֹךְ בּוֹ, אוֹ בְקָטָן שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֶה אֶת רֹב רַגְלוֹ, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. חָלְצָה בַלַּיְלָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹסֵל. בַּשְּׂמֹאל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא קָרְאָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. קָרְאָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא חָלְצָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. חָלְצָה וְקָרְאָה, אֲבָל לֹא רָקְקָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה (דברים כה), כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה, מְעַכֵּב. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִשָּׁם רְאָיָה, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה בָאִישׁ: \n",
+ "הַחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַץ וְהַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁחָלְצָה, וְהַחוֹלֶצֶת לַקָּטָן, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. קְטַנָּה שֶׁחָלְצָה, תַּחֲלֹץ מִשֶּׁתַּגְדִּיל. וְאִם לֹא חָלְצָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה בִשְׁנַיִם, אוֹ בִשְׁלֹשָׁה, וְנִמְצָא אֶחָד מֵהֶן קָרוֹב אוֹ פָסוּל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר מַכְשִׁירִין. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁחָלַץ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְהִכְשִׁיר: \n",
+ "מִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה. בָּא הוּא וִיבִמְתּוֹ לְבֵית דִּין, וְהֵן מַשִּׂיאִין לוֹ עֵצָה הַהוֹגֶנֶת לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (דברים כה) וְקָרְאוּ לוֹ זִקְנֵי עִירוֹ וְדִבְּרוּ אֵלָיו. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת, מֵאֵן יְבָמִי לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא אָבָה יַבְּמִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, לֹא חָפַצְתִּי לְקַחְתָּהּ. וּבִלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים. וְנִגְּשָׁה יְבִמְתּוֹ אֵלָיו לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנִים וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו, רֹק הַנִּרְאֶה לַדַּיָּנִים. וְעָנְתָה וְאָמְרָה כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִבְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָחִיו, עַד כָּאן הָיוּ מַקְרִין. וּכְשֶׁהִקְרָא רַבִּי הֻרְקְנוֹס תַּחַת הָאֵלָה בִּכְפַר עֵיטָם וְגָמַר אֶת כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה, הֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת גּוֹמְרִין כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל. מִצְוָה בַדַּיָּנִין, וְלֹא מִצְוָה בַתַּלְמִידִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִצְוָה עַל כָּל הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם לוֹמַר, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְמָאֲנִין אֶלָּא אֲרוּסוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲרוּסוֹת וּנְשׂוּאוֹת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וְלֹא בַיָּבָם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וּבַיָּבָם. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא בְפָנָיו. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְבֵית דִּין. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, מְמָאֶנֶת וְהִיא קְטַנָּה, אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אֵין בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶפְקֵר, אֶלָּא מְמָאֶנֶת וּמַמְתֶּנֶת עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וּתְמָאֵן וְתִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אֵיזוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לְמָאֵן, כֹּל שֶׁהִשִּׂיאוּהָ אִמָּהּ וְאַחֶיהָ לְדַעְתָּהּ. הִשִּׂיאוּהָ שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתָּהּ, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, כָּל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַעֲשֵׂה קְטַנָּה כְלוּם, אֶלָּא כִמְפֻתָּה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, כָּל עַכָּבָה שֶׁהִיא מִן הָאִישׁ, כְּאִלּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְכָל עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ מִן הָאִישׁ, כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָהּ אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ, הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, וְלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, וּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. מֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, גֵּט אַחַר מֵאוּן, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. מֵאוּן אַחַר גֵּט, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, לְאַחֵר וּמֵאֲנָה בוֹ, לְאַחֵר וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, לְאַחֵר וּמֵאֲנָה בוֹ, כֹּל שֶׁיָּצָאת הֵימֶנּוּ בְגֵט, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. בְּמֵאוּן, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, כִּיתוֹמָה בְחַיֵּי הָאָב. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת גְדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל קְטַנָּה, תֵּצֵא הַקְּטַנָּה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְלַמְּדִין אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם מֵאֲנָה, מֵאֲנָה. וְאִם לָאו, תַּמְתִּין עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וְתֵצֵא הַלָּזוּ מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. קְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, אֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. פִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בִּיאַת הַפִּקַּחַת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, וְאֵין בִּיאַת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, בִּיאַת הַגְּדוֹלָה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה, וְאֵין בִּיאַת הַקְּטַנָּה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. קְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, פָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת: \n",
+ "פִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, פָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת: \n",
+ "גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, פָּסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, מְלַמְּדִין הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ: \n",
+ "יָבָם קָטָן שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבָמָה קְטַנָּה, יִגְדְּלוּ זֶה עִם זֶה. בָּא עַל יְבָמָה גְדוֹלָה, תְּגַדְּלֶנּוּ. הַיְבָמָה שֶׁאָמְרָה בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, לֹא נִבְעָלְתִּי, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, מְבַקְשִׁים הֵימֶנּוּ שְׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֶה, אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֶרֶת הֲנָאָה מִיְבָמָהּ בְּחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. לְאַחַר מִיתַת בַּעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁין הֵימֶנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. וְאִם נִתְכַּוְּנָה לְכָךְ, אֲפִלּוּ בְחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁין הֵימֶנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת, וּפִקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת, אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵּם. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא כוֹנֵס בִּרְמִיזָה, כָּךְ הוּא מוֹצִיא בִרְמִיזָה. פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת, וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה, אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵּם. נִשְׁתַּטֵּית, לֹא יוֹצִיא. נִתְחָרֵשׁ הוּא אוֹ נִשְׁתַּטָּה, אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא עוֹלָמִית. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, מִפְּנֵי מָה הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְחָרְשָׁה יוֹצְאָה, וְהָאִישׁ שֶׁנִּתְחָרֵשׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵינוֹ דוֹמֶה הָאִישׁ הַמְגָרֵשׁ לְאִשָּׁה מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת, שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה לִרְצוֹנָהּ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִרְצוֹנָהּ, וְהָאִישׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא אֶלָּא לִרְצוֹנוֹ: ",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף זוֹ כַיּוֹצֵא בָהּ: ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁים, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת, אוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, אוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, אוֹ שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת נְשׂוּאוֹת לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים, אוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁין אוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִין, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרוֹת מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם. וְאִם הָיוּ נָכְרִיּוֹת, יִכְנֹסוּ, וְאִם רָצוּ לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיאוּ: ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מוֹצִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מוֹצִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת, אַחַת פִּקַּחַת וְאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת, מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס. וְאִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס. וְאִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, כּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, שָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, וּבָאתָה וְאָמְרָה, מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּתְיַבֵּם. שָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וּמִלְחָמָה בָעוֹלָם, קְטָטָה בֵינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, וּבָאתָה וְאָמְרָה, מֵת בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן בָּאתָה בוֹכָה וּבְגָדֶיהָ קְרוּעִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַחַת זוֹ וְאַחַת זוֹ, תִּנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, וּבְאוֹתָהּ מְדִינָה, וּכְמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַבָּצִיר, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינָה לִמְדִינָה. לֹא דִבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, הִתַּרְתֶּם עֶרְוָה חֲמוּרָה, לֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת מָמוֹן הַקַּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל, מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִים לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמֹד, שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, שֶׁאִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, תִּטְּלִי מַה שֶׁכָּתוּב לִיכִי. וְחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים לַהֲעִידָהּ, חוּץ מֵחֲמוֹתָהּ, וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ, וְצָרָתָהּ, וִיבִמְתָּהּ, וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. מַה בֵּין גֵּט לְמִיתָה, שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת, וְנִשֵּׂאת, וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָמַר לֹא מֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תֵצֵא. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים לֹא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת, תֵּצֵא. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים מֵת, וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִשֵּׂאת, תִּנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת, זוֹ שֶׁאוֹמֶרֶת מֵת תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְזוֹ שֶׁאוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת נֶהֱרָג, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וּמַכְחִישׁוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יִנָּשֵׂאוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, הוֹאִיל וְזוֹ וָזוֹ מוֹדוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ קַיָּם, יִנָּשֵׂאוּ. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא מֵת, אִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאָה וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וְצָרָתָהּ אֲסוּרָה. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּה מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לִנָּשֵׂא, וַאֲסוּרָה מִלֶּאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת חָמִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וַחֲמוֹתָהּ אֲסוּרָה. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּה מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לִנָּשֵׂא, וַאֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה. קִדֵּשׁ אַחַת מֵחָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, כָּל אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת אוֹתִי קִדֵּשׁ, נוֹתֵן גֵּט לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת, וּמַנִּיחַ כְּתֻבָּה בֵּינֵיהֶן וּמִסְתַּלֵּק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן גֵּט וּכְתֻבָּה לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. גָּזַל אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְאֵין יוֹדֵעַ מֵאֵיזֶה גָזַל, כָּל אֶחָד אוֹמֵר אוֹתִי גָזַל, מַנִּיחַ גְּזֵלָה בֵּינֵיהֶן וּמִסְתַּלֵּק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם גְּזֵלָה לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבְנָהּ עִמָּהֶם, וּבָאָה וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. מֵת בְּנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, וְחוֹשְׁשִׁים לִדְבָרֶיהָ, וְחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "נִתַּן לִי בֵן בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמְרָה מֵת בְּנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, וְחוֹשְׁשִׁים לִדְבָרֶיהָ, וְחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "נִתַּן לִי יָבָם בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי, יְבָמִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. הָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ וִיבָמָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי, יְבָמִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר מֵת יְבָמִי, שֶׁתִּנָּשֵׂא. וְלֹא, מֵתָה אֲחוֹתִי, שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ. וְאֵין הָאִישׁ נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר מֵת אָחִי, שֶׁיְּיַבֵּם אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְלֹא, מֵתָה אִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיִּשָּׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, עַד שֶׁתֵּדַע שֶׁמָּא מְעֻבֶּרֶת הִיא צָרָתָהּ. הָיְתָה לָהּ חָמוֹת, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. יָצְתָה מְלֵאָה חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, זוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת בַּעְלִי וְזוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת בַּעְלִי, זוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ וְזוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ. לָזוֹ עֵדִים וְלָזוֹ אֵין עֵדִים, אֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ עֵדִים, אֲסוּרָה. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עֵדִים, מֻתֶּרֶת. לָזוֹ בָנִים וְלָזוֹ אֵין בָּנִים, אֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ בָּנִים, מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ בָּנִים, אֲסוּרָה. נִתְיַבְּמוּ וּמֵתוּ הַיְבָמִין, אֲסוּרוֹת לְהִנָּשֵׂא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וְהֻתְּרוּ לַיְבָמִין, הֻתְּרוּ לְכָל אָדָם: \n",
+ "אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַל פַּרְצוּף פָּנִים עִם הַחֹטֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ סִימָנִין בְּגוּפוֹ וּבְכֵלָיו. אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ רָאוּהוּ מְגֻיָּד, וְצָלוּב, וְהַחַיָּה אוֹכֶלֶת בּוֹ. אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הָאָדָם וְלֹא כָל הַמָּקוֹם וְלֹא כָל הַשָּׁעוֹת שָׁוִין: \n",
+ "נָפַל לְמַיִם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן סוֹף, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן סוֹף, אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר הַגָּדוֹל, וְעָלָה לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בְסוּמָא שֶׁיָּרַד לִטְבֹּל בִּמְעָרָה, וְיָרַד מוֹשְׁכוֹ אַחֲרָיו, וְשָׁהוּ כְדֵי שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשָׁם, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם. וְשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְעַסְיָא בְּאֶחָד שֶׁשִּׁלְשְׁלוּהוּ לַיָּם, וְלֹא עָלָה בְיָדָם אֶלָּא רַגְלוֹ, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַטָּה, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַנָּשִׁים אוֹמְרוֹת, מֵת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, דַּיּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַתִּינוֹקוֹת אוֹמְרִים, הֲרֵי אָנוּ הוֹלְכִין לִסְפֹּד וְלִקְבֹר אֶת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא מִתְכַּוֵּן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּן. וּבְגוֹי, אִם הָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן, אֵין עֵדוּתוֹ עֵדוּת: \n",
+ "מְעִידִין לְאוֹר הַנֵּר וּלְאוֹר הַלְּבָנָה, וּמַשִּׂיאִין עַל פִּי בַת קוֹל. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁעָמַד עַל רֹאשׁ הָהָר וְאָמַר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶן פְּלוֹנִי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי מֵת, הָלְכוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ שָׁם אָדָם, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַלְמוֹן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, אֲנִי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, נְשָׁכַנִי נָחָשׁ, וַהֲרֵי אֲנִי מֵת, וְהָלְכוּ וְלֹא הִכִּירוּהוּ, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כְּשֶׁיָּרַדְתִּי לִנְהַרְדְּעָא לְעַבֵּר הַשָּׁנָה, מָצָאתִי נְחֶמְיָה אִישׁ בֵּית דְּלִי, אָמַר לִי, שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁאֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, אֶלָּא רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. וְנוּמֵתִי לוֹ, כֵּן הַדְּבָרִים. אָמַר לִי, אֱמֹר לָהֶם מִשְּׁמִי, אַתֶּם יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהַמְּדִינָה מְשֻׁבֶּשֶׁת בִּגְיָסוֹת, מְקֻבְּלָנִי מֵרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. וּכְשֶׁבָּאתִי וְהִרְצֵיתִי הַדְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, שָׂמַח לִדְבָרַי, וְאָמַר, מָצָאנוּ חָבֵר לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. מִתּוֹךְ הַדְּבָרִים נִזְכַּר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, שֶׁנֶּהֶרְגוּ הֲרוּגִים בְּתֵל אַרְזָא, וְהִשִּׂיא רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, וְהֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַשִּׂיאִין עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. וְהֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַשִּׂיאִין עֵד מִפִּי עֵד, מִפִּי עֶבֶד, מִפִּי אִשָּׁה, מִפִּי שִׁפְחָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא עַל פִּי אִשָּׁה, וְלֹא עַל פִּי עֶבֶד וְלֹא עַל פִּי שִׁפְחָה, וְלֹא עַל פִּי קְרוֹבִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בִבְנֵי לֵוִי שֶׁהָלְכוּ לְצֹעַר עִיר הַתְּמָרִים, וְחָלָה אַחַד מֵהֶם בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וֶהֱבִיאוּהוּ בְפֻנְדָּק, וּבַחֲזָרָתָם אָמְרוּ לַפֻּנְדָּקִית אַיֵּה חֲבֵרֵנוּ, אָמְרָה לָהֶם מֵת וּקְבַרְתִּיו, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וְלֹא תְהֵא כֹהֶנֶת כַּפֻּנְדָּקִית. אָמַר לָהֶם, לִכְשֶׁתְּהֵא פֻּנְדָּקִית נֶאֱמֶנֶת. הַפֻּנְדָּקִית הוֹצִיאָה לָהֶם מַקְלוֹ וְתַרְמִילוֹ וְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה שֶׁהָיָה בְיָדוֹ: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeb0446a9345c99f3c96e669dcec9ad6ea75e3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nashim/Mishnah Yevamot/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Yevamot",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Yevamot",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה נָשִׁים פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, בִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בִּתּוֹ, וּבַת בְּנוֹ, בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּבַת בְּנָהּ, וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, חֲמוֹתוֹ וְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ, וְאֵם חָמִיו, אֲחוֹתוֹ מֵאִמּוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וַאֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאִמּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְכַלָּתוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן וְצָרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם. וְכֻלָּן אִם מֵתוּ, אוֹ מֵאֲנוּ, אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת. וְאִי אַתָּה יָכוֹל לוֹמַר בַּחֲמוֹתוֹ וּבְאֵם חֲמוֹתוֹ וּבְאֵם חָמִיו שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ אַיְלוֹנִיּוֹת אוֹ שֶּׁמֵּאֵנוּ: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד פּוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן. הָיְתָה בִּתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וָמֵת, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁבִּתּוֹ פְּטוּרָה, כָּךְ צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה. הָלְכָה צָרַת בִּתּוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וָמֵת, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁצָּרַת בִּתּוֹ פְּטוּרָה, כָּךְ צָרַת צָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה. כֵּיצַד אִם מֵתוּ צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת, הָיְתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, מֵתָה בִתּוֹ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו, צָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת. וְכָל הַיְכוֹלָה לְמָאֵן וְלֹא מֵאֲנָה, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שֵׁשׁ עֲרָיוֹת חֲמוּרוֹת מֵאֵלּוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנְּשׂוּאוֹת לַאֲחֵרִים, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת. אִמּוֹ, וְאֵשֶׁת אָבִיו, וַאֲחוֹת אָבִיו, אֲחוֹתוֹ מֵאָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו מֵאָבִיו: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַתִּירִין הַצָּרוֹת לָאַחִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִים. חָלְצוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִים. נִתְיַבְּמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַכְשִׁירִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ אוֹסְרִין וְאֵלּוּ מַתִּירִין, אֵלּוּ פּוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית הִלֵּל, וְלֹא בֵית הִלֵּל מִבֵּית שַׁמַּאי. כָּל הַטָּהֳרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ עוֹשִׂין טָהֳרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּבֵּי אֵלּוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כֵּיצַד אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ. שְׁנֵי אַחִים, וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, וְנוֹלַד לָהֶן אָח, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצֵאת מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר וָמֵת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים וּמֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶן, וְיִבֵּם הַשֵּׁנִי אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לָהֶן אָח, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצֵאת מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְעוֹלָמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: \n",
+ "כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַיְבָמָה. כָּל שֶׁהִיא אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אִסּוּרָהּ אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אֲחוֹתָהּ שֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "אִסּוּר מִצְוָה, שְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. אִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּמַמְזֵר: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אָח מִכָּל מָקוֹם, זוֹקֵק אֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו לְיִבּוּם, וְאָחִיו לְכָל דָּבָר, חוּץ מִמִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית. מִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ בֵּן מִכָּל מָקוֹם, פּוֹטֵר אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו מִן הַיִּבּוּם, וְחַיָּב עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ, וּבְנוֹ הוּא לְכָל דָּבָר, חוּץ מִמִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מִן הַשִּׁפְחָה וּמִן הַנָּכְרִית: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן קִדֵּשׁ, נוֹתֵן גֵּט לָזוֹ וְגֵט לָזוֹ. מֵת, וְלוֹ אָח אֶחָד, חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן. הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, זֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, וְזֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, זֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּין, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי גִטִּין. מֵתוּ, לָזֶה אָח, וְלָזֶה אָח, זֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְזֶה חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן. לָזֶה אֶחָד וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, הַיָּחִיד חוֹלֵץ לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְהַשְּׁנַיִם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם, קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם. לָזֶה שְׁנַיִם וְלָזֶה שְׁנַיִם, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת, וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלֵץ לְאַחַת, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה מְיַבֵּם חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה מְיַבֵּם חֲלוּצָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. קָדְמוּ שְׁנַיִם וְחָלְצוּ, לֹא יְיַבְּמוּ הַשְּׁנַיִם, אֶלָּא אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָם: \n",
+ "מִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. וְאִם קָדַם הַקָּטָן, זָכָה. הַנִּטְעָן עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה וְנִשְׁתַּחְרְרָה, אוֹ עַל הַנָּכְרִית וְנִתְגַּיְּרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִכְנוֹס. וְאִם כָּנַס אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדוֹ. הַנִּטְעָן עַל אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, וְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִתַּחַת יָדוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּנַס, יוֹצִיא: \n",
+ "הַמֵּבִיא גֵט מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמַר בְּפָנַי נִכְתַּב וּבְפָנַי נֶחְתַּם, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵת, הֲרַגְתִּיו, הֲרַגְנוּהוּ, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֲרַגְתִּיו, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ. הֲרַגְנוּהוּ, תִּנָּשֵׂא אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "הֶחָכָם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְּנֶדֶר עַל בַּעְלָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִשָּׂאֶנָּה. מֵאֲנָה, אוֹ שֶׁחָלְצָה בְפָנָיו, יִשָּׂאֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בֵית דִּין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם נָשִׁים, וָמֵתוּ, מֻתָּרוֹת לִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶם. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנִּשְּׂאוּ לַאֲחֵרִים וְנִתְגָּרְשׁוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְאַלְמְנוּ, מֻתָּרוֹת לִנָּשֵׂא לָהֶן. וְכֻלָּן מֻתָּרוֹת לִבְנֵיהֶם אוֹ לַאֲחֵיהֶן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וּמֵתוּ הַנְּשׂוּאִים אֶת הָאֲחָיוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים יְקַיְּמוּ, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים יוֹצִיאוּ: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עַל הָאֶחָד אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ, וְהַשֵּׁנִי אָסוּר בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן אִסּוּר מִצְוָה וְאִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אֲסוּרָה עַל זֶה אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, הָאֲסוּרָה לָזֶה מֻתֶּרֶת לָזֶה, וְהָאֲסוּרָה לָזֶה מֻתֶּרֶת לָזֶה. וְזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אֲחוֹתָהּ כְּשֶׁהִיא יְבִמְתָּהּ, אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בִּתָּהּ, אוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבַת בְּנָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. הָיְתָה אַחַת מֵהֶן אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו אִסּוּר עֶרְוָה, אָסוּר בָּהּ וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. אִסּוּר מִצְוָה אוֹ אִסּוּר קְדֻשָּׁה, חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְהַלָּה תֵצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט וּבַחֲלִיצָה, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אוֹי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאוֹי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצְאָה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, נָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת הַנָּשׂוּי נָכְרִית, וְכָנַס אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וָמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹצְאָה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִשּׁוּם צָרָתָהּ. עָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, נָכְרִית חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִים שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת, וְכָנַס נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אֶחָת. שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וְאֶחָד נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, גֵּרֵשׁ אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּמֵת נָשׂוּי נָכְרִית, וּכְנָסָהּ הַמְּגָרֵשׁ, וָמֵת, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, וְכֻלָּן שֶׁמֵּתוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, צָרוֹתֵיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "וְכֻלָּן שֶׁהָיוּ בָהֶן קִדּוּשִׁין אוֹ גֵרוּשִׁין בְּסָפֵק, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ צָרוֹת, חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. כֵּיצַד סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין, זָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשִׁין, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ, זֶהוּ סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין. סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין, כָּתַב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וְאֵין עָלָיו עֵדִים, יֵשׁ עָלָיו עֵדִים וְאֵין בּוֹ זְמָן, יֶשׁ בּוֹ זְמָן וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא עֵד אֶחָד, זֶהוּ סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין שָׁלֹשׁ נָכְרִיוֹת, וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶן, וְעָשָׂה בָהּ הַשֵּׁנִי מַאֲמָר, וָמֵת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת, שֶׁנֶאֱמַר (דברים כה), וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶם יְבָמָהּ יָבֹא עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת יָבָם אֶחָד, וְלֹא שֶׁעָלֶיהָ זִקַּת שְׁנֵי יְבָמִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, וּמֵת אַחַד מֵהֶן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה עָלָיו עוֹלָמִית, הוֹאִיל וְנֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו שָׁעָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁקִדְּשׁוּ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, וּבִשְׁעַת כְּנִיסָתָן לַחֻפָּה הֶחֱלִיפוּ אֶת שֶׁל זֶה לָזֶה, וְאֶת שֶׁל זֶה לָזֶה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. הָיוּ אַחִין, מִשּׁוּם אֵשֶׁת אָח. וְאִם הָיוּ אֲחָיוֹת, מִשּׁוּם אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ. וְאִם הָיוּ נִדּוֹת, מִשּׁוּם נִדָּה. וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתָן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים, שֶׁמָּא מְעֻבָּרוֹת הֵן. וְאִם הָיוּ קְטַנּוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיוֹת לֵילֵד, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתָן מִיָּד. וְאִם הָיוּ כֹהֲנוֹת, נִפְסְלוּ מִן הַתְּרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, וְלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. אֵין הַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, וּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה: \n",
+ "הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְנִמְצֵאת מְעֻבֶּרֶת וְיָלָדָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, יוֹצִיא וְחַיָּבִין בַּקָּרְבָּן. וְאִם אֵין הַוָּלָד שֶׁל קְיָמָא, יְקַיֵּם. סָפֵק בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, סָפֵק בֶּן שִׁבְעָה לָאַחֲרוֹן, יוֹצִיא וְהַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר, וְחַיָּבִין בְּאָשָׁם תָּלוּי: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים, מוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁמּוֹכֶרֶת, וְנוֹתֶנֶת, וְקַיָּם. מֵתָה, מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ בִכְתֻבָּתָהּ וּבַנְּכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְיוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲלֹקוּ יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל עִם יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נְכָסִים בְּחֶזְקָתָן, כְּתֻבָּה בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל, נְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְיוֹצְאִים עִמָּהּ בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב: \n",
+ "כְּנָסָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְאִשְׁתּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן: \n",
+ "מִצְוָה בַגָּדוֹל לְיַבֵּם. לֹא רָצָה, מְהַלְּכִין עַל כָּל הָאַחִין. לֹא רָצוּ, חוֹזְרִין אֵצֶל גָּדוֹל וְאוֹמְרִים לוֹ, עָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ אוֹ יַבֵּם: \n",
+ "תָּלָה בַקָּטָן עַד שֶׁיַּגְדִּיל, אוֹ בַגָּדוֹל עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, אוֹ בַחֵרֵשׁ, אוֹ בַשּׁוֹטֶה, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, עָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה, אוֹ חֲלֹץ אוֹ יַבֵּם: \n",
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְאֶחָד מִן הָאַחִין לַנַּחֲלָה. וְאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אָב, נְכָסִים שֶׁל אָב. הַכּוֹנֵס אֶת יְבִמְתּוֹ, זָכָה בַנְּכָסִים שֶׁל אָחִיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אָב, נְכָסִים שֶׁל אָב. הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו. הוּא אָסוּר בְּאִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אָבִיהָ, וּבְבִתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בִּתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בְּנָהּ, וּבַאֲחוֹתָהּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא קַיֶּמֶת. וְהָאַחִין מֻתָּרִין. וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בְאָבִיו, וּבַאֲבִי אָבִיו, וּבִבְנוֹ, וּבְבֶן בְּנוֹ, בְּאָחִיו, וּבְבֶן אָחִיו. מֻתָּר אָדָם בִּקְרוֹבַת צָרַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, וְאָסוּר בְּצָרַת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ: \n",
+ "הַחוֹלֵץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וָמֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְנָשָׂא אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וָמֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם: \n",
+ "שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אָחִיו אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אָמְרוּ, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, הַמְתֵּן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אָחִיךָ הַגָּדוֹל מַעֲשֶׂה. חָלַץ לָהּ אָחִיו, אוֹ כְנָסָהּ, יִכְנֹס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵתָה הַיְּבָמָה, יִכְנֹס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. מֵת יָבָם, יוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה: \n",
+ "הַיְבָמָה לֹא תַחֲלֹץ וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, עַד שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים. וְכֵן כָּל שְׁאָר הַנָּשִׁים לֹא יִתְאָרְסוּ וְלֹא יִנָּשְׂאוּ, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לָהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים. אֶחָד בְּתוּלוֹת וְאֶחָד בְּעוּלוֹת, אֶחָד גְּרוּשׁוֹת וְאֶחָד אַלְמָנוֹת, אֶחָד נְשׂוּאוֹת וְאֶחָד אֲרוּסוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַנְּשׂוּאוֹת יִתְאָרְסוּ, וְהָאֲרוּסוֹת יִנָּשְׂאוּ, חוּץ מִן הָאֲרוּסוֹת שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבּוֹ גַּס בָּהּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנָּשִׁים יִתְאָרְסוּ, חוּץ מִן הָאַלְמָנָה, מִפְּנֵי הָאִבּוּל: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין אַרְבַּע נָשִׁים, וָמֵתוּ, אִם רָצָה הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּהֶם לְיַבֵּם אֶת כֻּלָּן, הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ. מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, וָמֵת, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. הָיְתָה אַחַת כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאַחַת פְּסוּלָה, אִם הָיָה חוֹלֵץ, חוֹלֵץ לַפְּסוּלָה. וְאִם הָיָה מְיַבֵּם, מְיַבֵּם לַכְּשֵׁרָה: \n",
+ "הַמַּחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ, וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא חֲלוּצָתוֹ, וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ, יוֹצִיא, וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר. וּמוֹדִים בְּנוֹשֵׂא קְרוֹבַת גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ, שֶׁהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר: \n",
+ "אֵיזֶהוּ מַמְזֵר, כָּל שְׁאֵר בָּשָׂר שֶׁהוּא בְלֹא יָבֹא דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּימְנִי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. וַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלָיו מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מָצָאתִי מְגִלַּת יֻחֲסִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְכָתוּב בָּהּ, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מַמְזֵר מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, לְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. גֵּרְשָׁהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. יְבִמְתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. חָלַץ לָהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵין גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְלֹא מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, וְלֹא בְעִילָה אַחַר בְּעִילָה, וְלֹא חֲלִיצָה אַחַר חֲלִיצָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְיֵשׁ מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, אֲבָל לֹא אַחַר בְּעִילָה וְלֹא אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְּלוּם: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בִּיבִמְתּוֹ, וְנָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר וַחֲלִיצָה, צְרִיכָה הֵימֶנּוּ גֵט. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר וּבָעַל, הֲרֵי זוֹ כְמִצְוָתָהּ: \n",
+ "נָתַן גֵּט וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט, וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם. אַחַת יְבָמָה אַחַת לְיָבָם אֶחָד, וְאַחַת שְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת לְיָבָם אֶחָד: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וּמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּין וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וְגֵט בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וּבָעַל אֶת זוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת שְׁנֵי גִטִּין וַחֲלִיצָה. מַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה צְרִיכָה גֵט. גֵּט לָזוֹ וְגֵט לָזוֹ, צְרִיכוֹת הֵימֶנּוּ חֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וּבָעַל אֶת זוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וּמַאֲמָר בָּזוֹ, צְרִיכָה גֵט וַחֲלִיצָה. גֵּט לָזוֹ וְחָלַץ לָזוֹ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְּלוּם: \n",
+ "חָלַץ וְחָלַץ, אוֹ חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, בֵּין יָבָם אֶחָד לִשְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, בֵּין שְׁנֵי יְבָמִין לִיבָמָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, נָתַן גֵּט וּבָעַל, אוֹ בָעַל וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, וְנָתַן גֵּט וְחָלַץ, אֵין אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְלוּם, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף. וְהַבְּעִילָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בַתְּחִלָּה, אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם. בָּאֶמְצַע וּבַסּוֹף, יֵשׁ אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, אַחַת בְּעִילָה וְאַחַת חֲלִיצָה, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בָּאֶמְצַע, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ כְלוּם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, בֵּין בְּשׁוֹגֵג, בֵּין בְּמֵזִיד, בֵּין בְּאֹנֶס, בֵּין בְּרָצוֹן, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא שׁוֹגֵג וְהִיא מְזִידָה, הוּא מֵזִיד וְהִיא שׁוֹגֶגֶת, הוּא אָנוּס וְהִיא לֹא אֲנוּסָה, הִיא אֲנוּסָה וְהוּא לֹא אָנוּס, אֶחָד הַמְעָרֶה וְאֶחָד הַגּוֹמֵר, קָנָה, וְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה: \n",
+ "וְכֵן הַבָּא עַל אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, אוֹ פְסוּלוֹת, כְּגוֹן אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַמְזֵר וּלְנָתִין, פָּסַל. וְלֹא חָלַק בֵּין בִּיאָה לְבִיאָה: \n",
+ "אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מִן הָאֵרוּסִין לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין. נִתְאַרְמְלוּ אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשׁוּ, מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין פְּסוּלוֹת, מִן הָאֵרוּסִין כְּשֵׁרוֹת: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל לֹא יִשָּׂא אַלְמָנָה, בֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, בֵּין אַלְמָנָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, וְלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת הַבּוֹגֶרֶת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁירִין בְּבוֹגֶרֶת. לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת מֻכַּת עֵץ. אֵרֵס אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה, וְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, יִכְנֹס. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן גַּמְלָא שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת מָרְתָא בַת בַּיְתוֹס, וּמִנָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, וּכְנָסָהּ. שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלָה לִפְנֵי כֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, וְנִתְמַנָּה לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בָהּ מַאֲמָר, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִכְנֹס. כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת אָחִיו, חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט לֹא יִשָּׂא אַיְלוֹנִית, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֶשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים, לֹא יִשָּׂא אַיְלוֹנִית, שֶׁהִיא זוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַתּוֹרָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין זוֹנָה אֶלָּא גִיּוֹרֶת וּמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת וְשֶׁנִּבְעֲלָה בְעִילַת זְנוּת: \n",
+ "לֹא יִבָּטֵל אָדָם מִפְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֶשׁ לוֹ בָנִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (בראשית ה) זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בְּרָאָם. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה, וְשָׁהָה עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים, וְלֹא יָלְדָה, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לִבָּטֵל. גֵּרְשָׁהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לִנָּשֵׂא לְאַחֵר. וְרַשַּׁאי הַשֵּׁנִי לִשְׁהוֹת עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים. וְאִם הִפִּילָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהִפִּילָה. הָאִישׁ מְצֻוֶּה עַל פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, אֲבָל לֹא הָאִשָּׁה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, עַל שְׁנֵיהֶם הוּא אוֹמֵר (בראשית א), וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם אֱלֹהִים פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, הִכְנִיסָה לוֹ עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג וְעַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה, עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל יֹאכֵלוּ. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, אִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לָהּ, וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לָהּ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, אִם מֵתוּ, מֵתוּ לוֹ, וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ, הוֹתִירוּ לוֹ. הוֹאִיל וְהוּא חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן וְהִכְנִיסָה לוֹ עֲבָדִים, בֵּין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, בֵּין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. וּבַת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְהִכְנִיסָה לוֹ, בֵּין עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, בֵּין עַבְדֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, וּמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בַּתְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר, שֶׁהָעֻבָּר פּוֹסֵל וְאֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵאַחַר שֶׁהֵעַדְתָּ לָנוּ עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, אַף בַּת כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֵן, וּמֵת, וְהִנִּיחָהּ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ עֲבָדֶיהָ בַתְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר: \n",
+ "הָעֻבָּר, וְהַיָּבָם, וְהָאֵרוּסִין, וְהַחֵרֵשׁ, וּבֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, פּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִין. סָפֵק שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד סָפֵק שֶׁאֵינוֹ, סָפֵק הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת סָפֵק שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא, נָפַל הַבַּיִת עָלָיו וְעַל בַּת אָחִיו וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה מֵת רִאשׁוֹן, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "הָאוֹנֵס, וְהַמְפַתֶּה, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, לֹא פוֹסְלִים וְלֹא מַאֲכִילִים. וְאִם אֵינָם רְאוּיִין לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין. כֵּיצַד, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת כֹּהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נֶחְתַּךְ הָעֻבָּר בְּמֵעֶיהָ, תֹּאכַל. כֹּהֵן שֶׁבָּא עַל בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עִבְּרָה, לֹא תֹאכַל. יָלְדָה, תֹּאכַל. נִמְצָא כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁל אָב. הָעֶבֶד פּוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם בִּיאָה, וְאֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל מִשּׁוּם זָרַע. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן וְנִכְבַּשׁ עַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה עֶבֶד. הָיְתָה אֵם אָבִיו בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מַמְזֵר פּוֹסֵל וּמַאֲכִיל. כֵּיצַד, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בַת, וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִשֵּׂאת לְעֶבֶד, אוֹ לְגוֹי, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה מַמְזֵר. הָיְתָה אֵם אִמּוֹ בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל. כֵּיצַד, בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בַת, וְהָלְכָה הַבַּת וְנִסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, וְיָלְדָה הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, הֲרֵי זֶה רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עוֹמֵד וּמְשַׁמֵּשׁ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, מַאֲכִיל אֶת אִמּוֹ וּפוֹסֵל אֶת אֵם אִמּוֹ, וְזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת, לֹא כִבְנִי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, שֶׁהוּא פּוֹסְלֵנִי מִן הַתְּרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֶעָרֵל וְכָל הַטְּמֵאִים, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. נְשֵׁיהֶן וְעַבְדֵּיהֶן, יֹאכְלוּ בַתְּרוּמָה. פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, הֵן וְעַבְדֵיהֶן יֹאכְלוּ, וּנְשֵׁיהֶן לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ. וְאִם לֹא יְדָעָהּ מִשֶּׁנַּעֲשָׂה פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֹאכֵלוּ: \n",
+ "אֵיזֶהוּ פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא, כֹּל שֶׁנִּפְצְעוּ הַבֵּיצִים שֶׁלּוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ אַחַת מֵהֶן. וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, כֹּל שֶׁנִּכְרַת הַגִּיד. וְאִם נִשְׁתַּיֵּר מֵהָעֲטָרָה אֲפִלּוּ כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה, כָּשֵׁר. פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה, מֻתָּרִין בְּגִיּוֹרֶת וּמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא מִלָּבֹא בַקָּהָל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כג), לֹא יָבֹא פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה בִּקְהַל ה': \n",
+ "עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי, אֲסוּרִים, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֲבָל נְקֵבוֹתֵיהֶם מֻתָּרוֹת מִיָּד. מִצְרִי וַאֲדוֹמִי אֵינָם אֲסוּרִים אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, אֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, קַל וָחֹמֶר הַדְּבָרִים, וּמָה אִם בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, הִתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד, מְקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא אָסַר אֶת הַזְּכָרִים אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה דוֹרוֹת, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁנַּתִּיר אֶת הַנְּקֵבוֹת מִיָּד. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִם הֲלָכָה נְקַבֵּל, וְאִם לַדִּין, יֵשׁ תְּשׁוּבָה. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא כִי, הֲלָכָה אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. מַמְזֵרִין וּנְתִינִין, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר עוֹלָם, אֶחָד זְכָרִים, וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁהַסָּרִיס חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, וְהַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאֵין לִי לְפָרֵשׁ. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ. סְרִיס אָדָם חוֹלֵץ וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיְתָה לוֹ שְׁעַת הַכֹּשֶׁר. סְרִיס חַמָּה לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה לוֹ שְׁעַת הַכֹּשֶׁר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא סְרִיס חַמָּה חוֹלֵץ, וְחוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רְפוּאָה. סְרִיס אָדָם לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ רְפוּאָה. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל בֶּן מְגוּסַת שֶׁהָיָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם סְרִיס אָדָם, וְיִבְּמוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, לְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: \n",
+ "הַסָּרִיס לֹא חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. וְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית לֹא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. הַסָּרִיס שֶׁחָלַץ לִיבִמְתּוֹ, לֹא פְסָלָהּ. בְּעָלָהּ, פְּסָלָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא בְעִילַת זְנוּת. וְכֵן אַיְלוֹנִית שֶׁחָלְצוּ לָהּ אַחִין, לֹא פְסָלוּהָ. בְּעָלוּהָ, פְּסָלוּהָ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבְּעִילָתָהּ בְּעִילַת זְנוּת: \n",
+ "סְרִיס חַמָּה כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ בַּתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס כֹּהֵן שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ בַּתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, טֻמְטוּם שֶׁנִּקְרַע וְנִמְצָא זָכָר, לֹא יַחֲלֹץ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְסָרִיס. אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס נוֹשֵׂא, אֲבָל לֹא נִשָּׂא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס חַיָּבִים עָלָיו סְקִילָה, כְּזָכָר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "יֵשׁ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן, מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן, מֻתָּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ, וַאֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. וְאֵלוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן, כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט שֶׁנָּשָׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, חָלָל שֶׁנָּשָׂא כְשֵׁרָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כָּשֵׁר, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן. כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח חָלָל, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מֻתָּרוֹת לִיְבָמֵיהֶן וַאֲסוּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן. אֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ, כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנָּשָׂא אֶת הָאַלְמָנָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אוֹ כֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֲלָלָה וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח כָּשֵׁר, יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּשָׂא מַמְזֶרֶת וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַמְזֵר שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיֶשׁ לוֹ אָח מַמְזֵר, אֲסוּרוֹת לָאֵלּוּ וְלָאֵלּוּ. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים, מֻתָּרוֹת לְבַעֲלֵיהֶן וְלִיְבָמֵיהֶן: \n",
+ "שְׁנִיּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, שְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם, אֲסוּרָה לַבַּעַל וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. שְׁנִיָּה לַיָּבָם וְלֹא שְׁנִיָּה לַבַּעַל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם וּמֻתֶּרֶת לַבָּעַל. שְׁנִיָּה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה, אֲסוּרָה לָזֶה וְלָזֶה. אֵין לָהּ לֹא כְתֻבָּה, וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, וְהַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר, וְכוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא. אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, יֵשׁ לָהֶן כְּתֻבָּה: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְכֹהֵן, וְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְאֹרֶסֶת לְלֵוִי, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִלֵּוִי, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְלֵוִי, וְכֵן בַּת לֵוִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. בַּת לֵוִי מְאֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, מְעֻבֶּרֶת מִכֹּהֵן, שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם לְכֹהֵן, וְכֵן בַּת כֹּהֵן לְלֵוִי, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר: \n",
+ "בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּסֵּת לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נִסֵּת לְלֵוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. נִסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל לֹא בַתְּרוּמָה וְלֹא בַמַּעֲשֵׂר: \n",
+ "בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. נִשֵּׂאת לְלֵוִי, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. נִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת, וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, חוֹזֶרֶת לְבֵית אָבִיהָ. וְעַל זוֹ נֶאֱמַר (ויקרא כב), וְשָׁבָה אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ מִלֶּחֶם אָבִיהָ תֹּאכֵל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִסֵּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, וּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְאֵין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת, לֹא עַל זֶה וְלֹא עַל זֶה. אִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה, תַּחֲזִיר. וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה מִטַּמְּאִין לָהּ, וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה זַכָּאִין לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וְלֹא בַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִפְסְלָה מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבַת לֵוִי מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וּבַת כֹּהֵן מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵין יוֹרְשִׁים שֶׁל זֶה וְיוֹרְשִׁים שֶׁל זֶה יוֹרְשִׁים אֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְאִם מֵתוּ, אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הָרִאשׁוֹן זַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ מֵאָחִיו שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ, וְאֵין הַוָּלָד מִמֶּנּוּ מַמְזֵר. וְאִם נִסֵּת שֶׁלֹּא בִרְשׁוּת, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "נִסֵּת עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, תֵּצֵא, וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. לֹא נִסֵּת עַל פִּי בֵית דִּין, תֵּצֵא, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן. יָפֶה כֹּחַ בֵּית דִּין, שֶׁפּוֹטְרָהּ מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. הוֹרוּהָ בֵית דִּין לִנָּשֵׂא, וְהָלְכָה וְקִלְקְלָה, חַיֶּבֶת בַּקָּרְבָּן, שֶׁלֹּא הִתִּירוּהָ אֶלָּא לִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעֲלָהּ וּבְנָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנֵךְ, וְנִשֵּׂאת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בְּנֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִתְיַבְּמָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, חִלּוּף הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִסֵּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לָהּ, קַיָּם הָיָה וּמֵת, תֵּצֵא, וְהַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מַמְזֵר. אָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, וְנִתְקַדְּשָׁה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעְלָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ אַחֲרוֹן גֵּט, לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. אֶת זוֹ דָרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן מַתְיָא, וְאִשָּׁה גְּרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָׁהּ (ויקרא כא), וְלֹא מֵאִישׁ שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישָׁהּ: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָלְכָה אִשְׁתּוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּאת אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹת שְׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו. וְאִם מֵתָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמְרוּ לוֹ, קַיֶּמֶת הָיְתָה, וּמֵתָה, הַוָּלָד רִאשׁוֹן מַמְזֵר, וְהָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מַמְזֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁפּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין פּוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, אֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ: \n",
+ "אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵתָה אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאָבִיהָ, מֵתָה, וְנָשָׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ מֵאִמָּהּ, וְנִמְצְאוּ כֻלָּן קַיָּמוֹת, מֻתָּר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. וְאִם בָּא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, מֻתָּר בַּשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְבִיעִית, וּפוֹטְרוֹת צָרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְאָסוּר בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית וּבַחֲמִישִׁית, וְאֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, הוּא פוֹסֵל עַל יְדֵי אַחִין, וְהָאַחִים פּוֹסְלִין עַל יָדוֹ, אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא פוֹסֵל תְּחִלָּה, וְהָאַחִין פּוֹסְלִין תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף. כֵּיצַד, בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, פָּסַל עַל יְדֵי אַחִין. בָּאוּ עָלֶיהָ אַחִין, וְעָשׂוּ בָהּ מַאֲמָר, נָתְנוּ גֵט אוֹ חָלְצוּ, פָּסְלוּ עַל יָדוֹ: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עָלֶיהָ אָחִיו שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, פָּסַל עַל יָדוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא פָסַל: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עַל צָרָתָהּ, פָּסַל עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא פָסָל. בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וּמֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וּמֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ פְטוּרָה: \n",
+ "בֶּן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבִמְתּוֹ, וּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת וּמֵת, אִם לֹא יָדַע אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מִשֶּׁהִגְדִּיל, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְיַבֵּם לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וְחוֹלֵץ לַשְּׁנִיָּה. אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶן תֵּשַׁע שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֶחָד שֶׁהוּא בֶן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נוֹשְׂאִין עַל הָאֲנוּסָה וְעַל הַמְפֻתָּה. הָאוֹנֵס וְהַמְפַתֶּה עַל הַנְּשׂוּאָה, חַיָּב. נוֹשֵׂא אָדָם אֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו, אֲנוּסַת בְּנוֹ וּמְפֻתַּת בְּנוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בַּאֲנוּסַת אָבִיו וּמְפֻתַּת אָבִיו: \n",
+ "הַגִּיּוֹרֶת שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ, לֹא חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, אֲפִלּוּ הוֹרָתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא בִקְדֻשָּׁה וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה, וְהַשֵּׁנִי הוֹרָתוֹ וְלֵדָתוֹ בִקְדֻשָּׁה. וְכֵן שִׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ: \n",
+ "חָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ וַלְדוֹתֵיהֶן, הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים וּמֵתוּ, אַרְבָּעָה חוֹלְצִין לְאַחַת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם אוֹתָהּ. הוּא וּשְׁלשָׁה חוֹלְצִים לְאַחֶרֶת, וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם. נִמְצְאוּ אַרְבַּע חֲלִיצוֹת וְיִבּוּם לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב וְלָדָהּ בִּוְלַד כַּלָּתָהּ, הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת, וְנָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים, וּמֵתוּ, בְּנֵי הַכַּלָּה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו. וּבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה, אוֹ חוֹלְצִין אוֹ מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן אָחִיו. מֵתוּ הַכְּשֵׁרִים, בְּנֵי הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת לִבְנֵי הַזְּקֵנָה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין, שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וּבְנֵי הַכַּלָּה, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "כֹּהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב וְלָדָּהּ בִּוְלַד שִׁפְחָתָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אוֹכְלִים בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְחוֹלְקִים חֵלֶק אֶחָד בַּגֹּרֶן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לְמֵתִים, וְאֵין נוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים, בֵּין כְּשֵׁרוֹת בֵּין פְּסוּלוֹת. הִגְדִּילוּ הַתַּעֲרֹבוֹת, וְשִׁחְרְרוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה, נוֹשְׂאִין נָשִׁים רְאוּיוֹת לַכְּהֻנָּה, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לְמֵתִים. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ, אֵינָן סוֹפְגִין אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. וְאֵינָן אוֹכְלִים בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְאִם אָכְלוּ, אֵינָן מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וָחֹמֶשׁ. וְאֵינָן חוֹלְקִין עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וּמוֹכְרִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. וְאֵינָן חוֹלְקִים בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם קָדָשִׁים, וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין שֶׁלָּהֶם מִיָּדָם, וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַזְּרֹעַ וּמִן הַלְּחָיַיִם וּמִן הַקֵּבָה, וּבְכוֹרוֹ יְהֵא רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב, וְנוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים וְחֻמְרֵי יִשְׂרְאֵלִים: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהֲתָה אַחַר בַּעְלָה שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים וְנִשֵּׂאת, וְיָלְדָה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה לָרִאשׁוֹן אִם בֶּן שִׁבְעָה לָאַחֲרוֹן. הָיוּ לָהּ בָּנִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וּבָנִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי, חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַבְּמִין. וְכֵן הוּא לָהֶם, חוֹלֵץ וְלֹא מְיַבֵּם. הָיוּ לוֹ אַחִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן וְאַחִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁלֹּא מֵאוֹתָהּ הָאֵם, הוּא חוֹלֵץ וּמְיַבֵּם, וְהֵם, אֶחָד חוֹלֵץ וְאֶחָד מְיַבֵּם: \n",
+ "הָיָה אֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן, נוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה רְאוּיָה לְכֹהֵן, וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים, וְאִם נִטְמָא, אֵינוֹ סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם אָכַל, אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וָחֹמֶשׁ. וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וּמוֹכֵר הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלּוֹ. וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לוֹ אֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים, וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ מִיָּדוֹ. וּפָטוּר מִן הַזְּרֹעַ וְהַלְּחָיַיִם וְהַקֵּבָה. וּבְכוֹרוֹ יְהֵא רוֹעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב. וְנוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי כֹהֲנִים וְחֻמְרֵי יִשְׂרְאֵלִים. הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כֹּהֲנִים, הוּא אוֹנֵן עֲלֵיהֶם, וְהֵם אוֹנְנִים עָלָיו. הוּא אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא לָהֶם, וְהֵם אֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין לוֹ. הוּא אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָן, אֲבָל הֵם יוֹרְשִׁין אוֹתוֹ. וּפָטוּר עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה וְשֶׁל זֶה, וְעוֹלֶה בְמִשְׁמָרוֹ שֶׁל זֶה וְשֶׁל זֶה, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק. אִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּמִשְׁמָר אֶחָד, נוֹטֵל חֵלֶק אֶחָד: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "מִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דַיָּנִין, וַאֲפִלּוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן הֶדְיוֹטוֹת. חָלְצָה בְמִנְעָל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. בְּאַנְפִּילִין, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. בְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ עָקֵב, כָּשֵׁר. וְשֶׁאֵין לוֹ עָקֵב, פָּסוּל. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַטָּה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, אוֹ בְסַנְדָּל שֶׁל עֵץ, אוֹ בְשֶׁל שְׂמֹאל בַּיָּמִין, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. חָלְצָה בְגָדוֹל שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַהֲלוֹךְ בּוֹ, אוֹ בְקָטָן שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֶה אֶת רֹב רַגְלוֹ, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. חָלְצָה בַלַּיְלָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹסֵל. בַּשְּׂמֹאל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא קָרְאָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. קָרְאָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא חָלְצָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. חָלְצָה וְקָרְאָה, אֲבָל לֹא רָקְקָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה (דברים כה), כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה, מְעַכֵּב. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִשָּׁם רְאָיָה, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה בָאִישׁ: \n",
+ "הַחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַץ וְהַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁחָלְצָה, וְהַחוֹלֶצֶת לַקָּטָן, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. קְטַנָּה שֶׁחָלְצָה, תַּחֲלֹץ מִשֶּׁתַּגְדִּיל. וְאִם לֹא חָלְצָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "חָלְצָה בִשְׁנַיִם, אוֹ בִשְׁלֹשָׁה, וְנִמְצָא אֶחָד מֵהֶן קָרוֹב אוֹ פָסוּל, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר מַכְשִׁירִין. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁחָלַץ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְהִכְשִׁיר: \n",
+ "מִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה. בָּא הוּא וִיבִמְתּוֹ לְבֵית דִּין, וְהֵן מַשִּׂיאִין לוֹ עֵצָה הַהוֹגֶנֶת לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (דברים כה) וְקָרְאוּ לוֹ זִקְנֵי עִירוֹ וְדִבְּרוּ אֵלָיו. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת, מֵאֵן יְבָמִי לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא אָבָה יַבְּמִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, לֹא חָפַצְתִּי לְקַחְתָּהּ. וּבִלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים. וְנִגְּשָׁה יְבִמְתּוֹ אֵלָיו לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנִים וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו, רֹק הַנִּרְאֶה לַדַּיָּנִים. וְעָנְתָה וְאָמְרָה כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִבְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָחִיו, עַד כָּאן הָיוּ מַקְרִין. וּכְשֶׁהִקְרָא רַבִּי הֻרְקְנוֹס תַּחַת הָאֵלָה בִּכְפַר עֵיטָם וְגָמַר אֶת כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה, הֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת גּוֹמְרִין כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל. מִצְוָה בַדַּיָּנִין, וְלֹא מִצְוָה בַתַּלְמִידִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִצְוָה עַל כָּל הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם לוֹמַר, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְמָאֲנִין אֶלָּא אֲרוּסוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲרוּסוֹת וּנְשׂוּאוֹת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וְלֹא בַיָּבָם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וּבַיָּבָם. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא בְפָנָיו. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְבֵית דִּין. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, מְמָאֶנֶת וְהִיא קְטַנָּה, אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אֵין בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶפְקֵר, אֶלָּא מְמָאֶנֶת וּמַמְתֶּנֶת עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וּתְמָאֵן וְתִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אֵיזוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לְמָאֵן, כֹּל שֶׁהִשִּׂיאוּהָ אִמָּהּ וְאַחֶיהָ לְדַעְתָּהּ. הִשִּׂיאוּהָ שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתָּהּ, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, כָּל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַעֲשֵׂה קְטַנָּה כְלוּם, אֶלָּא כִמְפֻתָּה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה. בַּת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, כָּל עַכָּבָה שֶׁהִיא מִן הָאִישׁ, כְּאִלּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְכָל עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ מִן הָאִישׁ, כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָהּ אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ, הוּא מֻתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת בִּקְרוֹבָיו, וְלֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט, הוּא אָסוּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו, וּפְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה. נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. מֵאֲנָה בוֹ וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, נָתַן לָהּ גֵּט וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, גֵּט אַחַר מֵאוּן, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. מֵאוּן אַחַר גֵּט, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְמָאֶנֶת בָּאִישׁ וְנִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, לְאַחֵר וּמֵאֲנָה בוֹ, לְאַחֵר וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, לְאַחֵר וּמֵאֲנָה בוֹ, כֹּל שֶׁיָּצָאת הֵימֶנּוּ בְגֵט, אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזֹר לוֹ. בְּמֵאוּן, מֻתֶּרֶת לַחֲזֹר לוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, כִּיתוֹמָה בְחַיֵּי הָאָב. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם: \n",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת גְדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל קְטַנָּה, תֵּצֵא הַקְּטַנָּה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְלַמְּדִין אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם מֵאֲנָה, מֵאֲנָה. וְאִם לָאו, תַּמְתִּין עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וְתֵצֵא הַלָּזוּ מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, בִּיאָתָהּ אוֹ חֲלִיצָתָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. קְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, אֵין בִּיאַת אַחַת מֵהֶן פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. פִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בִּיאַת הַפִּקַּחַת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, וְאֵין בִּיאַת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת פּוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, בִּיאַת הַגְּדוֹלָה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה, וְאֵין בִּיאַת הַקְּטַנָּה פוֹטֶרֶת אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי לִשְׁתֵּי יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת. קְטַנָּה וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, פָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת: \n",
+ "פִּקַּחַת וְחֵרֶשֶׁת, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַפִּקַּחַת. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַפִּקַּחַת, פָּסַל אֶת הַחֵרֶשֶׁת: \n",
+ "גְּדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, בָּא יָבָם עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, לֹא פָסַל אֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. בָּא יָבָם עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְחָזַר וּבָא עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, אוֹ שֶׁבָּא אָחִיו עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, פָּסַל אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, מְלַמְּדִין הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ: \n",
+ "יָבָם קָטָן שֶׁבָּא עַל יְבָמָה קְטַנָּה, יִגְדְּלוּ זֶה עִם זֶה. בָּא עַל יְבָמָה גְדוֹלָה, תְּגַדְּלֶנּוּ. הַיְבָמָה שֶׁאָמְרָה בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, לֹא נִבְעָלְתִּי, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, מְבַקְשִׁים הֵימֶנּוּ שְׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֶה, אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹדֶרֶת הֲנָאָה מִיְבָמָהּ בְּחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. לְאַחַר מִיתַת בַּעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁין הֵימֶנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ. וְאִם נִתְכַּוְּנָה לְכָךְ, אֲפִלּוּ בְחַיֵּי בַעְלָהּ, מְבַקְשִׁין הֵימֶנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲלֹץ לָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת, וּפִקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת, אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵּם. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא כוֹנֵס בִּרְמִיזָה, כָּךְ הוּא מוֹצִיא בִרְמִיזָה. פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִקַּחַת, וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה, אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא, וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵּם. נִשְׁתַּטֵּית, לֹא יוֹצִיא. נִתְחָרֵשׁ הוּא אוֹ נִשְׁתַּטָּה, אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא עוֹלָמִית. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, מִפְּנֵי מָה הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְחָרְשָׁה יוֹצְאָה, וְהָאִישׁ שֶׁנִּתְחָרֵשׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵינוֹ דוֹמֶה הָאִישׁ הַמְגָרֵשׁ לְאִשָּׁה מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת, שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה לִרְצוֹנָהּ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִרְצוֹנָהּ, וְהָאִישׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא אֶלָּא לִרְצוֹנוֹ: ",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף זוֹ כַיּוֹצֵא בָהּ: ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁים, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת, אוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, אוֹ לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, אוֹ שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת חֵרְשׁוֹת נְשׂוּאוֹת לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים, אוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִים חֵרְשִׁין אוֹ לִשְׁנֵי אַחִין, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרוֹת מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם. וְאִם הָיוּ נָכְרִיּוֹת, יִכְנֹסוּ, וְאִם רָצוּ לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיאוּ: ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מוֹצִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מוֹצִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו אֲסוּרָה לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת פִּקְחוֹת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים פִּקְחִים נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת, אַחַת פִּקַּחַת וְאַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת, מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס. וְאִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, אוֹ חוֹלֵץ אוֹ מְיַבֵּם. ",
+ "שְׁנֵי אַחִים, אֶחָד חֵרֵשׁ וְאֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ, נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי נָכְרִיּוֹת, אַחַת חֵרֶשֶׁת וְאַחַת פִּקַּחַת, מֵת חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה פִקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, כּוֹנֵס. וְאִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, יוֹצִיא. מֵת פִּקֵּחַ בַּעַל פִּקַּחַת, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת, כּוֹנֵס, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא לְעוֹלָם: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, שָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, וּבָאתָה וְאָמְרָה, מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּתְיַבֵּם. שָׁלוֹם בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וּמִלְחָמָה בָעוֹלָם, קְטָטָה בֵינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ וְשָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, וּבָאתָה וְאָמְרָה, מֵת בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן בָּאתָה בוֹכָה וּבְגָדֶיהָ קְרוּעִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַחַת זוֹ וְאַחַת זוֹ, תִּנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, וּבְאוֹתָהּ מְדִינָה, וּכְמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַבָּצִיר, וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינָה לִמְדִינָה. לֹא דִבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, הִתַּרְתֶּם עֶרְוָה חֲמוּרָה, לֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת מָמוֹן הַקַּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל, מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִים לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמֹד, שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, שֶׁאִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, תִּטְּלִי מַה שֶׁכָּתוּב לִיכִי. וְחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים לַהֲעִידָהּ, חוּץ מֵחֲמוֹתָהּ, וּבַת חֲמוֹתָהּ, וְצָרָתָהּ, וִיבִמְתָּהּ, וּבַת בַּעְלָהּ. מַה בֵּין גֵּט לְמִיתָה, שֶׁהַכְּתָב מוֹכִיחַ. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת, וְנִשֵּׂאת, וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָמַר לֹא מֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תֵצֵא. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים לֹא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת, תֵּצֵא. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים מֵת, וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִשֵּׂאת, תִּנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת, זוֹ שֶׁאוֹמֶרֶת מֵת תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וְזוֹ שֶׁאוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת נֶהֱרָג, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וּמַכְחִישׁוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יִנָּשֵׂאוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, הוֹאִיל וְזוֹ וָזוֹ מוֹדוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ קַיָּם, יִנָּשֵׂאוּ. עֵד אוֹמֵר מֵת וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא מֵת, אִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא מֵת, הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאָה וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וְצָרָתָהּ אֲסוּרָה. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּה מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לִנָּשֵׂא, וַאֲסוּרָה מִלֶּאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה: \n",
+ "אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת חָמִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וַחֲמוֹתָהּ אֲסוּרָה. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, תֹּאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתָּה מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לִנָּשֵׂא, וַאֲסוּרָה לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה. קִדֵּשׁ אַחַת מֵחָמֵשׁ נָשִׁים וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ קִדֵּשׁ, כָּל אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת אוֹתִי קִדֵּשׁ, נוֹתֵן גֵּט לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת, וּמַנִּיחַ כְּתֻבָּה בֵּינֵיהֶן וּמִסְתַּלֵּק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן גֵּט וּכְתֻבָּה לְכָל אַחַת וְאֶחָת. גָּזַל אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְאֵין יוֹדֵעַ מֵאֵיזֶה גָזַל, כָּל אֶחָד אוֹמֵר אוֹתִי גָזַל, מַנִּיחַ גְּזֵלָה בֵּינֵיהֶן וּמִסְתַּלֵּק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין זוֹ דֶרֶךְ מוֹצִיאַתּוּ מִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם גְּזֵלָה לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבְנָהּ עִמָּהֶם, וּבָאָה וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. מֵת בְּנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, וְחוֹשְׁשִׁים לִדְבָרֶיהָ, וְחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "נִתַּן לִי בֵן בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמְרָה מֵת בְּנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בַּעְלִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת בְּנִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת, וְחוֹשְׁשִׁים לִדְבָרֶיהָ, וְחוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת: \n",
+ "נִתַּן לִי יָבָם בִּמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי, יְבָמִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. הָלְכָה הִיא וּבַעְלָהּ וִיבָמָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, אָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת יְבָמִי, יְבָמִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּעְלִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר מֵת יְבָמִי, שֶׁתִּנָּשֵׂא. וְלֹא, מֵתָה אֲחוֹתִי, שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ. וְאֵין הָאִישׁ נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר מֵת אָחִי, שֶׁיְּיַבֵּם אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְלֹא, מֵתָה אִשְׁתִּי, שֶׁיִּשָּׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, עַד שֶׁתֵּדַע שֶׁמָּא מְעֻבֶּרֶת הִיא צָרָתָהּ. הָיְתָה לָהּ חָמוֹת, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. יָצְתָה מְלֵאָה חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי יְבָמוֹת, זוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת בַּעְלִי וְזוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת מֵת בַּעְלִי, זוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ וְזוֹ אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי בַעְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ. לָזוֹ עֵדִים וְלָזוֹ אֵין עֵדִים, אֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ עֵדִים, אֲסוּרָה. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עֵדִים, מֻתֶּרֶת. לָזוֹ בָנִים וְלָזוֹ אֵין בָּנִים, אֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ בָּנִים, מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לָהּ בָּנִים, אֲסוּרָה. נִתְיַבְּמוּ וּמֵתוּ הַיְבָמִין, אֲסוּרוֹת לְהִנָּשֵׂא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וְהֻתְּרוּ לַיְבָמִין, הֻתְּרוּ לְכָל אָדָם: \n",
+ "אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַל פַּרְצוּף פָּנִים עִם הַחֹטֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ סִימָנִין בְּגוּפוֹ וּבְכֵלָיו. אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ רָאוּהוּ מְגֻיָּד, וְצָלוּב, וְהַחַיָּה אוֹכֶלֶת בּוֹ. אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הָאָדָם וְלֹא כָל הַמָּקוֹם וְלֹא כָל הַשָּׁעוֹת שָׁוִין: \n",
+ "נָפַל לְמַיִם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן סוֹף, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן סוֹף, אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲסוּרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר הַגָּדוֹל, וְעָלָה לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בְסוּמָא שֶׁיָּרַד לִטְבֹּל בִּמְעָרָה, וְיָרַד מוֹשְׁכוֹ אַחֲרָיו, וְשָׁהוּ כְדֵי שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשָׁם, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם. וְשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְעַסְיָא בְּאֶחָד שֶׁשִּׁלְשְׁלוּהוּ לַיָּם, וְלֹא עָלָה בְיָדָם אֶלָּא רַגְלוֹ, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מִן הָאַרְכֻּבָּה וּלְמַטָּה, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא: \n",
+ "אֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַנָּשִׁים אוֹמְרוֹת, מֵת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, דַּיּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ שָׁמַע מִן הַתִּינוֹקוֹת אוֹמְרִים, הֲרֵי אָנוּ הוֹלְכִין לִסְפֹּד וְלִקְבֹר אֶת אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא מִתְכַּוֵּן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְכַּוֵּן. וּבְגוֹי, אִם הָיָה מִתְכַּוֵּן, אֵין עֵדוּתוֹ עֵדוּת: \n",
+ "מְעִידִין לְאוֹר הַנֵּר וּלְאוֹר הַלְּבָנָה, וּמַשִּׂיאִין עַל פִּי בַת קוֹל. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁעָמַד עַל רֹאשׁ הָהָר וְאָמַר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶן פְּלוֹנִי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי מֵת, הָלְכוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ שָׁם אָדָם, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַלְמוֹן בְּאֶחָד שֶׁאָמַר, אֲנִי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי, נְשָׁכַנִי נָחָשׁ, וַהֲרֵי אֲנִי מֵת, וְהָלְכוּ וְלֹא הִכִּירוּהוּ, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כְּשֶׁיָּרַדְתִּי לִנְהַרְדְּעָא לְעַבֵּר הַשָּׁנָה, מָצָאתִי נְחֶמְיָה אִישׁ בֵּית דְּלִי, אָמַר לִי, שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁאֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, אֶלָּא רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. וְנוּמֵתִי לוֹ, כֵּן הַדְּבָרִים. אָמַר לִי, אֱמֹר לָהֶם מִשְּׁמִי, אַתֶּם יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהַמְּדִינָה מְשֻׁבֶּשֶׁת בִּגְיָסוֹת, מְקֻבְּלָנִי מֵרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. וּכְשֶׁבָּאתִי וְהִרְצֵיתִי הַדְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, שָׂמַח לִדְבָרַי, וְאָמַר, מָצָאנוּ חָבֵר לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא. מִתּוֹךְ הַדְּבָרִים נִזְכַּר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, שֶׁנֶּהֶרְגוּ הֲרוּגִים בְּתֵל אַרְזָא, וְהִשִּׂיא רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, וְהֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַשִּׂיאִין עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. וְהֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת מַשִּׂיאִין עֵד מִפִּי עֵד, מִפִּי עֶבֶד, מִפִּי אִשָּׁה, מִפִּי שִׁפְחָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא עַל פִּי אִשָּׁה, וְלֹא עַל פִּי עֶבֶד וְלֹא עַל פִּי שִׁפְחָה, וְלֹא עַל פִּי קְרוֹבִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בִבְנֵי לֵוִי שֶׁהָלְכוּ לְצֹעַר עִיר הַתְּמָרִים, וְחָלָה אַחַד מֵהֶם בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וֶהֱבִיאוּהוּ בְפֻנְדָּק, וּבַחֲזָרָתָם אָמְרוּ לַפֻּנְדָּקִית אַיֵּה חֲבֵרֵנוּ, אָמְרָה לָהֶם מֵת וּקְבַרְתִּיו, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וְלֹא תְהֵא כֹהֶנֶת כַּפֻּנְדָּקִית. אָמַר לָהֶם, לִכְשֶׁתְּהֵא פֻּנְדָּקִית נֶאֱמֶנֶת. הַפֻּנְדָּקִית הוֹצִיאָה לָהֶם מַקְלוֹ וְתַרְמִילוֹ וְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה שֶׁהָיָה בְיָדוֹ: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה יבמות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nashim"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file