diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8158aa34fa4599d0e4df623e6488443aa91c0ed
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Le Talmud de J\303\251rusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "actualLanguage": "fr",
+ "languageFamilyName": "french",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Trois jours avant les grandes fêtes des païens, il faut éviter d’avoir des relations commerciales avec eux, de leur prêter des objets ou d’en emprunter, de leur faire un prêt ou un emprunt d’argent, de leur livrer ou de recevoir d’eux un paiement. R. Juda dit: Il est permis de se faire payer d’eux, parce que c’est un ennui pour eux (et n’est pas une participation à la fête). Les autres docteurs lui répliquèrent: s’il est vrai qu’une telle réclamation est un ennui momentané, elle donne plus tard de la joie (et c’est interdit).",
+ "R. Ismaël dit: l’interdit a lieu aussi bien trois jours avant les fêtes que trois jours après; selon les autres docteurs, c’est seulement interdit avant, non après.",
+ "Les jours considérés comme fêtes des païens sont les suivants: les calendes, les saturnales, l’anniversaire de l’arrivée au pouvoir crato\", le jour d’installation du souverain, genesi\", l’anniversaire de naissance ou de décès. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs disent: seule, la mort accompagnée d’une combustion (incinération?) constitue un acte idolâtre; sans elle, ce n’est pas de l’idolâtrie. Le jour où le païen se coupe la barbe ou les cheveux, ou le jour de son arrivée par mer, ou le jour de sa délivrance de la prison, ou le jour auquel il fait à son fils le repas nuptial, c’est là le jour interdit, bien entendu à l’égard de cet homme seul.",
+ "Si une idole se trouve dans une ville, il est permis (aux jours de fête) d’avoir des relations avec les païens hors de la ville; si au contraire l’idole est au dehors, les relations sont permises à l’intérieur. Est-il permis d’y aller en un tel jour? Si la route mène uniquement à cet endroit, c’est défendu; mais si par la route on peut encore aller ailleurs, il est permis d’y passer. S’il y a une fête d’idole dans une ville, dont les boutiques sont les unes ornées de couronnes et d’autres ne le sont pas, cas qui est survenu à Bet-Shean (Scythopolis), les docteurs disent que dans les boutiques ornées on ne devra pas aller; mais il est permis d’aller dans celles qui ne le sont pas.",
+ "Il est défendu de vendre aux païens des pommes de pin, ou des figues hâtives avec leurs tiges, ou de l’encens, ou un coq blanc. R. Juda dit: on peut lui vendre un tel coq parmi d’autres; lorsqu’on veut le lui vendre seul, on lui coupe un ergot avant de le vendre, de façon à éviter toute participation à l’idolâtrie pour laquelle on n’offre pas d’animal défectueux. Il est permis de vendre tous autres objets qui ne sont pas désignés (pour l’idolâtrie); mais s’ils sont désignés pour un culte d’idole, c’est défendu. R. Meir défend aussi de vendre aux païens de bons fruits de palmiers, dactulo\", les dattes sauvages et les glands, Nicolai.",
+ "Dans les localités où il est d’usage de vendre du menu bétail aux païens, on peut aussi le faire en ces jours; mais où ce n’est pas l’usage, il faut s’en abstenir. Nulle part on ne doit leur vendre du gros bétail, ni des veaux, ni même des ânons, entiers ou non (aux pieds rompus). R. Juda permet de vendre ces derniers, et Ben Bethera permet de leur vendre des chevaux.-",
+ "On ne devra leur vendre ni ours, ni lions, ni aucun animal pouvant causer un dommage public. On ne les aidera pas à ériger une basilique, basilich, ni des hippodromes stadia, ni des tribunes de luttes, bhma; mais on peut leur construire des monuments et des salles de bain; seulement, arrivant à la voûte où il s’agira de placer l’idole, on cessera de coopérer.",
+ "Il ne faut pas faire d’ornements aux idoles, ni collier, ni boucle, ni bague. Il ne faut pas (pour les temples des idoles) leur céder des immeubles, mais des objets détachés. R. Juda permet de leur vendre des objets encore adhérents au sol, à condition que ces objets seront détachés plus tard. Il ne faut pas louer aux païens des maisons en Palestine, encore moins des champs. En Syrie, on peut leur louer des maisons, non des terrains. Enfin, en dehors de la Palestine, on peut leur vendre des maisons et louer les champs, selon R. Meir. R. Yossé dit qu’en dehors de la Palestine, on peut leur vendre des maisons et des champs; en Palestine même, on leur loue des maisons, non des champs, et en Syrie on peut même leur vendre des maisons et louer des champs.",
+ "Cependant, même lorsqu’on a permis de louer aux païens une construction, cette faculté ne s’étend pas aux demeures, car le païen y apporterait son idole, comme il est dit (Dt 10, 22) tu n’apporteras pas d’abomination dans ta demeure. Nulle, part on ne devra lui louer une maison de bains, car elle porterait le nom du propriétaire (tandis que le locataire s’y livrerait à des travaux le Shabat)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Il ne faut pas laisser chez les païens (sauvages) un animal, car ils pourraient commettre sur lui un vice honteux; une femme ne doit pas rester seule avec eux, car ils sont soupçonnés de relations illicites. Même un homme ne doit pas rester seul avec eux, car ils pourraient l’assassiner. Une femme israélite ne doit pas accepter les fonctions de sage-femme chez une païenne (suspecte), car elle élèverait un enfant destiné à servir des idoles; mais on peut laisser une païenne accoucher chez une israélite. Une femme israélite ne doit pas devenir la nourrice du fils d’un païen (suspect), mais on peut laisser une païenne se placer comme nourrice de l’enfant d’un israélite, à la condition qu’elle reste chez la mère.",
+ "On ne doit pas se laisser soigner par eux, quand on est malade, et on ne doit nulle part se faire raser par eux (c’est dangereux); c’est l’opinion de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs disent, qu’on peut se faire raser par eux dans un endroit public où il y a du monde, mais non rester avec le païen en tête-à-tête.",
+ "Voici les objets qui, appartenant à un païen, deviennent interdits, avec défense d’en tirer aucun profit: le vin et le vinaigre des païens qui a d’abord été du vin (et a pu servir aux libations des idoles), l’argile d’Hadrien (contenant du vin), des peaux vives arrachées en face du cœur des animaux (en sacrifice d’idolâtre). R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: quand la déchirure est ronde, la peau est interdite; si la déchirure est longue, la peau reste permise à l’usage. De la chair que le païen va importer pour l’offrir à l’idole est encore permise; mais celle qu’il sort de chez lui est interdite, car elle est à considérer comme sacrifice aux morts. Tel est l’avis de R. aqiba. Il est défendu d’avoir des relations commerciales avec ceux qui se rendent à l’idolâtrie, mais c’est permis avec ceux qui en reviennent.-.",
+ "Le contenu d’outres des païens, ou dans leurs cruches, fût-ce du vin provenant d’Israélites, est interdit, avec défense d’en tirer nul profit; tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs ne défendent pas d’en tirer un profit. Il est défendu d’utiliser les pépins et les peaux de raisins des païens, ni d’en tirer profit. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs n’interdisent que les pépins verts, non les secs. Les saumures et le fromage provenant de Bet-Onéqé et la thériaque des païens sont interdits, avec défense d’en tirer nul profit. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Les autres docteurs disent qu’il est permis d’en tirer un profit indirect.",
+ "R. Juda dit que R. Ismaël demanda à R. Josué pendant qu’ils voyageaient ensemble: -Pourquoi les fromages des païens sont-ils interdits? -Parce que ceux-ci font coaguler le lait dans un estomac de bête crevée. -Quoi! répliqua R. Ismaël, est-ce que l’estomac d’un holocauste ne comporte pas plus de gravité que celui d’une charogne; et comme un jour l’avis fut exprimé qu’un cohen qui désire manger cette partie peut l’avaler crue, l’avis ne fut pas confirmé, en disant que l’on ne doit pas en jouir sans que ce soit là une prévarication? -L’interdit provient, dit R. Josué, du séjour du lait dans l’estomac d’un veau offert à l’idole. Mais alors, répliqua R. Ismaël, pourquoi ne pas en interdire toute jouissance? Son interlocuteur parla d’un autre sujet et dit: Ismaël mon frère, lis-tu (Ct 1, 2): tes amours sont meilleurs que le vin, DODEKHA ou DODAIKH? -J’adopte cette dernière leçon, dit R. Josué. -Non, fut-il répliqué, car le verset suivant autorise la première leçon (il ne faut donc pas y regarder de trop près).",
+ "Les objets suivants appartenant aux païens sont interdits, sans qu’il soit défendu toutefois d’en trier un profit indirect: le lait trait par des païens, sans qu’un israélite l’ait vu, leur pain et leur huile; toutefois, Rabbi et son tribunal permettent d’user de leur huile; tout aliment bouillie par eux ou confit, pour lequel la sauce contient du vin ou du vinaigre; du triton haché, de la sauce où ne surnage pas de menu poisson, du petit poisson de mer (halec), un morceau d’assa, du seul d’une source saline; tous ces objets sont interdits, mais il n’est pas défendu d’en tirer profit..",
+ "Il est permis de manger les objets suivants des païens: du lait trait par un païen en présence d’un israélite, du miel, un gâteau de miel de la ruche; même s’il égoutte encore, ce miel n’est pas un liquide sujet à la propagation de l’impureté; les objets confits auxquels il n’est pas d’usage de joindre du vin ou du vinaigre; du triton non haché, de la saumure sans poisson; une feuille d’assa, des olives roulées en gâteau rond. R. Yossé dit: les olives dont les noyaux tombent aisément sont interdites. Les sauterelles venant de la corbeille (vendues directement après la cueillette) sont interdites; mais celles qui viennent du réservoir sont permises. Il en est de même pour l’oblation (que l’on craint d’avoir reçu pour des aliments profanes)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Toutes les idoles sont d’une jouissance interdite, car on les adore au moins une fois par an. Les autres sages ne déclarent interdite que l’idole ayant en main un bâton, ou un oiseau, ou une boule. R. Simon b. Gamliel interdit toute idole qui a en main un objet quelconque.",
+ "Celui qui trouve des fragments de vases simulant l’idole, peut les utiliser. Si l’on trouve une forme de main ou de pied, il est défendu d’en user, car il arrive que de tels objets sont adorés.",
+ "Si l’on trouve des vases où est représenté le soleil, ou la lune, ou un dragon, dracwn, il faut les jeter à la mer. Selon R. Simon b. Gamliel, seulement au cas où ces images sont figurées sur des vases précieux, ceux-ci sont interdits; mais si elles sont sur des non-valeurs, il n’y a pas d’interdit. Selon R. Yossé, on peut les réduire en poussière et les disperser, au vent, au lieu de les jeter à la mer. Mais alors, fut-il répliqué, cette poussière redevient un engrais au champ; or, il est dit (Dt 13, 17): rien de l’interdit ne devra rester entre tes mains.",
+ "R. Gamliel allait prendre ses bains à Acco dans une maison de bains qui appartenait à la déesse Aphrodite (le temple de cette déesse, ses prêtres et le personnel étaient entretenus des revenus qu’on retirait de la maison de bains). Un païen, Proclus ben Philosophos lui demanda comment il pouvait se permettre d’aller prendre des bains dans une maison affectée au service d’une idole, quand la loi mosaïque (ibid.) défendait de tirer le moindre profit des objets consacrés aux divinités païennes? Une fois sorti, R. Gamliel répondit: Je ne vais pas dans le domaine de l’idole, c’est elle qui vient dans le mien; on n’a pas construit la maison de bains en l’honneur de l’Aphrodite; c’est elle au contraire qui sert d’ornement à la maison de bains (c’est une maison publique, appartenant à moi comme à tout le monde). Ou bien encore, quelle que soit la somme d’argent que l’on te donnerait, tu n’entrerais pas devant ton idole à l’état nu, ou étant gonorrhéen, ou pour uriner devant elle; mais cette idole est sise à la rigole du bain, et tous urinent devant elle. Or, la Loi emploie l’expression leurs dieux; donc, ceux envers lesquels on se conduit avec respect, comme à l’égard d’un dieu, sont interdits, mais ceux que l’on ne traite pas avec les mêmes égards sont permis.",
+ "Il est permis d’utiliser les monts et collines adorés par les païens, non ce qui se trouve sur ces lieux, car il est dit (Dt 7, 17): Tu ne désireras par l’argent et l’or sur elles (les idoles) pour le prendre. R. Yossé le Galiléen le déduit des mots leurs dieux sur les montagnes (Dt 12, 2); les montagnes ne sont pas des dieux. De même il est dit (ibid.): leurs dieux sur les collines; celles-ci ne sont pas des dieux. Alors pourquoi un bocage est-il interdit? Parce qu’il est de formation humaine, et tout objet artificiel est susceptible d’interdit. Je veux t’expliquer et commenter ce passage, dit R. aqiba: partout où l’on trouve une haute montagne, une colline élevée et un bois verdoyant, sache qu’il y a là une idole.",
+ "Un propriétaire, dont la maison adossée à un temple d’idoles tombe en ruines, ne devra pas la réédifier. Comment donc faire pour reconstituer son bien? Il devra se placer d’abord en retrait de 4 coudées du voisinage, puis reconstruire. Si le mur de séparation est mitoyen aux deux propriétés, il pourra mettre en compte la moitié de ce mur. Le port des pierres, bois et mottes de terre, rend impur à l’égal du contact d’un reptile, car il est dit (Dt 7, 26): tu l’auras (l’idole) en abomination comme un ver. R. aqiba dit: le contact de ces objets rend impur comme celui d’une femme menstruée, car il est dit (Is 30, 22): tu les rejetteras (les idoles) comme une femme impure, et tu leur diras de sortir. -Or, de même que la femme menstruée rend impur celui qui la porte, de même il en est de l’idole.",
+ "Quant aux maisons, il y a trois catégories à observer: une maison érigée en principe à l’idole est interdite. Si on l’a seulement enduite de ciment, ou préparée pour l’idole par une rénovation, il suffit à l’israélite d’enlever ces changements pour utiliser la maison. Si le païen après y avoir apporté une idole la remporte, la maison redevient permise. Il y a trois sortes de pierres: une pierre taillée dès l’origine comme socle, bwmo\", est interdite. Si elle a été seulement enduite de chaux, ou adaptée à l’idolâtrie par une modification, il suffit d’enlever le changement pour la rendre d’un usage permis. De même, si après avoir placé une idole sur la pierre on l’a ensuite enlevée, l’usage redevient permis. Il y a trois sortes d’arbres, phallus: un arbre planté en principe pour l’idolâtrie est interdit. S’il a été seulement taillé et émondé pour l’idole, puis on a modifié son aspect, il suffit d’enlever la partie modifiée (et le reste est permis). Enfin si l’on a placé au-dessous une idole, plus tard détruite, il reste d’un usage permis. On appelle bocage sacré le bois sous lequel il y a une idole. Selon R. Simon, on nomme ainsi l’arbre que l’on adore lui-même. Il arriva un jour à Sidon qu’au-dessous de l’arbre où on se livrait à l’idolâtrie, il y avait un monceau. -Examinez ce monceau, dit R. Simon: ce qui fut fait. On vit qu’il y avait là une image. -Puisque celle-ci était adorée, dit-il, l’usage de l’arbre reste permis.",
+ "On ne doit pas s’asseoir à l’ombre d’un arbre d’idole; en cas de fait accompli, on reste pur. On ne doit pas passer au-dessous de ce bois; en cas de fait accompli, on devient impur. Si les branches empiètent sur la voie publique et que l’on passe au-dessous d’elles, on reste pur. Au-dessous d’elles, il est permis d’ensemencer des légumes verts dans la saison des pluies, non en été; mais il n’est pas permis d’y semer de la laitue, ni l’été, ni l’hiver. R. Yossé interdit même de semer des légumes verts dans la saison des pluies, parce que les fleurs de l’arbre en tombant sur les semailles, leur servent d’engrais (et leur profitent).",
+ "Si d’un bocage d’idole on a enlevé du bois, il est défendu de s’en servir. Si ce bois a servi à chauffer le four, qu’il soit neuf ou vieux, il faudra démolir le four. Le pain cuit dans ce four est interdit à tout usage, et si ce pain a été mêlé à d’autres, tous seront interdits. Selon R. Eliézer, il suffira de prendre le montant du profit et de le jeter à la mer. Toutefois, observèrent les autres docteurs, il n’y a pas lieu à rachat Si dans le bois consacré à l’idole on taille une navette, il est interdit d’en profiter; si l’on s’en est servi pour tisser une étoffe, elle ne pourra pas être employée. Si elle a été mêlée à d’autres, et celles-ci à leur tour sont mêlées avec d’autres, toutes sont interdites. Selon R. Eliézer, il suffira de jeter à la mer le montant du profit. -Non, fut-il répliqué, on ne rachète rien, de ce qui est à l’idolâtrie.-",
+ "Comment procède-t-on à l’annulation de l’idole adorée en un arbre? Si l’idolâtre a enlevé de l’arbre des souches sèches, ou des branches vertes, ou s’il en a découpé un bâton ou une verge, fût-ce seulement une feuille, l’idole se trouve annulée. Si l’une de ces opérations a été faite en vue du profit de l’arbre, il reste interdit; si elle a eu lieu sans profit pour l’arbre (avec intention manifeste de rupture), l’arbre redevient permis."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Ismaël dit: s’il y a trois pierres l’une à côté de l’autre auprès d’un Mercure, elles sont interdites; s’il n’y en a que deux, elles sont d’un usage permis. Les autres docteurs disent: celles qui visiblement font partie de cette idole sont interdites; celles qui n’apparaissent pas comme telles, restent permises.",
+ "Si dans la tête du Mercure on trouve de l’argent, ou un vêtement, ou des vases, ils restent d’un usage permis. Si l’on y trouve des ceps chargés de raisins, ou des couronnes d’épis, ou du vin, ou de l’huile, ou de la fleur de farine, ou tout objet dont le semblable est offert en sacrifice sur l’autel, c’est interdit.",
+ "Si un jardin ou un établissement de bains appartient à une idole (à ses prêtres qui l’exploitent), on peut en faire usage si l’on ne paie pas pour l’utiliser; mais l’on ne doit pas en faire usage en payant. Si le jardin ou le bain appartient à l’idole et à un particulier, on peut en tous cas l’utiliser.",
+ "L’idole faite par un païen devient de suite d’un usage interdit, et celle qu’a faite un israélite n’est interdite qu’après l’adoration, un païen peut annuler son idole et celle fabriquée par un israélite (de façon à rendre son usage permis); mais un israélite ne peut pas effectuer l’annulation d’une idole érigée par un païen. En annulant l’effet d’une idole, le même résultat est acquis pour les accessoires de l’idole; mais l’annulation de ces derniers n’entraîne pas le résultat pour l’idole elle-même, qui est interdite.",
+ "Comment annule-t-on l’idole? En lui coupant p. ex. le bout de l’oreille, ou le bout du nez, ou l’extrémité du doigt. Comprimer l’idole, sans rien lui enlever, suffit à l’annuler. Cracher sur elle, ou uriner devant elle, ou la traîner dans la boue, ou jeter une ordure sur elle, ce n’est pas l’annuler. La vendre ou la mettre en gage, c’est l’annuler, selon Rabbi; les autres docteurs ne sont pas de cet avis.",
+ "L’idole que ses adorateurs ont délaissée pendant une période de paix, est permise; mais celle qui a été abandonnée pendant la guerre reste interdite. Les piédestaux (grec: bomoï) d’idoles pour les rois restent permis, car l’idole est érigée seulement pour le passage des rois.",
+ "On demanda à des anciens dans Rome: puisque Dieu ne se plaît pas aux idoles, pourquoi ne les détruit-il pas? -C’est que, répondirent-ils, si l’on adorait des objets inutiles au monde, Dieu les détruirait; mais comme ils adorent le soleil, la lune, les étoiles, les planètes, les montagnes, les collines, Dieu ne perd pas le monde à cause des insensés. -S’il en est ainsi, répliquèrent les adversaires des Juifs, que Dieu laisse perdre ce qui est inutile au monde et maintienne ce qui lui est nécessaire? -Nous aussi, répondirent les anciens, nous soutiendrions alors ceux qui adorent ces idoles et qui diraient: Vous voyez bien que ces objets du moins sont des idoles, puisqu’ils ne sont pas détruits!",
+ "On peut acheter d’un païen un pressoir de vin, bien que celui-ci prenne à la main des grappes à remettre sur le tas de raisins. Le vin n’est considéré comme interdit à titre de libation qu’après la descente dans la cuve; après cette descente, ce qui est dans la cuve est interdit, et le reste est permis.",
+ "Au boulanger qui travaille à l’état impur on ne devra aider ni à pétrir la pâte, ni à préparer le pain; mais on pourra l’aider à transporter les pains chez le marchand, prathr.- Si un païen se trouve placé à côté d’une cuve de vin, au cas où il a une créance sur ce vin, celui-ci devient interdit (par crainte d’un contact défendu); si non, le vin reste permis.",
+ "Si le païen est tombé dans cette cuve et en a été remonté mort, ou si le païen a mesuré ce vin à l’aide d’un tube, ou si à l’aide d’un tuyau il a rejeté une guêpe de vin, ou si avec la paume de la main, il a frappé sur les vagues du vin en fermentation, tous cas qui sont survenus, il faut vendre le vin, selon l’avis des docteurs. R. Simon en permet l’usage. Si le païen a pris le tonneau et dans un mouvement de colère l’a jeté dans la cuve, fait qui est arrivé, les docteurs ont permis de le boire. On peut aider le païen à comprimer le vin au pressoir, mais non à le vendanger. A l’Israélite qui se livre à ce travail dans un état d’impureté, on ne prêtera pas d’aide ni pour comprimer, ni pour vendanger; mais on peut amener avec lui des tonneaux (vides) à son pressoir, ou les retirer de là (remplis).",
+ "Si un israélite a traité avec pureté le vin d’un païen, qu’il laisse dans le domaine de ce dernier, dans une maison ouverte sur la voie publique, dans une ville où il y a également des païens et des israélites, ce vin reste d’un usage permis. S’il ne demeure là que des païens, ce vin sera défendu, à moins que l’israélite n’ait installé un gardien auprès du vin; celui-ci n’a pas besoin de rester assis pour le surveiller, il pourra même aller et venir, et le vin restera permis. Selon R. Simon b. Eléazar, tous les domaines des païens sont considérés de même (et lorsque l’israélite seul dispose de la clôture, tous sont d’avis de permettre l’usage du vin qu’elle contient).",
+ "Si un israélite a traité avec pureté le vin d’un païen, qu’il laisse dans le domaine de ce dernier, et celui-ci écrit un acte disant: “j’ai reçu de l’argent de toi”, le vin reste permis. Mais si l’israélite veut emporter ce vin, et le païen s’y oppose jusqu’à réception de la somme stipulée, fait qui est survenu à Bet-Shean, les docteurs interdisent l’usage de ce vin."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Un ouvrier (israélite) loué par le païen pour travailler avec lui au vin de libation ne pourra pas jouir de son salaire. Si l’ouvrier a été engagé pour accomplir un autre travail, lors même que le païen l’aurait chargé à un moment de faire passer un tonneau de vin de libation d’un endroit en un autre, l’ouvrier pourra toucher le salaire. Si le païen a loué un âne d’un israélite pour s’en servir au transport du vin de libation, le montant de la location sera interdit à l’israélite; mais si l’âne a été loué pour que le païen puisse s’asseoir dessus, lors même que celui-ci y aura déposé sa cruche de vin, laguno\", le montant de la location sera d’un usage permis.",
+ "Si du vin de libation est tombé sur les raisins, il suffit de les laver et ils restent d’un usage permis; mais s’ils étaient fendus (de sorte que le dit vin a pu y pénétrer), ils deviennent interdits. Si en tombant sur les figues ou les dattes il leur communique le goût, elles deviennent interdites. Ainsi, il est arrivé à Baïtos ben Zonin d’amener de loin des figues sèches dans un bateau, et comme des tonneaux de vin de libation furent brisés et renversés sur ces figues, le cas fut soumis à la décision des docteurs, qui permirent de les consommer. Voici la règle (au sujet du mélange avec des objets consacrés aux idoles): lorsque l’objet interdit communique en ce cas son goût aux aliments, le tout sera défendu; au cas contraire tout le mélange sera permis; p. ex., si du vinaigre interdit tombe dans la bouillie.",
+ "Si un païen aide un Israélite à déplacer des cruches de vin d’un endroit à l’autre, on pourra s’en servir au cas où le vin est présumé devoir être préservé (surveillé), même si l’israélite s’est absenté; si celui-ci l’a avisé qu’il va s’éloigner, fût-ce seulement le temps de percer la pièce de la refermer et de sécher, le vin devient interdit. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: il faut, pour l’interdit, que le païen ait eu le temps de lever la bonde, de la replacer et sécher.",
+ "Si quelqu’un dépose son vin dans un char (carrum), ou en bateau pour un long transport (conduit par un païen), et prenant les devants il arrive au pays par un chemin de traverse (compendiaria), il pourra user de ce vin laissé hors de sa vue; mais s’il l’avise qu’il va s’éloigner, fût-ce seulement le temps de percer la pièce, de la refermer et laisser sécher, le vin est interdit. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit qu’il faut, pour l’interdit, que le païen ait eu le temps de lever la bonde, de la remettre et de laisser sécher. Si un israélite a dans sa boutique un païen, bien qu’il s’absente parfois, il pourra user de son vin (sans craindre que le païen l’ait contaminé), sauf avis contraire. R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: il faut avoir eu le temps de débonder la pièce, la refermer et laisser sécher.",
+ "Si à la table d’un propriétaire israélite un païen est invité, et après que l’on a mis des cruches de vin sur la table et d’autres sur le trépied (en reserve), le maître sort un moment, le vin resté sur la table (en présence du païen laissé seul) devient interdit; le reste est permis. Mais si le maître lui a dit de se verser à boire tant qu’il voudra (mettant le tout à sa disposition), même les autres cruches de vin seront interdites. Les tonneaux ouverts sont interdits; les tonneaux fermés ne sont interdits que si l’absence a duré pendant le temps suffisant à lever la bonde, la replacer et laisser sécher.",
+ "Si un corps d’armée arrive en ville, lorsqu’on est en état de paix, les tonneaux ouverts deviennent interdits, et ceux qui sont fermés seront permis; lorsqu’on est en état de guerre, tous les tonneaux restent permis, car les païens n’ont pas le temps alors de consacrer le vin à l’idole.",
+ "Des ouvriers israélites qui ont reçu d’un païen l’envoi d’un tonneau de vin de libation peuvent lui dire de leur donner le montant en espèces; mais s’ils constatent la consécration du vin après que celui-ci est entré dans leur domaine, le vin sera interdit. Lorsqu’un israélite vendant son vin à un païen, a convenu avec celui-ci du prix de vente avant de mesurer (verser) le vin dans les outres du païen, ce dernier dès lors a pris possession de son bien, et l’israélite pourra disposer librement du montant de la vente; mais si le vin a été mesuré avant l’accord pour le prix, le montant du prix à toucher devient interdit à l’israélite, comme représentant un objet dont il n’est pas permis de tirer un profit. Si l’on a pris l’entonnoir et versé avec cet instrument dans le verre du païen, puis versé de nouveau dans le verre de l’israélite, et qu’un obstacle empêche l’écoulement entier du vin, celui-ci sera interdit. En transvasant du vin de sa cruche dans celle du païen, le premier reste d’un usage permis, mais le second est interdit.",
+ "Le vin de libation communique son interdit à tout objet auquel il est mêlé, quelque petite que soit sa part; l’effet de propagation est le même pour le vin sacré mêlé à d’autre vin, ou de l’eau de libation mêlée à d’autre eau. Le mélange de vin sacré avec de l’eau, ou de l’eau de libation avec le vin n’est interdit, que si la parcelle défendue communique sont goût au reste. Voici la règle: en cas de similitude d’espèces, la moindre parcelle d’interdit suffit à contaminer le reste; amis en présence d’une espèce différente, il faut qu’il y ait propagation de goût pour provoquer l’interdit –.-",
+ "Les objets suivants, quelques minimes qu’ils soient, communiquent leur interdit: le vin d’oblation, l’idolâtre, les peaux arrachées en face du cœur, le bœuf lapidé, la génisse au cou rompu (pour meurtrier inconnu), les oiseaux offerts par le lépreux, la chevelure d’un Nazir, le premier rejeton de l’âne, la viande dans du lait, les animaux profanes égorgés au parvis du Temple; en tous ces cas, la moindre parcelle propage l’interdit.",
+ "Si du vin de libation est tombé dans une cuve pleine, tout le contenu devient interdit à la jouissance. Selon R. Simon b. Gamliel, il est permis de vendre le tout à un païen, sauf à défalquer le prix du vin de libation.",
+ "Une cuve en pierre, badigeonnée de poix par un païen, sera pure après avoir été essuyée. Si elle est en bois, Rabbi prescrit seulement de l’essuyer aussi (de la laver et laisser sécher); les autres sages prescrivent d’enlever la poix. Enfin, si elle est en argile (qui absorbe le liquide), malgré l’enlèvement de la poix, elle sera interdite.",
+ "Quand on prend des ustensiles de cuisine qui ont servi à un païen il faut baigner (tremper dans l’eau) ce qu’il est d’usage de baigner, ou passer à l’eau chaude ceux pour lesquels c’est l’usage, ou blanchir au feu ceux pour lesquels c’est l’usage; dans cette dernière catégorie sont la broche et le gril. Quant aux couteaux, il suffit- de les repasser pour qu’ils soient purs."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85f1110c7d67f612303e85c0b798b7a361f02bca
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Drei Tage vor den Festtagen der Heiden ist es verboten, mit ihnen Geschäfte zu machen; ihnen etwas zu leihen, oder von ihnen auszuleihen; ihnen ein Darlehen zu geben, oder von ihnen ein solches zu nehmen, ihnen zu zahlen oder sich von ihnen bezahlen zu lassen. R. Jehuda sagt: Man darf sich von ihnen bezahlen lassen, weil dies ihm Gram bereitet. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Wenn es ihm auch jetzt Gram bereitet, so freut er sich doch I darüber] in späterer Zeit.",
+ "R. Ismael sagt: Drei Tage vorher und drei Tage nachher ist dies verboten. Die Weisen sagen: Vor ihren Festen ist es verboten, nach ihren Festen aber ist es erlaubt.",
+ "Folgendes sind die Feste der Heiden: Die Calenden, Saturnalien, der Siegestag, der Geburtstag der Könige, der Geburtstag und der Todestag; dies die Worte des R.Meir. Die Weisen aber sagen: Bei jedem Tode, wobei eine Verbrennung stattfindet, findet auch Götzendienst statt; findet aber dabei keine Verbrennung statt, so findet auch kein Götzendienst statt. Dagegen ist in Bezug auf den Tag, an dem Einer sich den Bart oder den Schopf schert, oder den Tag, an dem er von einer Seereise ans Land gestiegen, oder aus dem Gefängnisse herausgekommen, oder an dem ein Heide seinem Sohne Hochzeit macht, nur an diesem Tage und gegen diesen Mann das Verbot gültig.",
+ "Wenn in einer Stadt ein Götze ist, so ist außerhalb derselben [das Verkehren] erlaubt; ist der Götze außerhalb derselben, so ist [es] in derselben erlaubt. Ist es erlaubt, dahin zu gehen? Fühlt der Weg lediglich nach diesem Orte, so ist es verboten ; kann man aber auf diesem Wege auch nach einem andern Orte kommen, so ist es erlaubt. Wenn in einer Stadt ein Götzen fest ist, und es sind dort Kaufläden, die Teils bekränzt, Teils unbekränzt sind; — ein solcher hall traf sich einst in Bet-Schean, und es entschieden die Weisen, dass in den bekränzten verboten, in den unbekränzten aber erlaubt ist [zu kaufen.]",
+ "Folgende Dinge sind verboten, den Heiden zu verkaufen. Tannenäpfel oder weiße Feigen mit deren Stielen, Weihrauch und einen weißen Hahn. R. Jehuda sagt : Man darf ihm einen weißen Hahn mit andern Hähnen [zusammen], verkaufen, und wenn er allein [zu verkaufen] ist, so haue man ihm einen Finger ab; denn sie bringen nichts Verstümmeltes dem Götzen dar. Alle andern Dinge sind unbestimmt [zu verkaufen] erlaubt, bei ausdrücklicher Erklärung aber verboten. R. Meir sagt: Auch feine Datteln, Chazab- und Nikolaus-Datteln darf man den Heiden nicht verkaufen.",
+ "Wo es üblich ist, Kleinvieh den Heiden zu verkaufen, darf man [es] verkaufen; wo es Brauch ist, dass man [es] nicht verkauft, darf man [es] nicht verkaufen. Nirgends aber darf man ihnen verkaufen Großvieh, Kälber und Eselsfüllen, mögen sie unversehrt oder beschädigt sein. R Jehuda erlaubt es bei Beschädigtem. Ben Bethera erlaubt es beim Pferde.",
+ "Man darf ihnen keine Bären, Löwen oder sonst Etwas, wodurch den Leuten Schaden entstehen kann, verkaufen. Man darf ihnen nicht bauen helfen eine Basilika, einen Richtplatz, eine Rennbahn oder einen Richterstuhl; man darf ihnen aber öffentliche Bäder und [Privat-] Badehäuser bauen helfen. Kommt man an das Gewölbe, wo man ein Götzenbild aufstellt, so darf man nicht mit bauen.",
+ "Man darf keine Schmucksachen für Götzen machen, Halsketten, Nasenringe oder Fingerringe. R. Elieser sagt: Für Lohn ist es erlaubt. Man darf ihnen nichts am Boden Haftendes verkaufen; man darf dies aber verkaufen, nachdem es abgehauen ist. R. Jehuda sagt: Man darf es ihnen auch verkaufen mit der Bedingung, es abzuhauen. Man darf ihnen im Lande Israel keine Häuser, noch viel weniger Felder vermieten; in Syrien darf man ihnen wohl Häuser aber nicht Felder vermieten; im Auslande darf man ihnen Häuser verkaufen und Felder vermieten; dies die Worte des R. Meïr. R. Jose sagt: Im Lande Israel darf man ihnen Häuser vermieten, aber nicht Felder; in Syrien darf man ihnen Häuser verkaufen und Felder vermieten, im Auslande darf man ihnen Beides verkaufen.",
+ "Auch da, wo man erlaubt hat [dem Heiden ein Haus] zu vermieten, hat man dies nicht erlaubt, wenn er es als Wohnhaus gebrauchen will, weil er einen Götzen hineinbringen würde und es heißt (Deut. 7,26): „Lasse keinen Gräuel in Dein Haus kommen.‟ Nirgends aber darf man ihm ein Bad vermieten, weil es nach dem Namen des Eigentümers genannt wird."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Man darf kein Vieh in die Gasthöfe der Heiden stellen, weil sie der schändlichen Vermischung verdächtig sind. Es darf keine Frau mit ihnen allein sein, weil sie der Unzucht verdächtig sind. Es darf kein Mann mit ihnen allein sein, weil sie des Blut-Vergießens verdächtig sind. Es darf keine Israelitin einer Heidin Geburtshilfe leisten, (weil sie dadurch ein Kind für den Götzendienst gebären hilft), aber man darf von einer Heidin einer Israelitin Geburtshilfe leisten lassen. Es darf keine Israelitin das Kind einer Heidin säugen, aber man darf von einer Heidin das Kind einer Israelitin in deren eigenem Gebiete säugen lassen.",
+ "Man darf sich von ihnen eine Heilung des Vermögens, aber nicht eine Heilung der Person angedeihen lassen. Man darf sich nirgends von ihnen scheren lassen; dies die Worte R. Meïr’s. Die Weisen aber sagen: lm öffentlichen Gebiete ist es erlaubt, aber nicht mit ihm allein.",
+ "Folgende Dinge von Heiden sind verboten, und zwar selbst zur Nutzung: Wein, Essig von Heiden, der bei ihnen noch Wein gewesen, adrianische Scherbe und Tier-Felle, die dem Herzen gegenüber aufgerissen sind. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Wenn der Riss rund ist, dann ist es verboten; ist er länglich, so ist es erlaubt. Fleisch, welches zum Götzen hineingebracht wird, ist erlaubt; was von dort herauskommt, ist verboten, weil es wie Toten-Opfer betrachtet wird; dies die Worte R. Akiba’s. Mit verboten; so R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Deren Nutzung ist nicht denen,die zum Götzen wallfahrten, darf man keine Geschäfte machen , mit denen aber, welche davon herkommen, ist es erlaubt.",
+ "Schläuche und Krüge der Heiden, in denen Wein eines Israeliten eilige-füllt ist, sind auch zur Nutzung verboten; verboten. Trauben-Kerne und Hülsen von Heiden sind selbst zur Nutzung verboten; so R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Solange sie feucht sind, sind sie verboten, aber wenn sietrocken sind, sind sie erlaubt. Muria und bitynischer Käse von Heiden sind selbst zur Nutzung verboten; so R. Meir Die Weisen aber sagen: Deren Nutzung ist nicht verboten.",
+ "Es sagte R. Jehuda: Einst richtete R. Ismael an R. Josua, als sie unterwegs waren, eine Frage, indem er zu ihm sprach: Warum hat man Käse der Heiden verboten? Da erwiderte er ihm: Weil sie die Milch durch Lab-Milch von Aaastieren gerinnen machen. Da sprach Jener zu ihm: Lab-Milch vom Ganzopfer ist doch strenger verboten, als Lab-Milch vom Aase, und dennoch hat man gesagt: „Ein Priester, der sich nicht ekelt, darf sie roh schlürfen‟ — Dies hat man ihm nicht zugestanden; vielmehr hat man gesagt: „Man darf sie nicht gemessen, aber man begeht dadurch keine Veruntreuung ‟ — darauf sprach R. Josua zu ihm : [Der Käse ist verboten], weil man die Milch mit Lab-Milch von Götzenopfer-Kälbern gerinnen macht. Da sprach Jener zu ihm: Wenn dem so ist, warum hat mau nicht auch die Nutzung davon verboten? — Da führte er ihn zu einem anderen Gegenstände hin, indem er zu ihm sprach: Bruder Ismael, wie liesest du: כי טונים דֹּדֶיךָ מיין. oder כי טובים דוֹדַיִךְ? Jener antwortete: כי טובים דוֹדַיִךְ. Da sprach er zu ihm: Die Sache ist nicht so; denn der nächste Vers belehrt darüber [welcher lautet:] לריח שְׁמָנֶיךָ טובים ",
+ "Folgende Dinge der Heiden sind verboten, aber nicht deren Nutzung: Milch, die ein Heide gemolken, ohne dass ein Israelit es gesehen, ihr Brod und Öl. (Rabbi und sein Gerichtshofhaben das Öl erlaubt). Gekochtes, Eingemachtes, worin sie Wein und Essig zu tun pflegen, kleingehackte Terith, Fischlake, in der kein Fisch ist, (in der keine Kalchit schwimmt), Ohilak, ein Stück Asant, gewürztes Salz — alle diese sind verboten, aber nicht deren Nutzung.",
+ "Folgende Dinge sind [auch] zu essen erlaubt: Milch, die ein Heide im Beisein eines Israeliten gemolken, Honig, weiche Trauben, — selbst wenn sie tropfen, macht deren Flüssigkeit nicht zur Unreinheit geeignet, — Eingemachtes, worin man nicht Wein und Essig zu tun pflegt, Terith, die nicht kleingehackt ist, Fischlake, in der ein Fisch ist, Blätter von Asant und eingelegte Olivenkuchen. R Jose sagt: die erweichten sind verboten. Die Heuschrecken, die aus dem Korbe kommen, sind verboten, die aber aus der Vorratskammer kommen, sind erlaubt. Dasselbe gilt hinsichtlich der Theruma."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Alle Bilder sind [zur Nutzung] verboten, weil sie einmal im Jahre angebetet werden; dies die Worte R. Meirs. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nur solche, die einen Stab, Vogel oder eine Kugel in der Hand haben. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Jedes Bild, das irgend eine Sache in der Hand hat.",
+ "Findet Jemand Bruchstücke von Bildern, so sind diese erlaubt. Findet man die Figur einer Hand oder eines Fußes, so sind diese verboten, weil dergleichen angebetet wird.",
+ "Findet man Geräte, auf denen das Bild der Sonne, das Bild des Mondes, oder das Bild eines Drachen ist, so muss man sie in die Salzsee werfen. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Nur wenn solche auf ansehnlichen Geräten sich befinden, sind sie verboten, sind sie aber auf unbedeutenden Geräten so sind sie erlaubt. R. Jose sagt: Man kann sie zerreiben und in den Wind streuen oder ins Meer werfen. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Es würde dann ja Dünger daraus, und es heißt doch (Deut. 13,18): Es soll nicht das Geringste von dem Banne an Deiner Hand haften.",
+ "Es fragte Proklos, Sohn des Philosophos, Rabban Gamliel zu Akko, als dieser sich im Bade der Aphrodite badete, und sprach zu ihm: Es steht in eurer Tora geschrieben: „Es soll nicht das Geringste von dem Banne an deiner Hand haften,‟ — warum badest du im Bade der Aphrodite? Er sprach zu ihm: Man darf im Bade nicht antworten! Nachdem er herausgegangen war, antwortete er ihm: Ich bin ja nicht in ihr Gebiet gekommen, sie ist vielmehr in mein Gebiet gekommen! Man sagt nicht: „das Bad ist der Aphrodite zur Zierde gemacht worden‟, sondern: „Eine Aphrodite ist dem Bade zur Zierde gemacht worden.‟ Ferner: Wenn man dir auch viel Geld gäbe, würdest du nicht nackt und, nachdem du einen nächtlichen Zufall gehabt, vor deine Gottheit hintreten und vor ihr Urin lassen; diese aber steht an der Mündung des Kanals, und alle Leute urinieren vor ihr! Es heißt aber nur: „ihre Götter‟; d. h. nur das, was man wie einen Gott behandelt, ist verboten; was man aber nicht wie einen Gott behandelt, ist erlaubt.",
+ "Wenn Heiden Berge und Hügel an beten, so sind diese [zur Nutzung] erlaubt; was aber darauf sich befindet, ist verboten, denn es heißt (Deut. 7,25): „Habe kein Gelüste nach dem Silber und Gold, das auf ihnen ist, um es zu nehmen!‟ R. Jose der Galiläer, sagt: Es heißt (Deut. 12,2): „ihre Götter auf ihren Bergen,‟ aber nicht: „die Berge ihre Götter‟; „ihre Götter auf den Hügeln‟ aber nicht: „die Hügel ihre Götter ‟. Warum ist aber ein Götzenbaum verboten? Weil Menschen ihn gehandhabt haben, und Alles, wobei ein Handhaben von Menschen stattgefunden hat, verboten ist. Es sagte R. Akiba: Ich will [die Stelle] vor dir untersuchen und erklären. Überall, wo du einen hohen Berg, einen erhabenen Hügel und einen belaubten Baum siehst, wisse, dass dort ein Götze ist.",
+ "Wenn Jemand ein Haus neben einem Götzentempel hat und es fällt ein ; so darf er es nicht wieder aufbauen. Was soll er da tun? Er muss in sein Gebiet (vier Ellen) hineinrücken, wenn er baut. Gehörte die Wand zu seinem Hause und zum Götzentempel, so wird sie als in zwei gleiche Teile geteilt betrachtet. Deren Steine, Holz und Schutt verunreinigen, wie ein Kriechtier, denn es heißt (Deut. 7,26): „Du sollst ihn verabscheuen!‟ R. Akiba sagt: Wie eine Menstruierende, denn es heißt (Jes. 60,22): „Verwirf sie, gleich einer Leidenden, fort! sprich zu ihm.‟ Sowie demnach eine Menstruierende den, der sie trägt, verunreinigt, ebenso verunreinigt ein Götze den, der ihn trägt.",
+ "Es gibt dreierlei [Götzen-Häuser: Ein; Haus, das man ursprünglich zum Götzendienste erbaut hat, ist verboten; hat man es bloß zum Götzendienste übertüncht, mit Bildwerk versehen oder sonst was Neues daran gemacht, so braucht man nur das Neue wegzunehmen; hat man bloß einen Götzen hineingestellt und ihn wieder herausgenommen, so ist es erlaubt. Es gibt dreierlei [Götzen-]Steine: Ein Stein, den man ursprünglich zum Götzenbild-Gestell ausgehauen, ist verboten; hat man ihn bloß für den Götzen angestrichen, mit Bildwerk geschmückt oder sonst was Neues daran gemacht, so braucht man nur das Neue wegzunehmen; hat man bloß einen Götzen darauf gestellt und ihn wieder entfernt, so ist der Stein erlaubt. Es gibt dreierlei Ascherot: Ein Baum, den man ursprünglich zum Götzendienst gepflanzt hat, ist verboten, hat man ihn zum Götzendienste behauen oder beschnitten, und er hat neue Schösslinge hervorgebracht, so braucht man nur die neuen Schösslinge wegzunehmen ; hat man einen Götzen darunter gestellt und diesen dann nichtig gemacht, so ist jener erlaubt. Was heißt eine Aschera? Ein Baum, unter dem ein Götze steht. R. Simon sagt: Ein Baum, den man anbetet. Einst geschah es zu Zidon, dass man einen Baum an betete, unter dem ein Steinhaufe sich befand; da sprach R. Simon zu ihnen: Untersuchet diesen Steinhäufen! Man untersuchte ihn und fand ein Bild in demselben; da sprach er zu ihnen: Da sie das Bild anbeten, so können wir euch den Baum erlauben.",
+ "Man darf sich nicht in ihren Schatten setzen; hat man sich [dorthin] gesetzt, so bleibt man rein. Man darf nicht darunter vorübergehen; ist man vorübergegangen, so ist man unrein. Beeinträchtigt sie die Leute, so ist der darunter Vorübergehende rein. Man darf darunter im Winter Kräuter säen, aber nicht im Sommer; Lattich [darf man] jedoch weder im Sommer noch im Winter [darunter säen]. R. Jose sagt: Auch Kräuter im Winter nicht, weil das Laub darauf fällt und ihnen zum Dünger dient.",
+ "Hat man davon Holz genommen, so ist es zur Nutzung verboten. Hat man damit den Ofen geheizt, so muss dieser, wenn er neu war, eingerissen wer den; ist er alt, so muss man ihn auskühlen lassen. Hat man damit Brod gebacken, so ist dasselbe zur Nutzung verboten. Ist dies mit anderen [Broten] vermischt worden, so sind alle zur Nutzung verboten. R. Elieser sagt: Man soll den Nutzen in die Salzsee werfen. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Bei Götzendienst gibt es keine Auslösung. Hat man davon ein Weberschiffchen gemacht, so ist es zur Nutzung verboten. Hat man damit ein Kleid gewoben, so ist auch das Kleid zur Nutzung verboten. Ist dies mit anderen [Kleidern] und diese anderen wieder mit anderen vermischt worden, so sind alle zur Nutzung verboten. R. Elieser sagt: Man so]] den Nutzen in die Salzsee werfen. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Bei Götzendienst gibt es keine Auslösung.",
+ "In welcher Weise macht er sie nichtig? Wenn er dürre oder frische Zweige davon abgehauen, wenn er einen Stock oder eine Rute oder auch nur ein Blatt davon genommen hat, so ist sie nichtig. Hat er sie abgehobelt, so bleibt sie, wenn dies ihretwegen geschehen ist, verboten; geschah dies aber nicht ihretwegen, so ist sie erlaubt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Ismael sagt: Drei Steine nebeneinander an der Seite des Merkulis sind verboten, sind dort aber nur zwei Steine, so sind sie erlaubt Die Weisen aber sagen: Diejenigcn, die als ihm zugehörig erscheinen, sind verboten, die aber nicht als ihm zugehörig erscheinen, sind erlaubt,",
+ "Findet man auf dessen Haupte Geld, Gewand oder Geräte, so sind sie erlaubt; aber Weintrauben - Gebinde, Achren-Kränze, Fläschchen mit Wein, Öl oder Mehl, überhaupt Alles, desgleichen auf dem Altar dargebracht wird, ist verboten.",
+ "Wenn ein Garten oder ein Bad einem Götzen gehört, so darf man von denselben ohne Dankesbezeugung einen Nutzen haben, aber nicht mit Dankesbezeugung. Gehören sie dem Götzen und zugleich Anderen, so darf mau sowohl mit als ohne Dankesbezeugung davon Nutzen haben.",
+ "Der Götze eines Heiden ist sogleich zur Nutzung verboten, der eines Israeliten aber ist erst dann verboten, wenn demselben gedient worden. Ein Heide kann sowohl seinen Götzen als den seines Nächsten nichtig machen; ein Israelit aber kann nicht den Götzen eines Heiden nichtig machen. Macht man einen Götzen nichtig, so hat man damit auch alle seine Dienstsachen nichtig gemacht, hat man aber nur die Dienstsachen nichtig gemacht, so sind bloß die Dienstsachen erlaubt, der Götze selbst aber verboten.",
+ "Wie macht man ihn nichtig? Hat man ihm die Spitze des Ohres, der Nase oder des Fingers abgehauen; hat man ihn zusammengedrückt, obwohl nichts davon weggenommen ist, so hat man ihn nichtig gemacht; hat man vor ihm ausgespieen oder uriniert; hat man ihn herumgeschleppt oder mit Kotli beworfen; so wird er nicht dadurch nichtig. Hat man ihn verkauft oder verpfändet, so sagt Rabbi: Er wird dadurch nichtig. Die Weisen aber sagen: Er wird nicht dadurch nichtig.",
+ "Wenn einen Götzen seine Verehrer zurückgelassen haben, so ist derselbe erlaubt, wenn dies in Friedenszeiten geschehen ; geschah es aber in Kriegszeiten, so bleibt er verboten. Götzengestelle der Könige sind erlaubt, weil man [nur], wenn die Könige vorüberziehen, Götzen darauf stellt.",
+ "Man fragte einst die Ältesten in Rom: Wenn Gott an den Götzen keinen Gefallen hat, warum vernichtet er sie nicht? Da sprachen sie zu ihnen: Wenn sie einer Sache dienten, welche die Welt nicht brauchte, so würde er sie vernichten; aber sie dienen der Sonne, dem Monde, den Sternen und den Tierkreis-Bildern — soll nun Gott der Thoren wegen seine Welt zerstören?! Da sprachen jene zu ihnen: Wenn dem so ist, so sollte er die Dinge, welche die Welt nicht braucht, vernichten und die stehen lassen, welche die Welt braucht! Sie antworteten ihnen : Dann würden wir die Verehrer dieser Dinge in ihrer Meinung bestärken ; denn sie würden sagen: Sehet, sie sind Götter,. da sie nicht untergegangen sind.",
+ "Man kann eine getretene Weinkelter vom Heiden kaufen, obwohl er mit der Hand [Weintrauben] nimmt und sie auf den Haufen legt; es kann nicht eher als Nesech-Wein verboten werden, bis er in die Kufe hlierabgeronnen ist. Ist er in die Kufe geronnen, so ist das, was in der Kufe ist, verboten, das Übrige aber erlaubt.",
+ "Man darf mit dem Heiden in der Kelter pressen; aber man darf nicht mit ihm Trauben lesen. Mit einem Israeliten, der seinen Wein in Unreinigkeit bereitet, darf man weder pressen noch lesen; man darf aber mit ihm Fässer in die Kelter tragen und von der Kelter bringen. Mit einem Bäcker, der in Unreinheit [Brod] bereitet, darf man weder kneten noch [den Teig] rollen, man darf aber mit ihm Brod in den Verkaufsladen tragen.",
+ "Wenn ein Heide neben der Wein-Kufe getroffen wird, so ist der Wein, wenn er darauf eine Schuldforderung hat, verboten, hat er keine darauf, so ist er erlaubt. Ist er in die Weinkufe gefallen und heraufgezogen worden, oder hat er [den Wein] mit einem Rohr gemessen, oder mit dem Rohr eine Hornisse herausgeschleudert, oder auf die Öffnung des schäumenden Fasses mit der Hand geschlafen — alle diese Fälle haben sich einst zugetragen, und man hat gesagt, der Wein soll verkauft werden. R. Simon aber erlaubt ihn. Hat er das Fass genommen und es (im Zorne) in die Kufe geworfen, — dies ereignete sich einst, und man hat den Wein erlaubt.",
+ "Wenn Liner den Wein eines Heiden in Reinheit bereitet und ihn im Bereiche des Heiden lässt, in einem Hause, das zur öffentlichen Straße offen ist; so ist der Wein, falls in der Stadt Heiden und Israeliten wohnen, erlaubt; wohnen aber lauter Heiden darin, so ist er verboten, es sei denn, dass er einen Hüter dahin setzt. Es braucht aber der Hüter nicht [beständig] dabei zu sitzen und acht zu geben ; sondern wenn er auch nur aus- und eingeht, ist der Wein erlaubt. R. Simon, Sohn Eleasars, sagt: Es ist einerlei, welches Heiden Bereich es ist.",
+ "Wenn Einer den Wein eines Heiden in Reinheit bereitet und ihn in dessen Bereiche lässt, so ist, wenn dieser ihm schreibt: „Ich habe von Dir Geld empfangen !‟ der Wein erlaubt. Falls aber dieser, wenn der Israelit ihn herausnehmen will, es nicht zulässt, bis er ihm das Geld dafür gegeben, — dies ereignete sich einst in Bet-Schean, und die Weisen haben ihn verboten."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn Einer einen Arbeiter mietet, bei ihm an Nesech-Wein zu arbeiten, so ist sein Lohn verboten. Hat er ihn aber gemietet, bei ihm eine andere Arbeit zu verrichten, wenn er auch zu ihm gesagt hat: „Bringe mir ein Fass Nesech-Wein von einem Orte zum anderen.‟, so 1st sein Lohn erlaubt. Wenn Einer einen Esel mietet, darauf Nesech-Wein zu bringen, so ist der Lohn verboten. Hat er ihn aber gemietet, darauf zu sitzen; so ist, selbst wenn der Heide seine Flasche darauf gelegt hat, der Lohn erlaubt.",
+ "Wenn Nesech-Wein auf Trauben gefallen ist, so braucht man sie nur abzuwaschen, und sie sind erlaubt; waren sie aber aufgesprungen, so sind sie verboten. (Ist er auf Feigen oder DatteIn gefallen, so sind sie verboten, wenn sie einen Geschmack vom Weine erhalten haben.) Einst trug es sich zu, dass Boëthos, Sohn Sonins’, dürre Feigen zu Schiffe brachte und ein Fass Nesech-Wein zerbrach und darauf fiel; er befragte die Weisen, und sic erklärten sie für erlaubt. Folgendes ist die Regel: Wenn der beigegebene Geschmack ihm zum Vorteil gereicht, ist es verboten; gereicht aber der beigegebene Geschmack ihm nicht zum YorTeile, so ist es erlaubt, wie z. B. wenn Essig auf Graupen gefallen ist.",
+ "Wenn ein Heide mit einem Israeliten von einem Orte zum andern Krüge Wein bringt, so ist der Wein, wenn er als gehütet angesehen wird, erlaubt; wenn aber der Israelit ihm mitgeteilt hat, dass er sich entferne, [ist der Wein verboten], wenn die Zeit [der Entfernung] genügt, um anzubohren, [die gebohrte Öffnung wieder zu verstopfen und zu trocknen. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: [Die Zeit muss so viel sein], dass er [das Fass] aufspunden, wieder zuspunden , undes trocknen könne.",
+ "Wenn Einer seinen Wein auf einem Wagen oder einem Schiffe lässt und selbst einen kürzere Weg geht, oder in die Stadt geht und sich badet, so ist der Wein erlaubt. Hat er ihm aber mitgeteilt, dass er sich entferne, [so ist der Wein verboten] nach einer Zeit, die genügt, um anzubohren, zu verstopfen und zu trocknen. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Nach einer Zeit, die genügt, um aufzuspunden, zuzuspunden und zu trocknen. Wenn Einer einen Heiden in seinem Laden lässt, so ist sein Wein erlaubt, wenn er selbst auch nur ab und zu geht. Wenn er ihm aber mitgeteilt hat, dass er sich entferne, [so ist der Wein verboten] nach einer Zeit, die genügt, um anzubohren, zu verstopfen und zu trocknen. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Nach einer Zeit, die genügt, um aufzuspunden, zuzuspunden und zu trocknen.",
+ "Haben zwei von vier Brüdern zwei Schwestern geheiratet und es sterben die mit den Schwestern Verheirateten, so müssen letztere die Chaliza vollziehen und dürfen nicht in Leviratsehe genommen werden. Haben sie dieselben voreilig geehelicht, so müssen sie dieselben wieder entlassen. R. Elieser sagt: Nach Bet-Schammai dürfen sie dieselben behalten, und nach Bet-Hillel müssen sie dieselben entlassen.",
+ "Wenn eine Requisitions-Truppe in eine Stadt kommt und es ist Friedenszeit, so sind die offenen Fässer verboten, die verschlossenen erlaubt; ist aber Kriegszeit, so sind diese und jene erlaubt, weil dann keine Zeit ist Nesech-Wein zu machen.",
+ "Israelitische Handwerker, denen ein Heide ein Fass Nesech-Wein als Lohn schickt, dürfen zu ihm sagen : „gib uns stattdessen Geld!‟ Ist es aber schon in ihren Besitz gekommen, so ist dies verboten. Verkauft Jemand seinen Wein einem Heiden, so ist, wenn er den Preis bestimmt hat, bevor er ihn zugemessen, das dafür erhaltene Geld erlaubt. Hat er ihn aber zugemessen, bevor er den Preis bestimmt hatte, so ist das Geld verboten. Hat er den Trichter genommen und damit in die Flasche des Heiden eingemessen, und nachher hat er wieder in die Flasche eines Israeliten eingemessen, so ist, wenn im Trichter ein Überbleibsel vom Weine war, der Wein verboten. Wenn man [Wein]aus einem Gefäß in ein [anderes] Gefäß gießt, so ist das, wovon man abgegossen hat,. erlaubt; das aber, worin man eingegossen hat, verboten. ",
+ "Nesech-Wein ist verboten und macht verboten durch noch so Wenig. Wein unter Wein, Wasser unter Wasser [macht verboten] durch noch so Wenig. Wein unter Wasser oder Wasser unter Wein [macht nur verboten], wenn es einen Geschmack beigibt. Das ist die Regel: Eine Art [macht] Gleichartiges durch noch so Wenig, Ungleichartiges aber [nur] durch Beigeben eines Geschmackes [verboten].",
+ "Folgende Dinge sind verboten und machen verboten durch noch so Wenig: Nesech-Wein, Götzen, Felle von Tieren, denen das Herz ausgerissen worden, der zur Steinigung verurteilte Ochse, die Färse, der das Genick gebrochen wird, die Vögel des Aussätzigen, das Haar des Nasir, die Erstgeburt eines Esels, in Milch gekochtes Fleisch, der fortzuschickende Ziegenbock, und profane Tiere, welche im Tempelhofe geschlachtet worden, — alle diese sind verboten und machen verboten durch noch so Wenig.",
+ "Wenn Nesech-Wein in eine Weinkufe gefallen ist, so ist das Ganze zur Nutzung verboten. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Man verkaufe das Ganze an einen Heiden, mit Ausnahme des darin befindlichen Nesech-Weines.",
+ "Eine steinerne Kelter, die ein Heide verpicht hat, trockne man ab, und sie ist rein; Betreffs einer hölzernen sagt Rabbi: Man trockene sie ab. Die Weisen aber sagen: Man muss das Pech abschälen. Eine irdene [Kelter] ist, selbst wenn man das Pech abgeschält hat, verboten.",
+ "Kauft Einer Geschirr von einem Heiden, so muss er, was man unterzutauchen pflegt, untertauchen; was ausgekocht wird, auskochen; was man im Feuer ausglüht, ausglühen. Bratspieße und Roste muss man im Feuer ausglühen; ein Messer aber braucht man nur abzuschleifen und es ist rein."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6edc80395136ea2c7e06b286df9b6658a8c6ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "On the three days preceding the festivals of idolaters, it is forbidden to conduct business with them, to lend articles to them or borrow from them, to lend or borrow any money from them, to repay a debt, or receive repayment from them. Rabbi Judah says: we should receive repayment from them, as this can only depress them; But they [the Rabbis] said to him: even though it is depressing at the time, they are glad of it subsequently.",
+ "Rabbi Ishmael says on the three preceding days and the three following days it is forbidden; But the Sages say: before their festivities it is forbidden, but after their festivities it is permitted.",
+ "These are the festivities of the idolaters: Kalenda, Saturnalia, Kratesis, the anniversary of accession to the throne and birthdays and anniversaries of deaths, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: a death at which burning [of articles of the dead] takes place is attended by idolatry, but where there is not such burning there is no idolatry. But the day of shaving ones beard and lock of hair, or the day of landing after a sea voyage, or the day of release from prison, or if an idolater holds a banquet for his son the prohibition only applies to that day and that particular person.",
+ "When an idolatrous [festival] takes place within a city it is permitted [to conduct business with non-Jews] outside it. If the idolatrous [festival] takes place outside it, [business] is permitted within it. Is it permitted to go there? If the road leads solely to that place, it is forbidden; But if one can go by it to any other place, it is permitted. A city in which an idolatrous festival is taking place, some of its shops being decorated and some not decorated this was the case with Beth-Shean, and the Sages said: in the decorated stores it is forbidden [to buy] but in the undecorated ones it is permitted.",
+ "The following things are forbidden to be sold to idolaters: iztroblin, bnoth-shuah with their stems, frankincense, and a white rooster. Rabbi Judah says: it is permitted to sell a white rooster to an idolater among other roosters; but if it be by itself, one should clip its spur and then sell it to him, because a defective [animal] is not sacrificed to an idol. As for other things, if they are not specified their sale is permitted, but if specified it is forbidden. Rabbi Meir says: also a “good-palm”, hazab and niklivas are forbidden to be sold to idolaters.",
+ "In a place where it is the custom to sell small domesticated animals to non-Jews, such sale is permitted; but where the custom is not to sell, such sale is not permitted. In no place however is it permitted to sell large animals, calves or foals, whether whole or maimed. Rabbi Judah permits in the case of a maimed one. And Ben Bateira permits in the case of a horse.",
+ "One should not sell them bears, lions or anything which may injure the public. One should not join them in building a basilica, a scaffold, a stadium, or a platform. But one may join them in building public or private bathhouses. When however he reaches the cupola in which the idol is placed he must not build.",
+ "One should not make jewelry for an idol [such as] necklaces, ear-rings, or finger-rings. Rabbi Eliezer says, for payment it is permitted. One should not sell to idolaters a thing which is attached to the soil, but when cut down it may be sold. R. Judah says, one may sell it on condition that it be cut down. One should not let houses to them in the land of Israel; and it is not necessary to mention fields. In Syria houses may be let to them, but not fields. Outside of the land of Israel, houses may be sold and fields let to them, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: in the land of Israel, one may let to them houses but not fields; In Syria, we may sell them houses and let fields; Outside of the land of Israel, both may be sold.",
+ "Even in such a place where the letting of a house has been permitted, they did not say [that this was permitted if it was] for the purpose of a residence, since the idolater will bring idols into it; for it says, “you shall not bring an abomination into your house” (Deut. 7:26). In no place may one let a bath-house to an idolater, as it is called by the name of the owner."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One should not place animals in inns of non-Jews, because they are suspected of bestiality. A woman should not be alone with them, because they are suspected of licentiousness; Nor should a man be alone with them, because they are suspected of shedding blood. A Jewish woman should not act as midwife to a non-Jewish woman, because she would be delivering a child for idolatry. But a non-Jewish woman may act as midwife to a Jewish woman. A Jewish woman should not suckle the child of a non-Jewish woman, But a non-Jewish woman may suckle the child of a Jewish woman in her premises.",
+ "We may allow them to heal us when the healing relates to money, but not personal healing; Nor should we have our hair cut by them in any place, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages said: in a public place it is permitted, but not when the two persons are alone.",
+ "The following things belonging to non-Jews are forbidden [for Jews to use] and the prohibition extends to any benefit that may be derived from them: wine, or a non-Jew’s vinegar that was formerly wine, Hadrianic earthenware, skins pierced at the animal’s heart. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: when its tear is round, [the skin] is forbidden, but if oblong it is permitted. Meat which is being brought into a place of idol worship is permitted, but that which is brought out is forbidden, because it is like a sacrifice to the dead, this is the opinion of Rabbi Akiba. With non-Jews going on a pilgrimage [to worship idols] it is forbidden to have any business transactions, but with those returning it is permitted.",
+ "Skin-bottles or flasks of non-Jews in which wine of a Jew is kept are forbidden and the prohibition extends to any benefit that may be derived from them, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say that the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit. Grape seeds and grape-skins of non-Jews are forbidden, the prohibition extending to any benefit that may be derived from them, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say, when fresh they are forbidden but when dry they are permitted. Fish brine and Bithynian cheese of the non-Jews are forbidden, the prohibition extending to any benefit that may be derived from them, this is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say that the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit.",
+ "Rabbi Judah said: Rabbi Ishmael put this question to Rabbi Joshua as they were walking on the way, “Why have they forbidden the cheese of non-Jews?” He replied, because they curdle it with the rennet of a nevelah (an animal that was not properly slaughtered.” He (Rabbi Ishmael) said: “but is not the rennet of a burnt-offering more strictly forbidden than the rennet of a nevelah? [and yet] it was said that a priest who is not fastidious may suck it out raw.” (Though the Sages disagreed with this opinion, and they said that no benefit may be derived from it, although one who consumed it did not trespass [temple property). Rabbi Joshua responded: “The reason then is because they curdle it with the rennet from calves sacrificed to idols.” He (Rabbi Ishmael) said to him: “if that be so, why do they not extend the prohibition to any benefit derived from it?” He (Rabbi Joshua) diverted him to another matter, saying: “Ishmael, how do you read for your [masc.] love is more delightful than wine” or “your [fem.] love etc. (Song of Songs 1:2” He replied: “your [fem.] love is better …” He said to him: this is not so, as it is proved by its fellow [-verse]: your ointments [masc.] have a goodly fragrance … [therefore do the maidens love you] (Song of Songs 1:3).”",
+ "The following articles of non-Jews are prohibited but the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit from them: 1. milk which a non-Jew milked without an israelite watching him, 2. their bread and oil (Rabbi and his court permitted the oil) 3. stewed and pickled things into which they are accustomed to put wine or vinegar, 4. pickled herring which had been minced, 5. brine in which there is no kalbith-fish floating, 6. helek, 7. pieces of asa foetida 8. and sal-conditum. Behold these are prohibited but the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit from them.",
+ "The following are permitted to be eaten [by an israelite]:milk which a non-Jew milked with a Jew watching him; honey, grape-clusters even though these secrete moisture the law which renders food susceptible to defilement by a liquid does not apply to them preserves into which they are not accustomed to put wine or vinegar, pickled herring which has not been minced, brine containing fish, a leaf of asafoetida, and rolled olive-cakes. Rabbi Yose says: those olives having pits ready to drop out are prohibited. Locusts which come out of [a shopkeeper’s] basket are prohibited, but if from storage they are permitted. The same rule applies to terumah."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All images are prohibited because they are worshipped once a year, according to the opinion of Rabbi Meir; But the Sages say: [an image] is not prohibited except one that has a staff or bird or orb in its hand. Rabban Shimon b. Gamaliel says: any [image] which has anything in its hand [is prohibited].",
+ "One who finds fragments of images, behold they are permitted. If one found the figure of a hand or the figure of a foot, behold it is prohibited because such an object is worshipped.",
+ "If one finds utensils upon which is the figure of the sun or moon or a dragon, he casts them into the Dead Sea. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if [one of these figures] is upon precious utensils they are prohibited, but if upon common utensils they are permitted. Rabbi Yose says: he may grind [an idol] to powder and scatter it to the wind or throw it into the sea. They said to him, even so it may then become manure, as it says, “let nothing that has been proscribed stick to your hand (Deuteronomy 13:18)”.",
+ "Proclos, son of a plosphos, asked Rabban Gamaliel in Acco when the latter was bathing in the bathhouse of aphrodite. He said to him, “It is written in your torah, ‘let nothing that has been proscribed stick to your hand (Deuteronomy 13:18)’; why are you bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite?” He replied to him, “We do not answer [questions relating to torah] in a bathhouse.” When he came out, he said to him, “I did not come into her domain, she has come into mine. People do not say, ‘the bath was made as an adornment for Aphrodite’; rather they say, ‘Aphrodite was made as an adornment for the bath.’ Another reason is, even if you were given a large sum of money, you would not enter the presence of your idol while you were nude or had experienced seminal emission, nor would you urinate before it. But this [statue of Aphrodite] stands by a sewer and all people urinate before it. [In the torah] it is only stated, “their gods” (Deuteronomy 12:3) what is treated as a god is prohibited, what is not treated as a deity is permitted.",
+ "If idolaters worship mountains and hills these are permitted; but what is upon them is prohibited, as it is says, “you shall not covet the silver or the gold that is on them and take them” (Deut. 7:25). Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: [it says] “their gods on the mountains” (Deut. 12:, not their mountains which are their gods; “their gods on the hills” (ibid.), not their hills which are their gods. And why is an asherah prohibited? Because there was manual labour connected with it, and whatever has manual labour connected with it is prohibited. Rabbi Akiba said: let me expound and decide [the interpretation] before you: wherever you find a high mountain or elevated hill or green tree, know that an idolatrous object is there.",
+ "If [a Jew] has a house next to an idolatrous shrine and it collapsed, he is forbidden to rebuild it. What should he do? He withdraws a distance of four cubits into his own ground and build there. [If the wall] belonged both to him and the shrine, it is judged as being half and half. Its stones, timber and rubbish defile like a creeping thing, as it says, “you shall utterly detest it” (Deut. 7:26). ] Rabbi Akiba says: [it defiles] like a menstruous woman, as it says, “[and you will treat as unclean the silver overlay of your images and the golden plating of your idols]. You will cast them away like a menstruous woman. Out, you will call to them” (Isaiah 30:22), just as a menstruous woman impurifies [an object] by carrying it, so also an idolatrous object defiles by its being carried.",
+ "There are three types of shrines: A shrine originally built for idolatrous worship behold this is prohibited. If one plastered and tiled [an ordinary house] for idolatry and renovated it, one may remove the renovations. If he had only brought an idol into it and taken it out again, [the house] is permitted. There are three kinds of [idolatrous] stones: A stone which a man hewed originally to serve as a pedestal [for an idol] behold this is prohibited. If one plastered and tiled [a stone] for idolatry, one may remove the plaster and tile, and it is then permitted. If he set an idol upon it and took it off, behold [the stone] is permitted. There are three kinds of asherah: a tree which has originally been planted for idolatry behold this is prohibited. If he chopped and trimmed [a tree] for idolatry, and its sprouted afresh, he removes the new growth. If he only set [an idol] under it and took it away, behold the tree is permitted. What is an asherah? Any [tree] beneath which there is an idol. Rabbi Shimon says: any [tree] which is worshipped. It happened at Sidon that there was a tree which was worshipped and they found a heap of stones beneath it. Rabbi Shimon said to them, “examine this heap.” They examined it and discovered an image in it. He said to them, “since it is the image that they worship, we permit the tree for you.”",
+ "One may not sit in its shadow, but if he sat he is pure. Nor may he pass beneath it, and if he passed he is impure. If it encroaches upon the public road and he passed beneath he is pure. They may sow vegetables beneath it in winter but not in summer, and lettuce neither in summer nor winter. Rabbi Jose says: even vegetables [may not be planted] in winter because the foliage falls upon them and becomes manure for them.",
+ "If one took pieces of wood from it [the asherah tree], they are forbidden to be used. If he heated an oven with them if it was new it must be broken to pieces; if it was old, it must be allowed to cool. If he baked bread [in an oven heated with wood from an asherah], it is forbidden to be used, and if [the loaf] became mixed with other loaves, they are all prohibited. Rabbi Eliezer says: let him cast the advantage [he derives] into the Dead Sea. They said to him: there is no process of redemption for an idol. If one took [a piece of wood] from it [to use as] a shuttle, it is forbidden to be used. If he wove a garment with it, it is forbidden to be used. If [the garment) became mixed with others, and these with others, they are all forbidden to be used. Rabbi Eliezer says: let him cast the advantage [he derives] into the Dead Sea. They said to him: there is no process of redemption for an idol.",
+ "How does one annul [an asherah]? If [a pagan] pruned or trimmed it, removing from it a stick or twig or even a leaf, behold it is annulled. If he smoothed it out for its own sake, it is prohibited; but if not for its own sake, it is permitted."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Ishmael says: if three stones are lying side by side next to a merculis, they are prohibited; if there are two they are permitted. The sages say: if [the stones] are seen to be connected with it they are prohibited, but if they do not appear to be connected with it they are permitted.",
+ "If he found on top [of a mercurius] a coins or a garment or utensils behold these are permitted; [But if he found] grape-clusters, wreaths of grain, [gifts of] wine, oil or fine flour, or anything resembling what is offered upon the altar, such is prohibited.",
+ "If an idolatrous shrine has a garden or bathhouse, one may use either so long as it is not to the advantage [of the idolaters], But one may not use either if it is to its advantage. If [the garden or bathhouse] belonged jointly to it and to others, one may use them whether it be to the advantage [of idolatry] or not.",
+ "The idol of an idolater is prohibited immediately; but if it belonged to a Jew it is not prohibited until it is worshipped. An idolater can annul an idol belonging to himself or to another idolater, but a Jew cannot annul the idol of an idolater. He who annuls an idol annuls the things that pertain to it. If he only annulled the things that pertain to it these are permitted but the idol itself is prohibited.",
+ "How does he annul it? If he cut off the tip of its ear, the tip of its nose, or the tip of its finger; or if he defaced it, although there was no reduction in the mass of the material, he has annulled it. If he spat before it, urinated before it, dragged it [in the dust] or hurled excrement at it, behold it is not annulled. If he sold or gave it as a pledge, Rabbi says that he has annulled it, but the sages say that he has not annulled it.",
+ "An idol which its worshippers abandoned in time of peace is permitted, in time of war it is prohibited. Pedestals of kings are permitted because they set them up at the time the kings pass by.",
+ "They asked the elders in Rome, “If [your God] has no desire for idolatry, why does he not abolish it?” They replied, “If it was something unnecessary to the world that was worshipped, he would abolish it; but people worship the sun, moon, stars and planets; should he destroy his universe on account of fools!” They said [to the elders], “If so, he should destroy what is unnecessary for the world and leave what is necessary for the world!” They replied, “[If he did that], we should merely be strengthening the hands of the worshippers of these, because they would say, “know that these are deities, for behold they have not been abolished!”",
+ "A winepress [containing] trodden [grapes] may be purchased from a non-Jew even though it was he that lifted [the trodden grapes] with his hand and put them among the heap. And [the juice] does not become yen nesek (wine assumed to have been used as a libation) until it descends into the vat. When it has descended into the vat, what is in the vat is prohibited; But the remainder is permitted.",
+ "A Jew may tread the winepress together with a non-Jew but may not pick grapes with him. If an israelite was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither tread nor pick with him, but one may move [empty] casks with him to the press and carry them [filled] with him from the press. If a baker was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither knead nor roll dough with him but we may carry loaves with him to the bakery.",
+ "If a non-Jew was found standing by the side of a vat of wine, if he had loaned money to the Jew, then [the wine] is prohibited; but should he not have loaned money to the Jew, then it is permitted. If [a non-Jew] fell into a vat and climbed out, or measured it with a reed, or flicked out a hornet with a reed, or tapped on the top of a frothing cask All of these things actually happened, and [the Rabbis] said that the wine may be sold, but Rabbi Shimon permits it [even to be drunk]. If [a non-Jew] took a cask, and in his anger threw it into the vat this actually happened and [the Rabbis] declared it fit [for drinking].",
+ "If [an Jew] prepares a non-Jew's wine in a state of ritual purity and leaves it in [the non-Jew’s] domain, in a house which is open to the public domain, should it be in a city where non-Jews and Jews reside, it is permitted. But should it be in a city where only non-Jews reside it is prohibited unless [an Jew] sits and guard. There is no need for the guard to sit and watch [the whole time]; even if he keeps going out and coming in it is permitted. Rabbi Shimon ben Eleazar says: it is all one with the domain of a non-Jew.",
+ "If [a Jew] prepares a non-Jew’s wine in a state of ritual purity and leaves it in [the non-Jew’s] domain, and the [non-Jew] writes for him “I have received the money from you,” then [the wine] is permitted. If, however, the Jew wished to remove it and [the non-Jew] refuses to let it go until he paid him this actually happened in Beth-Shan and [the Rabbis] prohibited it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If [a non-Jew] hires [a Jewish] workman to assist him in [the transportation of] yen nesekh, his wage is prohibited. If he hired him to assist him in another kind of work, even if he says to him, \"remove for me a cask of yen nesekh from this place to that,\" his wage is permitted. If he hired [a Jew's] donkey to carry yen nesekh, its wages are prohibited; But if he hired it to sit upon, even though the non-Jew rested his jar [of yen nesekh] upon it, its wages are permitted.",
+ "If yen nesekh fell upon grapes, one may rinse them and they are permitted, but if they were split they are prohibited. If it fell upon figs or upon dates, should there be in them [sufficient wine] to impart a flavor, they are prohibited. It happened with Boethus ben Zpnin that he carried dried figs in a ship and a cask of yen nesekh was broken and it fell upon them; and he consulted the Sages who declared them permitted. This is the general rule: whatever derives advantage [from yen nesekh by its] imparting a flavor is prohibited, but whatever does not derive advantage [from yen nesekh by its] imparting a flavor is permitted, as, for example vinegar which fell upon split beans.",
+ "If a non-Jew was transporting jars of wine together with a Jew from place to place, and it was presumed that [the wine] was under guard, it is permitted. But if [the Jew] informed him that he was going away [and he was absent a length of time] sufficient for the other to bore a hole [in a jar], stop it up and [the sealing clay] to become dry, [the wine is prohibited]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [a length of time] sufficient for him to open a cask, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry.",
+ "If [a Jew] left his wine in a wagon or on a ship while he went along a short cut, entered a town and bathed, it is permitted. But if [the Jew] informed him that he was going away [and he was absent a length of time] sufficient for the other to bore a hole [in a jar], stop it up and [the sealing clay] to become dry, [the wine is prohibited]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [a length of time] sufficient for him to open a cask, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry. If [a Jew] left a non-Jew in his shop, although he kept going in and out, [the wine there] is permitted. But if [the Jew] informed him that he was going away [and he was absent a length of time] sufficient for the other to bore a hole [in a jar], stop it up and [the sealing clay] to become dry, [the wine is prohibited]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [a length of time] sufficient for him to open a cask, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry.",
+ "If [a Jew] was eating with [a non-Jew] at a table and set some flasks upon the table and others upon a side-table and leaving them there went out, what is upon the table is prohibited and what is upon the side-table is permitted. And should he have said to him, “mix [some of the wine with water] and drink,” even what is upon the side-table is prohibited. Opened casks are prohibited, and the closed ones are permitted [except when he was absent a length of time] sufficient for [the non-Jew] to open it, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry.",
+ "If a band of non-Jewish marauders entered a city in a time of peace, the open casks are prohibited and the sealed are permitted; In a time of war both are permitted because they do not have the leisure to offer libations.",
+ "If a non-Jew sent to Jewish craftsmen a cask of yen nesekh as their wages, they are allowed to say to him, “give us its value in money”; But after [the wine] has come into their possession [the exchange] is prohibited. If [a Jew] sells his wine to a non-Jew, should he have set the price before he measured it out, the purchase-money is permitted; But should he have measured it out before he set the price, the purchase-money is prohibited. If [a Jew] took a funnel and measured [wine] into a non-Jew’s flask and then measured some into a Jew’s flask, should a drop of the [first] wine have remained [in the funnel], then [the wine measured into the second flask] is prohibited. If he poured from [his own] vessel into [a non-Jew’s] vessel, [the wine in the vessel] from which he poured is permitted and [the wine in the vessel] into which he poured is prohibited.",
+ "Yen nesekh is prohibited and renders [other wine] prohibited by the smallest quantity. Wine [mixed] with wine and water with water [prohibits] by the smallest quantity. Wine [mixed] with water and water with wine [disqualifies when the prohibited element] imparts a flavor. This is the general rule: with the same type [the mixture is disqualified] by the smallest quantity, but with a different type [it is disqualified when the prohibited element] imparts a flavor.",
+ "The following are prohibited and render prohibited by the smallest quantity:[a cask of] yen nesekh; an idolatrous object; skins of animals which have holes over the heart; an ox which has been sentenced to be stoned; a heifer whose neck was broken; birds brought as an offering by a leper; the hair-offering of a nazirite; the first born of a donkey; meat cooked in milk; the scapegoat; and non-consecrated animals slaughtered in the Temple court. Behold these are prohibited and render prohibited by the smallest quantity.",
+ "If yen nesekh fell into a vat, the whole of it is prohibited for use. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: the whole of it may be sold to non-Jews with the exception of [a quantity corresponding to] the value of the yen nesekh in it.",
+ "If a non-Jew covered a stone wine press with pitch it may be scoured and is then clean; But if it was of wood, Rabbi says that it may be scoured and the Sages say that he must peel off the pitch. If it was of earthenware, even though he peeled off the pitch it is prohibited.",
+ "If [a Jew] purchases cooking-utensils from a non-Jew, those which are customarily used with cold liquids, he must immerse; Those which are customarily used with hot liquids, he must be dip in boiling water; Those which are customarily made white-hot in the fire, he must make white-hot in the fire. A spit and grill must be made white-hot, But a knife may be polished and is then ritually clean."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Open Mishnah.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Open Mishnah.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4306444ca6c5dfc5b7be9ef26c3ebe144eeb2f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Open Mishnah.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah",
+ "versionTitle": "Open Mishnah",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY-SA",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה פתוחה",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "During the three days preceding the festivals of the non-Jews, it is forbidden to do business with them, to lend them something or to borrow something from them, to lend [money] to them or to borrow [money] from them, to resolve your debt to them or to have them resolve their debt to you. Rabbi Yehuda says: One can have them resolve their debt since it causes him distress. They [the Sages] said to him: even though he might be in distress at the outset, eventually he will be joyful.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: [the above] is forbidden for three days before the festivals and three days after the festivals. The Sages say: before the festivals it is forbidden, after the festivals it is permitted.",
+ "And these, according to Rabbi Meir, are the festivals of the non-Jews: Kalendae, Saturnalia, Kratesim, kings' days of accession, the day of birth, and the day of death. And the Sages say: every funeral in which a conflagration is present [thereby] involves idol worship. One that has no conflagration does not involve idol worship. [A celebration of] the day on which a [non-Jewish] man cuts his beard or his hair, the day that he came ashore from the sea, and the day he was released from prison, and a pagan who made a feast for his son, [for all these] the prohibition extends only to that day and that man alone.",
+ "It is permitted [to do business, etc.] outside of a city that has idolatry within it. If there is idolatry outside the city, it is permitted [to do business, etc.] within the city. Is one permitted to travel to such a place [on the days of their festivals]? If the road leads to this place alone, it is forbidden; but if one can walk along this road to another location, it is permitted. Regarding a city which has idolatry within it, and has both ornamented and un-ornamented shop fronts, this was the case in Beit Sh'an, and [there] the Sages said: The ornamented shops are forbidden and those shops without ornamentation are permitted.",
+ "It is forbidden to sell the following items to non-Jews: pine-cones, white figs and their stalks, frankincense, and white chickens. Rabbi Yehuda says: one is permitted to sell them a white chicken amongst a group of chickens; and if it is alone he must clip its toe and sell it, since they do not sacrifice blemished animals for idolatry. As for all remaining items, if [their intention was] not specified one is permitted [to sell them], but if specified, it is forbidden. Rabbi Meir says: fine palm dates, sweet dates, and the Nikolaos dates are also forbidden to be sold to non-Jews.",
+ "In a place in which it is customary to sell small livestock to non-Jews, one may sell. In a place in which it is customary not to sell, one may not sell. And in all places it is forbidden to sell them large livestock, calves or foals, healthy or broken. Rabbi Yehuda permits in the case of a broken one. Ben Beterah permits in the case of a horse.",
+ "One may not sell to them bears, lions, or anything that may cause harm to the public. One cannot build with them a basilica, a gallows, a stadium, or a dais. But one can build with them public bathhouses, as well as [private] bathhouses. [In the building process,] when they reach the arched chamber in which they erect an object of idolatry, it is forbidden to [help] build.",
+ "One may not make jewelry for purposes of idolatry: necklaces, nose rings, or rings. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is permissible to do so for a salary. One may not sell them produce that is connected to the ground. But it may be sold once it is picked. Rabbi Yehuda says: One may sell [unpicked produce] with an agreement that it will be picked. One may not rent them houses in the Land of Israel, and we need not even mention fields [which are certainly forbidden to rent]; and in Syria [conquered land North of Israel, treated like Israel only with regard to some laws], one may rent them houses, but not fields; and outside of the Land one may sell them houses and rent them fields; these are words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei says: In the Land of Israel it is permitted to rent them houses but not fields; and in Syria it is permitted to sell them houses and rent them fields; and outside of the Land, one may sell them either one.",
+ "Even in the cases in which they permitted renting out [to a non-Jew], they did not say this regarding permanent residence, for he will bring an idol into it, as it is said (Devarim 7:26): You shall not bring an abomination into your house. And one is always forbidden to rent him a [private] bathhouse, because it will still be called by his [the Jew's] name."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One should not leave cattle in the inns of non-Jews, for they are suspect regarding bestiality. A woman should not be alone with them for they are suspect regarding fornication. A man should not be alone with them, for they are suspect regarding the spilling of blood. A Jewess should not be a midwife to a non-Jewish woman, for she is birthing one for [a life of] idolatry. But a non-Jewish woman may be a midwife to a Jewess. A Jewess may not suckle a child of a non-Jewish woman, but a non-Jewish woman may suckle the child of a Jewess, within her domain.",
+ "One may accept their [non-Jew's] healing for one's property, but not healing for people. And one should not have one's hair cut by them under any circumstances, according to Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say: It is permitted [to have a non-Jew cut a Jew's hair] in public domains, but not amongst the two of them [alone].",
+ "These are the items of non-Jews which are prohibited, and their prohibition is on deriving any benefit from them at all: wine, the vinegar of non-Jews which began as wine, Hadrianic earthenware, and hides that were pierced at the heart. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says: If [the hole is] round then it is prohibited, but if it is stretched it is allowed. Meat that is entering [a place of] idolatry is allowed, but leaving, it is prohibited, because it is like sacrifices of the dead, according to Rabbi Akiva. Those who are going on an idolatrous pilgrimage, it is prohibited to do business with them, but with those who are coming back, it is permitted.",
+ "The water-skins of non-Jews and their containers which contain a Jew's wine within them, they are prohibited and it is prohibited to derive any benefit from them, according to Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: Their prohibition is not against deriving benefit from them. The grape pits and grape skins of non-Jews are prohibited and it is prohibited to derive any benefit from them, according to Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: If they are moist, they are prohibited, if dry, they are permitted. The fish-brine and Bithynian cheese of non-Jews are prohibited and it is prohibited to derive any benefit from them, according to Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: Their prohibition is not against deriving benefit from them.",
+ "Rabbi Yehuda says: Rabbi Ishmael asked Rabbi Yehoshua [a question] as they were walking along the road. He said to him, \"What is the cause for the prohibition against the cheese of non-Jews?\" He said to him, \"Because they curdle it inside the stomach of carrion.\" He said to him, \"But is not [the law regarding] the stomach of a burnt offering more stringent than the stomach of carrion?! And they [the Sages] said: [It was proposed that] a priest with a good disposition may burn [a burnt offering after sucking out the fat from its stomach] while it it still raw [and has not yet been burnt with the offering, which would forbid one form deriving any benefit from it]. And they [the sages] did not agree with him [who proposed this opinion], but they said: One may not derive benefit [from the fats of the stomach], nor is one [who does so] liable for meilah [deriving prohibited benefit from from a sanctified object].\" [Implying that one should therefore not be liable for the less stringent case of a stomach of carrion.] He [Rabbi Yehoshua] retracted, and [instead] said, \"Because they curdle it in the stomachs of calves that were used for idolatry.\" And he [Rabbi Ishmael] said, \"If so, why is there no prohibition to benefit from it?\" He [Rabbi Yehoshua] redirected him to another topic. He said to him, \"Ishmael, my brother, how do you read (Shir HaShirim 1): 'For dodechah [Heb. masc: \"your love\"] is better than wine,' or 'For dodayich [Heb. fem: \"your love\") is better than wine'? He said to him:, \"'For dodayich is better than wine.'\" He said to him, \"The matter is not so. For its fellow [the following verse] teaches about it: 'For the fragrance of shemaneikha [Heb. masc: \"your oils\"] is good.'\"",
+ "These are the items of non-Jews that are prohibited, yet their prohibition is not against deriving benefit from them: milk that was milked by a non-Jew without a Jew watching, and [their] bread, and their oil [although] Rabbi and his court permitted [their] oil, and stewed vegetables, and pickled vegetables to which it is their custom to add wine and vinegar, and minced fish, and fish-brine that does not have kilbit [a kind of small fish] floating in it, and the chilaq fish, and a [cut] piece of asafoetida, and seasoned salt, all of these [items of non-Jews] are prohibited yet their prohibition is not against deriving any benefit from them.",
+ "The following are permitted to be eaten: milk that was milked by a non-Jew with a Jew watching, and honey, and bunches of grapes [alt. honeycombs], even though they drip they are not considered primed [for impurity] by a liquid, and pickled vegetables to which it is not their custom to add wine and vinegar, and fish that is not minced, and brine that has fish in it, and [whole] asafoetida leaves, and rolls of [heated] olives. Rabbi Yose says: the [olives that became] very soft are forbidden. Locusts that come from the [shopkeeper's] basket are prohibited, from but those from the stock-room are allowed, and so too regarding the priestly tithe."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All images are prohibited, because each one is worshiped once a year, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: Only that which has in its hand a stick, or a bird, or an orb is prohibited. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Any that has anything in its hand [is prohibited].",
+ "If one finds shards of an image, these are permitted. If one finds the form of a hand or the form of a foot, these are prohibited, because equivalent ones are worshiped.",
+ "If one finds vessels with a drawing upon it of the sun, or a drawing of the moon, or a drawing of a dragon, he should bring them to the Salt Sea [to dispose of them there]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Those upon those [vessels] which are treated with honor are forbidden; those upon those [vessels] treated disrespectfully are permitted. Rabbi Yose says: One should grind [the vessel with the drawing] and disperse it to the wind or cast it into the sea. They [the Sages] said to him: Even that might become fertilizer, as it is said (Devarim/Deuteronomy 13:18): \"And let nothing of the condemned cling to your hand.\"",
+ "Proklos son of Plosfos asked Rabban Gamliel [a question] in Akko, while he was bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite. He said to him: \"It is written in your Torah (Deuteronomy 13:18): 'And let none of the condemned cling to your hand;' why then are you bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite? He said to him: one does not respond [to halakhic questions] in the bathhouse. When he left, he said to him: \"I did not come into her territory; she came into my territory. They did not say [when they built this bathhouse]: 'Let us make a beautiful bathhouse for Aphrodite.' Rather, they said: 'Let us make Aphrodite for the beauty of the bathhouse.' Another reason: [even] if they gave you a lot of money, you would not enter before your idolatry naked and defiled and urinating in front of it. Yet she stands on the sewer pipe and the entire nation urinates in front of her. The verse (Deuteronomy 12:3) only applies to \"their gods;\" that which he treats like a god is prohibited, and that which he does not treat like a god is permitted.\"",
+ "Non-Jews who worship the mountains and hills, they [the mountains and hills themselves] are permitted, but that which is upon them is forbidden, as it says (Deuteronomy 7:25): You shall not covet the gold and silver that is upon them and take it. Rabbi Yose the Galilean said (Deuteronomy 12:2): \"Their gods upon the mountains,\" but the mountains are not their gods; their gods \"upon the hills,\" but the hills are not their gods. And why are Asherah trees forbidden? Because humans hands were involved in [planting] them, and any [idolatrous] thing that human hands were involved in is forbidden. Rabbi Akiva said: I will expound [the verse] and rule before you, everywhere that you find a tall mountain, a raised hill, or a verdant tree know that there is idol worship there.",
+ "One whose house abuts [a house of] idolatry, and [his own house] collapses, it is prohibited to rebuild it. How should he proceed? He should gather it four cubits into his own [space] and build. If it [the wall that collapsed] belonged both to him and to the [house of] idolatry, the [respective] law applies to each half [and only his own half may be rebuilt]. The stones, wood, and dust [of a house of idolatry] have a ritual impurity like that of vermin [i.e. through contact], as it says (Deuteronomy 7:26): You shall utterly detest it. Rabbi Akiva says: like that of a menstruating woman, as it says (Isaiah 30:22): \"You will banish them like a menstruating woman. ‘Get out!’ you will say to it.” Just as a menstruating woman renders objects impure through carrying, so too does idol worship render objects impure through carrying.",
+ "There are three [types of] houses. A house that is initially built for idolatry: this is prohibited. If it was painted and the molding was put in for idolatry, or if it was renewed [for idolatry], what is new is removed [and the rest is permitted]. If idols are brought inside and removed: this [house] is permitted. There are three [types of] stones. A stone initially hewed to be a pedestal [for an idol]: this is prohibited. If it was painted or molded for idolatry, or renewed [for idolatry], what is new is removed. If an idol was erected on top of it and removed: this [stone] is permitted. There are three [types of] asherot. A tree initially planted for idolatry: this is prohibited. If it was pruned and trimmed for idolatry and it sprouted, the new growth is removed. If an idol is erected under it and taken away: this [tree] is permitted. What is an asherah? Every [tree] that has idolatry below it. Rabbi Shimon says: Every [tree] that is worshiped. It happened in Tzidon, regarding a tree that was worshiped, that they found below it a pile of stones. Rabbi Shimon said to them: \"Examine this pile.\" They examined it and found an image. He said to them: \"Because the image is what was worshiped, we shall permit the tree for them.\"",
+ "One should not sit in its shade, but if one did sit he is pure. One should not pass beneath it, and if one did pass he is impure. If it encroaches on the public [domain], one who passes beneath it is pure. Vegetables may be sown beneath it in the rainy season but not in the sunny season. Lettuces may [be sown there] neither in the sunny season nor in the rainy season. Rabbi Yose says: Not even vegetables in the rainy season, because the leaves [of the ashera] fall on them and become fertilizer.",
+ "If one took some wood from it, it is prohibited for benefit. If one stoked the oven with it: if [the oven] is new, it must be shattered; if old, it must be cooled. If one baked bread in it, it is prohibited for benefit. If [the bread] became mixed up with others, they are all prohibited for benefit. Rabbi Eliezer said: Let him cast [a sum equivalent to the worth of their] benefit into the Dead Sea! They said to him: There is no redemption when it comes to idolatry. If one took wood from it for a loom, it is prohibited for benefit. If he wove a garment with it, the garment is prohibited for benefit. If that garment became mixed up with others, and then those others became mixed up with others, they are all prohibited for benefit. Rabbi Eliezer said: Let him cast [a sum equivalent to the worth of their] benefit into the Dead Sea! They said to him: There is no redemption when it comes to idolatry.",
+ "How does one annul [the idolatrous status of an asherah]? If one trims or prunes, removes a branch or a stick, or even a leaf, it is annulled. If [after picking from it] one smooths it over for its tree's [aesthetic] sake, it is prohibited, but if not for its sake, then it is permitted."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef1a9c53d298cf75dbb81256a508dde1989e3908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [],
+ [],
+ [
+ "All images are prohibited, because each one is worshiped once a year, according to Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: Only that which has in its hand a stick, or a bird, or an orb is prohibited. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Any that has anything in its hand [is prohibited].",
+ "If one finds shards of an image, these are permitted. If one finds the form of a hand or the form of a foot, these are prohibited, because equivalent ones are worshiped.",
+ "If one finds vessels with a drawing upon it of the sun, or a drawing of the moon, or a drawing of a dragon, he should bring them to the Salt Sea [to dispose of them there]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Those upon those [vessels] which are treated with honor are forbidden; those upon those [vessels] treated disrespectfully are permitted. Rabbi Yose says: One should grind [the vessel with the drawing] and disperse it to the wind or cast it into the sea. They [the Sages] said to him: Even that might become fertilizer, as it is said (Devarim/Deuteronomy 13:18): \"And let nothing of the condemned cling to your hand.\"",
+ "Proklos son of Plosfos asked Rabban Gamliel [a question] in Akko, while he was bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite. He said to him: \"It is written in your Torah (Deuteronomy 13:18): 'And let none of the condemned cling to your hand;' why then are you bathing in the bathhouse of Aphrodite? He said to him: one does not respond [to halakhic questions] in the bathhouse. When he left, he said to him: \"I did not come into her territory; she came into my territory. They did not say [when they built this bathhouse]: 'Let us make a beautiful bathhouse for Aphrodite.' Rather, they said: 'Let us make Aphrodite for the beauty of the bathhouse.' Another reason: [even] if they gave you a lot of money, you would not enter before your idolatry naked and defiled and urinating in front of it. Yet she stands on the sewer pipe and the entire nation urinates in front of her. The verse (Deuteronomy 12:3) only applies to \"their gods;\" that which he treats like a god is prohibited, and that which he does not treat like a god is permitted.\"",
+ "Non-Jews who worship the mountains and hills, they [the mountains and hills themselves] are permitted, but that which is upon them is forbidden, as it says (Deuteronomy 7:25): You shall not covet the gold and silver that is upon them and take it. Rabbi Yose the Galilean said (Deuteronomy 12:2): \"Their gods upon the mountains,\" but the mountains are not their gods; their gods \"upon the hills,\" but the hills are not their gods. And why are Asherah trees forbidden? Because humans hands were involved in [planting] them, and any [idolatrous] thing that human hands were involved in is forbidden. Rabbi Akiva said: I will expound [the verse] and rule before you, everywhere that you find a tall mountain, a raised hill, or a verdant tree know that there is idol worship there.",
+ "One whose house abuts [a house of] idolatry, and [his own house] collapses, it is prohibited to rebuild it. How should he proceed? He should gather it four cubits into his own [space] and build. If it [the wall that collapsed] belonged both to him and to the [house of] idolatry, the [respective] law applies to each half [and only his own half may be rebuilt]. The stones, wood, and dust [of a house of idolatry] have a ritual impurity like that of vermin [i.e. through contact], as it says (Deuteronomy 7:26): You shall utterly detest it. Rabbi Akiva says: like that of a menstruating woman, as it says (Isaiah 30:22): \"You will banish them like a menstruating woman. ‘Get out!’ you will say to it.” Just as a menstruating woman renders objects impure through carrying, so too does idol worship render objects impure through carrying.",
+ "There are three [types of] houses. A house that is initially built for idolatry: this is prohibited. If it was painted and the molding was put in for idolatry, or if it was renewed [for idolatry], what is new is removed [and the rest is permitted]. If idols are brought inside and removed: this [house] is permitted. There are three [types of] stones. A stone initially hewed to be a pedestal [for an idol]: this is prohibited. If it was painted or molded for idolatry, or renewed [for idolatry], what is new is removed. If an idol was erected on top of it and removed: this [stone] is permitted. There are three [types of] asheras. A tree initially planted for idolatry: this is prohibited. If it was pruned and trimmed for idolatry and it sprouted, the new growth is removed. If an idol is erected under it and taken away: this [tree] is permitted. What is an asherah? Every [tree] that has idolatry below it. Rabbi Shimon says: Every [tree] that is worshiped. It happened in Tzidon, regarding a tree that was worshiped, that they found below it a pile of stones. Rabbi Shimon said to them: \"Examine this pile.\" They examined it and found an image. He said to them: \"Because the image is what was worshiped, we shall permit the tree for them.\"",
+ "One should not sit in its shade, but if one did sit he is pure. One should not pass beneath it, and if one did pass he is impure. If it encroaches on the public [domain], one who passes beneath it is pure. Vegetables may be sown beneath it in the rainy season but not in the sunny season. Lettuces may [be sown there] neither in the sunny season nor in the rainy season. Rabbi Yose says: Not even vegetables in the rainy season, because the leaves [of the ashera] fall on them and become fertilizer.",
+ "If one took some wood from it, it is prohibited for benefit. If one stoked the oven with it: if [the oven] is new, it must be shattered; if old, it must be cooled. If one baked bread in it, it is prohibited for benefit. If [the bread] became mixed up with others, they are all prohibited for benefit. Rabbi Eliezer said: Let him cast [a sum equivalent to the worth of their] benefit into the Dead Sea! They said to him: There is no redemption when it comes to idolatry. If one took wood from it for a loom, it is prohibited for benefit. If he wove a garment with it, the garment is prohibited for benefit. If that garment became mixed up with others, and then those others became became mixed up with others, they are all prohibited for benefit. Rabbi Eliezer said: Let him cast [a sum equivalent to the worth of their] benefit into the Dead Sea! They said to him: There is no redemption when it comes to idolatry.",
+ "How does one annul [the idolatrous status of an ashera]? If one trims or prunes, removes a branch or a stick, or even a leaf, it is annulled. If [after picking from it] one smooths it over for its tree's [aesthetic] sake, it is prohibited, but if not for its sake, then it is permitted."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: Three stones side by side beside a Markulis [an idol worshiped by placing stones beside it] are prohibited; two [stones] are permitted. And the Sages say: Those that appear to be with it [and which may have fallen from idol] are prohibited, but those that do not appear to be with it are permitted.",
+ "If one found on its [the idol's] head money, clothing, or vessels, these are permitted. [If one found there] grape vines, crowns of wheat stalks, wines and oil, or flours, or any type of thing which is brought on the alter, they are prohibited.",
+ "An idol that had a garden or a bath house, one can benefit from it without giving payment in return, but one cannot benefit from it if one gives payment in return. If it belonged to an idol and to others, one can benefit from them regardless of whether or not one gives payment in return.",
+ "The idol of a non-Jew is automatically prohibited [for benefit]. One belonging to a Jew, is not prohibited until it is worshiped. A non-Jew can nullify his idol and his friend's, but a Jew cannot nullify the idol of a non-Jew. One who nullifies an idol also nullifies its accouterments. If he nullified its accouterments, the accouterments are permitted, but it [the idol] is prohibited.",
+ "How does one nullify [an idol]? If he cut off the tip of its ear, the tip of its nose, the tip of a finger, or if he dented it even though he did not diminish it, he has nullified it. If he spat before it, urinated before it, dragged it, or threw excrement at it, it is not nullified. If he sold it or used it as collateral, Rebbi says: He has nullified it. But the sages say: He has not nullified it. ",
+ "An idol whose worshipers abandoned it during peaceful becomes permitted [for benefit]; if during war times, it is prohibited. Royal pillars [upon which idols would be placed] are permitted, because they are erected [only for] when the king is passing by.",
+ "They asked the elders of Rome: If [Hashem] does not desire idolatry, why does He not destroy it[s objects]. They said to them: If only they were worshiping things which the world does not need, He would destroy them; but they worship the sun and the moon and the stars and the constellations--should the whole world be destroyed on account of the fools? They said to them: If so, let Him destroy those [idols] that the world does not need, and leave the ones that the world does need? They said to them: Then we would even be strengthening the faith of their worshipers, for they would say, \"This is the proof they are gods for they were not destroyed.\" ",
+ "One may buy a stepped on wine press from a non-Jew even though he takes [the crushed grapes from there] with his hand and places them in the pile. It does not become libation wine until it drains to the pit. Once it has drained to the pit, [if the non-Jew touched it,] what is in the pit is prohibited and the rest is permitted. ",
+ "One can press grapes with a non-Jew in the wine press, but he cannot harvest with him. A Jew who makes [his wine] while impure, one may not press or harvest with him, but one may send barrels with him to the wine press and bring them from the wine press with him. A baker who makes [his bread] while impure, one may not knead or shape the dough with him, but one can bring bread with him to the seller. ",
+ "A non-Jew who was found next to a pit of wine, if he has a lien, it is prohibited; if he does not have a lien, it is permitted. If he fell into the pit and climbed out, or he measured it with a reed, or he flicked out a bug with a reed, or if he was tapping [the foam] on a barrel that was boiling over, each of these cases happened, and they said the wine should be sold. But Rabbi Shimon permits [the wine in such cases]. If he took the barrel and threw it into the pit in his anger--this case happened and they allowed it. ",
+ "One who prepares wine in purity for a non-Jew and places it in his domain in a house that is open to the public domain, in a city that had both Jews and non-Jews, it is permitted; in a city that is entirely non-Jews, it is prohibited, unless he places a guard. But the guard does not have to be sitting and guarding [constantly]; even if he is leaving and entering, it is permitted. Rabbi Shimon son of Elazar said: all domains of non-Jews are like one [another].",
+ "One who prepares wine in purity for a non-Jew and places it in his domain, and the latter writes for him a receipt that he received the money, it is permitted. But if the Jew wanted to remove the wine [from his property] and the non-Jew will not allow him until he receives his payment--this case happened in Beit She'an and the sages prohibited it. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who hires a worker to work with him with yayin nesech [Wine used for idolatrous libations – prohibited for consumption and benefit], his salary is prohibited. If one hired him to perform a different task, even if he said to him move that barrel of yayin nesech from one place to another, his salary is permitted. One who rents a donkey in order to transport yayin nesech , its rental fee is prohibited. If it was rented to ride on, even though the non-Jew placed his flask [of yayin nesech ] upon it, its rental fee is permitted.",
+ "Yayin nesech which fell on top of grapes, one can rinse them and they are permitted. If they were cracked, they are prohibited. (If they fell on figs or dates, if there is enough wine to impart its flavor [into the fruit] it is prohibited.) It once happened that Baytus Son of Zonin brought dried figs on a boat and a barrel of yayin nesech burst and fell on them and he asked the sages and they permitted [the figs]. This is the rule: if there is increased benefit due to the imparted flavor it is prohibited, but if there is no increased benefit due to the imparted flavor it is permitted, like in the case of vinegar that fell on grits.",
+ "A non-Jew who was transporting jugs of wine with a Jew from one place to another, if it could be assumed [by the non-Jew] that they were being guarded, then they are permitted. If he let him know that he was going away, [they are prohibited] if there elapsed enough time [for the non-Jew] to puncture [the seal], patch it, and dry it. Rabbi Shimon son of Gamliel says: Enough time for him to open it, put in a new seal, and allow it to dry.",
+ "One who leaves his wine in a wagon or a boat and took a shortcut, entered the city, and bathed, [the wine] is permitted. If he let him know that he was going away, [they are prohibited] if there elapsed enough time [for the non-Jew] to puncture [the seal], patch it, and dry it. Rabbi Shimon son of Gamliel says: Enough time for him to open it, put in a new seal, and allow it to dry. One who leaves a non-Jew in his store, even if he is entering and exiting it is permitted. If he let him know that he was going away, [they are prohibited] if there elapsed enough time for him to puncture [the seal], patch it, and dry it. Rabbi Shimon son of Gamliel says: Enough time for him to open it, put in a new seal, and allow it to dry.",
+ "If he was eating with him at a table and he left a jug of wine on the table and a jug of wine on the side-table and left the room, what is on the table is prohibited and what is on the side table is permitted. If he said to him \"please pour and drink,\" even what is on the side table is prohibited. Open barrels are prohibited, and also closed ones if there elapsed enough time for him to open it, put in a new seal, and allow it to dry. ",
+ "A troop of non-Jewish investigating soldiers that enter a city at a time of peace, all open barrels are prohibited but sealed barrels are permitted. In a time of war, both are permitted, since there is no time to pour libations. ",
+ "Jewish craftsmen whom a non-Jew paid in yayin nesech, they are permitted to say to him, give us its value; but once it enters their domain, it is prohibited. One who sells his wine to a non-Jew, if he set the price before measuring out [the wine], the money is permitted; but if he measured it out before setting the price, the money is prohibited. If one took a funnel and measured [wine] into a non-Jew's container, and then [using the same funnel] measured into a Jew's container, if the funnel has wine residue in it it is prohibited. One pouring from one vessel into another [when the latter has yayin nesech in it], the one he poured from is permitted, but the one he poured into is prohibited. ",
+ "Yayin nesech is prohibited, and even a minute amount makes other things prohibited. Wine in wine or water in water, even a minute amount [of the prohibited substance renders it all prohibited]. Wine in water or water in wine, an amount [of the prohibited substance] sufficient to impart flavor [renders it prohibited]. This is the rule: a mixture of things of the same type, a minute amount [of the prohibited substance renders it prohibited]; a mixture of different types, an amount [of the prohibited substance] sufficient to impart flavor [renders it all prohibited].",
+ "The following things are prohibited and prohibit in a minute amount: yayin nesech, idolatry, skins torn at the heart [as part of an idolatrous practice], an ox that is to be stoned, the calf which will have its neck severed, the bird offerings of a leper, the hair of a nazirite, the firstborn donkey [that has not yet been redeemed], meat mixed with milk, the goat that is sent [to Azazel], and non-sanctified animals slaughtered in the temple courtyard, all these are prohibited and even minute amounts make other things prohibited. ",
+ "Yayin nesech that fell into a pit, all [wine in the pit] is prohibited from benefit. Rabbi Shimon son of Gamliel says: It should all be sold to a non-Jew except for the value of the nesech wine in it. ",
+ "A stone wine press which a non-Jew coated in pitch, it should be dried off and then it is pure. If it was made of wood, Rebbi says: It should be dried off; but the sages say: he should peel off the pitch. And if it was made of earthenware, even if he peeled off the pitch it is still prohibited.",
+ "One who buys utensils from a non-Jew, what is usually immersed one should immerse, what is usually boiled one should boil, what is usually made white-hot by fire one should make white-hot by fire. The spit and the grill should be made white-hot by fire. The knife one can polish it and it is pure. "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c86314fdcb2b7efa6b27452e6e84dc27dec368dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "DREI TAGE VOR DEN FESTEN DER NICHTJUDEN IST ES VERBOTEN, MIT IHNEN HANDEL ZU TREIBEN, IHNEN ETWAS ZU LEIHEN ODER VON IHNEN ZU LEIHEN, IHNEN GELD ZU BORGEN ODER VON IHNEN ZU BORGEN, AN SIE ZU ZAHLEN ODER VON IHNEN EINE ZAHLUNG ZU NEHMEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE VON IHNEN ZAHLUNG NEHMEN, WEIL DIES IHN SCHMERZT. JENE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: OBGLEICH DIES IHN JETZT SCHMERZT, IST ER SPÄTER DENNOCH FROH.",
+ "R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SAGT, ES SEI DREI TAGE VORHER UND DREI TAGE NACHHER VERBOTEN, DIE WEISEN SAGEN, VOR IHREN FESTEN SEI ES VERBOTEN, NACH IHREN FESTEN SEI ES ERLAUBT.",
+ "FOLGENDE SIND DIE FESTE DER NICHTJUDEN: DIE KALENDEN, DIE SATURNALIEN, DER SIEGESTAG, DER GENESJATAG IHRER KÖNIGE, DER GEBURTSTAGUND DER STERBETAG — SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN: HAT BEIM TODE EIN VERBRENNEN STATTGEFUNDEN, SO IST DABEI GÖTZENDIENST, HAT DANN KEIN VERBRENNEN STATTGEFUNDEN, SO IST DABEI KEIN GÖTZENDIENST. FÜR DEN TAG SEINER BARTSCHUR ABER UND SEINES SCHOPFES, AN DEM ER VON EINER SEEREISE HEIMGEKEHRT IST, AN DEM ER DAS GEFÄNGNIS VERLASSEN HAT, AN DEM ER FÜR SEINEN SOHN EIN HOCHZEITSMAHL BEREITET, BESTEHT DAS VERBOT NUR FÜR DIESEN TAG UND MIT DIESEM MANNE.",
+ "IST EIN GÖTZENFEST INNERHALB DER STADT, SO IST ESAUSSERHALB ERLAUBT; IST EIN GÖTZENFEST AUSSERHALB, SO IST ES INNERHALB ERLAUBT. DARF MAN DA HINGEHEN? FÜHRT DER WEG NUR NACH DIESEM ORTE, SO IST ES VERBOTEN, WENN ER ABER AUCH NACH EINEM ANDEREN FÜHRT, SO IST ES ERLAUBT. WENN IN EINER STADT EIN GÖTZENFEST IST UND DA MANCHE LÄDEN BEKRÄNZT UND MANCHE NICHT BEKRÄNZT SIND: EIN SOLCHER FALL EREIGNETE SICH IN BETH ŠEÁN, UND DIE WEISEN ENTSCHIEDEN, DASS ESIN DEN BEKRÄNZTEN VERBOTEN UND IN DEN UNBEKRÄNZTEN ERLAUBT SEI.",
+ "FOLGENDE DINGE DÜRFEN EINEM NICHTJUDEN NICHT VERKAUFT WERDEN: ISTRUBLIN, ŠUAḤ-FRÜCHTE UND IHRE STENGEL, WEIHRAUCH UND EIN WEISSER HAHN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, MIT ANDEREN HÜHNERN ZUSAMMEN DÜRFE MAN IHM AUCH EINEN WEISSEN HAHN VERKAUFEN; HAT MAN NUR EINEN SOLCHEN, SO HAUE MAN IHM DEN SPORN AB UND VERKAUFE IHN IHM, DENN SIE BRINGEN KEINEN VERSTÜMMELTEN DEN GÖTZEN DAR. BEI ALLEN ANDEREN DINGEN IST ES ALLGEMEINERLAUBT UND BEZEICHNET VERBOTEN. R. MEÍR SAGT, AUCH EINE GUTE DATTELPALME, ḤAÇAB UND EINE NIKOLAUSPALME DÜRFE MAN EINEM NICHTJUDEN NICHT VERKAUFEN.",
+ "WO ES ÜBLICH IST, AN NICHTJUDEN KLEINVIEH ZU VERKAUFEN, DARF MAN VERKAUFEN, WO ES ÜBLICH IST, NICHT ZU VERKAUFEN, DARF MAN NICHT VERKAUFEN; NIRGENDS ABER DARF MAN IHNEN GROSSVIEH, KÄLBER UND FÜLLEN, OB HEIL ODER GEBROCHEN, VERKAUFEN. R. JEHUDA ERLAUBT DIES BEI GEBROCHENEN; BEN BETHERA ERLAUBT DIES BEI EINEM PFERDE.",
+ "MAN DARF IHNEN KEINE BÄREN, LÖWEN ODER SONST ETWAS VERKAUFEN, WODURCH DAS PUBLIKUM GEFÄHRDET WERDEN KANN. MAN DARF MIT IHNEN NICHT EINE BASILIKA, EIN SCHAFOTT, EINE ARENA ODER EINE TRIBÜNEBAUEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN MIT IHNEN GERÜSTEUND BADEANSTALTEN BAUEN; GELANGT MAN AN DIE NISCHE, WO DAS GÖTZENBILD AUFGESTELLT WIRD, SO DARF MAN NICHT MITBAUEN.",
+ "MAN DARF IHNEN IM JISRAÉLLANDE KEINE HÄUSER VERMIETEN, UND SELBSTVERSTÄNDLICH KEINE FELDER; IN SYRIEN DARF MAN IHNEN HÄUSER VERMIETEN, JEDOCH KEINE FELDER; AUSSERHALB DES LANDES DARF MAN IHNEN HÄUSER VERKAUFEN UND FELDER VERMIETEN — SO R. MEÍR. R. JOSE SAGT, IM JISRAÉLLANDE DÜRFE MAN IHNEN HÄUSER VERMIETEN, JEDOCH KEINE FELDER, IN SYRIEN DÜRFE MAN IHNEN HÄUSER VERKAUFEN UND FELDER VERMIETEN, UND AUSSERHALB DES LANDES DÜRFE MAN IHNEN BEIDES VERKAUFEN.",
+ "ABER AUCH DA, WO SIE IHM ZU VERMIETEN ERLAUBT HABEN, GILT DIES NICHT VON EINEM WOHNRAUME, WEIL ER DA SEINE GÖTZEN HINEINBRINGEN WÜRDE, UND ES HEISST:du sollst keine Greuel in dein Haus bringen. NIRGENDS ABER DARF MAN IHNEN EIN BADEHAUS VERMIETEN, WEIL ES SEINEINNAMEN TRÄGT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "MAN DARF KEIN VIEH IN EIN WIRTSHAUS VON NICHTJUDEN EINSTELLEN, WEIL SIE DER BESTIALITÄT VERDÄCHTIG SIND. EINE FRAU DARF MIT IHNEN NICHT ALLEIN SEIN, WEIL SIE DER UNZUCHT VERDÄCHTIG SIND: AUCH SONST EIN MENSCH DARF NICHT MIT IHNEN ALLEIN SEIN, WEIL SIE DES BLUTVERGIESSENS VERDÄCHTIG SIND. EINE JISRAÉLITIN DARF EINER NICHTJÜDIN KEINE GEBURTSHILFE LEISTEN, WEIL SIE EIN KIND FÜR DEN GÖTZENDIENST GEBÄREN HILFT; WOHL ABER DARF MAN EINE NICHTJÜDIN EINER JISRAÉLITIN GEBURTSHILFE LEISTEN LASSEN. EINE JISRAÉLITIN DARF NICHT DAS KIND EINER NICHTJÜDIN SÄUGEN; WOHL ABER DARF EINE JISRAÉLITIN IN IHREM BEREICHE IHR KIND VON EINER NICHTJÜDIN SÄUGEN LASSEN.",
+ "MAN DARF SICH VON IHNEN EINE GELDHEILUNGANGEDEIHEN LASSEN, NICHT ABER EINE LEIBESHEILUNG. MAN DARF SICH NIRGENDS VON IHNEN SCHEREN LASSEN — SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, AUF ÖFFENTLICHEM GEBIETE SEI ES ERLAUBT, NICHT ABER ALLEIN UNTER EINANDER.",
+ "FOLGENDE DINGE SIND VON NICHTJUDEN VERBOTEN, UND ZWAR ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT AUCH AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG: WEIN, ESSIG, DER IM BESITZE VON NICHTJUDEN NOCH WEIN WAR, HADRIANISCHESCHERBEN, AUSGEHERZTEFELLE. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGTE: IST DAS LOCH RUND, SO SIND SIE VERBOTEN, IST ES LÄNGLICH, SO SIND SIE ERLAUBT. FLEISCH, DAS ZUM GÖTZEN HINEINGEBRACHT WERDENSOLL, IST ERLAUBT, DAS HERAUSGEBRACHT WORDEN IST, IST VERBOTEN, WEIL ES ALS TOTENSCHLACHTUNG GILT — SO R. A͑QIBA. MIT DENEN, DIE ZUR GÖTZENSTÄTTE ZIEHEN, DARF MAN KEINE GESCHÄFTE MACHEN; MIT DENEN, DIE ZURÜCKKEHREN, IST ES ERLAUBT.",
+ "SCHLÄUCHE UND WEINKRÜGE VON NICHTJUDEN, DIE MIT WEIN EINES JISRAÉLITEN GEFÜLLT SIND, SINDVERBOTEN, UND ZWAR ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT AUCH AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG — SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS VERBOT ERSTRECKE SICH NICHT AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG. TRAUBENKERNE UND SCHLAUBEN VON NICHTJUDEN SIND VERBOTEN, UND ZWAR ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT AUCH AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG — SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, FEUCHTE SEIEN VERBOTEN, TROCKENE SEIEN ERLAUBT. FISCHTUNKEUND BITHYNISCHERKÄSE VON NICHTJUDEN SIND VERBOTEN, UND ZWAR ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT AUCH AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG — SO R.MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS VERBOT ERSTRECKE SICH NICHT AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG.",
+ "R. JEHUDA ERZÄHLTE: R. JIŠMA͑ÉL RICHTETE AN R. JEHOŠUA͑, ALS SIE SICH AUF DEM WEGE BEFANDEN, FOLGENDE FRAGE, INDEM ER ZU IHM SPRACH: WESHALB HABEN SIE KÄSE VON NICHTJUDEN VERBOTEN? DIESER ERWIDERTE IHM: WEIL SIE IHN DURCH DAS LAB VON AASTIEREN GERINNEN LASSEN. JENER ENTGEGNETE IHM: DAS VERBOT DES LABES VON EINEM BRANDOPFER IST JA STRENGER ALS DAS DES LABES VON EINEM AASE, DENNOCH SAGTEN SIE, DASS EIN PRIESTER, DER SICH NICHT EKELT, ES ROH SCHLÜRFEN DÜRFE; DIES HAT MAN NICHT ZUGESTANDEN, JEDOCH SAGTEN SIE, MAN DARF ES ZWAR NICHT GENIESSEN, JEDOCH BEGEHT MAN DARAN KEINE VERUNTREUUNG. DIESER ERWIDERTE IHM: WEIL SIE IHN DURCH DAS LAB VON GÖTZENDIENSTLICH VERWANDTEN KÄLBERN GERINNEN LASSEN. JENER ENTGEGNETE: WENN DEM SO IST, WESHALB HABEN SIE NICHT AUCH DIE NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN!? DA LENKTE IHN DIESER AUF EINE ANDERE SACHE AB, INDEM ER IHN FRAGTE: JIŠMA͑ÉL, WIE LIEST DU:besser ist deineLiebe als Wein, ODER: besser ist deineLiebe?",
+ "FOLGENDE DINGE DER NICHTJUDEN SIND VERBOTEN, JEDOCH ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT NICHT AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG: MILCH, DIE EIN NICHTJUDE OHNE VON EINEM JISRAÉLITEN BEOBACHTET WORDEN ZU SEIN GEMOLKEN HAT, BROT UND ÖL; RABBI UND SEIN GERICHTSKOLLEGIUM ERLAUBTEN DAS ÖL. FERNER GEKOCHTES UND EINGELEGTES, WORIN MAN WEIN ODER ESSIG HINEINZUTUN PFLEGT, ZERHACKTE ṬERITH, FISCHLAKE, WORIN KEINE FISCHCHEN SIND, KEINE HERUMSCHWIMMENDE KILBITH, FISCHSALAT, SCHNITTE ASANT UND GEWÜRZTESSALZ. ALL DIESE DINGE SIND VERBOTEN, JEDOCH ERSTRECKT SICH DAS VERBOT NICHT AUF DIE NUTZNIESSUNG.",
+ "FOLGENDES IST ZUM ESSEN ERLAUBT: MILCH, DIE EIN NICHTJUDE UNTER AUFSICHT EINES JISRAÉLITEN GEMOLKEN HAT, HONIG, ÜBERFLIESSENDE TRAUBEN, DEREN ABTRIEFENDER SAFT NICHT ZU DEN BEFÄHIGTMACHENDENFLÜSSIGKEITEN GEHÖRT, EINGELEGTES, WORIN MAN WEDER WEIN NOCH ESSIG HINEINZUTUN PFLEGT, UNZERHACKTE ṬERITH, FISCHLAKE, IN DER FISCHCHEIN SIND, ASANTBLÄTTERUND GEPRESSTE OLIVENKUCHEN. R. JOSE SAGT, DIE GANZ WEICHEN SEIEN VERBOTEN. HEUSCHRECKEN, DIE AUS DEM KORBE KOMMEN, SIND VERBOTEN, DIE AUS DEM LAGER, SIND ERLAUBT. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON DER HEBE."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ALLE BILDWERKE SIND ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN, WEIL SIE EINMAL IM JAHRE ANGEBETET WERDEN – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, VERBOTEN SIND NUR SOLCHE, DIE EINEN STAB ODER EINEN VOGEL ODER EINE KUGEL IN DER HAND HALTEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUCH WENN SIE SONST IRGEND EINEN GEGENSTAND IN DER HAND HALTEN.",
+ "FINDET MAN BRUCHSTÜCKE VON BILDWERKEN, SO SIND SIE ERLAUBT. FINDET MAN DIE FIGUR EINER HAND ODER EINES FUSSES, SO SIND SIE VERBOTEN, WEIL SOLCHE ANGEBETET WERDEN.",
+ "FINDET MAN GERÄTE, WORAUF DAS BILD DER SONNE, DES MONDES ODER EINES DRACHEN SICH BEFINDET, SO WERFE MAN SIE INS SALZMEER. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUF LUXURIÖSEN SIND SIE VERBOTEN, AUF GEMEINEN SIND SIE ERLAUBT.R. JOSE SAGT, MAN ZERREIBE SIEUND ZERSTREUE SIE IN DEN WIND ODER WERFE SIE INS MEER. SIE ERWIDERTEN IHM: DANN WERDEN SIE JA IN DUNG VERWANDELT, UND ES HEISST:nichts vom mit dem Banne Belegten soll an deiner Hand kleben bleiben.",
+ "PEROKLOS DER PHILOSOPHFRAGTE R. GAMLIÉL IN A͑KKO, ALS DIESER IM APHRODITEN-BADE BADETE: ES HEISST IN EURER TORA:nichts vom mit dem Banne Belegtem soll an deiner Hand kleben bleiben, WIESO BADEST DU NUN IM APHRODITEN-BADE? DIESER ERWIDERTE: MAN ANTWORTE NICHT IN EINEM BADEHAUSE. ALS ER HINAUSGEGANGEN WAR, SPRACH ER ZU IHM: ICH KAM NICHT IN IHR BEREICH, SONDERN SIE IN MEIN BEREICH. MAN SAGT NICHT, DAS BAD SEIZUR AUSSCHMÜCKUNG DER APHRODITE ERRICHTET WORDEN, SONDERN DIE APHRODITE SEI ZUR AUSSCHMÜCKUNG DER BADEANSTALT AUFGESTELLT WORDEN. UND NOCH ETWAS ANDERES: WENN MAN DIR AUCH VIEL GELD GEBEN WÜRDE, SO WÜRDEST DU DENNOCH NICHT NACKT UND POLLUTIONSBEHAFTET VOR DEINE GOTTHEIT TRETEN UND VOR IHR URINIEREN, DIESE ABER STEHT VOR DER RINNE UND DAS GANZE VOLK URINIERT VOR IHR. ES HEISST IN DER SCHRIFT: ihre Götter, WAS WIE EIN GOTT BEHANDELT WIRD, IST VERBOTEN, WAS NICHT WIE EIN GOTT BEHANDELT WIRD, IST ERLAUBT.",
+ "WENN NICHTJUDEN BERGE UND HÜGEL ANBETEN, SO SIND DIESE ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG ERLAUBT, WAS SICH ABER AUF DIESENBEFINDET, IST VERBOTEN, DENN ES HEISST:du sollst nicht begehren das Silber und das Gold, das auf ihnen ist. R. JOSE DER GALILÄER FOLGERT ES HIERAUS: Ihre Götter auf den Bergen, NICHT ABER SIND DIE BERGE IHRE GÖTTER; ihre Götter auf den Hügeln, NICHT ABER SIND DIE HÜGEL IHRE GÖTTER. WESHALB IST DEMNACH DIE AŠERAVERBOTEN? WEIL SIE DURCH MENSCHENHÄNDE ENTSTANDEN IST, UND ALLES, WAS DURCH MENSCHENHÄNDE ENTSTANDEN IST, IST VERBOTEN. R. A͑QIBA SPRACH: ICH WILL DIES ERKLÄREN UND DIR DEUTEN: DIESHEISST: WENN DU IRGENDWO AUF EINEN HOHEN BERG, EINEN ERHABENEN HÜGEL UND EINEN GRÜNEN BAUM STOSSEST, SO WISSE, DASS DA EIN GÖTZE SICH BEFINDET.",
+ "WENN JEMAND EIN HAUSIN DER NÄHE EINES GÖTZEN HAT UND ES EINSTÜRZT, SO DARF ER ES NICHT WIEDER AUFBAUEN. WAS MACHE ER NUN? ER ZIEHE VIER ELLEN EIN UND BAUE. GEHÖRT ERIHM UND DEM GÖTZEN, SO WIRD ER GLEICHMÄSSIGGETEILT. DIE STEINE, DAS HOLZ UND DER SCHUTT SIND WIE EIN KRIECHTIER VERUNREINIGEND, DENN ES HEISST:verabscheuensollst du es. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, WIE EINE MENSTRUIERENDE, DENN ES HEISST:du wirst sie wie etwas Ekelhaftesfortwerfen, hinaus! zu ihnen sprechen. WIE EINE MENSTRUIERENDE DURCH DAS TRAGENVERUNREINIGEND IST, EBENSO IST AUCH EIN GÖTZE DURCH DAS TRAGEN VERUNREINIGEND.",
+ "ES GIBTDREIERLEI HÄUSER: IST DAS HAUS VON VORNHEREIN FÜR DEN GÖTZEN ERBAUT, SO IST ES VERBOTEN; HAT MAN ES FÜR DEN GÖTZEN GEKALKT, GEPUTZT ODER RENOVIERT, SO ENTFERNE MAN DAS RENOVIERTE; HATTE MAN DARIN EINEN GÖTZEN HINGESTELLT UND IHN ENTFERNT, SO IST ES ERLAUBT.ES GIBT DREIERLEI STEINE: HAT MAN DEN STEIN VON VORNHEREIN FÜR EIN GÖTZENGESTELL GEHAUEN, SO IST ER VERBOTEN; HAT MAN IHN FÜR DEN GÖTZEN BESTRICHEN UND BEPUTZT, SO ENTFERNE MAN DEN ANSTRICH UND DEN PUTZ UND ER IST ERLAUBT; HATTE MAN AUF DIESEN EINEN GÖTZEN HINGESTELLT UND IHN ENTFERNT, SO IST ER ERLAUBT. ES GIBT DREIERLEI AŠERAS: HAT MAN DEN BAUM VON VORNHEREIN FÜR DEN GÖTZENDIENST GEPFLANZT, SO IST ER VERBOTEN; HAT MAN IHN FÜR DEN GÖTZENDIENST BESTUTZT UND BEPUTZT, WORAUF ER NEUE SCHÖSSLINGE HERVORGEBRACHT HAT, SO ENTFERNE MAN DIESE; HATTE MAN UNTER DIESEN EINEN GÖTZEN HINGESTELLT UND IHN ENTFERNT, SO IST ER ERLAUBT.WELCHER BAUM HEISST AŠERA? UNTER DEM EIN GÖTZE SICH BEFINDET; R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DER ANGEBETET WIRD. EINST FANDEN SIE IN ÇAJDAN UNTER EINEM BAUME, DER ANGEBETET WURDE, EINEN STEINHAUFEN; DA ORDNETE R. ŠIMO͑N AN, DEN STEINHAUFEN ZU UNTERSUCHEN. ALS SIE IHN UNTERSUCHTEN, UND IN DIESEM EINE FIGUR FANDEN, SPRACH ER ZU IHNEN: DA SIE DIE FIGUR ANGEBETET HABEN, SO WOLLEN WIR NUN DEN BAUM ERLAUBEN.",
+ "MAN DARF UNTER IHREM SCHATTEN NICHT SITZEN; HAT MANGESESSEN, SO IST MAN REIN. MAN DARF UNTER DIESER NICHT VORÜBERGEHEN, IST MAN VORÜBERGEGANGEN, SO IST MAN UNREIN; WENN SIE DAS PUBLIKUM BEEINTRÄCHTIGT UND MAN VORÜBERGEGANGEN IST, SO IST MAN REIN.MAN DARF UNTER DIESER GRÜNKRAUT IN DER REGENZEITSÄEN, NICHT ABER IM SOMMER; LATTICH ABER WEDER IM SOMMER NOCH IN DER REGENZEIT. R. JOSE SAGT, AUCH KEINE KRÄUTER IN DER REGENZEIT, WEIL DAS LAUB AUF DIESE FÄLLT UND IHNEN ALS DUNG DIENT.",
+ "HAT MAN DAVON HOLZ GENOMMEN, SO IST ES ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN; HAT MAN DAMIT EINEN OFEN GEHEIZT, SO MUSS ER, WENN ER NEU IST, ZERTRÜMMERT, UND WENN ER ALT IST, AUSGEKÜHLT WERDEN; HAT MAN DARIN BROT GEBACKEN, SO IST ES ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN; IST ES MIT ANDEREM VERMISCHT WORDEN, SO SIND ALLE ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, MAN WERFE DEN NUTZEN INS SALZMEER. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: BEIM GÖTZENDIENSTE GIBT ES KEINE AUSLÖSUNG. HAT MAN DAVON EINEN WEBERSPATEL GENOMMEN, SO IST ER ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN; HAT MAN DAMIT EIN KLEIDUNGSSTÜCK GEWEBT, SO IST ES ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN; IST ES MIT ANDEREN VERMISCHT WORDEN, UND DIE ANDEREN MIT ANDEREN, SO SIND ALLE ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, MAN WERFE DEN NUTZEN INS SALZMEER. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: BEIM GÖTZENDIENSTE GIBT ES KEINE AUSLÖSUNG.",
+ "WIE WIRD DIE AŠERA ENTHEILIGT? WENN MAN SPÄNE ODER REISER ABGEBROCHEN HAT; HAT MAN VON DIESER EINEN STOCK, ODER EINE GERTE ODER AUCH NUR EIN BLATT ABGEBROCHEN, SO HAT MAN SIE ENTHEILIGT. HAT MAN SIE BEHOBELT, SO IST SIE, WENN ES IN IHREM INTERESSE ERFOLGT IST, VERBOTEN, WENN ABER NICHT IN IHREM INTERESSE, ERLAUBT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. JIŠMẢÉL SAGT, DREI STEINE NEBENEINANDER NEBEN EINEM MERKURIUS SIND VERBOTEN, ZWEI SIND ERLAUBT; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DIE SCHEINBAR ZU IHM GEHÖREN, SIND VERBOTEN, DIE SCHEINBAR NICHT ZU IHM GEHÖREN, SIND ERLAUBT.",
+ "FINDET MAN AUF DIESEM GELD, KLEIDER ODER GERÄTE, SO SIND SIE ERLAUBT, WENN ABER WEINREBEN, ÄHRENKRÄNZE, WEIN, ÖL, MEHL ODER SONST ETWAS, DERGLEICHEN AUF DEM ALTAR DARGEBRACHT WIRD, SO IST ES VERBOTEN.",
+ "WENN EIN GARTEN ODER EIN BAD ZU EINEM GÖTZEN GEHÖRT, SO DARF MAN DIESE OHNE VERGÜTUNG BENUTZEN, NICHT ABER GEGEN VERGÜTUNG; GEHÖREN SIE DIESEM UND ANDEREN, SO DARF MAN SIE SOWOHL GEGEN VERGÜTUNG ALS AUCH OHNE VERGÜTUNG BENUTZEN.",
+ "DER GÖTZE EINES NICHTJUDEN IST SOFORT VERBOTEN, UND DER EINES JISRAÉLITEN ERST DANN, WENN ER ANGEBETET WORDEN IST. EIN NICHTJUDE KANN SEINEN GÖTZEN UND DEN GÖTZEN SEINES NÄCHSTEN ENTHEILIGEN, EIN JISRAÉLIT ABER KANN DEN GÖTZEN EINES NICHTJUDEN NICHT ENTHEILIGEN. HAT ER DEN GÖTZEN ENTHEILIGT, SO HAT ER AUCH SEINE DIENSTGERÄTE ENTHEILIGT; HAT ER DIE DIENSTGERÄTE ENTHEILIGT, SO SIND DIESE ERLAUBT UND DER GÖTZE SELBST VERBOTEN.",
+ "WODURCH ENTHEILIGT ER IHN? HAT ER IHM DIE SPITZE DES OHRES, DIE SPITZE DER NASE, DIE SPITZE EINES FINGERS ARGESCHLAGEN, ODER HAT ER IHN ZUSAMMENGESCHLAGEN, OBGLEICH ER VON IHM NICHTS ABGESCHLAGEN HAT, SO IST ER ENTHEILIGT. HAT ER VOR IHM AUSGESPUCKT, URINIERT, IHN HERUMGESCHLEPPT ODER MIT KOT BEWORFEN, SO IST ER NICHT ENTHEILIGT. HAT ER IHN VERKAUFT ODER VERPFÄNDET, SO HAT ER IHN, WIE RABBI SAGT, ENTHEILIGT UND WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NICHT ENTHEILIGT.",
+ "EIN GÖTZE, DEN SEINE ANBETER ZUR FRIEDENSZEIT ZURÜCKGELASSEN HABEN, IST ERLAUBT, WENN ZUR KRIEGSZEIT, SO IST ER VERBOTEN. DIE GESTELLE DER KÖNIGE SIND ERLAUBT, WEIL MAN AUF DIESE GÖTZEN STELLT, WENN DIE KÖNIGE VORÜBERZIEHEN.",
+ "MAN FRAGTE DIE ÄLTESTEN IN ROM: WENN ER AN DER ANBETUNG DER GÖTZEN KEINEN GEFALLEN HAT, WESHALB VERNICHTET ER SIE NICHT? DIESE ERWIDERTEN: WÜRDEN SIE DINGE ANBETEN, DEREN DIE WELT NICHT BEDARF, SO WÜRDE ER SIE AUCH VERNICHTET HABEN, SIE BETEN ABER SONNE, MOND, STERNE UND PLANETEN AN; SOLLTE ER DENN WEGEN DER TOREN SEINE WELT ZERSTÖREN!? JENE ENTGEGNETEN: SO SOLLTE ER DOCH DIE DINGE VERNICHTEN, DEREN DIE WELT NICHT BEDARF, UND DIEJENIGEN LASSEN, DEREN DIE WELT BEDARF!? DIESE ERWIDERTEN: WIR WÜRDEN DANN DIE ANBETER DER ANDEREN IN IHREM GLAUBEN BESTÄRKEN, DENN SIE WÜRDEN SAGEN: ERKENNET NUN, DASS DIESE WAHRE GÖTTER SIND, DENN SIE SIND NICHT VERNICHTET WORDEN.",
+ "MAN DARF EINE WEINKELTER MIT GETRETENEN TRAUBEN VON EINEM NICHTJUDEN KAUFEN, OBGLEICH ER DIE TRAUBEN MIT DER HAND NIMMT UND IN DEN BOTTICHLEGT; ALS LIBATIONSWEIN GILT ER ERST DANN, WENN ER IN DIE KUFE ABGEFLOSSEN IST. IST ER IN DIE KUFE ABGEFLOSSEN, SO IST DAS, WAS SICH IN DER KUFEBEFINDET, VERBOTEN, UND WAS ZURÜCKBLEIBT, ERLAUBT.",
+ "MAN DARF MIT EINEM NICHTJUDEN IN DER KELTER TRETEN, NICHT ABER TRAUBEN LESEN. MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN, DER SEINE FRÜCHTE IN UNREINHEITZUBEREITET, DARF MAN WEDER TRETEN NOCH TRAUBEN LESEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN MIT IHM FÄSSER IN DIE KELTER UND AUS DER KELTER TRAGEN. MIT EINEM BÄCKER, DER SEIN BROT IN UNREINHEIT BEREITET, DARF MAN WEDER KNETEN NOCH ZURICHTEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN MIT IHM BROT ZUM BROTHÄNDLER BRINGEN.",
+ "WIRD EIN NICHTJUDE AN EINER WEINKUFE ANGETROFFEN, SO IST DER WEIN, WENN ER AN IHN EINE SCHULDFORDERUNG HAT, VERBOTEN, WENN ABER NICHT, ERLAUBT. IST ER IN DIE KUFE GEFALLEN UND HERAUSGEHOLT WORDEN, ODER HAT ER DEN WEIN MIT EINEM ROHR GEMESSEN, ODER HAT ER MIT EINEM ROHR EINE HORNIS FORTGEJAGT, ODER HAT ER AUF DAS GÄRENDE FASS GESCHLAGEN, ES SIND DIES FÄLLE, DIE SICH EREIGNET HABEN, UND MAN ENTSCHIED, DASS ER VERKAUFT WERDE. R. ŠIMO͑N ERLAUBT IHN. HAT ER IN SEINER WUT DAS FASS GENOMMEN UND IN DIE KUFE GEWORFEN, DIESER FALL EREIGNETE SICH, UND MAN ERLAUBTE IHN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND DEN WEIN EINES NICHTJUDEN IN REINHEIT BEREITET UND IHN IN DESSEN GEBIET ZURÜCKLÄSST, IN EINEM HAUSE, DAS NACH ÖFFENTLICHEM GEBIETE GEÖFFNET WIRD, IN EINER STADT, IN DER NICHTJUDEN UND JISRAÉLITEN WOHNEN, SO IST ER ERLAUBT; WENN ABER IN EINER STADT, IN DER NUR NICHTJUDEN WOHNEN, SO IST ER VERBOTEN, ES SEI DENN, DASS ER DA SITZT UND IHN BEWACHT. DER BEWACHENDE BRAUCHT JEDOCH NICHT UNUNTERBROCHEN ZU SITZEN UND ZU WACHEN, AUCH WENN ER NUR EINUND AUSGEHT, IST ER ERLAUBT. R. ŠIMO͑N B. ELEA͑ZAR SAGT, ALLES GEBIET DER NICHTJUDEN GELTE ALS EINES.",
+ "WENN JEMAND DEN WEIN EINES NICHTJUDEN IN REINHEIT BEREITET UND IHN IN DESSEN GEBIET ZURÜCKLÄSST, SO IST ER, WENN ER IHM SCHRIFTLICH BESTÄTIGT, VON IHM DAS GELD ERHALTEN ZU HABEN, ERLAUBT. WENN ER ABER, FALLS IHN DER JISRAÉLIT HOLEN WILL, IHN NICHT LÄSST, BIS ER IHM DAS GELD GEGEBEN HAT, ES IST DIES EIN FALL, DER SICH IN BETH-ŠEÁN EREIGNETE, UND SIE VERBOTEN IHN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EINER EINEN ARBEITER MIETET, BEI IHM AN LIBATIONSWEIN ZU ARBEITEN, SO IST DER LOHN VERBOTEN. HAT ER IHN GEMIETET, BEI IHM EINE ANDERE ARBEIT ZU VERRICHTEN, SO IST, AUCH WENN ER VON IHM VERLANGT, LIBATIONSWEIN VON EINEM ORTE NACH EINEM ANDEREN UMZUTRAGEN, DER LOHN ERLAUBT. WENN ER EINEN ESEL MIETET, AUF DIESEM LIBATIONSWEIN ZU HOLEN, SO IST DER LOHN VERBOTEN; HAT ER IHN GEMIETET, AUF IHM ZU SITZEN, SO IST, AUCH WENN ER AUF IHN SEINEN WEINKRUG GELEGT HAT, DER LOHN ERLAUBT.",
+ "WENN LIBATIONSWEIN AUF TRAUBEN GEKOMMEN IST, SO WISCHE MAN SIE AB, UND SIE SIND ERLAUBT; WAREN SIE ABER GEPLATZT, SO SIND SIE VERBOTEN. IST SOLCHER AUF FEIGEN ODER AUF DATTELN GEKOMMEN, SO SIND SIE, WENN ER EINEN VERBESSERNDEN GESCHMACK VERLEIHT, VERBOTEN. EINST BRACHTE BOËTHOS, DER SOHN ZONANS, DÖRRFEIGEN AUF EINEM SCHIFFE UND EIN FASS LIBATIONSWEIN ZERBRACH UND ÜBERSCHÜTTETE SIE. DA FRAGTE ER DIE WEISEN, UND SIE ERLAUBTEN SIE. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WENNEIN VERBESSERNDER GESCHMACK VERLIEHEN WIRD, SO IST ES VERBOTEN, WENN KEIN VERBESSERNDER GESCHMACK VERLIEHEN WIRD, SO IST ES ERLAUBT, WENN BEISPIELSWEISE ESSIG IN GRAUPEN GEKOMMEN IST.",
+ "WENN EIN NICHTJUDE ZUSAMMEN MIT EINEM JISRAÉLITEN KRÜGE MIT WEIN VON ORT ZU ORT UMTRÄGT, SO IST ER, WENN ER VORAUSGESETZT BEWACHT IST, ERLAUBT; HAT ER IHMABER MITGETEILT, DASS ER SICH ENTFERNE, SO IST ER, WENN ER SO LANGE ABWESEND WAR, ALS MAN DAS FASS ANBOHREN, VERSCHLIESSEN UND DER VERSCHLUSS TROCKNEN KANN, VERBOTEN; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, WENN MAN ES ENTSPUNDEN, VERSPUNDENUND DER SPUND TROCKNEN KANN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINEN WEIN AUF EINEN WAGEN ODER EIN SCHIFF LEGT, SELBER ABER EINEN KÜRZEREN WEG IN DIE STADT GEHT UND BADET, SO IST ER ERLAUBT; HAT ER IHM ABER MITGETEILT, DASS ER SICH ENTFERNE, SO IST ER, WENN ER SO LANGE ABWESEND WAR, ALS MAN DAS FASS ANBOHREN, VERSCHLIESSEN UND DER VERSCHLUSS TROCKNEN KANN, VERBOTEN; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, WENN MAN ES ENTSPUNDEN, VERSPUNDEN UND DER SPUND TROCKNEN KANN. WENN JEMAND EINEN NICHTJUDEN IM LADEN ZURÜCKLÄSST, SO IST DER WEIN ERLAUBT, SELBST WENN ER AB UND ZU HINAUSGEHT UND HEREINKOMMT; HAT ER IHM ABER MITGETEILT, DASS ER SICH ENTFERNE, SO IST ER, WENN ER SO LANGE ABWESEND WAR, ALS MAN DAS FASS ANBOHREN, VERSCHLIESSEN UND DER VERSCHLUSS TROCKNEN KANN, VERBOTEN; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, WENN MAN ES ENTSPUNDEN, VERSPUNDEN UND DER SPUND TROCKNEN KANN.",
+ "WENN MAN MIT IHM AN EINEM TISCHE SPEIST UND EINE FLASCHE AUF DEN TISCH UND EINE FLASCHE AUF DEN ANRICHTETISCH STELLT, IHN ABER ZURÜCKLÄSST UND HINAUSGEHT, SO IST, DIE SICH AUF DEM TISCHE BEFINDET, VERBOTEN, UND DIE SICH AUF DEM ANRICHTETISCHE BEFINDET, ERLAUBT. WENN ER ABER ZU IHM GESAGT HAT, DASS ER SICH DEN WEIN SELBER MISCHE UND TRINKE, SO IST AUCH DIE AUF DEM ANRICHTETISCHE BEFINDLICHE VERBOTEN. OFFENE FÄSSER SIND VERBOTEN, GESCHLOSSENE SIND ERLAUBT, ES SEI DENN, DASS ER SO LANGE ABWESEND WAR, ALS MAN DAS FASS ENTSPUNDEN, VERSPUNDEN UND DER SPUND TROCKNEN KANN.",
+ "WENN NICHTJÜDISCHE TRUPPEN IN EINE STADT EINRÜCKEN, SO SIND ZUR FRIEDENSZEIT DIE OFFENEN FÄSSER VERBOTEN UND DIE GESCHLOSSENEN ERLAUBT, ZUR KRIEGSZEIT ABER DIESE UND JENE ERLAUBT, WEIL SIE DANN KEINE ZEIT HABEN, DEN WEIN ZU LIBIEREN.",
+ "WENN EIN NICHTJUDE JÜDISCHEN HANDWERKERN EIN FASS LIBATIONSWEIN ALS LOHN SCHICKT, SO DÜRFEN SIE ZU IHM SAGEN, DASS ER IHNEN LIEBER DAS GELD DAFÜR GEBE; IST ES BEREITS IN IHREN BESITZ GEKOMMEN, SO IST DIES VERBOTEN.WENN JEMAND WEIN AN EINEN NICHTJUDEN VERKAUFT, SO IST, WENN ER ZUERST DEN PREIS VEREINBART UND NACHHER IHN IHM ZUGEMESSEN HAT, DAS GELD ERLAUBT, WENN ER IHN IHM ABER ZUERST ZUGEMESSEN UND NACHHER DEN PREIS VEREINBART HAT, DAS GELD VERBOTEN. WENN JEMAND DEN TRICHTER GENOMMEN UND IN DIE FLASCHE EINES NICHTJUDEN HINEINGEMESSEN UND DARAUF IN DIE FLASCHE EINES JISRAÉLITEN HINEINGEMESSEN HAT, SO IST, WENN DARIN EIN RÜCKBLEIBSEL VOM WEINE WAR, DER WEINVERBOTEN. WENN JEMAND AUS EINEM GEFÄSSE IN EIN ANDERES HINEINGIESST, SO IST DAS, AUS DEM ER GIESST, ERLAUBT, UND IN DAS ER GIESST, VERBOTEN.",
+ "LIBATIONSWEIN IST UND MACHTVERBOTEN IM QUANTUM EINES MINIMUMS. WEIN IN WEIN UND WASSER IN WASSER IM QUANTUM EINES MINIMUMS; WEIN IN WASSERUND WASSER IN WEIN, WENN EINE GESCHMACKSVERLEIHUNG ERFOLGT. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: BEI DERSELBEN ART GENÜGT EIN MINIMUM, BEI VERSCHIEDENEN ARTEN, WENN EINE GESCHMACKSVERLEIHUNG ERFOLGT.",
+ "FOLGENDE DINGE SIND UND MACHEN VERBOTEN IM QUANTUM EINES MINIMUMS: LIBATIONSWEIN, GÖTZEN, AUSGEHERZTEFELLE, DAS GESTEINIGTERIND, DAS GENICKBROCHENEKALB, DIE VÖGEL DES AUSSÄTZIGEN, DAS HAAR DES NAZIRÄERS, DAS ERSTGEBORENE DES ESELS, FLEISCH MIT MILCH, DER FORTZUSCHICKENDE SÜNDENBOCKUND PROFANE TIERE, DIE IM TEMPEL GESCHLACHTET WORDEN SIND. DIESE ALLE SIND UND MACHEN VERBOTEN IM QUANTUM EINES MINIMUMS.",
+ "WENN LIBATIONSWEIN IN EINE WEINKUFE GEKOMMEN IST, SO IST DAS GANZE ZUR NUTZNIESSUNG VERBOTEN; R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, MAN VERKAUFE DAS GANZE AN EINEN NICHTJUDEN MIT ABZUG DES WERTES DES DARIN BEFINDLICHEN LIBATIONSWEINES.",
+ "WENN EIN NICHTJUDE EINE STEINERNE KELTER AUSGEPICHTHAT, SO REIBE MAN SIE AB UND SIE IST REIN; WENN EINE HÖLZERNE, SO GENÜGT ES, WIE RABBI SAGT, EBENFALLS, WENN MAN SIE ABREIBT; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, MAN MÜSSE DAS PECH ABKRATZEN; WENN EINE IRDENE, SO IST SIE VERBOTEN, SELBST WENN MAN DAS PECH ABGEKRATZT HAT.",
+ "WER GEBRAUCHSGERÄTEVON NICHTJUDEN KAUFT, MUSS SIE, WENN MAN SIE KALT ABZUSPÜLEN PFLEGT, ABSPÜLEN, AUSZUBRÜHEN PFLEGT, AUSBRÜHEN, UND WENN MAN SIE IM FEUER AUSZUBRENNEN PFLEGT, IM FEUER AUSBRENNEN. EINEN BRATSPIESS UND EINEN ROST BRENNE MAN IM FEUER AUS, EIN MESSER SCHLEIFE MAN, UND ES IST REIN."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1370525b1601e0d2c5a44d24b8c52b216f1cac6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tThree days before \"ideihen\" [(an epithet for \"their festivals\")] of the idolators it is forbidden to trade with them [(to sell or to buy) because they go and thank their gods (for it) on the day of their festival], to lend them [animals or vessels, things that are returned intact] or to borrow from them; to lend them [money, which is not returned intact, loans being given to be spent] or to borrow (money) from them; to pay them (a debt) [When they are paid they go and thank their god on their holiday], or to exact payment from them. R. Yehudah said: Payment may be exacted of them for they are distressed [over their lost money and will not go and thank (their god).] They said to him: Even though they are distressed now, they will be happy afterwards [on the morrow, the day of their festival, and will go and thank (their god). The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah. And it is only for a written loan that it is forbidden to exact payment of them; but for a verbal loan it is permitted, it being considered as rescuing (his money from their hand)]",
+ "\tR. Yishmael says: Three days before and three days afterwards it is forbidden, and the sages say: Before their festivals it is forbidden and afterwards it is permitted. [And this is the halachah. And in the exile where we cannot prevent ourselves from dealing with them, their being the major source of our livelihood, and also, because we fear them, only their festival day itself is forbidden. And today it is regarded as permitted even on the day itself, the rabbis taking it for granted that they do not go and thank (their god); for all that is forbidden in this tractate obtains with actual idolators and idolatry only.]",
+ "\tAnd these are the festivals of the nations: the calends (the Roman New Year) [eight days after the Teveth (winter) solstice]; the Saturnalia [eight days before the solstice. When Adam saw the days growing shorter, he thought: \"Woe unto me! Can it be because I have sinned that the world is returning to (primordial) emptiness and void!\" — whereupon he sat eight days in fasting and in prayer. When, with the advent of the Teveth solstice, he saw the days growing progressively longer, he said: \"It was (only) the natural course of things\" — whereupon he celebrated an eight-day festival. The following year he established both (eight day periods as festivals). He dedicated them to Heaven; they (the heathens), to idolatry]; the Kratisis [the day of the king's investiture, which they established as a festival]; the Genusia [coronation day] of kings; the [king's] birthday; and the day of his death. These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: Every death where there is burning [i.e., where they burn his personal effects with him, as they do with kings], there is a festival [i.e., they establish a festival for idolatry on that day; and so, from year to year, all the days of his son. And all of the aforementioned days are of special significance to them and are forbidden (in the aforementioned activities) three days before]; and where there is no burning there is no festival day. But the day of the shaving of his beard, [which is not fixed for all, but which each one makes a festival day], and (the day of the cutting of) his locks [which he leaves behind him the whole year and which he cuts only from year to year, making a festival on that day], and the day that he comes up from the sea, [which he makes a festival day for having been saved], and the day that he is released from prison, and the day on which a gentile makes a feast for his son [-- On all of these occasions, the aforementioned activities] are forbidden, only on that day [ and not before ], and only for that man (celebrating his holiday) [because they are of relatively lesser significance.]",
+ "\tA city which worshipped a certain idolatry — [on the day of its festival for that idolatry] — outside of it, [even very close to that city] it is permitted [to do business with its inhabitants (who do not worship that idolatry). For it was their custom that the festival day of the one did not fall on the festival day of the other.] If there were [a festival for] idolatry outside of it, then within it, it is permitted [to do business]. Is it permitted to go there [to that city on the day of its festival?] If the way is paved [specifically] to that place, it is forbidden [to go there. For he thereby gives the impression that he is going to serve that idolatry] And if he could walk upon it [i.e., if the road were also paved] to another city, it is permitted, [for the observer could think that he is going there] A city that served idolatry, with shops, some decorated, [a sign that the priests collected from them a tariff for idolatry] some undecorated — this transpired in Beth Shean, and the sages ruled: the decorated ones are forbidden and the undecorated ones, permitted. [For these did not collect tariff for idolatry, and no benefit would accrue to idolatry thereby. (And to buy from them \"something that endures\" on their festival day is permitted, for the seller will be sad (for parting with it) and will not go and thank (his god for the business).]",
+ "\tThese are things that it is forbidden to sell to idolators: itztroblin (fruits of a cedar), b'noth shvach [kinds of large white figs] with their spines [on which they hang, the gentile probably wishing to bring them as an offering to idolatry], and frankincense, and a white cock. R. Yehudah says: It is permitted to sell him a white cock among the others. [If a gentile buys many cocks from a Jew it is permitted to sell him a white cock among them; for since he takes others, it is apparent that he does not intend it for idolatry.] And when it is by itself, he cuts its finger and sells it to him, for they do not sacrifice a defective (animal) to idolatry. As for all other things, if he does not specify (what he will use them for) it is permitted (to sell them to him), and if he expressly states [that he desires them for idolatry], it is forbidden. [It is necessary to say this, for I might otherwise think that this man does not really want them for idolatry, but says that he does, thinking that just as he is devoted to idolatry, so are all others, and he says this, hoping that they will \"come down\" (on the price); we are, therefore, told that this is not so.] R. Meir says: It is also forbidden to sell to an idolator [the fruit of] a choice palm, [which are customarily offered to idolatry], chatzav [sugar cane], and niklivam [an unusually fine herb. The halachah is in accordance with R. Meir.]",
+ "\tIn a place where it was the custom to sell a small animal to idolators, they (are permitted to) sell. In a place where it was the custom not to sell, [where they were stringent with themselves, lest they come to sell a large one], they do not sell. And in all places it is not permitted to sell a large animal to them, [the rabbis having decreed (against it) lest he lend or rent his beast to an idolator (who might work with it on Shabbath), and a Jew is exhorted vis-à-vis the resting of his animal (on the Sabbath). And through sirsur (brokerage), which would not be confused with renting, the broker, not renting, it is permitted to sell it.] (And it is not permitted to sell them) calves or young asses, sound or broken. [For even the broken ones are fit for (some kind of) work, [e.g., grinding]. R. Yehudah permits (selling) an unsound beast. [And the halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.] And Ben Betheirah permits (selling) a horse, [even a horse upon which the hunters ride the birds with which they hunt, holding that \"a living being carries itself.\" And the Rabbis hold that it is only a human being that carries itself. Therefore, if it were used only for riding, then (selling) it is permitted. But to carry a different living thing other than a human being is forbidden. And the halachah is not in accordance with Ben Betheirah.]",
+ "\tWe do not sell them bears or lions or anything that can cause harm to the public, [such as weapons of war, swords and spears]; we do not build with them basilicae [high towers where they sit to judge men, and whence they throw them to their death, a gardom [a building where they judge capital cases], stadiums [sports arenas, where they bring goring bulls to kill men], and a bima [a narrow high tower, whence they push men to their death]. But we do build with them bimusioth [buildings which are neither for the purpose of idolatry or for execution] and bath houses. When they reach the dome, where their idols are placed, it is forbidden to continue building.",
+ "\tWe do not sell them what is attached to the ground, [it being written (Deuteronomy 7:2): \"velo techanem\" (\"Give them no resting\") in the land]; but it may be sold when it is cut off. R. Yehudah says: One may sell it to him on condition that it will be cut. We may not rent them houses in Eretz Yisrael [(a decree to forestall selling them, a Torah prohibition)]; and it goes without saying [that it is forbidden to rent] fields, [where two prohibitions obtain, \"resting\" in the land and releasing the land from tithes.] And in Suria [Aram Tzovah, conquered by David, and not of the sanctity of Eretz Yisrael] it is permitted to rent them houses [and we do not decree against it to forestall selling. For even if he did sell he would not be in violation of a Torah prohibition, for \"Give them no resting\" is written only in respect to Eretz Yisrael. But it may not be sold ab initio, in order to forestall selling in Eretz Yisrael.] But fields may not (be sold) [because two prohibitions relate to them (see above).] And [far] outside of Eretz Yisrael [where selling is not to be decreed against to forestall selling in Eretz Yisrael], houses are sold to them and fields are rented, [but fields are not sold, because two prohibitions relate to them.] These are the words of R. Meir. R. Yossi says: In Eretz Yisrael houses are rented to them, but not fields. And in Suria houses are sold and fields rented. And outside Eretz Yisrael both are sold. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi, provided that he does not rent to three gentiles together, so that he not make a neighborhood of gentiles.]",
+ "\tEven in a place where they permitted renting, [(according to R. Meir, in Suria alone and not in Eretz Yisrael; and, according to R. Yossi, even in Eretz Yisrael)], they did so, not for dwelling, [(but only to store there straw, wood, and the like)] because he (the idolator) brings idolatry into it (his house), it being written (Deuteronomy 3:27): \"You shall not bring idolatry into your house.\" And in any place, he may not rent him his bath house, for it is called by his (the Jew's) name, [and the gentile heats it on Shabbath, and people will come to say: \"This Jew's bath house is open on Shabbath.\" This is not comparable to the instance of a Jew's field which a gentile lessee (aris) works on Shabbath. For a field is made for leasing and the gentile does his own work (and not that of the Jew). But a bath house is not made for leasing and not everyone knows that a Jew rented it to the gentile. For this reason it is forbidden. And in our days, when it is common to lease a bath house for a year, a half-year, a third, or a quarter, as a field (is leased), it is permitted to rent a bath house to a gentile. And even though the gentile works there on Shabbath, people know that the gentile is a leaseholder there and that he is doing his own work.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tA beast may not be stood at the inns of idolators, [where wayfarers lodge], for idolators are suspect of sodomy. [This is even forbidden with female (beasts) vis-à-vis females. For idolators are familiar with their friends' wives, and sometimes, not finding them, might use the beast.] And a woman may not be alone with them, for they are suspect of illicit relations. [Even a type of yichud (\"being alone\") which is permitted with a Jew (as with a Jewess and a Jew, when his wife is with him) is forbidden for a Jewess and an idolator; for his wife does not \"guard\" him.] And a man may not be alone with them, for they are suspect of killing. A Jewess may not deliver a gentile, for she thereby delivers a son for idolatry. [But for a fee it is permitted, so as not to generate hatred.] But a gentile may deliver a Jewess [when other Jews are standing over her, but not when they are alone; for they are suspect of blood-spilling (i.e., she might kill the child)]. A Jewess may not nurse the child of a gentile; but a gentile may nurse the child of a Jew in her (the Jew's) home.",
+ "\tIt is permitted to be healed by them, a healing of money [i.e., one's animals], but not a healing of souls [i.e., one's body. And if he says to him: \"This medicine is good for you,\" even the healing of his body is permitted therewith.] And one may not have his hair cut by them in all places. These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: In the public domain it is permitted; but not in privy. [And if he (who is having his hair cut) looks in a mirror, it is permitted. For the gentile will think, since he does this, he must be a distinguished person, and he will be afraid to kill him.]",
+ "\tThese things of the idolators are forbidden (to a Jew), and their issur (prohibition) is an issur of (derivation of) benefit: (their) wine, and the vinegar of an idolator, which, in the beginning, was wine [to exclude the gentile's having bought vinegar from a Jew, in which instance benefit is not forbidden. For the reason benefit is forbidden is that he might have offered it as a libation to idolatry, and vinegar is not offered as a libation]; and Hadrianic earthenware [The emperor Hadrian would knead clay with wine and make vessels of it without smelting it in an oven. They would take these to war, and when they wished they would place the shards in water, in which they would dissolve. The clay would sink to the bottom and the wine would remain diluted in the water — thus the name \"Hadrianic earthenware\"]; and \"heart-hides,\" (\"oroth levuvin\") [so called because they would make a round hole (in the hide) from which they extracted the heart (lev) and offered it up to idolatry.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: When its (the hide's) cut is round, it is forbidden; when it is extended (in a straight line), it is permitted; [for only a round cut is made for idolatry. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.] It is permitted (to derive benefit from) flesh that goes in to (be offered to) idolatry (it not yet having been offered) and it is forbidden (to derive benefit from) flesh that goes out, [it already having been devoted to idolatry]; for it is like \"the sacrifices of the dead\" (Psalms 106:28). These are the words of R. Akiva. Those who go to tarputh [idolatrous debauchery (from \"beth tarpah,\" a woman's pudendum)] — it is forbidden to deal with them; [for they then go and thank their idolatry (for the sale), and, what is more, they buy (with the proceeds) what they need for their idolatrous offerings.) The halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva.]",
+ "\tThe [leathern] skins of the gentiles and their [earthenware], vessels, and the wine of a Jew inside them are forbidden, and their issur (prohibition) is an issur of (derivation of) benefit. These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: Their issur is not an issur of benefit. [And this is their din: If they are new, it is permitted to put wine in them immediately. And if the gentile had placed wine in them to keep, he fills them with water which he leaves there for three full days, spilling out the water every full day of the three days and replacing it with fresh water, after which it is permitted to put wine in them. And if twelve months had passed without a gentile's wine being in them, they are permitted immediately thereafter without emptying.] The shells and kernels (of grapes) of a gentile are forbidden, and their issur is an issur of benefit. These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: Wet ones are forbidden [all twelve months, in derivation of benefit], and dry ones are permitted [to eat, after twelve months.] The muries [(fish) brine, into which they used to put wine)] and the cheeses of the gentiles of Beth Unyaki [a village in which most of the calves were sacrificed to idolatry] are forbidden in (derivation of) benefit. These are the words of R. Meir. [R. Meir is apprehensive of the minority (of instances), holding that even though the majority of the calves are a minority relative to the other animals, we are apprehensive of the minority, and vis-à-vis all the cheeses that are found there we are afraid they may have been curdled in the stomachs of calves sacrificed to idolatry.] And the sages say: Their issur is not an issur of benefit. [The sages are not apprehensive of the minority. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir in all of these three instances.]",
+ "\tR. Yehudah said: R. Yishmael asked R. Yehoshua as they were walking along the road: Why were the cheeses of idolators forbidden [to eat]? [The query is to the Rabbis. There is no need to be apprehensive of the milk of an unclean animal for we know that such milk does not curdle.] He answered: Because they curdle them in the maw of carrion. R. Yishmael: But is the maw of a burnt-offering not more stringent (vis-à-vis derivation of benefit) than that of carrion, not withstanding which they said: A Cohein who can tolerate it quaffs it raw, [it being nothing more than a secretion]! (And they did not concede it to him [to permit it ab initio] but told him: It is not permitted to derive benefit from it, but a meilah [abuse of sacred property] offering is not brought [if benefit were derived from it]). Then he (R. Yehoshua) repeated: Because they curdle it in the maw of calves (devoted to) idolatry. [And even though it is a mere secretion, it is forbidden, it being written in respect to idolatry (Deuteronomy 13:18): \"And let there adhere to your hand naught from the spoil.\"] He (R. Yishmael) thereupon asked: If so, why did they not forbid derivation of benefit from it? — whereupon he diverted him to another matter, [but he did not want to give the reason for it, for twelve months had not yet elapsed since the issuance of this decree; and when the rabbis issue a decree they do not reveal its reason until the thirteenth month (from its issuance) until it has taken hold, lest there be one who will question the reason and come to cheapen it. And the reason that they forbade the cheeses of gentiles is that they curdle it in the skin of the maw of the slaughtered animals of gentiles, which is neveilah (carrion). And though it is negligible relative to all of the milk, still, since it curdles the milk and acts upon it, it is not nullified, the rule being: \"All goes according to the catalyst.\" And the interdiction against milk and meat would not forbid it, for if the meat itself were permitted, it would not forbid the milk, though it curdled it until it imparted a flavor (of meat) to it. But a thing which is forbidden in itself (e.g., neveilah) forbids the permitted even if it does not impart a flavor to it, so long as it curdles it.] (\"whereupon he diverted him to a different matter\") asking him: Yishmael how do you read it (Song of Songs 1:2): \"for your [Israel's] love [of the L rd] ('dodecha') is better than wine,\" or: \"for Your [the L rd's] love [of Israel] ('dodayich') is better than wine\"? He answered: \"for better is dodayich\" — whereupon he (R. Yehoshua) said: It is not so, as is indicated by what follows (3): \"For fragrance Your oils are good, etc.\" (the context clearly indicating that Israel is addressing the L rd). [Israel is saying before the Holy One Blessed be He: \"Sweeter to me are the words of dodecha (Your loved ones, i.e., the measures ordained and decreed by the sages) more than 'the wine of Torah,' (the written Torah itself).\"]",
+ "\tThese things of gentiles are forbidden (to eat), but their issur is not one of (derivation of) benefit: milk (from an animal) milked by a gentile without being observed by a Jew, and their loaf and their oil [All of these are forbidden for fear that they will lead to fraternization (and intermarriage). They permitted a baker's loaf, but a householder's loaf was permitted only to wayfarers and in situations of stress. And when they saw that the issur of oil did not \"take,\" they convened and permitted it, as stated in the Mishnah]. (Rabbi and his beth-din permitted oil.), and shelakoth [Anything cooked by gentiles even in the utensils of a Jew and even in his presence, where there is no apprehension of the intermixture of anything that is forbidden or of the pollutions of idolatry is forbidden because of \"the cooked things of gentiles.\" ([bishulei nachrim]. This, if he were not assisted by a Jew neither in the beginning nor in the end of the cooking.) And they forbade because of bishulei nachrim only something which is not eaten raw and which is placed upon the royal table to complement the loaf; but if one of these is lacking, bishulei nachrim does not obtain.], and preserves, to which wine and vinegar are customarily added [Derivation of benefit is not forbidden in such an instance because the taste of wine is not perceptible in them, but it is forbidden to eat them], and a hash of tarith [clean fish, whose identity is not recognizable. It is forbidden when taken from gentiles because of the possibility that an unclean fish is intermixed with them.], and a brine in which dagah kilbith is not found. [This is a small fish called kilbith, which grows in clean fish. If the brine of an unclean fish is intermixed with it, kilbith will not grow there.], and chilak [a kind of small clean fish, which have no fins and scales (as yet) but which will grow them later. Small unclean fish similar to them become intermixed with them and are not discernible, even when they are not hashed. But in the instance of tarith (above) the unclean fish are not similar to it, for which reason it is permitted when unhashed.], and a piece of chiltith [(a plant, so called in Arabic), which is cut into pieces with a knife. It is forbidden because of the fattiness of the knife, whose (forbidden) taste the chiltith absorbs by reason of its \"sharpness.\"], and salkontith salt, [which was used by all the Roman nobles. They used to smear it with pig fat and with the fats of unclean fish. It is rough and very white.] (All of these are forbidden to eat, but their issur is not one of (derivation of) benefit.)",
+ "\tThese may be eaten: milk (from an animal) milked by a gentile in sight of a Jew, [not necessarily being seen by the Jew, but being visible to the Jew if he (the Jew) stood up. The gentile would be afraid (to milk an unclean animal in the Jew's presence), thinking: If he gets up, he will see me (and will not buy from me)], and their honey, and their davdevaniyoth [(loaves of honey taken from the hive.) Even though they drip, we do not fear that he may have put libation wine into them. Another interpretation: Clusters of grapes. Even though the wine drips from them, they are not forbidden by reason of libation wine.] And they [the drippings] are not hechsher mashkeh (an agent of uncleanliness) [i.e., they do not create susceptibility (of the grapes) to uncleanliness, for they (the grapes) are meant for eating and he does not desire the liquid that drips from them.], and preserves into which we are not accustomed to place vine and vinegar, and a tarith that is not hashed. [Even though it is cut in pieces, the head and spine are intact and it is discernible as a clean fish.], and a brine in which there is dagah, and a leaf of chiltith, [which it is not customary to cut with a knife], and exotic pressed olives, [olives placed in a round vessel and warmed and pressed of themselves until they become like rounded eggs. (These may be eaten)] R. Yossi says the \"cast-outs\" are forbidden. [If the olives have become so soft that when he takes an olive in his hand the pit is cast out and falls of itself, they are forbidden because (we suspect that) they have been softened by wine. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi.] The locusts that come from the basket [before the shopkeeper] are forbidden, [for we fear that he may have sprinkled wine upon them to soften them]. (Those that come) from the store-room are permitted, [for he does not sprinkle wine upon them before offering them for sale.] And the same applies to terumah. [If a Cohein is suspect of selling terumah as chullin, everything found in front of him is forbidden (lest it be terumah). But if he takes it from the store-room, it is permitted, for he fears that the rabbis might hear of it and rule his entire supply hefker (ownerless)]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAll images (tzelamim) are forbidden [in (derivation of) benefit] because they are worshiped one day a year, [when the sun is at the same height as it was when the image was made. For though there are many images that are made for beauty only and are not worshiped, R. Meir is consistent with his view that minority instances are to be apprehended.] And the sages say: Only those tzelamim holding a rod or a bird or a ball (are forbidden). [For these tzelamim are certainly worshiped, the objects having been placed in their hands because of their distinction. (In the baraitha there are added: sword, crown, and ring.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: All (are forbidden) that are holding any thing. [The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tIf one finds the fragments of images, they are permitted. [For (even) if they were whole, there is a doubt (safek) as to whether they were or were not worshiped. And even if you say that they were worshiped, perhaps they were annulled, for which reason they were broken — so that they are sfek-sfekah (\"a doubt of a doubt\"), where the ruling is for leniency.] If one found the form of a hand or the form of a foot, they are forbidden, for their like (if whole) is worshiped. [Ab initio, they make for themselves the form of a hand (or a foot) and worship them.]",
+ "\tIf one finds vessels on which are depicted the form of the sun, the form of the moon [Rambam explains: Not that he finds a circular object and says: This is the sun; or a crescent-shaped object and says: This is the moon, but that he finds a figure that the astrologers see as representing the sun or the moon, viz.: The sun is represented as a crowned king riding on a chariot, and the like.], the form of Dracon, [a serpent, having appendages and scales like those of a fish. (They say that it represents the rays of the moon, which was worshiped in those days.) And even the Rabbis, who say above that all other tzelamim are permitted agree that these are forbidden, being objects of worship.] — they should be thrown into the Dead Sea. R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: [Those forms] that are on valued objects, [such as bracelets, nose rings and (finger) rings, and the like] are forbidden, and those on common objects, [such as kettles, boilers, heaters, and the like] are permitted. R. Yossi says: He should take them and throw them to the winds or cast them into the sea [so that no Jew benefit from them] — whereupon they said to him: But that, too, [(grinding them down and throwing them to the wind, is of benefit to the Jews)], converting (the objects) into fertilizer, and it is written (Deuteronomy 13:18): \"And let naught of the spoil adhere to your hand!\"",
+ "\tProclus the son of Plospos asked R. Gamliel in Acco when he bathed in the baths of Aphrodite [(where there was an image of the star Venus; thus, Rambam)]: \"It is written in your Torah (Deuteronomy 13:18): 'And let naught of the spoil adhere to your hand.' Why, then, do you bathe in the baths of Aphrodite?\" He answered: \"One does not answer (questions of Torah) in the bath-house\" [(because he stands naked there)]. When he went out, he said to him: \"I did not enter her (Aphrodite's) border; she entered my border\" [i.e., the bath-house was there before she was, and the bath-house was made for all who came to bathe] and [another answer]: \"We do not say: Let us make a bath-house as an ornament for Aphrodite, [a bath-house not being ornamental], but \"Let us make an Aphrodite as an ornament for the bath-house,\" [Aphrodite being secondary to the bath-house]. Another indication (that the Aphrodite was placed there for ornament and not for worship): \"Even if they gave you a great deal of money (for doing so), you would not go to your idolatry naked, or having experienced a (seminal) discharge, and (you would not) urinate before it. Yet this (Aphrodite) stands before the (sewage) duct, and all the people urinate before it, (which indicates that the Aphrodite was placed there for ornament and not for worship.) It is written (that you are not to derive benefit from) \"their gods\" (Deuteronomy 12:2). A Jew may not (derive benefit) from what they perceive as a god; but he may (derive benefit) from what they do not perceive as a god (but as an ornament).",
+ "\tThe gentiles who worship the mountains and the hills — they [the mountains themselves] are permitted [for sowing and for hewing stones from them, what is rooted, not being forbidden]; and what is upon them is forbidden. As it is written (Deuteronomy 8:25): \"You shall not covet the silver and gold upon them and take it.\" R. Yossi Haglili says (Ibid. 12:2): \"Destroy shall you destroy… their gods upon the mountains\"; but the mountains (themselves) are not their gods. \"their gods upon the hills\"; but the hills (themselves) are not their gods. Why, then, is an asheirah (a tree devoted to idolatry) forbidden? [That is, just as we expound \"their gods upon the mountains\"; but the mountains themselves are not their gods, we can expound (Ibid.): \"their gods are under every leafy tree\"; but the leafy tree (itself) is not their god!] Why, then, does the Torah forbid (derivation of benefit from) it, it being written (Ibid. 7:5): \"And their asheirah trees shall you cut down\"?] Because a man's hands have a \"hold\" in it. [i.e., because a man's hands planted it, (R. Yossi holding that a tree planted by a man and then worshiped by him is forbidden.) And the first tanna holds that since in the beginning he did not intend to worship it, his subsequent worship of it, since it is attached to the ground, does not forbid it, it being comparable to worshiping a mountain. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yossi.] R. Akiva said: I will explain and analyze for you: Wherever you find a high mountain and a high hill and a leafy tree, know that there is idolatry there. [i.e., since we cannot expound the exclusion clause of \"under every leafy tree,\" we can say that it was stated only to give them signs of where the Emorites were likely to serve idolatry, so that Israel should seek it out and destroy it. And \"upon the mountains\" and \"upon the hills\" (Ibid. 12:2) are understood as exclusion clauses, that we are not commanded to destroy the mountains themselves (but what is upon them). But we are commanded to destroy the leafy trees, viz. (Ibid. 3): \"And their asheiroth shall you burn in fire.\"]",
+ "\tIf one's house adjoined idolatry [i.e., if one of its walls were (part of) a house of idolatry, and the house itself was worshiped], and it (that wall) fell, it is forbidden to rebuild it, [for he thereby builds a house of idolatry. ] What can he do? He moves (the wall) four cubits [within his property, and he builds. And he does not leave it (the intervening space) empty; for he would thereby be benefitting idolatry (by aggrandizing its space.) But he fills the space with thorns and makes it a lavatory for the young.] If it [the space of the thickness of the wall] were [half] his and [half] idolatry's, it is estimated half and half. [i.e., that space of idolatry does not enter into four cubits (of his property); but only his space does. So that if the space of the wall were two cubits, he counts one cubit of his (of the wall) and moves it three cubits within his property]. The stones, the wood, and the sand of that (common) wall cause tumah as a sheretz (a creeping thing) does, [even the part of the Jew, for there is no distinguishing (between the two parts). It causes tumah by contact (maga) and not by carrying (massa), for the tumah of idolatry, being rabbinically ordained, they (the rabbis) were lenient therein. And it does not cause tumah (by contact) with the size of a lentil, as a sheretz does, but only with the size of an olive, as a dead body does.], it being written (of idolatry) (Deuteronomy 7:26): \"Shaketz (like \"sheretz\") teshaktzenu\" — \"Despite shall you despise it.\" R. Akiva says: (It causes tumah) as a niddah does, it being written (Isaiah 30:22): \"You will cast them (your idols) away, like a niddah. Begone! will you say to it (idolatry).\" Just as a niddah causes tumah by massa, so does idolatry. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Akiva, even with idolatry itself — how much more so, with its appurtenances.]",
+ "\tThere are three \"houses\" [in respect to the annulment of idolatry]: a house that was built ab initio for idolatry (even though it were not yet worshiped) is forbidden (in the derivation of benefit); if it were plastered or decorated or renovated for idolatry, he removes what was originated [and the rest of the house is permitted]; if he brought idolatry into it [for the moment, without designating the house for worship,] and he took it out, it is permitted. There are three \"stones\" [in respect to annulments]: a stone which was hewed ab initio to serve as a pedestal (for idolatry) is forbidden; if he plastered and decorated it for idolatry [ after it was hewed], a Jew may remove what the gentile had added [ and the stone is permitted]; if he had placed idolatry upon it [for the moment, and had not devoted the stone as a pedestal,] it is permitted. There are three asheiroth. A tree that had been planted ab initio for idolatry is forbidden; if he had cut it down and pared it for idolatry [to worship the shoots that it would now generate], and it generated new shoots, he takes what it had generated, [i.e., what grew in place of those he had cut down [and burns them as per the din of asheirah, and what remains is permitted]; if he had placed an idol under it (a tree) and nullified it, it (the tree) is permitted. What is an asheirah\" R. Shimon says: Every (tree) which is worshiped. [The Gemara explains that this refers to the \"three asheiroth\" discussed above, viz. there are three asheiroth; two instances are agreed upon by all, and one is a machloketh (dispute) between R. Shimon and the rabbis. Which is that? Whatever has an idol beneath it, the rabbis calling it an asheirah and forbidding it as long as the idol is beneath it, and R. Shimon saying that an asheirah is only that which is itself worshiped; but whatever has an idol beneath it is not itself an asheirah. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Simon.] It happened in Tzaidan that they found a heap under a tree which (ostensibly) was worshiped. R. Shimon said to them: \"Examine this heap.\" They did so and found an idol in it — whereupon he said to them: \"Since it is the idol that they worship, let us permit the tree to them.\"",
+ "\tOne must not sit in its (an asheirah's) shade; but if he did, he is tahor (clean). [This \"shade\" does not refer to the boughs of the asheirah. For (if it did) we could not continue \"but if he did he is tahor.\" For we learn further: \"and if he did pass under it, he is tamei (unclean). But (the understanding is that) from the tree onwards, when the sun is in the east or in the west, everything casts a long shadow (in which he must not sit.)] And he should not pass under it [under the boughs of the tree. For the tree \"tents\" over him, and if he passes under it he is tamei.] If it \"robbed\" the public [i.e., if its boughs extended into the public domain], he is tahor. [For this is rabbinical tumah, and where it robs the public, the rabbis did not decree.] And greens may be sowed beneath it in the rainy season, [when the tree is harmful to them, keeping the sun from them], but not in the sunny season, [when the shade is beneficial to them]. And lettuce, neither in the sunny season nor in the rainy season, [the shade being always beneficial to them.] R. Yossi says: Neither [should] greens [be sowed] in the rainy season; for the leaves fall upon them (the greens) and are fertilizer for them. [The Gemara asks: But do we not infer that R. Yossi holds that if two things (one permitted and the other forbidden) contribute (to the result), it is permitted? (as we see earlier in this chapter, Mishnah 3, in respect to crumbling them and casting them to the wind, even though it becomes fertilizer). So that if the soil, which is permitted, and fertilizer of idolatry, which is forbidden, contribute to the growing of the greens, R. Yossi holds that it (the result) is permitted. How, then, can he forbid the greens here because the leaves fall on them! And the Gemara answers that R. Yossi is addressing himself to the opinion of the Rabbis, viz.: According to you, who hold that (the result of) \"this and this contributing\" is forbidden, you should have forbidden the greens because the leaves fall on them and become fertilizer for them! And the Rabbis hold this case to be different; for the idolatrous tree does not avail the greens at all. For what it adds to them by way of fertilizer it detracts from them by way of shade! And the halachah is in accordance with R. Yossi and (the result of) \"this and this contribute\" is permitted.]",
+ "\tIf he took (pieces of) wood from it, [the asheirah], benefit may not be derived from them. If he fired the oven with them — if it were new, it must be broken; if it were old, it must cool off. [For the first firing of a stove strengthens it, so that (in this instance) it benefits by what is forbidden. This Mishnah is in accordance with the view that (the result of) \"this and this contributes\" is forbidden. (This is not the halachah.) Therefore, both a new oven and an old oven must cool down, so that the loaf not be baked by this firing — until the oven cools off, so that benefit not be derived from forbidden wood.] If he baked a loaf in it, it is forbidden to derive benefit from it. [The Gemara qualifies this, viz.: This is so, only when the torch (of forbidden wood) is opposite him, i.e., that as long as the loaf is baking, it (the torch) burns in the mouth of the oven and bakes it, so that he derives benefit from what is forbidden while it is intact and the benefit of the wood inheres in the loaf.] If it (the asheirah loaf) became intermixed with other loaves, they are all forbidden in (derivation of) benefit. R. Eliezer says: Let him cast its benefits [i.e., the worth of the intermixed loaf] into the Dead Sea — whereupon they said to him: Idolatry cannot be redeemed. If he took from it (the asheirah, a piece of wood to use as) a weaver's shuttle, benefit may not be derived from it. If he weaved a garment with it, benefit may not be derived from it. If it (the garment) became intermixed with others, and the others with others, they are all forbidden in (derivation of) benefit. R. Eliezer says: Let him cast its benefit [i.e., the worth of the intermixed garments] into the Dead Sea — whereupon they said to him: Idolatry cannot be redeemed. [The Mishnah adduces the argument between R. Eliezer and the Rabbis in these two instances (the loaf and the shuttle). For if it adduced just the first, I might think that only in this instance (that of the loaf) did R. Eliezer say (that its benefit may be cast into the Dead Sea, etc.), for at the time that the loaf was finished (baking), its issur (the wood) was burnt; but in the instance of the shuttle, where the issur remains intact, perhaps he would concede to the Rabbis (that it may not be cast into the Dead Sea.) And if it adduced just the second, I might think that only in that instance (that of the shuttle) did the Rabbis say (that it may not be redeemed), but in the instance of the loaf, they would concede to R. Eliezer (that its benefit could be cast into the Dead Sea). Therefore, it is necessary to adduce both instances. And the halachah is in accordance with R. Eliezer. And even if a jug of forbidden wine became intermixed with jugs of permitted wine, he may cast its worth into the Dead Sea and benefit may be derived from all of the others.]",
+ "\tHow dos he [a gentile] nullify it [an asheirah]? If he plucks them [twigs of the asheirah, to burn for his purposes] or he cuts off [its wet leaves], or if he takes from it a stick or a staff, or even a leaf, it is nullified. If he files it [shefayah (see Targum [veshafith] on Devarim 9:21) ] — if for its own need [i.e., to beautify it], it is forbidden; if not, it is permitted. [And only an adult gentile, who is knowledgeable in idolatry and its appurtenances can nullify idolatry. And even if he is forced to do so, his nullification stands.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Yishmael says: Three stones, one beside the other, [and, it goes without saying, one atop two, the \"essential\" Mercury], beside (an idol of) Mercury, are forbidden. [\"beside Mercury\": That is, four ells to the side of Mercury, it being known that they did not fall from it. It is of this that R. Yishmael says that three stones are forbidden, Mercury not being less than three stones. They would make a small Mercury beside the big one. And this small one would be made with stones of any size, without care being taken that it be one stone atop two]. And the sages say that those seen with it are forbidden, and those not seen with it, permitted. [The Rabbis hold that a small Mercury is not made beside a big one. Therefore, if the stones can be seen together with it, i.e., if they are near it, so that it can be said that they have fallen from it, whether two or three, they are forbidden. If they cannot be seen together with it, they are permitted. The halachah is in accordance with the Rabbis.]",
+ "\tIf one found on its head money, clothing or vessels, they are permitted. [That is, if they are not placed there for decoration, as when the money is in a pouch slung over its neck, clothing folded and placed on its shoulder or on its head, and vessels, too, placed on its head, all of these not being put there for decoration.] Grape clusters, wreaths of ears, wines, oils, and flours, and all things, the likes of which are offered on the altar are forbidden.",
+ "\tAn idolatry that had (appended to it) a garden or a bath-house — it is permitted to derive benefit therefrom without payment [to the idolators]. It is not permitted to derive benefit therefrom with payment. If it belonged both to it and to others, it is permitted to derive benefit therefrom both with or without payment.",
+ "\tThe idolatry of a gentile is forbidden immediately, [it being written (Deuteronomy 7:25): \"the carved images of their gods shall you burn with fire\" — As soon as they are carved they are rendered \"gods\" for him. ] And that of a Jew is not forbidden until it is worshiped, [it being written in that respect (Ibid. 27:15): \"Cursed be the man who shall make a carved or molten image … and do in secret\" — [It is not forbidden] until he does \"secret\" things with it, i.e., until he worships it. For a Jew worships idolatry only in secret, fearing beth-din.] A gentile may nullify his own idolatry, [it being written (Ibid. 7:25): \"The carved images of their gods shall you burn with fire\" — when they relate to them as gods; but if he has nullified it, it is permitted] and (he may also nullify) that of a Jew, [when they are partners. (But this is not the halachah.) A gentile cannot nullify the idolatry of a Jew even if he has partnership in it.] And a Jew cannot nullify the idolatry of a gentile, [even if he permits him to do so]. If one nullifies an idol, he nullifies its appurtenances. (If he nullifies) its appurtenances, they are permitted and it itself is forbidden.",
+ "\tHow does he nullify it? If he cuts off the tip of its ear, the tip of its nose, the tip of its finger; if he defaced it, [i.e., if he mashed it with a mallet until it were defaced], even if he did not diminish it, it is nullified. If he spat in its face, or urinated before it, or dragged it [in the mud] or threw excrement at it, it is not nullified, [his anger having bested him — until he worships it again.] If he sold or pawned it — Rebbi says he has nullified it; but the sages say he has not nullified it. [They argue in the instance of his selling it to a gentile; but if he sold it to a Jewish goldsmith, all agree that it is nullified. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tAn idolatry left behind by its worshipers — If [they left it behind] in a time of peace, it is permitted [Since they went of their own volition and did not take it with them, (it is a sign that) they nullified it]; in a time of war, it is forbidden. The bimusioth of kings [hewn stones fixed on the road for the king as pedestals for idolatry, so that when he passes by there he may bow down to it] are permitted because they are placed there when the kings pass by. The Gemara explains: \"Because they place it down.\" That is, they are not fixed there for all times, but only when the kings pass by. And there are times when the kings pass over different roads and are not concerned for them. Therefore, they are not considered \"appurtenances of idolatry.\"]",
+ "\tThey asked the elders in Rome: \"If He does not desire idolatry, why does He not annul (i.e., destroy) it?\" They answered: \"If they worshiped things not needed by the world, He would do so. But they worship the sun, the moon, the stars, and the constellations. Shall He destroy His world because of the fools!\" The others: \"If so, let Him destroy the things not needed by the world and leave the others!\" The elders: \"We would thus strengthen the hands of their worshipers; for [if they saw the other idolatries wasting of themselves and these (the sun and the moon) enduring], they would say: 'Know these [the sun and the moon] to be true gods, for they have not been destroyed!'\"",
+ "\tIt is permitted to buy a trodden winepress from a gentile, [who trod upon the grapes], even though he (the gentile) takes in his hand [grapes from the wine] and places it on the tapuach [the place (shaped like a mound) where the grapes are gathered. Our tanna holds that it does not become forbidden wine (yayin nesech) until it descends to the cistern. (This is an earlier Mishnah and is not the halachah, but once the wine starts running down it is yayin nesech)]. It is not yayin nesech until it descends to the cistern. Once it descends to the cistern [— then, if a gentile touches it], what is in the cistern is forbidden and the rest is permitted.",
+ "\tOne may tread together with the gentile in the wine-press, [and we do not say that he is deriving benefit from forbidden things. For this tanna holds that it is permitted even to drink it, so long as it did not descend to the cistern. And causing susceptibility to tumah (gorem) does not obtain here. For from the time the gentile trod them a little they become tamei, so that the Jew is not a gorem here.] But he may not pick (grapes) with him. [For he (the gentile) places them into his winepress, which is tamei. And the gentile makes the grapes tamei with his touch, and the Jew, who picks with him, is a gorem of tumah. And this tanna holds that it is forbidden to be a gorem of tumah to chullin (non-consecrated food) in Eretz Yisrael, even that of a gentile. The halachah is not in accordance with this Mishnah, for we hold that once the wine begins flowing down (in the winepress) it becomes yayin nesech. Therefore, it is forbidden to tread with a gentile in the wine-press. And we hold that it is permitted to be a gorem of tumah to chullin in Eretz Yisrael when the chullin belongs to a gentile. Therefore, it is permitted to pick (grapes) with a gentile. And even though, thereby, he is a gorem of tumah to chullin, there is nothing adverse in this. However, a Jew, picking his vineyard may, ab initio, not take a gentile to help him, even to bring the grapes to the wine-press because of \"'Go, go,' (far from the vineyard) 'they say to the Nazarite, etc.'\"] It is forbidden to tread or pick with a Jew who processes (his fruits) in a state of tumah. [He (the owner) transgresses thereby, for he makes the terumoth and ma'aseroth among them tamei. It is, therefore, forbidden to assist him, so that he not become habituated to it.] But he may bring with him [empty] jugs to the winepress, and he may bring with him [full jugs] from the winepress, [for \"what happened, happened.\" Once they (the grapes) become tamei, it is permitted to pour the wine into jugs that are tamei.] It is forbidden to knead (the dough) or to shape it with a baker who processes it in a state of tumah, but he may bring the (finished loaves) with him to the shop.",
+ "\tIf a gentile were found standing beside a cistern of wine — if he had a lien upon it, [the wine standing as a guarantee for his loan, in which instance (it is suspected that) he touched it to sample its taste], it is forbidden; if not, it is permitted. If he (a gentile) fell into a cistern [full of wine], and he rose [to the top, dead — since his touching it when he fell into it does not forbid it in (derivation of) benefit, since he had no intent to touch it (—but if he arose, alive, he forbids it, in (derivation of) benefit, upon his arising, for he thanks his idolatry for his survival —)]; or if he [a gentile] measured it [the wine of a Jew] with a rod; or if he [a gentile] flicked aside a hornet [from the wine of a Jew] with the rod, [not touching the wine with his hand]; or if he struck the mouth (i.e., the foam) of a frothing jug [with his hand (to scatter it, this not being the normal mode of libation] — all of these actually occurred, and they (the sages) ruled: Let is be sold (to a gentile); and R. Shimon permitted it [(the halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon)]. If he took the jug and threw it into the cistern — this actually occurred, and (the sages) permitted it [even for drinking].",
+ "\tOne [a Jew] who trod the grapes of a gentile in kashruth [in order to sell it to a Jew (not giving money to the gentile until he sells it in the future)], and who placed it in his [the gentile's] domain, in a house open to the public domain — In a city where there are gentiles and Jews, it is permitted, [the gentile fearing that a Jew passing through the public domain might see him (touching the wine) and cause him a loss. Even without key or seal, it is permitted. This, on condition that he (the gentile) has no lien on this wine, as when he (the gentile) wrote to him (the Jew) \"I have received from you (money for the wine,\" as stated below (Mishnah 12)]. In a city where there are only gentiles, it is forbidden, unless he places a watchman there. And the watchman need not sit there and keep (constant) watch; but even though he goes out and comes in, it is permitted. R. Shimon says: \"All \"in the domain of a gentile\" is one. [There is a disagreement here between R. Shimon b. Elazar and the first tanna. The first tanna holds that when the Jew places the wine in the domain of a gentile, the owner of the wine — it is only then that the house need be open to the public domain, and that the city be one of both Jews and gentiles. But in the domain of a different gentile, who is not the owner — it is permitted even in a city where there are no Jews. And R. Shimon b. Elazar says: All \"in the domain of a gentile\" is one, and just as when the wine is in the domain of the gentile owner of the wine, it is forbidden unless it be in a city where both Jews and gentiles live and where the house is open to the public domain; here, too, in the domain of a different gentile, these two conditions are required. (The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Elazar.) And when key and seal are in the hand of the Jew, both in the domain of the owner of the wine or in that of a different gentile, it is permitted according to all.]",
+ "\tOne [a Jew] who trod the wine of a gentile and placed it in his [the gentile's] domain, and the other [the gentile] wrote to him: \"I have received money from you,\" it is permitted, [if the house is open to the public domain and Jews live in that city, as stated above.] But if the Jew desires to take it out, and he (the gentile) does not allow him to do so until he pays him his money, [the wine now being a security for the gentile (his having a lien against the wine) — the gentile saying: If they see me (touching the wine) and bring claim against me, I will say it is mine (even though key and seal be in the hand of the Jew)] — this actually occurred in Beth Shean and the sages forbade it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tIf one (a gentile) hires a worker (a Jew) to work for him with yayin nesech [to pour it from vessel to vessel or to take jugs from place to place (even with the ordinary wine of gentiles)], his wages are forbidden (in the derivation of benefit). [This is a penalty imposed upon him by the sages for dealing with yayin nesech or with their ordinary wine.] If he hired him to do other work with him, even if he told him: \"Take this jug of yayin nesech from place to place,\" his wages (for the other work) are permitted, [as when he said to him: \"Each jug for a perutah\"; but if he said to him: \"Deliver for me a hundred jugs for a hundred perutoth,\" and one jug of yayin nesech were found among them, his wages are forbidden.] If one (a gentile) hires an ass (from a Jew) for delivery of yayin nesech, his hire fee is forbidden (to the Jew). If he hired it to ride upon, even if the gentile placed his (wine) vessel upon it, his hire fee is permitted.[This Mishnah is adduced for its latter part, that if one hires an ass to ride upon, even though he apparently hired it also to place his wine vessel and food upon — so that one might think that this is to be considered as if he had hired it ab initio to transport yayin nesech and the hire fee is forbidden — we are apprised otherwise.]",
+ "\tIf yayin nesech fell on grapes, he rinses them [in cold water] and they are permitted. If they were split, they are forbidden. [(Our Mishnah is defective. It was taught (after \"they are forbidden\") thus: \"And if it imparts an unsalutary taste it is permitted.\"] And it happened [thus] with Baitus the son of Zonin that he transported dried figs in a boat, and a jug of yayin nesech broke and fell upon them, and he inquired [the halachah] of the sages and they permitted them. This is the rule: All which in its enjoyment involves the imparting of a [forbidden] flavor is forbidden. All which in its enjoyment does not involve the imparting of a forbidden flavor is permitted, as when [forbidden] vinegar falls upon permitted grits, [in which instance the flavor imparted is an unsalutary one. (And this, when the grits are boiling when the vinegar falls upon them, in which instance it spoils them from beginning to end. There are four types of imparted flavors: 1) a flavor which is salutary from beginning to end, such as that of (forbidden) wine in cooked flesh or fish. This is forbidden of a certainty. 2) a flavor which is unsalutary from beginning to end, such as that of (forbidden) fish fats or (forbidden) flesh in honey. This is permitted ab initio. 3) a flavor that is unsalutary in the beginning but salutary in the end, such as (forbidden) honey in wine, which spoils it at the outset, but which lends it aroma and flavor once the wine gains ascendancy over it. 4) a flavor that is salutary in the beginning, but unsalutary at the end, such as that of the fats of flesh with butter or that (i.e., the flavor of) a vessel, not (used) on the same day, which (flavor) when it entered was salutary, and later became unsalutary. These (last) two are forbidden out of doubt. Therefore, if these grits into which vinegar fell were not boiling, they are forbidden out of doubt. For vinegar in (unboiled) grits is (at first) unsalutary and (then) salutary. And even though, if he boils them afterwards, the flavor is spoiled, this is an instance of enhancing and then spoiling, and it is forbidden (out of doubt).]",
+ "\tIf a gentile, together with a Jew, were taking jugs of wine from place to place — if he (the gentile) were in the status of being watched, it (the wine) is permitted. [So long as he (the Jew) did not inform him that he is leaving, he (the gentile) is in the status of being watched, even if he went a mile away; for the gentile is always afraid that the Jew will return and see him.] If he informs him that he is going far off [and he walks away from him (the jugs being closed) — if he stays away] long enough [for him] to open [\"yistom\" (as in [Numbers 24:3] \"shethum ha'ayin\" — \"the open of eye.\") i.e., to bore a hole in the stopper of the jug], and to re-close it and [for the closing] to dry, [it is forbidden]. R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: [It is not forbidden until he stays away long enough] for him to open it and make another stopper and [for the closing] to dry. [But they were not concerned about his boring a hole in the stopper of the jug, for this is recognizable. And it is only in relation to a lime stopper that the Rabbis differ with R. Shimon b. Gamliel, fearing that he might bore a hole in it, this not being recognizable, the lime being white, and the difference between the old and the new lime not being discernible. But with a clay stopper, the Rabbis concede to R. Shimon b. Gamliel that the wine is not forbidden until he stays away long enough for him to open the entire stopper and replace it and have it dry. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\tIf one left his wine on a wagon or on a boat [with a gentile], and he took a short-cut, [leaving by one gate and returning by the opposite gate] — if he entered the city and bathed [in the bath-house], it (the wine) is permitted. [For since the gentile did not know that he would stay away, he would fear (his early return) and not touch the wine.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: [It is not forbidden until he stays away] long enough for him to open it and make another stopper and [for the closing] to dry. If one leaves a gentile in the shop, even if he (the Jew) goes in and out, it is permitted. And if he informs him that he is going far off [and he walks away from him, and stays away long enough [for him] to open and to reclose it and [for the closing] to dry, [it is forbidden]. R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: [It is not forbidden until he stays away] long enough for him to open it and make another stopper and [for the closing] to dry. [The Mishnah apprises us of the dispute between R. Shimon b. Gamliel and the Rabbis in these three instances. For if it taught [only] the instance of a gentile transporting jugs of wine, I might think it is [only] then that we assume that the gentile will fear his imminent return, but in the instance of a boat or a wagon, he can sail away and do what he wishes without fear. And if it taught [only] the instance of a boat or a wagon and not that of leaving a gentile in his shop, I might think that the gentile would fear to do so only in the first instance, lest the Jew leave by one path and return by another and see him, whereas in the second instance, he might say I will close the shutter and do as I like. Therefore, all three instances must be stated, and in all, the halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\tIf he ate with him at the table and he left a wine bottle on the table and a wine bottle on the side [serving-] table [used for servicing the main table, none of the guests taking from the side table, but only from the main table], and he (the Jew) left — what is on the table is forbidden and what is on the side table is permitted. And if he said to him: \"Pour and drink,\" even that on the side table is forbidden. [Since he gave him \"carte blanche,\" even what is on the side table is forbidden, for he takes this as license to touch everything.] Open jugs [found in the house where he left him] are forbidden; closed ones [are forbidden if he stays away long enough] for him to open them and make another stopper and [for the closing] to dry. [This is stated anonymously, apparently in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel, according to whom we rule in such an instance.]",
+ "\tA search party of gentiles who enter a city — If in a time of peace, the open jugs are forbidden; the closed ones are permitted. If in a time of war, they are both permitted, for there is no time (for the gentiles) to defile them.",
+ "\tJewish craftsmen to whom a gentile sent a jug of yayin nesech as their wage may say to him: \"Give us its (worth in) money,\" [for they have not yet acquired it, and he owes them only money.] But if it entered their domain, it is forbidden. If one sells his wine to a gentile — If he stipulates the price [so much wine for so much money] before he measures it out (into his vessels), its monies (received in exchange) are permitted. [For meshichah (drawing to oneself the object to be acquired) effects acquisition for a gentile as it does for a Jew. So that when the Jew measures it out into his vessels and the vessel enters the domain of the gentile, he acquires it with meshichah, so that the Jew is (already) owed money by the gentile as a loan; and it does not become yayin nesech until the gentile touches (the wine itself).] But if he measures it out (into his vessels) before he stipulates the price, its monies are forbidden. [For the gentile does not acquire it now with meshichah. For since he has not yet stipulated the price, he has not committed himself to acquire it with meshichah, lest the Jew overcharge him. Therefore, when he touches it, it is yayin nesech in the domain of the Jew, the gentile not acquiring it until the price is stipulated.] If he (the Jew) took his funnel and measured out (his wine) into the vessels of the gentile, if it (the funnel) [in which he first measured out the wine for the gentile has a rim of wine, [which prevents one or two drops from leaving its mouth], it is forbidden. [The wine of the Jew is forbidden because of that drop of yayin nesech in the funnel.] If he [a Jew] pours [wine] from his vessel into a vessel [in the hand of a gentile or into a vessel containing yayin nesech], what he poured from is permitted [i.e., the wine remaining in the upper vessel in the hand of the Jew is permitted,] and what he poured into it is forbidden [i.e., the flow that left the Jew's vessel, even though it did not reach the vessel in the hand of the gentile (and, it goes without saying, what did reach the vessel of the gentile), is forbidden. [For \"the flow is regarded as connected\" (to the vessel beneath it.) and our Mishnah, which permits the wine left in the vessel in the hand of the Jew, speaks of an instance where the flow from the upper vessel was cut off before it reached the lower vessel in the hand of the gentile, so that there was no flow here which would connect what was in the upper vessel to what was in the lower vessel. Or, (our Mishnah speaks of an instance) where he shakes out wine from the upper vessel, as from a sprinkling bowl, so that there was no flow which would connect the wine in the vessel in the hand of the Jew to the vessel in the hand of the gentile. But if there were such a connection, then everything remaining in the upper vessel in the hand of the Jew is forbidden as yayin nesech by the principle of the flow being regarded as a connection. This is the halachah.]",
+ "\tYayin nesech is forbidden, and forbids by any amount. Wine [yayin nesech, which became intermixed] with [permitted] wine, and water [used for idolatrous libations or which was itself worshipped, which became intermixed] with [permitted] water [forbids] by any amount. [There is no difference whether the permitted fall into the forbidden or the forbidden into the permitted — it forbids its own kind by any amount, so long as the forbidden that falls into the permitted falls from a wide-mouthed vessel, so that a large amount of wine leaves the vessel at one time. But if one pours yayin nesech from a small vessel, which emerges only drop by drop, and it falls into permitted wine even the whole day, we say of it \"the first drop that falls is cancelled\" (by what it falls into, etc.) And if he pours permitted into forbidden, everything that he pours into the forbidden is forbidden, even a full jug onto one drop.] Wine [which became intermixed] with water, and water [which became intermixed with wine — the criterion is] the producing of a flavor. This is the rule: kind into kind (forbids) by any amount; and kind into what is not its kind, by the producing of a flavor. The conclusion, according to the halachah: All that is forbidden by the Torah, whether (it became intermixed) with its kind or not with its kind (forbids) by producing its flavor — except for tevel (untithed produce) and yayin nesech, which (if intermixed) with its kind (forbids) by any amount; and, if not with its kind, by (producing) its flavor — yayin nesech, because of the stringency of idolatry, and tevel, \"As its permitting, so is its forbidding,\" i.e., Just as one grain (of tithe) permits the entire pile, so one (untithed) grain renders the entire pile tevel. And if an issur (something forbidden) of other types of issurin becomes intermixed with heter (something permitted) — if kind became intermixed with not its kind, so that it can be determined by taste whether it is terumah (tithe) which has become intermixed with chullin (untithed produce), let a Cohein taste it, and if it is a (generic) issur, let a gentile baker taste it. If he says that there is not in the intermixture, the flavor of terumah or the flavor of issur (respectively), all is permitted. And if kind became intermixed with kind, so that it is not possible to rule by flavor, or a kind (which became intermixed) with not its kind and no Cohein or reliable gentile (respectively) is available — then, if the issur is forbidden fats or blood, carrion or treifah, unclean animals or creeping things, and the like — the criterion for the mixture is sixty, i.e., If there are sixty parts of heter to one part of issur, all is permitted, and if not, all is forbidden. And if the issur is terumah, or challah, or bikkurim, the criterion (for permitting the mixture) is one hundred parts of heter; and if arlah and klai hakerem, the criterion is two hundred parts.]",
+ "\tThese are forbidden and forbid by any amount. [Wherever there is an admixture of even one of them in a thousand (of heter), it forbids the whole]: yayin nesech [One jug in a thousand jugs (of heter) forbids all in the derivation of benefit. This is not the halachah, but as we have written in the end of the third chapter, viz.: he casts the worth of that jug into the Dead Sea and it is permitted to derive benefit from the rest and forbidden to drink it.], and idolatry [a worshiped figure which became intermixed with a thousand non-idolatrous figures, and \"heart-hides\" [see 2:33], and a stoned ox, and the birds of a leper [viz. Kiddushin 2:8] and the hair of a Nazirite, [from which it is forbidden to derive benefit, viz. (Numbers 6:18): \"And he shall take the hair of the head of his Naziritism, and he shall place it on the fire under the sacrifice of the peace-offerings.\" If a lock of a Nazir's hair became intermixed with even a thousand locks of other hair, they are all forbidden in derivation of benefit.], the first-born of an ass, [from which derivation of benefit is forbidden so long as it has not been redeemed], and meat in milk [If a piece of meat were cooked in milk, and it became intermixed in a thousand permitted pieces, it is forbidden to derive benefit from all of them. This tanna holds that something which is countable and from which derivation of benefit is forbidden forbids its admixture by any amount. And all these things which are mentioned in our Mishnah are things which are countable and whose issur is that of derivation of benefit], and the sent-away scapegoat, and chullin (a non-consecrated animal) slaughtered in the azarah (the Temple court) [see Kiddushin 2:9] — (All of) these are forbidden and they forbid by any amount. [(\"these\") to exclude things which are not countable or which are countable but not forbidden in derivation of benefit, which do not forbid their admixture by any amount.]",
+ "\tIf yayin nesech falls into a pit [of wine], the whole is forbidden in derivation of benefit, [for the wine which was used as an idolatrous libation forbids its kind by (intermixture in) any amount. But the wine of gentiles which we do not know of a certainty to have been used as a libation, even though derivation of benefit is forbidden therefrom, does not thus forbid its admixture.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: The whole is to be sold to a gentile less the value of that wine of the gentile which is in it. [This is the halachah.]",
+ "\tA winepress of stone tarred by a gentile [It was the practice to put in a little wine and to coat it over with tar] — he (the Jew) wipes it with water and earth and it is clean (i.e., kosher for use). (If the vat were) of wood, [which requires much tar and absorbs much wine] — Rabbi says: He wipes it [as one of stone]; and the sages say: He peels off the tar. [The halachah is not in accordance with Rabbi.] (If the vat were) of earthenware, even if he peeled off the tar, it is forbidden, [both according to Rabbi and according to the sages; for earthenware, aside from the tar, absorbs the wine.]",
+ "\tIf one takes [eating] utensils from a gentile, [(only metal utensils or earthenware utensils coated with lead (and glassware is like metalware)] — what is wont to be immersed, [that is, a vessel which can be rendered ritually clean by immersion and which requires no other procedure (as when it is used with \"cold\")] should be immersed [in a mikveh which is kosher for the immersion of women, and its immersion permits it (for use)]. (What is wont) to be purged (by immersion in boiling water) [such as kettles and plates of metal, which are used with \"hot\"] should be purged [in boiling water. They are placed into a kettle full of boiling water and left there a little. This, after their rust has been scrubbed and removed, after which they are immersed in a mikveh which is kosher for the immersion of women, and they are permitted (for use)]. (What is wont) to be fired (white-heated), [i.e., utensils that are used for dry things], like a spit and a grill, should be fired [until they give off sparks, after which they are immersed and are permitted (for use)]. A knife — shafah and it is (ritually) clean. [He sticks it into hard earth ten times if it has no depressions, and he may eat \"cold\" with it; or he sharpens it with its whetstone and he may eat even \"hot\" with it. If it has depressions, he \"fires\" them. And all of them (the above) — if he used them before he boiled or fired or immersed them (respectively) — it (i.e., what he processed with them) is permitted.]"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb33019d73f4ac1801f2da98ec9b100dae2fe139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
+ "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY-NC",
+ "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "On the three days before the festivals of gentiles the following actions are prohibited, as they would bring joy to the gentile, who would subsequently give thanks to his object of idol worship on his festival: It is prohibited to engage in business with them; to lend items to them or to borrow items from them; to lend money to them or to borrow money from them; and to repay debts owed to them or to collect repayment of debts from them. Rabbi Yehuda says: One may collect repayment of debts from them because this causes the gentile distress. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: Even though he is distressed now, when he repays the money, he is happy afterward that he is relieved of the debt, and therefore there is concern that he will give thanks to his object of idol worship on his festival.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: On the three days before the festivals of gentiles and on the three days after them, it is prohibited to engage in business with those gentiles. And the Rabbis say: It is prohibited to engage in business with them before their festivals, but it is permitted to engage in business with them after their festivals.",
+ "And these are the festivals of gentiles: Kalenda, Saturnalia, and Kratesis, and the day of the festival of their kings, and the birthday of the king, and the anniversary of the day of the death of the king. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Every death that includes public burning is a festival that includes idol worship, and any death that does not include public burning is not a festival that includes idol worship. But in the case of the day of shaving his, i.e., a gentile’s, beard and his locks, and the day of his ascent from the sea, and the day that he left prison, and also in the case of a gentile who prepared a wedding feast for his son and celebrates on that day, engaging in business is prohibited only on that day and with that man.",
+ "In the case of a city in which there is active idol worship, it is permitted to engage in business transactions with gentiles who live outside of the city. If the idol worship is outside the city, it is permitted to engage in business within the city. What is the halakha with regard to traveling there, a place where a pagan festival is being celebrated? When the road is designated only for that place, it is prohibited to use the road, as onlookers will assume that the traveler intends to join the festival. But if one were able to travel on it to arrive at another place, it is permitted to use the road to reach the place that is observing the festival. With regard to a city in which idol worship is practiced and in which there are stores that are adorned for the sake of idol worship and there are others that are not adorned, this was in fact an incident that occurred in Beit She’an, and the Sages said: With regard to the adorned shops, it is prohibited to buy from them, but in the case of those that are not adorned it is permitted.",
+ "These are the items that it is prohibited to sell to a gentile at any time of year, as they are used specifically for idol worship: Itzterubalin, benot shuaḥ, petotarot, frankincense, and a white rooster. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is permitted to sell a white rooster to a gentile provided that it is sold along with other types of roosters. But when it is sold by itself, one should cut off its toe and sell it to the gentile, because they do not sacrifice a defective animal to their object of idol worship. And with regard to all remaining items, without specification it is permitted to sell them, but with specification it is prohibited to sell them. Rabbi Meir says: Even in the case of a good palm tree, ḥatzav, and naklav, it is prohibited to sell them to gentiles.",
+ "In a place where the residents were accustomed to sell small domesticated animals to gentiles, one may sell them. In a place where they were not accustomed to sell them, one may not sell them. But in every place, one may not sell them large livestock, calves, or foals, whether these animals are whole or damaged. The Sages prohibited these sales lest a Jew’s animal perform labor for the gentile on Shabbat in violation of an explicit Torah prohibition, as explained in the Gemara. Rabbi Yehuda permits the sale of a damaged animal because it is incapable of performing labor, and ben Beteira permits the sale of a horse for riding, because riding a horse on Shabbat is not prohibited by Torah law.",
+ "One may not sell bears, or lions, or any item that can cause injury to the public, to gentiles. One may not build with them a basilica [basileki], a tribunal [gardom], a stadium [itztadeyya], or a platform. But one may build with them small platforms [bimmusiot] and bathhouses. Even in this case, once he reaches the arched chamber in the bath where the gentiles put up objects of idol worship, it is prohibited to build it.",
+ "And one may not fashion jewelry for an object of idol worship, and this applies to jewelry such as necklaces [katla’ot], nose rings, and rings. Rabbi Eliezer says: If one fashions them in exchange for payment, it is permitted. The mishna returns to the issue of selling items to gentiles: One may not sell to a gentile any item that is attached to the ground, but one may sell such an item once it is severed from the ground. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is not necessary to sever the item from the ground; rather, one may sell it on the condition that it be severed. One may not rent a house to a gentile in Eretz Yisrael, and needless to say one may not rent fields to them, as explained in the Gemara. And in Syria one may rent houses to gentiles, but one may not rent fields. And outside of Eretz Yisrael one may sell houses and rent fields to gentiles; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei says: In Eretz Yisrael one may rent houses to gentiles but one may not rent fields. And in Syria one may sell houses to them and rent fields, and outside of Eretz Yisrael one may sell both these, houses, and those, fields.",
+ "Even in a place with regard to which the Sages said that it is permitted for a Jew to rent a house to a gentile, they did not say that one may rent it for use as a residence, because the gentile will bring objects of idol worship into it, as it is stated: “You shall not bring an abomination into your house” (Deuteronomy 7:26), and this is still considered the house of a Jew. And for the same reason, in every place, one may not rent a bathhouse to a gentile, since it is called by the name of the owner, and onlookers will think that the Jew is operating it on Shabbat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One may not keep an animal in the inns [befundekaot] of gentiles because they are suspected of bestiality. Since even gentiles are prohibited from engaging in bestiality, a Jew who places his animal there is guilty of violating the prohibition: “You shall not put a stumbling block before the blind” (Leviticus 19:14). And a woman may not seclude herself with gentiles because they are suspected of engaging in forbidden sexual relations. And any person may not seclude himself with gentiles because they are suspected of bloodshed. A Jewish woman may not deliver the child of a gentile woman, because in doing so she is delivering a child who will engage in idol worship. But one may allow a gentile woman to deliver the child of a Jewish woman. Similarly, a Jewish woman may not nurse the child of a gentile woman, but one may allow a gentile woman to nurse the child of a Jewish woman while the gentile woman is on the Jewish woman’s property. ",
+ "The mishna discusses the issue of accepting certain professional services from a gentile. One may be treated by gentiles, provided that it is monetary treatment, but not personal treatment. And one may not have his hair cut by them anywhere, due to the danger that the gentile will kill him with the razor; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: In the public thoroughfare, it is permitted to have one’s hair cut by a gentile, but not when the Jew and gentile are alone together.",
+ "This mishna discusses the halakhic status of various items that belong to gentiles. These are items that belong to gentiles and are prohibited to Jews, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited: Wine, and vinegar belonging to gentiles that was originally wine, and Hadrianic earthenware, and hides with a tear opposite the heart. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: A hide is prohibited only when the tear around its heart is circular, but if it is elongated it is permitted, as gentiles will sacrifice a heart only when it has been removed by a circular laceration. Meat that enters the house of idol worship is permitted, and meat that exits this house is prohibited, because it is considered as offerings to the dead, i.e., to idols; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. With regard to those going to a festival of idolatry [tarput], it is prohibited to engage in business with them. And with regard to those who are coming from it, it is permitted to engage in business with them. ",
+ "Wineskins and jugs belonging to gentiles, which have a Jew’s wine contained in them, are prohibited to Jews, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. Residual grape seeds and grape skins belonging to gentiles, which are left behind after the grapes are crushed for wine, are prohibited, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Moist grape residues are prohibited, but dry residues are permitted. Fish stew [murayes] and cheese of Beit Unyaki belonging to gentiles are prohibited, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. ",
+ "Rabbi Yehuda said: Rabbi Yishmael asked Rabbi Yehoshua a series of questions while they were traveling along the road. Rabbi Yishmael said to him: For what reason did the Sages prohibit the cheeses of gentiles? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Because gentiles curdle cheese with the stomach contents of an unslaughtered animal carcass, and as the carcass of an unslaughtered animal is not kosher, cheese that is curdled with it is likewise prohibited. In response, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: But aren’t the stomach contents of a burnt-offering subject to a more stringent prohibition than the stomach contents of an unslaughtered animal carcass? And yet they said: A priest who is open-minded [shedato yafa] with regard to what he eats may swallow [shorefah] the stomach contents of a burnt-offering while they are raw, and the other Sages did not agree with him. But the Sages said: One may not derive benefit from the stomach contents of a burnt-offering ab initio, and if one did derive benefit from them, he is not liable for misusing consecrated property. According to both opinions, deriving benefit from the stomach contents of a burnt-offering is not prohibited by Torah law. Since the halakha with regard to a burnt-offering is more stringent than that of an animal carcass, why would deriving benefit from the carcass be prohibited, while deriving benefit from the burnt-offering is permitted? Rabbi Yehoshua said to Rabbi Yishmael: The cheese of gentiles is prohibited because they curdle it in the stomach contents of calves used for idol worship. Since it is prohibited to derive benefit from such calves, cheese curdled in their stomach contents is also prohibited. Rabbi Yishmael said to him: If that is so, why didn’t the Sages prohibit deriving any benefit from the cheese, instead of merely prohibiting its consumption? Instead of answering Rabbi Yishmael, Rabbi Yehoshua diverted his attention to another matter and said to him: Yishmael, how do you read the following verse in the Song of Songs (1:2)? Do you read it as: For Your love [dodekha] is better than wine, or as: For your love [dodayikh] is better than wine? The first version, which is in the masculine form, would be a reference to God, whereas the second version, in the feminine, would be a reference to the Jewish people. Rabbi Yishmael said to him that it should be read in the feminine: For your love [dodayikh] is better than wine. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: The matter is not so, as another verse teaches with regard to it: “Your ointments [shemanekha] have a goodly fragrance” (Song of Songs 1:3). This phrase, which appears in the next verse, is written in the masculine form, and therefore it is determined that the preceding verse can also be understood in the masculine form.",
+ " This mishna lists items belonging to gentiles which it is prohibited to consume, but from which it is permitted to derive benefit. And these are items that belong to gentiles and are prohibited, but their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited: Milk that was milked by a gentile and a Jew did not see him performing this action, and their bread and oil. The mishna notes that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi and his court permitted the oil of gentiles entirely. The mishna resumes its list: And boiled and pickled vegetables, whose usual manner of preparation involves adding wine and vinegar to them, and minced tarit fish, and brine that does not have a kilbit fish floating in it, and ḥilak, and a sliver of ḥiltit, and salkondit salt (see 39b); all these are prohibited, but their prohibition is not that of item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. ",
+ "And these are permitted for consumption: Milk that was milked by a gentile and a Jew watched him doing so; and honey; and grape clusters [davdevaniyyot] which, despite the fact that they are dripping juice, are not subject to the halakhot of susceptibility to ritual impurity caused by contact with that liquid; and pickled vegetables whose usual manner of preparation does not involve adding wine and vinegar to them; and tarit fish that is not minced; and brine that has fish in it; and the leaf of a ḥiltit plant; and rolled olive cakes [geluskaot]. Rabbi Yosei says: Overripe olives are prohibited. Locusts that come from a salesman’s basket are prohibited, whereas those that come from the storeroom [heftek] are permitted; and likewise with regard to the portion of the produce designated for the priest [teruma], as will be explained in the Gemara."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All statues are forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited to derive benefit from them, because they are worshipped at least once a year; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: The only type of statue that is forbidden is any statue that has in its hand a staff, or a bird, or an orb, as these are indications that this statue is designated for idolatry. If the statue is holding a different item, it may be assumed that the statue was fashioned for ornamental purposes and not for worship. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is prohibited to derive benefit even from any statue that has any item whatsoever in its hand.",
+ "In the case of one who finds unidentifiable fragments of statues, these are permitted, i.e., one may derive benefit from them. If one found an object in the figure of a hand or in the figure of a foot, these are forbidden, as objects similar to those are worshipped.",
+ "In the case of one who finds vessels, and upon them is a figure of the sun, a figure of the moon, or a figure of a dragon, he must take them and cast them into the Dead Sea and not derive any benefit from them, as they are assumed to be objects of idol worship. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Those figures that are upon respectable vessels are forbidden. Those that are upon disgraceful vessels are permitted. Rabbi Yosei says: When one encounters an idol, he should grind the idol and throw the dust to the wind or cast it into the sea. The Rabbis said to him: What is the good of that? That also gives a Jew benefit from the idol, as it becomes fertilizer for his crops, and deriving any kind of benefit is prohibited, as it is stated: “And nothing of the proscribed items shall cleave to your hand” (Deuteronomy 13:18).",
+ "A wise gentile, Proclus ben Plospus, once asked a question of Rabban Gamliel in the city of Akko when he was bathing in the bathhouse of the Greek god Aphrodite. Proclus said to him: It is written in your Torah: “And nothing of the proscribed items shall cleave to your hand” (Deuteronomy 13:18). For what reason do you bathe before an idol in the bathhouse of Aphrodite? Rabban Gamliel said to him: One may not answer questions related to Torah in the bathhouse. And when he left the bathhouse, Rabban Gamliel gave him several answers. He said to him: I did not come into its domain; it came into my domain. The bathhouse existed before the statue dedicated to Aphrodite was erected. Furthermore, people do not say: Let us make a bathhouse as an adornment for Aphrodite; rather, they say: Let us make a statue of Aphrodite as an adornment for the bathhouse. Therefore, the main structure is not the Aphrodite statue, but the bathhouse. Rabban Gamliel continued: Alternatively, there is another answer: Even if people would give you a lot of money, you would not enter before your object of idol worship naked, or as one who experienced a seminal emission who comes to the bathhouse to purify himself, nor would you urinate before it. This statue stands upon the sewage pipe and all the people urinate before it. There is no prohibition in this case, as it is stated in the verse only: “Their gods” (see Deuteronomy 12:2), which indicates that a statue that people treat as a deity is forbidden, but one that people do not treat with the respect that is due to a deity is permitted.",
+ "With regard to the halakha in the case of the gentiles who worship the mountains and the hills, the mountains and hills are permitted, but what is upon them is forbidden. It is not prohibited to derive benefit from the mountains and hills themselves, and they can be used for planting, harvesting, and the like. But if gentiles coated them with gold or silver, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the coating, as it is stated: “The graven images of their gods shall you burn with fire; you shall not covet the silver or the gold that is on them, nor take it for yourself, lest you be snared by it; for it is an abomination to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 7:25). Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says with regard to the verse: “You shall destroy all the places where the nations that you are to dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree” (Deuteronomy 12:2): The mitzva to destroy objects of idol worship applies to “their gods, upon the high mountains,” but not to the mountains themselves that are their gods. Similarly it applies to “their gods…upon the hills,” but not to the hills themselves that are their gods. The mishna asks: And for what reason, then, is an ashera forbidden? Doesn’t the verse also state: “And under every leafy tree,” which indicates that the mitzva to destroy objects of idol worship does not apply to the trees themselves? The mishna answers: It is because it is the product of human involvement and did not grow by itself, and the halakha is that anything that is the product of human involvement is forbidden. Rabbi Akiva says: I will explain and decide the matter before you. The verse does not indicate limitations to the halakhic definition of idols; rather, it is simply giving indicators of prevalent idolatrous practice: Everywhere that you find a high mountain, or an elevated hill, or a leafy tree, know that there is idol worship there.",
+ "In the case of one whose house was adjacent to a house of idol worship and the dividing wall fell, it is prohibited to rebuild it. What should he do? He should withdraw into his own property four cubits and build the wall there. In talmudic times, external walls to homes were often built in two parts, with a functional space between them. If the space between the two parts of the wall belonged to him and to the house of idol worship, the area is treated as half and half with regard to withdrawing into his property before rebuilding the wall; he may build the wall four cubits from the middle of that space. The stones of the fallen wall, its wood, and its dust, transmit impurity like a creeping animal, i.e., one who touches them becomes impure like one who touches a creeping animal, as it is stated: “And you shall not bring an abomination into your house, and be accursed like it; you shall detest it [shakketz teshakketzennu], and you shall abhor it; for it is a proscribed item” (Deuteronomy 7:26). The term shakketz is used in a different form, shekketz, with regard to creeping animals. Rabbi Akiva says: Those items transmit impurity like a menstruating woman, as it is stated: “You will put them far away as a menstruating woman; you shall say to it: Go away” (Isaiah 30:22). Just as a menstruating woman transmits impurity by carrying, as one who moves a menstruating woman, even without touching her, becomes impure, so too, objects of idol worship transmit impurity by carrying.",
+ "With regard to idol worship there are three types of houses, each with its own halakhot. A house that one built initially for the purpose of idol worship is forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited to derive benefit from such a house. If one plastered a house or cemented it for the purpose of idol worship, and he thereby added a layer to the walls of the house, one removes that which he added, and the rest of the house is permitted. If one brought an object of idol worship into a house temporarily and then removed it, the house is then permitted. With regard to idol worship there are three types of stones, each with its own halakhot. A stone that one initially hewed for use in a platform [bimos] for an idol is forbidden. If one plastered a stone or cemented it for the sake of idol worship, one removes that which he plastered or cemented and the stone is permitted. If one erected an object of idol worship upon a stone and subsequently removed it, the stone is then permitted. There are three types of trees that were used as part of idolatrous rites [ashera]: A tree that one initially planted for the sake of idol worship is forbidden, and one may not derive benefit from any part of the tree. If one lopped off part of the trunk of a tree or trimmed its branches for the sake of idol worship, i.e., to worship that which would regrow there, and the tree’s trunk or limbs regrew, one removes that which has regrown and burn it. The remainder of the tree is then permitted. If one erected an object of idol worship beneath a tree and subsequently removed it, it is permitted to derive benefit from the tree. Which tree is deemed forbidden as an ashera? Any tree that has an object of idol worship beneath it. Rabbi Shimon says: Any tree that people worship. And there was an incident in Tzaidan involving a tree that people would worship, and Jews found beneath it a heap of stones. Rabbi Shimon said to them: Examine this heap of stones. And they examined it and found in it an idolatrous image. Rabbi Shimon said to them: Since it is the image that they worship, we can permit use of the tree to those who wish to derive benefit from it.",
+ "With regard to an ashera, one may not sit in its shade, but if one sat in its shade he remains ritually pure. And one may not pass beneath it, and if one passed beneath it he is ritually impure. If the tree was robbing the public, i.e., if its branches extended over public property, and one passed beneath it, he remains pure. One may plant vegetables underneath an ashera during the rainy season, as the vegetables do not benefit from its shade; on the contrary, the tree’s foliage prevents the vegetables from being properly irrigated by the rain. But one may not plant vegetables under an ashera during the summer, as the shade benefits them. And lettuce may not be planted there at all, neither in the summer nor in the rainy season, because shade is always beneficial to lettuce. Rabbi Yosei says: One may not plant vegetables under an ashera even during the rainy season, because the tree’s foliage [shehaneviyya] falls upon them and serves as fertilizer for them.",
+ "If one took wood from an ashera, it is prohibited to derive benefit from it. In a case where one kindled a fire in an oven with the wood, if it is a new oven and by kindling the fire he hardened the oven and made it stronger for use in the future, then the oven must be shattered. Since forbidden items were used in the process of forming the oven, one may not derive benefit from the use of the forbidden items. But if it is an old oven it may be cooled; it is prohibited to use the oven only while it is still hot. If one baked bread with wood from the ashera as the fuel, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the bread. If this bread was intermingled with other bread, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all the bread. Rabbi Eliezer says: One must take the benefit and cast it into the Dead Sea. In other words, one is not required to destroy all of the loaves. Instead, one should designate money equal in value to the wood that he used from the ashera, and he should destroy this money to offset the benefit he derived from the forbidden wood. The Rabbis said to him: There is no monetary redemption for objects that are forbidden due to idol worship. Once the bread becomes forbidden, it cannot be redeemed by having the value of the forbidden wood cast into the Dead Sea. If one took wood from an ashera for use as a weaving shuttle [karkor], it is prohibited to derive benefit from it. If one wove a garment with it, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the garment. If the garment was intermingled with other garments, and those other garments were intermingled with others, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all of them. Rabbi Eliezer says: One must take the benefit and cast it into the Dead Sea. The Rabbis said to him: There is no monetary redemption for objects that are forbidden due to idol worship.",
+ "How does one revoke the idolatrous status of an ashera? If a gentile trimmed dry wood or pruned green wood from the tree for his own benefit, or if he removed from it a stick, or a rod, or even a leaf, he has thereby revoked its idolatrous status, as he has proven that he no longer worships it. If a gentile shaved down the tree for its own sake, to improve its appearance, it remains prohibited to derive benefit from it. If he shaved it down not for its own sake, it is permitted."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: Three stones that are adjacent to each other at the side of Mercury [Markulis] are prohibited, as that idol was worshipped by tossing stones toward it, which then became part of the idol. But if there are only two stones, then they are permitted. And the Rabbis say: Those stones that are adjacent to Mercury and appear to have fallen from it are prohibited. But those stones that are not adjacent to it are permitted.",
+ "If one found money, a garment, or vessels at the head of Mercury, these are permitted. If one found vine branches laden with clusters of grapes, or wreaths made of stalks, or containers of wine, oil, or flour, or any other item the likes of which is sacrificed on the altar there, it is prohibited.",
+ "In the case of an object of idol worship that had a garden or a bathhouse, one may derive benefit from them when it is not to the advantage of the idol worship, i.e., when he does not pay for his use, but one may not derive benefit from them when it is to their advantage, i.e., if one is required to pay for his use. If the garden or bathhouse belonged jointly to the place of idol worship and to others, one may derive benefit from them, both when it is to their advantage and when it is not to their advantage. ",
+ "A gentile’s object of idol worship is prohibited immediately, i.e., as soon as it is fashioned for that purpose, but a Jew’s object of idol worship is not prohibited until it is actually worshipped. A gentile can revoke the status of his object of idol worship and the status of the idol of another gentile, but a Jew cannot revoke the status of the object of idol worship of a gentile. One who revokes the status of an object of idol worship thereby revokes the status of its accessories. But if he revokes the status of its accessories, its accessories alone are rendered permitted, but the object of idol worship itself remains prohibited.",
+ "How does a gentile revoke the status of an object of idol worship? If he cut off the tip of its ear, or the tip of its nose, or its fingertip; or if he crushed it, even though he did not remove any part of it, in all these cases he thereby revoked its status as an object of idol worship. If he spat before the idol, urinated before it, dragged it on the ground, or threw excrement at it, the status of this idol is not revoked, as this is only a temporary display of scorn, and afterward the gentile might continue to worship the idol. If the gentile sold it or mortgaged it, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: He thereby revoked its status. And the Rabbis say that he did not revoke its status.",
+ "With regard to an object of idol worship that was abandoned by its worshippers, if it was abandoned in peacetime, it is permitted, as it was evidently abandoned by choice and this constitutes an implicit revocation of its status as an object of idol worship. If it was abandoned in wartime, it is prohibited, as it was not abandoned by choice. With regard to the stone platforms of kings upon which idols are placed in honor of the kings, these are permitted, due to the fact that the idol is placed on these platforms only at the time that the kings pass by.",
+ "The gentiles asked the Jewish Sages who were in Rome: If it is not God’s will that people should engage in idol worship, why does He not elimi-nate it? The Sages said to them: Were people worshipping only objects for which the world has no need, He would eliminate it. But they worship the sun and the moon and the stars and the constellations. Should He destroy His world because of the fools? The gentiles said to the Sages: If so, let Him destroy those objects of idol worship for which the world has no need and leave those objects for which the world has a need. The Sages said to them: If that were to happen, we would thereby be supporting the worshippers of those objects for which the world has need, as they would say: You should know that these are truly gods, as they were not eliminated from the world, whereas the others were eliminated.",
+ "One may purchase from a gentile a winepress in which the grapes have been trodden on, despite the fact that the gentile takes grapes in his hand from the winepress and places them on the pile that remains to be trodden on. And the gentile’s touch does not render the juice of the grapes wine used for a libation in idol worship, which is forbidden, until it descends into the collection vat, because until then it does not have the status of wine. Once the wine descended into the collection vat, that which is in the vat is prohibited, and the rest, which did not yet descend into the vat, is permitted.",
+ "One may tread on grapes together with the gentile in the winepress, but one may not harvest grapes with him. After the harvest the grapes are brought to the winepress, which is ritually impure. This would render the grapes impure, and it is prohibited to render produce of Eretz Yisrael impure. In the case of a Jew who produces his wine in a state of ritual impurity, one may not tread on grapes nor harvest them with him, as it is prohibited to assist transgressors. But once he has produced his wine, one may take the barrels to the winepress with him, as the wine is already impure. And one may also bring the barrels from the winepress together with him. Similarly, in the case of a baker who makes his bread in a state of ritual impurity, one may not knead or arrange the dough in the shape of bread together with him, so as not to assist in a transgression. But one may take the bread with him to the bread merchant [lapalter].",
+ "In the case of a gentile who was found standing next to the wine collection vat, if there is a loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is prohibited. Since the gentile maintains that he has a right to the owner’s property he has no compunctions about touching the wine. But if there is no loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is permitted, as it is assumed that the gentile did not touch the wine that was not his. If a gentile fell into the wine collection vat and emerged from it, or if he measured the wine in the winepress with a pole without touching it with his hands, or if he cast a hornet out of the wine by means of a pole and the pole touched the wine, or where the gentile was removing the foam that was on the top of a fermenting barrel of wine; with regard to all these cases there was such an incident. And the Sages said that the wine may be sold to gentiles, as it is permitted to derive benefit from the wine, but not to drink it. And Rabbi Shimon deems the wine permitted even for drinking. In a case where a gentile took the barrel of wine and threw it, in his anger, into the wine collection vat, this was an incident that occurred and the Sages deemed the wine fit for drinking.",
+ "In the case of a Jew who renders the wine of a gentile permitted by treading the gentile’s grapes so that the wine can be sold to Jews, and although a Jew has not yet paid for the wine he then places the wine in the gentile’s domain in a house that is open to a public thoroughfare until he sells it, the halakha depends on the circumstances. If this occurs in a city in which there are both gentiles and Jews, the wine is permitted, as the gentile does not touch the wine lest the Jews see him doing so. If this occurs in a city in which all its inhabitants are gentiles, the wine is prohibited unless a Jew sits and safeguards the wine. But the watchman is not required to sit and guard the wine constantly; even if he frequently leaves the place and comes in again later, the wine is permitted. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: The domain of gentiles is all one, as the Gemara will explain.",
+ "In the case of a Jew who renders the wine of a gentile permitted by treading the gentile’s grapes so that the wine can be sold to Jews, and he then places the wine in the gentile’s domain until he sells it, the halakha depends on the circumstances. If that one, the gentile, writes for the Jew: I received money from you in payment for the wine, even though he did not yet receive the actual payment, the wine is permitted. This is because the wine is considered the Jew’s property and the gentile does not venture to touch it. But if the Jew desires to remove the wine and the gentile does not allow him to do so until the Jew gives him the money due to him, this was an incident that occurred in Beit She’an and the Sages deemed the wine prohibited. In this case the gentile believes that he has a lien upon the wine, and therefore he has no compunctions about touching it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of a gentile who hires a Jewish laborer to work with wine used for an idolatrous libation with him, his wage is forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited for the Jew to derive benefit from his wage. If the gentile hired him to do other work with him, even if he said to him while he was working with him: Transport the barrel of wine used for a libation for me from this place to that place, his wage is permitted, i.e., the Jew is permitted to derive benefit from the money. With regard to a gentile who rents a Jew’s donkey to carry wine used for a libation on it, its rental fee is forbidden. If he rented it to sit on it, even if a gentile placed his jug of wine used for a libation on it, its rental fee is permitted.",
+ "In the case of wine used for a libation that fell on grapes, one rinses them and they are permitted. But if the grapes were cracked, they are forbidden. In a case where the wine fell on figs or on dates, if there is sufficient wine in them to impart flavor, they are forbidden. And there was an incident involving Boethus ben Zunen, who transported dried figs in a ship, and a barrel of wine used for a libation broke and fell on them, and he asked the Sages as to the halakha, and the Sages deemed the figs permitted. This is the principle: Anything that benefits from a forbidden item imparting flavor to it, i.e., the forbidden item contributes a positive taste to it, is forbidden, and anything that does not benefit from a forbidden item imparting flavor to it is permitted, such as forbidden vinegar that fell onto split beans, as the flavor imparted by the vinegar does not enhance the taste of the beans.",
+ "With regard to a gentile who was transporting barrels of wine from one place to another place together with a Jew, if the wine was under the presumption of being supervised, it is permitted. But if the Jew notified him that he was going far away, the wine is forbidden if the Jew left for a sufficient amount of time for the gentile to bore a hole [sheyishtom] in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The wine is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for the gentile to open the barrel by removing the stopper altogether, stop it again by making a new stopper, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "With regard to one who placed his wine in a wagon or on a ship with a gentile, and went on his way by a shortcut [bekappendarya], such that the gentile does not know when the Jew will encounter him, even if the Jew entered the city and bathed, the wine is permitted, because the gentile would not use the wine for a libation, for fear the owner might catch him at it. If the Jew informed the gentile that he was going away for a long period of time, the wine is forbidden if it was sufficient time for the gentile to bore a hole in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for him to open the barrel by removing the stopper altogether, stop it again, and for the new stopper to dry. With regard to one who left a gentile in his shop, even if the Jew went out and came in and was not there all the time, the wine is permitted. But if the Jew informed the gentile that he was going away for a long period of time, the wine is forbidden if it was sufficient time for the gentile to bore a hole in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The wine is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for him to open the barrel, stop it again, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "If a Jew was eating with a gentile at the table, and left jugs [laginin] of wine on the table and a jug on the side table [hadulebaki], and he left it and went out, what is on the table is forbidden, as it is likely that the gentile handled it, whereas what is on the side table is permitted. But if the Jew said to the gentile: Mix water with the wine and drink, even the jug that is on the side table is forbidden. Similarly, open barrels are forbidden, but sealed barrels are permitted unless the Jew was out of the room for sufficient time for the gentile to open the barrel by removing the stopper, and stop it again by making a new stopper, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "In the case of a military unit [boleshet] that entered a city, if it entered during peacetime, then after the soldiers leave the open barrels of wine are forbidden, but the sealed barrels are permitted. If the unit entered in wartime, both these barrels and those barrels are permitted, because in wartime there is no time to pour wine for libations, and one can be certain that the soldiers did not do so.",
+ "With regard to Jewish craftsmen to whom a gentile sent a barrel of wine used for a libation in lieu of their wage, it is permitted for them to say to him: Give us its monetary value instead. But once it has entered into their possession, it is prohibited for them to say so, as that would be tantamount to selling the wine to the gentile and deriving benefit from it. In the case of a Jew who sells his wine to a gentile, if he fixed a price before he measured the wine into the gentile’s vessel, deriving benefit from the money paid for the wine is permitted. It is not tantamount to selling wine used for a libation, as the gentile purchased the wine before it became forbidden, and the money already belonged to the Jew. But if the Jew measured the wine into the gentile’s vessel, thereby rendering it forbidden, before he fixed a price, the money paid for the wine is forbidden. In a case where a Jew took a funnel and measured wine into a gentile’s jug, and then measured wine with the same funnel into a Jew’s jug, if there is a remnant of wine left in the funnel, the wine measured into the Jew’s jug is forbidden, as some of the wine that was measured into the gentile’s jug is mixed in it. In the case of one who pours wine from one vessel into another vessel, the wine left in the vessel from which he poured is permitted, but the wine in the vessel into which he poured is forbidden.",
+ " Wine used for a libation is forbidden, and any amount of it renders other wine forbidden if they are mixed together. Wine used for a libation that became mixed with wine, or water that was used for an idolatrous libation that became mixed with ordinary water, renders the mixture forbidden with any amount of the forbidden wine or water; but wine used for a libation that became mixed with water, or water used for a libation that became mixed with wine renders the mixture forbidden only if the forbidden liquid is sufficient to impart flavor to the mixture, i.e., for the wine to flavor the water or for the water to dilute the wine to an extent that can be tasted. This is the principle: A substance in contact with the same type of substance renders the mixture forbidden with any amount of the forbidden substance, but a substance in contact with a different type of substance renders the mixture forbidden only in a case where it imparts flavor to it. ",
+ "These following items are themselves forbidden, and any amount of them renders other items with which they become mixed forbidden: Wine used for a libation; and objects of idol worship; and hides with a tear opposite the heart, indicating the idolatrous practice of sacrificing hearts of live animals. And this halakha also applies to an ox that has been condemned to be stoned (see Exodus 21:28), from which it is prohibited to derive benefit even before its sentence is carried out; and it applies to a heifer whose neck is broken when a person is found killed in an area between two cities and the murderer is unknown (see Deuteronomy 21:1–9), which is likewise forbidden from the time it is taken down to the river to be killed. In these cases, if the animal becomes mixed in a herd of similar animals, all of the animals in the herd are forbidden. And this halakha also applies to birds designated for the purification of a leper (Leviticus 14:1–6), and the shorn hair of a nazirite (Numbers 6:18), and a firstborn donkey (Exodus 13:13), and meat that was cooked in milk (Exodus 23:19), and the scape-goat of Yom Kippur (Leviticus 16:7–10), and the meat of a non-sacred animal that was slaughtered in the Temple courtyard. All of these are forbidden themselves, and any amount of them renders a mixture forbidden.",
+ " In the case of wine used for a libation that fell into a wine cistern, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all of the wine in the cistern, even if the volume of the wine used for a libation was tiny in comparison to the volume of the wine in the cistern. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: All of the wine in the cistern may be sold to a gentile, and the money paid for it is permitted except for the value of the wine used for a libation that is included in it.",
+ "In the case of a stone winepress that a gentile lined with pitch and then poured wine onto the pitch to neutralize its flavor, one may cleanse it and it is pure, i.e., wine pressed in it is permitted. And if the winepress is fashioned of wood, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: One may cleanse it, but the Rabbis say: One must peel off the pitch completely. And if the winepress is of earthenware, even if one peeled off the pitch, this press is forbidden.",
+ "One who purchases cooking utensils from the gentiles must prepare them for use by Jews in the following manner: With regard to those utensils whose manner of preparation is to immerse them in a ritual bath, as they require no further preparation, he must immerse them accordingly. With regard to those utensils whose manner of preparation is to purge them with boiling water, as those utensils are used with boiling water, e.g., pots, he must purge them accordingly. With regard to those whose manner of preparation is to heat until white-hot in the fire, as they are used for grilling, he must heat them until white-hot in the fire. Therefore, with regard to the spit [hashappud] and the grill [veha’askela], he must heat them until white-hot in the fire. With regard to the knife, he must polish it and it is rendered pure."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6bb7c706089f715108c8df7061911ac752f98f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Avodah_Zarah",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "On the three days before the festivals of gentiles the following actions are prohibited, as they would bring joy to the gentile, who would subsequently give thanks to his object of idol worship on his festival: It is prohibited to engage in business with them; to lend items to them or to borrow items from them; to lend money to them or to borrow money from them; and to repay debts owed to them or to collect repayment of debts from them. Rabbi Yehuda says: One may collect repayment of debts from them because this causes the gentile distress. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: Even though he is distressed now, when he repays the money, he is happy afterward that he is relieved of the debt, and therefore there is concern that he will give thanks to his object of idol worship on his festival.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: On the three days before the festivals of gentiles and on the three days after them, it is prohibited to engage in business with those gentiles. And the Rabbis say: It is prohibited to engage in business with them before their festivals, but it is permitted to engage in business with them after their festivals.",
+ "And these are the festivals of gentiles: Kalenda, Saturnalia, and Kratesis, and the day of the festival of their kings, and the birthday of the king, and the anniversary of the day of the death of the king. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Every death that includes public burning is a festival that includes idol worship, and any death that does not include public burning is not a festival that includes idol worship. But in the case of the day of shaving his, i.e., a gentile’s, beard and his locks, and the day of his ascent from the sea, and the day that he left prison, and also in the case of a gentile who prepared a wedding feast for his son and celebrates on that day, engaging in business is prohibited only on that day and with that man.",
+ "In the case of a city in which there is active idol worship, it is permitted to engage in business transactions with gentiles who live outside of the city. If the idol worship is outside the city, it is permitted to engage in business within the city. What is the halakha with regard to traveling there, a place where a pagan festival is being celebrated? When the road is designated only for that place, it is prohibited to use the road, as onlookers will assume that the traveler intends to join the festival. But if one were able to travel on it to arrive at another place, it is permitted to use the road to reach the place that is observing the festival. With regard to a city in which idol worship is practiced and in which there are stores that are adorned for the sake of idol worship and there are others that are not adorned, this was in fact an incident that occurred in Beit She’an, and the Sages said: With regard to the adorned shops, it is prohibited to buy from them, but in the case of those that are not adorned it is permitted.",
+ "These are the items that it is prohibited to sell to a gentile at any time of year, as they are used specifically for idol worship: Itzterubalin, benot shuaḥ, petotarot, frankincense, and a white rooster. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is permitted to sell a white rooster to a gentile provided that it is sold along with other types of roosters. But when it is sold by itself, one should cut off its toe and sell it to the gentile, because they do not sacrifice a defective animal to their object of idol worship. And with regard to all remaining items, without specification it is permitted to sell them, but with specification it is prohibited to sell them. Rabbi Meir says: Even in the case of a good palm tree, ḥatzav, and naklav, it is prohibited to sell them to gentiles.",
+ "In a place where the residents were accustomed to sell small domesticated animals to gentiles, one may sell them. In a place where they were not accustomed to sell them, one may not sell them. But in every place, one may not sell them large livestock, calves, or foals, whether these animals are whole or damaged. The Sages prohibited these sales lest a Jew’s animal perform labor for the gentile on Shabbat in violation of an explicit Torah prohibition, as explained in the Gemara. Rabbi Yehuda permits the sale of a damaged animal because it is incapable of performing labor, and ben Beteira permits the sale of a horse for riding, because riding a horse on Shabbat is not prohibited by Torah law.",
+ "One may not sell bears, or lions, or any item that can cause injury to the public, to gentiles. One may not build with them a basilica [basileki], a tribunal [gardom], a stadium [itztadeyya], or a platform. But one may build with them small platforms [bimmusiot] and bathhouses. Even in this case, once he reaches the arched chamber in the bath where the gentiles put up objects of idol worship, it is prohibited to build it.",
+ "And one may not fashion jewelry for an object of idol worship, and this applies to jewelry such as necklaces [katla’ot], nose rings, and rings. Rabbi Eliezer says: If one fashions them in exchange for payment, it is permitted. The mishna returns to the issue of selling items to gentiles: One may not sell to a gentile any item that is attached to the ground, but one may sell such an item once it is severed from the ground. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is not necessary to sever the item from the ground; rather, one may sell it on the condition that it be severed. One may not rent a house to a gentile in Eretz Yisrael, and needless to say one may not rent fields to them, as explained in the Gemara. And in Syria one may rent houses to gentiles, but one may not rent fields. And outside of Eretz Yisrael one may sell houses and rent fields to gentiles; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei says: In Eretz Yisrael one may rent houses to gentiles but one may not rent fields. And in Syria one may sell houses to them and rent fields, and outside of Eretz Yisrael one may sell both these, houses, and those, fields.",
+ "Even in a place with regard to which the Sages said that it is permitted for a Jew to rent a house to a gentile, they did not say that one may rent it for use as a residence, because the gentile will bring objects of idol worship into it, as it is stated: “You shall not bring an abomination into your house” (Deuteronomy 7:26), and this is still considered the house of a Jew. And for the same reason, in every place, one may not rent a bathhouse to a gentile, since it is called by the name of the owner, and onlookers will think that the Jew is operating it on Shabbat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One may not keep an animal in the inns [befundekaot] of gentiles because they are suspected of bestiality. Since even gentiles are prohibited from engaging in bestiality, a Jew who places his animal there is guilty of violating the prohibition: “You shall not put a stumbling block before the blind” (Leviticus 19:14). And a woman may not seclude herself with gentiles because they are suspected of engaging in forbidden sexual relations. And any person may not seclude himself with gentiles because they are suspected of bloodshed. A Jewish woman may not deliver the child of a gentile woman, because in doing so she is delivering a child who will engage in idol worship. But one may allow a gentile woman to deliver the child of a Jewish woman. Similarly, a Jewish woman may not nurse the child of a gentile woman, but one may allow a gentile woman to nurse the child of a Jewish woman while the gentile woman is on the Jewish woman’s property. ",
+ "The mishna discusses the issue of accepting certain professional services from a gentile. One may be treated by gentiles, provided that it is monetary treatment, but not personal treatment. And one may not have his hair cut by them anywhere, due to the danger that the gentile will kill him with the razor; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: In the public thoroughfare, it is permitted to have one’s hair cut by a gentile, but not when the Jew and gentile are alone together.",
+ "This mishna discusses the halakhic status of various items that belong to gentiles. These are items that belong to gentiles and are prohibited to Jews, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited: Wine, and vinegar belonging to gentiles that was originally wine, and Hadrianic earthenware, and hides with a tear opposite the heart. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: A hide is prohibited only when the tear around its heart is circular, but if it is elongated it is permitted, as gentiles will sacrifice a heart only when it has been removed by a circular laceration. Meat that enters the house of idol worship is permitted, and meat that exits this house is prohibited, because it is considered as offerings to the dead, i.e., to idols; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. With regard to those going to a festival of idolatry [tarput], it is prohibited to engage in business with them. And with regard to those who are coming from it, it is permitted to engage in business with them. ",
+ "Wineskins and jugs belonging to gentiles, which have a Jew’s wine contained in them, are prohibited to Jews, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. Residual grape seeds and grape skins belonging to gentiles, which are left behind after the grapes are crushed for wine, are prohibited, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Moist grape residues are prohibited, but dry residues are permitted. Fish stew [murayes] and cheese of Beit Unyaki belonging to gentiles are prohibited, and their prohibition is that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. ",
+ "Rabbi Yehuda said: Rabbi Yishmael asked Rabbi Yehoshua a series of questions while they were traveling along the road. Rabbi Yishmael said to him: For what reason did the Sages prohibit the cheeses of gentiles? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Because gentiles curdle cheese with the stomach contents of an unslaughtered animal carcass, and as the carcass of an unslaughtered animal is not kosher, cheese that is curdled with it is likewise prohibited. In response, Rabbi Yishmael said to him: But aren’t the stomach contents of a burnt-offering subject to a more stringent prohibition than the stomach contents of an unslaughtered animal carcass? And yet they said: A priest who is open-minded [shedato yafa] with regard to what he eats may swallow [shorefah] the stomach contents of a burnt-offering while they are raw, and the other Sages did not agree with him. But the Sages said: One may not derive benefit from the stomach contents of a burnt-offering ab initio, and if one did derive benefit from them, he is not liable for misusing consecrated property. According to both opinions, deriving benefit from the stomach contents of a burnt-offering is not prohibited by Torah law. Since the halakha with regard to a burnt-offering is more stringent than that of an animal carcass, why would deriving benefit from the carcass be prohibited, while deriving benefit from the burnt-offering is permitted? Rabbi Yehoshua said to Rabbi Yishmael: The cheese of gentiles is prohibited because they curdle it in the stomach contents of calves used for idol worship. Since it is prohibited to derive benefit from such calves, cheese curdled in their stomach contents is also prohibited. Rabbi Yishmael said to him: If that is so, why didn’t the Sages prohibit deriving any benefit from the cheese, instead of merely prohibiting its consumption? Instead of answering Rabbi Yishmael, Rabbi Yehoshua diverted his attention to another matter and said to him: Yishmael, how do you read the following verse in the Song of Songs (1:2)? Do you read it as: For Your love [dodekha] is better than wine, or as: For your love [dodayikh] is better than wine? The first version, which is in the masculine form, would be a reference to God, whereas the second version, in the feminine, would be a reference to the Jewish people. Rabbi Yishmael said to him that it should be read in the feminine: For your love [dodayikh] is better than wine. Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: The matter is not so, as another verse teaches with regard to it: “Your ointments [shemanekha] have a goodly fragrance” (Song of Songs 1:3). This phrase, which appears in the next verse, is written in the masculine form, and therefore it is determined that the preceding verse can also be understood in the masculine form.",
+ " This mishna lists items belonging to gentiles which it is prohibited to consume, but from which it is permitted to derive benefit. And these are items that belong to gentiles and are prohibited, but their prohibition is not that of an item from which deriving benefit is prohibited: Milk that was milked by a gentile and a Jew did not see him performing this action, and their bread and oil. The mishna notes that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi and his court permitted the oil of gentiles entirely. The mishna resumes its list: And boiled and pickled vegetables, whose usual manner of preparation involves adding wine and vinegar to them, and minced tarit fish, and brine that does not have a kilbit fish floating in it, and ḥilak, and a sliver of ḥiltit, and salkondit salt (see 39b); all these are prohibited, but their prohibition is not that of item from which deriving benefit is prohibited. ",
+ "And these are permitted for consumption: Milk that was milked by a gentile and a Jew watched him doing so; and honey; and grape clusters [davdevaniyyot] which, despite the fact that they are dripping juice, are not subject to the halakhot of susceptibility to ritual impurity caused by contact with that liquid; and pickled vegetables whose usual manner of preparation does not involve adding wine and vinegar to them; and tarit fish that is not minced; and brine that has fish in it; and the leaf of a ḥiltit plant; and rolled olive cakes [geluskaot]. Rabbi Yosei says: Overripe olives are prohibited. Locusts that come from a salesman’s basket are prohibited, whereas those that come from the storeroom [heftek] are permitted; and likewise with regard to the portion of the produce designated for the priest [teruma], as will be explained in the Gemara."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All statues are forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited to derive benefit from them, because they are worshipped at least once a year; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: The only type of statue that is forbidden is any statue that has in its hand a staff, or a bird, or an orb, as these are indications that this statue is designated for idolatry. If the statue is holding a different item, it may be assumed that the statue was fashioned for ornamental purposes and not for worship. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is prohibited to derive benefit even from any statue that has any item whatsoever in its hand.",
+ "In the case of one who finds unidentifiable fragments of statues, these are permitted, i.e., one may derive benefit from them. If one found an object in the figure of a hand or in the figure of a foot, these are forbidden, as objects similar to those are worshipped.",
+ "In the case of one who finds vessels, and upon them is a figure of the sun, a figure of the moon, or a figure of a dragon, he must take them and cast them into the Dead Sea and not derive any benefit from them, as they are assumed to be objects of idol worship. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Those figures that are upon respectable vessels are forbidden. Those that are upon disgraceful vessels are permitted. Rabbi Yosei says: When one encounters an idol, he should grind the idol and throw the dust to the wind or cast it into the sea. The Rabbis said to him: What is the good of that? That also gives a Jew benefit from the idol, as it becomes fertilizer for his crops, and deriving any kind of benefit is prohibited, as it is stated: “And nothing of the proscribed items shall cleave to your hand” (Deuteronomy 13:18).",
+ "A wise gentile, Proclus ben Plospus, once asked a question of Rabban Gamliel in the city of Akko when he was bathing in the bathhouse of the Greek god Aphrodite. Proclus said to him: It is written in your Torah: “And nothing of the proscribed items shall cleave to your hand” (Deuteronomy 13:18). For what reason do you bathe before an idol in the bathhouse of Aphrodite? Rabban Gamliel said to him: One may not answer questions related to Torah in the bathhouse. And when he left the bathhouse, Rabban Gamliel gave him several answers. He said to him: I did not come into its domain; it came into my domain. The bathhouse existed before the statue dedicated to Aphrodite was erected. Furthermore, people do not say: Let us make a bathhouse as an adornment for Aphrodite; rather, they say: Let us make a statue of Aphrodite as an adornment for the bathhouse. Therefore, the main structure is not the Aphrodite statue, but the bathhouse. Rabban Gamliel continued: Alternatively, there is another answer: Even if people would give you a lot of money, you would not enter before your object of idol worship naked, or as one who experienced a seminal emission who comes to the bathhouse to purify himself, nor would you urinate before it. This statue stands upon the sewage pipe and all the people urinate before it. There is no prohibition in this case, as it is stated in the verse only: “Their gods” (see Deuteronomy 12:2), which indicates that a statue that people treat as a deity is forbidden, but one that people do not treat with the respect that is due to a deity is permitted.",
+ "With regard to the halakha in the case of the gentiles who worship the mountains and the hills, the mountains and hills are permitted, but what is upon them is forbidden. It is not prohibited to derive benefit from the mountains and hills themselves, and they can be used for planting, harvesting, and the like. But if gentiles coated them with gold or silver, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the coating, as it is stated: “The graven images of their gods shall you burn with fire; you shall not covet the silver or the gold that is on them, nor take it for yourself, lest you be snared by it; for it is an abomination to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 7:25). Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says with regard to the verse: “You shall destroy all the places where the nations that you are to dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree” (Deuteronomy 12:2): The mitzva to destroy objects of idol worship applies to “their gods, upon the high mountains,” but not to the mountains themselves that are their gods. Similarly it applies to “their gods…upon the hills,” but not to the hills themselves that are their gods. The mishna asks: And for what reason, then, is an ashera forbidden? Doesn’t the verse also state: “And under every leafy tree,” which indicates that the mitzva to destroy objects of idol worship does not apply to the trees themselves? The mishna answers: It is because it is the product of human involvement and did not grow by itself, and the halakha is that anything that is the product of human involvement is forbidden. Rabbi Akiva says: I will explain and decide the matter before you. The verse does not indicate limitations to the halakhic definition of idols; rather, it is simply giving indicators of prevalent idolatrous practice: Everywhere that you find a high mountain, or an elevated hill, or a leafy tree, know that there is idol worship there.",
+ "In the case of one whose house was adjacent to a house of idol worship and the dividing wall fell, it is prohibited to rebuild it. What should he do? He should withdraw into his own property four cubits and build the wall there. In talmudic times, external walls to homes were often built in two parts, with a functional space between them. If the space between the two parts of the wall belonged to him and to the house of idol worship, the area is treated as half and half with regard to withdrawing into his property before rebuilding the wall; he may build the wall four cubits from the middle of that space. The stones of the fallen wall, its wood, and its dust, transmit impurity like a creeping animal, i.e., one who touches them becomes impure like one who touches a creeping animal, as it is stated: “And you shall not bring an abomination into your house, and be accursed like it; you shall detest it [shakketz teshakketzennu], and you shall abhor it; for it is a proscribed item” (Deuteronomy 7:26). The term shakketz is used in a different form, shekketz, with regard to creeping animals. Rabbi Akiva says: Those items transmit impurity like a menstruating woman, as it is stated: “You will put them far away as a menstruating woman; you shall say to it: Go away” (Isaiah 30:22). Just as a menstruating woman transmits impurity by carrying, as one who moves a menstruating woman, even without touching her, becomes impure, so too, objects of idol worship transmit impurity by carrying.",
+ "With regard to idol worship there are three types of houses, each with its own halakhot. A house that one built initially for the purpose of idol worship is forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited to derive benefit from such a house. If one plastered a house or cemented it for the purpose of idol worship, and he thereby added a layer to the walls of the house, one removes that which he added, and the rest of the house is permitted. If one brought an object of idol worship into a house temporarily and then removed it, the house is then permitted. With regard to idol worship there are three types of stones, each with its own halakhot. A stone that one initially hewed for use in a platform [bimos] for an idol is forbidden. If one plastered a stone or cemented it for the sake of idol worship, one removes that which he plastered or cemented and the stone is permitted. If one erected an object of idol worship upon a stone and subsequently removed it, the stone is then permitted. There are three types of trees that were used as part of idolatrous rites [ashera]: A tree that one initially planted for the sake of idol worship is forbidden, and one may not derive benefit from any part of the tree. If one lopped off part of the trunk of a tree or trimmed its branches for the sake of idol worship, i.e., to worship that which would regrow there, and the tree’s trunk or limbs regrew, one removes that which has regrown and burn it. The remainder of the tree is then permitted. If one erected an object of idol worship beneath a tree and subsequently removed it, it is permitted to derive benefit from the tree. Which tree is deemed forbidden as an ashera? Any tree that has an object of idol worship beneath it. Rabbi Shimon says: Any tree that people worship. And there was an incident in Tzaidan involving a tree that people would worship, and Jews found beneath it a heap of stones. Rabbi Shimon said to them: Examine this heap of stones. And they examined it and found in it an idolatrous image. Rabbi Shimon said to them: Since it is the image that they worship, we can permit use of the tree to those who wish to derive benefit from it.",
+ "With regard to an ashera, one may not sit in its shade, but if one sat in its shade he remains ritually pure. And one may not pass beneath it, and if one passed beneath it he is ritually impure. If the tree was robbing the public, i.e., if its branches extended over public property, and one passed beneath it, he remains pure. One may plant vegetables underneath an ashera during the rainy season, as the vegetables do not benefit from its shade; on the contrary, the tree’s foliage prevents the vegetables from being properly irrigated by the rain. But one may not plant vegetables under an ashera during the summer, as the shade benefits them. And lettuce may not be planted there at all, neither in the summer nor in the rainy season, because shade is always beneficial to lettuce. Rabbi Yosei says: One may not plant vegetables under an ashera even during the rainy season, because the tree’s foliage [shehaneviyya] falls upon them and serves as fertilizer for them.",
+ "If one took wood from an ashera, it is prohibited to derive benefit from it. In a case where one kindled a fire in an oven with the wood, if it is a new oven and by kindling the fire he hardened the oven and made it stronger for use in the future, then the oven must be shattered. Since forbidden items were used in the process of forming the oven, one may not derive benefit from the use of the forbidden items. But if it is an old oven it may be cooled; it is prohibited to use the oven only while it is still hot. If one baked bread with wood from the ashera as the fuel, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the bread. If this bread was intermingled with other bread, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all the bread. Rabbi Eliezer says: One must take the benefit and cast it into the Dead Sea. In other words, one is not required to destroy all of the loaves. Instead, one should designate money equal in value to the wood that he used from the ashera, and he should destroy this money to offset the benefit he derived from the forbidden wood. The Rabbis said to him: There is no monetary redemption for objects that are forbidden due to idol worship. Once the bread becomes forbidden, it cannot be redeemed by having the value of the forbidden wood cast into the Dead Sea. If one took wood from an ashera for use as a weaving shuttle [karkor], it is prohibited to derive benefit from it. If one wove a garment with it, it is prohibited to derive benefit from the garment. If the garment was intermingled with other garments, and those other garments were intermingled with others, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all of them. Rabbi Eliezer says: One must take the benefit and cast it into the Dead Sea. The Rabbis said to him: There is no monetary redemption for objects that are forbidden due to idol worship.",
+ "How does one revoke the idolatrous status of an ashera? If a gentile trimmed dry wood or pruned green wood from the tree for his own benefit, or if he removed from it a stick, or a rod, or even a leaf, he has thereby revoked its idolatrous status, as he has proven that he no longer worships it. If a gentile shaved down the tree for its own sake, to improve its appearance, it remains prohibited to derive benefit from it. If he shaved it down not for its own sake, it is permitted."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: Three stones that are adjacent to each other at the side of Mercury [Markulis] are prohibited, as that idol was worshipped by tossing stones toward it, which then became part of the idol. But if there are only two stones, then they are permitted. And the Rabbis say: Those stones that are adjacent to Mercury and appear to have fallen from it are prohibited. But those stones that are not adjacent to it are permitted.",
+ "If one found money, a garment, or vessels at the head of Mercury, these are permitted. If one found vine branches laden with clusters of grapes, or wreaths made of stalks, or containers of wine, oil, or flour, or any other item the likes of which is sacrificed on the altar there, it is prohibited.",
+ "In the case of an object of idol worship that had a garden or a bathhouse, one may derive benefit from them when it is not to the advantage of the idol worship, i.e., when he does not pay for his use, but one may not derive benefit from them when it is to their advantage, i.e., if one is required to pay for his use. If the garden or bathhouse belonged jointly to the place of idol worship and to others, one may derive benefit from them, both when it is to their advantage and when it is not to their advantage. ",
+ "A gentile’s object of idol worship is prohibited immediately, i.e., as soon as it is fashioned for that purpose, but a Jew’s object of idol worship is not prohibited until it is actually worshipped. A gentile can revoke the status of his object of idol worship and the status of the idol of another gentile, but a Jew cannot revoke the status of the object of idol worship of a gentile. One who revokes the status of an object of idol worship thereby revokes the status of its accessories. But if he revokes the status of its accessories, its accessories alone are rendered permitted, but the object of idol worship itself remains prohibited.",
+ "How does a gentile revoke the status of an object of idol worship? If he cut off the tip of its ear, or the tip of its nose, or its fingertip; or if he crushed it, even though he did not remove any part of it, in all these cases he thereby revoked its status as an object of idol worship. If he spat before the idol, urinated before it, dragged it on the ground, or threw excrement at it, the status of this idol is not revoked, as this is only a temporary display of scorn, and afterward the gentile might continue to worship the idol. If the gentile sold it or mortgaged it, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: He thereby revoked its status. And the Rabbis say that he did not revoke its status.",
+ "With regard to an object of idol worship that was abandoned by its worshippers, if it was abandoned in peacetime, it is permitted, as it was evidently abandoned by choice and this constitutes an implicit revocation of its status as an object of idol worship. If it was abandoned in wartime, it is prohibited, as it was not abandoned by choice. With regard to the stone platforms of kings upon which idols are placed in honor of the kings, these are permitted, due to the fact that the idol is placed on these platforms only at the time that the kings pass by.",
+ "The gentiles asked the Jewish Sages who were in Rome: If it is not God’s will that people should engage in idol worship, why does He not elimi-nate it? The Sages said to them: Were people worshipping only objects for which the world has no need, He would eliminate it. But they worship the sun and the moon and the stars and the constellations. Should He destroy His world because of the fools? The gentiles said to the Sages: If so, let Him destroy those objects of idol worship for which the world has no need and leave those objects for which the world has a need. The Sages said to them: If that were to happen, we would thereby be supporting the worshippers of those objects for which the world has need, as they would say: You should know that these are truly gods, as they were not eliminated from the world, whereas the others were eliminated.",
+ "One may purchase from a gentile a winepress in which the grapes have been trodden on, despite the fact that the gentile takes grapes in his hand from the winepress and places them on the pile that remains to be trodden on. And the gentile’s touch does not render the juice of the grapes wine used for a libation in idol worship, which is forbidden, until it descends into the collection vat, because until then it does not have the status of wine. Once the wine descended into the collection vat, that which is in the vat is prohibited, and the rest, which did not yet descend into the vat, is permitted.",
+ "One may tread on grapes together with the gentile in the winepress, but one may not harvest grapes with him. After the harvest the grapes are brought to the winepress, which is ritually impure. This would render the grapes impure, and it is prohibited to render produce of Eretz Yisrael impure. In the case of a Jew who produces his wine in a state of ritual impurity, one may not tread on grapes nor harvest them with him, as it is prohibited to assist transgressors. But once he has produced his wine, one may take the barrels to the winepress with him, as the wine is already impure. And one may also bring the barrels from the winepress together with him. Similarly, in the case of a baker who makes his bread in a state of ritual impurity, one may not knead or arrange the dough in the shape of bread together with him, so as not to assist in a transgression. But one may take the bread with him to the bread merchant [lapalter].",
+ "In the case of a gentile who was found standing next to the wine collection vat, if there is a loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is prohibited. Since the gentile maintains that he has a right to the owner’s property he has no compunctions about touching the wine. But if there is no loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is permitted, as it is assumed that the gentile did not touch the wine that was not his. If a gentile fell into the wine collection vat and emerged from it, or if he measured the wine in the winepress with a pole without touching it with his hands, or if he cast a hornet out of the wine by means of a pole and the pole touched the wine, or where the gentile was removing the foam that was on the top of a fermenting barrel of wine; with regard to all these cases there was such an incident. And the Sages said that the wine may be sold to gentiles, as it is permitted to derive benefit from the wine, but not to drink it. And Rabbi Shimon deems the wine permitted even for drinking. In a case where a gentile took the barrel of wine and threw it, in his anger, into the wine collection vat, this was an incident that occurred and the Sages deemed the wine fit for drinking.",
+ "In the case of a Jew who renders the wine of a gentile permitted by treading the gentile’s grapes so that the wine can be sold to Jews, and although a Jew has not yet paid for the wine he then places the wine in the gentile’s domain in a house that is open to a public thoroughfare until he sells it, the halakha depends on the circumstances. If this occurs in a city in which there are both gentiles and Jews, the wine is permitted, as the gentile does not touch the wine lest the Jews see him doing so. If this occurs in a city in which all its inhabitants are gentiles, the wine is prohibited unless a Jew sits and safeguards the wine. But the watchman is not required to sit and guard the wine constantly; even if he frequently leaves the place and comes in again later, the wine is permitted. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: The domain of gentiles is all one, as the Gemara will explain.",
+ "In the case of a Jew who renders the wine of a gentile permitted by treading the gentile’s grapes so that the wine can be sold to Jews, and he then places the wine in the gentile’s domain until he sells it, the halakha depends on the circumstances. If that one, the gentile, writes for the Jew: I received money from you in payment for the wine, even though he did not yet receive the actual payment, the wine is permitted. This is because the wine is considered the Jew’s property and the gentile does not venture to touch it. But if the Jew desires to remove the wine and the gentile does not allow him to do so until the Jew gives him the money due to him, this was an incident that occurred in Beit She’an and the Sages deemed the wine prohibited. In this case the gentile believes that he has a lien upon the wine, and therefore he has no compunctions about touching it."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In the case of a gentile who hires a Jewish laborer to work with wine used for an idolatrous libation with him, his wage is forbidden, i.e., it is prohibited for the Jew to derive benefit from his wage. If the gentile hired him to do other work with him, even if he said to him while he was working with him: Transport the barrel of wine used for a libation for me from this place to that place, his wage is permitted, i.e., the Jew is permitted to derive benefit from the money. With regard to a gentile who rents a Jew’s donkey to carry wine used for a libation on it, its rental fee is forbidden. If he rented it to sit on it, even if a gentile placed his jug of wine used for a libation on it, its rental fee is permitted.",
+ "In the case of wine used for a libation that fell on grapes, one rinses them and they are permitted. But if the grapes were cracked, they are forbidden. In a case where the wine fell on figs or on dates, if there is sufficient wine in them to impart flavor, they are forbidden. And there was an incident involving Boethus ben Zunen, who transported dried figs in a ship, and a barrel of wine used for a libation broke and fell on them, and he asked the Sages as to the halakha, and the Sages deemed the figs permitted. This is the principle: Anything that benefits from a forbidden item imparting flavor to it, i.e., the forbidden item contributes a positive taste to it, is forbidden, and anything that does not benefit from a forbidden item imparting flavor to it is permitted, such as forbidden vinegar that fell onto split beans, as the flavor imparted by the vinegar does not enhance the taste of the beans.",
+ "With regard to a gentile who was transporting barrels of wine from one place to another place together with a Jew, if the wine was under the presumption of being supervised, it is permitted. But if the Jew notified him that he was going far away, the wine is forbidden if the Jew left for a sufficient amount of time for the gentile to bore a hole [sheyishtom] in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The wine is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for the gentile to open the barrel by removing the stopper altogether, stop it again by making a new stopper, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "With regard to one who placed his wine in a wagon or on a ship with a gentile, and went on his way by a shortcut [bekappendarya], such that the gentile does not know when the Jew will encounter him, even if the Jew entered the city and bathed, the wine is permitted, because the gentile would not use the wine for a libation, for fear the owner might catch him at it. If the Jew informed the gentile that he was going away for a long period of time, the wine is forbidden if it was sufficient time for the gentile to bore a hole in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for him to open the barrel by removing the stopper altogether, stop it again, and for the new stopper to dry. With regard to one who left a gentile in his shop, even if the Jew went out and came in and was not there all the time, the wine is permitted. But if the Jew informed the gentile that he was going away for a long period of time, the wine is forbidden if it was sufficient time for the gentile to bore a hole in the barrel, seal it again with plaster, and for the plaster to dry. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: The wine is forbidden only if it was sufficient time for him to open the barrel, stop it again, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "If a Jew was eating with a gentile at the table, and left jugs [laginin] of wine on the table and a jug on the side table [hadulebaki], and he left it and went out, what is on the table is forbidden, as it is likely that the gentile handled it, whereas what is on the side table is permitted. But if the Jew said to the gentile: Mix water with the wine and drink, even the jug that is on the side table is forbidden. Similarly, open barrels are forbidden, but sealed barrels are permitted unless the Jew was out of the room for sufficient time for the gentile to open the barrel by removing the stopper, and stop it again by making a new stopper, and for the new stopper to dry.",
+ "In the case of a military unit [boleshet] that entered a city, if it entered during peacetime, then after the soldiers leave the open barrels of wine are forbidden, but the sealed barrels are permitted. If the unit entered in wartime, both these barrels and those barrels are permitted, because in wartime there is no time to pour wine for libations, and one can be certain that the soldiers did not do so.",
+ "With regard to Jewish craftsmen to whom a gentile sent a barrel of wine used for a libation in lieu of their wage, it is permitted for them to say to him: Give us its monetary value instead. But once it has entered into their possession, it is prohibited for them to say so, as that would be tantamount to selling the wine to the gentile and deriving benefit from it. In the case of a Jew who sells his wine to a gentile, if he fixed a price before he measured the wine into the gentile’s vessel, deriving benefit from the money paid for the wine is permitted. It is not tantamount to selling wine used for a libation, as the gentile purchased the wine before it became forbidden, and the money already belonged to the Jew. But if the Jew measured the wine into the gentile’s vessel, thereby rendering it forbidden, before he fixed a price, the money paid for the wine is forbidden. In a case where a Jew took a funnel and measured wine into a gentile’s jug, and then measured wine with the same funnel into a Jew’s jug, if there is a remnant of wine left in the funnel, the wine measured into the Jew’s jug is forbidden, as some of the wine that was measured into the gentile’s jug is mixed in it. In the case of one who pours wine from one vessel into another vessel, the wine left in the vessel from which he poured is permitted, but the wine in the vessel into which he poured is forbidden.",
+ " Wine used for a libation is forbidden, and any amount of it renders other wine forbidden if they are mixed together. Wine used for a libation that became mixed with wine, or water that was used for an idolatrous libation that became mixed with ordinary water, renders the mixture forbidden with any amount of the forbidden wine or water; but wine used for a libation that became mixed with water, or water used for a libation that became mixed with wine renders the mixture forbidden only if the forbidden liquid is sufficient to impart flavor to the mixture, i.e., for the wine to flavor the water or for the water to dilute the wine to an extent that can be tasted. This is the principle: A substance in contact with the same type of substance renders the mixture forbidden with any amount of the forbidden substance, but a substance in contact with a different type of substance renders the mixture forbidden only in a case where it imparts flavor to it. ",
+ "These following items are themselves forbidden, and any amount of them renders other items with which they become mixed forbidden: Wine used for a libation; and objects of idol worship; and hides with a tear opposite the heart, indicating the idolatrous practice of sacrificing hearts of live animals. And this halakha also applies to an ox that has been condemned to be stoned (see Exodus 21:28), from which it is prohibited to derive benefit even before its sentence is carried out; and it applies to a heifer whose neck is broken when a person is found killed in an area between two cities and the murderer is unknown (see Deuteronomy 21:1–9), which is likewise forbidden from the time it is taken down to the river to be killed. In these cases, if the animal becomes mixed in a herd of similar animals, all of the animals in the herd are forbidden. And this halakha also applies to birds designated for the purification of a leper (Leviticus 14:1–6), and the shorn hair of a nazirite (Numbers 6:18), and a firstborn donkey (Exodus 13:13), and meat that was cooked in milk (Exodus 23:19), and the scape-goat of Yom Kippur (Leviticus 16:7–10), and the meat of a non-sacred animal that was slaughtered in the Temple courtyard. All of these are forbidden themselves, and any amount of them renders a mixture forbidden.",
+ " In the case of wine used for a libation that fell into a wine cistern, it is prohibited to derive benefit from all of the wine in the cistern, even if the volume of the wine used for a libation was tiny in comparison to the volume of the wine in the cistern. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: All of the wine in the cistern may be sold to a gentile, and the money paid for it is permitted except for the value of the wine used for a libation that is included in it.",
+ "In the case of a stone winepress that a gentile lined with pitch and then poured wine onto the pitch to neutralize its flavor, one may cleanse it and it is pure, i.e., wine pressed in it is permitted. And if the winepress is fashioned of wood, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: One may cleanse it, but the Rabbis say: One must peel off the pitch completely. And if the winepress is of earthenware, even if one peeled off the pitch, this press is forbidden.",
+ "One who purchases cooking utensils from the gentiles must prepare them for use by Jews in the following manner: With regard to those utensils whose manner of preparation is to immerse them in a ritual bath, as they require no further preparation, he must immerse them accordingly. With regard to those utensils whose manner of preparation is to purge them with boiling water, as those utensils are used with boiling water, e.g., pots, he must purge them accordingly. With regard to those whose manner of preparation is to heat until white-hot in the fire, as they are used for grilling, he must heat them until white-hot in the fire. Therefore, with regard to the spit [hashappud] and the grill [veha’askela], he must heat them until white-hot in the fire. With regard to the knife, he must polish it and it is rendered pure."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2a3f3370c2b141296379d498f967d27de95db4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nלִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, \nאָסוּר מִלָּשֵׂאת וּמִלָּתֵת עִמָּהֶן, \nמִלְּהַשְׁאִילָן וּמִלְּהַשְׁאִיל עִמָּהֶן, \nמִלְּהַלְווֹתָן וּמִלִּלְווֹת מֵהֶן, \nמִלְּפָרְעָן וּמִלִּפָּרַע מֵהֶן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nנִפְרָעִין מֵהֶן, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֵצֵר. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מֵצֵר עַכְשָׁיו, \nשָׂמֵחַ הוּא לְאַחַר זְמַן. \n",
+ "רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁלֹשָׁה לִפְנֵיהֶן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה לְאַחֲרֵיהֶן אָסוּר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן אָסוּר, \nלְאַחַר אֵידֵיהֶן, מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵלּוּ אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם: \nקָלַנְטָס, \nוּסְטַרְגִילָיָה, \nוּקַרָטֵיסִים, \nוְיוֹם גְּנֶסְיָה שֶׁלַּמְּלָכִים, \nוְיוֹם הַלֵּדָה, \nוְיוֹם הַמִּיתָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nכָּל מִיתָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ שְׂרִיפָה, \nיֶשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nוְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שְׂרִיפָה, \nאֵין בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \n\nג\nיוֹם תִּגְלַחַת זְקָנוֹ וּבַלּוֹרִיתוֹ, \nיוֹם שֶׁעָלָה בוֹ מִן הַיָּם, \nוְיוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא בוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים, \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם, וְאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ. \n",
+ "ד\nעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nחוּצָה לָהּ מֻתָּר. \nהָיָה חוּצָה לָהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nתּוֹכָהּ מֻתָּר. \nמַה הוּא לֵילֵךְ לַשָּׁם? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ מְיֻחֶדֶת לְאוֹתוֹ הַמָּקוֹם, \nאָסוּר. \nאִם יָכוֹל לֵילֵךְ בָּהּ מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, \nמֻתָּר. \nעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nוְהָיוּ בָהּ חֲנוּיוֹת מְעֻטָּרוֹת וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת, \nזֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, \nוְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nמְעֻטָּרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, \nוְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. \n",
+ "ה\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אֲסוּרִין לִמְכֹּר לַגּוֹיִם: \nאִצְטֵרוֹבִילִין וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ בִּפְטְרוֹתֵיהֶן, \nוּלְבֵנָה, וְתַרְנְגוֹל לָבָן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמוֹכֵר לוֹ לָבָן בֵּין הַתַּרְנָגְלִים. \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, \nקוֹטֵעַ אֶת אֶצְבָּעוֹ וּמוֹכְרוֹ, \nשֶׁאֵין מַקְרִיבִין חָסֵר לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים, \nסְתָמָן מֻתָּר, \nוּפֵרוּשָׁן אָסוּר. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף דָּקָל טָב וְחָצֵר וְנִקְלָבֵס, \nאָסוּר לִמְכֹּר לַגּוֹיִם. \n",
+ "ו\nמָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִמְכֹּר בְּהֵמָה דַקָּה לַגּוֹיִם, \nמוֹכְרִין; \nמָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר, \nאֵין מוֹכְרִין. \nוְאַל יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם, מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחְלְקוֹת! \nוּבְכָל מָקוֹם, \nאֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, \nעֲגָלִים וּסְיָחִין, <וקייָחִין!>\nשְׁלֵמִים וּשְׁבוּרִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בִּשְׁבוּרָה. <יודה>\nבֶּן בְּתֵירָה מַתִּיר בַּסּוּס. \n",
+ "ז\nאֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם דֻּבִּים וַאֲרָיוֹת, \nוְלֹא כָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נְזִיקָה לָרַבִּים. \nאֵין בּוֹנִין עִמָּהֶן בָּסִילְקִי, \nוּגְרָדוֹן, אִסְטַדְיָה, וּבִימָה. \nאֲבָל בּוֹנִין עִמָּהֶן דִּימוֹסָיוֹת וּמַרְחָצָיוֹת. \nהִגִּיעוּ לַכִּפָּה שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nאָסוּר לִבְנוֹתָהּ. \n",
+ "(וְאֵין עוֹשִׂים תַּכְשִׁיטִין לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: \nקֻטְלָאוֹת, וּנְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת; \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nבְּשָׂכָר, מֻתָּר.) \n\nח\nאֵין מוֹכְרִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, \nאֲבָל מוֹכֵר הוּא מִשֶּׁיִּקָּצֵץ; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: <יודה>\nמוֹכֵר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לָקוֹץ. \n\nט\nאֵין מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְאֵין צֹרֶךְ לוֹמַר שָׂדוֹת; \nוּבְסוּרְיָה, \nמַשְׂכִּירִין בָּתִּים, אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת. \nוּבְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nמוֹכְרִין בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nמַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶן בָּתִּים, \nוּבְסוּרְיָה, \nמוֹכְרִין בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת, \nוּבְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ מוֹכְרִין אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ. \n",
+ "י\nאַף בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַשְׂכִּיר, \nלֹא לְבֵית דִּירָה אָמָרוּ, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַכְנִיס לְתוֹכָהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים ז,כו) \n\"לֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה אֶל בֵּיתֶךָ, וְהָיִיתָ חֵרֶם כָּמֹהוּ,\nשַׁקֵּץ תְּשַׁקְּצֶנּוּ וְתַעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ, כִּי חֵרֶם הוּא.\" \nבְּכָל מָקוֹם, \nלֹא יַשְׂכִּיר לוֹ אֶת הַמַּרְחֵץ, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאֵין מַעֲמִידִין בְּהֵמָה בְפֻנְדְּקִנִית שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן חֲשׁוּדִין עַל הַבְּהֵמָה. \nלֹא תִתְיַחֵד אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן חֲשׁוּדִין עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת. \nלֹא יִתְיַחֵד אָדָם עִמָּהֶן, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן חֲשׁוּדִין עַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תְיַלֵּד אֶת הַנָּכְרִית, \nאֲבָל נָכְרִית מְיַלֶּדֶת אֶת בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תָנִיק אֶת בְּנָהּ שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִית; \nאֲבָל נָכְרִית מְנִיקָה אֶת בְנָהּ שֶׁלְּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּרְשׁוּתָהּ. \n",
+ "ב\nמִתְרַפִּין מֵהֶן רִפּוּי מָמוֹן, \nאֲבָל לֹא רִפּוּי נְפָשׁוֹת. \nאֵין מִסְתַּפְּרִין מֵהֶן בְּכָל מָקוֹם. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, מֻתָּר, \nאֲבָל לֹא בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינוֹ. \n",
+ "ג\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה: \nהַיַּיִן, \nוְהַחֹמֶץ שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם שֶׁהָיָה מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ יַיִן, \nוְחֶרֶס אַנְדְרְיָאנֵי, \nוְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהַקֶּרַע שֶׁלּוֹ עָגֹל, אָסוּר, <שֶׁהַקְרְעַ!>\nוּמָשׁוּךְ, מֻתָּר. \nוּבָשָׂר הַנִּכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מֻתָּר, \nוְהַיּוֹצֵא, אָסוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא זִבְחֵי מֵתִים. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nהַהוֹלְכִים לַתַּרְפּוּת, \nאָסוּר מִלָּשֵׂאת וּמִלִּתֵּן עִמָּהֶן, \nוְהַבָּאִין מֻתָּרִין. \n",
+ "ד\nנוֹדוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וְקִנְקְנֵיהֶן, \nוְיֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּנוּס בָּהֶן, \nאֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \n\nה <ו>\nהַחַרְצַנִּים וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם, \nאֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \n\nו <ה כתוב בתחתית הדף על ידי המגיה>\nהַמֻּרְיָס וְהַגְּבִנָּה וְתִנְיָקֵי שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם, \nאֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \n",
+ "ז\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nשָׁאַל רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֶת רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ \nכְּשֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִים בַּדֶּרֶךְ: \nמִפְּנֵי מָה אָסְרוּ גְבִינַת גּוֹיִם? <גְבִינַּת!>\nאָמַר לוֹ: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבַת הַנְּבֵלָה. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nוַהֲלֹא קֵבַת הָעוֹלָה חֲמוּרָה מִקֵּבַת הַנְּבֵלָה, \nוְאָמְרוּ \"כֹּהֵן שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ יָפָה שׁוֹרְפָהּ חָיָה\"? \nוְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים, אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ: \nלֹא נֶהְנִין וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין. \n\nח\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבַת עֶגְלֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאִם כֵּן, \nלָמָּה לֹא אֲסָרוּהָ בַהֲנָיָה? \nוְהִשִּׂיאוֹ לְדָבָר אַחֵר. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nיִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי! \nהֵיאָךְ אַתָּה קוֹרֵא: (שיר השירים א,ב) \n\"כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדֶיךָ מִיָּיִן\", \nאוֹ: \n'כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ'? \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n'כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ מִיָּיִן'. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאֵין הַדָּבָר כֵּן, \nשֶׁהֲרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ מְלַמֵּד עָלָיו (שיר השירים א,ג) \n\"לְרֵיחַ שְׁמָנֶיךָ טוֹבִים\". \n",
+ "ט\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִין שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה: \nחָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ, \nוְהַפַּת, וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁלָּהֶן, וְהַשְּׁלָקוֹת. \nרְבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. \nוּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָתֵת בָּהֶן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, \nוּטְרִית טְרוּפָה, \nוְצֵיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דָּגָה, \nוְהַחִילֵּק, \nוְקֹרֶט שֶׁלַּחִלְתִּית, \nוּמֶלַח סְלָקוֹנְטִית, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָיָה. \n",
+ "י\nאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה: \nחָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְיִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ, \nהַדְּבַשׁ, \nוְהַדַּמְדְּמָנִיּוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי מְנַטְּפוֹת, \nאֵין בָּהֶן מִשֵּׁם הֶכְשֵׁר מַשְׁקֶה, \nוּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁאֵין דַרְכָּן לָתֵת בָּהֶן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, \nוּטְרִית שֶׁאֵינָה טְרוּפָה, \nוְצֵיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ דָּגָה, \nוְעָלֶה שֶׁלַּחִלְתִּית, <ועל!>\nוְזֵיתֵי קְלוֹסְקָה מְגֻלְגָּלִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁלוּחִין אֲסוּרִין. \nחֲגָבִים מִן הַסְּלִילָה, אֲסוּרִין, \nמִן הַאַפּוֹתֵק, מֻתָּרִין בִּתְרוּמָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל הַצְּלָמִים אֲסוּרִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נֶעְבָּדִים אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ אָסוּר, \nאֶלָּא כָל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מַקֵּל, אוֹ צִפּוֹר, אוֹ כַדּוּר. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ כָל דָּבָר. \n",
+ "ב\nהַמּוֹצֵא שִׁבְרֵי צְלָמִים, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִים. \nמָצָא תַבְנִית יָד, תַבְנִית רֶגֶל, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן נֶעְבָּד. \n",
+ "ג\nהַמּוֹצֵא כֵלִים, \nוַעֲלֵיהֶם צוּרַת הַחַמָּה, \nצוּרַת הַלְּבָנָה, צוּרַת הַדְּרָקוֹן, \nיוֹלִיכֵם לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר \nעַל הַמְכֻבָּדִין, אֲסוּרִים, \nוְעַל הַנִּבְזִין, מֻתָּרִין. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nשׁוֹחֵק וְזוֹרֶה לָרוּחַ אוֹ מֵטִיל לַיָּם. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאַף הוּא נֶעֱשָׂה זֶבֶל, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים יג,יח) \n\"וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם\". \n",
+ "ד\nשָׁאַל פָּרַקְלוֹס בֶּן פְּלַסְלוֹס \nאֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּעַכּוֹ, \nשֶׁהָיָה רוֹחֵץ בְּמַרְחֵץ שֶׁלְּאַפְרוֹדִיטִי, \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַתְכֶם: \n\"וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם\", \nמִפְּנֵי מָה אַתָּה רוֹחֵץ בְּמַרְחֵץ שֶׁלְּאַפְרוֹדִיטִי?\" \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"אֵין מְשִׁיבִין בַּמַּרְחֵץ.\" \nוּכְשֶׁיָּצָא, אָמַר לוֹ: \n\"אֲנִי לֹא בָאתִי בִגְבוּלָהּ, \nהִיא בָאת בִּגְבוּלִי. \nאֵין אוֹמְרִים: \nנַעֲשָׂה מַרְחֵץ לְאַפְרוֹדִיטִי, \nאֶלָּא: \nנֶעְשֵׂית הִיא אַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי לַמַּרְחֵץ. \n\nה\nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nאִם נוֹתְנִין לָךְ מָמוֹן הַרְבֵּה, \nאַתָּה נִכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלָּךְ \nעָרֹם וּבַעַל קֶרִי וּמַשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ? \nוְזוֹ עוֹמֶדֶת עַל הַבִּיב, \nוְכָל הָעָם מַשְׁתִּינִין בְּפָנֶיהָ! \nלֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא \"אֱלֹהֵיהֶם\": \nאֶת שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג מִשֵּׁם אֱלוֹהַּ, אָסוּר, \nוְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוּ נוֹהֵג מִשֵּׁם אֱלוֹהַּ, מֻתָּר.\" \n",
+ "ו\nהַגּוֹיִם הָעוֹבְדִים אֶת הֶהָרִים וְאֶת הַגְּבָעוֹת, \nהֵן מֻתָּרִין, \nוּמַה שֶּׁעֲלֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים ז,כה) \n\"לֹא תַחְמֹד כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עֲלֵיהֶם וְלָקַחְתָּ\". \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה הַגָּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: (דברים יב,ב) \n\"אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל הֶהָרִים\", וְלֹא הֶהָרִים אֱלֹהֵיהֶם; \n\"אֱלֹהֵיהֶם... עַל הַגְּבָעוֹת\", וְלֹא הַגְּבָעוֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. \n[וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֲשֵׁרָה אֲסוּרָה?] \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ תְּפִיסַת יַד אָדָם, \nוְכָל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ תְפִיסַת יַד אָדָם אָסוּר. \n\nז\nאָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nאֲנִי אֶהְיֶה אוֹבִין לְפָנֶיךָ: \nכָּל מָקוֹם שָׁאַתְּ מוֹצֵא \nהַר גָּבוֹהַּ, וְגִבְעָה נִשָּׂאָה, וְעֵץ רַעֲנָן, \nדַּע שֶׁיֶּשׁ שָׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \n",
+ "ח\nמִי שֶׁהָיָה בֵיתוֹ סָמוּךְ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְנָפַל, \nאָסוּר לִבְנוֹתוֹ. \nכֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה? \nכּוֹנֵס בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וּבוֹנֶה. \nהָיָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁלַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nיִדּוֹן מַחְצָה לְמַחְצָה. \nאֲבָנָיו וְעֵצָיו וַעֲפָרוֹ מְטַמִּין כַּשֶּׁרֶץ, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים ז,כו) \n\"שַׁקֵּץ תְּשַׁקְּצֶנּוּ, וְתַעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ, \nכִּי חֵרֶם הוּא.\" \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nכַּנִּדָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה ל,כב) \n\"תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה, צֵא תֹאמַר לוֹ\". \nמַה הַנִּדָּה מְטַמָּא בַמַּשָּׂא, \nאַף עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְטַמָּא בַמַּשָּׂא. \n",
+ "ט\nשְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּין הֵן: \nבַּיִת שֶׁבְּנָיוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nהֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר; \nסִיְּדוֹ וְכִיְּרוֹ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְחִדֵּשׁ, \nנוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ; \nהִכְנִיס לְתוֹכוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְהוֹצִיאָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. \n\nי\nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֲבָנִים הֵן: \nאֶבֶן שֶׁחֲצָבָהּ מִתְּחִלָּה לַבּוֹמָס, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה; \nסִיְּדָהּ וְכִיְּרָהּ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְחִדֵּשׁ, \nנוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ; \nהֶעֱמִיד עָלֶיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְסִלְּקָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. \n\nיא\nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֲשֵׁרוֹת הֵן: \nאִילָן שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nהֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר; \nגִּדְּעוֹ וּפִסְּלוֹ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְהֶחֱלִיף, \nנוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁהֶחֱלִיף; \nהֶעֱמִיד תַּחְתָּיו עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וּבִטְּלָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. \n\nיב\nאֵי זוֹ הִיא אֲשֵׁרָה? \nכָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ תַּחְתֶּיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁעוֹבְדִין אוֹתָהּ. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָן, \nבְּאִילָן שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְדִין אוֹתוֹ, \nוְהָיָה תַחְתָּיו גַּל. \nאָמַר לָהֶן רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: \n\"בִּדְקוּ אֶת הַגַּל הַזֶּה!\" \nוּבְדָקוּהוּ, וּמָצְאוּ בוֹ צוּרָה. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \n\"הוֹאִיל וְלַצּוּרָה הֵן עוֹבְדִין, \nנַתִּיר לָהֶן אֶת הָאִילָן.\" \n",
+ "יג\nלֹא יֵשֵׁב בְּצִלָּהּ, \nוְאִם יָשַׁב, טָהוֹר. \nוְלֹא יַעֲבֹר תַּחְתֶּיהָ, \nוְאִם עָבַר, טָמֵא. \nהָיְתָה גוֹזֶלֶת אֶת הָרַבִּים, \nוְעָבַר תַּחְתֶּיהָ, טָהוֹר. \nוְזוֹרְעִין תַּחְתֶּיהָ יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, \nאֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה. \nוְהַחַזְרִין, \nלֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף לֹא יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנְּבִיָּה נוֹשֶׁרֶת, \nוַהֲוָת הֲנָאָה לָהֶם לַזֶּבֶל. \n",
+ "יד\nנָטַל מִמֶּנָּה עֵצִים וַאֲבָנִים, \nאֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָיָה. \nהִסִּיק בָּהֶן אֶת הַתַּנּוּר, \nאִם חָדָשׁ, יֻתַּץ, \nוְאִם יָשָׁן, יָצֵן. \nאָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, \nהַפַּת אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָיָה; \nנִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, \nכֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת בַּהֲנָיָה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיוֹלִיךְ הֲנָיָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאֵין פִּדָּיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \n\nיה\nנָטַל מִמֶּנָּה כַרְכֵּד, \nאָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה. \nאָרַג בּוֹ אֶת הַבֶּגֶד, \nהַבֶּגֶד אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה; \nנִתְעָרַב בַּאֲחֵרִים, \nכֻּלָּן אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָיָה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיוֹלִיךְ הֲנָיָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאֵין פִּדָּיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \n",
+ "יו\nכֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ? \nקִרְסֵם וְזֵרֵד, \nנָטַל מִמֶּנָּה מַקֵּל אוֹ שַׁרְבִּיט, \nאֲפִלּוּ עָלֶה, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ בְטֵלָה. \nשְׁפָיָהּ לְצָרְכָהּ, אֲסוּרָה; \nוְשֶׁלֹּא לְצָרְכָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֲבָנִים זוֹ בְצַד זוֹ בְּצַד הַמַּרְקוּלִיס, \nאֲסוּרוֹת; \nוּשְׁתַּיִם, מֻתָּרוֹת; \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֶת שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה עִמּוֹ, אֲסוּר, \nוְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוּ נִרְאֶה עִמּוֹ, מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "ב\nמָצָא בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָעוֹת, כְּסוּת, אֳכָלִים, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. \nפַּרְכִירֵי עֲנָבִים, וְעַטְרוֹת שֶׁלַּשִּׁבֳּלִים, \nוְיֵינוֹת שְׁמָנִים וּסְלָתוֹת, \nוְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ קָרֵב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, \nאָסוּר. \n",
+ "ג\nעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ גַּנָּה וּמַרְחֵץ, \nנֶהְנִים מֵהֶן שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, \nוְאֵין נֶהְנִין מֵהֶם בְּטוֹבָה. \nהָיָה שֶׁלָּהּ וְשֶׁלַּאֲחֵרִים, \nנֶהְנִין מֵהֶן בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה. \n",
+ "ד <ה>\nעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי, אֲסוּרָה מִיָּד, <מִיָּדוֹ!>\nוְשֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, מִשֶּׁתֵּעָבֵד. <שֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל!> \nנָכְרִי מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nיִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינוּ מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי. \nהַמְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, בִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ; \nבִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ, \nמְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ מְבֻטָּלִין וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה. \n",
+ "ה\nכֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ? \nקָטַע רֹאשׁ אָזְנָהּ, רֹאשׁ חוֹטָמָהּ, רֹאשׁ אֶצְבָּעָהּ, \nפְּחָסָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא חִסְּרָהּ, \nבִּטְּלָהּ. \nרָקַק בְּפָנֶיהָ, הִשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, \nגֵּרְדָהּ, זָרַק בָּהּ אֶת הַצּוֹאָה, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֵינָה בְטֵלָה. \nמְכָרָהּ אוֹ מִשְׁכְּנָהּ, \nרְבִּי אוֹמֵר: \nבִּטֵּל. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא בִטֵּל. \n",
+ "ו\nעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִנִּיחוּהָ עוֹבְדֶיהָ, \nבְשָׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, מֻתֶּרֶת; \nבְּשָׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֲסוּרָה. \nבּוֹמְסָיוֹת שֶׁלַּמְּלָכִים, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִים, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתוֹ \nבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַמְּלָכִים עוֹבְרִין. <בְּשָׁעָת!>\n",
+ "ז\nשָׁאֲלוּ אֶת הַזְּקֵנִים בְּרוֹמִי: \n\"אִם אֵין רְצוֹנוֹ בַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nמִפְּנֵי מָה אֵינוּ מְבַטְּלָהּ?\" \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן: \n\"אִלּוּ לַדָּבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹ הָיוּ עוֹבְדִין, \nהָיָה מְבַטְּלוֹ; \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ עוֹבְדִין לַחַמָּה וְלַלְּבָנָה וְלַכּוֹכָבִים. \nיְאַבֵּד עוֹלָמוֹ מִפְּנֵי הַשּׁוֹטִין?\" \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם: \n\"אִם כֵּן, \nיְאַבֵּד דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹ, \nוִיקַיֵּם דָּבָר שֶׁצֹּרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹ!\" \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן: \n\"אַף אָנוּ מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְדֵיהֶם שֶׁלָּאֵלּוּ, \nוְיֹאמְרוּ: \nתֵּדְעוּ שֶׁהֵן אֱלוֹהוֹת, \nשֶׁהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא בָטְלוּ. \"\n",
+ "ח\nלוֹקְחִין גַּת בְּעוּטָה מִן הַנָּכְרִי, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל בְּיָדוֹ וְנוֹתֵן הַתַּפּוּחַ, \nאֵינוּ נֶעֱשָׂה יַיִן נֶסֶךְ עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד לַבּוֹר. \nיָרַד לַבּוֹר, \nמַה שֶּׁבַּבּוֹר אָסוּר, \nוְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "ט\nדּוֹרְכִין עִם הַנָּכְרִי בַגַּת, \nאֲבָל לֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ. \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, \nלֹא דוֹרְכִין וְלֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ, \nאֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ חֲבִיּוֹת לַגַּת \nוּמְבִיאִין עִמּוֹ מִן הַגַּת. \n\nי\nנַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, \nלֹא לָשִׁים וְלֹא עוֹרְכִים עִמּוֹ, \nאֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ פַת לַפְּלָטֵר. \n",
+ "יא <כ>\nנָכְרִי שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַבּוֹר שֶׁלַּיַּיִן, \nאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו מַלְוָה, אָסוּר; \nאֵין לוֹ עָלָיו מַלְוָה, מֻתָּר. \nנָפַל לַבּוֹר וְעָלָה, \nמְדָדוֹ בַקָּנֶה, \nוְהָיָה מְטַפֵּחַ עַל פִּי חָבִית מְרֻתַּחַת, \nבְּכָל אֵלּוּ הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְאָמְרוּ: \nיִמָּכֵר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. \nנָטַל אֶת הֶחָבִית וּזְרָקָהּ לַבּוֹר, \nזֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְהִכְשִׁירוֹ. \n",
+ "יב\nהַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, \nבְּבַיִת שֶׁהוּא פָתוּחַ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, \nבְּעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ גּוֹיִם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, \nמֻתָּר; \nבְּעִיר שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ גּוֹיִם, \nאָסוּר, עַד שֶׁיּוֹשֵׁב שׁוֹמֵר. \nאֵין הַשּׁוֹמֵר צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, \nמֻתָּר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל רְשׁוּת הַגּוֹיִם אַחַת. \n",
+ "יג\nהַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, \nוְהַלָּה כוֹתֵב לוֹ <וְהַלָּא!>\nשֶׁ\"נִּתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמָּךְ מָעוֹת\", \n[מֻתָּר.] \nאֲבָל אִם יִרְצֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ, \nאֵין מַנִּיחוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת מָעוֹתָיו. \nזֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, \nוְאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׁוֹת עִמּוֹ בְיַיִן נֶסֶךְ, \nשְׂכָרוֹ אָסוּר. \nשְׂכָרוֹ לַעֲשׁוֹת עִמּוֹ מְלָאכָה אַחֶרֶת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"הַעֲבֵר לִי חָבִית שֶׁלְּיַיִן נֶסֶךְ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם\", \nשְׂכָרוֹ מֻתָּר. \n\nב\nהַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהָבִיא עָלֶיהָ יַיִן נֶסֶךְ, \nשְׂכָרָהּ אָסוּר. \nשְׂכָרָהּ לֵישֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִנִּיחַ לָגִינוֹ עָלֶיהָ, \nשְׂכָרָהּ מֻתָּר. \n",
+ "ג\nיַיִן נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל עַל גַּבֵּי עֲנָבִים, יְדִיחֵם, \nוְהֵן מֻתָּרוֹת; \nאִם הָיוּ מְבֻקָּעוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. \nנָפַל עַל גַּבֵּי תְאֵנִים אוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְמָרִים, \nאִם יֶשׁ בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְבוֹיְתַס בֶּן זֵנוֹן, \nשֶׁהָיָה מֵבִיא גְּרוֹגְרוֹת בִּסְפִינָה, \nוְנִשְׁתַּבְּרָה חָבִית שֶׁלְּיַיִן נֶסֶךְ עַל גַּבֵּיהֶם, \nוּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִכְשִׁירוּ. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא בַּהֲנָיָתוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר; \nכָּל שֶׁאֵינוּ בַּהֲנָיָתוֹ בְנוֹתֵן טַעַם, מֻתָּר, \nכְּגוֹן הַחֹמֶץ שֶׁנָּפַל לַגְּרִיסִים. \n",
+ "ד\nנָכְרִי שֶׁהָיָה מַעֲבִיר עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּדֵּי יַיִן מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, \nאִם הָיָה בְחֶזְקַת מִשְׁתַּמֵּר, \nמֻתָּר. \nוְאִם מוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיַחְתֹּם וְיִגַּב, \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיִגֹּף וְתִגַּב. \n",
+ "ה\nהַמַּנִּיחַ יֵינוֹ בַקָּרוֹן אוֹ בַסְּפִינָה, \nוְהָלַךְ לוֹ לְקַפֻּנְדַּרְיָה, \nנִכְנַס לַמְּדִינָה וְרָחַץ, מֻתָּר. \nאִם מוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגַּב; \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיִגֹּף וְתִגַּב. \n\nו\nהַמַּנִּיחַ נָכְרִי בַחֲנוּתוֹ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. \nאִם מוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגַּב; \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיִגֹּף וְתִגַּב. \n",
+ "ז\nהָיָה אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, \nוְהִנִּיחַ לְפָנָיו לָגִין עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, \nוְלָגִין עַל הַדְּלָפְקִי, \nוְהִנִּיחוֹ וְיָצָא, \nמַה שֶּׁעַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן אָסוּר, \nוּמַה שֶּׁעַל הַדְּלָפְקִי מֻתָּר. \nאִם אָמַר לוֹ: \n\"הֱוֶי מוֹזֵג וְשׁוֹתֶה!\" \nאַף שֶׁעַל הַדְּלָפְקִי אָסוּר. \nחֲבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת, \nוּסְתוּמוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיִגֹּף וְתִגַּב. \n",
+ "ח\nבֹּלֶשֶׁת שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לָעִיר בְּשָׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, \nחֲבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, \nוּסְתוּמוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. \nבְּשָׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, \nשֶׁאֵין פְּנַי לְנַסֵּךְ. \n",
+ "ט\nאֻמָּנִים יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nשֶׁשִּׁלַּח לָהֶם נָכְרִי חָבִית שֶׁלְּיַיִן נֶסֶךְ, \nמֻתָּר שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"תֶּן לָנוּ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ!\" \nאִם מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסָה לִרְשׁוּתָן, \nאָסוּר. \n\nי\nהַמּוֹכֵר יֵינוֹ לַנָּכְרִי, \nפִּסֵּק עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָדַד, \nדָּמָיו מֻתָּרִין. \nמָדַד עַד שֶׁלֹּא פִסֵּק, \nדָּמָיו אֲסוּרִין. \nנָטַל אֶת הַמַּשְׁפֵּךְ וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ, \nנְטָלוֹ וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ שֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ עִקְבַת יַיִן, \nאָסוּר. \nהַמְּעָרֶה מִכֶּלִי לְכֶלִי, \nהַמְּעָרֶה מִמֶּנּוּ מֻתָּר, \nוְאֶת שֶׁהֶעֱרָה לְתוֹכוֹ אָסוּר. \n",
+ "יא\nיַיִן נֶסֶךְ אָסוּר וְאוֹסֵר כָּל שֶׁהוּא. \nיַיִן בְּיַיִן וּמַיִם בְּמַיִם, \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא. \nיַיִן בְּמַיִם וּמַיִם בְּיַיִן, \nבְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nמִין בְּמִינוֹ כָל שֶׁהוּא, \nוְשֶׁלֹּא בְּמִינוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. \n",
+ "יב\nאֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאוֹסְרִין כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \nיַיִן נֶסֶךְ, \nוַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, \nוְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין, \nוְשׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, \nוְעֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, \nוְצִפֳּרֵי מְצֹרָע, \nוּשְׂעַר נָזִיר, \nוּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר, \nוּבָשָׂר בֶּחָלָב, \nוְחֻלִּים שֶׁנִשְׁחָטוּ בָעֲזָרָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאוֹסְרִין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n",
+ "יג\nיַיִן נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל לַבּוֹר, \nכֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָה. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nיִמָּכֵר כֻּלּוֹ לַגּוֹיִם, \nחוּץ מִדְּמֵי יַיִן נֶסֶךְ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ. \n",
+ "יד\nגַּת שֶׁלָּאֶבֶן שֶׁזְּפָתָהּ גּוֹי, \nמְנַגְּבָהּ, וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה. \nוְשֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nרְבִּי אוֹמֵר: \nיְנַגֵּב. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיִקְלֹף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת. \nוְשֶׁלַּחֶרֶס, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּלֵּף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. \n",
+ "הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלִי תַשְׁמִישׁ מִן הַגּוֹי, \nאֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַטְבִּיל, יַטְבִּיל, \nלְהַגְעִיל, יַגְעִיל, \nלְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר, יְלַבֵּן. \nהַשְּׁפוּד וְהָאַסְכָּלָה, מְלַבְּנָן בָּאוּר. \nוְהַסְּכִין, שָׁפָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה. \n\nחסל עבודה זרה \n\n\n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..427f655ce03daa06d0f6d291b5f32962cc716284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "לפני אידיהן של עכומ\"ז שלשה ימים אסור לשאת ולתת עמהן. להשאילן. ולשאול מהן. להלוותן. וללוות מהן. לפורען. ולפרוע מהן. רבי יהודה אומר נפרעין מהן מפני שהוא מיצר לו. אמרו לו אף על פי שמיצר הוא עכשיו. שמח הוא לאחר זמן: ",
+ "רבי ישמעאל אומר שלשה ימים לפניהם ושלשה ימים לאחריהם אסור. וחכמים אומרים לפני אידיהן אסור. לאחר אידיהן מותר: ",
+ "ואלו אידיהן של עכו\"ם. קלנדא. וסטרנורא. וקרטסים. ויום גנוסיא של מלכים. ויום הלידה. ויום המיתה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים כל מיתה שיש בה שרפה. יש בה עבודה זרה. ושאין בה שרפה. אין בה עבודה זרה. יום תגלחת זקנו ובלוריתו יום שעלה בו מן הים. ויום שיצא בו מבית האסורים. ועכו\"ם שעשה משתה לבנו. אינו אסור אלא אותו היום. ואותו האיש בלבד: ",
+ "עיר שיש בה עבודה זרה חוצה לה מותר. היה חוצה לה עבודה זרה. תוכה מותר. מהו לילך לשם. בזמן שהדרך מיוחדת לאותו מקום. אסור. ואם היה יכול להלך בה למקום אחר מותר. עיר שיש בה עבודה זרה. והיו בה חנויות מעוטרות. ושאינן מעוטרות. זה היה מעשה בבית שאן. ואמרו חכמים המעוטרות. אסורות, ושאינן מעוטרות מותרות: ",
+ "אלו דברים אסורים למכור לעובד כוכבים. אצטרובלין ובנות שוח ופטוטרותיהן ולבונה ותרנגול הלבן. רבי יהודה אומר מותר למכור לו לבן בין התרנגולין. ובזמן שהוא בפני עצמו קוטע את אצבעו ומוכרו לו לפי שאין מקריבין חסר לעבודה זרה. ושאר כל הדברים סתמן מותר ופירושן אסור. רבי מאיר אומר אף דקל טב וחצב. ונקליבם. אסור למכור לעכו\"ם: ",
+ "מקום שנהגו למכור בהמה דקה לעכו\"ם מוכרין. מקום שנהגו שלא למכור אין מוכרין. ובכל מקום אין מוכרין להם בהמה גסה. עגלים וסייחים שלמים ושבורין. רבי יהודה מתיר בשבורה. ובן בתירה מתיר בסוס: ",
+ "אין מוכרין להם דובין ואריות וכל דבר שיש בו נזק לרבים. אין בונין עמהם בסילקי. גרדום. ואצטדיא ובימה. אבל בונים עמהם בימוסיאות. ובית מרחצאות. הגיעו לכיפה. שמעמידין בה עבודה זרה אסור לבנות. ",
+ "ואין עושים תכשיטין לעבודה זרה. קוטלאות. ונזמים. וטבעות. רבי אליעזר אומר. בשכר מותר. אין מוכרין להם במחובר לקרקע. אבל מוכר הוא משיקצץ. רבי יהודה אומר מוכר הוא לו על מנת לקוץ. אין משכירין להם בתים בארץ ישראל. ואין צריך לומר שדות. ובסוריא משכירין להם בתים אבל לא שדות. ובחוץ לארץ מוכרין להם בתים ומשכירין שדות. דברי רבי מאיר. רבי יוסי אומר בארץ ישראל משכירין להם בתים אבל לא שדות. ובסוריא מוכרין בתים. ומשכירין שדות. ובחוצה לארץ מוכרין אלו ואלו: ",
+ "אף במקום שאמרו להשכיר. לא לבית דירה אמרו. מפני שהוא מכניס לתוכו עבודה זרה שנאמר (דברים ז, כו) לא תביא תועבה אל ביתך. ובכל מקום לא ישכיר לו את המרחץ. מפני שהוא נקרא על שמו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "אין מעמידין בהמה בפונדק אות של עכו\"ם. מפני שחשודין על הרביעה. ולא תתיחד אשה עמה מפני שחשודין על העריות. ולא יתיחד אדם עמהן מפני שחשודין על שפיכת דמים. בת ישראל לא תילד את עובדת כוכבים. מפני שמילדת בן לעבודה זרה. אבל עובדת כוכבים מילדת בת ישראל. בת ישראל לא תניק בנה של עובדת כוכבים. אבל עובדת כוכבי' מניקה בנה של ישראלית ברשותה: ",
+ "מתרפאין מהן רפוי ממון אבל לא רפוי נפשות. ואין מסתפרין מהן בכל מקום דברי רבי מאיר וחכמים אומרים ברשות הרבים מותר אבל לא בינו לבינו: ",
+ "אלו דברים של עכו\"ם אסורין. ואיסורן איסור הנאה. היין. והחומץ של עכו\"ם שהיה מתחלתו יין. וחרס הדרייני. ועורות לבובין. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר בזמן שהקרע שלו עגול אסור. משוך מותר. בשר הנכנס לעבודה זרה מותר. והיוצא אסור מפני שהוא כזבחי מתים. דברי רבי עקיבא. ההולכין לתרפות. אסור לשאת ולתת עמהם. והבאין מותרין: ",
+ "נודות העכו\"ם וקנקניהן. ויין של ישראל כנוס בהן. אסורין. ואיסורן איסור הנאה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים אין איסורן איסור הנאה. החרצנים והזגין של עכו\"ם אסורין. ואיסורן איסור הנאה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרין לחין אסורין. יבשין מותרין. המורייס וגבינות בית אונייקי של עכו\"ם אסורין ואיסורן איסור הנאה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים אין איסורן איסור הנאה: ",
+ "אמר רבי יהודה שאל רבי ישמעאל את רבי יהושע כשהיו מהלכין בדרך אמר לו מפני מה אסרו גבינות העכו\"ם. אמר לו מפני שמעמידין אותה בקיבה של נבלה. אמר לו והלא קיבת עולה חמורה מקיבת נבלה ואמרו כהן שדעתו יפה. שורפה חיה. ולא הודו לו. אבל אמרו אין נהנין ולא מועלין חזר אמר לו מפני שמעמידין אותה בקיבת עגלי עבודה זרה. אמר לו אם כן למה לא אסרוה בהנאה. השיאו לדבר אחר. אמר לו ישמעאל אחי. היאך אתה קורא (שיר השירים א, ב) כי טובים דודיך מיין. או כי טובים דודייך. אמר לו כי טובים דודייך. אמר לו אין הדבר כן שהרי חבירו מלמד עליו לריח שמניך טובים: ",
+ "אלו דברים של עכו\"ם אסורין ואין איסורן איסור הנאה. חלב שחלבו עכו\"ם ואין ישראל רואהו. והפת והשמן שלהן. רבי ובית דינו התירו בשמן ושלקות וכבשין שדרכן לתת לתוכן יין וחומץ וטרית טרופה. וציר שאין בה דגה כלבית שוטטת בו. והחילק וקורט של חלתית. ומלח סלקונטית. הרי אלו אסורין. ואין איסורן איסורה נאה: ",
+ "אלו מותרין באכילה. חלב שחלבו עכו\"ם וישראל רואהו. והדבש. והדבדניות אף על פי שמנטפין. אין בהם משום הכשר משקה. וכבשין שאין דרכן לתת לתוכן יין וחומץ. וטרית שאינה טרופה. וציר שיש בה דגה. ועלה של חלתית. וזיתים גלוסקאות המגולגלין. רבי יוסי אומר השלוחין אסורין. החגבים הבאים מן הסלולה אסורין. מן ההפתק מותרין. וכן לתרומה. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל הצלמים אסורים. מפני שהן נעבדין פעם אחת בשנה דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים אינו אסור אלא כל שיש בידו מקל. או צפור. או כדור. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כל שיש בידו כל דבר: ",
+ "המוצא שברי צלמים. הרי אלו מותרים. מצא תבנית יד או תבנית רגל. הרי אלו אסורים. מפני שכיוצא בהן נעבד: ",
+ "המוצא כלים. ועליהם צורת חמה. צורת לבנה. צורת דרקון. יוליכם לים המלח. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר שעל המכובדין אסורים. שעל המבוזין מותרין. רבי יוסי אומר שוחק וזורה לרוח. או מטיל לים אמרו לו אף הוא נעשה זבל. שנאמר (דברים יג, יח) ולא ידבק בידך מאומה מן החרם: ",
+ "שאל פרוקלוס בן פלוספוס את רבן גמליאל בעכו שהיה רוחץ במרחץ של אפרודיטי. אמר לו כתוב בתורתכם ולא ידבק בידך מאומה מן החרם מפני מה אתה רוחץ במרחץ של אפרודיטי. אמר לו אין משיבין במרחץ. וכשיצא אמר לו אני לא באתי בגבולה. היא באתה בגבולי. אין אומרים נעשה מרחץ לאפרודיטי נוי. אלא אומרים נעשה אפרודיטי נוי למרחץ. דבר אחר אם נותנין לך ממון הרבה אי אתה נכנס לעבודה זרה שלך ערום. ובעל קרי. ומשתין בפניה. וזו עומדת על פי הביב. וכל העם משתינין לפניה. לא נאמר אלא אלהיהם את שנוהג בו משום אלוה אסור. ואת שאינו נוהג בו משום אלוה מותר: ",
+ "הגוים העובדים את ההרים. ואת הגבעות. הן מותרין ומה שעליהם אסורים. שנאמר (דברים ז, כה) לא תחמוד כסף וזהב עליהם ולקחת. רבי יוסי הגלילי אומר (דברים ז, יב) אלהיהם על ההרים ולא ההרים אלהיהם. אלהיהם על הגבעות. ולא הגבעות אלהיהם. ומפני מה אשרה אסורה. מפני שיש בה תפיסת יד אדם. וכל שיש בה תפיסת ידי אדם אסור. אמר רבי עקיבא אני אובין ואדון לפניך. כל מקום שאתה מוצא הר גבוה. וגבעה נשאה. ועץ רענן. דע שיש שם עבודה זרה: ",
+ "מי שהיה ביתו סמוך לעבודה זרה. ונפל. אסור לבנותו. כיצד יעשה כונס בתוך שלו ארבע אמות ובונה. היה שלו ושל עבודה זרה. נדון מחצה על מחצה. אבניו עציו ועפרו. מטמאין כשרץ. שנאמר (דברים ז, כו) שקץ תשקצנו. רבי עקיבא אומר כנדה. שנאמר (ישעיה ל, כב) תזרם כמו דוה צא תאמר לו. מה נדה מטמאה במשא. אף עבודה זרה מטמאה במשא: ",
+ "שלשה בתים הן. בית שבנוי מתחלה לעבודה זרה. הרי זה אסור. סיידו וכיירו לעבודה זרה. וחידש. נוטל מה שחידש. הכניס לתוכה עבודה זרה והוציאה. הרי זה מותר. שלש אבנים הן. אבן שחצבה מתחלה לבימוס. הרי זו אסורה. סיירה וכיירה לשם עבודה זרה וחידש נוטל מה שחידש. העמיד עליה עבודה זרה וסילקה. הרי זו מותרת. שלש אשרות הן. אילן שנטעו מתחלה לשם עבודה זרה. הרי זו אסורה. גידעו ופסלו לשם עבודה זרה. והחליף נוטל מה שהחליף. העמיד תחתיה עבודה זרה וביטלה הרי זה מותר. איזו היא אשרה. כל שיש תחתיה עבודה זרה. רבי שמעון אומר כל שעובדין אותה. ומעשה בצידן באילן שהיו עובדין אותו ומצאו תחתיו גל. אמר להן רבי שמעון בדקו את הגל הזה. ובדקוהו ומצאו בו צורה. אמר להן הואיל ולצורה הן עובדין. נתיר להן את האילן: ",
+ "לא ישב בצלה. ואם ישב טהור. ולא יעבור תחתיה. ואם עבר טמא. היתה גוזלת את הרבים. ועבר תחתיה. טהור. וזורעין תחתיה ירקות בימות הגשמים. אבל לא בימות החמה. והחזרין לא בימות החמה ולא בימות הגשמים. רבי יוסי אומר אף לא ירקות בימות הגשמים. מפני שהנמייה נושרת עליהן. והוה להן לזבל: ",
+ "נטל ממנה עצים. אסורין בהנאה. הסיק בהן את התנור. אם חדש יותץ. ואם ישן יוצן. אפה בו את הפת. אסורה בהנאה. נתערבה באחרות. כולן אסורות בהנאה. רבי אליעזר אומר יוליך הנאה לים המלח. אמרו לו אין פדיון לעבודה זרה. נטל הימנה כרכור אסור בהנאה ארג בו את הבגד. הבגד אסור בהנאה. נתערב באחרים ואחרים באחרים. כולן אסורין בהנאה. רבי אליעזר אומר יוליך הנאה לים המלח. אמרו לו אין פדיון לעבודה זרה: ",
+ "כיצד מבטלה. קירסם וזירד. נטל ממנה מקל או שרביט. אפילו עלה. הרי זו בטלה. שפייה לצורכה אסורה. שלא לצורכה מותרת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי ישמעאל אומר שלש אבנים זו בצד זו. בצד מרקוליס אסורות. ושתים מותרות. וחכמים אומרים שנראות עמו אסורות. ושאין נראות עמו מותרות: ",
+ "מצא בראשו מעות. כסות. או כלים. הרי אלו מותרין. פרכילי ענבים. ועטרות של שבלים. ויינות ושמנים. וסלתות. וכל דבר שכיוצא בו קרב על גבי המזבח. אסור: ",
+ "עבודה זרה שהיה לה גינה. או מרחץ. נהנין מהן שלא בטובה ואין נהנין מהן בטובה. היה שלה ושל אחרים נהנין מהן בין בטובה ובין שלא בטובה: ",
+ "עבודה זרה של נכרי. אסורה מיד. ושל ישראל. אין אסורה עד שתיעבד. נכרי מבטל עבודה זרה שלו. ושל חברו. וישראל אין מבטל עבודה זרה של נכרי. המבטל עבודה זרה ביטל משמשיה. ביטל משמשיה. משמשיה מותרין. והיא אסורה: ",
+ "כיצד מבטלה. קטע ראש אזנה. ראש חוטמה. ראש אצבעה. פחסה. אף על פי שלא חיסרה. בטלה. רקק בפניה. השתין בפניה. גררה וזרק בה את הצואה. הרי זו אינה בטילה. מכרה או משכנה. רבי אומר ביטל. וחכמים אומרים. לא ביטל: ",
+ "עבודה זרה שהניחוה עובדיה. בשעת שלום מותרת. בשעת מלחמה אסורה. בימוסיאות של מלכים הרי אלו מותרות. מפני שמעמידין אותם בשעה שהמלכים עוברים: ",
+ "שאלו את הזקנים ברומי. אם אין רצונו עבודה זרה למה אינו מבטלה. אמרו להן אילו לדבר שאין צורך לעולם בו היו עובדין. היה מבטלו. הרי הן עובדין לחמה. וללבנה. ולכוכבים. ולמזלות. יאבד עולמו מפני השוטים. אמרו להם אם כן יאבד דבר שאין צורך לעולם בו. ויניח דבר שצורך העולם בו. אמרו להן אף אנו מחזיקין ידי עובדיהם של אלו. שאומרים תדעו שהן אלוהות. שהרי הן לא בטלו: ",
+ "לוקחין גת בעוטה מן העכו\"ם אף על פי שהוא נוטל בידו ונותן לתפוח. ואינו נעשה יין נסך עד שירד לבור. ירד לבור מה שבבור אסור. והשאר מותר: ",
+ "דורכין עם העובד כוכבים בגת אבל לא בוצרין עמו. ישראל שהוא עושה בטומאה. לא דורכין ולא בוצרין עמו. אבל מוליכין עמו חביות לגת. ומביאין עמו מן הגת. נחתום שהוא עושה בטומאה. לא לשין ולא עורכין עמו. אבל מוליכין עמו פת לפלטר: ",
+ "עובד כוכבים שנמצא עומד בצד הבור של יין. אם יש לו עליו מלוה אסור. אין לו עליו מלוה מותר. נפל לבור ועלה. ומדדו בקנה. התיז את הצרעה בקנה או שהיה מטפח על פי חבית מרותחת. בכל אלו היה מעשה. ואמרו ימכר. ורבי שמעון מתיר. נטל את החבית וזרקה בחמתו לבור. זה היה מעשה והכשירו: ",
+ "המטהר יינו של עכו\"ם ונותנו ברשותו בבית הפתוח לרשות הרבים. בעיר שיש בה עכו\"ם וישראלים. מותר. בעיר שכולה עכו\"ם אסור עד שיושיב שומר. ואין השומר צריך להיות יושב ומשמר. אף על פי שהוא יוצא ונכנס מותר. רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר כל רשות עכו\"ם אחת היא: ",
+ "המטהר יינו של עכו\"ם ונותנו ברשותו. והלה כותב לו התקבלתי ממך מעות מותר. אבל אם ירצה ישראל להוציאו. ואינו מניחו עד שיתן לו את מעותיו. זה היה מעשה בבית שאן ואסרו חכמים: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "השוכר את הפועל לעשות עמו ביין נסך. שכרו אסור. שכרו לעשות עמו מלאכה אחרת. אף על פי שאמר לו העבר לי חבית של יין נסך ממקום למקום. שכרו מותר. השוכר את החמור להביא עליה יין נסך. שכרה אסור. שכרה לישב עליה אף על פי שהניח העובד כוכבים לגינו עליה. שכרה מותר: ",
+ "יין נסך שנפל על גבי ענבים. ידיחן והן מותרות. ואם היו מבוקעות אסורות. נפל על גבי תאנים. או על גבי תמרים אם יש בהן בנותן טעם אסור. מעשה בביתס בן זונן שהביא גרוגרות בספינה ונשתברה חבית של יין נסך ונפל על גביהן ושאל לחכמים והתירום. זה הכלל כל שבהנאתו בנותן טעם. אסור. כל שאין בהנאתו בנותן טעם. מותר. כגון חומץ שנפל על גבי גריסין: ",
+ "עובד כוכבים שהיה מעביר עם ישראל כדי יין ממקום למקום אם היה בחזקת המשתמר. מותר. אם הודיעו שהוא מפליג. כדי שישתום ויסתום ויגוב. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כדי שיפתח ויגוף ותיגוב: ",
+ "המניח יינו בקרון או בספינה והלך לו בקפנדריא. נכנס למדינה. ורחץ. מותר. אם הודיעו שהוא מפליג. כדי שישתום ויסתום ויגוב. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כדי שיפתח. ויגוף ותיגוב. המניח עובד כוכבים בחנות אף על פי שהוא יוצא ונכנס. מותר. ואם הודיעו שהוא מפליג. כדי שישתום ויסתום ויגוב. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כדי שיפתח ויגוף. ותיגוב: ",
+ "היה אוכל עמו על השלחן. והניח לגינה על השלחן. ולגינה על הדולבקי והניחו ויצא. מה שעל השלחן אסור. ומה שעל הדולבקי מותר. ואם אמר לו הוי מוזג ושותה. אף שעל הדולבקי אסור. חביות פתוחות אסורות. סתומות כדי שיפתח ויגוף ותיגוב: ",
+ "בלשת עובדי כוכבים שנכנסה לעיר. בשעת שלום. חביות פתוחות אסורות. סתומות מותרות. בשעת מלחמה אלו ואלו מותרות. לפי שאין פנאי לנסך: ",
+ "אומנין של ישראל ששלח להם עובד כוכבים חבית של יין נסך בשכרן. מותרים לומר לו תן לנו את דמיה ואם משנכנסה לרשותן אסור. המוכר יינו לעובד כוכבים פסק עד שלא מדד. דמיו מותרין. מדד עד שלא פסק. דמיו אסורין. נטל את המשפך ומדד לתוך צלוחיתו של עובד כוכבים. וחזר ומדד לתוך צלוחיתו של ישראל. אם יש בו עכבת יין אסור. המערה מכלי אל כלי. את שעירה ממנו. מותר. ואת שעירה לתוכו. אסור: ",
+ "יין נסך. אסור ואוסר בכל שהוא. יין ביין. ומים במים. בכל שהוא. יין במים. ומים ביין. בנותן טעם. זה הכלל מין במינו במשהו. ושלא במינו. בנותן טעם: ",
+ "אלו אסורין ואוסרין בכל שהן. יין נסך. ועבודה זרה. ועורות לבובין. ושור הנסקל. ועגלה ערופה. וצפורי מצורע. ושער נזיר. ופטר חמור. ובשר בחלב. ושעיר המשתלח. וחולין שנשחטו בעזרה. הרי אלו אסורין ואוסרין בכל שהן: ",
+ "יין נסך שנפל לבור. כולו אסור בהנאה. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר ימכר כולו לנכרי חוץ מדמי יין נסך שבו: ",
+ "גת של אבן שזפתה עובד כוכבים. מנגבה והיא טהורה. ושל עץ. רבי אומר ינגב. וחכמים אומרים יקלוף את הזפת. ושל חרס. אף על פי שקלף את הזפת. הרי זו אסורה: ",
+ "הלוקח כלי תשמיש מן העובדי כוכבים. את שדרכו להטביל יטביל. להגעיל. יגעיל. ללבן באור. ילבן באור. השפוד. והאסכלה. מלבנן באור. הסכין. שפה. והיא טהורה: נשלמה מסכת עבודה זרה "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d68bd5b479fc5f42ae229b0165b566c87a18688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "לִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁל גּוֹיִם שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִמָּהֶן, לְהַשְׁאִילָן וְלִשְׁאֹל מֵהֶן, לְהַלְוֹתָן וְלִלְוֹת מֵהֶן, לְפָרְעָן וְלִפָּרַע מֵהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נִפְרָעִין מֵהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֵצֵר לוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּצֵר הוּא עַכְשָׁיו, שָׂמֵחַ הוּא לְאַחַר זְמָן: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים לִפְנֵיהֶם וּשְׁלשָׁה יָמִים לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, אָסוּר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן אָסוּר, לְאַחַר אֵידֵיהֶן מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, קָלֶנְדָּא, וּסְטַרְנוּרָא, וּקְרָטֵסִים, וְיוֹם גְּנֻסְיָא שֶׁל מְלָכִים, וְיוֹם הַלֵּידָה, וְיוֹם הַמִּיתָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל מִיתָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ שְׂרֵפָה, יֶשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שְׂרֵפָה, אֵין בָּה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. יוֹם תִּגְלַחַת זְקָנוֹ וּבְלוֹרִיתוֹ, יוֹם שֶׁעָלָה בוֹ מִן הַיָּם, וְיוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא בוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים, וְגוֹי שֶׁעָשָׂה מִשְׁתֶּה לִבְנוֹ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם וְאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "עִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, חוּצָה לָהּ מֻתָּר. הָיָה חוּצָה לָהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, תּוֹכָהּ מֻתָּר. מַהוּ לֵילֵךְ לְשָׁם. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ מְיֻחֶדֶת לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם, אָסוּר. וְאִם הָיָה יָכוֹל לְהַלֵּךְ בָּהּ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, מֻתָּר. עִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהָיוּ בָהּ חֲנֻיּוֹת מְעֻטָּרוֹת וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, הַמְעֻטָּרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אֲסוּרִים לִמְכֹּר לְגוֹיִם, אִצְטְרוֹבָּלִין, וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ וּפְטוֹטְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וּלְבוֹנָה, וְתַרְנְגוֹל הַלָּבָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֻתָּר לִמְכּוֹר לוֹ תַּרְנְגוֹל לָבָן בֵּין הַתַּרְנְגוֹלִין. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, קוֹטֵעַ אֶת אֶצְבָּעוֹ וּמוֹכְרוֹ לוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מַקְרִיבִין חָסֵר לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים, סְתָמָן מֻתָּר, וּפֵרוּשָׁן אָסוּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף דֶּקֶל טָב וַחֲצָב וְנִקְלִיבָם אָסוּר לִמְכֹּר לְגוֹיִם: \n",
+ "מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִמְכֹּר בְּהֵמָה דַקָּה לְגוֹיִם, מוֹכְרִין. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר, אֵין מוֹכְרִין. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, עֲגָלִים וּסְיָחִים, שְׁלֵמִים וּשְׁבוּרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בִּשְׁבוּרָה. וּבֶן בְּתֵירָה מַתִּיר בְּסוּס: \n",
+ "אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם דֻּבִּין וַאֲרָיוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נֵזֶק לָרַבִּים. אֵין בּוֹנִין עִמָּהֶם בָּסִילְקִי, גַּרְדּוֹם, וְאִצְטַדְיָא, וּבִימָה. אֲבָל בּוֹנִים עִמָּהֶם בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת וּבֵית מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת. הִגִּיעוּ לַכִּפָּה שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אָסוּר לִבְנוֹת: \n",
+ "וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין תַּכְשִׁיטִין לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, קֻטְלָאוֹת וּנְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּשָׂכָר מֻתָּר. אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, אֲבָל מוֹכֵר הוּא מִשֶּׁיִּקָּצֵץ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מוֹכֵר הוּא לוֹ עַל מְנָת לָקוֹץ. אֵין מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שָׂדוֹת. וּבְסוּרְיָא מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים, אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת. וּבְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים, אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת. וּבְסוּרְיָא מוֹכְרִין בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת. וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ מוֹכְרִין אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "אַף בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַשְׂכִּיר, לֹא לְבֵית דִּירָה אָמְרוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַכְנִיס לְתוֹכוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) וְלֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה אֶל בֵּיתֶךָ. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם לֹא יַשְׂכִּיר לוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נִקְרָא עַל שְׁמוֹ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵין מַעֲמִידִין בְּהֵמָה בְּפֻנְדְּקָאוֹת שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל הָרְבִיעָה. וְלֹא תִתְיַחֵד אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת. וְלֹא יִתְיַחֵד אָדָם עִמָּהֶן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל שְׁפִיכַת דָּמִים. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תְיַלֵּד אֶת הַנָּכְרִית, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּיַלֶּדֶת בֵּן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אֲבָל נָכְרִית מְיַלֶּדֶת בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תָנִיק בְּנָהּ שֶׁל נָכְרִית, אֲבָל נָכְרִית מְנִיקָה בְנָהּ שֶׁל יִשְׂרְאֵלִית בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ: \n",
+ "מִתְרַפְּאִין מֵהֶן רִפּוּי מָמוֹן, אֲבָל לֹא רִפּוּי נְפָשׁוֹת. וְאֵין מִסְתַּפְּרִין מֵהֶן בְּכָל מָקוֹם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מֻתָּר, אֲבָל לֹא בֵינוֹ לְבֵינוֹ: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. הַיַּיִן, וְהַחֹמֶץ שֶׁל גּוֹיִם שֶׁהָיָה מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ יַיִן, וְחֶרֶס הַדְרִיָּנִי, וְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַקֶּרַע שֶׁלּוֹ עָגוֹל, אָסוּר. מָשׁוּךְ, מֻתָּר. בָּשָׂר הַנִּכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מֻתָּר. וְהַיּוֹצֵא, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְזִבְחֵי מֵתִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הַהוֹלְכִין לַתַּרְפּוּת, אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִמָּהֶם. וְהַבָּאִין, מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "נוֹדוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וְקַנְקַנֵּיהֶן וְיַיִן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּנוּס בָּהֶן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. הַחַרְצַנִּים וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לַחִין, אֲסוּרִין, יְבֵשִׁין, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְיָס וּגְבִינוֹת בֵּית אֻנְיָקִי שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שָׁאַל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי מָה אָסְרוּ גְבִינוֹת הַגּוֹיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבָה שֶׁל נְבֵלָה. אָמַר לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא קֵבַת עוֹלָה חֲמוּרָה מִקֵּבַת נְבֵלָה, וְאָמְרוּ, כֹּהֵן שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ יָפָה, שׂוֹרְפָהּ חַיָּה. וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, אֲבָל אָמְרוּ, אֵין נֶהֱנִין וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין. חָזַר, אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבַת עֶגְלֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה לֹא אֲסָרוּהָ בַהֲנָאָה. הִשִּׂיאוֹ לְדָבָר אַחֵר, אָמַר לוֹ, יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי, הֵיאַךְ אַתָּה קוֹרֵא (שיר השירים א), כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדֶיךָ מִיָּיִן, אוֹ כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין הַדָּבָר כֵּן, שֶׁהֲרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ מְלַמֵּד עָלָיו, לְרֵיחַ שְׁמָנֶיךָ טוֹבִים: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ, וְהַפַּת, וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. וּשְׁלָקוֹת, וּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָתֵת לְתוֹכָן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, וְטָרִית טְרוּפָה, וְצִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דָּגָה כִלְבִּית שׁוֹטֶטֶת בּוֹ, וְהַחִלָּק, וְקֹרֶט שֶׁל חִלְתִּית, וּמֶלַח סַלְקוֹנְטִית, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה. חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְיִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ. וְהַדְּבַשׁ. וְהַדַּבְדָּנִיּוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּנַטְּפִין, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם הֶכְשֵׁר מַשְׁקֶה. וּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּן לָתֵת לְתוֹכָן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ. וְטָרִית שֶׁאֵינָהּ טְרוּפָה. וְצִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ דָּגָה. וְעָלֶה שֶׁל חִלְתִּית. וְזֵיתִים גְּלֻסְקָאוֹת הַמְגֻלְגָּלִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַשְּׁלוּחִין, אֲסוּרִין. הַחֲגָבִים הַבָּאִים מִן הַסְּלוּלָה, אֲסוּרִין. מִן הַהַפְתֵּק, מֻתָּרִין. וְכֵן לִתְרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַצְּלָמִים אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נֶעֱבָדִין פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה, דִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא כָל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ מַקֵּל אוֹ צִפּוֹר אוֹ כַדּוּר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ כָל דָּבָר: ",
+ "הַמּוֹצֵא שִׁבְרֵי צְלָמִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִים. מָצָא תַבְנִית יָד אוֹ תַבְנִית רֶגֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן נֶעֱבָד: ",
+ "הַמּוֹצֵא כֵלִים וַעֲלֵיהֶם צוּרַת חַמָּה, צוּרַת לְבָנָה, צוּרַת דְּרָקוֹן, יוֹלִיכֵם לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, שֶׁעַל הַמְכֻבָּדִין, אֲסוּרִים. שֶׁעַל הַמְבֻזִּין, מֻתָּרִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹחֵק וְזוֹרֶה לָרוּחַ אוֹ מַטִּיל לַיָּם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה זֶבֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יג) וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם: ",
+ "שָׁאַל פְּרוֹקְלוֹס בֶּן פִלוֹסְפוֹס אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּעַכּוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְרוֹדִיטִי, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַתְכֶם, וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם. מִפְּנֵי מָה אַתָּה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְרוֹדִיטִי. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין מְשִׁיבִין בַּמֶּרְחָץ. וּכְשֶׁיָּצָא אָמַר לוֹ, אֲנִי לֹא בָאתִי בִגְבוּלָהּ, הִיא בָאתָה בִגְבוּלִי, אֵין אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה מֶרְחָץ לְאַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה אַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי לַמֶּרְחָץ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִם נוֹתְנִין לְךָ מָמוֹן הַרְבֵּה, אִי אַתָּה נִכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלְּךָ עָרוֹם וּבַעַל קֶרִי וּמַשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, וְזוֹ עוֹמֶדֶת עַל פִּי הַבִּיב וְכָל הָעָם מַשְׁתִּינִין לְפָנֶיהָ. לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. אֶת שֶׁנּוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, אָסוּר. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, מֻתָּר: ",
+ "הַגּוֹיִם הָעוֹבְדִים אֶת הֶהָרִים וְאֶת הַגְּבָעוֹת, הֵן מֻתָּרִין וּמַה שֶּׁעֲלֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) לֹא תַחְמֹד כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עֲלֵיהֶם וְלָקַחְתָּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, (שם יב) אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל הֶהָרִים, וְלֹא הֶהָרִים אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, וְלֹא הַגְּבָעוֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֲשֵׁרָה אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ תְּפִיסַת יָד אָדָם, וְכֹל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ תְּפִיסַת יְדֵי אָדָם אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲנִי אוֹבִין וְאָדוּן לְפָנֶיךָ. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא הַר גָּבוֹהַּ וְגִבְעָה נִשָּׂאָה וְעֵץ רַעֲנָן, דַּע שֶׁיֶּשׁ שָׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: ",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה בֵיתוֹ סָמוּךְ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְנָפַל, אָסוּר לִבְנוֹתוֹ. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, כּוֹנֵס בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וּבוֹנֶה. הָיָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, נִדּוֹן מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה. אֲבָנָיו עֵצָיו וַעֲפָרוֹ, מְטַמְּאִין כַּשֶּׁרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) שַׁקֵּץ תְּשַׁקְּצֶנּוּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כַּנִּדָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ל) תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה, צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ, מַה נִּדָּה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא, אַף עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא: ",
+ "שְׁלשָׁה בָתִּים הֵן. בַּיִת שֶׁבָּנוּי מִתְּחִלָּה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. סִיְּדוֹ וְכִיְּרוֹ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְחִדֵּשׁ, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ. הִכְנִיס לְתוֹכָה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהוֹצִיאָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. שָׁלשׁ אֲבָנִים הֵן. אֶבֶן שֶׁחֲצָבָהּ מִתְּחִלָּה לְבִימוֹס, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. סִיְּדָהּ וְכִיְּרָהּ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְחִדֵּשׁ, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ. הֶעֱמִיד עָלֶיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְסִלְּקָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. שָׁלשׁ אֲשֵׁרוֹת הֵן. אִילָן שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. גִּדְּעוֹ וּפִסְּלוֹ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהֶחֱלִיף, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁהֶחֱלִיף. הֶעֱמִיד תַּחְתֶּיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּבִטְּלָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲשֵׁרָה, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ תַּחְתֶּיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁעוֹבְדִין אוֹתָהּ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאִילָן שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְדִין אוֹתוֹ, וּמָצְאוּ תַחְתָּיו גָּל. אָמַר לָהֶן רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, בִּדְקוּ אֶת הַגַּל הַזֶּה, וּבְדָקוּהוּ וּמָצְאוּ בוֹ צוּרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, הוֹאִיל וְלַצּוּרָה הֵן עוֹבְדִין, נַתִּיר לָהֶן אֶת הָאִילָן: ",
+ "לֹא יֵשֵׁב בְּצִלָּהּ. וְאִם יָשַׁב, טָהוֹר. וְלֹא יַעֲבֹר תַּחְתֶּיהָ. וְאִם עָבַר, טָמֵא. הָיְתָה גוֹזֶלֶת אֶת הָרַבִּים, וְעָבַר תַּחְתֶּיהָ, טָהוֹר. וְזוֹרְעִין תַּחְתֶּיהָ יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה. וְהַחֲזָרִין, לֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנְּמִיָּה נוֹשֶׁרֶת עֲלֵיהֶן וְהֹוָה לָהֶן לְזָבֶל: ",
+ "נָטַל מִמֶּנָּה עֵצִים, אֲסוּרִים בַּהֲנָאָה. הִסִּיק בָּהֶן אֶת הַתַּנּוּר, אִם חָדָשׁ, יֻתַּץ. וְאִם יָשָׁן, יֻצַּן. אָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָה. נִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ הֲנָאָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין פִּדְיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. נָטַל הֵימֶנָּה כַרְכֹּר, אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. אָרַג בּוֹ אֶת הַבֶּגֶד, הַבֶּגֶד אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים וַאֲחֵרִים בַּאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ הֲנָאָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין פִּדְיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ. קִרְסֵם, וְזֵרַד, נָטַל מִמֶּנָּה מַקֵּל אוֹ שַׁרְבִיט, אֲפִלּוּ עָלֶה, הֲרֵי זוֹ בְטֵלָה. שְׁפָיָהּ לְצָרְכָּהּ, אֲסוּרָה. שֶׁלֹּא לְצָרְכָּהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שָׁלשׁ אֲבָנִים זוֹ בְצַד זוֹ בְּצַד מַרְקוּלִיס, אֲסוּרוֹת. וּשְׁתַּיִם, מֻתָּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁנִּרְאוֹת עִמּוֹ, אֲסוּרוֹת. וְשֶׁאֵין נִרְאוֹת עִמּוֹ, מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "מָצָא בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָעוֹת, כְּסוּת אוֹ כֵלִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. פַּרְכִּילֵי עֲנָבִים וַעֲטָרוֹת שֶׁל שִׁבֳּלִים וְיֵינוֹת וּשְׁמָנִים וּסְלָתוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ קָרֵב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ גִנָּה אוֹ מֶרְחָץ, נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה וְאֵין נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן בְּטוֹבָה. הָיָה שֶׁלָּהּ וְשֶׁל אֲחֵרִים, נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן בֵּין בְּטוֹבָה וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁל נָכְרִי, אֲסוּרָה מִיָּד. וְשֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵין אֲסוּרָה עַד שֶׁתֵּעָבֵד. נָכְרִי מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁל נָכְרִי. הַמְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, בִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ. בִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ, מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ מֻתָּרִין וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ, קָטַע רֹאשׁ אָזְנָהּ, רֹאשׁ חָטְמָהּ, רֹאשׁ אֶצְבָּעָהּ, פְּחָסָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא חִסְּרָהּ, בִּטְּלָהּ. רָקַק בְּפָנֶיהָ, הִשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, גְּרָרָהּ, וְזָרַק בָּהּ אֶת הַצּוֹאָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה. מְכָרָהּ אוֹ מִשְׁכְּנָהּ, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, בִּטֵּל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא בִטֵּל: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִנִּיחוּהָ עוֹבְדֶיהָ בִּשְׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, מֻתֶּרֶת. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֲסוּרָה. בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת שֶׁל מְלָכִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַמְּלָכִים עוֹבְרִים: \n",
+ "שָׁאֲלוּ אֶת הַזְּקֵנִים בְּרוֹמִי, אִם אֵין רְצוֹנוֹ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, לָמָה אֵינוֹ מְבַטְּלָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אִלּוּ לְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ לָעוֹלָם בּוֹ הָיוּ עוֹבְדִין, הָיָה מְבַטְּלוֹ. הֲרֵי הֵן עוֹבְדִין לַחַמָּה וְלַלְּבָנָה וְלַכּוֹכָבִים וְלַמַּזָּלוֹת. יְאַבֵּד עוֹלָמוֹ מִפְּנֵי הַשּׁוֹטִים. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אִם כֵּן, יְאַבֵּד דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ לָעוֹלָם בּוֹ וְיַנִּיחַ דָּבָר שֶׁצֹּרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אַף אָנוּ מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְדֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ, שֶׁאוֹמְרִים, תֵּדְעוּ שֶׁהֵן אֱלוֹהוֹת, שֶׁהֲרֵי הֵן לֹא בָטָלוּ: \n",
+ "לוֹקְחִין גַּת בְּעוּטָה מִן הַגּוֹי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל בְּיָדוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לַתַּפּוּחַ. וְאֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה יֵין נֶסֶךְ, עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד לַבּוֹר. יָרַד לַבּוֹר, מַה שֶּׁבַּבּוֹר אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "דּוֹרְכִין עִם הַגּוֹי בַּגַּת, אֲבָל לֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא דוֹרְכִין וְלֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ חָבִיּוֹת לַגַּת, וּמְבִיאִין עִמּוֹ מִן הַגָּת. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא לָשִׁין וְלֹא עוֹרְכִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ פַת לַפַּלְטֵר: \n",
+ "גּוֹי שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, מֻתָּר. נָפַל לַבּוֹר וְעָלָה, וּמְדָדוֹ בַקָּנֶה, הִתִּיז אֶת הַצִּרְעָה בַקָּנֶה אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מְטַפֵּחַ עַל פִּי חָבִית מְרֻתַּחַת, בְּכָל אֵלּוּ הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְאָמְרוּ יִמָּכֵר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. נָטַל אֶת הֶחָבִית וּזְרָקָהּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ לַבּוֹר, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה וְהִכְשִׁירוּ: \n",
+ "הַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ בְּבַיִת הַפָּתוּחַ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, בְּעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ גּוֹיִם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, מֻתָּר. בְּעִיר שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ גּוֹיִם, אָסוּר, עַד שֶׁיּוֹשִׁיב שׁוֹמֵר. וְאֵין הַשּׁוֹמֵר צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, כָּל רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא: \n",
+ "הַמְּטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, וְהַלָּה כוֹתֵב לוֹ, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָעוֹת, מֻתָּר. אֲבָל אִם יִרְצֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת מְעוֹתָיו, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ בְיֵין נֶסֶךְ, שְׂכָרוֹ אָסוּר. שְׂכָרוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ מְלָאכָה אַחֶרֶת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הֲעֲבֵר לִי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, שְׂכָרוֹ מֻתָּר. הַשׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהָבִיא עָלֶיהָ יֵין נֶסֶךְ, שְׂכָרָהּ אָסוּר. שְׂכָרָהּ לֵישֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִנִּיחַ הַגּוֹי לְגִינוֹ עָלֶיהָ, שְׂכָרָהּ מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל עַל גַּבֵּי עֲנָבִים, יְדִיחֵן וְהֵן מֻתָּרוֹת. וְאִם הָיוּ מְבֻקָּעוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. נָפַל עַל גַבֵּי תְאֵנִים אוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְמָרִים, אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבַיְתוֹס בֶּן זוֹנָן שֶׁהֵבִיא גְרוֹגָרוֹת בִּסְפִינָה, וְנִשְׁתַּבְּרָה חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ וְנָפַל עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, וְשָׁאַל לַחֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּם. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁבַּהֲנָאָתוֹ בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר. כֹּל שֶׁאֵין בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, מֻתָּר, כְּגוֹן חֹמֶץ שֶׁנָּפַל עַל גַּבֵּי גְרִיסִין: \n",
+ "נָכְרִי שֶׁהָיָה מַעֲבִיר עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּדֵּי יַיִן מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, אִם הָיָה בְחֶזְקַת הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּר, מֻתָּר. אִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "הַמַּנִּיחַ יֵינוֹ בְקָרוֹן אוֹ בִסְפִינָה וְהָלַךְ לוֹ בְקַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, נִכְנַס לַמְּדִינָה וְרָחַץ, מֻתָּר. אִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב. הַמַּנִּיחַ נָכְרִי בַחֲנוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. וְאִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "הָיָה אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהִנִּיחַ לְגִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וּלְגִינָה עַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, וְהִנִּיחוֹ וְיָצָא, מַה שֶּׁעַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אָסוּר. וּמַה שֶּׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, מֻתָּר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ הֱוֵי מוֹזֵג וְשׁוֹתֶה, אַף שֶׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי אָסוּר. חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "בַּלֶּשֶׁת גּוֹיִם שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לָעִיר בִּשְׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, מֻתָּרוֹת. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין פְּנַאי לְנַסֵּךְ: \n",
+ "אֻמָּנִין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁלַח לָהֶם נָכְרִי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ בִּשְׂכָרָן, מֻתָּרִים לוֹמַר לוֹ תֵּן לָנוּ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ. וְאִם מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסָה לִרְשׁוּתָן, אָסוּר. הַמּוֹכֵר יֵינוֹ לַנָּכְרִי, פָּסַק עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָדַד, דָּמָיו מֻתָּרִין. מָדַד עַד שֶׁלֹּא פָסַק, דָּמָיו אֲסוּרִין. נָטַל אֶת הַמַּשְׁפֵּךְ וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי, וְחָזַר וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ עַכֶּבֶת יַיִן, אָסוּר. הַמְעָרֶה מִכְּלִי אֶל כְּלִי, אֶת שֶׁעֵרָה מִמֶּנּוּ, מֻתָּר. וְאֶת שֶׁעֵרָה לְתוֹכוֹ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ אָסוּר, וְאוֹסֵר בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. יַיִן בְּיַיִן וּמַיִם בְּמַיִם, בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. יַיִן בְּמַיִם וּמַיִם בְּיַיִן, בְּנוֹתֵן טָעַם. זֶה הַכְּלָל, מִין בְּמִינוֹ, בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ. וְשֶׁלֹּא בְמִינוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טָעַם: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין, וְאוֹסְרִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן. יֵין נֶסֶךְ, וַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין, וְשׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, וְעֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, וְצִפֹּרֵי מְצֹרָע, וּשְׂעַר נָזִיר, וּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר, וּבָשָׂר בְּחָלָב, וְשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ, וְחֻלִּין שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטוּ בָעֲזָרָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאוֹסְרִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר, כֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, יִמָּכֵר כֻּלּוֹ לְנָכְרִי, חוּץ מִדְּמֵי יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁבּוֹ: \n",
+ "גַּת שֶׁל אֶבֶן שֶׁזִּפְּתָהּ גּוֹי, מְנַגְּבָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל עֵץ, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, יְנַגֵּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְלֹף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת. וְשֶׁל חֶרֶס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקָּלַף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה: \n",
+ "הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלֵי תַשְׁמִישׁ מִן הַגּוֹי, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַטְבִּיל, יַטְבִּיל. לְהַגְעִיל, יַגְעִיל. לְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר, יְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר. הַשַּׁפּוּד וְהָאַסְכְּלָה, מְלַבְּנָן בָּאוּר. הַסַּכִּין, שָׁפָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e2e8fb7abe573c7aaf246e1e7ab40a7c860c0a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Avodah Zarah/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Avodah Zarah",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Avodah_Zarah",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "לִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁל גּוֹיִם שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִמָּהֶן, לְהַשְׁאִילָן וְלִשְׁאֹל מֵהֶן, לְהַלְוֹתָן וְלִלְוֹת מֵהֶן, לְפָרְעָן וְלִפָּרַע מֵהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נִפְרָעִין מֵהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֵצֵר לוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּצֵר הוּא עַכְשָׁיו, שָׂמֵחַ הוּא לְאַחַר זְמָן: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים לִפְנֵיהֶם וּשְׁלשָׁה יָמִים לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, אָסוּר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לִפְנֵי אֵידֵיהֶן אָסוּר, לְאַחַר אֵידֵיהֶן מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "וְאֵלּוּ אֵידֵיהֶן שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, קָלֶנְדָּא, וּסְטַרְנוּרָא, וּקְרָטֵסִים, וְיוֹם גְּנֻסְיָא שֶׁל מְלָכִים, וְיוֹם הַלֵּידָה, וְיוֹם הַמִּיתָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל מִיתָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ שְׂרֵפָה, יֶשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שְׂרֵפָה, אֵין בָּה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. יוֹם תִּגְלַחַת זְקָנוֹ וּבְלוֹרִיתוֹ, יוֹם שֶׁעָלָה בוֹ מִן הַיָּם, וְיוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא בוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים, וְגוֹי שֶׁעָשָׂה מִשְׁתֶּה לִבְנוֹ, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם וְאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "עִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, חוּצָה לָהּ מֻתָּר. הָיָה חוּצָה לָהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, תּוֹכָהּ מֻתָּר. מַהוּ לֵילֵךְ לְשָׁם. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ מְיֻחֶדֶת לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם, אָסוּר. וְאִם הָיָה יָכוֹל לְהַלֵּךְ בָּהּ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, מֻתָּר. עִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהָיוּ בָהּ חֲנֻיּוֹת מְעֻטָּרוֹת וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, הַמְעֻטָּרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְעֻטָּרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים אֲסוּרִים לִמְכֹּר לְגוֹיִם, אִצְטְרוֹבָּלִין, וּבְנוֹת שׁוּחַ וּפְטוֹטְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וּלְבוֹנָה, וְתַרְנְגוֹל הַלָּבָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֻתָּר לִמְכּוֹר לוֹ תַּרְנְגוֹל לָבָן בֵּין הַתַּרְנְגוֹלִין. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, קוֹטֵעַ אֶת אֶצְבָּעוֹ וּמוֹכְרוֹ לוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מַקְרִיבִין חָסֵר לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים, סְתָמָן מֻתָּר, וּפֵרוּשָׁן אָסוּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף דֶּקֶל טָב וַחֲצָב וְנִקְלִיבָם אָסוּר לִמְכֹּר לְגוֹיִם: \n",
+ "מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִמְכֹּר בְּהֵמָה דַקָּה לְגוֹיִם, מוֹכְרִין. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר, אֵין מוֹכְרִין. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, עֲגָלִים וּסְיָחִים, שְׁלֵמִים וּשְׁבוּרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בִּשְׁבוּרָה. וּבֶן בְּתֵירָה מַתִּיר בְּסוּס: \n",
+ "אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם דֻּבִּין וַאֲרָיוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נֵזֶק לָרַבִּים. אֵין בּוֹנִין עִמָּהֶם בָּסִילְקִי, גַּרְדּוֹם, וְאִצְטַדְיָא, וּבִימָה. אֲבָל בּוֹנִים עִמָּהֶם בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת וּבֵית מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת. הִגִּיעוּ לַכִּפָּה שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אָסוּר לִבְנוֹת: \n",
+ "וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין תַּכְשִׁיטִין לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, קֻטְלָאוֹת וּנְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּשָׂכָר מֻתָּר. אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, אֲבָל מוֹכֵר הוּא מִשֶּׁיִּקָּצֵץ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מוֹכֵר הוּא לוֹ עַל מְנָת לָקוֹץ. אֵין מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שָׂדוֹת. וּבְסוּרְיָא מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים, אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת. וּבְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מַשְׂכִּירִין לָהֶם בָּתִּים, אֲבָל לֹא שָׂדוֹת. וּבְסוּרְיָא מוֹכְרִין בָּתִּים וּמַשְׂכִּירִין שָׂדוֹת. וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ מוֹכְרִין אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "אַף בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַשְׂכִּיר, לֹא לְבֵית דִּירָה אָמְרוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַכְנִיס לְתוֹכוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) וְלֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה אֶל בֵּיתֶךָ. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם לֹא יַשְׂכִּיר לוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נִקְרָא עַל שְׁמוֹ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵין מַעֲמִידִין בְּהֵמָה בְּפֻנְדְּקָאוֹת שֶׁל גּוֹיִם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל הָרְבִיעָה. וְלֹא תִתְיַחֵד אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת. וְלֹא יִתְיַחֵד אָדָם עִמָּהֶן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִין עַל שְׁפִיכַת דָּמִים. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תְיַלֵּד אֶת הַנָּכְרִית, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּיַלֶּדֶת בֵּן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אֲבָל נָכְרִית מְיַלֶּדֶת בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תָנִיק בְּנָהּ שֶׁל נָכְרִית, אֲבָל נָכְרִית מְנִיקָה בְנָהּ שֶׁל יִשְׂרְאֵלִית בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ: \n",
+ "מִתְרַפְּאִין מֵהֶן רִפּוּי מָמוֹן, אֲבָל לֹא רִפּוּי נְפָשׁוֹת. וְאֵין מִסְתַּפְּרִין מֵהֶן בְּכָל מָקוֹם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מֻתָּר, אֲבָל לֹא בֵינוֹ לְבֵינוֹ: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. הַיַּיִן, וְהַחֹמֶץ שֶׁל גּוֹיִם שֶׁהָיָה מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ יַיִן, וְחֶרֶס הַדְרִיָּנִי, וְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַקֶּרַע שֶׁלּוֹ עָגוֹל, אָסוּר. מָשׁוּךְ, מֻתָּר. בָּשָׂר הַנִּכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מֻתָּר. וְהַיּוֹצֵא, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְזִבְחֵי מֵתִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הַהוֹלְכִין לַתַּרְפּוּת, אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִמָּהֶם. וְהַבָּאִין, מֻתָּרִין: \n",
+ "נוֹדוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וְקַנְקַנֵּיהֶן וְיַיִן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּנוּס בָּהֶן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. הַחַרְצַנִּים וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לַחִין, אֲסוּרִין, יְבֵשִׁין, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְיָס וּגְבִינוֹת בֵּית אֻנְיָקִי שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין, וְאִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שָׁאַל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי מָה אָסְרוּ גְבִינוֹת הַגּוֹיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבָה שֶׁל נְבֵלָה. אָמַר לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא קֵבַת עוֹלָה חֲמוּרָה מִקֵּבַת נְבֵלָה, וְאָמְרוּ, כֹּהֵן שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ יָפָה, שׂוֹרְפָהּ חַיָּה. וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, אֲבָל אָמְרוּ, אֵין נֶהֱנִין וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין. חָזַר, אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבַת עֶגְלֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה לֹא אֲסָרוּהָ בַהֲנָאָה. הִשִּׂיאוֹ לְדָבָר אַחֵר, אָמַר לוֹ, יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי, הֵיאַךְ אַתָּה קוֹרֵא (שיר השירים א), כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדֶיךָ מִיָּיִן, אוֹ כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין הַדָּבָר כֵּן, שֶׁהֲרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ מְלַמֵּד עָלָיו, לְרֵיחַ שְׁמָנֶיךָ טוֹבִים: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ, וְהַפַּת, וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. וּשְׁלָקוֹת, וּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָתֵת לְתוֹכָן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, וְטָרִית טְרוּפָה, וְצִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דָּגָה כִלְבִּית שׁוֹטֶטֶת בּוֹ, וְהַחִלָּק, וְקֹרֶט שֶׁל חִלְתִּית, וּמֶלַח סַלְקוֹנְטִית, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה. חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְיִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ. וְהַדְּבַשׁ. וְהַדַּבְדָּנִיּוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּנַטְּפִין, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם הֶכְשֵׁר מַשְׁקֶה. וּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּן לָתֵת לְתוֹכָן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ. וְטָרִית שֶׁאֵינָהּ טְרוּפָה. וְצִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ דָּגָה. וְעָלֶה שֶׁל חִלְתִּית. וְזֵיתִים גְּלֻסְקָאוֹת הַמְגֻלְגָּלִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַשְּׁלוּחִין, אֲסוּרִין. הַחֲגָבִים הַבָּאִים מִן הַסְּלוּלָה, אֲסוּרִין. מִן הַהַפְתֵּק, מֻתָּרִין. וְכֵן לִתְרוּמָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַצְּלָמִים אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נֶעֱבָדִין פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה, דִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא כָל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ מַקֵּל אוֹ צִפּוֹר אוֹ כַדּוּר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ כָל דָּבָר: ",
+ "הַמּוֹצֵא שִׁבְרֵי צְלָמִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִים. מָצָא תַבְנִית יָד אוֹ תַבְנִית רֶגֶל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן נֶעֱבָד: ",
+ "הַמּוֹצֵא כֵלִים וַעֲלֵיהֶם צוּרַת חַמָּה, צוּרַת לְבָנָה, צוּרַת דְּרָקוֹן, יוֹלִיכֵם לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, שֶׁעַל הַמְכֻבָּדִין, אֲסוּרִים. שֶׁעַל הַמְבֻזִּין, מֻתָּרִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹחֵק וְזוֹרֶה לָרוּחַ אוֹ מַטִּיל לַיָּם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה זֶבֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יג) וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם: ",
+ "שָׁאַל פְּרוֹקְלוֹס בֶּן פִלוֹסְפוֹס אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּעַכּוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְרוֹדִיטִי, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרַתְכֶם, וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם. מִפְּנֵי מָה אַתָּה רוֹחֵץ בַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁל אַפְרוֹדִיטִי. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין מְשִׁיבִין בַּמֶּרְחָץ. וּכְשֶׁיָּצָא אָמַר לוֹ, אֲנִי לֹא בָאתִי בִגְבוּלָהּ, הִיא בָאתָה בִגְבוּלִי, אֵין אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה מֶרְחָץ לְאַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים, נַעֲשֶׂה אַפְרוֹדִיטִי נוֹי לַמֶּרְחָץ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִם נוֹתְנִין לְךָ מָמוֹן הַרְבֵּה, אִי אַתָּה נִכְנָס לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלְּךָ עָרוֹם וּבַעַל קֶרִי וּמַשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, וְזוֹ עוֹמֶדֶת עַל פִּי הַבִּיב וְכָל הָעָם מַשְׁתִּינִין לְפָנֶיהָ. לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. אֶת שֶׁנּוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, אָסוּר. וְאֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אֱלוֹהַּ, מֻתָּר: ",
+ "הַגּוֹיִם הָעוֹבְדִים אֶת הֶהָרִים וְאֶת הַגְּבָעוֹת, הֵן מֻתָּרִין וּמַה שֶּׁעֲלֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) לֹא תַחְמֹד כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עֲלֵיהֶם וְלָקַחְתָּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, (שם יב) אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל הֶהָרִים, וְלֹא הֶהָרִים אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. אֱלֹהֵיהֶם עַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, וְלֹא הַגְּבָעוֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֲשֵׁרָה אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ תְּפִיסַת יָד אָדָם, וְכֹל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ תְּפִיסַת יְדֵי אָדָם אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אֲנִי אוֹבִין וְאָדוּן לְפָנֶיךָ. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא הַר גָּבוֹהַּ וְגִבְעָה נִשָּׂאָה וְעֵץ רַעֲנָן, דַּע שֶׁיֶּשׁ שָׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: ",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיָה בֵיתוֹ סָמוּךְ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְנָפַל, אָסוּר לִבְנוֹתוֹ. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, כּוֹנֵס בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וּבוֹנֶה. הָיָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, נִדּוֹן מֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה. אֲבָנָיו עֵצָיו וַעֲפָרוֹ, מְטַמְּאִין כַּשֶּׁרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז) שַׁקֵּץ תְּשַׁקְּצֶנּוּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כַּנִּדָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ל) תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה, צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ, מַה נִּדָּה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא, אַף עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא: ",
+ "שְׁלשָׁה בָתִּים הֵן. בַּיִת שֶׁבָּנוּי מִתְּחִלָּה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. סִיְּדוֹ וְכִיְּרוֹ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְחִדֵּשׁ, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ. הִכְנִיס לְתוֹכָה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהוֹצִיאָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. שָׁלשׁ אֲבָנִים הֵן. אֶבֶן שֶׁחֲצָבָהּ מִתְּחִלָּה לְבִימוֹס, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. סִיְּדָהּ וְכִיְּרָהּ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְחִדֵּשׁ, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁחִדֵּשׁ. הֶעֱמִיד עָלֶיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְסִלְּקָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת. שָׁלשׁ אֲשֵׁרוֹת הֵן. אִילָן שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר. גִּדְּעוֹ וּפִסְּלוֹ לְשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהֶחֱלִיף, נוֹטֵל מַה שֶּׁהֶחֱלִיף. הֶעֱמִיד תַּחְתֶּיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּבִטְּלָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲשֵׁרָה, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ תַּחְתֶּיהָ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁעוֹבְדִין אוֹתָהּ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְצַיְדָּן בְּאִילָן שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְדִין אוֹתוֹ, וּמָצְאוּ תַחְתָּיו גָּל. אָמַר לָהֶן רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, בִּדְקוּ אֶת הַגַּל הַזֶּה, וּבְדָקוּהוּ וּמָצְאוּ בוֹ צוּרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, הוֹאִיל וְלַצּוּרָה הֵן עוֹבְדִין, נַתִּיר לָהֶן אֶת הָאִילָן: ",
+ "לֹא יֵשֵׁב בְּצִלָּהּ. וְאִם יָשַׁב, טָהוֹר. וְלֹא יַעֲבֹר תַּחְתֶּיהָ. וְאִם עָבַר, טָמֵא. הָיְתָה גוֹזֶלֶת אֶת הָרַבִּים, וְעָבַר תַּחְתֶּיהָ, טָהוֹר. וְזוֹרְעִין תַּחְתֶּיהָ יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה. וְהַחֲזָרִין, לֹא בִימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא יְרָקוֹת בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנְּמִיָּה נוֹשֶׁרֶת עֲלֵיהֶן וְהֹוָה לָהֶן לְזָבֶל: ",
+ "נָטַל מִמֶּנָּה עֵצִים, אֲסוּרִים בַּהֲנָאָה. הִסִּיק בָּהֶן אֶת הַתַּנּוּר, אִם חָדָשׁ, יֻתַּץ. וְאִם יָשָׁן, יֻצַּן. אָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָה. נִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ הֲנָאָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין פִּדְיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. נָטַל הֵימֶנָּה כַרְכֹּר, אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. אָרַג בּוֹ אֶת הַבֶּגֶד, הַבֶּגֶד אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים וַאֲחֵרִים בַּאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ הֲנָאָה לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין פִּדְיוֹן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: ",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ. קִרְסֵם, וְזֵרַד, נָטַל מִמֶּנָּה מַקֵּל אוֹ שַׁרְבִיט, אֲפִלּוּ עָלֶה, הֲרֵי זוֹ בְטֵלָה. שְׁפָיָהּ לְצָרְכָּהּ, אֲסוּרָה. שֶׁלֹּא לְצָרְכָּהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שָׁלשׁ אֲבָנִים זוֹ בְצַד זוֹ בְּצַד מַרְקוּלִיס, אֲסוּרוֹת. וּשְׁתַּיִם, מֻתָּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁנִּרְאוֹת עִמּוֹ, אֲסוּרוֹת. וְשֶׁאֵין נִרְאוֹת עִמּוֹ, מֻתָּרוֹת: \n",
+ "מָצָא בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָעוֹת, כְּסוּת אוֹ כֵלִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין. פַּרְכִּילֵי עֲנָבִים וַעֲטָרוֹת שֶׁל שִׁבֳּלִים וְיֵינוֹת וּשְׁמָנִים וּסְלָתוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ קָרֵב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ גִנָּה אוֹ מֶרְחָץ, נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה וְאֵין נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן בְּטוֹבָה. הָיָה שֶׁלָּהּ וְשֶׁל אֲחֵרִים, נֶהֱנִין מֵהֶן בֵּין בְּטוֹבָה וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁל נָכְרִי, אֲסוּרָה מִיָּד. וְשֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵין אֲסוּרָה עַד שֶׁתֵּעָבֵד. נָכְרִי מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁל נָכְרִי. הַמְבַטֵּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, בִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ. בִּטֵּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ, מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ מֻתָּרִין וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְבַטְּלָהּ, קָטַע רֹאשׁ אָזְנָהּ, רֹאשׁ חָטְמָהּ, רֹאשׁ אֶצְבָּעָהּ, פְּחָסָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא חִסְּרָהּ, בִּטְּלָהּ. רָקַק בְּפָנֶיהָ, הִשְׁתִּין בְּפָנֶיהָ, גְּרָרָהּ, וְזָרַק בָּהּ אֶת הַצּוֹאָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה. מְכָרָהּ אוֹ מִשְׁכְּנָהּ, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, בִּטֵּל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא בִטֵּל: \n",
+ "עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִנִּיחוּהָ עוֹבְדֶיהָ בִּשְׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, מֻתֶּרֶת. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֲסוּרָה. בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת שֶׁל מְלָכִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַמְּלָכִים עוֹבְרִים: \n",
+ "שָׁאֲלוּ אֶת הַזְּקֵנִים בְּרוֹמִי, אִם אֵין רְצוֹנוֹ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, לָמָה אֵינוֹ מְבַטְּלָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אִלּוּ לְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ לָעוֹלָם בּוֹ הָיוּ עוֹבְדִין, הָיָה מְבַטְּלוֹ. הֲרֵי הֵן עוֹבְדִין לַחַמָּה וְלַלְּבָנָה וְלַכּוֹכָבִים וְלַמַּזָּלוֹת. יְאַבֵּד עוֹלָמוֹ מִפְּנֵי הַשּׁוֹטִים. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אִם כֵּן, יְאַבֵּד דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין צֹרֶךְ לָעוֹלָם בּוֹ וְיַנִּיחַ דָּבָר שֶׁצֹּרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן, אַף אָנוּ מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְדֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ, שֶׁאוֹמְרִים, תֵּדְעוּ שֶׁהֵן אֱלוֹהוֹת, שֶׁהֲרֵי הֵן לֹא בָטָלוּ: \n",
+ "לוֹקְחִין גַּת בְּעוּטָה מִן הַגּוֹי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל בְּיָדוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לַתַּפּוּחַ. וְאֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה יֵין נֶסֶךְ, עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד לַבּוֹר. יָרַד לַבּוֹר, מַה שֶּׁבַּבּוֹר אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "דּוֹרְכִין עִם הַגּוֹי בַּגַּת, אֲבָל לֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא דוֹרְכִין וְלֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ חָבִיּוֹת לַגַּת, וּמְבִיאִין עִמּוֹ מִן הַגָּת. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא לָשִׁין וְלֹא עוֹרְכִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ פַת לַפַּלְטֵר: \n",
+ "גּוֹי שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, מֻתָּר. נָפַל לַבּוֹר וְעָלָה, וּמְדָדוֹ בַקָּנֶה, הִתִּיז אֶת הַצִּרְעָה בַקָּנֶה אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מְטַפֵּחַ עַל פִּי חָבִית מְרֻתַּחַת, בְּכָל אֵלּוּ הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְאָמְרוּ יִמָּכֵר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. נָטַל אֶת הֶחָבִית וּזְרָקָהּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ לַבּוֹר, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה וְהִכְשִׁירוּ: \n",
+ "הַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ בְּבַיִת הַפָּתוּחַ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, בְּעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ גּוֹיִם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, מֻתָּר. בְּעִיר שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ גּוֹיִם, אָסוּר, עַד שֶׁיּוֹשִׁיב שׁוֹמֵר. וְאֵין הַשּׁוֹמֵר צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, כָּל רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא: \n",
+ "הַמְּטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, וְהַלָּה כוֹתֵב לוֹ, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָעוֹת, מֻתָּר. אֲבָל אִם יִרְצֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת מְעוֹתָיו, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ בְיֵין נֶסֶךְ, שְׂכָרוֹ אָסוּר. שְׂכָרוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ מְלָאכָה אַחֶרֶת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הֲעֲבֵר לִי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, שְׂכָרוֹ מֻתָּר. הַשׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהָבִיא עָלֶיהָ יֵין נֶסֶךְ, שְׂכָרָהּ אָסוּר. שְׂכָרָהּ לֵישֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִנִּיחַ הַגּוֹי לְגִינוֹ עָלֶיהָ, שְׂכָרָהּ מֻתָּר: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל עַל גַּבֵּי עֲנָבִים, יְדִיחֵן וְהֵן מֻתָּרוֹת. וְאִם הָיוּ מְבֻקָּעוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. נָפַל עַל גַבֵּי תְאֵנִים אוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְמָרִים, אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּבַיְתוֹס בֶּן זוֹנָן שֶׁהֵבִיא גְרוֹגָרוֹת בִּסְפִינָה, וְנִשְׁתַּבְּרָה חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ וְנָפַל עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, וְשָׁאַל לַחֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּם. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁבַּהֲנָאָתוֹ בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אָסוּר. כֹּל שֶׁאֵין בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, מֻתָּר, כְּגוֹן חֹמֶץ שֶׁנָּפַל עַל גַּבֵּי גְרִיסִין: \n",
+ "נָכְרִי שֶׁהָיָה מַעֲבִיר עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּדֵּי יַיִן מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, אִם הָיָה בְחֶזְקַת הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּר, מֻתָּר. אִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "הַמַּנִּיחַ יֵינוֹ בְקָרוֹן אוֹ בִסְפִינָה וְהָלַךְ לוֹ בְקַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, נִכְנַס לַמְּדִינָה וְרָחַץ, מֻתָּר. אִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב. הַמַּנִּיחַ נָכְרִי בַחֲנוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. וְאִם הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁהוּא מַפְלִיג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִשְׁתֹּם וְיִסְתֹּם וְיִגֹּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "הָיָה אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהִנִּיחַ לְגִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וּלְגִינָה עַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, וְהִנִּיחוֹ וְיָצָא, מַה שֶּׁעַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אָסוּר. וּמַה שֶּׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, מֻתָּר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ הֱוֵי מוֹזֵג וְשׁוֹתֶה, אַף שֶׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי אָסוּר. חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n",
+ "בַּלֶּשֶׁת גּוֹיִם שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לָעִיר בִּשְׁעַת שָׁלוֹם, חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, מֻתָּרוֹת. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מֻתָּרוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין פְּנַאי לְנַסֵּךְ: \n",
+ "אֻמָּנִין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁלַח לָהֶם נָכְרִי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין נֶסֶךְ בִּשְׂכָרָן, מֻתָּרִים לוֹמַר לוֹ תֵּן לָנוּ אֶת דָּמֶיהָ. וְאִם מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסָה לִרְשׁוּתָן, אָסוּר. הַמּוֹכֵר יֵינוֹ לַנָּכְרִי, פָּסַק עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָדַד, דָּמָיו מֻתָּרִין. מָדַד עַד שֶׁלֹּא פָסַק, דָּמָיו אֲסוּרִין. נָטַל אֶת הַמַּשְׁפֵּךְ וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי, וְחָזַר וּמָדַד לְתוֹךְ צְלוֹחִיתוֹ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ עַכֶּבֶת יַיִן, אָסוּר. הַמְעָרֶה מִכְּלִי אֶל כְּלִי, אֶת שֶׁעֵרָה מִמֶּנּוּ, מֻתָּר. וְאֶת שֶׁעֵרָה לְתוֹכוֹ, אָסוּר: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ אָסוּר, וְאוֹסֵר בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. יַיִן בְּיַיִן וּמַיִם בְּמַיִם, בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. יַיִן בְּמַיִם וּמַיִם בְּיַיִן, בְּנוֹתֵן טָעַם. זֶה הַכְּלָל, מִין בְּמִינוֹ, בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ. וְשֶׁלֹּא בְמִינוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טָעַם: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין, וְאוֹסְרִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן. יֵין נֶסֶךְ, וַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְעוֹרוֹת לְבוּבִין, וְשׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, וְעֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, וְצִפֹּרֵי מְצֹרָע, וּשְׂעַר נָזִיר, וּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר, וּבָשָׂר בְּחָלָב, וְשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ, וְחֻלִּין שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטוּ בָעֲזָרָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאוֹסְרִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר, כֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, יִמָּכֵר כֻּלּוֹ לְנָכְרִי, חוּץ מִדְּמֵי יֵין נֶסֶךְ שֶׁבּוֹ: \n",
+ "גַּת שֶׁל אֶבֶן שֶׁזִּפְּתָהּ גּוֹי, מְנַגְּבָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל עֵץ, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, יְנַגֵּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְלֹף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת. וְשֶׁל חֶרֶס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקָּלַף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה: \n",
+ "הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלֵי תַשְׁמִישׁ מִן הַגּוֹי, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַטְבִּיל, יַטְבִּיל. לְהַגְעִיל, יַגְעִיל. לְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר, יְלַבֵּן בָּאוּר. הַשַּׁפּוּד וְהָאַסְכְּלָה, מְלַבְּנָן בָּאוּר. הַסַּכִּין, שָׁפָהּ וְהִיא טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה עבודה זרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..215757ff5d96ec3049431853558b5a3a15974c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Schammai sagt: Bei allen Frauen genügt es, (dass sie) zu ihrer Zeit (für unrein gelten), Hillel sagt: (Sie gelten für unrein) rückwärts die Zeit vom (letzten) Untersuchen bis zum (vorletzten) Untersuchen, wenn auch viele Tage dazwischen waren. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nicht wie die Worte Dieses und nicht wie die Worte Jenes; sondern sie gilt für unrein rückwärts eine Zeit von vierundzwanzig Stunden, wenn diese weniger ist als die Zeit vom letzten bis zum vorletzten Untersuchen; sie gilt dagegen für unrein die Zeit vom letzten bis zum vorletzten Untersuchen, wenn diese kürzer ist als vierundzwanzig Stunden. Bei jeder Frau, welche eine regelmäßige Periode hat, genügt es, (dass sie) zu ihrer Zeit (für unrein gilt). Bei Einer, weiche unter Anwendung von Tüchern den ehelichen Umgang gepflegt hat, gilt dies wie eine Untersuchung, so dass es die Zeit von vierundzwanzig Stunden sowohl, als die von der letzten bis zur vorletzten Untersuchung vermindert.",
+ "Schammai sagt: (Ein Teig) aus einem Kab (Mehl) unterliegt der Challa -Pflicht. Hillel sagt: (Erst einer) aus zwei Kab. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nicht wie die Worte Dieses und nicht wie die Worte Jenes, sondern anderthalb Kab unterliegen der Challa-Pflicht. Als die Maaße größer geworden, sagte man: Fünf Viertel unterliegen dieser Pflicht. R. Jose sagt: Bei fünf ist man frei, erst bei fünf und noch (etwas dazu) ist man verpflichtet.",
+ "Hillel sagt: Ein Hin -Maaß geschöpften Wassers macht eine Wassersammlung (zum Tauchbade) ungeeignet Nur (deshalb wird dieser Ausdruck gebraucht), weil man verpflichtet ist, (die Tradition) mit dem Ausdruck seines Lehrers mitzuteilen. Schammai sagt: Neun Kab. Die Weisen aber sagten weder wie die Worte Dieses noch wie die Worte Jenes, bis zwei Weber vom Misttore zu Jerusalem kamen und im Namen Schemaja’s und Abtaljon’s bezeugten, dass drei Log geschöpften Wassers die Wassersammlung ungeeignet machen, da bestätigen die Weisen deren Aussage.",
+ "Warum erwähnt man die Worte Schammai’s und Hillel’s, um sie aufzuheben? Um die kommenden Geschlechter zu belehren, dass Niemand auf seiner Meinung beharren solle, da doch die größten Lehrer nicht auf ihrer Meinung beharrten.",
+ "Und warum erwähnt man die Ansicht eines Einzelnen gegen die der Mehrheit, da doch die Halacha nur nach den Worten der Mehrheit entschieden wird? Damit, wenn einem Gerichte die Ansicht des Einzelnen einleuchtet, es sich darauf stützen könne, da ein Gericht nicht die Worte eines andern Gerichtes aufheben kann, es sei denn, dass es jenes an Weisheit und Anzahl übertrifft. Übertrifft es jenes an Weisheit, aber nicht an Zahl, oder an Zahl und nicht an Weisheit, so kann es dessen Worte nicht aufheben, sondern nur, wenn es dasselbe an Weisheit und Anzahl übertrifft.",
+ "Es sagt R. Jehuda: Wenn dem so ist, warum erwähnt man die Ansicht eines Einzelnen gegen die der Mehrheit, um jene aufzuheben? Damit wenn Jemand sagt: „So ist mir überliefert worden !“ man ihm sagen könne: „Du hast (deine Überlieferung) wie die Ansicht jenes (Einzelnen) vernommen.“",
+ "Beth-Schammai sagen: Ein viertel Kab Gebein von (beliebigen) Gebeinen, selbst von zweien (Toten) oder von dreien, (verunreinigt im Zelte. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Ein viertel Kab Gebein vom Körper vom größten Teil des Baues, oder vom größten Teil der Zahl. Schammai sagt: Selbst von Einem Knochen.",
+ "Wicken von Teruma darf man nach Bet-Schammai nur in Reinheit weichen und reiben, aber (auch) in Unreinheit (dem Viehe) zu essen geben. Bet-Hillel sagen: Man darf sie nur in Reinheit weichen, aber (auch in Unreinheit reiben oder (dem Viehe) zu essen geben. Schammai sagt: Sie sollen trocken gegessen werden. R. Akiba sagt: Man darf Alles damit in Unreinheit verrichten.",
+ "Wenn Jemand vom Gelde des zweiten Zehnts einen Sela‘ wechseln will, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er muss für den ganzen Sela‘ Kupfergeld geben. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Er kann für einen Schekel Silber und für einen Schekel Kupfergeld geben. R. Meïr sagt: Man darf nicht Silber und Früchte (zusammen) durch (anderes) Silber auslösen. Die Weisen aber erlauben dies.",
+ "Wenn Jemand einen Sela‘ vom zweiten Zehnt in Jerusalem umwechseln will, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er muss für den ganzen Sela‘ Kupfergeld nehmen. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Er kann einen Schekel Silber und für einen Schekel Kupfergeld nehmen. Die vor den Weisen Richtenden sagen: Drei Denar Silber und für Einen Denar Kupfergeld. R. Akiba sagt: Drei Denar Silber, und vom vierten ein Viertel in Kupfergeld . R. Tarphon sagt: Vier Aspern Silber Schammai sagt: Man soll ihn in einen Laden niederlegen und ihn (nach und nach) aufzehren.",
+ "Den Sessel einer Braut, dessen Sitz weggenommen ist, erklären Bet-Schammai für verunreinigungsfähig; Bet Hillel aber erklären ihn für rein. Schammai sagt: Auch das Untergestell eines Stuhles ist verunreinigungsfähig. Einen Stuhl, den man in einen Backtrog eingesetzt hat, erklären Bet-Schammai für verunreinigungsfähig; Bet-Hillel aber erklären ihn für rein. Schammai sagt: Auch der am Backtrog selbst angebrachte (Stuhl ist verunreinigungsfähig).",
+ "In folgenden Dingen haben Bet-Hillel ihre Ansicht widerrufen, um wie Bet-Schammai zu entscheiden: Wenn eine Frau aus fernem Lande kommt und sagt: „mein Mann ist gestorben“, so darf sie wieder heiraten; (ebenso wenn sie sagt:) „mein Mann ist (ohne Nachkommen zu hinterlassen) gestorben“, so darf sie in die Leviratsehe treten. Dies die Worte von Bet-Schammai. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Wir haben (diese Lehre) nur gehört für den Fall, dass sie von der Ernte kommt. Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Es ist einerlei, ob sie von der Ernte, von der Olivenlese oder aus fernem Lande kommt; man sagte nur deshalb: „von der Ernte“, weil der Fall sich so zutrug. Darauf haben Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai entschieden. — Bet-Schammai sagen: Diese Frau kann heiraten und erhält ihre Ketuba. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Sie kann heiraten, aber ihre Ketuba erhält sie nicht. Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Ihr erlaubet Betreffs des schweren Eheverbots, und gestattet nicht die leichtere Geldsache! Da sagten Bet-Hillel zu ihnen: Wir finden, dass die Brüder auf ihre bloße Aussage hin nicht die Erbschaft antreten können. Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Wir können es ja aus ihrer Ketuba-Urkunde lernen; denn er verschreibt ihr: „Falls du einen Anderen heiratest, empfängst du, was dir verschrieben ist“. Darauf haben Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai entschieden.",
+ "Wer halb Sklave und halb Freier ist, soll Einen Tag für seinen Herrn und Einen Tag für sich selbst arbeiten. So nach Bet-Hillel. Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Ihr habt für seinen Herrn gesorgt, aber für ihn selbst habt ihr nicht gesorgt; er kann weder eine Sklavin noch eine Freie heiraten. Soll er ledig bleiben? Die Welt ist ja nur zur Fortpflanzung geschaffen worden, wie es heißt (Jes. 45, 18): „Nicht zur Wüste schuf er sie, sondern zum Bewohnen bildete er sie!“ Vielmehr zwingt man des allgemeinen Wohles wegen seinen Herrn, ihn gänzlich frei zu lassen, und er schreibt ihm einen Schuldschein auf die Hälfte seines Wertes. Darauf haben Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai entschieden.",
+ "Ein irdenes Gerät kann Alles (vor Verunreinigung) bewahren; so nach Bet-Hillel. Bet-Schammai aber sagen: Es bewahrt nur Speisen, Getränke und irdene Geräte. Da sagten Bet-Hillel zu ihnen: Weswegen? Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Weil es beim Am-ha-Arez als unrein zu betrachten ist und ein unreines Gerät nicht als Scheidendes dienen kann. Da sagten Bet-Hillel zu ihnen: Ihr habt doch die darin befindlichen Speisen und Getränke für rein erklärt! Da sagten Bet-Schammai zu ihnen: Wenn wir die darin befindlichen Speisen und Getränke für rein erklärt haben, so haben wir sie nur für ihn selbst für rein erklärt; aber wenn du das Gerät für rein erklärtest, da würdest du es für dich und für ihn für rein erklären. Darauf haben Bet-Hillel wieder wie Bet-Schammai entschieden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Chanina, Vorsteher der Priester, bezeugte vier Lehren: Niemals haben die Priester Bedenken getragen, Fleisch, welches durch eine erzeugte Unreinheit verunreinigt worden ist, zusammen zu verbrennen mit Fleisch, welches durch einen Unreinheits-Erzeuger verunreinigt worden ist, obwohl sie (dadurch) Unreinheit zu seiner Unreinheit hinzufügen. R. Akiba setzte hinzu: Niemals haben die Priester Bedenken getragen, Öl, das durch einen Tebul-Jom unbrauchbar geworden ist, in einer Lampe zu verbrennen, die durch einen an einem Toten Verunreinigten unrein geworden ist, obwohl sie (dadurch) Unreinheit zu seiner Unreinheit hinzufügen",
+ "Es sagt R. Chanina, Vorsteher der Priester (ferner): Meine Lebtage habe ich nicht gesellen, dass die Haut zur Brandstätte hinausgeführt wurde. Es sagt R. Akiba: Aus seinen Worten lernen wir, dass, wenn man dem erstgeborenen Viehe die Haut abgezogen und es (hernach) trepha befunden wird, die Priester die Haut benutzen dürfen. Die Weisen aber sagen: (Der Ausspruch:) „Wir haben nicht gesehen!“ ist kein Beweis; die Haut muss vielmehr zur Brandstätte hinausgeführt werden.",
+ "Derselbe bezeugte ferner: In einem kleinen Dorfe bei Jerusalem war ein Greis, der allen Dorfbewohnern (Geld) lieh und (den Schuldschein) mit eigener Hand schrieb und von Andern unterzeichnen ließ, und als diese Sache vor die Weisen kam, erklärten sie es für erlaubt. Du kannst nebenbei hieraus entnehmen, dass eine Frau ihren Scheidebrief und der Mann seine Quittung schreiben darf; denn die Bestätigung des Dokumentes geschieht nur durch die Unterzeichneten. (Er bezeugte endlich), dass wenn eine Nadel im Fleische gefunden wird, Messer und Hände rein sind, das Fleisch aber unrein ist; wird sie im Miste gefunden, so ist Alles rein.",
+ "Drei Lehren hat Rabbi Ismael vor den Weisen in dem Weinberge zu Jabneh ausgesprochen: dass ein eingeschlagenes Ei, welches auf Kraut von Teruma gegeben worden, eine Verbindung bildet; war es aber wie ein Helm (geworden), so bildet es keine Verbindung; dass eine in der Ernte stehen gebliebene Ähre, deren Spitze zum stehenden Getreide reicht, wenn sie mit dem stehenden Getreide zusammen abgeschnitten werden kann, dem Hausherrn gehört; wo aber nicht, gehört sie den Armen; und dass ein kleiner Garten, welcher mit aufgezogenen Weinstöcken umgeben ist, wenn darin so viel Raum ist, dass ein Winzer mit seinem Korbe an der einen Seite und ein Winzer mit seinem Korbe an der andern Seite stehen kann, besäet werden darf; wo aber nicht, so darf er nicht besäet werden.",
+ "Drei Dinge hat man R. Ismael vorgetragen, und er hat Betreffs derselben weder ein Verbot noch eine Erlaubnis ausgesprochen; R. Josua ben Mathia hat dazu die Erklärung gegeben: Wer am Sabbat eine Blatter aufsticht, der ist, wenn (seine Absicht war) daran eine Öffnung zu machen, schuldig; wenn aber, Eiter daraus zu entfernen, frei. (Ferner erklärte er:) Wer eine Schlange am Sabbat fängt, ist, wenn er bloß bewirken will, dass sie ihn nicht beiße, frei; wenn er es aber Tat, um sie als Heilmittel za gebrauchen, so ist er schuldig. (Endlich entschied er:) Heronische Tigel sind rein im Totenzelte, werden aber unrein, wenn sie ein Flüssiger trägt. R. Elieser b. Zadok sagt: Auch wenn sie ein Flüssiger trägt, bleiben sie rein, weil die Arbeit daran noch nicht fertig ist.",
+ "Über drei Dinge hat R. Ismael (eine Entscheidung) gesprochen, und R. Akiba hat ihm nicht beigestimmt: Wenn man Knoblauch, unreife Trauben und Körner am Vorabend (zum Sabbat) zerstoßen hat, so sagt R. Ismael: Man darf es auch, nachdem es Nacht geworden, fertig werden lassen. R. Akiba sagt: Man darf es nicht fertig werden lassen.",
+ "Drei Lehren hat man R. Akiba vorgetragen, zwei im Namen des R. Elieser und Eine im Namen des R. Josua. Zwei im Namen des R. Elieser: Eine Frau darf (am Sabbat) mit einer Gold-Stadt ausgehen, und die, welche Tauben fliegen lassen, sind zum Zeugnis untauglich. Eine im Namen des R Josua: Wenn ein Wiesel ein Kriechtier im Maule hat, und über Brote von Teruma geht, so dass es zweifelhaft ist, ob es (die Brote) berührt hat oder nicht, so ist das Zweifelhafte für rein zu erklären.",
+ "Drei Lehren hat R. Akiba vorgetragen, wobei man Betreffs zweier ihm beigestimmt, und Betreffs Einer ihm nicht beigestimmt hat. (Er sagte nämlich,) dass eine Sandale der Kalktüncher als Midras unrein werden kann; dass die Reste eines Backofens vier Handbreit hoch sein müssen (am unrein zu bleiben), während man (früher) sagte: Drei Handbreit. Hierin stimmte man ihm bei. Betreffs Einer Lehre stimmte man ihm nicht bei, nämlich Betreffs eines Stuhles, wovon zwei nebeneinander liegende Sitzbrettchen weggenommen sind; denn R. Akiba erklärt ihn für verunreinigungsfähig, während die Weisen ihn für rein erklären.",
+ "Derselbe pflegte zu sagen: Des Vaters Verdienst steht dem Sohne bei hinsichtlich der Schönheit, der Kraft, des Reichtums, der Weisheit und der Lebensjahre; ferner darin, dass er die Anzahl der Geschlechter vor ihm vollendet, so dass dieser das Ende erleben könne; denn es heißt (Jesaja 41, 4): „Er berief die Menschengeschlechter vom Anbeginn“, und obwohl es heißt (Gen. 15, 13): „Man wird sie knechten und bedrücken vierhundert Jahre“, so heißt es doch (das. 16): „Das vierte Geschlecht wird wieder hierher kommen“.",
+ "Ferner sagt er: Es gibt fünf Dinge, die zwölf Monate dauern. Das Strafgericht über das Geschlecht der Sintflut dauerte zwölf Monate; das Gericht über Job dauerte zwölf Monate; das Strafgericht über die Ägypter dauerte zwölf Monate; das Strafgericht über Gog und Magog in der Zukunft wird zwölf Monate dauern, und das Strafgericht über die Frevler in der Hölle dauert zwölf Monate, denn es heißt (Jes. 66, 23): „Es wird sein von dem Monate bis za seinem Monate.“ R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s, sagt: (So viele Tage wie) vom Pesachfeste bis zum Wochenfeste, denn es heißt (das.): „Von dem Sabbat bis zu seinem Sabbat.“"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn eines von den im Zelte verunreinigenden Dingen geteilt und ins Haus gebracht wird, so erklärt R. Dosa, Sohn Archinos’, (Alles, was dort ist) für rein; die Weisen aber erklären es für unrein. In welcher Weise? Berührt oder trägt Jemand zwei Stücke vom Aase, deren jedes eine halbe Olivengröße hat, oder berührt er eine halbe Olivengröße vom Toten, (während er eine [andere] halbe Olivengröße überdacht; oder berührt er eine halbe Olivengröße,) während eine [andere] halbe Olivengröße ihn überdacht; oder überdacht er eine halbe Olivengröße, während eine [andere] halbe Olivengröße ihn überdacht; so erklärt R. Dosa, Sohn Archinos’, ihn für rein, die Weisen aber erklären ihn für unrein. Wenn er aber eine halbe Olivengröße berührt, während eine andere Sache ihn und eine [andere] halbe Olivengröße [vom Toten] überdacht; (oder er überdacht eine halbe Olivengröße, während eine andere Sache ihn und eine andere halbe Olivengröße überdacht); so ist er rein. R. Meïr sagt: Auch hierbei erklärt ihn R. Dosa, Sohn Archinos’, für rein und die Weisen für unrein. Alles macht unrein, außer Berührung mit Tragen, oder Tragen mit Überdachung. Das ist die Regel: Alles, was zu Einem Namen gehört, macht unrein; was zu zwei Namen gehört, lässt rein.",
+ "Getrennte Esswaren werden nicht zusammengerechnet, so R. Dosa, Sohn Archinos’. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sie werden zusammengerechnet. Man darf zweiten Zehnt gegen ungeprägtes Geld auslösen, so R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Man darf nicht auslösen. Man braucht wegen des Entsündigungswassers bloß die Hände unterzutauchen; so R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Wenn die Hände unrein sind, ist der (ganze) Körper unrein.",
+ "Das Kerngehäuse einer Melone sowie das Abgestreifte vom Kraut ist als Teruma nach R. Dosa Nichtpriestern erlaubt; die Weisen aber verbieten es. Von fünf Schafen, die je anderthalb Mine Wolle liefern, ist man verpflichtet, die Erstlinge der Schur abzusondern; dies die Worte des R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Von fünf Schafen, wenn sie auch wenig liefern.",
+ "Alle Matten können nur eine Toten-Unreinheit annehmen; so R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Auch die Midras-Unreinheit. Alle Geflechte sind rein, ausgenommen die von einem Gürtel; so R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Alle sind unrein, ausgenommen, die der Wollhandler.",
+ "Eine Schleuder, deren Behältnis gewebt ist, kann Unreinheit annehmen; ist es aber von Leder, so erklärt R. Dosa, Sohn Archinos’, sie für rein; die Weisen aber erklären sie für verunreinigungsfähig. Ist das Fingerloch davon abgerissen, so ist sie rein; ist aber nur der Schleuder-Griff abgerissen, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Eine Gefangene darf Teruma essen, so R. Dosa. Die Weisen aber sagen: Manche Gefangene darf essen und manche Gefangene darf nicht essen. Wieso? Sagt eine Frau „Ich bin gefangen worden, aber ich bin rein geblieben“; so darf sie (Teruma) essen (weil derselbe Mund, der es verbietet, es wieder erlauben kann. Sind aber Zeugen vorhanden, dass sie gefangen wurde, und sie sagt: „ich bin rein geblieben“; so darf sie nicht (Teruma) essen.",
+ "In vier Zweifel-Fällen erklärt R. Josua für unrein, und die Weisen für rein: Wenn ein Unreiner steht und ein Reiner vorübergeht; wenn ein Reiner steht und ein Unreiner vorübergeht; wenn Unreines im Gebiete des Einzelnen und Reines im öffentlichen Gebiete ist; wenn Reines im Gebiete des Einzelnen und Unreines im öffentlichen Gebiete ist; ist es nun (in diesen Fällen) zweifelhaft, ob Eins das Andere berührt hat, oder nicht; ob Eins vom Andern durch Überdachung unrein geworden ist oder nicht, oder ob Eins das Andere bewegt hat, oder nicht; so erklärt R. Josua für unrein, und die Weisen erklären für rein.",
+ "Drei Dinge erklärt R. Zadok für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie für rein: Den Nagel des Geldwechslers, den Kasten der Gräupner und den Stift an der Stein-Uhr; diese erklärt R. Zadok für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie für rein.",
+ "Vier Dinge erklärt R. Gamliel für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie fur rein: Den Deckel eines metallenen Korbes der Hausherrn, den Henkel der Striegel, noch nicht fertige Metallgefäße und eine in zwei Teile geteilte Tafel. Doch gestehen die Weisen dem R. Gamliel zu, dass wenn eine Tafel in zwei Stücke geteilt ist, von denen eines größer als das andere ist, das größere verunreinigungsfähig und das kleinere rein sei.",
+ "In drei Dingen entscheidet R. Gamliel erschwerend, wie die Ansicht von Bet-Schammai: Man darf nicht an einem Festtage für den Sabbat Warmes einhüllen; man darf keinen Leuchter am Festtage aufstellen; ebenso darf man keine dicken Brotkuchen, sondern nur dünne Brote backen. Es sagte R. Gamliel: Seit ihrem Bestehen hat meines Vaters Familie (am Festtage) keine dicken Brotkuchen, sondern nur dünne Brote gebacken. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Was sollen wir von deines Vaters Familie schließen, die für sich selbst erschwerend, für Andere aber erleichternd entschied, das sie dicke Brotkuchen und Weißbrot backen dürfen.",
+ "Derselbe hat wieder in drei Dingen erleichternd entschieden: Man darf am Festtage zwischen den Sophas ausfegen; ebenso Räucherwerk (auf Kohlen) legen, und man darf ein ausgerüstetes Böcklein am Pesach-Abend bereiten. Die Weisen aber verbieten dies Alles.",
+ "Drei Dinge erlaubt R. Eleasar, Sohn Asaria’s, welche die Weisen verbieten: Seine Kuh durfte mit dem Riemen zwischen den Hörnern (am Sabbat) ausgehen; man darf das Vieh am Festtage striegeln; und man darf Pfeffer in der Pfeffermühle mahlen. R. Jehuda sagt: Man darf das Vieh am Festtage nicht striegeln, weil man eine Wunde macht; aber man darf es kämmen. Die Weisen aber sagen: Man darf weder striegeln noch kämmen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "In folgenden Dingen haben Bet-Schammai erleichternd und Bet-Hillel erschwerend entschieden. Wenn ein Ei am Festtage gelegt wurde, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Es darf gegessen werden; Bet Hillel aber sagen: Es darf nicht gegessen werden. Bet-Schammai sagen: Sauerteig bei einer Olivengröße und Gesäuertes bei einer Dattelgröße; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Beides bei einer Olivengröße.",
+ "(Wenn ein Vieh am Festtage geboren wurde, so stimmen Alle überein, dass es erlaubt ist, bei einem Küchlein aber, das am Festtag aus dem Ei gekrochen, stimmen alle überein, dass es verboten ist.) Wenn Jemand Wild oder Geflügel am Festtage schlachten will, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er darf mit dem Spaten graben und (das Blut) zudecken; Bet-Hillel aber sagen; Er darf nur dann schlachten, wenn er vorbereitete Erde hat. Doch gestehen sie zu, dass, wenn er schon geschlachtet hat, er mit dem Spaten graben und (das Blut) zudecken darf; auch ist Asche vom Heerde als vorbereitet anzusehen.",
+ "Bet-Schammai sagen: Was (nur) für Arme freigegeben wird, gilt als herrenloses Gut; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es gilt nur als herrenlos, wenn es auch für Reiche freigegeben wird, wie die Erlassjahr-Frucht. Sind alle Garben eines Feldes jede zu einem Kab, Eine aber zu vier Kab, und man hat diese vergessen, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Es gilt nicht als Vergessenes; Bet - Hillel aber sagen: Es gilt als Vergessenes.",
+ "Liegt eine Garbe neben der Wand, dem Getreidehaufen, den Rindern oder den Ackergeräten, und man vergisst sie, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Es gilt nicht als Vergessenes; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es gilt als Vergessenes.",
+ "Hinsichtlich der vierjährigen Wein-Pflanzung sagen Bet-Schammai, dass dabei kein Fünftel-Zusatz und keine Fortschaffung erforderlich ist; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Sie erfordert Fünftel-Zusatz sowohl als Fortschaffung. Bet - Schammai sagen: Es gilt dabei die Pflicht von Peret und ‘Olelot, und die Armen lösen für sich aus; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Alles (kommt) in die Kelter.",
+ "Ein Fass mit eingelegten Oliven braucht man nach Bet-Schammai nicht zu durchlöchern; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Man muss es durchlöchern. Doch gestehen sie zu, dass, wenn es durchlöchert worden ist und die Hefen (das Loch) verstopft haben, es rein bleibt. Wenn sich Jemand mit reinem Öle gesalbt hat und dann unrein geworden, (ins Tauchbad) hinabgestiegen und untergetaucht hat, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Obwohl er (noch vom Öle) trieft, ist es rein; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: (das Öl ist unrein) wenn es reicht, ein kleines Glied damit zu salben. War es schon vorher unrein, so sagen Bet-Schammai: (Es bleibt unrein) wenn es reicht, ein kleines Glied damit zu salben; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Schon wenn es ihn im Geringsten benetzt. R. Jehuda sagt im Namen von Bet-Hillel: Wenn es ihn so benetzt, dass er damit (Anderes) benetzen kann.",
+ "Eine Frau wird nach der Ansicht von Bet-Schammai durch einen Denar oder den Wert eines Denars (dem Manne) angetraut; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Schon durch eine Peruta oder den Wert einer Peruta. Wie viel ist eine Peruta? Ein Achtel eines italischen Issar. Bet-Schammai sagen: Man kann vermittels eines alten Scheidebriefes sich von seiner Frau scheiden; Bet-Hillel aber verbieten dies. Was heißt ein alter Scheidebrief? Wenn der Mann, nachdem er denselben geschrieben, mit seiner Frau allein gewesen ist. Wenn Jemand sich von seiner Frau geschieden und nachher mit ihr zusammen in einer Herberge übernachtet hat, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Sie bedarf von ihm keines zweiten Scheidebriefes; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Sie bedarf von ihm eines zweiten Scheidebriefes. Wann (gilt dies)? Wenn sie nach der Verheiratung sich geschieden haben; wenn sie aber nach der Verlobung sich geschieden haben, bedarf sie von ihm keines zweiten Scheidebriefes, weil er gegen sie noch nicht dreist ist.",
+ "Bet-Schammai erlauben die Nebenfrauen (zur Leviratsehe) den Brüdern; Bet-Hillel aber verbieten dies. Haben sie die Chaliza vollzogen, so erklären Bet-Schammai dieselben für ungeeignet, Priester zu heiraten; nach Bet-Hillel aber sind dieselben hierzu geeignet. Sind sie in die Leviratsehe getreten, so erklären sie Bet-Schammai für geeignet und Bet-Hillel für ungeeignet (zu einer Priester-Ehe). Wiewohl die Einen Manche (zur Ehe) für ungeeignet erklären, welche die Andern für geeignet halten, so hielt sich dennoch das Haus Schammai’s nicht zurück, Frauen vom Hause Hillels zu heiraten, und ebenso vermied nicht das Haus Hillels, Frauen vom Hause Schammai’s zu heiraten. Auch hinsichtlich alles Reinen und Unreinen, wobei die Einen für rein erklärten, was die Anderen für unrein hielten, haben die Einen kein Bedenken getragen, die Geräte der Anderen zur Bereitung von Reinem zu gebrauchen.",
+ "Wenn zwei von drei Brüdern zwei Schwestern zu Frauen haben, der dritte aber ledig ist, und es stirbt einer der Männer der Schwestern, der Ledige macht (an dessen Witwe) einen Maamar und darauf stirbt der andere Bruder, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Seine Frau bleibe bei ihm, die andere aber ist als Schwester seiner Frau (von der Leviratsehe-Pflicht) befreit. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Er muss seine Frau durch Scheidebrief und Chaliza und die Frau seines Bruders durch Chaliza entlassen. Das ist der Fall, wobei man sagt: Wehe ihm wegen seiner Frau, und wehe ihm wegen seines Bruders Frau.",
+ "Wenn Jemand seine Frau durch ein Gelübde verpflichtet, seiner Beiwohnung zu entsagen, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Zwei Wochen (muss sie dies zugeben); Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Nur eine Woche. Wenn eine Frau am Vorabend des einundachtzigsten Tages abortiert, so befreien sie Bet-Schammai vom Opfer; Bet-Hillel aber verpflichten sie hierzu. Bei einem leinenen Kleide befreien Bet-Schammai vom Schaufäden-Gebot, Bet-Hillel aber verpflichten dazu. Einen Korb (mit Früchten), der für den Sabbat bestimmt ist, befreien Bet-Schammai (von der Zehnt-Absonderung); Bet-Hillel aber verpflichten dazu.",
+ "Wenn Einer für längere Zeit ein Nasirat gelobt hat und, nachdem er sein Nasirat vollendet, nach dem Lande (Israels) kommt, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er muss (nur noch) dreißig Tage ein Nasir sein; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Er muss (wieder) von vorn das Nasirat beginnen. Wenn zwei Zeugenpaare von Jemandem (verschieden) aussagen; das Eine sagt, er habe zwei (Nasirate) gelobt, und das andere sagt, er habe fünf gelobt, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Da das Zeugnis verschieden ist, so braucht er gar kein Nasirat zu beobachten; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: In fünf ist zwei enthalten; er muss daher zweimal Nasir sein.",
+ "Wenn ein Mensch unter der Spalte sich befindet, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er bringt nicht die Unreinheit; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Der Mensch ist hohl, und dessen obere Seite bringt die Unreinheit."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Jehuda sagte sechs Lehren, bei denen Bet-Schammai erleichternd und Bet-Hillel erschwerend entscheiden. Das Blut vom Aase erklärten Bet-Schammai für rein, Bet-Hillel aber für unrein. Das Ei eines Aases ist, wenn es so beschaffen ist, wie man es auf dem Markte verkauft, erlaubt, sonst aber verboten; so nach Bet-Schammai; nach Bet-Hillel aber ist es (immer) verboten. Doch gestehen Jene zu, dass das Ei von Trepha verboten ist, weil es im verbotenen Zustande ausgebildet worden ist. Der Blut-Abgang einer Heidin und das Reinheits-Blut einer Aussätzigen erklären Bet- Schammai für rein; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es ist wie ihr Speichel und Urin zu beurteilen. Die Früchte des siebenten Jahres darf man sowohl mit als ohne Dankesbezeugung essen; so nach Bet-Schammai. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Man darf sie nicht essen mit Dankesbezeugung. Der Schlauch (nimmt Unreinheit an) nach Bet-Schammai, wenn er zugebunden ist und Bestand hat; nach Bet-Hillel aber auch wenn er nicht zugebunden ist.",
+ "R. Jose sagte sechs Lehren, bei denen Bet-Schammai erleichternd und Bet-Hillel erschwerend entscheiden. Geflügel darf mit Käse zugleich auf den Tisch gebracht, aber nicht zusammen gegessen werden; so Bet-Schammai. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es darf weder zugleich gebracht, noch zusammen gegessen werden. Man darf von Oliven die Hebe für Öl und von Weintrauben die Hebe für Wein absondern; so Bet-Schammai. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Man darf nicht absondern. Wenn Einer die vier Ellen des Weinberges (mit Sämereien) besäet, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er hat eine Reihe geheiligt; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Er hat zwei Reihen geheiligt. Den Mehlbrei erklären Bet-Schammai für frei (von Challah); Bet-Hillel aber erklären ihn für pflichtig. Man darf in einen Sturzbach untertauchen nach den Worten von Bet - Schammai; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Man darf nicht untertauchen. Wenn Jemand am Tage vor Pesach Proselyt geworden ist, so sagen Bet-Schammai: Er darf untertauchen und Abends sein Pesach - Opfer essen. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Wer sich von seiner Vorhaut abgesondert, gleicht Einem, der sich von einem Grabe abgesondert.",
+ "R. Ismael sagte drei Lehren, bei denen Bet-Schammai erleichternd und Bet - Hillel erschwerend entscheiden. Das Buch Kohelet verunreinigt nicht die Hände; so Bet-Schammai. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es verunreinigt die Hände. Entsündigungswasser, das man bereits dem Gesetze gemäß verwendet hat, erklären Bet-Schammai für rein; nach Bet-Hillel aber kann es verunreinigen. Schwarzkümmel erklären Bet-Schammai für rein, Bet-Hillel aber für verunreinigungsfähig. Ebenso (kontroversieren dieselben) hinsichtlich dessen Verzehntung.",
+ "R. Elieser sagte zwei Lehren, bei denen Bet-Schammai erleichternd und Bet - Hillel erschwerend entscheiden. Der Blutabgang einer Wöchnerin, die nicht untergetaucht hat, ist nach Bet-Schammai (nur) wie ihr Speichel und ihr Urin zu beurteilen; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Es verunreinigt im feuchten und im trockenen Zustande. Doch gestehen jene zu, dass es bei Einer, die im Blutfluss geboren hat, feucht und trocken verunreinigt.",
+ "Haben zwei von vier Brüdern zwei Schwestern geheiratet und es sterben die mit den Schwestern Verheirateten, so müssen letztere die Chaliza vollziehen und dürfen nicht in Leviratsehe genommen werden. Haben sie dieselben voreilig geehelicht, so müssen sie dieselben wieder entlassen. R. Elieser sagt: Nach Bet-Schammai dürfen sie dieselben behalten, und nach Bet-Hillel müssen sie dieselben entlassen.",
+ "Akabja, Sohn Mahalalels, bezeugte vier Lehren. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Akabja, widerrufe die vier Lehren, die Du gesagt hast, — und wir wollen Dich zum Gerichtsvorsitzenden für Israel machen! Da sagte er zu ihnen: Lieber möchte ich mein Leben lang ein Thor genannt werden, als dass ich eine Stunde vor Gott ein Frevler werde; man soll nicht sagen, er hat um eines Amtes willen widerrufen. — Er hatte nämlich ein (vom Aussatze) zurückgelassenes weißes Haar und gelbes Blut (einer Frau) für unrein erklärt, während die Weisen (beides) für rein erklärten. Er hatte ferner das von einem fehlerhaften erstgeborenen Viehe ausgefallene Haar, das man in eine Wandnische gelegt hatte, (zur Benutzung) erlaubt, nachdem man das Vieh geschlachtet, während die Weisen es verboten. Endlich hatte er gesagt: Man gibt keiner Proselytin und keiner freigelassenen Sklavin (das bittere Wasser) zu trinken; die Weisen aber sagen: Man gibt (es ihnen) zu trinken. Sie sagten zu ihm: Es geschah doch einmal bei der Karkemit, einer freigelassenen Sklavin zu Jerusalem, dass Schemaja und Abtalion ihr (das bittere Wasser) zu trinken geben ließen! Da sagte er zu ihnen: Sie haben ihr nur etwas Ähnliches zu trinken geben lassen. Darauf Taten sie ihn in den Bann; erstarb auch in dem Banne, und das Gericht steinigte seinen Sarg. Es sagt R. Jehuda: Gott bewahre, dass Akabja in den Bann gelegt sein sollte; denn es ward hinter Keinem in Israel der Tempel-Vorhof geschlossen, der an Weisheit und Sünden-Scheu dem Akabja, Sohn Mahalalels, gliche! Wen denn hat man in den Bann getan? Den Elieser, Sohn Chanoch’s, weil er an (der Satzung) der Hände-Reinigung rüttelte. Als er gestorben war, schickte das Gericht hin und ließ auf dessen Sarg einen Stein legen. Dies lehrt (uns), dass man, wenn ein Gebannter im Banne stirbt, dessen Sarg steinigt.",
+ "In seiner Todesstunde sprach er zu seinem Sohne: Mein Sohn! Gehe du von den vier Lehren, die ich ausgesprochen habe, ab! Da sprach er zu ihm: Warum bist du nicht selbst davon abgegangen? Da erwiderte er: Ich habe aus dem Munde einer Mehrheit vernommen, und Jene haben aus dem Munde einer Mehrheit vernommen; ich blieb bei meiner Überlieferung, und Jene blieben bei ihrer Überlieferung; du aber hast aus dem Munde eines Einzelnen und aus dem Munde der Mehrheit vernommen, besser also, die Worte des Einzelnen zu lassen und die Worte der Mehrheit festzuhalten. Er sprach zu ihm: Vater, empfiehl mich deinen Kollegen! Da sprach er zu ihm: Ich empfehle (dich) nicht! Jener sagte: Hast Du vielleicht was Unrechtes an mir gefunden? Darauf antwortete dieser: Nein! allein deine Taten sollen dich (ihnen) nähern oder es sollen deine Taten dich (von ihnen) entfernen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Jehuda, Sohn Baba’s, bezeugte fünf Lehren: Man bewegt minderjährige Mädchen zu einer Weigerungs- Erklärung. Man erlaubt einer Frau auf die Aussage Eines Zeugen, wieder zu heiraten. In Jerusalem sei ein Hahn gesteinigt worden, weil er einen Menschen getötet hatte. Es sei vierzig Tage alter Wein auf den Altar als Spende gegossen worden. Das tägliche Morgenopfer sei um vier Tagesstunden dargebracht worden.",
+ "Es bezeugten R. Josua und R. Nechunja, Sohn Elinathan’s, aus Kephar Hababli, dass ein Glied eines Toten verunreinige; denn R. Elieser sagte, man habe dies nur Betreffs eines Gliedes vom Lebenden gelehrt. Da sprächen Jene zu ihm: Man kann dies ja durch einen Schluss vom Leichteren auf das Schwerere folgern: Wenn beim Lebenden, der doch rein ist, das von ihm abgesonderte Glied unrein ist, um wie viel mehr muss bei einem Toten, der [an sich] unrein ist, das von ihm abgesonderte Glied unrein sein! Da erwiderte er ihnen: Man hat dies [dennoch] nur Betreffs eines Gliedes vom Lebenden gelehrt. Eine andere Erwiderung. Die Unreinigkeit der Lebenden ist größer als die der Toten, denn der Lebende macht das, was unter ihm ist, zum Lager und Sitz, welche einen Menschen samt dessen Kleidern verunreinigen können, ferner das, was über ihm liegt, zur Auflage, welche Speisen und Getränke verunreinigen kann, welche Unreinigkeit der Tote nicht bewirkt.",
+ "Fleisch von Olivengröße, das sich von einem vom Lebenden getrennten Gliede abgesondert, erklärt R. Elieser für unrein; R. Josua und R. Nechunja aber erklären es für rein. Einen Knochen von der Größe eines Gerstenkornes, der sich von einem vom Lebenden getrennten Gliede abgesondert, erklärt R. Nechunja für unrein; R. Elieser und R. Josua aber erklären ihn für rein. Sie sprachen zu R. Elieser: Was bewog dich, ein vom getrennten Gliede eines Lebenden abgesondertes olivengroßes Stückchen Fleisch für unrein zu erklären? Da sprach er zu ihnen: Wir finden, dass ein Glied vom Lebenden wie ein ganzer Leichnam betrachtet wird; wie daher beim Leichnam eine von ihm abgesonderte Olivengröße Fleisches unrein ist, ebenso muss beim Gliede vom Lebenden das davon abgesonderte olivengroße Stückchen Fleisch für unrein erklärt werden. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Nein! Wohl kannst du eine vom Toten abgesonderte Olivengröße Fleisches für unrein erklären, da du ja einen davon abgesonderten gerstenkorngroßen Knochen für unrein erklärst; willst du aber auch eine von einem Gliede vom Lebenden abgesonderte Olivongröße Fleisches für unrein erklären, während du doch einen davon abgesonderten gerstenkorngroßen Knochen für rein erklärst?! Sie sprachen zu R. Nechunja: Was bewog dich, einen von einem Gliede vom Lebenden abgesonderten gerstenkorngroßen Knochen für unrein zu erklären? Da sprach er zu ihnen: Wir finden, dass ein Glied vom Lebenden wie ein ganzer Leichnam betrachtet wird; wie daher beim Leichnam ein Knochen von der Größe eines Gerstenkornes, der sich von demselben abgesondert hat, unrein ist, ebenso muss beim Gliede vom Lebenden der davon abgesonderte gerstenkorngroße Knochen für unrein erklärt werden. Da sprachen sie zu ihm: Nein! Mit Recht kannst du einen vom Toten abgesonderten gerstenkorngroßen Knochen für unrein erklären, da du ja eine davon abgesonderte Olivengröße Fleisches für unrein erklärst; willst du aber auch einen vom Gliede vom Lebenden abgesonderten gerstenkorngroßen Knochen für unrein erklären, während du doch eine davon abgesonderte Olivengröße Fleisches für rein erklärst?! Sie sprachen zu R. Elieser: Was bewog dich, verschiedene Normen aufzustellen? Erkläre entweder Beides für unrein, oder Beides für rein! Er erwiderte ihnen: Die Unreinigkeit des Fleisches ist ausgedehnter als die Unreinigkeit der Knochen, denn die des Fleisches gilt bei Äsern und Kriechtieren, was bei der der Knochen nicht der Fall ist. Eine andere Erwiderung: Ein Glied, an dem gehöriges Fleisch ist, verunreinigt durch Berührung, Tragung und Bedachung; fehlt [etwas] vom Fleische, so ist es [dennoch] unrein, fehlt [aber etwas] vom Knochen, so ist es rein. Sie sprachen zu R. Nechunja: Was bewog dich verschiedene Normen aufzustellen? Erkläre entweder Beides für unrein, oder Beides für rein! Er erwiderte ihnen: die Unreinigkeit der Knochen ist ausgedehnter als die Unreinigkeit des Fleisches, denn das vom Lebenden abgesonderte Fleisch ist rein, während ein von ihm abgesondertes Glied, das in seiner natürlichen Beschaffenheit sich befindet, unrein ist. Eine andere Erwiderung: Eine Olivengröße Fleisches verunreinigt durch Berührung, Tragung und Bedachung; ebenso verunreinigt die Mehrzahl der Knochen durch Berührung, Tragung und Bedachung; fehlt [etwas] vom Fleische, so ist es rein; fehlt aber [etwas] von der Mehrzahl der Knochen, so ist es, obgleich insofern rein, dass es nicht durch Bedachung verunreinigt, dennoch verunreinigend durch Berührung und Tragung. Eine andere Erwiderung: Das gesamte Fleisch eines Toten ist, wenn es weniger als eine Olivengröße beträgt, rein; dagegen ist der größte Teil des Baues oder der größte Teil der Zahl [der Knochen] eines Toten, wenn er auch kein viertel Kab ausmacht, unrein. Sie sprachen zu R. Josua: Was bewog dich, Beides für rein zu erklären? Er erwiderte ihnen: Nein! Wenn ihr beim Toten [für unrein] erkläret, bei dem die Bestimmungen: „Mehrzahl“, „Viertel“, „Verwestes“ gelten, wollet ihr dies auch beim Lebenden erklären, bei dem die Bestimmungen: „Mehrzahl“, „Viertel“, „Verwestes“ keine Geltung haben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Josua und R. Zadok bezeugten, dass, wenn das Lösungs-Lamm eines Esels-Erstlings stirbt, der Priester nichts dafür [zu beanspruchen] hat; denn R. Elieser hatte gesagt: Man müsse dafür haften, wie für die fünf Sela’ [Lösegeld] eines erstgeborenen Sohnes. Die Weisen aber sagen: Man muss nicht dafür haften; [es ist] nur wie das Lösegeld des zweiten Zehnten",
+ "R. Zadok bezeugte, dass die Lake von unreinen Heuschrecken rein sei; denn die erste Mischna [hatte gelehrt]: Wenn unreine Heuschrecken mit reinen eingemacht worden sind, machen sie nur die Lake unbrauchbar.",
+ "R. Zadok bezeugte, dass fließendes Wasser, wenn es mehr ist als das [damit vermischte] Tropfwasser, tauglich ist. Es ereignete sich dies zu Birat Happelija, der Fall kam vor die Weisen und sie erklärten es für tauglich.",
+ "R Zadok bezeugte, dass fließendes Wasser, welches man durch Nuss-Laub strömen lässt, tauglich bleibt. Dies kam vor zu Ahalija, die Sache wurde [den Weisen] in der Quaderhalle vorgelegt, und sie erklärten es für tauglich.",
+ "Es bezeugten R Josua und R. Jakim aus Haddar, dass ein Krug mit Sühnasche, den man auf ein Kriechtier gestellt, unrein sei, was R. Elieser für rein erklärt. R. Papios bezeugte, dass, wenn Jemand zwei Nasirate gelobt und das erste Mal am dreißigsten Tage sich geschoren hat, derselbe sich das zweite Mal am sechzigsten Tage scheren könne, und, wenn er sich am neunundfünfzigsten Tage geschoren, auch seiner Pflicht genügt hat, denn der dreißigste Tag wird ihm mitgerechnet.",
+ "Es bezeugten R. Josua und R. Papios, das ein Junges von einem Friedensopfer als Friedensopfer dargebracht wird; denn R. Elieser sagte: Ein Junges von einem Friedensopfer kann nicht als Friedensopfer dargebracht werden, während die Weisen behaupteten, es könne [als Friedensopfer] dargebracht werden. Es sagte R. Papios: Ich bezeuge, dass wir eine Friedensopfer-Kuh hatten, sie am Pesach assen und deren Junges am [folgenden] Feste als Friedensopfer assen.",
+ "Dieselben bezeugten, dass die Backbretter der Bäcker verunreinigungsfähig sind, denn R. Elieser erklärte sie für rein. Dieselben bezeugten, dass ein Backofen, wenn man ihn in Ringe zerschnitten und zwischen einen Ring und den andern Sand getan hat, verunreinigungsfähig ist; denn R. Elieser erklärte ihn für rein. Dieselben bezeugten, dass man den ganzen Monat Adar das Jahr als Schaltjahr erklären kann, während man [früher] behauptet hatte: [Nur] bis zum Purimfeste. Dieselben bezeugten, dass man das Jahr bedingungsweise als Schaltjahr erklären kann. Einst geschah es, dass R Gamliel verreist war, um sich vom Statthalter in Syrien eine Erlaubnis auszuwirken, und lange ausblieb; da erklärte man das Jahr als Schaltjahr unter der Bedingung, dass R. Gamliel es genehmigen würde. Als dieser zurückkam, sprach er: „Ich genehmige es“, und das Jahr galt als Schaltjahr.",
+ "Menachem, Sohn Signaï’s, bezeugte, dass der Ansatz des Kessels der Olivensieder verunreinigungsfähig, der der Färber aber rein ist; denn man hatte [vorher] umgekehrt gelehrt.",
+ "Es bezeugte R. Nechunja, Sohn Gudgeda’s, dass eine Taubstumme, welche der Vater verheiratet hatte, durch einen Scheidebrief geschieden werden kann; dass eine minderjährige Tochter eines Israël, die an einen Priester verheiratet worden, Theruma essen darf, und dass, wenn eine solche stirbt, ihr Mann sie beerbt; dass Jemand, der einen geraubten Balken in einen Palast eingebaut hat, [nur] dessen Wert bezahlen muss; dass endlich ein Sündopfer, das geraubt wurde, wenn dies nicht Vielen bekannt ist, als versöhnend gilt, [was man] zum Besten des Altars [verordnet hat]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. Josua ben Bethera bezeugte, dass Blut der Äser rein ist. Es bezeugte R. Simon ben Bethera, dass Sühn-Asche, von der ein Unreiner einen Teil berührt hat, gänzlich unrein ist. R. Akiba fügte noch hinzu, dass feines Mehl, Räucherwerk, Weihrauch und Kohlen, von denen ein Tebul-Jom einen Teil berührt hat, gänzlich unbrauchbar sind.",
+ "Es bezeugten R Jehuda, Sohn Baba’s und R. Jehuda, der Priester, dass eine minderjährige Tochter eines Israël, die an einen Priester verheiratet worden, sobald sie unter den Trauhimmel eingegangen, wenn ihr auch noch nicht beigewohnt worden, Theruma essen darf. Es bezeugten R. Jose, der Priester, und R. Secharja ben Hakkazzab Betreffs eines kleinen Mädchens, das zu Aschkelon verpfändet worden und das ihre Familien-Mitglieder von sich entfernten, obschon die Zeugen hierüber zugleich aussagten, dass sie sich mit Niemand verborgen und nicht geschändet worden, dass die Weisen zu Jenen gesagt haben: Wenn ihr glaubet, dass sie verpfändet worden, so glaubet auch, dass sie sich nicht verborgen hat und nicht geschändet worden ist; glaubet ihr aber nicht, dass sie sich nicht verborgen hat und nicht geschändet worden ist, so glaubet auch nicht, dass sie verpfändet worden.",
+ "Es bezeugten R. Josua und R. Jehuda ben Bethera, dass eine Witwe aus einer ‘Issah zur Priesterehe geeignet ist; während die ‘Issah geeignet ist, sowohl für unrein oder rein zu erklären, als Betreffs Entfernung und Annäherung zu bestimmen. Hierauf sagte R. (Simon ben) Gamliel: Wir nehmen euer Zeugnis an; aber was sollen wir tun, da R. Jochanan, Sohn Sakkai’s, entschieden hat, hierüber keine Gerichts-Sitzungen abzuhalten, denn die Priester werden euch wohl zur Entfernung, aber nicht zur Annäherung Gehör schenken.",
+ "Es bezeugte (R.) Jose, Sohn Joësers, aus Zereda, dass die Ajil-Heuschrecke rein ist, dass die Flüssigkeiten im Schlachthause rein sind und dass wer einen Toten berührt, unrein ist; und man nannte ihn: „Jose, der Erlaubende“.",
+ "Es bezeugte R. Akiba im Namen des Nehemia aus Beth-Deli, dass man einer Frau auf die Aussage Eines Zeugen hin erlaubt, sich wieder zu verheiraten. Es bezeugte R. Josua Betreffs Knochen, die im Holzschuppen gefunden worden sind, (dass sie unrein sind), dass die Weisen gesagt haben, man solle Bein für Bein auflesen, und Alles bleibt rein.",
+ "Es spricht R. Elieser: Ich habe eine Überlieferung, man habe, als man den Tempel baute, Umhänge vor dem Tempel und Umhänge vor den Höfen gemacht; jedoch hat man beim Tempel [die Mauer] außerhalb [der Umhänge], bei den Vorhöfen aber innerhalb [derselben] gebaut. Es spricht R. Josua: Ich habe eine Überlieferung, man dürfe Opfer bringen, wenn auch der Tempel nicht da ist, Allerheiligstes essen, wenn auch keine Umhänge vorhanden sind, ebenso Minderheiliges und zweiten Zehnten, wenn die Stadtmauer nicht da ist; denn die erste Weihung hat sowohl für ihre Zeit, als für die Zukunft geheiligt.",
+ "Es spricht R. Josua: Ich habe [eine Überlieferung] empfangen von R. Jochanan, Sohn Sakkai’s, dass ihm von seinem Lehrer überliefert worden, der es wieder von seinem Lehrer als eine von Moses auf dem Sinai vernommene Lehre empfangen hat, dass Elija nicht kommen werde, für unrein oder rein zu erklären, zu entfernen oder nahe zu bringen, sondern die mit Gewalt nahe gebrachten [Familien] zu entfernen und die mit Gewalt entfernten nahe zu bringen. Eine Familie, Namens Bet-Zerepha, war jenseits des Jardens, die Ben-Zion mit Gewalt entfernt hatte, eine andere wieder war dort, die Ben-Zion mit Gewalt nahe gebracht hatte; dergleichen kommt Elija unrein oder rein zu sprechen, zu entfernen oder nahe zu bringen. R. Jehuda sagt: Nur nahe zu bringen, aber nicht zu entfernen. R. Simon sagt: [Er kommt], um die Meinungsverschiedenheiten auszugleichen. Die Weisen aber sagen: [Elija kommt] nicht zu entfernen und nicht nahe zu bringen, sondern Frieden in der Welt zu stiften; denn es heißt (Mal. 3, 23f.): Siehe ich sende euch den Propheten Elija u. s. w.; und er wird zurückführen das Herz der Väter zu den Kindern und das Herz der Kinder zu ihren Vätern."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec0f50c38f59c71c60f4bb36fd2ff0f50eb24bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Shammai says: “For all women [who begin to menstruate] it suffices [to reckon their impurity from] the time [of their discovering it].” And Hillel says: “[Their impurity is reckoned backwards] from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination, even if this covers many days.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one, but [they are considered impure for] the past twenty four hours when this lessens the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination, and for the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination when this lessens the past twenty-four hours.” Any woman who has a regular period, it suffices [to reckon her impurity from] her set time. She who uses testing-cloths [when she has sexual relations], behold this is like an examination: it lessens either the period of the [past] twenty four hours or the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination.",
+ "Shammai says: “[Dough] of a kav or more is subject to the law of hallah.” And Hillel says: “Of two kavs or more.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one, but [dough of] a kav and a half is subject to the law of hallah.” And after they increased the measures they said: “[Dough of] five quarters is subject. Rabbi Yose said: “Five are exempt, five and more are liable.”",
+ "Hillel says: “A hin full of drawn water renders the mikweh unfit.” (However, man must speak in the language of his teacher.) And Shammai says: “Nine kavs.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one;” But when two weavers from the dung-gate which is in Jerusalem came and testified in the name of Shemaiah and Avtalion, “Three logs of drawn water render the mikweh unfit,” the Sages confirmed their statement.",
+ "And why do they record the opinions of Shammai and Hillel for naught? To teach the following generations that a man should not [always] persist in his opinion, for behold, the fathers of the world did not persist in their opinion.",
+ "And why do they record the opinion of a single person among the many, when the halakhah must be according to the opinion of the many? So that if a court prefers the opinion of the single person it may depend on him. For no court may set aside the decision of another court unless it is greater than it in wisdom and in number. If it was greater than it in wisdom but not in number, in number but not in wisdom, it may not set aside its decision, unless it is greater than it in wisdom and in number.",
+ "Rabbi Judah said: “If so, why do they record the opinion of a single person among the many to set it aside? So that if a man shall say, ‘Thus have I received the tradition’, it may be said to him, ‘According to the [refuted] opinion of that individual did you hear it.’”",
+ "Beth Shammai says: “A quarter-kav of any bones, even from two limbs or from three.” And Beth Hillel says: “A quarter-kav of bones from a corpse, either from [the bones which form] the greater portion of the [body’s] build, or from the greater portion of the number [of the body’s bones]. Shammai says: “Even from a single bone.”",
+ "Vetches of terumah: Beth Shammai says, “They must be soaked and rubbed in purity, but can be given for food in impurity.” And Beth Hillel says: “They must be soaked in purity, but can be rubbed and given for food in impurity.” Shammai says: “They must be eaten dry.” Rabbi Akiva says: “All actions in connection with them [can be carried out] in impurity.”",
+ "One who changes for a sela copper coins from second tithe: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel say: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” Rabbi Meir says: “Silver and fruits may not be substituted for silver.” But the sages allow it.",
+ "One who exchanges a sela from second tithe in Jerusalem: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel says: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” The disputants before the Sages say: “Silver for three denars and copper coin for one denar.” Rabbi Akiva says: “Silver for three denars and for the fourth silver, copper coin.” Rabbi Tarfon says: “Four aspers in silver.” Shammai says: “He must leave it in the shop and eat on the credit thereof.”",
+ "A bride’s stool from which the covering-boards have been taken: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounce it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even the framework of a stool [by itself is liable to become] unclean.” A stool which has been set in a baker’s trough: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounces it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even one made therein [is liable to become unclean].”",
+ "These are subjects concerning which Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai:A woman who came from overseas and said: “My husband died” may be married again; “My husband died [without children]” she must be married by her husband’s brother (the levir). But Beth Hillel says: “We have heard so only in the case of one who came from the harvesting.” Beth Shammai said to them: “It is the same thing in the case of one who came from the harvesting or who came from the olive-picking or who came from overseas; they mentioned harvesting only because that is how it happened.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to Beth Shammai. Beth Shammai says: “She may be married again and take her kethubah payment.” But Beth Hillel says: “She may be married again but may not take her kethubah payment.” Beth Shammai said to them: “You have permitted the graver matter of a forbidden marriage, should you not permit the lighter matter of property?” Beth Hillel said to them: “We have found that brothers do not inherit on her statement.” Beth Shammai said to them: “Do we not infer it from her marriage document in which he writes to her ‘That if you be married to another you shall take what is written for you’?” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.",
+ "Whoever is half a slave and half a free man should work one day for his master and one day for himself, according to Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: “You have set matters in order with regards to his master, but you have not set matters in order with regards to himself. He is not able to marry a slave-woman, nor is he able [to marry] a woman who is free. Is he to refrain [from marrying]? [How can he] for is it not the case that the world was created in order for people to be fruitful and multiply? For it is said, “He did not create it to be a waste; but formed it for inhabitation” (Isaiah 45:18). But for the rightful ordering of the world his master is compelled to make him free, and he writes out a bond for half his value.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.",
+ "A vessel of earthenware can protect everything [in it from contracting impurity], according to Beth Hillel. But Beth Shammai says: “It protects only food and liquids and [other] vessels of earthenware.” Beth Hillel said to them: “Why?” Beth Shammai said to them: “Because it is [itself] impure with respect to an ignoramus, and no impure vessel can screen [against impurity].” Beth Hillel said to them: “And did you not pronounce pure the food and liquids inside it?” Beth Shammai said to them: “When we pronounced pure the food and liquids inside it, we pronounced them pure for him [the ignoramus] only, but when you pronounced the vessel pure you pronounced it pure for yourself and for him.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Hanina, chief of the priests, testified concerning four matters:Through all their days the priests never refrained from burning meat which had been defiled by an “offspring” of impurity with meat which had been made impure by a “father” of impurity, although they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity. Rabbi Akiba added: “Through all their days the priests never shrank from lighting oil which had been rendered unfit by a tevul yom in a lamp made impure by one who was made impure by a corpse, although they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity.”",
+ "Rabbi Hanina, chief of the priests, said: “All my days I never saw a hide taken out to the place of burning.” Rabbi Akiba said: “From his words we infer that whoever flays the hide of the firstborn beast and it is found to be trefah, the priests may enjoy the use of the hide.” But the Sages say: “[A testimony which consists of] ‘we didn’t see’ is not a proof; rather the hide must be taken out to the place of burning.",
+ "He also testified concerning a small village in the vicinity of Jerusalem in which there was an old man who used to lend to all the people of the village and write out [the bond] in his own handwriting and others signed it. And when the fact was brought before the Sages they pronounced it legal. Hence, incidentally, you may infer that a wife may write her own bill of divorcement, and a husband may write his own receipt; for the legality of a document depends only on those who sign it. And [he testified] concerning a needle which was found in flesh of a [sacrifice], that the knife and the hands [which had been employed on the flesh] are clean, but the flesh itself is defiled; and if it was found in the excrement, all are clean.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael declared three things before the Sages in the vineyard at Yavneh: Concerning an egg which was beaten together, and placed on vegetables of terumah that it acts as a connection; but if it was in the form of a helmet it does not act as a connection. And concerning an ear of corn in the harvesting, the top of which reached the standing corn that if it can be reaped together with the standing corn, it belongs to the owner; and if not, it belongs to the poor. And concerning a small garden which was surrounded by a row of vines that if it has space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on one side, and space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on the other side, it may be sown with seed; but if not, it may not be sown with seed.",
+ "They stated three things before Rabbi Yishmael, and he pronounced none of them either unlawful or lawful; and Rabbi Joshua ben Matya explained them.One who lances an abscess on the Sabbath: if it was to make an opening he is liable; if it was to bring out the pus, he is exempt. And concerning one who hunts a snake on the Sabbath: that if he was occupied with it in order that it should not bite him, he is innocent; but if that he might use it as a remedy, he is guilty. And concerning Ironian stewpots: that they do not contract impurity when under the same tent as a corpse; but become impure if they are carried by a zav. Rabbi Eliezer ben Zadok says: “Even if they are carried by a zav they remain pure, because they are unfinished.”",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael said three things, and Rabbi Akiba disagreed with him.Garlic or unripe grapes or green ears of grain were being crushed [on the eve of the Sabbath] while it is yet day: Rabbi Yishmael says: “He may finish crushing after it grows dark.” But Rabbi Akiba says: “He may not finish.”",
+ "They said three things before Rabbi Akiva, two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer and one in the name of Rabbi Joshua. Two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer:A woman may go out [on the Sabbath adorned] with a “golden-city”; And they that fly pigeons are unfit to bear evidence. And one in the name of Rabbi Joshua: If there was a creeping thing in the mouth of a weasel when it walked over loaves of terumah, and it is doubtful whether it touched them or whether it did not touch them, that about which there is doubt remains pure.",
+ "Rabbi Akiba declared three things; about two they agreed with him, and about one they disagreed with him.About a lime-burner’s sandal, that it is liable to contract midras impurity; And about the remains of a [broken] oven, that they must be four handbreadths high [in order to retain impurity], whereas they used to say three and [when he said four] they agreed with him. And about one they disagreed with him About a stool, from which two of its covering-boards had been removed, the one beside the other, which Rabbi Akiba pronounces able to contract impurity, but the Sages declare unable to contract impurity.",
+ "He used to say: the father transmits to the son beauty, strength, wealth, wisdom and years. And the number of generations before Him, that shall be their appointed end: For it is said, “calling the generations from the beginning” (Isaiah 41:4) Although it is said, “And shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13), it is also said, “And in the fourth generation they shall come hither again” (Genesis 15:16).",
+ "Also he used to say that there are five things that last twelve months:The judgment of the generation of the flood [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Job [continued] twelve months; The judgment of the Egyptians [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Gog and Magog in the time to come [will continue] twelve months; The judgment of the wicked in gehinom [continues] twelve months, for it is said, and “It will be from one month until its [same] month” (Isaiah 66:23). Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: “[As long as] from Passover to Shavuoth, for it is said, “And from one Sabbath until its [next] Sabbath” (ibid.)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[In the case of] all things which cause defilement in a “tent”, if they [the pieces of the corpse] were divided and brought into the house, Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas pronounces [everything under the same roof-space] clean, but the Sages pronounce it unclean. How so? He who touches as much as two halves of an olive [in quantity] of an animal’s carcass or carries them; or in the case of a [human] corpse, he who touches as much as half an olive and stands over as much as half an olive; or touches as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive is above him; or if he stands over as much as two halves of an olive; or if he stands over as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive is above him Rabbi Dosa b. Harkinas pronounces him clean, and the Sages pronounce him unclean. But if he touches as much as half an olive [in quantity] and another thing was over him and over as much as half an olive; or if he stood over as much as half an olive and another thing was over him and over as much as half an olive, he is clean. Rabbi Meir said: “Also in this case Rabbi Dosa pronounces him clean and the sages pronounce him unclean. In all such cases a man is unclean unless there is an act of touching and also an act of carrying, or an act of carrying and also [the fact of] being under the same roof-space.” This is the general rule: in whatever case the means of causing defilement are of one category, he is unclean; if they are of two categories, he is clean.”",
+ "Food which is in separate pieces does not combine together [to receive impurity], according to Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas. But the Sages say: “It does combines together.” One may exchange [ produce of] second tithe for uncoined metal, according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “One may not so exchange it.” The hands [alone] need to be immersed for the waters of purification according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “If his hands have become unclean his whole body becomes unclean.”",
+ "The insides of a melon and the discarded leaves of a vegetable of terumah: Rabbi Dosa permits [their] use to non-priests, and the Sages forbid it. Five ewes, their fleeces weighing each a mina and a half, are subject to [the law of] the first of the fleece, according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “Five ewes [are subject] whatever [their fleeces weigh].”",
+ "All mats are [liable to become] impure by “corpse” impurity, the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “[Also by] “midras” impurity. All network is unsusceptible to impurity except a [network] girdle, the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “They are all liable to uncleanness, except those used by wool dealers [for carrying raw wool].”",
+ "A sling whose pocket is woven is susceptible to impurity. If it is of leather, Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas pronounces it not susceptible to impurity, and the Sages pronounce it susceptible to impurity. If its finger-hold is broken off, it is not susceptible to impurity; [But if the] string-handle [only] is broken off it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A female captive may eat of terumah, according to the words of Rabbi Dosa b. Harkinas. But the Sages say: “There is a female captive who may eat, and there is a female captive who may not eat. How is this so? The woman who said: ‘I was taken captive but [nonetheless] I am pure’, she may eat; because the mouth that forbade is the same mouth that permit. But if there are witnesses [who declare] that she was made a captive, and she says: ‘[nonetheless] I am pure’, she may not eat.”",
+ "Four cases of doubt Rabbi Joshua pronounces impure, and the Sages pronounce them pure. How is this so? If the impure person stands and the pure person passes by him; or if the pure person stands and the impure person passes by him; or if impurity is in the private domain and something pure is in the public domain; Or if something pure is in the private domain and something impure is in the public domain; If it is doubtful [in all of these case] whether one touched or did not touch the other, or if it is doubtful whether one formed a tent over the other or did not form a tent over the other, or if it is doubtful whether one moved or did not move the other Rabbi Joshua pronounces such a case impure, and the Sages pronounce it pure.",
+ "Three things Rabbi Zadok pronounces [liable to receive] impurity and the Sages pronounce them not [liable to receive]: The nail of the money-changer; And the chest of grist makers; And the nail of a stone dial. Rabbi Zadok pronounces [liable to receive] impurity and the Sages pronounce them not [liable to receive].",
+ "Four things Rabban Gamaliel pronounces susceptible to impurity, and the Sages pronounce them not susceptible to impurity.The covering of a metal basket, if it belongs to householders; And the hanger of a strigil; And metals vessels which are still unshaped; And a plate that is divided into two [equal] parts. And the Sages agree with Rabban Gamaliel in the case of a plate that was divided into two parts, one large and one small, that the large one is susceptible to impurity and the small one is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "In three cases Rabban Gamaliel was strict like the words of Beth Shammai.One may not wrap up hot food on a festival for the Sabbath; And one may not join together a lamp on a festival; And one may not bake [on festivals] thick loaves but only wafer-cakes. Rabban Gamaliel said: “In all their days, my father’s house never baked large loaves but only wafer-cakes.” They said to him: “What can we do with regards to your father’s house, for they were strict in respect to themselves but were lenient towards Israel to let them bake both large loaves and even charcoal-roasted loaves.”",
+ "Also he declared three decisions of a lenient character:One may sweep up [on a festival] between the couches, And put spices [on the coals] on a festival; And roast a kid whole on the night of Passover. But the sages forbid them.",
+ "Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allows three things and the Sages forbid them:His cow used to go out with the strap which she had between her horns; One may curry cattle on a festival; And one may grind pepper in its own mill. Rabbi Judah says: one may not curry cattle on a festival, because it may cause a wound, but one may comb them. But the Sages say: one may not curry them, and one may not even comb them."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following cases are [examples] of the lenient rulings of Beth Shammai and of the rigorous rulings of Beth Hillel.An egg which is laid on a festival Beth Shammai says: it may be eaten, and Beth Hillel says: it may not be eaten. Beth Shammai says: yeast as much as an olive [in quantity], and leavened food as much as a date, and Beth Hillel says: as much as an olive [in quantity] in both cases.",
+ "A beast which was born on a festival all agree that it is permitted; and a chicken which was hatched from the egg all agree that it is forbidden. He who slaughters a wild animal or a bird on a festival Beth Shammai says: he may dig with a pronged tool and cover up [the blood] , but Beth Hillel says: he may not slaughter unless he has had earth made ready. But they agree that if he did slaughter he should dig with a pronged tool and cover up [the blood, and] that the ashes of a stove count as being prepared for the holiday.",
+ "Beth Shammai says: [produce pronounced] ownerless with respect to the poor [only] is counted as ownerless. But Beth Hillel says: it is not counted as ownerless unless it is made ownerless also with respect to the rich, as in the year of release (shmittah). If all the sheaves of the field were of one kav each and one was of four kavs, and it was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten.",
+ "A sheaf which was close to a wall or to a stack or to the herd or to [field] utensils, and was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten.",
+ "A vineyard of the fourth year Beth Shammai says: it is not subject to the law of the fifth nor to the law of removal. And Beth Hillel says: it is subject to the law of the fifth and to the law of removal. Beth Shammai says: it is subject to the law of fallen grapes and to the law of gleanings, and the poor redeem them for themselves. And Beth Hillel says: all of it goes to the winepress.",
+ "A barrel of pickled olives: Beth Shammai says: one need not perforate it, And Beth Hillel say: one must perforate it. But they agree that if it was perforated and the dregs stopped it up, it is not liable to receive impurity. One who had anointed himself with clean oil and [then] became unclean, and he went down and immersed himself, Beth Shammai says: although he still drips [oil], it is clean. And Beth Hillel says: [only while there remains] enough for anointing a small limb. And if from the beginning it was unclean oil, Beth Shammai says: [it is unclean as long as there remains] enough for anointing a small limb, And Beth Hillel says: [even if there remains as much] as a moist liquid. Rabbi Judah says in the name of Beth Hillel: [provided it remains] moist [itself] and [can also] moisten [other things].",
+ "A woman is betrothed by a denar or the value of a denar, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: by a perutah or the value of a perutah. And how much is a perutah? One-eighth of an Italian issar. Beth Shammai says: one may dismiss his wife with an old bill of divorcement, But Beth Hillel forbids it. What is an old bill of divorcement? Whenever he was secluded with her after he has written it for her. One who divorces his wife and she [afterwards] spends a night with him at the [same] inn: Beth Shammai says: she does not require a second bill of divorcement from him. But Beth Hillel says: she requires a second bill of divorcement from him. When [does she require a second bill of divorcement]? When she was divorced after marriage. But if she was divorced after betrothal she does not require from him a second bill of divorcement, since he is not [yet] familiar with her.",
+ "Beth Shammai permits the rival wives [of a deceased brother to be married] to the [surviving] brothers; But Beth Hillel forbids them. If they have performed halitzah, Beth Shammai pronounce them unfit to [marry into] the priesthood, But Beth Hillel pronounced them fit. If they have married their brother-in-law, Beth Shammai pronounce them fit [to marry into the priesthood], But Beth Hillel pronounced them unfit. And although these pronounce unfit and these pronounce fit, Beth Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from [the daughters of] Beth Hillel, nor did Beth Hillel refrain from marrying women from [the daughters of] Beth Shammai. And in the case of all matters of purity and impurity in respect to which these pronounce pure and these pronounce impure, they did not refrain from preparing foods requiring a condition of purity each by means of [the vessels of] the other.",
+ "[In the case of] three brothers, of whom two were married to two sisters and one was unmarried, if one of the husbands of the sisters died and the unmarried one betrothed her (maamar), and afterwards his other brother died, Beth Shammai says: his wife remains with him, and the other [widow] is released on the grounds of [the law forbidding] the wife’s sister. But Beth Hillel says: he should put away his wife with a get and halitzah, and the wife of his brother [he should put away] with halitzah. This is the case of which they said: woe to him because of his wife, and woe to him because of his brother’s wife!",
+ "One who takes a vow not to have intercourse with his wife: Beth Shammai says: [after] two weeks [he must divorce her and pay her kethubah], And Beth Hillel say: after one week. A woman has a miscarriage on the eve of the eighty first [day]: Beth Shammai exempt her from bringing the offering, And Beth Hillel do not exempt her. [With regards to the rules of] tzitzit (fringes) on linen sheet: Beth Shammai exempts, And Beth Hillel does not exempt. A basket of [fruit set aside for] the Sabbath: Beth Shammai exempts it [from tithes]. And Beth Hillel does not exempt it.",
+ "One who vowed [to keep] a longer naziriteship [than ordinary] and he completed his naziriteship and afterwards came to the [holy] land: Beth Shammai says: [he must be] a nazirite [only] thirty days, But Beth Hillel says: [he must be] a nazirite [the full time vowed as] in the beginning. One who has two groups of witnesses who testify about him, these testifying that he vowed two naziriteships and these testifying that he vowed five: Beth Shammai says: their testimony is divided, and there is no [obligation to perform] naziriteship. But Beth Hillel says: within the five, two are included, so that he must be a nazirite twice.",
+ "A man who was set beneath the gap: Beth Shammai says: he does not cause the impurity to pass over. But Beth Hillel says: a man is hollow, and the upper side causes the impurity to pass over."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Judah says: there are six instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and stringent rulings by Beth Hillel.The blood of a carcass: Beth Shammai pronounces it clean, And Beth Hillel pronounces it unclean. An egg found in a [bird’s] carcass: if the like of it were sold in the market, it is permitted, and if not, it is forbidden, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. And Beth Hillel forbids it. But they agree in the case of an egg found in a trefa [bird] that it is forbidden since it had its growth in a forbidden condition. 3+4) The blood of a non-Jewish woman and the blood of purity of a leprous woman: Beth Shammai pronounces clean; And Beth Hillel says: [it is] like her spittle and her urine. One may eat fruits of the seventh year with an expression of thanks and without an expression of thanks [to the owner of the field], according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: one may not eat with an expression of thanks. Beth Shammai says: a waterskin [is liable to become impure only if it is] tied up and remains unimpaired. And the school of Hillel says: even if it is not tied up.",
+ "Rabbi Yose says: there are six instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and stringent rulings by Beth Hillel.A fowl may be put on a table [together] with cheese but may not be eaten [with it], according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: it may neither be put on [the table together with it] nor eaten [with it]. Olives may be given as terumah for oil and grapes for wine, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: they may not be given. One who sows seed [within] four cubits of a vineyard: Beth Shammai says: he has caused one row [of vines] to be prohibited. But Beth Hillel says: he has caused two rows to be prohibited. Flour paste [flour that had been mixed with boiling water]: Beth Shammai exempts [from the law of hallah]; But Beth Hillel pronounces it liable. One may immerse oneself in a rain-torrent, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai; But Beth Hillel say: one may not immerse oneself [therein]. One who became a proselyte on the eve of Passover: Beth Shammai says: he may immerse himself and eat his Passover sacrifice in the evening. But Beth Hillel says: one who separates himself from uncircumcision is as one who separates himself from the grave.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: there are three instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and strict rulings by Beth Hillel.The book of Ecclesiastes does not defile the hands, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai; But Beth Hillel say: it defiles the hands. Water of purification which has done its duty: Beth Shammai pronounces it pure, But Beth Hillel pronounces it impure. Black cumin: Beth Shammai pronounces it not liable to become impure, But Beth Hillel pronounces it liable to become impure. So, too, with regard to tithes.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: there are two instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and strict rulings by Beth Hillel.The blood of a woman after childbirth who has not immersed herself, Beth Shammai says: [it is] like her spittle and her urine. But Beth Hillel says: it causes impurity whether wet or dry. However, they agree in the case of the blood of a woman who gave birth when she had non-menstrual discharge, that it causes defilement whether wet or dry.",
+ "[In the case of] four brothers of whom two were married to two sisters, if those married to the sisters died, behold, these should perform halitzah and not enter into levirate marriage (with the brothers-in-law). If they went ahead and married them, they must put them away (divorce them). Rabbi Eliezer says in the name of Beth Shammai: they may keep them. But Beth Hillel say: they must put them away.",
+ "Akavia ben Mahalalel testified concerning four things. They said to him: Akavia, retract these four things which you say, and we will make you the head of the court in Israel. He said to them: it is better for me to be called a fool all my days than that I should become [even] for one hour a wicked man before God; So they shouldn’t say: “he withdrew his opinions for the sake of power.” He used to pronounce impure the hair which has been left over [in leprosy], And green (yellow) blood (of vaginal discharge); But the Sages declared them clean. He used to permit the wool of a first-born animal which was blemished and which had fallen out and had been put in a niche, the first-born being slaughtered afterwards; But the sages forbid it. He used to say: a woman proselyte and a freed slave-woman are not made to drink of the bitter waters. But the Sages say: they are made to drink. They said to him: it happened in the case of Karkemith, a freed slave-woman who was in Jerusalem, that Shemaiah and Avtalion made her drink. He said to them: they made her drink an example (and not the real water). Whereupon they excommunicated him; and he died while he was under excommunication, and the court stoned his coffin. Rabbi Judah said: God forbid [that one should say] that Akavia was excommunicated; for the courtyard is never locked for any man in Israel who was equal to Avavia ben Mahalalel in wisdom and the fear of sin. But whom did they excommunicate? Eliezer the son of Hanoch who cast doubt against the laws concerning the purifying of the hands. And when he died the court sent and laid a stone on his coffin. This teaches that whoever is excommunicated and dies while under excommunication, his coffin is stoned.",
+ "At the time of his death he said to his son, “Retract the four opinions which I used to declare.” He (the said to him, “Why did not you retract them?” He said to him, “I heard them from the mouth of the many, and they heard [the contrary] from the mouth of the many. I stood fast by the tradition which I heard, and they stood fast by the tradition which they heard. But you have heard [my tradition] from the mouth of a single individual and [their tradition] from the mouth of the many. It is better to leave the opinion of the single individual and to hold by the opinion of the many.” He said to him, “Father commend me to your colleagues.” He said to him, “I will not commend you.” He said to him, “Have you found in me any wrong?” He said, “No; your own deeds will cause you to be near, and your own deeds will cause you to be far.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Judah ben Bava testified concerning five things:That women who are minors are made to declare an annulment of their marriage; That a woman is allowed to re-marry on the evidence of one witness; That a rooster was stoned in Jerusalem because it had killed a human being; And about wine forty days old, that it was used as a libation on the altar; And about the morning tamid offering, that it is offered at the fourth hour.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Nehunia ben Elinathan, a man of Kefar Habavli, testified concerning a limb [separated] from a corpse that it is impure; whereas Rabbi Eliezer says: they declared [this] only of a limb from a living [man]. They said to him: is not there an inference from the minor to the major (kal vehomer): If in the case of a living man [who is himself pure] a limb severed from him is impure, how much more in the case of a corpse [which is itself impure] should a limb severed from it be impure! He said to them: they have [nevertheless] declared it only of a limb from a living man. Another answer: The impurity of living men is greater than the impurity of corpses, because a living man causes that on which he lies and sits to become capable of making impure a man and clothing, and [he causes also] what is over him to transfer impurity to foods and liquids- which is defilement that a corpse does not cause.",
+ "1) An olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man: 1) Rabbi Eliezer pronounces impure and Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Nehunia pronounce pure. a) A barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man, b) Rabbi Nehunia pronounces impure and Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua pronounce pure. 2) They said to Rabbi Eliezer: what reason have you found for pronouncing impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man? 1) He said to them: we find that a limb from a living man is like an entire corpse; just as in the case of a corpse, an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it is impure, so also in the case of a limb from a living man an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it must be impure. 2) They said to him: No! When you pronounce impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a corpse, it is because you have pronounced impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it. But how can you also pronounce impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man, seeing that you have pronounced pure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it? 3) They said to Rabbi Nehunia: what reason have you found for pronouncing impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man? 1) He said to them: we find that a limb from a living man is like an entire corpse; just as in the case of a corpse, a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it is impure, so also in the case of a limb from a living man, a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it must be impure. 2) They said to him: No! When you pronounce impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a corpse, it is because you have pronounced impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it. But how can you also pronounce impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man, seeing that you have pronounced pure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it? 1) They said to Rabbi Eliezer: what reason have you found for dividing your standards? Either pronounce them both impure, or pronounce them both pure! 1) He said to them: greater is the impurity of flesh than the impurity of bones, for the defilement of flesh applies both to (animal) carcasses and to creeping things, but it is not so in the case of bones. Another answer: a limb which has on it the proper quantity of flesh causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); if the flesh is diminished it is still impure, while if the bone is diminished it is pure. They said to Rabbi Nehunia: what reason have you found for dividing your standards? Either pronounce them both impure, or pronounce them both pure! He said to them: greater is the impurity of bones than the impurity of flesh, for flesh severed from a living man is pure, whereas a limb severed from him, while in its natural condition, is impure. Another answer: an olive’s quantity of flesh (from a corpse) causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); and a majority of a corpse’s bones causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); if the flesh is diminished it is pure, but if a majority of the bones is diminished, although it does not cause impurity by being under the same roof-space, it yet causes defilement by touching and by carrying.Another answer: any flesh of a corpse less than an olive’s quantity is pure, but bones forming the greater portion of the body’ build or the greater portion of the number of the corpse’s bones, even though they do not fill a quarter-kav are yet impure. They said to Rabbi Joshua: what reason have you found for pronouncing them both pure? He said to them: No! When you pronounce impure in the case of a corpse, it is because the rules of “majority”, “quarter-kav”, and “decayed matter” apply to it. But how can you say the same of a living man, seeing that the rules of “majority”, “quarter-kav”, and “decayed matter” do not apply to him?"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Zadok testified concerning the redemption (lamb) of a firstborn donkey, that if it died, the priest receives nothing, Whereas Rabbi Eliezer says: the owner must bear the responsibility as with the five selas [in the case] of a [firstborn] son. But the Sages say: he bears no responsibility any more than in the case of the redemption of second tithes.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning brine of unclean locusts that it is clean, Whereas the first mishnah [said]: unclean locusts that have been preserved together with clean locusts do not make their brine unfit.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning flowing water which exceeded in quantity dripping water; that it was valid. There was such a case at Birath Hapilya, and when the case came before the Sages they declared it valid.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning flowing water which was made to run in a stream through nut-leaves, that it was valid. There was such a case at Ahaliyya, and when the case came before [the Sages in] the Chamber of Hewn Stone they declared it valid.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Yakim, a man of Hadar, testified concerning a jar of ashes of a red heifer which was put over a creeping thing, that they were unclean. Whereas Rabbi Eliezer had pronounced them clean. Rabbi Papias testified concerning one who had vowed two naziriteships, that if he cut his hair after the first one on the thirtieth day, he could cut his hair after the second one on the sixtieth day; and if he cut his hair on the fifty-ninth day he has also fulfilled his duty, for the thirtieth day counts towards the required number.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Papias testified concerning the offspring of a peace-offering, that it can be brought as a peace-offering, whereas Rabbi Eliezer says that the offspring of a peace-offering cannot be brought as a peace-offering. But the sages say: it can be brought. Rabbi Papias said: “I testify that we had a cow, which was a peace-offering, and we ate it at Passover, and its offspring we ate as a peace-offering at the [next] festival.",
+ "They testified concerning the boards of bakers, that they are impure (they can receive impurity), whereas Rabbi Eliezer declares them pure (unable to receive impurity). They testified concerning an oven which was cut into rings and sand was put between the rings that it is impure (can receive impurity), whereas Rabbi Eliezer declares it pure (unable to receive impurity). They testified that the year may be intercalated throughout the whole of Adar, whereas they used to say: only until Purim. They testified that the year may be intercalated conditionally. There was such a case with Rabban Gamaliel who went to receive permission from the governor in Syria and he delayed in coming back; and they intercalated the year on condition that rabban gamaliel should approve; and when he came back he said: I approve, and the year was intercalated.",
+ "Menahem ben Signai testified concerning the ledge attached to an olive-boiler’s cauldron, that it is [liable to become] impure; and concerning that of dyers, that it is not [liable to become] impure, whereas they used to say the reverse.",
+ "Rabbi Nehunia ben Gudgada testified concerning a deaf-mute whose father had given her in marriage, that she could be sent away with a bill of divorcement; And concerning a minor, daughter of an Israelite who married a priest, that she could eat terumah, and if she died her husband inherited from her; And concerning a stolen beam that had been built into a palace, that it might be restored by the payment of its value; And concerning a sin-offering that had been stolen, and this was not known to many, that it caused atonement because of the welfare of the altar."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Joshua ben. Bathyra testified concerning the blood of carcasses that it was pure. Rabbi Shimon ben Bathyra testified concerning the ashes of purification, that if a defiled person had touched part of them he had defiled the whole of them. Rabbi Akiva added in regard to the fine flour, the incense, the frankincense, and the coals, that if a tevul yom had touched part of them he had made the whole of them unfit.",
+ "Rabbi Judah ben Baba and Rabbi Judah the priest testified concerning a minor, the daughter of an Israelite who married a priest, that she could eat terumah as soon as she entered the bridal chamber even though she had not engaged in marital intercourse. Rabbi Yose the priest and Rabbi Zechariah ben Hakatzav testified concerning a young girl who had been taken as collateral (by gentiles) in Ashkelon, and that her family had distanced her, even though her witnesses testified that she had not secluded herself [with any Man] and that she had not been defiled. The Sages said to them: if you believe that she had been taken as collateral, believe also that she did not seclude herself [with any man] and that she was not defiled; and if you do not believe that she did not seclude herself and that she was not defiled, neither believe that she had been taken as collateral.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra testified concerning the widow of [a man belonging to] a family of doubtful lineage (an issa), that she was fit to marry into the priesthood, [And that those of] a family of doubtful lineage are fit to declare who was unclean and who clean, who was to be put away and who was to be brought near. Rabban Gamaliel said: we accept your testimony, but what can we do since Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai ordained that courts should not be commissioned for this purpose? The priests would listen to you concerning those who might be put away, but not concerning those who might be brought near!",
+ "Rabbi Yose ben Yoezer, a man of Zereda, testified concerning the ayal-locust, that it is pure; And concerning liquid in the slaughter-house (of the Temple), that it is pure; And that one who touches a corpse is impure. And they called him “Yose the permitter”.",
+ "Rabbi Akiva testified in the name of Nehemiah, a man of Beth Deli, that a woman is allowed to remarry on the evidence of one witness. Rabbi Joshua testified concerning bones found in the wood-shed that the Sages said: one may gather them, bone by bone, and they are all clean.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer said: I have heard that when they were building the Temple [complex] they made curtains for the Temple and curtains for the Temple-courts; but in the case of the Temple they built from the outside, and in the case of the Temple-court they built from the inside. Rabbi Joshua said: I have heard that sacrifices may be offered even though there is no Temple, and that the most holy sacrifices may be eaten even though there are no curtains, and the less holy sacrifices and second tithes even though there is no wall [around Jerusalem]; because the first sanctification sanctified both for its own time and for the time to come.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua said: I have received a tradition from Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, who heard it from his teacher, and his teacher [heard it] from his teacher, as a halakhah [given] to Moses from Sinai, that Elijah will not come to pronounce unclean or to pronounce clean, to put away or to bring near, but to put away those brought near by force and to bring near those put away by force. The family of Beth Tzriphah was on the other side of the Jordan and Ben Zion put it away by force; and yet another family was there, and Ben Zion brought it near by force. It is such as these that Elijah will come to pronounce unclean or to pronounce clean, to put away or to bring near. Rabbi Judah says: to bring near, but not to put away. Rabbi Shimon says: to conciliate disputes. And the Sages say: neither to put away nor to bring near, but to make peace in the world, for it is said, “Behold I send to you Elijah the prophet”, etc., “and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children and the heart of the children to their fathers” (Malachi 3:23-2."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3283521ab7af9ea714cdb36ef120be59d9a049f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Shammai says: All women are judged [impure] from the time [they discover that their period has begun]; Hillel says: From the time of [one] examination [to the next] examination, even if [that spans] many days. But the Sages say: Not like the words of [Shammai] and not like the words of [Hillel]; rather, [she is judged impure] from the [day preceding the discovery] if this is less than [the span] between the last examination and the current examination; [she is judged impure] from [the span] between the last examination and the current examination if this is less than [a day preceding the discovery]. [For] all women who have regular periods, the usual onset time of her period is sufficient [to be judged impure]. Using cloth [to clean herself after sexual relations] is considered an examination, and [this act] lessens [either] the preceding day's span or [the span] between the last examination and the current examination.",
+ "Shammai says: [Dough] greater than a kav [a measure] [is obligated] in [the law of] challah [setting aside a portion of dough for the priests]. Hillel says: From two kabbim. The Sages say: Not like the words of [Shammai] and not like the words of [Hillel]; rather, one and a half kav is obligated in challah. After they made the measures larger they said: Five quarters are obligated. Rabbi Yossi says: Five are not obligated; five and more are obligated.",
+ "Hillel says: A full hin [a measure equal to three kabin] of drawn water renders a ritual bath unfit. One is obligated to transmit [oral traditions] in the language of his master [which explains why Hillel talks of hin and not kav units]. Shammai says: Nine kabin. But the Sages said: Not like the words of [Hillel] and not like the words of [Shammai], until two water drawers came from the dung gate in Jerusalem and testified in the names of Shama'ya and Avtalion: Three logim [a measure equal to a quarter of a hin] of drawn water render a ritual bath unfit; and the Sages upheld [Shama'ya and Avtalion's] words.",
+ "Why are the opinions of Hillel and Shammai recorded [only] to be nullified? To teach the generations that one should not be insistent in his/her opinions, for the fathers of the world were not insistent in their opinions.",
+ "And why do we record the words of an individual among the many, when the law is [according to] the words of the many? Because if the court sees [fit] the words of the individual, it may rely on them. But a court is not able to nullify the words of a fellow court unless they are greater in wisdom and number [than the fellow court]. If they are greater in wisdom but not number, or in number but not in wisdom, they are not able to nullify its words until they become greater in wisdom and number.",
+ "Rabbi Yehudah said: \"If so, why do we record the words of an individual among the majority [only] to be nullified? For if a person says \"Thus I have received [the law],\" another will say to him \"You heard it according to the words of So-and-So.\"",
+ "Beit Shammai says: \"A quarter of bones from any bones, whether from two or from three [limbs can render things under its same roof-space impure].\" Beit Hillel says: \"A quarter of bones from the corpse, whether from the [bones that constitute the main] structure [of the body] or from the [total] number [of bones of the body]. Shammai says: \"Even from one bone.\"",
+ "Vetches of terumah [the portion given to the priest]: Beit Shammai says: They must be soaked and rubbed in purity, but can be given for food in impurity.” And Beit Hillel says: They must be soaked in purity, but can be rubbed and given for food in impurity. Shammai says: They must be eaten dry. Rabbi Akiva says: All actions in connection with them [can be carried out] in impurity. ",
+ "One who exchanges [copper] coins from second tithe for a sela [a silver coin]: Beit Shammai says: Copper coins [worth] a whole sela. And Beit Hillel says: Silver [worth] one shekel [a coin worth half a sela] and copper coins [worth] one shekel. Rabbi Meir says: One may not substitute silver and produce for silver. But the Sages allow it. ",
+ "One who exchanges a sela from second tithe in Jerusalem:Beit Shammai says: Copper coins [worth] the whole sela. And Beit Hillel says: Silver [worth] one shekel and copper coins [worth] one shekel. The disputants before the Sages say: Silver [worth] three dinarim [a coin worth one-fourth of a sela] and copper coins [worth] one dinar. Rabbi Akiva says: Silver [worth] three dinarim and for the [leftover] fourth, copper coins. And Rabbi Tarfon says: Four silver asperim [a coin worth one-fifth of a dinar] [and the remaining fifth in copper]. Shammai says: He must leave it in the shop and eat on its credit. ",
+ "A bride’s chair from which the covering-boards have been taken: Beit Shammai considers it [liable to become] impure, and Beit Hillel [does not] consider it [liable to become] impure. Shammai says: Even the framework of a stool is [liable to become] impure. A stool which has been set in a [kneading] trough: Beit Shammai considers it [liable to become] impure, and Beit Hillel [does not] consider it [liable to become] impure. Shammai says: Even one made in it [is liable to become impure]. ",
+ "These are the matters concerning whichBeit Hillel went back and taught according to the opinion of Beit Shammai: A woman who came from overseas and said: \"My husband died,\" she may marry again; \"My husband died [without children],\" she must undergo levirate marriage. But Beit Hillel says: We have heard so only in [the case of a woman] who came from the harvesting. Beit Shammai said to them: It is the same thing in the case of [a woman] who came from the harvesting or [a woman] who came from the olive-picking or [a woman] who came from overseas; they mentioned harvesting only because that is how it happened. [Then] Beit Hillel went back and taught according to Beit Shammai. Beit Shammai says: She may be married and take her ketubah [marriage document] payment. But Beit Hillel says: She may be married, but she may not take her ketubah payment. Beit Shammai said to them: You have permitted the graver matter of a forbidden relationship, [but] you will not permit the lighter matter of property?Beit Hillel said to them: We have found that brothers do not enter into their inheritance based on her statement. Beit Shammai said to them: Do we not learn it from her ketubah scroll in which he writes to her: \"That if you be married to another you shall take what is written for you?\" [Then] Beit Hillel went back and taught according to the opinion of Beit Shammai. ",
+ "One who is half a slave and half a free man should work one day for his master and one day for himself, [according to] the words of Beit Hillel. Beit Shammai said to them: You have fixed [the problem] for his master, but you have not fixed [the problem] for himself. He is not able to marry a slave-woman, nor is he able [to marry] a free woman. Is he to refrain [from marrying]? But wasn't the world created for people to be fruitful and to multiply? For it is said, \"He did not create it to be an empty place; but established it to be inhabited\" (Isaiah 45:18). But for the rightful ordering of the world they force his master to free him, and he writes out a document for half his value. [Then] Beit Hillel went back and taught according to Beit Shammai. ",
+ "A vessel of earthenware [with a lid] protects everything [in it from contracting impurity], according to the words of Beit Hillel. But Beit Shammai says: It protects only food and liquids and [other] vessels of earthenware. Beit Hillel said to them: Why? Beit Shammai said to them: Because [the vessel of earthenware] is [itself] impure with respect to an ignoramus [who has presumably touched the vessel, rendering it impure], and no impure vessel interposes [against impurity]. Beit Hillel said to them: But did you not declare pure the food and liquids inside it? Beit Shammai said to them: When we declared pure the food and liquids inside it, we declared them pure for [the ignoramus] only, but when you declared the vessel pure you declared it pure for yourself and for him. [Then]Beit Hillel went back and taught according to the opinion of Beit Shammai. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Hanina, vice-chief of the priests, testified concerning four matters: Through all their days the priests never refrained from burning meat which had been defiled by an \"offspring\" of impurity with meat which had been made impure by a \"father\" of impurity, even though they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity. Rabbi Akiva added: Through all their days the priests never refrained from lighting oil which had been disqualified by a tevul yom [one who has already immersed in a ritual bath but is waiting for the sun to set to become fully pure] in a lamp defiled by one who was defiled by a corpse, even though they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity. ",
+ "Rabbi Hanina, vice-chief of the priests, said: All my days I never saw a hide taken out to the place of burning. Rabbi Akiva said: From his words we infer that whoever flays the hide of the firstborn [animal] and [the animal] is found to be torn apart, the priests may enjoy the use of the hide. But the Sages say: \"We didn’t see\" is not a proof; rather, [the hide must be] taken out to the place of burning. ",
+ "He also testified concerning a village which was next to Jerusalem, where there was an old man who used to lend to all the people of the village and write out [the loan documents] in his own handwriting [but] others signed it. And when the case came before the Sages, they permitted it. In your way, you may infer that a wife may write her own bill of divorce, and a husband may write his own receipt, for the document is only upheld by those who sign it. And concerning a needle which was found in flesh of a [sacrifice]: that the knife and the hands [which had touched the flesh] are pure, but the flesh itself is impure; and if it was found in the excrement, all are pure. ",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael said three things before the Sages in the vineyard at Yavneh: Concerning an egg which was beaten and placed on vegetables of terumah [the portion given to the priest]: that it acts as a connection; but if it was in the form of a helmet [i.e. a more substantial covering over the vegetables], it does not act as a connection. And concerning an ear of grain in the harvesting, the top of which reached the [adjacent] standing grain [when bent]: that if it can be reaped together with the standing grain, it belongs to the owner; and if not, it belongs to the poor. And concerning a small garden which was surrounded by a row of vines: that if it has space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on [one] side and space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on [the other] side, it may be sown with seed; but if not, it may not be sown with seed. ",
+ "They said three things in front of Rabbi Yishmael, and he did not say [whether] any of them [were] permitted or forbidden; and Rabbi Joshua the son of Matya explained them: One who lances an abscess on Shabbat: if it was to make an opening, he is liable; if it was to bring out the pus, he is exempt. And concerning one who hunts a snake on Shabbat: if he was occupied with it so that it should not bite him, he is exempt; but if [he was occupied with it] so that he might use it for medicine, he is liable. And concerning Ironian stewpots [clay pots made by villagers by forming a hollow sphere and breaking it in half]: that they do not contract impurity when under the same tent as a corpse, but they become impure if they are carried by a zav [one with an abnormal genital discharge]. Rabbi Eliezer the son of Zadok says: Even if they are carried by a zav they remain pure, because they are unfinished. ",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael said three things, and Rabbi Akiva disagreed with him: Garlic or unripe grapes or green ears of grain which were being crushed [on the eve of the Sabbath] while it is yet day, Rabbi Yishmael says: He may finish crushing after it grows dark. But Rabbi Akiva says: He may not finish. ",
+ "Three things were said before Rabbi Akiva, two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer and one in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua. The two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer: A woman can go out [on the Sabbath] with a \"city of gold\" [a special, expensive headband], and those who race doves are invalid to testify. The one in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: If there is a vermin in the mouth of a weasel and it is walking on top of loaves of terumah bread and it is unclear if it touched [the bread] or not, it is still pure. ",
+ "Rabbi Akiva said three things; about two they agreed with him, and about one they disagreed with him: About a lime-burner’s sandal, that it is liable to contract midras impurity [an impurity imparted by a zav on things upon which one normally walks]. And about the remains of a [broken] oven, [that they must be] four [handbreadths in order to retain impurity], whereas they used to say [the remains must be] three [handbreadths]. And they agreed with him. And about one they disagreed with him: About a chair, from which two of its adjacent covering-boards had been removed, which Rabbi Akiva declared [susceptible to] impurity, but the Sages declared not [susceptible to] impurity. ",
+ "He used to say: the father transmits to the son beauty, strength, wealth, wisdom, and years. And the number of generations before Him, and that shall be their appointed end: For it is said, \"calling the generations from the beginning\" (Isaiah 41:4). Although it is said, \"And shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years\" (Genesis 15:13), it is also said, \"And in the fourth generation they shall return again\" (Genesis 15:16). ",
+ "He also used to say that there are five things that [last] twelve months: The judgment of the generation of the flood, twelve months; The judgment of Job, twelve months; The judgment of the Egyptians, twelve months; The judgment of Gog and Magog in the time to come, twelve months; The judgment of the wicked in hell, twelve months, for it is said, \"And it will be from [one] month until the [next appearance of the same] month\" (Isaiah 66:23). Rabbi Yohanan the son of Nuri says: From Passover to Shavuot, for it is said, \"And from one sabbath until the [next] sabbath\" (ibid.). "
+ ],
+ [
+ "All things that defile in a tent [i.e. anything that defiles that which is under its same roof-space], if [the pieces of the corpse] were divided and brought into the house: Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares everything under the same roof-space] pure, but the Sages [declare it] impure. How so [i.e. what are they]? He who touches as much as two halves of an olive [in quantity] of an animal’s carcass or carries them; or in the case of a [human] corpse, he who touches as much as half an olive (and forms a tent over [i.e. stands over] as much as half an olive; or touches as much as half an olive) and as much as half an olive forms a tent above him; or if he forms a tent over as much as two halves of an olive; or if he forms a tent over as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive forms a tent above him: Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares him] clean, and the Sages [declare him] unclean. But if he touches as much as half an olive [in quantity] and another thing forms a tent over him [that is] over as much as half an olive; (or if he forms a tent over as much as half an olive and another thing forms a tent over him and over as much as half an olive), [he is] clean [according to both Rabbi Dosa and the Sages]. Rabbi Meir said: Even in this case Rabbi Dosa [declares him] clean and the Sages [declare him] unclean. In all such cases [he is] unclean, unless there is an act of touching and also an act of carrying, or an act of carrying and also [the state of] being under the same tent. This is the general rule: [If in] whatever [case], [the means of transmitting impurity] are of one name [i.e. category], [he is] impure; if they are of two names, [he is] pure. ",
+ "Food [in] separate [pieces] does not combine [together to contract impurity]: the words of Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas. And the Sages say: It does combine. [One may] exchange [produce from] the second tithe for uncoined metal: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [One may] not exchange. Hands [alone must be] immersed in order to [touch] the sin-cleansing [water]: These are the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: If his hands have become impure, his body [also] becomes impure.",
+ "The inside of a melon and the leaves of a vegetable [reserved] for terumah [the portion given to the priest]: Rabbi Dosa permits them to outsiders [i.e. non-priests], but the Sages forbid it. Five ewes, their fleeces [each] weighing a maneh [a measure] and a half, are obligated in [the law pertaining to] the first of the fleece: the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say five ewes, whatever [their fleeces weigh]. ",
+ "All kinds of mattings [can become] impure through the impurity of death [i.e. contact with a corpse]: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [Also through] midras [an impurity imparted by one with an abnormal genital discharge on things upon which one normally walks]. All things made of nets are pure, except for a girdle: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [They] all [can become] impure, except those [nettings used by] wool-dealers.",
+ "A sling, the receptacle of which is made of woven material, can become impure. [If it is made] of skin, Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares it] pure, and the Sages [declare it can become] impure. If its finger-hold was cut off, it is pure. [If its] string-handle [is cut off], it [can become] impure.",
+ "The female captive [presumably the wife or daughter of a priest] may eat terumah. These are the words of Rabbi Dosa. The Sages say: There are female captives who eat [terumah], and there are female captives who do not eat [terumah]. How so [i.e. who are they]? The woman who said, \"I was captured, but I am pure [i.e. I was not raped],\" may eat (because the mouth that forbade is the [same] mouth that permitted). If there were witnesses when she was captured and she says, \"I am pure,\" then she may not eat [terumah].",
+ "There are four [cases of] doubt [that] Rabbi Joshua [declares] impure, but the Sages [declare] pure. How so [i.e. what are they]? The impure stands and the pure passes by; the pure stands and the impure passes by; the impure is in the domain of the individual [i.e. private] and the pure is in the domain of the public; the pure is in the domain of the individual and the impure is in the domain of the public. [If there is] doubt [regarding whether one] touched or did not touch [the other], [or] there is doubt [regarding whether one] formed or did not form a tent over [the other], [or] there is doubt [regarding whether one] moved or did not move [the other]: Rabbi Joshua [declares these] impure, and the Sages [declare these] pure. ",
+ "Three things Rabbi Tzadok [declares able to become] impure, and the Sages [declare] pure: the nail of a money-changer, the closet of grinders, and the nail of a stone sundial. Rabbi Tzadok [declares that these can become] impure, and the Sages [declare these] pure. ",
+ "Four things Rabban Gamliel [declares able to become] impure, and the Sages [declare] pure: the covering of a metal basket, [if it] belongs to home-owners, the hanger of a strigil, unformed metal vessels, and a [clay] plate split in two [equal parts]. The Sages admit to Rabban Gamliel regarding a [clay] plate split in two [parts if] one [part was] big and one [part was] small. The bigger one [can become] impure, and the smaller one [is] pure.",
+ "[In] three things Rabban Gamliel was stringent like the words of Beit Shammai: [one may] not [keep] hot food insulated on a festival for the Sabbath, and [one may] not put together a lamp on the festival, and [one may] not bake thick loaves, only thin loaves [on a festival]. Said Rabban Gamliel: During all their days, my father's house would not bake thick loaves, only thin loaves. They said to him: What can we do about your father's house, who were stringent regarding themselves but were lenient regarding Israel to [allow] baking of thick loaves and [even] loaves on coal.",
+ "He [Rabban Gamliel] also declared three things leniently: [one can] sweep between couches [on a Sabbath/festival], and place spices [to roast] on a festival, and roast a [whole] kid during the night of Passover. And the Sages forbade them.",
+ "Three things Rabbi Elazar the son of Azariah permits, and the Sages forbid: his cow would go out with the strap that was between her horns [on a Sabbath], [one may] rigorously groom cattle on a festival, and [one may] grind pepper in its own mill [on a Sabbath/festival]. Rabbi Yehudah said: One may not rigorously groom cattle on the festival, because it creates a bruise, but one may lightly groom them. And the Sages say: One may not rigorously groom nor lightly groom [cattle]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following are instances where Beit Shammai is more lenient and Beit Hillel is more strict: An egg which was laid on a festival, Beit Shammai says: It may be eaten. And Beit Hillel says: It may not be eaten. Beit Shammai says: [A person is liable for a violation of Passover eating prohibitions] with an olive-sized [portion] of yeast and a date-sized [portion] of leavened product. Beit Hillel says: With an olive-sized portion [each] of [yeast] and [leavened product].",
+ "(An animal that was born on a festival, everyone agrees that it is permitted [for eating on that day]. [However], a hatched chicken from an egg, all agree that it is forbidden to eat [on that day]). One who slaughters a wild animal or a bird on a festival, Beit Shammai says: He can dig with a spade and cover [the blood]. Beit Hillel says: One may not slaughter unless he had dirt already prepared [from before the festival]. Both agree that if he slaughtered it [and realized afterwards that he did not have dirt prepared], he may dig with a spade and cover [the blood], and that ash from the oven is considered prepared [from before the festival and is thus permitted to use on a festival].",
+ "Beit Shammai says: [That which was made] ownerless for [only] the poor is [considered] ownerless. Beit Hillel says: It is not [considered] ownerless until he also makes it ownerless for the rich, like in shemittah [the septennial \"year of release\" during which all produce is considered ownerless for everyone]. [If] all the sheaves of the field were just one kav [a measure], and one was of four kabin and it was forgotten, Beit Shammai says: It is not [considered] forgotten. And Beit Hillel says: It is [considered] forgotten.",
+ "A sheaf that is close to a wall, or to a stack, or to the herd, or to vessels, and it was forgotten, Beit Shammai says: It is not [considered] forgotten. And Beit Hillel says: It is [considered] forgotten.",
+ "A vineyard in its fourth year [the fruits of which must be brought to and consumed in Jerusalem], Beit Shammai says: [If one wishes to redeem its fruit for money], it is not [required to add] one-fifth [of its value, like it would be for second tithe], nor [is it required] to remove [the fruits of the vineyard before Passover, like it would be for other tithes in the fourth or seventh years of shemittah]. Beit Hillel says: It is [required to add] one-fifth [of its value] and [it is required] to remove [the fruits before Passover]. Beit Shammai says: The [law of] fallen grapes [still applies] to it [where the owner must leave any fallen grapes for the poor] and the [law of] gleanings [still applies] to it [where the owner may not pick the vines bare], and the poor may redeem [the grapes they pick] for themselves. And Beit Hillel says: All of it goes to the winepress [and no grapes need to be reserved for the poor].",
+ "A barrel of pickled olives, Beit Shammai says: One need not poke holes in it [as it is assumed that the oil in the barrel is undesirable, which immunizes the olives from the ritual impurity to which wet food is susceptible]. And Beit Hillel says: He must poke holes in it [to actively demonstrate that the oil in the barrel is undesirable]. They both agree that if it was perforated and the dregs blocked up [the holes], that it is pure [and one need not worry about the olives contracting ritual impurity]. One who anointed with pure oil and became impure, and [with the oil on him] went down [to the ritual bath] and immersed, Beit Shammai says: Even if he is dripping [oil], he is [considered] pure. And Beit Hillel says: [He is considered pure only if the oil on him is just] enough to cover a small limb. If the oil was impure from the start, Beit Shammai says: [He is pure as long as the oil on him is just] enough to cover a small limb. And Beit Hillel says: [He is impure if there is enough oil] as a moist liquid [to moisten whatever is in direct contact with it]. Rabbi Yehudah says in the name of Beit Hillel: [It needs to] moisten [whatever is in direct contact with it] and moisten [another area else as well].",
+ "A woman must be betrothed with a dinar [a coin worth about the same as a day's wages] or a dinar's worth, according to the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel says: With a perutah [a coin worth far less than a dinar] or a perutah's worth. And how much is a perutah? One-eighth of an Italian issar [a copper coin worth 1/24th of a dinar]. Beit Shammai says: One [may] dismiss his wife with an old divorce document, andBeit Hillel forbids it. What is an \"old divorce document?\" [It is a document written by] one who becomes confined with [his wife] after he has written [the document] for her [but has not yet given it to her]. One who divorces his wife, and then sleeps in an inn with her, Beit Shammai says: She does not need a second divorce document from him [i.e. the first divorce remains valid]. And Beit Hillel says: She needs a second divorce document from him. When? At a time when she was divorced from marriage. But if she was [merely] divorced from betrothal, she does not need a second divorce document from him, since his heart has not yet become familiar with her [and, thus, we do not suspect that they would have slept with each other].",
+ "Beit Shammai allow the rival wives [of a deceased brother] to [marry his surviving] brothers, and Beit Hillel forbids it. If they had done chalitzah [the ceremony of release, after which a levirate marriage is no longer required], Beit Shammai invalidate [the rival wives from marrying into] the priesthood. And Beit Hillel validate them. If they had done the levirate marriage, Beit Shammai validate the [rival wives to the priests, should the surviving brothers die as well], and Beit Hillel invalidate them. Even though [one House] invalidated and [the other House] validated, Beit Shammai did not refrain from marrying the women of Beit Hillel, and Beit Hillel did not [refrain] from marrying the women of Beit Shammai. And all the pure and impure that [one House] would declare pure and [the other House] would declare impure, they [still] did not refrain from making [sure] that [the vessels of one House] and [the vessels of the other House would remain] pure [according to both Houses].",
+ "Three brothers: two of them married to two sisters, and one is single. One of the sister's husbands died, and the single [brother] performed maamar [the act of betrothal required before a levirate marriage is consummated], and afterward the second brother died, Beit Shammai says: His [betrothed] wife [stays] with him, and the other [widowed wife] goes free on account of [the law of a] wife's sister [being forbidden]. And Beit Hillel says: He releases his [betrothed] wife with a divorce document and chalitzah, and his [betrothed] wife's sister with [just] chalitzah. This is what they used to say: Woe to him for his wife, and woe to him for his brother's wife.",
+ "If one vows [to abstain from] his wife in sexual intercourse,Beit Shammai says: [After] two weeks [of abstinence his wife may sue him for divorce]. And Beit Hillel says: [After just] one week. One who has a miscarriage on the [eve of the] eighty-first day [after giving birth]: Beit Shammai exempts her from the sacrifice [for the miscarriage], and Beit Hillel obligates her. A linen sheet with fringes: Beit Shammai exempts [the sheet from the law of fringes], and Beit Hillel obligates [in the law of fringes]. A basket [of fruit set aside] for the Sabbath: Beit Shammai exempt it [from tithes if one wishes to snack on it before the Sabbath], and Beit Hillel obligate it.",
+ "One who makes a nazarite vow [for] longer [than thirty days outside of the land of Israel] and he completes his nazarite [days], and afterward comes to the land [of Israel, where he must redo his nazarite vow], Beit Shammai says: he must be a nazarite for thirty days. And Beit Hillel says: He must be a nazarite [for the amount of time he vowed] in the beginning. If someone had two sets of witnesses testify about him, [one set] testifying he vowed two [nazarite vows, each thirty days], and [the other set] testifying he vowed five [nazarite vows, each thirty days], Beit Shammai says: The testimony is divided, and [thus] there is no nazarite [obligation] here. And Beit Hillel says: Included in the [claim of] five [vows] are two [vows], so he must be a nazarite twice.",
+ "A [dead] person who is set under the crack [of a portico], Beit Shammai says: He does not [act as a bridge to] bring the ritual impurity [into the area which is beyond the crack]. And Beit Hillel says: a person is hollow [and it is as if all he has is a head, empty space, and then feet. This results in his head being considered a bridge between the two sides of the crack], and the upper side [i.e. the person's head] brings the ritual impurity [to everything under the portico]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yehudah says: There are six things about which Beit Shammai is more lenient, and Beit Hillel is more stringent. The blood of an [improperly slaughtered] carcass: Beit Shammai declares ritually pure, and Beit Hillel declares ritually impure. The egg of [an improperly slaughtered bird's] carcass: if its like would be sold in the marketplace, it is permitted to eat. If not, it is forbidden, such are the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel forbids it [unequivocally]. They [both] agree that the egg of a treifah [an animal with a wound or illness that will cause it to die within twelve months] is forbidden, because it was grown in a forbidden [animal]. The blood of a gentile woman's [menstruation], and the blood of purity [i.e. blood that flows during the first forty (for a boy) or eighty (for a girl) days following childbirth] of a leprous [Jewish] woman:Beit Shammai declared pure. And Beit Hillel says: It is like their spit and urine [and is therefore impure]. One may eat seventh-year fruits whether with [giving] gratitude [to the owner] or without [giving] gratitude, such are the words of the House of Shammai. And the House of Hillel says: One may not eat them without [giving] gratitude [to the owner]. [Alternatively, the text is \"One may only eat them without giving gratitude to the owner\" since God made the food ownerless, and one should thank Him, not the owner]. A waterskin, Beit Shammai says: [It can become impure] if it is tied up and upright [so it can retain water]. And Beit Hillel says: [It can become impure] even if it is not tied up [as long as it is upright].",
+ "Rabbi Yose says: There are six things about which Beit Shammai was more lenient and Beit Hillel was more stringent. Poultry can be put on the [same] table [as] cheese, but cannot be eaten [with it], such are the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel says: It cannot be put [on the same table], and it cannot be eaten [with it]. One can take terumah [the portion given to the priest] from olives on behalf of oil, and from grapes on behalf of wine, such are the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel says: One does not take terumah [on behalf of oil and wine from their fruits of origin]. One who sows [seeds] within four cubits of a vineyard, Beit Shammai says: One row [of the vineyard that is closest to the area where one sowed the seeds] is rendered prohibited. And Beit Hillel says: Two rows are rendered prohibited. A water-flour mixture: Beit Shammai exempt [from the law of challah, where a portion of dough is set aside for the priest], and Beit Hillel obligate [it]. One may ritually immerse oneself in a waterfall, such are the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel says: One may not immerse oneself [there]. A convert who converts on the eve of Passover [which requires the eating of the Paschal lamb that night, only by those who are ritually pure], Beit Shammai says: He may immerse and eat the Paschal lamb that night. And Beit Hillel says: One who separates from the uncircumcised is like he who separates from the grave [i.e. he must wait seven days before he can immerse in a ritual bath, so he cannot eat the Paschal lamb that night].",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: Three items about which Beit Shammai are more lenient and Beit Hillel are more stringent. The book of Ecclesiastes does not make [a person's] hands ritually impure, such are the words of Beit Shammai. And Beit Hillel says: It [does] make the hands ritually impure. The waters of the [red heifer, biblically referred to as the waters of the] sin-offering, which have fulfilled their duty [by having been sprayed on a person who had come in contact with a dead person]: Beit Shammai declares ritually pure, and Beit Hillel declares ritually impure. Black cumin: Beit Shammai declares ritually pure [as they do not consider it a food], and Beit Hillel declares ritually impure [as they do consider it a food]. And the same [considerations about the black cumin's status as food apply] to [their positions on] tithing [for the black cumin].",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: Two things about which Beit Shammai was more lenient and Beit Hillel was more stringent. The blood of a woman who [had waited the week or two weeks after] giving birth [to a boy or a girl, respectively] who had yet to ritually immerse, Beit Shammai says: It [imparts impurity when it is wet] like her spit and her urine. And Beit Hillel says: It imparts impurity whether [it is] wet or dry. And they agree that if that woman after childbirth was a zavah [a woman with an abnormal genital discharge], [her discharge] would impart impurity whether wet or dry.",
+ "Four brothers, two of whom are married to two sisters, and those two brothers married to the sisters die, the [two surviving brothers] must perform chalitzah [the ceremony of release, after which a Levirate marriage is no longer required] and not [enter into] Levirate marriages. If they went and entered [into Levirate marriages anyway], they must leave [the marriages]. Rabbi Eliezer said in the name of Beit Shammai: [The Levirate marriages] stay upheld. And Beit Hillel says: They must leave [the marriages].",
+ "Akavya the son of Mehalelel testified about four things. They said to him: Akavya, retract the four things you have said and we will make you the head of the court of Israel. He said to them: Better I be called a fool all my days, so long as I do not do wickedness for even a single moment before the Omnipresent, so that they will not say \"he retracted because [he wanted] power.\" He used to declare impure the leftover hair [from leprous skin], and green [or yellow] blood. And the Sages declared [these things] pure. He would permit the [use of] wool that had fallen from a blemished firstborn animal and had been placed in a cavity [for safekeeping] and [the animal] was afterwards slaughtered, but the Sages forbade [the use of the wool]. He would say: One may not make a converted woman nor a freed maidservant drink [from the \"bitter waters\" that were drunk by a woman suspected of adultery as a test]. But the Sages say: [They are] made to drink. They said to him: There was the case of Karkamit, a freed maidservant in Jerusalem, who was made to drink by Shama'ya and Avtalyon! He said to them: They made her drink an \"example\" [i.e. the \"bitter waters\" they made her drink were not authentic]. They excommunicated him, and he died in excommunication, and the Court stoned his coffin. Said Rabbi Yehudah: God-forbid [one should say] that Akavya was excommunicated! For the [Temple] courtyard is never locked for any man of Israel who has wisdom and fear of sin like Akavya the son of Mehalelel [had]. So who did [the Court] excommunicate? It was Elazar the son of Khanoch, who mocked the [laws of] purity of hands. And when he died, the Court went and placed a stone on his coffin, teaching that anyone who was excommunicated and died in excommunication, they \"stone\" his coffin [i.e. they place a stone on his coffin].",
+ "In the hour of [Akavya's] death, he said to his son: My son, retract the four things that I used to say. [His son] said to him: And why did you not retract [these statements]? He said to him: I heard them from the mouths of many people, and they [i.e. the other Sages] heard [the opposite] from the mouths of many people. I stood by what I heard, and they stood by what they heard. But [now], you [only] heard [these things] from the mouth of a single person [i.e. me], and [the opposite] from the mouths of many people. It is better to leave the words of the single person, and to grab hold of the words of the many. [His son] said to him: Father, commend me to your colleagues [either referring to those on earth, or those in heaven]. He said to him: I cannot commend [you]. He said to him: Perhaps you do not find in me worthiness? He said to him: No! Your [own] actions will draw you near, or your [own] actions will distance you."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yehudah the son of Bava testified about five things: [Girls who married as] minors [i.e. under the age of twelve and a half] are forced to do the \"refusal\" [when they come of age and annul their marriage]. A woman may remarry based on one witness [who saw her husband die]. A rooster in Jerusalem was stoned for killing a person. They used forty-day-old wine as libation for the Altar. And the [morning] daily offering was sacrificed at the fourth hour [into the day].",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Nechunya the son of Elinatan, the leader of Kfar Babylon, testified about the limb of a dead person that it is impure [i.e. it imparts impurity to anything under the same roof-space]. Rabbi Eliezer says: They [i.e. the Sages] only said this about a limb taken from a live person. They said to him: Can we not make [a logical inference that supports our view based on what you said]? If a live person is ritually pure, yet the limb from him is impure, is it not [logical to conclude] that [when] a dead person, who is impure, loses a limb, [that limb is also] impure? He said to them: [True, but] they only said [their law] in reference to a limb taken from a live person. Another answer: [There are] more [ways to impart] impurity while alive than while dead, for a live person can make that on which he lies and sits impart impurity to man and clothes, and he renders what is over him a medium that imparts impurity to food and drink, which are not impurities that a corpse can cause. [Thus, the previous logical inference of Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Nechunya does not necessarily stand.]",
+ "An olive's size of flesh that separated from the limb of a living person: Rabbi Eliezer declares impure, and Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Nechunya declare pure. A barley-grain's size of bone that separates from a limb of a living person: Rabbi Nechunya declares impure, and Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua declare pure. They said to Rabbi Eliezer: Why did you see [fit] to declare an olive's worth of flesh that separated from the limb of a living person impure? He said to them: We find that the limb of a living person is like a complete dead person. Just like an olive's size of flesh that separates from a dead person is impure, so too an olive's size of flesh that separated from the limb of a living person is impure. They said to him: No. If you say that an olive's size of flesh that separated from a dead person is impure, as is a barley-grain's size of bone that separates from [a dead person], [how] will you also declare an olive's size of flesh that separated from the limb of a living person impure when you declare pure a barley-grain's size of bone that separates from [the limb of a living person]? [You yourself do not appear to judge these cases as parallel to each other, so how can you claim that to be your reasoning?] They said to Rabbi Nechunya: Why did you see fit to declare a barley-grain's size of bone that separated from the limb of a living person impure? He said to them: We find that the limb of a living person is like a complete dead person. Just like a barley-grain's worth of flesh that separates from a dead person is impure, so too a barley-grain's worth of bone that separated from the limb of a living person is impure. They said to him: No. If you say that a barley-grain's worth of bone that separated from a dead person is impure, as is an olive's size of flesh that separates from [a dead person], [how] will you also declare a barley-grain's size of bone that separated from the limb of a living person impure when you declare pure an olive's worth of flesh that separates from [a living person]? [You yourself do not appear to judge these cases as parallel to each other, so how can you claim that to be your reasoning?] They said to Rabbi Eliezer: Why did you see fit to divide your method [and be inconsistent in your reasoning]? Either they are both pure, or they are both impure! He said to them: [There are] more [chances for] flesh [to become] impure than [there are chances] for bones [to become] impure, for flesh applies to carcasses and insects, which is not so for bones. Another answer: A limb that has enough flesh on it [that were it still attached to a human being, it would be viable] imparts impurity by touching, carrying, and being under its [same] roof-space. If one diminishes the flesh [of the limb], it remains impure. If one diminishes the bone [of the limb], it [becomes] pure. They said to Rabbi Nechunya: Why did you see fit to divide your method [and be inconsistent in your reasoning]? Either they are both pure, or they are both impure! He said to them: [There are] more [chances for] bones [to become] impure than [there are chances] for flesh to become impure, for flesh separated from a living man is pure, but a limb that is separated from [a living man], and it is full [with flesh, bone, and sinews], it is impure. Another answer: An olive's worth of flesh [severed from a corpse] imparts impurity by touching, carrying, and being under its roof-space, and bones create a majority in making impure by touching, carrying, and being under its [same] roof-space, and a majority of a corpse's bones impart impurity by touching, carrying, and being under their [same] roof-space. If one diminishes [the] flesh [that has been severed from a corpse], it [becomes] pure. If one diminishes the majority of bone, even though they [now become] pure [and can no longer impart impurity on whatever is] under their same roof-space, they [still] impart impurity by touching and carrying. Another answer: Any flesh of a dead person which is less than an olive's worth is pure. But [bones that makes up] the majority of a dead person's build or [constitute] a majority of his [bone] count, even if they are only a quarter [kav (a measure)], they are impure. They said to Rabbi Yehoshua: Why did you see fit to declare both [bone and flesh from a dead person] pure? [Is not Rabbi Nechunya's reasoning correct?] He said to them: No. If you say about a corpse [that it is impure, it is because of] the laws of majority, quarter [kav], and decay [that apply to it], but [how can you] also say about a living person [that he is impure], [if] he does not have the laws of majority, quarter [kav], and decay [apply to him]? [You cannot compare that which was separated from a corpse with that which was separated from the limb of a living person, because the limbs severed from a living person are less likely to impart impurity than the corpse.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Tzadok testified about the redemption [sheep] of the first-born donkey, that if it had died, it is no longer the priests at all. But Rabbi Eliezer said that he is obligated in his responsibility [to give the priest the sheep], like [his obligation regarding] the five selaim [silver coins] [with which he redeems] his [first-born] son. The Sages say: He is only obligated in his responsibility in the same way [that he would be obligated] in the redemption of second tithes.",
+ "Rabbi Tzadok testified about the brine of impure locusts, that it is pure. But the first [i.e. earlier] Mishnah stated: If impure locusts were pickled along with pure locusts, their brine is not invalidated [for drinking].",
+ "Rabbi Tzadok testified about flowing water that was more [in quantity] than the dripping water [in a ritual bath], that it was fit [for use, even if the water was less than forty se'im (a measure)]. It happened once in Birat Happiliya, and the case came before the Sages and they declared it fit [for use].",
+ "Rabbi Tzadok testified about flowing water that was diverted into a stream using the leaves of nuts, that it was fit [for use as a ritual bath, even if the water was less than forty se'im]. It once happen in Ahaliya, and the case came before the Chamber of Hewn Stone [i.e. the Sanhedrin], and they declared it fit.",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Yakim, leader of Hadar, testified about an [earthenware] jar that contained [ashes of the red heifer, biblically referred to as] the sin-offering, which was passed over an insect, that it was impure. Rabbi Eliezer declared it pure. Rabbi Pappayis testified about one who vows two Nazarite vows [each thirty days long], that if he cut his hair on the thirtieth day of the first [vow], he could cut his hair on the sixtieth day of the second one. If he had cut his hair on the day before the sixtieth day [i.e. the fifty-ninth day], he [nevertheless] fulfilled his Nazarite vows, because the thirtieth day [when he cut his hair for the first time] counts for him from the count [as both the end of the first vow and the beginning of the second vow].",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Pappayis testified about the offspring of [an animal that was set aside as a] peace-offering, that it was offered as a peace-offering [as well, since it is consecrated through its mother when it was in the womb]. But Rabbi Eliezer says: The offspring of a peace-offering does not [need to be] offered as a peace-offering. Said Rabbi Pappayis: I testify that we had a cow to sacrifice as a peace-offering, and we ate it on Passover, and we ate its offspring as a peace-offering during the holiday [of Shavuot].",
+ "They testified that the boards of bakers are [capable of becoming] impure. But Rabbi Eliezer declared them pure. They testified about an oven that was cut into round pieces, and one puts sand between each piece, that it [was capable of becoming] impure. But Rabbi Eliezer declared it pure. They testified that they could intercalate a year throughout the whole Adar [i.e. they had until the end of Adar to declare a leap year]. For they used to say it was only until Purim. They testified that they could intercalate a year on condition [if the Nasi approved it]. And it once happened to Rabban Gamliel, that he went to take permission from the governor of Syria, and he delayed in coming [back], and they intercalated the year on condition that Rabban Gamliel would acquiesce [to it], and when he came back, he said \"I acquiesce [to it],\" and the year became a leap year. ",
+ "Menachem the son of Signai testified about the [plaster] ledge attached to the olive-boiler's cauldron, that it was [capable of becoming] impure, and [the ledge on the cauldron] of dyers, that it was pure. But they used to say the opposite [was true].",
+ "Rabbi Nechunya the son of Gidgeda testified about the deaf-mute woman whose father had married her off: that she can leave [the marriage] with a divorce document. And about a minor [orphaned] daughter of an Israelite [i.e. a non-priest] who married a priest: that she can eat terumah [the portion given to the priest], and if she dies, her husband inherits [from her]. And about a stolen beam that was built into a palace: that he [i.e. the one who stole the beam] gives its value [in repayment, as opposed to returning the actual beam, which would be impossible in this case]. And about a stolen sin-offering that many did not know about: that it can effect atonement, because of the welfare of the altar [because if it was invalid, then the priests would refuse to sacrifice all their offerings lest they were stolen]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua the son of Beteira testified about the blood of [an improperly slaughtered] carcass that it was pure. Rabbi Shimon the son of Beteira testified about [the ashes of a red heifer, biblically referred to as] the sin-offering, a little of which came in contact with something impure, that it causes the entire [batch of ashes] to become impure. Rabbi Akiva added: About fine flour, the incense, the frankincense, and the coals, a little of which came into contact with a tevul yom [one who has already immersed in a ritual bath but is waiting for the sun to set to become fully pure]: he invalidates them all.",
+ "Rabbi Yehudah the son of Bava and Rabbi Yehudah the Priest testified about a minor daughter of an Israelite [i.e. a non-priest] who married a priest: that she may eat the terumah [the portion given to the priests] as soon as they enter the wedding canopy, even if they have not yet consummated [the marriage]. Rabbi Yosi the Priest and Rabbi Zachariah the son of Haktzav testified about the baby girl who had been taken as collateral in Ashkelon [to gentiles], and her family members distance [themselves from her, thus preventing her from marrying], and witnesses testify that she was never secluded [with the gentiles] and that she was not defiled [by the gentiles]. The Sages said to them: If you believe that she was taken as collateral, then you [should] believe you that she was neither secluded [with] nor defiled [by the gentiles]. If you do not believe that she was not secluded [with] and not defiled [by the gentiles], then you [should not] believe that she was taken as collateral.",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Yehudah the son of Beteira testified about the widow of a man from a possibly illegitimate lineage: that she was fit for marrying a priest, and that those from a possibly illegitimate lineage are considered fit [to declare who is] pure and impure, [who] to bring close and [who] to distance. Rabban Shimon the son of Gamliel said: We have accepted your testimony, but what shall we do, for Rabbi Yochanan the son of Zakkai has decreed for courts to not be commissioned for this [i.e. for the widow of a man from a possibly illegitimate lineage to marry a priest]! The priests would listen to you on whom to distance, but not whom to bring close.",
+ "Rabbi Yosi the son of Yoezer, leader of Tzereda, testified about the ayil-locust: that it is pure. And about liquid in the slaughterhouse [of the Temple]: that it is pure. And about one who touches a dead body: he is impure. And they used to call him \"Yosi the Permitter.\"",
+ "Rabbi Akiva testified in the name of Nechemiah leader of Bet Dali, that a woman may remarry based on one witness [who confirms that her husband has died]. Rabbi Yehoshua testified about bones that were found in a wood-shed [of the Temple] that the Sages said: One may gather bone by bone, and it [i.e. the Temple and the things inside it] is all [still] pure.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer said: I heard that when they built the Temple they made curtains for the Temple, and curtains for the courtyard [to demarcate where they were going to build the walls]. But the Temple was built from the outside [of the curtain border], while the courtyard was built from the inside [of the curtain border]. Rabbi Yehoshua said: I heard that we may sacrifice even without the Temple and eat the holy sacrifices even though there are no curtains, and [eat] the regular sacrifices and second tithes even though there is no wall [surrounding Jerusalem] because the first sanctification sanctified [the area] for its time and for the time to come. ",
+ "Rabbi Yehoshua said: I have a tradition from Rabbi Yochanan the son of Zakkai, who heard it from his teacher, and his teacher from his teacher - a law to Moses from Sinai! - that Eliyahu will not come to declare people pure or impure, to distance [i.e. make impure] people or to bring [into purity those who are declared impure], but rather to distance those who were brought near by force, and to bring close those who were distanced by force. The family Bet Tzreifa was across the Jordan, and Ben Tzion distanced them by force, and someone else was there and Ben Tzion brought them close by force. [It is cases] such as these [that] Eliyahu is coming to declare pure and impure, to bring near and to distance. Rabbi Yehudah says: to bring [people] close, but not to [make people] distant. Rabbi Shimon says: to resolve arguments. The Sages say: He will not come to make distant or to bring close, but to make peace in the world, as it says \"Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet [before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD]. And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers\" (Malachi 3:23-24)."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7cbdc39796e56a1029d11d90d576d155e56a86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "ŠAMMAJ SAGT, JEDE FRAU HABE AN IHRER ZEIT GENUG; HILLEL SAGT, [SIE SEI RÜCKWIRKEND UNREIN DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] SEIT DER UNTERSUCHUNG BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN] UNTERSUCHUNG, AUCH WENN VIELE TAGE DAZWISCHEN LIEGEN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN WEDER WIE DER EINE NOCH WIE DER ANDERE, SONDERN [DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] SEIT DIESER TAGESSTUNDE BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN] TAGESSTUNDE, WENN DIES WENIGER IST ALS [DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] SEIT DER UNTERSUCHUNG BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN] UNTERSUCHUNG, ODER [DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] SEIT DER UNTERSUCHUNG BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN] UNTERSUCHUNG, WENN DIES WENIGER IST ALS [DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] SEIT DIESER TAGESSTUNDE BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN TAGESSTUNDE]. HAT EINE FRAU EINE REGELMÄSSIGE PERIODE, SO HAT SIE AN IHRER ZEIT GENUG. BENUTZT SIE BEIM BEISCHLAFE TÜCHER, SO GILT DIES ALS UNTERSUCHUNG, SODASS SIE NUR DEN KLEINEREN ZEITRAUM UNREIN IST, ENTWEDER[DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] VON DIESER TAGESSTUNDE BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN TAGESSTUNDE], ODER [DIE ZWISCHENZEIT] VON DIESER UNTERSUCHUNG BIS ZUR [VORANGEHENDEN] UNTERSUCHUNG.",
+ "ŠAMMAJ SAGT, EIN KAB [MEHL] UNTERLIEGT DER PFLICHT DER TEIGNHEBE; HILLEL SAGT, ZWEI KAB. DIE WEISEN SAGEN WEDER WIE DER EINE NOCH WIE DER ANDERE, SONDERN ANDERTHALB KAB UNTERLIEGEN DER PFLICHT DER TEIGHEBE. NACHDEM DIE MASSE VERGRÖSSERT WORDEN SIND, BESTIMMTEN SIE, DASS FÜNF VIERTELLOG DIESER PFLICHT UNTERLIEGEN. R. JOSE SAGT, FÜNF SEIEN NICHT PFLICHTIG, FÜNF UND DARÜBER SEIEN PFLICHTIG.",
+ "HLLLEL SAGT, EIN HLN VOLL GESCHÖPFTES WASSER MACHT DAS RITUELLE TAUCHBADUNTAUGLICH. JEDER IST NÄMLICH VERPFLICHTET, DIE AUSDRUCKSWEISE SEINES LEHRERSZU GEBRAUCHEN. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, NEUN KAB. DIE WEISEN SAGEN WEDER WIE DER EINE NOCH WIE DER ANDERE. ALS ZWEI WEBER VOM MISTTORE ZU JERUŠALEM KAMEN UND IM NAMEN VON ŠEMA͑JA UND PTOLLION BEKUNDETEN, DASS DREI LOG GESCHÖPFTES WASSER DAS TAUCHBAD UNTAUGLICH MACHEN, BESTÄTIGTEN DIE WEISEN IHRE AUSSAGE.",
+ "WESHALB WERDEN DIE WORTE VON ŠAMMAJ UND HILLEL UNNÖTIG ANGEFÜHRT? UM DIE KOMMENDEN GENERATIONEN ZU LEHREN, DASS NIEMAND AUF SEINEN WORTEN BEHARRE, DENN AUCH DIE VÄTER DER WELT BEHARRTEN NICHT AUF IHREN WORTEN.",
+ "WESHALB WIRD DIE ANSICHT EINES EINZELNEN GEGEN DIE DER MEHRHEIT ANGEFÜHRT, WO DOCH DIE HALAKHA NUR NACH DER MEHRHEIT ENTSCHIEDEN WIRD? DAMIT, WENN EINEM GERICHTE DIE ANSICHT DES EINZELNEN EINLEUCHTET, ES SICH DARAUF STÜTZEN KÖNNE. EIN GERICHT KANN NÄMLICH DIE BESTIMMUNG EINES ANDEREN GERICHTES NUR DANN AUFHEBEN, WENN ES JENES AN WEISHEIT UND ANZAHLÜBERTRIFFT. ÜBERTRIFFT ES JENES NUR AN WEISHEIT UND NICHT AN ANZAHL, ODER NUR AN ANZAHL UND NICHT AN WEISHEIT, SO KANN ES DESSEN BESCHLÜSSE NICHT AUFHEBEN; NUR WENN ES JENES AN WEISHEIT UND ANZAHL ÜBERTRIFFT.",
+ "R. JEHUDA SAGTE: WESHALB WIRD DEMNACH DIE ANSICHT DES EINZELNEN GEGEN DIE DER MEHRHEIT ANGEFÜHRT? DAMIT MAN, WENN JEMAND SAGT, SOSEI ES IHM ÜBERLIEFERT WORDEN, IHM ERWIDERN KÖNNE, ER HABE DIE ANSICHT VON JENEMGEHÖRT.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, EIN VIERTEL [KAB] GEBEINE [IST VERUNREINIGEND], AUCH VON ZWEI ODER DREI LEICHEN; DIE SCHULE HLLLELS SAGT, NUR EIN VIERTEL [KAB] VON EINER LEICHE, UND NUR WENN SIE DEM KÖRPERBAU ODER DER ANZAHL NACH DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL BILDEN; ŠAMMAJ SAGT, AUCH EIN EINZIGER KNOCHEN.",
+ "WICKENVON HEBE DARF MAN, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NUR IN REINHEITEINWEICHEN UND ZERREIBEN, UND AUCH IN UNREINHEIT [EINEM VIEH] ZU FRESSEN GEBEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, NUR IN REINHEIT EINWEICHEN, UND AUEN IN UNREINHEIT [EINEM VIEH] ZU FRESSEN GEBEN. DLE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN ESSE SIE NUR TROCKEN; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, IHRE GANZE BEHANDLUNG DARF IN UNREINHEIT ERFOLGEN.",
+ "WER EINEN SELA͑ SCHEIDEMÜNZE VOM ZWEITEN ZEHNTENEINWECHSELT, WECHSLE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, FÜR EINEN GANZEN SELA͑ SCHEIDEMÜNZE; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, FÜR EINEN SEQEL [NEHME ER] SILBER UND FÜR EINEN ŠEQEL [BEHALTE ER] SCHEIDEMÜNZE. R. MEÍR SAGT, MAN DÜRFE NICHT SILBER UND FRÜCHTE DURCH SILBER AUSWEIHEN, DIE WEISEN ERLAUBEN DIES.",
+ "WER EINEN SELA͑ VOM ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN IN JERUŠALEM WECHSELT, NEHME, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, FÜR DEN GANZEN SELA͑ SCHEIDEMÜNZE, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HLLLELS SAGT, [AUCH] FÜR EINEN ŠEQEL SILBER UND FÜR EINEN ŠEQEL SCHEIDEMÜNZE. DIE VOR DEN WEISEN DISPUTIERENDEN, SAGTEN, DREI DENARE SILBER UND FÜR EINEN DENAR SCHEIDEMÜNZE. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, DREI DENARE SILBER UND FÜR EIN VLERTEL SCHEIDEMÜNZE; R. TRYPHON SAGT, FÜR VIER ASPERSILBER. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, ER HINTERLEGE IHN IN EINEM LADEN UND VERZEHRE SEINEN WERT.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM BRAUTSESSEL DER ÜBERZUGFEHLT, SO IST ER NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS NICHT MEHR VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, SELBST DAS UNTERGESTELL EINES STUHLES SEI VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. WENN MAN EINEN STUHL AN EINE MULDE ANGEBRACHT HAT, SO IST ER NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIGUND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, SOGAR WENN ER VON VORNHEREIN AN DIESE ANGEBRACHT WAR.",
+ "BEI FOLGENDEN DINGEN TRAT DIE SCHULE HILLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS. WENN EINE FRAU AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE KOMMT UND SAGT, IHR MANN SEI GESTORBEN, SO DARF SIE HEIRATEN, UND AN IHR DIE SCHWAGERSEHE VOLLZOGEN WERDEN. HIERZU SAGTE DIE SCHULE HILLELS, SIE HABE DIES NUR VON DEM FALLE GEHÖRT, WENN SIE VON DER GETREIDEERNTEKOMMT. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: EINERLEI OB SIE VON DER GETREIDEERNTE, VON DER OLIVENLESE ODER AUS DEM ÜBERSEELANDE KOMMT; SIE SPRECHEN NUR DESHALB VON DER ERNTE, WEIL JENER FALLSICH DANN EREIGNETE. DA TRAT DIE SCHULE HLLLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGTE, SIE DÜRFE HEIRATEN UND ERHALTE AUCH IHRE MORGENGABE ; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGTE, SIE DÜRFE ZWAR HEIRATEN, JEDOCH ERHALTE SIE NICHT IHRE MORGENGABE. DA SPRACH DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ZU DIESER: IHR HABT ES IHR HINSICHTLICH DES STRENGEN INZESTVERBOTESERLAUBT, WIE WOLLT IHR ES IHR NICHT HINSICHTLICH DER LEICHTEREN GELDANGELEGENHEIT ERLAUBEN!? DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERWIDERTE: WIR FINDEN, DASS AUCH DIE BRÜDER AUF IHRE AUSSAGE HIN DIE ERBSCHAFT NICHT ANTRETENKÖNNEN. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ENTGEGNETE: DIES IST JA AUS DER URKUNDE ÜBER IHRE MORGENGABE ZU ENTNEHMEN; IN DIESER SCHREIBT ER IHR: HEIRATEST DU EINEN ANDEREN, SO ERHÄLTST DU, WAS DIR VERSCHRIEBEN IST. DA TRAT DIE SCHULE HILLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "DER HALBSKLAVE DIENE, WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, EINEN TAG SEINEM HERRN UND EINEN TAG SICH SELBER. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: IHR HABT EINE VORSORGE FÜR SEINEN HERRN GETROFFEN, NICHT ABER FÜR IHN; EINE SKLAVIN HEIRATEN DARF ER NICHT, EINE FREIE HEIRATEN DARF ER EBENFALLS NICHT, [DIE HEIRAT] GANZ UNTERLASSEN, KANN ER EBENFALLS NICHT, DA DIE WELT ZUR FORTPFLANZUNG ERSCHAFFEN WORDEN IST, WIE ES HEISST:nicht zur Einöde hat er sie erschaffen, sondem daß sie bewohnt werde. ALS VORSORGENDE INSTITUTION ZWINGE MAN VIELMEHR SEINEN HERRN, IHN ZUM FREIEN ZU MACHEN, UND DIESER SCHREIBE IHM EINEN SCHULDSCHEIN ÜBER DIE HÄLFTE SEINES WERTES. DARAUF TRAT DIE SCHULE HILLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "DAS TONGEFÄSS SCHÜTZTALLES – SO DIE SCHULE HILLELS; DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, ES SCHÜTZE NUR SPEISEN, GETRÄNKE UND TONGEFÄSSE. DIE SCHULE HILLELS SPRACH: WESHALB? DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: DIESES IST DURCH DEN MANN AUS DEM GEMEINEN VOLKE UNREIN, UND DAS UNREINE GEFÄSS HÄLT [DIE UNREINHEIT] NICHT ZURÜCK. DIE SCHULE HILLELS ENTGEGNETE: IHR HABT JA ABER DIE DARIN BEFINDLICHEN SPEISEN UND GETRÄNKE ALS REIN ERKLÄRT!? DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERWIDERTE: WENN WIR DIE DARIN BEFINDLICHEN SPEISEN UND GETRÄNKE ALS REIN ERKLÄRT HABEN, SO HABEN WIR SIE NUR FÜR IHNSELBST ALS REIN ERKLÄRT; WENN DU ABER AUCH DAS GEFÄSSALS REIN ERKLÄRT HAST, SO HAST DU ES FÜR DICHUND FÜR IHN ALS REIN ERKLÄRT. DA TRAT DIE SCHULE HILLELS ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. ḤANINA DER PRIESTERPRÄSES BEKUNDETE VIER DINGE. NIE IN IHREM LEBEN HABEN DIE PRIESTER ES VERMIEDEN, FLEISCH, DAS AN EINER ERSTGRADIGEN UNREINHEIT UNREIN WURDE, ZUSAMMEN MIT FLEISCH, DAS AN EINER URUNREINHEIT UNREIN WURDE, ZU VERBRENNEN, OBGLEICH DADURCH DIE UNREINHEIT[DES ERSTEN] ERHÖHT WIRD. R. A͑QIBA FÜGTE HINZU: NIE IN IHREM LEBEN HABEN DIE PRIESTER ES VERMIEDEN, ÖL, DAS [DURCH BERÜHRUNG] MIT EINEM, DER AM SELBEN TAGE UNTERGETAUCHT IST, UNTAUGLICH WURDE, IN EINER LEUCHTE ZU BRENNEN, DIE [DURCH BERÜHRUNG] MIT EINEM LEICHENUNREINEN UNREIN WURDE, OBGLEICH DADURCH DIE UNREINHEIT [DES ERSTEN] ERHÖHT WIRD.",
+ "FERNER BEKUNDETE R. ÇANINA DER PRIESTERPRÄSES : NIE IN MEINEM LEBEN SAH ICH DIE HAUT NACH DEM VERBRENNUNGSRAUME BRINGEN. R. ÄQIBA FÜGTE HINZU: AUS SEINEN WORTEN LERNEN WIR, DASS, WENN DAS ERSTGEBORENE ENTHÄUTET UND TOTVERLETZT BEFUNDEN WIRD, DIE PRIESTER DIE HAUT BENUTZEN DÜRFEN. DIE WEISEN ABER SAGEN: NICHT GESEHEN IST KEIN BEWEIS; DIESE IST VIELMEHR NACH DEM VERBRENNUNGSRAUME ZU BRINGEN.",
+ "DERSELBE BEKUNDETE FERNER: IN EINEM KLEINEN DORF BEI JERUŠALEM WAR EIN GREIS, DER AN DIE LEUTE DES DORFES GELD ZU VERLEIHEN, [DEN SCHULDSCHEIN] MIT EIGENER HAND ZU SCHREIBEN UND VON ANDEREN UNTERZEICHNEN ZU LASSEN PFLEGTE, UND ALS DIE SACHE VOR DIE WEISEN KAM, ERLAUBTEN SIE DIES. HIERAUS IST ZU SCHLIESSEN, DASS DIE FRAU SELBER IHREN SCHEIDEBRIEF UND DER MANN SELBER SEINE QUITTUNG SCHREIBEN DÜRFE, DENN DIE BESTÄTIGUNG DER URKUNDE ERFOLGT NUR DURCH DIE UNTERZEICHNER. UND FERNER [BEKUNDETE ER], DASS, WENN EINE [UNREINE] NADEL IM FLEISCHE [EINES OPFERTIERES] GEFUNDEN WIRD, DAS MESSER UND DIE HÄNDE REIN SEIEN, DAS FLEISCH ABER UNREIN, UND WENN IM MISTE, ALLES REIN SEI.",
+ "DREI LEHREN TRUG R. JIŠMA͑ÉL DEN WEISEN IN DER AKADEMIE ZU JABNE VOR. WENN EIN ZERSCHLAGENES EI SICH AUF KRÄUTERN VON HEBE BEFINDET, SO BILDET ES EINE VERBINDUNG, HAT ES SICH ABER ZU EINER BLASEGEBILDET, SO BILDET ES KEINE VERBINDUNG. WENN BEI DER ERNTE EINE EINZELNE ÄHRESTEHEN GEBLIEBEN IST UND DEREN SPITZE BIS ZUM STEHENDEN GETREIDE REICHT, SO GEHÖRT SIE, WENN SIE ZUSAMMEN MIT DEM STEHENDEN GETREIDE GEMÄHT WERDEN KANN, DEM EIGENTÜMER, WENN ABER NICHT, SO GEHÖRT SIE DEN ARMEN. WENN EIN KLEINER GEMÜSEGARTEN VON EINER SPALIERANLAGEUMGEBEN IST, SO DARF ER, WENN ER SOVIEL[RAUM] HAT, DASS EIN WINZER MIT SEINEM KORBE AN DER EINEN SEITE UND EIN WINZER MIT SEINEM KORBE AN DER ANDEREN SEITE STEHEN KANN, BESÄET WERDEN, WENN ABER NICHT, SO DARF ER NICHT BESÄET WERDEN.",
+ "DREI RECHTSFRAGEN TRUG MAN R. JIŠMA͑ÉL VOR, UND ER ÄUSSERTE SICH DARÜBER NICHT, WEDER VERBIETEND, NOCH ERLAUBEND; R. JEHOŠUA͑ B. MATHJA ABER TRAF ÜBER DIESE EINE ENTSCHEIDUNG. WER AM ŠABBATH EINE BLATTER AUFSTICHT, IST, WENN ER EINE ÖFFNUNG MACHEN WOLLTE, SCHULDIG, WENN ABER EITER ENTFERNEN, FREI. WER AM ŠABBATH EINE SCHLANGE EINFÄNGT, IST, WENN ER DAMIT BEZWECKT, DASS SIE IHN NIGHT BEISSE, FREI, WENN ABER, UM SIE ZU HEILZWECKEN ZU GEBRAUCHEN, SCHULDIG. ERONISCHE TIEGELIN EINEM ZELTE MIT EINER LEICHE SIND REIN, WENN ABER EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER SIE TRÄGT, UNREIN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. ÇADOQ SAGT, AUCH WENN EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER SIE TRÄGT, SEIEN SIE REIN, WEIL IHRE HERSTELLUNG NOCH NICHT FERTIGEIST.",
+ "ÜBER DREI DINGE TRAF R. JIŠMA͑ÉL EINE ENTSCHEIDUNG, UND R. A͑QIBA PFLICHTETE IHM NICHT BEI. R. JIŠMA͑ÉL ENTSCHIED, WENN MAN KNOBLAUCH, HERLINGE ODER ÄHREN AM TAGEZERDRÜCKT HAT, DÜRFE MAN SIE NACH EINTRITT DER DUNKELHEIT AUSFLIESSENLASSEN; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE SIE NICHT AUSFLIESSEN LASSEN.",
+ "DREI LEHREN TRUG MAN R. AQIBA VOR, ZWEI IM NAMEN R. ELIE͑ZERS UND EINE IM NAMEN R. JEHOŠUA͑S. ZWEI IM NAMEN R. ELIE͑ZERS : EINE FRAU DARF [AM ŠABBATH] MIT EINER GOLDENEN STADTAUSGEHEN; UND LEUTE, DIE TAUBEN FLIEGENLASSEN, SIND ALS ZEUGEN UNZULÄSSIG. EINE IM NAMEN R. JEHOŠUA͑S : WENN EIN WIESEL MIT EINEM KRIECHTIERE IM MAULE ÜBER BROTE VON HEBE GEGANGEN IST, UND ES ZWEIFELHAFT IST, OB [DAS KRIECHTIER DAS BROT] BERÜHRT HAT ODER NICHT, SO IST ES BEI DIESEM ZWEIFEL REIN.",
+ "DREI LEHREN TRUG R. A͑QIBA VOR, HINSICHTLICH ZWEIER PFLICHTETE MAN IHM BEI UND HINSICHTLICH EINER PFLICHTETE MAN IHM NICHT BEI. DASS EINE SANDALE DER KALKTÜNCHER DURCH DAS AUFTRETENUNREIN IST, UND DASS DIE RESTE EINES OFENS BEI VIER [HANDBREITEN UNREINBLEIBEN]; SIE SAGTEN NÄMLICH, BEI DREI. HIERBEI PFLICHTETE MAN IHM BEI. HINSICHTLICH EINER PFLICHTETE MAN IHM NICHT BEI, HINSICHTLICH EINES STUHLES, VON DEM ZWEI NEBENEINANDERLIEGENDE SITZBRETTCHEN ENTFERNT WORDEN SIND ; NACH R. A͑QIBA IST EIN SOLCHER VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN NICHT.",
+ "DERSELBE SAGTE: DER VATER IST VON EINFLUSS AUF DEN SOHN HINSICHTLICH DER SCHÖNHEIT, DER KRAFT, DES REICHTUMS, DER WEISHEIT, DER LEBENSJAHRE UND DER ANZAHL DER GENERATIONEN; DAS IST DAS ENDE, DENN ES HEISST:er rief die Geschlechter von Anfang an. WENN ES AUCH HEISST:man wird sie knechten und bedrücken vierhundert Jahrelang, SO HEISST ES ABER:die vierte Generation wird hierher zurückkommen.",
+ "ER SAGTE FERNER : FÜNF DINGE HABEN EINE DAUER VON ZWÖLF MONATEN. DAS STRAFGERICHT ÜBER DAS ZEITALTER DER SINTFLUT WÄHRTE ZWÖLF MONATE; DAS STRAFGERICHT ÜBER IJOB WÄHRTE ZWÖLF MONATE; DAS STRAFGERICHT ÜBER DIE MIÇRIJIM WÄHRTE ZWÖLF MONATE; DAS DEREINSTIGE STRAFGERICHT ÜBER GOG UND MAGOG WIRD ZWÖLF MONATE WÄHREN ; DAS STRAFGERICHT ÜBER DIE GOTTLOSEN IM FEGEFEUER WÄHRT ZWÖLF MONATE, DENN ES HEISST:und es wird sein von Monat bis [zum gleichen] Monate. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SAGT, WIE VOM PESAḤFESTE BIS ZUM WOCHENFESTE, DENN ES HEISST:vom Šabbath bis Šabbath."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN MAN EINE DURCH BEZELTUNG VERUNREINIGENDE SACHE GETEILT IN EINEN RAUM BRINGT, SO IST SIE NACH R. DOSA B. ARCHINOS NICHT VERUNREINIGEND UND NACH DEN WEISEN VERUNREINIGEND. ZUM BEISPIEL : WENN JEMAND ZWEI STÜCKE VON EINEM AASE IN DER GRÖSSE VON JE EINER HALBEN OLIVE BERÜHRT ODER TRÄGT, ODER EIN STÜCK IN DER GRÖSSE EINER HALBEN OLIVE VON EINER LEICHE BERÜHRT UND EIN STÜCK IN DER GRÖSSE EINER HALBEN OLIVE IHN ÜBERZELTET, ODER ZWEI STÜCKE IN DER GRÖSSE VON JE EINER HALBEN OLIVE ÜBERZELTET, ODER EIN STÜCK IN DER GRÖSSE EINEB HALBEN OLIVE ÜBERZELTET UND EIN STÜCK IN DER GRÖSSE EINER HALBEN OLIVE IHN ÜBERZELTET, SO IST ER NACH R. DOSA B. ARCHINOS REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. WENN JEMAND ABER EIN STÜCK IN DER GRÖSSE EINER HALBEN OLIVE BERÜHRT UND EINE ANDERE SACHE IHN UND EIN SOLCHES STÜCK ÜBERZELTET, SO IST ER REIN. R. MEÍR SAGT, AUCH IN DIESEM FALLE SEI ER NACH R. DOSA REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. ESIST STETS VERUNREINIGEND, NUR NICHT BEI [EINER VEREINIGUNG VON] BERÜHREN UND TRAGEN ODER TRAGEN UND ÜBERZELTUNG. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: HABEN SIE DEN GLEICHEN NAMEN, SO SIND SIE VERUNREINIGEND, HABEN SIE VERSCHIEDENE NAMEN, SO SIND SIE NICHT VERUNREINIGEND.",
+ "GETRENNTE SPEISENSTÜCKE WERDEN NICHT VEREINIGT – SO R. DOSA B. ARCHINOS; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, SIE WERDEN VEREINIGT. MAN DARF [FRÜCHTE VOM] ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN DURCH EIN ASEMON AUSLÖSEN – SO R. DOSA; DIE WEISEN VERBIETEN DIES. [ZUR BERÜHRUNG] DES ENTSUNDIGUNGSWASSERS GENÜGT DAS UNTERTAUCHEN DER HÄNDE – SO R. DOSA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, SIND DIE HÄNDE UNREIN, SEI AUCH DER GANZE KÖRPER UNREIN.",
+ "DAS KERNGEHÄUSE DER MELONE UND DER ABFALL VON KRÄUTERN SIND ALS HEBE, WIE R. DOSA SAGT, GEMEINEN ERLAUBT, NACH DEN WEISEN ABER VERBOTEN. WENN VON FÜNF SCHAFEN JEDES ANDERTHALB MINEN WOLLE LIEFERT, SO HAT BEI DIESEN DAS GESETZ VON DER ERSTLINGSSCHUR GELTUNG – SO R. DOSA ; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, VON FÜNF SCHAFEN, WIEVIEL ES AUCH IST.",
+ "ALLE MATTEN SIND VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG DURCH EINE LEICHE – SO R.DOSA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, AUCH DURCH DAS AUFTRETEN. KEIN GEFLECHT ISTVERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, AUSGENOMMEN EIN GÜRTEL – SO R. DOSA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ALLE SIND SIE VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, AUSGENOMMEN DIE DER WOLLHÄNDLER.",
+ "EINE SCHLEUDER, DEREN HÖHLUNGAUS EINEM GEWEBE BESTEHT, IST VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, WENN ABER AUS LEDER, SO IST SIE NACH R. DOSA B. ARCHINOS NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. IST DIE FINGERÖSE ABGETRENNT, SO IST SIE NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, WENN ABER DIE RLEMENÖSE, SO IST SIE VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG.",
+ "EINE GEFANGENE DARF HEBE ESSEN – SO R. DOSA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, MANCHE GEFANGENE DARE DIES UND MANCHE DARF DIES NICHT, UND ZWAR: ERZÄHLT DIE FRAU SELBER, DASS SIE GEFANGEN WAR, JEDOCH REIN GEBLIEBEN SEI, SO DARF SIE [HEBE] ESSEN, DENN DER MUND, DER ES VERBOTEN MACHT, MACHT ES AUCH ERLAUBT, WENN ABER ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS SIE GEFANGEN WAR, UND SIE SAGT, SIE SEI REIN GEBLIEBEN, SO DARF SIE KEINE [HEBE] ESSEN.",
+ "IN VIER FÄLLEN DES ZWEIFELSERKLÄRT R. JEHOŠUA͑ ALS REIN UND DIE WEISEN ALS UNREIN, UND ZWAR: WENN DER UNREINE STEHTUND DER REINE VORÜBERGEHT, WENN DER REINE STEHT UND DER UNREINE VORÜBERGEHT, WENN DAS UNREINE AUF PRIVATGEBIET UND DAS REINE AUF ÖFFENTLICHEM GEBIETESICH BEFINDET, ODER WENN DAS REINE AUF PRIVATGEBIET UND DAS UNREINE AUF ÖFFENTLICHEM GEBIETE SICH BEFINDET; IST ES ZWEIFELHAFT, OB SIE EINANDER BERÜHRT HABEN ODER NICHT, OB SIE ÜBERZELTET WORDEN SINDODER NICHT, OB [EINES DAS ANDERE] BEWEGT HATODER NICHT, SO IST ERNACH R. JEHOŠUA͑ UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN.",
+ "DREI DINGE SIND NACH R. ÇADOQ VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG: DER NAGEL DES WECHSLERS, DER KASTEN DER GRÄUPNERUND DER ZEIGER DES STUNDENSTEINES; DIESE SIND NACH R. ÇADOQ VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG.",
+ "VIER DINGE SIND NACH R. GAMLIÉL VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG: DER DECKEL EINES METALLKORBES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH, DER HENKEL DES STRIEGELS, UNFERTIGE METALLGERÄTE UND EINE [GLEICHMÄSSIG] ENTZWEI GETEILTE PLATTE. JEDOCH PFLICHTEN DIE WEISEN R. GAMLIÉL BEI, DASS, WENN EINE PLATTE IN ZWEI TEILE, EINER GRÖSSER UND EINER KLEINER, GETEILT WURDE, DER GRÖSSERE VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND DER KLEINERE NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG SEI.",
+ "BEI DREI DINGEN IST R. GAMLIÉL ERSCHWERENDER ANSICHT, NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS: MAN DARF AM FESTE NICHTS FÜR DEN SABBATH WARMSTELLEN; MAN DARF AM FESTE KEINE LEUCHTE AUFSTELLEN; MAN DARF KEINE GROBEN BROTE, SONDERN NUR FLADEN BACKEN. R. GAMLIÉL SAGTE: IN DER FAMILIE MEINES VATERS BACKEN SIE NIEMALS GROBE BROTE, SONDERN NUR FLADEN. JENE ERWIDERTEN IHM: WAS SOLL UNS DIE FAMILIE DEINES VATERS; DIESE WAR ERSCHWEREND FÜR SICH SELBST, ABER ERLEICHTERND FÜR GANZ JISRAÉL, AUCH GROBES BROT UND KÜCHEN BACKEN ZU DÜRFEN.",
+ "DIESER LEHRTE AUCH DREI DINGE ERLEICHTERND : MAN DARF AM FESTE ZWISCHEN DEN LAGERNFEGEN ; MAN DARF DAS RÄUCHERWERK HINSTELLEN; MAN DARF AN DEN PESAḤABENDEN EIN RUMPFGEBRATENESBÖCKCHEN BEREITEN. DIE WEISEN VERBIETEN DIES.",
+ "DREI DINGE ERLAUBT R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA UND DIE WEISEN VERBIETEN SIE: SEINE KUH WURDE [AM ŠABBATH] MIT EINEM RIEMEN AN DEN HÖRNERNAUSGETRIEBEN; MAN DARF EIN VIEH AM FESTE STRIEGELN; MAN DARF PFEFFER IN EINER PFEFFERMÜHLE MAHLEN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE AM FESTE KEIN VIEH STRIEGELN, WEIL MAN DABEI EINE WUNDE MACHT, WOHL ABER KÄMMEN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, MAN DÜRFE WEDER STRIEGELN NOCH KÄMMEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "IN FOLGENDEN DLNGEN IST DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLEICHTERND UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERSCHWEREND: EIN AM FESTE GELEGTES EI DARF, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, [AM FESTE] GEGESSEN WERDEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, NICHT GEGESSEN WERDEN. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT. SAUERTEIG IN OLIVENGRÖSSE UND GESÄUERTES IN DATTELGRÖSSE, DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, BEIDES IN OLIVENGRÖSSE.",
+ "EIN AM FESTE GEBORENES VIEH IST, WIE ALLE ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, ERLAUBT; EIN AUS DEM EI GEKROCHENES KÜCHLEIN IST, WIE ALLE ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, VERBOTEN. WER AM FESTE EIN WILD ODER EIN GEFLÜGEL SCHLACHTET, GRABE, WIE DIE SCHULE SAMMAJS SAGT, MIT EINEM SPATEN [ERDE] AUF UND DECKE [DAS BLUT] ZU; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE NUR DANN SCHLACHTEN, WENN MAN ERDE VORRÄTIG HAT. DLESE PFLICHTET JEDOCH BEI, DASS, WENN MAN BEREITS GESCHLACHTET HAT, MAN [ERDE] MIT EINEM SPATEN AUFGRABE UND [DAS BLUT] ZUDECKE ; HERDASCHE GILT ALS VORRÄTIG.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, WAS FÜR ARME FREIGEGEBEN WIRD, IST FREIGUT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, FREIGUT HEISSE ES NUR DANN, WENN ES AUCH FÜR REICHE FREIGEGEBEN IST, GLEICH [DEN FRÜCHTEN DES] ERLASSJAHRES. WENN ALLE GARBEN DES FELDES JE EINEN KAB GROSS SIND, EINE ABER VIER KAB, UND DIESE VERGESSEN WORDEN IST, SO GILT SIE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NICHT ALS VERGESSENES, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ALS VERGESSENES.",
+ "WENN EINE NEBEN DER WAND, DER DIEME, DEN RINDERN ODER DEN ACKERGERÄTEN LIEGENDE GARBE VERGESSEN WORDEN IST, SO GILT DIESE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NICHT ALS VERGESSENES, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ALS VERGESSENES.",
+ "BEIM VIERJÄHRIGEN WEINBERG IST, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, WEDER DAS FÜNFTEL NOCH DIE FORTSCHAFFUNGERFORDERLICH; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, BEI DIESEM SEI DIE FORTSCHAFFUNG ERFORDERLICH. DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, BEI DIESEM GELTE DAS GESETZ VOM ABFALL UND VON DER NACHLESE, UND DIE ARMEN LÖSEN SIE SELBER AUS; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ALLES KOMME IN DIE KELTER.",
+ "EIN FASS MIT EINGELEGTEN OLIVEN BRAUCHT MAN, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NICHT ZU DURCHLÖCHERN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN MÜSSE SIE DURCHLÖCHERN. JEDOCH PFLICHTET DIESE BEI, DASS, WENN MAN SIE DURCHLÖCHERT HAT UND [DAS LOCH] DURCH HEFENSATZ VERSTOPFT WURDE, ES NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG SEI. WER SICH MIT REINEM ÖL GESALBT UND UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, UND DARAUF [INS TAUCHBAD] HINABSTEIGT UND UNTERTAUCHT, IST, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, REIN, AUCH WENN ER [VON ÖL] TRIEFT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, WENN ES NUR SO VIEL IST, UM DAMIT DAS KLEINSTE GLIEDSALBENZU KÖNNEN. WAR ABER DAS ÖL SCHON VORHER UNREIN, SO IST ER, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, [REIN,] WENN ES NUR SOVIEL IST, UM DAS KLEINSTE GLIED SALBEN ZU KÖNNEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SCHON WENN DIE FLÜSSIGKEIT NUR [DEN KÖRPER] BEFEUCHTET ; R. JEHUDA SAGTE IM NAMEN DER SCHULE HILLELS, WENN SO FEUCHT, UM ZU BEFEUCHTEN.",
+ "EINE FRAU KANN NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS MIT EINEM DENAR ODER DEM WERTE EINES DENARS ANGETRAUTWERDEN ; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SCHON MIT EINER PERUTA ODER DEM WERTE EINER PERUTA. WLEVIEL BETRÄGT EINE PERUTA? ELN ACHTEL EINES ITALISCHEN A SS ARS. DLE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, MAN KÖNNE SEINE FRAU MIT EINEM ALTEN SCHEIDEBRIEFE ENTLASSEN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS VERBIETET DIES. WELCHES HEISST EIN ALTER SCHEIDEBRIEF? WENN ER, NACHDEM ER IHN GESCHRIEBEN HAT, MIT IHR ZUSAMMEN WAR. WENN JEMAND SICH VON SEINER FRAU SCHEIDEN LIESS UND DARAUF MIT IHR ZUSAMMEN IN EINER HERBERGE ÜBERNACHTET HAT, SO BENÖTIGT SIE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, KEINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES, DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SIE BENÖTIGE EINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES. DIES NUR DANN, WENN DIE SCHEIDUNG NACH DER VERHEIRATUNG ERFOLGT IST, WENN ABER NACH DER VERLOBUNG, SO BRAUCHT SIE KEINES ANDEREN SCHEIDEBRIEFES, WEIL ERMIT IHR NICHT VERTRAUT IST.",
+ "DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLAUBT DIE NEBENBUHLERINNENDEN ANDEREN BRÜDERN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS VERBIETET SIE. HABEN SIE DIE ḤALIÇA VOLLZOGEN, SO IST [DIE WITWE] NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS FÜR DIE PRIESTERSCHAFTUNGEEIGNET UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS GEEIGNET. HABEN SIE DIE SCHWAGEREHE VOLLZOGEN, SO SIND SIE NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS GEEIGNETUND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS UNGEEIGNET. UND OBGLEICH DIE EINEN ALS UNGEEIGNET ERKLÄRTEN, WAS DIE ANDEREN ALS GEEIGNET ERKLÄRTEN, UNTERLIESSEN ES [ANGEHÖRIGE DER] SCHULE ŠAMMAJS DENNOCH NICHT, FRAUEN [AUS FAMILIEN] DER SCHULE HILLELS, ODER [ANGEHÖRIGE DER] SCHULE HILLELS, FRAUEN [AUS FAMILIEN] DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ZU HEIRATEN. UND OBGLEICH BEI [FRAGEN ÜBER] REINHEIT UND UNREINHEIT DIE EINEN ALS REIN ERKLÄRTEN, WAS DIE ANDEREN ALS UNREIN ERKLÄRTEN, SO UNTERLIESS ES DENNOCH WEDER DIE EINE NOCH DIE ANDERE, BEI DER BEREITUNG VON REINEN [SPEISEN] SICH AUF DIE ANDERE ZU VERLASSEN.",
+ "WENN VON DREI BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN UND EINER LEDIG IST, UND NACHDEM DER LEDIGE NACH DEM TODE DES EINEN MIT EINER DER SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN BRUDERS AN [DIE WITWE] DIE EHEFORMELGERICHTET HAT, AUCH DER ZWEITE BRUDER GESTORBEN IST, SO BLEIBE, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SEINE FRAUBEI IHM UND DIE ANDERE GEHE ALS SCHWESTER SEINER FRAU FREIAUS; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ER ENTLASSE SEINE FRAU DURCH SCHEIDEBRIEF UND ḤALIÇA, UND DIE FRAU SEINES BRUDERS DURCH ḤALIÇA. DAS IST [DER FALL], WORÜBER SIE SAGTEN: WEHE IHM WEGEN SEINER FRAU, WEHE IHM WEGEN DER FRAU SEINES BRUDERS!",
+ "WER SICH DEN BEISCHLAF SEINER FRAU ABGELOBT, KANN DIES, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, ZWEI WOCHEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, EINE WOCHE. WENN [EINE FRAU] AM ABEND ZUM EINUNDACHTZIGSTEN [TAGE]FEHLGEBIERT, SO IST SIE NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS VOM OPFER FREI, UND NACH DER SCHULE HLLLELS DAZU VERPFLICHTET. EIN LAKEN UNTERLIEGT NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS NICHT DEM ÇIÇITHGESETZE, UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS WOHL. EIN ŠABBATHFRUCHTKORB MACHT NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS NICHT ZEHENTPFLICHTIGUND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS WOHL ZEHENTPFLICHTIG.",
+ "WER EIN LANGERESNAZIRATGELOBT UND ES ABSOLVIERT HAT, UND NACHHER NACH DEM [JISRAÉL]LANDEKOMMT, IST, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NOCH DREISSIG TAGE NAZIR; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ER MÜSSE DAS NAZIRAT VON NEUEM BEGINNEN. WENN ZWEI ZEUGENPARTIEN VON EINEM VERSCHIEDEN BEKUNDEN, EINE, DASS ER ZWEI [NAZIRATE] UND EINE, DASS ER FÜNFGELOBT HAT, SO HAT SICH, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DAS ZEUGNIS ZERSPLITTERT UND ES GIBT HIERBEI KEIN NAZIRAT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ER MUSS, DA IN FÜNF ZWEI ENTHALTEN SIND, ZWEI NAZIRATE ABSOLVIEREN.",
+ "WENN EIN MENSCH SICH UNTERHALB DES SPALTESBEFINDET, SO LEITET ER, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DIE UNREINHEIT NICHT HINÜBER; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, EIN MENSCH IST HOHL, UND SEINE OBERE HÄLFTE LEITET DIE UNREINHEIT HINÜBER."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. JEHUDA LEHRTE SECHS DINGE, BEI DENEN DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLEICHTERND UND DIE SCHULE HLLLELS ERSCHWEREND IST. DAS BLUT VON EINEM AASE IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS REIN UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS UNREIN. DAS EI VON EINEM AASE IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS, WENN EIN SOLCHES AUF DEM MARKT VERKAUFT WIRD, ERLAUBT, WENN ABER NICHT, VERBOTEN; NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS ABER [IN JEDEM FALLE] VERBOTEN. JENE PFLICHTET JEDOCH BEI, DASS DAS EI VON EINEM TOTVERLETZTEN [GEFLÜGEL] VERBOTEN IST, WEIL ES ALS VERBOTENES AUSGEWACHSEN IST. DER BLUTFLUSS EINER NICHTJÜDIN UND DAS REINHEITSBLUT EINER AUSSÄTZIGEN SIND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS REIN; DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SIE GLEICHEN IHREM SPEICHEL UND IHREM URIN. DIE FRÜCHTE DES SIEBENTJAHRES DARF MAN NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS GEGEN DANKESBEZEUGUNG UND AUCH OHNE DANKESBEZEUGUNG ESSEN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE SIE NICHT GEGEN DANKESBEZEUGUNG ESSEN. EIN SCHLAUCH IST VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, WENN ER BLEIBEND ZUGEBUNDEN IST, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, AUCH WENN ER NICHT ZUGEBUNDEN IST.",
+ "R. JOSE LEHRTE SECHS DINGE, BEI DENEN DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLEICHTERND UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERSCHWEREND IST. GEFLÜGEL DARF NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ZUSAMMEN MIT KÄSE AUF DEN TISCH AUFGETRAGEN, ABER NICHT GEGESSEN WERDEN; DIE SCHULE HLLLELS SAGT, WEDER AUFGETRAGEN NOCH GEGESSEN WERDEN. MAN DARF NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS DIE HEBE VON OLIVEN FÜR ÖL UND VON WEINTRAUBEN FÜR WEIN ABSONDERN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE DIE HEBE [AUF DIESE WEISE] NICHT ABSONDERN. WENN JEMAND INNERHALB DER VIER ELLEN VOR EINEM WEINBERG SÄMEREIENSAÄET, SO HAT ER, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, EINE REIHEVERBOTENGEMACHT; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ZWEI REIHEN. MEHLBREI IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS [VON DER TEIGHEBE] FREI UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS PFLICHTIG. MAN DARF NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS IN EINEM STURZBACHEEIN TAUCHBAD NEHMEN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE IN EINEM SOLCHEN KEIN TAUCHBAD NEHMEN. WENN EIN PROSELYT SICH AM VORABEND DES PESAḤFESTES BEKEHRT, SO DARF ER, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, EIN TAUCHBAD NEHMEN UND ABENDS VOM PESAḤLAMMEESSEN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, WER SICH VON DER VORHAUT TRENNT, GLEICHT DEM, DER SICH VON EINEM GRABE TRENNT.",
+ "R. JIŠMA͑ÉL LEHRTE DREI DINGE, BEI DENEN DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLEICHTERND UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERSCHWEREND IST. [DAS BUCH] QOHELETH MACHT NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN, DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ES MACHE DIE HÄNDE UNREIN. DAS ENTSÜNDIGUNGSWASSER, MIT DEM DAS GEBOT AUSGEÜBT WORDENIST, IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS REIN UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS UNREIN. SCHWARZKÜMMEL IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG; EBENSO [STREITEN SIE] ÜBER DIE VERZEHNTUNG.",
+ "R. ELIEZER LEHRTE ZWEI DINGE, BEI DENEN DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS ERLEICHTERND UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS ERSCHWEREND IST. DAS BLUT EINER WÖCHNERIN, DIE KEIN TAUCHBAD GENOMMEN HAT, GLEICHT, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, IHREM SPEICHEL UND IHREM URIN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ES VERUNREINIGE FEUCHT UND EINGETROCKNET. JEDOCH PFLICHTET JENE BEI, DASS, WENN SIE BEI DER GEBURT FLUSSBEHAFTET WAR, ES FEUCHT UND EINGETROCKNET VERUNREINIGE.",
+ "WENN VON VIER BRÜDERN ZWEI MIT ZWEI SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATET WAREN, UND (DIE MIT DEN SCHWESTERN VERHEIRATETEN) GESTORBEN SIND, SO IST AN DIESEN DIE ḤALIÇAUND NICHT DIE SCHWAGEREHEZU VOLLZIEHEN. HABEN JENESIE VOREILIG GEHEIRATET, SO MÜSSEN SIE SIE ENTFERNEN. R. ELIÉZER SAGT, DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS LEHRE, SIE DÜRFEN SIE BEHALTEN, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS LEHRE, SIE MÜSSEN SIE ENTFERNEN.",
+ "A͑QABJA B. MAHALALÉL BEKUNDETE VIER LEHREN. MAN SPRACH ZUIHM: A͑QABJA, WIDERRUFE DIE VIER LEHREN, DIE DU BEKUNDET HAST, UND WIR WOLLEN DICH ZUM GERICHTSPRÄSIDENTEN IN JISRAÜL MACHEN! ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: LIEBER WILL ICH LEBTAGS EIN TOR HEISSEN, ALS EINE STUNDE VOR GOTT EIN FREVLERSEIN. MANSOLL NICHT SAGEN, ER HABE SIE WEGEN EINES WÜRDENAMTES WIDERRUFEN. ER ERKLÄRTE DAS ZURÜCKBLEIBENDE HAARUND DAS GELBE BLUTALS UNREIN; DIE WEISEN ERKLÄRTEN SIE ALS REIN. ER ERLAUBTE DAS AUSGEFALLENE, IN EINEM FENSTER GESTECKTE HAAR VON EINEM GEBRECHENBEHAFTETEN ERSTGEBORENEN TIERE, NACHDEM MAN ES GESCHLACHTET HAT; DIE WEISEN VERBOTEN ES. ER SAGTE, MAN LASSE WEDER EINE PROSELYTIN NOCH EINE FREIGELASSENE SKLAVIN [DAS FLUCHWASSER]TRINKEN; DIE WEISEN ABER SAGTEN, MAN LASSE SIE ES WOHL TRINKEN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU IHM: EINST GESCHAH ES JA, DASS ŠEMA͑JA UND PTOLLION DIE KARKEMITH, EINE FREIGELASSENE SKLAVIN IN JERUŠALEM, [DAS FLUCHWASSER] TRINKEN LIESSEN. ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: IHRESGLEICHENHABEN SIE ES TRINKEN LASSEN. HIERAUF TATEN SIE IHNIN DEN BANN, UND ER STARB AUCH IM BANNE; DA LIESS DAS GERICHT SEINEN SARG MIT STEINEN BE WERFEN. R. JEHUDA SAGTE: BEHÜTE UND BEWAHRE, DASS A͑QABJA IN DEN BANN GETAN WORDEN SEI, DENN UNTER ALLEN MÄNNERN JISRAÉLS, HINTER DENEN DER TEMPELHOF GESCHLOSSEN WURDE, GAB ES KEINEN, DER A͑QABJA B. MAHALALÉL IN WEISHEIT UND SÜNDENSCHEU GLICHE; IN DEN BANN GETAN HABEN SIE VIELMEHR ELIE͑ZER B. ḤANOCH, DER AM [GESETZE VOM] HÄNDEWASCHEN GERÜTTELT HATTE, UND ALS ER STARB, LIESS DAS GERICHT EINEN STEIN AUF SEINEN SARG LEGEN. DIES LEHRT, DASS, WENN JEMAND IN DEN BANN GETAN WIRD UND IM BANNE STIRBT, SEIN SARG MIT STEINEN BEWORFEN WERDE.",
+ "BEI SEINEM STERBEN SPRACH ER ZU SEINEM SOHNE: MEIN SOHN, WIDERRUFE DU DIE VIER LEHREN, DIE ICH GELEHRT HABE. DIESER ENTGEGNETE: WESHALB HAST DU SIE NICHT WIDERRUFEN? JENER ERWIDERTE: ICH HABE [MEINE ANSICHT] VON EINER MEHRHEIT VERNOMMEN, UND JENE HABEN IHRE EBENFALLS VON EINER MEHRHEIT VERNOMMEN; ICH BESTAND AUF MEINER ÜBERLIEFERUNG UND SIE BESTANDEN AUF IHRER ÜBERLIEFERUNG. DU ABER HAST SIE VON EINEM EINZELNEN UND VON EINER MEHRHEIT VERNOMMEN, UND ES IST DAHER BESSER, DIE WORTE DES EINZELNEN FALLEN ZU LASSEN UND SICH AN DIE WORTE DER MEHRHEIT ZU HALTEN. HIERAUF SPRACH DIESER ZU IHM: VATER, EMPFIEHL MICH DEINEN KOLLEGEN. JENER ERWIDERTE: ICH EMPFEHLE NICHT. DIESER SPRACH: HAST DU ETWAS AN MIR AUSZUSETZEN? JENER ERWIDERTE: NEIN; DEINE TATEN WERDEN DICH EINFÜHREN UND DEINE TATEN WERDEN DICH ENTFERNEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. JEHUDA B. BABA BEKUNDETE FÜNF DINGE: DASS MAN EINE MINDERJÄHRIGE ZUR WEIGERUNGSERKLÄRUNG VERANLASSE; DASS MAN EINER WITWE AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES ZEUGEN HIN ZU HEIRATEN ERLAUBE; DASS EINST IN JERUŠALEM EIN HAHN GESTEINIGT WORDEN IST, WEIL ER EINEN MENSCHEN GETÖTET HATTE; DASS VIERZIGTÄGIGER WEIN AUF DEN ALTAR GEGOSSEN WERDEN DARF; DASS DAS BESTÄNDIGE MORGENOPFER IN DERVIERTEN TAGESSTUNDE DARGEBRACHT WORDEN IST.",
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ UND R. NEḤUNJA B. ELINATHAN AUS KEPHAR BABLI BEKUNDETEN, DASS EIN GLIED VON EINER LEICHE UNREIN SEI; R. ELIE͑ZER SAGTE NÄMLICH, DIES GELTE NUR VON EINEM GLIEDE EINES LEBENDEN. JENE SPRA CHEN ZU: IHM: ES IST JA [DURCH EINEN SCHLUSS] VOM LEICHTEREN AUF DAS SCHWERERE ZU FOLGERN: WENN DAS ABGETRENNTE GLIED VON EINEM LEBENDEN, DER REIN IST, UNREIN IST, UM WIEVIEL MEHR IST DAS ABGETRENNTE GLIED VON EINER LEICHE, DIE UNREIN IST, UNREIN. ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: SIE SAGTEN DIES ABER NUR VON EINEM GLIEDE EINES LEBENDEN. EINE ANDERE ERWIDERUNG: GRÖSSER IST DIE UNREINHEIT EINES LEBENDEN ALS DIE UNREINHEIT EINER LEICHE; EIN LEBENDER VERUNREINIGT LAGER UND SITZ UNTER IHM, SODASS DIESE AUCH MENSCHEN UND KLEIDER UNREIN MACHEN, AUCH ALLES, WAS SICHÜBER IHMBEFINDET, SODASS DIESE SPEISENUND GETRÄNKEVERUNREINIGEN, WÄHREND EINE LEICHE KEINE VERUNREINIGUNG [DIESER ART] ERWIRKT.",
+ "EIN OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, IST NACH R. ELIE͑ZER UNREIN UND NACH R. JEHOŠUA͑ UND R. NEḤUNJA REIN. EIN GERSTENGROSSER KNOCHEN VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, IST NACH R. NEḤUNJA UNREIN UND NACH R. ELIE͑ZER UND R. JEHOŠUA͑ REIN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU R. ELIE͑ZER: WAS VERANLASST DICH, EIN OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, ALS UNREIN ZU ERKLÄREN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: WIR FINDEN, DASS EIN GLIED VON EINEM LEBENDEN EINER VOLLSTÄNDIGEN LEICHE GLEICHT, WIE NUN EIN VON EINER LEICHE ABGETRENNTES OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH UNREIN IST, EBENSO IST AUCH EIN OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, UNREIN. SIE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: NEIN, DU KANNST EIN VON EINER LEICHE ABGETRENNTES OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH ALS UNREIN ERKLÄREN, DA AUCH EIN VON DIESER ABGETRENNTER GERSTENGROSSER KNOCHEN UNREIN IST, WIESO ABER KANNST DU EIN OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, ALS UNREIN ERKLÄREN, WO DU EINEN VON DIESEM ABGETRENNTEN GERSTENGROSSEN KNOCHEN ALS REIN ERKLÄRT HASTI? SIE SPRACHEN FERNER ZU R. NEḤUNJA: WAS VERANLASST DICH, EINEN GERSTENGROSSEN KNOCHEN VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, ALS UNREIN ZU ERKLÄREN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: WIR FINDEN, DASS EIN GLIED VON EINEM LEBENDEN EINER VOLLSTÄNDIGEN LEICHE GLEICHT, WIE NUN EIN VON EINER LEICHE ABGETRENNTER [GERSTENGROSSER] KNOCHEN UNREIN IST, EBENSO IST AUCH EIN GERSTENGROSSER KNOCHEN VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, UNREIN. SIE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: NEIN, DU KANNST EINEN VON EINER LEICHE ABGETRENNTEN GERSTENGROSSEN KNOCHEN ALS UNREIN ERKLÄREN, DA AUCH EIN VON DIESER ABGETRENNTES OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH UNREIN IST, WIESO ABER KANNST DU EINEN GERSTENGROSSEN KNOCHEN VON EINEM GLIEDE, DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNT WORDEN IST, ALS UNREIN ERKLÄREN, WO DU EIN VON DIESEM ABGETRENNTES OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH ALS REIN ERKLÄRT HAST!? SIE SPRACHEN FERNER ZU R. ELIE͑ZER: WAS VERANLASST DICH, DEINE ANSICHT ZU TEILEN, ENTWEDER ERKLÄRE BEIDES ALS UNREIN ODER ERKLÄRE BEIDES ALS REIN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN! GRÖSSER IST DIE UNREINHEIT DES FLEISCHES ALS DIE UNREINHEIT DER KNOCHEN, DENN DIE [UNREINHEIT DES] FLEISCHES ERSTRECKT SICH AUCH AUF ÄSER UND KRIECHTIERE, WAS BEI DEN KNOCHEN NICHT DER FALL IST. EINE ANDERE ERKLÄRUNG. WENN AN EINEM GLIEDE DAS GEHÖRIGE FLEISCH VORHANDEN IST, SO IST ES DURCH BERÜHRUNG, TRAGEN UND BEZELTUNG VERUNREINIGEND, FEHLT ETWAS VOM FLEISCHE, SO IST ES DENNOCH UNREIN, FEHLT ABER ETWAS VOM KNOCHEN, SO IST ES REIN. SIE SPRACHEN ZU R. NEḤUNJA: WAS VERANLASST DICH, DEINE ANSICHT ZU TEILEN, ENTWEDER ERKLÄRE BEIDES ALS UNREIN ODER ERKLÄRE BEIDES ALS REIN!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: GRÖSSER IST DIE UNREINHEIT DER KNOCHEN ALS DIE UNREINHEIT DES FLEISCHES; DAS VON EINEM LEBENDEN ABGETRENNTE FLEISCH IST REIN, WÄHREND EIN VON IHM ABGETRENNTES GLIED IN SEINER NATÜRLICHEN BESCHAFFENHEITUNREIN IST. EINE ANDERE ERKLÄRUNG: EIN OLIVENGROSSES STÜCK FLEISCH IST DURCH BERÜHRUNG, TRAGEN UND BEZELTUNG VERUNREINIGEND, UND DIE MEHRZAHL DER KNOCHENIST EBENFALLS DURCH BERÜHRUNG, TRAGEN UND BEZELTUNG VERUNREINIGEND; FEHLT ETWAS VOM FLEISCHE, SO IST ES REIN, FEHLT ABER VON DER MEHRZAHL DER KNOCHEN, SO SIND SIE ALLERDINGS DURCH BEZELTUNG NICHT VERUNREINIGEND, ABER IMMERHIN SIND SIE NOCH DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND TRAGEN VERUNREINIGEND. EINE ANDERE ERKLÄRUNG: HAT DAS GESAMTE FLEISCH VON EINER LEICHE KEINE OLIVENGRÖSSE, SO IST ES REIN, DAGEGEN IST DER GRÖSSERE TEIL DES KÖRPERBAUES ODER DER GRÖSSERE TEIL [DER KNOCHEN] VON EINER LEICHE VERUNREINIGEND, SELBST WENN SIE ZUSAMMEN KEIN VIERTEL [KAB] BETRAGEN. SIE SPACHEN FERNER ZU R. JEHOŠUA͑: WAS VERANLASST DICH, BEIDES ALS REIN ZU ERKLÄREN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: NEIN, WENN DIESVON EINER LEICHE GILT, DIE [VERUNREINIGEND] IST DURCH MEHRZAHL, EIN VIERTEL [KAB KNOCHEN] UND VERWESUNG, SOLLTE DIES AUCH VON EINEM LEBENDEN GELTEN, DER DURCH MEHRZAHL, EIN VIERTEL [KAB KNOCHEN] UND VERWESUNG NICHT VERUNREINIGEND IST!?"
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ UND R. ÇADOQ BEKUNDETEN, DASS, WENN DER LÖSERSATZ FÜR DAS ERSTGEBORENE EINES ESELS VERENDET, DER PRIESTER DAVON NICHTS HABE; R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT NÄMLICH, [DER EIGENTÜMER] SEI HAFTBAR, WIE BEI DEN FÜNF SELA͑ FÜR EINEN [ERSTGEBORENEN] SOHN, DIE WEISEN ABER SAGEN, ER SEI NICHT HAFTBAR, VIELMEHR GLEICHT DIESER DEM LÖSEGELDE DES ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN.",
+ "R. ÇADOQ BEKUNDETE, DASS DIE TUNKE VON UNREINEN HEUSCHRECKEN REIN SEI; DIE ERSTE [VERSION DER] MIŠNA LAUTETE NÄMLICH: WENN UNREINE HEUSCHRECKEN ZUSAMMEN MIT REINEN EINGELEGT WORDEN SIND, SO IST DIE TUNKE NICHT UNBRAUCHBAR.",
+ "R. ÇADOQ BEKUNDETE, DASS, WENN DAS FLUSSWASSER MEHR IST ALS DAS TROPFWASSER, ES TAUGLICH SEI. EINST EREIGNETE SICH EIN SOLCHER FALL IN BIRATH PELIJA, UND ALS DIE SACHE VOR DIE WEISEN KAM, ERKLÄRTEN SIE ES ALS TAUGLICH.",
+ "R. ÇADOQ BEKUNDETE, DASS, WENN MAN FLUSSWASSER DURCH NUSSBLÄTTER LAUFEN LÄSST, ES TAUGLICHSEI. ELNST EREIGNETE SICH EIN SOLCHER FALL IN AHALAJA, UND ALS DIE SACHE IN DIE QÜADERHALLE KAM, ERKLÄRTEN SIE ES ALS TAUGLICH.",
+ "R. JEHOSÜA UND R. JAQIM AUS HADAR BEKUNDETEN, DASS, WENN MAN EINEN KRUG MIT ENTSÜNDIGUNGSASCHEAUF EIN KRIECHTIER GESTELLTHAT, DIESE UNREIN SEI; R. ELIE͑ZER ERKLÄRTE SIE NÄMLICH ALS REIN. R. PAPJAS BEKUNDETE, DASS, WENN JEMAND ZWEI NAZIRATEGELOBT UND WEGEN DES ERSTEN SICH AM DREISSIGSTEN TAGE DAS HAAR GESCHNITTENHAT, ER ES SICH WEGEN DES ZWEITEN AM SECHZIGSTEN TAGE SCHNEIDE; UND DASS, WENN ER DIES AM NEUNUNDFÜNFZIGSTEN TAGE GETAN HAT, ER SEINER PFLICHT GENÜGT HABE, DENN DER DREISSIGSTE TAG WERDE IHM ANGERECHNET.",
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ UND R. PAPJAS BEKUNDETEN, DASS DAS JUNGE VON EINEM HEILSOPFERALS HEILSOPFER DARGEBRACHT WERDE. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGTE NÄMLICH, DAS JUNGE VON EINEM HEILSOPFER WERDE NICHT ALS HEILSOPFER DARGEBRACHT, DIE WEISEN ABER SAGTEN, ES WERDE WOHL ALS SOLCHES DARGEBRACHT. HLERZU SAGTE R. PAPJAS: ICH BEKUNDE, DASS WIR EINST EINE HEILSOPFERKUH HATTEN, DIE WIR AM PESAḤFESTE VERZEHRTEN, UND AUCH DAS JUNGE DERSELBEN VERZEHRTEN WIR AM FESTEALS HEILSOPFER.",
+ "DIESELBEN BEKUNDETEN, DASS DIE ROLLBRETTERDER BÄCKER VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG SIND; R. ELIE͑ZER SAGTE NÄMLICH, SIE SEIEN NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. DIESELBEN BEKUNDETEN AUCH, DASS, WENN MAN EINEN OFENIN EINZELNE RINGE ZERSCHNITTEN UND ZWISCHEN DIE RINGE SAND GETANHAT, ER UNREIN SEI; R. ELIE͑ZER ERKLÄRTE NÄMLICH EINEN SOLCHEN ALS REIN. DIESELBEN BEKUNDETEN FERNER, DASS MAN DAS JAHR WÄHREND DES GANZEN [MONATS] ADAR INTERKALIERENKÖNNE; SIE SAGTEN NÄMLICH, NUR BIS ZUM PURIMFESTE. DIESELBEN BEKUNDETEN FERNER, DASS MAN DAS JAHR BEDINGUNG S WEISEINTERKALIEREN KÖNNE. EINST WAR R. GAMLIÉL VERREIST, UM ERLAUBNIS ÜBER ETWAS VOM HEGEMON IN SYRIEN EINZUHOLEN, UND VERSPÄTETE SICH MIT SEINER RÜCKKEHR; DA INTERKALIERTEN SIE DAS JAHR UNTER DER BEDINGUNG, DASS, WENN R. GAMLIÉL EINVERSTANDEN SEIN WÜRDE, DAS JAHR INTERKALIERT SEI.",
+ "R. MENAḤEM B. SIGNAJ BEKUNDETE, DASS DER ANSATZ EINES KESSELSDER OLIVENSIEDER VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG UND DER DER FÄRBER NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG SEI; SIE SAGTEN NÄMLICH, DIE SACHE VERHALTE SICH ENTGEGENGESETZT.",
+ "R. NEḤUNJA B. GUDGADA BEKUNDETE, DASS EINE DURCH IHREN VATER VERHEIRATETE TAUBSTUMME DURCH EINEN SCHEIDEBRIEF GESCHIEDENWERDEN KÖNNE, DASS EINE AN EINEN PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE MINDERJÄHRIGE JISRAÉLITINHEBE ESSENDÜRFE, UND DASS, WENN EINE SOLCHEGESTORBEN IST, IHR MANN SIE BEERBE. FERNER, DASS MAN FÜR EINEN GERAUBTEN, IN EINEN PALAST EINGEBAUTEN BALKEN NUR DEN WERT ZU ERSETZENHABE, UND DASS EIN SÜNDOPFER, WENN ES GERAUBT UND DIES DEN LEUTEN UNBEKANNT IST, SÜHNE SCHAFFE; EINE VORSORGLICHE BESTIMMUNG FÜR DEN ALTAR."
+ ],
+ [
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ B. BETHERA BEKUNDETE, DASS DAS BLUT VON ÄSERN REIN SEI. R. ŠIMO͑N B. BETHERA BEKUNDETE, DASS, WENN EIN TEIL DER ENTSÜNDIGUNGSASCHE VON EINEM UNREINEN BERÜHRT WORDEN IST, DAS GANZE UNREIN SEI. R. A͑QIBA FÜGTE NOCH DAS FEINMEHL, DAS RÄUCHERWERK, DEN WEIHRAUCH UND DIE KOHLEN HINZU; WENN NÄMLICH EIN AM SELBEN TAGE UNTERGETAUCHTER VON DIESEM EINEN TEIL BERÜHRT HAT, SO HAT ER DAS GANZE UNTAUGLICH GEMACHT.",
+ "R. JEHUDA B. ABBA UND R. JEHUDA DER PRIESTER BEKUNDETEN, DASS EINE AN EINEN PRIESTER VERHEIRATETE MINDERJÄHRIGE JISRAÉLITIN HEBEESSEN DÜRFE, SOBALD SIE UNTER DEN BALDACHIN GEKOMMEN, NOCH BEVOR SIE BESCHLAFEN WORDEN IST. R. JOSE DER PRIESTER UND R. ZEKHARJA B. HAQAÇAB BEKUNDETEN FOLGENDES: EINST WURDE IN AŠQELON EIN MINDERJÄHRIGES MÄDCHEN VERPFÄNDET, UND DIE ANGEHÖRIGEN IHRER FAMILIE STIESSEN SIE AUS, OBGLEICH IHRE ZEUGEN BEKUNDET HATTEN, DASS SIE MIT NIEMAND ISOLIERT WAR UND NICHT VERUNREINIGT WORDEN IST. DA SPRACHEN DIE WEISEN ZU IHNEN: GLAUBT IHR IHNEN, DASS SIE VERPFÄNDET WAR, SO GLAUBT IHNEN AUCH, DASS SIE MIT NIEMAND ISOLIERT WAR UND NICHT VERUNREINIGT WORDEN IST, UND GLAUBT IHR IHNEN NICHT, DASS SIE MIT NIEMAND ISOLIERT WAR UND NICHT VERUNREINIGT WORDEN IST, SO GLAUBT IHNEN AUCH NICHT, DASS SIE VERPFÄNDET WAR.",
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ UND R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA BEKUNDETEN, DASS DIE WITWE [EINES MENSCHEN AUS] EINER MISCHFAMILIE FÜR PRIESTER TAUGLICH SEI, DENN DIE MISCHFAMILIE IST ZUSTÄNDIG, [HIRE MITGLIEDER] ALS UNREIN ODER ALS REINZU ERKLÄREN, AUSZUSTOSSENODER AUFZUNEHMEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SPRACH : WIR WOLLEN EURE BEKUNDUNG ENTGEGENNEHMEN, WAS ABER KÖNNEN WIR TUN GEGEN DIE BESTIMMUNG DES R. JOHANAN B. ZAKKAJ, ZU DIESEM BEHUFEKEIN GERICHTSKOLLEGIUM EINZUSETZEN; DIE PRIESTER WÜRDEN NÄMLICH NUR HINSICHTLICH DER AUSSTOSSUNG GEHORCHEN, NICHT ABER HINSICHTLICH DER AUFNAHME.",
+ "R. JOSE B. JOE͑ZER AUS ÇEREDA BEKUNDETE, DASS DIE WIDDERHEUSCHRECKEREIN SEI, DASS DIE FLÜSSIGKEITEN IM SCHLACHTHAUSEREIN SEIEN, UND DASS, WER EINEN TOTEN BERÜHRT, UNREINSEI; MAN NANNTE IHN DAHER JOSE DEN ERLAUBENDEN.",
+ "R. A͑QIBA BEKUNDETE IM NAMEN DES NEḤEMJA AUS BEDALI, DASS MAN AUF DIE AUSSAGE EINES ZEUGENHIN EINER FRAU ZU HEIRATEN ERLAUBE. R. JEHOŠUA͑ BEKUNDETE, DASS KNOCHEN, DIE IN DER HOLZKAMMERGEFUNDEN WERDEN UNREINSEIEN. DIE WEISEN SAGTEN, MAN LESE SIE EINZELN AUF, UND ALLES BLEIBE REIN.",
+ "R. ELIE͑ZER SAGTE: ICH HÖRTE, DASS MAN BEI DER ERBAUUNG DES TEMPELSVORHÄNGE VOR DEM TEMPEL UND VOR DEN VORHÖFEN GEMACHT HATTE, NUR WURDEN [DIE WÄNDE] DES TEMPELS AUSSERHALB DERSELBEN UND DIE DER VORHÖFE INNERHALB DERSELBEN GEBAUT. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGTE: ICH HÖRTE, DASS MAN DIE OPFER DARBRINGE, AUCH WENN DER TEMPEL NICHT VORHANDEN IST, DASS MAN HOCHHEILIGES ESSE, AUCH WENN DIE TEMPELMAUERNICHT VORHANDEN IST, UND MLNDERHEILIGES UND ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN, AUCH WENN DIE STADTMAUERNICHT VORHANDEN IST, WEIL DIE ERSTE HEILIGUNGFÜR DIE DAMALIGE ZEIT UND FÜR DIE ZÜKUNFT GALT.",
+ "R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGTE: ICH HABE EINE ÜBERLIEFERUNG VON R. JOḤANAN B. ZAKKAJ, DER SIE VON SEINEM LEHRER UND SEIN LEHRER VON DESSEN LEHRER HATTE, ES SEI EINE MOŠE AM SINAJ ÜBERLIEFERTE LEHRE, ELIJAHU WERDE NICHT KOMMEN, ALS REIN ODER ALS UNREINZU ERKLÄREN, AUSZUSTOSSENODER AUFZUNEHMEN, SONDERN DIEJENIGEN AUSZUSTOSSEN, DIE DURCH GEWALT AUFGENOMMEN WORDEN SIND, UND DIEJENIGEN AUFZUNEHMEN, DIE DURCH GEWALT AUSGESTOSSEN WORDEN SIND. IN TRANSJARDEN WAR EINE FAMILIE BETH ÇERIPHA, DIE DURCH BEN ÇIJON GEWALTSAM AUSGESTOSSENWURDE; DASELBST WAR AUCH EINE ANDERE FAMILIE, DIE DURCH BEN ÇIJON GEWALTSAM AUFGENOMMEN WURDE. SOLCHE BEISPIELSWEISE WIRD ELIJAHU BEI SEINER ANKUNFT ALS UNREIN ODER REIN ERKLÄREN, AUSSTOSSEN ODER AUFNEHMEN. R. JEHUDA SAGTE, NUR AUFZUNEHMEN, ABER NICHT AUSZUSTOSSEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE, [ER WERDE KOMMEN,] UM STREITIGKEITEN ZU SCHLICHTEN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, WEDER AUSZUSTOSSEN NOCH AUFZUNEHMEN, SONDERN FRIEDEN UNTER IHNEN ZU STIFTEN, DENN ES HEISST:siehe, ich sende euch den Propheten Elija &c., daß er die Väter mit den Söhnen und die Söhne mit den Vätern aussöhne."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6243738cb6aef9e2071caf1e36532611820eb634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tBeth Shammai says: \"All women — their time is sufficient.\" [All women who see blood, their time is sufficient to render unclean levitically clean food (taharoth) which they had touched, from the time of sighting (blood) and thenceforward. And we do not say that there was also blood before them, but the walls of the woman had prevented it from coming out, and that she was unclean even before her sighting. For all women render taharoth unclean (when they find blood) in the outer orifice, even though the blood has not come out. The reason that Shammai is not concerned that blood may have been there before her examination is that one would always be worried during intercourse that blood had issued forth and he would separate from his wife, thereby keeping the daughters of Israel from having children.] Hillel says: \"From examination to examination, even for many days.\" [i.e., If she examined herself today and found herself clean and examined herself again at the end of the week and found herself unclean, we are concerned about what she had touched from the first examination on. Perhaps with the withdrawal of her hands (from the first examination) blood had appeared and had been prevented from coming out by the walls of the womb. And we are not concerned about suspension of cohabitation. For it is only in resepct to taharoth that we render (them) unclean from one examination to the next. But (we do) not (render her unclean) in respect to (cohabitation with) her husband. And Shammai holds that if you render her unclean in respect to taharoth, he will be uneasy and will also separate from intercourse.] And the sages say: \"Neither like the one nor like the other.\" [Neither like Shammai, who is too lenient and does not make a fence for his words; nor like Hillel, who is overly stringent. For the womb does not hold in the blood for so long a period of time.] But \"me'eth le'eth\" [i.e., twenty-four hours] (sometimes) shortens al yad (i.e., after) \"examination to examination,\" and \"examination to examination\" (sometimes) shortens al yad \"me'eth le'eth\" [i.e., Two time periods are mentioned in respect to a woman relative to rendering taharoth unclean retroactively, and the more lenient option is followed in both instances. That is, if \"examination to examination\" is longer than \"me'eth le'eth,\" \"me'eth le'eth\" is followed and only the taharoth that she touched at this time yesterday are rendered unclean. And if \"me'eth le'eth\" is longer than \"examination to examination,\" as when she examined herself in the morning and found herself clean, and in the evening and found herself unclean, only those taharoth from the first examination to the second are rendered unclean. And the halachah is in accordance with the sages. (\"al yad\" here is to be understood as \"after,\" as in Nechemiah 3:8, 10, 12)]. Every woman who has a [regular] period, [established by three sightings; and she examined herself at her expected time and found herself unclean], her [expected] time is sufficient [and we do not fear that her flow had come before her time, for, certainly, the \"guest\" comes on time.] And if one uses cloths, this is considered an examination. [We are taught two things here, viz.: It is a mitzvah for every woman to use two examination cloths for intercourse, one before and one after. \"This (the second cloth) is considered an examination,\" viz.] It \"shortens\" through \"me'eth le'eth\" or \"examination to examination\" (respectively). [For I might think that there might have been a drop of blood the size of a mustard-seed, which had been covered by semen, so that this would not constitute an examination; the Mishnah, therefore, apprises us that the ed (cloth) after intercourse is considered an examination. But the ed before intercourse is not considered an examination. For, in her haste for cohabitation, she may not be careful to insert the ed into all the crevices].",
+ "\tShammai says: \"From a kav, for challah\" [i.e., a kav of dough is subject to challah (the Cohein's share of the dough)]. Hillel says: \"From two kavim.\" And the sages say: \"Neither like the one nor like the other; but a kav and a half are subject to challah.\" [\"a kav and a half\" — seven logs, an egg, and a fifth of an egg by the measure of the desert, this being the omer for a head\" (Exodus 16:16), half of an ephah, which is subject to challah, as it is written (Numbers 15:20): \"The first of your dough, challah, etc.\" according to the dough of the desert.\" And they added a sixth in Yerushalmiyoth. It is found, then, that six desert logs are contained in five Yerushalmiyoth; and the remaining log, and an egg, and a fifth of an egg add up to a Yerushalmi log. For the desert log was six eggs. Place them in five big eggs and you find that the log is lacking a big egg. Give an egg and a fifth for the big egg, the fifth of the egg being a sixth in addition to the egg, we find six big eggs, which are a big log, so that (altogether) we find six big logs — a kav and a half (which are subject to challah.)] And when the sizes were enlarged [to the Sepphoris standard, a sixth more than the Yerushalmith, so that the six logs became five, which are five quarters of a kav, a kav being four logs,] they said: \"Five quarters of a kav are subject (to challah\"). R. Yossi says: \"Five (quarters) are exempt (from challah), five and above are subject to it.\" [R. Yossi holds that the desert measure was (eggs) larger than ours, one-twentieth of an egg for each egg. And the halachah is in accordance with the sages, that the shiur (the minimum measurement) for challah is a Yerushalmith kav and a half; that is, six Yerushalmith logs, which, by the desert standard, are seven logs, and an egg and a fifth of an egg — altogether, forty-three eggs and a fifth of an egg. And the Rambam weighed and searched and adjusted and examined and found that the weight of five hundred and twenty derahams of wheat flour is the shiur of flour subject to challah. And the deraham weight is known in Egypt today and in Eretz Yisrael to be the weight of about sixty-one barley grains.]",
+ "\tHillel says a whole hin [twelve logs] of drawn water invalidates a mikveh [if they fall into it before its shiur (its minimum amount of non-drawn water) has been completed. But after it has been completed, even if he threw into it all the drawn water in the world, it is not invalidated.] One must use the terminology of his teacher [i.e., \"hin\" is not Mishnah terminology but Torah terminology. But this is what he heard from his teachers, Shemayah and Avtalyon. And the Rambam received it from his father, of blessed memory, that Shemayah and Avtalyon, being righteous converts (gerei tzedek) could not pronounce \"hin\" and said \"in\" instead, (like [many] people today, who cannot enunciate aleph, cheth, heh, and ayin), so that Hillel also said \"in,\" as his teachers, the gerei tzedek, Shemayah and Avtalyon did.] Shammai says nine kavin. And the sages say: Neither like the one nor like the other; but until there came two weavers from the Dung Gate in Jerusalem and testified in the name of Shemayah and Avtalyon that three logs of drawn water invalidate the mikveh, and the sages substantiated their words. [\"the Dung Gate\": The Tanna mentioned their occupation and their locality to teach that one should not keep himself from the house of study. For there is no trade more menial than that of a weaver, who is not appointed a king or a high-priest. And there is no gate in Jerusalem inferior to the Dung Gate, and yet, they outweighed in their testimony all the sages of Israel.]",
+ "\tAnd why are the words of Shammai and Hillel mentioned in vain? To teach future generations that one should not stand fast upon his words, [i.e., that he should not be intransigent in his opinion]; for \"the fathers of the world\" [Hillel and Shammai] did not stand fast upon their words.",
+ "\tAnd why do we mention the words of the one, among the many, if the halachah is only in accordance with the many? So that if beth-din holds with the view of the one, and relies upon it [against the view of the many], a [future] beth-din cannot annul the words of its fellow beth-din unless it be greater in wisdom than that of the first], and in number [i.e., that the number of disciples in the second be greater than the number of disciples in the first.] If it were greater in wisdom but not in number, or in number but not in wisdom, it cannot annul its words unless it be greater (than the first) both in wisdom and in number.",
+ "\tR. Yehudah said: If so, why do we mention in vain the words of the individual, [in accordance with whose view no beth-din has acted], among the many? So that if a man say [in wonderment, when he sees that he is not being upheld by beth-din]: \"But so have I received it,\" they can say to him: \"You have received it according to this and this man's view,\" [but it has been rejected.]",
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: A quarter [of a kav] of the bones [of the dead], whether from two or three, [cause tent-uncleanliness. And fewer than a quarter cause uncleanliness only by touching or carrying, but not in a tent. And Beth Shammai hold that a quarter of a kav cause tumah (uncleanliness) even if they are from many dead.] And Beth Hillel say: A quarter (of a kav) of the bones of the body. [That is, from the body of one dead man and not from many dead. And, even from one dead man, there is no tumah unless there be in the quarter of a kav either] the majority of the built [i.e., the majority of the built of the body] or the majority of the number [of the bones of a man — one hundred and twenty-five, a man's bones numbering two hundred and forty-eight.] Beth Shammai say: Even one bone. [i.e., If one bone of the dead man fills a quarter of a kav, it causes tent-uncleanliness. The halachah is in accordance with Beth Hillel.]",
+ "\tKarshinim (vetch) of terumah — [In Arabic they are called \"karshena.\" They are camel feed, and are used for human consumption only in a famine year. Terumah is separated from them, since men sometimes eat them, when forced to do so. And they are not sanctified, as other terumoth are] — Beth Shammai say: They are soaked [in water] and rubbed [on one's skin] in cleanliness [i.e., after cleansing one's hands, (netilath yadayim), according to the din of all other terumah food. For hands have the status of second-degree uncleanliness, and invalidate terumah]; and they are fed [to animals] in uncleanliness, [there being no concern about his making them unclean with his hands when feeding them to animals. But when they are not fed to animals, it is forbidden to render them unclean by the hands.] Beth Hillel say: They are soaked, in cleanliness, [for soaking them in water renders them susceptible to acquiring uncleanliness; and if he soaks them in uncleanliness, their tumah and their susceptibility come together. And this alone is what Beth Hillel forbid, as a sign, so that it be known that they are terumah], and they are rubbed (on the skin) and fed (to animals) in uncleanliness. Shammai says: Let them be eaten tzarid, [\"dry,\" as in \"tzarid of menachoth,\" there being a place in the meal-offerings where the oil did not reach. Here, too, let them be eaten dry, so there not be liquid upon them when they are eaten, so that it not be recognized that they were made susceptible of acquiring uncleanliness.] R. Akiva says: All that is done with them [even soaking] may be done in uncleanliness. [The halachah is in accordance with Beth Hillel.]",
+ "\tOne who exchanges a sela-worth of second-tithe money [i.e., one who has copper coins of second-tithe (ma'aser sheni) money, and he comes to exchange them for a silver sela to take up to Jerusalem because of the burden of the way] — Beth Shammai say: For the whole sela, coins. [i.e., If he comes to exchange them, he exchanges all of them, and he gives (copper) coins for the whole sela.] And Beth Hillel say: (He should take with him) a shekel [half a sela] in silver, and a shekel in (copper) coins. [For when he comes to Jerusalem, he will need coins immediately to buy what he needs to eat; and if all run to the money changer to change (a whole sela for copper coins), the coins will become dear and ma'aser sheni will suffer a loss. Therefore, they should take (copper) coins with them for their immediate needs, and, when they give out, he should exchange the silver that he has, little by little.] R. Meir says: Silver and fruits are not to be redeemed for silver [i.e., if one has half a silver dinar of second-tithe money and second-tithe fruits worth half a dinar, he should not combine them to redeem them for a dinar.] And the sages permit it [in such an instance, by combining it with fruits, since he has only half a dinar of silver. But to redeem a silver dinar and fruits worth a dinar for half a sela, which is worth two dinars — the sages agree that this is not to be done. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tOne who exchanges a sela of second-tithe money in Jerusalem [i.e., if he exchanged a sela that he had for copper coins to expend them for the needs of a second-tithe meal — Beth Shammai say: For the whole sela, coins [i.e., if he wishes to exchange all the selaim that he has for coins, he may do so.] And Beth Hillel say: A shekel in silver and a shekel in coins. [i.e., he should exchange only half, lest he not remain in the city until he has spent all of them and he deposit them in the city until the next holiday and the coins deteriorate. And if he re-exchanges them for selaim, the money changer will profit twice, and ma'aser sheni will lose.] Those who deliberate in the presence of the sages, [i.e., Shimon b. Azzai, Shimon b. Zoma and Chanan Hamitzri] say: For three dinars, silver, and for one dinar, coins. [i.e., he should take coins only for one dinar, and three silver dinarim should remain.] R. Akiva says: For three dinars, silver; and for the fourth, a quarter in coins. [i.e., For the fourth silver dinar, he should take only a fourth in copper coins, and three-quarters, silver, so that he ends up with one-sixteenth of a sela in copper coins alone.] R. Tarfon says: Four esperi, silver. [A silver dinar equals five esperi (a Greek coin, which is still called by the same name), so that a sela equals twenty esperi. Therefore, in exchange for a dinar, he receives four silver esperi and one espero of copper (coins), and he ends up with one-twentieth of a sela in copper coins alone.] Shammai says: Let him leave it in the shop and eat in accordance with it. [i.e., He should not exchange it for coins at all, lest he forget and render them chullin (i.e., non-sanctified); but let him leave the sela with the shopkeeper and eat corresponding to its worth, until it is used up. The halachah is in accordance with Beth Hillel alone.]",
+ "\tA bridal chair whose chipuyim were removed — Beth Shammai rule it unclean (if sat upon by a zav), and Beth Hillel rule it clean. [(\"whose chipuyim were removed\":) Our rabbis understand \"chipuyim\" as in \"chafei pothachath\" (Shabbath 81a), which are teeth (i.e., projections) protruding from keys that they make in the Arab lands. Here, too, they make projections on the bridal chair on which to lean. The Rambam understands it as carvings and figures made of wood or stone affixed upon the bridal chair. \"Beth Shammai rule it unclean\" (tamei): for it is still fit for sitting. \"And Beth Hillel rule it clean\" (tahor): for it is unfit for a bride and considered broken.] Shammai says: Even the frame (malbein) of the chair is tamei. [That is, even the frame itself without the seat is tamei; how much more so the seat itself without its appurtenances. (\"malbein\":) the form of a square brick made upon the seat, on which one sits.] A seat affixed to a kneading trough [If one brought a seat from a different place and affixed it to a kneading trough to be sat upon (and a kneading trough itself is not rendered tamei if sat upon, for it is made for kneading and not for sitting)] — Beth Shammai rule it tamei, [for the seat is not \"neutralized\" (batel) by the kneading trough.] And Beth Hillel rule it tahor [if sat upon, for the seat is neutralized by the kneading trough. (But if the seat is built into the kneading trough itself, both Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel agree that it is tahor)]. Shammai says: Even if it were built into it [i.e., even if the seat were built into the kneading trough itself, it is tamei if sat upon by a zav.]",
+ "\tThese are the cases where Beth Hillel reversed (their ruling) to teach in accordance with Beth Shammai: If a woman came from abroad and said: \"My husband died,\" she may remarry; \"my husband died,\" she may perform levirate marriage. And Beth Hillel say: We did not hear (that she is permitted to remarry) except when she came from the wheat harvest) [as in the event that occurred, where men went to harvest wheat, and a snake bit and killed one of them, and his wife came and apprised beth-din of it, whereupon they sent and found her account to be correct. And they permitted it only in like circumstances; but she was not believed (to testify) about what had happened abroad.] (At this,) Beth Shammai said to them: (She may remarry) whether she came from the wheat harvest or the olive harvest, and from abroad. The sages stated \"wheat harvest\" only in that this happened to be the case, [but the same applies to all places] — whereupon Beth Hillel retracted (their ruling) to rule according to Beth Shammai. Beth Shammai say: She marries and she takes her kethubah (payment). Beth Hillel say: She marries, but does not take her kethubah — whereupon Beth Shammai said to them: You permitted an ervah (i.e., remarrying), which is more stringent, and you did not permit money, which is less stringent! Beth Hillel answered: We have found that her brothers do not enter the inheritance [of her husband] by her testimony, [it being written (Deuteronomy 19:15): \"By word of two witnesses, etc.\", but vis-à-vis her marrying, the rabbis were lenient, so that she not remain an agunah.] Beth Shammai responded: But should we not learn (the ruling) from the scroll of her kethubah [i.e., from the formula of the kethubah deed], where he writes to her: \"If you marry another, take what is written (over) to you\" [and she did remarry, wherefore she should take her kethubah (payment)!] — whereupon Beth Hillel retracted (their ruling) to rule according to Beth Shammai.",
+ "\tIf one were half-slave, half-free, [as the slave of two partners, who was freed by one of them, or as one whose master received from him half of his (redemption) money, by which half of him was freed], he serves his master one day and himself another day. These are the words of Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: You have aided his master, [who loses nothing], but you have not aided him! He cannot marry a maidservant, [because of the part of him that is free], and he cannot (marry) a free woman, [because of the part of him that is slave]. Shall he abstain (from marriage)? Was the world not created for having children? viz. (Isaiah 5:18): \"Not for naught did He create it; to be settled did He form it!\" But, for the world's amendment (tikkun haolam), we force his master to free him, and he writes (his master) a note (of indebtedness) for half his worth. [(The same applies if he were the slave of a hundred partners; all of them are forced to free him)] — whereupon Beth Hillel retracted, to rule in accordance with Beth Shammai.",
+ "\tAn earthenware vessel [whose cover is (completely) fastened upon it] protects all that is in it (from tent-uncleanliness) according to Beth Hillel, [it being written (Numbers 19:15): \"And every open vessel whose cover is not fastened upon it is unclean.\" But if its cover is fastened upon it, it and what is in it, whether vessels or food and drink, is clean. And the verse speaks of an earthenware vessel, it being written: \"And every open vessel,\" connoting a vessel that contracts tumah through its opening and not through its back (i.e., an earthenware vessel).] And Beth Shammai say: It protects only food and drink and earthenware vessels (that are in it), [but not other vessels]. Beth Hillel asked them: Why? Beth Shammai answered: Because it (the earthenware vessel containing them) is tamei through an am ha'aretz (ignoramus) [For everything found with an am ha'aretz, both vessels and food and drink, are all in a status of tamei, because they are not versed in the halachoth of tumah and taharah, and think that what is tamei is tahor], and an unclean vessel does not intervene [i.e., it does not protect against tumah, but only a clean vessel does. An unclean vessel does not protect what is in it (from tent-uncleanliness). And the vessels of an am ha'aretz, since they are in a status of tamei, do not protect.] (At this,) Beth Hillel asked them: But did you not rule \"tahor\" the food and drink in it? Beth Shammai answered: When we ruled the food and drink in it \"tahor,\" we did so for him, [the am ha'aretz himself. And we have no fear that a Torah scholar will come to use them, for they separate themselves from them. And even without this, all of their food is tamei. Therefore, as to food and drink and earthenware vessels, which cannot be purified in a mikveh, which were in the vessel of an am ha'aretz, whose cover was (completely) fastened — we tell them that they are tahor. And we have no fear that a Torah scholar will borrow from them and use them, for they are in the status of tamei to them and can never be made tahor. But with vessels that can be immersed (in a mikveh), we fear that a Torah scholar may borrow from them and use them without haza'ah (sprinkling the purification waters) on them the third and seventh days, not knowing that they had become tamei in a tent of the dead and thinking that immersion (in a mikveh) itself is sufficient for them, to free them of their tumah that they had contracted through the am ha'aretz], but when you (Beth Hillel) ruled the vessel \"tahor,\" you did so for you and for him. [For a Torah scholar might come to use it. Therefore, they (Beth Shammai) ruled the same for all, that a vessel that could be immersed is not protected by a sealed covering, neither for a Torah scholar nor for an am ha'aretz. If they came to decree that the earthenware vessel of an am ha'aretz never \"protects\" (even) with a fastened cover, because it is in the status of tamei, the amei ha'aretz would never accept this, thinking that they are expert (in these laws) and that they keep their vessels tahor, and that their vessels \"protect.\"] And Beth Hillel retracted, to rule in accordance with Beth Shammai."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Chanina, the adjutant high-priest, testified as to four things: In all the days of the Cohanim they did not refrain from burning flesh that had become tamei through the \"offspring\" (velad) of tumah together with flesh that had become tamei through an av hatumah (proto[\"father\"]-tumah,) even though they thereby added tumah to its tumah. [(\"offspring\":) velad of velad is meant, i.e., flesh of third-degree tumah, having become tamei through a velad of a velad, having touched second-degree tumah and become third-degree tumah. They did not refrain from burning it together with flesh that had become tamei through an av hatumah (and had thus become first-degree tumah). And when this flesh, which in the beginning had been third-degree tumah, touches the flesh which had touched the av hatumah, it becomes second-degree tumah, having touched first-degree tumah. It is found, then, that tumah has been added to its tumah, it first having been third-degree, and now being second-degree — in spite of which they did not refrain from burning it together with a higher degree of tumah. For since this lesser degree is also to be burnt they were not concerned if it thereby became a higher degree of tumah. And even though, according to the Torah, food does not render other foods tamei¸ it being written in this regard: \"It is tamei\" — it is tamei, but it does not render tamei food like it — still, the Rabbis decreed that food does render other food unclean.]",
+ "\tR. Chanina, the adjutant high-priest, testified: In all of my days I never saw the hide (of a bechor [a first-born animal]) going out to the burning site [after it had been flayed, if it were found to be treifah, even though the p'sul (the disqualifying factor) were in it before the flaying — since it was not recognized until after the flaying]. R. Akiva said: From his words we learn that if one flays a bechor and it is found to be a treifah, the Cohanim may enjoy its hide, and it is not burned. [R. Akiva comes to let us hear that even a blemished bechor, which is slaughtered outside of the sanctuary because of its blemish, the Torah (not having allowed it to be sacrificed but) only to be eaten, it being written (Deuteronomy 15:21): \"In your gates (i.e., outside of the sanctuary) shall you eat it\" — if it died, its hide is forbidden and it requires burial. And R. Akiva apprised us that when its being a treifah is not recognized until after it is flayed, its shechitah and its flaying permits its hide as if its blood had been sprinkled in the sanctuary.] The sages say: \"We have not seen\" is no proof [i.e., perhaps it never happened in his days that it was found to be treifah after flaying, and if it happened and they burned it, he did not see it]; but it goes out to the burning site.",
+ "\tHe, too, [R. Chanina, the adjutant high-priest,] testified about a small village near Jerusalem where there was an old man who lent (money) to all the men of the village and wrote with his own hand a note of indebtedness [on the borrower], and others signed [i.e., kosher witnesses signed the note]; and it (a case of such a note) came before the sages and they permitted it, [even though the writer of the note was the lender and an \"interested party.\"] Correspondingly, you learn that a woman writes her get (bill of divorce) [and kosher witnesses sign], and a man writes his receipt, [a note of \"waiving,\" his wife waiving her kethubah payments.] For there is no authorization of a get except by its signatures [i.e., the witnesses signed on the get are the essential cause of the confirmation of the get. Therefore, when kosher witnesses sign it, it is kosher, even though it is written by the woman.]",
+ "\tR. Yishmael said three things before the sages in Kerem Beyavneh [The sages used to sit in rows, like a vineyard (kerem) planted row on row of vines]: (He said) about a scrambled egg [in a pot, the white being intermixed with the yoke], placed over a green of terumah, that it is considered chibbur (\"connection\"). [i.e., If a tevul yom touches the egg, even though it is chullin (i.e., non-terumah), terumah not obtaining with an egg, and a tevul yom not invalidating chullin, still it is considered \"chibbur\" (a connection of the egg with the green) and the green is invalidated as if he had touched it.] And if it were like a dome [i.e., If the egg had \"swollen\" and become like a dome over the green (nothing intervening between it and the green)], it is not chibbur.",
+ "\tThree questions were asked before R. Yishmael, and he did not rule \"forbidden\" or \"permitted,\" and R. Yehoshua b. Matiya explicated them [i.e., when, liable; and when, not liable]: puncturing an abscess on the Sabbath — if to make an opening for it, he is liable [for \"boneh\" (\"building\")]; and if to remove pus from it, he is not liable. [For it is \"a labor that is not needed for its own sake\", (the labor being the opening.) And this (abscess) does not require an opening henceforward, so that only a rabbinic issur obtains, which, because of the pain factor was not decreed. He is, therefore, not liable, and it is permitted.]",
+ "\tThree items were mentioned by R. Yishmael, and R. Akiva did not concur with him, viz.: Garlic, unripe grapes, and unripe ears, which were weighted [with stones] on the eve of Sabbath [so that their juice run from them to be dipped in (on Sabbath)] — R. Yishmael says: [since he has weighted and crushed them before Sabbath,] he may finish [and eat them] after dark, [on the Sabbath. And these are not like juices that flowed (from fruits), which are forbidden (to be eaten on the Sabbath) lest he come to squeeze (the fruit). For here, even if he does squeeze it, he does not transgress a Torah issur, since the juice flows out, of itself.] And R. Akiva sys: He may not finish, [in order to eat it after he sanctified the day, for they are forbidden like all juices that have flowed out (of fruits). The halachah is in accordance with R. Yishmael.]",
+ "\tThree things were said before R. Akiva, two by R. Eliezer and one by R. Yehoshua. Two by R. Eliezer: A woman may walk out (on the Sabbath) with \"a golden city\" [a golden crown in the form of the city of Jerusalem; and we do not fear that she may take it off and show it to someone and come to carry it four amoth in the public domain]. And (he said): Pigeon-flyers are unacceptable as witnesses. [\"pigeon-flyers\" — \"gamers,\" i.e., If your pigeon beats my pigeon, I will give you this and this.\" Or, one who trains a pigeon to divert other pigeons to his coop, (which is \"theft\" vis-à-vis \"the ways of peace\" (darkei shalom), but not actual theft)].",
+ "\tR. Akiva said three things. About two, they (the sages) concurred with him; about one, they did not concur with him. (He said) about the shoe of those who work in lime [(The lime workers wore wooden shoes to protect their feet from being burnt by the lime)], that it (the shoe) contracts midras (\"treading\"-) uncleanliness [if worn by a zav]. And (he said) about what was left of an oven [that was very large and became tamei and was afterwards broken, that it does not become tahor unless what was left over was less than] four [(tefachim) in height. (An \"oven\" in the Mishnah was made like a big pot without a bottom, connected with clay to the ground, which was its \"bottom.\")] For they (the sages) (originally) had said (\"less than) three,\" and (now) they concurred with him.",
+ "\tHe [R. Akiva] was wont to say: A father endows his son with beauty, strength, wealth, wisdom, and years [i.e., long life. Because the nature of the son is likely to be similar to that of the father, from the beginning of his creation he is endowed with beauty, strength, wisdom, and years; and wealth is bequeathed him by his father. To me, the Mishnah seems to mean that if a man merits it, his sons come to acquire all of these things], and (he endows him) with the number of generations before him. [Sometimes, the Holy One Blessed be He assures the father that He will grant some favor to his children in the third or fourth generation, and it is the father's merit that secures that favor for his children]; and that is the \"ketz\" (\"ending\"). [i.e., that is the meaning of the \"ketz\" assigned by the Holy One Blessed be He to arrive at a certain time or at a certain generation], as in (Isaiah 41:4): \"He calls out the generations from the beginning.\" Even though it is written (Genesis 15:3): \"And they will serve them, and they will afflict them four hundred years,\" it is written (afterwards, Ibid. 16): \"And the fourth generation will return here.\" [so that the number of generations, which is \"the fourth generation,\" is the ketz of the \"four hundred years\" (referred to above).]",
+ "\tHe [R. Akiva] was also wont to mention five things as being of twelve months duration: the judgment of the generation of the flood — twelve months. The judgment of the Egyptians — twelve months. The judgment of Job — twelve months. The judgment of Gog and Magog in time to come — twelve months. The judgment of the wicked in Gehinnom — twelve months, viz. (Isaiah 6:23): \"And it shall be, from the month [of his death] until its month\" [one year later in Gehinnom, that he will come (from Gehinnom) to bow down before the L rd.] R. Yochanan b. Nuri says: [He will be in Gehinnom] from Pesach [i.e., the first day of Pesach, which is called \"Sabbath,\" it being written (Leviticus 23:15): \"And you shall count for yourselves from the morrow of the Sabbath, etc.\"] until Atzereth [(Leviticus, Ibid.) \"the morrow of the seventh week\"], viz. (Isaiah, Ibid.): \"and from the Sabbath [(the first day of Pesach)] in its Sabbath (Atzereth).\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAll (things) that cause tumah in a tent, [such as a corpse, or netzel (decomposed matter of a corpse), or a tarvad (a type of spoon) full of decayed matter, and all those things mentioned in the beginning of Chapter II of Ohaloth], whose [minimum size for uncleanliness] have been divided into two and brought into a house [i.e., into a tent] — R. Dossa b. Hyrcanus rules it tahor, [holding that the parts to not combine into the required size], and the sages rule it tamei. How so? If one touches or carried two half-olive sizes of neveilah (carrion) [(He opens with \"tent-\" (uncleanliness) and explains \"neveilah,\" to teach that just as R. Dossa holds that they do not combine for tent-uncleanliness, he also holds that they do not combine for \"touching and carrying\" uncleanliness, both for a dead body and for neveilah)], and, with a dead body, if one touches a half-olive size and \"tents\" over a half-olive size, [for one who tents over a dead body is tamei, just as if he were with the dead body in a tent. (And all of these \"tentings\" in the first part, speak of \"compressed\" tumah (\"tumah retzutzah), where there is not, between the tumah and the tent, the space of a tefach, for which reason the sages rule it tamei. For a \"tent\" of this kind is considered \"touching.\" And the second part, viz.: \"But if one touches a half-olive size and something else tents over him and a half-olive size, etc.,\" where the sages concur that it is tahor — this obtains where there is a space of (at least) a tefach between the tumah and the tent, in which instance the sages concur that they do not combine — \"touching\" and \"tent\" (uncleanliness) being two separate \"names\" (i.e., categories), and all that are of \"two names\" do not combine. And R. Dossa holds that even in \"compressed tumah\" they do not combine.)], or if he touches a half-olive size, and a half-olive size tents over him; or if he tents over two half-olive sizes, tenting over a half-olive size, and a half-olive size tenting over him — R. Dossa b. Hyrcanus rules tahor and the sages rule tamei. But if one touches a half-olive size and something tents over him and a half-olive size; or if he tents over a half-olive size and something else tents over him and a half-olive size, he is tahor. R. Meir says: Even in such an instance R. Dossa rules tahor, and the sages, tamei. [R. Meir disagrees with the first tanna, who says that when there is a tefach space between the tumah and the tent, the sages concur that it is tahor, the pieces not combining, (R. Meir) saying that even in such an instance the sages disagree with R. Dossa, holding that \"touching\" and \"tent\" are one name, wherefore they combine to make the (required) minimum size (for tumah), and they rule tamei. (The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir)]. Everything is tamei, except \"touching\" with \"moving,\" [as when he \"touched\" a half-olive size and \"moved\" (heset) a half-olive size], and \"carrying\" with \"tent\", [as when he moved a half-olive size and tented over a half-olive size.] This is the rule: Everything which is of \"one name\" [as in \"touching\" with \"touching,\" \"moving\" with \"moving,\" \"tent\" with \"tent\"] is tamei; of two names, tahor.",
+ "\tSeparated food [e.g., a clump of nuts, pistachios, and almonds, which, when they are separated from each other, do not contain the size of an egg, (the minimum size for making other foods tamei)], do not combine, each with the other, [(if they are tamei, and clean food touched them when they are clumped together) to make clean food tamei, since there is not in each one of them the minimum size for making food tamei.] These are the words of R. Dossa b. Hyrcanus. And the sages say that they do combine.",
+ "\tR. Dossa permits the innards [i.e., the seeds and the juice] of a melon and the discards of greens (of terumah) to zarim (non-Cohanim), and the sages forbid them. The shearings of five lambs, [each lamb] yielding a maneh and a half of wool, [less than that not being considered \"shearings,\" this being the minimum] are subject to the mitzvah of \"the first of the shearings\" — These are the words of R. Dossa. The sages say: five lambs, any amount (of shearings). [Not really, for the rabbis did not mandate \"the first of the shearings\" for less than sixty selaim. But since R. Dossa required a (relatively) large amount, the tanna called the small amount of the sages \"any amount.\" (The weight of a sela is twenty-four ma'im, and the weight of each ma'ah, sixteen barley grains.)]",
+ "\tAll kinds of mattings [made of rubber and the like, which have a border roundabout, and being a \"receptacle\"] are susceptible of dead-body uncleanliness, [but not of mishkav (\"lying down\") and moshav (\"sitting\") uncleanliness, not being fit for those functions)] — These are the words of R. Dossa. And the sages say: midras. [i.e., they are also susceptible of mishkav uncleanliness, being also fit for lying down].",
+ "\tA sling whose receptacle [(where the stone is placed)] is woven, is tamei. And one of leather — R. Dossa b. Hyrcanus rules it tahor, and the sages, tamei. If its finger-hole, [where the finger is placed to fling the stone], is severed, it is tahor; if its handle, it is tamei.",
+ "\tA captive woman [i.e., the wife of a Cohein, who had been taken captive,] eats terumah [and we do not fear that the gentile lived with her and rendered her a zonah, to whom terumah is forbidden.] These are the words of R. Dossa. And the sages say: There is a captive woman that eats, and a captive woman that does not eat. How so? A woman who says: \"I was taken captive, but I am clean\" eats. For \"the tongue that forbids\" [i.e., her saying \"I was taken captive\"] is the tongue that permits, [when she says \"but I am clean.\" ] And if there were witnesses [that she was taken captive], and she says \"I am clean,\" she does not eat.",
+ "\tFour doubts (i.e., in four cases of doubt): — R. Yehoshua rules tamei and the sages rule tahor. How so? The tamei stands [under a tent or under a tree] and the tahor passes by [that way. There is a doubt as to whether he touched or did not touch; or whether or not the tree \"tented\" over both of them and the tahor became tamei — This is one doubt.] The tahor stands and the tamei passes by. [This is a second doubt.] Tumah (an object that is tamei) in a private domain, and taharah in the public domain, [as in the instance of a shop that is open to the public domain, and he is in doubt as to whether he entered it or not]; or taharah in a private domain and tumah in the public domain, [two other doubts] — If there is a doubt as to whether he touched or did not touch, tented or did not tent, moved (hesit) or did not move, R. Yehoshua rules tamei, [holding that since a private domain is involved in this doubt, it is considered \"a doubt of tumah in a private domain,\" which is ruled tamei.] And the sages rule tahor, [holding that since the public domain is involved in this doubt, it is considered \"a doubt of tumah in the public domain,\" which is ruled tahor. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehoshua.]",
+ "\tThree things, R. Tzaddok rules tamei [i.e., susceptible of tumah], and the sages, tahor: the nail of the money changer, [on which he hangs his scales. Our rabbis have explicated it as a nail fixed into a post before the money changer on which he hangs the shutter of the shop, and which they rule tahor because it is ground-based], and the grist-maker's closet [(Those who make grist of beans in their mill have a wooden closet (in which to deposit them)], and an hour-stone [a stone which has lines on which are inscribed the signs of the hours into which is stuck a nail by which they indicate the hours.] R. Tzaddok rules [the closet] tamei [because it is considered a \"vessel\"], and the sages rule it tahor, [for it is a wooden vessel intended to remain stationary and not to be moved. (R. Tzaddok holds that sometimes it is made to be movable.) The halachah is not in accordance with R. Tzaddok.]",
+ "\tFour things, R. Gamliel rules tamei, and the sages, tahor: the teni-cover of the metals of home-owners [(\"teni\":) a metal vessel into which home-owners place refuse or shards of metal. R. Gamliel rules the cover tamei, for it (the cover), too, is considered a vessel, a cover also having a receptacle. And the sages rule it tahor, holding that since it was made only for covering it is not considered a vessel], and the strigil hooks [on which are hung the strigils (\"scratchers\") in the bath houses. (Each of the clients takes a strigil and scratches his feet and his body)], and unfinished metal vessels, [which still require to be smoothed or scraped or hammered, or which lack a rim or an ear. They are not susceptible of tumah according to the sages until they are finished], and a table of two halves [i.e., a clay table which has rims and which is made in such a way that one part is not larger than the other. It is in such an instance that R. Gamliel and the sages differ.] And the sages concur with R. Gamliel that in a table of two parts, where one part is large and the other small, the large part is tamei and the small part, tahor. [The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tIn three things R. Gamliel takes the stringent view, according to the words of Beth Shammai: Hot foods are not stored from Yom Tov to Shabbath. [Beth Shammai hold that one may not bake (from Yom Tov to Shabbath) unless he has made an eruv tavshilin with a loaf. And he may not cook unless he has made an eruv tavshilin with something cooked. And he may not store food (for warmth) unless he had stored something from the eve of Yom Tov). And Beth Hillel hold that one may bake and cook and store on an eruv of cooked food alone], and a menorah is not assembled on Yom Tov [i.e., a menorah whose parts have been disassembled may not be restored, this being like \"building,\" which obtains with vessels. And Beth Hillel hold that \"building\" does not obtain with vessels], and thick loaves are not baked (on Yom Tov), but only thin ones. [Beth Shammai hold that much bread is not baked on Yom Tov because of \"exertion.\" And Beth Hillel say that it is baked, for when there is more bread it bakes better.] R. Gamliel said: From the days of Beth Shammai they did not bake thick loaves but only thin ones. They said to him: What shall we do for your father's house, who were stringent with themselves and lenient with Israel, allowing them to bake thick breads and chari? [(ample dough baked over coals.) The halachah is not in accordance with R. Gamliel in all of his stringencies according to the words of Beth Shammai.]",
+ "\tHe (R. Gamliel) also stated three leniencies: It is permitted (on Yom Tov) to sweep between the beds [on which they used to recline to eat], and mugmar (frankincense) may be placed [on coals, to be inhaled] on Yom Tov. [But all hold that it is forbidden to do so to \"scent\" the vessels], and it is permitted to eat a \"helmeted\" (mekulass) goat on Pesach night. [Its legs and innards hung at its side when they roasted it. They would do this as a remembrance of the Pesach offering, in respect to which it is written (Exodus 12:9): \"its head with its legs with its innards.\" (\"mekulas\":) like a warrior, whose weapons are at his side. The targum of \"a copper helmet\" is \"kulsa denachsha.\"] And the sages forbid [all three: sweeping, because of the making of holes; mugmar, because it is not needed by all, but only by the very delicate or those with body odor; a \"helmeted\" goat, because it gives the impression of consecrated food being eaten outside (the sanctuary). The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
+ "\tThree things were permitted by R. Elazar b. Azaryah and forbidden by the sages: His cow went out (into the public domain on Shabbath) with the strap between her horns [for adornment. And the sages said that it is a \"burden\" and not \"adornment\" to her. (It was not the cow of R. Elazar b. Azaryah, but that of his neighbor, but because he did not protest, it was called by his name.)], and a beast may be curried on Yom Tov [with a kind of iron comb with small teeth. One may comb and scratch a beast with it even though he thereby makes a sore], and he may crush peppers with their [small] mills [made for this purpose]. R. Yehudah says: A beast is not curried on Yom Tov because he thereby makes a sore; but he may scrape [it with a wooden comb, whose teeth are large and do not make a sore.] And the sages say: They are not curried and also not scraped, scraping being decreed against because of currying. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Elazar b. Azaryah, except in the instance of currying a beast alone; for in this he follows the view of R. Shimon, who says that something not intended (like making a sore, in this instance) is permitted, and we rule according to him. And the sages who differ with him hold with R. Yehudah, who says that something not intended is forbidden, and this is not the halachah.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThese things are of the lenient rulings of Beth Shammai and the stringent rulings of Beth Hillel: An egg that was hatched on Yom Tov — Beth Shammai say: It may be eaten and Beth Hillel say: It may not be eaten. [We are speaking of a Yom Tov after Shabbath. Beth Hillel says that it may not be eaten, for every egg that is hatched today is completed the day before, so that Shabbath is found to have \"prepared\" for Yom Tov. But Scripture stated (Exodus 16:5): \"And it shall be on the sixth day, that they shall prepare (for Shabbath) what they shall bring\" — and the sixth day is generally chol (mundane, not a holy day) — whence: Chol prepares for Shabbath, and chol prepares for Yom Tov (which is also called \"Shabbath\"), but Yom Tov does not prepare for Shabbath, and Shabbath does not prepare for Yom Tov. And preparation of the type of (the preparation of) the egg, even though it is in the hands of Heaven, is, nonetheless called \"preparation.\"]",
+ "\tA beast that was born on Yom Tov — all agree that it is permitted to be eaten, [this, provided that its gestation period has been completed.] and a chick that emerged from its egg (on Yom Tov) — all agree that it is forbidden. If one would slaughter an animal and a bird [on Yom Tov, and inquires of beth-din how it should be done] — Beth Shammai say: [Beth-din instructs him to slaughter ab initio and] to dig with a mattock (\"deker\") [that he had stuck in the ground before Yom Tov] and cover (the blood). [That is, he is to remove it from the place where he had stuck it, take up earth, and cover (the blood) with it. We are speaking of an instance where it is stuck in moist earth which is fit for covering, not lacking crumbling. (\"deker\") as in (Numbers 25:8): \"And he thrust through ('vayidkor') both of them.\"] And Beth Hillel say: He may not slaughter unless he had earth prepared. And they agree that if he had (already) slaughtered, he may dig with a mattock and cover it. And oven ashes are (considered) \"prepared.\" [This does not refer to the instance of Beth Hillel and Beth Shammai, but is an independent statement, viz.: \"Oven ashes are (considered) 'prepared.'\" And this obtains only when the oven had been fired before Yom Tov; but if it has been fired on Yom Tov it is forbidden, for it cannot be said that his mind was set on it from yesterday. And if an egg can be roasted in it, the ashes still being hot, it is permitted to cover (the blood) with it. Since they may still be stirred for roasting an egg, he may also use them for covering.]",
+ "\tBeth Shammai say: Hefker for the poor is hefker. [If one made (his produce) hefker (i.e., \"renounced\") for the poor but not for the rich, it has the din of hefker and is not subject to leket, shikchah, and peah or to ma'aser, it being written with respect to leket and peah (Leviticus 19:10): \"To the poor man and to the stranger shall you leave them.\" What is the intent of \"them\"? To apprise us of another \"leaving,\" i.e., hefker, which is like this. Just as this is to the poor and not to the rich, so, hefker is (i.e., can be) to the poor and not to the rich.] And Beth Hillel say: It is not hefker until it is made hefker to the rich, too, like shemitah, [it being written (Exodus 23:11): \"And the seventh year it shall lie fallow and you shall leave it.\" What is the intent of \"and you shall leave it\"? To apprise us that there is another \"leaving,\" i.e., hefker, which is like shevi'ith. Just as shevi'ith is for both rich and poor, so, hefker.] If all the sheaves in the field were (the size of) a kav, and one, four kabin, and it were forgotten, Beth Shammai say that it is not shikchah, and Beth Hillel say that it is shikchah. And, similarly, if all the sheaves were two kabin, and one, eight kabin, and he forgot it, it is shikchah. More than this is not shikchah.]",
+ "\tIf the sheaf were near a gappah [a fence of stones placed one upon the other without loam], a stack, cattle, or [plowing] implements, Beth Shammai say that it is not shikchah, and Beth Hillel say that it is shikchah. [The argument between Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel concerned a sheaf that he took hold of to take to the city and which he placed beside a gappah or a stack, where he forgot it. Beth Shammai say that it is not shikchah because he took hold of it, and Beth Hillel say that it is shikchah. Another interpretation: Beth Shammai say that it is not shikchah even with a sheaf that he did no take hold of at all. For since he placed it next to a particular object, he will come to remember it; and Beth Hillel say that it is shikchah, so long as he did not take hold of it. And Beth Hillel concede that if he took hold of it and then forgot it, it is not shikchah.]",
+ "\tKerem revai (a vineyard in its fourth year), [which requires redemption if he wishes to eat its fruits outside of Jerusalem (and the same applies for every fruit tree)] — Beth Shammai say: It does not require a chomesh (the addition of a fifth of its value), [it not being written thereof in the Torah that a fifth is to be added, as it is written in respect to the second tithe]; and it does not require removal [from the house on the eve of Pesach of the fourth and seventh years, when he removes the tithes, viz. (Deuteronomy 26:13): \"I have removed the holy thing (ma'aser sheni and neta revai) (see Leviticus 27:30 and 19:24) from the house.\"] And Beth Hillel say: It does require a chomesh and it does require removal. [Beth Hillel derive it (by identity) \"holy\"-\"holy\" from ma'aser — Just as ma'aser requires a chomesh and removal, so kerem revai requires a chomesh and removal; and Beth Shammai do not derive it from there.] Beth Shammai say: It [kerem revai] is subject to peret (the taking of individual [fallen] grapes by the poor) and it is subject to oleloth (the taking of single [fallen] bunches by the poor), [for they are considered chullin (non-sacred) re the owner]; and the poor redeem for themselves (the peret and the oleloth that they picked), and eat them in their places and bring up their (redemption) monies to Jerusalem.] And Beth Hillel say: They all go to the wine-press, [for they derive (kerem revai) from ma'aser, and hold that ma'aser sheni is considered sacred re the owner. Therefore, the poor have no share in it. And the owners press the olelim together with the rest of the grapes and bring everything up to Jerusalem.]",
+ "\tA cask of olives, pickled [in salt in order to sweeten them] — Beth Shammai say: It is not necessary to make holes (in the cask). [And even though the mohal (the sap) exuded from them floats upon them, it does not condition them to receive tumah (uncleanliness), for he does not desire that mohal, and we require (for such conditioning) a liquid that he desires, it being written (in that connection, Leviticus 11:38): \"And if water YTN upon a seed.\" It is written \"ki yiten\" (\"if he place\"), but it is read \"yutan\" (\"if it be placed.\") Just as \"yiten\" connotes his desiring it, so \"yutan\" implies his desiring it.] Beth Hillel say: He must make holes in it. [He must perform an act to indicate that he does not desire that mohal to float on the olives, desiring it to leave through the hole that he made in the cask.] And they concede that if he made a hole in it and the lees obstructed it that it is pure (i.e., not conditioned to receive tumah) [for since he did so, he thereby revealed that he did not desire the mahol, so that it no longer conditions them to receive tumah.] If one anointed himself with clean oil and became unclean, and he immersed himself (in a mikveh) — Beth Shammai say: Even if he is dripping [i.e., even if the oil is dripping from his flesh after he immersed], he is clean. And Beth Hillel say: [Even if there remained on his flesh] enough for the anointing of a small limb, [he is clean; but if more, he is unclean. For the oil became unclean when he did, and it remained upon his flesh and rendered him unclean. And the oil on his flesh does not become clean in a mikveh. For there is no liquid which becomes clean in a mikveh but water alone, by hashakah (being dipped in a mikveh while in a vessel)]. And if the oil were tamei in the beginning, Beth Shammai say: If there is enough for the anointing of a small limb, [but not more, it is clean], and Beth Hillel say: Liquid is moist (alone). R. Yehudah says in the name of Beth Hillel: It is moist and moistens (other objects). [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\tA woman is betrothed with a dinar [ninety-six barley-corns weight of silver] or with the worth of a dinar, according to the words of Beth Shammai. And Beth Hillel say: with a p'rutah [a half barley-corn weight of silver] or with the worth of a p'rutah. And how much is a p'rutah? One-eighth of an Italian issar [four barley-corns weight of silver, so called because it was issued in Italy.] Beth Shammai say: A man may divorce his wife with an old get [which he wrote to divorce his wife, continuing to live with her after he wrote the get. Beth Shammai hold that we do not decree against it lest people say: \"Her get preceded her son,\" i.e., lest a year or two pass between the writing and the giving and she have children from him in the interim and then be divorced with that get — so that people, seeing the get as antedating the birth of her son, might come to think that the get were given her at the time of writing and come to cast a blemish upon the child, saying that it was born of an unmarried woman.] And Beth Hillel forbid it. Which is \"an old get\"? A get, after the writing of which he continued living with her. [The halachah: One may not divorce his wife with an old get. And if he divorced her and went to a different country, she may remarry by it ab initio.] If one divorced his wife, and she spent the night with him at an inn, [there being witnesses to their having been alone together, but not to their having cohabited], Beth Shammai say: She does not require a second get from him. Beth Hillel say: she requires a second get from him. [Beth Hillel hold that witnesses to their being alone together are (considered) witnesses to cohabitation. And since a man does not cohabit promiscuously when he can do so legitimately, (we assume that) he betrothed her with this cohabitation. And Beth Shammai hold that we do not consider witnesses to their being alone witnesses to cohabitation until they actually observe her in the act.] When is this so? If she were divorced from marriage. But if she were divorced from betrothal, she does not require a second get from him, for he is not that familiar with her (and is assumed not to have cohabited with her.)",
+ "\tBeth Shammai permit tzaroth (co-wives) to brothers. [They permit the tzarah of an ervah to be taken in yibum (levirate marriage) by one's brother, not expounding (Leviticus 18:8): \"And a woman together with her sister you shall not take to be rivals (litzror),\" which implies: take neither her, her tzarah, nor the tzarah of her tzarah.] And Beth Hillel forbid them. If they [the tzaroth] received chalitzah (release from yibum) [from the brothers], Beth Shammai regard them [the tzaroth] as unfit for marriage within) the priesthood, [their chalitzah being valid (and a chalutzah being forbidden to a Cohein)], and Beth Hillel regard them as fit, [their chalitzah having been unnecessary, and akin to chalitzah from a gentile.] If they were taken in yibum [by the brothers], Beth Shammai regard them as fit [for marriage to Cohanim if they are widowed from their husbands], and Beth Hillel as unfit, [living with those forbidden to them rendering them \"zonah,\" and thus forbidden to a Cohein]. And even though these regard as unfit, and these as fit, Beth Shammai did not keep from marrying women from Beth Hillel, and Beth Hillel did not keep from marrying women from Beth Shammai. [And even though the children of the tzaroth who were taken in yibum according to the ruling of Beth Shammai are mamzerim according to Beth Hillel, (the interdict against a brother's wife applying to them, the punishment for transgression being kareth, and the children of a kareth union being mamzerim), still, Beth Hillel did not keep from marrying women from Beth Shammai, for they would apprise them which came from tzaroth and they would avoid them.] And in all those instances where these ruled clean and the others unclean, they would not keep from observing ritual cleanliness among each other. [i.e., they would lend their vessels to each other.]",
+ "\tIf there were three brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and one of them single — if one of the sisters' husbands died, and the single brother made a ma'amar (a verbal declaration of marriage) in her [(ma'amar - betrothal of a yevamah, which \"takes\" only according to the words of the scribes)], and then the second brother died — Beth Shammai say: His (the third brother's wife) remains with him [For Beth Shammai hold that the woman betrothed by ma'amar is regarded as his wife, so that when her sister falls before him (for yibum) afterwards, she (the first sister) is not forbidden by reason of \"the sister of his linked one\"], and the other goes out [even from chalitzah, by reason of \"the sister of his wife.\"] And Beth Hillel say: — He must send his wife away by get and by chalitzah, and his brother's wife by chalitzah. [For ma'amar is not sufficient to give her (the first) the status of a married woman, and the other (the second) is forbidden by reason of \"the sister of his linked one.\" A get is necessary because of the ma'amar, which is partial betrothal (and betrothal is not dissolved without a get.) and she also requires chalitzah, for since the ma'amar is not bona fide betrothal, she is still linked to him (for yibum) and requires chalitzah to dissolve that linkage; so that first he gives her a get, and then chalitzah.] and this is the instance of which they said (13:7): \"Woe to him by reason of his wife, [whom he must divorce], and woe to him by reason of his brother's wife!\" [whom he must give chalitzah]",
+ "\tIf one forbids his wife by vow from cohabitation [as when he says: \"Let the enjoyment of your cohabitation be forbidden to me\" (But if he says: \"The enjoyment of my cohabitation is forbidden to you,\" she is not forbidden, for he is obligated to her, it being written (Exodus 21:10): \"…and her (conjugal) time he shall not withhold\")] — Beth Shammai say: Two weeks. [If he vowed thus, he must wait two full weeks (before resuming relations); for thus do we find with a woman who gave birth to a female, that she is unclean for two weeks.] And Beth Hillel say: one week. [For thus do we find with respect to a niddah, that she is unclean for seven days; and we derive what is common (a man's becoming angry with his wife and forbidding her by vow) from what is common (niddah, which is a common occurrence) — as opposed to childbirth, which is not that common. And Beth Shammai hold that we derive something which he causes (the vow of the man, which causes her to desist), from something that he causes (childbirth, which comes through him) — as opposed to niddah, which comes of itself. If (he forbids her) more than one week according to Beth Hillel, or more than two weeks according to Beth Shammai, he must send her away and give her her kethubah — even if he were a camel driver, whose conjugal time is once in thirty days, or a mariner, whose conjugal time is once in six months.] If a woman miscarried on the eve of the eighty-first day [of her having given birth to a female, in which instance she brings an offering of atonement on the eighty-first day (for the first birth)], Beth Shammai exempt her from an offering [for the second (miscarried) birth, even though it took place after the \"consummation\" (of her days of purification [viz. Leviticus 12:6]) since it took place at night, when an offering may not be brought, it being written (Ibid. 7:38): \"…on the day that He commanded… to present their offerings,\" wherefore, in respect to the offering, it (the eighty-first day) is considered the day of \"consummation.\"] And Beth Hillel rule it liable (for a second offering) [since she miscarried after the time of \"consummation.\"] A (linen) night-garment with tzitzith, [(which contain a cord of tcheleth, (wool dyed in the (purple) blood of a chilazon)] is kilayim (a forbidden admixture [wool and linen]). Beth Shammai exempt [such a garment from tzitzith in the daytime], and Beth Hillel does not. [In the daytime, the time of the mitzvah (of tzitzith), the positive commandment comes and overrides the negative commandment (against wearing sha'atnez (viz. [Deuteronomy 22:11]: \"You shall not wear sha'atnez, wool and linen together\"). But in the night-time, when the mitzvah of tzitzith does not obtain, it being written (Numbers 15:39): \"And you shall see it (the tcheleth),\" excluding (from the mitzvah) a night-garment, if he wears a linen night-garment with tzitzith attached, he is in transgression of \"You shall not wear sha'atnez.\" Beth Shammai hold that we decree against wearing a (linen) night-garment with tzitzith even in the daytime, so that it not be worn at night when, (the mitzvah of tzitzith not obtaining,) he would be liable for kilayim. And Beth Hillel hold that we do not make such a decree.] The basket of the Sabbath [i.e., a basket full of fruits designated for the Sabbath] — Beth Shammai exempt them [from tithing, holding that Sabbath \"takes hold\" only when it arrives.] And Beth Hillel obligate [them to be tithed immediately, even before the arrival of the Sabbath. For since he designated them for the Sabbath, it so \"took hold\" immediately.]",
+ "\tIf one assumed many Naziritisms and completed his Naziritism and then came to Eretz Yisrael [(For Naziritism obtains only in Eretz Yisrael because of the uncleanliness of \"the lands of the nations.\" And if one vowed Naziritism outside Eretz Yisrael, he is obliged to go up to Eretz Yisrael and observe his Naziritism there)], Beth Shammai say: He becomes a Nazirite for thirty days, and Beth Hillel say: He becomes a Nazirite from the beginning. [He must observe in Eretz Yisrael the number of days of Naziritism that he vowed. And the days of Naziritism that he observed outside of Eretz Yisrael are not regarded as such at all.]",
+ "\t[In a vestibule whose roof split in two, where there are vessels (on the ground) on one side of the split and an unclean object (tumah) on the other side,] if a man were lying (on the ground) [directly] under the split — Beth Shammai say: [The vessels are clean, for] the man does not conduct tumah [from the object to the vessels, only something having a cavity the size of a tefach doing so, (and the air under the split acting as a \"barrier\" between the object and the vessels)]. And Beth Hillel say: A man is [considered as having] a cavity [And even though his intestines are within it, the cavity within the body is regarded as a cavity of a tefach], and the upper part (of his body) conducts the tumah (to the vessels)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Yehudah says: six things are of the leniencies of Beth Shammai and the stringencies of Beth Hillel: the blood of neveiloth — Beth Shammai rule it clean [entirely, it not being considered neveilah], and Beth Hillel unclean. The egg of a neveilah [as when it (the bird) became neveilah in shechitah (slaughtering), and eggs were found in it after shechitah] — If its (the egg's) like were sold in the marketplace, [its shell being hard and finished, like other eggs sold in the marketplace], it is permitted; and if not, it is forbidden, as per the words of Beth Shammai, [it being considered like its intestines]. Beth Hillel forbid it. And they concede that the egg of a treifah (an organically defective bird) is forbidden, it having developed in (a state of) issur (forbiddenness). The blood of a gentile and the \"clean\" blood of a woman leper [the clean blood that she saw in giving birth after seven (\"unclean\") days for (the birth of) a male, and two weeks for a female] — Beth Shammai rule it clean, [it being written in the parshah of zav — (a genital discharge) (Leviticus 15:2): \"Speak to the children of Israel\" — the children of Israel become unclean with zivah, but gentiles do not become unclean with zivah. And the Rabbis decreed that they become like zavin in all respects. Beth Shammai hold: In respect to what did the Rabbis decree? In respect to her spittle and her urine, which are a constant. But they did not decree thus in respect to zivah blood, which is of rarer occurrence. (The Rabbis made a \"sign\" and did not rule it unclean, so that they realize that \"gentile tumah\" is a rabbinic phenomenon and not come to burn terumah and kodshim (consecrated food) because of it.)] And Beth Hillel say: [The blood of a gentile woman is unclean] when it is like her spittle and her urine; [that is, when it is wet and not when it is dry. And it is this \"reminder\" alone that they made for her. For if her tumah were Torah mandated, her blood would be unclean both wet and dry. But now that it is unclean only when wet, we realize that her tumah is rabbinically ordained.]",
+ "\tR. Yossi says: Six things are of the leniencies of Beth Shammai and the stringencies of Beth Hillel: According to Beth Shammai, chicken may be brought up with cheese upon the table, [its issur being only a scribal one], but not eaten. And Beth Hillel say: It may not be brought up (there), [a decree lest he bring up cheese with meat in a boiling pot, which is forbidden according to the Torah, being \"cooking\"]; and it is not eaten (together).",
+ "\tR. Yishmael adduces three instances of the leniencies of Beth Shammai and the stringencies of Beth Hillel: The Book of Koheleth does not render one's hands unclean, [it being Solomon's wisdom and not having been stated by the Holy Spirit.] And Beth Hillel say: It does render the hands unclean. [They hold that Koheleth, too, was stated by the Holy Spirit, wherefore it renders one's hands unclean, as do the other holy writings.] The waters of cleansing (of the red heifer), whose mitzvah has been completed [i.e., after they were sprinkled on the unclean one and he were cleansed by them, if they dripped from his body upon a man or upon vessels], Beth Shammai rules (them) clean, and Beth Hillel, unclean.",
+ "\tR. Eliezer adduces two instances of the leniencies of Beth Shammai and the stringencies of Beth Hillel: The blood of a woman who gave birth [and waited in her blood of uncleanliness (one week for a male and two weeks for a female)] but did not (yet) immerse — Beth Shammai say: [Her blood is] like her spittle and her urine, [which cause tumah when they are wet but not when they are dry. Her blood, too, causes tumah when wet, but not when dry, unlike the blood of a niddah, which causes tumah both (when it is) wet or dry.] And Beth Hillel say: It causes tumah whether wet or dry. [So long as she did not immerse, it is considered like niddah blood, even in the days of cleanliness.] And they concede that if she had a zav discharge while giving birth, [(in which instance she must count seven clean days, as do all other zavoth) that if she did not count and did not immerse and saw blood in her days of cleanliness,] that it causes tumah whether wet or dry, [it being considered zivah blood so long as she has not counted and not immersed.]",
+ "\tIf there were four brothers, two of them married to two sisters, and they died, the surviving two perform chalitzah, but not yibum, [for since both women are linked to each brother, the first to perform yibum violates \"the sister of his linked one,\" who is like his wife.] If they were beforehand and married them, they must send them away. R. Eliezer says in the name of Beth Shammai: They may keep them, and Beth Hillel say: They must send them away. [The Gemara in Yevamoth reverses this, viz.: Beth Shammai say: They must send them away, and Beth Hillel say: They may keep them. And this is the halachah, that if they were beforehand and married them, they may keep them.]",
+ "\tAkavya ben Mahalalel testified in four instances. They said to him: Akavya, retract the four things that you said and we will make you a chief justice of Israel, whereupon he said: \"Better to be called a dolt all of my life and not to be wicked one moment before the L rd,\" so that they not say: \"He retracted because of 'position.'\" He would declare unclean a \"deposited hair,\" [a bahereth (a kind of plague-spot) having \"deposited,\" (as it were) the hair in the skin of the flesh and having departed. As in an instance of a bahereth with a white hair in it. If the bahereth departed and left (i.e., \"deposited\") the white hair in its place and then it (the bahereth) returned — Akavya ben Mehalalel rules it unclean. Since the hair turned white in the bahereth, even though the bahereth that is there now is not the one that turned it white, still, he is unclean.], and (he declared unclean) the 'green' blood (of a niddah.) And the sages rule them clean, [it being written (Leviticus 13:10): \"…and it (the bahereth) turned the hair white\" — only if it turned it white, and not its neighbor. And (Akavya ben Mahalalel) declared unclean the 'green' blood of a niddah, holding it to be like the color of the bright-colored crocus, one of the \"unclean\" colors, which had faded (from the red)]. And he would permit derivation of benefit to a Cohein of the wool of a first-born blemished animal, that had fallen (to the ground) and which he had placed on the window, after which he slaughtered it. And the sages forbade it. [For if you permit to him its wool that falls (to the ground) while it is alive, they will come to delay (the slaughtering of) a firstling so that its wool fall always, and they will (also) come to shear and work with it; and it is forbidden to shear and to work with unfit consecrated animals, it being written (Deuteronomy 12:11): \"…you shall slaughter and eat flesh\" — you shall slaughter, and not shear. And Akavya permits it. For since shechitah avails for (enjoyment of) the wool, which is attached to it, afterwards, it also avails for the wool that has been torn off and placed in the window.] He would say: [The sotah's draught] is not administered to a proselytess or an emancipated maidservant, [it being written (in the oath administered to the sotah [Numbers 5:21]): \"May the L rd render you a curse and an oath in the midst of your people,\" excluding those who are not \"in the midst of your people.\"] And the sages say: They do make them drink. They said to him: There was once an incident of this kind in Jerusalem involving a freed maidservant, Carcamith, and the draught was administered to her by Shemaya and Avtalyon!, whereupon he (Akavya) said to them: \"They made her drink the like!\" [i.e., they did so because they were (proselytes) like her, and not because this was the law. Another interpretation: They gave her the impression that they were giving her the bitter waters to drink, but they were not really doing so.] And they excommunicated him (Akavya), [for having cheapened the honor of Shemaya and Avtalyon]. And he died in his state of excommunication and beth-din stoned his coffin. R. Yehudah said: G d forbid that Akavya was excommunicated. For the (doors of the) azarah (the Temple court) closed on no man in Israel [on Pesach eve, when they went in to slaughter their Pesach offerings, (viz.: \"When the first contingent went in, they closed the doors of the azarah, etc.\")] greater in wisdom and fear of sin than Akavya ben Mahalalel. Who, then, was it that they excommunicated? It was Elazar ben Chanoch, who made light of [the rabbinical ordinances of] washing one's hands. And when he died, beth-din sent and placed a large stone on his coffin, [betokening their separation from him], whence we learn that if one is excommunicated and died in that state, his coffin is \"stoned.\"",
+ "\tAt the time of his death he said to his son: \"My son, retract the four things that I said [re: \"a deposited hair,\" \"'green' blood,\" the torn-off wool of a first-born animal, and the draught of a proselytess and an emancipated maidservant.] He (the son): \"Why did you not retract them?\" Akavya: \"I heard it from the majority and they heard it (the opposite) from the majority. I upheld what I had heard, and they upheld what they had heard. But you heard it from an individual [i.e. from me] and from a majority [against me]. It is better to forsake the words of the individual and to adopt the words of the majority.\" [For he (Akavya), too, had also received it from a majority, so that his words were like those of the majority — wherefore he told him \"Better to forsake, etc.\" For if not so, why \"it is better\"? Is it not explicitly written (Exodus 23:2): \"After the many to incline (the judgment),\" so that it is perforce mandated to forsake the words of the individual? But (in this instance) the reason for saying \"'Better', etc.\" rather than \"One must, etc.\" is that he (Akavya), too, had heard it from a majority. (The halachah is not in accordance with Akavya ben Mahalalel in all of these four instances.)] He (the son): \"Father, commend me to your friends.\" Akavya: \"I will not do so.\" The son: \"Have you, perhaps, found some fault in me?\" Akavya: \"No — your deeds will draw you near (to them), and your deeds will distance you.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Yehudah ben Bava testified in five instances, viz.: minors are taught to refuse [If two brothers were married to two (orphaned) sisters, one an adult and the other, a minor — if the adult's husband died, so that she was \"linked\" for yibum to the husband of the minor, her linkage overrides the marriage of her sister, the minor, and forbids her to him, the marriage of the minor being reckoned naught. (In this instance,) the minor is taught to \"refuse\" him, and her refusal (\"miun\") dissolves his first marriage and he is permitted to take the older sister in yibum. And there is another instance similar to this one in Yevamoth, in the chapter \"Beth Shammai.\"] And (he testified) that a woman may be married on the testimony of one witness. [If her husband went abroad and one witness alone came and said that he had died, she is married on the strength of his testimony.] And (he testified) that a rooster was stoned in Jerusalem because it had killed someone [(It had gnawed out an infant's brain.) And even though it is written (Exodus 21:18): \"If an ox gore, etc.,\" the same applies to all beasts, animals, and birds. For wherever \"ox\" is written, we derive \"ox\" - \"ox\" from Shabbath. Just as there, all beasts, animals, and birds are included, so, here.] And (he testified that) wine must be forty days old for altar libations. [Before then it is forbidden, being considered \"wine from his wine-press.\"] And [he testified about the morning daily burnt-offering that it may be sacrificed in the fourth hour of the day. [For once, in the days of the kingdom of Greece, they had no lambs for burnt-offerings, and they waited to sacrifice the daily morning burnt-offering until the Holy One Blessed be He enlightened their eyes and they found two approved lambs in the lamb pen and sacrificed the morning daily burnt-offering in the fourth hour of the day.]",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua and R. Nechunia b. Elinathan of Kfar Habavli testified about a part [less than an olive-size], which had become separated from a dead body, that it is tamei. [(For all agree that an olive-size of a dead body is tamei like the body itself. They argue only about a small part, less than the size of an olive)]. For R. Eliezer says: They (the sages) said [that body parts have no (minimum) size (for tumah] only about a part from a living animal, [but a part from a dead animal requires a (minimum) size for tumah]. They said to him: Is it not derivable by kal vachomer (a fortiori) [that a part from a dead animal (even less than an olive-size) is tamei, viz.] If from a living animal, which is tahor (clean), a part (even less than an olive-size) which separates from it is tamei — a dead animal, which is tamei, does it not follow (a fortiori) that a part which separates from it is tamei? He said to them: They spoke only about a part from a living animal. And, furthermore, [in rebuttal of the kal vachomer], the tumah of the living is greater than that of the dead! For the living [i.e., a zav, when he is alive,] renders unclean via mishkav and moshav (couch and seat uncleanliness) [all of the vessels] beneath him, [even one hundred of them] to render a man unclean and to render garments unclean, [viz. (Leviticus 15:5): \"And a man who touches what he (a zav) lay upon shall wash his clothes.\"] And he renders what is above him \"madaf\" [All the vessels above the zav, though they be a hundred, one above the other, acquire madaf uncleanliness; that is \"light\" tumah, not rendering men and vessels unclean, as do mishkav and moshav which are beneath him, but (only) food and drink. (\"madaf\" as in Leviticus 26:36: \"the sound of a driven [nidaf] leaf\") — that is, \"light\" tumah. Or, as in \"its open nodef (spreads),\" the \"odor\" of the tumah of the zav spreading far to render unclean all of the vessels above him, even though he did not touch them] —- which is not effected by a dead body. [For of the vessels beneath a dead body, only the first, second, and third acquire uncleanliness, by maga (contact). The vessel touching the dead body becomes like the dead body itself, rendering the vessel that touches it \"av\" (a \"father\" of uncleanliness.) And the third that touches becomes a rishon (\"first\"), after which vessels are not rendered tamei in turn, vessels acquiring tumah only from the av of tumah. Likewise, of the vessels above the dead body, only the first, second, and third are tamei, by way of maga, (contact), and not by way of mishkav and moshav.]",
+ "\tAn olive-size of flesh which separates from the limb of a living man — R. Eliezer rules it tamei, and R. Yehoshua and R. Nechunia, tahor (clean). [A limb which separates from a living man is ruled to he tamei, so long as it is a whole limb — by maga (contact), masa (lifting), and ohel (tent-uncleanliness) — like the dead man himself, it being written (Numbers 16:19): \"And all who touch on the face of the field, one slain by the sword or a dead body\" — a limb separated from a living man by the sword is considered like the dead body itself. And flesh separated from a living man does not cause tumah unless it be (separated from) a whole limb. And when an olive-size of flesh separates from the limb of a living man, R. Eliezer rules it tamei and R. Yehoshua and R. Nechunia, tahor, as will be explained.] A bone the size of a barley-corn which separates from the limb of a living man — R. Nechunia rules it tamei and R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua, tahor. [A bone the size of a barley-corn from a dead body causes tumah by maga and masa, but does not cause ohel-uncleanliness, it being written (Ibid. 18): \"and upon him who touched a bone.\" And it is a law to Moses from Sinai that it causes tumah when it is the size of a barley-corn. And when it is separated from the limb of a living man, R. Nechunia rules it tamei, etc.] They said to R. Eliezer: Why did you see fit to rule tamei an olive-size of flesh which separates from the limb of a living man? He answered: We find a limb (separated) from a living man to be like a dead body [(see Numbers 16:19 above)]. Just as with a dead body, an olive-size of flesh which separates from it is tamei, so with a limb (separated) from a living man — an olive-size of flesh which separates from it should be tamei. They: No, it follows that an olive-size of flesh separated from a dead body is tamei, for [it (a dead body) has another stringency, viz.] a bone the size of a barley-corn, separated from it is [also] tamei. But would you, therefore, rule tamei an olive-size of flesh separated from a living man [which lacks such a stringency] when you have ruled tahor a bone the size of a barley-corn which separates from it? [viz. above: \"A bone the size of a barley-corn which separates from the limb of a living man — R. Nechunia rules it tamei and R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua, tahor.\" From his own words they challenge his inference; and thus with R. Nechunia.] They said to R. Nechunia: Why did you see fit to rule tamei a bone the size of a barley-corn that separates from the limb of a living man? He answered: We find a limb (separated) from a living man to be like a dead body. Just as with a dead body, a bone the size of a barley-corn that separates from it is tamei, so with a limb (separated) from a living man — a bone the size of a barley-corn that separates from it should be tamei. They: No, it follows that a bone the size of a barley-corn that separates from a dead body is tamei, for an olive-size of flesh separated from it is [also] tamei. But would you, therefore, rule tamei an olive-size of flesh separated from the limb of a living man, when you have ruled tahor an olive-size of flesh that separates from it? They said to R. Eliezer: Why did you see fit to divide your rulings (to rule tamei an olive-size of flesh separated from the limb of a living man and to rule tahor a bone the size of a barley-corn separated from the limb of a living man?) It should be either tamei in both case or tahor in both cases. He answered: Greater is the tumah of the flesh than the tumah of the bones. For flesh (uncleanliness) obtains with carrion and creeping things (sharatzim), as opposed to bone (uncleanliness), [it being written (Leviticus 11:36): \"And one who touches their carcass\" — their carcass, and not their bones, and not their horns, and not their hooves — whence we see that bones are not subject to carrion (neveilah) uncleanliness]. Another proof [that the tumah of flesh is more prevalent than that of bones]: A limb that has upon it sufficient flesh causes tumah by maga, masa, and ohel. If it is lacking flesh it is tamei; if it is lacking bone, it is tahor. [A limb does not cause tumah unless it has flesh, sinews, and bones, it being written (Numbers 19:16): \"or the bone of a man\" — Just as a man has flesh, sinews, and bones, so, all that has flesh, sinews, and bones. And if it were deficient in the flesh that was upon it, but there were left on it enough flesh that would heal if it were connected to a living man, it would cause tumah by reason of \"a limb.\" And this is the intent of \"If it is lacking flesh it is tamei.\" But if it is missing anything of the bone in the limb, it no longer causes tumah by reason of \"limb.\" And this is the intent of \"If it is lacking bone, it is tahor.\" That is, it is tahor by reason of \"limb,\" but tamei by reason of \"flesh.\" We therefore find the tumah of \"flesh\" to be more prevalent than that of \"bone.\"] They said to R. Nechunia: Why did you see fit to divide your rulings? It should be either tamei in both cases or tahor in both cases. He answered: Greater is the tumah of the bones than the tumah of the flesh. For the flesh that separates from a living man is tahor, but if a limb separates from him, and it is in its natural state, [having flesh, sinews, and bones], it is tamei. Another proof (that the tumah of bones is more prevalent than that of flesh) is that an olive-size of flesh causes tumah by maga, masa, and ohel [(Because the beginning of the creation of a man is an olive-size, his tumah is an olive-size)], and the majority [125] of a man's bones [248] cause tumah by maga, masa, and ohel. If the flesh is lacking [an olive-size], it is tahor [entirely, from causing tumah — either by maga, or by masa, or by ohel.] If the majority of the bones are missing, even though he is tahor from causing tumah by ohel, he causes it by maga and masa. [For a bone the size of a barley-corn causes tumah by maga and masa — whence we see that the tumah of bones is more prevalent than that of flesh. For bones, (even) when their quantity (125) is lacking, tumah remains in them, whereas flesh, when its (minimum) size is lacking, is absolutely tahor.] Another proof: All the flesh of a dead body which is less than an olive-size is tahor, but the rov (majority) of the (bony) structure of a dead body [such as two forelegs and one thigh, (all of his structure being two forelegs and the thighs and the ribs and the spine)], and the rov of its number, though they lack a rova (a quarter), [(a rova of a kav of the bones of a dead body causes tumah in an ohel), still, even if they have neither the majority of the number nor the majority of the structure (but they have a rova); or if they have a majority of the number or a majority of the structure, but they lack a rova], they cause tumah. They said to R. Yehoshua: Why did you see fit to rule tahor in both cases? He answered: No, it follows that an olive-size of flesh [and a bone that separate from a dead body be tamei] for it has [stringencies like] \"rov,\" \"rova,\" and \"rakav.\" Would you say the same thing about a living man, who does not have [the stringencies of] \"rov,\" \"rova,\" and \"rakav\"? [It does not follow that an olive-size of flesh or a barley-corn size of bone which separate from a living man should be tamei, but they are tahor. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehoshua. (\"rakav\":) the dead body, when its moisture dissipates, becomes a kind of rotten (rakuv) earth, a full tarod of which (about a full hand-hollow of the average man) causes tumah. A full tarod causes tumah only (when taken) from a body buried naked in a marble coffin and covered with a marble cover, until it be known of a certainty that there is no admixture of the rottenness of a garment or of wood or of other earth. But a dead body that is buried in its garment or in a coffin of wood or earth has no rakav, and, likewise, a dead body buried without a limb.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Yehoshua and R. Tzaddok testified about the redemption (lamb) [which one set aside for the redemption of the firstling of an ass], which (lamb) died, that the Cohein has no claim in it. For R. Eliezer says: He (the owner) is liable to restore it, as [he is liable to restore (if they were lost)] the five selaim for [the redemption of his (first-born) son.] And the sages say: He is not liable to restore it, but it is like the (lost) redemption (money) for the second tithe, [which the Torah required him (to spend on food) to eat in Jerusalem — but he has lost it! The rationale of R. Eliezer: We find that the Torah compared the redemption of the firstling of an ass to (that of) the first-born son of a man, it being written (Exodus 34:20): \"And the firstling of an ass shall you redeem with a lamb … All the first-born of your sons shall you redeem.\" And the sages say: It is written (Numbers 18:15): \"But redeem shall you redeem the first-born of the man, and the first-born of the unclean beast (an ass) shall you redeem\" — I have likened it (to a man) for purposes of redemption, and not for other things.]",
+ "\tR. Tzaddok testified about the brine of unclean locusts that it is clean. For an earlier Mishnah (taught): Unclean locusts which were pickled with clean locusts do not invalidate their brine. [They were lenient in respect to unclean locusts not to forbid their admixture, for they have no blood, but only a kind of moistness. This was the first Mishnah. And the testimony of R. Tzaddok added to this Mishnah to say that it is clean. Not only does it not forbid its admixture, but it itself is clean.]",
+ "\tR. Tzaddok testified — that they are kosher — about running waters [zochalin viz. (Deuteronomy 32:24): \"zochalei afar\" (\"the 'crawlers' in the dust\"), which, halachically, are equivalent to a well, which purifies with any amount of running water, and which are kosher for the consecration of the waters of the sin-offering (the red heifer) and for the immersion of zavim], which (zochalin) (intermixed with and) \"outnumbered\" the notfim [\"dripping waters,\" like rain water, which, halachically, is like a mikveh, which purifies, with forty sa'ah and in an eshboren (a water collection pit), and which are unfit for the consecration of the waters of the sin-offering, not being \"living waters,\" and likewise, for the immersion of zavim — When the running waters have mixed with the dripping waters and \"outnumbered\" the dripping waters, they are halachically like running waters and are kosher for the consecration of the waters of purification (of the red heifer) and for the immersion of zavim, and they cleanse, as running waters do, with any amount.] It (such an \"outnumbering\") once occurred in Biryath Hapilya, and they brought it to the attention of the sages, who pronounced them (the waters) kosher.",
+ "\tR. Tzaddok testified — that they are kosher — about zochalin which were made to jet through the leaf of a nut [i.e., the outer shell of a nut, the green shell. If, when it was moist, he made it like a tube through which the zochalim would run and jet outside of it, the jetted waters are halachically zochalim, and they are kosher for the waters of purification (the red heifer), and the immersion of zavim. And we do not say that since they entered through this shell, which acts as a receptacle through which they are jetted out, they are not halachically zochalin — for that shell is not considered a vessel.] This once happened in Ahalya, and it came before the lishkath hagazith (the seat of the Great Sanhedrin in Jerusalem), and they ruled it kosher.",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua and R. Yakim Ish Hadar testified about the [earthen] pitcher of the (ashes of) purification (of the red heifer), which was placed upon a sheretz (a creeping thing), that it [i.e., what it contains, (the ashes)] is tamei. [The pitcher itself does not become tamei, for an earthenware vessel does not contract tumah from the outside. Still, the ashes are tamei, it being written (Numbers 19:9): \"And he shall place it outside the encampment in a clean place.\" [(For R. Eliezer had ruled it clean, holding that since the vessel containing it was clean, it could be called \"a clean place.\" The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.)] R. Papiyas testified about one who resumed two [unqualified] Naziritisms [and every unqualified Naziritism lasts for thirty days] that if he shaved for the first on the thirtieth day, he shaves for the second on the sixtieth day. [For ab initio, he should shave on the thirty-first day, so that his Naziritism be thirty whole days; but if he shaved on the thirtieth day, he has satisfied his Naziritism for we say that \"part of the day is like the whole day.\" And if he shaves on the fifty-ninth day, he has satisfied (his Naziritism), for the thirtieth day is reckoned as part of the counting (for the second Naziritism). [That is, the thirtieth day of the first Naziritism counts for both reckonings. And since the thirtieth day of the first Naziritism is counted also as (the first day of) the second Naziritism, it is found that the thirty days of the second Naziritism end on the fifty-ninth day.]",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua and R. Papyas testified about the offspring of a shelamim (peace-offering) that it is sacrificed as a shelamim. For R. Eliezer says that the offspring of a shelamim is not sacrificed as a shelamim, [but it is placed into the stable (and left there) until it dies — a decree; for if you say that the offspring of a shelamim has amendment (by being sacrificed), he will come to delay the (sacrifice of the) mother until she gives birth, and raise flocks of offspring and come to shear (their wool) and work them]. And the sages say (that the offspring of a shelamim) is sacrificed. R. Papyas said: I testify that we had a cow for a shelamim (sacrifice), which we ate on Pesach, and we ate its offspring as a shelamim on the festival [of Shavuoth. For if he waited until Succoth he would be in transgression of the positive commandment, viz. (Deuteronomy 12: 5-6): \"…and you shall come there… and you shall bring there,\" the implication being that the first festival that you come there (after the vow), bring there all the vows binding upon you. (However, he is not in transgression of [Ibid. 23:22]: \"…you shall not delay to pay it\" until three festivals have passed.)]",
+ "\tThey testified that the aruchoth [(the long, flat, wooden ranging boards of bakers on which they range loaves of bread for baking), \"a (aleph) ruchoth\" (\"boards\") like \"a (ayin) ruchoth\" (\"ranged\")] are tamei [susceptible, rabbinically, of acquiring tumah. For though, according to the Torah, flat boards are not thus susceptible, the Rabbis decreed that they are (viz. Kelim, Chapter II)]. For R. Eliezer ruled them clean, [holding that they are not considered vessels at all, not even like flat wooden vessels. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.]",
+ "\tMenachem b. Signai testified about the rim of the vat of the boilers of olives that it is tamei; and of dyers, that it is tahor. For there were those that said the opposite. [The olive boilers and the dyers used to have large vats on whose rims they placed a border of clay to contain the water when it boiled over. That (i.e., the rim) of the olive boilers was tamei because that addition was needed for the vessel and was used; and the Torah stated in respect to an oven or a stove (Leviticus 11:31): \"They shall be unclean to you\" — \"to you,\" to all that you need; that is, the thing in the vessel that you need and use — it is that which is susceptible of tumah. (\"and of dyers, that it is tahor\":) The dyers do not make use of that addition, for they are afraid that it will spoil their dye.]",
+ "\tR. Yochanan b. Gudgeda testified that a deaf-mute whose father married her is given a divorce. [Even though she was a bona-fide married woman, her father having accepted her betrothal when she was a minor, still, she is given a get, and she receives her get when she is a deaf-mute, even though her consent is lacking. For a woman can be divorced perforce, so that her consent is not required.]; and (he testified) that the minor daughter of an Israelite [an orphan, whose marriage is rabinically (and not Scripturally) sanctioned] eats terumah [rabbinically mandated terumah, this not being decreed against by reason of (the possibility of her coming to eat) Scripturally mandated terumah]; and that if she died, her husband inherits her; and that if one built a beam that he had stolen into a building, monetary reimbursements is sufficient, [for the good of the penitent; for if he were required to raze his building and return the beam itself, he would be deterred from repenting.]; and that a stolen sin-offering which was not known to the public [as being stolen] atones [and another need not be brought], for \"the good of the altar,\" [that the Cohanim not be distressed by (the thought of) having eaten chullin (non-consecrated food) from (an animal) slaughtered in the azarah (the Temple court) and the altar be \"deserted,\" the Cohanim refraining from performing the (sacrificial) service.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tR. Yehudah b. Betheira testified about the blood of carrion (nevilah) that it is tahor, [and does not cause tumah, as carrion itself does, with an olive-size, but it does cause tumah with a revi'ith (one-fourth of a log of vital blood). For there is nothing but the sheretz (a creeping thing) which causes tumah with (the same quantity of) its blood as with (that of) its flesh. As to our having learned above (5:1): \"The blood of neveiloth — Beth Shammai rule it tahor\" — Beth Shammai ruled it tahor entirely. \"And Beth Hillel ruled it tamei\" — but not as (the flesh of) a neveilah, an olive-size of which is tamei, but only with a revi'ith.]",
+ "\tR. Yehudah b. Bava and R. Yehudah Hakohen testified about the minor daughter [an orphan] of an Israelite, who married a Cohein, that she eats terumah as soon as she enters the chupah, even though she had not yet had conjugal relations (see 7:9). [It is added here that once she enters the chupah, even though she had not yet had conjugal relations, (she may eat terumah). For from the preceding testimony, we can conclude that she eats terumah only when she has had conjugal relations]. R. Yossi Hakohen and R. Zecharyah ben Hakatzav testified about a minor who was taken as a pledge [by gentiles] in Ashkelon and whose family \"distanced\" her (from marrying a Cohein), and whose witnesses (to her having been taken as a pledge) testify that she had not been secreted and had not been violated — the sages said to them (the family): If you believe (the witnesses) that she had been taken as a pledge, then believe that she had not been secreted and had not been violated. And if you do not believe that she had not been secreted and not been violated, then do not believe that she had been taken as a pledge. [And it is only of this one, about whom the witnesses testify that she had not been violated, that the rabbis said — \"Believe her,\" and that she had been wrongfully distanced by her family. But if she had no witnesses (that she had not been violated), then a woman who had been taken as a pledge for money at a time when the gentiles had the upper hand is forbidden to her husband, a Cohein, whether she had been taken willingly or forcibly.]",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua and R. Yehudah b. Betheira testified about an issah (\"dough\") widow that she is permitted to (marry) a Cohein. [In a family into which a safek (possible) chalal (one unfit for the priesthood) has become intermixed, each one of that family is suspect of being that chalal. And if a woman married one of that family and her husband died, she is called an \"issah\" widow. For just as dough is kneaded and intermixed, so this widow is \"mixed\" with (i.e., compounded of) doubts: one, her husband might not be that safek chalal; and,(the other), even if he is, perhaps he is not a chalal in reality. R. Yehoshua permits her to the priesthood, for we have a \"a doubt of a doubt,\" in which instance we rule leniently.] And R. Gamliel holds that even though generally we rule leniently in \"a doubt of a doubt,\" here it is different, for \"a special eminence is accorded to family lineage.\"] (And they testified) that an issah (family) is kosher both for (declaring) tamei or declaring tahor, for distancing or for drawing near. [That is, a family in which a safek chalal has become intermixed is in a status of kashruth as are all of the pedigreed families. And just as the other families may say: \"This one is tamei,\" and they distance themselves from her, and: \"This one is tahor,\" and they draw her near, so, (about) this family in which a safek chalal has become intermixed, we cannot say that since a safek has become intermixed in it they need no longer examine, when they marry women, which is tamei and which is tahor in order to distance her who is tamei and to draw near her who is tahor.] R. Gamliel said: We have accepted your testimony, but what can we do? For R. Yochanan b. Zakkai has decreed not to convene batei-din for this [i.e., for permitting an issah widow ab initio. For] the Cohanim will heed you to distance her [if you rule her forbidden], but not to draw her near [if you rule her permitted. The halachah is that an issah widow is forbidden to marry a Cohein ab initio, but if she does, she is not divorced.]",
+ "\tR. Yossi b. Yoezer, Ish Tz'raidah, testified about ayal kamtza [a type of locust] that it is clean [and may be eaten. (The Targum of \"kachagavim\" [\"like locusts\" (Numbers 13:33)] is \"kekamtzin\")]; and (he testified) about the liquids [i.e., the blood and the water] of the slaughtering house, [in the azarah] that they are clean. [According to one view they are entirely clean; for the tumah of liquids is not Torah-based, but of rabbinic decree, and in this instance they did not decree thus. According to another view they are \"clean\" in that they do not defile others; but they are tamei in themselves, for the tumah of liquids in themselves is Torah-based, and the Rabbis cannot permit what the Torah has proscribed]; and (he testified) that one who touches a dead body becomes tamei. [That is, one who, of a certainty, touches a dead body becomes tamei, but, in an instance of doubt (safek), even vis-à-vis the stringent tumah of a dead body, he is tahor — how much more so does he come to permit the lesser tumah of a sheretz and a safek of tumah in the public domain. And even though a safek of tumah in the public domain is tahor (even) according to the Torah — for the entire issur of safek tumah is derived from sotah, viz. (Numbers 5:13): \"…and she had secreted herself and she be defiled,\" Scripture telling us that she is forbidden in an instance of doubt (\"secreted, etc.\"), and just as sotah obtains only in the private domain, there being no \"secreting\" in the public domain, so the tumah of safek obtains only in the private domain — still, before the ruling of Yossi ben Yoezer, they said: \"It is a halachah (that tumah does not obtain in the public domain), but we do not teach it.\" And he came and testified that we do teach it ab initio, to render tahor every safek of tumah in the public domain.] And they called him \"Yossi, the permitter.\" [For he permitted three things vis-à-vis which they deported themselves as being forbidden. For every beth-din which permits three things whose heter (permit) is not apparent is called \"a permitting beth-din.\"]",
+ "\tR. Akiva testified in the name of Nechemiah, Ish Beth D'li, that a woman may be married on the testimony of one witness. [If her husband went abroad and one witness came and said that he had died, she is married on the strength of his testimony. R. Yehoshua testified about bones that were found in dir etzim [(the wood storage compartment (of the Temple) where they stored all the wood for the wood pile. It was in the northeast corner of the ezrath nashim. Some bones of dead bodies were found there) ]: The sages said: They are removed bone by bone and all is tahor [i.e., We do not fear that men or vessels may have become tamei through them, for this constitutes \"safek tumah in the public domain,\" which is tahor. And in the last chapter of Zevachim the Gemara adduces that they wished to decree tumah in all of Jerusalem because of the bones which were found in the wood compartment, but R. Yehoshua said to them: \"Would it not be a shame and a mortification for us to decree tumah upon the city of our fathers!\"]",
+ "R. Eliezer said: I heard that when they were building in the sanctuary (in the days of Ezra) they made curtains for the sanctuary and curtains for the azaroth (the courtyards); but in the sanctuary they built from outside (the curtains) and in the azarah they built inside. R. Yehoshua said: I heard that sacrifices are offered even when there is no Temple, and that holy of holies are eaten even where there are no curtains; lesser order sacrifices and second tithe, even when there is no wall. For the first consecration [of the Temple by Solomon] was for that time and for future time. [But the consecration of the rest of Eretz Yisrael at the time of the first conquest was only for its time until the Babylonian exiles returned and consecrated it a second time. And that consecration was for time to come.]",
+ "\tR. Yehoshua said: I have received it from R. Yochanan b. Zakkai, who heard it from his master, and his master from his master, \"a halachah to Moses upon Sinai,\" [the Holy One Blessed be He having shown to Moses upon Sinai, each generation and its expounders,] that Eliyahu will not come to rule tamei and to rule tahor, to distance and to draw near [i.e., to resolve genealogical doubts — which families suffered assimilation and which did not — but he will leave them in their status of kashruth for the future, the halachah being that \"a family that was breached was breached, etc.\"], but [he will come] to distance those who had intruded themselves by force [i.e., those who all knew to be pasul (unfit), but who had insinuated themselves forcibly. (But a family that had been \"infiltrated\" because the p'sul was not known will be left in its status of kashruth)], and [he will come] to draw near all who had been (wrongly) distanced by force. The family of Beth Tzerifah was across the Jordan and Ben Tziyon [a man of violence] distanced it [i.e., proclaimed it pasul] by force. And another family was there [which was pasul], and Ben Tziyon drew it near by force [i.e., he proclaimed them to be kosher for marriage. The tanna was solicitous of men's honor and did not mention the name of the family that Ben Tziyon drew near by force as he did mention the name of the family that was kasher, to teach how much one should take care not to speak in denigration of his friend and \"to cover shame.\" If thus with those who are pasul, how much more so with those who are kasher!] Such as these [whose kashruth and p'sul are known but who have been distanced by force or drawn near by force] Eliyahu will come to pronounce tamei and tahor, to distance and to draw near. R. Yehudah says: (He will come) to distance, but not to draw near. [He will draw near the kosher family, which was distanced by force, but he will not distance the family that was drawn near by force.] R. Shimon says: He will come to resolve disputes (among the sages). And the sages say: Neither to distance nor to draw near, but to make peace, as it is written (Malachi 3:24): \"Behold, I am sending to you Eliyahu the prophet… and he will return the heart of the fathers to the sons and the heart of the sons to their fathers.\" [He (Eliyahu) is destined to say through the Holy Spirit: \"This one is a descendant of that one.\" And according to R. Shimon, \"fathers\" are the sages, and \"sons,\" the disciples — their hearts will be attuned to each other and dispute (machloketh) will not befall them.]"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcaf86b1d82b7a0fa80d3a4a50642f26500b0a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Eduyot",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Shammai says: “For all women [who begin to menstruate] it suffices [to reckon their impurity from] the time [of their discovering it].” And Hillel says: “[Their impurity is reckoned backwards] from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination, even if this covers many days.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one, but [they are considered impure for] the past twenty four hours when this lessens the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination, and for the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination when this lessens the past twenty-four hours.” Any woman who has a regular period, it suffices [to reckon her impurity from] her set time. She who uses testing-cloths [when she has sexual relations], behold this is like an examination: it lessens either the period of the [past] twenty four hours or the period from the [last] examination to the [previous] examination.",
+ "Shammai says: “[Dough] of a kav or more is subject to the law of hallah.” And Hillel says: “Of two kavs or more.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one, but [dough of] a kav and a half is subject to the law of hallah.” And after they increased the measures they said: “[Dough of] five quarters is subject. Rabbi Yose said: “Five are exempt, five and more are liable.”",
+ "Hillel says: “A hin full of drawn water renders the mikweh unfit.” (However, man must speak in the language of his teacher.) And Shammai says: “Nine kavs.” But the Sages say: “Neither according to the opinion of this one nor according to the opinion of this one;” But when two weavers from the dung-gate which is in Jerusalem came and testified in the name of Shemaiah and Avtalion, “Three logs of drawn water render the mikweh unfit,” the Sages confirmed their statement.",
+ "And why do they record the opinions of Shammai and Hillel for naught? To teach the following generations that a man should not [always] persist in his opinion, for behold, the fathers of the world did not persist in their opinion.",
+ "And why do they record the opinion of a single person among the many, when the halakhah must be according to the opinion of the many? So that if a court prefers the opinion of the single person it may depend on him. For no court may set aside the decision of another court unless it is greater than it in wisdom and in number. If it was greater than it in wisdom but not in number, in number but not in wisdom, it may not set aside its decision, unless it is greater than it in wisdom and in number.",
+ "Rabbi Judah said: “If so, why do they record the opinion of a single person among the many to set it aside? So that if a man shall say, ‘Thus have I received the tradition’, it may be said to him, ‘According to the [refuted] opinion of that individual did you hear it.’”",
+ "Beth Shammai says: “A quarter-kav of any bones, even from two limbs or from three.” And Beth Hillel says: “A quarter-kav of bones from a corpse, either from [the bones which form] the greater portion of the [body’s] build, or from the greater portion of the number [of the body’s bones]. Shammai says: “Even from a single bone.”",
+ "Vetches of terumah: Beth Shammai says, “They must be soaked and rubbed in purity, but can be given for food in impurity.” And Beth Hillel says: “They must be soaked in purity, but can be rubbed and given for food in impurity.” Shammai says: “They must be eaten dry.” Rabbi Akiva says: “All actions in connection with them [can be carried out] in impurity.”",
+ "One who changes for a sela copper coins from second tithe: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel say: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” Rabbi Meir says: “Silver and fruits may not be substituted for silver.” But the sages allow it.",
+ "One who exchanges a sela from second tithe in Jerusalem: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel says: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” The disputants before the Sages say: “Silver for three denars and copper coin for one denar.” Rabbi Akiva says: “Silver for three denars and for the fourth silver, copper coin.” Rabbi Tarfon says: “Four aspers in silver.” Shammai says: “He must leave it in the shop and eat on the credit thereof.”",
+ "A bride’s stool from which the covering-boards have been taken: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounce it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even the framework of a stool [by itself is liable to become] unclean.” A stool which has been set in a baker’s trough: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounces it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even one made therein [is liable to become unclean].”",
+ "These are subjects concerning which Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai:A woman who came from overseas and said: “My husband died” may be married again; “My husband died [without children]” she must be married by her husband’s brother (the levir). But Beth Hillel says: “We have heard so only in the case of one who came from the harvesting.” Beth Shammai said to them: “It is the same thing in the case of one who came from the harvesting or who came from the olive-picking or who came from overseas; they mentioned harvesting only because that is how it happened.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to Beth Shammai. Beth Shammai says: “She may be married again and take her kethubah payment.” But Beth Hillel says: “She may be married again but may not take her kethubah payment.” Beth Shammai said to them: “You have permitted the graver matter of a forbidden marriage, should you not permit the lighter matter of property?” Beth Hillel said to them: “We have found that brothers do not inherit on her statement.” Beth Shammai said to them: “Do we not infer it from her marriage document in which he writes to her ‘That if you be married to another you shall take what is written for you’?” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.",
+ "Whoever is half a slave and half a free man should work one day for his master and one day for himself, according to Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: “You have set matters in order with regards to his master, but you have not set matters in order with regards to himself. He is not able to marry a slave-woman, nor is he able [to marry] a woman who is free. Is he to refrain [from marrying]? [How can he] for is it not the case that the world was created in order for people to be fruitful and multiply? For it is said, “He did not create it to be a waste; but formed it for inhabitation” (Isaiah 45:18). But for the rightful ordering of the world his master is compelled to make him free, and he writes out a bond for half his value.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.",
+ "A vessel of earthenware can protect everything [in it from contracting impurity], according to Beth Hillel. But Beth Shammai says: “It protects only food and liquids and [other] vessels of earthenware.” Beth Hillel said to them: “Why?” Beth Shammai said to them: “Because it is [itself] impure with respect to an ignoramus, and no impure vessel can screen [against impurity].” Beth Hillel said to them: “And did you not pronounce pure the food and liquids inside it?” Beth Shammai said to them: “When we pronounced pure the food and liquids inside it, we pronounced them pure for him [the ignoramus] only, but when you pronounced the vessel pure you pronounced it pure for yourself and for him.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Hanina, chief of the priests, testified concerning four matters:Through all their days the priests never refrained from burning meat which had been defiled by an “offspring” of impurity with meat which had been made impure by a “father” of impurity, although they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity. Rabbi Akiba added: “Through all their days the priests never shrank from lighting oil which had been rendered unfit by a tevul yom in a lamp made impure by one who was made impure by a corpse, although they were [thereby] increasing its impurity by a [higher] impurity.”",
+ "Rabbi Hanina, chief of the priests, said: “All my days I never saw a hide taken out to the place of burning.” Rabbi Akiba said: “From his words we infer that whoever flays the hide of the firstborn beast and it is found to be trefah, the priests may enjoy the use of the hide.” But the Sages say: “[A testimony which consists of] ‘we didn’t see’ is not a proof; rather the hide must be taken out to the place of burning.",
+ "He also testified concerning a small village in the vicinity of Jerusalem in which there was an old man who used to lend to all the people of the village and write out [the bond] in his own handwriting and others signed it. And when the fact was brought before the Sages they pronounced it legal. Hence, incidentally, you may infer that a wife may write her own bill of divorcement, and a husband may write his own receipt; for the legality of a document depends only on those who sign it. And [he testified] concerning a needle which was found in flesh of a [sacrifice], that the knife and the hands [which had been employed on the flesh] are clean, but the flesh itself is defiled; and if it was found in the excrement, all are clean.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael declared three things before the Sages in the vineyard at Yavneh: Concerning an egg which was beaten together, and placed on vegetables of terumah that it acts as a connection; but if it was in the form of a helmet it does not act as a connection. And concerning an ear of corn in the harvesting, the top of which reached the standing corn that if it can be reaped together with the standing corn, it belongs to the owner; and if not, it belongs to the poor. And concerning a small garden which was surrounded by a row of vines that if it has space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on one side, and space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on the other side, it may be sown with seed; but if not, it may not be sown with seed.",
+ "They stated three things before Rabbi Yishmael, and he pronounced none of them either unlawful or lawful; and Rabbi Joshua ben Matya explained them.One who lances an abscess on the Sabbath: if it was to make an opening he is liable; if it was to bring out the pus, he is exempt. And concerning one who hunts a snake on the Sabbath: that if he was occupied with it in order that it should not bite him, he is innocent; but if that he might use it as a remedy, he is guilty. And concerning Ironian stewpots: that they do not contract impurity when under the same tent as a corpse; but become impure if they are carried by a zav. Rabbi Eliezer ben Zadok says: “Even if they are carried by a zav they remain pure, because they are unfinished.”",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael said three things, and Rabbi Akiba disagreed with him.Garlic or unripe grapes or green ears of grain were being crushed [on the eve of the Sabbath] while it is yet day: Rabbi Yishmael says: “He may finish crushing after it grows dark.” But Rabbi Akiba says: “He may not finish.”",
+ "They said three things before Rabbi Akiva, two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer and one in the name of Rabbi Joshua. Two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer:A woman may go out [on the Sabbath adorned] with a “golden-city”; And they that fly pigeons are unfit to bear evidence. And one in the name of Rabbi Joshua: If there was a creeping thing in the mouth of a weasel when it walked over loaves of terumah, and it is doubtful whether it touched them or whether it did not touch them, that about which there is doubt remains pure.",
+ "Rabbi Akiba declared three things; about two they agreed with him, and about one they disagreed with him.About a lime-burner’s sandal, that it is liable to contract midras impurity; And about the remains of a [broken] oven, that they must be four handbreadths high [in order to retain impurity], whereas they used to say three and [when he said four] they agreed with him. And about one they disagreed with him About a stool, from which two of its covering-boards had been removed, the one beside the other, which Rabbi Akiba pronounces able to contract impurity, but the Sages declare unable to contract impurity.",
+ "He used to say: the father transmits to the son beauty, strength, wealth, wisdom and years. And the number of generations before Him, that shall be their appointed end: For it is said, “calling the generations from the beginning” (Isaiah 41:4) Although it is said, “And shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13), it is also said, “And in the fourth generation they shall come hither again” (Genesis 15:16).",
+ "Also he used to say that there are five things that last twelve months:The judgment of the generation of the flood [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Job [continued] twelve months; The judgment of the Egyptians [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Gog and Magog in the time to come [will continue] twelve months; The judgment of the wicked in gehinom [continues] twelve months, for it is said, and “It will be from one month until its [same] month” (Isaiah 66:23). Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: “[As long as] from Passover to Shavuoth, for it is said, “And from one Sabbath until its [next] Sabbath” (ibid.)."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[In the case of] all things which cause defilement in a “tent”, if they [the pieces of the corpse] were divided and brought into the house, Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas pronounces [everything under the same roof-space] clean, but the Sages pronounce it unclean. How so? He who touches as much as two halves of an olive [in quantity] of an animal’s carcass or carries them; or in the case of a [human] corpse, he who touches as much as half an olive and stands over as much as half an olive; or touches as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive is above him; or if he stands over as much as two halves of an olive; or if he stands over as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive is above him Rabbi Dosa b. Harkinas pronounces him clean, and the Sages pronounce him unclean. But if he touches as much as half an olive [in quantity] and another thing was over him and over as much as half an olive; or if he stood over as much as half an olive and another thing was over him and over as much as half an olive, he is clean. Rabbi Meir said: “Also in this case Rabbi Dosa pronounces him clean and the sages pronounce him unclean. In all such cases a man is unclean unless there is an act of touching and also an act of carrying, or an act of carrying and also [the fact of] being under the same roof-space.” This is the general rule: in whatever case the means of causing defilement are of one category, he is unclean; if they are of two categories, he is clean.”",
+ "Food which is in separate pieces does not combine together [to receive impurity], according to Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas. But the Sages say: “It does combines together.” One may exchange [ produce of] second tithe for uncoined metal, according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “One may not so exchange it.” The hands [alone] need to be immersed for the waters of purification according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “If his hands have become unclean his whole body becomes unclean.”",
+ "The insides of a melon and the discarded leaves of a vegetable of terumah: Rabbi Dosa permits [their] use to non-priests, and the Sages forbid it. Five ewes, their fleeces weighing each a mina and a half, are subject to [the law of] the first of the fleece, according to Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “Five ewes [are subject] whatever [their fleeces weigh].”",
+ "All mats are [liable to become] impure by “corpse” impurity, the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “[Also by] “midras” impurity. All network is unsusceptible to impurity except a [network] girdle, the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say: “They are all liable to uncleanness, except those used by wool dealers [for carrying raw wool].”",
+ "A sling whose pocket is woven is susceptible to impurity. If it is of leather, Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas pronounces it not susceptible to impurity, and the Sages pronounce it susceptible to impurity. If its finger-hold is broken off, it is not susceptible to impurity; [But if the] string-handle [only] is broken off it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A female captive may eat of terumah, according to the words of Rabbi Dosa b. Harkinas. But the Sages say: “There is a female captive who may eat, and there is a female captive who may not eat. How is this so? The woman who said: ‘I was taken captive but [nonetheless] I am pure’, she may eat; because the mouth that forbade is the same mouth that permit. But if there are witnesses [who declare] that she was made a captive, and she says: ‘[nonetheless] I am pure’, she may not eat.”",
+ "Four cases of doubt Rabbi Joshua pronounces impure, and the Sages pronounce them pure. How is this so? If the impure person stands and the pure person passes by him; or if the pure person stands and the impure person passes by him; or if impurity is in the private domain and something pure is in the public domain; Or if something pure is in the private domain and something impure is in the public domain; If it is doubtful [in all of these case] whether one touched or did not touch the other, or if it is doubtful whether one formed a tent over the other or did not form a tent over the other, or if it is doubtful whether one moved or did not move the other Rabbi Joshua pronounces such a case impure, and the Sages pronounce it pure.",
+ "Three things Rabbi Zadok pronounces [liable to receive] impurity and the Sages pronounce them not [liable to receive]: The nail of the money-changer; And the chest of grist makers; And the nail of a stone dial. Rabbi Zadok pronounces [liable to receive] impurity and the Sages pronounce them not [liable to receive].",
+ "Four things Rabban Gamaliel pronounces susceptible to impurity, and the Sages pronounce them not susceptible to impurity.The covering of a metal basket, if it belongs to householders; And the hanger of a strigil; And metals vessels which are still unshaped; And a plate that is divided into two [equal] parts. And the Sages agree with Rabban Gamaliel in the case of a plate that was divided into two parts, one large and one small, that the large one is susceptible to impurity and the small one is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "In three cases Rabban Gamaliel was strict like the words of Beth Shammai.One may not wrap up hot food on a festival for the Sabbath; And one may not join together a lamp on a festival; And one may not bake [on festivals] thick loaves but only wafer-cakes. Rabban Gamaliel said: “In all their days, my father’s house never baked large loaves but only wafer-cakes.” They said to him: “What can we do with regards to your father’s house, for they were strict in respect to themselves but were lenient towards Israel to let them bake both large loaves and even charcoal-roasted loaves.”",
+ "Also he declared three decisions of a lenient character:One may sweep up [on a festival] between the couches, And put spices [on the coals] on a festival; And roast a kid whole on the night of Passover. But the sages forbid them.",
+ "Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allows three things and the Sages forbid them:His cow used to go out with the strap which she had between her horns; One may curry cattle on a festival; And one may grind pepper in its own mill. Rabbi Judah says: one may not curry cattle on a festival, because it may cause a wound, but one may comb them. But the Sages say: one may not curry them, and one may not even comb them."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following cases are [examples] of the lenient rulings of Beth Shammai and of the rigorous rulings of Beth Hillel.An egg which is laid on a festival Beth Shammai says: it may be eaten, and Beth Hillel says: it may not be eaten. Beth Shammai says: yeast as much as an olive [in quantity], and leavened food as much as a date, and Beth Hillel says: as much as an olive [in quantity] in both cases.",
+ "A beast which was born on a festival all agree that it is permitted; and a chicken which was hatched from the egg all agree that it is forbidden. He who slaughters a wild animal or a bird on a festival Beth Shammai says: he may dig with a pronged tool and cover up [the blood] , but Beth Hillel says: he may not slaughter unless he has had earth made ready. But they agree that if he did slaughter he should dig with a pronged tool and cover up [the blood, and] that the ashes of a stove count as being prepared for the holiday.",
+ "Beth Shammai says: [produce pronounced] ownerless with respect to the poor [only] is counted as ownerless. But Beth Hillel says: it is not counted as ownerless unless it is made ownerless also with respect to the rich, as in the year of release (shmittah). If all the sheaves of the field were of one kav each and one was of four kavs, and it was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten.",
+ "A sheaf which was close to a wall or to a stack or to the herd or to [field] utensils, and was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten.",
+ "A vineyard of the fourth year Beth Shammai says: it is not subject to the law of the fifth nor to the law of removal. And Beth Hillel says: it is subject to the law of the fifth and to the law of removal. Beth Shammai says: it is subject to the law of fallen grapes and to the law of gleanings, and the poor redeem them for themselves. And Beth Hillel says: all of it goes to the winepress.",
+ "A barrel of pickled olives: Beth Shammai says: one need not perforate it, And Beth Hillel say: one must perforate it. But they agree that if it was perforated and the dregs stopped it up, it is not liable to receive impurity. One who had anointed himself with clean oil and [then] became unclean, and he went down and immersed himself, Beth Shammai says: although he still drips [oil], it is clean. And Beth Hillel says: [only while there remains] enough for anointing a small limb. And if from the beginning it was unclean oil, Beth Shammai says: [it is unclean as long as there remains] enough for anointing a small limb, And Beth Hillel says: [even if there remains as much] as a moist liquid. Rabbi Judah says in the name of Beth Hillel: [provided it remains] moist [itself] and [can also] moisten [other things].",
+ "A woman is betrothed by a denar or the value of a denar, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: by a perutah or the value of a perutah. And how much is a perutah? One-eighth of an Italian issar. Beth Shammai says: one may dismiss his wife with an old bill of divorcement, But Beth Hillel forbids it. What is an old bill of divorcement? Whenever he was secluded with her after he has written it for her. One who divorces his wife and she [afterwards] spends a night with him at the [same] inn: Beth Shammai says: she does not require a second bill of divorcement from him. But Beth Hillel says: she requires a second bill of divorcement from him. When [does she require a second bill of divorcement]? When she was divorced after marriage. But if she was divorced after betrothal she does not require from him a second bill of divorcement, since he is not [yet] familiar with her.",
+ "Beth Shammai permits the rival wives [of a deceased brother to be married] to the [surviving] brothers; But Beth Hillel forbids them. If they have performed halitzah, Beth Shammai pronounce them unfit to [marry into] the priesthood, But Beth Hillel pronounced them fit. If they have married their brother-in-law, Beth Shammai pronounce them fit [to marry into the priesthood], But Beth Hillel pronounced them unfit. And although these pronounce unfit and these pronounce fit, Beth Shammai did not refrain from marrying women from [the daughters of] Beth Hillel, nor did Beth Hillel refrain from marrying women from [the daughters of] Beth Shammai. And in the case of all matters of purity and impurity in respect to which these pronounce pure and these pronounce impure, they did not refrain from preparing foods requiring a condition of purity each by means of [the vessels of] the other.",
+ "[In the case of] three brothers, of whom two were married to two sisters and one was unmarried, if one of the husbands of the sisters died and the unmarried one betrothed her (maamar), and afterwards his other brother died, Beth Shammai says: his wife remains with him, and the other [widow] is released on the grounds of [the law forbidding] the wife’s sister. But Beth Hillel says: he should put away his wife with a get and halitzah, and the wife of his brother [he should put away] with halitzah. This is the case of which they said: woe to him because of his wife, and woe to him because of his brother’s wife!",
+ "One who takes a vow not to have intercourse with his wife: Beth Shammai says: [after] two weeks [he must divorce her and pay her kethubah], And Beth Hillel say: after one week. A woman has a miscarriage on the eve of the eighty first [day]: Beth Shammai exempt her from bringing the offering, And Beth Hillel do not exempt her. [With regards to the rules of] tzitzit (fringes) on linen sheet: Beth Shammai exempts, And Beth Hillel does not exempt. A basket of [fruit set aside for] the Sabbath: Beth Shammai exempts it [from tithes]. And Beth Hillel does not exempt it.",
+ "One who vowed [to keep] a longer naziriteship [than ordinary] and he completed his naziriteship and afterwards came to the [holy] land: Beth Shammai says: [he must be] a nazirite [only] thirty days, But Beth Hillel says: [he must be] a nazirite [the full time vowed as] in the beginning. One who has two groups of witnesses who testify about him, these testifying that he vowed two naziriteships and these testifying that he vowed five: Beth Shammai says: their testimony is divided, and there is no [obligation to perform] naziriteship. But Beth Hillel says: within the five, two are included, so that he must be a nazirite twice.",
+ "A man who was set beneath the gap: Beth Shammai says: he does not cause the impurity to pass over. But Beth Hillel says: a man is hollow, and the upper side causes the impurity to pass over."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Judah says: there are six instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and stringent rulings by Beth Hillel.The blood of a carcass: Beth Shammai pronounces it clean, And Beth Hillel pronounces it unclean. An egg found in a [bird’s] carcass: if the like of it were sold in the market, it is permitted, and if not, it is forbidden, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. And Beth Hillel forbids it. But they agree in the case of an egg found in a trefa [bird] that it is forbidden since it had its growth in a forbidden condition. 3+4) The blood of a non-Jewish woman and the blood of purity of a leprous woman: Beth Shammai pronounces clean; And Beth Hillel says: [it is] like her spittle and her urine. One may eat fruits of the seventh year with an expression of thanks and without an expression of thanks [to the owner of the field], according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: one may not eat with an expression of thanks. Beth Shammai says: a waterskin [is liable to become impure only if it is] tied up and remains unimpaired. And the school of Hillel says: even if it is not tied up.",
+ "Rabbi Yose says: there are six instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and stringent rulings by Beth Hillel.A fowl may be put on a table [together] with cheese but may not be eaten [with it], according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: it may neither be put on [the table together with it] nor eaten [with it]. Olives may be given as terumah for oil and grapes for wine, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai. But Beth Hillel says: they may not be given. One who sows seed [within] four cubits of a vineyard: Beth Shammai says: he has caused one row [of vines] to be prohibited. But Beth Hillel says: he has caused two rows to be prohibited. Flour paste [flour that had been mixed with boiling water]: Beth Shammai exempts [from the law of hallah]; But Beth Hillel pronounces it liable. One may immerse oneself in a rain-torrent, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai; But Beth Hillel say: one may not immerse oneself [therein]. One who became a proselyte on the eve of Passover: Beth Shammai says: he may immerse himself and eat his Passover sacrifice in the evening. But Beth Hillel says: one who separates himself from uncircumcision is as one who separates himself from the grave.",
+ "Rabbi Yishmael says: there are three instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and strict rulings by Beth Hillel.The book of Ecclesiastes does not defile the hands, according to the opinion of Beth Shammai; But Beth Hillel say: it defiles the hands. Water of purification which has done its duty: Beth Shammai pronounces it pure, But Beth Hillel pronounces it impure. Black cumin: Beth Shammai pronounces it not liable to become impure, But Beth Hillel pronounces it liable to become impure. So, too, with regard to tithes.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: there are two instances of lenient rulings by Beth Shammai and strict rulings by Beth Hillel.The blood of a woman after childbirth who has not immersed herself, Beth Shammai says: [it is] like her spittle and her urine. But Beth Hillel says: it causes impurity whether wet or dry. However, they agree in the case of the blood of a woman who gave birth when she had non-menstrual discharge, that it causes defilement whether wet or dry.",
+ "[In the case of] four brothers of whom two were married to two sisters, if those married to the sisters died, behold, these should perform halitzah and not enter into levirate marriage (with the brothers-in-law). If they went ahead and married them, they must put them away (divorce them). Rabbi Eliezer says in the name of Beth Shammai: they may keep them. But Beth Hillel say: they must put them away.",
+ "Akavia ben Mahalalel testified concerning four things. They said to him: Akavia, retract these four things which you say, and we will make you the head of the court in Israel. He said to them: it is better for me to be called a fool all my days than that I should become [even] for one hour a wicked man before God; So they shouldn’t say: “he withdrew his opinions for the sake of power.” He used to pronounce impure the hair which has been left over [in leprosy], And green (yellow) blood (of vaginal discharge); But the Sages declared them clean. He used to permit the wool of a first-born animal which was blemished and which had fallen out and had been put in a niche, the first-born being slaughtered afterwards; But the sages forbid it. He used to say: a woman proselyte and a freed slave-woman are not made to drink of the bitter waters. But the Sages say: they are made to drink. They said to him: it happened in the case of Karkemith, a freed slave-woman who was in Jerusalem, that Shemaiah and Avtalion made her drink. He said to them: they made her drink an example (and not the real water). Whereupon they excommunicated him; and he died while he was under excommunication, and the court stoned his coffin. Rabbi Judah said: God forbid [that one should say] that Akavia was excommunicated; for the courtyard is never locked for any man in Israel who was equal to Avavia ben Mahalalel in wisdom and the fear of sin. But whom did they excommunicate? Eliezer the son of Hanoch who cast doubt against the laws concerning the purifying of the hands. And when he died the court sent and laid a stone on his coffin. This teaches that whoever is excommunicated and dies while under excommunication, his coffin is stoned.",
+ "At the time of his death he said to his son, “Retract the four opinions which I used to declare.” He (the said to him, “Why did not you retract them?” He said to him, “I heard them from the mouth of the many, and they heard [the contrary] from the mouth of the many. I stood fast by the tradition which I heard, and they stood fast by the tradition which they heard. But you have heard [my tradition] from the mouth of a single individual and [their tradition] from the mouth of the many. It is better to leave the opinion of the single individual and to hold by the opinion of the many.” He said to him, “Father commend me to your colleagues.” He said to him, “I will not commend you.” He said to him, “Have you found in me any wrong?” He said, “No; your own deeds will cause you to be near, and your own deeds will cause you to be far.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Judah ben Bava testified concerning five things:That women who are minors are made to declare an annulment of their marriage; That a woman is allowed to re-marry on the evidence of one witness; That a rooster was stoned in Jerusalem because it had killed a human being; And about wine forty days old, that it was used as a libation on the altar; And about the morning tamid offering, that it is offered at the fourth hour.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Nehunia ben Elinathan, a man of Kefar Habavli, testified concerning a limb [separated] from a corpse that it is impure; whereas Rabbi Eliezer says: they declared [this] only of a limb from a living [man]. They said to him: is not there an inference from the minor to the major (kal vehomer): If in the case of a living man [who is himself pure] a limb severed from him is impure, how much more in the case of a corpse [which is itself impure] should a limb severed from it be impure! He said to them: they have [nevertheless] declared it only of a limb from a living man. Another answer: The impurity of living men is greater than the impurity of corpses, because a living man causes that on which he lies and sits to become capable of making impure a man and clothing, and [he causes also] what is over him to transfer impurity to foods and liquids- which is defilement that a corpse does not cause.",
+ "1) An olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man: 1) Rabbi Eliezer pronounces impure and Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Nehunia pronounce pure. a) A barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man, b) Rabbi Nehunia pronounces impure and Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua pronounce pure. 2) They said to Rabbi Eliezer: what reason have you found for pronouncing impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man? 1) He said to them: we find that a limb from a living man is like an entire corpse; just as in the case of a corpse, an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it is impure, so also in the case of a limb from a living man an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it must be impure. 2) They said to him: No! When you pronounce impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a corpse, it is because you have pronounced impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it. But how can you also pronounce impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from a limb of a living man, seeing that you have pronounced pure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it? 3) They said to Rabbi Nehunia: what reason have you found for pronouncing impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man? 1) He said to them: we find that a limb from a living man is like an entire corpse; just as in the case of a corpse, a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it is impure, so also in the case of a limb from a living man, a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from it must be impure. 2) They said to him: No! When you pronounce impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a corpse, it is because you have pronounced impure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it. But how can you also pronounce impure a barley-grain’s quantity of bone severed from a limb of a living man, seeing that you have pronounced pure an olive’s quantity of flesh severed from it? 1) They said to Rabbi Eliezer: what reason have you found for dividing your standards? Either pronounce them both impure, or pronounce them both pure! 1) He said to them: greater is the impurity of flesh than the impurity of bones, for the defilement of flesh applies both to (animal) carcasses and to creeping things, but it is not so in the case of bones. Another answer: a limb which has on it the proper quantity of flesh causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); if the flesh is diminished it is still impure, while if the bone is diminished it is pure. They said to Rabbi Nehunia: what reason have you found for dividing your standards? Either pronounce them both impure, or pronounce them both pure! He said to them: greater is the impurity of bones than the impurity of flesh, for flesh severed from a living man is pure, whereas a limb severed from him, while in its natural condition, is impure. Another answer: an olive’s quantity of flesh (from a corpse) causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); and a majority of a corpse’s bones causes impurity by touching and by carrying and by being under the same roof-space (ohel); if the flesh is diminished it is pure, but if a majority of the bones is diminished, although it does not cause impurity by being under the same roof-space, it yet causes defilement by touching and by carrying.Another answer: any flesh of a corpse less than an olive’s quantity is pure, but bones forming the greater portion of the body’ build or the greater portion of the number of the corpse’s bones, even though they do not fill a quarter-kav are yet impure. They said to Rabbi Joshua: what reason have you found for pronouncing them both pure? He said to them: No! When you pronounce impure in the case of a corpse, it is because the rules of “majority”, “quarter-kav”, and “decayed matter” apply to it. But how can you say the same of a living man, seeing that the rules of “majority”, “quarter-kav”, and “decayed matter” do not apply to him?"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Zadok testified concerning the redemption (lamb) of a firstborn donkey, that if it died, the priest receives nothing, Whereas Rabbi Eliezer says: the owner must bear the responsibility as with the five selas [in the case] of a [firstborn] son. But the Sages say: he bears no responsibility any more than in the case of the redemption of second tithes.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning brine of unclean locusts that it is clean, Whereas the first mishnah [said]: unclean locusts that have been preserved together with clean locusts do not make their brine unfit.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning flowing water which exceeded in quantity dripping water; that it was valid. There was such a case at Birath Hapilya, and when the case came before the Sages they declared it valid.",
+ "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning flowing water which was made to run in a stream through nut-leaves, that it was valid. There was such a case at Ahaliyya, and when the case came before [the Sages in] the Chamber of Hewn Stone they declared it valid.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Yakim, a man of Hadar, testified concerning a jar of ashes of a red heifer which was put over a creeping thing, that they were unclean. Whereas Rabbi Eliezer had pronounced them clean. Rabbi Papias testified concerning one who had vowed two naziriteships, that if he cut his hair after the first one on the thirtieth day, he could cut his hair after the second one on the sixtieth day; and if he cut his hair on the fifty-ninth day he has also fulfilled his duty, for the thirtieth day counts towards the required number.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Papias testified concerning the offspring of a peace-offering, that it can be brought as a peace-offering, whereas Rabbi Eliezer says that the offspring of a peace-offering cannot be brought as a peace-offering. But the sages say: it can be brought. Rabbi Papias said: “I testify that we had a cow, which was a peace-offering, and we ate it at Passover, and its offspring we ate as a peace-offering at the [next] festival.",
+ "They testified concerning the boards of bakers, that they are impure (they can receive impurity), whereas Rabbi Eliezer declares them pure (unable to receive impurity). They testified concerning an oven which was cut into rings and sand was put between the rings that it is impure (can receive impurity), whereas Rabbi Eliezer declares it pure (unable to receive impurity). They testified that the year may be intercalated throughout the whole of Adar, whereas they used to say: only until Purim. They testified that the year may be intercalated conditionally. There was such a case with Rabban Gamaliel who went to receive permission from the governor in Syria and he delayed in coming back; and they intercalated the year on condition that rabban gamaliel should approve; and when he came back he said: I approve, and the year was intercalated.",
+ "Menahem ben Signai testified concerning the ledge attached to an olive-boiler’s cauldron, that it is [liable to become] impure; and concerning that of dyers, that it is not [liable to become] impure, whereas they used to say the reverse.",
+ "Rabbi Nehunia ben Gudgada testified concerning a deaf-mute whose father had given her in marriage, that she could be sent away with a bill of divorcement; And concerning a minor, daughter of an Israelite who married a priest, that she could eat terumah, and if she died her husband inherited from her; And concerning a stolen beam that had been built into a palace, that it might be restored by the payment of its value; And concerning a sin-offering that had been stolen, and this was not known to many, that it caused atonement because of the welfare of the altar."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Rabbi Joshua ben. Bathyra testified concerning the blood of carcasses that it was pure. Rabbi Shimon ben Bathyra testified concerning the ashes of purification, that if a defiled person had touched part of them he had defiled the whole of them. Rabbi Akiva added in regard to the fine flour, the incense, the frankincense, and the coals, that if a tevul yom had touched part of them he had made the whole of them unfit.",
+ "Rabbi Judah ben Baba and Rabbi Judah the priest testified concerning a minor, the daughter of an Israelite who married a priest, that she could eat terumah as soon as she entered the bridal chamber even though she had not engaged in marital intercourse. Rabbi Yose the priest and Rabbi Zechariah ben Hakatzav testified concerning a young girl who had been taken as collateral (by gentiles) in Ashkelon, and that her family had distanced her, even though her witnesses testified that she had not secluded herself [with any Man] and that she had not been defiled. The Sages said to them: if you believe that she had been taken as collateral, believe also that she did not seclude herself [with any man] and that she was not defiled; and if you do not believe that she did not seclude herself and that she was not defiled, neither believe that she had been taken as collateral.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra testified concerning the widow of [a man belonging to] a family of doubtful lineage (an issa), that she was fit to marry into the priesthood, [And that those of] a family of doubtful lineage are fit to declare who was unclean and who clean, who was to be put away and who was to be brought near. Rabban Gamaliel said: we accept your testimony, but what can we do since Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai ordained that courts should not be commissioned for this purpose? The priests would listen to you concerning those who might be put away, but not concerning those who might be brought near!",
+ "Rabbi Yose ben Yoezer, a man of Zereda, testified concerning the ayal-locust, that it is pure; And concerning liquid in the slaughter-house (of the Temple), that it is pure; And that one who touches a corpse is impure. And they called him “Yose the permitter”.",
+ "Rabbi Akiva testified in the name of Nehemiah, a man of Beth Deli, that a woman is allowed to remarry on the evidence of one witness. Rabbi Joshua testified concerning bones found in the wood-shed that the Sages said: one may gather them, bone by bone, and they are all clean.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer said: I have heard that when they were building the Temple [complex] they made curtains for the Temple and curtains for the Temple-courts; but in the case of the Temple they built from the outside, and in the case of the Temple-court they built from the inside. Rabbi Joshua said: I have heard that sacrifices may be offered even though there is no Temple, and that the most holy sacrifices may be eaten even though there are no curtains, and the less holy sacrifices and second tithes even though there is no wall [around Jerusalem]; because the first sanctification sanctified both for its own time and for the time to come.",
+ "Rabbi Joshua said: I have received a tradition from Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, who heard it from his teacher, and his teacher [heard it] from his teacher, as a halakhah [given] to Moses from Sinai, that Elijah will not come to pronounce unclean or to pronounce clean, to put away or to bring near, but to put away those brought near by force and to bring near those put away by force. The family of Beth Tzriphah was on the other side of the Jordan and Ben Zion put it away by force; and yet another family was there, and Ben Zion brought it near by force. It is such as these that Elijah will come to pronounce unclean or to pronounce clean, to put away or to bring near. Rabbi Judah says: to bring near, but not to put away. Rabbi Shimon says: to conciliate disputes. And the Sages say: neither to put away nor to bring near, but to make peace in the world, for it is said, “Behold I send to you Elijah the prophet”, etc., “and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children and the heart of the children to their fathers” (Malachi 3:23-2."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9993cf9b751e3d764c20c35d4fc6fc965a9bb30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַנָּשִׁין דַּיָּן שַׁעְתָן. \nהֶלֵּל אוֹמֵר: \nמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, \nאֲפִלּוּ לְיָמִים הַרְבֵּה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, \nאֶלָּא מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יָד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, \nוּמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יָד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. \n\nב\nכָּל אֶשָּׁה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ וֶסֶת, דַּיָּהּ שַׁעְתָהּ. \nמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בְּעֵדִין הֲרֵי זוֹ כִפְקִידָה, \nוּמְמַעֶטֶת עַל יָד מֵעֵת לְעֵת, \nוְעַל יָד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה. \n",
+ "ג\nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nמִקַּב חַלָּה. \nהֶלֵּל אוֹמֵר: \nמִקַּבַּיִם. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, \nאֶלָּא קַב וּמַחְצָה חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה. \nוּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּילוּ הַמִּדּוֹת, אָמְרוּ: \nחֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים חַיָּבִין. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nחֲמִשָּׁה, פְּטוּרִין, \nחֲמִשָּׁה וָעוֹד, חַיָּבִין. \n",
+ "ד\nהֶלֵּל אוֹמֵר: \nמְלֹא הִין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, \nשֶׁאָדָם חַיָּב לוֹמַר כִּלְשׁוֹן רַבּוֹ. \nוְשַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר: \nתִּשְׁעַת קַבִּים. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, \nאֶלָּא עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנֵי גִרְדִּיִּים \nמִשַּׁעַר הָאַשְׁפּוֹת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nוְהֵעִידוּ מִשֵּׁם שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן: \nשְׁלֹשֶׁת לָגִּים מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, \nוְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶן. \n",
+ "ה\nוְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין אֶת דִּבְרֵי שַׁמַּי וְהֶלֵּל לְבַטְּלָן? \nלְלַמֵּד לַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים, \nשֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא אָדָם עוֹמֵד עַל דְּבָרוֹ, \nשֶׁהֲרֵי אֲבוֹת הָעוֹלָם לֹא עָמְדוּ עַל דִּבְרֵיהֶן. \n",
+ "ו\nוְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין אֶת דִּבְרֵי יָחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין, \nהוֹאִיל וְאֵין הֲלָכָה אֶלָּא כְדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין? \nשֶׁאִם יִרְאֶה בֵית דִּין אֶת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד וְיִסְמֹךְ עָלָיו, \nשֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל אֶת דִּבְרֵי בֵית דִּין חֲבֵרוֹ, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בַחָכְמָה וּבַמִּנְיָן. \nהָיָה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בַחָכְמָה אֲבָל לֹא בַמִּנְיָן, \nבַּמִּנְיָן אֲבָל לֹא בַחָכְמָה, \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל אֶת דְּבָרוֹ, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בַחָכְמָה וּבַמִּנְיָן. \n",
+ "ז\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nאִם כֵּן, \nלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין אֶת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין לְבַטְּלָן? \nשֶׁאִם יֹאמַר אָדָם: \n\"כָּךְ אֲנִי מְקֻבָּל\", \nיֹאמַר לוֹ: \n\"מִדִּבְרֵי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שָׁמַעְתָּ\". \n",
+ "ח\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nרֹבַע הָעֲצָמוֹת מִן הָעֲצָמִים, \nבֵּין מִשְּׁנַיִם בֵּין מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nרֹבַע הָעֲצָמוֹת מִן הַגְּוִיָּה, \nמֵרֹב הַבִּנְיָן אוֹ מֵרֹב הַמִּנְיָן. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ מֵעֶצֶם אֶחָד. \n",
+ "ט\nכַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nשׁוֹרִים וְשָׁפִים בְּטַהֲרָה, \nוּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשׁוֹרִים בְּטַהֲרָה, \nוְשָׁפִים וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nיֹאכְלוּ צְרִיד. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶן בְּטֻמְאָה. \n",
+ "י\nהַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע מִמָּעוֹת שֶׁלְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nכָּל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מְחַלְּלִין כֶּסֶף וּפֵרוֹת עַל הַכֶּסֶף. \nוַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין. \n",
+ "יא\nהַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע שֶׁלְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. \nהַדָּנִים לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין כֶּסֶף, וּבְדִינָר מָעוֹת. \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין כֶּסֶף וּבִרְבִיעִית כֶּסֶף וּבִרְבִיעִית מָעוֹת. \nוּרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאַרְבָּעָה אָסְפְּרֵי כֶסֶף. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nיַנִּיחֶנָּה בֶחָנוּת וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּהּ. \n",
+ "יב\nכִּסֵּא שֶׁלַּכַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַמִּין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁלַּכִּסֵּא, טָמֵא. \nכִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַמִּין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הֶעָשׁוּי בָּהּ. \n",
+ "יג\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים \nשֶׁחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי: \nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁבָּאת מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וְאָמְרָה: \n\"מֵת בַּעְלִי\", תִּנָּשֵׂא; \n\"מֵת בַּעְלִי\", תִּתְיַבֵּם. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר בִּלְבַד. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר, \nוְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים, \nוְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם. \nלֹא דִבְּרוּ בַקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהוֹוֶה. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹדוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n\nיד\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּה. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nהִתַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָעֶרְוָה הַחֲמוּרָה, <עֶרְיָיה>\nוְלֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת הַמָּמוֹן הַקַּל? \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הֶלֵּל: \nמָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִים בְּנַחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nוַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמַד, \nשֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, \nשֶׁאִם תִּנָּשֵׂא לְאַחֵר, \nתִּטְּלִי מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לִיךְ. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹדוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "יה\nמִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶן חֹרִים, \nעוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד. \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, \nוְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם: \nלִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה, אֵינוּ יָכוֹל, \nבַּת חֹרִין, אֵינוּ יָכוֹל. \nיִבָּטֵל? \nוַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לְפִרְיָה וְרִבְיָה? \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה מה,יח) \n\"לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ, לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ\". \nאֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, \nכּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חֹרִים, \nוְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹדוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "יו\nכְּלִי חֶרֶס מַצִּיל עַל הַכֹּל, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִים, \nוְעַל כְּלִי חֶרֶס. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הֶלֵּל: \nמִפְּנֵי מָה? \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא עַל גַּב עַם הָאָרֶץ, \nוְאֵין כְּלִי טָמֵא חוֹצֵץ. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הֶלֵּל: \nוַהֲלֹא טִהַרְתֶּם אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ? \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nכְּשֶׁטִּהַרְנוּ אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, \nלְעַצְמוֹ טִהַרְנוּ, \nאֲבָל כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְתָּ אֶת הַכֶּלִי, \nטִהַרְתָּ לָךְ וְלוֹ. \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹדוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרְבִּי חֲנַנְיָה סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים: \nמִימֵיהֶם שֶׁלַּכֹּהֲנִים, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלִּשְׂרֹף אֶת הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא בִוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, \nעִם הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, \nאַף עַל פִּי מוֹסִיפִין לוֹ טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. \n\nב\nהוֹסִיף רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nמִימֵיהֶם שֶׁלַּכֹּהֲנִים, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַדְלִיק אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּפְסַל בִּטְבוּל יוֹם, \nבְּנֵר שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא בִטְמֵא מֵת, \nאַף עַל פִּי מוֹסִיפִין לוֹ טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. \n",
+ "ג\nאָמַר חֲנַנְיָה סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים: \nמִיָּמַי לֹא רָאִיתִי עוֹר יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרִיפָה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nמִדְּבָרָיו לָמַדְנוּ, \nשֶׁהַמַּפְשִׁיט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר וְנִמְצָא טְרֵפָה, \nשֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּעוֹרוֹ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין \"לֹא רָאִינוּ\" רְאָיָה, <הֵן>\nאֶלָּא יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרִיפָה. \n",
+ "ד\nאַף הוּא הֵעִיד עַל כְּפָר קָטָן שֶׁהָיָה בְצַד יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, \nוְהָיָה בוֹ זָקֵן אֶחָד, \nוְהָיָה מַלְוֶה לְכָל בְּנֵי הַכְּפָר, \nוְכוֹתֵב בִּכְתָב יָדוֹ, וַאֲחֵרִין חוֹתְמִין. \nוּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִין וְהִתִּירוּ. \nלְפִי דַרְכָּךְ אַתָּה לָמֵד, \nשֶׁהַאִשָּׁה כוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ, \nוְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבָרוֹ, \nשֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתָמָיו. \nוְעַל הַמַּחַט שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּבָּשָׂר, \nשֶׁהַסְּכִין וְהַיָּדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת, \nוְהַבָּשָׂר טָמֵא. \nוְאִם נִמְצֵאת בַּפֶּרֶשׁ, \nהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין אָמַר רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל \nלִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה: \nעַל בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵּי יָרָק שֶׁלַּתְּרוּמָה, \nשֶׁהִיא חִבּוּר. \nוְאִם הָיְתָה כְמִין כּוֹבַע, \nוְאֵינָה חִבּוּר. \nוְעַל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁבַּקָּצִיר וְרֹאשָׁהּ מַגִּיעַ לַקָּמָה, \nאִם נִקְצֶרֶת עִם הַקָּמָה, \nהֲרֵי שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת; \nוְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי שֶׁלָּעֲנִיִּים. \nוְעַל גַּנָּה קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת עָרִיס, \nאִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ מְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּן, \nמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּן, \nתִּזָּרַע, \nוְאִם לָאו, לֹא תִזָּרַע. \n",
+ "ו\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, \nוְלֹא אָמַר בָּהֶן אִסּוּר וְהֶתֵּר, \nוּפֵרְשָׁן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן מַתְיָה: \nהַמֵּפֵישׂ מֻרְסָה בַשַּׁבָּת, \nאִם לַעֲשׁוֹת לָהּ פֶּה, \nחַיָּב, \nוְאִם לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה לֵחָה, \nפָּטוּר. \nהַצָּד נָחָשׁ בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nאִם כְּמִתְעַסֵּק שֶׁלֹּא יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ, \nפָּטוּר; \nוְאִם לִרְפוּאָה, \nחַיָּב. \nוְעַל לַפָּסִים אֲרוֹנִיּוֹת, \nשֶׁהֵן טְהוֹרוֹת, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן. \n",
+ "ז\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, \nוְלֹא הוֹדָה לוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nהַשּׁוּם וְהַבֹּסֶר וְהַמְלִילוֹת שֶׁרִסְּקָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, \nשֶׁרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nיִגְמֹר מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ, \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יִגְמֹר. \n",
+ "ח\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nשְׁנַיִם מִשֵּׁם רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, \nוְאֶחָד מִשֵּׁם רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. \nשְׁנַיִם מִשֵּׁם רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nיוֹצָא אִשָּׁה בְעִיר שֶׁלַּזָּהָב, \nוּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים פְּסוּלִין מִן הָעֵדוּת. \nוְאֶחָד מִשֵּׁם רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּפִי הַחֻלְדָּה, \nוּמְהַלֶּכֶת עַל גַּבֵּי כִכָּרוֹת שֶׁלַּתְּרוּמָה, \nסָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, \nסְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ט\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה, \nעַל שְׁנַיִם הוֹדוּ לוֹ, \nוְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ. \nעַל סַנְדָּל שֶׁלַּסַּיָּדִין, \nשֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nוְעַל שִׁירֵי תַנּוּר, אַרְבָּעָה, \nשֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים 'שְׁלֹשָׁה', \nוְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. \nוְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ: \nעַל כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָו זֶה בְצַד זֶה, \nשֶׁרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "י\nהוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָאָב זָכֶה לַבֵּן בַּנּוֹי, <בנואי>\nוּבַכֹּחַ, וּבָעֹשֶׁר, וּבַחָכְמָה, וּבַשָּׁנִים, \nוּבְמִסְפַּר הַדּוֹרוֹת לְפָנָיו. \nהוּא הַקֵּץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה מא,ד) \n\"קֹרֶא הַדֹּרוֹת מֵרֹאשׁ\"; \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (בראשית טו,יג) \n\"וַעֲבָדוּם וְעִנּוּ אֹתָם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה\", \nוְנֶאֱמַר: (שם שם,טז) \n\"וְדוֹר רְבִיעִי יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּה\". \n",
+ "יא\nאַף הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִין שֶׁלִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ: \nמִשְׁפַּט דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ; \nמִשְׁפַּט אִיּוֹב, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ; \nמִשְׁפַּט הַמִּצְרִים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ; \nמִשְׁפַּט גּוֹג לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ; \nמִשְׁפַּט רְשָׁעִים בְּגֵיהִנָּם, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה סו,כג) \n\"וְהָיָה מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ\". \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nמִן הַפֶּסַח עַד עֲצֶרֶת, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה סו,כג) \n\"וּמִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ\". \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל הַמִּטַּמִּים בְּאָהֵל \nשֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ וְהִכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, \nרְבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן אַרְכִינס מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכִשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִין מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, אוֹ נוֹשְׂאָן, \nוּבַמֵּת, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת, וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, \nאוֹ נוֹגֵע בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת, \nוְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו. \nוּמַאֲהִיל עַל כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים, \nוּמַאֲהִיל עַד כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, \nוַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו; \nרְבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן אַרְכִינָס מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. \n\nב\nאֲבָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת, \nוְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת; \nאוֹ מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, \nוְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, \nטָהוֹר. \nאָמַר רְבִּי מֵאִיר: \nאַף בָּזֶה רְבִּי דוֹסָה בֶן אַרְכִינָס מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. \nהַכֹּל טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַמַּגָּע, \nוְהַמַּשָּׂא עִם אָהֵל. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, טָמֵא; \nמִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ג\nאֹכֶל פָּרוּד אֵינוּ מִצְטָרֵף. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמִצְטָרֵף. \nמְחַלְּלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל אֲסִימוֹן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \nמַטְבִּילִין יָדַיִם לַחַטָּאת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאִם נִטַּמְּאוּ יָדָיו, נִטַּמָּא גוּפוֹ. \n",
+ "ד\nמְעֵי אֲבַטִּיחַ וּקְנֹבֶת יָרָק שֶׁלַּתְּרוּמָה, \nרְבִּי דוֹסָא מַתִּיר לַזָּרִים, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \n\nה\nחָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת גּוֹזְזוֹת מָנֶה מָנֶה וָפֶרֶס, \nחַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nחָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת גּוֹזְזוֹת כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n",
+ "ו\nכָּל הַחוֹצָלוֹת טְמֵאוֹת טְמֵא מֵת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמִדְרָס. \nכָּל הַקְּלִיעוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלְּגִלְגִּילוֹן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nכֻּלָּם טְמֵאוֹת, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלַּצַּמָּרִים. \n",
+ "ז\nהַקֶּלַע שֶׁלְּבֵית קִבּוּל שֶׁלָּהּ אָרִיג, \nטְמֵאָה. \nוְשֶׁלָּעוֹר, \nרְבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן אַרְכִינָס מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּים. \nנִפְסַק בֵּית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה; \nוּבֵית הַפָּקוּעַַ שֶׁלָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ח\nהַשְּׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי דוֹסָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת, \nוְיֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁאֵינָה אוֹכֶלֶת. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה: \nנִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, \nאוֹכֶלֶת. \nאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית, \nוְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת: \nטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, \nאֵינָה אוֹכֶלֶת. \n",
+ "ט\nאַרְבָּעָה סְפֵקוֹת רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהַטָּמֵא עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּהוֹר עוֹבֵר, \nהַטָּהוֹר עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּמֵא עוֹבֵר, \nטֻמְאָה בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטַהֲרָה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, \nטַהֲרָה בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטֻמְאָה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. \nסָפֵק נָגַע, סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, \nסָפֵק הֶאֱהִיל, סָפֵק לֹא הֶאֱהִיל, \nסָפֵק הֵסִיט, וְסָפֵק לֹא הֵסִיט, \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "י\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין רְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \nמַסְמֵר שֶׁלַַּשֻּׁלְחָנִי, \nוְאָרוֹן שֶׁלַּגָּרוֹסוֹת, <שֶׁלַּגְּרוּסוֹת>\nוּמַסְמֵר שֶׁלְּאֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "יא\nאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \nכְּסוּי טֶנִי שֶׁלְּמַתֶּכֶת שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nוּתְלוּי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, \nוְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתְּכוֹת, \nוְטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם. \nמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, \nבְּטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, \nאֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטֹן, \nהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "יב\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַחְמִיר \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי: \nאֵין טוֹמְנִין אֶת הַחַמִּים מִיּוֹם טוֹב לַשַּׁבָּת, \nוְאֵין זוֹקְפִין אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, \nוְאֵין אוֹפִין פִּתָּן גְּרִיצוֹת, \nאֶלָּא רְקִיקִים. \nאָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \n\"מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁלְּבֵית אַבָּא, \nלֹא הָיוּ אוֹפִין אֶת פִּתָּן גְּרִיצוֹת, \nאֶלָּא רְקִיקִים.\" \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה לָהֶם לְבֵית אָבִיךָ, \nשֶׁהָיוּ מַחְמִירִין עַל עַצְמָן, \nוּמְקִלִּים עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nלִהְיוֹת אוֹפִין פִּתָּן גְּרִיצוֹת וָחֹרִי!\" \n",
+ "יג\nאַף הוּא אָמַר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין לְהָקֵל: \nמְכַבְּדִין בֵּין הַמִּטּוֹת, \nוּמַנִּיחִין אֶת הַמִּגְמָר בְּיוֹם טוֹב, \nוְעוֹשִׂין גְּדִי מְקֻלָּס בְּלֵילֵי פְסָחִים. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \n",
+ "יד\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּיר, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \nפָּרָתוֹ יוֹצָא בִרְצוּעָה שֶׁבֵּין קְרָנֶיהָ, \nוּמְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, \nוְשׁוֹחֲקִין אֶת הַפִּלְפְּלִין בָּרֵחַיִם שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה, \nאֲבָל מְקַרְצְפִין. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין מְקָרְדִין, \nאַף לֹא מְקַרְצְפִין. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים מִקָּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל: \nבֵּיצָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתֵּאָכֵל; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא תֵאָכֵל. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nשְׂאוֹר כַּזַּיִת וְחָמֵץ כַּכּוֹתֶבֶת; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nזֶה וָזֶה כַּזַּיִת. \n",
+ "ב\nהַשּׁוֹחֵט חַיָּה וָעוֹף בְּיוֹם טוֹב, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nיַחְפֹּר בַּדָּקָל וִיכַסֶּה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא יִשְׁחֹט, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ עָפָר מוּכָן. \nמוֹדִים שֶׁאִם שָׁחַט, \nשֶׁיַּחְפֹּר בַּדָּקָל וִיכַסֶּה; \nשֶׁאֵפֶר הַכִּירָה מוּכָן. \n",
+ "ג\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nהֶבְקֵר לָעֲנִיִּים הֶבְקֵר; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ הֶבְקֵר, \nעַד שֶׁיָּבְקַר אַף לָעֲשִׁירִים כִּשְׁמִטָּה. \nכָּל עֳמָרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁלְּקַב קַב, \nאַחַת שֶׁלְּאַרְבַּעַת קַבִּים וּשְׁכֵחוֹ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ שִׁכְחָה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשִׁכְחָה. \n",
+ "ד\nהָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַגָּפָא \nוְלַגָּדִישׁ וְלַבָּקָר וְלַכֵּלִים וּשְׁכֵחוֹ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ שִׁכְחָה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשִׁכְחָה. \n",
+ "ה\nכֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹ בֵעוּר; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nיֶשׁ לוֹ. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nיֵשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֵשׁ לוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת, \nוַעֲנָוִים פּוֹדִין לְעַצְמָן; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nכֻּלּוֹ לַגַּת. \n",
+ "ו\nחָבִית שֶׁלַּזֵּיתִים מְגֻלְגָּלִים, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nצָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב; \nוּמוֹדִים, \nשֶׁאִם נִקָּבָה וּסְתָמוּהָא שְׁמָרִים, \nשֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה. \nהַסָּךְ שֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר וְנִטָּמָא, \nוְיָרַד וְטָבַל, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף עַל פִּי מְנַטֵּף, \nטָהוֹר; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nכְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן. \nאִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן טָמֵא מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nכְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵיחַ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשֵּׁם בֵּית הֶלֵּל: \nטוֹפֵיחַ וּמַטְפִּיחַ. \n",
+ "ז\nהָאִשָּׁה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בְּדִינָר וּבְשׁוֹוֶה דִינָר, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי ; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nבִּפְרוּטָה וּבְשׁוֹוֶה פְרוּטָה. \nוְכַמָּה הִיא פְרוּטָה? \nאֶחָד מִשְּׁמוֹנָה בְאִסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nפּוֹטֵר הוּא אָדָם אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. \nוְאֵיזֶה הוּא גֵט יָשָׁן? \nכָּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחַד עִמָּהּ מֵאַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ. \nהַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בַפּוֹנְדְּקִי, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינָה צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nצְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. \nאֶמָּתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּתְגָרְשָׁה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין; \nוּמוֹדִין בְּנִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִים, \nשֶׁאֵינָה צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. \n",
+ "[ח]\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מַתִּירִין אֶת הַצָּרוֹת לְאַחִים, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. \n(חָלְצוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. \nנִתְיַבְּמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּי מַכְשִׁירִין; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. \nוְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵית שַׁמַּי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִ בֵּית הֶלֵּל, \nוְלֹא בֵית הֶלֵּל מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִ בֵּית שַׁמַּי. \nוְכָל הַטְּהָרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, \nלֹא נִמְנְעוּ לִהְיוֹת עוֹשִׂים טְהָרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּב אֵלּוּ. )\n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִין, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶן נְשׁוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה; \nמֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אַחְיוֹת, \nעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, \nוְהַלָּז תֵצֵא מִשֵּׁם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט וַחֲלִיצָה, \nוְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמָרוּ: \nאִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, \nוְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. \n",
+ "ט\nהַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִתַּשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nשְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשַׁבָּת אַחַת. \nהַמַּפֶּלֶת אוֹר לִשְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין מִן הַקָּרְבָּן; <פוֹטְרִין>\nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. \nסָדִין בְּצִיצִית, בֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. \nכַּלְכַּלַּת הַשַּׁבָּת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. \n",
+ "י\nמִי שֶׁנָּדַר נְזִירוּת מְרֻבָּה וְהִשְׁלִים אֶת נְזִירוּתוֹ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא לָאָרֶץ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nנָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nנָזִיר כַּתְּחִלָּה. \nמִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים מְעִידוֹת אוֹתוֹ, \nאֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתַּיִם, \nוְאֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּזַר חָמֵשׁ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nנֶחְלְקָה הָעֵדוּת, אֵין כָּאן נְזִירוּת; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nיֵשׁ בִּכְלַל חָמֵשׁ שְׁתַּיִם, \nשֶׁיְּהֶה נָזִיר שְׁתַּיִם. \n",
+ "יא\nאָדָן שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן תַּחַת הַסֶּדֶק, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאָדָם, חָלוּל הוּא, \nוְהַצַּד הָעֶלְיוֹן מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרְבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִין מִקּוֹלֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל: \nדַּם נְבֵלוֹת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַמִּים. \nבֵּיצַת הַנְּבֵלָה, \nאִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ נִמְכֶּרֶת בַּשּׁוּק, \nמֻתֶּרֶת, \nוְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרָה, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹסְרִין, \nוּמוֹדִים בְּבֵיצַת טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה, <טריפה>\nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁגָּדְלָה בְאִסּוּר. \nדַּם נָכְרִית וְדַם טַהֲרָה שֶׁלַּמְּצֹרַעַת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַהֲרִין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nכְּרוֹקָהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. \nאוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין אוֹכְלִין בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה. \nהַחֵמֶת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nצְרוּרָה עוֹמֶדֶת. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָה צְרוּרָה. \n",
+ "ב\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nשִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִין מִקָּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל: \nהָעוֹף עוֹלֶה עִם הַגְּבִנָּה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְאֵינוּ נֶאֱכָל, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי.\nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא עוֹלֶה וְלֹא נֶאֱכָל. \nתּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִין עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן, \nוַעֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין. \nהַזּוֹרֵעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nקִדֵּשׁ שׁוּרָה אַחַת. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nקִדֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. \nהַמְּעִיסָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין וּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. \nמַטְבִּילִין בְּחַרְדְּלִית, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין מַטְבִּילִין. \nגֵּר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיַּר עֶרֶב פְּסָחִים, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nטוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ לָעֶרֶב. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nהַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הָעָרְלָה, \nכְּפוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַקֶּבֶר. \n",
+ "ג\nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִין מִקָּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל: \nקֹהֶלֶת אֵינָה מְטַמָּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמְטַמָּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁעָשׁוּ מִצְוָתָן, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַהֲרִין וּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַמִּין. \nהַקֶּצַח, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַהֲרִין וּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַמִּים. \nוְכֵן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. \n",
+ "ד\nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁנֵי דְבָרִין מִקָּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל: \nדַּם יוֹלֶדֶת שֶׁלֹּא טָבְלָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nכְּרוֹקָהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ. \nוּמוֹדִין בְּיוֹלֶדֶת בַּזּוֹב, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ. \n",
+ "ה\nוְאַרְבָּעָה אָחִים, \nשְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׁוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אַחְיוֹת, \nוּמֵתוּ הַנְּשׁוּאִין אֶת הָאַחְיוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת, \nוְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר מִשֵּׁם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nיְקַיְּמוּ. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nיוֹצִיאוּ. \n",
+ "ו\nעֲקַבְיָה בֶן מַהֲלַלְאֵל הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nעֲקַבְיָה, \nחֲזֹר בָּךְ בְּאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִין שֶׁהָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר, \nוְנַעַשָׂךְ אַב בֵּית דִּין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nמוּטָב לִי לִקָּרוֹת שׁוֹטֶה כָל יָמַי, \nוְלֹא לֵעָשׁוֹת שָׁעָה אַחַת רָשָׁע לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם; \nשֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ אוֹמְרִין: \nבִּשְׁבִיל סְרָרָה חָזַר בּוֹ. \n\nז\nהוּא הָיָה מְטַמֵּא שְׂעַר הַפְּקֻדָּה וְדַם הַיָּרֹק; \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nהוּא הָיָה מַתִּיר שְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם \nשֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בַחַלּוֹן, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטוֹ; \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \nהוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מַשְׁקִים \nלֹא הַגִּיּוֹרֶת וְלֹא אֶת הַשִּׁפְחָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת; \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמַשְׁקִין. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְּכַרְכְּמִית, \nשִׁפְחָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nוְהִשְׁקוּהָ שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nדִּכְמָא הִשְׁקוּהָ. <דיכגמה>\nוְנִדּוּהוּ, וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, \nוְסָקְלוּ בֵית דִּין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ. \n\nח\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nחַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁעֲקַבְיָה נִתְנַדָּה! \nשֶׁאֵין הָעֲזָרָה נִוּמִקְדָּשׁ נִטְמָא עַל כָל אָדָן מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל \nבְּחָכְמָה וּבְיִרְאוּת חֵטְא כַּעֲקַבְיָה בֶן מַהֲלַלְאֵל. \nוְאֶת מִי נִדּוּ? \nאֶת אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן חַנָּךְ, \nשֶׁפִּקְפֵּק בְּטַהֲרַת יָדַיִם; \nוּכְשֶׁמֵּת, \nשָׁלְחוּ בֵית דִּין וְהִנִּיחוּ אֶבֶן עַל אֲרוֹנוֹ; \nמְלַמֵּד, שֶׁכָּל הַמְּנֻדֶּה וּמֵת, \nסוֹקְלִין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ. \n",
+ "ט\nוּבְשָׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אָמַר לִבְנוֹ: \nבְּנִי, \nחֲזֹר בָּךְ בְּאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִין שֶׁהָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nוְאַתָּה, לָמָּה לֹא חָזַרְתָּ בָּךְ? \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפִּי מְרֻבִּין, \nוְהֵן שָׁמְעוּ מִפִּי מְרֻבִּין; \nאֲנִי עָמַדְתִּי עַל שְׁמוּעָתִי, \nוְהֵן עָמְדוּ בִשְׁמוּעָתָן; \nאֲבָל אַתָּה שָׁמַעְתָּ מִפִּי הַיָּחִיד, \nוּמִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּין, \nוּמוּטָב לְהַנִּיחַ אֶת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד, \nוְלֶאֱחוֹז בְּדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאַבָּא, \nפַּקֵּד עָלַי לַחֲבֵרֶיךָ. \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nאֵינִי מְפַקֵּד. \nשֶׁמֵּא עַוְלָה מָצָאתָ בִּי? \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nלָאו, \nמַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְקָרְבוּךָ וּמַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְרַחֲקוּךָ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן אָבָּא הֵעִיד חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִין: \nשֶׁמְּמָאֲנִים אֶת הַקְּטַנּוֹת; \nוְשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד; \nוְשֶׁנִּסְקַל תַּרְנְגוֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עַל שֶׁהָרַג אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ; \nוְעַל הַיַּיִן בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם, \nשֶׁנִּתְנַסַּךְ עַל גַּב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ; \nוְעַל תָּמִיד שֶׁלַּשַּׁחַר, \nשֶׁקָּרֵב בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. \n",
+ "ב\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה בֶן אֶלְנָתָן \nאִישׁ כְּפַר הַבַּבְלִי עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת, \nשֶׁהוּא טָמֵא; \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. \n\nג\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nוַהֲלֹא קַל וָחֹמֶר הוּא! \nמָה אִם הַחַי, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר, \nאֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, \nהַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, \nאֵינוּ דִין שֶׁיְּהֵא אֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nלֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. \n\nד\nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nמְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַחַיִּים מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּתִים, \nשֶׁהַחַי עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִתַּחְתָּיו, \nלְטַמֵּא אָדָם לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, \nעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין; \nמַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא. \n",
+ "\nה\nכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַהֲרִים. \nעֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, <כסעורה>\nרְבִּי נְחוּנְיָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוּרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֲרִים. \n\nו\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nמָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר \nהַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nמָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם; \nמָה הַמֵּת, \nכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, \nוְאַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, \nכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יְהֵי טָמֵא. \n\nז\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא, \nאִם טִמֵּאתָ כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, \nשֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, \nתְּטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, \nשֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ? \n\nח\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי נְחוּנְיָה: \nמָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה \nהַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nמָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם; \nמָה הַמֵּת, עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה, \nהַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, \nוְאַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה, \nהַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יְהִי טָמֵא. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא, \nאִם טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, \nשֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ; \nתְּטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, \nשֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ? \n\nט\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nמָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדָּתָךָ? \nאוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶן אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן! \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nמְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר מִטֻּמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת, \nשֶׁהַבָּשָׂר נוֹהֵג בַּנְּבֵלוֹת וּבַשְּׁרָצִים, \nמַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בָּעֲצָמוֹת. \nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nאֵבֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאָהֵל. \nחֲסַר הַבָּשָׂר, טָמֵא, \nחֲסַר הָעֶצֶם, טָהוֹר. \n\nי\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי נְחוּנְיָה: \nמָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדָּתָךָ? \nאוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶן אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן! \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nמְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת מִטֻּמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר, \nשֶׁהַבָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַחַי, טָהוֹר, \nוְאֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ וְהוּא כְבִרְיָתוֹ, טָמֵא. \nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nכַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאָהֵל, \nוְרֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מְטַמִּים בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאָהֵל; \nחֲסַר הַבָּשָׂר, טָהוֹר, \nחֲסַר רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהַר מִלְּטַמֵּא בְאָהֵל, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. \nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \nכָּל בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת שֶׁהוּא פָחוּת מִכַּזַּיִת, טָהוֹר. \nרֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ, רֹב מִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁלַּמֵּת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן רֹבַע, טְמֵאִים. \n\nיא\nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nמַה רָּאִיתָ לְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nלֹא, אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֵּת, \nשֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וּרְקָב, \nתֹּאמְרוּ בְחַי, \nשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וּרְקָב? \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי צָדוֹק \nעַל פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר שֶׁמֵּת, \nשֶׁאֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם. \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nחַיָּבִין בְּאַחְרָיוּתוֹ כְחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁלַּבֵּן. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין חַיָּבִין בְּאַחְרָיוּתוֹ, \nכְּפִדְיוֹן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. \n",
+ "ב\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי צָדוֹק \nעַל צֵיר חֲגָבִין טְמֵאִים, \nשֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר; \nשֶׁמִּשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה: \nחֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבָּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִין טְהוֹרִים, \nלֹא פָסְלוּ אֶת צֵירָן. \n",
+ "ג\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי צָדוֹק \nעַל הַזּוֹחֲלִים שֶׁרָבוּ עַל הַנּוֹטְפִים, \nשֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁרִין. \nמַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְבִירַת קַפִּלְיָא, \nוּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, \nוְהִכְשִׁירוּ. \n",
+ "ד\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי צָדוֹק \nעַל הַזּוֹחֲלִים שֶׁקִּלְּחָן בַּעֲלֵה אֱגוֹז, \nשֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁרִין. \nמַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְאָהָלִיָּא, \nוּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לְלִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית, \nוְהִכְשִׁירוּ. \n",
+ "ה\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי יָקִים אִישׁ חָדִיד \nעַל קְלָל שֶׁלַּחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּתְנוּ עַל גַּבֵּי הַשֶּׁרֶץ, \nשֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי פַפְּיַס עַל מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירִיּוֹת, \nשֶׁאִם גִּלַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים, \nמְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. \nוְאִם גִּלַּח יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר יוֹם אֶחָד, \nיָצָא, שֶׁיּוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים עוֹלֶה מִן הַמִּנְיָן. \n",
+ "ו\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי פַפְּיָס \nעַל וְלַד שְׁלָמִים שֶׁיִּקָּרֵב שְׁלָמִים. \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nוְלַד שְׁלָמִים לֹא יִקָּרֵב שְׁלָמִים. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיִקָּרֵב. \nאָמַר רְבִּי פַפְּיַס: \nאֲנִי מֵעִיד, \nשֶׁהָיְתָה לָנוּ פָרָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, \nוַאֲכַלְנוּהָ בַפֶּסַח, \nוְאָכַלְנוּ וַלְדָהּ שְׁלָמִים בֶּחָג. \n",
+ "ז\nהֵן הֵעִידוּ \nעַל אֲרֻכּוֹת שֶׁלַּנַּחְתּוֹמִים \nשֶׁהֵן טְמֵאוֹת. \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. \nוְהֵן הֵעִידוּ \nעַל תַּנּוּר שֶׁחִתְּכוֹ חֲלָיוֹת, \nוְנָתַן חוֹל בֵּין חָלְיָא לְחָלְיָא, \nשֶׁהוּא טָמֵא; \nשֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. \nהֵן הֵעִידוּ \nשֶׁמְּעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה בְּכָל אֲדָר. \nשֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִין: \nעַד הַפּוּרִים. \nהֵן הֵעִידוּ \nשֶׁמְּעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל תְּנַי. \n\nח\nמַעֲשֶׂה בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, \nשֶׁהָלַךְ לִטּוֹל רְשׁוּת מֵהֶגְמוֹן שֶׁבְּסוּרְיָא, \nוְשָׁהָא לָבֹא, \nוְעִבְּרוּ אֶת הַשָּׁנָה \nעַל תְּנַי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. \nוּכְשֶׁבָּא, אָמַר לָהֶן \"רוֹצֶה אֲנִי\", \nוְנִמְצָא הַשָּׁנָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת. \n",
+ "ט\nהֵעִיד מְנַחֵם בֶּן סַנְגַּי עַל מוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה, \nשֶׁלְּשׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, \nוְשֶׁלַּצַּבָּעִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר; \nשֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִין. \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גֻּדְגְּדָה, \nעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, \nשֶׁהִיא יוֹצָא בַגֵּט. \nוְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nשֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם מֵתָה, בַּעֲלָה יוֹרְשָׁהּ. \nוְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ בַבִּירָה, \nשֶׁיִּתֵּן אֶת דָּמָיו. \nוְעַל הַחַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדָעָה לָרַבִּים, \nשֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, \nמִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתִירָה \nעַל דַּם נְבֵלוֹת, \nשֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן בְּתִירָה \nעַל אֵפֶר הַחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע טָמֵא בְמִקְצָתוֹ, \nשֶׁטִּמֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. \nהוֹסִיף רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nהַסֹּלֶת וְהַקְּטֹרֶת, הַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַגֶּחָלִים, \nשֶׁנָּגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָן, \nשֶׁפָּסַל אֶת כֻּלָּם. \n",
+ "ב\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן אַבָּא וּרְבִּי יְהוּדָה הַכֹּהֵן \nעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nשֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, \nכֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעָלָה. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יוֹסֵף הַכֹּהֵן וּרְבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב \nעַל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁהָרְהָנָה בְאַשְׁקְלוֹן, \nוְרִחֲקוּהָ בְנֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה, \nוְעֵדֶיהָ מְעִידִין אוֹתָהּ \nשֶׁלֹּא נִסְתָּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה. \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶן חֲכָמִים: \n\"אִם מַאֲמִינִים אַתֶּם שֶׁהָרְהָנָה, \nהַאֲמִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתָּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה, \nוְאִם אֵין אַתֶּם מַאֲמִינִין \nשֶׁלֹּא נִסְתָּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה, \nאַל תַּאֲמִינוּ שֶׁהָרְהָנָה!\" \n",
+ "ג\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתִירָה \nעַל אַלְמְנַת עִסָּה, \nשֶׁהִיא כְשֵׁרָה לִכְהֻנָּה. \nהָעִסָּה כְשֵׁרָה לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, \nלְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. \nאָמַר רַבָּן [שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן] גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nקִבַּלְנוּ עֵדוּתְכֶן, \nאֲבָל מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה וְגָזַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי \nשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹשִׂיב בֵּית דִּין עַל כָּךְ? \nהַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְעִין לָכֶם לְרַחֵק, \nאֲבָל לֹא לְקָרֵב. \n",
+ "ד\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יוֹסֵה בֶן יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ צְרֵדָה \nעַל אַיָּל קַמְצָיָא, <קמיצייא>\nדְכֵי, \nוְעַל מַשְׁקֵה בֵית מַטְבְּחָיָא, \nדַּכְיָן, \nוְדִי יִקְרַב לְמִיתָה, \nמְסָאָב. \nוְקָרוֹן לֵיהּ \"יוֹסֵה שָׁרְיָא\". \n",
+ "ה\nהֵעִיד רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מִשֵּׁם נְחֶמְיָה אִישׁ בֵּית בַּדְּלִי \nשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עַל הָעֲצָמוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְדֵיר הָעֵצִים, \nאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nמְלַקֵּט עֶצֶם עֶצֶם, \nהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nשָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁיְּהוּ בוֹנִים בַּהֵיכָל, \nעוֹשִׂין קְלָעִים לַהֵיכָל וּקְלָעִים לָעֲזָרוֹת, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל בּוֹנִים מִבַּחוּץ, \nוּבַעֲזָרוֹת בּוֹנִים מִבִּפְנִים. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nשָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁמַּקְרִיבִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בַּיִת, \nוְאוֹכְלִין קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קְלָעִים, \nקָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין חוֹמָה. \nשֶׁקְּדֻשָּׁה רִאשׁוֹנָה קִדְּשָׁה לְשַׁעְתָהּ, \nוְקִדְּשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. \n",
+ "ז\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי, \nשֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ, וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ, \nהֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, \nשֶׁאֵין אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא \nלְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב, \nאֶלָּא לְרַחֵק אֶת הַמְקֹרָבִין בִּזְרוֹעַ, \nוּלְקָרֵב הַמְרׁחָקִין בִּזְרוֹעַ. \nמִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית צְרִיפָה הָיְתָה בְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, \nוְרִחֲקָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ, \nוְעוֹד אַחֶרֶת הָיְתָה שָּׁם, \nוְקֵרְבָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ. \nכְּגוֹן אֵלּוּ אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא \nלְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלְקָרֵב, אֲבָל לֹא לְרַחֵק. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nלְהַשְׁווֹת אֶת הַמַּחְלְקוֹת. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלֹא לְרַחֵק וְלֹא לְקָרֵב, \nאֶלָּא לַעֲשׁוֹת שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (מלאכי ג,כג-כד) \n\"הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא, \nלִפְנֵי בּוֹא יוֹם יי הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא.\nוְהֵשִׁיב לֵב אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים,\nוְלֵב בָּנִים עַל אֲבוֹתָם\". \n\nחסל עדיות \n\n\n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b1451d849795be5777b7d3a71a3dd052db78f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "שמאי אומר כל הנשים דיין שעתן. והלל אומר מפקידה לפקידה. אפילו לימים הרבה. וחכמים אומרים לא כדברי זה ולא כדברי זה. אלא מעת לעת ממעטת על יד מפקידה לפקידה. ומפקידה לפקידה ממעטת על יד מעת לעת. כל אשה שיש לה וסת. דיה שעתה. המשמשת בעדים הרי זו כפקידה. ממעטת על יד מעת לעת ועל יד מפקידה לפקידה: ",
+ "שמאי אומר מקב לחלה. והלל אומר מקביים. וחכמים אומרים לא כדברי זה. ולא כדברי זה. אלא קב ומחצה חייבים בחלה. ומשהגדילו המדות. אמרו חמשת רבעים חייבין. רבי יוסי אומר חמשה פטורין. חמשה ועוד חייבין: ",
+ "הלל אומר מלא הין מים שאובין. פוסלין המקוה אלא שאדם חייב לומר בלשון רבו. ושמאי אומר תשעה קבין. וחכמים אומרים לא כדברי זה. ולא כדברי זה אלא עד שבאו שני גרדיים משער האשפות שבירושלים והעידו משום שמעיה ואבטליון שלשת לוגין מים שאובין פוסלין את המקוה וקיימו חכמים את דבריהם: ",
+ "ולמה מזכירין את דברי שמאי והלל לבטלה ללמד לדורות הבאים שלא יהא אדם עומד על דבריו. שהרי אבות העולם לא עמדו על דבריהם: ",
+ "ולמה מזכירין דברי היחיד בין המרובין. הואיל ואין הלכה אלא כדברי המרובין. שאם יראה בית דין את דברי היחיד ויסמוך עליו. שאין בית דין יכול לבטל דברי בית דין חברו עד שיהיה גדול ממנו בחכמה ובמנין. היה גדול ממנו בחכמה. אבל לא במנין. במנין. אבל לא בחכמה. אינו יכול לבטל דבריו. עד שיהיה גדול ממנו בחכמה ובמנין: ",
+ "אמר רבי יהודה אם כן למה מזכירין דברי היחיד בין המרובין לבטלה שאם יאמר האדם כך אני מקובל. יאמר לו כדברי איש פלוני שמעת: ",
+ "בית שמאי אומרים רובע עצמות מן העצמים. בין משנים בין משלשה. ובית הלל אומרים רובע עצמות מן הגויה. מרוב הבנין. או מרוב המנין. שמאי אומר אפילו מעצם אחד: ",
+ "כרשיני תרומה. בית שמאי אומרים שורין ושפין בטהרה ומאכילין בטומאה. בית הלל אומרים שורין בטהרה. ושפין ומאכילין בטומאה. שמאי אומר יאכלו צריד. רבי עקיבא אומר כל מעשיהם בטומאה: ",
+ "הפורט סלע ממעות מעשר שני. בית שמאי אומרים בכל הסלע מעות. ובית הלל אומרים בשקל כסף. ובשקל מעות. רבי מאיר אומר אין מחללין כסף ופירות. על הכסף. וחכמים מתירין. ",
+ "הפורט סלע של מעשר שני בירושלם. בית שמאי אומרים בכל הסלע מעות. ובית הלל אומרים בשקל כסף. ובשקל מעות. הדנים לפני חכמים אומרים בשלשה דינרים כסף ובדינר מעות. רבי עקיבא אומר בשלשה דינרים כסף וברביעית כסף ברביעית מעות ורבי טרפון אומר ארבעה אספרי כסף שמאי אומר יניחנה בחנות ויאכל כנגדה: ",
+ "כסא של כלה שנטלו חפויו. בית שמאי מטמאין. ובית הלל מטהרין. שמאי אומר אף מלבן של כסא טמא. כסא שקבעו בעריבה בית שמאי מטמאין ובית הלל מטהרין שמאי אומר אף העשוי בה. ",
+ "אלו דברים שחזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי. האשה שבאה ממדינת הים. ואמרה מת בעלי. תינשא. מת בעלי תתיבם. ובית הלל אומרים לא שמענו אלא בבאה מן הקציר בלבד. אמרו להם בית שמאי אחת הבאה מן הקציר. ואחת הבאה מן הזיתים. ואחת הבאה ממדינת הים. לא דברו בקציר אלא בהווה. חזרו בית הלל להורות כבית שמאי. בית שמאי אומרים תינשא ותטול כתובתה. ובית הלל אומרים תינשא ולא תטול כתובתה. אמרו להם בית שמאי התרתם את הערוה החמורה לא תתירו את הממון הקל. אמרו להם בית הלל מצינו שאין האחים נכנסין לנחלה על פיה אמרו להם בית שמאי והלא מספר כתובתה נלמוד שהוא כותב לה. שאם תינשאי לאחר תטלי מה שכתוב ליך, חזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי: ",
+ "מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין. עובד את רבו יום אחד. ואת עצמו יום אחד. דברי בית הלל. אמרו להם בית שמאי תקנתם את רבו ואת עצמו לא תקנתם. לישא שפחה אינו יכול. בת חורין אינו יכול ליבטל והלא לא נברא העולם. אלא לפריה ורביה. שנאמר (ישעיה מה, יח) לא תהו בראה. לשבת יצרה. אלא מפני תקון העולם. כופין את רבו ועושה אותו בן חורין וכותב שטר על חצי דמיו. חזרו בית הלל להורות כבית שמאי: ",
+ "כלי חרס מציל על הכל כדברי בית הלל. ובית שמאי אומרים אינו מציל אלא על האוכלין. ועל המשקין. ועל כלי חרס. אמרו להם בית הלל מפני מה. אמרו להם בית שמאי מפני שהוא טמא על גב עם הארץ ואין כלי טמא חוצץ. אמרו להם בית הלל והלא טהרתם אוכלים ומשקין שבתוכו. אמרו להם בית שמאי כשטהרנו אוכלים ומשקין שבתוכו. לעצמו טהרנו. אבל כשטהרת את הכלי טהרת לך ולו. חזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי חנינא סגן הכהנים העיד ארבעה דברים. מימיהם של כהנים לא נמנעו מלשרוף את הבשר שנטמא בולד הטומאה. עם הבשר שנטמא באב הטומאה. אף על פי שמוסיפין טומאה על טומאתו. הוסיף רבי עקיבא מימיהם של כהנים. לא נמנעו מלהדליק את השמן שנפסל בטבול יום. בנר שנטמא בטמא מת. אף על פי שמוסיפין טומאה על טומאתו: ",
+ "אמר רבי חנינא סגן הכהנים מימי לא ראיתי עור יוצא לבית השרפה. אמר רבי עקיבא מדבריו למדנו שהמפשיט את הבכור ונמצא טרפה. שיאותו הכהנים בעורו. וחכמים אומרים לא ראינו אינו ראיה אלא יוצא לבית השרפה: ",
+ "אף הוא העיד על כפר קטן שהיה בצד ירושלם. והיה בו זקן אחד והיה מלוה לכל בני הכפר. וכותב בכתב ידו ואחרים חותמים ובא מעשה לפני חכמים והתירו. לפי דרכך אתה למד שהאשה כותבת את גיטה. והאיש כותב את שוברו שאין קיום הגט אלא בחותמיו ועל מחט שנמצאת בבשר שהסכין. והידים טהורות. והבשר טמא. ואם נמצאת בפרש. הכל טהור: ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמר רבי ישמעאל לפני חכמים בכרם ביבנה. על ביצה טרופה. שהיא נתונה על גבי ירק של תרומה. שהיא חבור. ואם היתה כמין כובע. אינה חבור. ועל שבולת שבקציר. וראשה מגעת לקמה. אם נקצרה עם הקמה הרי היא של בעל הבית. ואם לאו. הרי היא של עניים. ועל גנה קטנה שהיא מוקפת עריס. אם יש בה כמלא בוצר וסלו מכאן. ומלא בוצר וסלו מכאן. תזרע. ואם לאו. לא תזרע: ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמרו לפני רבי ישמעאל ולא אמר בהם לא איסור והיתר. ופירשן רבי יהושע בן מתיא. המפיס מורסא בשבת. אם לעשות לה פה חייב. ואם להוציא ממנו לחה פטור. ועל הצד נחש בשבת. אם מתעסק שלא ישכנו פטור. ואם לרפואה. חייב. ועל לפסין אירוניות שהם טהורות באהל המת. וטמאות במשא הזב. רבי אלעזר בן צדוק אומר אף במשא הזב טהורות. מפני שלא נגמרה מלאכתן: ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמר רבי ישמעאל. ולא הודה לו רבי עקיבא. השום והבוסר. והמלילות. שריסקן מבעוד יום שרבי ישמעאל אומר יגמור משתחשך. ורבי עקיבא אומר לא יגמור. ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמרו לפני רבי עקיבא. שנים משום רבי אליעזר. ואחד משום רבי יהושע. שנים משום רבי אליעזר. יוצאת אשה בעיר של זהב. ומפריחי יונים פסולים לעדות. ואחד משום רבי יהושע. השרץ בפי חולדה. ומהלכת על גבי ככרות של תרומה. ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספקו טהור: ",
+ "שלשה דברים אמר רבי עקיבא. על שנים הודו לו. ועל אחד לא הודו לו. על סנדל של סיידים. שהוא טמא מדרס. ועל שירי תנור ארבעה. שהיו אומרים שלשה. והודו לו. ועל אחד לא הודו לו. על כסא שנטלו שנים מחפוייו זה בצד זה. שרבי עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין: ",
+ "הוא היה אומר האב זוכה לבן. בנוי. ובכח. ובעושר. ובחכמה. ובשנים. ובמספר הדורות לפניו. והוא הקץ. שנאמר (ישעיה מא, ד) קורא הדורות מראש. אף על פי שנאמר (בראשית טו, יג) ועבדום וענו אותם ארבע מאות שנה. ונאמר (בראשית טו, טז) ודור רביעי ישובו הנה: ",
+ "אף הוא היה אומר חמשה דברים של שנים עשר חדש. משפט דור המבול שנים עשר חדש. משפט איוב שנים עשר חדש. משפט המצריים שנים עשר חדש. משפט גוג ומגוג לעתיד לבא שנים עשר חדש. משפט רשעים בגיהנם שנים עשר חדש. שנאמר (ישעיה סו, כג) והיה מדי חדש בחדשו. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר מן הפסח ועד העצרת. שנאמר ומדי שבת בשבתו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל המטמאין באהל. שנחלקו והכניסן לתוך הבית. רבי דוסא בן הרכינס מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין. כיצד. הנוגע בכשני חצאי זיתים מן הנבילה. או נושאן. ובמת הנוגע בכחצי זית ומאהיל על כחצי זית. או נוגע בכחצי זית וכחצי זית מאהיל עליו. ומאהיל על כשני חצאי זיתים. מאהיל על כחצי זית. וכחצי זית מאהיל עליו. רבי דוסא בן הרכינס מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין. אבל הנוגע בכחצי זית. ודבר אחר מאהיל עליו. ועל כחצי זית או מאהיל על כחצי זית ודבר אחר מאהיל עליו. ועל כחצי זית טהור. אמר רבי מאיר אף בזה רבי דוסא מטהר וחכמים מטמאין. הכל טמא חוץ מן המגע עם המשא. והמשא עם האהל. זה הכלל כל שהוא משם אחד טמא. משני שמות טהור: ",
+ "אוכל פרוד אינו מצטרף. דברי רבי דוסא בן הרכינס. וחכמים אומרים מצטרף. מחללין מעשר שני על אסימון דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים אין מחללין. מטבילין ידים לחטאת דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים אם נטמאו ידיו נטמא גופו: ",
+ "מעי אבטיח וקניבת ירק של תרומה. רבי דוסא מתיר לזרים. וחכמים אוסרין. חמש רחלות גזוזות מנה מנה ופרס חייבות בראשית הגז. דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים חמש רחלות כל שהן: ",
+ "כל החוצלות טמאות טמא מת דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים מדרס. כל הקליעות טהורות חוץ משל גלגילון דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים כולם טמאות. חוץ משל צמרים: ",
+ "הקלע שבית קבול שלה ארוג טמאה. ושל עור. רבי דוסא בן הרכינס מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין. נפסק בית אצבע שלה טהורה. בית הפקיע שלה טמאה: ",
+ "השבויה אוכלת בתרומה דברי רבי דוסא. וחכמים אומרים יש שבויה אוכלת. ויש שבויה שאינה אוכלת. כיצד. האשה שאמרה נשביתי וטהורה אני. אוכלת. שהפה שאסר הוא הפה שהתיר. ואם יש עדים שנשבית והיא אומרת טהורה אני. אינה אוכלת: ",
+ "ארבעה ספיקות. רבי יהושע מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. כיצד הטמא עומד. וטהור עובר. הטהור עומד. והטמא עובר. טומאה ברשות היחיד וטהרה ברשות הרבים. טהרה ברשות היחיד וטומאה ברשות הרבים. ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספק האהיל ספק לא האהיל ספק הסיט ספק לא הסיט. רבי יהושע מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין: ",
+ "שלשה דברים רבי צדוק מטמא וחכמים מטהרין. מסמר השולחני. וארון של גרוסות. ומסמר של אבן שעות. רבי צדוק מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. ",
+ "ארבעה דברים רבן גמליאל מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. כסוי טני של מתכות. של בעלי בתים. ותלוי המגרדות. וגולמי כלי מתכות. וטבלא שנחלקה לשנים. ומודים חכמים לרבן גמליאל בטבלא שנחלקה לשנים אחד גדול ואחד קטן. הגדול טמא והקטן טהור: ",
+ "שלשה דברים רבן גמליאל מחמיר כדברי בית שמאי. אין טומנין את החמין מיום טוב לשבת. ואין זוקפין את המנורה ביום טוב. ואין אופין פתין גריצין אלא רקיקין. אמר רבן גמליאל מימיהן של בית אבא לא היו אופין פתין גריצין אלא רקיקין. אמרו לו ומה נעשה לבית אביך. שהיו מחמירין על עצמן. ומקילין על ישראל להיות אופין פתין גריצין וחרי: ",
+ "אף הוא אמר שלשה דברים להקל. מכבדין בין המטות. ומניחין את המוגמר ביום טוב. ועושים גדי מקולס בלילי פסחים וחכמים אוסרים: ",
+ "שלשה דברים רבי אלעזר בן עזריה מתיר. וחכמים אוסרין. פרתו יוצאה ברצועה שבין קרניה. ומקרדין את הבהמה ביום טוב. ושוחקין את הפלפלין ברחים שלהן. רבי יהודה אומר אין מקרדין את הבהמה ביום טוב. מפני שהוא עושה חבורה. אבל מקרצפין. וחכמים אומרים אין מקרדין. אף לא מקרצפין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "אלו דברים מקולי בית שמאי. ומחומרי בית הלל. ביצה שנולדה ביום טוב. בית שמאי אומרים תאכל. ובית הלל אומרים לא תאכל. בית שמאי אומרים שאור בכזית. וחמץ בככותבת. ובית הלל אומרים זה וזה בכזית: ",
+ "בהמה שנולדה ביום טוב. הכל מודים שהיא מותרת. ואפרוח שיצא מן הביצה. הכל מודים שהוא אסור. השוחט חיה ועוף ביום טוב. בית שמאי אומרים יחפור בדקר ויכסה. ובית הלל אומרים לא ישחוט אלא אם כן היה לו עפר מוכן. ומודים שאם שחט שיחפור בדקר ויכסה. שאפר כירה מוכן הוא: ",
+ "בית שמאי אומרים הבקר לעניים הבקר. ובית הלל אומרים אינו הבקר. עד שיובקר אף לעשירים. כשמטה. כל עומרי השדה של קב קב ואחד של ארבעה קבין. ושכחו. בית שמאי אומרים אינו שכחה. ובית הלל אומרים שכחה: ",
+ "העומר שהוא סמוך לגפה. ולגדיש. ולבקר. ולכלים. ושכחו. בית שמאי אומרים אינו שכחה. ובית הלל אומרים שכחה: ",
+ "כרם רבעי. בית שמאי אומרים אין לו חומש. ואין לו ביעור. ובית הלל אומרים יש לו חומש ויש לו ביעור. בית שמאי אומרים יש לו פרט. ויש לו עוללות. והעניים פודים לעצמן. ובית הלל אומרים כולו לגת: ",
+ "חבית של זיתים מגולגלים. בית שמאי אומרים אינו צריך לנקב. ובית הלל אומרים צריך לנקב. ומודים שאם נקבה וסתמוה שמרים שהיא טהורה. הסך בשמן טהור ונטמא. ירד וטבל. בית שמאי אומרים אף על פי שהוא מנטף. טהור. ובית הלל אומרים כדי סיכת אבר קטן. ואם היה שמן טמא מתחלתו. בית שמאי אומרים כדי סיכת אבר קטן. ובית הלל אומרים משקה טופח. רבי יהודה אומר משום בית הלל טופח ומטפיח. ",
+ "האשה מתקדשת בדינר ובשוה דינר כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים בפרוטה. ובשוה פרוטה. וכמה היא פרוטה. אחד משמנה באיסר האיטלקי. בית שמאי אומרים פוטר הוא את אשתו בגט ישן. ובית הלל אוסרין. איזהו גט ישן. כל שנתייחד עמה אחר שכתבו לה. המגרש את אשתו ולנה עמו בפונדקי. בית שמאי אומרים אינה צריכה ממנו גט שני. ובית הלל אומרים צריכה ממנו גט שני. אימתי בזמן שנתגרשה מן הנשואין. אבל אם נתגרשה מן האירוסין. אינה צריכה ממנו גט שני. מפני שאין לבו גס בה: ",
+ "בית שמאי מתירין את הצרות לאחים. ובית הלל אוסרין. חלצו. בית שמאי פוסלין מן הכהונה ובית הלל מכשירין. נתיבמו. בית שמאי מכשירין ובית הלל פוסלין ואף על פי שאלו פוסלין ואלו מכשירין. לא נמנעו בית שמאי מלישא נשים מבית הלל. ולא בית הלל מלישא נשים מבית שמאי. וכל הטהרות והטמאות שהיו אלו מטהרין. ואלו מטמאין. לא נמנעו להיות עושים טהרות אלו על גב אלו: ",
+ "שלשה אחים. שנים מהם נשואים לשתי אחיות ואחד מופנה. מת אחד מבעלי אחיות ועשה בה מופנה מאמר. ואחר כך מת אחיו השני. בית שמאי אומרים אשתו עמו. והלה תצא משום אחות אשה. ובית הלל אומרים מוציא את אשתו בגט וחליצה. ואת אשת אחיו בחליצה. זו היא שאמרו אי לו על אשתו. ואי לו על אשת אחיו: ",
+ "המדיר את אשתו מתשמיש המטה. בית שמאי אומרים שתי שבתות. ובית הלל אומרים שבת אחת. המפלת לאור שמנים ואחד. בית שמאי פוטרין מן הקרבן. ובית הלל מחייבין. סדין בציצית. בית שמאי פוטרין. ובית הלל מחייבים. כלכלת השבת. בית שמאי פוטרין. ובית הלל מחייבין: ",
+ "מי שנדר נזירות מרובה. והשלים נזירותו. ואחר כך בא לארץ. בית שמאי אומרים נזיר שלשים יום. ובית הלל אומרים נזיר בתחלה. מי שהיו שתי כתי עדים מעידות אותו. אלו מעידים שנדר שתים. ואלו מעידים שנדר חמש. בית שמאי אומרים נחלקה העדות. ואין כאן נזירות ובית הלל אומרים יש בכלל חמש. שתים שיהיה נזיר שתים: ",
+ "אדם שהוא נתון תחת הסדק. בית שמאי אומרים אינו מביא את הטומאה. ובית הלל אומרים אדם חלול הוא. והצד העליון מביא את הטומאה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי יהודה אומר ששה דברים מקולי בית שמאי ומחומרי בית הלל. דם נבלות. בית שמאי מטהרין. ובית הלל מטמאין. ביצת הנבלה אם יש כיוצא בה נמכרת בשוק. מותרת. ואם לאו. אסורה. כדברי בית שמאי. בית הלל אוסרין. ומודים בביצת טרפה שהיא אסורה. מפני שגדילה באיסור. דם נכרית. ודם טהרה של מצורעת. בית שמאי מטהרין. ובית הלל אומרים כרוקה וכמימי רגליה. אוכלין פירות שביעית בטובה. ושלא בטובה. כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים אין אוכלים אלא בטובה. החמת. בית שמאי אומרים צרורה עומדת. ובית הלל אומרים אף על פי שאינה צרורה: ",
+ "רבי יוסי אומר ששה דברים מקולי בית שמאי. ומחומרי בית הלל העוף עולה עם הגבינה על השלחן. ואינו נאכל כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים אינו עולה. ואינו נאכל. תורמין זיתים על שמן וענבים על יין. כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים אין תורמין. הזורע ארבע אמות שבכרם. בית שמאי אומרים קידש שורה אחת. ובית הלל אומרים קידש שתי שורות. המעיסה בית שמאי פוטרין ובית הלל מחייבין. מטבילין בחרדלית כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים אין מטבילין. גר שנתגייר ערבי פסחים. בית שמאי אומרים טובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב. ובית הלל אומרים הפורש מן הערלה כפורש מן הקבר: ",
+ "רבי ישמעאל אומר שלשה דברים מקולי בית שמאי ומחומרי בית הלל. קהלת אינו מטמא את הידים כדברי בית שמאי. ובית הלל אומרים מטמא את הידים. מי חטאת שעשו מצותן. בית שמאי מטהרין. ובית הלל מטמאין. הקצח בית שמאי מטהרין ובית הלל מטמאין. וכן למעשרות: ",
+ "רבי אליעזר אומר שני דברים מקולי בית שמאי ומחומרי בית הלל. דם יולדת שלא טבלה. בית שמאי אומרים כרוקה וכמימי רגליה. ובית הלל אומרים מטמא לח ויבש. ומודים ביולדת בזוב שהוא מטמא לח ויבש: ",
+ "ארבעה אחים שנים מהם נשואין שתי אחיות. מתו הנשואים לאחיות. הרי אלו חולצות ולא מתיבמות. ואם קדמו וכנסו יוציאו. רבי אליעזר אומר משום בית שמאי יקיימו. ובית הלל אומרים יוציאו: ",
+ "עקביא בן מהללאל העיד ארבעה דברים. אמרו לו עקביא חזור בך בארבעה דברים שהיית אומר. ונעשך אב בית דין לישראל. אמר להן מוטב לי להקרא שוטה כל ימי. ולא ליעשות שעה אחת רשע לפני המקום. שלא יהיו אומרים בשביל שררה חזר בו. הוא היה מטמא שער הפקודה. ודם הירוק. וחכמים מטהרין. הוא היה מתיר שער בכור בעל מום שנשר והניחו בחלון. ואחר כך שחטו וחכמים אוסרים. הוא היה אומר אין משקין לא את הגיורת ולא את שפחה המשוחררת. וחכמים אומרים משקין. אמרו לו מעשה בכרכמית שפחה משוחררת שהיתה בירושלים והשקוה שמעיה ואבטליון. אמר להם דוגמא השקוה. ונדוהו ומת בנדויו וסקלו בית דין את ארונו. אמר רבי יהודה חס ושלום שעקביא נתנדה שאין עזרה ננעלת בפני כל אדם מישראל בחכמה וביראת חטא כעקביא בן מהללאל ואת מי נדו. אליעזר בן חנוך שפקפק בטהרת ידים וכשמת שלחו בית דין והניחו אבן על ארונו. מלמד שכל המתנדה. ומת בנדויו סוקלין את ארונו: ",
+ "בשעת מיתתו אמר לבנו. בני חזור בך בארבעה דברים שהייתי אומר. אמר לו ולמה לא חזרת בך. אמר לו אני שמעתי מפי המרובים. והם שמעו מפי המרובים. אני עמדתי בשמועתי. והם עמדו בשמועתן. אבל אתה שמעת מפי היחיד ומפי המרובין. מוטב להניח דברי היחיד. ולאחוז בדברי המרובין. אמר לו. אבא פקוד עלי לחבירך. אמר לו איני מפקיד. אמר לו שמא עילה מצאת בי. אמר ליה לאו. מעשיך יקרבוך ומעשיך ירחקוך: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי יהודה בן בבא העיד חמשה דברים. שממאנים את הקטנות. ושמשיאין את האשה על פי עד אחד. ושנסקל תרנגול בירושלים על שהרג את הנפש. ועל היין בן ארבעים יום שנתנסך על גב המזבח. ועל תמיד של שחר שקרב בארבע שעות: \n",
+ "העיד רבי יהושע ורבי נחוניא בן אלינתן איש כפר הבבלי. על אבר מן המת שהוא טמא. שרבי אליעזר אומר לא אמרו אלא על אבר מן החי. אמרו לו והלא קל וחומר ומה מן החי שהוא טהור. אבר הפורש ממנו טמא. המת שהוא טמא. אינו דין שיהיה אבר הפורש ממנו טמא. אמר להם לא אמרו אלא על אבר מן החי. דבר אחר מרובה טומאת החיים מטומאת המתים. שהחי עושה משכב ומושב מתחתיו לטמא אדם ולטמא בגדים. ועל גביו מדף לטמא אוכלים ומשקין. מה שאין המת מטמא: \n",
+ "כזית בשר הפורש מאבר מן החי. רבי אליעזר מטמא. ורבי יהושע ורבי נחוניא מטהרים. עצם כשעורה הפורש מאבר מן החי. רבי נחוניא מטמא. ורבי אליעזר ורבי יהושע מטהרין. אמרו לו לרבי אליעזר מה ראית לטמא כזית בשר הפורש מאבר מן החי. אמר להם מצינו אבר מן החי כמת שלם. מה המת כזית בשר הפורש ממנו טמא. אף אבר מן החי. כזית בשר הפורש ממנו יהיה טמא. אמרו לו לא אם טמאת כזית בשר הפורש מן המת. שכן טמאת עצם כשעורה הפורש ממנו. תטמא כזית בשר הפורש מאבר מן החי שכן טהרת עצם כשעורה הפורש הימנו. אמרו לו לרבי נחוניא. מה ראית לטמא עצם כשעורה הפורש מאבר מן החי. אמר להם מצינו אבר מן החי. כמת שלם. מה המת עצם כשעורה הפורש ממנו טמא. אף אבר מן החי. עצם כשעורה הפורש ממנו. יהיה טמא. אמרו לו. לא. אם טמאת עצם כשעורה הפורש מן המת. שכן טמאת כזית בשר הפורש ממנו. תטמא עצם כשעורה הפורש מאבר מן החי. שכן טהרת כזית בשר הפורש ממנו. אמרו לו לרבי אליעזר מה ראית לחלוק מדתיך. או טמא בשניהם או טהר בשניהם. אמר להם מרובה טומאת הבשר מטומאת העצמות שהבשר נוהג בנבילות ובשרצים. מה שאין כן בעצמות. דבר אחר. אבר שיש עליו בשר כראוי מטמא במגע. ובמשא. ובאהל. חסר הבשר. טמא. חסר העצם. טהור. אמרו לו לרבי נחוניא. מה ראית לחלוק מדותיך. או טמא בשניהם. או טהר בשניהם. אמר להם מרובה טומאת העצמות. מטומאת הבשר. שהבשר הפורש מן החי טהור. ואבר הפורש ממנו והוא כברייתו טמא. דבר אחר כזית בשר מטמא במגע. ובמשא. ובאהל. ורוב עצמות מטמאים במגע. ובמשא. ובאהל. חסר הבשר. טהור. חסר רוב עצמות. אף על פי שטהור מלטמא באהל. מטמא במגע ובמשא. דבר אחר כל בשר המת שהוא פחות מכזית. טהור. רוב בנינו ורוב מנינו של מת. אף על פי שאין בהם רובע. טמאין. אמרו לו לרבי יהושע מה ראית לטהר בשניהם. אמר להם לא אם אמרתם במת שיש בו רוב. ורובע. ורקב. תאמרו בחי שאין בו רוב. ורובע. ורקב: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "העיד רבי יהושע ורבי צדוק על פדיון פטר חמור שמת שאין בו לכהן כלום. שרבי אליעזר אומר חייבין באחריותן כחמש סלעים של בן. וחכמים אומרים אין חייבין באחריותן. אלא כפדיון של מעשר שני: ",
+ "העיד רבי צדוק על ציר חגבים טמאים שהוא טהור. שמשנה ראשונה חגבים טמאים שנכבשו עם חגבים טהורים. לא פסלו צירן: ",
+ "העיד רבי צדוק על זוחלין שרבו על הנוטפים שהם כשרים. מעשה היה בבירת הפליא. ובא מעשה לפני חכמים והכשירוהו: ",
+ "העיד רבי צדוק על זוחלין שקלחן בעלה אגוז. שהן כשרים. מעשה היה באהליא. ובא מעשה לפני לשכת הגזית. והכשירוהו: ",
+ "העיד רבי יהושע. ורבי יקים איש הדר. על קלל של חטאת שנתנו על גבי השרץ. שהוא טמא. שרבי אליעזר מטהר. העיד רבי פפייס על מי שנזר שתי נזירות. שאם גלח את הראשונה יום שלשים. שמגלח השניה יום ששים. ואם גילח יום ששים חסר אחד יצא. שיום שלשים עולה לו מן המנין: ",
+ "העיד רבי יהושע ורבי פפייס על ולד של שלמים. שיקרב שלמים. שרבי אליעזר אומר שולד שלמים לא יקרב שלמים. וחכמים אומרים יקרב. אמר רבי פפייס אני מעיד שהיתה לנו פרה זבחי שלמים ואכלנוה בפסח. ואכלנו ולדה שלמים בחג: ",
+ "הם העידו על ארוכות של נחתומים שהן טמאות. שרבי אליעזר מטהר. הם העידו על תנור שחתכו חוליות. ונתן חול בין חוליא לחוליא שהוא טמא. שרבי אליעזר מטהר. הם העידו שמעברין את השנה בכל אדר. שהיו אומרים עד הפורים. הם העידו שמעברים את השנה על תנאי. ומעשה ברבן גמליאל שהלך ליטול רשות מהגמון בסוריא. ושהה לבא ועברו את השנה על תנאי לכשירצה רבן גמליאל. וכשבא אמר רוצה אני ונמצאת השנה מעוברת: ",
+ "העיד מנחם בן סגנאי על מוסף היורה של שולקי זיתים שהוא טמא. ושל צבעים שהוא טהור. שהיו אומרים חלוף הדברים: ",
+ "העיד רבי נחוניא בן גודגדא על החרשת שהשיאה אביה שהיא יוצאה בגט. ועל קטנה בת ישראל שנשאת לכהן. שהיא אוכלת בתרומה. ואם מתה. בעלה יורשה. ועל המריש הגזול שבנאו בבירה שיתן את דמיו. ועל החטאת הגזולה שלא נודעה לרבים. שהיא מכפרת. מפני תיקון המזבח: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "העיד רבי יהושע בן בתירא על דם נבלות שהוא טהור. העיד רבי שמעון בן בתירא על אפר חטאת שנגע טמא במקצתו. שטימא את כולו. הוסיף רבי עקיבא על הסולת ועל הקטורת. והלבונה. והגחלים. שנגע טבול יום במקצתם. שפסל את כולם: ",
+ "העיד רבי יהודה בן בבא. ורבי יהודה הכהן. על קטנה בת ישראל שנשאת לכהן. שהיא אוכלת בתרומה כיון שנכנסה לחופה אף על פי שלא נבעלה. העיד רבי יוסי הכהן ורבי זכריה בן הקצב. על תינוקת שהורהנה באשקלון ורחקוה בני משפחתה ועדיה מעידים אותה שלא נסתרה ושלא נטמאה. אמרו להם חכמים אם מאמינים אתם שהורהנה. האמינו שלא נסתרה ושלא נטמאה. ואם אין אתם מאמינים שלא נסתרה ושלא נטמאה. אל תאמינו שהורהנה: ",
+ "העיד רבי יהושע ורבי יהודה בן בתירא על אלמנת עיסה. שהיא כשרה לכהונה. שהעיסה כשרה לטמא ולטהר. לרחק ולקרב. אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל קבלנו עדותכם אבל מה נעשה שגזר רבן יוחנן בן זכאי שלא להושיב בתי דינין על כך. הכהנים שומעים לכם לרחק אבל לא לקרב: ",
+ "העיד רבי יוסי בן יועזר איש צרידה. על איל קמצא. דכן. ועל משקה בית מטבחייא דאינון דכיין. ודיקרב במיתא מסתאב. וקרו ליה יוסי שריא: ",
+ "העיד רבי עקיבא משום נחמיה איש בית דלי. שמשיאים האשה על פי עד אחד. העיד רבי יהושע על עצמות שנמצאו בדיר העצים אמרו חכמים מלקט עצם עצם והכל טהור: ",
+ "אמר רבי אליעזר שמעתי כשהיו בונים בהיכל עושים קלעים להיכל. וקלעים לעזרות. אלא שבהיכל בונים מבחוץ ובעזרה בונים מבפנים. אמר רבי יהושע שמעתי שמקריבין אף על פי שאין בית. ואוכלים קדשי קדשים אף על פי שאין קלעים. קדשים קלים ומעשר שני אף על פי שאין חומה. שקדושה ראשונה קדשה לשעתה וקדשה לעתיד לבא: ",
+ "אמר רבי יהושע מקובל אני מרבן יוחנן בן זכאי ששמע מרבו ורבו מרבו. הלכה למשה מסיני. שאין אליהו בא לטמא ולטהר לרחק ולקרב אלא לרחק המקורבין בזרוע. ולקרב המרוחקין בזרוע. משפחת בית צריפה היתה בעבר הירדן ורחקה בן ציון בזרוע ועוד אחרת היתה שם. וקרבה בן ציון בזרוע כגון אלו אליהו בא לטמא ולטהר. לרחק ולקרב. רבי יהודה אומר לקרב. אבל לא לרחק רבי שמעון אומר להשוות המחלוקת. וחכמים אומרים לא לרחק. ולא לקרב. אלא לעשות שלום בעולם. שנאמר (מלאכי ג, כג) הנני שולח לכם את אליהו הנביא וגומר והשיב לב אבות על בנים ולב בנים על אבותם: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56c9de64732ec12bfaeb1bb7a84525ecedd15d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנָּשִׁים דַּיָּן שְׁעָתָן. וְהִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, אֲפִלּוּ לְיָמִים הַרְבֵּה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, וּמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ וֶסֶת, דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ. הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בְּעִדִּים, הֲרֵי זוֹ כִפְקִידָה, מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְעַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה: \n",
+ "שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, מִקַּב לְחַלָּה. וְהִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מִקַּבָּיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא קַב וּמֶחֱצָה חַיָּבִים בְּחַלָּה. וּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּילוּ הַמִּדּוֹת אָמְרוּ, חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים חַיָּבִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה, פְּטוּרִין. חֲמִשָּׁה וָעוֹד, חַיָּבִין: \n",
+ "הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מְלֹא הִין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָדָם חַיָּב לוֹמַר בִּלְשׁוֹן רַבּוֹ. וְשַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנֵי גַרְדִּיִּים מִשַּׁעַר הָאַשְׁפּוֹת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְהֵעִידוּ מִשּׁוּם שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן, שְׁלֹשֶׁת לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, וְקִיְּמוּ חֲכָמִים אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "וְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין אֶת דִּבְרֵי שַׁמַּאי וְהִלֵּל לְבַטָּלָה, לְלַמֵּד לַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא אָדָם עוֹמֵד עַל דְּבָרָיו, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֲבוֹת הָעוֹלָם לֹא עָמְדוּ עַל דִּבְרֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "וְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין, הוֹאִיל וְאֵין הֲלָכָה אֶלָּא כְדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין. שֶׁאִם יִרְאֶה בֵית דִּין אֶת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד וְיִסְמֹךְ עָלָיו, שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל דִּבְרֵי בֵית דִּין חֲבֵרוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה וּבְמִנְיָן. הָיָה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה אֲבָל לֹא בְמִנְיָן, בְּמִנְיָן אֲבָל לֹא בְחָכְמָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל דְּבָרָיו, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה וּבְמִנְיָן: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אִם כֵּן לָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין לְבַטָּלָה. שֶׁאִם יֹאמַר הָאָדָם כָּךְ אֲנִי מְקֻבָּל, יֵאָמֵר לוֹ, כְּדִבְרֵי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שָׁמָעְתָּ: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הָעֲצָמִים, בֵּין מִשְּׁנַיִם בֵּין מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הַגְּוִיָּה, מֵרֹב הַבִּנְיָן אוֹ מֵרֹב הַמִּנְיָן. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מֵעֶצֶם אֶחָד: \n",
+ "כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין וְשָׁפִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וְשָׁפִין וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יֵאָכְלוּ צָרִיד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בְּטֻמְאָה: \n",
+ "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע מִמְּעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין כֶּסֶף וּפֵרוֹת עַל הַכֶּסֶף. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין: \n",
+ "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. הַדָּנִים לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבְדִינָר מָעוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבִרְבִיעִית כֶּסֶף בִּרְבִיעִית מָעוֹת. וְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַרְבָּעָה אַסְפְּרֵי כָסֶף. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בַחֲנוּת וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּהּ: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָיו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּתְיַבֵּם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר בִּלְבָד. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, הִתַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָעֶרְוָה הַחֲמוּרָה, לֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת הַמָּמוֹן הַקָּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִין לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמֹד, שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, שֶׁאִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, תִּטְּלִי מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לִיךְ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶּן חוֹרִין, עוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, תִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. לִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. בַּת חוֹרִין, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. לִבָּטֵל, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לִפְרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מה), לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אֶלָּא, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "כְּלִי חֶרֶס מַצִּיל עַל הַכֹּל, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִין וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מִפְּנֵי מָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא עַל גַּב עַם הָאָרֶץ, וְאֵין כְּלִי טָמֵא חוֹצֵץ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, וַהֲלֹא טִהַרְתֶּם אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְנוּ אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, לְעַצְמוֹ טִהַרְנוּ. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְתָּ אֶת הַכְּלִי, טִהַרְתָּ לְךָ וָלוֹ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלִּשְׂרֹף אֶת הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה עִם הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַדְלִיק אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּפְסַל בִּטְבוּל יוֹם בְּנֵר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִטְמֵא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ: ",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים, מִיָּמַי לֹא רָאִיתִי עוֹר יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִדְּבָרָיו לָמַדְנוּ, שֶׁהַמַּפְשִׁיט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר וְנִמְצָא טְרֵפָה, שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּעוֹרוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא רָאִינוּ אֵינוֹ רְאָיָה, אֶלָּא יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה: ",
+ "אַף הוּא הֵעִיד עַל כְּפָר קָטָן שֶׁהָיָה בְצַד יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיָה בוֹ זָקֵן אֶחָד וְהָיָה מַלְוֶה לְכָל בְּנֵי הַכְּפָר וְכוֹתֵב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וַאֲחֵרִים חוֹתְמִים, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּ. לְפִי דַרְכְּךָ אַתָּה לָמֵד, שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה כּוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ וְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבְרוֹ, שֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתְמָיו. וְעַל מַחַט שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּבָּשָׂר, שֶׁהַסַּכִּין וְהַיָּדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת, וְהַבָּשָׂר טָמֵא. וְאִם נִמְצֵאת בַּפֶּרֶשׁ, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה. עַל בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵּי יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהִיא חִבּוּר. וְאִם הָיְתָה כְמִין כּוֹבַע, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. וְעַל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁבַּקָּצִיר וְרֹאשָׁהּ מַגִּיעַ לַקָּמָה, אִם נִקְצְרָה עִם הַקָּמָה, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים. וְעַל גִּנָּה קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת עָרִיס, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כִּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן וּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן, תִּזָּרֵעַ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא תִזָּרֵעַ: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְלֹא אָמַר בָּהֶם לֹא אִסּוּר וְהֶתֵּר, וּפֵרְשָׁן רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן מַתְיָא. הַמֵּפִיס מֻרְסָא בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהּ פֶּה, חַיָּב, וְאִם לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה לֵחָה, פָּטוּר. וְעַל הַצָּד נָחָשׁ בַּשַּׁבָּת, אִם מִתְעַסֵּק שֶׁלֹּא יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לִרְפוּאָה, חַיָּב. וְעַל לְפָסִין אִירוֹנִיּוֹת, שֶׁהֵם טְהוֹרוֹת בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת וּטְמֵאוֹת בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב, טְהוֹרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְלֹא הוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הַשּׁוּם וְהַבֹּסֶר וְהַמְּלִילוֹת שֶׁרִסְּקָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, שֶׁרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ, וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, יוֹצֵאת אִשָּׁה בְעִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים פְּסוּלִים לְעֵדוּת. וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּפִי חֻלְדָּה וּמְהַלֶּכֶת עַל גַּבֵּי כִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, עַל שְׁנַיִם הוֹדוּ לוֹ וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ. עַל סַנְדָּל שֶׁל סַיָּדִים, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְעַל שְׁיָרֵי תַנּוּר אַרְבָּעָה, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים שְׁלֹשָׁה. וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, עַל כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָיו זֶה בְּצַד זֶה, שֶׁרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: ",
+ "הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, הָאָב זוֹכֶה לַבֵּן, בַּנּוֹי, וּבַכֹּחַ, וּבָעֹשֶׁר, וּבַחָכְמָה, וּבַשָּׁנִים, וּבְמִסְפַּר הַדּוֹרוֹת לְפָנָיו, וְהוּא הַקֵּץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מא) קֹרֵא הַדֹּרוֹת מֵרֹאשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית טו), וַעֲבָדוּם וְעִנּוּ אֹתָם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה, וְנֶאֱמַר (שם), וְדוֹר רְבִיעִי יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּה: ",
+ "אַף הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט אִיּוֹב, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט הַמִּצְרִיִּים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט רְשָׁעִים בְּגֵיהִנֹּם, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה סו), וְהָיָה מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, מִן הַפֶּסַח וְעַד הָעֲצֶרֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַמְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ, וְהִכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. כֵּיצַד. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכִשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים מִן הַנְּבֵלָה אוֹ נוֹשְׂאָן, וּבַמֵּת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת אוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים, מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, אוֹ מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, טָהוֹר. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף בָּזֶה רַבִּי דוֹסָא מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. הַכֹּל טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַמַּגָּע עִם הַמַּשָּׂא, וְהַמַּשָּׂא עִם הָאֹהֶל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "אֹכֶל פָּרוּד, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִצְטָרֵף. מְחַלְּלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל אֲסִימוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין. מַטְבִּילִין יָדַיִם לַחַטָּאת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִם נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו, נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ: \n",
+ "מְעֵי אֲבַטִּיחַ וּקְנִיבַת יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי דוֹסָא מַתִּיר לְזָרִים, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת גְּזוּזוֹת מָנֶה מָנֶה וּפְרַס, חַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "כָּל הַחוֹצָלוֹת טְמֵאוֹת טְמֵא מֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. כָּל הַקְּלִיעוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל גַּלְגִּילוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלָּם טְמֵאוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל צַמָּרִים: \n",
+ "הַקֶּלַע שֶׁבֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁלָּהּ אָרוּג, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל עוֹר, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. נִפְסַק בֵּית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. בֵּית הַפָּקִיעַ שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "הַשְּׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת וְיֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת. כֵּיצַד. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אוֹכֶלֶת, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה סְפֵקוֹת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כֵּיצַד. הַטָּמֵא עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּהוֹר עוֹבֵר, הַטָּהוֹר עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּמֵא עוֹבֵר, טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סָפֵק הֶאֱהִיל סָפֵק לֹא הֶאֱהִיל, סָפֵק הֵסִיט סָפֵק לֹא הֵסִיט, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מַסְמֵר הַשֻּׁלְחָנִי, וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, וּמַסְמֵר שֶׁל אֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַחְמִיר כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. אֵין טוֹמְנִין אֶת הַחַמִּין מִיּוֹם טוֹב לְשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין זוֹקְפִין אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מִימֵיהֶן שֶׁל בֵּית אַבָּא לֹא הָיוּ אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה לְבֵית אָבִיךָ שֶׁהָיוּ מַחְמִירִין עַל עַצְמָן וּמְקִלִּין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל לִהְיוֹת אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין וָחֹרִי: \n",
+ "אַף הוּא אָמַר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים לְהָקֵל. מְכַבְּדִין בֵּין הַמִּטּוֹת, וּמְנִיחִין אֶת הַמֻּגְמָר בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְעוֹשִׂים גְּדִי מְקֻלָּס בְּלֵילֵי פְסָחִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. פָּרָתוֹ יוֹצְאָה בִרְצוּעָה שֶׁבֵּין קַרְנֶיהָ, וּמְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְשׁוֹחֲקִין אֶת הַפִּלְפְּלִין בָּרֵחַיִם שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה, אֲבָל מְקַרְצְפִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אַף לֹא מְקַרְצְפִין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. בֵּיצָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תֵּאָכֵל. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא תֵאָכֵל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׂאֹר בְּכַזַּיִת וְחָמֵץ בְּכַכּוֹתֶבֶת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה בְּכַזָּיִת: \n",
+ "בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאֶפְרוֹחַ שֶׁיָּצָא מִן הַבֵּיצָה, הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר. הַשּׁוֹחֵט חַיָּה וָעוֹף בְּיוֹם טוֹב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחְפֹּר בַּדֶּקֶר וִיכַסֶּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִשְׁחֹט אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ עָפָר מוּכָן. וּמוֹדִים שֶׁאִם שָׁחַט, שֶׁיַּחְפֹּר בַּדֶּקֶר וִיכַסֶּה. שֶׁאֵפֶר כִּירָה מוּכָן הוּא: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶבְקֵר לָעֲנִיִּים, הֶבְקֵר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ הֶבְקֵר, עַד שֶׁיֻּבְקַר אַף לָעֲשִׁירִים כַּשְּׁמִטָּה. כָּל עָמְרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁל קַב קַב, וְאֶחָד שֶׁל אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה: \n",
+ "הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַגַּפָּה וְלַגָּדִישׁ וְלַבָּקָר וְלַכֵּלִים, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה: \n",
+ "כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְיֶשׁ לוֹ בִעוּר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֶשׁ לוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, וְהָעֲנִיִּים פּוֹדִים לְעַצְמָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלּוֹ לַגָּת: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁל זֵיתִים מְגֻלְגָּלִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב. וּמוֹדִים, שֶׁאִם נִקְּבָהּ וּסְתָמוּהָ שְׁמָרִים, שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה. הַסָּךְ בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר וְנִטְמָא, יָרַד וְטָבַל, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְנַטֵּף, טָהוֹר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן. וְאִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן טָמֵא מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם בֵּית הִלֵּל, טוֹפֵחַ וּמַטְפִּיחַ: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בְּדִינָר וּבְשָׁוֶה דִינָר, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בִּפְרוּטָה וּבְשָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה. וְכַמָּה הִיא פְרוּטָה, אֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה בְאִסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹטֵר הוּא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. אֵיזֶהוּ גֵט יָשָׁן. כָּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ אַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ. הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בְפֻנְדְּקִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין. אֲבָל אִם נִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַתִּירִין אֶת הַצָּרוֹת לָאַחִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. חָלְצוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. נִתְיַבְּמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַכְשִׁירִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית הִלֵּל, וְלֹא בֵית הִלֵּל מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית שַׁמָּאי. וְכָל הַטָּהֳרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ לִהְיוֹת עוֹשִׂים טָהֳרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּב אֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת וְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת וְעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְהַלָּה תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְּגֵט וַחֲלִיצָה, וְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו: \n",
+ "הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִתַּשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת. הַמַּפֶּלֶת לְאוֹר שְׁמֹנִים וְאֶחָד, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין מִן הַקָּרְבָּן, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. סָדִין בְּצִיצִית, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִים. כַּלְכָּלַת הַשַּׁבָּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּדַר נְזִירוּת מְרֻבָּה וְהִשְׁלִים נְזִירוּתוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא לָאָרֶץ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר בַּתְּחִלָּה. מִי שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים מְעִידוֹת אוֹתוֹ, אֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּדַר שְׁתַּיִם וְאֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּדַר חָמֵשׁ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נֶחְלְקָה הָעֵדוּת וְאֵין כָּאן נְזִירוּת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ בִּכְלָל חָמֵשׁ שְׁתַּיִם, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נָזִיר שְׁתָּיִם: \n",
+ "אָדָם שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן תַּחַת הַסֶּדֶק, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אָדָם חָלוּל הוּא, וְהַצַּד הָעֶלְיוֹן מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. דַּם נְבֵלוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. בֵּיצַת הַנְּבֵלָה, אִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ נִמְכֶּרֶת בַּשּׁוּק, מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרָה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. וּמוֹדִים בְּבֵיצַת טְרֵפָה שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁגָּדְלָה בְאִסּוּר. דַּם נָכְרִית וְדַם טָהֳרָה שֶׁל מְצֹרַעַת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּרֻקָּהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִים אֶלָּא בְטוֹבָה. הַחֵמֶת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, צְרוּרָה עוֹמֶדֶת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרוּרָה: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. הָעוֹף עוֹלֶה עִם הַגְּבִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל. תּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִים עַל שֶׁמֶן, וַעֲנָבִים עַל יַיִן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין תּוֹרְמִין. הַזּוֹרֵעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שׁוּרָה אַחַת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. הַמְּעִיסָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. מַטְבִּילִין בְּחַרְדָּלִית, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין. גֵּר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר עַרְבֵי פְסָחִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ לָעֶרֶב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הָעָרְלָה, כְּפוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַקָּבֶר: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדָיִם. מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁעָשׂוּ מִצְוָתָן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. הַקֶּצַח, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. וְכֵן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת: \n",
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. דַּם יוֹלֶדֶת שֶׁלֹּא טָבְלָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כְּרֻקָּהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ. וּמוֹדִים בְּיוֹלֶדֶת בְּזוֹב שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, מֵתוּ הַנְּשׂוּאִים לַאֲחָיוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, יְקַיְּמוּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יוֹצִיאוּ: \n",
+ "עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, עֲקַבְיָא, חֲזֹר בְּךָ בְאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר וְנַעַשְׂךָ אַב בֵּית דִּין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמַר לָהֶן, מוּטָב לִי לְהִקָּרֵא שׁוֹטֶה כָּל יָמַי, וְלֹא לֵעָשׂוֹת שָׁעָה אַחַת רָשָׁע לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁבִיל שְׂרָרָה חָזַר בּוֹ. הוּא הָיָה מְטַמֵּא שְׂעַר הַפְּקֻדָּה וְדַם הַיָּרוֹק. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. הוּא הָיָה מַתִּיר שְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בְחַלּוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטוֹ, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַשְׁקִין לֹא אֶת הַגִּיֹּרֶת וְלֹא אֶת שִׁפְחָה הַמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַשְׁקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בְּכַרְכְּמִית, שִׁפְחָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהִשְׁקוּהָ שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן. אָמַר לָהֶם, דֻּגְמָא הִשְׁקוּהָ. וְנִדּוּהוּ, וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, וְסָקְלוּ בֵית דִּין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁעֲקַבְיָא נִתְנַדָּה, שֶׁאֵין עֲזָרָה נִנְעֶלֶת בִּפְנֵי כָל אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל בְּחָכְמָה וּבְיִרְאַת חֵטְא כַּעֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל. וְאֶת מִי נִדּוּ, אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן חֲנוֹךְ, שֶׁפִּקְפֵּק בְּטָהֳרַת יָדָיִם. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת, שָׁלְחוּ בֵית דִּין וְהִנִּיחוּ אֶבֶן עַל אֲרוֹנוֹ. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמִּתְנַדֶּה וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, סוֹקְלִין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ: \n",
+ "בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אָמַר לִבְנוֹ, בְּנִי, חֲזֹר בְּךָ בְאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר. אָמַר לוֹ, וְלָמָּה לֹא חָזַרְתָּ בָּךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּים, וְהֵם שָׁמְעוּ מִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּים. אֲנִי עָמַדְתִּי בִשְׁמוּעָתִי, וְהֵם עָמְדוּ בִשְׁמוּעָתָן. אֲבָל אַתָּה שָׁמַעְתָּ מִפִּי הַיָּחִיד, וּמִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּין. מוּטָב לְהַנִּיחַ דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד, וְלֶאֱחֹז בְּדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין. אָמַר לוֹ, אַבָּא, פְּקֹד עָלַי לַחֲבֵרֶיךָ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵינִי מַפְקִיד. אָמַר לוֹ, שֶׁמָּא עִילָה מָצָאתָ בִי. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְקָרְבוּךָ וּמַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְרַחֲקוּךָ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא הֵעִיד חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים. שֶׁמְּמָאֲנִים אֶת הַקְּטַנּוֹת, וְשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, וְשֶׁנִּסְקַל תַּרְנְגוֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עַל שֶׁהָרַג אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ, וְעַל הַיַּיִן בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם שֶׁנִּתְנַסֵּךְ עַל גַּב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְעַל תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר שֶׁקָּרַב בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶּן אֱלִינָתָן אִישׁ כְּפַר הַבַּבְלִי, עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא קַל וָחֹמֶר. וּמַה מִן הַחַי שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר, אֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, הַמֵּת שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַחַיִּים מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּתִים, שֶׁהַחַי עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִתַּחְתָּיו, לְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּלְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא: \n",
+ "כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַהֲרִים. עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֲרִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָצִינוּ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם. מַה הַמֵּת, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, אַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יִהְיֶה טָמֵא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא, אִם טִמֵּאתָ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, שֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, תְּטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, שֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ הֵימֶנּוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָצִינוּ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם. מַה הַמֵּת, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, אַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יִהְיֶה טָמֵא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא, אִם טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, שֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, תְּטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, שֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדּוֹתֶיךָ, אוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶם אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר מִטֻּמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת, שֶׁהַבָּשָׂר נוֹהֵג בַּנְּבֵלוֹת וּבַשְּׁרָצִים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בָּעֲצָמוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֵבֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר, טָמֵא. חָסֵר הָעֶצֶם, טָהוֹר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא, מָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדּוֹתֶיךָ, אוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶם אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת מִטֻּמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר, שֶּׁהַבָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַחַי טָהוֹר, וְאֵבָר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, וְהוּא כִבְרִיָּתוֹ, טָמֵא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל, וְרֹב עֲצָמוֹת מְטַמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר, טָהוֹר. חָסֵר רֹב עֲצָמוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהוֹר מִלְּטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כָּל בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא פָחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת, טָהוֹר. רֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ וְרֹב מִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם רֹבַע, טְמֵאִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא, אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֵּת, שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב, תֹּאמְרוּ בַחַי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר שֶׁמֵּת, שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן כְּחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן אֶלָּא כְפִדְיוֹן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל צִיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. שֶׁמִּשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבְּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִים טְהוֹרִים, לֹא פָסְלוּ צִירָן: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל זוֹחֲלִין שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל הַנּוֹטְפִים, שֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְּבִירַת הַפִּלְיָא, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִכְשִׁירוּהוּ: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל זוֹחֲלִין שֶׁקִּלְּחָן בַּעֲלֵה אֱגוֹז, שֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁרִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְאָהֳלְיָא, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי לִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית, וְהִכְשִׁירוּהוּ: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי יָקִים אִישׁ הֲדַר עַל קָלָל שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַשֶּׁרֶץ, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵעִיד רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירוּת, שֶׁאִם גִּלַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים, שֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִלַּח יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד, יָצָא, שֶׁיּוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים עוֹלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל וָלָד שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים, שֶׁיִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר שֶׁוְּלַד שְׁלָמִים לֹא יִקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְרָב. אָמַר רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס, אֲנִי מֵעִיד שֶׁהָיְתָה לָנוּ פָרָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, וַאֲכַלְנוּהָ בַפֶּסַח וְאָכַלְנוּ וְלָדָהּ שְׁלָמִים בֶּחָג: \n",
+ "הֵם הֵעִידוּ עַל אֲרוּכוֹת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים, שֶׁהֵן טְמֵאוֹת. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵם הֵעִידוּ עַל תַּנּוּר שֶׁחִתְּכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת וְנָתַן חֹל בֵּין חֻלְיָא לְחֻלְיָא, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵם הֵעִידוּ שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה בְּכָל אֲדָר. שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים עַד הַפּוּרִים. הֵם הֵעִידוּ שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִים אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל תְּנָאי. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁהָלַךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מֵהֶגְמוֹן בְּסוּרְיָא וְשָׁהָה לָבֹא, וְעִבְּרוּ אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל תְּנַאי לִכְשֶׁיִּרְצֶה רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וּכְשֶׁבָּא אָמַר רוֹצֶה אָנִי, וְנִמְצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה מְעֻבָּרֶת: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד מְנַחֵם בֶּן סִגְנַאי עַל מוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶן גֻּדְגְּדָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. וְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם מֵתָה, בַּעְלָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. וְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ בַבִּירָה, שֶׁיִּתֵּן אֶת דָּמָיו. וְעַל הַחַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לָרַבִּים, שֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל דַּם נְבֵלוֹת שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. הֵעִיד רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל אֵפֶר חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע טָמֵא בְמִקְצָתוֹ, שֶׁטִּמֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, עַל הַסֹּלֶת וְעַל הַקְּטֹרֶת וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַגֶּחָלִים שֶׁנָּגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָם, שֶׁפָּסַל אֶת כֻּלָּם: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַכֹּהֵן עַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעָלָה. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן וְרַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב עַל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה בְאַשְׁקְלוֹן, וְרִחֲקוּהָ בְנֵי מִשְׁפַּחְתָּהּ, וְעֵדֶיהָ מְעִידִים אוֹתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים, אִם מַאֲמִינִים אַתֶּם שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה, הַאֲמִינוּ, שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה. וְאִם אֵין אַתֶּם מַאֲמִינִים שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמְאָה, אַל תַּאֲמִינוּ שֶׁהֻרְהָנָה: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא עַל אַלְמָנַת עִסָּה, שֶׁהִיא כְשֵׁרָה לַכְּהֻנָּה, שֶׁהָעִסָּה כְשֵׁרָה לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, קִבַּלְנוּ עֵדוּתְכֶם, אֲבָל מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁגָּזַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹשִׁיב בָּתֵּי דִינִין עַל כָּךְ. הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְעִים לָכֶם לְרַחֵק, אֲבָל לֹא לְקָרֵב: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר, אִישׁ צְרֵדָה, עַל אַיִל קַמְצָא, דָּכָן. וְעַל מַשְׁקֵה בֵית מִטְבְּחַיָּא, דְּאִינּוּן דַּכְיָן. וּדְיִקְרַב בְּמִיתָא, מִסְתָּאָב. וְקָרוּ לֵיהּ, יוֹסֵי שָׁרְיָא: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִשּׁוּם נְחֶמְיָה, אִישׁ בֵּית דְּלִי, שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִים הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עַל עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְדִיר הָעֵצִים, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְלַקֵּט עֶצֶם עֶצֶם וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, שָׁמַעְתִּי, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ בוֹנִים בַּהֵיכָל, עוֹשִׂים קְלָעִים לַהֵיכָל וּקְלָעִים לָעֲזָרוֹת, אֶלָּא שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל בּוֹנִים מִבַּחוּץ, וּבָעֲזָרָה בּוֹנִים מִבִּפְנִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי, שֶׁמַּקְרִיבִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בַּיִת, וְאוֹכְלִים קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קְלָעִים, קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין חוֹמָה, שֶׁקְּדֻשָּׁה רִאשׁוֹנָה קִדְּשָׁה לִשְׁעָתָהּ וְקִדְּשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ, הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, שֶׁאֵין אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב, אֶלָּא לְרַחֵק הַמְקֹרָבִין בִּזְרוֹעַ וּלְקָרֵב הַמְרֻחָקִין בִּזְרוֹעַ. מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית צְרִיפָה הָיְתָה בְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְרִחֲקָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ, וְעוֹד אַחֶרֶת הָיְתָה שָׁם וְקֵרְבָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ. כְּגוֹן אֵלּוּ, אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְקָרֵב, אֲבָל לֹא לְרַחֵק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לְהַשְׁווֹת הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא לְרַחֵק וְלֹא לְקָרֵב, אֶלָּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג) הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא וְגוֹ' וְהֵשִׁיב לֵב אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים וְלֵב בָּנִים עַל אֲבוֹתָם: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..867323ccf3585c0c96baebdceb6f0dd28a6b599b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Eduyot/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Eduyot",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Eduyot",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנָּשִׁים דַּיָּן שְׁעָתָן. וְהִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, אֲפִלּוּ לְיָמִים הַרְבֵּה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא מֵעֵת לְעֵת מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה, וּמִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת. כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ וֶסֶת, דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ. הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בְּעִדִּים, הֲרֵי זוֹ כִפְקִידָה, מְמַעֶטֶת עַל יַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְעַל יַד מִפְּקִידָה לִפְקִידָה: \n",
+ "שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, מִקַּב לְחַלָּה. וְהִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מִקַּבָּיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא קַב וּמֶחֱצָה חַיָּבִים בְּחַלָּה. וּמִשֶּׁהִגְדִּילוּ הַמִּדּוֹת אָמְרוּ, חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים חַיָּבִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה, פְּטוּרִין. חֲמִשָּׁה וָעוֹד, חַיָּבִין: \n",
+ "הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מְלֹא הִין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָדָם חַיָּב לוֹמַר בִּלְשׁוֹן רַבּוֹ. וְשַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנֵי גַרְדִּיִּים מִשַּׁעַר הָאַשְׁפּוֹת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְהֵעִידוּ מִשּׁוּם שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן, שְׁלֹשֶׁת לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, וְקִיְּמוּ חֲכָמִים אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "וְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין אֶת דִּבְרֵי שַׁמַּאי וְהִלֵּל לְבַטָּלָה, לְלַמֵּד לַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא אָדָם עוֹמֵד עַל דְּבָרָיו, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֲבוֹת הָעוֹלָם לֹא עָמְדוּ עַל דִּבְרֵיהֶם: \n",
+ "וְלָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין, הוֹאִיל וְאֵין הֲלָכָה אֶלָּא כְדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין. שֶׁאִם יִרְאֶה בֵית דִּין אֶת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד וְיִסְמֹךְ עָלָיו, שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל דִּבְרֵי בֵית דִּין חֲבֵרוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה וּבְמִנְיָן. הָיָה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה אֲבָל לֹא בְמִנְיָן, בְּמִנְיָן אֲבָל לֹא בְחָכְמָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל דְּבָרָיו, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְחָכְמָה וּבְמִנְיָן: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אִם כֵּן לָמָּה מַזְכִּירִין דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד בֵּין הַמְרֻבִּין לְבַטָּלָה. שֶׁאִם יֹאמַר הָאָדָם כָּךְ אֲנִי מְקֻבָּל, יֵאָמֵר לוֹ, כְּדִבְרֵי אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שָׁמָעְתָּ: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הָעֲצָמִים, בֵּין מִשְּׁנַיִם בֵּין מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, רֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִן הַגְּוִיָּה, מֵרֹב הַבִּנְיָן אוֹ מֵרֹב הַמִּנְיָן. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מֵעֶצֶם אֶחָד: \n",
+ "כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין וְשָׁפִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וְשָׁפִין וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יֵאָכְלוּ צָרִיד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בְּטֻמְאָה: \n",
+ "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע מִמְּעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין כֶּסֶף וּפֵרוֹת עַל הַכֶּסֶף. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין: \n",
+ "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. הַדָּנִים לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבְדִינָר מָעוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבִרְבִיעִית כֶּסֶף בִּרְבִיעִית מָעוֹת. וְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַרְבָּעָה אַסְפְּרֵי כָסֶף. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בַחֲנוּת וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּהּ: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָיו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּתְיַבֵּם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר בִּלְבָד. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, הִתַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָעֶרְוָה הַחֲמוּרָה, לֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת הַמָּמוֹן הַקָּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִין לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמֹד, שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, שֶׁאִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, תִּטְּלִי מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לִיךְ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶּן חוֹרִין, עוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, תִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. לִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. בַּת חוֹרִין, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. לִבָּטֵל, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לִפְרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מה), לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אֶלָּא, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "כְּלִי חֶרֶס מַצִּיל עַל הַכֹּל, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִין וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מִפְּנֵי מָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא עַל גַּב עַם הָאָרֶץ, וְאֵין כְּלִי טָמֵא חוֹצֵץ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, וַהֲלֹא טִהַרְתֶּם אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְנוּ אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, לְעַצְמוֹ טִהַרְנוּ. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְתָּ אֶת הַכְּלִי, טִהַרְתָּ לְךָ וָלוֹ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלִּשְׂרֹף אֶת הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה עִם הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַדְלִיק אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּפְסַל בִּטְבוּל יוֹם בְּנֵר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִטְמֵא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ: ",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים, מִיָּמַי לֹא רָאִיתִי עוֹר יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִדְּבָרָיו לָמַדְנוּ, שֶׁהַמַּפְשִׁיט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר וְנִמְצָא טְרֵפָה, שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּעוֹרוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא רָאִינוּ אֵינוֹ רְאָיָה, אֶלָּא יוֹצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה: ",
+ "אַף הוּא הֵעִיד עַל כְּפָר קָטָן שֶׁהָיָה בְצַד יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיָה בוֹ זָקֵן אֶחָד וְהָיָה מַלְוֶה לְכָל בְּנֵי הַכְּפָר וְכוֹתֵב בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ וַאֲחֵרִים חוֹתְמִים, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִתִּירוּ. לְפִי דַרְכְּךָ אַתָּה לָמֵד, שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה כּוֹתֶבֶת אֶת גִּטָּהּ וְהָאִישׁ כּוֹתֵב אֶת שׁוֹבְרוֹ, שֶׁאֵין קִיּוּם הַגֵּט אֶלָּא בְחוֹתְמָיו. וְעַל מַחַט שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּבָּשָׂר, שֶׁהַסַּכִּין וְהַיָּדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת, וְהַבָּשָׂר טָמֵא. וְאִם נִמְצֵאת בַּפֶּרֶשׁ, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה. עַל בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵּי יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהִיא חִבּוּר. וְאִם הָיְתָה כְמִין כּוֹבַע, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. וְעַל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁבַּקָּצִיר וְרֹאשָׁהּ מַגִּיעַ לַקָּמָה, אִם נִקְצְרָה עִם הַקָּמָה, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים. וְעַל גִּנָּה קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת עָרִיס, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כִּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן וּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן, תִּזָּרֵעַ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא תִזָּרֵעַ: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְלֹא אָמַר בָּהֶם לֹא אִסּוּר וְהֶתֵּר, וּפֵרְשָׁן רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן מַתְיָא. הַמֵּפִיס מֻרְסָא בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהּ פֶּה, חַיָּב, וְאִם לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה לֵחָה, פָּטוּר. וְעַל הַצָּד נָחָשׁ בַּשַּׁבָּת, אִם מִתְעַסֵּק שֶׁלֹּא יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לִרְפוּאָה, חַיָּב. וְעַל לְפָסִין אִירוֹנִיּוֹת, שֶׁהֵם טְהוֹרוֹת בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת וּטְמֵאוֹת בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב, טְהוֹרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְלֹא הוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הַשּׁוּם וְהַבֹּסֶר וְהַמְּלִילוֹת שֶׁרִסְּקָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, שֶׁרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ, וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, יוֹצֵאת אִשָּׁה בְעִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים פְּסוּלִים לְעֵדוּת. וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּפִי חֻלְדָּה וּמְהַלֶּכֶת עַל גַּבֵּי כִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, עַל שְׁנַיִם הוֹדוּ לוֹ וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ. עַל סַנְדָּל שֶׁל סַיָּדִים, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְעַל שְׁיָרֵי תַנּוּר אַרְבָּעָה, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים שְׁלֹשָׁה. וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, עַל כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָיו זֶה בְּצַד זֶה, שֶׁרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: ",
+ "הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, הָאָב זוֹכֶה לַבֵּן, בַּנּוֹי, וּבַכֹּחַ, וּבָעֹשֶׁר, וּבַחָכְמָה, וּבַשָּׁנִים, וּבְמִסְפַּר הַדּוֹרוֹת לְפָנָיו, וְהוּא הַקֵּץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מא) קֹרֵא הַדֹּרוֹת מֵרֹאשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית טו), וַעֲבָדוּם וְעִנּוּ אֹתָם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה, וְנֶאֱמַר (שם), וְדוֹר רְבִיעִי יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּה: ",
+ "אַף הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט אִיּוֹב, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט הַמִּצְרִיִּים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט רְשָׁעִים בְּגֵיהִנֹּם, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה סו), וְהָיָה מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, מִן הַפֶּסַח וְעַד הָעֲצֶרֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַמְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ, וְהִכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. כֵּיצַד. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכִשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים מִן הַנְּבֵלָה אוֹ נוֹשְׂאָן, וּבַמֵּת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת אוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים, מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, אוֹ מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, טָהוֹר. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף בָּזֶה רַבִּי דוֹסָא מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. הַכֹּל טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַמַּגָּע עִם הַמַּשָּׂא, וְהַמַּשָּׂא עִם הָאֹהֶל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "אֹכֶל פָּרוּד, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִצְטָרֵף. מְחַלְּלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל אֲסִימוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין. מַטְבִּילִין יָדַיִם לַחַטָּאת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִם נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו, נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ: \n",
+ "מְעֵי אֲבַטִּיחַ וּקְנִיבַת יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי דוֹסָא מַתִּיר לְזָרִים, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת גְּזוּזוֹת מָנֶה מָנֶה וּפְרַס, חַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "כָּל הַחוֹצָלוֹת טְמֵאוֹת טְמֵא מֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. כָּל הַקְּלִיעוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל גַּלְגִּילוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלָּם טְמֵאוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל צַמָּרִים: \n",
+ "הַקֶּלַע שֶׁבֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁלָּהּ אָרוּג, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל עוֹר, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. נִפְסַק בֵּית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. בֵּית הַפָּקִיעַ שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "הַשְּׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת וְיֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת. כֵּיצַד. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אוֹכֶלֶת, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה סְפֵקוֹת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כֵּיצַד. הַטָּמֵא עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּהוֹר עוֹבֵר, הַטָּהוֹר עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּמֵא עוֹבֵר, טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סָפֵק הֶאֱהִיל סָפֵק לֹא הֶאֱהִיל, סָפֵק הֵסִיט סָפֵק לֹא הֵסִיט, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מַסְמֵר הַשֻּׁלְחָנִי, וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, וּמַסְמֵר שֶׁל אֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַחְמִיר כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. אֵין טוֹמְנִין אֶת הַחַמִּין מִיּוֹם טוֹב לְשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין זוֹקְפִין אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מִימֵיהֶן שֶׁל בֵּית אַבָּא לֹא הָיוּ אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה לְבֵית אָבִיךָ שֶׁהָיוּ מַחְמִירִין עַל עַצְמָן וּמְקִלִּין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל לִהְיוֹת אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין וָחֹרִי: \n",
+ "אַף הוּא אָמַר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים לְהָקֵל. מְכַבְּדִין בֵּין הַמִּטּוֹת, וּמְנִיחִין אֶת הַמֻּגְמָר בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְעוֹשִׂים גְּדִי מְקֻלָּס בְּלֵילֵי פְסָחִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. פָּרָתוֹ יוֹצְאָה בִרְצוּעָה שֶׁבֵּין קַרְנֶיהָ, וּמְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְשׁוֹחֲקִין אֶת הַפִּלְפְּלִין בָּרֵחַיִם שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה, אֲבָל מְקַרְצְפִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אַף לֹא מְקַרְצְפִין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. בֵּיצָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תֵּאָכֵל. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא תֵאָכֵל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׂאֹר בְּכַזַּיִת וְחָמֵץ בְּכַכּוֹתֶבֶת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה בְּכַזָּיִת: \n",
+ "בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאֶפְרוֹחַ שֶׁיָּצָא מִן הַבֵּיצָה, הַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר. הַשּׁוֹחֵט חַיָּה וָעוֹף בְּיוֹם טוֹב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחְפֹּר בַּדֶּקֶר וִיכַסֶּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִשְׁחֹט אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ עָפָר מוּכָן. וּמוֹדִים שֶׁאִם שָׁחַט, שֶׁיַּחְפֹּר בַּדֶּקֶר וִיכַסֶּה. שֶׁאֵפֶר כִּירָה מוּכָן הוּא: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶבְקֵר לָעֲנִיִּים, הֶבְקֵר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ הֶבְקֵר, עַד שֶׁיֻּבְקַר אַף לָעֲשִׁירִים כַּשְּׁמִטָּה. כָּל עָמְרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁל קַב קַב, וְאֶחָד שֶׁל אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה: \n",
+ "הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַגַּפָּה וְלַגָּדִישׁ וְלַבָּקָר וְלַכֵּלִים, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה: \n",
+ "כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְיֶשׁ לוֹ בִעוּר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֶשׁ לוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, וְהָעֲנִיִּים פּוֹדִים לְעַצְמָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלּוֹ לַגָּת: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁל זֵיתִים מְגֻלְגָּלִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לְנַקֵּב. וּמוֹדִים, שֶׁאִם נִקְּבָהּ וּסְתָמוּהָ שְׁמָרִים, שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה. הַסָּךְ בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר וְנִטְמָא, יָרַד וְטָבַל, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְנַטֵּף, טָהוֹר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן. וְאִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן טָמֵא מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כְּדֵי סִיכַת אֵבֶר קָטָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם בֵּית הִלֵּל, טוֹפֵחַ וּמַטְפִּיחַ: \n",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בְּדִינָר וּבְשָׁוֶה דִינָר, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בִּפְרוּטָה וּבְשָׁוֶה פְרוּטָה. וְכַמָּה הִיא פְרוּטָה, אֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה בְאִסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹטֵר הוּא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט יָשָׁן, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. אֵיזֶהוּ גֵט יָשָׁן. כָּל שֶׁנִּתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ אַחַר שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ לָהּ. הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְלָנָה עִמּוֹ בְפֻנְדְּקִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין. אֲבָל אִם נִתְגָּרְשָׁה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט שֵׁנִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ: \n",
+ "בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַתִּירִין אֶת הַצָּרוֹת לָאַחִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. חָלְצוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. נִתְיַבְּמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מַכְשִׁירִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹסְלִין. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין וְאֵלּוּ מַכְשִׁירִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית הִלֵּל, וְלֹא בֵית הִלֵּל מִלִּשָּׂא נָשִׁים מִבֵּית שַׁמָּאי. וְכָל הַטָּהֳרוֹת וְהַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ מְטַהֲרִין וְאֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין, לֹא נִמְנְעוּ לִהְיוֹת עוֹשִׂים טָהֳרוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל גַּב אֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת וְאֶחָד מֻפְנֶה, מֵת אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי אֲחָיוֹת וְעָשָׂה בָהּ מֻפְנֶה מַאֲמָר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו הַשֵּׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְהַלָּה תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְּגֵט וַחֲלִיצָה, וְאֶת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה. זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו: \n",
+ "הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִתַּשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת. הַמַּפֶּלֶת לְאוֹר שְׁמֹנִים וְאֶחָד, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין מִן הַקָּרְבָּן, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. סָדִין בְּצִיצִית, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִים. כַּלְכָּלַת הַשַּׁבָּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁנָּדַר נְזִירוּת מְרֻבָּה וְהִשְׁלִים נְזִירוּתוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא לָאָרֶץ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נָזִיר בַּתְּחִלָּה. מִי שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי כִתֵּי עֵדִים מְעִידוֹת אוֹתוֹ, אֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּדַר שְׁתַּיִם וְאֵלּוּ מְעִידִים שֶׁנָּדַר חָמֵשׁ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נֶחְלְקָה הָעֵדוּת וְאֵין כָּאן נְזִירוּת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ בִּכְלָל חָמֵשׁ שְׁתַּיִם, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נָזִיר שְׁתָּיִם: \n",
+ "אָדָם שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן תַּחַת הַסֶּדֶק, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אָדָם חָלוּל הוּא, וְהַצַּד הָעֶלְיוֹן מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. דַּם נְבֵלוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. בֵּיצַת הַנְּבֵלָה, אִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ נִמְכֶּרֶת בַּשּׁוּק, מֻתֶּרֶת. וְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרָה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹסְרִין. וּמוֹדִים בְּבֵיצַת טְרֵפָה שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁגָּדְלָה בְאִסּוּר. דַּם נָכְרִית וְדַם טָהֳרָה שֶׁל מְצֹרַעַת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כְּרֻקָּהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִים אֶלָּא בְטוֹבָה. הַחֵמֶת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, צְרוּרָה עוֹמֶדֶת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרוּרָה: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. הָעוֹף עוֹלֶה עִם הַגְּבִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל. תּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִים עַל שֶׁמֶן, וַעֲנָבִים עַל יַיִן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין תּוֹרְמִין. הַזּוֹרֵעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שׁוּרָה אַחַת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. הַמְּעִיסָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. מַטְבִּילִין בְּחַרְדָּלִית, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין. גֵּר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר עַרְבֵי פְסָחִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ לָעֶרֶב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הָעָרְלָה, כְּפוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַקָּבֶר: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדָיִם. מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁעָשׂוּ מִצְוָתָן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. הַקֶּצַח, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַהֲרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַמְּאִין. וְכֵן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת: \n",
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. דַּם יוֹלֶדֶת שֶׁלֹּא טָבְלָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כְּרֻקָּהּ וּכְמֵימֵי רַגְלֶיהָ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ. וּמוֹדִים בְּיוֹלֶדֶת בְּזוֹב שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא לַח וְיָבֵשׁ: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה אַחִים, שְׁנַיִם מֵהֶם נְשׂוּאִין שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, מֵתוּ הַנְּשׂוּאִים לַאֲחָיוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹלְצוֹת וְלֹא מִתְיַבְּמוֹת. וְאִם קָדְמוּ וְכָנְסוּ, יוֹצִיאוּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, יְקַיְּמוּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יוֹצִיאוּ: \n",
+ "עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, עֲקַבְיָא, חֲזֹר בְּךָ בְאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר וְנַעַשְׂךָ אַב בֵּית דִּין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמַר לָהֶן, מוּטָב לִי לְהִקָּרֵא שׁוֹטֶה כָּל יָמַי, וְלֹא לֵעָשׂוֹת שָׁעָה אַחַת רָשָׁע לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁבִיל שְׂרָרָה חָזַר בּוֹ. הוּא הָיָה מְטַמֵּא שְׂעַר הַפְּקֻדָּה וְדַם הַיָּרוֹק. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. הוּא הָיָה מַתִּיר שְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בְחַלּוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטוֹ, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַשְׁקִין לֹא אֶת הַגִּיֹּרֶת וְלֹא אֶת שִׁפְחָה הַמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַשְׁקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בְּכַרְכְּמִית, שִׁפְחָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהִשְׁקוּהָ שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן. אָמַר לָהֶם, דֻּגְמָא הִשְׁקוּהָ. וְנִדּוּהוּ, וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, וְסָקְלוּ בֵית דִּין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁעֲקַבְיָא נִתְנַדָּה, שֶׁאֵין עֲזָרָה נִנְעֶלֶת בִּפְנֵי כָל אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל בְּחָכְמָה וּבְיִרְאַת חֵטְא כַּעֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל. וְאֶת מִי נִדּוּ, אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן חֲנוֹךְ, שֶׁפִּקְפֵּק בְּטָהֳרַת יָדָיִם. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת, שָׁלְחוּ בֵית דִּין וְהִנִּיחוּ אֶבֶן עַל אֲרוֹנוֹ. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמִּתְנַדֶּה וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, סוֹקְלִין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ: \n",
+ "בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אָמַר לִבְנוֹ, בְּנִי, חֲזֹר בְּךָ בְאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר. אָמַר לוֹ, וְלָמָּה לֹא חָזַרְתָּ בָּךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּים, וְהֵם שָׁמְעוּ מִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּים. אֲנִי עָמַדְתִּי בִשְׁמוּעָתִי, וְהֵם עָמְדוּ בִשְׁמוּעָתָן. אֲבָל אַתָּה שָׁמַעְתָּ מִפִּי הַיָּחִיד, וּמִפִּי הַמְרֻבִּין. מוּטָב לְהַנִּיחַ דִּבְרֵי הַיָּחִיד, וְלֶאֱחֹז בְּדִבְרֵי הַמְרֻבִּין. אָמַר לוֹ, אַבָּא, פְּקֹד עָלַי לַחֲבֵרֶיךָ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵינִי מַפְקִיד. אָמַר לוֹ, שֶׁמָּא עִילָה מָצָאתָ בִי. אָמַר לוֹ, לָאו. מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְקָרְבוּךָ וּמַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְרַחֲקוּךָ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא הֵעִיד חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים. שֶׁמְּמָאֲנִים אֶת הַקְּטַנּוֹת, וְשֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, וְשֶׁנִּסְקַל תַּרְנְגוֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עַל שֶׁהָרַג אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ, וְעַל הַיַּיִן בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם שֶׁנִּתְנַסֵּךְ עַל גַּב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְעַל תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר שֶׁקָּרַב בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶּן אֱלִינָתָן אִישׁ כְּפַר הַבַּבְלִי, עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא קַל וָחֹמֶר. וּמַה מִן הַחַי שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר, אֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, הַמֵּת שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אֵבֶר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא עַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַחַיִּים מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּתִים, שֶׁהַחַי עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִתַּחְתָּיו, לְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּלְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא: \n",
+ "כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַהֲרִים. עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֲרִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָצִינוּ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם. מַה הַמֵּת, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, אַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יִהְיֶה טָמֵא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא, אִם טִמֵּאתָ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, שֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, תְּטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, שֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ הֵימֶנּוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָצִינוּ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כְּמֵת שָׁלֵם. מַה הַמֵּת, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ טָמֵא, אַף אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ יִהְיֶה טָמֵא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא, אִם טִמֵּאתָ עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַמֵּת, שֶׁכֵּן טִמֵּאתָ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, תְּטַמֵּא עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵאֵבָר מִן הַחַי, שֶׁכֵּן טִהַרְתָּ כַזַּיִת בָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדּוֹתֶיךָ, אוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶם אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר מִטֻּמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת, שֶׁהַבָּשָׂר נוֹהֵג בַּנְּבֵלוֹת וּבַשְּׁרָצִים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בָּעֲצָמוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֵבֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר, טָמֵא. חָסֵר הָעֶצֶם, טָהוֹר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא, מָה רָאִיתָ לַחֲלֹק מִדּוֹתֶיךָ, אוֹ טַמֵּא בִשְׁנֵיהֶם אוֹ טַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, מְרֻבָּה טֻמְאַת הָעֲצָמוֹת מִטֻּמְאַת הַבָּשָׂר, שֶּׁהַבָּשָׂר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִן הַחַי טָהוֹר, וְאֵבָר הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, וְהוּא כִבְרִיָּתוֹ, טָמֵא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל, וְרֹב עֲצָמוֹת מְטַמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. חָסֵר הַבָּשָׂר, טָהוֹר. חָסֵר רֹב עֲצָמוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהוֹר מִלְּטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כָּל בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא פָחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת, טָהוֹר. רֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ וְרֹב מִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם רֹבַע, טְמֵאִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מָה רָאִיתָ לְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם, לֹא, אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֵּת, שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב, תֹּאמְרוּ בַחַי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רֹב וְרֹבַע וְרָקָב: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר שֶׁמֵּת, שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן כְּחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן אֶלָּא כְפִדְיוֹן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל צִיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. שֶׁמִּשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבְּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִים טְהוֹרִים, לֹא פָסְלוּ צִירָן: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל זוֹחֲלִין שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל הַנּוֹטְפִים, שֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְּבִירַת הַפִּלְיָא, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִכְשִׁירוּהוּ: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל זוֹחֲלִין שֶׁקִּלְּחָן בַּעֲלֵה אֱגוֹז, שֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁרִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְאָהֳלְיָא, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי לִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית, וְהִכְשִׁירוּהוּ: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי יָקִים אִישׁ הֲדַר עַל קָלָל שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַשֶּׁרֶץ, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵעִיד רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירוּת, שֶׁאִם גִּלַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים, שֶׁמְּגַלֵּחַ הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים. וְאִם גִלַּח יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד, יָצָא, שֶׁיּוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים עוֹלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל וָלָד שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים, שֶׁיִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר שֶׁוְּלַד שְׁלָמִים לֹא יִקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְרָב. אָמַר רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס, אֲנִי מֵעִיד שֶׁהָיְתָה לָנוּ פָרָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, וַאֲכַלְנוּהָ בַפֶּסַח וְאָכַלְנוּ וְלָדָהּ שְׁלָמִים בֶּחָג: \n",
+ "הֵם הֵעִידוּ עַל אֲרוּכוֹת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים, שֶׁהֵן טְמֵאוֹת. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵם הֵעִידוּ עַל תַּנּוּר שֶׁחִתְּכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת וְנָתַן חֹל בֵּין חֻלְיָא לְחֻלְיָא, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. הֵם הֵעִידוּ שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה בְּכָל אֲדָר. שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים עַד הַפּוּרִים. הֵם הֵעִידוּ שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִים אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל תְּנָאי. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁהָלַךְ לִטֹּל רְשׁוּת מֵהֶגְמוֹן בְּסוּרְיָא וְשָׁהָה לָבֹא, וְעִבְּרוּ אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל תְּנַאי לִכְשֶׁיִּרְצֶה רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וּכְשֶׁבָּא אָמַר רוֹצֶה אָנִי, וְנִמְצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה מְעֻבָּרֶת: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד מְנַחֵם בֶּן סִגְנַאי עַל מוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶן גֻּדְגְּדָא עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ, שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט. וְעַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, וְאִם מֵתָה, בַּעְלָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. וְעַל הַמָּרִישׁ הַגָּזוּל שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ בַבִּירָה, שֶׁיִּתֵּן אֶת דָּמָיו. וְעַל הַחַטָּאת הַגְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לָרַבִּים, שֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל דַּם נְבֵלוֹת שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. הֵעִיד רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן בְּתֵירָא עַל אֵפֶר חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע טָמֵא בְמִקְצָתוֹ, שֶׁטִּמֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, עַל הַסֹּלֶת וְעַל הַקְּטֹרֶת וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַגֶּחָלִים שֶׁנָּגַע טְבוּל יוֹם בְּמִקְצָתָם, שֶׁפָּסַל אֶת כֻּלָּם: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בָּבָא וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַכֹּהֵן עַל קְטַנָּה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעָלָה. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן וְרַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב עַל תִּינוֹקֶת שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה בְאַשְׁקְלוֹן, וְרִחֲקוּהָ בְנֵי מִשְׁפַּחְתָּהּ, וְעֵדֶיהָ מְעִידִים אוֹתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים, אִם מַאֲמִינִים אַתֶּם שֶׁהֻרְהֲנָה, הַאֲמִינוּ, שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמָאָה. וְאִם אֵין אַתֶּם מַאֲמִינִים שֶׁלֹּא נִסְתְּרָה וְשֶׁלֹּא נִטְמְאָה, אַל תַּאֲמִינוּ שֶׁהֻרְהָנָה: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא עַל אַלְמָנַת עִסָּה, שֶׁהִיא כְשֵׁרָה לַכְּהֻנָּה, שֶׁהָעִסָּה כְשֵׁרָה לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, קִבַּלְנוּ עֵדוּתְכֶם, אֲבָל מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁגָּזַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹשִׁיב בָּתֵּי דִינִין עַל כָּךְ. הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְעִים לָכֶם לְרַחֵק, אֲבָל לֹא לְקָרֵב: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר, אִישׁ צְרֵדָה, עַל אַיִל קַמְצָא, דָּכָן. וְעַל מַשְׁקֵה בֵית מִטְבְּחַיָּא, דְּאִינּוּן דַּכְיָן. וּדְיִקְרַב בְּמִיתָא, מִסְתָּאָב. וְקָרוּ לֵיהּ, יוֹסֵי שָׁרְיָא: \n",
+ "הֵעִיד רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִשּׁוּם נְחֶמְיָה, אִישׁ בֵּית דְּלִי, שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאִים הָאִשָּׁה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עַל עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְדִיר הָעֵצִים, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְלַקֵּט עֶצֶם עֶצֶם וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, שָׁמַעְתִּי, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ בוֹנִים בַּהֵיכָל, עוֹשִׂים קְלָעִים לַהֵיכָל וּקְלָעִים לָעֲזָרוֹת, אֶלָּא שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל בּוֹנִים מִבַּחוּץ, וּבָעֲזָרָה בּוֹנִים מִבִּפְנִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי, שֶׁמַּקְרִיבִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בַּיִת, וְאוֹכְלִים קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קְלָעִים, קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין חוֹמָה, שֶׁקְּדֻשָּׁה רִאשׁוֹנָה קִדְּשָׁה לִשְׁעָתָהּ וְקִדְּשָׁה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא: \n",
+ "אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ, הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, שֶׁאֵין אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב, אֶלָּא לְרַחֵק הַמְקֹרָבִין בִּזְרוֹעַ וּלְקָרֵב הַמְרֻחָקִין בִּזְרוֹעַ. מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית צְרִיפָה הָיְתָה בְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְרִחֲקָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ, וְעוֹד אַחֶרֶת הָיְתָה שָׁם וְקֵרְבָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ. כְּגוֹן אֵלּוּ, אֵלִיָּהוּ בָא לְטַמֵּא וּלְטַהֵר, לְרַחֵק וּלְקָרֵב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְקָרֵב, אֲבָל לֹא לְרַחֵק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לְהַשְׁווֹת הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא לְרַחֵק וְלֹא לְקָרֵב, אֶלָּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג) הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא וְגוֹ' וְהֵשִׁיב לֵב אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים וְלֵב בָּנִים עַל אֲבוֹתָם: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה עדיות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65c7062f55dd885c470f2daf84414ae83fdc8422
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Es gibt zwei Arten von Eiden, weiche in vier zerfallen. Das Wissen der Unreinheit hat zwei Arten, welche in vier zerfallen. Das Hinaustragen am Sabbat hat zwei Arten, welche in vier zerfallen. Das Ansehen der Aussatzschäden hat zwei Arten, welche in vier zerfallen.",
+ "War am Anfang und am Ende das Wissen vorhanden, während in der Zwischenzeit Unwissenheit stattfand; so ist man ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer schuldig. War am Anfang das Wissen vorhanden, aber nicht am Ende; so bewirken der im Innern bereitete Sündopferbock und der Versöhnungstag Aufschub der (Strafe), bis es ihm bekannt wird und dann ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer bringt.",
+ "Fand am Anfang kein Wissen statt, aber am Ende war das Wissen vorhanden; so versöhnen ihn der draußen bereitete Sündopferbock und der Versöhnungstag, denn es heißt (Num. 29,11): „Außer dem Sündopfer der Versöhnung “, (dies lehrt), wie der eine versöhnt, in der Weise versöhnt auch der andere; so wie der Innere nur das versöhnt, wobei ein Wissen vorhanden war, ebenso versöhnt auch der Äußere nur das, wobei ein Wissen vorhanden war.",
+ "War weder am Anfang noch am Ende das Wissen vorhanden; so versöhnen ihn die Sündopferböcke der Festtage und die der Neumond-Tage; dies die Worte R. Jehuda’s R. Simon sagt: Die Sündopferböcke der Festtage versöhnen ihn, aber nicht die der Neumond-Tage. Wofür versöhnen denn die Sündopferböcke der Neumond-Tage? Für einen Reinen, der Unreines gegessen hat. R. Meir sagt: Alle Sündopferböcke versöhnen in gleicher Weise über Unreinheit beim Heiligtum und seinen heiligen Opfer-Speisen. Es hatte R. Simon gesagt: Die Sündopferböcke der Neumond-Tage versöhnen für den Reinen, der Unreines gegessen hat; die der Festtage versöhnen für den Fall, dass weder am Anfang noch am Ende das Wissen vorhanden war; und der des Versöhnungstages versöhnt für den Fall, dass am Anfang kein Wissen vorhanden war, am Ende aber Wissen stattfand. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Wie ist es, darf der eine anstatt des anderen dargebracht werden ? Da sagte er zu ihnen: Er darf dargebracht werden. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Da sie hinsichtlich ihrer Versöhnung einander nicht gleich sind, wie kann der Eine anstatt des Andern dargebracht werden ? Da sagte er zu ihnen: Alle kommen zu versöhnen für Unreinheits-Sünden beim Heiligtum und dessen heiligen Opferspeisen.",
+ "R. Simon, Sohn Jehuda’s, sagt in seinem Namen: Die Sündopferböcke der Neumond-Tage versöhnen für einen Reinen der Unreines gegessen; die der Festtage wirken noch mehr als jene, denn sie versöhnen sowohl für einen Reinen, der Unreines gegessen, als für den Fall, dass (bei Unreinheit der Person) weder am Anfang noch am Ende das Wissen vorhanden war; der des Versöhnungstags wirkt noch mehr als jene, denn er versöhnt nicht nur für den Reinen, der Unreines gegessen und für den Fall, dass weder am Anfang noch am Ende Wissen stattfand, sondern auch für den Fall, dass das Wissen nicht am Anfang, wohl aber am Ende vorhanden war. Da sagten sie zu ihm. Wie ist es, hat auch der Rabbi gesagt, es dürfe der Eine anstatt des Anderen dargebracht werden? Da sagte er zu ihnen: Jawohl. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Wenn dem so wäre, so könnte wohl der des Versöhnungstags an den Neumond-Tagen dargebracht werden, aber wie kann der von Neumond-Tagen am Versöhnungstage dargebracht werden, um eine Versöhnung zu bewirken, die ihm nicht zukommt? Da sagte er zu ihnen: Alle kommen zu versöhnen für Unreinheits-Sünden beim Heiligtum und seinen heiligen Opferspeisen.",
+ " Für die vorsätzlich begangenen Unreinheits-Sünden beim Heiligtum und dessen heiligen Opferspeisen versöhnen der im Innern bereitete Sündopferbock und der Versöhnungstag. Für die andern Übertretungen, (die) in der Tora (geschrieben stehen), sowohl die leichten als die schweren, die vorsätzlichen als die unvorsätzlichen, die bewussten als die nicht bewussten, die Gebote und Verbote, auch die mit Ausrottung oder gerichtlicher Todesstrafe belegten, — für diese alle versöhnt der Ziegenbock, der fortgeschickt wird.",
+ "Hierin sind Israeliten, Priester und der gesalbte Priester einander gleich. Welcher Unterschied ist aber zwischen den Israeliten und den Priestern oder gesalbtem Priester? Darin, dass das Blut des Farren die Priester wegen deren Unreinheits-Sünden beim Heiligtum und dessen heiligen Opferspeisen versöhnt. R. Simon sagt: Sowie das Blut des im Innern bereiteten Sündopferbocks für die Israeliten versöhnt, so versöhnt das Blut des Farren für die Priester, und sowie das Sündenbekenntnis beim fortzusendenden Ziegenbock für die Israeliten versöhnt, so versöhnt das Sündenbekenntnis beim Farren für die Priester."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Das Wissen der Unreinheit hat zwei Arten, die in vier zerfallen: Wenn nämlich Jemand unrein geworden und er es wusste, dann aber wird die Unreinheit von ihm vergessen, während er der Heiligkeit (der gegessenen Speise) sich bewusst ist, oder die Heiligkeit (der Speise) war ihm unbekannt, er war aber der Unreinheit sich bewusst, oder Beides wird von ihm vergessen, er isst darauf Heiliges und weiß nicht, und nach dem Essen erfährt er es; so ist er ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer schuldig. Wurde er unrein und wusste es, dann aber wurde die Unreinheit von ihm vergessen, während er das Heiligtum kennt, oder das Heiligtum war ihm unbekannt, er war sich aber der Unreinheit bewusst, oder Beides ward von ihm vergessen, und er geht darauf ins Heiligtum, und weiß nicht, und nachdem er herauskommt, erfährt er es, so ist er ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer schuldig.",
+ "Es gilt gleich, ob er in den Vorhof selbst oder in den zum Vorhofe hinzugefügten Raum getreten ist, indem man zur (heiligen) Stadt und zu den Vorhöfen Nichts hinzufügen darf, außer mit Zustimmung eines Königs, eines Propheten, der Urim und Tumim und des Synedrion von einundsiebzig. Dazu gehören ferner zwei Dankopferbrote und Gesang. Der Gerichtshof geht mit den zwei Dankopferbroten, und zwar hinter denselben, und ganz Israel folgt ihm. Das innere (Brot) wurde verzehrt, das äußere verbrannt. Alles, was nicht mit allen diesen (Bedingungen) gemacht wurde, da war der dort hineingehende (Unreine) nicht schuldig.",
+ "Ist Jemand im Vorhofe unrein geworden, dann wurde die Unreinheit von ihm vergessen, er war sich aber bewusst, dass er im Heiligtume ist, oder er vergaß, dass er sich im Heiligtume befindet, er war aber seiner Unreinheit sich bewusst, oder Beides ward von ihm vergessen, und er verbeugte sich, oder er verweilte darin so lange, als eine Verbeugung dauert, oder er kam den längern Weg heraus, so ist er schuldig. (Geht er aber) den kürzeren Weg, so ist er frei. Dies ist ein Tat-Gebot betreffs des Heiligtums, wegen dessen Übertretung die Gemeinde nicht schuldig wird.",
+ "Welches ist das Tat-Gebot betreffs der menstruierenden Frau, wegen dessen Übertretung man schuldig wird? Wenn Jemand einer reinen Frau beiwohnt, und sie sagt zu ihm: „ich bin unrein geworden!“, und er zieht sich sofort zurück, so ist er schuldig, weil das Weggehen ihm soviel Genuss gewährt, wie das Kommen.",
+ "R. Elieser sagt: (Es heißt in Lev. 5,2:) „Das Kriechtier . . und es wird von ihm vergessen“; dies lehrt:) nur beim Vergessen, dass es ein Kriechtier war, ist er schuldig; er ist aber nicht schuldig beim Vergessen, dass er im Heiligtume ist. R. Akiba sagt: (Es heißt das.:) „es wird von ihm vergessen, und er ist unrein“; (dies lehrt:) nur beim Vergessen der Unreinheit ist er schuldig; er ist aber nicht schuldig beim Vergessen, dass er im Heiligtume ist. R. Ismael sagt: Der Ausdruck „es wird vergessen“ steht (Lev. 5, 2—3) zweimal, um zu lehren, dass er sowohl beim Vergessen der Unreinheit als beim Vergessen des Heiligtums schuldig sei."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Es gibt zwei Arten von Eiden, welche in vier zerfallen, nämlich: „Ich schwöre, dass ich essen werde,“ oder: „dass ich nicht essen werde;“ ferner: „dass ich gegessen habe“ oder: „dass ich nicht gegessen habe “ (Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde,“ und er isst noch so wenig; so ist er schuldig. Dies die Worte R. Akiba’s. Da sagten sie zu R. Akiba: Wo finden wir denn, dass Einer, der eine Kleinigkeit isst, schuldig sei, dass dieser schuldig sein soll? Da sagte R. Akiba zu ihnen: Wo finden wir denn, dass Einer wegen eines bloßen Wortes ein Sündopfer zu bringen habe, während dieser doch wegen eines bloßen Wortes ein Sündopfer bringen muss? (Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde“, und er hat dann gegessen und getrunken; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Sagt er aber:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde und dass ich nicht trinken werde“, und hat gegessen und getrunken; so ist er zweimal schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde,“ und er hat dann Weizenbrot, Gerstenbrot und Dinkelbrot gegessen; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Hatte er aber gesagt:) „ich schwöre, dass ich weder Brot von Weizen, noch Brot von Gerste, noch Brot von Dinkel essen werde;“ so ist er für jedes besonders schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht trinken will,“ und er trinkt dann vielerlei Getränke; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Sagt er aber:) „ich schwöre, dass ich weder Wein, noch Öl, noch Honig trinken werde;“ und er trinkt dann; so ist er für jedes besonders schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde“, und er isst dann Speisen, die nicht zum Essen geeignet sind, oder er trinkt Getränke, die nicht zum Trinken geeignet sind; so ist er frei. Dagegen, (wenn er sagt:) „ich schwöre, dass ich nicht essen werde,“ und er isst Aas, Zerrissenes, Geschmeiss oder Gewürm; so ist er schuldig. R. Simon erklärt ihn frei. Sagt Jemand: „Konam soll jeder Genuss von Seiten meiner Frau mir sein, wenn ich heute gegessen habe,“ und er hatte Aas, Zerrissenes, Geschmeiss oder Gewürm gegessen, so ist ihm seine Frau verboten.",
+ "Es ist einerlei, ob die Dinge ihn selbst oder Andere betreffen, ob an den Dingen etwas Greifbares ist, oder nicht. Z. B. er sagt: „ich schwöre, dass ich dem N. (Etwas) geben, oder Nichts geben werde; dass ich (ihm Etwas) gegeben, oder nicht gegeben habe; dass ich schlafen, oder nicht schlafen werde; dass ich ein Steinchen ins Wasser werfen, oder nicht werfen werde; dass ich (es ins Wasser geworfen, oder nicht geworfen habe.“ R. Ismael sagt: Er ist nur schuldig (für einen Schwur) auf die Zukunft, denn es heißt (Lev. 5,4; „zu Leide oder zu Liebe.“) Da sagte R. Akiba zu ihm: Wenn dem so wäre, so könnte ich nur solche Schwüre entnehmen, bei denen Angenehmes oder Unangenehmes ist; woher wissen wir die Schwüre, die nicht Angenehmes oder Unangenehmes betreffen? Da sagte er zu ihm: Aus der Erweiterungs-Aussage der Schrift. Da sagte er zu ihm: Wenn die Schrift in dieser Beziehung (das Gesetz) erweitert hat, so hat sie (es) auch in jener Beziehung erweitert.",
+ "Schwört Jemand ein Gebot zu verabsäumen, und er hat es nicht verabsäumt, so ist er frei. (Schwört er), ein Gebot zu erfüllen, und er hat es nicht erfüllt, so ist er frei. Es sollte eigentlich durch einen Schluss gefolgert werden, dass er schuldig sei, und zwar nach den Worten des R. Jehuda ben Bethera. Es sagte nämlich R. Jehuda ben Bethera: Wenn man schon wegen Schwüre über freiwillige Handlungen, wozu man nicht vom Berge Sinai her eidlich verpflichtet ist, schuldig wird; um wie viel mehr wird man schuldig wegen Schwüre über gebotene Handlungen, worauf man schon vom Berge Sinai her beschworen ist! Da sagten sie zu ihm: Nein! Wenn Du es sagst bei einem Schwure über eine freiwillige Handlung, wobei die Verneinung der Bejahung gleich gesetzt ist, wirst Du es denn auch sagen bei einem Schwur (zur Erfüllung) eines Gebot es, wobei doch die Verneinung nicht der Bejahung gleichgesetzt werden kann? denn wenn Einer schwört, ein Gebot zu verabsäumen, und er verabsäumt es nicht, ist er ja frei!",
+ "Sagt Jemand: „ich schwöre, dass ich diesen Laib Brot nicht essen werde. ich schwöre, dass ich ihn nicht essen werde! (ich schwöre, dass ich ihn nicht essen werde!) und er isst ihn (dennoch), so ist er nur einmal schuldig. Dies ist ein Ausspruch - Eid, wegen dessen mutwilliger Verletzung man Geißelhiebe und wegen unvorsätzlicher ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer schuldig wird; wegen eines vergeblichen Schwures ist man, wenn er mit Mutwillen ausgesprochen, der Geißelung schuldig, und wenn aus Versehen, ist man frei.",
+ "Was heißt ein vergeblicher Schwur? Wenn Einer schwört, dass Etwas anders sei, als es den Menschen bekannt ist; er schwört z B. Betreffs einer steinernen Säule, dass sie eine goldene sei; Betreffs eines Mannes, er sei ein Weib, oder Betreffs eines Weibes, es sei ein Mann; oder er beschwört, was unmöglich ist, etwa: „wenn ich nicht ein in der Luft fliegendes Kamel gesehen habe“, „wenn ich nicht eine dem Balken der Ölpress. gleiche Schlange gesehen habe.“ — Sagt Jemand zu Zeugen: „kommet und zeuget für mich!“ (und sie erwidern:) „wir schwören, dass wir nicht zeugen wollen!“ oder es schwört Jemand, ein Gebot zu verabsäumen, etwa: keine Laubhütte zu machen, keinen Lulab zu nehmen, oder keine Tephillin anzulegen; so ist dies ein vergeblicher Schwur, wegen dessen man, wenn er mit Mutwillen ausgesprochen, der Geißelung schuldig wird, und wenn aus Versehen, frei ist.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich schwöre, dass ich diesen Brotlaib essen werde! ich schwöre, dass ich ihn nicht essen werde!“; so ist der erstere ein Ausspruch-Eid, und der zweite ein vergeblicher Eid. Hat er ihn gegessen, so hat er (nur) durch vergebliches Schwören eine Übertretung verübt; hat er ihn nicht gegessen, so hat er (auch) einen Ausspruch-Eid verletzt.",
+ "Das Gesetz über den Ausspruch-Eid gilt. sowohl bei Männern als bei Weibern; sowohl hinsichtlich Entfernter als hinsichtlich Anverwandter; sowohl bei (zum Zeugnis) Tauglichen als bei Untauglichen; sowohl vor dem Gerichte als außerhalb des Gerichtes; (doch muss der Schwur) durch seinen eigenen Mund (ausgesprochen sein). Wegen dessen Mutwilliger Verletzung ist man der Geißelung schuldig, wegen unvorsätzlicher (bringt man) ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer.",
+ "Das Gesetz über den vergeblichen Schwur gilt sowohl bei Männern als bei Weibern; sowohl hinsichtlich Entfernter als hinsichtlich Anverwandter; sowohl bei (zum Zeugnis) Tauglichen als bei Untauglichen; sowohl vor dem Gerichte als außerhalb des Gerichtes; (doch muss der Schwur) durch seinen eigenen Mund (ausgesprochen sein). Wenn er mutwillig ausgesprochen wurde, ist man seinetwegen der Geißelung schuldig; wenn aus Versehen, ist man frei. Sowohl bei diesem als bei jenem ist auch der schuldig, welcher von Andern beschworen wird. In welcher Weise? Sagt er: „ich habe heute Nichts gegessen“, oder: „ich habe heute keine Tephillin angelegt“ — (darauf sagt ein Anderer): „ich beschwöre dich (darüber)“, und er erwidert: „Amen!“; so ist er schuldig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Das Gesetz über den Zeugnis-Eid gilt nur bei Männern, nicht bei Weibern; nur bei Nicht-Verwandten, aber nicht bei Verwandten; nur bei (zum Zeugnis) Tauglichen, aber nicht bei Untauglichen; es gilt auch nur bei solchen, die geeignet sind, Zeugnis abzulegen; (es gilt sowohl) vor dem Gerichte als auch außerhalb des Gerichtes, (wenn der Schwur) durch seinen eigenen Mund (ausgesprochen wird); wenn aber durch Anderer Mund, werden sie nur dann schuldig, wenn sie vor Gericht leugnen; dies die Worte R. Meir’s. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sowohl durch seinen, eigenen Mund, als durch den Mund Anderer werden sie nur dann schuldig, wenn sie vor Gericht leugnen.",
+ "Sie werden schuldig bei Vorsätzlichkeit hinsichtlich des Eides und beim Irrtum betreffs desselben, wenn Vorsätzlichkeit hinsichtlich des Zeugnisses vorhanden war; nicht aber, wenn auch betreffs dieses ein Irrtum stattfand. Was sind sie wegen des vorsätzlichen Falscheides schuldig? Ein auf- und absteigendes Opfer.",
+ "Wie ist ein Zeugnis-Eid? Wenn Jemand zu Zweien sagt: „Kommet und zeuget für mich!“ (sie aber sagen:) „wir schwören, dass wir für dich kein Zeugnis wissen!“; oder sie sagen: wir wissen für dich kein Zeugnis!“ (worauf Jener sagt:) „ich beschwöre euch!“, und sie sagen: „Amen!“; — so sind sie schuldig. Hat er sie außerhalb des Gerichtes fünfmal beschworen, und als sie vor Gericht gekommen, haben sie eingestanden, so sind sie frei; haben sie es aber (auch hier geleugnet, so sind sie auf jedes Beschwören besonders schuldig. Hat er sie fünfmal vor Gericht beschworen. und sie haben geleugnet, so sind sie nur einmal schuldig. Es sagte R. Simon: Was ist der Grund? Weil sie nicht wiederum eingestehen können.",
+ "Haben Beide gleichzeitig geleugnet, so sind Beide schuldig; (hat) Einer nach dem Andern (geleugnet), so ist nur der erste schuldig, der zweite aber frei. Hat Einer geleugnet und der Andere eingestanden, so ist der Leugner schuldig. Waren zwei Zeugen-Parteien da, und es leugnete die erste, darauf leugnete die zweite, so sind beide schuldig; weil das Zeugnis durch jede von beiden bestehen könnte.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand): „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr kommet und für mich zeuget, dass ich bei N. ein Verwahrgut, ein Darlehen, Geraubtes und Verlorenes habe!“ ! (Darauf sagen sie:) „wir schwören, dass wir für Dich kein Zeugnis wissen!“, so sind sie nur einmal schuldig. (Sagen sie aber:) „wir schwören, dass wir nicht wissen, dass du bei N. ein Verwahrgut, ein Darlehen, Geraubtes und Verlorenes hast!“, so sind sie wegen jedes (Dinges) besonders schuldig. (Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr kommet und für mich zeuget, dass ich bei N. ein Verwahrgut von Weizen, Gerste und Dinkel habe!“ (hierauf sagen sie:) „wir schwören, dass wir für Dich kein Zeugnis wissen!“, so sind sie nur einmal schuldig. (Sagen sie aber:) „wir schwören, dass wir für dich nicht zu zeugen wissen, dass du bei N. Weizen, Gerste und Dinkel hast!“, so sind sie wegen Jedes besonders schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr kommet und für mich bezeuget, dass ich von N. Schaden-Ersatz, halben Schaden- Ersatz, Doppel-Ersatz vier- oder fünffachen Ersatz zu fordern habe; dass N. meine Tochter genotzüchtigt, dass er meine Tochter verführt hat; dass mich mein Sohn geschlagen hat, dass mein Nächster am Versöhnungstage mich verwundet oder meinen Getreidehaufen angezündet hat!“; so sind sie schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr kommet und mir bezeuget, dass ich ein Priester, ein Levite, kein Sohn einer Verstoßenen, kein Sohn einer Chaluza bin; dass N. ein Priester, ein Levite, kein Sohn einer Verstoßenen, kein Sohn einer Chaluza ist; dass der und der dessen Tochter genotzüchtigt, dass er dessen Tochter verführt hat; dass mein Sohn mich verwundet; dass N. am Sabbat mich verwundet oder meinen Getreidehaufen angezündet hat;“ so sind sie frei.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr kommet und mir bezeuget, dass N. versprochen, mir zweihundert Sus zu geben, und mir sie nicht gegeben hat,“ so sind sie frei; denn sie sind nur wegen einer Geldforderung schuldig, die einem Verwahrgut gleich ist.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch, dass sobald ihr für mich ein Zeugnis wissen werdet, ihr kommet und für mich zeuget;“ so sind sie frei, weil der Schwur der Zeugen-Wahrnehmung vorangegangen ist.",
+ "Wenn Jemand in der Synagoge steht und sagt: „ich beschwöre euch, dass wenn ihr mir ein Zeugnis wisset, ihr kommet und für mich zeuget;“ so sind sie frei, (er müsste denn seine Worte an sie gerichtet haben).",
+ "Sagt Jemand zu Zweien: „ich beschwöre euch N. und N., dass wenn ihr mir ein Zeugnis wisset, ihr kommet und für mich zeuget;“ (darauf sagen sie:) „wir schwören, dass wir kein Zeugnis für dich wissen!“; sie aber wissen für ihn ein Zeugnis, (das sie) aus dem Munde eines andern Zeugen vernommen, oder Einer von ihnen ist ein Anverwandter oder (zum Zeugnis) Untauglicher; so sind sie frei.",
+ "Schickt Jemand durch seinen Knecht, oder der Verklagte sagt zu ihnen: „ich beschwöre euch, dass ihr, wenn ihr ihm ein Zeugnis wisset, kommen und für ihn zeugen möget;“ so sind sie frei; denn nur, wenn sie aus dem Munde des Klägers hören, (sind sie schuldig.)",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich beschwöre euch,“ — „ich gebiete euch,“ — „ich binde euch,“ so sind sie schuldig. (Sagt er aber:) „bei Himmel und Erde,“ so sind sie frei. Beschwört er sie beim Gottesnamen „Aleph-Daleth,“ — „Jud-He,“ „Schaddai,“ — „Zebaot,“ — beim Allgnädigen oder Allbarmherzigen, beim Langmütigen oder Huldreichen oder bei sonst einem der Attribute (Gottes,) so sind sie schuldig. Der Lästerer ist bei diesen allen schuldig; dies die Worte R. Meir’s. Die Weisen sprechen ihn frei. Wer seinem Vater oder seiner Mutter mit einem von allen diesen Gottesnamen flucht, ist schuldig; dies die Worte R. Meir’s. Die Weisen sprechen ihn frei. Wer sich selbst oder seinem Nächsten mit einem von diesen allen flucht, übertritt ein Verbot. — „Gott schlage dich!“ oder „so schlage dich Gott!“ — Das ist der „Eidfluch,“ der in der Tora geschrieben steht. (Sagt man:) „Er schlage dich nicht!“ — „Er segne dich!“ — „Er lasse es dir wohl gehen ! — so erklärt R. Meir (die Zeugen) für schuldig; die Weisen aber sprechen sie frei."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Das Gesetz betreffs des Verwahrguts-Eides gilt sowohl bei Männern als bei Weibern; sowohl bei Entfernten als bei Anverwandten; sowohl bei (zur Zeugenschaft) Tauglichen als bei Untauglichen; sowohl vor dem Gerichte als außerhalb des Gerichtes, (wenn der Schwur) aus seinem eigenen Munde (gekommen); (wenn aber) aus dem Munde Anderer, ist er nur schuldig, wenn er es vor Gericht abgeleugnet hat; dies die Worte R. Meirs. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sowohl (wenn der Schwur) aus seinem eigenen Munde als (wenn er) aus dem Munde Anderer (gekommen), — sobald er es abgeleugnet hat, ist er schuldig. Er ist schuldig bei Vorsätzlichkeit hinsichtlich des Eides und beim Irrtum betreffs desselben, wenn Vorsätzlichkeit hinsichtlich des Verwahrgutes vorhanden war; er ist aber nicht schuldig, wenn er auch hierüber im Irrtume war. Was ist man wegen dieser vorsätzlich begangenen Sünde schuldig? Ein Schuldopfer für zwei Schekel.",
+ "Wie ist die Vorschrift über den Verwahrguts-Eid? Sagt Einer zum Andern: „gib mir mein Verwahrgut, das ich bei dir habe!“ (er erwidert darauf:) „ich schwöre, dass du Nichts bei mir hast!“ — oder er sagt bloß: „du hast Nichts bei mir!“ (worauf Jener sagt:) „ich beschwöre dich!“ und dieser sagt: „Amen!“; so ist er schuldig. Hat er ihn fünfmal, sei es vor Gericht sei es außerhalb des Gerichtes, beschworen, und er hat es abgeleugnet; so ist er für jedes Mal besonders schuldig. Es sagte R. Simon: Was ist der Grund? Weil er wiederum eingestehen könnte.",
+ "Haben fünf (Leute) von ihm gefordert, indem sie zu ihm sagten: „gib uns das Verwahrgut, das wir bei dir haben!“, (und er erwiderte:) „ich schwöre, dass ihr Nichts bei mir habet!“; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Sagte er aber:) „ich schwöre, dass du Nichts bei mir hast und auch nicht du und auch nicht du! (u. s. w.)“; so ist er wegen eines Jeden besonders schuldig. R. Elieser sagt: Nur wenn er den Schwur am Ende gesagt hat. R. Simon sagt: Nur wenn er bei Jedem den Schwur wiederholt hat. (Sagt Jemand:) „gib mir das Verwahrgut, das Darlehen, das Geraubte und das Verlorene, das ich bei dir habe!“ (und er erwidert:) „ich schwöre, dass du Nichts bei mir hast!“; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Erwidert er aber:) „ich schwöre, dass du weder ein Verwahrgut, noch ein Darlehen, noch Geraubtes, noch Verlorenes bei mir hast!“; so ist er wegen Jedes besonders schuldig. (Sagt Jemand:) „gib mir den Weizen, die Gerste und den Dinkel, was ich bei dir habe!“ (und er erwidert:) „ich schwöre, dass du Nichts bei mir hast!“; so ist er nur einmal schuldig. (Erwidert er aber:) „ich schwöre, dass du weder Weizen noch Gerste noch Dinkel bei mir hast!“; so ist er wegen Jedes besonders schuldig. R. Meïr sagt: Auch wenn er sagt: חטה ושעורה וכסמת, ist er wegen Jedes besonders schuldig.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „du hast meine Tochter genotzüchtigt oder verführt!“, und er sagt: „ich habe sie nicht genotzüchtigt und nicht verführt!“ (Darauf sagt Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er schuldig. R. Simon spricht ihn frei, weil man kein Strafgeld durch eigenes Geständnis bezahlt. Da sagten sie zu ihm: Wenn er auch kein Strafgeld durch eigenes Geständnis bezahlt hätte, so hätte er doch Beschimpfungs- und Wertverlust-Geld beim Selbstverständnis bezahlen müssen.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „du hast meinen Ochsen gestohlen!“ und er sagt: „ich habe nicht gestohlen!“ (Darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich “, und er sagt: „Amen!“; so ist er schuldig. (Sagte er aber:) „ich habe ihn zwar gestohlen, aber nicht geschlachtet und nicht verkauft! (Darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“; so ist er frei. (Sagt Jemand:) „dein Ochs hat meinen Ochsen getötet“, und er sagt: „er hat nicht getötet“, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er schuldig. (Sagt aber Jener:) „dein Ochs hat meinen Sklaven getötet!“ und er sagt: „er hat nicht getötet!“ (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei. Sagt Jemand zu ihm: „du hast mich verwundet und hast mir eine Strieme beigebracht!“, und er sagt: „ich habe dich nicht verwundet und dir keine Strieme beigebracht!“ (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er schuldig. Sagt aber sein Sklave zu ihm: „du hast mir den Zahn ausgeschlagen oder das Auge geblendet!“, und er sagt: „ich habe ihn nicht ausgeschlagen und es nicht geblendet!“, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und er sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei. Die Regel ist: In allen Fällen, in denen man auf eigenes Geständnis bezahlen müsste, ist man schuldig; wo man aber auf eigenes Geständnis nicht zu zahlen brauchte, ist man frei."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Beim gerichtlichen Eide muss mindestens das Klage-Objekt zwei Silberstücke und das Zugestandene eine Peruta wert sein; und wenn das Zugestandene nicht mit dem Klage-Objekte von ein und derselben Art ist, so ist er frei. Auf welche Weise? (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe zwei Silberstücke bei dir!“, (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast bei mir nur eine Peruta!“, so ist er frei. (Sagt aber Jemand:) „zwei Silberstücke und eine Peruta habe ich bei dir!“ (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast nur eine Peruta bei mir!“, so ist er schuldig. (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe bei dir eine Mine “, (und der Andere entgegnet:) „du hast Nichts bei mir!“, so ist er frei. (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe bei dir eine Mine!“, (und der Andere entgegnet:) „du hast nur fünfzig Denar bei mir!“, so ist er schuldig. (Sagt Jemand:) „du hast von meinem Vater eine Mine in Händen!“, (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast nur fünfzig Denar bei mir!“, so ist er frei, weil dies so ist, als wenn er Verlorenes zurückgäbe.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe bei dir eine Mine!“ und der Andere erwidert ihm (vor Zeugen): „jawohl!“; am folgenden Tage sagt Jener zu ihm: „gib sie mir!“, (und dieser erwidert:) „ich habe sie dir bereits gegeben!“, so ist er frei. (Erwidert er aber:) „du hattest Nichts bei mir!“, so ist er schuldig. (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe bei dir eine Mine!“, und der Andere erwidert ihm: „jawohl!“, (darauf sagt Jener: „gib sie mir nur vor Zeugen!“; am folgenden Tage sagte er zu ihm: „gib sie mir!“, (und dieser erwidert:) „ich habe sie dir bereits gegeben!“, so ist er schuldig, weil er sie (ihm) vor Zeugen geben musste.",
+ "(Sagt Jemand: „ich habe ein Pfund Gold bei dir!“, (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast bei mir nur ein Pfund Silber!“, so ist dieser frei. (Sagt aber Jemand:) „ich habe einen Gold-Denar bei dir!“ (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast bei mir nur einen Silber-Denar, einen Tressis, einen Pondion, oder eine Peruta!“, so ist dieser schuldig, weil alle Münz-Sorten einerlei Art sind. (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe einen Kor Getreide bei dir!“, (und der Andere erwidert:) „du hast bei mir nur einen Lethech Hülsenfrucht!“, so ist dieser frei. (Sagt Jener aber:) „ich habe einen Kor Früchte bei dir!“, (und dieser erwidert:) „du hast bei mir nur einen Lethech Hülsenfrucht!“, so ist dieser schuldig, weil Hülsenfrucht unter „Früchte“ einbegriffen ist. Fordert man von Einem Weizen, und er gesteht Gerste ein, so ist er frei. Rabban Gamliel aber erklärt ihn für schuldig. Fordert Jemand von seinem Nächsten Krüge Öl und dieser gesteht ihm leere Krüge ein, so sagt Admon, weil er einen Teil von der Art des Klage-Objektes eingestanden hat, so muss er schwören. Die Weisen aber sagen: das Eingestandene ist nicht von der Art des Klage-Objektes. Es sagte Rabban Gamliel: Mir gefallen Admon’s Worte. Fordert man von Einem Geräte und Grundstücke, dieser aber gesteht die Geräte ein und leugnet die Grundstücke ab, oder er gesteht die Grundstücke ein und leugnet die Geräte ab, so ist er frei. Gesteht er einen Teil der Grundstücke ein, so ist er (ebenfalls) frei. Gesteht er einen Teil der Geräte ein, so ist er schuldig; denn die Güter, welche keine Sicherheit gewähren, verbinden die Sicherheit gewährenden Güter, dass man (auch) über diese schwören muss.",
+ "Man schwört nicht auf die Klage eines Taubstummen, eines Irrsinnigen oder eines Unmündigen. Man beschwört auch keinen Unmündigen; doch schwört man gegen einen Unmündigen und gegen Geheiligtes.",
+ "Über folgende Dinge schwört man nicht: Sklaven, schriftliche Urkunden, Grundstücke und geheiligte Sachen. Bei diesen findet kein Doppel-Ersatz und nicht Ersatz des Vier- oder Fünffachen statt. Der unentgeltliche Hüter schwört nicht ihretwegen und der Lohn-Hüter bezahlt nicht. R. Simon sagt: Über geheiligte Sachen, für welche man haften muss, schwört man; über diejenigen aber, für welche man nicht haften muss, schwört man nicht.",
+ "R. Meïr sagt: Es gibt Dinge, die am Boden haften, und dennoch nicht wie Grund und Boden betrachtet werden. Die Weisen aber pflichten ihm nicht bei. Wie ist dies? (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe dir zehn beladene Weinstöcke übergeben!“, und der Andere sagt: „es waren nur fünf!“, so verpflichtet ihn R. Meïr zu schwören. Die Weisen aber sagen: Alles, was am Boden haftet, ist wie Grund und Boden (anzusehen). Man schwört nur über ein Objekt, das nach Maaß, Gewicht oder Zahl bestimmt ist; z. B.: (Sagt Jemand:) „ich habe dir ein volles Haus (mit Frucht) übergeben!“ oder: „ich habe dir einen vollen Beutel (mit Geld) übergeben!“, und der Andere sagt: „ich weiß nicht; was du hineingelegt hast, magst du nehmen!“, so ist er frei. Sagt aber Jener: „(die Frucht reichte) bis an den Vorsprung “, und dieser sagt: „nur bis ans Fenster!“, so ist dieser schuldig.",
+ "Hat Jemand seinem Nächsten auf ein Pfand geliehen, und das Pfand ist verloren gegangen; er sagt nun zu ihm: „ich habe dir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, es war aber nur einen Schekel Wert!“, und dieser sagt: „nicht so, sondern du hast mir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, und es war auch einen Sela‘ wert!“, so ist dieser frei. (Sagt Jener:) „ich habe dir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, es war aber nur einen Schekel wert!“ und dieser sagt: „nicht so, sondern du hast mir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, und es war drei Denar wert!“; so ist dieser schuldig. (Sagt der Schuldner:) „du hast mir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, es war aber zwei Sela‘ wert!“, und der Andere sagt: „nicht so, sondern ich habe dir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, und es war nur einen Sela‘ Wert!“; so ist dieser frei. (Sagt aber der Schuldner:) „du hast mir einen Sela‘ darauf geliehen, und es war zwei Sela‘ wert!“, und der Andere sagt: „nicht so, sondern ich habe dir einen Sela darauf geliehen, und es war nur fünf Denar wert!“, so ist dieser schuldig. Wer schwört? Derjenige, bei dem das Verwahrgut war; denn wenn der Andere schwöre, so würde Jener vielleicht das Verwahrgut hervorbringen."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Alle, welche nach dem Toragesetze schwören müssen, schwören, um nicht zu bezahlen. Folgende aber schwören, um (Bezahlung) zu empfangen. Der Tagelöhner, der Beraubte, der Verwundete, der, dessen Gegner des Meineides verdächtig ist, und der Krämer auf sein Buch. Der Tagelöhner — auf welche Weise? Sagt er zu Einem: „gib mir meinen Lohn, den ich bei dir habe!“, dieser sagt! „ich habe (ihn bereits) gegeben:“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe Nichts empfangen!“; so schwört er und empfängt (seinen Lohn). R. Jehuda sagt: Nur wenn dabei ein Teil-Geständniss stattfindet. Auf welche Weise? Er sagt zu ihm: „gib mir meinen Lohn von fünfzig Denar, den ich bei dir habe!“, und dieser sagt: „du hast einen Gold-Denar bereits erhalten!“",
+ "Der Beraubte — auf welche Weise? Zeugt man gegen Jemand, dass er in des Andern Haus gegangen, um ihn ohne Erlaubnis auszupfänden; dieser sagt: „du hast mir ein Gerät genommen!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe Nichts genommen!“; so schwört der Andere und empfängt. R. Jehuda sagt: Nur wenn dabei ein Teil-Geständniss stattfindet. Auf weiche Weise? Er sagt zu ihm: „du hast zwei Geräte genommen!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe nur Eins genommen!“",
+ "Der Verwundete — auf welche Weise? Zeugt man gegen Jemand, dass ein Anderer unversehrt zu ihm hineingegangen und von ihm verwundet herausgekommen ist; dieser sagt: „du hast mich verwundet!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe dich nicht verwundet!“, so schwört der Andere und empfängt. R. Jehuda sagt: Nur wenn dabei ein Teil-Geständniss stattfindet. Auf welche Weise? Er sagt zu ihm: „du hast mir zwei Wunden beigebracht!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe dir nur Eine beigebracht!“",
+ "Der, dessen Gegner des Meineides verdächtig ist — auf welche Weise? Er mag beim Zeugnis-Eide, oder beim Verwahrguts-Eide oder auch nur durch einen vergeblichen Eid (verdächtig geworden sein). Ist Einer von ihnen ein Würfelspieler, ein Wucherer, Einer, der Tauben fliegen lässt, Einer, der mit Brachjahr-Frucht handelt; so schwört sein Gegner und empfängt Bezahlung. Sind Beide verdächtig, so geht der Schwur zurück an seinen Ort; dies die Worte R. Jose’s. R. Meïr sagt: Sie teilen.",
+ "Der Krämer auf sein Buch — auf welche Weise? Nicht wenn er zu Jemand sagt: „es steht in meinem Buche geschrieben, dass Du mir zweihundert Sus schuldig bist!“; sondern wenn Jemand zu ihm gesagt hat: „gib meinem Sohne zwei Seah Weizen!“— „gib meinen Arbeitern für einen Sela kleines Geld!“, hierauf sagt er: „ich habe es gegeben!“, Jene aber sagen: „wir haben Nichts erhalten!“; (so schwören Beide) so schwört er und empfängt, und Jene schwören und empfangen. Da sagte Ben Nanos: Wie darf man Diese zum falschen Eide kommen lassen?! Vielmehr empfängt er ohne Schwur, und Jene empfangen ohne Schwur.",
+ "Sagt Jemand zum Krämer: „gib mir um einen Denar Früchte!“ er gibt sie ihm, dann sagt er zu ihm: „gib mir den Denar!“, und er erwidert: „ich habe ihn dir schon gegeben, und du hast ihn in die Geldkasse getan!“, so schwört der Hausherr. Hat dieser aber Jenem den Denar gegeben und sagt zu ihm: „gib mir die Früchte!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe sie dir schon gegeben, und du hast sie nach Hause schaffen lassen!“, so schwört der Krämer. R. Jehuda sagt: Wer die Früchte in Händen hat, der hat die Oberhand. Sagt Jemand zu einem Geldwechsler: „gib mir für einen Denar kleines Geld!“, er gibt es ihm, dann sagt er zu ihm: „gib mir den Denar!“, und er erwidert: „ich habe ihn dir schon gegeben, und du hast ihn in die Geldkasse getan!“, so schwört der Hausherr. Hat dieser aber Jenem den Denar gegeben und sagt zu ihm: „gib mir das kleine Geld!“, und Jener sagt: „ich habe es dir schon gegeben, und du hast es in deinen Beutel geworfen, so schwört der Geldwechsler. R. Jehuda sagt: Es ist nicht die Weise, dass der Wechsler einen Issar gibt, bevor er den Denar bekommen hat.",
+ "Sowie man (auch) gesagt hat: Eine Frau, die eine Teilzahlung ihrer Ketuba zugesteht, kann (den Rest) nur durch einen Eid bezahlt bekommen; wenn ein Zeuge aussagt, sie sei bezahlt, so kann sie nur durch einen Eid bezahlt erhalten; von unterworfenen Gütern und von Gütern der Waisen; kann sie nur durch einen Eid Bezahlung erhalten; auch wenn sie in Abwesenheit des Mannes bezahlt werden will, kann sie nur durch einen Eid Bezahlung erlangen. Ebenso können die Waisen nur durch einen Eid bezahlt erhalten, nämlich: „wir schwören, dass unser Vater uns nicht letztwillig erklärt, uns nicht (sonst) gesagt hat, wir auch nicht unter den schriftlichen Urkunden unseres Vaters gefunden haben, dass dieser Schuldschein bezahlt sei!“ R. Jochanan Ben Beroka sagt: Selbst wenn der Sohn nach dem Tode des Vaters geboren wurde, muss er schwören, um Bezahlung zu erhalten. Es sagt R. Simon Sohn Gamliel’s: Wenn Zeugen vorhanden sind, dass der Vater in der Todesstunde gesagt hat, dieser Schuldschein sei nicht bezahlt, so empfängt er ohne Schwur.",
+ "Folgende schwören ohne (bestimmte) Forderung: Teilhaber, Feldbauer, Verwalter, eine Frau, die im Hause das Geschäft führt, und der Haus-Sohn. Sagt er zu ihm: „was forderst du von mir?“, (und der Andere erwidert:) „ich will, dass du mir schwörest!“, so ist er schuldig. Haben die Teilhaber und die Feldbauer schon geteilt, so kann man sie nicht beschwören. Wird ihm aber ein Eid durch eine andere Forderung auferlegt, so kann man ihm einen Eid über Alles auferlegen. Das Erlassjahr bewirkt auch die Erlassung des Eides."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Es gibt viererlei Hüter: ein unentgeltlicher Hüter, ein Entleiher, ein Lohnhüter und ein Mieter. Ein unentgeltlicher Hüter hat bei allen Fällen (nur) zu schwören; der Entleiher muss bei allen Fällen bezahlen; der Lohnhüter und der Mieter schwören, wenn das Vieh gebrochen oder gefangen worden oder gestorben ist, und bezahlen bei Verlust und Diebstahl.",
+ "Sagt er zu dem unentgeltlichen Huter: „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „er ist gestorben!“, er ist aber gebrochen, gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gebrochen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben, oder gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt.:) „er ist gefangen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gestohlen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gefangen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist verloren gegangen!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gefangen oder gestohlen worden; (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei.",
+ "(Fragt der Eigentümer:) „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „ich weiß nicht, was du schwatzest!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei. (Fragt Jener:) „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „er ist verloren gegangen!“, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, es sagen aber Zeugen wider ihn aus, dass er ihn verzehrt hat, so muss er den Wert bezahlen; gesteht er es von selbst ein, so muss er die Hauptschuld, (noch) ein Fünftel (dazu) und ein Schuldopfer entrichten. (Fragt Jener:) „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „er ist gestohlen worden!“, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, es sagen aber Zeugen wider ihn aus, dass er ihn gestohlen hat, so muss er Doppel - Ersatz leisten; gesteht er es von selbst ein, so muss er die Hauptschuld, (noch) ein Fünftel (dazu) und ein Schuldopfer entrichten.",
+ "Sagt Jemand zu Einem auf der Straße: „wo ist mein Ochs, den du gestohlen hast?“, dieser sagt: „ich habe nicht gestohlen!“, es sagen aber Zeugen wider ihn aus, dass er ihn gestohlen hat; so muss er Doppel-Ersatz, und wenn er ihn geschlachtet oder verkauft hat, den vier- oder fünffachen Ersatz leisten. Sieht er aber, dass Zeugen langsam herankommen, und sagt: „ich habe (ihn) gestohlen, aber nicht geschlachtet und nicht verkauft!“, so bezahlt er nur die Hauptschuld.",
+ "Sagt Jemand zum Entleiher: „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „er ist gestorben!“, er ist aber gebrochen, gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gebrochen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gefangen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gestohlen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gestohlen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gefangen, gebrochen oder verloren worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist verloren gegangen!“ er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gefangen oder gestohlen worden; (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei.",
+ "(Fragt Jener) „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „ich weiß nicht, was du schwatzest!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gebrochen, gefangen, gestohlen oder verloren worden, (darauf Jener?) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er schuldig. Sagt Jemand zum Lohn-Hüter oder zum Mieter: „wo ist mein Ochs?“, dieser sagt zu ihm: „er ist gestorben!“, er ist aber gebrochen oder gefangen worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gebrochen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben oder gefangen worden; (oder er sagt:) „er ist gefangen worden!“, er ist aber gestorben, oder gebrochen worden, (oder er sagt:) „er ist gestohlen worden!“, er ist aber verloren gegangen; (oder er sagt:) „er ist verloren gegangen!“ er ist aber gestohlen worden; (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“; so ist er frei. (Sagt dieser aber:) „er ist gestorben“ — „er ist gebrochen worden“ — oder: „er ist gefangen worden“, er ist aber gestohlen oder verloren worden, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“; so ist er schuldig. (Sagt dieser:) „er ist verloren gegangen“ — oder: „er ist gestohlen worden“, er ist aber gestorben, gebrochen oder gefangen worden, (darauf Jener:) „ich beschwöre dich!“, und dieser sagt: „Amen!“, so ist er frei. Dies ist die Regel: Wer lügt (und dadurch) von Schuld zur Schuld oder von Freiheit zur Freiheit oder von Freiheit zur Schuld (kommt), der ist frei; (wenn er aber dadurch) von Schuld zur Freiheit (kommt), so ist er schuldig. [Dies ist die Regel: Wer schwört, und sich dadurch Erleichterung verschafft, der ist schuldig; wer aber dadurch für sich Erschwerung bewirkt, der ist frei]."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b98204ce7fc4205739db1a14926b9ea168bc166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Oaths are of two kinds, subdivided into four; The laws concerning the discovery of having contracted uncleanness are of two kinds, subdivided into four; The laws concerning carrying on the Sabbath are of two kinds, subdivided into four. The symptoms of negas are of two kinds, subdivided into four.",
+ "Where there is knowledge at the beginning and at the end but forgetfulness between, a “sliding scales” sacrifice is brought. Where there is knowledge at the beginning but not at the end, the goat which is [sacrificed and its blood sprinkled] within [the Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonement] together with the Day of Atonement itself hold the sin in suspense until it become known to the sinner, and he brings the “sliding scale” sacrifice.",
+ "Where there is no knowledge at the beginning but there is knowledge at the end, the goat sacrificed on the outer altar together with the day of atonement bring atonement, for it says: “[one he-goat for a sin-offering] beside the sin-offering of atonement” (Numbers 29:1: for that which this goat [prepared inside the Holy of Holies] atones this goat [prepared outside] atones: just as the ‘inner’ goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the beginning], so the “outer” goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the end].",
+ "Where there is no knowledge [of the impurity] either at the beginning or at the end, the goats offered as sin-offerings on festivals and new months bring atonement, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Shimon says: “The festival goats atone [for such sins] and not the new moon goats. And for what do the new month goats bring atonement? For a pure man who ate impure holy food.” Rabbi Meir says: “All the goats have equal powers of atonement for imparting impurity to the Temple and holy food. Rabbi Shimon used to say: “The new month goats bring atonement for a pure man who ate impure holy food; and the festival goats atone for transgression of the laws of impurity where there was no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end; and the ‘outer’ goat of the Day of Atonement atones for transgression of these laws where there was no knowledge at the beginning but there was knowledge at the end. They said to him: “Is it permitted to offer up the goat set apart for one day on another?” He said to them: “Let it be offered.” They said to him: “Since they are not equal in the atonement they bring how can they take each other's place?” He replied: “They are all at least equal [in the wider sense] in that they bring atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food.”",
+ "Rabbi Shimon ben Judah said in his name [of Rabbi Shimon (bar Yohai)]: “The new month goats bring atonement for a pure person who ate impure holy food; the festival goats, in addition to bringing atonement for a pure person who ate impure holy food, atone also for a case where there was no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end; the ‘outer’ goat of the Day of Atonement, in addition to bringing atonement for a pure person who ate impure holy food and for a case where there was no knowledge either at the beginning or at the end, atones also for a case where there was no knowledge at the beginning but there was knowledge at the end. They said to him: “Is it permitted to offer up the goat set apart for one day on another?” He said, “Yes.” They [further] said to him: “Granted that the Day of Atonement goat may be offered up on the new month, but how can the new month goat be offered up on the Day of Atonement to bring atonement for a sin that is not within its scope?” He replied: “They are all at least equal [in the wider sense] in that they bring atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food.”",
+ "For intentional transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food, the goat offered inside [the Holy of Holies] on the Day of Atonement together with the Day of Atonement itself bring atonement. For other transgressions of the Torah, light and grave, intentional and unintentional, known and unknown, positive and negative, those punishable by kareth and those punishable by death imposed by the court for all these the scapegoat [sent out on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement.",
+ "[The scapegoat] brings atonement to Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest alike. What [then] is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest? [None], save that the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement to the priests for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food. Rabbi Shimon says: “Just as the blood of the goat that is offered within [the Holy of Holies] brings atonement for Israelites, so the blood of the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement for priests; and just as the confession of sins pronounced over the scapegoat brings atonement for Israelites, so the confession pronounced over the bullock brings atonement for priests."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The laws concerning the discovery of having contracted uncleanness are of two kinds, subdivided into four;[If] he became impure and was aware of it, then he forgot that he had been impure, though he remembered that the food was holy; [If the fact that it was] holy food was unknown to him, though he remembered that he was impure; [If] both were unknown to him; And he ate holy food, and was not aware, and after he had eaten, he became aware: in these cases he brings a sliding scale sacrifice. [[If] he became impure and was aware of it, then he forgot that he had been impure, though he remembered that [he was entering] the Temple; [If the fact that he was entering] the Temple was unknown to him, though he remembered that he was impure; [If] both were hidden from him; And he entered the Temple and was not aware, and after he had gone out, became aware: in these cases he brings a sliding scale sacrifice.",
+ "It is the same whether one [while impure] enters the Temple court or the addition to the Temple court, for additions are not made to the city [of Jerusalem], or to the Temple courts except by the king, prophet, Urim and Thummim, the Sanhedrin of seventy one, and with two [loaves] of thanksgiving, and with song. And the court walks in a procession, the two [loaves] of thanksgiving [being carried] after them, and all Israel [following] behind them. The inner one is eaten, and the outer one is burnt. And as to any addition that was made without all these he who enters it [while impure] is not liable.",
+ "If he became impure while in the Temple court [and was aware of it], and then forgot that he was impure, though he remembered that he was in the Temple; [Or] he forgot that he was in the Temple, though he remembered that he was impure; [Or,] he forgot both; And he prostrated himself, or waited [in the Temple] the time it takes to prostrate; Or went out the long way, he is liable; [If he went out] the shorter way, he is not liable; This is the positive precept concerning the temple for which they [the court] are not liable.",
+ "And which is the positive precept concerning a menstruant for which they are liable? [This:] if one cohabited with a [ritually] pure woman, and she said to him: “I have become impure”, and he withdrew immediately, he is liable, because his withdrawal is as pleasant to him as his entry.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer said: “[Scripture says: ‘If any one touch… the carcass of] an impure creeping thing, and it be unknown to him’ (Leviticus 5:2), when the impure creeping thing is unknown to him, he is liable; but he is not liable, when the [fact that he is in the] Temple is unknown to him.” Rabbi Akiba said: “[Scripture says:] ‘and it be hidden from him that he is impure’: when his impurity is unknown to him, he is liable; but he is not liable, when the [fact that he is in the] Temple is unknown to him.” Rabbi Ishmael said: “[Scripture] twice [says:] ‘and it be hidden from him’, in order to make him liable both for the forgetfulness of the impurity and the forgetfulness of the Temple.”"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Oaths are two, subdivided into four. “I swear I shall eat”, and “[I swear] I shall not eat”; “[I swear] I have eaten”, and “[I swear] I have not eaten”. “I swear I shall not eat”, and he ate [even] a minute quantity, he is liable, the words of Rabbi Akiva. They [the Sages] said to Rabbi Akiva: “Where do we find that he who eats a minute quantity is liable, that this one should be liable?” Rabbi Akiba said to them: “But where do we find that he who [merely] speaks brings a sacrifice, that this one should bring a sacrifice?” [If a man says,] “I swear I shall not eat” and he ate and drank, he is liable only once. “I swear I shall not eat and I shall not drink,” and he ate and drank, he is liable twice.",
+ "“I swear I shall not eat,” and he ate wheat bread, barley bread, and spelt bread, he is liable only once. “I swear I shall not eat wheat bread, barley bread, and spelt bread,” and he ate [all three], he is liable for each one.",
+ "“I swear I shall not drink,” and he drank many liquids, he is liable only once. “I swear I shall not drink wine, oil, and honey,” and he drank [all three], he is liable for each one.",
+ "“I swear I shall not eat,” and he ate foods which are not fit to be eaten, and drank liquids which are not fit to be drunk, he is exempt. “I swear I shall not eat,” and he ate carrion, trefot, and reptiles and creepy things, he is liable. Rabbi Shimon exempts him. He said, “I vow that my wife shall not benefit from me, if I have eaten today,” and he had eaten carrion, trefot, forbidden animals, or reptiles, his wife is prohibited to him.",
+ "It is the same [whether he swears of] things concerning himself, or of things concerning others, or of things which have substance, or of things which have no substance. How so? [If] he said, “I swear that I shall give to so-and-so”, or “I shall not give”; “I have given”, or “I have not given”; “I shall sleep”, or “I shall not sleep”; “I have slept”, or “I have not slept”; “I shall throw a pebble into the sea”, or “I shall not throw”; “I have thrown”, or “I have not thrown”; [he is liable.] Rabbi Ishmael says: “He is liable only for [an oath with regards to] the future, for it says, “To do bad or to do good” (Leviticus 5:4). Rabbi Akiva said to him: “If so, we would know only such cases where doing evil and doing good are applicable; but how do we know such cases where doing evil and doing good are not applicable? He said to him: “From the amplification of the verse.” He said to him: “If the verse amplifies for that, it amplifies for this also.”",
+ "If he swore to annul a commandment, and did not annul it, he is exempt. [If he swore] to fulfill [a commandment], and did not fulfill it, he is exempt. For it would have been logical [in the second instance] that he should have been liable, as is the opinion of Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra. [For] Rabbi Judah ben Bathyra said, “Now, if for [swearing with regards to] an optional matter, for which he is not adjured from Mount Sinai, he is liable [should he not fulfill his oath], for [swearing with regards to] a commandment, for which he is adjured from Mount Sinai, he should most certainly be liable [should he not fulfill his oath]! They said to him: “No! If you say that for an oath with regards to an optional matter [he is liable], it is because [Scripture] has in that case made negative equal to positive [for liability]; But how can you say that for an oath [to fulfill] a commandment [he is liable], since [Scripture] has not in that case made negative equal to positive, for if he swore to annul [a commandment], and did not annul it, he is exempt!",
+ "“I swear I shall not eat this loaf”; “I swear I shall not eat it”; “I swear I shall not eat it”; and he ate it, he is liable only once. This is the oath of utterance, for which one is liable, for its willful transgression, flogging; and for its unwitting transgression, a sliding scale sacrifice. For a vain oath one is liable for willful transgression, flogging, and for unwitting transgression one is exempt.",
+ "What is a vain oath?If he swore that which is contrary to the facts known to people, saying of a pillar of stone that it is of gold; or of a man that he is a woman; or of a woman that she is a man. If he swore concerning a thing which is impossible, [for instance if he said,] “If I have not seen a camel flying in the air”, or “If I have not seen a serpent as thick as the beam of the olive press”. If he said to witnesses, “Come and bear testimony for me”, [and they replied,] “We swear that we will not bear testimony for you”. If he swore to annul a commandment, [for example] not to make a sukkah, or not to take a lulav, or not to put on tefillin. These are vain oaths, for which one is liable, for intentional transgression, lashes, and for unintentional transgression one is exempt.",
+ "[If one said:] “I swear I shall eat this loaf”; [and then he said,] “I swear I shall not eat it,” the first is an oath of utterance, and the second is a vain oath. If he ate it, he transgressed the vain oath; if he did not eat it, he transgressed the oath of utterance.",
+ "The oath of utterance applies to men and women, to relatives and non-relatives, to those qualified [to bear witness] and those not qualified, [whether uttered] before the court, or not before the court, [but it must be uttered] with a man’s own mouth. And he is liable, for intentional transgression, lashes, and for unintentional transgression, a sliding scale sacrifice.",
+ "A vain oath applies to men and women, to relatives and non-relatives, to those qualified [to bear witness] and those not qualified, [whether uttered] before the court, or not before the court, [but it must be uttered] with a man's own mouth. And he is liable, for intentional transgression, stripes, and for unintentional transgression he is exempt. [In the case of] both this and that [oath], if he was adjured by the mouth of others, he is liable. How so? If he said, “I have not eaten today,” or, “I have not put on tefillin today” [and the another person said,] “I adjure thee,” and he said, “Amen!”, he is liable [if his oath was false]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The oath of testimony applies to men and not to women, to non-relatives and not to relatives, to those qualified [to bear witness] and not to those unqualified. And it applies only to those eligible to bear witness. Whether [uttered] in front of the court or not in front of the court, if [uttered] with his own mouth; [but if adjured] by the mouth of others he is not liable unless he denies it before the court, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: “Whether [uttered] with his own mouth or [adjured] by the mouth of others he is not liable unless he denies it before the court.”",
+ "And they are liable for intentional transgression of the oath, and for its unintentional transgression coupled with intentional [denial of knowledge of] testimony, but they are not liable for unintentional transgression. And what are they liable for the intentional transgression of the oath? A sliding scale sacrifice.",
+ "The oath of testimony: How is it done? If he said to two [persons]: “Come and bear testimony for me”; [and they replied:] “We swear we know no testimony for you”; Or they said to him: “We know no testimony for you”, [and he said:] “I adjure you” and they said, “Amen! “, they are liable. If he adjured them five times outside the court, and the they came to the court and admitted [knowledge of testimony], they are exempt. If they denied, they are liable for each [oath]. If he adjured them five times before the court, and they denied [knowledge of testimony], they are liable only once. Said Rabbi Shimon: “What is the reason? Because they cannot afterwards admit [knowledge].",
+ "If both [persons] denied [knowledge] together, they are both liable. If one after another, the first is liable, and the second exempt. If one denied, and the other admitted, the one who denied is liable. If there were two sets of witnesses, and the first denied, and then the second denied, they are both liable, because the testimony could be upheld by [either of] the two.",
+ "“I adjure you that you come and bear testimony for me that there are of mine in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, a loan, a stolen object, and a lost object”; [And they respond]: “We swear we know no testimony for you”, they are liable only once. “We swear we know not that there are of yours in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, a loan, a stolen object, and a lost object”, they are liable for each one. “I adjure you that you bear testimony for me that there is of mine in the possession of so-and-so a deposit of wheat, barley, and spelt”; [And they respond]: “We swear we know no testimony for you”, they are liable only once. “We swear we know no testimony for you that there is of yours in the possession of so-and-so a deposit of wheat, barley, and spelt”, they are liable for each one.",
+ "“I adjure you that you come and bear testimony for me that so-and-so owes me full damages, or half damages, or double payment, or four or five payment; Or that so-and-so raped my daughter, or seduced my daughter; Or that my son struck me; Or that my neighbor injured me, or set fire to my haystack on the Day of Atonement”; [And they deny knowledge of testimony] they are liable.",
+ "\"I adjure you that you come and bear testimony for me that I am a priest, or, that I am a levite, or, that I am not the son of a divorced woman, or, that I am not the son of a halutzah; That so-and-so is a priest, or, that so-and-so is a levite, or, that he is not the son of a divorced woman, or, that he is not the son of a halutzah; That so-and-so violated his daughter, or seduced his daughter; That my son injured me; That my neighbor injured me, or set fire to my haystack on the Sabbath\" [And they deny knowledge of testimony] they are exempt.",
+ "[If a man said,] “I adjure you that you come and bear testimony for me that so-and-so promised to give me two hundred zuz, and did not give me”, they are exempt, for they are liable only for a money claim as [in the case of] deposit.",
+ "“I adjure you that, when you know any testimony for me, you should come and bear testimony for me,” they are exempt, because the oath preceded the testimony.",
+ "[If] he stood in the synagogue and said, “I adjure you that if you know any testimony for me you should come and bear testimony for me”, they are exempt unless he directs himself to them.",
+ "If he said to two [persons]: “I adjure you, so-and-so and so-and-so, that if you know any testimony for me you should come and bear testimony for me”: [And they replied,] “We swear we know no testimony for you”, and they did know testimony for him, [but it was evidence of] one witness from the mouth of another witness; or if one of them was a relative or [otherwise] ineligible [as a witness], they are exempt.",
+ "If he sent by the hand of his servant, or if the defendant said to them: “I adjure you that if you know any testimony for him you should come and bear testimony for him”, they are exempt, until they hear [the adjuration] direct from the claimant.",
+ " [If he said]: \"I adjure you\"; \"I command you\"; \"I bind you\"; they are liable. \"By heaven and earth!\", they are exempt. \"By Alef Daleth\"; \"By Yod He\"; \"By God Almighty\"; \"By The Lord of Hosts; \"By the Merciful and Gracious one\"; \"By the Long Suffering One\"; \"By the One Abounding in Kindness\"; or by any of the substitutes [for the name], they are liable. He who blasphemes by any of them is liable, according to the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages exempt him. He who curses his father or mother by any of them is liable according to the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages exempt him. He who curses himself or his neighbor by any of them transgresses a negative precept. [If he said,] \"May God smite you\"; or \"Yea, may God smite you\"; this is the curse written in the Torah. \"May [God] not smite you\"; or \"May he bless you\"; Or \"May he do good unto you [if you bear testimony for me]\": Rabbi Meir makes [them] liable, and the Sages exempt [them]."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The oath of deposit applies to men and women, to non-relatives and relatives, to those qualified [to bear testimony] and those unqualified; before the court and not before the court, [if uttered] from his own mouth. And [if adjured] by the mouth of others, he is not liable unless he denies it before the court, according to the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say, whether [uttered] from his own mouth or [adjured] by the mouth of others since he denied it, he is liable. And he is liable for intentional transgression of the oath, and for its unintentional transgression coupled with intentional [denial of having received the] deposit, but he is not liable for unintentional transgression. And what is he liable for the intentional transgression of the oath? A guilt offering of [the value of] two shekels of silver.",
+ "The oath of deposit how? If he said to him: “Give me my deposit which I have in your possession” [and the other replied:] “I swear that you have nothing in my possession”; or he replied to him; “You have nothing in my possession,” [and the depositor said:] “I adjure you”, and he responded, “Amen!”, he is liable. If he adjured him five times, whether before the court or not before the court, and he denied, he is liable for each one. Rabbi Shimon said: “What is the reason? Because he can retract and admit.”",
+ "If five claimed from him, and said to him: “Give us the deposit that we have in your possession,” [and he replied:] “I swear that you have nothing in my possession,” he is liable only once. [If he said:] “I swear that you have nothing in my possession, nor you, nor you,” he is liable for each one. Rabbi Eliezer says: “Only if he says, ‘I swear’ at the end.” Rabbi Shimon says: “Only if he says, ‘I swear’ to each one.” “Give me the deposit, loan, theft, and lost object that I have in your possession,” [and he replied], “I swear that you do not have these in my possession,” he is liable only once. “I swear that you do not have in my possession a deposit, a loan, a theft, and a lost object,” he is liable for each one. “Give me the wheat, barley, and spelt that I have in your possession”, [and he replied], “I swear that you do not have these in my possession,” he is liable only once. “I swear that you do not have in my possession wheat, barley, and spelt,” he is liable for each one. Rabbi Meir said: “Even if he said, ‘... A grain of wheat, barley and spelt,’ he is liable for each one.",
+ "“You raped or seduced my daughter” and the other says, “I did not rape, nor seduce,” “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is liable. Rabbi Shimon exempts him, for he does not pay a fine on his own admission. They said to him: “Even though he does not pay a fine on his own admission, he still pays for the shame and blemish [to the girl], based on his own admission.",
+ "“You stole my ox,” and he says, “I have not stolen it” “I adjure You,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is liable. “I have stolen it, but I have not killed it or sold it”, “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is exempt. “Your ox killed my ox,” and he says, “It did not kill [your ox]”, “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is liable. “Your ox killed my slave,” and he says, “It did not kill [your slave]”, “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is exempt. He said to him, “You injured me, or bruised me,” and the other says, “I have not injured you or bruised you,” “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is liable. His slave said to him, “You knocked out my tooth, or blinded my eye,” and he said, “I did not knock out [your tooth], or blind [your eye],’ “I adjure you,” and he responds, “Amen!” he is exempt. This is the principle: whenever he pays on his own admission, he is liable; and when he does not pay on his own admission, he is exempt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The oath of the judges [is imposed when] the claim is [at least] two silver coins, and the admission the equivalent of a perutah. And if the admission is not of the same kind as the claim, he is exempt. How is this so? “Two silver ma’ahs of mine are in your possession,” [and the other replies], “I have nothing of yours in my possession except a perutah,” he is exempt. “Two silver ma’ahs of mine and a perutah are in your possession,” [and the other replies,] “I have nothing of yours in my possession except a perutah,” he is liable. “A hundred denarii of mine are in your possession”, [and the other replies], “I have nothing of yours,” he is exempt. “A hundred denarii of mine are in your possession”, [and the other replies], “I have of yours only fifty denarii,” he is liable. “You have of my father’s a hundred denarii”, [and the other replies], “I have of his only fifty denarii”, he is exempt, because it is as if he restores a lost object.",
+ "“You have of mine a hundred denarii”, he said to him, “Yes.” The next day he said to him, “Give them to me”, [and he replied,] “I have given them to you,” he is exempt. [If he says,] “Nothing of yours is in my possession,” he is liable. “You have of mine a hundred denarii”, he said to him, “Yes”. [And then he said], “Do not give them to me except before witnesses.” The next day he said to him, “Give them to me;” [and he replied,] “I have given them to you,” he is liable, because he should have given them to him before witnesses.",
+ "“You have of mine a litra of gold”, [and he replies], “I have of yours only a litra of silver,” he is exempt. “You have of mine a golden denar”, [and he replies], “I have of yours only a silver denar, or a tresis, or a pundion, or a perutah”, he is liable, for all are one kind of coinage. “You have of mine a kor of grain”, [and he replies], “I have of yours only a letek of beans”, he is exempt. “You have of mine a kor of produce”, [and he replies], “I have of yours only a letek of beans,” he is liable, for beans are included in produce. If he claimed from him wheat, and the other admitted barley, he is exempt. But Rabban Gamaliel makes him liable. If he claims from his neighbor jars of oil, and he admits [his claim to the empty] jars, Admon says, since he admits to him a portion of the same kind as the claim, he must swear. But the sages say, the admission is not of the same kind as the claim. Rabban Gamaliel said, “I approve the words of Admon. If he claims from him vessels and lands, and he admits the vessels, but denies the lands; or admits the lands, but denies the vessels, he is exempt. If he admits a portion of the lands, he is exempt; a portion of the vessels, he is liable because properties for which there is no security bind properties for which there is security to take an oath for them.",
+ "No oath is imposed in a claim by a deaf-mute, imbecile, or minor. And no oath is imposed on a minor. But an oath is imposed when a claim is lodged against a minor, or against the Temple’s property.",
+ "And these are the things for which no oath is imposed: slaves, bonds, lands, and dedicated objects. [The law of] paying double, or four or five times the value, does not apply to them. An unpaid guardian does not take an oath, and a paid guardian does not pay. Rabbi Shimon says: “For dedicated objects for which he is responsible an oath is imposed and for [dedicated objects] for which he is not responsible an oath is not imposed.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: “There are things which are [attached] to land, but are not like land.” But the sages do not agree with him. How so? [If one says,] “Ten vines laden with fruit I delivered to you” and the other says, “There were only five”; Rabbi Meir makes him take an oath; But the Sages say: “All that is attached to land is like land.” An oath is imposed only for a thing [defined] by size, weight, or number. How so? [If one says,] “A store room full [of produce] I delivered to you,” or “A purse full [of money] I delivered to you” – and the other says, “I do not know; but what you left you may take,” he is exempt. If one says, “[I gave you produce reaching] up to the moulding [above the window],” and the other says, “Only up to the window,” he is liable.",
+ "If a man lends [money] to his neighbor on a pledge, and the pledge was lost, and he said to him: “I lent you a sela on it, and it [the pledge] was worth a shekel,” and the other says, “No! You lent me a sela on it, and it was worth a sela”, he is exempt. “I lent you a sela” on it, and it was worth a shekel,” and the other says, “No! You lent me a sela on it, and it was worth three denarii,” he is liable. “You lent me a sela on it, and it was worth two,” and the other says, “No! I lent you a sela on it, and it was worth a sela”,” he is exempt. “You lent me a sela on it, and it was worth two,” and the other says: “No! I lent you a sela on it, and it was worth five denarii,” he is liable. And who takes the oath? He who had the deposit, lest, if the other take the oath, this one may bring out the deposit."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All whom the Torah obligates to take an oath, take an oath, and do not pay. But these take an oath, and receive [payment]: the hired laborer, he who has been robbed, he who has been wounded, and he whose opponent is suspected of taking a false oath, and the shopkeeper with his account book. “The hired laborer” How so? [If] he says to him [his employer], “Give me my wages which you owe me,” and he replies, “I have given,” and the other says, “I have not received it,” he [the laborer] takes an oath and collects his wages. Rabbi Judah says: “[There is no oath] unless there is partial admission: How so? If he says to him, “Give me my wages, fifty denarii, which you owe me,” and the other says, “You have received a gold denar (25 silver denar).”",
+ "“He who has been robbed” How so? If they testified of a man that he entered into another’s house to take a pledge without permission, and the other says, “You have taken my vessels, and he says, “I have not taken them,” he takes an oath, and takes back his vessels. Rabbi Judah says: “[There is no oath] unless there is partial admission: How so? He said to him, “You have taken two vessels,” and the other says, “I have taken only one.”",
+ "“He who has been wounded,” How so? If they testified about a person that another went onto his property whole, and came out wounded, and he said to him, “You have wounded me,” and the other said, “I have not wounded you,” he takes an oath, and receives [damages]. R. Judah says: “[There is no oath] unless there is partial admission: How so? He said to him, you have inflicted on me two wounds,” and the other said, “I inflicted on you only one wound.”",
+ "“He whose opponent is suspected of taking a false oath,” How so? Whether it be the oath of testimony, or the oath of deposit, or even a vain oath. If one [of the litigants] was a dice-player, or usurer, or pigeon-flyer, or dealer in the produce of the seventh year, his opponent takes the oath and collects [his claim]. If both are suspect, the oath returns to its place, these are the words of Rabbi Yose. Rabbi Meir says: “They divide [the claim].”",
+ "“And the shopkeeper with his account book,” How so? Not that he [the shopkeeper] says to him [the customer], “It is written in my account book that you owe me two hundred zuz”. Rather he [the customer] says to him [the shopkeeper], “Give my son two seahs of wheat,” or, “Give my laborer small change to the value of a sela” and then he says, “I have given,” and they say, “We have not received”; he [the shopkeeper] takes an oath, and receives [his due from the customer]. And they take an oath, and receive [their due]. Ben Nanas said: “How can both be permitted to come to a vain oath? Rather he takes without an oath, and they take without an oath.”",
+ "If he said to a shopkeeper, “Give me fruit for a denar,” and he gave him, and then the shopkeeper said to him, “Give me the denar”, and he replied to him, “I gave it to you, and you placed it in the till”, the customer takes an oath. If he gave him the denar, and said to him, “Give me the fruit,” and the shopkeeper says to him, “I have given it to you, and you took it to your house,” the shopkeeper takes an oath. Rabbi Judah says: “He who has the fruit in his possession, has the advantage.” If he said to a money-changer, “Give me change for a denar,” and he gave him; and said to him, “Give me the denar,” and the other said, “I have given it to you, and you placed it in the till,” the customer takes an oath. If he gave him the denar, and said to him, “Give me the small change,” and the other said to him, “I have given it to you, and you threw it in your purse,” the money -changer takes an oath. Rabbi Judah says: “It is not usual for a money-changer to give [even] an issar until he receives the denar.”",
+ "So too they have said that she who impairs her kethubah [by admitting that it had already been partially paid] cannot receive [the remainder of the] payment except on oath; And that if one witness testifies against her that it [the kethubah] has been paid [in full], she cannot receive payment except on oath; And that from assigned property or orphans’ property she cannot exact payment [for her kethubah] except on oath; And that if she claims [her kethubah] not in his presence, she cannot receive payment except on oath. So, too, orphans cannot receive payment except on oath [namely]: “We swear that our father did not enjoin in his will, neither did our father say unto us, nor did we find [written] among the documents of our father that this document is paid.” Rabbi Yochanan ben Beroka says: “Even if the son was born after his father’s death he may take an oath, and collect his claim.” Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: “If there are witnesses that the father said at the time of his death that this document was not paid, he receives [his claim] without an oath.”",
+ "And these take an oath though there is no [definite] claim: partners, tenants, guardians, the wife who transacts the affairs in the house, and the son of the house. [If] he said to him, “What do you claim of me?”, [and the other replied,] “I want you to swear to me”, he must take an oath. If the partners or tenants had divided, he cannot impose an oath upon them. If an oath was imposed upon him in another case, they impose upon him the whole. And the seventh year cancels the oath."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are four kinds of guardians: an unpaid guardian, a borrower, a paid guardian and a hirer. An unpaid guardian may take an oath [that he had not been neglectful] in every case [of loss or damage and be free of liability]. A borrower must make restitution in every case. A paid guardian or a hirer may take an oath if the beast was injured, or taken captive or dead, but he must make restitution if it was lost or stolen.",
+ "If he [the owner] said to the unpaid guardian, “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “It died,” whereas in reality it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied], “It was injured,” whereas in reality it died or was captured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was captured,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was stolen,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was lost,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or stolen; [And the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “amen”, he is exempt [from having to bring a sacrifice for a false oath].",
+ "[If the owner said,] “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “I do not know what you are talking about,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost, [and the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen”, he is exempt. [If the owner said,] “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “It was lost”; [and the owner said,] “I adjure you”, and he said, “Amen”, and witnesses testify against him that he had consumed it, he pays the principal; if he confessed himself, he pays the principal, a fifth, and brings a guilt-offering. [If the owner said,] “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “It was stolen;” [and the owner said,] “I adjure you, and he said, “Amen”, and witnesses testify against him that he himself stole it, he pays double; if he confessed himself, he pays the principal, fifth, and brings a guilt-offering.",
+ "If a man said to one in the market, “Where is my ox which you have stolen?” and he replied, “I did not steal it,” and witnesses testified against him that he did steal it, he pays double. If he killed it or sold it, he pays four or five times its value. If he saw witnesses coming nearer and nearer, and he said, “I did steal it, but I did not kill or sell it,” he pays only the principal.",
+ "If he [the owner] said to the borrower, “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “It died,” whereas in reality it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was injured,” whereas in reality it died or was captured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was captured”, whereas in reality it died or was injured or stolen or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was stolen”, whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or lost; [Or he replied,] “It was lost”, whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or stolen; [And the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen,” he is exempt.",
+ "[If the owner said,] “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “I do not know what you are talking about,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost; [and the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen,” he is liable. If he said to a paid guardian, or hirer, “Where is my ox?” and he replied to him, “It died,” whereas in reality it was injured or captured; [Or he replied,] “It was injured,” whereas in reality it died or was captured; [Or he replied,] “It was captured,” whereas in reality it died or was injured; [Or he replied,] “It was stolen”, whereas in reality it was lost; [Or he replied,] “It was lost,” whereas in reality it was stolen; [And the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen,” he is exempt. [If he replied,] “It died,” or, “It was injured,” or, “It was captured,” whereas in reality it was stolen or lost; [And the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen,” he is liable. [If he replied,] “It was lost,” or, “It was stolen,” whereas in reality it died or was injured or captured; [And the owner said,] “I adjure you,” and he said, “Amen,” he is exempt. This is the principle: he who [by lying] changes from liability to liability or from exemption to exemption, or from exemption to liability, is exempt; From liability to exemption, is liable. This is the principle: he who takes an oath to make it more lenient for himself, is liable; to make it more stringent for himself, is exempt."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Open Mishnah.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Open Mishnah.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06a8dcea3aa84013575712af3af8074b4adb14c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Open Mishnah.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah",
+ "versionTitle": "Open Mishnah",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY-SA",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה פתוחה",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "[With regards to] oaths, there are two [types], which are [really] four; the [states of] awareness of impurity are of two [types], which are [really] four; the carrying [from one domain to the other] on Shabbat are of two [types], which are [really] four; the appearances of afflictions of the skin are of two [types], which are [really] four.",
+ "Any case where there is awareness at the beginning, and awareness at the end, and a period of unawareness in between, it is [atoned] by an Oleh veYored [a sliding-scale sin-offering where the economic status of the individual determines whether he brings an animal, a bird, or flour]. If there was awareness at the beginning, and not at the end, the goat which is performed inside [the Sanctuary] and the Day of Atonement defer [it]; until it becomes known to him [that he sinned], and he then must bring an Oleh veYored [a sliding-scale sin-offering where the economic status of the individual determines whether he brings an animal, a bird, or flour].",
+ "If there was no awareness at the beginning, but there awareness at the end, the goat which is performed outside [the Sanctuary] and the Day of Atonement atone; as the verse states \"Aside from the sin-offering of Atonement.\" (Bamidbar 29:11): for the one that this one atones, that one atones, just as the inside one only atones for a matter which has awareness, so the outside one only atones for a matter which has awareness.",
+ "Regarding [a case] when there was no awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, the goats of the Pilgrimage Festivals and the goats of the New Months atone; these are the words of Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Shimon says: The goats of the Pilgrimage Festivals atone, but not the goats of the New Months. What do the goats of the New Months atone? For a pure [clean] person who ate impure [food]. Rabbi Meir says: All the goats, their atonements are identical, regarding the impurity of the Temple and its sacred [objects]. Rabbi Shimon would say: The goats of the New Months atone for a pure person that ate impure [food], and those of the Pilgrimage Festivals atone for that which does not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, and those of the Day of Atonement atone for that which does not have awareness at the beginning, but has awareness at the end. They [the Sages] said to him [Rabbi Shimon]: What is [the ruling] whether they may offer one for the other? He said to them: They may be offered. They said to him: Since their atonements are not equivalent, how can they offer one for the other? He said to them: All of them come to atone for the impurity of the Temple and its sacred [objects].",
+ "Rabbi Shimon ben Yehudah says in his [Rabbi Shimon's] name, the goats of the New Months atone for a pure person who ate impure [food], in addition to them, those of the Pilgrimage Festivals, for it atones for a pure person who ate impure [food], and for that which does not have awareness neither at the beginning nor at the end; in addition to them, that of the Day of Atonement, for it atones for a pure person who ate impure [food], and for that which does not have awareness neither at the beginning nor at the end, and for that which does not have awareness at the beginning, but has awareness at the end; They said to him, What is [the ruling] whether they may offer one for the other? He said to them, \"Yes\". They said to him: If so, let those of the Day of Atonement be offered for the New Months, but how can those of the New Months be offered on the Day of Atonement to atone for an atonement that is not theirs? He said to them: All of them come to atone for the impurity of the Temple and its sacred [objects].",
+ "And regarding an intentional sin of the impurity of the Temple and its sacred [objects], the goat which was done inside and the Day of Atonement atone. Regarding the rest of transgressions that are in the Torah, minor ones and major ones, intentional ones and unintentional ones, whether he was cognizant or not cognizant, positive commandment and negative commandment, [sins punishable by] karetot [cut off from the Jewish nation] or the death penalty [imposed by the court] - the se'ir hamishtaleach [the scapegoat sent off a desert cliff for atonement on Yom Kippur] atones.",
+ "[This is the case] for Israelites, for Priests, and for an Anointed Priest. What is the difference between Israelites, Priests and an Anointed Priest? Only that the blood [service] of the bull atones for the Priests for the impurity of the Temple and its sacred [objects]. Rabbi Shimon says: Just as the blood [service] of the goat which was done inside atones for all Israel, so too the blood [service] of the bull atones for the Priests. Just as the confessions of the goat sent atones for Israel, so too the confessions of the bull atone for the Priests."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e8c8bc5124a50b82eb43da8cd8d15b418ad580e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "BEI DEN SCHWÜRENGIBT ES ZWEI ARTEN, DIE IN VIER ZERFALLEN. BEI DER UNREINHEIT GIBT ES ZWEI ARTEN DES BEWUSSTSEINS, DIE IN VIERZERFALLEN. BEIM SABBATHGESETZE GIBT ES ZWEI ARTEN DES HINAUSBRINGENS, DIE IN VIERZERFALLEN. BEI DEN AUSSATZMALEN GIBT ES ZWEI ARTEN, DIE IN VIERZERFALLEN.",
+ "WARAR BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN VORHERUND NACHHER, ZWISCHENDURCH ABER EIN ENTFALLEN, SO HAT MAN EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFERDARZUBRINGEN. WAR VORHER BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN, NICHT ABER BEWUSSTSEIN NACHHER, SO BRINGEN DER INNERHALB HERGERICHTETE BOCKUND DER VERSÖHNUNGSTAG DIE SÜNDE IN DIE SCHWEBE, UND WENN ER SICH DERSELBEN BEWUSST WIRD, SO BRINGE ER EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER DAR.",
+ "WAR VORHER KEIN BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN, WOHL ABER BEWUSSTSEIN NACHHER, SO SCHAFFEN IHM DER AUSSERHALB HERGERICHTETE BOCK UND DER VERSÖHNUNGSTAG SÜHNE, DENN ES HEISST: außer dem Sündopfer der Versöhnung, WOFÜR DER EINE SÜHNE SCHAFFT, SCHAFFT AUCH DER ANDERE SÜHNE: WIE DER INNERHALB HERGERICHTETE NUR FÄLLE SÜHNT, WOBEI BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR, EBENSO SÜHNT AUCH DER AUSSERHALB HERGERICHTETE NUR FÄLLE, WOBEI BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR.",
+ "WAR BEWUSSTSEIN WEDER VORHER NOCH NACHHER VORHANDEN, SO SCHAFFEN IHM DIE BÖCKE DER FESTTAGE UND DIE BÖCKE DER NEUMONDE SÜHNE – SO R. JEHUDA. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DIE BÖCKE DER FESTTAGE SCHAFFEN IHM SÜHNE, NICHT ABER DIE BÖCKE DER NEUMONDE; DIE BÖCKE DER NEUMONDE SÜHNEN NUR DEN FALL, WENN EIN REINER UNREINES GEGESSEN HAT. R. MEÍR SAGT, ALLE BÖCKE SÜHNEN GLEICHMÄSSIG DIE VERUNREINIGUNG DES HEILIGTUMS UND DER HEILIGEN OPFER. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: DIE BÖCKE DER NEUMONDE SÜHNEN DEN FALL, WENN EIN REINER UNREINES GEGESSEN HAT, UND DIE DER FESTTAGE DEN FALL, WENN WEDER VORHER NOCH NACHHER BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR, UND DER DES VERSÖHNUNGSTAGES DEN FALL, WENN VORHER KEIN BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR, WOHL ABER NACHHER. DIE WEISEN SPRACHEN ZU IHM: DÜRFEN SIE FÜR EINANDER DARGEBRACHTWERDEN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: SIE DÜRFEN DARGEBRACHT WERDEN. DA ENTGEGNETEN SIE IHM: WIESO DÜRFEN SIE FÜR EINANDER DARGEBRACHT WERDEN, WENN IHRE SÜHNE NICHT GLEICHMÄSSIG IST!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: ALLE SIND DAZU BESTIMMT, DIE VERUNREINIGUNG DES HEILIGTUMS UND DER HEILIGEN OPFER ZU SÜHNEN.",
+ "R. ŠIMO͑N B. JEḤUDA SAGTE IN SEINEM NAMEN: DIE BÖCKE DER NEUMONDE SÜHNEN DEN FALL, WENN EIN REINER UNREINES GEGESSEN HAT; MEHR ALS DIESE DIE DER FESTTAGE, DENN SIE SÜHNEN DEN FALL, WENN EIN REINER UNREINES GEGESSEN HAT, UND DEN FALL, WENN WEDER VORHER NOCH NACHHER BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR; UND MEHR ALS DIESE DER DES VERSÖHNUNGSTAGES, DENN ER SÜHNT DEN FALL, WENN EIN REINER UNREINES GEGESSEN HAT, UND DEN FALL, WENN WEDER VORHER NOCH NACHHER BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR, UND DEN FALL, WENN VORHER KEIN BEWUSSTSEIN VORHANDEN WAR, WOHL ABER BEWUSSTSEIN NACHHER. DIE WEISEN SPRACHEN ZU IHM: DARF DER EINE FÜR DEN ANDEREN DARGEBRACHT WERDEN? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: JAWOHL. SIE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: WENN DEM SO IST, SO KÖNNEN ALLERDINGS DIE DES VERSÖHNUNGSTAGES AN NEUMONDEN DARGEBRACHT WERDEN, WIESO ABER KÖNNEN DIE DER NEUMONDE AM VERSÖHNUNGSTAGE DARGEBRACHT WERDEN UND EINE IHNEN NICHT INNEWOHNENDE SÜHNE ERWIRKEN!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: ALLE SIND DAZU BESTIMMT, DIE VERUNREINIGUNG DES HEILIGTUMS UND DER HEILIGEN OPFER ZU SÜHNEN.",
+ "DIE VORSÄTZLICHE VERUNREINIGUNG DES HEILIGTUMS UND DER HEILIGEN OPFER SÜHNEN DER INNERHALB HERGERICHTETE BOCK UND DER VERSÖHNUNG STAG. ANDERE IN DER TORA GENANNTE SÜNDEN, LEICHTE UND SCHWERE, VORSÄTZLICHE UND UNVORSÄTZLICHE, BEWUSSTE UND UNBEWUSSTE, GEBOTE UND VERBOTE, MIT DER AUSROTTUNG ODER MIT DER TODESSTRAFE DURCH DAS GERICHT BELEGTE, SÜHNT DER FORTGESCHICKTE SÜHNEBOCK.",
+ "JISRAÉLITEN, PRIESTER UND DER GESALBTE HOCHPRIESTER SIND HIERIN EINANDER GLEICH. EIN UNTERSCHIED ZWISCHEN JISRAÉLITEN, PRIESTERN UND DEM GESALBTEN HOCHPRIESTER BESTEHT DARIN, INDEM DER FARREDEN PRIESTERN SÜHNE SCHAFFT FÜR VERUNREINIGUNG DES HEILIGTUMS UND DER HEILIGEN OPFER. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: WIE DAS BLUT DES INNERHALB HERGERICHTETEN BOCKES DEN JISRAÉLITEN SÜHNE SCHAFFT, EBENSO SCHAFFT DAS BLUT DES FAHREN DEN PRIESTERN SÜHNE, UND WIE DAS SÜNDENBEKENNTNIS BEIM FORTZUSCIIICKENDEN BOCKE DEN JISRAÉLITEN SÜHNE SCHAFFT, EBENSO SCHAFFT DAS SÜNDENBEKENNTNIS BEIM FARREN DEN PRIESTERN SÜHNE."
+ ],
+ [
+ "BEI DER UNREINHEIT GIBT ES ZWEI ARTEN DES BEWUSSTSEINS, DIE INVIER ZERFALLEN. WENN JEMAND WUSSTE, DASS ER UNREIN GEWORDEN, DIES IHM ABER ENTFALLEN IST, JEDOCH KENNTNIS VON DER HEILIGKE IT HAT, ODER IHM DIE KENNTNIS DER HEILIGKEIT FEHLTE, JEDOCH KENNTNIS DER UNREINHEIT HAT, ODER IHM VON BEIDEM DIE KENNTNIS FEHLTE, UND ER OHNE KENNTNIS HEILIGES GEGESSEN, UND NACH DEM ESSEN KENNTNIS ERLANGT HAT, SO MUSS ER EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER DARBRINGEN. WENN ER WUSSTE, DASS ER UNREIN GEWORDEN, DIES IHM ABER ENTFALLEN IST, JEDOCH KENNTNIS DES HEILIGTUMS HAT, ODER IHM DIE KENNTNIS DES HEILIGTUMS FEHLTE, JEDOCH KENNTNIS DER UNREINHEIT HAT, ODER IHM VON BEIDEM DIE KENNTNIS FEHLTE, UND ER OHNE KENNTNIS IN DAS HEILIGTUM EINGETRETEN IST, UND NACH SEINEM HERAUSKOMMEN KENNTNIS ERLANGT HAT, SO MUSS ER EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER DARBRINGEN.",
+ "EINERLEI OB ER IN DEN TEMPELHOF SELBST ODER IN DEN ZU DIESEM HINZUGEFÜGTEN RAUM EINGETRETEN IST, DENN MAN DARF DIE STADT UND DEN TEMPELHOF ERWEITERN NUR MIT ZUSTIMMUNG DES KÖNIGS, DES PROPHETEN, DES ORAKELS, UND DES AUS EINUNDSIEBZIG MITGLIEDERN BESTEHENDEN SYNEDRIUMS, AUCH GEHÖREN DAZU ZWEI DANKOPFER UND GESANG; IHNENFOLGT DAS GERICHTSKOLLEGTUM MIT ZWEI DANKOPFERN HINTER IHNEN, UND GANZ JISRAÉL FOLGT HINTERHER. DAS INNERE WURDE GEGESSEN UND DAS ÄUSSERE VERBRANNT. IST BEI DER ERWEITERUNG DIES ALLES NICHT ERLIL FOLGT, SO IST, WER DA EINTRITT, NICHT SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND IM TEMPELHOFE UNREIN GEWORDEN UND DIES IHM ENTFALLEN IST, JEDOCH KENNTNIS HAT, DASS ER SICH IM HEILIGTUME BEFINDET, ODER IHM DIE KENNTNIS DES HEILIGTUMS ENTFALLEN IST, JEDOCH KENNTNIS DER UNREINHEIT HAT, ODER BEIDES IHM ENTFALLEN IST, UND ER SICH DA NIEDERWIRFT ODER DIE DAUER EINER NIEDERWERFUNG VERWEILT, ODER ER BEIM HINAUSGEHEN DEN WEITEREN WEG WÄHLT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, WENN ABER DEN KÜRZEREN, SO IST ER FREI. DIES IST EIN DAS HEILIGTUM BETREFFENDES GEIV BOT, WEGEN DESSEN ÜBERTRETUNG MAN NICHT SCHULDIG IST.",
+ "WELCHES IST DAS DIE MENSTRUATION BETREFFENDE GEBOT, WEGEN DESSEN ÜBERTRETUNG MAN SCHULDIG IST? WENN JEMAND DEN BEISCHLAF MIT EINER REINEN FRAU VOLLZIEHT UND SIE ZU IHM SAGT, SIE SEI UNREIN GEWORDEN, UND ER SICH SOFORT ZURÜCKZIEHT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, DENN DAS HERAUSZIEHEN GEWÄHRT IHM EINEN EBENSOLCHEN GENUSS WIE DAS HINEINBRINGEN.",
+ "R. ELIEZ͑ER SAGTE: ES HEISST: das Kriechtier &c. und es ihm entfällt, BEIM ENTFALLEN DES KRIECHTIERES IST MAN SCHULDIG, NICHT ABER IST MAN SCHULDIG BEIM ENTFALLEN DES HEILIGTUMS. R. A͑QIBA SAGTE: ES HEISST: und es ihm entfällt, und er ist unrein, BEIM ENTFALLEN DER UNREINHEIT IST MAN SCHULDIG, NICHT ABER IST MAN SCHULDIG BEIM ENTFALLEN DES HEILIGTUMS. R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SAGTE: ES HEISST ZWEIMAL und es ihm entfällt, DIES LEHRT, DASS MAN SOWOHL BEIM ENTFALLEN DER UNREINHEIT ALS AUCH BEIM ENTFALLEN DES HEILIGTUMS SCHULDIG SEI."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ES GIBT ZWEI ARTEN VON SCHWÜREN, DIE IN VIER ZERFALLEN; EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH ESSEN WERDE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE; DASS ICH GEGESSEN HABE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT GEGESSEN HABE. WENN ER GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND EIN MINIMUM GEGESSEN HAT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG – SO R. A͑QIBA. SIE SPRACHEN ZU R. A͑QIBA: WO FINDEN WIR DENN, DASS JEMAND WEGEN DES ESSENS EINES MINIMUMS SCHULDIG SEI, DASS DIESER SCHULDIG SEIN SOLLTE!? R. A͑QIBA ERWIDERTE IHNEN: WO FINDEN WIR DENN, DASS JEMAND WEGEN DES SPRECHENS EIN OPFER DARZUBRINGEN HAT!? WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND GEGESSEN UND GETRUNKEN HAT, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN UND NICHT TRINKEN WERDE, UND GEGESSEN UND GETRUNKEN HAT, SO IST ER ZWEIMAL SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND WEIZENBROT, GERSTENBROT UND DINKELBROT GEGESSEN HAT, SO 1ST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH WEDER WEIZENBROT NOCH GERSTENBROT NOCH DINKELBROT ESSEN WERDE, UND DIESE GEGESSEN HAT, SO IST ER WEGEN JEDES BESONDERS SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT TRINKEN WERDE, UND VERSCHIEDENE GETRÄNKE GETRUNKEN HAT, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH WEDER WEIN NOCH ÖL NOCH HONIG TRINKEN WERDE, UND DIESE GETRUNKEN HAT, SO IST ER WEGEN JEDES BEIV SONDERS SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND ZUM ESSEN UNGEEIGNETE SPEISEN GEGESSEN HAT, ODER ZUM TRINKEN UNGEEIGNETE GETRÄNKE GETRUNKEN HAT, SO IST ER FREI. WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND AAS, TOTVERLETZTES, EKEL- UND KRIECHTIERE GEGESSEN HAT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, UND NACH R. ŠIMO͑N FREI. SAGTE JEMAND: QONAM SEI MIR DER GENUSS VON MEINER FRAU, WENN ICH HEUTE GEGESSEN HABE, UND ER HATTE AAS, TOTVERLETZTES, EKEL- UND KRIECHTIERE GEGESSEN, SO IST IHM SEINE FRAU VERBOTEN.",
+ "EINERLEI OB DIE DINGE IHN SELBST ODER ANDERE BETREFFEN, EINERLEI OB DIE DINGE KONKRETE ODER ABSTRAKTE SIND. ZUM BEISPIEL: SAGT JEMAND: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH JENEM ETWAS GEBEN WERDE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT GEBEN WERDE; DASS ICH GEGEBEN HABE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT GEGEBEN HABE; DASS ICH SCHLAFEN WERDE, ODER: DASS ICH NIGHT SCHLAFEN WERDE; DASS ICH GESCHLAFEN HABE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT GESCHLAFEN HABE; DASS ICH EIN STEINCHEN INS MEER WERFEN WERDE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT WERFEN WERDE; DASS ICH GEWORFEN HABE, ODER: DASS ICH NICHT GEWORFEN HABE. R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SAGT, MAN SEI NUR WEGEN DES PROMISSORISCHEN SCHWURES SCHULDIG, DENN ES HEISST:Böses oder Gutes zu tun. R. A͑QIBA SPRACH ZU IHM: DEMNACH WEISS ICH DIES NUR VON FALLEN, WO ES ZUM BÖSEN ODER ZUM GUTEN ERFOLGT, WOHER DIES NUN VON FÄLLEN, WO ES NICHT ZUM BÖSEN ODER ZUM GUTEN ERFOLGT!? JENER ERWIDERTE: VON DER EINBEGREIFUNGDES SCHRIFTVERSES. DIESER ENTGEGNETE: WENN DIE SCHRIFT DAS EINE EINBEGREIFT, SO BEGREIFT SIE AUCH DAS ANDERE EIN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESCHWOREN HAT, EINE GESETZLICHE VORSCHRIFT ZU UNTERLASSEN, UND SIE NICHT UNTERLASSEN HAT, SO IST ER FREI; EINE AUSZUÜBEN, UND SIE NICHT AUSGEÜBT HAT, SO IST ER FREI. EIGENTLICH SOLLTE DURCH EINEN SCHLUSS GEFOLGERT WERDEN, DASS ER SCHULDIG SEI, UND ZWAR NACH EINER LEHRE DES R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA, DENN R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA SAGTE: WENN MAN SCHULDIGIST WEGEN EINES SCHWURES BETREFFEND FREIGESTELLTE HANDLUNGEN, ZU DENEN MAN NICHT SEIT DER GESETZGEBUNG AM BERGE SINAJ EIDLICH VERPFLICHTET IST, UM WIEVIEL MEHR IST MAN SCHULDIG WEGEN EINES SCHWURES BETREFFEND GESETZLICHE VORSCHRIFTEN, ZU DENEN MAN SEIT DER GESETZGEBUNG AM BERGE SINAJ EIDLICH VERPFLICHTET IST. MAN ERWIDERTE IHM: NEIN, WENN DIES BEI EINEM FREIGESTELLTE HANDLUNGEN BETREFFENDEN SCHWURE, BEI DEM DIE VERNEINUNG DER BEJAHUNG GLEICHT, DER FALL IST, SOLLTE DIES AUCH BEI EINEM GESETZLICHE VORSCHRIFTEN BETREFFENDEN SCHWURE DER FALL SEIN, BEI DEM DIE VERNEINUNG NIGHT DER BEJAHUNG GLEICHT!? WENN NÄMLICH JEMAND GESCHWOREN HAT, EINE SOLCHE ZU UNTERLASSEN, UND SIE NICHT UNTERLASSEN HAT, IST ER FREI.",
+ "WENN JEMAND GESAGT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH DIESEN LAIB NICHT ESSEN WERDE, EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH IHN NICHT ESSEN WERDE, EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH IHN NICHT ESSEN WERDE, UND IHN GEGESSEN HAT, SO IST ER NUR EINMALSCHULDIG. DIES IST EIN BEKRÄFTIGUNGSSCHWUR, WEGEN DESSEN VERLETZUNG MAN BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT SICH DER GEISSELUNG SCHULDIG MACHT UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER DARBRINGEN MUSS. WEGEN DES NICHTIGKEITSSCHWURES MACHT MAN SICH BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT DER GEISSELUNG SCHULDIG UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT IST MAN FREI.",
+ "WELCHER IST EIN NICHTIGKEITSSCHWUR? WENN JEMAND ETWAS BESCHWÖRT, UND ES DEN MENSCHEN BEKANNT IST, DASS ES ANDERS SEI: WENN ER VON EINER STEINSÄULE SAGT, SIE SEI AUS GOLD, VON EINEM MANNE, ER SEI EINE FRAU, ODER VON EINER FRAU, SIE SEI EIN MANN. FERNER, WENN JEMAND ETWAS UNMÖGLICHES BESCHWÖRT: WENN ICH NICHT EIN IN DER LUFT FLIEGENDES KAMEL GESEHEN HABE, WENN ICH NICHT EINE SCHLANGE WIE EIN ÖLPRESSBALKEN GESEHEN HABE. FERNER, WENN ZEUGEN ZU EINEM, DER SIE FÜR IHN ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN AUFFORDERT, SAGEN: EIN SCHWUR, DASS WIR FÜR DICH KEIN ZEUGNIS ABLEGENWERDEN. FERNER, WENN JEMAND SCHWÖRT, EIN GEBOT ZU UNTERLASSEN: KEINE FESTNÜTTE ZU ERRICHTEN, KEINEN FESTSTRAUSS ZU NEHMEN, ODER KEINE TEPHILLIN ANZULEGEN. DIES IST EIN NICHTIGKEITSSCHWUR, WEGEN DESSEN MAN SICH BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT DER GEISSELUNG SCHULDIG MACHT UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHIXKEIT FREI IST.",
+ "SAGT JEMAND: EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH DIESEN LAIB ESSEN WERDE, EIN SCHWUR, DASS ICH IHN NICHT ESSEN WERDE, SO IST DER ERSTE EIN BEKRÄFTIGUNGSSCHWUR UND DER ZWEITEEIN NICHTIGKEITSSCHWUR; HAT ER IHN GEGESSEN, SO HAT ER EINEN NICHTIGKEITSSCHWUR GELEISTET, HAT ER IHN NICHT GEGESSEN, SO HAT ER EINEN BEKRÄFTIGUNGSSCHWUR ÜBERTRETEN.",
+ "DER BEKRÄFTIGUNGSSCHWUR GILT BEI MÄNNERNUND BEI FRAUEN, BEI VERWANDTEN UND BEI FREMDEN, BEI ALS ZEUGEN ZULÄSSIGEN UND BEI UNZULÄSSIGEN, VOR GERICHT UND AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES, JEDOCH MUSS DER SCHWUR AUS SEINEM MUNDE KOMMEN. MAN IST BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT GEISSELUNG SCHULDIG UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER.",
+ "DER NICHTIGKEITSSCHWUR GILT BEI MÄNNERN UND BEI FRAUEN, BEI FREMDEN UND BEI VERWANDTEN, BEI ZULÄSSIGEN UND BEI UNZULÄSSIGEN, VOR GERICHT UND AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES, JEDOCH MUSS DER SCHWUR AUS SEINEM MUNDE KOMMEN. MAN IST BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT GEISSELUNG SCHULDIG UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT FREI. SOWOHL BEI DIESEM ALS AUCH BEI JENEM IST MAN AUCH DANN SCHULDIG, WENN MAN VON ANDEREN BESCHWOREN WIRD. SAGTE JEMAND: ICH HABE HEUTE NICHT GEGESSEN, ODER: ICH HABE HEUTE KEINE TEPHILLIN ANGELEGT, UND ALS EIN ANDERER ZU IHM SAGTE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHU?DIG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DER ZEUGNISEID GILT BEI MÄNNERN UND NICHT BEI FRAUEN, BEI FREMDEN UND NICHT BEI VERWANDTEN, BEI [ALS ZEUGEN] ZULÄSSIGEN UND NICHT BEI UNZULÄSSIGEN, AUCH NUR BEI SOLCHEN, DIE ALS ZEUGEN GEEIGNET SIND; SOWOHL VOR GERICHT ALS AUCH AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES, WENN [DER EID] AUS IHREM MUNDE GEKOMMEN IST; WENN ABER AUS DEM MUNDE ANDERER, SO SIND SIE NUR DANN SCHULDIG, WENN SIE VOR GERICHT GELEUGNET HABEN – SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN: EINERLEI OB [DER EID] AUS IHREM MUNDE GEKOMMEN IST, ODER AUS DEM MUNDE ANDERER, SIE SIND NUR DANN SCHULDIG, WENN SIE VOR GERICHT GELEUGNET HABEN.",
+ "SIE SIND SCHULDIG SOWOHL BEI VORSÄTZLICHKEIT HINSICHTLICH DES EIDES, ALS AUCH BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT HINSICHTLICH DESSEN UND VORSÄTZLICHKEIT HINSICHTLICH DES ZEUGNISSES, NICHT ABER, WENN AUCH IN DIESER HINSICHT UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT VORLAG. WAS SIND SIE WEGEN DES VORSÄTZLICHEN [FALSCHEN] EIDES SCHULDIG? EIN AUF- UND ABSTEIGENDES OPFER.",
+ "WELCHER HEISST EIN ZEUGNISEID? WENN JEMAND ZU ZWEIEN GESAGT HAT: KOMMT UND LEGT FÜR MICH ZEUGNIS AB, UND SIE IHM ERWIDERT HABEN: EIN SCHWUR, DASS WIR FÜR DICH NICHTS ZU BEKUNDEN WISSEN, ODER WENN SIE IHM ERWIDERT HABEN: WIR WISSEN FÜR DICH NICHTS ZU BEKUNDEN, UND ALS ER ZU IHNEN SAGTE: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, SIE ‘AMEN’ SAGTEN, SO SIND SIE SCHULDIG. WENN ER SIE AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES FÜNFMAL BESCHWOREN HAT, UND SIE DARAUF VOR GERICHT EINGESTANDEN HABEN, SO SIND SIE FREI, WENN SIE ABER GELEUGNET HABEN, SO SIND SIE WEGEN EINES JEDEN SCHWURES BESONDERS SCHULDIG. WENN ER SIE VOR GERICHT FÜNFMAL BESCHWOREN HAT, UND SIE GELEUGNET HABEN, SO SIND SIE NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: AUS WELCHEM GRUNDE? WEIL SIE NICHT MEHR EINGESTEHENKONNTEN.",
+ "HABEN BEIDE ZUSAMMEN GELEUGNET, SO SIND BEIDE SCHULDIG, WENN ABER NACHEINANDER, SO IST DER ERSTE SCHULDIG UND DER ANDERE FREI; HAT EINER GELEUGNET UND DER ANDERE EINGESTANDEN, SO IST DER LEUGNENDE SCHULDIG. WENN ES ZWEI ZEUGENPARTIEN SIND, UND ZUERST DIE EINE UND NACHHER DIE ANDERE LEUGNETE, SO SIND BEIDE SCHULDIG, WEIL DAS ZEUGNIS DURCH JEDE VON BEIDEN BESTEHEN KÖNNTE.",
+ "WENN ER ZU IHNEN GESAGT HAT: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, ZU KOMMEN UND ZU BEKUNDEN, DASS ICH BEI JENEM WEIZEN, GERSTE UND DINKEL IN VERWAHRUNG HABE, UND SIE IHM ERWIDERT HABEN: EIN SCHWUR, DASS WIR FÜR DICH NICHTS ZU BEKUNDEN WISSEN, SO SIND SIE NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS WIR FÜR DICH NICHT ZU BEKUNDEN WISSEN, DASS DU BEI JENEM WEIZEN, GERSTE UND DINKEL HAST, SO SIND SIE WEGEN EINES JEDEN BESONDERSSCHULDIG.",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, ZU KOMMEN UND ZU BEKUNDEN, DASS ICH VON JENEM SCHADENERSATZ, HALBENSCHADENERSATZ, DOPPELTESODER VIER- UND FÜNFFACHESZU ERHALTEN HABE, DASS JENER MEINE TOCHTER GENOTZÜCHTIGTHAT, DASS ER MEINE TOCHTER VERFÜHRTHAT, DASS MEIN SOHN MICH GESCHLAGENHAT, DASS JENER AM VERSÖHNUNGSTAGE MICH GESCHLAGEN ODER MEINE TENNE IN BRAND GESTECKTHAT, SO SIND SIE SCHULDIG.",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, ZU KOMMEN UND ZU BEKUNDEN, DASS ICH EIN PRIESTER BIN, DASS ICH EIN LEVITE BIN, DASS ICH NICHT DER SOHN EINER GESCHIEDENEN BIN, DASS ICH NICHT DER SOHN EINER ḤALUÇA BIN, DASS JENEREIN PRIESTER IST, DASS JENER EIN LEVITE IST, DASS ER NICHT DER SOHN EINER GESCHIEDENEN IST, DASS ER NICHT DER SOHN EINER ḤALUÇA IST, DASS JENER DIE TOCHTER VON DIESEM GENOTZÜCHTIGT HAT, DASS JENER DIE TOCHTER VON DIESEM VERFÜHRT HAT, DASS MEIN SOHN MICH VERWUNDET HAT, DASS MEIN NÄCHSTER AM ŠABBATH MICH VERWUNDET ODER MEINE TENNE IN BRAND GESTECKT HAT, SO SIND SIE FREI. ",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, ZU KOMMEN UND ZU BEKUNDEN, DASS JENER MIR ZWEIHUNDERT ZUZ ZU GEBEN VERSPROCHEN HAT, UND SIE MIR NICHT GEGEBEN HAT, SO SIND SIE FREI, WEIL SIE NUR WEGEN EINER GELDFORDERUNGSCHULDIG SIND, WIE BEIM DEPOSITENEIDE.",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, DASS IHR, SOBALD IHR FÜR MICH ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN WISSEN WERDET, KOMMEN UND ES ABLEGEN SOLLT, SO SIND SIE FREI, WEIL DER EID DEM ZEUGNISSEVORANGING.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SICH IM BETHAUSEBEFAND UND SPRACH: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, DASS IHR, WENN IHR FÜR MICH ZEUGNIS WISSET, KOMMEN UND ES ABLEGEN SOLLT, SO SIND SIE FREI; NURWENN ER DIE ZEUGEN DIREKT AUFFORDERT.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU ZWEIEN SAGTE: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH N. UND N., DASS IHR, FALLS IHR FÜR MICH ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN WISSET, KOMMEN UND ES ABLEGEN SOLLT, UND SIE IHM ERWIDERT HABEN: EIN SCHWUR, DASS WIR FÜR DICH KEIN ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN WISSEN, SIE ABER IHR ZEUGNIS AUS DEM MUNDE ANDERER ZEUGEN WUSSTEN, ODER EINER VON IHNEN VERWANDT ODER UNZULÄSSIGIST, SO SIND SIEFREI.",
+ "WENN ER SIE DURCH SEINEN SKLAVEN AUFFORDERN LIESS, ODER WENN DER BEKLAGTE ZU IHNEN SAGTE: ICH BESCHWÖRE, EUCH, DASS IHR, WENN IHR FÜR IHN ZEUGNIS ABZULEGEN WISSET, KOMMEN UND ES ABLEGEN SOLLT, SO SIND SIE FREI; NURWENN SIE DIE AUFFORDERUNG VOM KLÄGER GEHÖRT HABEN. ",
+ "SAGTE JEMAND: ICH BESCHWÖRE EUCH, ODER: ICH GEBIETE EUCH, ODER: ICH BINDE EUCH, SO SIND SIE SCHULDIG, WENN ABER: BEI HIMMEL UND ERDE, SO SIND SIE FREI. WENN BEI ALEPH-DALETH, JOD-HE, ŠADDAJ, ÇEBAOTH, BEIM GNÄDIGEN, BARMHERZIGEN, LANGMÜTIGEN, HULDREICHEN, ODER BEI ALLEN ANDEREN GÖTTLICHEN ATTRIBUTEN, SO SIND SIE SCHULDIG. DER GOTTESLÄSTERER IST WEGEN DIESERALLER, WIE R. MEI͑R SAGT, SCHULDIG, UND NACH DEN WEISEN FREI. WER BEI DIESEN VATER UND MUTTER FLUCHT, IST, WIE R. MEÍR SAGT, SCHULDIG, UND NACH DEN WEISEN FREI. WER SICH SELBST ODER SEINEM NÄCHSTEN BEI ALL DIESEN FLUCHT, ÜBERTRITT EIN VERBOT. ‘GOTT SCHLAGE DICH,’ ODER: ‘EBENSOSCHLAGE GOTT AUCH DICH,’ DAS IST DIE EIDVERWÜNSCHUNG, DIE IN DER TORA GESCHRIEBEN IST. SAGTE ER: ER SCHLAGE DICH NICHT, ODER: ER SEGNE DICH, ODER: ER LASSE ES DIR GUT GEHEN, SO SIND SIE NACH R. MEÍR SCHULDIG UND NACH DEN WEISEN FREI."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DER DEPOSITENEID GILT BEI MÄNNERN UND BEI FRAUEN, BEI FREMDEN UND BEI VERWANDTEN, BEI ALS ZEUGEN ZULÄSSIGEN UND BEI UNZULÄSSIGEN, VOR GERICHT UND AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES, WENN DER SCHWUR AUS SEINEM MUNDE KOMMT; WENN ABER AUS DEM MUNDE ANDERER, SO IST ER NUR DANN SCHULDIG, WENN ER VOR GERICHT GELEUGNET HAT – SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, EINERLEI OB AUS SEINEM MUNDE ODER AUS DEM MÜNDE ANDERER; SOBALD ER GELEUGNET HAT, IST ER SCHULDIG. ER IST SCHULDIG BEI VORSATZ HINSICHTLICH DES EIDES UND BEI UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT HINSICHTLICH DESSEN, JEDOCH VORSATZ HINSICHTLICH DES DEPOSITUMS; ER IST ABER NICHT SCHULDIG, WENN AUCH IN DIESER HINSICHT UNVORSÄTZLICHKEIT VORLAG.",
+ "WAS IST ER BEI VORSATZ SCHULDIG? EIN SCHULDOPFER FÜR ZWEI ŠEQEL. WELCHES HEISST EIN DEPOSITENEID? WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: GIB MIR DAS DEPOSITUM, DAS ICH BEI DIR HABE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU BEI MIR NICHTS HAST, ODER WENN ER IHM ERWIDERTE: DU HAST NICHTS BEI MIR, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JENER IHN FÜNFMAL BESCHWOREN, EINERLEI OB VOR GERICHT ODER AUSSERHALB DES GERICHTES, UND ER GELEUGNET HAT, SO IST ER WEGEN EINES JEDEN EINZELNEN BESONDERS SCHULDIG. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: AUS WELCHEM GRUNDE? WEIL ER JEDESMAL ZURÜCKTRETEN UND EINGESTEHEN KONNTE.",
+ "WENN FÜNF PERSONEN EINEN GEMAHNT UND ZU IHM GESAGT HABEN: GIB UNS DAS DEPOSITUM, DAS WIR BEI DIR HABEN, UND ER IHNEN ERWIDERT HAT: EIN SCHWUR, DASS IHR NICHTS BEI MIR HABT, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU BEI MIR NICHTS HAST, UND NICHT DU, UND NICHT DU, SO IST ER WEGEN EINES JEDEN BESONDERS SCHULDIG. R. ELIÊ͑ZER SAGT, NUR WENN ER DEN SCHWUR ZULETZT GESPROCHEN HAT; R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, NUR WENN ER BEI JEDEM BESONDERS EINEN SCHWUR GESPROCHEN HAT. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: GIB MIR DAS DEPOSITUM UND DAS HINTERLEGTE UND DAS GERAUBTE UND DAS VERLORENE, DIE ICH BEI DIR HABE, UND DIESER ERWIDERTE: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU NICHTS BEI MIR HAST, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU BEI MIR KEIN DEPOSITUM, KEIN HINTERLEGTES, KEIN GERAUBTES UND KEIN VERLORENES HAST, SO IST ER WEGEN EINES JEDEN BESONDERS SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: GIB MIR DEN WEIZEN UND DIE GERSTE UND DEN DINKEL, DIE ICH BEI DIR HABE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU BEI MIR NICHTS HAST, SO IST ER NUR EINMAL SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: EIN SCHWUR, DASS DU BEI MIR KEINEN WEIZEN UND KEINE GERSTE UND KEINEN DINKEL HAST, SO IST ER WEGEN EINES JEDEN BESONDERS SCHULDIG; R. MEÍR SAGT, SELBST WENN ER GESAGT HAT, WEIZEN, GERSTE UND DINKEL, SEI ER WEGEN EINES JEDEN BESONDERS SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: DU HAST MEINE TOCHTER GENOTZÜCHTIGT, ODER: VERFÜHRT, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ICH HABE SIE NICHT GENOTZÜCHTIGT, ODER: VERFÜHRT, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N IST ER FREI, WEIL MAN BEI EINEM GESTÄNDNISSE KEINE GELDBUSSE ZU ZAHLEN BRAUCHT. SIE ENTGEGNETEN IHM: OBGLEICH MAN BEI EINEM GESTÄNDNISSE DIE GELDBUSSE NICHT ZU ZAHLEN BRAUCHT, SO MUSS MAN DENNOCH, AUCH BEI EINEM GESTÄNDNISSE DIE ENTSCHÄDIGUNG FÜR BESCHÄMUNG UND WERTMINDERUNG ZAHLEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: DU HAST MEINEN OCHSEN GESTOHLEN, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ICH HABE IHN NICHT GESTOHLEN, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG; WENN ABER: ICH HABE IHN GESTOHLEN, ABER NICHT GESCHLACHTET ODER VERKAUFT, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: DEIN RINDHAT MEIN RIND GETÖTET, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ES HAT ES NICHT GETÖTET, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: DEIN OCHS HAT MEINEN SKLAVEN GETÖTET, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE; ER HAT IHN NICHT GETÖTET, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: DU HAST MICH VERWUNDET, MIR EINE VERLETZUNG BEIGEBRACHT, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ICH HABE DICH NICHT VERWUNDET, DIR KEINE VERLETZUNG BEIGEBRACHT, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN ABER ZU EINEM SEIN SKLAVE SAGT: DU HAST MIR EINEN ZAHN AUSGESCHLAGEN, EIN AUGE GEBLENDET, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ICH HABE IHN NICHT AUSGESCHLAGEN, ICH HABE ES NICHT GEBLENDET, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WER BEI EINEM GESTÄNDNISSE ZAHLEN MUSS, IST SCHULDIG, UND WER BEI EINEM GESTÄNDNISSE NICHT ZU ZAHLEN BRAUCHT, IST FREI."
+ ],
+ [
+ "BEIM GERICHTLICHEN EIDE MUSS DIE FORDERUNG ZWEI SILBERLINGE UND DAS EINGESTANDENE EINE PERUṬA WERT SEIN; GEHÖRT DAS EINGESTANDENE NICHT ZUR ART DER FORDERUNG, SO IST ER FREI. ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE BEI DIR ZWEI SILBERLINGE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EINE PERUṬA, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABERI: ICH HABE BEI DIR ZWEI SILBERLINGE UND EINE PERUṬA, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EINE PERUṬA, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINE MINE UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST NICHTS BEI MIR, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABER: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINE MINE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR FÜNFZIG DENAR, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: DU HAST VON MEINEM VATER EINE MINE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR FÜNFZIG DENAR, SO IST ER FREI, WEIL ER ALS ABLIEFERER EINES FUNDES GILT.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINE MINE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: JAWOHL, UND ALS ER AM FOLGENDEN TAGE ZU IHM SAGTE: GIB SIE MIR, ER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE SIE DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABER: DU HAST NICHTS BEI MIR, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGTE: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINE MINE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: JAWOHL, WORAUF JENER ENTGEGNETE: GIB SIE MIR NUR VOR ZEUGEN ZURÜCK, UND ALS EH AM FOLGENDEN TAGE ZU IHM SAGTE: GIB SIE MIR ZURÜCK, ER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE SIE DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, WEIL ER SIE IHM VOR ZEUGEN ZURÜCKGEBEN SOLLTE.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINE LITRA GOLD, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EINE LITRA SILBER, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABER: ICH HABE BEI DIR EINEN GOLD-DENAR, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EINEN SILBER-DENAR, EINEN TRESSIS, EINEN PONDION, ODER: EINE PERUṬA, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, WEIL SIE ALLE GELDMÜNZEN DERSELBEN ART SIND. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE BEI DIR EIN KOR GETREIDE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EIN LATEKII HÜLSENFRÜCHTE, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABER: ICH HABE BEI DIR EIN KOR FRÜCHTE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: DU HAST BEI MIR NUR EIN LATEKH HÜLSENFRÜCHTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, WEIL HÜLSENFRÜCHTE UNTER ‘FRÜCHTE’ EINBEGRIFFEN SIND. WENN ER VON IHM WEIZEN FORDERT, UND DIESER IHM GERSTE EINGESTEHT, SO IST ER FREI, UND NACH R. GAMLIÉL SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND VON SEINEM NÄCHSTEN KRÜGE MIT ÖL FORDERT, UND DIESER IHM LEERE GEFÄSSE EINGESTEHT, SO MUSS ER, WIE ADMON SAGT, SCHWÖREN, WEIL ER EINEN TEIL DER FORDERUNG EINGESTEHT; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS EINGESTANDENE GEHÖRT NICHT ZUR ART DER FORDERUNG. R. GAMLIÉL SAGTE: DIE WORTE ADMONS LEUCHTEN MIR EIN. WENN ER VON IHM GERÄTE UND GRUNDSTÜCKE FORDERT, UND DIESER IHM DIE GERÄTE EINGESTEHT UND DIE GRUNDSTÜCKE LEUGNET, ODER DIE GRUNDSTÜCKE EINGESTEHT UND DIE GERÄTE LEUGNET, SO IST ER FREI; GESTEHT ER IHM EINEN TEIL DER GRUNDSTÜCKE EIN, SO IST ER FREI, WENN ABER EINEN TEIL DER GERÄTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG, DENN DIE GÜTER, DIE KEINE SICHERHEIT GEWÄHREN, BINDEN SICH AN GÜTER, DIE SICHERHEIT GEWÄHREN, AUF DASS MAN AUCH WEGEN DIESER SCHWÖRE.",
+ "MAN SCHWÖRT NICHT WEGEN DER FORDERUNG EINES TAUBEN, BLÖDEN ODER MINDERJÄHRIGEN; AUCH BESCHWÖRT MAN KEINEN MINDERJÄHRIGEN; WOHL ABER SCHWÖRT MAN EINEM MINDERJÄHRIGEN UND DEM HEILIGTUME.",
+ "UEBER FOLGENDE DINGE SCHWÖRT MAN NICHT: SKLAVEN, SCHULDSCHEINE, GRUNDSTÜCKE UND HEILIGES. BEI DIESEN GIBT ES NICHT DIE ZAHLUNG DES DOPPELTEN UND VIER- UND FÜNFFACHEN. WEGEN DIESES BRAUCHT DER UNENTGELTLICHE HÜTER NICHT ZU SCHWÖREN, NOCH DER LOHNHÜTER ZU BEZAHLEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: ÜBER HEILIGES, FÜR DAS MAN HAFTBARIST, MUSS MAN SCHWÖREN, UND FÜR DAS MAN NICHT HAFTBARIST, BRAUCHT MAN NICHT ZU SCHWÖREN.",
+ "R. MEÍR SAGTE: ES GIBT DINGE, DIE GRUNDSTÜCKEN GLEICHEN, UND DIESEN DOCH NICHT GLEICH SIND. DIE WEISEN ABER PFLICHTEN IHM NICHT BEI. ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE DIR ZEHN BELADENE WEINSTQCKE ÜBERGEBEN, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: ES WAREN NUR FÜNF, SO MUSS ER, WIE R. MEÍR SAGT, SCHWÖREN, UND DIE WEISEN SAGEN, WAS AM BODEN HAFTET, GLEICHE DEM BODEN. MAN SCHWÖRT NUR ÜBER DAS, WAS NACH MASS, GEWICHT ODER ZAHL ÜBERGEBEN WIRD; ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM SAGT: ICH HABE DIR EINEN VOLLEN SPEICHER, ODER: EINEN VOLLEN BEUTEL ÜBERGEBEN, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH WEISS ES NICHT, NIMM DAS, WAS DU DARIN GELASSEN HAST, SO IST ER FREI; WENN ABER DER EINE SAGT: BIS ZUM VORSPRUNG, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: BIS ZUM FENSTER, SO IST ER SCHULDIG.",
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINEM NÄCHSTEN GELD AUF EIN PFAND GEBORGT HAT UND DAS PFAND ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, UND DER EINE SAGT: ICH HABE DIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑GEBORGT UND ES WAR NUR EINEN ŠEQEL WERT, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: NEIN, DU HAST MIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑. GEBORGT UND ES WAR EINEN SELA͑ WERT, SO IST ERFREI; WENN ABER: ICH HABE DIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR NUR EINEN ŠEQEL WERT, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: NEIN, DU HAST MIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR DREI DENAR WERT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN DER EINE SAGT: DU HAST MIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR ZWEI WERT, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: NEIN, ICH HABE DIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR EINEN SELA͑ WERT, SO IST ERFREI; WENN ABER: DU HAST MIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR ZWEI WERT, UND DER ANDERE SAGT: NEIN, ICH HABE DIR DARAUF EINEN SELA͑ GEBORGT UND ES WAR FÜNF DENAR WERT, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WER SCHWÖRT? BEI DEM DAS VERWAHRTE SICH BEFINDET, DAMIT NICHT, WENN JENER GESCHWOREN HAT, DIESER DAS VERWAHRTE HERVORHOLE."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ALLE, DIE NACH DER TORA ZU SCHWÖREN HABEN, SCHWÖREN UND ZAHLEN NICHT, FOLGENDE ABER SCHWÖREN UND ERHALTEN BEZAHLUNG: DER LÖHNER, DER BERAUBTE, DER VERWUNDETE, DESSEN GEGNER EIDESVERDÄCHTIG IST, UND DER KRÄMER AUF GRUND SEINER KLADDE. DER LÖHNER ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN ER ZU JENEM SAGT: GIB MIR MEINEN LOHN, DEN ICH BEI DIR HABE, UND JENER SAGT: ICH HABE IHN DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, DIESER ABER SAGT: ICH HABE IHN NICHT ERHALTEN, SO SCHWÖRT DIESER UND ERHÄLT IHN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, NUR WENN EIN TEIL EINGESTANDEN WIRD; WENN ZUM BEISPIEL DIESER ZU IHM SAGT: GIB MIR DIE FÜNFZIG DENAR, DIE ICH BEI DIR HABE, UND JENER SAGT: DU HAST BEREITS EINEN GOLD-DENAR ERHALTEN.",
+ "DER BERAUBTE, ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS ER UNBEFUGT IN SEIN HAÜS EINGETRETEN IST, UM IHN ZU PFÄNDEN, UND DIESER SAGT: DU HAST MEINE GERÄTE MITGENOMMEN, JENER ABER SAGT: ICH HABE NICHTS MITGENOMMEN, SO SCHWÖRT DIESER UND ERHÄLT BEZAHLUNG. R. JEHUDA SAGT, NUR WENN EIN TEIL EINGESTANDEN WIRD; WENN ZUM BEISPIEL DIESER SAGT: DU HAST ZWEI GERÄTE GENOMMEN, UND JENER SAGT: ICH HABE NUR EINES GENOMMEN.",
+ "DER VERWUNDETE, ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS ER BEI IHM UNVERSEHRT HINEINGEGANGEN UND VERWUNDET HERAUSGEKOMMEN IST, UND DIESER SAGT: DU HAST MICH VERWUNDET, JENER ABER SAGT: ICH HABE DICH NICHT VERWUNDET, SO SCHWÖRT DIESER UND ERHÄLT ENTSCHÄDIGUNG. R. JEHUDA SAGT, NUR WENN EIN TEIL EINGESTANDEN WIRD, WENN ZUM BEISPIEL DIESER SAGT: DU HAST MIR ZWEI WUNDEN BEIGEBRACHT, UND JENER SAGT: ICH HABE DIR NUR EINE WUNDE BEIGEBRACHT.",
+ "DESSEN GEGNER EIDESVERDÄCHTIG IST, ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN ER HINSICHTLICH EINES ZEUGNISEIDES ODER EINES DEPOSITENEIDES ODER SOGAR EINES NICHTIGKEITSSCHWURES VERDÄCHTIG IST, ODER ER WÜRFELSPIELER, WUCHERER, TAUBENFLIEGENLASSER ODER SIEBENTJAHRSFRUCHT-HÄNDLER IST, SO SCHWÖRT SEIN GEGNER UND ERHÄLT BEZAHLUNG. SIND BEIDE EIDESVERDÄCHTIG, SO KEHRT DER EID ZU SEINER URSPRÜNGLICHEN STELLE ZURÜCK – so R. JOSE; R. MEÍR SAGT, SIE TEILEN.",
+ "DER KRÄMER AUF GRUND SEINER KLADDE, ZUM BEISPIEL: NICHT ETWA, WENN ER SAGT: IN MEINER KLADDE STEHT GESCHRIEBEN, DASS DU MIR ZWEIHUNDERT ZUZ SCHULDEST, SONDERN, WENN JENER ZU IHM GESAGT HATTE: GIB MEINEM SOHNE ZWEI SEA͑ WEIZEN, GIB MEINEN ARBEITERN FÜR EINEN SELA͑ MÜNZE, UND DIESER SAGT: ICH HABE GEGEBEN, JENE ABER SAGEN: WIR HABEN NICHTS ERHALTEN, SO SCHWÖRT ER UND ERHÄLT BEZAHLUNG, UND JENE SCHWÖREN UND ERHALTEN SIE EBENFALLS. BEN NANNOS SAGTE: WIESO LASSE MAN BEIDE ZU EINEM MEINEIDE KOMMEN!? VIELMEHR ERHÄLT SIE DIESER OHNE EID, UND JENE ERHALTEN SIE EBENFALLS OHNE EID.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM KRÄMER SAGTE: GIB MIR FÜR EINEN DENAR FRÜCHTE, UND ER SIE IHM GEGEBEN HAT, UND ALS DIESER DARAUF ZU IHM SAGTE: GIB MIR DEN DENAR, JENER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE IHN DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, UND DU HAST IHN IN DIE GELDKASSE GELEGT, SO SCHWÖRT DER HAUSHERR, DASS ER IHM DEN DENAR GEGEBEN HAT. WENN ER ZU IHM SAGT: GIB MIR DIE FRÜCHTE, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE SIE DIR GEGEBEN, UND DU HAST SIE NACH DEINER WOHNUNG GEBRACHT, SO SCHWÖRT DER KRÄMER. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WER DIE FRÜCHTE IN HÄNDEN HAT, HAT DIE OBERHAND. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM WECHSLER SAGTE: GIB MIR FÜR EINEN DENAR MÜNZE, UND ER SIE IHM GEGEBEN HAT, UND ALS DIESER DARAUF ZU IHM SAGTE: GIB MIR DEN DENAR, JENER IHM ERWIDERT, ICH HABE IHN DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, UND DU HAST IHN IN DIE GELDICASSE GELEGT, SO SCHWÖRT DER HAUSHERR; WENN ER IHM ABER DEN DENAR GEGEBEN HAT, UND ALS JENER DARAUF ZU IHM SAGT: GIB MIR DAS KLEINGELD, DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE ES DIR BEREITS GEGEBEN, UND DU HAST ES IN DEINE TASCHE GELEGT, SO SCHWÖRT DER WECHSLER. R. JEHUDA SAGT, EIN WECHSLER PFLEGE NICHT EINEN ASSAR ZU GEBEN, BEVOR ER DEN DENAR erhalten hat.",
+ "WIE SIE AUCH GESAGT HABEN, WENN EINE FRAU IHRE MORGENGABE REDUZIERT, SEI SIE NUR GEGEN EID AUSZUZAHLEN; WENN EIN EINZELNER ZEUGE BEKUNDET, SIE SEI BEZAHLT, SEI SIE NUR GEGEN EID AUSZUZAHLEN; VON BELASTETEN GÜTERN UND VON GÜTERN DER WAISEN SEI SIE NUR GEGEN EID AUSZUZAHLEN; WENN SIE SIE IN SEINERABWESENHEIT AUSBEZAHLT HABEN WILL, SEI SIE NUR GEGEN EID AUSZUZAHLEN. FERNER KÖNNEN AUCH WAISEN NUR GEGEN EID BEZAHLUNG ERHALTEN, SIE SPRECHEN: EIN SCHWUR, DASS UNSER VATER UNS NICHT HINTERLASSEN HAT, DASS ER UNS NICHT GESAGT HAT, UND DASS WIR UNTER SEINEN SCHRIFTEN NICHT GEFUNDEN HABEN, DASS DIESER SCHULDSCHEIN BEZAHLT IST. R. JOḤANAN B. BEROOA SAGTE: SELBST WENN DER SOHN NACH DEM TODE DES VATERS GEBOREN WURDE, MUSS ER SCHWÖREN UND ERHÄLT ERST DANN BEZAHLUNG. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGTE: SIND ZEUGEN VORHANDEN, DASS DER VATER VOR SEINEM TODE GESAGT HAT, DIESER SCHULDSCHEIN SET NICHT BEZAHLT, SO ERHÄLT ER BEZAHLUNG OHNE EID.",
+ "FOLGENDE SCHWÖREN, OHNE DASS AN SIE EINE FORDERUNGGESTELLT WIRD: GEMEINSCHAFTER, TEILPÄCHTER, VORMUNDE, EINE FRAU, DIE IM HAUSE DAS GESCHÄFTFÜHRT, UND EIN HAUSFAKTOTUM. SAGT DIESERZU IHM: WAS VERLANGST DU VON MIR, UND ERWIDERT JENER: ICH WILL, DASS DU MIR EINEN EID LEISTEN SOLLST, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. HABEN DIE GEMEINSCHAFTER UND DIE TEILPÄCHTER BEREITS GETEILT, SO KANN ER IHM KEINEN EID MEHR ZUSCHIEBEN; HAT ER ABER EINEN EID WEGEN EINER ANDEREN SACHE ZU LEISTEN, SO WIRD ER IHM AUCH WEGEN DIESER ZUGESCHOBEN. DAS ERLASSJAHR ERWIRKT AUCH DIE ERLASSUNG DES EIDES."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ES GIBT VIELERLEI HÜTER: DER UNENTGELTLICHE Hüter, DER ENTLEIHER, DER LOHNHÜTER UND DER MIETER. DER UNENTGELTLICHE HÜTER KANN IN ALLEN FÄLLEN SCHWÖREN, DER ENTLEIHER MUSS IN ALLEN FÄLLEN BEZAHLEN, DER LOHNHÜTER UND DER MIETER KÖNNEN SCHWÖREN, WENN DAS ANVERTRAUTE Vieh EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN ODER VERENDET IST, UND MÜSSEN BEZAHLEN BEI ABHANDENKOMMEN UND DIEBSTAHL.",
+ "EMAND ZU EINEM UNENTGELTLICHEN HÜTER SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE, ER SEI VERENDET, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER HABE EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GEFANGEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GESTOHLEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN ODER GESTOHLEN WORDEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI.",
+ "WENN ER ZU IHM SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS, UND DIESER ERWIDERTE: ICH VERSTEHE NICHT, WAS DU SPRICHST, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE I ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. WENN ER ZU IHM SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ER IST ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, UND ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS ER IHN VERZEHRT HAT, SO MUSS ER DEN STAMMBETRAG BEZAHLEN; GESTEHT ER DIES VON SELBST EIN, SO MUSS ER DEN STAMMBETRAG UND EIN FÜNFTEL BEZAHLEN UND EIN SCHULDOPFER DARBRINGEN. WENN ER ZU IHM SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ER IST GESTOHLEN WORDEN, UND ALS ER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, UND ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS ER IHN GESTOHLEN HAT, SO MUSS ER DAS DOPPELTE BEZAHLEN; GESTEHT ER ES VON SELBST EIN, SO MUSS ER DEN STAMMBETRAG UND EIN FÜNFTEL BEZAHLEN UND EIN SCHULDOPFER DARBRINGEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM VON DER STRASSE SAGT: WO IST MEIN OCHS, DEN DU GESTOHLEN HAST, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERT: ICH HABE IHN NICHT GESTOHLEN, UND ZEUGEN BEKUNDEN, DASS ER IHN GESTOHLEN HAT, SO MUSS ER DAS DOPPELTE BE- ZAHLEN; HAT ER IHN GESCHLACHTET ODER VERKAUFT, SO MUSS ER DAS VIER- ODER FÜNFFACHE BEZAHLEN. WENN ER, ALS ER DIE ZEUGEN SICH ANSCHICKEN UND KOMMEN SAH, SAGT: ICH HABE IHN GESTOHLEN, JEDOCH NICHT GESCHLACHTET ODER VERKAUFT, SO MUSS ER NUR DEN STAMMBETRAG BEZAHLEN.",
+ "WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM ENTLEIHER SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHSUND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE, ER SEI VERENDET, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER HABE EINEN BRÜCH ERLITTEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GEFANGEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GESTOHLEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN ODER GESTOHLEN WORDEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI.",
+ "WENN ER ZU IHM SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE: ICH VERSTEHE NICHT, WAS DU SPRICHST, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, GEFANGEN WORDEN, GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN JEMAND ZU EINEM LOHNHÜTER ODER EINEM MIETER SAGTE: WO IST MEIN OCHS, UND DIESER IHM ERWIDERTE, ER SEI VERENDET, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH EINEN BRÜCH ERLITTEN HAT ODER GEFANGEN WORDEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER HABE EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET ODER GEFANGEN WORDEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GEFANGEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST ODER EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI GESTOHLEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH GESTOHLEN WORDEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ’AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. WENN ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI VERENDET, HABE EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN ODER SEI GEFANGEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH GESTOHLEN WORDEN ODER ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. WENN ER ERWIDERTE, ER SEI ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN ODER GESTOHLEN WORDEN, WÄHREND ER TATSÄCHLICH VERENDET IST, EINEN BRUCH ERLITTEN HAT ODER GEFANGEN WORDEN IST, UND ALS JENER IHM ENTGEGNETE: ICH BESCHWÖRE DICH, ER ‘AMEN’ SAGTE, SO IST ER FREI. DLE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WER STATT EINES FALLES, WEGEN DESSEN ER SCHULDIG IST, EINEN FALL, WEGEN DESSEN ER SCHULDIG IST, ODER STATT EINES FALLES, WEGEN DESSEN ER FREI IST, EINEN FALL, WEGEN DESSEN ER FREI IST, ODER STATT EINES FALLES, WEGEN DESSEN ER FREI IST, EINEN FALL, WEGEN DESSEN ER SCHULDIG IST, ANGIBT, IST FREI; WENN STATT EINES FALLES, WEGEN DESSEN ER SCHULDIG IST, EINEN FALL, WEGEN DESSEN ER FREI IST, SO IST ER SCHULDIG. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST I WER DURCH SEIN SCHWÖREN SICH EINE ERLEICHTERUNG VERSCHAFFT, IST SCHULDIG; WER DURCH SEIN SCHWÖREN SICH EINE ERSCHWERUNG VERSCHAFFT, IST FREI."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e73aee573eebf2b7b7c094241c13392d4ba6db79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
+ "versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
+ "versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "\tOaths are two [i.e., Two are explicitly written in the Torah, viz. (Leviticus 5:4): \"Or if a soul swear, to pronounce with the lips, to do ill or to do good\": \"I shall eat\" — to do good; \"I shall not eat\" — to do ill, to deprive himself. The same applies with all things to be done or not to be done in the future, \"to do ill or to do good\" connoting the future.], which are four. [Another two, which are not written, are to be added: having done or not done in the past, e.g., \"I ate\" (when he did not eat); \"I did not eat\" (when he did eat)]. Awarenesses of uncleanliness [(Leviticus 5:2): \"Or if a soul touch any unclean thing,\" in respect to defiling the sanctuary and its sanctified objects] are two [Two are explicitly written (Ibid.): \"And it be hidden from him, and he is unclean,\" the implication being that his uncleanliness is \"hidden\" from him, for which reason he eats sanctified flesh — one; or enters the sanctuary — two], which are four. [Another two liabilities are to be added: \"hiddenness\" of sanctified flesh, and \"hiddenness\" of the sanctuary, when he is aware that he is unclean.] The yetzioth (forbidden acts of carrying) of Shabbath are two, which are four. [Carrying from the private to the public domain is derived from (Exodus 36:6): \"And Moses commanded and they passed a call through the camp, saying, etc.\" — Do not carry out from the private to the public domain. (\"two\":) one, for the man standing outside, who puts his hand inside, takes an object, and places it outside; and one for the man standing inside, who takes an object from its place and puts it outside. (\"which are four\":) There are to be added another two for placing inside, even though they are not written. For just as Scripture interdicted (transfer from) one domain to another by way of carrying out, so it interdicted placing within; one, for a man standing inside, stretching his hand outside, taking an object, and bringing it inside, and one for a man standing outside, taking an object from its place, and putting it down inside.] Observations of plague-spots are two [Two are explicitly written (Leviticus 13:2): \"se'eth\" and \"bahereth\"], which are four [the toldah (derivative) of se'eth and the toldah of bahereth, which are not explicitly written.]",
+ "\tWherever there is awareness in the beginning, awareness in the end, and hiddenness in the middle, there is oleh veyored (\"sliding scale\") liability. [(\"Wherever there is awareness, etc.\":) This refers to \"Awarenesses of uncleanliness\" (above). Since their provisions are few, they are adduced first, after which oaths are adduced, their provisions being many. And the yetzioth (of Shabbath) and observations (of plague-spots) are treated individually in their respective tractates, for which reason they are not discussed here. They are included here (above) only because they are similar to the others in being \"two which are four.\" (\"awareness in the beginning\":) awareness that he has become unclean. (\"awareness in the end\":) After eating the sanctified food in \"hiddenness\" or entering the sanctuary in \"hiddenness\" and leaving, it becomes known to him that he ate or entered in uncleanliness. (\"and hiddenness in the middle\":) When he eats the sanctified food, his uncleanliness or its being sanctified food is hidden from him. Or he enters the sanctuary, and his uncleanliness or its being the sanctuary is hidden from him. (\"oleh veyored liability\":) \"oleh\" (\"rising\") for a rich man; \"yored\" (\"descending\") for a poor man. A rich man brings a beast sin-offering, and a poor man, a bird sin-offering; and the poorest of the poor, a tenth of an ephah (of flour), the \"sinner's meal-offering\" mentioned in many places.] Where there is awareness in the beginning and not at the end, the he-goat [of Yom Kippur] which is presented within [i.e., whose blood is presented within (the holy of holies)] and Yom Kippur suspend (his judgment) [protecting him from affliction] until he becomes aware [of having eaten sanctified food in a state of uncleanliness], whereupon he brings an oleh veyored offering.",
+ "\tIf there were no awareness in the beginning [(i.e., If he never knew of this uncleanliness, this never becomes subject to an offering, an offering obtaining only where there was awareness in the beginning)], but there was awareness in the end, the kid presented outside [on the outer altar, with the additional Yom Kippur offerings] and Yom Kippur [itself] atone [with the kid], it being written (Numbers 29:11): \"…aside from the offering of atonement.\" Whatever the latter atones for, the former atones for. Just as the inner (altar sacrifice, \"the latter\") atones only where there was awareness, so the outer (altar sacrifice, \"the former\") atones only where there was awareness. [It is written of the kid presented outside: \"One kid of goats as a sin-offering, aside from the sin-offering of atonement.\" The sin-offering of atonement is the kid presented within. Scripture likens them to teach us that what one atones for, the other atones for, viz.: Just as the inner is presented only where there was awareness, (in that instance,) awareness in the beginning, as derived from (Leviticus 16:16): \"…for all of their sins,\" the implication being: for all that would be subject to a sin-offering if there were awareness at the end; and there is no sin-offering without awareness in the beginning — so the kid presented outside does not atone unless there was awareness, (in this instance,) awareness at the end, but not in the beginning, where it would never be subject to a sin-offering. And this atonement is absolute, without \"suspension\" (see 1:2)].",
+ "\tAnd where there is no awareness, neither in the beginning nor in the end, the kids of the festivals [(Kids for sin-offerings are prescribed for the additional (mussaf) offerings of all the festivals)] and the kids of Rosh Chodesh atone, [it being written in respect to the kid of Rosh Chodesh (Numbers 28:15): \"as a sin-offering to the L rd\" — For a sin that only the L rd knows of, this kid atones. That is, where there is awareness neither in the beginning nor in the end. And the kids of the festivals are derived by identity from the kid of Rosh Chodesh. For \"kid\" could have been written in respect to all the festivals, and it is written (in respect to the festivals) \"and a kid,\" to add to what precedes (i.e., the kid of Rosh Chodesh), to liken them, i.e., These atone for the same thing that the first atones for.] These are the words of R. Yehudah. R. Shimon says: The kids of the festivals atone (for non-awareness in the beginning and in the end), but not the Rosh Chodesh kids. And for what do the kids of Rosh Chodesh atone? For a tahor (one who is clean) eating (unwittingly) something unclean. R. Meir says: The atonement of all of the kids is the same, (all atoning for) defiling the sanctuary and its holy objects. [All of the additional kids, whether the kids of the festivals, or the kid of Rosh Chodesh, or the kid presented outside on Yom Kippur — their atonement is the same. They atone both for unawareness in the beginning and awareness in the end, unawareness neither in the beginning nor in the end, and for a tahor eating something unclean. The (only) difference is in respect to uncleanliness occurring between one (offering) and the other. But as regards the kid presented inside on Yom Kippur, all agree that it \"suspends\" where there is awareness in the beginning but not at the end, as stated.] R. Shimon was wont to say: The kids of Rosh Chodesh atone for a tahor eating something unclean; those of the festivals atone for unawareness neither in the beginning nor in the end; and that of Yom Kippur, for awareness in the beginning, but not in the end. [This is repeated for the sake of what follows, viz.: \"They asked him, etc.\"] They asked him: May this be offered up for the other? [If the kid designated for Yom Kippur were lost, and atonement was made with another, and the first were found on a festival or on Rosh Chodesh, may it be used as the kid offering of the day?] He answered: They may be offered. They asked him: But if their atonement is not the same, how can one be substituted for the other? [R. Meir asks this of R. Shimon: If you grant that their atonement is the same, he can do so, for they all effect the same atonement. But, according to you, this one (the kid of Yom Kippur), which was designated to atone for unawareness in the beginning and awareness in the end — how can it be offered on the festival to atone for unawareness both in the beginning and in the end? Or on Rosh Chodesh, to atone for a tahor eating something unclean?] He answered: They all come to atone for defiling the sanctuary and its objects. [And since they are the same in this respect, even though there are differences in the type of atonement, it may be substituted.]",
+ "\tR. Shimon b. Yehudah said in his [R. Shimon's] name [\"R. Shimon,\" unqualified, is R. Shimon b. Yochai]: The kids of Rosh Chodesh atone for a tahor eating something unclean. Over and above them are those of the festivals, which atone for a tahor eating something unclean and for unawareness in the beginning and in the end. Over and above them are those of Yom Kippur, which atone for a tahor eating something unclean, for unawareness in the beginning and in the end, and for unawareness in the beginning and awareness in the end. They asked him: May this be offered up for the other? He answered: Yes. They asked: If so, let those of Yom Kippur be offered on Rosh Chodesh; but how can those of Rosh Chodesh be offered on Yom Kippur for an atonement which is not of their kinds? (see 1:4) He answered: They all come to atone for defiling the sanctuary and its objects.",
+ "\tAnd for willful defiling of the sanctuary and its sanctified objects [(This is a generic teaching)], the kid presented within and Yom Kippur atone, [it being written (Leviticus 16:16): \"and from their offenses for all of their sins.\" \"offenses\" (peshaim) — these are acts of rebellion.] And for the other transgressions of the Torah: light and stringent, willful and unwitting, known and unknown, positive commandment and negative commandment, krithoth and judicial death penalties, the sent-away kid atones. [The Gemara explains the entire Mishnah thus: whether light or stringent; whether he transgressed willfully or unwittingly; (Of those which he transgressed unwittingly,) whether their doubtful status was known to him or unknown to him (e.g., whether it was known or not known to him that it might be forbidden fat and he ate it). Which are the \"light\"? Positive and negative commandments. Which are the \"stringent\"? Those punishable by krithuth (cutting-off) and by judicial death penalty.]",
+ "\tBoth Israelites, Cohanim, and the anointed priest (i.e., the high-priest) [are atoned for by the sent-away kid for the other transgressions (see above), there being no difference between them.] It is just that the blood of the bullock atones for the Cohanim for defiling of the sanctuary and of its sanctified objects. [i.e., Whatever the inner kid (of Yom Kippur) atones for on behalf of Israelites, i.e., suspending judgment for Israelites where there is awareness in the beginning but not at the end, and willful defiling of the sanctuary and its objects — likewise, whatever the outer kid atones for (on behalf of Israelites) — the bullock of the high-priest sacrificed on Yom Kippur atones for on behalf of the Cohanim.] R. Shimon says: Just as the blood of the kid presented within atones for Israel, so, the blood of the bullock atones for Cohanim. Just as the confession over the sent-away kid atones for Israel, so the confession over the bullock atones for the Cohanim. [i.e., You concede that the blood of the inner kid atones for Israel without confession, there being no confession over the inner kid, but over the sent-away kid — so the blood of the bullock atones for the Cohanim, without any confession, for defiling of the sanctuary and its objects, leaving the confession over the bullock (in place of the confession over the sent-away kid) to atone on behalf of the Cohanim for the other transgressions, and they have no atonement through the sent-away kid.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAwarenesses of uncleanliness are two, which are four. If he became unclean and knew [that he was unclean, at the time of contact or afterwards], and the uncleanliness was (afterwards) hidden from him, and he remembered the sanctity, [and because of that \"hiddenness\" (of the uncleanliness) he ate sanctified food — one; or entered the sanctuary — two. These are the two that are written. (Leviticus 5:2): \"And it be hidden from him and he is unclean\" implies that the uncleanliness is hidden from him. And because he is not liable unless he is aware in the beginning that he became unclean, after which it was hidden from him, we have \"awarenesses.\"] If the sanctity were hidden from him [i.e., the fact of its being sanctified food or the fact of its being the sanctuary, and he ate the one or entered the other], and he remembered his uncleanliness [—These are the two others, which are not written.] If both were hidden from him and he ate sanctified food unawares, and after he ate he became aware, he is liable for an oleh veyored offering. [This is not part of the number. We are just being apprised that even though when he ate the sanctified food or entered the sanctuary he remembered neither the uncleanliness nor the sanctuary, he is liable for an oleh veyored offering.] If he became unclean and knew it, and the uncleanliness was hidden from him, and he remembered the sanctuary; if the sanctuary were hidden from him, and he remembered his uncleanliness; if both were hidden from him, and he entered the sanctuary unawares, and when he left he became aware, he is liable for an oleh veyored offering.",
+ "\t(He is liable for the offering) whether he enters the azarah [the first Temple court] or its [later]addition; for no addition is made to the city and to the azaroth without authorization [(for which reason it is sanctified as the first)] of the king, the prophet, the urim vetumim, the sanhedrin of seventy-one, the two thank-offerings, and song. The beth-din go, and the two thank-offerings behind them, and all of Israel behind them. The inner is eaten, and the outer burned. And if all of these do not obtain, if one enters there (in a state of uncleanliness), he is not liable (for an oleh veyored offering). [(\"with a king\":) it being written (Exodus 25:9): \"According to all that I show you: the form of the tabernacle, and the form of all its vessels, and thus shall you do.\" This (\"and thus shall you do\") is a superfluous verse, to be expounded as relating to future generations. And in the days of Moses, he was the king and the prophet, and his brother, the high-priest. And there were also the urim vetumim and the seventy elders — and thus for future generations. (\"two thank-offerings\":) two breads of thanksgiving. They would carry them in a circle until the end of the sanctified bound, where the first would be eaten, and the second burned. This is derived from (the rite of) Nechemiah ben Chachalyah, viz. (Nechemiah 12:31): \"Then I presented two great thanksgivings.\" (\"song\":) they would chant (Psalms 30) \"I shall extol You, O L rd, for You have uplifted me.\" And in the second Temple, even though there was neither king nor urim vetumim, the original sanctification of the Temple by Solomon \"took\" for its time and for the future, and what Nechemiah did was by way of commemoration alone.] And all (additions) that were made without all these (ceremonies) — If one (who were tamei) entered there, they (beth-din or the anointed high-priest as the case may be) are not liable (for a bullock of forgetfulness.)",
+ "\tIf one became unclean in the azarah [and knew that he had become unclean], and his uncleanliness became \"hidden\" from him, and he remembered (that it was) the sanctuary; or if the sanctuary became \"hidden\" to him, and he remembered his uncleanliness; or if both became hidden from him, and he bowed down [in this interval of hiddenness towards the inside, even if he did not wait], or if he waited the amount of time for bowing down, [i.e., or if he bowed down towards the outside; this, if he waited the amount of time for bowing down, that being the amount of time it takes one to recite the following verse at moderate speed (II Chronicles 7:3): \"And they kneeled down with their faces to the ground upon the pavement and prostrated themselves to give thanks to the L rd. For He is good; for His lovingkindness endures forever.\"]; or if he left the long way, [and not the shorter way, even if he did not wait in the beginning], he is liable. And by the shorter way [when he did not bow down or wait], he is not liable. This is a positive commandment in the sanctuary [(Numbers 5:2): \"And they shall send out of the camp … everyone that is unclean\"] for which they [beth-din] are not liable [to offer a \"bullock of forgetfulness.\" That is, if they erred in this and instructed him to leave by the longer way, they do not bring for this mistaken ruling a bullock for forgetfulness of the congregation (see Leviticus 4:14)].",
+ "\tAnd which is a positive commandment of niddah [comparable to that of the sanctuary, where the uncleanliness occurs after permitted entrance], where they [beth-din] are liable [for a bullock of forgetfulness if they erred in the ruling]? If he were cohabiting with a clean (non-niddah) woman [having \"entered\" permittedly], and she said to him: \"I have become unclean\" [now], and he withdrew immediately [with erect organ], he is liable, for his withdrawal is pleasurable to him as is his entry. [But he should wait without movement until the organ \"dies\" and withdraw when he has lost his erection. This is the positive commandment of niddah.]",
+ "\tR. Eliezer says (Leviticus 5:2): \"…creeping thing (sheretz) … and it be hidden from him\": He is liable for \"hiddenness\" of creeping thing, and he is not liable for hiddenness of the sanctuary. [It is written: \"…or (if he touch) the carcass of an unclean creeping thing and it be hidden from him.\" This is a superfluous verse, for above it is written: \"Or if a soul touch any unclean thing\" and \"sheretz\" is included in \"unclean thing.\" This is to apprise us that if he knew for a certainty that he had become unclean, but did not know if through a sheretz or though carrion (neveilah), he is not liable for an offering if he ate sanctified food; he must know through which he became unclean.] R. Akiva says: \"…and it be hidden from him and he is unclean\": He is liable for hiddenness of uncleanliness, but he is not liable for hiddenness of the sanctuary. R. Yishmael says: \"and it be hidden\" is written twice (verses 2 and 3), to make one liable for hiddenness of uncleanliness and for hiddenness of sanctuary. [R. Akiva holds that since he knew for a certainty that he had become unclean, even though the specific type of uncleanliness — sheretz or neveilah — is not known to him, he is liable. And both (R. Eliezer and R. Akiva) exempt him for hiddenness of sanctuary, and R. Yishmael holds him liable. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yishmael.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tOaths are two, which are four: I swear that I shall eat, or that I shall not eat [These are the two which are explicitly written. Viz. (Leviticus 5:4): \"to do ill or to do good,\" implying in the future: I shall not eat — \"to do ill\"; I shall eat — \"to do good.\"]; (I swear) that I have eaten, or that I have not eaten [These are the additional two derived by the sages.] \"I swear that I shall not eat,\" and he ate any amount, he is liable. These are the words of R. Akiva. They asked him: Where do we find that one who eats any amount is liable, that this one should be liable! He countered: And where do we find that one who speaks brings an offering [for breaking his word] that this one should speak and bring an offering! [And since it is because of breaking his word (that he is liable), this, too, is breaking his word. For when one says \"I shall not eat,\" he means any amount.] \"I swear that I shall not eat,\" and he ate and drank, he is liable only for one (offering). [Even though drinking is included in eating, he is liable only for one, for it is as if he eats, and eats again, in one act of forgetfulness.] \"I swear that I shall not eat and that I shall not drink,\" and he ate and drank, he is liable for two. [This constitutes two oaths. And even though when he said \"I shall not eat,\" drinking (too) was forbidden to him, drinking being included in eating, so that when he then said \"I shall not drink,\" there is reason to say that one oath does not \"take\" on another (of the same kind), it is different here. For since he first said \"I shall not eat,\" and then, \"I shall not drink,\" it is made manifest that by \"eat\" he meant eating alone.]",
+ "\t\"I swear that I shall not eat,\" and he ate a loaf of wheat, and a loaf of barley, and a loaf of spelt, he is liable only for one. \"I swear that I shall not eat a loaf of wheat, and a loaf of barley, and a loaf of spelt,\" and he ate, he is liable for each one. [His repeating \"loaf,\" \"loaf,\" indicates that he intended a distinct oath for each. For if he intended no more than to forbid these kinds to himself and no more, he would have said \"a loaf of wheat, and also of barley, and also of spelt.\"]",
+ "\t\"I swear that I shall not drink,\" and he drank many (different kinds of) drinks, he is liable only for one. \"I swear that I shall not drink wine, and oil, and honey,\" and he drank, he is liable for each one. [The Gemara construes this as an instance of one's urging him: \"Come and drink with me wine, oil, and honey.\" (If he intended one oath,) he would have said \"I swear I shall not drink with you,\" and no more, the oath applying to what was being urged upon him. Why \"wine, oil, and honey,\" if not to render them distinct?]",
+ "\t\"I swear that I shall not eat,\" and he ate things which are not fit for eating and drank things which are not fit for drinking, he is not liable. \"I swear that I shall not eat,\" and he ate carrion and treifoth, forbidden animals and reptiles, he is liable. [For they are fit for eating; it is just that the Torah forbids them.] R. Shimon rules not liable. [For he is already besworn (by the Torah) against them. And the dispute between R. Shimon and the first tanna obtains where he includes permitted things with forbidden ones, as where he says \"I swear that I shall not eat slaughtered meat and treifoth.\" The first tanna holds that since the oath \"takes\" with slaughtered meat, it also takes with treifoth, for one prohibition takes effect upon another in the instance of an inclusive prohibition. And R. Shimon holds that it does not. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.] If one says: \"I bevow my wife benefit from me if I have eaten today,\" and he had eaten carrion and treifoth, forbidden animals and reptiles, his wife is forbidden (to benefit from him). [For he had eaten foods. And even R. Shimon (agrees in this.) For the reason he rules not liable in the first instance is not that they are unfit for eating but because an oath does not take on something forbidden.]",
+ "\t(He is liable) both for things that relate to himself and for things that relate to others, [as follows: \"I shall give to that man, etc.\"], both for things of substance and for things lacking substance. [Two types are implied: Things like sleeping and things devoid of benefit, e.g. \"I shall throw a stone into the sea.\"] How so? I swear that I shall give that man or that I shall not give. That I have given or that I have not given. That I shall sleep or that I shall not sleep. That I have slept or that I have not slept. That I shall throw a rock into the sea or that I shall not throw. That I have thrown or that I have not thrown. R. Yishmael says: He is liable only for the future, it being written (Leviticus 5:4): \"to do ill or to do good.\" R. Akiva said to him: If so (he should be liable) only for things involving ill or good. Whence do I derive (that he is also liable for) things not involving ill or good? He answered: From the amplification of the verse, [(Ibid.): \"…for all that a man will pronounce.\"] R. Akiva: If the verse was amplified for this (i.e., all things), it was also amplified for that (i.e., to include the past). [The (rationale) of the dispute between R. Akiva and R. Yishmael: In all the Torah, R. Akiva expounds amplification and limitation, and R. Yishmael, general and particular. R. Akiva expounds: \"Or if a soul swear\" — amplification; \"to do ill or to do good\" — limitation; \"for all that a man will pronounce\" — reversion to amplification. Amplification - limitation - amplification — Everything is included. What is included? All past things are included (for oath liability) just as future (things are indicated.) And what is excluded? Oaths involving mitzvoth. And R. Yishmael expounds: \"Or if a soul swear\" — general; \"to do ill or to do good\" — particular; \"for all that a man will pronounce\" — reversion to general. General - particular - general — What is derived must accord with the nature of the particular. Just as the particular is explicitly in future state, so all must be in future state. The halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva.]",
+ "\tIf one swore to refrain from (the performance of) a mitzvah, but did not do so, he is not liable. If he swore to fulfill it, but did not do so, he is not liable [by reason of an oath of pronouncement, but he is liable by reason of a vain oath.] For according to R. Yehudah b. Betheira he should be liable [by reason of an oath of pronouncement.] (For) R. Yehudah b. Betheira said: Now if with something optional, for which he is not besworn from Mount Sinai, he is liable for it — a mitzvah, for which he is besworn from Mount Sinai, does it not follow that he should be liable for it! They said to him: No, it is so with an oath for something optional, where not doing is equated with doing, [it being written \"to do ill or to do good,\" implying something which may either be done or not done], as opposed to an oath for a mitzvah, where not doing is not equated with doing, so that if he swears to refrain from doing and does not do so, he should not be liable. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\t\"I swear that I shall not eat this loaf. I swear that I shall not eat it. I swear that I shall not eat it,\" and he ate it, he is liable only for one. [The reason that he is liable only for one is that the (second) oath does not \"take\" on the first. But if he first said: \"I shall not eat it,\" and then: \"I shall not eat,\" and he ate the whole thing, he is liable for two. For when he says: \"I shall not eat it,\" he is not liable until he eats the whole thing, and when he then says: \"I shall not eat,\" once he eats an olive-size of it, he is liable. Therefore, the second oath takes, and he is liable when he eats an olive-size of it. And when he then eats the whole thing, he is liable by reason of the first oath. (\"I swear that I shall not eat it. I swear that I shall not eat it\":) Even though the second oath, \"I shall not eat it,\" is enough to apprise us that one oath does not \"take\" on the other, the third is still taught to apprise us that even though there is no liability for the latter oaths, they are nonetheless oaths, and not vain words, and if they can \"find a place,\" they take effect. For if a sage absolves him of the first, the second takes effect and it is forbidden to him by reason of the second oath. Likewise, if he is absolved of the first two, the third takes effect. For the sage uproots the vow completely, so that it is as if he had never vowed, and the second \"takes\" retroactively, the first being regarded as non-existent once he has been absolved of it.] This is an oath of pronouncement, where for willful transgression one is liable to stripes, and for unwitting transgression, to an oleh veyored offering. With a vain oath, for willful transgression one is liable to stripes, and for unwitting transgression, he is not liable.",
+ "\tWhich is a vain oath? Swearing to what is at variance with what is known to man: saying about a pillar of stone that it is gold; about a man, that he is a woman; about a woman, that she is a man. Swearing to the impossible: If I did not see a camel flying in the air. [i.e., Let all the fruits in the world be forbidden to me if I did not see a camel flying in the air] and if I did not see a snake like the beam of the olive press. [i.e., in the shape of the beam of the olive press. For (if he said) as thick as the beam of the olive press, this would not be a vain oath, there being many such.] If he said to witnesses: \"Come and testify for me,\" (and they said:) \"We swear that we will not testify for you,\" (this is a vain oath). [This is negating a mitzvah, for they are obliged to testify, it being written(Leviticus 5:1): \"If he does not tell (i.e., testify), then he shall bear his sin.\"] Swearing not to perform a mitzvah: not to make a succah, not to take a lulav, not to put on tefillin. This is a vain oath, where for willful transgression one is liable to stripes, and where for unwitting transgression, he is not liable.",
+ "\t\"I swear that I shall eat this loaf. I swear that I shall not eat it,\" the first is an oath of pronouncement; the second, a vain oath. If he eats it, he is in transgression of a vain oath. If he does not eat it, he is in transgression of an oath of pronouncement. [This is the intent: If he eats it, he transgresses a vain oath alone. If he does not eat it, he transgresses an oath of pronouncement as well. For when he swears \"I shall eat this loaf,\" he is obliged to eat it. So that when he then swears \"I shall not eat it,\" he is swearing not to perform a mitzvah, and he receives stripes by reason of a vain oath whether he does or does not eat it. And if he does not eat it, he is liable twice: by reason of a vain oath and by reason of an oath of pronouncement.]",
+ "\tAn oath of pronouncement obtains with men and with women. [Since it is to be taught (4:1): \"The oath of testimony obtains with men and not with women, etc.\", it is taught that an oath of pronouncement does obtain with all of these.], with non-kin and with kin, [e.g., \"I shall give that man,\" whether non-kin or kin], whether kasher [to testify] or not, both before beth-din and not before beth-din — by his own mouth. [He must utter the oath with his own mouth, but if others beswore him: \"Did you eat or did you not eat?\" and he said \"I did not eat,\" when he did, or the opposite — he is not liable if he did not answer \"Amen.\" And if he did answer \"Amen\" after another beswore him, it is as if he swore himself, and he is liable.] For willful transgression, one is liable to stripes; for unwitting transgression, to an oleh veyored offering.",
+ "\tA vain oath obtains with men and with women, with non-kin and with kin [e.g., if he swore about a man, whether non-kin or kin, that he is a woman], whether kasher (to testify) or not, both before beth-din and not before beth-din — by his own mouth. For willful transgression, one is liable to stripes; for unwitting transgression, he is not liable. With both [a vain oath and an oath of pronouncement], if he is besworn by others, he is liable [if he answers \"Amen.\"] How so? If he said: \"I did not eat today,\" or \"I did not put on tefillin today,\" (and another said:) \"I beswear you,\" and he answered \"Amen,\" he is liable."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThe oath of testimony obtains with men, and not with women, [it being written (Leviticus 5:1): \"and he is a witness.\" Scripture speaks of one who is fit to testify, and a woman is not fit to testify, it being written (Deuteronomy 19:17): \"Then the two men shall stand\" — men and not women. And that verse speaks of witnesses, it being written there: \"two,\" and elsewhere (Ibid. 14): \"By word of two witnesses.\"], with non-kin, and not with kin, [kin being unfit to testify, it being written (Ibid. 24:16): \"Fathers shall not be put to death by sons\" — by the testimony of sons. And the same applies to the other kin.], with those who are kasher, and not with those who are pasul (\"rejected\"), [such as those liable to the death penalty, those liable to stripes, and robbers, these being called \"evildoers,\" and the Torah writing (Exodus 23:1): \"Do not make an evildoer a witness.\"] And it obtains only with those who are fit to testify, [to exclude a king, who does not testify, and those who are unfit to testify by rabbinic ordinance, such as gamblers and pigeon racers.], before beth-din and not before beth-din by his own mouth [i.e., If he himself says \"I swear that I know of no testimony for you,\" he is liable, whether he swore before beth-din or not before them.] And (if besworn) by others, they are not liable unless they deny (possessing testimony) in beth-din. [e.g., If one says to them: \"I beswear you to come and testify for me,\" and they say: \"We know of no testimony for you,\" they are not liable unless they deny it in beth-din, it being written (Leviticus 5:1): \"If he does not know, he shall bear his sin\" — in a place (beth-din), where if he told, it would avail. And the verse speaks of one who is besworn by others.] These are the words of R. Meir. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.] The sages say: whether swearing by himself or besworn by others, they are not liable unless they deny it in beth-din.",
+ "\tAnd they are liable [for an oleh veyored offering] for willfulness in the oath, [\"and it be hidden\" not being written in this connection], and for unwittingness with willfulness in (withholding) testimony, [i.e., where they know that the oath is forbidden, but not that it makes them liable for an offering.] And they are not liable for unwittingness [if they were completely unwitting, assuming that they had no testimony for him, and then remembered. For in that instance they could not help it, and (Leviticus 5:22): \"…and he swear falsely, etc.\" does not apply to them.] And for what are they liable for willfulness in the oath? For an oleh veyored offering.",
+ "\tThe oath of testimony. How so? If he said to two: \"Come and testify for me\" (and they responded:) \"We swear that we know no testimony for you\"; or if they responded: \"We know no testimony for you,\" (and he said:) \"I beswear you,\" and they said: \"Amen,\" they are liable. If he beswore them five times outside of beth-din, and they came to beth-din and admitted (that they knew testimony), they are not liable, [even if they denied it for every oath outside of beth-din. For denial outside of beth-din is not deemed denial.] If they denied it (in beth-din), they are liable for each one, [it being written (Leviticus 5:5): \"And it shall be, if he be guilty for one of these\" — to make him liable for each one.] If he beswore them five times before beth-din, and they denied it, they are liable only for one. R. Shimon said: Why is it [that they are liable only for one even if they kept silent and denied it at the end? Why do we not say that the denial applies to all of the oaths, to render them liable for each one?] (The answer:) Since [if they denied it in beth-din the first time], they cannot go back and admit it. [i.e., Since they already said that they know no testimony for him, they cannot go back and testify (otherwise), therefore, even though they denied it only at the end, all of the oaths were superfluous, except the first. For if their silence at the first is regarded as denial, it is no longer fit to beswear them; and if it is not regarded as denial, they are already besworn, and the subsequent oaths are \"oaths upon an oath.\" Perforce, then, \"'for one,' to make him liable for each one\" speaks of oaths outside of beth-din and denial in beth-din. For oaths by which he beswears them to come and testify in beth-din are not superfluous and lend themselves to division. For if they denied it there at the first, they could be besworn again.]",
+ "\tIf both denied it at the same time [i.e., in the same \"speaking span\"], both are liable. (If they denied it) one after the other, [i.e., after the \"speaking span\"], the first is liable, and the second, not. [For since the first denied it (i.e., that he could testify), the second can no longer testify, being only one.] If one of them denied and the other admitted, the denier is liable. If there were two sets of witnesses — If the first denied it and then the second denied it, they are both liable, because the testimony can obtain through both. [The Gemara asks: Why should the first set be liable if there is a second set? What loss did they cause him by their denial? And it answers that our Mishnah is speaking of an instance where the witnesses in the second set were kin through their wives, not being kasher to testify when the second set denied, and their wives were gosesoth (at the point of death). I might think that since the ruling is: \"most gosesim die,\" it is as if they are already dead, and the first set should not be liable, for there is still a second set; we are, therefore, apprised (that this is not so) for now (at the time of the denial) they had not yet died. It is found, then, that only the first set was there at the time of the denial, for which reason they are liable.]",
+ "\t\"I beswear you if you do not come and testify for me that that man owes me a pledge, and tsometh yad (lit., \"a placing in the hand\") [i.e., a loan, money \"placed in another's hand\"], and (restoration of) theft, and a lost object\" [i.e., He found something that I lost] — (If they say:) \"We swear that we do not know any testimony for you,\" they are liable only for one. (If they say:) \"We swear that we do not know that that man owes you a pledge, and a tsometh yad, and theft, and a lost object,\" they are liable for each one. \"I beswear you if you do not come and testify for me that that man owes me a pledge of wheat, barley, and spelt.\" \"We swear that we do not know any testimony for you,\" they are liable only for one. \"We swear that we do not know testimony for you that that man owes you wheat, and barley, and spelt, they are liable for each one. [The former apprises us of one kind (i.e., money) and distinct claims; the latter, of one claim — a pledge — and distinct kinds.]",
+ "\t\"I beswear you if you do not come and testify for me that that man owes me damages (or) half-damages\" [half-damages of tzroroth (stones flung from under the feet of walking animals), considered mamon (money, principal,) and not knass.]; \"four and five\" payment, [(beswearing them) by reason of the principal]; that he ravished or seduced my daughter, [(beswearing them) by reason of boseth (\"shame\") and p'gam (\"injury\"), which is monetary payment]; that my son struck me [a blow which did not cause a wound, in which instance there is no death penalty, in the absence of which monetary liability obtains]; and that my neighbor wounded me or that he set fire to my sheaves on Yom Kippur [This is included because even though he incurs kareth, he is still liable to pay] — they are liable (for transgression of the oath of testimony.)",
+ "\t\"I beswear you if you do not come and testify for me that I am a Cohein, that I am a Levite, that I am not the son of a divorcée, that I am not the son of a chalutzah, that that man is a Cohein, that that man is a Levite, that he is not the son of a divorcée, that he is not the son of a chalutzah,\" [they are not liable. For the witnesses are not liable unless they deny (knowing testimony) concerning something involving a monetary claim.], \"that that man ravished or seduced that man's daughter\" [\"his daughter\" refers to \"that man is a Cohein, etc.\" (above). Or it may refer to the daughter of the man spoken of until now. They are not liable because it is necessary that they (the witnesses) hear it from the claimant. The Gemara construes this as an instance of one's coming with power of attorney (harsha'ah). If it were a claim for other monies, they would be liable. We are here apprised that the one granted the harsha'ah is not regarded as the claimant himself here as he generally is. For since the monies being claimed were never in his (the claimant's) hand, he cannot write a harsha'ah upon them.], \"that my son wounded me\" [They are not liable, for if they testified, he would be liable to death and not to monetary payment], or \"that my neighbor wounded me or set fire to my sheaves on Shabbath,\" they are not liable [For both are liable to death and not to monetary payment.]",
+ "\t\"I beswear you if you do not come and testify for me that that man said he would give me two hundred zuz, and he did not,\" they are not liable. For they are liable only for a claim of money like a pledge, [it being written in respect to the oath of testimony (Leviticus 5:1): \"sin,\" and, in respect to the oath over a pledge, \"sin.\" Just as the oath over a pledge is for a claim of money owed him, so the oath of testimony must be for a claim of money owed him. And the above is not such a claim. For even if the other did say that he would give him two hundred zuz, this does not make him liable to do so.]",
+ "\t\"I beswear you that when you know testimony for me you come and testify for me,\" they are not liable, for (in such an instance) the oath precedes the testimony, [whereas the Torah states (Leviticus 5:1): \"…and he hear the voice of a curse (i.e., the oath) and he saw or knew, etc.\", the witnessing preceding the oath, and not the oath preceding the witnessing.]",
+ "\tIf he stood up in the house of prayer and said (to the congregation): \"I beswear you that if you know testimony for me, you come and testify for me,\" they are not liable, until he designates them, [it being written (Leviticus 5:1): \"…and he be a witness\" — he must designate his witnesses.]",
+ "\tIf he said to two: \"I beswear you and you, if you know testimony for me, that you come and testify for me.\" (They:) \"We swear that we do not know testimony for you\" — and they do know testimony for him, one witness by way of another — or if one of them were kin or pasul (unfit to testify) — they are not liable. [For if they did testify, their testimony would avail him naught.]",
+ "\tIf one sent his servant (to make his claim) or if the claimee said to them: \"I beswear you that if you know testimony for him you come and testify for him,\" they are not liable, until they hear it from the mouth of the claimant, [it being written (Leviticus 5:1): \"if he does not (lo) tell,\" (lamed, vav, aleph) to be expounded: If to him (lamed vav), i.e., to the claimant, he does not (lamed aleph) tell, then he shall bear his sin. But if he does not tell another, he is not liable.]",
+ "\t\"I beswear you,\" \"I command you,\" \"I ban you\" — they are liable. [This, if he says: \"I command you with an oath,\" \"I ban you with an oath.\"] \"By heaven and earth\" — they are not liable. \"By Aleph-daleth,\" \"By Yod-keh,\" \"By Shakkai,\" \"By Tzevakoth,\" \"By Chanun Verachum,\" \"By Erech Apayim Verav Chesed,\" and by all the (other) epithets — they are liable. One who curses [the L rd] with any one them is liable (to stoning). These are the words of R. Meir. The sages exempt him, [holding him to be liable to stoning for cursing the Name (the tetragrammaton) alone, it being written (Leviticus 24:6): \"If he blasphemes the Name, he shall be put to death.\" And for the epithets, he is in transgression of the exhortation (Exodus 22:27): \"Elokim you shall not revile.\" And in respect to the oath of testimony, the sages concur with R. Meir that they are liable for the epithets as well as for the Name, it being written (Leviticus 5:4): \"…and he hear the voice of a curse.\"] If one curses his father or mother with any one of them, he is liable. These are the words of R. Meir. The sages exempt him. If one curses himself or his neighbor with any one of them, he transgresses a negative commandment. [(\"himself\"): (Deuteronomy 4:9): \"Take heed to yourself, and heed your soul exceedingly.\" Wherever \"Take heed,\" \"Lest,\" or \"Do not,\" is written, a negative commandment is indicated. (\"his neighbor\":) (Leviticus 19:14): \"Do not curse a deaf man\" — Do not curse even the deaf man, who does not hear and is not offended by the curse. How much more so, those who hear and are offended.] \"May G d smite you,\" \"And so may G d smite you\" — this is the \"curse\" stated in the Torah (Leviticus 5:2). \"May He not smite you,\" \"May He bless you,\" \"May He do good to you\" — R. Meir rules liable, and the sages, not liable. [If he said to the witnesses: \"May G d smite you if you do not testify for me,\" or if he heard one reading in the (section of) the curses in the Torah (Deuteronomy 28:22): \"May G d smite you,\" and he said to the witnesses: \"And so may G d smite you if you do not testify for me\"; or \"May G d not smite you if you testify for me,\" or \"May the L rd bless you if you testify for me,\" (or) \"May He do good to you if you testify for me\" — In all of these instances, R. Meir rules liable, the negative implying the affirmative, e.g., \"May G d not smite you if you testify for me,\" implying: \"May He smite you if you do not testify for me\"; likewise: \"May G d bless you if you testify for me,\" implying: \"May He curse you if you do not testify for me.\" In all of these the halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThe oath over a pledge obtains with men and with women, [Since it was taught in respect to the oath of testimony \"with men and not with women, etc.\", here, too, all are taught.] with non-kin and with kin [i.e., where the owner of the pledge is kin to the one with whom it is deposited], with those fit (to testify) and with those unfit, before beth-din and not before beth-din by himself. [i.e., If he swore by himself or answered \"Amen\" after the oath and then admitted (that he had sworn falsely), he is liable for an offering, it being written (Leviticus 5:21): \"…and he denies to his neighbor\" — in any event.] And (if he is besworn) by others [and does not answer \"Amen,\" as when one says to him: \"I beswear you to return my pledge to me,\" and he says: \"I have nothing of yours\"], he is not liable until he denies it in beth-din. These are the words of R. Meir. The sages say: Whether by himself or by others, if he denies it, he is liable. [The halachah is in accordance with the sages.] And he is liable (for an offering) for willfulness in the oath, [\"and it be hidden\" not being written in this connection. (willfulness in the oath\":) He remembers the pledge and he knows that denying it makes him liable to an offering.], and (he is liable) for unwittingness with willfulness in respect to the pledge [i.e., He does not know that the oath makes him liable to an offering, but he remembers that he has the pledge], and he is not liable for unwittingness (in respect to the pledge)]. And for what is he liable for willfulness in it (the oath)? A guilt-offering with silver shekels, [i.e., one which is purchased with two selaim, it being written in respect to the guilt-offering ram (Leviticus 5:15): \"according to your valuation, shekels of silver.\"]",
+ "\tThe oath over a pledge. How so? If one said to him: \"Give me my pledge that you have,\" (and he said:) \"I swear that I do not have it,\" or: \"I do not have it,\" and the first said: \"I beswear you,\" and he said: \"Amen,\" he is liable. If he beswore him five times, whether before beth-din or not before beth-din, he is liable for each one. R. Shimon said: Why so? For he can go back and admit it [after he denies it, so that with each oath, he is denying money.]",
+ "\tIf five men claimed from him: \"Give us our pledge that you have,\" (and he said:) \"I swear that I do not have it,\" he is liable only for one. \"I swear that I have neither yours, nor yours, nor yours, he is liable for each one. R. Eliezer says: (He is not liable for each one) until he says \"upon oath\" at the end, [viz.: \"I have neither yours, nor yours, nor yours, upon oath,\" so that the oath appertains to all.] R. Shimon says: Until he says \"I swear\" for each one. [The halachah is neither in accordance with R. Eliezer nor with R. Shimon.] \"Give me my pledge, my loan, (restoration of) my theft, and my lost object that you have.\" \"I swear that I do not have it\" — he is liable only for one. \"I swear that I have neither pledge, nor loan, nor theft, nor lost object\" — he is liable for each one. \"Give me my wheat, my barley, and my spelt that you have.\" \"I swear that I do not have it\" — he is liable only for one. \"I swear that I have neither wheat, nor barley, nor spelt\" — he is liable for each one. R. Meir says: Even if he says \"a wheat, a barley, and a spelt,\" he is liable for each one. [R. Meir holds that if one claims \"a wheat,\" he means the wheat species (and not an individual grain). The same is true for barley and spelt, viz. (Exodus 9:32): \"And the wheat and the barley were not smitten.\" So that it is as if he were claiming \"wheat, barley, and spelt.\" The rabbis hold (that he means) one grain of wheat, of barley, and of spelt. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Meir.]",
+ "\t\"You ravished or seduced my daughter,\" and he says: \"I did not ravish or seduce.\" \"I beswear you,\" and he says: \"Amen,\" he is liable. R. Shimon says he is not liable (for an offering) for he does not pay knass (penalty payment) by his own admission. [And since if he admitted it, he would not be liable, when he denies it, too, he is not denying money.] They said to him: Even though he does not pay knass by his own admission, he pays bosheth (\"shame\") and p'gam (\"injury\") by his own admission. [Therefore, he is denying money. The (rationale of the) dispute between the rabbis and R. Shimon: R. Shimon holds that when he says: \"You have ravished or seduced my daughter,\" he is claiming knass, whose amount is fixed, fifty (pieces of) silver, and he is not claiming bosheth and p'gam, whose amount is not fixed. For one does not leave something determinate to claim something indeterminate. Therefore, he is denying knass, and he is not liable. And the rabbis hold that he is claiming bosheth and p'gam. For one does not leave something which, if he (the other) admits it, he is liable for it, in favor of something which, if he admits it, he is not liable. Therefore, when he denies it, he is denying money, and he is liable. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon.]",
+ "\t\"You stole my ox.\" \"I did not steal it.\" \"I beswear you.\" \"Amen\" — he is liable. \"I stole it, but I did not slaughter it and I did not sell it.\" \"I beswear you.\" \"Amen\" — he is liable. \"Your ox killed my bondsman.\" \"It did not.\" \"I beswear you.\" \"Amen\" — he is not liable, [this being knass. For he pays thirty selaim even if he is worth only a dinar.] \"You struck me and wounded me.\" \"I did not strike and wound you.\" \"I beswear you.\" \"Amen\" — he is liable. If his bondsman said to him: \"You knocked out my tooth and blinded my eye.\" \"I did not.\" \"I beswear you.\" \"Amen\" — he is not liable, [this being knass. For his bondsman goes free for (loss of) one of his limbs.] This is the rule: Whoever pays by his own admission is liable; whoever does not pay by his own admission is not liable."
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThe oath of the judges [i.e., the oath by which the judges beswear him where there is acknowledgement of part of the claim], two silver [The claim must not be less than for two maoth of silver, a third of a dinar. For the dinar is six maoth, the weight of ninety-six medium sized se'oroth (barley-corns), so that the weight equivalent of two maoth is thirty-two se'oroth.], and the admission, the value of a p'rutah. [The admission which makes him liable to an oath must not be less than the value of a p'rutah. So that if what he denied was less than two (maoth of silver) or what he admitted, less than a p'rutah, he is not liable to a Torah mandated oath, but he is besworn a shvuath heseth (a consuetudinal oath) by rabbinical ordinance. One who is liable to a Torah mandated oath must hold an object in his hand (e.g., a Torah scroll or teffillin) when he swears; and one who is liable to a shvuath heseth does not hold an object in his hand, but the beadle of the congregation or the one who beswears him holds an object in his hand while the oath is being taken. There are only three Torah mandated oaths, and no more: (the oath for) one who admits part of the claim, (the oath administered) where one witness testifies against him and he swears in refutation of the witness, and the oath of the watchers (shomrim). All of the other oaths mentioned in the Mishnah are rabbinically prescribed, and are similar to Torah oaths in that an object is held. The only (substantive) difference between a Torah oath and those mentioned in the Mishnah is that if one is liable to a Torah oath and refuses to swear, beth-din go down to his property and exact payment in full, whereas if one is liable to a rabbinically prescribed oath and he refuses to swear, he is placed under the ban until he pays or swears. And if after thirty days of the ban he still refuses to either swear or pay, he is smitten \"stripes of rebellion\" (makkoth marduth), the ban is rescinded and he is \"let go,\" and they do not go down to his property.] And if the admission is not of the \"kind\" of the claim, he is exempt (from an oath). How so? (If one claims:) \"You owe me two silver (maoth,\" and he says:) \"I owe you only a p'rutah,\" he is exempt, [the admission not being of the \"kind\" of the claim, the claim being \"silver,\" and the admission copper. This, only when the claim is for the weight of two maoth of silver or more. But if he claims a coin of silver, the other had admitted a coin (of copper)!] \"You owe me two silver and a p'rutah\" — \"I owe you only a p'rutah,\" he is liable, [the premise being: If the claim is for wheat and barley, and the admission for any one of them, he is liable.] \"You owe me a maneh\" — \"I owe you nothing,\" he is exempt. \"You owe me a maneh\" — \"I owe you only fifty dinars,\" he is liable. \"You owe my father a maneh\" — \"I owe you only fifty dinars,\" he is exempt, for he is like the returner of a lost object, [who is exempt from an oath, as we learned: If one finds a lost object, he is not subject to an oath, for the public good. And this, only when the son does not claim positively that he owes his father a maneh, but only tentatively. But if he claimed it positively, and the other admitted to only fifty, he is subject to a Torah mandated oath, this not being like returning a lost object.]",
+ "\t\"You owe me a litra (a pound) of gold — \"I owe you only a litra of silver,\" he is exempt (from an oath), [the admission not being of the \"kind\" of the claim.] \"You owe me a dinar of gold\" — \"I owe you only a dinar of silver,\" or \"a pondion,\" or \"a p'rutah,\" he is liable, for all are a kind of coin. \"You owe me a kor of produce\" — \"I owe you only a lethech [a half-kor, fifteen sa'ah] of pulse,\" he is not liable. \"You owe me a kor of fruits\" — \"I owe you only a lethech of pulse,\" he is liable, for pulse is included in \"fruits.\" If he claimed wheat and the other admitted barley, he is exempt. R. Gamliel says that he is liable. If he claimed jugs [full of] oil, and the other admitted [empty] vessels — Admon says: Since he admitted part of the claim, he swears. [For it is like one's claiming wheat and barley, and the other admitting one of them. The halachah is in accordance with Admon, but it is not in accordance with R. Gamliel, who rules that there is liability with a claim of wheat and an admission of barley.] The sages say that the admission is not of the \"kind\" of the claim. R. Gamliel said: \"I see (i.e., concur with) the words of Admon.\" If he claimed vessels and land, and the other admitted vessels and denied land, (or he admitted) land and denied vessels, he is exempt[from a Torah mandated oath. (He swears) neither for land nor for vessels, admission of land not making one subject to an oath, no oath being mandated for land.] If he admitted some land, he is exempt. If he admitted some vessels, [there being admission and denial without land], he is liable [to swear also for the land, through a gilgul shvuah (a \"rolled on\" oath)], unbound property \"carrying along\" bound property for oath liability.",
+ "\tNo oath is taken on the claim of a cheresh, a shoteh (an imbecile), or a minor. [(\"cheresh\":) as when the cheresh claims by gesturing, for the \"cheresh\" spoken of by the sages in all places is one that neither hears nor speaks. (\"a minor\":) it being written (Exodus 22:6): \"If a man give to his neighbor, etc.\", and the \"giving\" of a minor is insubstantial. And cheresh and shoteh are like minor in this regard. And it is only with a Torah oath that one does not swear on the claim of a minor, but a shvuath heseth is imposed for his claim.] And a minor is not besworn, but one is besworn for a minor and for hekdesh (dedicated property). [If one comes to exact payment from the property of a minor, he may do so only with an oath. Likewise, if one makes his property hekdesh and a bill is issued against it and the holder of the bill comes to exact payment from that property, he requires an oath.]",
+ "\tAnd these are things for which one is not besworn: bondsmen, bills, land, and hekdeshoth (dedicated property), [it being written (Exodus 22:8): \"For every thing of violation\" — general; \"for an ox, for an ass, for a lamb, for a garment\" — particular; \"for every lost object\" — reversion to the general. \"General-particular-general\" — the ruling follows the nature of the particular, viz.: Just as the particular is explicitly something movable and of intrinsic monetary value, so all (to impose oath liability) must be movable and of intrinsic monetary value: to exclude land, which is not movable; to exclude bondsmen, which are likened to land; to exclude bills, which, though movable, are not of intrinsic monetary value (but only corroborative documents). For all of these, one is not besworn. And one is not besworn for hekdesh, it being written (Ibid. 9): \"If a man give to his neighbor\" — and not (property) of hekdesh.] They are not subject to double payment (kefel), [kefel being paid only for those things which are included in that section as being of the nature of the particular] and they are not (subject to) four and five payment. [For wherever kefel does not obtain, there is no four and five payment. For the absence of kefel makes it a payment of three and four; and the Torah specifies \"four and five\" payment, and not \"three and four.\"], a shomer chinam (an unpaid watcher) does not swear (for those things) [The only thing to which a shomer chinam is liable is an oath, it being written (Exodus 22:7): \"Then the master of the house (the shomer chinam) shall draw near to the judges (to take an oath) that he did not send his hand, etc.\"; and that section speaks of a shomer chinam. And he is not besworn for bondsmen, land, and bills, it being written (Ibid. 6): \"If a man give to his neighbor\" — general; \"money or vessels\" — particular; \"to watch\" — reversion to the general. \"General-particular-general\" — The ruling follows the nature of the particular, viz.: Just as the particular is explicitly something movable and of intrinsic monetary value, so all, etc.: to exclude land, which is not movable, etc. And for all of the aforementioned he is not subject to a Torah mandated oath, but he is always liable for a shvuath heseth.], a nosei sachar (a paid watcher) does not pay (for those things). [(He does not pay) for theft and loss for which Scripture makes him liable, viz. (Ibid. 11): \"If stolen it shall be stolen from him, he shall pay to its owner.\" But for bondsmen, land, and bills, he does not pay, it being written in respect to a shomer sachar (Ibid. 9): \"If a man give to his neighbor\" — general; \"an ass or an ox or a lamb or any beast\" — particular; \"to watch\" — reversion to the general, etc., as stated above. \"his neighbor\" is written both in respect to shomer chinam and shomer sachar, implying his neighbor, and not hekdesh. Shoel (a borrower and socher (a hirer) are not mentioned here to exclude bondsmen, land, bills, and hekdesh. For borrowing generally does not obtain with land and bills; much more so hiring, which cannot apply to bills. Likewise, borrowing and hiring do not obtain with hekdesh, which it is forbidden to borrow or to hire.] R. Shimon says: Kodshim (sanctified objects) which the owner is bound to restore (if they are lost) are subject to an oath; those which he is not bound to restore are not subject to an oath.",
+ "\tR. Meir says: There are things which are like land and which are not like land; and the sages do not concur with him. How so? (If one says:) \"I gave you ten laden vines,\" and the other says: \"They are only five,\" R. Meir requires an oath, and the sages say: Whatever is attached to the ground is like the ground. [Grapes awaiting harvest are the point of difference between the sages and R. Meir. According to R. Meir, grapes awaiting harvest are regarded as harvested, and according to the sages, they are not regarded as harvested. The halachah is in accordance with the sages. And this, only in respect to watchers (shomrim), but in respect to buying and selling and ona'ah (overcharging), and admitting part of the claim — in all of these they hold that what awaits harvesting is regarded as harvested. And this is the halachah.] An oath is taken only on something that can be measured or weighed. How so? (If one says:) \"I gave you a house full (of produce),\" or: \"I gave you a pouch full (of money),\" and the other says: \"I don't know, but take what you put down,\" he is exempt (from an oath). If one says: \"Until the ziz\" [a beam of the upper story projecting from inside the house], and the other: \"Until the window,\" he is liable. [The rule: One is never liable for a Torah mandated oath unless the claim is for something that can be measured, weighed, or counted, and there is admission of part of the measure, or weight, or count.]",
+ "\tIf one lent his neighbor on a pledge, [the lender becomes a shomer sachar for it, whether or not the pledge were taken at the time of the loan. If the pledge were lost or stolen, and it were as much as the (amount of) the debt, the (loss of) the pledge cancels the debt and neither has a claim against the other. If the debt were more than the pledge, the borrower pays the lender the difference. If the pledge were more than the debt, the lender pays the borrower. And if it were lost by accident, in which instance a shomer sachar is not liable, the lender, too, is not liable. He swears that it was lost by accident and collects the entire debt.] — If the pledge were lost: If he said: \"I lent you a sela for it, and it (the pledge) was worth a shekel [half a sela],\" and the other said: \"No, you lent me a sela and it was worth a sela,\" he is exempt (from an oath). (If one said:) \"I lent you a sela for it, and it was worth a shekel,\" and the other said: \"No, you lent me a sela for it and it was worth three dinars,\" he is liable. [For he admits part of the claim, a sela being four dinars.] (If one said:) \"You lent me a sela for it, and it was worth two (selaim),\" and the other said: \"No, I lent you a sela for it, and it was worth a sela,\" he is exempt. (If one said:) \"You lent me a sela for it, and it was worth two,\" and the other said: \"No, I lent you a sela for it, and it was worth five dinars,\" he is liable. And who swears [first]? The one who held the pledge. [i.e., The lender, who held the pledge, swears that he no longer has it], lest this one (the borrower) swear, and the other (the lender) produce the pledge. [Since the borrower must swear how much his pledge was worth, and the lender must swear that he does not have the pledge, even if he pays for it, (for we are afraid that he might have \"cast his gaze upon it\"), beth-din beswear the lender first that he does not have it, and then they beswear the borrower as to its worth, lest the borrower swear first without being particular about its true worth, and the lender then produce the pledge and disqualify him for testimony and oath.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tAll of those who are besworn by Torah mandate swear and do not pay. [The Torah did not mandate that the claimant swear and take, but that the claimee swear and not pay, it being written (Exodus 22:10): \"And its master shall take it, and he shall not pay\" — He who is being asked to pay takes the oath.] And these swear and take [The sages ordained that they swear and take. They are all explained later in the Mishnah:] a hired laborer, one who has been robbed, one who has been struck, one whose opposite is not trusted to take an oath, and a shopkeeper over his ledger. A hired laborer — how so? [The sages ordained that a hired laborer swear and take; for the employer is busy with his workers and may not remember. This, when he claims within the prescribed time: a day-laborer, all of the night following, and a night-laborer, all of the day following. But if he claimed after his time, the employer takes a shvuath heseth that he paid him and he is exempt. Also, if he did not hire him in the presence of witnesses, the hired laborer does not swear and take. For since he can tell him: \"I never hired you,\" he can also tell him: \"I hired you and I paid you.\"] If he said to him: \"Give me the pay that you owe me\" — If the other said: \"I gave it to you,\" and he: \"I did not receive it,\" he (the hired laborer) swears and takes it. [But if the laborer said to him: \"You stipulated that you would give me two,\" and the employer: \"I stipulated only one,\" the employer swears a Torah mandated oath that it is as he says, and he gives him only one.] R. Yehudah says: (He does not swear) unless there is partial admission. How so? As when he said: \"Give me my pay, fifty dinars, that you owe me,\" and the other said: \"You received a golden dinar (twenty-five silver dinars).\" [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah, neither in the instance of a hired laborer, nor in that of one who has been robbed or beaten.]",
+ "\tOne who has been robbed — how so? If they testified against him that he entered the other's house to take a pledge from him without being authorized to do so, [as when witnesses saw him enter the other's house with nothing in his hand and he left with vessels projecting from the folds of his garment] — He says: \"You took my vessels\"; the other says: \"I did not,\" he (the claimant) swears and takes. [For the indications are (that he did steal). For the witnesses testify that he took a pledge without authorization. This, when he claims something which he is likely to own, but if he claims \"a silver chalice,\" or the like, which he is not likely to own, it is not for him to swear and take (in all instances), but the claimee swears and exempts himself.] R. Yehudah says: (He does not swear) unless there is partial admission. How so? As when he said: \"You took two vessels,\" and the other said: \"I took only one.\"",
+ "\tOne who has been struck — how so? If they testified that he went into him whole and came out with a wound, and he said: \"You struck me,\" and the other said: \"I did not,\" he (the claimant) swears and takes (compensation). [This, only where the wound is in a place where it could have been self-inflicted, for which reason an oath is required. But where this is not possible, and it is evident that another must have caused it, as when tooth marks appear on his back and no one else (but the accused) was there, he collects without an oath.] R. Yehudah says: (He does not swear) unless there is partial admission. How so? As when he said: \"You struck me twice,\" and the other said: \"I struck you only once.\"",
+ "\tOne whose opposite is not trusted to take an oath — how so? (The other swears) whether (his opposite had transgressed in) an oath of testimony, or in an oath over a pledge, or even with a vain oath. [i.e., Not only where he has transgressed in an oath of testimony or in an oath over a pledge, where there is denial of money — \"evil to Heaven and evil to man\" — but even with a vain oath, where there is only evil to Heaven, his opposite swears and takes. An oath of pronouncement is not included, for it may be future-directed, such as \"I shall eat\" or \"I shall not eat,\" where the oath is a truthful one, his intent being to fulfill it, so that even though he is overcome by his evil inclination and transgresses, this does not render him not trusted to take an oath. But an oath of pronouncement concerning the past, such as \"I ate\" or \"I did not eat,\" is like a vain oath, for he swears falsely.] If one of them were a gambler, or a lender on interest, or a pigeon-flyer, or a dealer in [the fruits of] the sabbatical year (shevi'ith), his opposite swears and takes. [(If one of them were, etc.\":) First those unfit by Torah law are taught, and then those who are unfit by rabbinical ordinance. (\"a pigeon-flyer\":) some understand this as: \"If your pigeon comes in before mine, I will give you so much and so much,\" i.e., gambling. Others understand it as training a pigeon to fly other pigeons to one's coop, this being \"theft in violation of the ways of peace.\" (\"a dealer in shevi'ith\":) It is written (Leviticus 25:6): \"to eat\" — and not for trade.] If both of them were suspect (i.e., not trusted to swear), the oath returns to its place. These are the words of R. Yossi. [In the Gemara, some explain this as \"it returns to Sinai,\" i.e., to the oath of Mount Sinai, where the Holy One Blessed be He beswore Israel: \"Thou shalt not steal,\" and He will exact payment from the one who denies it to his neighbor; but beth-din need not resort either to oath or to (enforcement of) payment. And others explain it as: \"it returns to the one who is liable to it,\" i.e., the one who admits part; and since he is not trusted to swear, he pays.] R. Meir says: They divide.",
+ "\tAnd a shopkeeper over his ledger — how so? Not that he says to him: \"Write in my ledger that you owe me a hundred zuz,\" but (we are speaking of an instance in which) he said to him (the shopkeeper): \"Give my son two sa'ah of wheat,\" or \"Give my workers change of a sela.\" He says: \"I gave,\" and they say: \"We did not receive,\" he swears and takes, and they swear and take (from the employer). [For the shopkeeper says to him: \"I do not trust the workers to take an oath. You trusted them for you did not tell me to give it to them in the presence of witnesses.\" And the workers, likewise, say to the shopkeeper: \"We do not trust you to swear.\" And when they both swear and take from the employer, they swear before each other, so that either the shopkeeper (will be deterred) by shame before the workers, or the workers before the shopkeeper.] Ben Naness said: How can this be done? These will utter a vain oath or those will utter a vain oath! [For, perforce, one will swear falsely, and the Name of Heaven will be desecrated.] Rather, he takes without an oath and they take without an oath. [The halachah is not in accordance with Ben Naness.]",
+ "\tIf he said to the shopkeeper: \"Give me fruits for a dinar,\" and he gave them to him, [and the fruits are piled in the public domain, with neither of them in possession] — If he said: \"Give me the dinar,\" and the other said: \"I gave it to you, and you put it in your money-bag,\" the customer swears, [an oath similar to that of the Torah, and he takes (the fruits). For since the shopkeeper admits that he made the sale and the fruits are outside his shop, the customer swears and takes.] If he gave him the dinar and said: \"Give me the fruits,\" and he said: \"I gave them to you and you took them home, [and these piled up fruits are mine; I put them here to sell.\" And the other: \"These are the fruits that you sold me for a dinar,\" since the buyer admits the sale, and the shopkeeper denies having sold these], the shopkeeper swears an oath similar to that of the Torah and he takes (the fruits). R. Yehudah says: Whoever has possession of the fruits has the upper hand. [R. Yehudah differs with the last ruling, saying that in both cases the customer swears and takes. For since the fruits are outside the shop, it is as if they are in the customer's hand. And whoever has possession of the fruits has the upper hand, and he swears and takes.] If he said to a moneychanger: \"Give me change of a dinar,\" and he gave it to him — If he said to him: \"Give me your dinar,\" and he said to him: \"I gave it to you and you put it in your money-bag,\" the customer swears. If he gave him the dinar and he said: \"Give me the change,\" and he said: \"I gave it to you and you threw it into your pouch,\" the moneychanger swears. R. Yehudah says: It is not the way of a moneychanger to give an issar (small coin) before he takes the dinar. [The tanna apprises us of the difference between R. Yehudah and the rabbis both in respect to the change of the moneychanger and the fruits of the shopkeeper. For if he apprised us only of the latter, I might think that it is only with fruits that the rabbis said that if he said: \"I gave them to you and you took them home,\" the shopkeeper swears and takes, for a shopkeeper is wont to give the fruits before he takes the dinar; but with a moneychanger, who is not wont to give issarin before he takes the dinar, perhaps they would concur with R. Yehudah that the customer always swears and takes. And if he apprised us only of the former, I might think that the customer always swears and takes because the moneychanger is not wont to give issarin before he takes the dinar; but with a shopkeeper, who is wont to give the fruit before he takes the money, I might say that he concurs with the rabbis. We must, therefore, be apprised of both. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
+ "\tJust as they said (Kethuvoth 9:7) that a woman who \"impairs\" her kethubah [i.e., who produces her kethubah and admits that she has received partial payment] exacts payment only with an oath [if her husband claims that she has received the whole], and that if one witness testifies that it has been paid, she exacts payment only with an oath, and (that if she came to claim her kethubah) from bound property or from the property of the orphans, she exacts payment only with an oath, or that if she is paid not in his (her husband's) presence, she exacts payment only with an oath [(All revert to \"Just as\" (above), i.e., Just as none of these exacts payment without an oath)], so the orphans exact payment only with an oath. That is, orphans who exact payment from other orphans do so only with an oath. Our Mishnah speaks of an instance where the orphans who are being asked to pay say: We do not know whether or not our father paid this debt. But if they claim: Our father told us that he never borrowed this money and had never incurred this debt, then the orphans who produce the bill against the others exact payment without an oath. For saying \"I did not borrow\" is tantamount to saying \"I did not pay,\" and they cannot refute the witnesses who testify that their father did borrow this money. And we are taught that with an oath these orphans do exact payment from the others only in an instance where the creditor died in the debtor's lifetime; but if the debtor died in the creditor's lifetime, the creditor is already obliged to swear to the sons of the debtor that he received nothing. For one who exacts payment from orphans, even with a bill (of indebtedness) must swear. And one does not bequeath to his sons money for which he is obliged to swear, the sons not being able to take an oath for which their father is liable. But though this is the halachah, if a judge ruled that the orphans swear \"Our father did not charge us, etc.\" in order to exact payment from the other orphans thereby, what is done is done.[ (What is the oath?) \"We swear that father did not charge us [at the time of his death], and did not inform us [before that time, that the bill was paid], and we did not find among our father's bills (any indication) that this bill was paid.\" R. Yochanan b. B'roka says: Even if the son was born after the father's death, he swears and takes. [He swears that he did not find among his father's bills (any indication) that this bill was paid. This is the halachah.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel said: If there are witnesses that the father said at the time of his death: \"This bill has not been paid,\" he (the son) takes without swearing. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]",
+ "\tAnd these swear without a [definite] claim(against them) [but only with a tentative one, i.e., \"Is it possible that you withheld something of mine?\" And because all of these (that follow) are inclined to rationalize (appropriating things for themselves) in that they exert themselves with the property, the rabbis imposed an oath upon them]: partners, tenant-farmers, caretakers, [who manage one's money for him. But with a caretaker of orphans — if beth-din appoints him he swears; if the father of the orphans appoints him, he does not swear.], a woman who carries on trade in the house, [her husband having made her a shopkeeper or a caretaker for his property], and a \"son of the house\" [one of the brothers, who deals with the property after the father's death.] If he asks: \"What are you claiming from me\"? (and the other replies:) \"I want you to swear to me,\" he is liable (to do so). If the partners or the tenant-farmers divided [and did not make him swear at the time of the division], they cannot make him swear [thereafter]. If an oath were \"rolled on\" to him [by them, afterwards], for something else, they can \"roll\" everything [including this] upon him. [And just as \"rolling on\" obtains with a Torah mandated oath, and with an oath similar to a Torah oath, so does it obtain with a shvuath heseth.] And shevi'ith (the sabbatical year) \"releases\" the oath. [Not the oaths of partners, for shevi'ith dissolves neither partnership nor its oath. It is, rather, a loan and its oath that it releases.]"
+ ],
+ [
+ "\tThere are four watchers [and their provisions are three]: an unpaid watcher, a borrower, a paid watcher, and a hirer. An unpaid watcher swears on everything [that he was not derelict], a borrower pays for everything [mentioned below, viz.: seized, died, stolen, or lost, but he does not pay if it died through working, for he did not borrow it to \"keep it under wraps.\" (This Mishnah is explicated in Bava Metzia 7:8)]. A paid watcher and a hirer swear that (the beast was) \"broken,\" or seized, or died (and they are exempt); and they pay for loss and theft.",
+ "\tIf one said to an unpaid watcher: \"Where is my ox?\" And he said: \"It died,\" when, in reality, it had been broken or seized or stolen or lost — \"It was broken,\" when, in reality, it had died, or been seized, or stolen or lost — \"It was seized,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or stolen or lost — \"It was stolen,\" when, in reality, it had died, or been broken, or seized, or lost — \"It was lost,\" when, in reality, it had died, or been broken or seized or stolen — \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" he is exempt (from an offering). [For if he had admitted (the truth), he would have paid nothing, so that there is no denial of money here. And even though he swore falsely, the Torah prescribed an offering only where there is a denial of money. Likewise a judge can impose an oath only where, if he would admit (the claim), he would be liable for payment.]",
+ "\t(If one said to an unpaid watcher:) \"Where is my ox?\" and he said: \"I don't know what you are talking about,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or seized or stolen or lost — \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" he is exempt. \"Where is my ox?\" and he said: \"It was lost.\" \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" and the witnesses testify that he ate it, he pays the principal [and not kefel.] And if he admitted it himself [before witnesses came], he pays the principal and a fifth and a guilt-offering [as with the oath over a pledge, it (the fifth and the guilt-offering) not obtaining until he confesses and repents of his evil and comes to make atonement.] \"Where is my ox?\" And he said: \"It was stolen.\" \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" and the witnesses testify that he (himself) stole it, he pays kefel. [For if an unpaid watcher exempts himself by claiming that it was stolen and swears (to that effect) and witnesses come and testify (that he himself stole it), he pays kefel, it being written (Exodus 22:7): \"If the thief not be found,\" i.e., If it not be found as he said, but that he himself stole it, (Ibid. 8): \"he shall pay double.\" But if he comes to exempt himself by claiming that it was lost, he does not pay kefel.] If he admitted it by himself, he pays the principal and a fifth and a guilt-offering, [but not kefel, one who admits to knass (penalty payment) being exempt from it.]",
+ "\tIf one said to another in the market place: \"Where is my ox that you stole?\" and he said: \"I did not steal it,\" and the witnesses testify that he (himself) stole it, he pays kefel. [Here, we do not have \"I beswear you,\" for being an actual thief, he is liable to kefel (even) without an oath, it being written (Exodus 22:6): \"He (a thief) shall pay double.\"] If he saw witnesses coming and he said: \"I stole it, but I did not slaughter or sell it, he pays only the principal. [We are being apprised here that even though he admits it out of fear of the witnesses, still, the admission avails and exempts him from kefel. And since there is no kefel, he is exempt, too, from (payment for) the slaughtering, which he denied, so that if witnesses come and say that he stole and slaughtered or sold (he does not pay \"four and five\"), the Torah prescribing \"four and five\" and not \"three and four.\" For in the absence of kefel there is a reduction of one.]",
+ "\tIf one said to a borrower: \"Where is my ox?\" And he said: \"It died,\" when, in reality, it had been broken or seized or stolen or lost — \"It was broken,\" when, in reality, it had died or been seized or stolen or lost — \"It was seized,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or stolen or lost — \"It was stolen,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or seized or lost — \"It was lost\" — when, in reality, it had died or been broken or seized or stolen — \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" he is exempt (from an oath). [For even though he swore falsely he made himself liable to pay, so that there is no denial of money in this oath.]",
+ "\t(If one said to a borrower:) \"Where is my ox?\" And he said: \"I don't know what you are talking about,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or seized or stolen or lost — \"I beswear you,\" and he answered: \"Amen,\" he is liable, [having denied money. For if he had admitted (the truth) he would have been liable.] If he said to a paid watcher or to a hirer: \"Where is my ox?\" And he said: \"It died,\" when, in reality, it had been broken or seized — \"It was broken,\" when, in reality, it had died or been seized — \"It was seized,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken — \"It was stolen,\" when, in reality, it had been lost — \"It was lost,\" when, in reality, it had been stolen — \"I beswear you,\" and he answers: \"Amen,\" he is exempt. [For if he had admitted the truth, he would not have paid. Likewise, with \"It was stolen,\" when, in reality it had been lost,\" or vice versa, he is exempt, for he shifts from one liability to another and does not deny money with this oath.] It was lost or stolen,\" when, in reality, it had died or been broken or seized — \"I beswear you,\" and he answers: \"Amen,\" he is exempt, [for he shifts from non-liability (for payment) to liability, and loses by his oath.] This is the rule: Whoever shifts from liability to liability, from non-liability to non-liability, or from non-liability to liability is exempt (from the offering); from liability, to non-liability, he is liable. This is the rule: Whoever swears to decrease his (monetary) liability is liable (for the offering); to increase it, he is exempt."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ff27adf69da83b3468a6de0568aa47de1b26379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
+ "versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY-NC",
+ "versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Koren - Steinsaltz",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "With regard to oaths on an utterance of the lips, there are two types that are actually four types. The Torah specifies only two types of oaths whose violation renders one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering to atone for his transgression (see Leviticus 5:4): Where a person takes an oath to perform some action, and where he takes an oath to refrain from performing some action. With regard to both types, the Torah explicitly mentions liability only for an oath pertaining to one’s future behavior. Nevertheless, the Sages derive that one is also liable for a violation of both types of oaths when they pertain to one’s past behavior. Accordingly, although only two types are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. The mishna lists similar groups of halakhot. With regard to cases of awareness of the defiling of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are two types that are actually four. It is prohibited for an impure person to enter the Temple (see Numbers 19:20) or to partake of its sacrificial foods (see Leviticus 7:19–20). If one transgressed either prohibition during a lapse of awareness, then upon becoming aware of his transgression, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering (see Leviticus 5:2). The Torah specifies that one is liable to bring the offering only in the case in which he had a lapse of awareness of the fact that he was impure. The Sages derive that one is liable not only in these two cases, but also where he was aware of his personal status but had a lapse of awareness concerning the identity of the place he was entering or the status of the foods he ate. With regard to acts of carrying out that are prohibited on Shabbat, there are two types that are actually four. On Shabbat, it is prohibited to transfer an item from domain to domain. The Torah explicitly refers to only two cases, both of which involve an item being transferred from a private domain to a public domain: Where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the public domain, and where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the private domain. The Sages derive that liability is incurred in these cases also if the item is transferred from the public domain to the private domain. Although only two types are mentioned by the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. With regard to shades of leprous marks on a person’s skin, there are two types that are actually four. The Torah specifies that if a leprous mark appears on a person’s skin, the afflicted person must undergo a process of purification and then bring various offerings. Part of the classification of these types of leprosy is based on their shade of white. Two types of marks are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, and the Sages derive that each of these two types has a secondary mark.",
+ "The mishna returns to the subject of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods. It elaborates on which offerings atone for different cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods: In cases in which one had awareness, i.e., he knew he was ritually impure and was aware of the sanctity of the Temple or foods involved at the beginning, i.e., before he transgressed, and had awareness at the end, i.e., after the transgression, but had a lapse of awareness of one of those two components in between, while he actually transgressed, this person is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. For cases in which one had awareness at the beginning, transgressed during a lapse of awareness, and still had no awareness at the end, the goat whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, suspend any punishment that he deserves until he becomes aware of his transgression; and then to achieve atonement he brings a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "For cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but had awareness at the end, the goat whose blood presentation is performed outside the Sanctuary, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, atone, as it is stated with regard to the offerings brought on Yom Kippur: “One goat for a sin-offering aside from the sin-offering of the atonements” (Numbers 29:11). The verse juxtaposes the internal and external goats together to teach that for that which this one atones, that one atones. Just as the internal goat, i.e., the one whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, atones only for a case in which there was awareness of the components of the transgression at some point, i.e., at the beginning, so too, the external goat, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, atones only for a case in which there was awareness at some point, i.e., at the end.",
+ "And for cases in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, the goats brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings of the Festivals and the goats brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings of the New Moons atone. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: The goats of the Festivals atone for cases in which one never had awareness of the transgression, but the goats of the New Moons do not. But if so, for what do the goats of the New Moons atone? They atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. Rabbi Meir says: With regard to all the goats offered as additional offerings, those of the New Moons, Festivals, and Yom Kippur, their atonement, i.e., the atonement that they effect, is the same; they all atone for the defiling of the Temple by entering it while impure, or for the defiling of its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while impure. Rabbi Shimon would say, delineating his opinion as the mishna expresses it above: The goats of the New Moons atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. And with regard to the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, the goats of the Festivals atone for cases in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, and the goats of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur atone for cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but did have awareness at the end. The Rabbis said to him: What is the halakha with regard to whether goats consecrated for different days may be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? For example, if a goat was initially consecrated to be sacrificed as part of the Yom Kippur additional offerings, may it be sacrificed as part of the Festival additional offerings instead? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They may be sacrificed. They said to him: Since, according to you, their atonement is not the same, how could they possibly be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They can be interchanged, since ultimately all of them come to atone for the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods.",
+ "Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Shimon a tradition of his opinion that differs from the way the mishna expresses it above: The goats of the New Moons atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. The goats of the Festivals exceed them, as they atone both for a pure person who partook of impure sacrificial food and also for cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end. The goats of Yom Kippur further exceed them, as they atone both for a ritually pure person who partook of ritually impure sacrificial food and for cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end; and they also atone for cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but did have awareness at the end. The Rabbis said to him: What is the halakha with regard to whether goats consecrated for different days may be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? Rabbi Shimon said to them: Yes, they can be interchanged. They said to him: If what you say is so, granted that the goats of Yom Kippur may be sacrificed on the New Moons, but how could the goats of the New Moons be sacrificed on Yom Kippur when they will need to effect atonement for that which they were not consecrated for? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They can all be interchanged, since ultimately all of them come to atone for the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, even if each one atones for a different case.",
+ "And for the intentional defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, both the goat whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, atone. The mishna delineates how atonement is effected for other transgressions: For all other transgressions that are stated in the Torah, whether they are the minor ones or the major ones, whether they were intentional or unwitting, whether one became aware of them before Yom Kippur or did not become aware of them until after Yom Kippur, whether they involve a positive mitzva or a prohibition, whether the transgressors are subject to excision from the World-to-Come [karet] or to one of the court-imposed death penalties, the scapegoat sent to Azazel on Yom Kippur atones.",
+ "Israelites and priests and the anointed priest, i.e., the High Priest, achieve atonement from the scapegoat equally. What is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed priest? The difference is only that the priests achieve atonement for their defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods through the bull that the High Priest offers on Yom Kippur, whereas the Israelites achieve atonement for defiling caused by them through the goats that are sacrificed on Yom Kippur. Rabbi Shimon says: With regard to the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, just as the blood of the goat, whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for Israelites, so too, the blood of the bull of the High Priest, whose blood presentation is also performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for the priests. And for all other transgressions, just as the confession made over the scapegoat atones for Israelites, so too, the confession made over the bull atones for the priests."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to cases of awareness of the defiling of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are two types that are actually four. How so? If one became ritually impure and he was aware that he was impure, but afterward his impurity was hidden from him, though he remembered that he was partaking of sacrificial food, which is forbidden to one who is in a state of ritual impurity; this is one of the four types of awareness of impurity. If the fact that he was partaking of sacrificial food was hidden from him, though he remembered the ritual impurity that he had contracted; this is the second of the four types of awareness of impurity. And the same halakha applies if both this and that were hidden from him, both the fact that he was impure and the fact that he was partaking of sacrificial food. In all these cases, if he partook of the sacrificial food and was unaware either that he was impure, or that the food was sacrificial food, or both, and after he partook of it he became aware of that which he had forgotten, he is required to bring a sliding-scale offering. In this type of offering, the sinner sacrifices an animal, bird, or meal-offering, depending on his financial status. And similarly with regard to entering the Temple: If one became ritually impure and he was aware that he was impure, but afterward his impurity was hidden from him, though he remembered that he was entering the Temple, which is prohibited for one who is in a state of ritual impurity; this is the third of the four types of awareness of impurity. If the fact that he was entering the Temple was hidden from him, though he remembered the ritual impurity that he had contracted; this is the fourth type of awareness of impurity. And the same halakha applies if both this and that were hidden from him, both the fact that he was impure and the fact that he was entering the Temple. In all these cases, if he entered the Temple and was unaware either that he was impure, or that he was entering the Temple, or both, and after he left he became aware of what was hidden from him, he is required to bring a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "As for the boundaries of the Temple with regard to the halakhot of impurity, the same halakha applies to one who enters the area that was part of the original Temple courtyard and to one who enters the later addition to the Temple courtyard, because the additional section is sanctified with the full sanctity of the Temple courtyard. The mishna notes: As, additions can be made to the city of Jerusalem or to the Temple courtyards only by a special body comprising the king, a prophet, the Urim VeTummim, and the Sanhedrin of seventy-one judges, and with two thanks-offerings and with a special song. Once the addition to the courtyard is made by this body and this process, it is given the full sanctity of the original courtyard area. The mishna provides certain details of the consecration ceremony. And the court would move forward, and two thanks-offerings would be brought after them, and all of the Jewish people would follow behind them. When they would reach the end of the place that they desired to consecrate, the inner thanks-offering would be eaten and the outer one would be burned. The details of this ceremony will be described in the Gemara. And with regard to any addition to the Temple that was not made with all these ceremonial procedures, one who enters there while ritually impure is not liable to bring an offering if his entry was unwitting, nor to be punished with karet, excision from the World-to-Come, if his entry was intentional.",
+ "The first part of the mishna discussed one who became ritually impure before entering the Temple. The mishna proceeds to consider a case involving one who was ritually pure when he entered the Temple but who became impure while in the Temple courtyard, and afterward, his impurity was hidden from him but he remembered that he was standing in the Temple, or the fact that he was standing in the Temple was hidden from him but he remembered his impurity, or both this fact and that fact were hidden from him. In all these cases, if he bowed down, or he tarried in the Temple courtyard long enough to bow down even though he did not actually bow, or he went out by way of a longer route when he could have taken a shorter route, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. But if he left the Temple via the shortest way, he is exempt. This mitzva that the ritually impure must be sent out of the Temple is the positive mitzva concerning the Temple for which, as is taught elsewhere in the Mishna (Horayot 8b), the Sanhedrin is not liable to bring an offering for an erroneous ruling. A communal bull sin-offering is brought because of the unwitting transgression of a prohibition involving an action by the Jewish people resulting from an erroneous halakhic decision handed down by the Sanhedrin. But if the Sanhedrin mistakenly ruled that one who became impure while in the Temple may leave by way of a longer route, they do not bring this offering, as it is brought only for an erroneous ruling on a matter that requires the bringing of a fixed sin-offering, and not a sliding-scale offering, for its unwitting violation.",
+ "And which is the positive mitzva with regard to a menstruating woman for which, as is taught in Horayot there, the Sanhedrin is liable to bring a bull offering for an erroneous ruling? If a man was engaging in intercourse with a ritually pure woman, and during the course of their act of intercourse she experienced menstrual bleeding and said to him: I have become impure, and unwittingly he immediately withdrew from her and did not wait until his penis became flaccid, he is liable to bring a sin-offering for engaging in intercourse with a menstruating woman, because his withdrawal from her is as pleasant to him as his entry. If the Sanhedrin mistakenly ruled that one may withdraw immediately, they bring a bull offering for their erroneous ruling.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: With regard to the sliding-scale offering the verse states: “Or if a person touches any impure thing, whether it is the carcass of a non-kosher undomesticated animal, or the carcass of a non-kosher domesticated animal, or the carcass of a non-kosher creeping animal, and it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:2). A precise reading of this verse indicates that in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity by touching a creeping animal, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering for having defiled the Temple or the sacrificial food, but he is not liable to bring such an offering in a case where he has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food. Similarly, Rabbi Akiva says: The verse states: “And it is hidden from him, so that he is impure” (Leviticus 5:2), thereby teaching that in a case when one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering, but one is not liable to bring such an offering in a case when he has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food. Rabbi Yishmael says: The verse states: “And it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:2), and it states: “And it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:3), twice, in order to render one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering both in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity and in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to oaths attesting to the truth about an utterance, which, when violated, render one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering, there are two types that are actually four types. The initial two oaths, which relate to utterances about the future and are explicitly prohibited in the Torah, are: On my oath I will eat, or: On my oath I will not eat. These are expanded to four, to include oaths concerning utterances about the past: On my oath I ate, or: On my oath I did not eat. If one says: On my oath I will not eat, and he then ate any amount, even less than an olive-bulk, he is liable; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Akiva: Where do we find that one who eats any amount is liable, leading you to say that this person is liable? Rabbi Akiva said to them: And where do we find one who speaks and is liable to bring an offering for it, as this oath taker merely speaks, i.e., takes an oath, and brings an offering for it? If one said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate and drank, he is liable to bring only one offering, because an oath to refrain from eating includes refraining from drinking. If he said: On my oath I will not eat and I will not drink, and then he ate and drank, he is liable to bring two offerings.",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate wheat bread and barley bread and spelt bread, he is liable to bring only one offering. If he said: On my oath I will not eat wheat bread or barley bread or spelt bread, and then he ate all of them, he is liable to bring an offering for each and every one. ",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not drink, and then he drank several kinds of liquids, he is liable to bring only one offering. If he said: On my oath I will not drink wine or oil or honey, and then he drank all of them, he is liable to bring an offering for each and every one. ",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and he ate foods that are inedible or drank liquids that are not potable, he is exempt. If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate the meat of unslaughtered carcasses or tereifot, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, he is liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt, since he is already under oath from Mount Sinai not to eat them and an oath cannot take effect where another oath is in force. But if he said: It is konam for my wife to derive benefit from me if I ate today, and he had eaten carcasses or tereifot, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, his wife is prohibited from deriving benefit from him. ",
+ "If one unwittingly takes a false oath about the past or breaks an oath he made about the future, both if it is an oath that addresses matters that concern oneself and if it is an oath that addresses matters that concern others, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering for an oath on an utterance. And likewise, an oath on an utterance may address both tangible matters and intangible matters. How so? Examples of oaths about future actions that concern others are if one said: On my oath I will give so-and-so a particular item, or: On my oath I will not give it to him. Examples of such oaths about the past are if one said: On my oath I gave another a particular item, or: On my oath I did not give it to him. Examples of oaths about the future that address intangible matters are where one said: On my oath I will sleep, or: On my oath I will not sleep. Examples of such oaths about the past are where one said: On my oath I slept, or: On my oath I did not sleep. Other examples of oaths about intangible matters are when one takes an oath, saying: I will throw a stone into the sea, or: I will not throw it, or: I threw it, or: I did not throw it. Rabbi Yishmael says: One is liable only for an oath on an utterance taken about the future, as it is stated: “Or if anyone take an oath clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath” (Leviticus 5:4). The Torah refers explicitly only to oaths about what one will do in the future. Rabbi Akiva said to him: If so, and one is liable only for oaths explicitly mentioned in the verse, then I have derived only that one is liable for an oath on an utterance with regard to matters to which doing evil and doing good apply. From where do I derive that one is liable for an oath on an utterance with regard to matters to which doing evil and doing good do not apply? Rabbi Yishmael said to him: The halakha in these cases is derived by amplification of the meaning of the verse. Rabbi Akiva said to him: If the verse is amplified for this, i.e., to extend the halakha of an oath on an utterance to matters that do not involve doing evil or good, the verse is amplified for that, i.e., oaths about the past.",
+ "If one takes an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva and he does not refrain, he is exempt from bringing an offering for an oath on an utterance. If he takes an oath to perform a mitzva and he does not perform it, he is also exempt, though it would have been fitting to claim that he is liable to bring the offering, in accordance with the statement of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira. The mishna explains: Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira said: What? If, with regard to an oath concerning an optional matter, for which one is not under oath from Mount Sinai, he is liable for breaking it, then with regard to an oath about a mitzva, for which he is under oath from Mount Sinai, is it not logical that he would be liable for breaking it?The Rabbis said to him: No, if you said that one is liable for breaking an oath concerning an optional action, where the Torah rendered one liable for a negative oath not to perform it like for a positive oath to perform it, shall you also say one is liable with regard to breaking an oath concerning a mitzva, where the Torah did not render one liable for a negative oath like for a positive oath, since if one takes an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva and did not refrain, he is exempt. ",
+ "If one says: On my oath I will not eat this loaf, and he then says again: On my oath I will not eat it, and again: On my oath I will not eat it, and he then ate it, he is liable only once. Once the first oath had taken effect, the subsequent oaths could not, as a prohibition cannot take effect where another prohibition is already in place. This is an oath on an utterance, for which one is liable to receive lashes for intentionally breaking it, and for unwittingly breaking it one is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. For an oath taken in vain, one is liable to receive lashes when it is taken intentionally, and one is exempt when it is taken unwittingly. ",
+ "Which oath is an oath taken in vain, mentioned in the previous mishna (27b)? It is when one takes an oath to deny that which is known to people to be true, for example, one says about a stone column that it is made of gold, or about a man that he is a woman, or about a woman that she is a man. Another type of oath taken in vain is when one takes an oath about a matter that is impossible, e.g., if he says: If I did not see a camel flying through the air, or: If I did not see a snake as large as the beam of the olive press. In the case of one who said to witnesses: Come and testify for me, and they replied: On our oath we will not testify for you, that is an oath taken in vain, because it involves taking an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva. Other examples of this include an oath not to build a sukka, or not to take a lulav, or not to don phylacteries. This type of oath is an oath taken in vain, for which one is liable to receive lashes if he takes the oath intentionally, and for which he is exempt if he takes it unwittingly.",
+ " If one said: On my oath I will eat this loaf, and later said: On my oath I will not eat it, the first oath is an oath on an utterance, and the second is an oath taken in vain, as he took an oath to perform an action that would violate his previous oath. If he ate it, he violated the prohibition against taking an oath in vain. If he did not eat it, he violated the prohibition against breaking an oath on an utterance. ",
+ "As opposed to the halakhot of an oath of testimony, which will be discussed in the following chapter, the halakhot of an oath on an utterance apply to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to testify and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, i.e., when one takes an oath on his own, at his own initiative. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. ",
+ "Liability for an oath taken in vain applies to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to bear witness and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, and also when one takes an oath on his own. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is exempt. With regard to both this, an oath on an utterance, and that, an oath taken in vain, even if he is administered the oath by others, he is liable. For example, if one said: If I did not eat today, or: I did not don phylacteries today, and another said to him: I administer an oath to you that your statement is true, and the former said: Amen, he is liable if the statement was false. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "The oath of testimony is practiced with regard to men but not with regard to women, with regard to non-relatives of the litigants but not with regard to relatives, with regard to those fit to testify but not with regard to those unfit to testify due to a transgression that they performed. And the oath of testimony is practiced only with regard to those fit to testify. The oath of testimony is practiced both in the presence of a court and not in the presence of a court, when the potential witness takes the oath on his own. But if the oath is administered by others and those denying that they witnessed the incident in question neither take an oath nor answer amen to the administered oath, they are not liable until they deny any knowledge of the incident in question in court. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Whether one of the witnesses takes the oath on his own or whether the oath is administered by others, the witnesses are not liable until they deny any knowledge of the incident in question before the litigants in court. ",
+ "And one is liable for the act of taking a false oath with intent and for an unwitting act of taking a false oath, i.e., he is unaware of the liability for taking a false oath, provided that he takes the oath with intent in terms of the testimony, i.e., he takes an oath that he has no knowledge of the matter even though he knows that he witnessed the incident. But witnesses are not liable for taking the oath if they were unwitting in terms of the testimony, i.e., they believe that they have no knowledge of the matter. And what are they liable for by taking a false oath with intent? They are liable to bring a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "Liability to bring a sliding-scale offering for taking a false oath of testimony, how so? In a case where the plaintiff said to two individuals: Come and testify on my behalf, and they replied: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, i.e., we do not have any knowledge of the matter you speak of, or in a case where they said to him: We do not know any testimony on your behalf, and he said to them: I administer an oath to you, and they said: Amen; if it was determined that they lied, these two witnesses are liable. If he administered an oath to them five times outside the court, and they came to court and admitted that they had knowledge of the incident in question and testified, they are exempt. But if they denied knowledge of the incident in court as well, they are liable for each and every one of the oaths administered to them outside the court. If he administered an oath to them five times before the court, and they denied knowledge of the incident, they are liable for taking only one false oath. Rabbi Shimon said: What is the reason for this ruling? Since once they denied that they had any knowledge of the incident they can no longer retract that denial and admit that they have knowledge of the matter. Therefore, there was only one oath of testimony, and there is no liability for the remaining oaths.",
+ "If both of the witnesses denied knowledge of the incident together, both of them are liable. If they denied knowledge one after the other, the first who denied knowledge is liable, and the second is exempt, as once the first witness denies knowledge of the incident, the second is an individual witness, whose testimony is not decisive. If one of the two witnesses denied knowledge of the incident, and the other one admitted that he had knowledge and proceeded to testify, the one who denies knowledge of the incident is liable. If there were two sets of witnesses that took the oath of testimony, and the first set denied knowledge of the matter and then the second set denied knowledge of the matter, both of the sets are liable, because the testimony can exist with either of them, as even after the first set denies knowledge of the incident, the second remains capable of providing decisive testimony.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that I have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, and an outstanding loan, and a stolen item, and a lost item, and they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, they are liable for taking only one false oath of testimony. But if they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know that you have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, and an outstanding loan, and a stolen item, and a lost item, they are liable for each and every one of the components of the claim. It is as though they took a separate oath with regard to each of the details of the claim. In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that I have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit of wheat, and barley, and spelt, and they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, they are liable for taking only one false oath of testimony. But if they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf that you have in the possession of so-and-so wheat, and barley, and spelt, they are liable for each and every one of the components of the claim.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that I have in the possession of so-and-so an outstanding payment for damage; or an outstanding payment for half the damage, which the owner pays for damage caused by his innocuous ox goring another animal; or with regard to an outstanding payment of double the principal that a thief must pay the owner of the stolen item; or with regard to an outstanding payment of four or five times the principal that a thief pays when he stole a sheep or an ox, respectively, and then slaughtered or sold it; or in a case where the plaintiff said: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that so-and-so raped my daughter; or, he seduced my daughter; or, that my son struck me; or, that another injured me; or, that he set my stack of grain on fire on Yom Kippur; if in any of these cases the witnesses took an oath falsely denying any knowledge of the matter on behalf of the plaintiff, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to two witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that I am a priest, or that I am a Levite, or that I am not the son of a priest and a divorced woman, or that I am not the son of a priest and a ḥalutza, or that so-and-so is a priest, or that so-and-so is a Levite, or that he is not the son of a priest and a divorced woman, or that he is not the son of a priest and a ḥalutza; in all these cases the witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony, because these do not involve monetary claims. Likewise, if the plaintiff said to them: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that so-and-so raped his daughter, or that he seduced his daughter, or that my son injured me, or that another person wounded me on Shabbat, or that he set my stack of grain on fire on Shabbat; in all these cases these witnesses are exempt, as each case is punishable with the death penalty, and therefore they are cases that do not involve monetary payment.",
+ "If one said to witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that so-and-so said he is going to give me two hundred dinars and he did not give them to me, and they take false oaths that they have no knowledge of the matter, they are exempt from liability to bring an offering for taking a false oath of testimony, as one is liable for taking a false oath of testimony only in a case involving a monetary claim like a deposit in the sense that were the witnesses to testify, the individual would be liable to pay. In the case of a promise to give a gift he could claim that he merely reconsidered.",
+ "If one said to witnesses: I administer an oath to you that when you will know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony even if they do not testify, due to the fact that the oath preceded their knowledge of the relevant testimony.",
+ "If one stood in the synagogue and said for all to hear: I administer an oath to you that if you know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, these witnesses are exempt until he directs his demand to specific individuals.",
+ "If one said to two people: I administer an oath to you, so-and-so and so-and-so, that if you know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, and they respond: On our oath we do not know any testimony relevant to you, and they know testimony relevant to him, not based on an incident they witnessed but based on hearsay testimony, which is not valid testimony, or if one of the witnesses is found to be a relative or disqualified, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony because they are unfit witnesses.",
+ "If the plaintiff sent the demand for their testimony by means of his slave, or in a case where the defendant said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you that if you know any testimony relevant to the plaintiff that you will come and testify on his behalf, and they took a false oath that they have no knowledge of the matter, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony until they will hear the demand to testify directly from the mouth of the plaintiff.",
+ "The mishna discusses the formula of an oath of testimony. If the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf, or even if he said: I command you, or I bind you, although he did not employ an unequivocal formula of an oath, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony. If one administered the oath to the witnesses in the name of heaven and in the name of earth, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony, as that is not an oath in the name of God. If one administered the oath to the witnesses in the name of alef dalet, i.e., Adonai; in the name of yod heh, the Tetragrammaton; in the name of the Almighty [Shaddai]; in the name of the Lord of Hosts [Tzevaot]; in the name of the Gracious and Compassionate One; in the name of He Who is Slow to Anger; in the name of He Who is Abounding in Loving-kindness; or in the name of any of the appellations of God, even though he did not mention the ineffable name of God, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony. One who curses God employing any of these names or appellations of God is liable to be executed through stoning; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis deem him exempt, as they hold that one is liable for cursing God only if he employs the ineffable name of God. One who curses his father or his mother employing any of these names or appellations of God is liable to be executed through stoning; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis deem him exempt, as they hold that one is liable for cursing his father and his mother only if he employs the ineffable name of God. One who curses himself or another employing any of these names or appellations of God violates a prohibition. If one says: The Lord God shall strike you (see Deuteronomy 28:22), and likewise if one says: God shall strike you if you do not come to testify, that is a curse that is written in the Torah, and in such a case one is certainly liable if he fails to testify. If one says to the witnesses: God shall not strike you, or: God shall bless you, or: God shall benefit you if you come and testify, Rabbi Meir deems him liable, as one may infer from that statement that if he fails to testify God will strike him, or will not bless or benefit him. And the Rabbis deem him exempt because the curse is not explicitly stated."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who takes a false oath denying that he is in possession of an item that another deposited with him is liable to return the item with an additional one-fifth of its value and to bring a guilt-offering (see Leviticus 5:20–26). The halakhot of an oath on a deposit apply to men and to women, to non-relatives and to relatives, i.e., even if the owner of the deposit and the purported bailee are related, to those fit to serve as witnesses and to those disqualified from doing so. These halakhot apply when the oath is taken in the presence of a court and when taken not in the presence of a court, as long as the oath is taken on his own, i.e., stated by the defendant himself. But if the oath is administered by others, he is not liable unless he denies the claim in court; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Both when the defendant takes an oath on his own and when the oath is administered by others, once he has falsely denied the claim against him, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering and to pay restitution and an additional one-fifth, even if the oath was not administered in the presence of a court. And one is liable to bring an offering for intentionally taking a false oath on a deposit and for unwittingly taking a false oath about the intentional misappropriation of the deposit, i.e., if one knowingly took a false oath but was unaware that he is liable to bring an offering for taking the oath. But he is not liable for unwittingly taking a false oath by itself, where he mistakenly thought that he did not owe anything. And what is he liable for when he intentionally takes a false oath? He must bring a guilt-offering worth at least two silver shekels.",
+ "The mishna continues: What is the case of an oath on a deposit? It is where the claimant said to the defendant: Give me my deposit, which is in your possession, and the defendant replied: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession; or the defendant said to him: Nothing of yours is in my possession, the claimant responded: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen. In either case this defendant is liable to bring a guilt-offering if he lied. If the claimant administered an oath to him five times, whether in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, and the defendant falsely denied each claim, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering for each and every denial. Rabbi Shimon said: What is the reason? It is due to the fact that he is able to retract and confess after each oath and repay the claimant. Since he did not do so, each oath is considered a separate denial of a monetary claim.",
+ "If five people were suing him and they said to him: Give us back our deposit that is in your possession, and the defendant says: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds to each claimant: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, and nothing of yours, and nothing of yours, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim that he denied. Rabbi Eliezer says: He is not liable for his oath concerning each claim unless he says: On my oath, at the end of the denial, i.e., he says: Nothing of yours is in my possession, and nothing of yours, on my oath, so that it is clear that he is taking an oath to each one. Rabbi Shimon says: He is not liable for his oath concerning each claim unless he says: On my oath, to each and every claimant, i.e., he says: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, and on my oath nothing of yours, to each claimant separately. In a case where the claimant said: Give me back my deposit, and pledge, stolen item, and lost item that are in your possession, and the defendant responds: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds: On my oath I do not have in my possession your deposit, or pledge, stolen item, or lost item, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim. In a case where the claimant said: Give me back my wheat, and barley, and spelt that are in your possession, if the defendant responds: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds: On my oath I do not have in my possession your wheat, barley, or spelt, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim. Rabbi Meir says: Even if the defendant says: On my oath I do not have in my possession your grain of wheat, or grain of barley, or grain of spelt, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim.",
+ "The mishna continues: If one accuses another: You raped or you seduced my daughter, and the other says: I did not rape and I did not seduce your daughter, to which the father replied: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen, the defendant is liable to bring a guilt-offering if it is a false oath. Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt, since one does not pay a fine based on his own admission. Had he confessed he would have been exempt from paying the fine; he is therefore not liable for his denial. The Rabbis said to him: Even though he does not pay the fine based on his own admission, he does pay compensation for humiliation and compensation for degradation resulting from her being raped or seduced, which are monetary claims and not fines, based on his own admission. He is therefore liable for a false oath, as he denied a monetary claim.",
+ "Similarly, in a case where one person accuses another: You stole my ox, and the defendant says: I did not steal your ox, if the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen, he is liable to pay for the ox due to the theft and to bring a guilt-offering if he lied, since by his oath he is denying that he owes the value of the ox that he would have to pay if he admitted to stealing it. But in a case where the claimant accuses the defendant of stealing the ox and slaughtering or selling it, and the defendant says: I stole the ox, but I did not slaughter or sell it, and this is a lie, if the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then the defendant is exempt from the fivefold payment for slaughtering or selling another’s ox, since it is a fine. If the claimant says: Your ox killed my ox, and the defendant lies and says: It did not kill your ox, to which the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then he is liable for his false oath. But if the claimant says: Your ox killed my Canaanite slave and you are therefore liable to pay me a fine of thirty shekels, and he lies and says: It did not kill your slave, to which the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then he is exempt, because payment for the slave is a fine. If the claimant said to him: You injured me and caused me a wound, and the defendant says: I did not injure you and I did not cause you a wound, to which the claimant replies: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, he is liable. But if one’s Canaanite slave said to him: You knocked out my tooth, or: You blinded my eye, and you are therefore required to emancipate me, and he says: I did not knock out your tooth, or: I did not blind your eye, to which the slave replies: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering even though he lied, since the obligation to emancipate one’s slave in these cases is a penalty. This is the principle: For any claim that the defendant would have to pay based on his own admission, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering for taking a false oath concerning that claim. And for any claim that he would not pay based on his own admission but would pay only by the testimony of witnesses, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering for taking a false oath concerning that claim."
+ ],
+ [
+ "By Torah law, the oath imposed by the judges upon one who admits to part of a claim is administered only when the claim is for the value of at least two silver ma’a, and the defendant’s admission is for the value of at least one peruta. And furthermore, if the admission is not of the same type as the claim, i.e., the defendant admitted to a debt that the claimant did not claim, the defendant is exempt from taking an oath. How so? If the claimant said to the defendant: I have two silver ma’a in your possession, and the latter responded: You have only one peruta, a coin made from copper, in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath (see 39b). But if the claimant said: I have two silver ma’a and one peruta in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only one peruta in my possession, he is liable to take an oath. If the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant responded: Nothing of yours is in my possession, he is exempt, as he denies the entire claim. But if the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only fifty dinars in my possession, he is liable to take an oath, as he admitted to a part of the claim. If the claimant said: My late father had one hundred dinars in your possession, and I am now claiming them, and the defendant responded: You have only fifty dinars in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath, as he is like one returning a lost item, since he could have easily denied the entire claim.",
+ "The mishna discusses other cases where the defendant denies an entire claim. In a case where one said to another: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the latter said to him: Yes, I acknowledge that claim; and the next day the claimant said to him: Give the money to me, and the defendant responded: I already gave it to you, he is exempt. But if he responded: Nothing of yours is in my possession, i.e., he denies that a debt ever existed, he is liable to pay, as he already admitted that he owed him the amount. In a case where the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant said to him: Yes, to which the claimant responded: Give the money to me only in the presence of witnesses, then if the next day the claimant said to him: Give the money to me, and the defendant responded: I already gave it to you, he is liable to pay, as he is required to give it to him in the presence of witnesses, and he cannot prove that he did so.",
+ "The mishna resumes discussion of the oath imposed by the court in a case where the defendant admits to a part of a claim. If the claimant said: I have a litra, i.e., a specific weight, of gold in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a litra of silver in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath, as his admission relates to a different item than that which the claim relates to. But if the claimant said: I have a gold dinar in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a silver dinar, or a tereisit, or a pundeyon, or a peruta in my possession, he is liable to take an oath, as they are all of one type; they are all coins. Since the claim concerns money, the difference between the different types of coins is disregarded, as the claim is essentially referring to the monetary value, not to a specific type of coin. If the claimant said: I have a kor of grain in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a half-kor of legumes in my possession, he is exempt. But if the claimant said: I have a kor of produce in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a half-kor of legumes in my possession, he is liable, as legumes are included in produce. If one claimed that another owes him wheat, and the defendant admitted to owing him barley, he is exempt; and Rabban Gamliel deems him liable to take an oath. According to Rabban Gamliel, one who admits to a part of the claim is liable to take an oath even if the admission is not of the same type as the claim. With regard to one who claims that another owes him jugs of oil, and the latter then admitted that he owes him pitchers, i.e., the jugs themselves, but not the oil, Admon says: Since he admitted to him with regard to a part of the claim, and his admission was of the same type as the claim, i.e., the claim included both containers and oil and he admitted to owing him containers, he must take an oath. And the Rabbis say: The partial admission in this case is not of the same type as the claim, as he completely denied owing him oil. Rabban Gamliel said: I see the statement of Admon as correct. If one claimed that another owes him vessels and land, and the defendant admitted to owing him vessels but denied the claim of land, or conversely, he admitted to owing him land but denied the claim of vessels, he is exempt from taking an oath, as oaths are not taken concerning claims involving land. If he admitted to part of the claim about the land, he is exempt. If he admitted to part of the claim about the vessels, he is liable to take an oath concerning the entire claim, as property that does not serve as a guarantee, i.e., movable property, binds the property that serves as a guarantee, i.e., the land, so that the oath about the movable property can be extended to require him to take an oath concerning the land as well.",
+ "One does not take an oath concerning the claim of a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. And the court does not administer an oath to a minor. But one does take an oath to a minor, or to a representative of the Temple treasury with regard to consecrated property.",
+ "And these are items concerning which one does not take an oath by Torah law: Canaanite slaves, and financial documents, and land, and consecrated property. In a case where these items are stolen, there is no payment of double the principal, nor is there payment of four or five times the principal in a case where one stole a consecrated animal and slaughtered or sold it. An unpaid bailee who lost one of these items does not take an oath that he was not negligent in safeguarding it, and a paid bailee does not pay for the loss or theft of one of these items. Rabbi Shimon says there is a distinction between different types of consecrated property: With regard to consecrated property for which one bears the financial responsibility to compensate the Temple treasury in the event of their loss, such as in a case where he vowed to bring an offering and then set aside an animal to be sacrificed in fulfillment of the vow, one takes an oath concerning them, as they are considered his own property. But with regard to consecrated property for which he does not bear the financial responsibility for their loss, one does not take an oath concerning them.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: There are certain items that are physically on the land but are not treated like land from a halakhic perspective, and the Rabbis do not concede to him concerning this point. How so? If one makes the claim: I assigned you ten grapevines laden with fruit to safeguard, and the other one says: They are only five vines, Rabbi Meir deems the defendant liable to take an oath, as he admitted to a part of the claim, and although the claim concerned grapevines, the primary aspect of the claim was the grapes. And the Rabbis say: The halakhic status of anything that is attached to the land is like the land itself, and therefore he is exempt from taking an oath. One takes an oath only concerning an item that is defined by size, by weight, or by number. How so? If the claimant says: I transferred to you a house full of produce, or: I transferred to you a pouch full of money, and the other person says: I do not know how much you gave me, but what you left in my possession you may take, and the amount in the house or pouch at that time is less than that claimed by the claimant, the defendant is exempt from taking an oath, as the amounts in the claim and the admission are undefined. But if this party says that the house was full up to the ledge, and that party says that it was full up to the window, the defendant is liable to take an oath, as the dispute relates to a defined amount.",
+ "There is a case of one who lends money to another on the basis of collateral, and the collateral was lost while in the possession of the creditor, and the creditor says to the debtor: I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and that collateral was worth a shekel, i.e., a half-sela. Therefore, you owe me a shekel. And the other individual, the debtor, says in response to that claim: That is not the case. Rather, you lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral, and the collateral was worth a sela; I owe you nothing. In this case, the debtor is exempt from payment. There is a case of a creditor who claims: I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and it was worth a shekel. And the other individual, the debtor, says: That is not the case; rather, you lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral, and the collateral was worth three dinars, i.e., three-quarters of a sela. In this case, the debtor is liable to take an oath, due to the fact that he responded to the claim of the creditor with a partial admission. If in that case the debtor said: You lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth two sela, so now you owe me a sela. And the other party, i.e., the creditor, said: That is not the case; rather, I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth a sela. Here, the creditor is exempt. If in that case the debtor said: You lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth two sela. And the other party, i.e., the creditor, said: That is not the case; rather, I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth five dinars. Here, the creditor is liable to take an oath due to the fact that he responded to the claim of the debtor with a partial admission. And who takes the oath? The one in whose possession the deposit had been located, i.e., the creditor, who took collateral from the debtor. The Sages instituted this provision lest this party, i.e., the debtor, take an oath and the other party, i.e., the creditor, produce the deposit and prove the oath false."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All those who take an oath that is legislated by the Torah take an oath and do not pay. By Torah law, one takes an oath only in order to exempt himself from a monetary claim. And these litigants take a rabbinically instituted oath and receive possession of the disputed funds or property, i.e., their claim is upheld by means of the oath, even though they are not in possession of the property in question: A hired worker who claims that he has not received his wages; and one who was robbed and sues the person who robbed him; and one who was injured, who claims compensation from the person who injured him; and one whose opposing litigant is suspect with regard to the taking of an oath. When a person suspected of taking false oaths is liable to take an oath in order to exempt himself, the claimant takes an oath instead and receives payment. And a storekeeper relying on his ledger also takes an oath and is paid. How does this halakha apply to the hired worker? The case is where one says to his employer: Give me my wages that are still in your possession. The employer says: I already gave them to you. And that worker says: I have not received them. In such a case, the worker takes an oath that he has not received his wages, and he receives payment from his employer. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission on the part of the employer. How so? The case is where the worker said to him: Give me my wages, fifty silver dinars, which are still in your possession. And the employer says: You have already received one golden dinar, which is worth twenty-five silver dinars. Since the employer has admitted that he owes part of the sum, the worker takes an oath and is paid the whole sum.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one who was robbed? The case is where witnesses testified about the defendant that he entered the claimant’s house to seize collateral from him without the authority to do so. The claimant said: You took items that belong to me. And the defendant said: I did not take them. The claimant takes an oath and receives payment of his claim. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission on the part of the defendant. How so? The case is where the claimant said to him: You took two items. And he says: I took only one. Since the defendant admits that he took one item from the house, the claimant takes an oath and receives payment of his whole claim.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one who was injured? The case is where witnesses testified about the injured person that he entered into the domain of the defendant whole but left injured, and the claimant said to the defendant: You injured me. And the defendant says: I did not injure you. The injured party takes an oath and receives compensation. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission. How so? The case is where the claimant said to the defendant: You injured me twice. And the other says: I injured you only once. In such a case, the injured party takes an oath that he was injured twice and receives compensation for both injuries.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one whose opposing litigant is suspect with regard to the taking of an oath and therefore is not permitted to take the oath? One is considered suspect with regard to oaths if he has been found to have taken a false oath, whether it was an oath of testimony, or whether it was an oath on a deposit, or even an oath taken in vain, which is a less severe prohibition. There are also categories of people who by rabbinic decree are considered suspect with regard to oaths: If one of the litigants was a dice player, or one who lends with interest, or among those who fly pigeons, or among the vendors of produce of the Sabbatical Year, then the litigant opposing him takes an oath and receives payment of his claim. If both litigants were suspect, the oath returned to its place. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei, and will be explained in the Gemara. Rabbi Meir says: Since neither can take an oath, they divide the disputed amount.",
+ "And how does this halakha apply to the storekeeper relying on his ledger? This ruling is not referring to the case where a storekeeper says to a customer: It is written in my ledger that you owe me two hundred dinars. Rather, it is referring to a case where a customer says to a storekeeper: Give my son two se’a of wheat, or: Give my laborers a sela in small coins. And later the storekeeper says: I gave it to them; but they say: We did not receive it. In such a case, where the father or employer admits that he gave those instructions and it is also recorded in the storekeeper’s ledger, the storekeeper takes an oath that he gave the son the wheat or paid the laborers, and he receives compensation from the father or employer; and the laborers take an oath that they were not paid and receive their wages from the employer. Ben Nannas said: How is it that both these and those come to take an oath in vain? One of them is certainly lying. Rather, the storekeeper receives his compensation without taking an oath, and the laborers receive their wages without taking an oath.",
+ "If one said to a storekeeper: Give me produce valued at a dinar, and he gave him the produce. And later the storekeeper said to him: Give me that dinar you owe me, and the customer said to him: I gave it to you, and you put it in your wallet [be’unpali], the customer shall take an oath that he gave him the dinar. If, after he gave the storekeeper the money, the customer said to him: Give me the produce, and the storekeeper said to him: I gave it to you and you transported it to your house, the storekeeper shall take an oath that he has already filled the order, and he is exempt from supplying the produce. Rabbi Yehuda says: Whoever has the produce in his possession has the advantage, and his claim is accepted without his taking an oath. Similarly, if one said to a money changer: Give me small coins valued at a dinar, and he gave him the coins, and subsequently the money changer said to him: Give me the dinar, and the customer said to him: I gave it to you, and you put it in your wallet; the customer shall take an oath that he paid. If the customer gave the money changer the dinar, and then said to him: Give me the coins, and the money changer said to him: I gave them to you and you cast them into your purse, the money changer shall take an oath. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is not a money changer’s way to give even an issar until he receives a dinar. Therefore, the fact that the customer received the coins indicates that the money changer already received his payment.",
+ "These cases of taking an oath are just like other cases where the Sages said that one takes an oath and receives payment. The mishna (see Ketubot 87a) teaches: A woman who vitiates her marriage contract by acknowledging receipt of partial payment may collect the remainder only by taking an oath; or if one witness testifies that her marriage contract has been paid, she may collect it only by taking an oath. She may collect it from liened property that has been sold to a third party, or from the property of orphans, only by taking an oath, and a woman who collects it from her husband’s property when not in his presence may collect it only by taking an oath. And likewise, orphans may collect a loan with a promissory note inherited from their father only by taking an oath. Orphans who wish to collect payment of money owed to their father must take the following oath: On our oath our father did not direct us on his deathbed not to collect with this promissory note, and our father did not say to us that this note was paid, and we did not find among our father’s documents a record showing that this promissory note was paid. After taking that oath, they may collect the money. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says: Even if the son was born after the father’s death, he needs to take an oath in order to receive the money owed to his father. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: If there are witnesses that the father said at the time of his death: This promissory note has not been paid, the son collects the debt without having to take an oath.",
+ "And these people are sometimes required to take an oath that they do not owe anything even when there is no explicit claim against them: Partners, sharecroppers, stewards [apotropin], a woman who does business from home, where she manages the property of orphans, and the member of the household appointed to manage the household’s affairs. For example, in a case where one of these people said to one of the people whose property he or she manages: What is your claim against me? If the other replied: It is simply my wish that you take an oath to me that you have not taken anything of mine, the former is liable to take that oath. Once the partners or the sharecroppers have divided the common property, each taking his share, then one side may not require an oath of the other absent a definite claim. But if an oath was imposed upon him due to some other situation, that oath can be extended to impose upon him any other oath, i.e., it can be extended to apply to any other of their disputes. The mishna adds: And the Sabbatical Year abrogates the obligation to take an oath about a debt, just like it abrogates a debt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are four types of bailees, to whom different halakhot apply. They are as follows: An unpaid bailee, who receives no compensation for safeguarding the item in his care; and a borrower, who receives an item on loan for his own use without paying a rental fee; a paid bailee, who is paid a salary for safeguarding the deposited item; and a renter, i.e., one who pays a fee for the use of an item or animal. In the event that one of these bailees is unable to return the deposited item to its owner, the halakha with regard to liability is dependent upon what happened to the item, and upon the type of bailee: An unpaid bailee takes an oath attesting to the fact that he was not negligent with the care of the item and is then exempt from liability for everything, meaning for all types of damage, whether the item was lost, stolen, damaged, or if the animal died. Conversely, a borrower does not have the option of taking an oath, and pays for everything, whether the item was stolen, lost, damaged, or the animal died, even if it was by unavoidable accident. The halakhot of a paid bailee and a renter are the same: They take an oath concerning an injured animal, and concerning a captured one, and concerning a dead animal, attesting to the fact that these mishaps were not caused by negligence, but rather by unavoidable accident, and then are exempt from liability. But they must pay if the deposit cannot be returned due to loss or theft, even if these were not caused by negligence.",
+ "The mishna clarifies: If the owner of an ox said to an unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; or if the bailee responded: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or lost; or if he responded: It was lost, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen, in any of the above cases, if the owner of the ox then said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering, despite the fact that he took a false oath. The reason is that his false oath did not render him exempt from liability to pay.",
+ "If the owner says to an unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: I do not know what you are talking about, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering, since he would not have been liable to pay in any of these cases. But if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It is lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, and then witnesses testify that the bailee consumed it, he pays the owner the principal, since he took the ox for himself. But if there were no witnesses, but after he took the oath he admitted of his own accord that he stole the ox and took a false oath, then he pays the owner the principal and the additional one-fifth payment, and he brings a guilt-offering to achieve atonement, as in any other case where one takes a false oath with regard to a deposit. Similarly, if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It was stolen, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, and then witnesses testify that the bailee stole it, he pays double the principal. If he admitted of his own accord that he stole it, then he is exempt from double payment for theft, but pays the principal and the additional one-fifth payment, and brings a guilt-offering to achieve atonement.",
+ "If the owner of an ox said to someone in the marketplace, i.e., a stranger who was not a bailee: Where is my ox that you stole? And the accused says: I did not steal it, and then witnesses testify that the accused did steal it, he pays the double payment. If he slaughtered or sold it, he pays the fourfold or fivefold payment. If the accused saw witnesses that were approaching to testify against him, and at that point he said: I admit that I stole the animal but I did not slaughter or sell it, he pays only the principal.",
+ "If the owner said to a borrower: Where is my ox? And the borrower said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or lost; or if he responded: It was lost, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen, in any of the above cases, if the owner of the ox said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the borrower said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing an offering for his false oath, since the oath did not render him exempt from liability to pay. He would have been liable to pay in any case.",
+ "But if the owner said to the borrower: Where is my ox? And the borrower said to him: I do not know what you are talking about, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the borrower said: Amen, the borrower is liable to bring a guilt-offering, as he took an oath that would render him exempt from liability to pay. If an owner said to a paid bailee or a renter: Where is my ox? And the latter said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured; or if he said: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured; or if he said: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured; or if he said: It was stolen, but the truth was that it was lost; or if he said: It was lost, but the truth was that it was stolen, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, the paid bailee or renter is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. If the paid bailee or renter said: It died or was injured or captured, but the truth was that it was stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, the paid bailee or renter is liable to bring a guilt-offering. If the paid bailee or renter said: It was lost or stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. This is the principle: Anyone who changes from one claim of liability to another claim of liability or from one claim of exemption to another claim of exemption or from a claim of exemption to a claim of liability is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. If he changes from a claim of liability to a claim of exemption, he is liable. This is the principle: Anyone who takes an oath to be lenient with himself is liable; if he takes an oath to be stringent with himself, he is exempt."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d7c49e6c0206878553d7cf355a89b66f210d1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Mishnah Shevuot/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Shevuot",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Shevuot",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "With regard to oaths on an utterance of the lips, there are two types that are actually four types. The Torah specifies only two types of oaths whose violation renders one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering to atone for his transgression (see Leviticus 5:4): Where a person takes an oath to perform some action, and where he takes an oath to refrain from performing some action. With regard to both types, the Torah explicitly mentions liability only for an oath pertaining to one’s future behavior. Nevertheless, the Sages derive that one is also liable for a violation of both types of oaths when they pertain to one’s past behavior. Accordingly, although only two types are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. The mishna lists similar groups of halakhot. With regard to cases of awareness of the defiling of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are two types that are actually four. It is prohibited for an impure person to enter the Temple (see Numbers 19:20) or to partake of its sacrificial foods (see Leviticus 7:19–20). If one transgressed either prohibition during a lapse of awareness, then upon becoming aware of his transgression, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering (see Leviticus 5:2). The Torah specifies that one is liable to bring the offering only in the case in which he had a lapse of awareness of the fact that he was impure. The Sages derive that one is liable not only in these two cases, but also where he was aware of his personal status but had a lapse of awareness concerning the identity of the place he was entering or the status of the foods he ate. With regard to acts of carrying out that are prohibited on Shabbat, there are two types that are actually four. On Shabbat, it is prohibited to transfer an item from domain to domain. The Torah explicitly refers to only two cases, both of which involve an item being transferred from a private domain to a public domain: Where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the public domain, and where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the private domain. The Sages derive that liability is incurred in these cases also if the item is transferred from the public domain to the private domain. Although only two types are mentioned by the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. With regard to shades of leprous marks on a person’s skin, there are two types that are actually four. The Torah specifies that if a leprous mark appears on a person’s skin, the afflicted person must undergo a process of purification and then bring various offerings. Part of the classification of these types of leprosy is based on their shade of white. Two types of marks are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, and the Sages derive that each of these two types has a secondary mark.",
+ "The mishna returns to the subject of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods. It elaborates on which offerings atone for different cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods: In cases in which one had awareness, i.e., he knew he was ritually impure and was aware of the sanctity of the Temple or foods involved at the beginning, i.e., before he transgressed, and had awareness at the end, i.e., after the transgression, but had a lapse of awareness of one of those two components in between, while he actually transgressed, this person is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. For cases in which one had awareness at the beginning, transgressed during a lapse of awareness, and still had no awareness at the end, the goat whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, suspend any punishment that he deserves until he becomes aware of his transgression; and then to achieve atonement he brings a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "For cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but had awareness at the end, the goat whose blood presentation is performed outside the Sanctuary, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, atone, as it is stated with regard to the offerings brought on Yom Kippur: “One goat for a sin-offering aside from the sin-offering of the atonements” (Numbers 29:11). The verse juxtaposes the internal and external goats together to teach that for that which this one atones, that one atones. Just as the internal goat, i.e., the one whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, atones only for a case in which there was awareness of the components of the transgression at some point, i.e., at the beginning, so too, the external goat, i.e., the goat of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur, atones only for a case in which there was awareness at some point, i.e., at the end.",
+ "And for cases in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, the goats brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings of the Festivals and the goats brought as sin-offerings for the additional offerings of the New Moons atone. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: The goats of the Festivals atone for cases in which one never had awareness of the transgression, but the goats of the New Moons do not. But if so, for what do the goats of the New Moons atone? They atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. Rabbi Meir says: With regard to all the goats offered as additional offerings, those of the New Moons, Festivals, and Yom Kippur, their atonement, i.e., the atonement that they effect, is the same; they all atone for the defiling of the Temple by entering it while impure, or for the defiling of its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while impure. Rabbi Shimon would say, delineating his opinion as the mishna expresses it above: The goats of the New Moons atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. And with regard to the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, the goats of the Festivals atone for cases in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end, and the goats of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur atone for cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but did have awareness at the end. The Rabbis said to him: What is the halakha with regard to whether goats consecrated for different days may be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? For example, if a goat was initially consecrated to be sacrificed as part of the Yom Kippur additional offerings, may it be sacrificed as part of the Festival additional offerings instead? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They may be sacrificed. They said to him: Since, according to you, their atonement is not the same, how could they possibly be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They can be interchanged, since ultimately all of them come to atone for the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods.",
+ "Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Shimon a tradition of his opinion that differs from the way the mishna expresses it above: The goats of the New Moons atone for a ritually pure person who unwittingly partook of ritually impure sacrificial food. The goats of the Festivals exceed them, as they atone both for a pure person who partook of impure sacrificial food and also for cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end. The goats of Yom Kippur further exceed them, as they atone both for a ritually pure person who partook of ritually impure sacrificial food and for cases of defiling the Temple or its sacrificial foods in which one did not have awareness, neither at the beginning nor at the end; and they also atone for cases in which one did not have awareness at the beginning but did have awareness at the end. The Rabbis said to him: What is the halakha with regard to whether goats consecrated for different days may be sacrificed, this one in place of that one? Rabbi Shimon said to them: Yes, they can be interchanged. They said to him: If what you say is so, granted that the goats of Yom Kippur may be sacrificed on the New Moons, but how could the goats of the New Moons be sacrificed on Yom Kippur when they will need to effect atonement for that which they were not consecrated for? Rabbi Shimon said to them: They can all be interchanged, since ultimately all of them come to atone for the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, even if each one atones for a different case.",
+ "And for the intentional defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, both the goat whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, atone. The mishna delineates how atonement is effected for other transgressions: For all other transgressions that are stated in the Torah, whether they are the minor ones or the major ones, whether they were intentional or unwitting, whether one became aware of them before Yom Kippur or did not become aware of them until after Yom Kippur, whether they involve a positive mitzva or a prohibition, whether the transgressors are subject to excision from the World-to-Come [karet] or to one of the court-imposed death penalties, the scapegoat sent to Azazel on Yom Kippur atones.",
+ "Israelites and priests and the anointed priest, i.e., the High Priest, achieve atonement from the scapegoat equally. What is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed priest? The difference is only that the priests achieve atonement for their defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods through the bull that the High Priest offers on Yom Kippur, whereas the Israelites achieve atonement for defiling caused by them through the goats that are sacrificed on Yom Kippur. Rabbi Shimon says: With regard to the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, just as the blood of the goat, whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for Israelites, so too, the blood of the bull of the High Priest, whose blood presentation is also performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for the priests. And for all other transgressions, just as the confession made over the scapegoat atones for Israelites, so too, the confession made over the bull atones for the priests."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to cases of awareness of the defiling of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are two types that are actually four. How so? If one became ritually impure and he was aware that he was impure, but afterward his impurity was hidden from him, though he remembered that he was partaking of sacrificial food, which is forbidden to one who is in a state of ritual impurity; this is one of the four types of awareness of impurity. If the fact that he was partaking of sacrificial food was hidden from him, though he remembered the ritual impurity that he had contracted; this is the second of the four types of awareness of impurity. And the same halakha applies if both this and that were hidden from him, both the fact that he was impure and the fact that he was partaking of sacrificial food. In all these cases, if he partook of the sacrificial food and was unaware either that he was impure, or that the food was sacrificial food, or both, and after he partook of it he became aware of that which he had forgotten, he is required to bring a sliding-scale offering. In this type of offering, the sinner sacrifices an animal, bird, or meal-offering, depending on his financial status. And similarly with regard to entering the Temple: If one became ritually impure and he was aware that he was impure, but afterward his impurity was hidden from him, though he remembered that he was entering the Temple, which is prohibited for one who is in a state of ritual impurity; this is the third of the four types of awareness of impurity. If the fact that he was entering the Temple was hidden from him, though he remembered the ritual impurity that he had contracted; this is the fourth type of awareness of impurity. And the same halakha applies if both this and that were hidden from him, both the fact that he was impure and the fact that he was entering the Temple. In all these cases, if he entered the Temple and was unaware either that he was impure, or that he was entering the Temple, or both, and after he left he became aware of what was hidden from him, he is required to bring a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "As for the boundaries of the Temple with regard to the halakhot of impurity, the same halakha applies to one who enters the area that was part of the original Temple courtyard and to one who enters the later addition to the Temple courtyard, because the additional section is sanctified with the full sanctity of the Temple courtyard. The mishna notes: As, additions can be made to the city of Jerusalem or to the Temple courtyards only by a special body comprising the king, a prophet, the Urim VeTummim, and the Sanhedrin of seventy-one judges, and with two thanks-offerings and with a special song. Once the addition to the courtyard is made by this body and this process, it is given the full sanctity of the original courtyard area. The mishna provides certain details of the consecration ceremony. And the court would move forward, and two thanks-offerings would be brought after them, and all of the Jewish people would follow behind them. When they would reach the end of the place that they desired to consecrate, the inner thanks-offering would be eaten and the outer one would be burned. The details of this ceremony will be described in the Gemara. And with regard to any addition to the Temple that was not made with all these ceremonial procedures, one who enters there while ritually impure is not liable to bring an offering if his entry was unwitting, nor to be punished with karet, excision from the World-to-Come, if his entry was intentional.",
+ "The first part of the mishna discussed one who became ritually impure before entering the Temple. The mishna proceeds to consider a case involving one who was ritually pure when he entered the Temple but who became impure while in the Temple courtyard, and afterward, his impurity was hidden from him but he remembered that he was standing in the Temple, or the fact that he was standing in the Temple was hidden from him but he remembered his impurity, or both this fact and that fact were hidden from him. In all these cases, if he bowed down, or he tarried in the Temple courtyard long enough to bow down even though he did not actually bow, or he went out by way of a longer route when he could have taken a shorter route, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. But if he left the Temple via the shortest way, he is exempt. This mitzva that the ritually impure must be sent out of the Temple is the positive mitzva concerning the Temple for which, as is taught elsewhere in the Mishna (Horayot 8b), the Sanhedrin is not liable to bring an offering for an erroneous ruling. A communal bull sin-offering is brought because of the unwitting transgression of a prohibition involving an action by the Jewish people resulting from an erroneous halakhic decision handed down by the Sanhedrin. But if the Sanhedrin mistakenly ruled that one who became impure while in the Temple may leave by way of a longer route, they do not bring this offering, as it is brought only for an erroneous ruling on a matter that requires the bringing of a fixed sin-offering, and not a sliding-scale offering, for its unwitting violation.",
+ "And which is the positive mitzva with regard to a menstruating woman for which, as is taught in Horayot there, the Sanhedrin is liable to bring a bull offering for an erroneous ruling? If a man was engaging in intercourse with a ritually pure woman, and during the course of their act of intercourse she experienced menstrual bleeding and said to him: I have become impure, and unwittingly he immediately withdrew from her and did not wait until his penis became flaccid, he is liable to bring a sin-offering for engaging in intercourse with a menstruating woman, because his withdrawal from her is as pleasant to him as his entry. If the Sanhedrin mistakenly ruled that one may withdraw immediately, they bring a bull offering for their erroneous ruling.",
+ "Rabbi Eliezer says: With regard to the sliding-scale offering the verse states: “Or if a person touches any impure thing, whether it is the carcass of a non-kosher undomesticated animal, or the carcass of a non-kosher domesticated animal, or the carcass of a non-kosher creeping animal, and it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:2). A precise reading of this verse indicates that in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity by touching a creeping animal, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering for having defiled the Temple or the sacrificial food, but he is not liable to bring such an offering in a case where he has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food. Similarly, Rabbi Akiva says: The verse states: “And it is hidden from him, so that he is impure” (Leviticus 5:2), thereby teaching that in a case when one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering, but one is not liable to bring such an offering in a case when he has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food. Rabbi Yishmael says: The verse states: “And it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:2), and it states: “And it is hidden from him” (Leviticus 5:3), twice, in order to render one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering both in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he had contracted ritual impurity and in a case where one has a lapse of awareness that he is entering the Temple."
+ ],
+ [
+ "With regard to oaths attesting to the truth about an utterance, which, when violated, render one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering, there are two types that are actually four types. The initial two oaths, which relate to utterances about the future and are explicitly prohibited in the Torah, are: On my oath I will eat, or: On my oath I will not eat. These are expanded to four, to include oaths concerning utterances about the past: On my oath I ate, or: On my oath I did not eat. If one says: On my oath I will not eat, and he then ate any amount, even less than an olive-bulk, he is liable; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Akiva: Where do we find that one who eats any amount is liable, leading you to say that this person is liable? Rabbi Akiva said to them: And where do we find one who speaks and is liable to bring an offering for it, as this oath taker merely speaks, i.e., takes an oath, and brings an offering for it? If one said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate and drank, he is liable to bring only one offering, because an oath to refrain from eating includes refraining from drinking. If he said: On my oath I will not eat and I will not drink, and then he ate and drank, he is liable to bring two offerings.",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate wheat bread and barley bread and spelt bread, he is liable to bring only one offering. If he said: On my oath I will not eat wheat bread or barley bread or spelt bread, and then he ate all of them, he is liable to bring an offering for each and every one. ",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not drink, and then he drank several kinds of liquids, he is liable to bring only one offering. If he said: On my oath I will not drink wine or oil or honey, and then he drank all of them, he is liable to bring an offering for each and every one. ",
+ "If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and he ate foods that are inedible or drank liquids that are not potable, he is exempt. If he said: On my oath I will not eat, and then he ate the meat of unslaughtered carcasses or tereifot, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, he is liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt, since he is already under oath from Mount Sinai not to eat them and an oath cannot take effect where another oath is in force. But if he said: It is konam for my wife to derive benefit from me if I ate today, and he had eaten carcasses or tereifot, repugnant creatures or creeping animals, his wife is prohibited from deriving benefit from him. ",
+ "If one unwittingly takes a false oath about the past or breaks an oath he made about the future, both if it is an oath that addresses matters that concern oneself and if it is an oath that addresses matters that concern others, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering for an oath on an utterance. And likewise, an oath on an utterance may address both tangible matters and intangible matters. How so? Examples of oaths about future actions that concern others are if one said: On my oath I will give so-and-so a particular item, or: On my oath I will not give it to him. Examples of such oaths about the past are if one said: On my oath I gave another a particular item, or: On my oath I did not give it to him. Examples of oaths about the future that address intangible matters are where one said: On my oath I will sleep, or: On my oath I will not sleep. Examples of such oaths about the past are where one said: On my oath I slept, or: On my oath I did not sleep. Other examples of oaths about intangible matters are when one takes an oath, saying: I will throw a stone into the sea, or: I will not throw it, or: I threw it, or: I did not throw it. Rabbi Yishmael says: One is liable only for an oath on an utterance taken about the future, as it is stated: “Or if anyone take an oath clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath” (Leviticus 5:4). The Torah refers explicitly only to oaths about what one will do in the future. Rabbi Akiva said to him: If so, and one is liable only for oaths explicitly mentioned in the verse, then I have derived only that one is liable for an oath on an utterance with regard to matters to which doing evil and doing good apply. From where do I derive that one is liable for an oath on an utterance with regard to matters to which doing evil and doing good do not apply? Rabbi Yishmael said to him: The halakha in these cases is derived by amplification of the meaning of the verse. Rabbi Akiva said to him: If the verse is amplified for this, i.e., to extend the halakha of an oath on an utterance to matters that do not involve doing evil or good, the verse is amplified for that, i.e., oaths about the past.",
+ "If one takes an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva and he does not refrain, he is exempt from bringing an offering for an oath on an utterance. If he takes an oath to perform a mitzva and he does not perform it, he is also exempt, though it would have been fitting to claim that he is liable to bring the offering, in accordance with the statement of Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira. The mishna explains: Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira said: What? If, with regard to an oath concerning an optional matter, for which one is not under oath from Mount Sinai, he is liable for breaking it, then with regard to an oath about a mitzva, for which he is under oath from Mount Sinai, is it not logical that he would be liable for breaking it?The Rabbis said to him: No, if you said that one is liable for breaking an oath concerning an optional action, where the Torah rendered one liable for a negative oath not to perform it like for a positive oath to perform it, shall you also say one is liable with regard to breaking an oath concerning a mitzva, where the Torah did not render one liable for a negative oath like for a positive oath, since if one takes an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva and did not refrain, he is exempt. ",
+ "If one says: On my oath I will not eat this loaf, and he then says again: On my oath I will not eat it, and again: On my oath I will not eat it, and he then ate it, he is liable only once. Once the first oath had taken effect, the subsequent oaths could not, as a prohibition cannot take effect where another prohibition is already in place. This is an oath on an utterance, for which one is liable to receive lashes for intentionally breaking it, and for unwittingly breaking it one is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. For an oath taken in vain, one is liable to receive lashes when it is taken intentionally, and one is exempt when it is taken unwittingly. ",
+ "Which oath is an oath taken in vain, mentioned in the previous mishna (27b)? It is when one takes an oath to deny that which is known to people to be true, for example, one says about a stone column that it is made of gold, or about a man that he is a woman, or about a woman that she is a man. Another type of oath taken in vain is when one takes an oath about a matter that is impossible, e.g., if he says: If I did not see a camel flying through the air, or: If I did not see a snake as large as the beam of the olive press. In the case of one who said to witnesses: Come and testify for me, and they replied: On our oath we will not testify for you, that is an oath taken in vain, because it involves taking an oath to refrain from performing a mitzva. Other examples of this include an oath not to build a sukka, or not to take a lulav, or not to don phylacteries. This type of oath is an oath taken in vain, for which one is liable to receive lashes if he takes the oath intentionally, and for which he is exempt if he takes it unwittingly.",
+ " If one said: On my oath I will eat this loaf, and later said: On my oath I will not eat it, the first oath is an oath on an utterance, and the second is an oath taken in vain, as he took an oath to perform an action that would violate his previous oath. If he ate it, he violated the prohibition against taking an oath in vain. If he did not eat it, he violated the prohibition against breaking an oath on an utterance. ",
+ "As opposed to the halakhot of an oath of testimony, which will be discussed in the following chapter, the halakhot of an oath on an utterance apply to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to testify and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, i.e., when one takes an oath on his own, at his own initiative. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering. ",
+ "Liability for an oath taken in vain applies to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to bear witness and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, and also when one takes an oath on his own. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is exempt. With regard to both this, an oath on an utterance, and that, an oath taken in vain, even if he is administered the oath by others, he is liable. For example, if one said: If I did not eat today, or: I did not don phylacteries today, and another said to him: I administer an oath to you that your statement is true, and the former said: Amen, he is liable if the statement was false. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "The oath of testimony is practiced with regard to men but not with regard to women, with regard to non-relatives of the litigants but not with regard to relatives, with regard to those fit to testify but not with regard to those unfit to testify due to a transgression that they performed. And the oath of testimony is practiced only with regard to those fit to testify. The oath of testimony is practiced both in the presence of a court and not in the presence of a court, when the potential witness takes the oath on his own. But if the oath is administered by others and those denying that they witnessed the incident in question neither take an oath nor answer amen to the administered oath, they are not liable until they deny any knowledge of the incident in question in court. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Whether one of the witnesses takes the oath on his own or whether the oath is administered by others, the witnesses are not liable until they deny any knowledge of the incident in question before the litigants in court. ",
+ "And one is liable for the act of taking a false oath with intent and for an unwitting act of taking a false oath, i.e., he is unaware of the liability for taking a false oath, provided that he takes the oath with intent in terms of the testimony, i.e., he takes an oath that he has no knowledge of the matter even though he knows that he witnessed the incident. But witnesses are not liable for taking the oath if they were unwitting in terms of the testimony, i.e., they believe that they have no knowledge of the matter. And what are they liable for by taking a false oath with intent? They are liable to bring a sliding-scale offering.",
+ "Liability to bring a sliding-scale offering for taking a false oath of testimony, how so? In a case where the plaintiff said to two individuals: Come and testify on my behalf, and they replied: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, i.e., we do not have any knowledge of the matter you speak of, or in a case where they said to him: We do not know any testimony on your behalf, and he said to them: I administer an oath to you, and they said: Amen; if it was determined that they lied, these two witnesses are liable. If he administered an oath to them five times outside the court, and they came to court and admitted that they had knowledge of the incident in question and testified, they are exempt. But if they denied knowledge of the incident in court as well, they are liable for each and every one of the oaths administered to them outside the court. If he administered an oath to them five times before the court, and they denied knowledge of the incident, they are liable for taking only one false oath. Rabbi Shimon said: What is the reason for this ruling? Since once they denied that they had any knowledge of the incident they can no longer retract that denial and admit that they have knowledge of the matter. Therefore, there was only one oath of testimony, and there is no liability for the remaining oaths.",
+ "If both of the witnesses denied knowledge of the incident together, both of them are liable. If they denied knowledge one after the other, the first who denied knowledge is liable, and the second is exempt, as once the first witness denies knowledge of the incident, the second is an individual witness, whose testimony is not decisive. If one of the two witnesses denied knowledge of the incident, and the other one admitted that he had knowledge and proceeded to testify, the one who denies knowledge of the incident is liable. If there were two sets of witnesses that took the oath of testimony, and the first set denied knowledge of the matter and then the second set denied knowledge of the matter, both of the sets are liable, because the testimony can exist with either of them, as even after the first set denies knowledge of the incident, the second remains capable of providing decisive testimony.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that I have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, and an outstanding loan, and a stolen item, and a lost item, and they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, they are liable for taking only one false oath of testimony. But if they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know that you have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit, and an outstanding loan, and a stolen item, and a lost item, they are liable for each and every one of the components of the claim. It is as though they took a separate oath with regard to each of the details of the claim. In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that I have in the possession of so-and-so a deposit of wheat, and barley, and spelt, and they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf, they are liable for taking only one false oath of testimony. But if they lied in reply: On our oath we do not know any testimony on your behalf that you have in the possession of so-and-so wheat, and barley, and spelt, they are liable for each and every one of the components of the claim.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that I have in the possession of so-and-so an outstanding payment for damage; or an outstanding payment for half the damage, which the owner pays for damage caused by his innocuous ox goring another animal; or with regard to an outstanding payment of double the principal that a thief must pay the owner of the stolen item; or with regard to an outstanding payment of four or five times the principal that a thief pays when he stole a sheep or an ox, respectively, and then slaughtered or sold it; or in a case where the plaintiff said: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that so-and-so raped my daughter; or, he seduced my daughter; or, that my son struck me; or, that another injured me; or, that he set my stack of grain on fire on Yom Kippur; if in any of these cases the witnesses took an oath falsely denying any knowledge of the matter on behalf of the plaintiff, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony.",
+ "In a case where the plaintiff said to two witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that I am a priest, or that I am a Levite, or that I am not the son of a priest and a divorced woman, or that I am not the son of a priest and a ḥalutza, or that so-and-so is a priest, or that so-and-so is a Levite, or that he is not the son of a priest and a divorced woman, or that he is not the son of a priest and a ḥalutza; in all these cases the witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony, because these do not involve monetary claims. Likewise, if the plaintiff said to them: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify that so-and-so raped his daughter, or that he seduced his daughter, or that my son injured me, or that another person wounded me on Shabbat, or that he set my stack of grain on fire on Shabbat; in all these cases these witnesses are exempt, as each case is punishable with the death penalty, and therefore they are cases that do not involve monetary payment.",
+ "If one said to witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf that so-and-so said he is going to give me two hundred dinars and he did not give them to me, and they take false oaths that they have no knowledge of the matter, they are exempt from liability to bring an offering for taking a false oath of testimony, as one is liable for taking a false oath of testimony only in a case involving a monetary claim like a deposit in the sense that were the witnesses to testify, the individual would be liable to pay. In the case of a promise to give a gift he could claim that he merely reconsidered.",
+ "If one said to witnesses: I administer an oath to you that when you will know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony even if they do not testify, due to the fact that the oath preceded their knowledge of the relevant testimony.",
+ "If one stood in the synagogue and said for all to hear: I administer an oath to you that if you know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, these witnesses are exempt until he directs his demand to specific individuals.",
+ "If one said to two people: I administer an oath to you, so-and-so and so-and-so, that if you know testimony relevant to me you will come and testify on my behalf, and they respond: On our oath we do not know any testimony relevant to you, and they know testimony relevant to him, not based on an incident they witnessed but based on hearsay testimony, which is not valid testimony, or if one of the witnesses is found to be a relative or disqualified, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony because they are unfit witnesses.",
+ "If the plaintiff sent the demand for their testimony by means of his slave, or in a case where the defendant said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you that if you know any testimony relevant to the plaintiff that you will come and testify on his behalf, and they took a false oath that they have no knowledge of the matter, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony until they will hear the demand to testify directly from the mouth of the plaintiff.",
+ "The mishna discusses the formula of an oath of testimony. If the plaintiff said to the witnesses: I administer an oath to you concerning your refusal to testify if you do not come and testify on my behalf, or even if he said: I command you, or I bind you, although he did not employ an unequivocal formula of an oath, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony. If one administered the oath to the witnesses in the name of heaven and in the name of earth, these witnesses are exempt from liability for taking a false oath of testimony, as that is not an oath in the name of God. If one administered the oath to the witnesses in the name of alef dalet, i.e., Adonai; in the name of yod heh, the Tetragrammaton; in the name of the Almighty [Shaddai]; in the name of the Lord of Hosts [Tzevaot]; in the name of the Gracious and Compassionate One; in the name of He Who is Slow to Anger; in the name of He Who is Abounding in Loving-kindness; or in the name of any of the appellations of God, even though he did not mention the ineffable name of God, these witnesses are liable for taking a false oath of testimony. One who curses God employing any of these names or appellations of God is liable to be executed through stoning; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis deem him exempt, as they hold that one is liable for cursing God only if he employs the ineffable name of God. One who curses his father or his mother employing any of these names or appellations of God is liable to be executed through stoning; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis deem him exempt, as they hold that one is liable for cursing his father and his mother only if he employs the ineffable name of God. One who curses himself or another employing any of these names or appellations of God violates a prohibition. If one says: The Lord God shall strike you (see Deuteronomy 28:22), and likewise if one says: God shall strike you if you do not come to testify, that is a curse that is written in the Torah, and in such a case one is certainly liable if he fails to testify. If one says to the witnesses: God shall not strike you, or: God shall bless you, or: God shall benefit you if you come and testify, Rabbi Meir deems him liable, as one may infer from that statement that if he fails to testify God will strike him, or will not bless or benefit him. And the Rabbis deem him exempt because the curse is not explicitly stated."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who takes a false oath denying that he is in possession of an item that another deposited with him is liable to return the item with an additional one-fifth of its value and to bring a guilt-offering (see Leviticus 5:20–26). The halakhot of an oath on a deposit apply to men and to women, to non-relatives and to relatives, i.e., even if the owner of the deposit and the purported bailee are related, to those fit to serve as witnesses and to those disqualified from doing so. These halakhot apply when the oath is taken in the presence of a court and when taken not in the presence of a court, as long as the oath is taken on his own, i.e., stated by the defendant himself. But if the oath is administered by others, he is not liable unless he denies the claim in court; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Both when the defendant takes an oath on his own and when the oath is administered by others, once he has falsely denied the claim against him, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering and to pay restitution and an additional one-fifth, even if the oath was not administered in the presence of a court. And one is liable to bring an offering for intentionally taking a false oath on a deposit and for unwittingly taking a false oath about the intentional misappropriation of the deposit, i.e., if one knowingly took a false oath but was unaware that he is liable to bring an offering for taking the oath. But he is not liable for unwittingly taking a false oath by itself, where he mistakenly thought that he did not owe anything. And what is he liable for when he intentionally takes a false oath? He must bring a guilt-offering worth at least two silver shekels.",
+ "The mishna continues: What is the case of an oath on a deposit? It is where the claimant said to the defendant: Give me my deposit, which is in your possession, and the defendant replied: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession; or the defendant said to him: Nothing of yours is in my possession, the claimant responded: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen. In either case this defendant is liable to bring a guilt-offering if he lied. If the claimant administered an oath to him five times, whether in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, and the defendant falsely denied each claim, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering for each and every denial. Rabbi Shimon said: What is the reason? It is due to the fact that he is able to retract and confess after each oath and repay the claimant. Since he did not do so, each oath is considered a separate denial of a monetary claim.",
+ "If five people were suing him and they said to him: Give us back our deposit that is in your possession, and the defendant says: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds to each claimant: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, and nothing of yours, and nothing of yours, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim that he denied. Rabbi Eliezer says: He is not liable for his oath concerning each claim unless he says: On my oath, at the end of the denial, i.e., he says: Nothing of yours is in my possession, and nothing of yours, on my oath, so that it is clear that he is taking an oath to each one. Rabbi Shimon says: He is not liable for his oath concerning each claim unless he says: On my oath, to each and every claimant, i.e., he says: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, and on my oath nothing of yours, to each claimant separately. In a case where the claimant said: Give me back my deposit, and pledge, stolen item, and lost item that are in your possession, and the defendant responds: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds: On my oath I do not have in my possession your deposit, or pledge, stolen item, or lost item, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim. In a case where the claimant said: Give me back my wheat, and barley, and spelt that are in your possession, if the defendant responds: On my oath nothing of yours is in my possession, he is liable for only one false oath. But if he responds: On my oath I do not have in my possession your wheat, barley, or spelt, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim. Rabbi Meir says: Even if the defendant says: On my oath I do not have in my possession your grain of wheat, or grain of barley, or grain of spelt, he is liable for his oath concerning each and every claim.",
+ "The mishna continues: If one accuses another: You raped or you seduced my daughter, and the other says: I did not rape and I did not seduce your daughter, to which the father replied: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen, the defendant is liable to bring a guilt-offering if it is a false oath. Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt, since one does not pay a fine based on his own admission. Had he confessed he would have been exempt from paying the fine; he is therefore not liable for his denial. The Rabbis said to him: Even though he does not pay the fine based on his own admission, he does pay compensation for humiliation and compensation for degradation resulting from her being raped or seduced, which are monetary claims and not fines, based on his own admission. He is therefore liable for a false oath, as he denied a monetary claim.",
+ "Similarly, in a case where one person accuses another: You stole my ox, and the defendant says: I did not steal your ox, if the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and the defendant said: Amen, he is liable to pay for the ox due to the theft and to bring a guilt-offering if he lied, since by his oath he is denying that he owes the value of the ox that he would have to pay if he admitted to stealing it. But in a case where the claimant accuses the defendant of stealing the ox and slaughtering or selling it, and the defendant says: I stole the ox, but I did not slaughter or sell it, and this is a lie, if the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then the defendant is exempt from the fivefold payment for slaughtering or selling another’s ox, since it is a fine. If the claimant says: Your ox killed my ox, and the defendant lies and says: It did not kill your ox, to which the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then he is liable for his false oath. But if the claimant says: Your ox killed my Canaanite slave and you are therefore liable to pay me a fine of thirty shekels, and he lies and says: It did not kill your slave, to which the claimant replied: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, then he is exempt, because payment for the slave is a fine. If the claimant said to him: You injured me and caused me a wound, and the defendant says: I did not injure you and I did not cause you a wound, to which the claimant replies: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, he is liable. But if one’s Canaanite slave said to him: You knocked out my tooth, or: You blinded my eye, and you are therefore required to emancipate me, and he says: I did not knock out your tooth, or: I did not blind your eye, to which the slave replies: I administer an oath to you, and he said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering even though he lied, since the obligation to emancipate one’s slave in these cases is a penalty. This is the principle: For any claim that the defendant would have to pay based on his own admission, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering for taking a false oath concerning that claim. And for any claim that he would not pay based on his own admission but would pay only by the testimony of witnesses, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering for taking a false oath concerning that claim."
+ ],
+ [
+ "By Torah law, the oath imposed by the judges upon one who admits to part of a claim is administered only when the claim is for the value of at least two silver ma’a, and the defendant’s admission is for the value of at least one peruta. And furthermore, if the admission is not of the same type as the claim, i.e., the defendant admitted to a debt that the claimant did not claim, the defendant is exempt from taking an oath. How so? If the claimant said to the defendant: I have two silver ma’a in your possession, and the latter responded: You have only one peruta, a coin made from copper, in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath (see 39b). But if the claimant said: I have two silver ma’a and one peruta in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only one peruta in my possession, he is liable to take an oath. If the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant responded: Nothing of yours is in my possession, he is exempt, as he denies the entire claim. But if the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only fifty dinars in my possession, he is liable to take an oath, as he admitted to a part of the claim. If the claimant said: My late father had one hundred dinars in your possession, and I am now claiming them, and the defendant responded: You have only fifty dinars in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath, as he is like one returning a lost item, since he could have easily denied the entire claim.",
+ "The mishna discusses other cases where the defendant denies an entire claim. In a case where one said to another: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the latter said to him: Yes, I acknowledge that claim; and the next day the claimant said to him: Give the money to me, and the defendant responded: I already gave it to you, he is exempt. But if he responded: Nothing of yours is in my possession, i.e., he denies that a debt ever existed, he is liable to pay, as he already admitted that he owed him the amount. In a case where the claimant said: I have one hundred dinars in your possession, and the defendant said to him: Yes, to which the claimant responded: Give the money to me only in the presence of witnesses, then if the next day the claimant said to him: Give the money to me, and the defendant responded: I already gave it to you, he is liable to pay, as he is required to give it to him in the presence of witnesses, and he cannot prove that he did so.",
+ "The mishna resumes discussion of the oath imposed by the court in a case where the defendant admits to a part of a claim. If the claimant said: I have a litra, i.e., a specific weight, of gold in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a litra of silver in my possession, he is exempt from taking an oath, as his admission relates to a different item than that which the claim relates to. But if the claimant said: I have a gold dinar in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a silver dinar, or a tereisit, or a pundeyon, or a peruta in my possession, he is liable to take an oath, as they are all of one type; they are all coins. Since the claim concerns money, the difference between the different types of coins is disregarded, as the claim is essentially referring to the monetary value, not to a specific type of coin. If the claimant said: I have a kor of grain in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a half-kor of legumes in my possession, he is exempt. But if the claimant said: I have a kor of produce in your possession, and the defendant responded: You have only a half-kor of legumes in my possession, he is liable, as legumes are included in produce. If one claimed that another owes him wheat, and the defendant admitted to owing him barley, he is exempt; and Rabban Gamliel deems him liable to take an oath. According to Rabban Gamliel, one who admits to a part of the claim is liable to take an oath even if the admission is not of the same type as the claim. With regard to one who claims that another owes him jugs of oil, and the latter then admitted that he owes him pitchers, i.e., the jugs themselves, but not the oil, Admon says: Since he admitted to him with regard to a part of the claim, and his admission was of the same type as the claim, i.e., the claim included both containers and oil and he admitted to owing him containers, he must take an oath. And the Rabbis say: The partial admission in this case is not of the same type as the claim, as he completely denied owing him oil. Rabban Gamliel said: I see the statement of Admon as correct. If one claimed that another owes him vessels and land, and the defendant admitted to owing him vessels but denied the claim of land, or conversely, he admitted to owing him land but denied the claim of vessels, he is exempt from taking an oath, as oaths are not taken concerning claims involving land. If he admitted to part of the claim about the land, he is exempt. If he admitted to part of the claim about the vessels, he is liable to take an oath concerning the entire claim, as property that does not serve as a guarantee, i.e., movable property, binds the property that serves as a guarantee, i.e., the land, so that the oath about the movable property can be extended to require him to take an oath concerning the land as well.",
+ "One does not take an oath concerning the claim of a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. And the court does not administer an oath to a minor. But one does take an oath to a minor, or to a representative of the Temple treasury with regard to consecrated property.",
+ "And these are items concerning which one does not take an oath by Torah law: Canaanite slaves, and financial documents, and land, and consecrated property. In a case where these items are stolen, there is no payment of double the principal, nor is there payment of four or five times the principal in a case where one stole a consecrated animal and slaughtered or sold it. An unpaid bailee who lost one of these items does not take an oath that he was not negligent in safeguarding it, and a paid bailee does not pay for the loss or theft of one of these items. Rabbi Shimon says there is a distinction between different types of consecrated property: With regard to consecrated property for which one bears the financial responsibility to compensate the Temple treasury in the event of their loss, such as in a case where he vowed to bring an offering and then set aside an animal to be sacrificed in fulfillment of the vow, one takes an oath concerning them, as they are considered his own property. But with regard to consecrated property for which he does not bear the financial responsibility for their loss, one does not take an oath concerning them.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: There are certain items that are physically on the land but are not treated like land from a halakhic perspective, and the Rabbis do not concede to him concerning this point. How so? If one makes the claim: I assigned you ten grapevines laden with fruit to safeguard, and the other one says: They are only five vines, Rabbi Meir deems the defendant liable to take an oath, as he admitted to a part of the claim, and although the claim concerned grapevines, the primary aspect of the claim was the grapes. And the Rabbis say: The halakhic status of anything that is attached to the land is like the land itself, and therefore he is exempt from taking an oath. One takes an oath only concerning an item that is defined by size, by weight, or by number. How so? If the claimant says: I transferred to you a house full of produce, or: I transferred to you a pouch full of money, and the other person says: I do not know how much you gave me, but what you left in my possession you may take, and the amount in the house or pouch at that time is less than that claimed by the claimant, the defendant is exempt from taking an oath, as the amounts in the claim and the admission are undefined. But if this party says that the house was full up to the ledge, and that party says that it was full up to the window, the defendant is liable to take an oath, as the dispute relates to a defined amount.",
+ "There is a case of one who lends money to another on the basis of collateral, and the collateral was lost while in the possession of the creditor, and the creditor says to the debtor: I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and that collateral was worth a shekel, i.e., a half-sela. Therefore, you owe me a shekel. And the other individual, the debtor, says in response to that claim: That is not the case. Rather, you lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral, and the collateral was worth a sela; I owe you nothing. In this case, the debtor is exempt from payment. There is a case of a creditor who claims: I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and it was worth a shekel. And the other individual, the debtor, says: That is not the case; rather, you lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral, and the collateral was worth three dinars, i.e., three-quarters of a sela. In this case, the debtor is liable to take an oath, due to the fact that he responded to the claim of the creditor with a partial admission. If in that case the debtor said: You lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth two sela, so now you owe me a sela. And the other party, i.e., the creditor, said: That is not the case; rather, I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth a sela. Here, the creditor is exempt. If in that case the debtor said: You lent me a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth two sela. And the other party, i.e., the creditor, said: That is not the case; rather, I lent you a sela on the basis of that collateral and the collateral was worth five dinars. Here, the creditor is liable to take an oath due to the fact that he responded to the claim of the debtor with a partial admission. And who takes the oath? The one in whose possession the deposit had been located, i.e., the creditor, who took collateral from the debtor. The Sages instituted this provision lest this party, i.e., the debtor, take an oath and the other party, i.e., the creditor, produce the deposit and prove the oath false."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All those who take an oath that is legislated by the Torah take an oath and do not pay. By Torah law, one takes an oath only in order to exempt himself from a monetary claim. And these litigants take a rabbinically instituted oath and receive possession of the disputed funds or property, i.e., their claim is upheld by means of the oath, even though they are not in possession of the property in question: A hired worker who claims that he has not received his wages; and one who was robbed and sues the person who robbed him; and one who was injured, who claims compensation from the person who injured him; and one whose opposing litigant is suspect with regard to the taking of an oath. When a person suspected of taking false oaths is liable to take an oath in order to exempt himself, the claimant takes an oath instead and receives payment. And a storekeeper relying on his ledger also takes an oath and is paid. How does this halakha apply to the hired worker? The case is where one says to his employer: Give me my wages that are still in your possession. The employer says: I already gave them to you. And that worker says: I have not received them. In such a case, the worker takes an oath that he has not received his wages, and he receives payment from his employer. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission on the part of the employer. How so? The case is where the worker said to him: Give me my wages, fifty silver dinars, which are still in your possession. And the employer says: You have already received one golden dinar, which is worth twenty-five silver dinars. Since the employer has admitted that he owes part of the sum, the worker takes an oath and is paid the whole sum.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one who was robbed? The case is where witnesses testified about the defendant that he entered the claimant’s house to seize collateral from him without the authority to do so. The claimant said: You took items that belong to me. And the defendant said: I did not take them. The claimant takes an oath and receives payment of his claim. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission on the part of the defendant. How so? The case is where the claimant said to him: You took two items. And he says: I took only one. Since the defendant admits that he took one item from the house, the claimant takes an oath and receives payment of his whole claim.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one who was injured? The case is where witnesses testified about the injured person that he entered into the domain of the defendant whole but left injured, and the claimant said to the defendant: You injured me. And the defendant says: I did not injure you. The injured party takes an oath and receives compensation. Rabbi Yehuda says: This oath cannot be administered unless there is partial admission. How so? The case is where the claimant said to the defendant: You injured me twice. And the other says: I injured you only once. In such a case, the injured party takes an oath that he was injured twice and receives compensation for both injuries.",
+ "How does this halakha apply to one whose opposing litigant is suspect with regard to the taking of an oath and therefore is not permitted to take the oath? One is considered suspect with regard to oaths if he has been found to have taken a false oath, whether it was an oath of testimony, or whether it was an oath on a deposit, or even an oath taken in vain, which is a less severe prohibition. There are also categories of people who by rabbinic decree are considered suspect with regard to oaths: If one of the litigants was a dice player, or one who lends with interest, or among those who fly pigeons, or among the vendors of produce of the Sabbatical Year, then the litigant opposing him takes an oath and receives payment of his claim. If both litigants were suspect, the oath returned to its place. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei, and will be explained in the Gemara. Rabbi Meir says: Since neither can take an oath, they divide the disputed amount.",
+ "And how does this halakha apply to the storekeeper relying on his ledger? This ruling is not referring to the case where a storekeeper says to a customer: It is written in my ledger that you owe me two hundred dinars. Rather, it is referring to a case where a customer says to a storekeeper: Give my son two se’a of wheat, or: Give my laborers a sela in small coins. And later the storekeeper says: I gave it to them; but they say: We did not receive it. In such a case, where the father or employer admits that he gave those instructions and it is also recorded in the storekeeper’s ledger, the storekeeper takes an oath that he gave the son the wheat or paid the laborers, and he receives compensation from the father or employer; and the laborers take an oath that they were not paid and receive their wages from the employer. Ben Nannas said: How is it that both these and those come to take an oath in vain? One of them is certainly lying. Rather, the storekeeper receives his compensation without taking an oath, and the laborers receive their wages without taking an oath.",
+ "If one said to a storekeeper: Give me produce valued at a dinar, and he gave him the produce. And later the storekeeper said to him: Give me that dinar you owe me, and the customer said to him: I gave it to you, and you put it in your wallet [be’unpali], the customer shall take an oath that he gave him the dinar. If, after he gave the storekeeper the money, the customer said to him: Give me the produce, and the storekeeper said to him: I gave it to you and you transported it to your house, the storekeeper shall take an oath that he has already filled the order, and he is exempt from supplying the produce. Rabbi Yehuda says: Whoever has the produce in his possession has the advantage, and his claim is accepted without his taking an oath. Similarly, if one said to a money changer: Give me small coins valued at a dinar, and he gave him the coins, and subsequently the money changer said to him: Give me the dinar, and the customer said to him: I gave it to you, and you put it in your wallet; the customer shall take an oath that he paid. If the customer gave the money changer the dinar, and then said to him: Give me the coins, and the money changer said to him: I gave them to you and you cast them into your purse, the money changer shall take an oath. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is not a money changer’s way to give even an issar until he receives a dinar. Therefore, the fact that the customer received the coins indicates that the money changer already received his payment.",
+ "These cases of taking an oath are just like other cases where the Sages said that one takes an oath and receives payment. The mishna (see Ketubot 87a) teaches: A woman who vitiates her marriage contract by acknowledging receipt of partial payment may collect the remainder only by taking an oath; or if one witness testifies that her marriage contract has been paid, she may collect it only by taking an oath. She may collect it from liened property that has been sold to a third party, or from the property of orphans, only by taking an oath, and a woman who collects it from her husband’s property when not in his presence may collect it only by taking an oath. And likewise, orphans may collect a loan with a promissory note inherited from their father only by taking an oath. Orphans who wish to collect payment of money owed to their father must take the following oath: On our oath our father did not direct us on his deathbed not to collect with this promissory note, and our father did not say to us that this note was paid, and we did not find among our father’s documents a record showing that this promissory note was paid. After taking that oath, they may collect the money. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says: Even if the son was born after the father’s death, he needs to take an oath in order to receive the money owed to his father. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: If there are witnesses that the father said at the time of his death: This promissory note has not been paid, the son collects the debt without having to take an oath.",
+ "And these people are sometimes required to take an oath that they do not owe anything even when there is no explicit claim against them: Partners, sharecroppers, stewards [apotropin], a woman who does business from home, where she manages the property of orphans, and the member of the household appointed to manage the household’s affairs. For example, in a case where one of these people said to one of the people whose property he or she manages: What is your claim against me? If the other replied: It is simply my wish that you take an oath to me that you have not taken anything of mine, the former is liable to take that oath. Once the partners or the sharecroppers have divided the common property, each taking his share, then one side may not require an oath of the other absent a definite claim. But if an oath was imposed upon him due to some other situation, that oath can be extended to impose upon him any other oath, i.e., it can be extended to apply to any other of their disputes. The mishna adds: And the Sabbatical Year abrogates the obligation to take an oath about a debt, just like it abrogates a debt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are four types of bailees, to whom different halakhot apply. They are as follows: An unpaid bailee, who receives no compensation for safeguarding the item in his care; and a borrower, who receives an item on loan for his own use without paying a rental fee; a paid bailee, who is paid a salary for safeguarding the deposited item; and a renter, i.e., one who pays a fee for the use of an item or animal. In the event that one of these bailees is unable to return the deposited item to its owner, the halakha with regard to liability is dependent upon what happened to the item, and upon the type of bailee: An unpaid bailee takes an oath attesting to the fact that he was not negligent with the care of the item and is then exempt from liability for everything, meaning for all types of damage, whether the item was lost, stolen, damaged, or if the animal died. Conversely, a borrower does not have the option of taking an oath, and pays for everything, whether the item was stolen, lost, damaged, or the animal died, even if it was by unavoidable accident. The halakhot of a paid bailee and a renter are the same: They take an oath concerning an injured animal, and concerning a captured one, and concerning a dead animal, attesting to the fact that these mishaps were not caused by negligence, but rather by unavoidable accident, and then are exempt from liability. But they must pay if the deposit cannot be returned due to loss or theft, even if these were not caused by negligence.",
+ "The mishna clarifies: If the owner of an ox said to an unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; or if the bailee responded: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or lost; or if he responded: It was lost, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen, in any of the above cases, if the owner of the ox then said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering, despite the fact that he took a false oath. The reason is that his false oath did not render him exempt from liability to pay.",
+ "If the owner says to an unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: I do not know what you are talking about, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering, since he would not have been liable to pay in any of these cases. But if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It is lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, and then witnesses testify that the bailee consumed it, he pays the owner the principal, since he took the ox for himself. But if there were no witnesses, but after he took the oath he admitted of his own accord that he stole the ox and took a false oath, then he pays the owner the principal and the additional one-fifth payment, and he brings a guilt-offering to achieve atonement, as in any other case where one takes a false oath with regard to a deposit. Similarly, if the owner said to the unpaid bailee: Where is my ox? And the unpaid bailee said to him: It was stolen, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the unpaid bailee said: Amen, and then witnesses testify that the bailee stole it, he pays double the principal. If he admitted of his own accord that he stole it, then he is exempt from double payment for theft, but pays the principal and the additional one-fifth payment, and brings a guilt-offering to achieve atonement.",
+ "If the owner of an ox said to someone in the marketplace, i.e., a stranger who was not a bailee: Where is my ox that you stole? And the accused says: I did not steal it, and then witnesses testify that the accused did steal it, he pays the double payment. If he slaughtered or sold it, he pays the fourfold or fivefold payment. If the accused saw witnesses that were approaching to testify against him, and at that point he said: I admit that I stole the animal but I did not slaughter or sell it, he pays only the principal.",
+ "If the owner said to a borrower: Where is my ox? And the borrower said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured or stolen or lost; or if he responded: It was stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or lost; or if he responded: It was lost, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen, in any of the above cases, if the owner of the ox said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the borrower said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing an offering for his false oath, since the oath did not render him exempt from liability to pay. He would have been liable to pay in any case.",
+ "But if the owner said to the borrower: Where is my ox? And the borrower said to him: I do not know what you are talking about, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured or stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and the borrower said: Amen, the borrower is liable to bring a guilt-offering, as he took an oath that would render him exempt from liability to pay. If an owner said to a paid bailee or a renter: Where is my ox? And the latter said to him: It died, but the truth was that it was injured or captured; or if he said: It was injured, but the truth was that it died or was captured; or if he said: It was captured, but the truth was that it died or was injured; or if he said: It was stolen, but the truth was that it was lost; or if he said: It was lost, but the truth was that it was stolen, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, the paid bailee or renter is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. If the paid bailee or renter said: It died or was injured or captured, but the truth was that it was stolen or lost, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, the paid bailee or renter is liable to bring a guilt-offering. If the paid bailee or renter said: It was lost or stolen, but the truth was that it died or was injured or captured, and the owner said: I administer an oath to you concerning your claim, and he said: Amen, he is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. This is the principle: Anyone who changes from one claim of liability to another claim of liability or from one claim of exemption to another claim of exemption or from a claim of exemption to a claim of liability is exempt from bringing a guilt-offering. If he changes from a claim of liability to a claim of exemption, he is liable. This is the principle: Anyone who takes an oath to be lenient with himself is liable; if he takes an oath to be stringent with himself, he is exempt."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "William Davidson Edition - English",
+ "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה שבועות",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Nezikin"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5666e1ff792bed9eae1838d3e1afc32ff3a63857
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Quellen-Unreinheiten sind: Das (tote) Kriechtier, der (männliche) Samen, der durch eine Leiche Verunreinigte, der Aussätzige in den Tagen seiner Zählung, Entsündigungswasser, das nicht so viel ist, als man zu einer Besprengung braucht. Diese verunreinigen Menschen und Geräte durch Berührung, ein irdenes Gerät dadurch, dass sie in dessen Hohlraum sich befinden. Sie verunreinigen aber nicht dadurch, dass sie getragen werden.",
+ "Höher als diese ist [die Unreinheit von] Aas und Entsündigungswasser, das so viel ist, als man zu einer Besprengung braucht; denn diese verunreinigen auch den Menschen, der sie trägt, derart, dass er auch die Kleider, (die er berührt) verunreinigt; doch werden die Kleider nicht unrein, wenn er jene bloss berührt.",
+ "Höher als diese ist (die Unreinheit desjenigen) der einer Menstruirenden beigewohnt hat; denn er verunreinigt das untere Lager in gleicher Art wie die Oberdecke (beim Flüssigen.) Höher als diese ist die Unreinheit von dem Fluss des Flüssigen, von seinem Speichel, Samen und Urin, und die des Menstruations-Blutes, denn diese verunreinigen durch Berührung und durch Tragen. Höher als diese ist (die Unreinheit vom) Reitzeug des Flüssigen, denn dieser verunreinigt jenes selbst, wenn es unter einem grossen Steine liegt. Höher als die Unreinheit des Reitzeugs ist die des Lagers, dessen Berührung gleiche Wirkung hat wie dessen Tragung. Höher als die Unreinheit des Lagers ist die des Flüssigen; denn er bewirkt die Unreinheit des Lagers, aber das Lager kann nicht eine Lager-Unreinheit bewirken.",
+ "Höher als die Unreinheit des Flüssigen ist die einer am Blutfluss leidenden Frau; denn sie verunreinigt den ihr Beiwohnenden. Höher als die Unreinheit der Flussleidenden ist die des Aussätzigen; denn er verunreinigt (ein Haus) durch hineingehen. Höher als die Unreinheit des Aussätzigen ist die eines Totenknochens von der Grösse eines Gerstenkorns; denn er verunreinigt auf sieben Tage. Am schwersten ist die Unreinheit des Toten; denn er verunreinigt durch Bedachung, was bei allen anderen Unreinen nicht der Fall ist.",
+ "Zehn Grade von Unreinheiten gehen vom Mensehen aus. Wer bloss noch der Sühne ermangelt, dem ist Heiliges verboten, Hebe und Zehnt jedoch erlaubt. Wird er ein Unreiner, der heute untergetaucht ist, so ist ihm Heiliges und Hebe verboten, Zehnt jedoch erlaubt. Wird er durch einen nächtlichen Zufall unrein, so sind ihm alle drei verboten. Hat er einer Menstruirenden beigewohnt, so verunreinigt er das untere Lager in gleicher Weise wie die Oberdecke (beim Flüssigen). Wird er ein Flüssiger, der bloss zwei Wahrnehmungen gehabt, so verunreinigt er Lager und Sitz und muss in Quellwasser untertauchen, ist aber frei vom Opfer. Hatte er drei Wahrnehmungen, so ist er auch zum Opfer verpflichtet. Wird er ein Aussätziger, der bloss eingeschlossen wird, verunreinigt er (ein Haus) durch Hineingehen, ist aber frei von der Pflicht, sein Haar wild wachsen zu lassen, die Kleider einzureissen, sich scheren zu lassen und Vögel zu bringen; wird er aber entschieden als Aussätziger erklärt, so ist er zu allem Obigen verpflichtet. Sondert sich von ihm ein Glied ab, woran nicht gehörig Fleisch ist, so verunreinigt es beim Berühren und Tragen, aber nicht durch Bedachung. Ist gehörig Fleisch daran, so verunreinigt es beim Berühren und Tragen und durch Bedachung. Gehörig Fleisch ist ein Quantum, das am Gliede heilbar war. Rabbi Jehuda sagt: Wenn an einer Stelle so viel Fleisch vorhanden ist, dass man damit in der Dicke eines Einschlagfadens das Glied umgeben könnte, so genügt dies, um Heilung zu bewirken.",
+ "Zehn Heiligkeitsgrade gibt es: Das Land Israel ist heilig vor allen andern Ländern. Worin besteht dessen Heiligkeit? Darin, dass man von ihm das Omer-Opfer, die Erstlinge und die zwei Brote darbringen kann, was bei allen andern Ländern nicht der Fall ist.",
+ "Mit Mauern umgebene Städte sind heiliger, indem man aus ihnen die Aussätzigen ausweisen muss, und eine Leiche zwar darin so lange umhergetragen werden darf, bis man sie bestatten will; ist sie aber einmal hinausgekommen, so darf man sie nicht wieder hineinbringen.",
+ "Innerhalb der Mauern (Jerusalems) ist der Raum noch heiliger, denn daselbst darf man leichter Heiliges und zweiten Zehnt essen. Der Tempelberg ist noch heiliger, denn diesen dürfen keine Flüssigen , keine am Blutfluss leidenden oder menstruierenden Frauen und keine Wöchnerinnen betreten. Der Zwinger ist noch heiliger; denn dort darf kein Nichtisraelit und kein an Toten Verunreinigter hinkommen. Der Frauen-Vorhof ist noch heiliger; denn da darf kein Unreiner, der heute untergetaucht ist, eintreten, doch ist man deswegen kein Sündopfer schuldig. Der Israeliten-Vorhof ist noch heiliger, denn diesen darf keiner betreten, welcher noch der Sühne ermangelt, und man ist deshalb ein Sündopfer schuldig. Der Priester-Vorhof ist noch heiliger, denn kein Jisraël (Nichtpriester) darf dahin kommen, ausser wenn er es nötig hat, um (beim Opfer) die Handauflegung, Schlachtung oder Schwingung vorzunehmen.",
+ "Der Raum zwischen der Vorhalle und dem Altar ist noch heiliger, denn dahin dürfen keine fehlerhaften Priester und keine mit wild wachsendem Haupthaare kommen. Der Tempel ist noch heiliger, denn dahin darf niemand kommen, der nicht vorher seine Hände und Füsse gewaschen hat. Das Allerheiligste ist heiliger als jene (genannten Räume), denn dies darf bloss der Hohepriester am Versöhnungstage zur Zeit des Dienstes betreten. Es sagt R. Jose: In fünf Dingen ist der Raum zwischen der Vorhalle und dem Altar dem Tempel gleich, nämlich dass kein fehlerhafter Priester, keiner mit wild wachsendem Haupthaar, keiner, der Wein getrunken hat, und keiner, der nicht Hände und Füsse gewaschen hat, dahin kommen darf, und ferner, dass man sich während der Opferung des Räucherwerks auch von dem Raume zwischen der Vorhalle und dem Altar fernhalten muss."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Von hölzernen, ledernen, knöchernen und gläsernen Geräten sind die flachen rein, aber die mit einem Behälter versehenen verunreinigungsfähig. Zerbrechen sie, so werden sie rein. Macht man wieder Geräte aus denselben, so nehmen sie von nun ab und weiter Unreinheit an. Irdene Geräte und Geräte aus Nether sind betreffs der Unreinheit, einander gleich; sie können von ihrem hohlen Raume aus verunreinigt werden und verunreinigen; sie können von ihrer Hinterseite aus verunreinigt werden, aber nicht von ihrer Aussenseite aus, und ihre Zerbrechung bewirkt ihre Reinigung.",
+ "Von Rest-Stücken der irdenen Geräte, nämlich von den Böden oder Seitenstücken, falls sie ohne Stütze stehen können, gilt als Mass, (dass sie genug Öl enthalten können), um damit ein kleinos Glied zu salben, bei den Geräten, die bis ein Log Inhalt hatten; bei Geräten, die über ein Log bis ein Seah Inhalt hatten, (gilt als Mass) ein viertel Log; bei Geräten von einem Seah bis zwei Seah, ein halbes Log; bei solchen von zwei oder drei bis fünf Seah, ein Log. So die Worte R. Ismaels. R. Akiba sagt: Ich gebe nicht das Inhaltsmass der (ursprünglichen) Geräte an, (vielmehr sage ich:) Von den Reststücken der irdenen Geräte, nämlich von den Böden oder Seitenstücken, falls sie ohne Stütze stehen können, gilt als Mass, (dass sie genug Öl enthalten können), um damit ein kleines Glied zu salben, bei Geräten bis zur Grösse von kleinen Töpfen; bei grösseren Geräten bis zur Grösse der Krüge von Lud (gilt als Mass) ein viertel Log; bei noch grösseren bis zur Grösse der Krüge von Beth-Lechem, ein halb Log; bei noch grössern bis zur Grösse von grossen Kannen, ein Log. R. Jochanan, Sohn Sakkai’s sagt: Bei grossen Kannen gilt als Mass zwei Log. Bei galiläischen Krüglein und kleinen Fässchen kann das Mass der Böden noch so klein sein; dagegen sind die Seitenstücke von diesen gar nicht verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Rein sind unter den irdenen Geräten: Eine Platte ohne Leisten, eine offene Kohlenschippe, ein Rohr der Röster, Rinnen, obgleich sie gebogen sind oder eine Höhlung haben, eine Stürze, die man für den Brotkorb gemacht hat, ein Krug, den man (als Deckel) für Weintrauben zugerichtet hat, ein Fass der Schwimmer, ein am Boden eines Zobers angebrachtes Fass, ein Bett, ein Stuhl, eine Bank, ein Tisch, ein Schiff, ein Leuchter von Ton — diese sind rein. Dies ist die Regel: Bei allen irdenen Gefässen, die keinen innern Raum haben, kommt auch die Hinterseite nicht in Betracht.",
+ "Eine Laterne, die einen Öl-Behälter hat, ist verunreinigungsfähig; die keinen solchen hat, ist rein. Die Form der Töpfer, auf welcher er ein Gefäss anfängt, ist rein; die, worin er es beendigt, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Der Trichter der Privatleute ist rein, der der Gewürzkrämer ist verunreinigungsfähig, weil er (auch) als Mass dient. So R. Jehuda ben Bethera. R. Akiba sagt: Weil man ihn umlegt und den Käufer daran ) riechen lässt.",
+ "Die Deckel von Wein- und Ölkrügen und die Deckel von papiernen Tonnen sind rein ); hat man sie aber zu anderem Gebrauche zugerichtet, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Der Deckel eines Tiegels ist, wenn er ein Loch oder eine Spitze hat, rein; hat er kein Loch und keine Spitze, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig, weil die Frau das Kraut darin seiht. R. Elieser bar Zadok sagt: Weil sie darauf das Gemüse umschüttet.",
+ "Ein beschädigtes Gefäss, das im Brennofen gefunden wird, ist rein, wenn die Arbeit daran nicht fertig war; wenn aber die Arbeit schon fertig war, ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Der Titros ist nach R. Elieser bar Zadok rein, nach R. Jose verunreinigungsfähig, weil er nur tropfenweise herausfliessen lässt.",
+ "Verunreinigungsfähig unter den irdenen Geräten sind: Eine Platte mit Leisten, eine ganze Kohlenschippe und eine Platte, die ganz mit schüsselartigen Gefässen vorsehen ist. Ist eines von diesen durch ein (totes) Kriechtier verunreinigt worden, so sind alle andern nicht unrein. Hat sie aber einen hervorragenden Rand, dann sind, wenn eines von den Gefässen verunreinigt worden, alle unrein. Ebendasselbe gilt von einem irdenen Gewürzbehälter und einem Zwillings-Tintenfass. Auch bei einem hölzernen Gewürzbehälter ist, wenn ein Fach davon durch Flüssigkeit verunreinigt worden, das Nebenfach nicht unrein. R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s sagt: Man teilt die Scheidewand; die Hälfte neben dem Unreinen ist unrein, die neben dem Reinen ist rein. Ist aber ein überragender Rand daran, so sind, wenn ein Gefäss unrein geworden, auch die Nebengefässe unrein.",
+ "Ein Fackel-Napf ist verunreinigungsfähig, und der Lampenbehälter kann von seinem Hohlraume aus unrein werden. Der kammförmige Rand des Trinkkrugdeckels ist nach R. Elieser rein, nach den Weisen verunreinigungsfähig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Das Mass eines Loches, wodurch ein irdenes Gerät rein wird, ist, wenn es für Speisen diente, so gross, dass Oliven durchfallen können; diente es für Getränke, (so ist jenes Mass) so, dass Flüssigkeit eindringen kann; diente es für beide Zwecke, so gilt das erschwerende Oliven-Mass.",
+ "Beim Fass ist das Mass eine getrocknete Feige. So R. Simon. R. Jehuda sagt: eine Nuss. R. Meïr sagt: eine Olive. Beim Tiegel und Topf (ist das Mass) eine Olive. Beim Krüglein und Tropffläschchen (ist das Mass) so, dass Öl eindringen kann; beim Trinkkrug so, dass Wasser eindringt. R. Simon sagt: Bei diesen dreien so, dass Sämereien durchfallen. Bei der Lampe ist das Mass so, dass Öl eindringt. R. Elieser sagt: so, dass eine kleine Münze durchfällt. Wenn an der Lampe die Dochtschnauze weggenommen wird, ist sie rein. Eine Lampe aus (ungebranntem) Ton ist rein, wenn auch die Schnauze durch den Docht gebrannt worden ist.",
+ "Wenn ein Fass durchlöchert war, und man hatte es mit Pech verklebt, und es zerbricht wieder; so ist das verpichte Stück, wenn es ein Viertel Log fasst, verunreinigungsfähig, weil der Name eines Gerätes bei demselben noch nicht aufgehoben war. Wenn man aber eine gelöcherte Scherbe mit Pech verklebt, so ist sie, selbst wenn sie ein Viertel Log fasst, rein, weil der Name eines Gefässes bei dieser bereits aufgehoben war.",
+ "Wenn ein Fass gesprungen ist und mit Rindermist beklebt wird, so ist es, obgleich die Scherben auseinanderfallen würden, wenn man den Mist wegnähme, dennoch verunreinigungsfähig, weil bei demselben der Name eines Geräts noch nicht aufgehoben war. Ist aber das Fass gebrochen und man leimt die Scherben davon wieder zusammen, oder man bringt Scherben von einer anderen Stelle (und setzt sie in das gebrochene Gefäss ein) und beklebt dann das (wieder hergestellte) Gefäss mit Rindermist, so ist dasselbe rein, obgleich die Scherben trotz der Wegnahme des Mistes zusammenhalten würden, weil einmal der Name eines Gerätes bei demselben aufgehoben war. Ist daran eine Scherbe, die ein Viertel Log fasst, so sind alle Teile durch Berührung verunreinigungsfähig, durch den Hohlraum kann es aber bloss vom Raume jener Scherbe aus unrein werden.",
+ "Wenn man ein wohlerhaltenes irdenes Gerät beklebt hat, so kann nach R. Meir und R. Simon die Beklebung verunreinigen. Die Weisen aber sagen: Die Beklebung eines wohlerhaltenen Gefässes ist rein, die eines gebrechlichen kann verunreinigen. Dasselbe gilt von dem Reifen eines Kürbisses.",
+ "Das Jablith, womit man die Weinfässer beklebt, verunreinigt, was es berührt. Der Spund eines Fasses wird nicht als mit diesem verbunden betrachtet. Was die Beklebung des Ofens berührt, wird unrein.",
+ "Wenn man einen Wärmekessel mit Lehm und mit Töpferton beklebt hat, so wird, was den Lehm berührt, unrein; was aber den Töpferthon berührt, bleibt rein. Wenn man einen Kessel, der gelöchert war, mit Poch verklebt hat, so erklärt ihn R. Jose für rein, weil er nicht heisses Wasser ebenso gut wie kaltes fassen kann; dasselbe meint er auch von Pechgeräten. Wenn man kupferne Gefässe verpicht, so ist das Pech rein; wenn man sie aber zu Wein gebraucht, so ist es verunreinigend.",
+ "Wenn man ein gelöchertes Fass mit Pech mehr, als nötig ist, verklebt hat, so ist, was den nötigen Teil berührt, unrein; was aber das überflüssige Pech berührt, ist rein. Wenn Pech auf ein Fass troff, so ist das, was dasselbe berührt, rein. Wenn man einen hölzernen oder irdenen Trichter mit Pech verstopft, so ist er nach R. Eleasar b. Asarja verunreinigungsfähig, nach R. Akiba nur der hölzerne, aber nicht der irdene. R. Jose erklärt beide für rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Eine Scherbe, die nicht allein stehen kann, weil ein Ohr daran ist, oder eine Spitze, durch die sie umgebogen wird, ist rein. Wird das Ohr weggenommen oder die Spitze abgebrochen, so ist sie ebenfalls rein; nach R. Jehuda aber ist sie da verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Fass, dessen Boden durchbrochen ist, das aber, auf die Seite gelegt, (etwas) fassen kann, oder das in zwei Mulden sich geteilt hat, erklärt R. Jehuda für rein, die Weisen aber für verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Ein Fass, das derart gebrechlich geworden ist, dass man es nicht, mit einem halben Kab getrockneter Feigen belastet, fortbewegen kann, ist rein. Eine Gastra, die so gesprungen ist, dass sie keine Flüssigkeit fassen kann, ist, obgleich sie noch Speisen aufzunehmen vermag, rein, denn man beachtet nicht Überbleibsel von Übelbleibseln.",
+ "Was heisst eine Gastra ? Ein Gefäss, von dem auch nur die Ohren weggenommen sind. Sind daran hinausragende Spitzen, so ist alles was mit dem Anderen zugleich Oliven halten kann, der Verunreinigung durch Berührung fähig, und es kann auch von dem ihm gegenüber befindlichen Hohlraume aus unrein werden; was aber nicht Oliven mithalten kann, ist bloss der Verunreinigung durch Berührung fähig, kann aber nicht von dem ihm gegenüber befindlichen Luftraume aus unrein werden. Ist sie auf die Seite hingebogen gleich einem Lehnsessel, so ist, was Oliven mitfassen kann, fähig der Verunreinigung durch Berührung und von dem ihm gegenüber befindlichen Hohlraume aus; was aber nicht Oliven mithalten kann, ist bloss der Verunreinigung durch Berührung fähig, kann aber nicht von dem ihm gegenüber befindlichen Luftraume aus unrein werden. Die Böden der zugespitzten Wassereimer und die Böden der Sidonischen Becher sind, obgleich sie ungestützt nicht stehen können, dennoch verunreinigungsfähig, weil sie ursprünglich so verfertigt worden sind.",
+ "Wenn ein irdenes Gefäss drei Ränder hat, so ist, wenn der innere über die anderen hinausragt, alles Weitere rein; überragt der äussere, so ist alles verunreinigungsfähig; überragt der mittlere, so ist es innerhalb dieses Randes der Verunreinigung fähig, ausserhalb desselben aber rein. Sind alle Ränder gleich hoch, so sagt R. Jehuda: Man betrachtet den mittleren als geteilt. Die Weisen aber sagen: [Wenn einer der drei Räume verunreinigt worden] ist alles Andere rein. Von wann ab nehmen irdene Gefässe die Unreinheit an? Von der Zeit, da sie im Ofen gebrannt sind, denn dies heisst ihre Vollendung."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Beim Backofen gilt als gesetzliches Mass beim Anfang vier Handbreiten (Höhe), und bei seinem Überbleibsel (ebenfalls) vier Handbreiten; so R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Dies gilt nur von einem grossen Backofen, bei einem kleinen aber kann am Anfang die Höhe noch so gering sein, beim Überbleibsel muss der grösste Teil davon noch bestehen. Wenn dessen Arbeit vollendet ist (nimmt der Ofen Unreinheit an). Was heisst die Vollendung seiner Arbeit? Sobald man ihn so geheizt hat, dass man schwammigen Kuchen darin backen könnte. R. Jehuda sagt: Sobald man den neuen Ofen so geheizt hat, dass man (bei dieser Hitze) in einem alten Ofen schwammigen Kuchen backen könnte.",
+ "Bei einem Kochherd gilt als Mass Anfangs (eine Höhe von) drei Fingerbreiten, und bei dessen Überbleibsel (ebenfalls) drei Fingerbreiten. Wenn dessen Arbeit vollendet ist (nimmt der Kochherd Unreinheit an). Was heisst die Vollendung seiner Arbeit? Sobald man ihn so geheizt hat, dass man darauf das leichteste unter allen Eiern kochen könnte, wenn es eingeschlagen und in einen Tiegel getan wird. — Beim Kuppach gilt, wenn man ihn zum Backen gemacht hat, das Mass des Ofens; hat man ihn zum Kochen gemacht, so gilt dabei das Mass des Herdes. Ein aus dem Ofen herausragender Stein bildet bis zu einer Handbreite (mit jenem) eine Verbindung, beim Herde bis zu drei Fingerbreiten. Bei dem aus dem Kuppach herausragenden Stein gilt, wenn man jenen zum Backen gemacht, das Mass wie beim Ofen; hat man ihn zum Kochen gemacht, so ist das Mass wie beim Herde giltig. Es sagt R. Jehuda: Nur wenn der Stein zwischen dem Ofen und der Wand sich befindet, hat man bei demselben das Mass auf eine Handbreite beschränkt. — Stehen zwei Öfen neben einander (durch einen Stein verbunden), so wird jedem eine Handbreite zugerechnet, und das Übrige ist rein.",
+ "Der Kranz des Herdes ist rein. Der Hof des Backofens ist, wenn er vier Handbreiten hoch ist, verunreinigungsfähig sowohl durch Berührung, als vom Hohlraume aus; bei geringerer Höhe ist er rein. Hat man ihn mit dem Ofen verbunden, wenn auch nur auf drei Steinen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Die am Herde befindlichen Ölkrug-, Gewürz- und Lampen-Behälter können wohl durch Berührung unrein werden, aber nicht durch den Hohlraum. So R. Meïn R. Simon erklärt sie für rein.",
+ "Ein Ofen, der von aussen, oder ohne Absicht, oder im Hause des Werkmeisters geheizt worden, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Einst geschah es, dass bei den Öfen von Kephar Signah Feuer ausgebrochen war, und als die Sache (zur Entscheidung) nach Jabneh kam, erklärte R. Gamliel sie für verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Der Aufsatz des Backofens der Privatleute ist rein; der der Bäcker ist verunreinigungsfähig, weil er den Bratspiess daran lehnt. R. Jochanan ha-Sandelar sagt: Weil er im Notfalle darin bäckt. In ähnlicher Weise (hat man gesagt): Der Aufsatz des Kessels der Olivensieder ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Färber ist rein.",
+ "Von einem Backofen, den man zur Hälfte mit Erde gefüllt hat, kann der Teil von der Erde abwärts nur durch Berührung, der Teil oberhalb der Erde aber auch durch den Hohlraum unrein werden. Hat man einen Ofen über die Öffnung einer Grube oder einer Zisterne gesetzt und dort einen Stein hingelegt, so sagt R. Jehuda: Wenn derselbe dadurch, dass man unten heizt, auch oben geheizt wird, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sobald er geheizt worden ist, in welcher Weise immer (dies geschah), ist er verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Wie kann man einen Ofen, der unrein geworden ist, wieder rein machen? Man teilt ihn in drei Teile, und man sägt (auch) die Beklebung durch, bis er auf der Erde steht. R. Meïr sagt: Man braucht nicht die Beklebung durchzusägen, auch nicht bis er auf der Erde steht, sondern man vermindert ihn nur inwendig, bis er nicht vier Handbreiten hoch ist. R. Simon sagt: Man muss ihn auch (von seiner Stelle) wegrücken. Hat man ihn in zwei Teile so geteilt, dass einer grösser und einer kleiner ist, so ist der grössere unrein und der kleinere rein. Hat man ihn in drei Teile so geteilt, dass der eine so gross ist, wie die beiden anderen, so ist der grösste unrein und die beiden kleineren rein.",
+ "Hat man ihn der Breite nach in Ringe zerschnitten so, dass jeder weniger als vier Handbreit hoch ist, so ist er rein. Hat man ihn wieder mit Lehm bestrichen, so nimmt er Unreinheit an, sobald man ihn so geheizt hat, dass man schwammige Kuchen darin backen könnte. Hat man die Beklebung von ihm abstehend gemacht und Sand oder Steinchen dazwischen getan, — von diesem hat man gesagt: die Nidda und die Reine können darin backen, und er bleibt rein.",
+ "Wenn ein Ofen in Stücke geteilt aus dem Hause des Werkmeisters kommt und man ihm Reifen gemacht und daran angebracht hat, als er rein war, und er ist verunreinigt worden; so wird er, wenn man die Reifen von ihm abnimmt, wieder rein. Legt man dieselben wieder daran, so bleibt er rein. Wenn man ihn nun mit Lehm bestreicht, so nimmt er Unreinheit an, ohne dass man ihn abermals zu heizen braucht, weil er bereits geheizt worden ist.",
+ "Hat man ihn in Ringe zerschnitten und Sand zwischen einen Ring und den andern getan, so erklärt ihn R. Elieser für rein, die Weisen aber erklären ihn für verunreinigungsfähig; dies ist der Backofen von Achnai. Die Kessel der Araber, wobei man eine Vertiefung in die Erde gräbt und sie mit Lehm beklebt, sind, wenn die Beklebung für sich allein bestehen kann, verunreinigungsfähig, wenn nicht, rein. Dies ist der Backofen von Ben Dinai.",
+ "Ein steinerner oder metallener Ofen ist rein. Der letztere jedoch ist als Metall-Gerät verunreinigungsfähig. Ist er gelöchert, beschädigt oder gespalten worden und man hat eine Beklebung über denselben gemacht oder einen Lehm-Aufsatz darauf gesetzt, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Wie gross muss das Loch sein ? Dass das Feuer herausschlägt. Ebenso ist es beim Herde: Ein steinerner oder metallener Herd ist rein; letzterer jedoch ist als Metall-Gerät verunreinigungsfähig. War er gelöchert, beschädigt oder gespalten [und man hat ihn mit Lehm beklebt] und man hat Zacken daran gemacht, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man ihn mit Lehm bestrichen, sei es innerhalb oder ausserhalb, so bleibt er rein. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn dies von innen geschieht, ist er verunreinigungsfähig, wenn von aussen, bleibt er rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man drei Untersätze am Erdboden macht und sie mit Lehm verbindet, um einen Topf darauf zu setzen, so ist dies verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man drei Nägel in die Erde eingeschlagen, um den Topf darauf zu setzen, so ist dies, obgleich man oben eine Vorrichtung, worauf der Topf stehen sollte, gemacht hat, dennoch rein. Wenn man zwei Steine zu einem Herde macht und sie mit Lehm verbindet, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jehuda erklärt ihn für rein, es sei denn, dass man einen dritten Stein dazu nimmt, oder sie nahe an die Wand stellt. Ist ein Stein mit Lehm verbunden und einer nicht, so ist er rein.",
+ "Ein Stein, auf den man den Topf setzt, so dass dieser auf jenem und zugleich auf dem Ofen oder Herde oder Kuppach steht, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Steht der Topf aber auf dem Steine und zugleich auf einem anderen Steine oder auf einem Felsen oder an einer Wand, so ist er rein, und so war der an einen Felsen gelehnte Herd der Nasiräer. Wenn am Herde der Schlächter ein Stein neben den andern angebracht wird, so sind, wenn einer von ihnen unrein wird, alle übrigen nicht unrein.",
+ "Hat man drei Steine zu zwei Herden eingerichtet und einer der äusseren Steine ist unrein geworden, so ist vom mittleren der dem unreinen (Herde) dienende Teil unrein und der dem reinen dienende rein. Wird der reine weggenommen, so ist der mittlere Stein vollständig dem unreinen zugehörig; wird der unreine weggenommen, so ist der mittlere entschieden dem reinen zugehörig. Sind die beiden äusseren Steine unrein geworden, so wird, wenn der mittlere gross ist, von der einen Seite soviel, als zum Zustellen nötig ist, dem einen Herde, und von der anderen Seite soviel, als zum Zustellen nötig ist, dem anderen Herde zugerechnet, und das Übrige ist rein. Ist er aber klein, so ist er ganz unrein. Wird der mittlere Stein weggenommen, so ist das ganze, wenn man einen grossen Kessel darauf stellen kann, verunreinigungsfähig. Stellt man jenen Stein wieder zurück, so ist alles rein. Bestreicht man ihn mit Lehm, so nimmt es Unreinheit an, sobald man es so heizt, dass man ein Ei darauf kochen kann.",
+ "Wenn man zwei Steine zum Herde eingerichtet hat und sie verunreinigt worden sind, und man darauf einen Stein an der einen Seite und einen Stein an der anderen Seite daneben setzt, so ist von jedem der mittleren Steine die Hälfte unrein und die Hälfte rein. Werden die reinen Steine weggenommen, so werden die anderen wieder ganz unrein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn ein Kochkorb von Privatleuten am Boden weniger als drei Handbreiten tief ausgehöhlt ist, so ist er noch verunreinigungsfähig, weil, wenn man unten heizt, der Topf oben noch kochen kann; ist er aber tiefer ausgehöhlt, so ist er rein. Hat man Blei oder kleine Steine hinein getan, so bleibt er noch rein; wenn man es aber mit Lehm verschmiert, so nimmt er von nun an und weiter Unreinheit an. Das war es, woraus R. Jehuda den Einwand erhoben hat bei der Bestimmung über den Ofen, den man über die Öffnung einer Grube oder einer Zisterne gesetzt hat.",
+ "Ein Wärme-Kasten, an welchem ein Behälter für Töpfe sich befindet, ist rein in Bezug auf die bei einem Herde geltenden Bestimmungen, aber als mit einem Behältnis versehenes Gefäss verunreinigungsfähig. Was dessen Seiten berührt, ist nicht unrein wegen der beim Herde geltenden Bestimmungen. Das Breite davon ist nach R. Meïr rein, nach R. Jehuda unrein. Ebenso ist es, wenn man einen Korb umstülpt und auf der Rückseite einen Herd macht.",
+ "Wenn ein Herd der Länge nach zerteilt ist, so ist er rein, wenn der Breite nach, so ist er noch verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn ein Kuppach zerteilt ist, sei es der Länge oder der Breite nach, so ist er rein. Der Hof des Herdes ist, wenn er drei Fingerbreiten hoch ist, verunreinigungsfähig durch Berührung und vom Hohlraume aus; ist er niedriger, so kann er nur durch Berührung, aber nicht vom Hohlraume aus unrein werden. Wie bestimmt man denselben? R. Jsmael sagt: Man legt den Bratspiess von oben nach unten an, und diesem gegenüber kann er im Hohlraume unrein werden. R. Elieser b. Jakob sagt: Wenn der Herd unrein geworden, ist der Hof auch unrein; ist aber der Hof unrein geworden, so ist der Herd nicht unrein.",
+ "Wenn er vom Herd gesondert ist, so ist er, wenn er drei Fingerbreiten hoch ist, fähig der Verunreinigung durch Berührung und vom Hohlraume aus; ist er niedriger, oder wenn es eine blosse Platte ist, so ist er rein. Drei vorragende Zacken des Herdes zu je drei Fingerbreiten Höhe sind fähig der Verunreinigung durch Berührung und vom Lufttraume aus; sind sie niedriger, so sind sie umsomehr verunreinigungsfähig, selbst wenn es vier sind.",
+ "Wird eine von den Dreien weggenommen, so können sie nur durch Berührung, aber nicht vom Hohlraume aus unrein werden. So R. Meïr; R. Simon erklärt sie für ganz rein. Machte man von vorne herein nur zwei einander gegenüberstehende Zacken, so sind sie nach R. Meïr verunreinigungsfähig durch Berührung und vom Luftraume aus, nach R. Simon rein. Sind die Zacken höher als drei Fingerbreiten, so sind sie von drei Fingerbreiten an unterhalb fähig der Verunreinigung durch Berührung und vom Luftraume aus, oberhalb aber, nach R. Meïr nur durch Berührung, aber nicht vom Luftraume aus; nach R. Simon sind sie da rein. Sind die Zacken vom Rande (des Herdes) weiter hinausgezogen, so ist, was vom Rande nur drei Fingerbreiten entfernt ist, verunreinigungsfähig durch Berührung und vom Luftraume aus; was sich weiter hinaus zieht, kann, nach R. Meïr, nur durch Berührung aber nicht vom Luftraume aus unrein werden, nach R. Simon ist dies rein.",
+ "Wie bestimmt man dies? R. Simon b. Gamliel sagt: Man legt das Gestell zwischen sie; was ausserhalb des Gestells ist, ist rein, was innerhalb des Gestells ist, und auch der Ort, wo das Gestell liegt, ist unrein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man einen Ofen durch eine Scheidewand von Brettern oder Teppichen (in zwei Teile) geteilt hat, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier in einer Abteilung gefunden wird, alles unrein. Hat man einen runden Korb, der durchbrochen, wenn auch mit Stroh wieder zugestopft ist, in den innern Raum eines Opfens hinabgelassen, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier sich im Korbe befindet, der Ofen unrein; befindet sich das Kriechtier im Ofen, so sind die Speisen im Korbe unrein. R. Elieser aber erklärt sie für rein. Es sagt R. Elieser: Wenn dies vor der schweren Toten-Unreinheit schützt, sollte es nicht vor der leichten im irdenen Gefässe schützen? Darauf entgegnete man ihm: Wohl kann dies vor der schweren Toten-Unreinheit schützen, weil man Zelte abteilen kann, sollte dies aber vor der, wenn auch leichten, (Unreinheit) im irdenen Gefässe schützen, da man doch diese nicht abteilen kann.",
+ "Ist der Korb ganz, oder ist es eine Kufe oder ein Schlauch, so ist, wenn darin sich ein Kriechtier befindet, der Ofen noch rein; findet es sich im Ofen, so sind die Speisen in jenen rein. Sind sie gelöchert, so ist das (gesetzliche) Mass des Loches bei dem Gefässe, das für Speisen diente, so gross, dass Oliven durchfallen können; diente es für Getränke, so ist jenes Mass so, dass Flüssigkeit eindringen kann; diente es für beide Zwecke, so gilt das erschwerende Mass, nämlich das, dass Flüssigkeit eindringen kann.",
+ "Hat man auf die Öffnung eines Ofens ein Siebwerk so gelegt, dass es hineinsinkt, es hat aber keine Leisten, so ist, wenn in demselben ein Kriechtier sich befindet, der Ofen unrein; ist im Ofen ein Kriechtier, so sind die Speisen in jenem unrein, weil nur Geräte vor einem irdenen Geräte schützen. Wenn ein Fass, das voll ist mit reinem Getränke, unterhalb des untersten Teiles eines Ofens gesetzt ist, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier im Ofen sich befindet, das Fass nebst dem Getränke rein. War ein Fass umgestülpt und dessen Öffnung liegt an dem Hohlraum des Ofens, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier im Ofen sich befindet, die den Boden des Fasses benetzende Flüssigkeit rein.",
+ "Wenn ein Topf in einen Ofen eingesetzt ist, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier im Ofen sich befindet, der Topf rein, weil ein irdenes Gerät nicht Geräte verunreinigen kann. Ist er aber im Innern von Flüssigkeit benetzt, so ist diese unrein und durch sie auch der Topf. Der Topf kann also sagen: Was dich unrein gemacht hat, konnte mich nicht verunreinigen, du aber hast mich verunreinigt.",
+ "Wenn ein Huhn ein Kriechtier verschlungen hat, und in den Raum eines Ofens fällt, so ist dieser noch rein. Wenn aber das Huhn da stirbt, wird er unrein. Wenn ein Kriechtier in einem Ofen sich findet, so hat das Brot darin den zweiten Grad der Unreinheit, denn der Ofen hat den ersten Grad.",
+ "Wenn ein Sauerteig-Gefäss, mit einem fest anschliessenden Deckel verschlossen, in einen Ofen getan wird, während in jenem Sauerteig und ein Kriechtier sich befinden, die durch eine Scheidewand getrennt sind, so ist der Ofen unrein und der Sauerteig rein. War eine Olivengrösse vom Toten darin, so sind der Ofen und das Haus unrein und der Sauerteig rein. Ist aber dort eine Handbreite im Quadrat offen, so ist alles unrein.",
+ "Wenn ein Kriechtier im Auge des Ofens oder des Herdes oder des Kuppach von dem innern Rand nach aussen sich findet, so ist er rein. Befindet er sich im freien Luftraume, so ist er, selbst wenn es eine Olivengrösse von einem Toten ist, dennoch rein. Ist aber dort eine Öffnung von einer Quadrat-Handbreite, so ist alles unrein.",
+ "Findet es sich an der Stelle, wo man das Holz hineintut, so sagt R. Jehuda: Wenn es vom äussersten Rande weiter hinein liegt, so ist er unrein. Die Weisen sagen: Wenn es vom innern Rande nach aussen liegt, so ist er rein. R. Jose sagt: Liegt es von der dem Orte, wo der Topf steht, gegenüberliegenden Stelle weiter hinein, so ist er unrein, wenn aber von dort nach aussen, ist er rein. Findet es sich da, wo der Bademeister, der Färber oder der Olivensieder sitzt,. ist er rein. Er ist nur dann unrein, wenn es sich vom Verschluss und weiter hinein findet.",
+ "Ein Schmelzofen, an welchem ein Ort zum Zusetzen (eines Topfes) sich befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ebenso ist der Ofen der Glas-Erzeuger, wenn an ihm ein Ort zum Zusetzen sich befindet, verunreinigungsfähig. Der Brennofen der Kalk-Erzeuger, der Glaser und der Töpfer ist rein. Der grosse Backofen ist, wenn er Leisten hat, verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn er ein Dach hat. Rabban Gamliël sagt: Wenn er einen Saum hat.",
+ "Wenn jemand, den ein an einem Toten Verunreinigter berührt hat, Speisen und Getränke im Munde hat und den Kopf in den Raum eines reinen Ofens steckt, so verunreinigen sie ihn. Wenn wieder ein Reiner Speisen und Getränke im Munde hat und den Kopf in den Raum eines unreinen Ofens steckt, so werden sie unrein. Wenn jemand Feigenkuchen mit unreinen Händen isst und die Hand in den Mund steckt, um ein Steinchen herauszunehmen, so erklärt ihn R. Meïr für unrein, R. Jehuda für rein. R. Jose sagt: Wenn er ihn gewendet hat, ist er unrein, wenn nicht, ist er rein. Hatte er dabei einen Pondion im Munde, so sagt R. Jose, wenn dies des Durstes wegen geschah, so ist jener unrein.",
+ "Wenn einer (unreinen) Frau Milch aus der Brust trieft und in den Hohlraum des Ofens fällt, so ist dieser unrein; denn unreine Flüssigkeit verunreinigt, mag sie mit Willen oder unwillkürlich auf etwas gegeben worden sein. Fegt sie (den Ofen) aus, und sticht sich an einem Splitter, so dass Blut herauskommt, oder sie verbrennt sich und steckt den Finger in den Mund, so wird er unrein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn eine Nadel oder ein Ring in dem untersten Teile eines Ofens gefunden werden, und sie sind sichtbar, aber nicht hinausragend, so ist der Ofen, wenn der Teig beim Backen sie berühren würde, unrein. Von welchem Teige hat man dies gesagt? Von mittlerem Teige. Finden sie sich in der Beklebung eines Ofens, der mit einem fest anschliessenden Deckel zugemacht ist, so sind sie, wenn dieser unrein ist, unrein; ist dieser rein, so sind sie rein. Finden sie sich in dem Spund eines Fasses, so sind sie, wenn sie an seiner Seite sich finden, unrein; wenn aber gegen die Mündung zu, sind sie rein. Sind sie von innen sichtbar, sie ragen aber nicht in den Hohlraum hinein, so sind sie rein. Sinken sie hinein, aber unter denselben ist noch (Lehm), wenn auch so dünn, wie eine Knoblauch-Schale, so sind sie rein.",
+ "Wenn ein Fass, das voll ist mit reinen Getränken, während ein Heber darin steckt, mit einem anschliessenden Deckel verschlossen ist und in einem Totenzelte steht, so sagen Bet-Schammai: das Fass und die Getränke sind rein, der Heber aber ist unrein. Bet Hillel sagen: Auch der Heber ist rein. Bet Hillel haben ihre Ansicht (später) widerrufen, um wie Bet-Schammai zu entscheiden.",
+ "Wenn ein Kriechtier unterhalb des untersten Teiles eines Ofens sich findet, so ist dieser rein; denn ich nehme an, es ist lebend hineingefallen und jetzt erst gestorben. Wenn eine Nadel oder ein Ring unterhalb des untersten Teiles eines Ofens gefunden werden, so ist dieser rein; denn ich nehme an, sie waren dort, bevor der Ofen hingesetzt wurde. Finden sie sich in der Brennasche, so ist er unrein, weil da die Möglichkeit irgend einer anderen Annahme nicht vorhanden ist.",
+ "Wenn ein Schwamm, der unreine Getränke eingesogen hat, von aussen aber trocken geworden ist, in den Hohlraum eines Ofens fällt, so ist dieser unrein, weil am Ende die Flüssigkeit herauskommen wird. Ebenso ein Stück Rübe oder Schilf. R. Simon erklärt ihn bei diesen beiden für rein.",
+ "Wenn Scherben, die man zu unreinen Flüssigkeiten gebraucht hat, in den Hohlraum eines Ofens gefallen sind, so ist der Ofen, wenn er geheizt wird, unrein, weil dann die Flüssigkeit herauskommt. Ebenso ist es bei frischen Öltrestern, bei alten aber ist er rein. Ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass davon noch Flüssigkeit herauskommt, so ist er, auch wenn sie über drei Jahre alt sind, unrein.",
+ "Wenn auf Öltrestern und Weinbeerhülsen, die in Reinheit bereitet waren, unreine Personen gegangen sind, und dann Flüssigkeit von ihnen herausgekommen ist, so sind sie rein, weil sie anfangs in Reinheit bereitet waren. Wenn in eine Spindelstange der Haken, in einen Ochsenstecken, der Stachel, oder in einen Ziegelstein ein Ring gänzlich eingesunken ist, während sie rein waren, und sie in ein Totenzelt gekommen sind, so sind sie unrein. Bewegt sie ein Flüssiger, so sind sie (ebenfalls) unrein. Fallen sie dann in den Hohlraum eines reinen Ofens, so verunreinigen sie ihn. Berührt sie aber ein Brot von Teruma, so bleibt es rein.",
+ "Wenn ein Deckel auf die Öffnung eines Ofens so gesetzt wird, dass diese damit fest verschlossen ist, und vom Ofen zum Deckel hin eine Spalte entsteht, so ist deren Mass die Breite des Endes eines Rindersteckens, wenn es auch nicht hineingeht. R. Jehuda sagt: Nur wenn es hineingeht. Hat der Deckel eine Spalte, so ist deren Mass die Breite des Endes eines Rinder-Steckens, so dass es hineingeht. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn es auch nicht hineingeht. War sie gerundet, betrachtet man sie nicht als länglich, sondern das Mass ist so, dass die Breite des Endes eines Rindersteckens hineingeht.",
+ "Wenn ein Ofen an seinem Ange ein Loch bekommt, so ist dessen Mass so, dass eine brennende Spindelstange hinein- und hinausgeht. R. Jehuda sagt: Eine nichtbrennende. Ist das Loch an der Seite desselben, so ist dessen Mass so, dass eine nichtbrennende Spindelstange hinein- und hinausgeht. R. Jehuda sagt: Eine brennende. R. Simon sagt: Wenn in der Mitte, so muss sie hineingehen, wenn aber an der Seite, so braucht sie nicht hineinzugehen. Ebenso hat er auch bei dem Loche im Spunde des Fasses bestimmt, wo das Mass ist die Dicke des zweiten Knotens am Roggen-Halm; ist es in der Mitte, so muss er hineingehen, ist es an der Seite, so braucht er nicht hineinzugehen. Ebenso hat er auch beim Loche der grossen Kannen bestimmt, dessen Mass ist, die Dicke des zweiten Knotens am Rohre; ist es in der Mitte, so muss er hineingehen, ist es an der Seite, so braucht er nicht hineinzugehen. Wobei sind diese Worte gesagt? Wenn sie zu Wein gemacht sind; sind sie aber zu anderen Getränken gemacht, so sind sie bei noch so kleiner Öffnung verunreinigungsfähig. Ferner ist dies nur gesagt, wenn die Öffnungen nicht durch Menschenhände gemacht sind; sind sie aber durch Menschenhände gemacht worden, so sind sie bei noch so kleiner Öffnung verunreinigungsfähig. Sind die Gefässe gelöchert, so gilt bei einem solchen, das für Speisen dient, das Oliven-Mass; dient es für Getränke, so ist das Mass so, dass Flüssigkeit eindringt; dient es für beide Zwecke, so gilt die erschwerende Bestimmung, dass nämlich hinsichtlich des fest anschliessenden Deckels das Mass des Eindringens von Flüssigkeit genügt."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Folgende Gefässe schützen mittelst des fest anschliessenden Deckels: Gefässe aus Rindermist, Gefässe aus Stein, Gefässe aus (ungebrannter) Erde, Gefässe aus Ton und Nether-Gefässe. Ferner Bein und Haut vom Fisch, Knochen und Haut von Seetieren und die rein bleibenden hölzernen Geräte. Sie schützen sowohl, wenn der Deckel oben, als wenn er an der Seite angebracht ist; sowohl wenn die Gefässe auf ihrem Boden stehen, als wenn sie auf die Seite gelegt sind. Sind sie auf die Öffnung umgestülpt, so schützen sie alles, was unter ihnen liegt bis zum Tehom hinab. R. Elieser erklärt es für unrein. Sie vermögen alles zu schützen, mit der Ausnahme, dass irdene Gefässe nur Speisen, Getränke und irdene Gefässe schützen können.",
+ "Womit kann man fest anschliessend machen ? Mit Kalk, Gips, Pech, Wachs, Lehm, Kot, Mauer-Lehm, Töpferton und mit jeder Sache, die sich zum Verstreichen eignet. Man kann nicht fest anschliessend machen mit Zinn oder Blei, weil dies wohl ein Deckel ist, aber nicht fest anschliessend. Man soll ferner nicht fest anschliessend machen mit fettem Feigenkuchen oder mit Teig, der mit Fruchtsaft geknetet ist, damit man es nicht zur Verunreinigung bringe. Hat man aber mit diesen (etwas) fest anschliessend gemacht, so schützt es.",
+ "Ein Spund eines Fasses, der lose geworden ist, aber nicht abgeht, kann nach R. Jehuda schützen; die Weisen aber sagen: Er schützt nicht. Geht dessen Griffhöhlung tief bis ins Innere des Fasses hinein, so ist, wenn ein Kriechtier in derselben sich befindet, das Fass unrein; ist ein Kriechtier im Fasse, so sind die in derselben befindlichen Speisen unrein.",
+ "Wenn man einen Ball oder einen Knäuel von Schilf auf die Fassöffnung getan und bloss an den Seiten verstrichen hat, so schützt es nicht, sondern man muss darüber und darunter bestreichen. Eben dasselbe gilt von einem Stück Zeug. Ist es aber ein Stück Papier oder Leder, und man bindet eine Schnur darum, so schützt es, wenn man bloss an den Seiten verstreicht.",
+ "Wenn von einem (gepichten) Fasse sich Scherben losgelöst haben, dessen Pech aber noch dort steht, oder wenn man Salzbrühe- Krüge am Rande vergipst hat, so sagt R. Jehuda: Es schützt nicht; die Weisen aber sagen: Es schützt.",
+ "Wenn ein Fass gelöchert ist und die Hefen es verstopfen, so schützen sie es. Verstopft man es mit einer Weinrebe, so schützt sie nur, wenn man sie an den Seiten verstreicht. Waren es zwei Reben, so schützen sie nur, wenn man an den Seiten und zwischen einer Rebe und der andern verstreicht. Wenn man ein Brett auf die Öffnung des Ofens legt, so schützt es nur, wenn man es an den Seiten verstreicht. Sind es zwei Bretter, so schützen sie nur, wenn man an den Seiten und zwischen einem Brett und dem andern verstreicht. Hat man sie mittelst Zapfen oder Fugen verbunden, so braucht man dazwischen nicht zu verstreichen.",
+ "Steht ein alter Ofen in einem neuen, und ein Deckel liegt auf der Öffnung des alten; ist dies derart, dass durch Wegnehmen des alten der Deckel herunterfiele, so ist alles unrein; ist aber dies nicht der Fall, so ist alles rein. Steht ein neuer in einem alten, und ein Deckel liegt auf dem alten, so ist, wenn zwischen dem neuen und dem Deckel kein Zwischenraum von einer Handbreite ist, alles im neuen Befindliche rein.",
+ "Wenn mehrere Tiegel ineinander stehen und ihre Ränder oben gleich sind, so ist, falls sich ein Kriechtier im obersten oder untersten befindet, dieser eine unrein und alle andern rein. Sind sie aber so gelöchert, dass Flüssigkeit eindringen kann, so gilt folgendes: Ist ein Kriechtier im obersten, so sind alle unrein; ist es im untersten, so ist dieser unrein und alle andern rein. Befindet sich ein Kriechtier im obersten, während der unterste überragend ist, so ist jener und der unterste unrein. In diesem Falle, wo sich ein Kriechtier im obersten befindet, während der unterste überragend ist, sind auch von den mittlern alle, die von Flüssigkeit benetzt sind, unrein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Von Metall-Geräten sind die flachen, wie die mit einem Behälter versehenen verunreinigungsfähig. Zerbrechen sie, so werden sie rein. Macht man wieder Geräte aus denselben, so kehren sie wieder in ihre alte Unreinheit zurück. R. Simon ben Gamliel sagt: Dies gilt nicht für jede Unreinheit, sondern nur für die Toten-Unreinheit.",
+ "Jedes Metall-Gerät, das einen Namen für sich allein hat, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ausgenommen ist: die Türe, der Riegel, das Schloss, die Pfanne unter der Türangel, die Türangel, der Klopfer und die Rinne, weil sie zur Befestigung an die Erde bestimmt sind.",
+ "Wenn man Geräte macht aus Roheisen, aus Eisenklumpen, aus dem Reifen eines Rades, aus Platten, aus Überzügen von Gefässen, aus Gestellen von Gefässen, aus Rändern von Gefässen, oder aus Henkeln von Gefässen, aus Abfällen, oder aus Feilspänen, so sind sie rein. R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s, sagt: Auch von zerschnittenen Gefässen. Macht man aber Geräte aus Bruchstücken von Gefässen, aus altem Gerümpel oder aus Nägeln, von denen man weiss, dass sie aus Gefässen gemacht wurden, so sind sie unrein. Gefässe aus Nägeln (schlechthin) sind nach Bet-Schammai unrein, nach Bet-Hillel rein.",
+ "Hat man unreines Eisen mit reinem Eisen gemischt, so ist dies, falls das Meiste vom Unreinen ist, unrein; falls das Meiste vom Reinen, rein; wenn von jedem zur Hälfte, unrein. Ebenso ist es, wenn man aus Zement und Mist ein Gerät gemacht. Der Metall-Riegel ist unrein; der (mit Metall) überzogene ist rein.. Die Zapfen und der Querriegel sind unrein. Den Riegel darf man nach R. Josua am Sabbat von einer Türe fortziehen und an eine andere hängen. R. Tarfon sagt: Er ist wie alle andern Geräte zu betrachten und darf im Hofe fortbewegt werden.",
+ "Der Skorpion der Halfter ist unrein. Die Bleche an den Kinnbacken sind rein. R. Elieser erklärt die Bleche für verunreinigungsfähig. Die Weisen sagen: Nur der Skorpion ist unrein und wenn sie aneinander befestigt sind, ist alles unrein.",
+ "Ein metallener Wirtel ist nach R. Akiba verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären ihn für rein. Der (mit Metall) überzogene ist rein. Die Stange, der Wocken, der Stecken, die Doppelflöte und die Pfeife sind, wenn sie aus Metall bestehen, verunreinigungsfähig; sind sie aber bloss (mit Metall) überzogen, so sind sie rein. Wenn die Doppelflöte mit einem Behälter für Flügel versehen ist, so ist sie in beiden Fällen verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Ein rundes Horn ist verunreinigungsfähig, ein gerades ist rein; ist sein Mundstück von Metall, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Den unteren Ansatz desselben erklärt R. Tarfon für verunreinigungsfähig, die Weisen aber für rein. Wenn sie miteinander verbunden sind, ist alles verunreinigungsfähig. Desgleichen (hat man gelehrt): Die Röhren des Leuchters sind rein, der Aufsatz und die Basis sind verunreinigungsfähig, und wenn sie miteinander verbunden sind, ist alles verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Der Helm ist verunreinigungsfähig, die Wangen-Schienen aber sind rein. Ist jedoch an diesen ein Behältnis Wasser aufzunehmen, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Alle Kriegsgeräte sind verunreinigungsfähig: der Speer, der Mauerbrecher, die Beinschienen und der Panzer sind verunreinigungsfähig. Alle Schmuckgegenstände der Frauen sind verunreinigungsfähig: Die goldene Stadt, Halsketten, Ohrringe, Fingerringe, ein Ring sowohl, wenn er mit Petschaft versehen ist, als wenn kein Petschaft daran ist, und Nasenringe. Bei einer Halskette, deren Glieder von Metall sind, welche ein Faden von Leinen oder Wolle verbindet, sind, wenn der Faden gerissen, die Glieder verunreinigungsfähig, weil jedes einzelne als besonderes Gerät betrachtet wird. Ist der Faden von Metall, und die Glieder von Edelsteinen, Perlen oder Glas, so ist, (selbst) wenn die Glieder zerbrochen sind und der Faden allein geblieben ist, dieser verunreinigungsfähig. Der Rest einer Halskette (ist noch verunreinigungsfähig), wenn er für den Hals eines kleinen Mädchens ausreicht. R. Elieser sagt: Selbst wenn nur ein einzelner Ring geblieben, ist er verunreinigungsfähig, weil man ihn an den Hals hängt.",
+ "Wenn an einem Ohrgehänge, das unten topfförmig und oben linsenförmig gemacht ist, die Teile auseinander gerissen sind, so ist der topfförmige Teil als Gerät mit Behälter verunreinigungsfähig, und auch der linsenförmige Teil ist für sich verunreinigungsfähig. Das Häkchen ist rein. Ist ein Gehänge, das traubenförmig gemacht ist, auseinander gerissen, so ist es rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Der Ring des Menschen ist verunreinigungsfähig; aber ein Ring für Vieh oder für Geräte und sonstige Ringe sind rein, der Balken für Pfeile ist verunreinigungsfähig, der für Gefangene aber ist rein. Das Halseisen ist verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Kette, an der ein Schloss sich befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig, dagegen ist die, welche zum Binden dient, rein. Die Kette der Getreide-Händler ist verunreinigungsfähig, die der Privatleute aber ist rein. Es sagt R. Jose: Wann gilt dies? Wenn nur ein Schlüssel daran ist, sind aber deren zwei oder hat man ans Ende eine Schnecke angebracht, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Der Wage-Balken der Wollkämmer ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen der Haken, der der Privatleute ist nur, wenn Haken daran sind, verunreinigungsfähig. Die Tragstange der Lastträger ist rein, die der Gewürzkrämer verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jehuda sagt: Nur der von den Gewürzkrämern vorn getragene Behälter ist verunreinigungsfähig, der hinten getragene ist rein. Der Haken einer Bettstelle ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Bettstangen ist rein. Der (Haken) am Kasten ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Fischreuse ist rein. Der des Tisches ist verunreinigungsfähig, der am hölzernen Leuchter ist rein. Dies ist die Regel: Jeder (Haken), der mit Verunreinigungsfähigem verbunden ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig, der mit Reinem verbundene ist rein. Alle aber, einzeln für sich allein, sind rein.",
+ "Den metallenen Deckel des Korbes der Hausherren erklärt Rabban Gamliel für verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären ihn für rein; der der Ärzte aber ist verunreinigungsfähig. Die Türe am Schranke der Hausherrn ist rein, die an dem der Ärzte ist verunreinigungsfähig. Die Zangen sind verunreinigungsfähig, die Herdeisen sind rein. Der Skorpion an der Ölkelter ist verunreinigungsfähig, die Haken an den Wänden sind rein.",
+ "Die Lanzette des Aderlassers ist verunreinigungsfähig; der Stift an der Sonnenuhr ist rein. R. Zadok erklärt ihn für verunreinigungsfähig. Der Nagel des Webers ist verunreinigungsfähig; den Kasten der Gräupner erklärt R. Zadok für verunreinigungsfähig, die Weisen erklären ihn für rein. Wenn dessen Wagen von Metall ist, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Ein Nagel, den man zugerichtet hat, um damit auf- und zuzuschliessen, ist verunreinigungsfähig; der, welcher blos behufs Merkzeichens angebracht wird, ist rein. Einen Nagel, den man zugerichtet hat, ein Fass damit zu öffnen, erklärt R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären ihn für rein, bis man ihn geschmiedet hat. Der Nagel des Geldwechslers ist rein; R. Zadok erklärt ihn für verunreinigungsfähig. Drei Dinge erklärt R. Zadok für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie für rein: Den Nagel des Geldwechslers, den Kasten der Gräupner und den Stift an der Sonnenuhr; diese erklärt R. Zadok für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie für rein.",
+ "Vier Dinge erklärt R. Gamliel für verunreinigungsfähig, und die Weisen erklären sie für rein: Den Metall-Deckel des Korbes der Hausherrn, den Henkel der Striegel, noch nicht fertige Metall-Gefässe und eine in zwei Teile geteilte Tafel. Doch gestehen die Weisen dem R. Gamliel zu, dass, wenn eine Tafel in zwei Stücke geteilt ist, von denen eines grösser als das andere ist, das grössere verunreinigungsfähig und das kleinere rein ist.",
+ "Wenn ein Denar ungiltig geworden ist und man ihn zugerichtet hat, um ihn einem kleinen Mädchen an den Hals zu hängen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Ebenso ist ein Sela, der ungiltig geworden und zugerichtet worden ist, um damit zu wägen, verunreinigungsfähig. Bis wieviel kann ihm abgehen, dass man ihn noch behalten kann? Bis auf zwei Denare. Ist er weniger, so muss er zerschnitten werden.",
+ "Das Federmesser, die Feder, das Senkblei, die Gewichte, die Pressplatten das Lineal und die Liniertafel sind verunreinigungsfähig. Auch alle noch nicht fertigen hölzernen Geräte sind verunreinigungsfähig ausser den von Buchsbaumholz. R. Jehuda sagt: Auch die von Ölbaum-Reisern sind rein, es sei denn, dass man diese gesotten hat.."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Das Schwert, das Messer, der Dolch, der Spiess, die Handsichel, die Erntesichel, das Schermesser und die Schere der Barbiere sind, wenn sie auch geteilt sind, verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jose sagt: Der dem Handgriff nahe Teil ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Spitze nahe ist rein. Ein Zwickmesser, das in zwei Teile geteilt worden, erklärt R. Jehuda für verunreinigungsfähig. Die Weisen aber erklären es für rein.",
+ "Eine Schaufel-Gabel, deren Schippe abgebrochen wurde, ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen ihrer Zacken; sind die Zacken abgebrochen, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig wegen der Schippe. Ein Schminkstift, dessen Ohrlöffel abgenommen wurde, ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen der Spitze; ist die Spitze abgenommen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig wegen des Ohrlöffels. Ein Schreibstil, dessen Schreibgriffel abgenommen wurde, ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen des Löschers; ist der Löscher weggenommen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig wegen des Schreibgriffels. Ein Schaumschöpfer, dessen Löffel abgenommen wurde, ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen der Gabel; ist die Gabel abgenommen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig wegen des Löffels. Ebenso ist es bei den Zinken des Karstes. Das Mass aller dieser Dinge ist, wenn es noch soviel ist, dass man die gewöhnliche Arbeit damit verrichten kann.",
+ "Wenn die Rinderstecken-Schaufel schadhaft geworden, ist sie verunreinigungsfähig, bis das meiste daran fehlt; ist das Öhr daran zerbrochen, so ist sie rein. Wenn an der Axt die spitze Seite fehlt, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig wegen der scharfen Seite; fehlt die scharfe Seite, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig wegen der spitzen Seite. Ist das Öhr zerbrochen, so ist sie rein.",
+ "Wenn von einer Schaufel das Blatt abgenommen wurde, ist sie nach verunreinigungsfähig, weil sie noch einem Hammer gleicht, so R. Meïr; die Weisen aber erklären sie für rein. Eine Säge, von der zwischen je zwei Zähnen einer weggenommen wurde, ist rein. Ist aber daran an einer Stelle ein Sit lang ganz geblieben, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig. Das Beil, das Messerchen, der Hobel und der Bohrer, die schadhaft geworden, sind noch verunreinigungsfähig. Ist aber deren Stahl weggenommen, so sind sie rein. Alle sind, auch wenn sie in zwei Teile geteilt sind, verunreinigungsfähig mit Ausnahme des Bohrers. Das Hobelgehäuse für sich allein ist rein.",
+ "Wenn an einer Nähnadel das Öhr oder die Spitze abgebrochen, so ist sie rein. Hat man sie zum Ausspannen zugerichtet, so ist sie wieder verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Packnadel, deren Öhr fehlt, ist verunreinigungsfähig, weil man damit schreiben kann. Fehlt die Spitze, so ist sie rein. Die zum Ausspannen bestimmte ist jedenfalls verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Nadel, an welche sich Rost angesetzt hat, ist, wenn er das Nähen hindert, rein, wenn nicht, verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man einen Haken gerade gemacht hat, so ist er rein; hat man ihn wieder gekrümmt, so kehrt er in den Unreinheits-Zustand zurück.",
+ "Holz, welches dem Metallgeräte dient, ist verunreinigungsfähig, Metall, das dem Holzgeräte dient, ist rein, wie z. B.? Ein Schloss von Holz, dessen Zapfen von Metall sind, auch wenn nur einer so ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Ist das Schloss von Metall und die Zapfen von Holz, so ist es rein. Ein metallener Ring mit einem Siegel aus Korallen ist verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Korallen-Ring mit metallenem Siegel ist rein. Der Zahn von der Platte des Schlosses oder vom Schlüssel für sich allein ist verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Wenn Askelonische Hebewerkzeuge zerbrochen sind und deren Haken noch bestehen, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man an einer Strohgabel, einer Worfelgabel, einem Rechen oder einem Haarkamm, woran ein Zahn abgenommen war, einen metallenen gemacht hat, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Auf alle diese sagte R. Josua: Die Sopherim haben hier eine Neuerung gemacht, die ich nicht erklären kann.",
+ "Eine Flachshechel, deren Zähne weggenommen sind, ist, wenn auch nur zwei daran geblieben sind, verunreinigungsfähig; ist aber nur einer geblieben, so ist sie rein. Jeder einzelne für sich jedoch ist verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Wollkamm, bei dem zwischen je zwei Zähnen einer weggenommen wurde, ist rein. Sind drei nebeneinander daran geblieben, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. War aber einer von diesen der äusserste, so ist er rein. Hat man zwei davon abgenommen und daraus ein Zänglein gemacht, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man einen davon für die Lampe oder zum Aufspannen zugerichtet, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Welches Mass gilt bei Metallgeräten ? Beim Eimer, wenn man damit schöpfen kann; beim grossen Kessel, wenn man darin (Wasser) wärmen kann; beim Wärmekessel, wenn er Selaïm aufnehmen kann; beim Kochkessel, wenn er Becher aufnehmen kann; beim Becher, wenn er Perutoth aufnehmen kann. Bei Weinmassen, wenn man Wein, und bei Ölmassen, wenn man Öl damit messen kann. R. Elieser sagt: Bei allen (gilt als Mass), wenn sie Perutoth aufnehmen können. R. Akiba sagt: Dasjenige (Gerät), das noch des Abschabens bedarf, ist verunreinigungsfähig, was aber noch der Abglättung bedarf, ist rein.",
+ "Ein Stock, an dessen Spitze man einen keulenartigen Nagel anbringt, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ebenso ist er, wenn man ihn mit Nägeln beschlägt, verunreinigungsfähig. R. Simon sagt: Nur wenn man drei Reihen daran angebracht hat. Alle aber, an denen es zur Zierde gemacht ist, sind rein. Hat man an dessen Ende ein Rohr angebracht, ebenso wenn ein solches an einer Türe angebracht ist, so ist es rein. War es aber vorher ein Gerät, und man hat es nun mit jenen verbunden, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Wann wird es wieder rein? Bet-Schammai sagen: Sobald man es beschädigt; Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Sobald man es (an jenen) befestigt.",
+ "Das Brecheisen des Maurers und die Spitzhacke des Zimmermanns sind verunreinigungsfähig. Die Zeltpflöcke und die Pflöcke der Feldmesser sind verunreinigungsfähig. Die Kette der Feldmesser ist verunreinigungsfähig; die, welche für Holz dient, ist rein. Die Kette eines grossen Eimers ist bis zu vier Handbreiten (mit dem Eimer unrein), die eines kleinen Eimers bis zu zehn. Der Bock der Schmiede ist verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Säge, deren Zähne man in Löcher eingesetzt hat, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man dieselben von unten nach oben gewendet, so ist sie rein. Alle Deckel sind rein, ausser dem des Wärmekessels.",
+ "Am Wagen sind verunreinigungsfähig: der metallene Jochbalken, die Querstange, die Ansätze (am Joche), die zur Aufnahme der Riemen dienen, das Eisen, das unter dem Halse des Tieres angebracht ist, der Ring, der Gurt, die Schüsseln, die Schellenklöppel, der Haken und der Nagel, der irgendwelche Teile zusammenhält.",
+ "Rein sind am Wagen: der (mit Metall) überzogene (hölzerne) Jochbalken, die Ansätze, die zur Zierde gemacht sind, die Röhren, die zum Tönen dienen, das Blei an der Seite des Halses des Tieres, der Reifen des Rades, die Bleche, die Beschläge und die sonstigen Nägel — alle diese sind rein. Die metallenen Sandalen eines Tieres sind verunreinigungsfähig; die aus Kork sind rein. Von wann an nimmt das Schwert Unreinheit an? Sobald man es geglättet hat; das Messer erst, wenn man es geschärft hat.",
+ "Wenn man in einem metallenen Korbdeckel einen Spiegel gemacht hat, so erklärt ihn R. Jehuda für rein; die Weisen aber erklären ihn für verunreinigungsfähig. Ein zerbrochener Spiegel ist, wenn er nicht mehr den grössten Teil des Gesichts zeigt, rein.",
+ "Metallgeräte können verunreinigt und wieder rein gemacht werden, auch, wenn sie zerbrochen sind; dies die Worte R. Eliesers. R. Josua sagt, sie können nur rein gemacht werden, wenn sie ganz sind. In welcher Weise ? Hat man sie besprengt, und sie sind an demselben Tage zerbrochen worden, dann hat man an demselben Tage sie wieder zusammengelötet und zum zweiten Male besprengt, so sind sie rein; dies die Ansicht des R. Elieser. R. Josua sagt: Die Besprengung kann nur frühestens am dritten und siebenten Tage vorgenommen werden.",
+ "Wenn ein knieförmiger Schlüssel in seiner Knie-Biegung zerbrochen ist, so ist er rein. R. Jehuda erklärt ihn für verunreinigungsfähig, weil man noch von innen damit öffnen kann. Wenn ein gammaförmiger Schlüssel in seiner Knie-Biegung zerbrochen ist, so ist er rein. Sind Zähne und Löcher daran, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Sind die Zähne weggenommen, so kann er noch unrein werden wegen der Löcher; sind die Löcher verstopft, so kann er noch unrein werden wegen der Zähne. Sind die Zähne weggenommen und die Löcher verstopft, oder jene sind bis in diese gebrochen, so ist er rein. Eine Senfseihe, in welcher unten drei Löcher in einander gebrochen sind, ist rein. Ein metallener Mühlentrichter ist verunreinigungsfähig."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Von hölzernen, ledernen, knöchernen und gläsernen Geräten sind die flachen rein, die mit Behältern versehenen aber verunreinigungsfähig. Zerbrechen sie, so werden sie rein. Macht man wieder Geräte aus denselben, so nehmen sie von nun ab und weiter Unreinheit an. Eine Kiste, ein Kasten, ein Schrank, ein runder Korb aus Stroh oder aus Rohr und der Brunnen eines Alexandrinischen Schiffes, welche einen Boden haben und vierzig Seah Flüssiges, oder zwei Kor Trockenes fassen können, sind rein. Alle anderen Geräte, sie mögen so viel fassen können oder nicht, sind verunreinigungsfähig. Dies die Worte R. Meïrs. R. Jehuda sagt: Ein Wagen-Fass, ein Speisekasten der Könige, ein Gerber-Trog, ein Brunnen eines kleinen Schiffes und die Lade sind, selbst wenn sie so viel fassen, verunreinigungsfähig, weil man sie nur mit dem, was darin ist, fortzubringen pflegt. Alle anderen Geräte sind, wenn sie so viel fassen, rein; wenn sie nicht so viel fassen, verunreinigungsfähig. Zwischen R. Meïr und R. Jehuda besteht nur die Meinungsverschiedenheit bezüglich eines Troges des Hausherrn.",
+ "Die Backbretter des Bäckers sind verunreinigungsfähig, die der Hausherren aber sind rein. Hat man sie jedoch hellrot oder mit Safranfarbe gefärbt, sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Die Tafel der Bäcker, die man an die Wand befestigt hat, erklärt R. Elieser für rein, die Weisen aber für verunreinigungsfähig. Das Anrichtebrett der Bäcker ist verunreinigungsfähig, das der Hausherren ist rein. Hat er dieses aber von allen vier Seiten mit einer Einfassung umschlossen, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Ist sie an einer Seite wieder zerbrochen worden, so ist es rein. R. Simon sagt: Wenn man es zugerichtet hat, um den Teig darauf zu schneiden, ist es verunreinigungsfähig; ebenso ist das Walgerholz verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Der Siebboden der Kernmehlmacher ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Hausherren ist rein. R. Jehuda sagt: Auch der der Haarflechterinnen ist als Sitz verunreinigungsfähig, weil die Mädchen beim Haarflechten darin sitzen.",
+ "Alle Henkel sind verunreinigungsfähig, ausser dem Henkel des Siebes und des Reuters des Haushalts. Dies die Worte R. Meïrs. Die Weisen sagen: Alle sind rein, ausser dem Henkel des Siebes der Kernmehlmacher, dem Henkel des Reuters der Tennen, dem Henkel der Handsichel und dem Henkel des Stockes der Zoll-Aufseher, weil dieselben bei der Arbeit mithelfen. Dies ist die Regel: Derjenige (Henkel), welcher zum Mithelfen bei der Arbeit bestimmt ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig, der aber bloss zum Anhängen dient, ist rein.",
+ "Die Schaufel der Gräupner ist verunreinigungsfähig, die der Kornkammern ist rein, die der Keltern ist verunreinigungsfähig, die der Tennen rein. Dies ist die Regel: Diejenige, welche zum Aufnehmen bestimmt ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig, die zum Zusammenscharren dienende ist rein.",
+ "Gesanges-Harfen sind verunreinigungsfähig, die Harfen der Söhne Lewi’s aber sind rein. Alle Flüssigkeiten sind verunreinigungsfähig, aber die Flüssigkeiten im Schlachthause sind rein. Alle heiligen Schriften verunreinigen die Hände, ausser dem Gesetzbuche des Tempel-Vorhofes. Der Markoph ist rein, die Guitarre, der Niktemon und die Trommel sind verunreinigungfähig. R. Jehada sagt: Die Trommel kann verunreinigt werden als Sitz, weil die Klagefrau darauf sitzt. Eine Wiesel-Falle ist verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Mausefalle ist rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Jedes hölzerne Gerät, das in zwei Teile geteilt worden, ist rein; ausgenommen sind: Der Doppeltisch, die zu verschiedenen Frucht-Arten eingerichteten Schüsseln und der Fussschemel des Hausherrn. R. Jehuda sagt: Auch die Schale und die babylonische Schüssel sind diesen gleich. Von wann an nehmen hölzerne Geräte Unreinheit an ? Das Bett und die Wiege, sobald man sie mit der Fischhaut abgerieben hat; beschliesst man, sie nicht abzureiben, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. R. Meïr sagt: Das Bett (nimmt Unreinheit an), sobald man drei Maschenreihen darin geflochten hat.",
+ "Die hölzernen Körbe, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht und sie beschnitten hat; die aus Palmzweigen geflochtenen sind auch, wenn man sie nicht von innen beschnitten hat, verunreinigungsfähig, weil man sie so schon bestehen lässt. Der Frachtkorb, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht, ihn beschnitten und den Henkel vollendet hat. Ein Flaschenkorb und ein Becherbehälter sind auch, wenn man sie nicht von innen beschnitten hat, verunreinigungsfähig, weil man sie so schon bestehen lässt.",
+ "Die kleinen Tischkörbchen und die Handkörbe, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht und sie beschnitten hat. Die grossen Brodkörbe und die grossen Getreidekörbe, sobald man zwei Kreise an ihrer Breite gemacht hat. Der Boden des feinen und groben Siebes und der Wagschale, sobald man einen Kreis an ihrer Breite gemacht hat. Der Weidenkorb, sobald man zwei Windungen nach seiner Breite gemacht hat; der Korkkorb, sobald man eine Windung daran gemacht hat.",
+ "Wann nehmen lederne Geräte Unreinheit an? Die Tasche, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht, sie beschnitten und ihre Schleifen verfertigt hat. R. Jehuda sagt: Sobald man die Ohren daran gemacht hat. Das Schurzfell, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht, es beschnitten und die Schnüre daran gemacht hat. R. Jehuda sagt: Sobald man die Ringe daran gemacht hat. Eine Bett-Unterlage, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht und sie beschnitten hat. R. Jehuda sagt: Sobald man die Schleifen daran gemacht hat. Die Decke und das Kissen von Leder, sobald man den Verschluss gemacht und sie beschnitten hat. R. Jehuda sagt: Sobald man sie zugenäht und weniger als fünf Handbreiten offen gelassen hat.",
+ "Ein Feigenkorb ist verunreinigungsfähig, aber der grosse Getreide-Behälter ist rein. Fruchtkörbchen aus Blättern sind rein, die aus Gerten sind verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Geflechte für Datteln ist, wenn man leicht hineintun und herausnehmen kann, verunreinigungsfähig; wenn dies aber nicht anders geschehen kann, als bis man es zerreisst oder auftrennt, so ist es rein.",
+ "Der lederne Handschuh der Worfler, der Reisenden, der Flachsarbeiter ist verunreinigungsfähig; dagegen ist der der Färber und der Schmiede rein. R. Jose sagt: Auch der der Gräupner ist letzteren gleich. Dies ist die Regel: Dasjenige, das zum Aufnehmen dient, ist verunreinigungsfähig; was nur des Schweisses wegen gebraucht wird, ist rein.",
+ "Der Mistsack des Rindes und dessen Maulkorb, das Räuchergefäss für die Bienen und der Fächer sind rein. Der Deckel des Schmuckkastens ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Kleiderkiste ist rein. Der Deckel einer Lade, der Deckel eines Korbes, die Presse des Zimmermanns, der Stuhl unter der Lade und die Wölbung über derselben, das Lesepult für Bücher, das Gehäuse zum Riegel, das Gehäuse des Schlosses, die Kapsel der Mesusah, das Futteral zu Psaltern, zu Harfen, der Block der Turban-Verfertiger, der Markoph des Musikanten, das Spielinstrument der Klagefrau, der Sonnenschirm des Armen, die Stützen des Bettes, die Form der Tephilla, das Modell der Kleider-Weber — alle diese sind rein. Dies ist die Regel, sagt R. Jose: Alles, was den dem Menschen dienenden Geräten sowohl während des Gebrauches derselben dient, als auch während sie nicht gebraucht werden, ist verunreinigungsfähig; dient es ihnen aber nur, während sie gebraucht werden, so ist es rein.",
+ "Die Scheide des Schwertes, des Messers, des Dolches, das Futteral des Zwickmessers, der Scheere, des Scheermessers, das Futteral des Schminkstifts, die Schminkdose das Futteral des Schreibstils und das Futteral mit mehreren Fächern, das Futteral einer Tafel, die Lederdecke, der Köcher und das Behältnis für die Geschosse — diese sind verunreinigungsfähig; das Futteral der Doppelflöte ist, wenn man diese von oben hineinlegt, verunreinigungsfähig, wenn von der Seite, rein. Ein Futteral für Pfeifen erklärt R. Jehuda für rein, weil man sie von der Seite hineinlegt. Der Überzug des Spiesses, des Bogens, der Lanze ist rein. Dies ist die Regel: Was zum Behältnis gemacht ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig; was zum Überzug dient, ist rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Bei allen Geräten der Privatleute gilt als Mass der Granatapfel. R. Elieser sagt: Es kommt auf die Bestimmung der Geräte an: Bei den Körben der Gärtner (gilt als Mass) ein Kraut-Bündel; bei den der Hausherren Stroh; bei den der Bademeister Holzspäne. R. Josua sagt: Bei allen (gilt als Mass) der Granatapfel.",
+ "Beim Schlauche ein Knäuel Aufzuggarn. Wenn er diesen nicht hält, wohl aber einen Knäuel Einschlaggarn, ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Schalen-Behälter, der Schalen nicht hält, wohl aber Schüsseln, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Nachtgeschirr, das nicht Flüssiges, wohl aber den Unrat halten kann, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Rabban Gamliel erklärt es für rein, weil man es so nicht bestehen lässt.",
+ "Bei den Brotkörben (gilt als Mass) ein Laib Brot. Wenn man am Papyrus-Geräte Rohr von unten nach oben zur Befestigung angebracht hat, ist es rein. Hat man irgendwelche Handhaben daran gemacht, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. R. Simon sagt: Wenn es mit den Handhaben nicht weggetragen werden kann, ist es rein.",
+ "Unter Granatäpfeln, von denen man gesprochen hat, sind solche gemeint, deren drei mit einander verbunden sind. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Beim Sieb und Reuter genügt es, (dass der Granatapfel durchfällt), wenn man sie nimmt und damit hin und her geht; beim Korbe, wenn man ihn an den Rücken hängt. Bei allen anderen Geräten, die keine Granatäpfel aufnehmen können, z. B. beim Viertel, beim Halbviertel, bei den kleinen Körbchen, gilt als Mass deren grösster Teil. Dies die Worte R. Meïrs. R. Simon sagt: Eine Olive. Sind sie durchbrochen, so gilt als Mass eine Olive; ist ein Teil von ihnen abgeschnitten, so gelten sie als Geräte, wenn sie auch nur etwas halten können.",
+ "Unter dem Granatapfel, von dem sie gesprochen haben, ist nicht ein kleiner oder ein grosser, sondern ein mittlerer zu verstehen. Inwiefern aber sind die Granatäpfel von Baddan genannt worden ? Insofern, als diese das mit ihnen Vermengte in jedem Verhältnisse heiligen. Dies die Worte R. Meïrs. R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s, sagt: In der Hinsicht, dass sie als Mass für die Geräte gelten. R. Akiba sagt: In beiden Hinsichten sind sie genannt worden, dass sie als Mass der Geräte gelten und dass sie in jedem Verhältnisse heiligen. Es sagt R. Jose: Die Granatäpfel von Baddan und die Lauchgewächse von Geba sind bloss genannt worden, insofern sie an jedem Orte als gewiss (noch nicht verzehntet) verzehntet werden müssen.",
+ "Die Ei-Grösse, von der sie gesprochen haben, ist nicht nach einem grossen oder kleinen, sondern nach einem mittleren Ei zu bestimmen. R. Jehada sagt: Man bringt das allergrösste und das allerkleinste Ei, tut (beide) ins Wasser und teilt das (dadurch verdrängte) Wasser. Da sagte R. Jose: Wer tut mir denn kund, welches das grösste and welches das kleinste Ei sei ? Es mass daher alles nach dem Augenmasse bestimmt werden.",
+ "Das Mass „wie eine getrocknete Feige“, von dem sie gesprochen haben, ist nicht nach einer grossen oder kleinen, sondern nach einer mittleren Feige zu bestimmen. R. Jehuda sagt: Die grösste im Lande Israels ist gleich der mittleren in anderen Ländern.",
+ "Das Oliven-Mass, von dem sie gesprochen haben, wird nicht nach einer grossen oder kleinen, sondern nach der mittleren Art, das ist die Egori-Olive, bestimmt. Das Mass „wie ein Gerstenkorn“, von dem sie gesprochen haben, wird nicht nach einem grossen oder kleinen, sondern nach dem mittleren, das ist dem der Wüste, bestimmt. Die Linsen-Grösse, von der sie gesprochen haben, wird nicht nach einer grossen oder kleinen, sondern nach einer mittleren Linse bestimmt, das ist die ägyptische. Alles Bewegliche bringt die Unreinheit, (wenn es so breit ist), wie die Dicke eines Rinder-Steckens. Damit ist nicht ein grosser oder kleiner, sondern ein mittlerer gemeint. Was ist ein mittlerer? Derjenige, dessen Umfang eine Handbreite beträgt.",
+ "Unter der Elle, von der sie gesprochen haben, ist die mittlere Elle zu verstehen. Zwei Ellen waren in „Residenz-Schuschan“, eine im nordöstlichen und eine im südöstlichen Winkel; die im nordöstlichen Winkel war um eine halbe Fingerbreite grösser als die mosaische Elle, die im südöstlichen Winkel war grösser als jene um eine halbe Fingerbreite, sodass sie um eine Fingerbreite grösser als die mosaische war. Zu welchem Zwecke hat man eine grössere und eine kleinere Elle angeordnet? Bloss damit die Handwerker nach der kleineren Elle übernehmen und nach der grösseren wiedergeben, auf dass sie nicht zu einer Veruntreuung (des Heiligen) kommen.",
+ "R. Meïr sagt: Alle Ellenmasse waren nach der mittleren, ausgenommen die des goldenen Altars, der Hörner (des Altars), des Umgangs und des Grundes (des Altars). R. Jehuda sagt: Bei den Gebäuden (des Tempels) betrug die Elle sechs Handbreiten, bei den Geräten fünf Handbreiten.",
+ "Manches hat man nach kleinem Masse bestimmt: Die Masse für Flüssiges und Trockenes bestimmte man nach dem italischen, das ist dem Wüsten-Masse. Manches wieder bestimmte man nach dem, wie der Mensch gerade ist: Der die Handvoll vom Speiseopfer abhebt, der die beiden Hände voll Räucherwerk nimmt, der einen Mund voll am Versöhnungstag trinkt und das Mass der Speise für zwei Mahlzeiten zum Erub, und zwar nach seiner Kost am Wochentage und nicht nach der am Sabbat. So R. Meïr. R. Jehuda sagt: Wie (die Kost) am Sabbat, nicht wie die am Wochentage. Beide bezwecken (das Mass) zu erleichtern. R. Simon sagt: (Die 2 Mahlzeiten bestehen) aus zwei Dritteln eines Laibes, wovon drei auf einen Kab gehen. R. Jochanan, Sohn Beroka’s, sagt: Aus einem Laibe um einen Pondion, wenn man vier Seah (Weizen) für einen Sela bekommt.",
+ "Manches hat man nach grossem Masse bestimmt: Ein Löffel voll Verwestes, das ist nach dem grossen Löffel der Ärzte gemeint; die Bohnengraupen-Grösse bei den Aussatzschäden wird nach der kilikischen Bohnengraupe bestimmt; wer am Versöhnungstage isst, (ein Mass) wie eine grosse Dattel, und zwar wie sie und ihr Kern; bei Schläuchen zu Wein und Öl ist das Mass wie der grosse Knopf an denselben. Bei einer Lichtöffnung, dio nicht durch Menschenhände gemacht worden, ist das Mass wie eine grosse Faust; damit ist eine Faust, wie die des Ben Batiach gemeint. R. Jose sagte: Diese ist so gross wie ein grosser Menschenkopf. Bei einer durch Menschenhände gemachten Öffnung ist das Mass wie der grosse Bohrer der Tempelhalle, das ist wie ein italischer Pondion, oder wie ein Neronischer Sela, oder wie das Loch im Jochbalken.",
+ "Alle Geschöpfe im Meere sind rein, ausser dem Seehunde, weil er aufs Land sich flüchtet. Dies die Worte des R. Akiba. Wenn man Geräte macht aus dem, was im Meere wächst, und damit etwas, das auf dem Lande entsteht, verbindet, sei es auch nur ein Faden oder eine Schnur, wenn es etwas ist, das Unreinheit annimmt, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Manches von dem, was am ersten Tage erschaffen worden ist, kann unrein werden; von dem am zweiten Tage Erschaffenen kann nichts unrein werden; unter den Geschöpfen des dritten Tages gibt es Verunreinigungsfähiges; dagegen sind die Geschöpfe des vierten und fünften Tages nicht verunreinigungsfähig, ausgenommen das Gefieder des Os und das Straussei, das überzogen ist. Es sagt R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s: Warum soll das Gefieder des Os von allen anderen Federn unterschieden sein ? Alles, was am sechsten Tage erschaffen worden ist, kann unrein werden.",
+ "Wenn man ein Gerät mit Behältnis macht, wie immer es sein mag, ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man ein Lager oder einen Sitz, wie immer sie seien macht, sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man einen Beutel aus rohem Fell oder aus Papier macht, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Granatapfel, eine Eichel oder eine Nuss, welche Kinder, um Staub damit zu messen, ausgehöhlt oder zu Wagschalen zubereitet haben, sind verunreinigungsfähig; denn von Kindern ist nur die Tat von Bedeutung, aber nicht der blosse Gedanke.",
+ "Ein Wagebalken, ein Abstreicher, worin ein Behälter zum Metall ist, eine Tragstange, worin ein Behälter zum Gelde ist, ein Rohr des Bettlers, worin ein Behälter für Wasser ist, und ein Stock, worin ein Behälter für eine Mesusa und für Perlen ist, diese sind verunreinigungsfähig. Auf alle diese sagte Rabban Jochanan, Sohn Sakkai’s: Wehe mir, wenn ich davon spreche, und wehe mir, wenn ich davon nicht spreche !",
+ "Der Untersatz der Goldarbeiter ist verunreinigungsfähig, der der Schmiede ist rein. Ein Polierbrett, in dem sich ein Behälter für Öl befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ist kein solcher darin, ist er rein. Ein Schreibtafelheft, in dem sich ein Behälter für Wachs befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ist kein solcher darin, so ist es rein. Eine Strohmatte und einen hohlen Strohhalm erklärt R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig, R. Jochanan, Sohn Nuri’s, für rein. R. Simon sagt: Auch von Koloquinten gilt dasselbe. Eine Matte von Rohr oder Riedgras ist rein. Ein Schilfrohr, das man abgeschnitten hat, auf dass es etwas aufnehme, bleibt rein, bis man das ganze Mark herausgenommen hat."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Die Kiste wird nach Bet-Schammai von innen, nach Bet-Hillel von aussen gemessen. Beide stimmen darin überein, dass die Dicke der Füsse und der Leisten nicht mitgemessen wird. R. Jose sagt: Sie stimmen darin überein, dass die Dicke der Füsse und der Leisten mitgemessen wird, dass aber der Raum zwischen ihnen nicht mitgemessen wird. R. Simon Schesori sagt: Wenn die Füsse eine Handbreite hoch sind, wird der Raum zwischen ihnen nicht mitgemessen; wenn aber nicht, wird der Zwischenraum auch mitgemessen.",
+ "Die Maschine dazu gilt, wenn sie abzunehmen ist, nicht als damit verbunden, wird nicht mitgemessen, schützt nicht mit ihr im Totenzelte, und man darf sie nicht am Sabbat fortziehen, wenn Geld darin ist. Wenn sie aber nicht abzunehmen ist, so gilt sie als damit verbunden, wird mitgemessen, schützt mit ihr im Totenzelte, und man darf sie am Sabbat fortziehen, auch wenn Geld darin ist. Der gewölbte Aufsatz dazu gilt, wenn er (daran) befestigt ist, als damit verbunden und wird mitgemessen; ist er nicht (daran) befestigt, so gilt er nicht als damit verbunden und wird nicht mitgemessen. Wie misst man ihn ? Wie ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck. R. Jehuda sagt: Wenn sie für sich nicht stehen kann, ist sie rein.",
+ "Eine Kiste, ein Kasten oder Schrank, von denen einer ihrer Füsse weggenommen ist, sind, wenngleich sie etwas aufnehmen können, rein, weil sie nicht auf gewöhnliche Weise aufnehmen können. R. Jose erklärt sie für verunreinigungsfähig. Die Stangen des Bettes, der Bock und die Bedeckung sind rein. Verunreinigungsfähig sind bloss das Bett selbst und der Rahmen. Die Rahmen der Söhne Lewi’s aber sind rein.",
+ "Einen Bettrahmen, den man auf Säulen gelegt hat, erklären R. Meir und R. Jehuda für verunreinigungsfähig; R. Jose und R. Simon erklären ihn für rein. Es sagt R. Jose: Warum sollte dieser verschieden sein von den Rahmen der Söhne Lewi’s, die doch rein sind?",
+ "Wenn von einem durch Midras unrein gewordenen Bette eine Breitseite mit den beiden Füssen weggenommen sind, so bleibt es noch unrein; ist aber eine Längsseite mit den beiden Füssen weggenommen, so ist es rein. R. Nechemja erklärt es für verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man zwei der Bettsäulen an der einen Diagonale weggeschnitten hat, oder wenn man zwei Füsse an der einen Diagonale (eine Handbreite im Quadrat) abgeschnitten hat, oder wenn man es bis weniger als eine Handbreite erniedrigt hat, so ist es rein.",
+ "Wenn an einem durch Midras unrein gewordenen Bette eine Längsseite gebrochen ist und man sie wieder hergestellt hat, so bleibt es midras-unrein. Ist dann die zweite gebrochen und man hat sie wieder hergestellt, ist es von der Midras-Unreinheit rein, aber noch unrein als ein von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Hat er aber die erste nicht eher herzustellen vermocht, bis die zweite gebrochen war, so ist es rein.",
+ "Wenn ein durch Midras unrein gewordener Fuss an ein Bett befestigt wird, so ist das Ganze midras-unrein. Wird er wieder abgemacht, so ist er midras-unrein, das Bett aber gilt nur als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Hat er eine siebentägige Unreinheit bekommen und man befestigt ihn an ein Bett, so ist das Ganze siebentägig unrein. Macht man ihn wieder ab, so ist er siebentägig unrein, das Bett aber ist nur bis zum Abend unrein. Hat man einen bis zum Abend unrein gewordenen Fuss an ein Bett befestigt, so ist das Ganze bis zum Abend unrein. Hat man ihn wieder abgemacht, so ist er bis zum Abend unrein, und das Bett ist rein. Dasselbe gilt von den Zinken des Karstes.",
+ "Die Tefillah besteht aus vier Geräten. Löst man eine Abteilung ab und stellt sie wieder her, so behält sie noch die Toten-Unreinheit; ebenso bei der zweiten, ebenso bei der dritten. Löst man auch die vierte ab, so wird sie rein von der Toten-Unreinheit, ist aber noch unrein als etwas von der Toten-Unreinheit Berührtes. Wenn man nun abermals die erste ablöst und sie wieder herstellt, so ist sie als Berührtes unrein, ebenso bei der zweiten. Löst man aber auch die dritte ab, so ist alles rein; denn die vierte war nur durch Berührung unrein, und eine Berührungs-Unreinheit kann nicht wieder eine Berührungs-Unreinheit bewirken.",
+ "Ein Bett, von dem die Hälfte gestohlen oder verloren worden ist, oder das Brüder oder Gesellschafter unter sich geteilt haben, ist rein. Hat man es zusammengesetzt, so nimmt es von nun ab weiter Unreinheit an. Das Bett kann nur als Ganzes unrein und nur so wieder gereinigt werden. So R. Elieser. Die Weisen sagen: Es kann auch gliederweise unrein und auch gliederweise wieder gereinigt werden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man das Bett zerlegt, um es unterzutauchen, so ist der, welcher die Stricke berührt, rein. Von wann an gilt der Strick als mit dem Bette verbunden ? Sobald man drei Maschenreihen damit geflochten hat. Was vom Knoten an einwärts berührt, ist unrein, was vom Knoten an auswärts (berührt), ist rein. Was die Fäden des Knotens betrifft, so ist, was das zum Knoten Nötige berührt, unrein. Wie viel ist das Nötige? R. Jehuda sagt: Drei Fingerbreiten.",
+ "Der aus dem Bette herausragende Strick ist, wenn er bis fünf Handbreiten lang ist, rein; beträgt er von fünf bis zehn Handbreiten, so ist er unrein; was von zehn und darüber hinausragt, ist rein. Dieses Strickes bediente man sich nämlich, die Pesach-Lämmer anzubinden oder die Betten hinabzulassen.",
+ "Ein aus dem Bette herabhängender Gurt ist bei noch so viel unrein; so R. Meïr. R. Jose sagt: Nur bis zehn Handbreiten. Das Überbleibsel eines Bettgurtes ist verunreinigungsfähig, wenn es sieben Handbreiten lang ist; weil man daraus einen Gurt für den Esel machen kann.",
+ "Wenn der Flüssige auf dem Bette und dem Bettgurte getragen wird, so macht dieser in noch zwei Graden unrein und im dritten Grade unbrauchbar. Dies die Worte R. Meïrs. R. Jose sagt: Wenn der Flüssige auf dem Bette und dem Bettgurte getragen wird, so macht dieser bis zehn Handbreiten in zwei Graden unrein und im dritten Grade unbrauchbar, was über zehn Handbreiten hinausragt, macht nur in einem Grade unrein und im zweiten unbrauchbar. Wird er vom Bettgurte getragen auf den zehn Handbreiten neben dem Bette, so ist es unrein; wenn auf dem Teile, der über zehn Handbreiten vom Bette entfernt ist, so ist es rein.",
+ "Wenn man um ein Bett, das midras-unrein geworden war, einen Gurt gewickelt hat, so ist das Ganze midras-unrein. Nimmt man ihn wieder ab, so ist jenes midrasunrein, der Gurt aber gilt nur als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Hatte jenes eine siebentägige Unreinheit bekommen, und man umwickelte es mit einem Gurte, so ist das Ganze siebentägig unrein. Nimmt man ihn wieder ab, so ist jenes siebentägig unrein, der Gurt aber ist nur bis zum Abend unrein. Hat man ein bis zum Abend unrein gewordenes Bett mit einem Gurt umwickelt, so ist das Ganze bis zum Abend unrein. Nimmt man ihn wieder ab, so ist jenes bis zum Abend unrein, und der Gurt ist rein.",
+ "Wenn man ein Bett mit einem Gurte umwickelt hat, und sie werden von einem Toten berührt, so sind sie siebentägig unrein. Trennt man sie von einander, so bleiben sie noch siebentägig unrein. Berührt sie ein Kriechtier, so sind sie bis zum Abend unrein. Werden sie von einander getrennt, so bleiben sie noch bis zum Abend unrein. Wenn zwei Längsseiten eines Bettes abgenommen sind, und man dafür neue gemacht hat, ohne die Löcher zu ändern, und die neuen Bretter zerbrechen, so bleibt das Bett unrein. Zerbrechen die alten, so ist es rein, denn alles richtet sich nach den alten.",
+ "Ein Kasten, dessen Öffnung oben ist, kann durch Toten-Unreinheit verunreinigt werden. Ist er oben schadhalt geworden, bleibt er noch so verunreinigungsfähig. Wird er unten beschädigt, so ist er rein. Die Fächer-Behältnisse desselben sind aber unrein und gelten nicht als mit demselben verbunden.",
+ "Wenn die Hirtentasche beschädigt ist, so bleibt der Beutel darin unrein und gilt nicht als mit jener verbunden. Wenn in einem Schlauche, dessen Hodenhäute mit ihm aufnehmen können, diese beschädigt sind, so sind sie rein, weil sie nicht mehr wie gewöhnlich aufnehmen können.",
+ "Ein Kasten, dessen Öffnung an der Seite ist, kann durch Midras und durch Toten-Unreinheit verunreinigt werden. Es sagt R. Jose: Wann gilt jenes? Wenn er nicht zehn Handbreiten hoch ist oder keinen Leisten von einer Handbreite hat. Ist er oben beschädigt, so kann er noch die Toten-Unreinheit annehmen. Ist er unten beschädigt, so erklärt ihn R. Meïr für verunreinigungsfähig. Die Weisen erklären ihn für rein; denn da dessen Hauptbestimmung zerstört ist, gilt auch der Nebengebrauch als aufgehoben.",
+ "Wenn ein Mistkorb so zerstört ist, dass er keine Granatäpfel mehr fasst, so erklärt ihn R. Meïr noch für verunreinigungsfähig, die Weisen aber für rein; denn da die Hauptbestimmung zerstört ist, gilt auch der Nebengebrauch als aufgehoben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Die Decken und die Kissen, die Säcke und die Beutel, welche beschädigt sind, können durch Midras unrein werden. Der Fattersack, der vier Kab fasst, die Hirtentasche, die fünf Kab, der Reisesack, der ein Seah and der Schlauch, der sieben Kab hält, nach R. Jehuda, auch der Gewürzbeutel und die Reisetasche, wie klein sie auch sind — diese sind durch Midras verunreinigungsfähig. Alle diese aber sind, wenn sie schadhaft geworden, rein; denn da die Hauptbestimmung zerstört ist, gilt auch der Nebengebrauch als aufgehoben.",
+ "Die Sackpfeife ist betreffs des Midras rein. Eine Mörtel- Mulde kann nach Bet-Schammai die Midras-Unreinheit, nach Bet-Hillel nur die Toten-Unreinheit annehmen. Eine Mulde von zwei Log bis neun Kab Inhalt, die gespalten ist, kann durch Midras unrein werden. Stellt man sie in den Regen und sie schwillt an, so kann sie nur Toten-Unreinheit annehmen. Stellt man sie wieder unter Ostwind und sie wird wieder gespalten, so nimmt sie wieder Midras-Unreinheit an. In dieser Hinsicht ist ein Überbleibsel von hölzernen Geräten strenger als diese am Anfang sind. Ebenso ist ein Überbleibsel von Geräten aus Gerten strenger als diese am Anfang sind; denn am Anfang nehmen diese nicht eher Unreinheit an, bis deren Verschluss gemacht ist; ist aber einmal deren Verschluss gemacht, dann sind sie, wenn auch die Ränder abgefallen sind und noch so wenig zurückgeblieben, verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Wenn man einen Stock als Stil zu einer Axt genommen hat, so gilt er als damit verbunden betreffs der Unreinheit während der Arbeit. Die Haspel gilt als verbunden betreffs der Unreinheit während der Arbeit. Hat man dieselbe an eine Stange befestigt, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig, diese bildet aber mit ihr keine Verbindung. Hat man an diese eine Haspel gemacht, so ist davon nur so viel verunreinigungsfähig, als dazu gebraucht wird. Wenn man einen Stuhl an eine Stange befestigt, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig sie bildet aber mit ihm keine Verbindung. Macht man einen Stuhl aus derselben so ist nur dessen Platz verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man den Stuhl an den Balken der Ölpresse befestigt, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig, bildet aber keine Verbindung mit ihm. Macht man aus dessen Ende einen Stuhl, so ist er rein; denn man sagt zu dem darauf Sitzenden: Stehe auf, damit wir unsere Arbeit verrichten können.",
+ "Wenn man eine grosse Mulde, die derart beschädigt ist, dass sie nicht mehr Granatäpfel halten kann, zum Sitzen eingerichtet hat, so erklärt sie R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären sie für rein, bis er sie zugeschnitten hat. Hat man daraus eine Krippe für das Vieh gemacht, so ist sie, obgleich man sie an die Wand befestigt hat, verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Wenn man einen Block in eine Steinreihe der Mauer eingesetzt und man ihn befestigt, aber noch nicht darüber gebaut, oder darüber gebaut und ihn nicht befestigt hat, so ist er noch verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man ihn aber befestigt und darüber gebaut, so ist er rein. Wenn man eine Matte über die Dachbalken gelegt und sie befestigt, aber keinen Estrich darüber gelegt, oder den Estrich darüber gelegt und sie nicht befestigt hat, so ist sie noch verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man sie aber befestigt und den Estrich darüber gelegt, so ist sie rein. Eine Schüssel, die man an eine Kiste, einen Kasten oder einen Schrank befestigt hat, ist, wenn sie so steht, wie sie gewöhnlich etwas aufnimmt, verunreinigungsfähig; wenn sie aber nicht so steht, wie sie gewöhnlich aufnimmt, ist sie rein,",
+ "Wenn man aus einem Leintuch, das midras-unrein werden könnte, einen Vorhang gemacht hat, so kann es nicht mehr durch Midras unrein werden, wohl aber durch Toten-Unreinheit. Wann wird es rein ? Bet-Schammai sagen: Sobald man es genäht hat. Bet-Hillel sagen: Sobald es angebunden wird. R. Akiba sagt: Sobald es befestigt wird.",
+ "Eine Matte, woran man Rohre der Länge nach gelegt hat, ist rein. Die Weisen sagen: Nur wenn man sie wie ein Chi(X) gelegt hat. Hat man sie der Breite nach gelegt und es ist zwischen einem Rohr und dem anderen kein Raum von vier Handbreiten, so ist sie rein. Wird sie in der Breite geteilt, so erklärt sie R. Jehuda für rein. Ebenso wenn man die Endknoten auflöst, ist sie rein. Wird sie in der Länge geteilt und es sind daran drei Endknoten von sechs Handbreiten übrig geblieben, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig, Von wann an nimmt eine Matte Unreinheit an? Sobald sie beschnitten worden ist; und das ist ihre Vollendung."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wer den obern Weberbaum, den untern Weberbaum, die Schäfte, den Kamm, den über Purpur gezogenen Faden, oder ein Fadenende, das man nicht wieder (in das Gewebe) bringen will, berührt, ist rein. Wer aber den eingeschlagenen Faden, die stehende Kette, den über Purpur gezogenen Doppelfaden, oder ein Fadenende, das man wieder (in das Gewebe) bringen will, berührt, ist unrein. Wer die Wolle an dem Spinnrocken, oder an der Spule berührt, ist rein. Wer den Kreisel berührt, solange er ihn nicht vom Faden entblösst hat, ist unrein; wenn aber, nachdem er ihn entblösst hat, so ist er rein.",
+ "Wer den Jochbalken, die Querstange, den Halsring, oder den Strick, selbst während der Arbeit, berührt, ist rein. Wer die Sterze, den Pflugbaum oder die Deichsel berührt, ist unrein. Wer den metallennen Ring, die Streichbretter oder die Pflugschar-Flügel berührt, ist unrein. R. Jehuda erklärt den die Streichbretter Berührenden für rein, denn sie dienen nur die Erde zu vermehren.",
+ "Wer den einen oder andern Griff der Säge berührt, ist unrein. Wer die Schnur oder das Seil, das Querholz oder die Spannhölzer, die Presse des Zimmermanns, oder den Bogen des Bohrers berührt, ist rein. R. Jehuda sagt: Auch wer den Rahmen der grossen Säge berührt, ist rein. Wer die Sehne oder den Bogen, selbst wenn er gespannt ist, berührt, ist rein. Eine Maulwurfsfalle ist rein.. R. Jehuda sagt: So lange sie ausgespannt ist, gelten die Teile als verbunden."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn ein Speisetisch oder ein Anrichtetisch beschädigt sind oder man sie mit Marmor belegt hat, doch noch Platz daran geblieben ist, um Becher darauf zu setzen, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jehuda sagt: Platz, um Stücke darauf zu legen.",
+ "Ein Tisch, dem ein Fuss weggenommen wird, ist rein; wird auch der zweite weggenommen, so ist er ebenfalls rein; wird auch der dritte weggenommen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig, wenn man darüber den Gedanken hegte (ihn als Platte zu gebrauchen ). R. Jose sagt: Es bedarf nicht dieses Gedankens. Dasselbe gilt vom Anrichtetisch.",
+ "Eine Bank, der einer ihrer Füsse entfernt wurde, ist rein; wird auch der zweite entfernt, so ist sie ebenfalls rein. Ist daran eine Handbreit Höhe, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig. Eine Fussbank, von der eines der Seitenbrettchen entfernt worden, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Dasselbe gilt von dem Schemel vor dem Lehnsessel.",
+ "Einen Braut-Sessel, dessen Sitz weggenommen ist, erklären Bet-Schammai für verunreinigungsfähig; Bet-Hillel aber erklären ihn für rein. Schammai sagt: Auch der Stuhlrahmen ist verunreinigungsfähig. Einen Stuhl, den man in einen Backtrog eingesetzt hat, erklären Bet-Schammai für verunreinigungsfähig, Bet-Hillel aber erklären ihn für rein. Schammai sagt: Auch der am Backtrog selbst angebrachte (Stuhl ist verunreinigungsfähig).",
+ "Ein Stuhl, dessen Sitzbrettchen nicht (von den Seiten) hervorragen, ist, wenn diese auch entfernt werden, verunreinigungsfähig, weil man ihn gewöhnlich auf seine Seite legt und sich darauf setzt.",
+ "Ein Stuhl, dessen mittleres Sitzbrettchen weggenommen ist und die äusseren noch bestehen, ist verunreinigungsfähig; sind die äusseren weggenommen und das mittlere besteht, so ist er (ebenfalls) verunreinigungsfähig. R. Simon sagt: Nur wenn dieses eine Handbreite breit ist.",
+ "Einen Stuhl, wovon zwei nebeneinanderliegende Sitzbrettchen weggenommen sind, erklärt R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig, die Weisen aber erklären ihn für rein. Es sagt R. Jehuda: Auch ein Braut-Sessel, dessen Sitz weggenommen ist und an dem noch ein Behältnis verblieb, ist rein; denn da die Hauptbestimmung aufgehört hat, wird der Nebengebrauch nicht beachtet.",
+ "Eine Kiste, deren oberer Teil weggenommen worden, ist noch verunreinigungsfähig wegen des untern; ist der untere Teil weggenommen, so ist sie verunreinigungsfähig wegen des obern; ist der obere und untere Teil weggenommen, so erklärt sie R. Jehuda noch für verunreinigungsfähig wegen der Seitenbretter. Die Weisen aber erklären sie für rein. Der Sitz des Steinmetzen kann midras-unrein werden.",
+ "Wenn man einen Block rot oder gelb gefärbt oder glatt gehobelt hat. so erklärt R. Akiba ihn für verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären ihn für rein, es sei denn, dass man daran (einen Sitz) ausgehöhlt hat. Wenn man einen kleinen oder grossen Korb mit Stroh oder Wollflocken gefüllt und (dadurch) zum Sitze hergerichtet hat, sind sie noch rein. Hat man sie aber mit Binsen oder Schnüren überflochten, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Der Nachtstuhl ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras und durch Toten-Unreinheit. Wird er getrennt, so ist das Leder durch Midras und das Eisen durch Toten-Unreinheit verunreinigungsfähig. Ein dreifüssiger Stuhl mit lederner Bedeckung ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras und durch Toten-Unreinheit. Wird er getrennt, so ist das Leder durch Midras verunreinigungsfähig, der Stuhl aber ist ganz rein. Die Bank im Badehause, deren zwei Füsse von Holz sind, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Ist einer von Holz und einer von Stein, so ist sie rein. Die Bretter im Badehause, die man zusammengefügt hat, erklärt R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig, die Weisen aber erklären sie für rein, da sie nur dazu dienen, dass das Wasser darunter abfliesse. Ein Räuchergefäss, an welchem ein Behältnis für Kleider sich befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig; ist es aber wie ein Bienenkorb geformt, so ist es rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn ein Ball, ein Schuhleisten, ein Amulet oder Tefillin zerrissen worden sind, so wird der, welcher sie berührt, unrein; wer aber deren Inhalt berührt, bleibt rein. Wenn ein Sattel zerrissen wird, so wird auch der, welcher das Innere berührt, unrein, weil die Naht es verbindet.",
+ "Folgende Dinge können als Reitzeug unrein werden: der askalonische Gurt, der medische Mörser, der Tragsessel des Kamels und die Decke des Pferdes. R. Jose sagt: die Decke des Pferdes ist auch als Sitz verunreinigungsfähig, weil man auf dem Spielplatz darauf steht, aber der Sattel des weiblichen Kamels ist verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Was ist der Unterschied zwischen (der Unreinheit als) Reitzeug und (der als) Sitz? Beim Reitzeug ist die Berührung (in ihrer Wirkung) unterschieden vom Tragen, beim Sitz aber wird zwischen Berührung und Tragen nicht unterschieden. Der Saumsattel des Esels, worauf man sitzt, ist rein. Hat man daran die Löcher geändert, oder sie in einander eingebrochen, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Die Bahre, die Decke und das Kissen für den Toten sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras. Der Sessel einer Braut, der Gebärstuhl der Wöchnerin, der Sessel des Wäschers, auf welchem er die Kleider aufhäuft, sagt R. Jose, sind nicht als Sitz zu betrachten.",
+ "Das Fischnetz ist verunreinigungsfähig wegen des Beutels. Die Netze, die Garne, die Vogelfalle, die Schlinge, die Fangkästen der Schleusenbauer sind verunreinigungsfähig. Die Fischreuse, der Vogelkorb und der Käfig sind rein"
+ ],
+ [
+ "Dreierlei Schilde gibt es: Der gebogene Schild ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras, der, mit welchem man auf dem Spielplatz spielt, ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und der Schild der Araber ist ganz rein.",
+ "Es gibt dreierlei Wagen: Der wie ein Sessel geformt ist, ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; der wie ein Bett (geformt ist), ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit; der für Steine (gemacht ist), ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Backtröge gibt es: Ein Backtrog, der von zwei Log bis 9 Kab fasst, ist, wenn er gespalten ist, verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; ist er ganz, so kann er verunreinigt werden durch Toten-Unreinheit; und der das (grosse) Mass enthält, ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Kasten gibt es: Ein Kasten mit der Öffnung an der Seite ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; ist dieselbe oben, so ist er verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten - Unreinheit, und der das (grosse) Maas enthält, ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Felldecken gibt es: Das der Barbiere ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; das, worauf man isst, ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und das für Oliven ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Untersätze gibt es: Der vor dem Bette und vor den Schreibern ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; der des Anrichtetisches ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und der des Schrankes ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Schreibtafeln gibt es: Die Papyrus-Tafel ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; die, in der sich ein Behälter für Wachs befindet, ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und eine glatte ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Betten gibt es: Das, welches zum Lager gemacht ist, kann verunreinigt werden durch Midras; das der Glaser ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und das der Sattler ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Lastkörbe gibt es: Der zum Dünger ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; der zu Stroh ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten - Unreinheit, und der Strick-Korb der Kamele ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Matten gibt es: Die zum Sitzen gemachte ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; die der Färber ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten- Unreinheit, und die der Keltern ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Schläuche und dreierlei Hirtentaschen gibt es: Die das (bestimmte) Mass enthalten, sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; die nicht dieses Mass enthalten, sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und die aus Fischhaut sind ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Felle gibt es: Das zum Ausbreiten gemachte ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; das, welches zum Einwickeln von Geräten dient, ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und das zu Riemen und Sandalen zu verwendende ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Leintücher gibt es: Das zur Unterlage gemachte ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; das als Vorhang dienende ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und das, worauf Figuren gezeichnet sind, ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Tücher gibt es: Das (gewöhnliche) Handtuch ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; das zu Büchern dienende ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, das zum Einwickeln und das zu den Harfen der Söhne Lewi’s gebrauchte ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Lederhandschuhe gibt es: Die der Wild- und Vogel-Fänger sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; Die der Heuschrecken - Fänger sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und die der Sommerfrucht-Trockner sind ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Kopfnetze gibt es: das einer jungen Frau ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras; das einer alten ist verunreinigungsfähig durch Toten-Unreinheit, und das einer Dirne ist ganz rein.",
+ "Dreierlei Vorratskörbe gibt es: Wenn man einen abgenutzten einem noch starken (Korbe) als Fleck aufgesetzt hat, so richtet man sich nach dem starken; hat man einen kleinen einem grossen aufgesetzt, so richtet man sich nach dem grossen; waren beide gleich, so richtet man sich nach dem innern. R. Simon sagt: Wenn man eine Wagschale auf den Boden eines Wärmekessels inwendig aufgesetzt hat, so wird dieser unrein; hat man sie von aussen angeheftet, so bleibt er rein; hat man sie an dessen Seite angeheftet, einerlei ob von innen oder von aussen, so bleibt er rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Bei allen Geräten ist die Rückseite von der Innenseite zu unterscheiden, so bei den Decken, Kissen, Säcken and Beuteln; dies sind die Worte des R. Jehuda. R. Meïr sagt: Bei allen, die Schleifen haben, ist die Rückseite von der Innenseite zu unterscheiden; bei allen aber, die keine Schleifen haben, ist die Rückseite, nicht von der innern Seite zu unterscheiden. Beim Tisch und Anrichtetisch ist die Rückseite von der innern Seite zu unterscheiden, dies die Worte des R. Jehuda; R. Meïr sagt: Die Rückseite ist hier nicht besonders zu beurteilen. Dasselbe gilt von einer Platte, die keinen Rand hat.",
+ "Am Rinderstecken ist die Rückseite von der innern Seite zu unterscheiden, und zwar (gehört zu ersterer) sieben Handbreiten neben der Schaufel und vier Handbreiten neben dem Stachel; dies die Worte des R. Jehuda; R. Meïr sagt: Man unterscheidet bei diesen nicht (eine Rückseite und innere Seite), die Masse von vier und sieben Handbreiten sind nur betreffs der Überbleibsel erwähnt worden.",
+ "Die Masse zu Wein und Öl, der Schaumschöpfer, die Senfseihe und der Weindurchschlag haben eine Rückseite und eine Innenseite; so R. Meïr; R. Jehuda sagt: Sie haben keine. R. Simon sagt: Sie haben dieselben insofern, dass, wenn die Rückseite verunreinigt wird, was im Innern ist, rein bleibt; jedoch muss man (das ganze Gerät) untertauchen.",
+ "Beim Viertel und Halbviertel ist, wenn das Viertel verunreinigt worden, das Halbviertel nicht unrein; ist das Halbviertel unrein geworden, so ist das Viertel nicht unrein. Man sagte hierauf vor R. Akiba: Da doch das Halbviertel die Rückseite des Viertels ist, sollte denn bei einem Geräte, dessen Innenseite unrein geworden, nicht auch die Rückseite unrein sein! Darauf erwiderte er: Muss man denn gerade dies vorausgehen lassen ? Oder (man kann auch sagen): Es ist das Viertel die Rückseite des Halbviertels, und bei einem Geräte, dessen Rückseite verunreinigt worden, ist die Innenseite nicht unrein.",
+ "Ist das Viertel verunreinigt worden, so ist das Viertel samt dessen Rückseite unrein, das Halbviertel aber samt dessen Rückseite ist rein. Ist das Halbviertel unrein geworden, so ist das Halbviertel samt dessen Rückseite unrein, das Viertel aber samt dessen Rückseite ist rein. Ist die Rückseite des Viertels unrein geworden, so ist die Rückseite des Halbviertels rein; dies die Worte R. Meïrs. Die Weisen aber sagen: Man kann die Rückseite nicht als geteilt betrachten. Wenn man es untertaucht, muss man das Ganze untertauchen.",
+ "Wenn auf die Gestelle der Gefässe, ihre Ränder, ihre Henkel oder auf die Griffe der Gefässe, welche zum Aufnehmen bestimmt sind, (unreine) Flüssigkeit gekommen ist, so trocknet man sie ab, und sie bleiben rein. Bei andern Geräten aber, (welche keine Granatäpfel halten können), bei denen man nicht die Rückseite von der Innenseite unterscheidet, ist wenn (unreine) Flüssigkeit auf einen Teil davon gekommen, das Ganze unrein. Von einem Gefässe, dessen Rückseite durch (unreine) Flüssigkeit unrein geworden, ist (nur) die Rückseite unrein, die Innenseite aber, der Rand, der Henkel und die Griffe bleiben rein. Ist die Innenseite verunreinigt worden, so ist das Ganze unrein.",
+ "Alle Geräte haben eine Rückseite und eine Innenseite; sie haben ferner einen Anfassungsort. R. Tarfon sagt: (dies gilt nur) für einen grossen hölzernen Backtrog. R. Akiba sagt: Für Becher. R. Meïr sagt: Für unreine und reine Hände. Es sagt R. Jose: Man hat es nur für reine Hände gesagt.",
+ "Wie ist dies zu verstehen? Sind die Hände rein und die Rückseite des Bechers unrein, und er ergreift denselben an seiner Anfassungsstelle, so hat man nicht zu besorgen, dass vielleicht seine Hände durch die Rückseite des Bechers unrein geworden seien. Trinkt jemand aus einem Becher, dessen Rückseite unrein ist, so hat man nicht zu besorgen, dass vielleicht die Flüssigkeit in seinem Munde durch die Rückseite des Bechers unrein geworden ist und dann wieder den Becher (von innen) verunreinigt hat. Wenn ein Kessel siedet, hat man nicht zu besorgen, dass vielleicht Flüssigkeit von innen übergelaufen sei, die Rückseite berührt habe und dann wieder hineingekommen sei.",
+ "Bei heiligen Geräten unterscheidet man nicht die Rückseite von der Innenseite; ebenso nicht den Anfassungsort. Man darf nicht (zum Gebrauche) für Heiliges Geräte, die in einander gesetzt sind, zusammen untertauchen. Alle Geräte können durch Gedankenhegung Verunreinigungs - Fähigkeit erlangen; sie verlieren aber diese erst, wenn sie durch eine Tat verändert werden. Denn die Tat vermag sowohl die (frühere) Tat, als auch einen (gehegten) Gedanken aufzuheben; ein (gehegter) Gedanke aber kann weder eine Tat noch einen (früher gehegten) Gedanken aufheben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Eine amkische Sandale, ein Schnürbeutel, nach R. Jehuda auch ein Korb aus Palmfasern, nach R. Simon, Sohn Gamliëls, ist auch eine laodikäische Sandale jenen gleich, — diese werden verunreinigungsfähig und wieder rein ohne Zutat des Handwerkers. Es sagt R. Jose: Es werden ja alle Geräte verunreinigungsfähig und wieder rein ohne Zutat des Handwerkers; aber diese sind, auch wenn sie aufgelöst sind, verunreinigungsfähig, weil sie auch ein Privatmann wieder herstellen kann; man hat obiges nur von dem Palmfasern-Korb gesagt, den selbst der Handwerker nicht wieder herstellen kann.",
+ "Ein Schnürbeutel, dessen Schnüre weggenommen sind, ist noch verunreinigungsfähig. Wird er flach ausgebreitet, so ist er rein. Hatte man aber daran unten einen Fleck angenäht, so bleibt er noch verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn ein Beutel im andern steckt, so wird, wenn der eine durch Flüssigkeit unrein geworden, der andere nicht unrein. Das Perl - Bündel ist verunreinigungsfähig. Das Geld-Bündel erklärt R. Elieser für verunreinigungsfähig; die Weisen aber erklären es für rein.",
+ "Der Handschuh der Dornen-Leser ist rein. Der Gürtel und das Schurzleder sind verunreinigungsfähig; auch die Ärmelhalter sind verunreinigungsfähig; die Lederhandschuhe aber sind rein. Alle Finger - Handschuhe sind rein, ausser den der Sommerfrüchte-Trockener, weil er die roten Beeren aufnimmt. Ist er zerrissen, so ist er, wenn er nicht den grössten Teil der roten Beere aufnehmen kann, nicht verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Eine Sandale, an der eines seiner Ohren abgerissen werden ist und man es wieder angemacht hat, bleibt midras-unrein. Reisst dann das zweite auch ab und man macht es wieder an, so ist sie vom Midras rein, aber unrein als vom Midras Berührtes. Hat man aber das erste nicht eher angemacht, bis das zweite abgerissen ist, so ist sie rein. Ist das Fersenleder abgerissen, oder ist die Spitze weggenommen, oder ist sie entzwei gerissen, so ist sie rein. Eine Schnürsohle ist, wo immer etwas daran abgerissen ist, rein. Ein zerrissener Schuh ist, wenn er nicht den grössten Teil des Fusses umfasst, rein. Einen noch auf dem Leisten befindlichen Schuh erklärt R. Elieser für rein, die Weisen aber erklären ihn für verunreinigungsfähig. Alle Schläuche, die zugebunden worden, sind rein, ausser den der Araber. R. Meïr sagt: lst der Verband nur ein zeitweiliger, so sind sie rein; ist er aber ein dauerhafter, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jose sagt: Alle zugebundenen Schläuche sind rein.",
+ "Folgende Fell-Sachen sind fähig midras-unrein zu werden: Ein Fell, welches man auszubreiten gedenkt, das Gerber-Schurzfell, das Fell zur Bett-Unterlage, das Fell des Eseltreibers, das Fell des Flachs-Arbeiters, das Fell des Lastträgers, das Fell des Arztes, das Fell einer Wiege, das dem Kinde über das Herz gelegte Fell, das Fell der Unterdecke, das Fell des Kissens —diese können midrasunrein werden. Das Fell für gekämmte Wolle und das Fell der Wollkämmer können nach R. Elieser durch Midras unrein werden, nach den Weisen aber nur durch Toten-Unreinheit.",
+ "Ein Felleisen für Kleider und eine Hülle für Kleider sind verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras. Ein Behälter für Purpurwolle und eine Hülle für Purpurwolle sind nach Bet-Schammai verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras, nach Bet-Hillel aber nur durch Toten-Unreinheit. Ein Fell, das man zum Überzug über Geräte gemacht hat, ist rein; wenn zu Gewichten, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. R. Jose erklärt im Namen seines Vaters auch dies für rein.",
+ "Alle Dinge, bei denen an der Arbeit nichts mangelt, macht schon der Gedanke verunreinigungsfähig; alle Dinge aber, bei denen an der Arbeit noch etwas mangelt, macht der Gedanke nicht verunreinigungsfähig, ausgenommen die Leder-Decke.",
+ "Die Felle des Hausvaters macht der Gedanke verunreinigungsfähig, die des Gerbers macht der Gedanke nicht verunreinigungsfähig. Die des Diebes macht der Gedanke verunreinigungsfähig, die des Räubers macht der Gedanke nicht verunreinigungsfähig. R. Simon sagt: Die Gesetzesbestimmung ist umgekehrt: Die des Räubers macht der Gedanke verunreinigungsfähig, die des Diebes macht der Gedanke nicht verunreinigungsfähig, weil diese der Eigentümer noch nicht aufgegeben hat.",
+ "Wenn ein Fell midrasunrein ist und man es im Gedanken zu Riemen und Sandalen bestimmt, so ist es, sobald man das Messer daran angesetzt hat, rein; dies die Worte des R. Jehuda. Die Weisen sagen: Erst wenn man es so vermindert hat, dass weniger als fünf Handbreiten davon übrig geblieben. R. Eleasar, Sohn R. Zadoks, sagt: Auch wenn man ein Handtuch aus einem solchen Felle macht, bleibt es unrein, macht man dies aber aus einem Kissen, so ist es rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Der Kleiderstoff kann verunreinigungsfähig sein wegen fünf Namen; der Sack wegen vier; das Fell wegen drei; das Holz wegen zwei, und ein irdenes Gefäss wegen eines. Ein irdenes Gefäss kann als Behältnis-Gerät unrein werden. Alle unter den irdenen Gefässen, die keinen innern Raum haben, haben auch keine Hinterseite. Beim Holz kommt noch hinzu, dass es auch als Sitz unrein werden kann. Ferner ist eine hölzerne Platte ohne Leisten verunreinigungsfähig, während eine solche irdene rein ist. Beim Fell kommt noch hinzu, dass es als Zelt unrein werden kann. Beim Sack kommt noch hinzu, dass es als Gewebtes verunreinigungsfähig ist. Beim Kleiderstoff kommt noch das hinzu, dass es schon bei drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat verunreinigungsfähig ist.",
+ "Der Kleiderstoff ist bei drei Handbreiten im Quadrat verunreinigungsfähig durch Midras, und schon bei drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat durch Toten - Unreinheit. Der Sack bei vier Handbreiten im Quadrat, das Fell bei fünf Handbreiten im Quadrat, eine Matte bei sechs Handbreiten — diese sind einander gleich, insofern sie sowohl durch Midras als durch Toten-Unreinheit verunreinigt werden können. R. Meïr sagt: Nur beim Sack-Überbleibsel ist das Mass vier Handbreiten, der ursprüngliche Sack aber wird erst, wenn er fertig ist, verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Macht man zwei Handbreiten vom Kleiderstoff und eine Handbreite vom Sack, oder drei Handbreiten vom Sack und eine vom Fell, oder vier vom Fell und eine vom Mattenstoff, so ist es rein. Macht man aber fünf vom Mattenstoff und eine vom Fell, oder vier vom Fell und eine vom Sack, oder drei vom Sack und eine vom Kleiderstoff, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Dies ist die Regel: Wenn man einen Stoff durch einen andern Stoff ergänzt, der schwerer ist als jener, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig; ist dieser aber leichter als jener, so ist es rein.",
+ "Wenn man von einem dieser Dinge eine Handbreite im Quadrat abschneidet, so ist dies verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn man von dem Boden eines Korbes eine Handbreite im Quadrat (abschneidet), ist dies ebenso verunreinigungsfähig; von den Seiten eines Korbes aber erklärt es R. Simon für rein. Die Weisen sagen: Wenn man wo immer eine Handbreite im Quadrat abschneidet, ist es verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Alte Flecke von einem Sieb oder einem Reuter, die man zum Sitzen zugerichtet hat, erklärt R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig; Die Weisen aber erklären sie für rein, es sei denn, dass man sie zugeschnitten hat. Ein Kinderstuhl, der Füsse hat, ist, selbst wenn seine Höhe keine Handbreite beträgt, verunreinigungsfähig. Ein Hemd eines Kindes, sagt R. Elieser, wenn es noch so klein ist (kann es unrein werden); die Weisen sagen: Nur wenn es das erforderliche Mass hat, und es wird doppelt gemessen.",
+ "Folgende Dinge werden doppelt gemessen: Socken, Kniehosen Beinkleider, Mütze und Gürtelbeutel. Ein am Rande angenähtes Stück wird, wenn es einfach ist, einfach, wenn es doppelt ist, doppelt gemessen.",
+ "Wenn man vom Kleiderstoff drei Handbreiten im Quadrat gewebt hat und er midras-unrein geworden ist, man hierauf den ganzen Stoff fertig gewebt und dann vom ersten Stück wieder einen Faden weggenommen hat, so ist er nicht mehr unrein als Midras, aber als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Hat man erst den Faden weggenommen und dann den ganzen Stoff fertig gewebt, so ist er (ebenfalls) unrein als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes.",
+ "Ebenso wenn man vom Kleiderstoff drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat gewebt hat und er durch eine Toten-Unreinheit verunreinigt worden ist, man hierauf den ganzen Stoff fertig gewebt und dann vom ersten Stück einen Faden weggenommen hat, so ist er nicht mehr toten-unrein, aber unrein als von der Toten-Unreinheit Berührtes. Hat man erst den Faden weggenommen und dann den ganzen Stoff fertig gewebt, so ist er rein, weil man gesagt hat: Ein Stück von drei Fingerbreiten, das vermindert worden, ist rein; dagegen ein Stück von drei Handbreiten, das vermindert worden ist, kann zwar nicht mehr midras-unrein werden, aber jede andere Unreinheit annehmen.",
+ "Wenn man aus einem Leintuch, das midras-unrein ist, einen Vorhang gemacht hat, so ist dieser nicht mehr midras-unrein, aber unrein als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Da sagte R. Jose: Welche Midras-Unreinheit hat denn dieser berührt ? Vielmehr blos wenn ein Flüssiger es berührt hat, wird es durch diese Berührung unrein.",
+ "Wenn ein Stück von drei Handbreiten im Quadrat geteilt worden ist, so ist es nicht mehr midras-unrein, aber unrein als von der Midras-Unreinheit Berührtes. Da sagte R. Jose: Welche Midras-Unreinheit hat denn dies berührt ?! Vielmehr blos wenn ein Flüssiger dies berührt hat, wird es durch diese Berührung unrein.",
+ "Ein auf den Mist geworfenes Stück Zeug von drei Handbreiten im Quadrat (kann midrasunrein werden), wenn es noch unversehrt ist und man darin Salz einbinden kann. Liegt es aber im Hause, so braucht es nur entweder unversehrt oder zum Salz-Einbinden brauchbar zu sein. Wieviel Salz muss man einbinden können? Ein viertel Kab. R. Jehuda sagt: Feines Salz; Die Weisen sagen: Grobes Salz. Beide beabsichtigen zu erleichtern. R. Simon sagt: Ein Stück von drei Handbreiten, das man auf den Mist geworfen, ist (gesetzlich) gleich einem Stücke von drei Fingerbreiten, das sich im Hause befindet.",
+ "Wenn ein Stück Zeug von drei Handbreiten im Quadrat eingerissen ist, so ist es, falls jemand, der es auf einen Stuhl legte (und sich darauf setzte), mit dem Körper den Stuhl berühren würde, rein; wenn aber nicht, verunreinigungsfähig. Wenn an einem Stück von drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat ein Faden abgerieben ist oder sich daran ein Knoten befindet, oder zwei Fäden neben einander laufen, so ist es rein. Hat man ein Stück von drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat auf den Mist geworfen, so ist es rein. Nimmt man es wieder zurück, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Das Wegwerfen macht es immer rein, und das Wiederzurücknehmen verunreinigungsfähig. Ausgenommen sind Zeuge aus Purpur oder gutem Karmesin. R. Elieser sagt: Auch jedes neue Stück ist diesen gleich. R. Simon sagt: Alle werden rein. Jene sind nur (als von andern unterschieden) erwähnt hinsichtlich der Pflicht, Verlorenes wiederzugeben."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wenn man ein Stück von drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat in einen Ball tut, oder daraus selbst einen Ball-Überzug macht, ist es rein. Hat man aber ein Stück von drei Handbreiten im Quadrat in einen Ball getan, so bleibt es unrein. Hat man es dagegen selbst zu einem Ball-Überzug gemacht, so ist es rein, weil die Naht es verringert.",
+ "Wenn man ein Stück, das weniger als drei Handbreiten im Quadrat beträgt, zugerichtet hat, um damit ein Loch im Bade zu verstopfen, den Topf damit auszuleeren, oder die Mühle damit auszuwischen, es möge bereitet worden sein, oder nicht, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig. Dies die Worte R. Eliesers. R. Josua sagt: Es möge bereitet worden sein, oder nicht, ist es rein. R. Akiba sagt: Ist es bereitet worden, so ist es verunreinigungsfähig, wenn nicht, ist es rein.",
+ "Wenn man auf Kleiderzeug oder auf Leder ein Pflaster gestrichen hat, ist es rein. (R. Jose sagt: Nur wenn auf Leder, ist es rein). Macht man einen Umschlag auf Kleiderzeug, so ist es rein; wenn auf Leder, so bleibt es verunreinigungsfähig. R. Simon, Sohn Gamliels, sagt: Auch wenn auf Kleiderzeug, bleibt es verunreinigungsfähig, weil es wieder abgeschüttelt werden kann.",
+ "Die Tücher zu Büchern sind, mögen sie figuriert sein, oder nicht, nach der Ansicht von Bet-Schammai verunreinigungsfähig. Bet-Hillel aber sagen: Die figurierten sind rein, die nichtfigurierten sind verunreinigungsfähig. Rabban Gamliel sagt: Beiderlei sind rein.",
+ "Wenn man ein Kopftuch, das midras-unrein geworden, um ein Buch gewickelt hat, so wird es vom Midras rein, kann aber noch Toten-Unreinheit annehmen. Ein Schlauch den man zur Bodendecke, oder eine Bodendecke, die man zum Schlauch gemacht hat, ist rein. Macht man einen Schlauch zur Hirtentasche, oder eine Hirtentasche zum Schlauche; eine Unterdecke zu einem Tuche, oder ein Tuch zu einer Unterdecke; einen Kissen-Überzug zu einem Einwickeltuch, oder ein Einwickeltuch zu einem Kissen-Überzug, so bleibt es verunreinigungsfähig. Dies ist die Regel: Alles, was man zu (einem Geräte mit) ein und demselben Namen verändert, bleibt unrein; verändert man es aber zu (einem Geräte mit) anderem Namen, so wird es rein.",
+ "Wenn man einen Fleck auf einen Korb geflickt hat, so kann dies in einem Grade unrein und im zweiten unbrauchbar machen. Hat er ihn wieder vom Korbe abgenommen, so kann der Korb in einem Grade unrein und im zweiten unbrauchbar machen, und der Fleck ist rein. Hat er ihn auf Kleiderstoff geflickt, so kann dies in noch zwei Graden unrein und im dritten unbrauchbar machen. Hat er ihn vom Kleiderstoff wieder abgenommen, so kann der Kleiderstoff in einem Grade unrein und im zweiten unbrauchbar machen, und der Fleck kann in zwei Graden unrein und im dritten unbrauchbar machen. Ebenso (verhält es sich) wenn man ihn auf Sack-Stoff oder auf Leder flickt; so R. Meïr. R. Simon erklärt diese für rein. R. Jose sagt: Auf Leder ist es rein, auf Sack-Stoff unrein, weil dies ein Gewebe ist.",
+ "Das Mass von drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat, das man festgesetzt hat, ist ohne den Saum gemeint; so R. Simon. Die Weisen aber sagen: Die drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat sind genau gemessen zu verstehen. Hat man einen Fleck auf ein Kleid an einer Seite angenäht, so ist dies keine Verbindung; wenn an zwei einander gegenüber liegenden Seiten, so ist es eine Verbindung. Hat er es wie ein Gamma gemacht, so erklärt es R. Akiba für unrein, die Weisen erklären es für rein. Es sagt R. Jehuda: Wobei sind diese Worte gesagt? Bei einem Mantel; bei einem Hemd aber ist es, wenn oben angenäht, eine Verbindung, wenn unten angenäht, keine Verbindung.",
+ "Kleider der Armen können, wenn auch kein einziges Stück daran drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat misst, midras-unrein werden. Wenn man einen Mantel angefangen hat zu zerreissen, so gelten die Teile, sobald sie zum grössten Teil voneinander gerissen sind, nicht als verbunden. Bei den sehr dicken und sehr dünnen Stoffen gilt nicht die Massbestimmung von drei Fingerbreiten im Quadrat.",
+ "Das Kissen der Lastträger kann durch Midras-unrein werden. Ein Weindurchschlag kann nicht als Sitz unrein werden. Das Kopfnetz einer alten Frau kann als Sitz unrein werden. Das Hemd einer Buhldirne, das wie ein Netz gewebt ist, ist rein. Wenn man ein Kleid aus einem Fischnetze macht, so ist es rein, wenn aus dessen Beutel, ist es verunreinigungsfähig. R. Elieser, Sohn Jakobs, sagt: Auch wenn man ein Kleid aus dem Fischnetze macht und es doppelt nimmt, ist es verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Wenn man ein Kopfnetz vom Rande angefangen, so bleibt es rein, bis man den Boden fertig gemacht hat. Hat man vom Boden angefangen, so bleibt es rein, bis man den Rand fertig gemacht hat. Das Stirnband daran ist für sich allein verunreinigungsfähig. Die Schnüre daran sind verunreinigungsfähig als Verbindung. Ein Kopfnetz, das zerrissen worden, ist, wenn es nicht den grössten Teil des Haares in sich halten kann, rein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Von den Fäden des Leintuchs, des Schweisstuchs, der Mütze, und der Filzkappe (ist das Mass) sechs Fingerbreiten; von den des Unterkleides zehn Fingerbreiten. Von den Fäden des Sagos, des Schleiers, des Hemdes und des Mantels drei Fingerbreiten. Die Fäden des Kopftuchs einer alten Frau, der Gesichtsdecke der Araber, des Kilikion, des Geldgürtels, des Turbans und des Vorhangs, deren Fäden auch noch so lang sie sind.",
+ "Drei wollene Kissen, sechs leinene Kissen, drei Leintücher, zwölf Handtücher, zwei Überärmel, ein Hemd, ein Mantel, eine Winterdecke bilden je eine Verbindung betreffs der Verunreinigung und der Besprengung; mehr als diese Zahl von jedem bildet eine Verbindung in Bezug auf die Verunreinigung, aber nicht betreffs der Besprengung. R. Jose sagt: Auch nicht betreffs der Verunreinigung.",
+ "Bei der (gewöhnlichen) Senkblei-Schnur, ist das Mass zwölf Handbreiten; bei der der Zimmerleute achtzehn; bei der der Baumeister fünfzig Ellen. Was darüber ist, ist, selbst wenn man es daran lassen will, rein. Die Schnur der Tüncher und der Stuck-Arbeiter kann so lang wie immer sein.",
+ "Bei der Schnur an der Wage der Goldarbeiter und derjenigen, die feinen Purpur wägen, (ist das Mass) drei Fingerbreiten. Vom hinten hinausragenden Stiele einer Axt (ist das Mass) drei Fingerbreiten. R. Jose sagt: Wenn er eine Handbreite hinausragt, ist er rein.",
+ "Bei der Schnur an der Krämer- oder Hauswage (ist das Mass) eine Handbreite. Bei dem Stiele der Axt nach vorn (ist das Mass) eine Handbreite. Das Überbleibsel des Schenkels eines Zirkels ist eine Handbreite; beim Stiel eines Meissels der Steinschneider (ist das Mass) eine Handbreite.",
+ "Bei der Schnur der Wage der Wollhändler und der Glas-Wäger (ist das Mass) zwei Handbreiten. Der Griff des Mühlstein-Meisseis zwei Handbreiten. Der Stiel der Streitaxt der Legionen zwei Handbreiten. Der Griff des Hammers der Goldschläger zwei Handbreiten, der des Hammers der Eisenschmiede drei Handbreiten.",
+ "Beim Überbleibsel des Rinderstachels oben (ist das Mass) vier Handbreiten. Beim Stiel eines Spatens (ist das Mass) vier Handbreiten; beim Stiel einer Jäthacke fünf; beim Stiel eines kleinen Hammers, bei dem eines grossen Hammers sechs; beim Stiel einer Holz- oder Erdhacke sechs; und beim Stiel des Hammers der Steinhauer sechs.",
+ "Beim Überbleibsel der Schaufel (am Rinderstecken ) unten (ist das Mass) sieben Handbreiten. Beim Stiel einer Kohlenschaufel der Hausväter, sagen Bet-Schammai: (Das Mass ist) sieben Handbreiten; Bet-Hillel sagen: Acht. Beim Stiele der Schaufel der Tüncher, sagen Bet-Schammai: Neun; Bet-Hillel sagen: Zehn. Was darüber ist, kann nur, wenn man es daran lassen will, mit unrein werden. Der Stiel der Geräte, deren man sich am Feuer bedient, mag so lang wie immer sein."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Von gläsernen Geräten sind die flachen rein, aber die mit einem Behälter versehenen verunreinigungsfähig. Zerbrechen sie, so werden sie rein. Macht man wieder Geräte aus denselben, so nehmen sie von nun ab und weiter Unreinheit an. Die Platte und der flache Teller aus Glas sind rein. Sind sie mit einem Leisten versehen, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man den Boden der gläsernen Schüssel oder des gläsernen Tellers zum Gebrauche bestimmt, so bleiben sie noch rein. Hat man sie aber abgerieben oder mit einer Feile glatt gefeilt, so sind sie verunreinigungsfähig.",
+ "Ein Spiegel ist rein. Eine grosse Schüssel, die man zu einem Spiegel gemacht hat, ist verunreinigungsfähig. Hat man sie aber gleich Anfangs zu einem Spiegel gemacht, so ist sie rein. Ein Löffel, der, wenn man ihn auf den Tisch legt, etwas halten kann, ist verunreinigungsfähig; wo aber nicht, so erklärt ihr R. Akiba für verunreinigungsfähig; R. Johanan, Sohn Nuris, aber erklärt ihn für rein.",
+ "Ein Becher, dessen grösster Teil schadhaft geworden ist, bleibt rein. Sind daran drei schadhafte Stellen, die durch den grössten Teil desselben durchgehen, so ist er rein. R. Simon sagt: Wenn er den grössten Teil des (hineingeschütteten) Wassers ausfliessen lässt, ist er rein. Wenn er ein Loch bekommen hat und man hat es wieder verklebt, es sei mit Zinn oder Pech, so bleibt er rein. R. Jose sagt: Mit Zinn wird er verunreinigungsfähig; ist er mit Pech verklebt worden, so bleibt er rein.",
+ "Eine kleine Flasche, deren Hals weggenommen ist, bleibt verunreinigungsfähig; eine grosse Flasche aber, deren Hals weggenommen ist, bleibt rein. Eine Flasche zu wohlriechendem Öl, deren Hals weggenommen ist, bleibt rein, da sie die Hand aufritzen würde. Wenn von grossen Krügen der Hals weggenommen ist, so bleiben sie verunreinigungsfähig, weil man sie zu Einmachgefässen einrichtet. Der gläserne Mühlentrichter ist rein. Es sagt R. Jose: Heil dir Kelim, da du mit Unreinheit hereingekommen und mit Reinheit ausgegangen bist."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfb3acfe550820855e8a8fd9c39fa7729faa439a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "The fathers of impurity are a: sheretz, semen, [an Israelite] who has contracted corpse impurity, a metzora during the days of his counting, and the waters of purification whose quantity is less than the minimum needed for sprinkling. Behold, these convey impurity to people and vessels by contact and to earthenware by presence within their airspace, But they do not convey impurity by being carried.",
+ "Above them are nevelah and waters of purification whose quantity is sufficient to be sprinkled, for these convey impurity to a person [even] by being carried so that he in turn conveys impurity to clothing by contact. Clothing, however, is free from impurity where there was contact alone.",
+ "Above them is one who had intercourse with a menstruant, for he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. Above them is the issue of a zav, his spit, his semen and his urine, and the blood of a menstruant, for they convey impurity both by contact and by carrying. Above them is an object on which one can ride, for it conveys impurity even when it lies under a heavy stone. Above the object on which one can ride is that on which one can lie, for contact is the same as its carrying. Above the object on which one can lie is the zav, for a zav conveys impurity to the object on which he lies, while the object on which he lies cannot convey the same impurity to that upon which it lies.",
+ "Above the zav is the zavah, for she conveys impurity to the man who has intercourse with her. Above the zavah is the metzora, for he conveys impurity by entering into a house. Above the metzora is a [human] bone the size of a barley grain, for it conveys impurity for seven days. More strict than all these is a corpse, for it conveys impurity by ohel (tent) whereby all the others convey no impurity.",
+ "There are ten [grades of] impurity that emanate from a person:A person before the offering of his obligatory sacrifices is forbidden to eat holy things but permitted to eat terumah and [second] tithe. If he is a tevul yom he is forbidden to eat holy things and terumah but permitted to eat [second] tithe. If he emitted semen he is forbidden to eat any of the three. If he had intercourse with a menstruant he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. If he is a zav who has seen two discharges he conveys impurity to that on which he lies or sits and is required to undergo immersion in running water, but he is exempt from the sacrifice. If he saw three discharges he must bring the sacrifice. If he is a metzora that was only enclosed he conveys impurity by entry [into an ohel] but is exempt from loosening his hair, from rending his clothes, from shaving and from the birds offering. But if he was a confirmed metzora, he is liable for all these. If a limb on which there was not the proper quantity of flesh was severed from a person, it conveys impurity by contact and by carriage but not by ohel. But if it has the proper quantity of flesh it conveys impurity by contact, by carriage and by ohel. A \"proper quantity of flesh\" is such as is capable of healing. Rabbi Judah says: if in one place it has flesh sufficient to surround it with [the thickness of] a thread of the woof it is capable of healing.",
+ "There are ten grades of holiness: the land of Israel is holier than all other lands. And what is the nature of its holiness? That from it are brought the omer, the firstfruits and the two loaves, which cannot be brought from any of the other lands.",
+ "Cities that are walled are holier, for metzoras must be sent out of them and a corpse, though it may be carried about within them as long as it is desired, may not be brought back once it has been taken out.",
+ "The area within the wall [of Jerusalem] is holier, for it is there that lesser holy things and second tithe may be eaten. The Temple Mount is holier, for zavim, zavot, menstruants and women after childbirth may not enter it. The chel is holier, for neither non-Jews nor one who contracted corpse impurity may enter it. The court of women is holier, for a tevul yom may not enter it, though he is not obligated a hatat for doing so. The court of the Israelites is holier, for a man who has not yet offered his obligatory sacrifices may not enter it, and if he enters he is liable for a hatat. The court of the priests is holier, for Israelites may not enter it except when they are required to do so: for laying on of the hands, slaying or waving.",
+ "The area between the porch (ulam) and the altar is holier, for [priests] who have blemishes or unkempt hair may not enter it. The Hekhal is holier, for no one whose hands or feet are unwashed may enter it. The Holy of Holies is holier, for only the high priest, on Yom Kippur, at the time of the service, may enter it. Rabbi Yose said: in five respects the area between the porch and the altar is equal to the Hekhal, for those afflicted with blemishes or with a wild growth of hair, or who have drunk wine or whose hands or feet are unwashed may not enter there, and the people must keep away from the area between the porch and the altar when the incense is being burned."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Vessels of wood, vessels of leather, vessels of bone or vessels of glass: If they are simple they are clean If they form a receptacle they are unclean. If they were broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. Earthen vessels and vessels of sodium carbonate are equal in respect of impurity: they contract and convey impurity through their air-space; they convey impurity through the outside but they do not become impure through their backs; and when broken they become clean.",
+ "As regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of the larger but broken vessels] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold oil sufficient for the anointing of a little finger of a child [if their former capacity] was that of a log. If [their former capacity] was from one log to a se'ah [their present capacity] must be a quarter of a log. If it was from a se'ah to two se'ah it must be half a log. If from two se'ah to three se'ah or as much as five se'ah it must be a log, the words of Rabbi Ishmael. Rabbi Akiva says: I do not prescribe any size for the unbroken vessels, rather: as regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of larger but broken ones] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold enough oil to anoint the little finger of a child. [This size is prescribed for pots] that are not bigger than the small cooking-pots. For small cooking-pots and for those between these and the jars from Lydda the prescribed capacity is a quarter of a log. For those which have a size between that of Lydda jars and Bethlehem jars the capacity must be that of half a log. For those between Bethlehem jars and large stone jars the capacity must be that of a log. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai says: [the prescribed capacity for the fragments] of large stone jars is two logs, and that for the bottoms of broken Galilean flasks and small jars is any whatsoever, but the fragments of their sides are not susceptible to impurity",
+ "The following are not susceptible to impurity among earthen vessels: A tray without a rim, A broken incense-pan, A pierced pan for roasting corn, Gutters even if they are bent and even if they have some form of receptacle, A cooking vessel that was turned into a bread-basket cover, A bucket that was turned into a cover for grapes, A barrel used for swimmers, A small jar fixed to the sides of a ladle, A bed, a stool, a bench, a table, a ship, and an earthen lamp, behold these are no susceptible to impurity. The following is a general rule: any among earthen vessels that has no inner part is not susceptible to impurity on its outer sides.",
+ "A lantern that has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to impurity, but one that has none is not susceptible. A potter's mould on which one begins to shape the clay is not susceptible to impurity, but that on which one finishes it is susceptible. A funnel for home use is not susceptible to impurity, but that of merchants is susceptible because it also serves as a measure, the words of Rabbi Judah ben Batera. Rabbi Akiva says: because he puts it on its side to let the buyer smell it.",
+ "The covers of wine jars and oil jars and the covers of papyrus jars are not susceptible to impurity But if he adapted them for use as receptacles they are susceptible. The cover of a pot: When it has a hole or it has a point, it is not susceptible to impurity, But if it does not have a hole or a pointed top it is susceptible because she drains the vegetables into it. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says: because she turns out the contents [of the pot] on to it.",
+ "A damaged jar found in a furnace: Before its manufacture was complete it is not susceptible to impurity, But if after its manufacture was complete it is susceptible. A sprinkler: Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok holds it is not susceptible to impurity; But Rabbi Yose holds it to be susceptible because it lets the liquid out in drops only.",
+ "The following among earthen vessels are susceptible to impurity:A tray with a rim, An unbroken fire-pan, And a tray made up of dishes, If one of them was defiled by a [dead] creeping thing they do not all become unclean, But if it had a rim that projected above the rims of the dishes and one of them was defiled all are unclean. Similarly with an earthen spice-box and a double ink-pot. If one container was defiled from a liquid, the other is not unclean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: its thickness is divided and that side which serves the unclean one is unclean while that which serves the clean one remains clean. If its rim projects above the others and one of them contracted impurity the other is unclean.",
+ "A torch is susceptible to impurity. And the reservoir of a lamp contracts impurity through its air- space. The comb of a tzartzur: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is not susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is susceptible."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The size of a hole that renders an earthen vessel clean:If the vessel was made for food, the hole must be big enough for olives [to fall through]. If it was used for liquids it suffices for the hole to be big enough for liquids [to go through it]. And if it was used for both, we apply the greater stringency, that olives must be able to fall through.",
+ "A jar: the size of the hole must be such that a dried fig [will fall through], the words of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Judah said: walnuts. Rabbi Meir said: olives. A stew-pot or a cooking pot: such that olives [will fall through]. A bucket and a pitcher: such that oil [will fall through]. A tzartzur: such that water [will fall through]. Rabbi Shimon says: in the case of all three, [the hole] must be such that seedlings [will fall through]. A lamp: the size of the hole must be such that oil [will fall through]. Rabbi Eliezer says: such that a small perutah [will fall through]. A lamp whose nozzle has been removed is clean. And one made of earth whose nozzle has been burned by the wick is also clean.",
+ "A jar that had a hole and was mended with pitch and then was broken again: If the fragment that was mended with the pitch can hold a quarter of a log it is unclean, since the designation of a vessel has never ceased to be applied to it. A potsherd that had a hole and was mended with pitch, it is clean though it can contain a quarter of a log, because the designation of a vessel has ceased to be applied to it.",
+ "If a jar was about to be cracked but was strengthened with cattle dung, although the potsherds would fall apart were the dung to be removed, it is unclean, because the designation of vessel never ceased to apply. If it was broken and some of its pieces were stuck together again, or if he brought other pieces of clay from elsewhere, and it was also lined with cattle dung, even though the potsherds hold together when the dung is removed, it is clean, because the designation of vessel ceased to apply. If it contained one potsherd that could hold a quarter of a log, all its parts contract impurity by contact, but that potsherd contracts impurity through its air-space.",
+ "One who lines a sound vessel: Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon say: [the lining] contracts impurity. But the sages say: a lining over a sound vessel is not susceptible to impurity, and only one over a cracked vessel is susceptible. And the same dispute applies to the hoop of a pumpkin shell.",
+ "As to dog's tooth which which they line large jars: anything that touches it becomes unclean. The plug of a jar is not regarded as connected. That which touches the lining of an oven is unclean.",
+ "A cauldron which was lined with mortar or with potter's clay: That which touches the mortar is unclean; But that which touches the potter's clay is clean. A kettle which was punctured and the hole was stopped with pitch: Rabbi Yose rules that it is clean since it cannot hold hot water as cold. The same ruling he also gave concerning vessels made of pitch. Copper vessels which were lined with pitch the lining is clean, But if they are used for wine, it is unclean.",
+ "A jar which which was pierced and the hole stopped up with more pitch than was necessary: That which touches the needed portion is unclean, But that which touches the unneeded portion is clean. Pitch which dripped upon a jar, that which touches it is clean. A wooden or earthen funnel which was stopped up with pitch: Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says that it is unclean. Rabbi Akiva says that it is unclean when it is of wood and clean when it is of earthenware. Rabbi Yose says that both are clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A potsherd that cannot stand unsupported on account of its handle, or a potsherd whose bottom is pointed and that point causes it to overbalance, is clean. If the handle was removed or the point was broken off it is still clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean. If a jar was broken but is still capable of holding something in its sides, or if it was split into a kind of two troughs: Rabbi Judah says it is clean But the sages say it is unclean.",
+ "If a jar was cracked and cannot be moved with half a kav of dried figs in it, it is clean. If a damaged vessel (gistera) was cracked and it cannot hold any liquid, even though it can hold foodstuffs, it is clean, since remnants do not have remnants.",
+ "What is meant by a \"damaged vessel\" (gistera)? One whose handles were removed. If sharp ends projected from it: Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity through its air-space. If it was leaning on its side like a kind of cathedra, Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity to the vessel through its air-space. Bowls with Korfian [bottoms], and cups with Zidonian bottoms, although they cannot stand unsupported, are susceptible to impurity, because they were originally fashioned in this manner.",
+ "An earthenware vessel that has three rims: If the innermost one projects above the others, all outside it is not susceptible to impurity. If the outermost one projects above the others all within it is susceptible to impurity; And if the middle one projects above the others, that which is within it is susceptible to impurity, while that which is without it is not susceptible to impurity. If they were equal in height: Rabbi Judah says: the middle one is deemed to be divided. But the sages ruled: all are not susceptible to impurity. When do earthenware vessels become susceptible to impurity? As soon as they are baked in the furnace, that being the completion of their manufacture."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A baking oven originally must be no less than four handbreadths [high] and what is left of it four handbreadths, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: this applies only to a large oven but in the case of a small one it originally can be [any height] and what is left is the greater part of it. [Its susceptibility to impurity begins] as soon as its manufacture is completed. What is regarded as the completion of its manufacture? When it is heated to a degree that suffices for the baking of spongy cakes. Rabbi Judah says: when a new oven has been heated to a degree that sufficed for the baking of spongy cakes in an old one.",
+ "A double stove: its original height must be no less than three fingerbreadths and what is left of it three fingerbreadths. [Its susceptibility to impurity begins] as soon as its manufacture is completed. What is regarded as the completion of its manufacture? When it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of the lightest of eggs when scrambled and put in a saucepan. A single stove: if it was made for baking its prescribed size is the same as that for a baking-oven, and if it was made for cooking its prescribed size is the same as that for a double stove. A stone that projects one handbreadth from a baking-oven or three fingerbreadths from a double stove is considered a connection. One that projects from a single stove, if it was made for baking, the prescribed size is the same as that for a baking-oven, and if it was made for cooking the prescribed size is the same as that for a double stove. Rabbi Judah said: they spoke of a ‘handbreadth’ only where the projection was between the oven and a wall. If two ovens were adjacent to one another, they allot one handbreadth to this one and one to the other and the remainder is clean.",
+ "The crown of a double stove is clean. The fender around an oven: if it is four handbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space, but if it was lower it is clean. If it was joined to it, even if only by three stones, it is unclean. The place [on the stove] for the oil cruse, the spice-pot, and the lamp contract impurity by contact but not through their air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Ishmael rules that they are clean.",
+ "An oven that was heated from its outside, or one that was heated without the owner's knowledge, or one that was heated while still in the craftsman's house is susceptible to impurity. It once happened that a fire broke out among the ovens of Kefar Signah, and when the case was brought up at Yavneh Rabban Gamaliel ruled that they were unclean.",
+ "The additional piece of a householder's oven is clean, but that of bakers is unclean because he rests the roasting spit on it. Rabbi Yohanan Hasandlar said: because one bakes on it when pressed [for space]. Similarly the additional part of the boiler used by olive cookers is susceptible to impurity, but that of one used by dyers is not susceptible.",
+ "If an oven was half filled with earth, the part from the earth downwards contracts impurity by contact only while the part from the earth upwards contracts impurity [also] from its air- space. If he put the oven over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar and he put a stone at its side: Rabbi Judah says: if when heated below it becomes also heated above it is susceptible to impurity. But the sages say: since it was heated, no matter how, it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "If an oven contracted impurity how is it to be cleansed? He must divide into three parts and scrape off the plastering so that [the oven] touches the ground. Rabbi Meir says: he does not need to scrape off the plastering nor is it necessary for [the oven] to touch the ground. Rather he reduces it within to a height of less than four handbreadths. Rabbi Shimon says: he must move it [from its position]. If it was divided into two parts, one large and the other small, the larger remains unclean and the smaller becomes clean. If it was divided into three parts one of which was as big as the other two together, the big one remains unclean and the two small ones become clean.",
+ "If an oven was cut up by its width into rings that are each less than four handbreadths in height, it is clean. If he subsequently plastered it over with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the baking of spongy cakes. If he distanced the plastering, and sand or gravel was put between it and the oven sides of such an oven it has been said, \"A menstruant as well as a clean woman may bake in it and it remains clean.\"",
+ "An oven which came cut up in sections from the craftsman's house and he made for it hoops and put them on it, it is clean. If it contracts impurity, and then he removed its hoops it is clean. If he put them back on, it is still clean. If he plastered it with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity and there is no need to heat it since it was once heated.",
+ "If he cut the oven up into rings, and then he put sand between each pair of rings, Rabbi Eliezer says: it is clean. But the sages say: it is unclean. This is the oven of Akhnai. As regards Arabian vats, which are holes dug in the ground and plastered with clay, if the plastering can stand of itself it is susceptible to impurity; Otherwise it is not susceptible. This is the oven of Ben Dinai.",
+ "An oven of stone or of metal is clean, But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it, or if it was damaged or cracked, and he lined it with plaster or with a rim of clay, it is unclean. What must be the size of the hole [for it to be pure]? It must be big enough for the flame to come through. The same applies also to a stove. A stove of stone or of metal is clean. But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it or if it was damaged or cracked but was provided with props it is unclean. If it was lined with clay, whether inside or outside, it remains clean. Rabbi Judah says: if [the lining was] inside it is unclean but if outside it remains clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If he put three props into the ground and joined them [to the ground] with clay so that a pot could be set on them, [the structure] is susceptible to impurity. If he set three nails in the ground so that a pot could be set on them, even though a place was made on the top for the pot to rest, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity. One who made a stove of two stones, joining them [to the ground] with clay: It is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says that it is not susceptible to impurity, unless a third stone is added or [the structure] is placed near a wall. If one stone was joined with clay and the other was not joined with clay, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A stone on which he placed a pot, [on it] and on an oven, or on it and a double stove, or on it and on a stove, is susceptible to impurity. [If he set the pot] on it and on another stone, on it and on a rock, or on it and on a wall, it is not susceptible to impurity. And such was the stove of the Nazirites in Jerusalem which was set up against a rock. As regards the stove of the butchers, where the stones are placed side by side, if one of the stoves contracted impurity, the others do not become unclean.",
+ "If one made two stoves of three stones and one of the outer ones was defiled the half of the middle one that serves the unclean one is unclean but the half of it that serves the clean one remains clean. If the clean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the unclean one. If the unclean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the clean one. Should the two outer ones become defiled, if the middle stone was large, each outer stone is allowed such a part of it as suffices for the support of a pot and the remainder is clean. But if it was small all of it is unclean. Should the middle stone be removed, if a big kettle can be set on the two outer stones they are unclean. If the middle stone is returned they all become clean again. If it was plastered with clay it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of an egg.",
+ "If two stones were made into a stove and they became defiled, and a stone was set up near the outer side of the one and another stone near the outer side of the other, [the inner half] of each [inner stones] remains unclean while [the outer] half of each [of these stones] is clean. If the clean stones are removed the others revert to their impurity."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The fire-basket of a householder which was lessened by less than three handbreadths is susceptible to impurity because when it is heated from below a pot above would still boil. If [it was lessened] to a lower depth it is not susceptible to impurity. If subsequently a stone or gravel was put into it, it is still not susceptible to impurity. If it was plastered over with clay, it may contract impurity from that point and onwards. This was Rabbi Judah's reply in connection with the oven that was placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar.",
+ "A hob that has a receptacle for pots is clean as a stove but unclean as a receptacle. As to its sides, whatever touches them does not become unclean as if the hob had been a stove, But as regards its wide side: Rabbi Meir holds it to be clean But Rabbi Judah holds it to be unclean. The same law applies also where a basket was inverted and a stove was put upon it.",
+ "A double stove which was split into two parts along its length is clean. Through its breadth is unclean. A single stove which was split into two parts, by its length or by its width, it is not susceptible to impurity. As to the extension around a stove, whenever it is three fingerbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and also through its air-space, but if it is less it contracts impurity through contact and not through its air- space. How is the air-space determined? Rabbi Ishmael says: He puts a spit from above to below and opposite it contracts impurity through the air-space. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: if the stove contracted impurity the extension is also unclean, but if the fender contracts impurity the stove does not become unclean.",
+ "If it [the extension] was detached from the stove, whenever it was three fingerbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space, If it was lower or if it was smooth it is clean. If three props on a stove were three fingerbreadths high, they contract impurity by contact and through their air-space. If they were lower, all the more so they contract impurity, even where they were four in number.",
+ "If one of them [i.e. the props] was removed, the remaining ones contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If originally he made two props, one opposite the other, they contract impurity by contact and through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were more than three fingerbreadths high, the parts that are three fingerbreadths high and below contract impurity by contact and through air-space but the parts that are more than three fingerbreadths high contract impurity by contact and not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were withdrawn from the rim [of the stove], the parts which are within three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact and through air-space, and those parts that are removed more than three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean.",
+ "How do we measure them? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: he puts the measuring-rod between them, and any part that is outside the measuring-rod is clean while any part inside the measuring-rod, including the place of the measuring-rod itself, is unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An oven which they partitioned with boards or hangings, and in it was found a sheretz in one compartment, the entire oven is unclean. A hive which was broken and its gap was stopped up with straw and was suspended within the air-space of an oven while a sheretz was within it, the oven becomes unclean. If a sheretz was within the oven, any food within the hive becomes unclean. But Rabbi Eliezer says that it is clean. Rabbi Eliezer said: if it affords protection in the case of a corpse which is more consequential, should it not afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel which is less consequential? They said to him: if it affords protection in the case of corpse impurity, this is because tents are divided, should it also afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel which is not divided?",
+ "If the hive was complete, and so too in the case of a basket or a skin-bottle, and a sheretz was within it the oven remains clean. If the sheretz was in the oven, any food in the hive remain clean. If a hole was made in it: A vessel that is used for food must have a hole large enough for olives to fall through, If it is used for liquids the hole must be large enough for liquids to pass into it, And if it is used for either it is subjected to the greater restriction: the hole need only be large enough for liquids to pass into it.",
+ "Netting placed over the mouth of an oven and slightly sinking into it, and having no frame: If a sheretz was in it, the oven becomes unclean; If the sheretz was in the oven, the food in the netting becomes unclean, since only vessels afford protection against an impurity in an earthen vessel. A jar full of pure liquids placed beneath the bottom of an oven, and a sheretz in the oven – the jar and the liquids remain clean. If it was inverted, with its mouth projecting into the air-space of the oven, and a sheretz was in the oven, the liquid that clings to the sides of the jar remains clean.",
+ "A pot which was placed in an oven if a sheretz was in the oven, the pot remains clean since an earthen vessel does not impart impurity to vessels. If it contained dripping liquid, the latter contracts impurity and the pot also becomes unclean. It is as if this one says, \"That which made you unclean did not make me unclean, but you have made me unclean.\"",
+ "If a rooster that swallowed a sheretz fell within the air-space of an oven, the oven remains clean; If the rooster died, the oven becomes unclean. If a sheretz was found in an oven, any bread in it contracts second degree impurity since the oven is of the first degree.",
+ "A leavening pot with a tightly fitting lid which was put in an oven, and there was some leaven and a sheretz within the pot, but there was a partition (of inedible bread) between them, the oven is unclean but the leaven is clean. But if it was an olive's bulk of corpse, both the oven and the house are unclean, and the leaven remains clean. If in the partition there was an opening of one handbreadth, all become unclean.",
+ "A sheretz which was found in the eye-hole of an oven or of a double stove or of a single stove: If it was outside the inner edge, it is clean. If it [the oven] was in the open air, even if it was an olive's bulk of corpse it is clean. If there was [in the eye-hole] an opening of one handbreadth, it is all unclean.",
+ "If a sheretz was found in the [place in a stove] where wood is put: Rabbi Judah says: if it was within the outer edge, [the stove] becomes unclean. But the sages say: if it was outside the inner edge [the stove] remains clean. Rabbi Yose says: if it was found beneath the spot where the pot is placed and inwards, the stove becomes unclean, but if beneath the spot where the pot is set and outwards, it remains clean. If it was found on the place where the bath-keeper sits, or where the dyer sits, or where the olive-boilers sit, the stove remains clean. It only becomes unclean only [when the sheretz] is found in the enclosed part and inwards.",
+ "A pit which has a place on which a pot may be set is unclean. And so also an oven of glass-blowers, if it has a place on which a pot may be set, it is unclean. The furnace of lime-burners, or of glaziers, or of potters is clean. A purna: If it has a frame is unclean. Rabbi Judah says: if it has coverings [for compartments.] Rabban Gamaliel says: if it has edges.",
+ "If a person who came in contact with one who has contracted corpse impurity had (food liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was clean, they cause the oven to be unclean. If a person who was clean had food or liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was unclean, they become unclean. If a person was eating a pressed fig with impure hands and he put his hand into his mouth to remove a small stone: Rabbi Meir considers the fig to be unclean But Rabbi Judah says it as clean. Rabbi Yose says: if he turned it over [in his mouth] the fig is unclean but if he did not turn it over the fig is clean. If the person had a pondion in his mouth, Rabbi Yose says: if he kept it there to relieve his thirst it becomes unclean.",
+ "If milk [of an impure woman] dripped from a woman's breasts and fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven becomes unclean, since a liquid conveys impurity regardless of whether one wanted it there or not. If she was sweeping it out and a thorn pricked her and she bled, or if she burnt herself and put her finger into her mouth, the oven becomes unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a needle or a ring was found in the ground of an oven, and they can be seen but they don't stick out into the oven, if one bakes dough and it touches them, the [oven] is unclean. Regarding which dough did they speak? Medium dough. If they are found in the plaster of an oven with a tightly fitting lid: If the oven is unclean, they are unclean, If the oven is clean, they are clean. If they are found in the stopper of a jar: If on the sides, they are unclean. If opposite the mouth, they are clean. If they can be seen in it, but they do not enter its airspace, they are clean. If they sink into it, and there is [plaster] underneath them as thick as garlic peel, they are clean.",
+ "A jar that was full of clean liquids, with a siphon in it, and it had a tightly fitting cover and was in a tent in which there was a corpse: Bet Shammai says: both the jar and the liquids are clean but the siphon is unclean. And Bet Hillel says: the siphon also is clean. Bet Hillel changed their mind and ruled in agreement with Bet Shammai.",
+ "If a sheretz was found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains clean, for I can assume that it fell there while it was still alive and that it died only now. If a needle or a ring was found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains clean, for I can assume that they were there before the oven arrived. If it was found in the wood ashes, the oven is unclean since one has no ground on which to base an assumption of cleanness.",
+ "A sponge which had absorbed unclean liquids and its outer surface became dry and it fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven is unclean, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to a piece of turnip or reed grass. Rabbi Shimon says: the oven is clean in both these cases.",
+ "Potsherds that had been used for unclean liquids which fell into the air-space of an oven, if the oven was heated, it becomes unclean, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to fresh olive peat, but if it was old, the oven remains clean. If it was known that liquid emerges, even after the lapse of three years, the oven becomes unclean.",
+ "If olive peat or grape skins had been prepared in conditions of cleanness, and unclean persons trod upon them and afterwards liquids emerged from them, they remain clean, since they had originally been prepared in conditions of cleanness. If a spindle hook was sunk into the spindle, or the iron point into the ox goad, or a ring into a brick, and all these were clean, and then they were brought into a tent in which was a corpse, they become unclean. If a zav caused them to move they become unclean. If they then fell into the air-space of a clean oven, they cause it to be unclean. If a loaf of terumah came in contact with them, it remains clean.",
+ "If there was netting placed over the mouth of an oven, forming a tightly fitting lid, and a split appeared between the oven and the colander, the minimum size [to allow impurity to enter] is that of the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that cannot actually enter it. Rabbi Judah says: it must be one into which the tip can actually enter. If a split appeared in the netting, the minimum size is the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can enter it. Rabbi Judah says: even if it cannot enter. If the split was curved it must not be regarded as straight, and still the minimum size must be the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can actually enter.",
+ "If there was a hole in the \"eye\" of an oven, the minimum size [for it to leave the category of being tightly closed] is the circumference of a burning spindle staff that can enter and come out [without being extinguished]. Rabbi Judah says: one that is not burning. If the hole appeared at its side, the minimum size must be that of the circumference of a spindle staff that can enter and come out while it is not burning. Rabbi Judah says: while burning. Rabbi Shimon says: if the hole is in the middle its size must be such that a spindle staff can enter it, but if it was at the side it need only be such as the spindle staff cannot actually enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning the stopper of a jar in which a hole appeared: the minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in an oat stalk. If the hole was in the middle the stalk should be able to enter, and if at the side it need not be able to enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning large stone jars in the stoppers of which appeared a hole. The minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in a reed. If the hole was in the middle the reed must be able to enter it, and if it was at the side the reed need not be able to enter it. When is this so? When the jars were made for wine, but if they were made for other liquids, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. When is this so? When the holes were not made by a person, but if they were made by a person, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. If a hole appeared [in other vessels its prescribed size ] is as follows: if the vessel was used for food, [the hole must be one] through which olives can fall out; if for liquids, one that lets out liquids; If for either, the greater restriction is imposed [even with regard to the issue of] a tightly fitting cover [the size of the hole need only be] one that admits a liquid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following vessels protect their contents when they have a tightly fitting cover: those made of cattle dung, of stone, of clay, of earthenware, of sodium carbonate, of the bones of a fish or of its skin, or of the bones of any animal of the sea or of its skin, and wooden vessels that are always clean. They protect whether the covers close their mouths or their sides, whether they stand on their bottoms or lean on their sides. If they were turned over with their mouths downwards they afford protection to all that is beneath them to the nethermost deep. Rabbi Eliezer declares this unclean. These protect everything, except that an earthen vessel protects only foods, liquids and earthen vessels.",
+ "How may it be tightly covered? With lime or gypsum, pitch or wax, mud or excrement, crude clay or potter's clay, or any substance that is used for plastering. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with tin or with lead because though it is a covering, it is not tightly fitting. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with swollen fig-cakes or with dough that was kneaded with fruit juice, since it might cause it to become unfit. If he did make a tightly fitting cover [from such material] it protects.",
+ "A stopper of a jar that is loose but does not fall out: Rabbi Judah says: it protects. But the sages say: it does not protect. If its finger-hold was sunk within the jar and a sheretz was in it, the jar becomes unclean. If the sheretz was in the jar, any food in it, become unclean.",
+ "If a ball or coil of reed grass was placed over the mouth of a jar, and only its sides were plastered, it does not protect unless it was also plastered above or below. The same is true with regard to a patch of cloth. If it was of paper or leather and bound with a cord, if he plastered it from the sides, it protects.",
+ "If [the outer layer] a jar had been peeled off but its pitch [lining] remained intact, And similarly if pots of fish brine were sealed up with gypsum at a level with the brim: Rabbi Judah says: they do not protect. But the sages say: they do protect.",
+ "If a jar had a hole in it and wine lees stopped it up, they protect it. If one stopped it up with a vine shoot [it does not protect] until he plasters it at the sides. If there were two vine shoots, [it does not protect] unless he plastered it at the sides and also between the one shoot and the other. If a board was placed over the mouth of an oven, it protects if he plastered it at the sides. If there were two boards [it does not protect] unless he plastered at the sides and also between the one board and the other. If they were fastened together with pegs or with bamboo joints there is no need for them to be plastered in the middle.",
+ "An old oven was within a new one and netting was over the mouth of the old [new] one: If [it was placed such that if] the old one were to be removed the netting would drop, all [the contents of both ovens] are unclean; But if it would not drop, all are clean. A new oven was within an old one and netting was over the mouth of the old one if there was not a handbreadth of space between the new oven and the netting, all the contents of the new one are clean.",
+ "If [earthenware] pans were placed one within the other and their rims were on the same level, and there was a sheretz in the upper one or in the lower one, that pan alone becomes unclean but all the others remain clean. If [they were perforated] to the extent of admitting a liquid, and the sheretz was in the uppermost one, all become unclean. If in the lowest one, that one is unclean while the others remain clean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, both are unclean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, any one that contained dripping liquid becomes unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Metal vessels, whether they are flat or form a receptacle, are susceptible to impurity. On being broken they become clean. If they were re-made into vessels they revert to their former impurity. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: this does not apply to every form of impurity but only to that contracted from a corpse.",
+ "Every metal vessel that has a name of its own [is susceptible to impurity,] Except for a door, a bolt, a lock, a socket under a hinge, a hinge, a clapper, and the [threshold] groove under a door post, since these are intended to be attached to the ground.",
+ "If vessels are made from iron ore, from smelted iron, from the hoop of a wheel, from sheets, from plating, from the bases, rims or handles of vessels, from chippings or filings, they are clean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: even those made of pieces of vessels. From [vessels that are made] of fragments of vessels, from pieces of old vessels, or from nails that were known to have been made from vessels, are unclean. [If they were made] from ordinary nails: Bet Shammai says: they are unclean, And Bet Hillel says that they are clean.",
+ "If unclean iron was smelted together with clean iron and the greater part was from the unclean iron, [the vessel made of the mixture] is unclean; If the greater part was from the clean iron, the vessel is clean. If each was half, it is unclean. The same law also applies to a mixture of cement and cattle dung. A door bolt is susceptible to impurity, but [one of wood] that is only plated with metal is not susceptible to impurity. The clutch and the crosspiece [of a lock] are susceptible to impurity. A door-bolt: Rabbi Joshua says: he may remove it from one door and hang it on another on Shabbat. Rabbi Tarfon says: it is like all other vessels and may be carried about in a courtyard.",
+ "The scorpion [-shaped] bit of a bridle is susceptible to impurity, but the cheek-pieces are clean. Rabbi Eliezer says that the cheek-pieces are susceptible to impurity. But the sages says that the scorpion-bit alone is susceptible to impurity, When they are joined together it is all susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A metal spindle-knob:Rabbi Akiva says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is not susceptible. If it was only plated [with metal] it is clean. A spindle, a distaff, a rod, a double flute and a pipe are susceptible to impurity if they are of metal, but if they are only plated [with metal] they are clean. If a double flute has a receptacle for the wings it is susceptible to impurity in either case.",
+ "A curved horn is susceptible to impurity but a straight one is clean. If its mouthpiece was covered with metal it is unclean. If its broad side [is covered with metal]: Rabbi Tarfon says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is clean. While they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity. Similarly: the branches of a candlestick are clean. And the cups and the base are susceptible to impurity, But while they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A helmet is susceptible to impurity but the cheek-pieces are clean, But if they have a receptacle for water they are susceptible to impurity. All weapons of war are susceptible to impurity: a javelin, a spear-head, metal boots, and a breastplate are susceptible to impurity. All women's ornaments are susceptible to impurity: a golden city (a tiara), a necklace, ear-rings, finger-rings, a ring whether it has a seal or does not have a seal, and nose-rings. If a necklace has metal beads on a thread of flax or wool and the thread broke, the beads are still susceptible to impurity, since each one is a vessel in itself. If the thread was of metal and the beads were of precious stones or pearls or glass, and the beads were broken while the thread alone remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. The remnant of a necklace [is susceptible] as long as there is enough for the neck of a little girl. Rabbi Eliezer says: even if only one ring remained it is unclean, since it also is hung around the neck.",
+ "If an earring was shaped like a pot at its bottom and like a lentil at the top and the sections fell apart, the pot-shaped section is susceptible to impurity because it is a receptacle, while the lentil shaped section is susceptible to impurity in itself. The hooklet is clean. If the sections of an ear-ring that was in the shape of a cluster of grapes fell apart, they are clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A man's ring is susceptible to impurity. A ring for cattle or for vessels and all other rings are clean. A beam for arrows is susceptible to impurity, but one for prisoners is clean. A prisoner's collar is susceptible to impurity. A chain that has a lock-piece is susceptible to impurity. But that used for tying up cattle is clean. The chain used by wholesalers is susceptible to impurity. That used by householders is clean. Rabbi Yose said: When is this so? When it attaches to one door, but if it attaches to two doors or if it had a snail[-shaped] piece at its end it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "The beam of a wool-combers’ balance is susceptible to impurity on account of the hooks. And that of a householder, if it has hooks is also susceptible to impurity. The hooks of porters are clean but those of peddlers are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: in the case of the peddlers' [hooks], [the hook] that is in front is susceptible to impurity but that which is behind is clean. The hook of a couch is susceptible to impurity but that of bed poles is clean. [The hook of] a chest is susceptible to impurity but that of a fish trap is clean. That of a table is susceptible to impurity but that of a wooden candlestick is clean. This is the general rule: any hook that is attached to a susceptible vessel is susceptible to impurity, but one that is attached to a vessel that is not susceptible to impurity is clean. All these, however, are by themselves clean.",
+ "The metal cover of a basket of householders: Rabban Gamaliel says: it is susceptible to impurity, The sages say that it is clean. But that of physicians is susceptible to impurity. The door of a cupboard of householders is clean but that of physicians is susceptible to impurity. Tongs are susceptible to impurity but stove-tongs are clean. The scorpion [-shaped] hook in an olive-press is susceptible to impurity but the hooks for the walls are clean.",
+ "A blood-letters’ nail is susceptible to impurity. But [the nail] of a sundial is clean. Rabbi Zadok says that it is susceptible to impurity. A weaver's nail is susceptible to impurity. The chest of a grist-dealer: Rabbi Zadok says: it is susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is clean. If its wagon was made of metal it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A nail which he adapted to be able to open or to shut a lock is susceptible to impurity. But one used for guarding is clean. A nail which he adapted to open a jar: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is clean unless he forges it. A money-changer's nail is clean, But Rabbi Zadok says: it is susceptible to impurity. There are three things which Rabbi Zadok holds to be susceptible to impurity and the sages hold clean: The nail of a money-changer, The chest of a grist-dealer And the nail of a sundial. Rabbi Zadok rules that these are susceptible to impurity and the sages rule that they are clean.",
+ "There are four things which Rabban Gamaliel says are susceptible to impurity, and the sages say are not susceptible to impurity.The covering of a metal basket, if it belongs to householders; And the hanger of a strigil; And metal vessels which are still unshaped; And a plate that is divided into two [equal] parts. And the sages agree with Rabban Gamaliel in the case of a plate that was divided into two parts, one large and one small, that the large one is susceptible to impurity and the small one is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "If a dinar had been invalidated and then was adapted for hanging around a young girl's neck it is susceptible to impurity. So, too, if a sela had been invalidated was adapted for use as a weight, it is susceptible to impurity. How much may it depreciate while one is still permitted to keep it? As much as two denars. Less and he must be cut it up.",
+ "A pen-knife, a writing pen, a plummet, a weight, pressing plates, a measuring-rod, and a measuring-table are susceptible to impurity. All unfinished wooden vessels also are susceptible to impurity, excepting those made of boxwood. Rabbi Judah says: one made of an olive-tree branch is also clean unless it was first heated."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The sword, knife, dagger, spear, hand-sickle, harvest-sickle, clipper, and barbers’ whose component parts were separated, are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yose says: the part that is near the hand is susceptible to impurity, but that which is near the top is clean. The two parts of shears which were separated: Rabbi Judah says: they are still susceptible to impurity; But the sages say that they are clean.",
+ "A koligrophon whose spoon has been removed is still susceptible to impurity on account of its teeth. If its teeth have been removed it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A makhol whose spoon is missing is still susceptible to impurity on account of its point; If its point was missing it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A stylus whose writing point is missing is still susceptible to impurity on account of its eraser; If its eraser is missing it is susceptible on account of its writing point. A zomalister whose spoon is lost is still susceptible to impurity on account of its fork; If its fork is missing, it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. So too with regard to the prong of a mattock. The minimum size for all these instruments: so that they can perform their usual work.",
+ "A harhur that is damaged is still susceptible to impurity until its greater part is removed. But if its shaft-socket is broken it is clean. A hatchet whose cutting edge is lost remains susceptible to impurity on account of its splitting edge. If its splitting edge is lost it remains susceptible on account of its cutting edge. If its shaft-socket is broken it is clean.",
+ "An ash-shovel whose spoon was missing is still susceptible to impurity, since it is still like a hammer, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages rule that it is clean. A saw whose teeth are missing one in every two is clean. But if a hasit length of consecutive teeth remained it is susceptible to impurity. An adze, scalpel, plane, or drill that was damaged remains susceptible to impurity, but if its steel edge was missing it is clean. In all these cases if it was split into two parts both remain susceptible to impurity, except for the drill. The block of a plane by itself is clean.",
+ "A needle whose eye or point is missing is clean. If he adapted it to be a stretching-pin it is susceptible to impurity. A pack-needle whose eye was missing is still susceptible to impurity since one writes with it. If its point was missing it is clean. A stretching-pin is in either case susceptible to impurity. A needle that has become rusty: If this hinders it from sewing it is clean, But if not it remains susceptible to impurity. A hook that was straightened out is clean. If it is bent back it resumes its susceptibility to impurity.",
+ "Wood that serves a metal vessel is susceptible to impurity, but metal that serves a wooden vessel is clean. How so? If a lock is of wood and its clutches are of metal, even if only one of them is so, it is susceptible to impurity, but if the lock is of metal and its clutches are of wood, it is clean. If a ring was of metal and its seal of coral, it is susceptible to impurity, but if the ring was of coral and its seal of metal, it is clean. The tooth in the plate of a lock or in a key is susceptible to impurity by itself.",
+ "If Ashkelon grappling-irons were broken but their hooks remained, they remain susceptible to impurity. If a pitch-fork, winnowing-fan, or rake, and the same applies to a hair-comb, lost one of its teeth and it was replaced by one of metal, it is susceptible to impurity. And concerning all these Rabbi Joshua said: the scribes have here introduced a new principle of law, and I have no explanation to offer.",
+ "A flax-comb: if the teeth were missing but two remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. If only one remained it is clean. As regards all the teeth, each one individually is susceptible to impurity. A wool-comb: if one tooth out of every two is missing it is clean. If three consecutive teeth remained, it is susceptible to impurity. If the outermost tooth was one of them, the comb is clean. If two teeth were removed from the comb and made into a pair of tweezers, they are susceptible to impurity. Even if only one was removed but it was adapted to be used for a lamp or as a stretching-pin, it is susceptible to impurity."
+ ],
+ [
+ "What is the minimum size of [broken] metal vessels [for them to be susceptible to impurity]? A bucket must be of such a size as to draw water with it. A kettle must be such as water can be heated in it. A boiler, such as can hold selas. A cauldron, such as can hold jugs. Jugs, such as can hold perutahs. Wine-measures, such as can measure wine; and oil-measures, such as can measure oil. Rabbi Eliezer says: the size for all these is such as can hold perutahs. Rabbi Akiva says: a vessel that lacks trimming is susceptible to impurity, but one that lacks polishing is clean.",
+ "A staff to the end of which he attached a nail like an axe is susceptible to impurity. If the staff was studded with nails it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon ruled: only if he put in three rows. In all cases where he put them in as ornamentation the staff is clean. If he attached a tube to its end, and so also in the case of a door, it is clean. If it was once an independent vessel and then it was fixed to the staff, it remains susceptible to impurity. When does it become pure? Bet Shammai says: when it is damaged; And Bet Hillel says: when it is joined on.",
+ "A builder's staff and a carpenter's axes are susceptible to impurity. Tent-pegs and surveyors’ pegs are susceptible to impurity. A surveyor's chain is susceptible to impurity, but one used for wood is clean. The chain of a big bucket [is susceptible to impurity to a length of] four handbreadths, and that of a small one [to a length of] ten handbreadths. A blacksmith's jack is susceptible to impurity. A saw whose teeth were made in a hole susceptible to impurity, but if they were turned from below upwards it is clean. All covers are clean except that of a boiler.",
+ "The parts of a wagon that are susceptible to impurity: the metal yoke, the cross-bar, the side-pieces that hold the straps, the iron bar under the necks of the cattle, the pole-pin, the metal girth, the trays, the clapper, the hook, and any nail that holds any of its parts together.",
+ "The clean parts of a wagon are the following: the yoke that is only plated [with metal], side-pieces made for ornamentation, tubes that give out a noise, the lead at the side of the necks of the cattle, the rim of the wheel, the plates and mountings, and all other nails, all of these are clean. Metal shoes of cattle are susceptible to impurity but those made of cork are clean. When does a sword become susceptible to impurity? When it has been polished. And a knife? When it has been sharpened.",
+ "A metal basket-cover which was turned into a mirror: Rabbi Judah rules that it is clean. And the sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. A broken mirror, if it does not reflect the greater part of the face, is clean.",
+ "Metal vessels remain unclean and become clean even when broken, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: they can be made clean only when they are whole. How so? If they were sprinkled upon and on the same day they were broken and then they were recast and sprinkled upon on the same day, they are clean, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: there can be no effective sprinkling earlier than on the third and the seventh day.",
+ "A knee-shaped key that was broken off at the knee is clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean because one can open with it from within. A gamma-shaped key that was broken off at its shorter arm is clean. If it retained the teeth and the gaps it remains unclean. If the teeth were missing it is still unclean on account of the gaps; if the gaps were blocked up it is unclean on account of the teeth. If the teeth were missing and the gaps were blocked up, or if they were merged into one another, it is clean. If in a mustard-strainer three holes in its bottom were merged into one another the strainer is clean. A metal mill-funnel is unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Vessels of wood, leather, bone or glass: those that are flat are clean and those that form a receptacle are susceptible to impurity. If they are broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. A chest, a box, a cupboard, a straw basket, a reed basket, or the tank of an Alexandrian ship, that have flat bottoms and can hold a minimum of forty se'ah in liquid measure which represent two kor in dry measure, are clean. All other vessels whether they can contain the minimum or cannot contain it, are susceptible to impurity, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: the tub of a wagon, the food chests of kings, the tanners trough, the tank of a small ship, and an ark, even though they are able to contain the minimum, are susceptible to impurity, since they are intended to be moved about with their contents. As to all other vessels, those that can contain the minimum are clean and those that cannot contain it are susceptible to impurity. There is no difference between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah except a baking trough which belongs to a householder.",
+ "Bakers’ baking-boards are susceptible to impurity, but those used by householders are clean. But if he dyed them red or saffron they are susceptible to impurity. If a bakers’ shelf was fixed to a wall: Rabbi Eliezer rules that it is clean And the sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. The bakers' frame is susceptible to impurity but one used by householders is clean. If he made a rim on its four sides it is susceptible to impurity, but if one side was open it is clean. Rabbi Shimon says: if he fixed it so that one can cut the dough upon it, it is susceptible to impurity. Similarly, a rolling-pin is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "The container of the flour-dealers’ sifter is susceptible to impurity, but the one of a householder is clean. Rabbi Judah says: also one that is used by a hairdresser is susceptible to impurity as a seat, since girls sit in it when their hair is dressed.",
+ "All hangers are susceptible to impurity, except for those of a sifter and a sieve that are used by householders, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: all hangers are clean, excepting those of a sifter of flour-dealers, of a sieve used in threshing-floors, of a hand-sickle and of a detective's staff, since they aid when the instrument is in use. This is the general rule: [a hanger] that is intended to aid when the instrument is in use is susceptible to impurity and one intended to serve only as a hanger is clean.",
+ "The grist-dealers’ shovel is susceptible to impurity but the one used in grain stores is clean. The one used in wine- presses is susceptible to impurity but that used in threshing- floors is clean. This is the general rule: [a shovel] that is intended to hold anything is susceptible to impurity but one intended only to heap stuff together is clean.",
+ "Ordinary harps are susceptible to impurity, but the harps of Levites are clean. All liquids are susceptible to impurity, but the liquids in the Temple slaughtering house are clean. All scrolls convey impurity to the hands, excepting the scroll of the Temple courtyard. A wooden toy horse is clean. The belly-lute, the donkey-shaped musical instrument and the erus are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: the erus is susceptible to sitting impurity since the wailing woman sits on it. A weasel-trap is susceptible to impurity, but a mouse- trap is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden vessel that was broken into two parts becomes clean, except for a folding table, a dish with compartments for [different kinds of] food, and a householder's footstool. Rabbi Judah says: a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are subject to the same law. When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity? A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fishskin. If the owner determined not to sand them over they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed becomes susceptible to impurity as soon as three rows of meshes have been knitted in it.",
+ "Wooden baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as their rims are rounded off and their rough ends are smoothed off. But those that are made of palm-branches [become susceptible to impurity] even though their ends were not smoothed off on the inside, since they are allowed to remain in this condition. A basket [of reed-grass becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as its rim is rounded off, its rough ends are smoothed off, and its hanger is finished. A wicker basket flasks or for cups [is susceptible to impurity] even if the rough ends were not smoothed off on the inside, since these are allowed to remain in this condition.",
+ "Small reed baskets and baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as their rims are rounded off and their rough ends are smoothed off. Large reed baskets and large hampers, as soon as two rows have been made round their sides. The container of a sifter or a sieve and a cup of the balances, as soon as one circling band has been made round their sides. A willow basket, as soon as two twists have been made around its wide sides. And a rush basket, as soon as one twist has been made round it.",
+ "When do leather vessels become susceptible to impurity?A leather pouch, as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough ends trimmed and its straps sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: so soon as its ears have been sewn on. A leather apron [becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough end trimmed and its strings sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its loops have been sewn on. A leather bed cover [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its straps have been sewn on. A leather cushion or mattress [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as it has been sew up and less than five handbreadths remained open.",
+ "A basket [for figs] is susceptible to uncleanness but a basket for wheat is clean. Small baskets made of leaves are clean, but those made of branches are susceptible to uncleanness. The palm wrapping [in which dates are left] and into which they can be easily put and from which they can easily be taken out is susceptible to uncleanness, but if this cannot be done without tearing it or undoing it, it is clean.",
+ "The leather glove of winnowers, travelers, or flax workers is susceptible to uncleanness. But the one for dyers or blacksmiths is clean. Rabbi Yose says: the same law applies to the glove of grist dealers. This is the general rule: that which is made for holding anything is susceptible to uncleanness, but that which only affords protection against perspiration is clean.",
+ "The dung bag of a bull and its muzzle, a bee shelf, and a fan are clean. The cover of a small box is susceptible to uncleanness; The cover of a clothes chest is clean. The cover of a box, the cover of a basket, a carpenter's vice, a cushion under a box or its arched cover, a reading-desk for a book, a bolt-socket, a lock-socket, a mezuzah case, a lyre case, a violin case, the block of the turban-makers, a wooden musical toy horse, the clappers of a wailing woman, a poor man's parasol, bed posts, a tefillin mould, and the mould of string makers all these are clean. This is the general rule which Rabbi Yose stated: all objects that serve as a protection to objects that a man uses, both when the latter are in use and when they are not in use, are susceptible to uncleanness; but those that serve them as a protection only when the latter are in use are clean.",
+ "The sheath of a sword, a knife or a dagger, the case for scissors, or shears or a razor, the case of make-up and the make-up box, the stylus case, the compass case, the tablet case, the case for a board, a quiver and a javelin case all these are susceptible to uncleanness. The case for a double flute is susceptible to uncleanness if the instrument is put in from above, but if it is put in from the side it is clean. A case for flutes Rabbi Judah says it is clean because these are put in from the side. The covering of a club, a bow or a spear is clean. This is the general rule: that which serves as a case is susceptible to uncleanness, but that which is merely a covering is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All [wooden] vessels that belong to householder [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of pomegranates. Rabbi Eliezer says: [the size of the hole depends] on what it is used for. Gardeners’ vegetable baskets [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of bundles of vegetables. Baskets of householders [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of [bundles] of straws. Those of bath-keepers, if bundles of chaff [will drop through]. Rabbi Joshua says: in all these the size is that of pomegranates.",
+ "A skin bottle [becomes clean if the holes in it are of] a size through which warp-stoppers [can fall out]. If a warp-stopper cannot be held in, but it can still hold a woof-stopper it remains unclean. A dish holder that cannot hold dishes but can still hold trays remains unclean. A chamber- pot that cannot hold liquids but can still hold excrements remains unclean. Rabban Gamaliel rules that it is clean since people do not usually keep one that is in such a condition.",
+ "Bread-baskets [become clean if] the size [of their hole is such] that loaves of bread [would fall through]. Papyrus frames through into which reeds were inserted from the bottom upwards to strengthen them, are clean. If he fixed walls to it, they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon says: if it cannot be lifted up by these walls it is clean.",
+ "The pomegranates of which they have spoken--three attached to one another. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: in a sifter or a sieve [the size of the hole must be such that a pomegranate will drop out] when one picks it up and walks about with it. In a basket it must be such [as would allow a pomegranate] to fall through while one hangs it behind him. And all other vessels which cannot hold pomegranates as, for instance, the quarter kav measure and the half quarter kav measure, and small baskets, the size [of their holes must be] such as would extend over the greater part of them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says: [the size of their hole must be such that] olives [could fall through]. If their sides were broken [the size of their hole must be] such as olives would drop through. If they are worn away the size must be such as would allow the objects which are usually kept in them [to drop through].",
+ "The pomegranate of which they spoke refers to one that is neither small nor big but of moderate size. And why did they mention the pomegranates of Baddan? That whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: to use them as a measure for holes in vessels. Rabbi Akiva said: they were mentioned for both reasons: that they are to be used as a measure for holes in vessels and that whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden. Rabbi Yose said: the pomegranates of Baddan and the leeks of Geba were mentioned only to indicate that they must be tithed everywhere with certain tithe.",
+ "The egg of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. Rabbi Judah says: the largest and the smallest must be brought and put in water and the displaced water is then divided. Rabbi Yose says: but who can tell me which is the largest and which is the smallest? Rather, it all depends on the observer's estimate.",
+ "The dried fig of which they spoke--- it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. Rabbi Judah says: the biggest in the land of Israel is like one of medium size in other lands.",
+ "The olive of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size the egori. The barleycorn of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size the midbarit The lentil of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size--the egyptian kind. \"Any movable object conveys uncleanness if it is of the thickness of an ox goad\" it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. What is meant by \"one of moderate size?\" One whose circumference is just a handbreadth.",
+ "The cubit of which they spoke is one of medium size. There were two standard cubits in Shushan Habirah, one in the north-eastern corner and the other in the south-eastern corner. The one in the north-eastern corner exceeded that of Moses by half a fingerbreadth, while the one in the south-eastern corner exceeded the other by half a fingerbreadth, so that the latter exceeded that of Moses by a fingerbreadth. But why were there a larger and a smaller cubit? Only for this reason: so that craftsmen might take their orders according to the smaller cubit and return their finished work according to the larger cubit, so that they might not be guilty of any possible trespassing of Temple property.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: all cubits were of the moderate length except that for the golden altar, the horns, the surround and the base. Rabbi Judah says: the cubit used for the building was one of six handbreadths and that for the vessels one of five handbreadths.",
+ "Sometimes they stated a smaller measure: Liquid and dry measures were measured with the Italian standard which was the one that was used in the wilderness. Sometimes they stated a measure that varied according to the individual concerned: One who takes the handful of a minhah, One who takes both hands full of incense, One who drinks a cheek full on Yom Kippur, And the two meals for an eruv, The quantity being the food one eats on weekdays and not on Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: as on Shabbat and not as on weekdays. And both intended to give the more lenient ruling. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made of a kav. Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pundium when the price of wheat is four se'ah for a sela’.",
+ "And sometimes they stated a large measure:A ladleful of corpse mould refers to the big ladle of physicians; The split bean in the case of skin disease refers to the Cilician kind; One who eats on Yom Kippur a quantity of the bulk of a large date, refers to the size of the date and its pit; In the case of skins of wine and oil [the holes] must be as big as their large stopper; In the case of a light hole that was not made by man's hands the prescribed size of which is that of a large fist, the reference is to the fist of Ben Batiah Rabbi Yose said: and it is as big as a large human head. And in the case of one made by human hands the prescribed size is that of the large drill in the Temple chamber which is the size of the Italian pondium or the Neronian sela or like the hole in a yoke.",
+ "All that live in the sea are clean, except the sea-dog because it seeks refuge on dry land, the words of Rabbi Akiba. If one made vessels from what grows in the sea and joined to them anything that grows on land, even if only a thread or a cord, if it is susceptible to uncleanness, they are unclean.",
+ "The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the first day. There can be no uncleanness in what was created on the second day. The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the third day. No there can be no uncleanness in what was created on the fourth day and on the fifth day, except for the wing of the vulture or an ostrich-egg that is plated. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: why should the wing of a vulture be different from all other wings? The laws of uncleanness can apply to all that was created on the sixth day.",
+ "If one made a receptacle whatever its size it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one made a couch or a bed whatever its purpose it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one made a wallet from untanned hide or from papyrus it is susceptible to uncleanness. A pomegranate, an acorn and a nut which children hollowed out to measure dust or fashioned them into a pair of scales, are susceptible to uncleanness, since in the case of children an act is valid though an intention is not.",
+ "The beam of a balance and a leveler that contain a receptacle for metal, carrying-stick that has a receptacle for money, a beggar's cane that has a receptacle for water, and a stick that has a receptacle for a mezuzah and for pearls are susceptible to uncleanness. About all these Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Oy to me if I should mention them, Oy to me if I don't mention them.",
+ "The base of the goldsmiths’ anvil is susceptible to uncleanness, but that of the blacksmiths is clean. A whetting-board which has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A writing-tablet that has a receptacle for wax is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A straw mat or a tube of straw: Rabbi Akiva rules it is susceptible to uncleanness; But Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri rules that is it clean. Rabbi Shimon says: the hollow stalk of colocynth is subject to the same law. A mat of reeds or rushes is clean. A reed-tube that was cut for holding anything remains clean until all the pith has been removed."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden chest: Beth Shammai says: it is measured on the inside; And Bet Hillel says: on the outside. Both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are not included in the measurement. Rabbi Yose says: both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are included in the measurement, but the space between them is not included. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri ruled: if the legs are one handbreadth high the space between them is not included in the measurement, otherwise it is included.",
+ "Its carriage: if it can be slipped off, is not regarded as connected, nor is it included in its measurement, nor does it afford protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, nor may it be drawn along on Shabbat if it contains money. If it cannot be slipped off, it is regarded as connected, it is included in its measurement, it affords protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, it may be drawn along on Shabbat even if it contains money. Its arched top, if it is fixed [to the box], is considered connected and is measured with it, but if it is not fixed it is not connected and is not measured with it. How is it measured? As an ox-head. Rabbi Judah says: if it cannot stand by itself it is clean.",
+ "If one of the legs was missing from a chest, a box or a cupboard, even though it is still capable of holding [things], it is clean, since it cannot hold [things] in the usual manner. But Rabbi Yose says: it is susceptible to impurity. The poles of a bed, its base, and [its] covering are clean. Only the bed itself and its rectangle [frame] are susceptible to uncleanness. The rectangle frames of the Levites are clean.",
+ "A bed frame that was put on props: Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah say it is susceptible to uncleanness. But Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon say that it is clean. Rabbi Yose said: Why is this different from the rectangle frames of the Levites which are clean?",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras uncleanness: If a short side was removed and its two legs still remains it is unclean. But if a long side and two legs were removed it becomes clean. Rabbi Nehemiah says: it is unclean. If two props at opposite corners were cut off, or if two legs at opposite corners were cut off, or if the bed was reduced to a level of less than a handbreadth, it becomes clean.",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras impurity:If a long side of it was broken and then he repaired it, it still retains its midras impurity. If the second side was also broke and then he repaired it, it becomes pure from midras impurity but is unclean by virtue of contact with midras. If before one could manage to repair the first side the second one broke, the bed becomes clean.",
+ "If a [bed] leg that had contracted midras uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts midras uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off, it retains its midras uncleanness while the bed is unclean from contact with midras. If a bed leg that was subject to a seven-day uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts seven-day uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off it remains subject to seven-day uncleanness while the bed is only subject to evening-uncleanness. If a leg that was subject to evening uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts evening uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off it is still subject to evening uncleanness while the bed becomes clean. The same law applies also to the prong of a mattock.",
+ "A tefillin box consisting of four vessels: if the first compartment was unloosed, and then he mended it, it retains its corpse uncleanness. So is it also the case with the second and the third. If he unloosed the fourth it becomes free from corpse uncleanness but it is still unclean from contact with corpse uncleanness. If he went back to the first compartment and unloosed and mended it, it remains unclean from contact. So also in the case of the second compartment. If he then unloosed the third compartment and mended it becomes clean, since the fourth is unclean from contact, and what is unclean from contact cannot convey uncleanness by contact.",
+ "A bed half of which was stolen or lost, or one which brothers or joint owners divided between themselves, becomes clean. If it was restored it is susceptible to uncleanness henceforth. A bed may contract uncleanness and be rendered clean when all its parts are bound together, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But the sages say: it can contract uncleanness and is rendered clean in single parts."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who dismantles a bed in order that he might immerse it and [while doing so] touches the ropes remains clean. When does the rope begin to constitute a connective with the bed? As soon as three rows of meshes of it have been knotted. And [if another rope was tied to this one] and a person touches it: If from the knot inwards he becomes unclean; But if from the knot outwards he remains clean. As to the loose ends of the knot, any one that touches that part which is needed for it becomes unclean. And how much is needed for it? Rabbi Judah says: three fingerbreadths.",
+ "A rope that hangs out from a bed:If it is shorter than five handbreadths, it is clean, If it is from five to ten handbreadths long, it is unclean. From ten handbreadths and longer is clean; For it is with [this rope] that paschal lambs were tied and beds were lowered down.",
+ "If a part of a mattress hangs over, it is unclean whatever its length, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: only that which is shorter than ten handbreadths. The remnant of a mattress remains unclean if the length is at least seven handbreadths from which a donkey's covering can be made.",
+ "If a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress, the latter causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: if a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress the part that is shorter than ten handbreadths causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, but that which is over the ten handbreadths causes only an uncleanness of one grade and an unfitness of one grade. If he was carried on the mattress, [on the overhanging part] that was shorter than ten handbreadths, it becomes unclean, but if on the part that was longer than ten handbreadths it remains clean.",
+ "If around a bed that had contracted midras uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to midras uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to midras uncleanness but the mattress is unclean only from contact with midras. If around a bed that had contracted seven-day uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to seven-day uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to seven-day uncleanness but the mattress is unclean until the evening. If the bed was subject to evening uncleanness and around it he wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to evening uncleanness; If it was removed, the bed remains subject to evening uncleanness but the mattress becomes clean.",
+ "If a mattress was wrapped around a bed and a corpse touched them, they are subject to a seven-day uncleanness; If they are taken apart they are still subject to a seven-day uncleanness. If a sheretz touched them they are subject to an evening uncleanness; If they are taken apart they are still subject to evening uncleanness. A bed from which the two longer sides were removed and two new ones were prepared for it but the original sockets were not changed: If the new sides were broken the bed retains its uncleanness, But if the old ones were broken it becomes clean, since all depends on the old ones.",
+ "A box whose opening is at the top is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If a piece fell out above it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If it was damaged below, it becomes clean. The compartments within it remain unclean and are not regarded as a connected to it.",
+ "If a shepherd's bag was damaged, the pocket within it retains its uncleanness and is not regarded as a connected to it. A skin whose testicle bags serve also as receptacles and they were damaged, they become clean, since they will no longer serve their original purpose.",
+ "A box whose opening is at the side is susceptible to both midras uncleanness and corpse uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: When does this apply? When it is less than ten handbreadths in height or when it does not have a rim one handbreadth deep. If it was damaged above it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If it was damaged below: Rabbi Meir rules that it is susceptible to uncleanness. But the sages rule that it is clean because if the primary function ceases the secondary one also ceases.",
+ "A dung-basket that was so damaged that it will not hold pomegranates: Rabbi Meir says is still susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is clean because if the primary function ceases the secondary one also ceases."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Pillows, bed coverings, sacks and packing cases that were damaged are still susceptible to midras uncleanness. A fodder-bag that can hold four kav, a shepherd's bag that can hold five kav, a traveling bag that can hold a se'ah, a skin that can hold seven kav, Rabbi Judah adds: also a spice-bag, and a food wallet that can hold the smallest quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness. If any of them was damaged it becomes clean, since if the primary function ceases the secondary function also ceases.",
+ "A bagpipe is not susceptible to midras uncleanness. A trough for mixing mortar: Bet Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras uncleanness , And Bet Hillel says it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only. If a trough of a capacity from two log to nine kav is split, it becomes susceptible to midras uncleanness. If he left it out in the rain and it swelled it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness alone. [If he left it out] during the east wind and it split, it is susceptible to midras uncleanness. In this respect the law is stricter in the case of remnants of wooden vessels than in [that of such vessels] in their original condition. It is also stricter in regard to the remnants of wicker vessels than [to such vessels] as are in their original condition, for when they are in their original condition they are insusceptible to uncleanness until their rim is finished, but after their rim has been finished, even though their edges fell away leaving only the slightest trace of them, they are unclean.",
+ "If a stick was used as a handle for a hatchet, it is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of use. A yarn winder is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of its use. If it was fixed to a pole it is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not considered connected to it. If the pole itself was converted into a yarn winder, only that part which is needed for use is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the pole is susceptible to uncleanness, but the latter is not regarded as connected to it. If the pole itself was turned into a seat, only the place of the seat is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the beam of an olive-press is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not connected to it. If the end of a beam was turned into a seat it remains clean, because people would tell him, \"Get up and let us do our work.\"",
+ "If a large trough was so damaged that it could no longer hold pomegranates and he fixed it to be used as a seat: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it remains clean unless its rough parts have been smoothed. If it was turned into a feeding bowl for cattle, even if it was fixed to a wall, it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A wood block that was fixed to a row on a wall, whether he fixed it and did not built upon it or built upon it but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If he fixed it and also built upon, it is clean. Matting that was spread over the roof-beams, whether he fixed it but did not put on the plasterwork or whether he put on the plasterwork but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If it was fixed and he laid plasterwork over it, it is clean. A dish that was fixed to a chest, box or cupboard: If in such a manner as to hold its contents in the usual way, it is susceptible to uncleanness, But if it was in a manner that it cannot hold its contents in the usual way it is clean.",
+ "If a sheet that was susceptible to midras uncleanness made into a curtain, it becomes clean from midras uncleanness but it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. When does it become insusceptible to [midras] uncleanness? Bet Shammai says: when the loops have been tied to it. . Bet Hillel says: when it has been attached. Rabbi Akiva says: when it has been fixed.",
+ "A mat whose reeds stretched lengthwise is insusceptible to uncleanness; But the sages rule: only if they lay in the shape of [the Greek letter] chi. If they were laid along its width and there was a distance of less than four handbreadths between the two reeds, it is insusceptible to uncleanness. If it was divided along its width, Rabbi Judah rules that is clean. So also, where the end-knots are untied, it is clean. If it was divided along its length but three end-knots remained intact across a stretch of six handbreadths, it is susceptible to uncleanness. When does a mat become susceptible to uncleanness? When its rough ends are trimmed, this being the completion of its manufacture."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who touches the upper beam, the lower beam, the harnesses, the sley, the thread that is drawn over purple material, or a spool which is not to be shot back, remains clean. If he touches the woof, the standing warp, the double thread that is drawn over purple material or a spool which is to be shot back, he becomes unclean. If one touches the wool that is on the distaff, or on the spool, he remains clean. If he touches the spinner: Before it was uncovered he is unclean, After it was uncovered he remains clean.",
+ "One who touches the yoke, the crossbar, the collar-piece, or the thick ropes, even when they are being used, he remains clean. If he touched the tail piece, knee or handle, he becomes unclean. If he touched the metal rings, the guides, or the flanks, he becomes unclean. Rabbi Judah says that he remains clean if he touched the guides since they only serve to increase the soil.",
+ "One who touches the handle of a saw at either end becomes unclean; [If he touched] its string, cord, cross-piece or side-pieces, a carpenter's vice, or the bow-handle of a bow-drill, he remains clean. Rabbi Judah says: so too he who touches the frame of a large saw remains clean. One who touches the bow-string or the bow, even though it was stretched, he remains clean. A mole-trap is clean. Rabbi Judah says: when it is stretched, the separate parts are [regarded as] connected."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a table or a side-board was damaged or he covered them with marble but room was left for cups to be set, it is unclean. Rabbi Judah ruled: there must be room enough for pieces of food.",
+ "A table one of whose legs was removed is clean. If a second leg was removed it is still clean. But if a third was removed it becomes unclean where the owner has the intention of using it. Rabbi Yose says: no intention is necessary. The same law applies also to the side-board.",
+ "A bench, one of whose legs was removed, is clean. If its second leg also was removed it is still clean. If it was one handbreadth high it is unclean. A footstool one of whose legs was removed is unclean. The same applies to the stool in front of a cathedra.",
+ "A bride's stool which lost the coverings for the seatboards: Bet Shammai rules that it still susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even the frame of the stool is susceptible to uncleanness. A stool which was fixed to a kneading-trough, Bet Shammai rules that it susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even one made out of it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A chair whose seat boards did not project and then they were removed, it is still susceptible to uncleanness, for it is usual to turn it on its side and to sit on it.",
+ "A chair whose middle seat board was removed but the outer ones remained, it is still susceptible to uncleanness. If the outer ones were removed and the middle seat board remained it is also susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Shimon says: only if it was a handbreadth wide.",
+ "A chair, of which two seat boards were removed, this one next to this one: Rabbi Akiva says: it is susceptible to impurity; And the sages say that it is clean. Rabbi Judah said: so too if the seat boards of a bride's chair were lost, though the receptacle under remained, it is clean, since where the primary function has ceased, the secondary one also ceases.",
+ "A chest whose top part was removed is still susceptible to uncleanness on account of its bottom; If its bottom was removed it is still susceptible to uncleanness on account of its top part. If both the top part and the bottom part were removed: Rabbi Judah says that it is susceptible to uncleanness on account of its sides, But the sages rule that it is clean. A stonecutter's seat is subject to midras uncleanness.",
+ "A [wooden] block which was painted red or saffron, or was polished: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it remains clean unless [a seat] was carved out. A small basket or a big one that was filled with straw or other soft material remains clean [even] if it was prepared as a seat. But if it was plaited over with reed-grass or with a cord it becomes susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A toilet is subject to both midras and corpse uncleanness. If the leather seat was separated, the leather is subject to midras uncleanness and the iron is subject only to corpse uncleanness. A folding stool whose cover is of leather is subject to both midras and corpse uncleanness. If it was taken apart, the leather is subject to midras uncleanness while the stool is altogether clean. A bath-house bench that has two wooden legs is susceptible to uncleanness. If one leg was of wood and the other of stone it is clean. Boards in a bath-house which were joined together: Rabbi Akiva says that they are susceptible to [midras] uncleanness; But the sages say that they are clean, since they are made only for the water to flow under them. A fumigation-cage that contains a receptacle for garments is susceptible to uncleanness, But one that is made like a bee-hive is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a ball, a mould, an amulet or tefillin were torn, one that touches them becomes unclean, But one that touches what is inside them remains clean. If a saddle was torn, one that touches its contents unclean, because the stitching joins them.",
+ "The following are susceptible to uncleanness as objects that are fit for riding upon (merkav): an Ashkelon donkey belt, a Medean saddle, a camel's pillow, and a horse-cloth. Rabbi Yose says: a horse-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness as a seat, since people stand on it in the arena. But a saddle of a female camel is susceptible to [sitting] uncleanness.",
+ "What is the practical difference between [the uncleanness of an object used for] riding upon and [one used for] sitting upon? In the case of the former the effect of contact with it is different from the effect of carrying it, but in the case of the latter there is no difference between the effect of coming in contact with it or carrying it. The pack-frame of a donkey on which a zav sat is clean; But if the size of the spaces has been changed or if they have been broken one into another it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A bier, the mattress and the pillow of a corpse are susceptible to the uncleanness of midras. A bride's stool, a midwife's stool, and a launderer's stool on which he piles the clothes: Rabbi Yose says: it is not regarded as a seat.",
+ "A fishing net is susceptible to uncleanness on account of its bag. Nets, snares, bird-traps, slings and fishermen's skeins are susceptible to uncleanness. A fish-trap, a bird-basket and a bird-cage are not susceptible to uncleanness."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are three different types of shields:A bent shield is susceptible to midras uncleanness; A shield used in the arena is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And the Arabian toy shield is pure from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of wagons:The one made like a cathedra is susceptible to midras uncleanness; The one made like a bed is susceptible to corpse uncleanness, And the one for [the transport of] stones is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baking-troughs:If a baking-trough of a capacity from two log to nine kav was split it is susceptible to midras uncleanness; If it was whole it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And if it holds the prescribed measure it is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of boxes:A box whose opening is at the sides is susceptible to midras uncleanness; If it is on the top it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And if it holds the prescribed measure it is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of leather covers:That of barbers is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That on which people eat is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And that for [spreading out] olives is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of bases:One which lies before a bed or before a scribe is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One for a side-table is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one for a cupboard is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of writing tablets:That of papyrus is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That which had a receptacle for wax is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And that which is smooth is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of beds:One that is used for lying upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used by glass makers is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one used by weavers is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baskets:The one for dung is susceptible to midras uncleanness; The one for straw is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And a camel's rope bag is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of mats:One used for sitting upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used by dyers is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And one used in wine-presses is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of water skins and three different types of shepherds' wallets:Those that can hold the prescribed quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness; Those that cannot hold the prescribed quantity are susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And those made of fish skin are free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hides:That which is used as a rug is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That which is used as a wrapper for vessels is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And that which is intended for straps and sandals is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of sheets:One used for lying upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used as a curtain is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one used as a mural decoration is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of napkins:One used for hands is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used for books is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And the one used as a shroud or a covering for the harps of the Levites is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hip-boots:Those used by the hunters of animals and birds are susceptible to midras uncleanness; Those used by locust gatherers are susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And those used by fig-pickers are free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hair nets:A girl's is susceptible to midras uncleanness; An old woman's is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And [the hair net] of a woman who \"goes out\" is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baskets: If a worn-out basket is patched on to a sound one, all is determined by the sound one; If a small basket is patched on to a large one all is determined by the large one; If they are equal all is determined by the inner one. Rabbi Shimon says: if the cup of a balance was patched on to the bottom of a boiler on the inside, the latter becomes unclean; but if on the outside it remains clean. If it was patched on to the side, whether on the inside or the outside, it remains clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All vessels have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, as for instance, cushions, coverings, sacks and packing-bags, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: any vessel that has loops has [different laws] for inner and outer sides but one that has no loops does not have different laws for outer and inner sides. A table and a side-board have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have a different law for their outer sides. The same applies to a frame.",
+ "An ox-goad has different laws for its outer and inner parts, [The outer part is] the seven handbreadths from the broad blade and four handbreadths from the point, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: it is not to [subject to such distinction], the four and the seven handbreadths were mentioned only in regard to its remnants.",
+ "Measures of wine or oil, a fork-ladle, a mustard-strainer and a wine-filter have an outer and inner side, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: they do not have. Rabbi Shimon says: they do have, for if their outer parts contracted uncleanness that which is inside remains clean, and immersion is required.",
+ "If [in a measure consisting of] a quarter [of a log] and half a quarter [of a log] the quarter measure contracted uncleanness, the half-quarter measure does not become unclean, and if the half-quarter contracted uncleanness the quarter does not become unclean. They argued before Rabbi Akiva: since the half quarter measure is the outer part of the quarter measure, should not the outer side of the vessel whose inner side contracted uncleanness become unclean? He answered them: Are you sure that it belongs to the category [of vessels] that have inner [and outer] parts? Perhaps the quarter is to be regarded as the outer side of the half quarter and, surely, the inner side of a vessel does not become unclean if the outer side contracted uncleanness.",
+ "If the [inside of the] quarter contracted uncleanness, the quarter and its outer side are unclean, but the half quarter and its outer side remain clean. If the [inside of the] half quarter contracted uncleanness, the half quarter and its outer side are unclean, but the quarter and its outer side remain clean. If the outer side of the quarter contracted uncleanness,the outer side of the half quarter remains clean, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: the outer side cannot be divided. When he immerses the vessel, he must immerse the whole thing.",
+ "The bases, rims, hangers or handles of vessels that have a receptacle upon which an unclean liquid fell, one dries them and they remain clean. But [if unclean liquid fell] on any part of any other vessel which cannot hold pomegranates (or in which no distinction is made between its outer and inner sides), the whole becomes unclean. If the outer side of a vessel contracted uncleanness from a liquid, only its outer side is unclean but its inner side, rim, hanger and handles remain clean. If its inner side contracted uncleanness the whole is unclean.",
+ "All vessels have outer and inner sides and have a part by which they are held. Rabbi Tarfon says: this applies only to a large wooden [kneading] trough. Rabbi Akiva says: it applies to cups. Rabbi Meir says: it applies to unclean and clean hands. Rabbi Yose says: they said this only concerning clean hands.",
+ "How so?If one's hands were clean and the outer side of a cup was unclean, one may hold it by its holding-place and need not be concerned lest his hands have contracted uncleanness from the outer side of the cup. If one was drinking from a cup whose outer side was unclean he need not be concerned lest the liquid in his mouth contracted uncleanness from the outer side of the cup and that it then conveyed uncleanness to the cup. If a kettle was boiling one need not be concerned lest liquid should come out from it and touch its outer side and return again within it.",
+ "Holy vessels do not have outer and inner sides or a part by which they are held. One may not immerse vessels within one another for sacred use. All vessels become susceptible to uncleanness by intention, but they cannot be rendered insusceptible except by a change-effecting act, for an act annuls an earlier act as well as an earlier intention, but an intention annuls neither an earlier act nor an earlier intention."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An Imki sandal and a laced-up bag, Rabbi Judah says: also an Egyptian basket; Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: also to a Lattakian sandal can be made susceptible to uncleanness and again be made insusceptible without the aid of a craftsman. Rabbi Yose said: But can't all vessels be made susceptible to uncleanness and again insusceptible without the aid of a craftsman? Rather, these, even when they are unlaced are susceptible to uncleanness since a layman is able to restore them. They spoke only of an Egyptian basket which even a craftsman cannot [easily] restore.",
+ "A laced-up bag whose laces were removed is still susceptible to uncleanness; But if it was made flat it is pure. If a strip of cloth has been put on it below, it is susceptible. If a bag was within another bag and one of them became unclean from a liquid, the other does not become unclean. A pearl pouch is susceptible to uncleanness. A money pouch: Rabbi Eliezer says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is pure.",
+ "The hand-coverings of thorn-pickers are pure. A belt and leg guards are susceptible to uncleanness. Sleeves are susceptible to uncleanness. But hand-coverings are pure. All finger-coverings are pure except that of fig-pickers, since the latter holds the sumac berries. If it was torn, if it cannot hold the greater part of a sumac berry it is pure.",
+ "A sandal, one of whose holes was broken but was then fixed, retains its midras uncleanness. If a second hole was broken and it was fixed, it is free from midras uncleanness but is unclean from contact with midras. If the second hole was broken before the first could be mended, it is clean. If its heel was torn off, or if its toe-piece was removed, or if it was torn in two, it becomes clean. A heel-less slipper that was torn anywhere becomes clean. A shoe that was damaged becomes clean if it cannot contain the greater part of the foot. A shoe that is still on the last: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is insusceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is susceptible. All water skins whose holes have been tied up are insusceptible to uncleanness, except for Arabian ones. Rabbi Meir says: if they are tied up for a while, they are clean; but if they are tied with a permanent knot they are unclean. Rabbi Yose says: all tied up water skins are clean.",
+ "The following hides are susceptible to midras uncleanness: A hide which he intended to use as a rug, A hide used as an apron, A hide used as the lower covering of a bed, A hide used by a donkey-driver, A hide used by a flax-worker, A hide used by a porter, A hide used by a doctor, A hide used for a crib, A hide put over a child's chest, A hide for a cushion. A hide for a covering. All these are susceptible to midras uncleanness. A hide for wrapping up combed wool and a hide worn by a wool-comber: Rabbi Eliezer says it is susceptible to midras, But the sages say that it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only.",
+ "A bag or wrapper for garments is susceptible to midras. A bag or wrapper for purple wool: Bet Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras, But Bet Hillel says: it is susceptible only to corpse uncleanness. A hide which was made to be a covering for vessels is not susceptible to uncleanness, but for weights it is susceptible. Rabbi Yose says in the name of his father that it is pure.",
+ "Whenever no act is lacking, intention alone causes a vessel to be susceptible to uncleanness, But whenever an act is lacking, intention alone does not render it susceptible to uncleanness, except for a fur cover.",
+ "The hides of a householder become susceptible to uncleanness by intention, but those that belong to a tanner do not become susceptible by mere intention. Those taken by a thief become susceptible by intention, but those taken by a robber do not become susceptible by mere intention. Rabbi Shimon says: the rule is to be reversed; those taken by a robber become susceptible by mere intention, but those taken by a thief do not become susceptible by intention, since in the latter case the owner does not abandon hope for recovery.",
+ "If a hide had contracted midras uncleanness and its owner then intended it to be used for straps or sandals, it becomes clean as soon as he put the knife to it, the words of Rabbi Judah. But the sages say: it does not become clean until he has reduced its size to less than five handbreadths. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: even if one made a napkin from a hide it remains unclean, But if [he made one from] a covering it becomes clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Cloth is susceptible to five categories of uncleanness; Sack-cloth is susceptible to four; Leather to three; Wood to two; And an earthenware vessel to one. An earthenware vessel is susceptible to uncleanness [only] as a receptacle; any earthen vessel that has no inner part is not susceptible to uncleanness from its outer part. Wood is subject to an additional form of uncleanness in that it is also susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. Similarly a tablet which has no rim is susceptible to uncleanness if it is a wooden object and insusceptible if it is an earthenware one. Leather is susceptible to an additional form of uncleanness in that it is also susceptible to the uncleanness of a tent. Sack-cloth has an additional form of uncleanness in that it is susceptible to uncleanness as woven work. Cloth has an additional form of uncleanness in that it is susceptible to uncleanness when it is only three by three fingerbreadths.",
+ "Cloth is susceptible to midras uncleanness when it is three handbreadths by three handbreadths, and to corpse uncleanness when it is three fingerbreadths by three fingerbreadths. Sack-cloth when it is four handbreadths by four handbreadths. Leather, five handbreadths by five handbreadths. And matting, six handbreadths by six handbreadths. [All of these] are equally susceptible to both midras and corpse uncleanness. Rabbi Meir says: what remains of sack-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness if it is four handbreadths, but when in its first condition [it becomes susceptible only after its manufacture] is completed.",
+ "If one made up a piece of material from two handbreadths of cloth and one of sack-cloth, or of three of sack-cloth and one of leather or four of leather and one of matting, it is not susceptible to uncleanness. If the piece of material was made up of five handbreadths of matting and one of leather or four of leather and one of sack-cloth, or three of sack-cloth and one of cloth it is susceptible to uncleanness. This is the general rule: if the material added is subject to greater restrictions it is susceptible to uncleanness, but if the material added was subject to lesser restrictions it is not susceptible.",
+ "If one cut off from any of these a piece one by one handbreadth it is susceptible to uncleanness. [If one cut off a one by one handbreadth piece] from the bottom of a basket it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one cut off from the sides of the basket: Rabbi Shimon says that it is not susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say one who cuts off a square handbreadth from anywhere, it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "Worn-out pieces of a sifter or a sieve that were adapted for use as a seat: Rabbi Akiva rules that they are susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages rule that they are not susceptible unless their rough ends were cut off. A child's stool that has legs, even though it is less than a handbreadth high, is susceptible to uncleanness. A child's shirt: Rabbi Eliezer rules it is susceptible to uncleanness at any size. But the sages rule: it is susceptible only if it is of the prescribed size, and it is measured when doubled over.",
+ "The following are measured when doubled: Felt socks, long stockings, pants, a cap and a money-belt. As regards a patch sewn on the hem, if it was simple it is measured simple, but if it was doubled it is measured when doubled.",
+ "If a piece of cloth was woven to the size of three by three handbreadths, and then it contracted midras uncleanness, and then he completed the rest of the piece, and then one removed a single thread from the original part, it is free from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. If he removed a thread from the original part and then he finished the whole cloth, it is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness.",
+ "Similarly, if a piece of cloth was woven to the size of three [fingerbreadths] square, and it contracted corpse uncleanness, and afterwards he finished the entire piece, and then he removed a single thread from its original part, it is free from corpse uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with corpse uncleanness. If a thread was removed from the original part and then all the cloth was finished it remains clean, for the sages have ruled: if a piece of three [fingerbreadths] square is lessened it becomes clean. But if one of three handbreadths square is lessened, even though it is released from midras, it is still susceptible to all other forms of uncleanness.",
+ "If a sheet that had contracted midras uncleanness was made into a curtain, it is pure from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: but what midras uncleanness has this touched! Only if a zav had touched it is it unclean from contact with a zav.",
+ "If a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square was divided, it is pure from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: but what midras uncleanness has this touched! Only if a zav had touched it is it unclean from contact with a zav.",
+ "If a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square [was found] in a rubbish heap it must be both sound and capable of wrapping up salt; But [if it was found] in the house it need only be either sound or capable of wrapping up salt. How much salt must it be capable of wrapping up? A quarter of a kav. Rabbi Judah says: this refers to fine salt, But the sages stated: it refers to coarse salt. Both intended to be lenient. Rabbi Shimon says: the law concerning a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square found in a rubbish heap is the same as that for a piece of cloth that was three [fingerbreadths] square in a house.",
+ "[A piece of cloth] three [handbreadths] square that was torn: if he put it on a chair, and his skin touches the chair, it is pure; And if not, it remains impure. [A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square one thread of which was worn away, or in which a knot was found, or in which two threads ran alongside each other, is pure. [A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square that was thrown on the rubbish heap becomes pure. If he brought it back, it it becomes susceptible to uncleanness. Throwing it away always renders it pure and taking it back renders it susceptible to uncleanness, except when it is of purple or fine crimson. Rabbi Eliezer says: a patch of new cloth is also subject to the same law. Rabbi Shimon says: all these materials become pure; they were mentioned only in connection with the return of lost property."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square that was stuffed into a ball or was itself made into a ball is clean. But [a piece of cloth] three [handbreadths] square that was stuffed into a ball remains unclean. If he made it into a ball itself, it is clean because the sewing reduces its size.",
+ "[A piece of cloth] less than three [handbreadths] square that was adapted for the purpose of stopping up a hole in a bath house, of emptying a cooking-pot or of wiping with it the mill stones, whether it was or was not kept in readiness for any such use, is susceptible to uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: whether it was or was not kept in readiness it is pure. Rabbi Akiba ruled: if it was kept in readiness it is susceptible, and if it was not kept in readiness it is pure.",
+ "If a bandage is made of cloth or leather it is pure. (Rabbi Yose says: with leather it is pure.) A poultice is pure if it is on cloth, but if on leather it is susceptible. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even if it was on cloth it remains susceptible to uncleanness because it can be shaken off.",
+ "Covers of scrolls, whether they are decorated or not, are susceptible to uncleanness according to the view of Bet Shammai. Bet Hillel says: those that are decorated are pure, but those that are not decorated are susceptible. Rabban Gamaliel says: both the former and the latter are pure.",
+ "If a head-wrap that had contracted midras uncleanness was wrapped around a scroll, it is released from midras uncleanness but it remains susceptible to corpse uncleanness. A skin that was made into a rug or a rug that was made into a skin becomes clean. A skin that was made into a [shepherd's] wallet or a [shepherd's] wallet that was made into a skin; Or a cushion cover that was made into a sheet or a sheet that was made into a cushion cover; Or a sheet cover that was made into a plain sheet or a plain sheet that was made into a sheet cover, remains unclean. This is the general rule: any object that has been changed into one of the same class remains unclean, but if into one of another class it becomes clean.",
+ "If a patch was sewn on to a basket, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness. If it was separated from the basket, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness, but the patch becomes clean. If it was sewn on to cloth it conveys two grades of uncleanness and one of unfitness. If it was separated from the cloth, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness, while the patch conveys two grades of uncleanness and one of unfitness. The same law applies to a patch was sewn on to sacking or leather, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that it is clean. Rabbi Yose says: if [it was sewn] on leather it becomes clean; but if on sacking it remains unclean, since the latter is a woven material.",
+ "The three (fingerbreadths) square of which they have spoken do not include the hem, the words of Rabbi Shimon. But the sages say: exactly three [fingerbreadths] square. If a patch was sewn on to a cloth by one side only, it is not considered as connected. If it was sewn on by two opposite sides, it is considered connected. If it was sewn on the shape of a gamma: Rabbi Akiva says that the cloth is unclean, But the sages say that it is clean. Rabbi Judah stated: When does this apply? To a cloak, but in the case of an undershirt the patch is regarded as connected if it was sewn by its upper side, but if by its lower side it is not connected.",
+ "Poor men's clothes, though made up of pieces none of which is three [fingerbreadths] square are susceptible to midras uncleanness. If a cloak began to be torn, as soon as its greater part is torn [the pieces] are not regarded as connected. Exceptionally thick or thin materials are not governed by the prescribed minimum of three [fingerbreadths] square.",
+ "A porter's pad is susceptible to midras uncleanness. A wine filter is not susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. An old woman's hair-net is susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. A prostitute's shirt which is woven like a net is not susceptible to uncleanness. A garment made of fishing net is not susceptible to uncleanness, but one made of its bag is susceptible. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: if a garment is made out of a fishing net but is made double it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A hair-net that one began to make from its upper hem remains pure until its bottom section is finished. If one began from its bottom section, it remains pure until its hem is finished. Its head band is susceptible to uncleanness in itself. Its strings are susceptible to uncleanness because they are connected. A hair-net that is torn becomes pure if it cannot contain the greater part of the hair."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The fringe strings of a sheet, a scarf, a head-wrap and a felt cap [are regarded as connected] up to a length of six fingerbreadths; Those of an undergarment up to ten [fingerbreadths]. The fringes of a thick wool cloak, a veil, a shirt, or a light cloak [are regarded as connected] up to a length of three fingerbreadths. The fringes of an old woman's head-wrap, of Arabian face wraps, of Cilician goat's-hair clothing, of a money-belt, of a turban or of a curtain are regarded as connected whatever their length may be.",
+ "Three woolen pillow-covers, six linen ones, three sheets, twelve handkerchiefs, two pant-sleeves, one shirt, one cloak, or one winter-cloak, can be regarded as connected in respect of both uncleanness and sprinkling. If they exceed this number they are regarded as connected in respect of uncleanness but not in respect of sprinkling. Rabbi Yose says: not even in respect of uncleanness.",
+ "The string of a [common] plumb-line is regarded as connected up to a length of twelve [cubits]; That of the carpenters’ plumb-line, up to eighteen [cubits]; And that of the builders’ plumb-line up to fifty cubits. The parts that exceed these lengths, even if it was desired to retain them, are pure. The plumb-line of plasterers or moulders is regarded as connected whatsoever its length.",
+ "The cord of the balances of goldsmiths or the weighers of fine purple cloth is regarded as a connective up to a length of three fingerbreadths, The handle of an axe behind the grip, up to a length of three fingerbreadths. Rabbi Yose says: if the length behind the grip is no less than one handbreadth the entire handle is unsusceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "The cord of the balances of shopkeepers or householders is regarded as connected up to a length of one handbreadth. The shaft of an axe in front of the grip, up to one handbreadth. The projection of the shaft of a compass, up to one handbreadth. That of the shaft of the stone-masons’ chisel, one handbreadth.",
+ "The cord of the balances of wool dealers or of glass-weighers is regarded as connected up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of a millstone chisel, up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of the battle-axe of the legions, up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of the goldsmiths’ hammer, up to a length of two handbreadths. And that of the blacksmiths' hammer, up to three handbreadths.",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its upper end is regarded as connected up to a length of four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a spade, to a length of four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a weeding-spade, to five handbreadths. The shaft of a small hammer, to five handbreadths. That of a common hammer, to six handbreadths. The shaft of an axe used for splitting wood or of one used for digging, to six [handbreadths]. The shaft of the stone-trimmers’ axe, up to six handbreadths.",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its lower end is regarded as connected up to a length of seven handbreadths. The shaft of a householders' shovel Bet Shammai says: to a length of seven handbreadths, And Bet Hillel says: eight handbreadths. That of the plasterers: Bet Shammai says: nine handbreadths And Bet Hillel says: ten handbreadths. Any parts exceeding these lengths, if he wanted to retain it, is also susceptible to uncleanness. The shafts of fire instruments are susceptible to uncleanness whatsoever their length."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Glass vessels--those that are flat are pure and those that have receptacles are susceptible. After they are broken they become clean. If he again made vessels of them they become susceptible to uncleanness from that point and onward. A glass tray or a flat dish is pure. If it has a rim it is susceptible. The concave bottom of a glass bowl or plate which was adapted for use is pure. If it was polished or scraped with a file it becomes susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A mirror is pure. A tray that was made into a mirror remains susceptible, but if it was originally made to serve as a mirror it is pure. A large [glass] spoon that has been placed on a table is susceptible to uncleanness if it can hold anything whatsoever. But if it cannot do so: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible, And Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says that it is pure.",
+ "A cup the greater part of which is broken off is pure. If it was broken in three places extending over its greater part it is pure. Rabbi Shimon says: if it lets the greater part of the water leak out it is pure. If a hole appeared in it and it was mended with tin or pitch it is pure. Rabbi Yose says: if with tin it is susceptible to uncleanness, but if with pitch it is pure.",
+ "A small flask whose neck was removed remains susceptible to uncleanness, But a large one whose neck was removed becomes pure. [A small flask] of spikenard oil whose neck was removed becomes pure, since it scratches the hand. Large flagons whose necks were removed remain susceptible to uncleanness, since they are adapted for the use of holding pickled foods. A glass funnel is clean. Rabbi Yose said: Happy are you Kelim; for you began with uncleanness, but you ended with cleanness."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..522983f8ae319deed2080b80b44e06ff7ad44a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
+ "versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "CC0",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "The Origins of impurity: the sheretz [one of eight creeping creatures, whose identities are debated, and whose carcasses transmit ritual impurity upon contact], semen, that which is rendered impure by a dead body, the metzora [victim of a Divinely inflicted skin disease] while he is in his days of counting, a small amount of purifying water that is not enough to perform the sprinkling ceremony - can render persons and vessels impure through touch, and pottery vessels through the air, but they do not render impure when they are carried.",
+ "Higher than these: the nevelah [an animal which died without proper slaughter] and purifying water of which there is enough to perform the sprinkling ceremony, as they render impure a person through carrying and clothing through touch, and without clothes [on an unclothed area of a person], by touch.",
+ "Higher than these: one who has intercourse with a niddah [a woman who is menstruating or has menstruated, but has not yet immersed], for he renders impure the bottom [layer] of what lies beneath him in like degree to the top. Higher than this: the abnormal genital discharge of a zav [man with an abnormal genital discharge], his spittle, his semen, and his urine, and the blood of the menstruant, for they convey impurity both by contact and by carrying. Higher than these: the impurity of a saddle, for it conveys impurity even to what lies beneath a heavy stone. Higher than a saddle: what one lies upon, since contact with it is equal to carrying it. Higher than what one lies upon: a zav; for a zav conveys impurity to what he lies upon, while what he lies upon does not convey the same level of impurity to that upon which it lies.",
+ "Higher than the zav is the zavah [a woman with an abnormal genital discharge], for she conveys impurity to one who has intercourse with her. Higher than the zavah: the metzora, for he renders impure by entering. Higher than the metzora: bone the size of a barley grain, for it coneys seven-day impurity. More severe than all of these: a corpse, for it conveys impurity via overshadowing, which nothing else can do. ",
+ "Ten degrees of impurity are derived from a person: the one whose atonement is incomplete [who has not brought a required sacrifice] is prohibited to eat kodesh [portions of offerings assigned to the priests], but permitted to eat terumah [portion of crops, wine, etc. required to be given to a priest] and ma'aser [tithes]. Should he become a tevul yom [immerses in the day and becomes pure upon nightfall], he is forbidden to eat kodesh and terumah, but permitted to eat ma'aser. Should he have a nocturnal emission, he is prohibited in all three. Should he have intercourse with a niddah, he transmits impurity to the bottom layer lying beneath him as he does to the top. Should he become a zav and has seen two appearances [of discharge], he transmits impurity to the bed and the chair and needs to immerse in running water, but he is exempt from [bringing] an offering. If he sees a third [appearance], he is bound [to bring] an offering. Should he become a quarantined [suspected] metzora, he transmits impurity by entering [a house], but is exempt from loosening [hair], from tearing [of clothing], from shaving, and from the [offering of the] birds. But if he is declared a metzora, he is obligated in all of them. If a limb without enough flesh on it is separated from him, it transmits impurity through contact and through carrying, but it does not transmit impurity in a tent. And if there is enough flesh on it, then it transmits impurity through contact, and through carrying and in the tent. The measure of flesh that is sufficient is enough to bring up a scab. Rabbi Yehuda says, If there is enough [flesh] in one place to surround it with the thread of the woof, it is able to bring up a scab. ",
+ "There are ten degrees of holiness. The land of Israel is holier than any other land. Wherein lies its holiness? In that from it are brought the omer [barley offering brought on the second day of Passover], the first fruits, and the two loaves [offered on Shavuot], which may not be brought from any other land.",
+ "The walled cities are still more holy, in that they must send forth the metzoraim from their midst, and they may carry around a corpse therein as far as necessary, but once it is taken out, they may not bring it back.",
+ "Inside the wall [of Jerusalem] is more holy than these, because there the less holy [offerings] and the second tithe are eaten. The Temple Mount has greater sanctity, because men and women with discharges, menstruating women, and women who have given birth may not enter there. The Cheil [a low fence around the Temple, which served as a boundary, beyond which entry to those impure was prohibited] has higher sanctity, because gentiles and people contaminated with corpse impurity may not enter there. The women's courtyard has higher sanctity, because a tevul yom may not enter there, but they are not liable for a sin offering for doing so. The Israelites' courtyard has higher sanctity, because one who lacks atonement may not enter there, and is liable for a sin offering for doing so. The priests' courtyard has higher sanctity, because the Israelites may not enter there except at the time of their [ritual] requirements: the laying on of hands, the slaughter, and the wave-offering. ",
+ "Between the porch and the altar has still higher sanctity, because [priests] with blemishes and loosened hair may not enter there. The sanctuary has higher sanctity, because no one may enter there who has not washed their hands and feet. The holy of holies has greater sanctity than these, because no one may enter there except the High Priest on the Day of Atonement at the time of the service. Rabbi Yose said: In five ways [the area] between the porch and the altar is equal to the sanctuary because [priests] with blemishes, loosened hair, who have consumed wine, and who have not washed their hands and feet may not enter there, and they separate themselves from between the porch and the altar at the time of [the offering of the] incense. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wooden vessels, leather vessels, bone vessels and glass vessels - their flat surfaces are pure and their concave surfaces are impure. If they break [and are impure], they become pure. If someone went back and made vessels from [the broken pieces], they can be rendered impure from then and onward. Clay vessels and lye vessels are equal in [the manner of their] impurity - they can be rendered and render [objects] impure in its interior space; and render impure by [contact] with its exterior, but do not become impure by [contact] from its outside; and their breaking [if they are impure] is their purification.",
+ "The smaller clay vessels or their bottoms or their sides - [if they] sit upright without something to support them - their measurement [to be eligible for impurity] is enough [to store oil] to smear an infant. [This is in the case that these items only ever had the capacity of] up to a log (about a third of liter); from a log to a seah (slightly over eight liters), [the measurement required for eligibility] is a revi'it (about 86 cubic centimeters); from one seah to two seah, half a log; from two seah to three [or even] to five seah, a log - these are the words of Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Akiva says, \"I do not give them a measurement [to determine what is required for eligibility], but rather the smaller clay vessels or their bottoms or their sides - [if they] sit upright without something to support them - their measurement is enough to smear an infant. [This is in the case that these items were ever only] up to a small pot; from small pots to Lyddean barrels, [the measurement required] is a revi'it; from Lyddean [barrels] to Bethlehemite ones, half a log; from Bethlehemite ones to large vats, a log.\" Rabban Yochanan be Zakkai says, \"The measurement for large vats is two log.\" Gallilean jars and firkins - the [required measurement] of their bottoms is any bit, but they do not have sides [that can become impure by themselves].",
+ "The pure ones (that cannot be rendered impure) among clay vessels are: a tray that does not have a rim; a split poker; a roaster's rack; pipes - even though [they are] bent, [or] even though [they have sections that] accumulate; a cover that is made for a bread basket; jars that are designed [to cover] grapes; a sailor's [floating] barrel; inner barrels at the bottom of the crushing [vats]; a bed; a chair; a bench, a table; a boat; a clay lamp - behold, these are pure. This is the general principle - every clay vessel that does not have an interior does not have an exterior [that can become impure]. ",
+ "A lantern that has a receptacle for oil [can become] impure; and one that does not is pure. A mold of craftsmen - when he begins [his work] with it - it is pure; and when he finishes with it - it [can become] impure. A funnel of homeowners is pure; and of peddlers [can become] impure, because it is [used] for measurement. These are the words of Rabbi Yehuda ben Betira. Rabbi Akiva says, \"Because he leans it on its side and has the customer smell from it.\" ",
+ "The covers of wine jugs and oil jugs and covers of Nurean barrels are pure. But if they are made fit for usage [in their own right], they [can become] impure. A pan cover - when it is perforated or [its back] is pointed - is pure. If it is not perforated and does not have a pointed [back], it [can become] impure, because [a woman] strains the vegetable into it. Rabbi Eliezer bar Tsadok says, \"Because she flips the vegetable concentrate onto it.\" ",
+ "A chipped vessel found in the kiln - until its production is finished - is pure; from when its production is finished - it [can become] impure. A titros (a particular type of perforated vessel) - Rabbi Eliezer bar Tsadok determines it to be pure; Rabbi Yose determines it to be [able to become] impure because it releases [slowly].",
+ "The impure ones (that can be rendered impure) among clay vessels are: a tray with a rim; a full (unsplit) poker; a tray full of pans (connected to it). If one of [the pans] is rendered impure by a crawling creature (sherets), not all of them became impure. If there is surplus to the lid (above the tops of the pans), if one of them became impure, they all became impure. And so [too] a spice-tray of clay and quillsets. And a spice-tray of wood in which one [compartment] became impure from a liquid, its fellow did not become impure. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says, \"We divide its thickness - that [part] which serves the pure is pure and that which serves the impure is impure. If there is a surplus rim - if one [compartment] becomes impure, its fellow becomes impure. ",
+ "A lamphead [can become] impure. And the hollow of a lamp renders [objects] impure in its interior space. The comb of a holding vessel - Rabbi Eliezer determines it to be pure and the sages determine it to be [able to become] impure."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The measure of [a hole in] a clay vessel to make it pure, if it is used for foods, its measure is with olives. If it is used for liquids, its measure is with liquids. If it is used for this [foods] and for that [liquids], they impose the stringent ruling on it, with olives. ",
+ "Concerning a jug, its measure [of a hole large enough to render it ritually pure] is with dried figs, [these are] the words of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Yehudah says, with nuts. Rabbi Meir says, with olives. Concerning a stew pot and a cooking pot, their measure is with olives. Concerning an [oil] cruse and a pitcher, their measure is with oil. Concerning a jug [for oil or wine], its measure is with water. Rabbi Shimon says, concerning these three, [their measure] is with seeds. Concerning a lamp, its measure is with oil. R. Eliezer says \"with a small perutah.\" Concerning a lamp whose spout has been taken, it is clean. And one [made] of clay whose spout is burned by the wick, it is clean. ",
+ "A jug which had a hole which was repaired with pitch, and it was then broken: if there is in the place of the pitch [an area large] enough to hold a revi'it, it is still impure because it did not lose the status of a vessel. If it was made of earthenware and it was pierced and repaired with pitch, even if it holds a revi'it it is pure because it lost the status of a vessel. ",
+ "A jar that is broken, and it is plastered with dung, even if when the dung is removed the shards will fall apart, [can become] impure because it retains the status of a vessel. If it was broken and shards from it are stuck together, or shards are brought from another place and plastered with dung, even if when the dung is removed the shards remain together, it is pure, because it has lost the status of a vessel. If there is a shard that can hold a revi'it, the whole [vessel] is susceptible to impurity by contact, and [what is] opposite from it is made impure through the air. ",
+ "If an intact clay vessel is plastered, Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon [declare] it susceptible to impurity. The Sages say, if an intact clay vessel is plastered, it is not subject to impurity. And an unsound vessel may become impure [if plastered]. And so also for the [clay] lining of a gourd. ",
+ "The pulp used to line large jars is subject to ritual impurity through touch. The stopper of a jar is not [considered] connected [to the jar]. Whatever touches the plaster of the oven [may become] impure. ",
+ "If a vessel for heating water is plastered with potter's clay or kaolin, whatever touches the clay is subject to impurity, but whatever touches the kaolin is not subject to impurity. A kettle that was perforated and repaired with pitch, Rabbi Yose [declares it] pure because it is not able to hold hot water as [it can hold] cold [water]. And so he says with regard to vessels of pitch. Vessels of copper plastered with pitch, they are pure. But if [they are] for wine, they are subject to impurity. ",
+ "A jar which was perforated and repaired with more pitch than needed, whatever touches the [pitch that is] necessary may become impure. [Whatever touches] the extra pitch remains pure. Pitch that drops on a jar, whatever touches it is pure. A funnel [made of] wood or of clay which is plugged with pitch, Rabbi Eliezer ben Azariah declares it subject to become impure. Rabbi Akiva declares it subject to become impure if it is of wood, but not if it is of clay. Rabbi Yose declares both of them pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A piece of pottery, which cannot stand because of its handle or because it has a pointed bottom, is pure [i.e., not susceptible to ritual impurity]. If the handle broke off or the point was broken off, it is pure. Rabbi Yehudah says it is impure [i.e., capable of contracting ritual impurity]. A jug which lost a piece but can still contain with its sides, or became divided like two troughs - Rabbi Yehudah says it is pure, but the Sages say it is impure. ",
+ "A jug which broke and cannot be carried while holding half a kav of dried figs is pure. A defective vessel which cracked and can no longer hold liquids, even though it can still hold food, is pure, because a broken utensil cannot be considered to become further broken. ",
+ "What is considered a defective vessel? Any whose handles were broken off. If it had hollow knobs, if it can hold olives it can become impure by touching and can make things opposite it impure through the air. If it cannot hold olives it can become impure by touching but does not make things opposite it impure. If it was laying on its side like a katedrah chair - if it can hold olives, it can become impure by touching and can make things opposite it impure through the air; if it cannot hold olives, it can become impure by touching but does not make things opposite it impure through the air. The bottom of a pointed vessel and the bottom of Sidonian cups, even though they cannot rest without support, they are impure because they were made this way. ",
+ "An earthenware vessel that has three lips, if the inner one extends, everything is pure; if the outer one extends, everything is impure. If the middle one extends, from it to the inside is impure, and from it to the outside is pure. If they were all even, Rabbi Yehudah says the middle one is divided, but the Sages say the entire vessel is pure. When does an earthenware vessel become susceptible to impurity? When it is fired in the kiln, and this completes its work. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "An oven's minimum size [to be able to become ritually impure] is four tefachim [handbreadths in height] and its remainder [that remains impure when it is broken] is four tefachim; the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages say, this is only true regarding a large oven; regarding a small oven, however, it beginning [point] is any [size] and its remainder is a majority [of its size] once its manufacture has been completed. What is the completion of its manufacture? Once it is kindled enough to bake a sponge cake in it. Rabbi Yehudah says, once it is kindled enough to bake a sponge cake [as] in an old oven.",
+ "A stove's minimum size [to become ritually impure] is three [fingerbreadths in height] and its remainder [that remains impure when it is broken] is three [fingerbreadths , once its manufacture is complete. What is the completion of its manufacture? When it is kindled enough to cook the easiest-cooking of eggs on it, scrambled and placed in a pot. A kupach [small stove or brazier] that is made to bake has the same measurement requirements as an oven. If it was made to cook, its measurement requirements are that of a stove. A stone that protrudes a tefach from the oven or a distance of three fingers from a stove is connected. If it protrudes from a kupach made for baking, the measurement is that of the oven. If from a kupach made to cook, its measurement is that of a stove. Rabbi Yehudah says, they did not say tefach except [when the protrusion is] between the oven and the wall. If there were two ovens next to each other, give each one a tefach and the rest is pure.",
+ "The rim of a stove is pure. The surrounding brickwork of an oven, when it is [at least] four tefachim tall, becomes impure through [an impure object's] touch or through [the object] in its air[space]. Less than this, it is pure. If it is attached [to the oven], even if on three stones, it is impure. The holder for an oil jug, the holder for a spicebox or the holder of a light on a stove, become impure through [an impure object's] contact [with the stove] but are not impure through its air[space]. These are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yishmael says they are pure.",
+ "An oven that was heated from its outside, or that was that was heated without intent to complete it, or that was heated [while still] in the craftsman's house, is susceptible to impurity. There was a story that a fire fell on the ovens of Kfar Signa, and the story came to Yavneh, and Raban Gamliel ruled them susceptible to impurity.",
+ "The extension on a householder's oven [a thick rim on top] is pure. But that of a baker's oven is impure because he rests a spit on it. Rabbi Yochanan Hasandlar says: [It is impure] because he bakes with it [by placing dough on the inside of the rim] when he is pressured. Similarly, the extension of an olive cooker's cauldron is impure. But that of a dyer's cauldron is pure.",
+ "An oven half filled with earth - the part from the earth downwards contracts impurity by contact; the part from the earth upwards contracts impurity [also] from its air-space. If the oven is placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar and a stone is placed at its side: Rabbi Yehudah says: if when heated from below it becomes also heated above it is susceptible to impurity. But the Sages say: since it was heated in any case it is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "An oven which contracted impurity - how is it purified? It is divided into three parts and the plastering is scraped off so that [the oven] touches the ground. Rabbi Meir says: it is not necessary to scrape off the plastering nor is it necessary for [the oven] to touch the ground. Rather he reduces it within to a height of less than four tefachim. Rabbi Shimon says: it must be moved [from its position]. If it is divided into two parts, one large and the other small, the larger remains impure and the smaller becomes pure. If it is divided into three parts one of which was as big as the other two together, the big one remains impure and the two small ones become pure. ",
+ "If [the oven] is cut up by its width into rings that are each less than four tefachim in height, it is pure. If it is subsequently plastered over with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that is enough for baking sponge cakes. If he distanced the plastering, and he put sand or gravel between it and the oven sides — of such an oven they said, \"A menstruant as well as a ritually pure woman may bake in it and it remains ritually pure.\" ",
+ "An oven which came cut up in sections from the craftsman's house and hoops are made for it and put on it, is pure. If it contracts impurity, and then the hoops are removed, it is pure. If he put them back on, it remains pure. If it is plastered with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity, and there is no need to heat it since it was once heated. ",
+ "If an oven is cut into rings, and sand is placed between the rings, Rabbi Eliezer says it is pure. But the sages say it is susceptible to impurity. This is the oven of Akhnai. Arabian vats, which are holes dug in the ground and plastered with clay - if the plastering can stand by itself it is susceptible to impurity; otherwise, it is not susceptible. This is the oven of Ben Dinai. ",
+ "An oven of stone or of metal is pure [according to the rules applied to ovens], but [the metal one] is subject to impurity as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it, or if it was damaged or cracked, and lined with plaster or with a rim of clay, it is subject to impurity. What must be the size of the hole [for it to be pure]? It must be big enough for the flame to come through. The same applies also to a stove: a stove of stone or of metal is not subject to impurity [according to the laws for a stove]. But [the metal one] is subject to impurity as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it or if it was damaged or cracked but he made props for it, it is impure. If he lined it with clay, whether inside or outside, it remains pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: if [the lining was] inside, it is subject to impurity; but if outside, it remains pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who puts three props into the ground and joins them [to the ground] with clay so that he can set a pot on them, [the structure] is susceptible to impurity. If he set three nails in the ground so that he could set a pot on them, even though he made a place on the top for the pot to rest, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity. One who makes a stove of two stones, and joins them [to the ground] with clay, it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yehudah says it is not susceptible to impurity unless he makes a third stone or he places it against a wall. If one stone [was joined] with clay and the other was not joined with clay, it is not susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A stone on which he placed [a pot] on it and on an oven, or on it and on a double stove, or on it and on a stove, is susceptible to impurity. [If he set the pot] on it and on another stone, on it and on a rock, or on it and on a wall, it is not susceptible to impurity. And such was the stove of the Nazirites in Jerusalem which was set up against a rock. The stove of the butchers: when the stones are placed side by side, if one of the stoves contracted impurity, the others do not become impure. ",
+ "Three stones on which two ovens are made: if one of the outer ones became impure, the half of the middle one that serves the impure one is impure, but the [half of it] that serves the pure one remains pure. If he removed the pure one, the middle one is completely transferred to the impure one. If he removed the impure one, the middle one is completely transferred to the pure one. If the two outer ones become impure, if the middle stone was large, one outer stone is assigned a part of it that suffices for the support of a pot and the other outer stone a part of it that suffices for the support of a pot, and the remainder is pure. But if it was small, all of it is impure. If he removes the middle stone, if he can set a big pot on it [the stove], they [the outer stones] are impure. If he put it back, they all are pure. If he plastered it [the middle stone] with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of an egg. ",
+ "Two stones upon which a stove is made that become impure: if he put a stone near the outer side of the one and another stone near the outer side of the other, [the inner half] of each [of the inner stones] remains impure while [the outer] half of each [of these stones] is pure. If he removed the pure stones, the others return to their impurity. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "The fire-basket of a householder which was decreased in size to less than three tefachim is susceptible to impurity, because when it is heated from below a pot above would still boil. If [it was decreased in size] further, it is not susceptible to impurity. If [subsequently] a stone or gravel was put into it, it is still not susceptible to impurity. If it was plastered over with clay, it may contract impurity from that point onward. This was Rabbi Yehudah's reply regarding the oven that was placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar. ",
+ "A hob that has a receptacle for pots is not subject to impurity under the laws of a stove, but subject to impurity as a receptacle. Whatever touches its sides does not become impure under the laws of a stove. Its wide side: Rabbi Meir holds it to be pure, but Rabbi Yehudah holds it to be impure. The same law applies also when one turns over a basket and makes a stove upon it. ",
+ "A double stove which was split into two parts along its length is not subject to impurity. [If it is split along] its breadth, it is subject to impurity. A one-pot stove which was split into two parts, by its length or by its width, is not susceptible to impurity. The extension around a stove, whenever it is three finger-breadths high, contracts impurity by contact and also through its air-space, but if it is less than this it contracts impurity through contact and not through its air-space. How do they determine the air-space ? Rabbi Yishmael says: He puts a spit from above to below and through that distance it contracts impurity through the air-space. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya'acov says: If the stove contracted impurity, the extension is also impure, but if the extension becomes impure, the stove does not become impure. ",
+ "If it [the extension] was detached from the stove, if it is three finger-breadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space; if it was lower or if it was smooth, it is not subject to impurity. If the clay tripod of a stove is three finger-breadths high, it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space. If it is lower, all the more so does it contract impurity, even if [its props] were four in number. ",
+ "If he removed one of them [i.e. the props of the tripod], the remaining ones contract impurity by contact but not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are not subject to impurity. If he made two props, one opposite the other, they contract impurity by contact and through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are pure. If they were more than three finger-breadths high, the parts that are three finger-breadths high and below contract impurity by contact and through air-space, but the parts that are more than three finger-breadths high contract impurity by contact and not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are pure. If they extend beyond the rim [of the stove], the parts which are within three finger-breadths [of the rim] contract impurity by contact and through air-space, and those parts that extend out more than three finger-breadths contract impurity by contact but not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are pure. ",
+ "How do they measure them [the three finger-breadths at issue]? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: he puts the measuring-rod between them, from the measuring-rod and outwards is pure; from the measuring-rod and inwards, including the place of the measuring-rod itself, is impure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "An oven which they partitioned with boards or hangings, and in it was found a sheretz [one of a number of species of reptiles and rodents] in one compartment, the entire oven is impure. If a hive is broken and its gap stopped up with straw, and it was suspended within the air-space of an oven while a sheretz was within it [the hive], the oven becomes impure. If a sheretz was within the oven, any food within the hive becomes impure. But Rabbi Eliezer says that it is pure. Rabbi Eliezer said: If it affords protection in the case of a corpse, which is more consequential, should it not afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel, which is less consequential? They said to him: If it affords protection in the case of a corpse, it is because tents may be divided; should it also afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel, which may not be divided? ",
+ "If the hive was complete, and so too in the case of a basket or a skin-bottle, and a sheretz was within it, the oven remains pure. If the sheretz was in the oven, any food in the hive remains pure. If a hole was made in it: A vessel that is used for food must have a hole large enough for olives to fall through. If it is used for liquids the hole must be large enough for liquids to pass through it. And if it is used for either, they place upon it the greater restriction: the hole need only be large enough for liquids to pass through it. ",
+ "Netting placed over the mouth of an oven and slightly sinking into it, and having no frame: If a sheretz was in it, the oven becomes impure; if the sheretz was in the oven, the food in the netting becomes impure, since only vessels afford protection against an impurity in an earthen vessel. If a barrel full of pure liquids is placed beneath the bottom of an oven, and a sheretz is in the oven – the barrel and the liquids remain pure. If it was inverted, with its mouth over the air-space of the oven, and a sheretz was in the oven, the liquid that clings to the sides of the barrel remains pure. ",
+ "A pot which was placed in an oven—if a sheretz was in the oven, the pot remains pure, since an earthenware vessel does not impart impurity to vessels. If it contained dripping liquid, it [the liquid] contracts impurity and the pot also becomes impure. It is as if this one says, \"That which made you unclean did not make me unclean, but you have made me unclean.\" ",
+ "If a rooster swallowed a sheretz and fell within the air-space of an oven, the oven remains pure. If the rooster died, the oven becomes impure. If a sheretz was found in an oven, any bread in it contracts second degree impurity since the oven is of the first degree. ",
+ "If a leavening pot with a tightly fitting lid was put in an oven, and there was some leaven and a sheretz within the pot, but there was a partition of inedible bread between them, the oven is impure but the leaven is pure. But if there was an olive's bulk of a corpse [in the pot] both the oven and the house are impure, but the leaven remains pure. If in the partition [in the leaven pot] there was an opening of one handbreadth, all become impure. ",
+ "If a sheretz was found in the eye-hole of an oven or of a double stove or of a single stove: If it was outside the inner edge, [the oven or stove] is pure. If it [the oven] was in the open air, even if it was an olive's bulk of corpse, it is pure. If there was [in the eye-hole] an opening of one handbreadth, it is all impure. ",
+ "If [a sheretz] was found in the [place in a stove] where wood is put - Rabbi Yehudah says: If it was within the outer edge, [the stove] becomes impure. But the Sages say: If it was outside the inner edge [the stove] remains pure. Rabbi Yose says: If it was found beneath the spot where the pot is placed and inwards, [the stove] becomes impure, but if it is beneath the spot where the pot is set and outwards, it remains pure. If it was found on the place where the bath-keeper sits, or where the dyer sits, or where the olive-boilers sit, [the stove] remains pure. It only becomes impure when [the sheretz] is found in the enclosed part and inwards. ",
+ "A pit [smelting furnace] which has a place on which a pot may be set is subject to ritual impurity. And so also an oven of glass-blowers, if it has a place on which a pot may be set, it is subject to impurity. The furnace of lime-burners, or of glaziers, or of potters is not subject to impurity. A large oven: If it has a rim, it is subject to impurity. Rabbi Yehudah says: If it has coverings. Rabban Gamliel says: if it has edges. ",
+ "If a person who came in contact with one who has contracted corpse impurity had food or liquids in his mouth, and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was pure, they cause the oven to become impure. If a person who was ritually pure had food or liquids in his mouth, and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was impure, [the food and drink] become impure. If a person was eating a pressed fig with impure hands, and he put his hand into his mouth to remove a small stone: Rabbi Meir declares [the fig] to be impure. But Rabbi Yehudah declares it pure. Rabbi Yose says: If he turned it over [in his mouth] it [the fig] is impure, but if he did not turn it over [the fig] is pure. If the person had a coin in his mouth, Rabbi Yose says: if he kept it there to relieve his thirst, it becomes impure. ",
+ "If [an impure] woman had milk dripping from her breasts, and it fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven becomes impure, since a liquid conveys impurity regardless of whether one wanted it there or not. If she was sweeping [the oven] out, and a thorn pricked her and she bled, or if she burnt herself and put her finger into her mouth, the oven becomes impure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A needle or a ring which was found in the floor of an oven, and they can be seen but do not protrude into the oven - if one bakes dough and it touches them, [the oven] is impure. Regarding which dough did they speak? With regard to ordinary dough. If they are found in the plaster of an oven with a tightly fitting lid: If [the oven is] impure, they are impure; if [the oven is] pure, they are pure. If they are found in the stopper of a jar: If on the sides, they are impure. If opposite the mouth, they are pure. If they can be seen in it, but they do not enter its airspace, they are pure. If they sink into it, and there is [plaster] underneath them as thick as garlic peel, they are pure. ",
+ "A jar that was full of pure liquids, with a siphon in it, and it had a tightly fitting cover and it was in a tent in which there was a corpse: Beit Shammai says: Both the jar and the liquids are pure, but the siphon is impure. And Beit Hillel says: The siphon also is clean. Beit Hillel reversed its position and ruled in agreement with Beit Shammai. ",
+ "If a sheretz [one of a number of small creatures which transmit impurity] is found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains pure, for I can say that it fell there while it was still alive and that it died only now. If a needle or a ring is found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains pure, for I can say that they were there before the oven arrived. If they were found in the wood ashes, the oven is impure since there is nothing upon which to base an assumption [of purity]. ",
+ "If a sponge absorbed impure liquids and its outer surface became dry, and it fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven is impure, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to a piece of turnip or reed grass. Rabbi Shimon declares [the oven] pure in both these cases. ",
+ "If potsherds that had been used for unclean liquids fell into the air-space of an oven, if the oven was heated, it becomes impure, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to fresh olive pomace, but if it was old, the oven remains pure. If it was known that liquid comes out, even after three years, the oven becomes impure. ",
+ "If olive or grape pomace was prepared in purity, and unclean persons trod upon them and afterwards liquids came out from them, they remain pure, since they had originally been prepared in conditions of purity. A spindle hook which was sunk into the spindle, or the iron point into the ox goad, or a ring into a brick, and all these were pure, and then they went into a tent in which there was a corpse, they become impure. If a zav [male suffering from abnormal genital discharge] shifted them they become impure. If they then fell into the air-space of a clean oven, they cause it to be impure. If a loaf of terumah bread [made from the priest's portion, which must remain ritually pure] came in contact with them, it remains pure. ",
+ "If netting was placed over the mouth of an oven, forming a tightly fitting lid, and a split appeared between the oven and the netting, the minimum size [to allow impurity to enter] is that of the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that cannot actually enter it. Rabbi Yehudah says: [Even if it] can enter. If the netting was split, the minimum size is the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can enter it. Rabbi Yehudah says: [Even if it] cannot enter. If the split was round they do not regard it as straight, and still the minimum size must be the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can actually enter. ",
+ "If an oven has a hole made in its \"eye\", the minimum size [for it to leave the category of being tightly closed] is the circumference of a spindle staff that can enter and come out while burning [without being extinguished]. Rabbi Yehudah says: [Even if it] cannot burn. If the hole was at its side, the minimum size must be that of the circumference of a spindle staff that can enter and come out while it is not burning. Rabbi Judah says: While burning. Rabbi Shimon says: if the hole is in the middle its size must be large enough so that it can actually enter, but if it was at the side it need not be able to actually enter. And similarly he used to say concerning the stopper of a jar which was pierced: The minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in a rye stalk. If the hole was in the middle the stalk must be able to enter, and if at the side it need not be able to enter. And similarly he used to say concerning large stone jars whose stoppers became pierced. The minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in a reed. If the hole was in the middle the reed must be able to enter it, and if it was at the side the reed need not be able to enter it. When is this so? When the jars were made for wine, but if they were made for other liquids, if they have even the smallest hole, they are impure. When is this so? When the holes were not made by a person, but if they were made by a person, if they have even the smallest hole, they are impure. If [a different vessel] was pierced [the rule to render it not tightly covered] is as follows: If the vessel was used for food, [the hole] must be large enough to let olives fall out; if for liquids, [a hole] that lets out liquids; if for both, they impose the greater restriction, that for a tightly fitting cover, [the size of the hole need only be] one that admits a liquid. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following vessels protect their contents when they have a tightly fitting cover: those made of cattle dung, of stone, of clay, of earthenware, of sodium carbonate, of the bones of a fish or of its skin, or of the bones of any animal of the sea or of its skin, and wooden vessels that not subject to impurity. They protect whether [the covers close] their mouths or their sides, whether they stand on their bottoms or lean on their sides. If they were turned over with their mouths downwards they afford protection to all that is beneath them to the deep. Rabbi Eliezer declares this impure. These protect everything, except that an earthen vessel protects only foods, liquids and earthen vessels. ",
+ "How do they tightly fit the cover? With lime or gypsum, pitch or wax, mud or excrement, crude clay or potter's clay, or any substance that is used for plastering. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with tin or with lead because though it is a covering, it is not tightly fitting. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with swollen fig-cakes or with dough that was kneaded with fruit juice, since it might cause it to become unfit. If he did make a tightly fitting cover [from such material] it protects. ",
+ "A stopper of a jar that is loose but does not fall out: Rabbi Yehudah says: it protects. But the Sages say: it does not protect. If its finger-hold was sunk within the jar and a sheretz was in it, the jar becomes unclean. If the sheretz was in the jar, any food in it becomes unclean. ",
+ "A ball or coil of reed grass which was placed over the mouth of a jar: if its sides were plastered, it does not protect unless it was also plastered above and below. The same is true with regard to a patch of cloth. If it was of paper or leather and bound with a cord - if he plastered it from the sides, it protects. ",
+ "A jar whose outer layer had been peeled off but its pitch [lining] remained intact, or also pots of fish brine which were sealed up with gypsum at a level with the brim: Rabbi Yehudah says: they do not protect. But the Sages say: they do protect. ",
+ "A jar which had a hole in it and wine lees stopped it up, they protect it. If he stopped it up with a vine shoot [it does not protect] until he plasters it at the sides. If there were two vine shoots, [it does not protect] unless he plastered it at the sides and also between the one shoot and the other. If a planed board was placed over the mouth of an oven, it protects if he plastered it at the sides. If there were two planed boards [it does not protect] unless he plastered at the sides and also between the one board and the other. If they were fastened together with pegs or with bamboo joints there is no need for them to be plastered in the middle. ",
+ "If an old oven was within a new one, and netting was over the mouth of the old [some versions: new] one: If removing the old one would cause the netting to drop, all of it it is impure; but if not, it is all pure. If a new oven was within an old one and netting was over the mouth of the old one: If there was not a tefach of space between the new oven and the netting, all the contents of the new one are pure. ",
+ "[Earthenware] pans one placed within the other and their rims were on the same level, and there was a sheretz in the upper one or in the lower one, that pan alone becomes impure but all the others remain pure. If [they were perforated] to the extent of admitting a liquid, and the sheretz was in the uppermost one, all become impure. If in the lowest one, that one is impure while the others remain pure. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, both are impure [and any between them are pure]. If the sheretz was in the uppermost and the lowest projected above it, any that have liquid enough to wet a hand in them become impure."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Metal vessels, whether they are simple or form a receptacle, are susceptible to impurity. If they break, they become clean. If they were re-made into vessels, they revert to their former impurity. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: this does not apply to every form of impurity but only to that contracted from a corpse. ",
+ "Every metal vessel that has a name of its own is susceptible to impurity, except for a door, a bolt, a lock, a socket under a hinge, a hinge, a clapper, and the [threshold] groove under a door post, since these are intended to be attached to the ground. ",
+ "One who makes vessels from iron ore, from smelted iron, from the hoop of a wheel, from sheets, from plating, from the bases, rims or handles of vessels, from chippings or filings, they are pure. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: even from those made of pieces of vessels. From pieces of vessels, from pieces of old vessels, or from nails that were known to have been made from vessels, are impure. From ordinary nails: Beit Shammai says: they are impure; and Beit Hillel says that they are pure. ",
+ "Ritually impure iron which was smelted together with pure iron: if the greater part was from the impure iron, [the vessel made from the mixture] is impure; if the greater part was from the pure [iron], [the vessel is] pure. If each was half, it is impure. The same law also applies to a mixture of cement and cattle dung. A door bolt is susceptible to impurity, but [one of wood] that is covered with metal is not susceptible to impurity. The clutch and the crosspiece [of a lock] are susceptible to impurity. A door-bolt: Rabbi Yehoshua says: he may remove it from one door and hang it on another on Shabbat. Rabbi Tarfon says: it is to him like all other vessels and it may be carried about in a courtyard. ",
+ "The scorpion [-shaped] bit of a bridle is susceptible to impurity, but the cheek-pieces are not susceptible. Rabbi Eliezer declares the cheek-pieces susceptible to impurity. But the Sages say that only the scorpion-bit is susceptible to impurity. And when they are joined together it is all susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A metal spindle-knob: Rabbi Akiva declares it susceptible to impurity, but the Sages declare it not susceptible. If it was only plated [with metal] it is pure. A spindle, a distaff, a rod, a double flute and a pipe: if they are of metal they are susceptible to impurity, but if they are only plated [with metal] they are pure. A double flute: if it has a receptacle for the wings it is susceptible to impurity in either case. ",
+ "A curved horn is susceptible to impurity but a straight one is not susceptible to impurity. If its mouthpiece was covered with metal it is impure. If its broad side [is covered with metal]: Rabbi Tarfon says it is susceptible to impurity, but the Sages say it is not susceptible to impurity. When they are joined together it is all susceptible to impurity. Similarly: the branches of a candlestick are not susceptible to impurity, but the cups and the base are susceptible to impurity. When they are joined together it is all susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A helmet is susceptible to impurity but the cheek-pieces are not susceptible. But if they have a receptacle for water they are susceptible to impurity. All weapons of war are susceptible to impurity: a javelin, a spear-head, metal boots, and a breastplate are susceptible to impurity. All women's ornaments are susceptible to impurity: a \"city of gold\" [a kind of tiara], a necklace, earrings, finger-rings, a ring whether it has a seal or does not have a seal, and nose-rings. A necklace which has metal beads on a thread of flax or wool and the thread broke, the beads are still susceptible to impurity, since each one is a vessel in itself. A thread of metal and the beads were of precious stones or pearls or glass, and the beads were broken while the thread alone remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. The remnants of a necklace [are susceptible] as long as there is enough for the neck of a little girl. Rabbi Eliezer says: even if only one ring remained it is susceptible, for they hang it around the neck. ",
+ "If an earring was shaped like a pot at its bottom and like a lentil at the top and it fell apart, the pot-shaped section is susceptible to impurity because it is a receptacle, while the lentil shaped section is susceptible to impurity in itself. The hook is pure. If it was in the shape of a cluster of grapes and it fell apart, they are pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A ring for a person is susceptible to impurity. A ring for cattle or for vessels and all other rings are not susceptible to impurity. A beam for arrows is susceptible to impurity, but one for prisoners is pure. A prisoner's collar is susceptible to impurity. A chain that has a lock-piece is susceptible to impurity. But that used for tying up cattle is pure. The chain used by wholesalers is susceptible to impurity. That used by householders is pure. Rabbi Yose said: When is this so? When it comes from one door, but when it comes from two doors or if it had a snail[-shaped] piece at its end, it is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "If one purchases the scales of wool-dealers, they are subject to impurity, because of the hooks. Of householders, if they have hooks, they are impure. Carriers' hooks are pure. Of merchants, impure. Rabbi Yehudah says, [hooks] of merchants, what is before him is impure, and what is behind him is pure. The hooks of a footstool are impure. Of poles on a bedstead, pure. Of a strongbox, impure. Of a reed-basket, pure. Of a table, impure. Of a wooden lamp, pure. This is the rule: All [hooks] that are attached to something subject to impurity are also subject to impurity. All [hooks] that are attached to something not subject to impurity are also not subject to impurity. All [hooks] that are [detached so that] each one is by itself, are pure.",
+ "The metal cover of a householder's box: Rabban Gamliel declares it impure, and the Sages declare it pure. [Covers of boxes] belonging to doctors are impure. The door to a cabinet: belonging to householders, pure. Belonging to doctors, impure. Potholders are impure. Bars of a grate are pure. The iron-shod press beam of an olive press is impure. Hooks that are in the wall are pure.",
+ "A blood letter's lancet is impure. The style of a sundial is pure. Rabbi Zadok declares it impure. The pin of a weaver is impure. The chest of grist-makers: Rabbi Zadok declares it impure and the Sages declare it pure. If its wagon is made of metal, it is impure.",
+ "A pin that was prepared to be used [as a key] to open and shut is impure. One that is made for guarding is pure. A pin that was prepared to open a jug: Rabbi Akiva declares it impure and the Sages declare it pure, unless they are attached. The pin of a money changer is pure; Rabbi Zadok declares it impure. Three things Rabbi Zadok declares impure that the Sages declare pure: The pin of a money changer, the chest of grist-makers, and the style of a sundial; Rabbi Zadok declares them impure and the Sages declare them pure. ",
+ "Four things Rabban Gamliel declares impure that the Sages declare pure: The metal cover of a householder's box, the hooked handle of a scraper, unfinished metal utensils, and a plank that has split in two. The Sages agree with Rabban Gamliel on a plank split in two, one [part] large and one small, that the large is impure and the small is pure.",
+ "An invalid dinar that was prepared to be hung around a child's neck is impure. So too, an invalid sela that was prepared to be used as a weight is impure. How much can be invalid and be permissible to use? Up until [a] two dinar [coin]. Less than that, it should be cut up.",
+ "The pen-knife, the writing pen, the plumb-line, the plummet, the tool for crowding olives into a vat, the ruler, and the base of the scale are impure. All unfinished wooden instruments are impure except those made of [wood of] the boxwood tree. Rabbi Yehudah says, even one made of an olive shoot is pure until it is trimmed."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The sword, the knife, the dagger, the spear, the hand sickle, the grain sickle, the hair-pincers, the pair of scissors that were separated - these are subject to impurity. Rabbi Yosi says: [the portion] close to the hand is impure; [the portion] close to the head is pure. Scissors that have been separated in two - Rabbi Yehuda declares them impure, but the Sages declare them pure.",
+ "A koligrifon [tool with one end for placing bread into, and removing it from, the oven, and the other end for raking coals] whose spoon has been removed is susceptible to impurity on account of its teeth [of the rake end]. If its teeth have been removed, it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A mikchol [used for cleaning out ears and applying eye makeup] whose spoon is missing is susceptible to impurity on account of its point; if its point was missing, it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A stylus whose writing point is missing is susceptible to impurity on account of its eraser; if its eraser is missing, it is susceptible on account of its writing point. A zoma listra [kitchen tool with a ladle at one end and fork at the other] whose ladle is removed is susceptible to impurity on account of its fork; if its fork is missing, it is susceptible on account of its ladle. So too with regard to the prong of a mattock. The minimum for all these instruments [to render them subject to ritual impurity]: so long as they can perform their usual work. ",
+ "A coulter [of a plow] that is damaged is susceptible to impurity until its greater part is removed. But if its shaft-socket is broken it is pure. A hatchet whose cutting edge is lost is susceptible to impurity on account of its splitting edge. If its splitting edge is removed, it remains susceptible on account of its cutting edge. If its shaft-socket is broken it is pure. ",
+ "An ash-rake whose shovel end was removed is susceptible to impurity, since it is like a hammer: the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages declare it pure. A saw missing every other tooth is pure. But if a m'lo hasit [distance between the splayed thumb and forefinger] of consecutive teeth remained, it is susceptible to impurity. An adze, scalpel, plane, or drill that was damaged is susceptible to impurity. If its steel edge was missing it is clean. In all these cases if it was split into two, both [parts] remain susceptible to impurity, except for the drill. The block of a plane by itself is pure. ",
+ "A needle whose eye or point was removed is pure. If he fixed it for stretching [a garment] it is susceptible to impurity. A pack-[needle] whose eye was removed is still susceptible to impurity since one writes with it. If its point was removed it is pure. A stretching-pin is in either case susceptible to impurity. A needle that has become rusty: If the rust blocks it from sewing it is pure, but if not it remains susceptible to impurity. A hook that was straightened out is pure; if it is bent back it resumes its susceptibility to impurity. ",
+ "Wood that serves a metal vessel is susceptible to impurity, but metal that serves a wooden vessel is pure. How so? If a lock is of wood and its clutches are of metal, even if only one of them is so, it is susceptible to impurity; but if the lock is of metal and its clutches are of wood, it is pure. If a ring was of metal and its seal of coral, it is susceptible to impurity; but if the ring was of coral and its seal of metal, it is pure. The tooth in the plate of a lock or in a key is susceptible to impurity by itself. ",
+ "Ashkelon grappling-irons which broke, but their hooks remained, are susceptible to impurity. If a pitch-fork, winnowing-fan, or rake, and similarly a hair-comb, lost one of its teeth and it was replaced by one of metal, it is susceptible to impurity. And concerning all these Rabbi Yehoshua said: The scribes have here introduced a new principle of law, and I have no explanation to offer. ",
+ "A flax-comb whose teeth were removed but two remained is still susceptible to impurity. If only one [remained] it is pure. As regards all the teeth, each one individually is susceptible to impurity. A wool-comb: if one tooth out of every two was removed it is pure. If three consecutive teeth remained, it is susceptible to impurity. If the outermost tooth was one of them, [the comb] is pure. If two teeth were removed from the comb and made into a pair of tweezers, they are susceptible to impurity. Even if one [was removed] but it was fixed it to be used for a lamp or as a stretching-pin, it is susceptible to impurity. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "[Broken] metal vessels: what is the minimum size of [for them to be susceptible to impurity]? A bucket - large enough to draw water with it. A kettle - large enough so that water can be heated in it. A boiler - large enough to hold selaim [coins]. A cauldron - large enough to hold jugs. Jugs - large enough to hold perutot [small coins]. Wine-measures - [large enough to hold] wine, and oil-measures - [large enough to hold] oil. Rabbi Eliezer says: for all these, large enough to hold perutot. Rabbi Akiva says: a vessel that lacks trimming its edges is susceptible to impurity, but one that lacks polishing is pure. ",
+ "A staff that he attached to its end a pin like an adze is susceptible to impurity. If he studded it with nails it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon says: [it is not subject] until he makes three rows. In all cases if he put them in as ornamentation the staff is pure. If he made a tube on its end, and so also in the case of a door, it is pure. If it was once an independent vessel and then it was fixed to the staff, it remains susceptible to impurity. When does it become pure? Beit Shammai says: when it is damaged; Bet Hillel says: when it is joined on. ",
+ "A builder's staff and a carpenter's axe are susceptible to impurity. Tent-pegs and surveyors’ pegs are susceptible to impurity. A surveyor's chain is susceptible to impurity. One used for wood is clean. The chain of a big bucket [is susceptible to impurity to a length of] four tefachim [handbreadths], and that of a small one [to a length of] ten tefachim. A blacksmith's stand is susceptible to impurity. A saw whose teeth he made in a hole susceptible to impurity. If he made them from below upwards it is pure. All covers are pure except that of a boiler.",
+ "The parts of a wagon that are susceptible to impurity: the metal yoke, the cross-bar, the side-pieces that hold the straps, the iron bar under the necks of the cattle, the pole-pin, the neck-chain, the trays, the clapper, the hook, and any nail that holds any of its parts together.",
+ "The parts of a wagon not subject to impurity: the yoke that is plated [with metal], side-pieces made for ornamentation, tubes that make noise, the lead at the side of the necks of the cattle, the rim of the wheel, the plates and mountings, and all other nails, all of these are pure. Metal shoes for cattle are susceptible to impurity but those made of cork are pure. A sword: when does it become susceptible to impurity? When it has been polished. And a knife? When it has been sharpened. ",
+ "A metal basket-cover which he made into a mirror: Rabbi Yehudah rules that it is pure, but the Sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. A broken mirror: if it does not reflect the greater part of the face, it is pure. ",
+ "Metal vessels become impure and are purified even when broken: the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yehoshua says: they can be made pure only when they are whole. How so? If he sprinkled upon them [the purifying water made with ashes of the red heifer] and on the same day they were broken, and then they were recast, and he sprinkled upon them again on the same day, they are pure, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yehoshua says: there can be no effective sprinkling except on the third and the seventh day. ",
+ "A knee-shaped key that was broken off at the knee is pure. Rabbi Yehudah declares it impure because he can open with it from within. A gamma-shaped [key] that was broken off at its gamma (shorter) arm is pure. If it had the teeth and the gaps it remains impure. If the teeth were removed it is still impure on account of the gaps; if the gaps were blocked up it is impure on account of the teeth. If the teeth were removed and the gaps were blocked up, or if they were merged into one another, it is pure. A mustard-strainer in which three holes opened up in its bottom, and they merged into one another, is pure. And a metal mill-funnel is impure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Wooden vessels, leather vessels, bone vessels or glass vessels: those that are simple are clean and those that have a receptacle are susceptible to impurity. If they are broken they become pure again. If he remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity from that point on. A chest, a box, a cupboard, a straw basket, a reed basket, or the tank of an Alexandrian ship, that have flat bottoms and can hold a minimum of forty se'ah in liquid measure, which is equivalent to two kor in dry measure, are pure. All other vessels, whether they can contain the minimum or cannot contain it, are susceptible to impurity: the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says: the large barrel [fixed to] a wagon, the food chests of kings, the tanners trough, the tank of a small ship, and an ark, even though they are able to contain [the minimum], are susceptible to impurity, since they were made to be moved around only with their contents. As to all other vessels, those that can contain [the minimum] are pure and those that cannot contain it are susceptible to impurity. There is no difference between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehudah except a baking trough which belongs to a householder. ",
+ "Bakers’ baking-boards are susceptible to impurity, but those of householders are clean. If he dyed them red or saffron they are susceptible to impurity. A bakers’ shelf which was fixed to a wall: Rabbi Eliezer rules that it is pure, and the Sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. The bakers' frame is susceptible to impurity but one used by a householder is pure. If he made a rim for it on four sides it is susceptible to impurity. If one side was opened it is pure. Rabbi Shimon says: if he fixed it so that he could cut dough on it, it is susceptible to impurity. Similarly, a rolling-pin is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "The container of the flour-dealers’ sifter is susceptible to impurity, but the one of a householder is pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: also one that is used by a hair braider is susceptible to seat impurity, since girls sit in it and have their hair braided. ",
+ "All hangers are susceptible to impurity, except for a hanger used for a sifter or a sieve that belong to householders: the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: all hangers are clean, except for a hanger used for a sifter of flour-dealers, a hanger used for a sieve used on threshing-floors, a hanger used for a hand-sickle and a hanger for a constable's staff, since they aid when the instrument is in use. This is the general rule: [a hanger] that is made to aid when the instrument is in use is susceptible to impurity and one made only for hanging is pure. ",
+ "The grist-dealers’ shovel is susceptible to impurity. The one used in grain stores is pure. The one used in wine-presses is susceptible to impurity. The one used on threshing- floors is clean. This is the general rule: [a shovel] that is intended to hold anything is susceptible to impurity but one intended only to gather together is pure. ",
+ "Ordinary harps are susceptible to impurity, but the harps of the Levites are pure. All liquids are susceptible to impurity, but the liquids in the [Temple] slaughtering house are clean. All sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls] convey impurity to the hands, except the scroll [kept in] the Temple courtyard. A wooden toy horse is clean. The belly-lute, the donkey-shaped musical instrument and the erus [a musical instrument used at weddings and funerals] are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: the erus is susceptible to sitting impurity since the wailer sits on it. A weasel-trap is susceptible to impurity, but a [trap] for mice is pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden vessel that was broken into two becomes clean, except for a folding table, a dish with compartments for [different kinds of] food, and a householder's footstool. Rabbi Yehudah says: also a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are the same. When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity? A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fish skin. If the owner determined not to sand them they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed [becomes susceptible to impurity] when he knits three rows of meshes.",
+ "Wooden baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as he rounds their rims and smooths the edges. But those that are made of palm-branches [become susceptible to impurity] even though their ends were not smoothed off on the inside, since they leave them like this. A basket [of reed-grass becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as he rounds its rims and smooths the edges, and finishes its hanger. A wicker basket for flasks or for cups [is susceptible to impurity] even if he did not smooth the rough ends on the inside, since they leave them like this. ",
+ "Small reed baskets and baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as he rounds off their rims and smooths their rough ends. Large reed baskets and large hampers, as soon he makes two rows for their wide sides. The container of a sifter or a sieve and a cup of the balances, as soon as he makes one circling band for their wide sides. A willow basket, as soon as he makes two twists around its wide sides. And a rush sieve basket, as soon as he makes one twist around it. ",
+ "When do leather vessels become susceptible to impurity? A leather pouch, as soon as he stitches its hem, and smooths its rough ends and makes its straps. Rabbi Yehudah says: so soon as he makes its ears. A leather apron [becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as he stitches its hem, and smooths its rough ends and makes its strings. Rabbi Yehudah says: as soon as he makes its loops. A leather bed cover [becomes susceptible] as soon as he stitches its hem and smooths its rough ends. Rabbi Yehudah says: as soon as he makes its straps. A leather cushion or mattress [becomes susceptible] as soon as he stitches its hem and smooths its rough ends. Rabbi Yehudah says: as soon as he sews it up and leaves open less than five tefachim. ",
+ "A basket [for figs] is susceptible to impurity, but a basket for wheat is not susceptible. Small baskets made of leaves are pure, but those made of branches are susceptible to impurity. The palm wrapping [in which dates are left] and into which they can be easily put and from which they can easily be taken out is susceptible to impurity, but if this cannot be done without tearing it or untying it, it is pure. ",
+ "The leather glove of winnowers, of travelers, or of flax workers is susceptible to impurity. But the one for dyers or blacksmiths is pure. Rabbi Yose says: the same applies to the glove of grist dealers. This is the general rule: that which is made for receiving anything is susceptible to impurity, but that which only offers protection against perspiration is pure. ",
+ "The dung bag of a bull, its muzzle, the bottom board of a beehive, and a fan are pure. The cover of a small box is susceptible to impurity; the cover of a clothes chest is pure. The cover of a box, the cover of a basket, a carpenter's vice, a cushion under a box or its arched cover, a reading-desk for a book, a bolt-socket, a lock-socket, a mezuzah case, a lyre case, a violin case, the block of the turban-makers, a wooden musical toy horse, the clappers of a wailing woman, a poor man's parasol, bed posts, a tefillin mold, and the mold of string makers — all these are pure. This is the general rule, Rabbi Yose said: all objects that serve as a protection to objects that a person uses, both when they are being used and when they are not being used, are susceptible to impurity; but those that [serve them as a protection] only when they are in use are pure. ",
+ "The sheath of a sword, a knife or a dagger, the case for scissors, or shears or a razor, the case for make-up and the make-up box, the stylus case, the compass case, the tablet case, the case for a board, a quiver and a javelin case — all these are susceptible to impurity. The case for a double flute is susceptible to impurity if the instrument is put in from above, but if it is put in from the side it is pure. A case for flutes—Rabbi Yehudah declares it is pure because he puts it in from the side. The covering of a club, a bow or a spear are all pure. This is the general rule: that which serves as a case is susceptible to impurity, but that which is a covering is pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "All vessels [of wood, leather or bone] that belong to householders [become pure if they become pierced with holes] the size of pomegranates. Rabbi Eliezer says: [the size of the required hole depends] on what it is used for. Gardeners’ vegetable baskets [become pure if the holes in them are] the size of bundles of vegetables. Baskets of householders [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of [bundles] of straws. Those of bath-keepers, if bundles of chaff [will drop through]. Rabbi Yehoshua says: in all these the size is that of pomegranates. ",
+ "A skin bottle [becomes clean if the holes in it are of] a size through which warp-stoppers [can fall out]. If a warp-stopper cannot be held in, but it can still hold a woof-stopper, it remains impure. A dish holder that cannot hold dishes but can still hold trays remains impure. A chamber-pot that cannot hold liquids but can still hold excrement remains impure. Rabban Gamliel declares it pure since people do not usually keep one that is in such a condition. ",
+ "Bread-baskets [become pure if] the size [of their hole is such] that loaves of bread [would fall through]. Papyrus frames into which he inserted reeds from the bottom upwards to strengthen them, are pure. If he made walls for them, they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon says: if it cannot be lifted up by these walls it is pure. ",
+ "The pomegranates of which they have spoken--three attached to one another. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: in a sifter or a sieve [the size of the hole must be such that a pomegranate will drop out] when one picks it up and walks about with it. In a basket it must be such [as would allow a pomegranate] to fall through while he hangs it behind him. And all other vessels which cannot hold pomegranates as, for instance, the quarter kav measure and the half quarter kav measure, and small baskets, the size [of their holes must be] such as would extend over the greater part of them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says: [the size of their hole must be such that] olives [could fall through]. If their sides were broken [the size of their hole must be] such as olives would drop through. If they are worn away the size must be such as would allow the objects which are usually kept in them [to drop through]. ",
+ "The pomegranate that is spoken of is neither small nor big, but medium-sized. Why is a Badan pomegranate mentioned? Because they consecrate [i.e., if they are orlah they forbid a mixture to which they are added] even with the smallest amount, these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says, to measure the utensils with them. Rabbi Akiva says, they were mentioned for both reasons, to measure the utensils with them and because they consecrate even with the smallest amount. Rabbi Yose said, Badan pomegranates and Geba leeks were only mentioned because they need to be tithed with certainty in every case [e.g., when bought from amei ha'aretz]. ",
+ "[The measurement of] the egg that was mentioned is neither large nor small, but medium-sized. Rabbi Yehudah says, Bring the biggest of the big and the smallest of the small, put them in water, and divide the water [that is displaced]. Rabbi Yose said, Who will tell me which is big and which is small? Rather, it is according to the understanding of the observer. ",
+ "[The measurement of] the dried fig that was mentioned is neither large nor small, but medium-sized. Rabbi Yehudah says, The biggest in the land of Israel is the medium-sized of other lands.",
+ "[The measurement of] the olive that was mentioned is neither large and not small, but medium-sized; this is the egori [olive]. The barley-grain that was mentioned is not large and not small, but medium-sized; this is midbarit [barley]. The lentil that was mentioned is neither large nor small, but medium-sized; this is the Egyptian [lentil]. All movable goods impart impurity [by forming a \"tent\" over a dead body and other items] if they are the thickness of a shepherd's staff - neither large nor small, but average. What is average? Any which has a circumference of a tefach. ",
+ "The amah [cubit] that was mentioned is an average amah, and two amah measures were at the Shushan Habirah [area of the Temple], one in the northeastern corner and one in the southeastern corner. The one which was in the northeastern corner was greater than that of Moses by half a fingerbreadth. The one that was in the southeastern corner was greater than it by half a fingerbreadth; therefore, it is greater than that of Moses by a fingerbreadth. And why did they say [there must be] one large and one small? So that the workmen could take according to the small and return according to the large, so that they would not misappropriate consecrated goods. ",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: all amot were of the medium length except for that of the golden altar, [and] the horns, the surround and the base [of the copper altar]. Rabbi Yehudah says: the cubit used for building was one of six tefachim and that for the vessels was of five tefachim. ",
+ "And sometimes they stated a smaller measure: Liquid and dry measures were measured with the Italian standard which was the one that was used in the wilderness. Sometimes they stated [a measure] according to the individual concerned: One who takes the handful of a grain offering; one who takes both hands full of incense; one who drinks a cheekful on Yom Kippur; and the two meals for an eruv: food for the weekday and not Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says: for Shabbat but not for the weekday. And both intended to give the more lenient ruling. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made of a kav [of flour]. Rabbi Yochanan ben Beroka says: a loaf that is purchased for a pundion [when the price of wheat] is four se'ah for a sela. ",
+ "And sometimes they stated a large measure: A ladleful of corpse mold refers to the big ladle of doctors; the split bean in the case of skin disease refers to the Cilician kind; one who eats on Yom Kippur a quantity of the bulk of a large date, refers to the size of the date and its pit; in the case of skins of wine and oil [the holes] must be as big as their large stopper; in the case of a hole for light that was not made by human hands, the minimum size of it is that of a large fist, referring to the fist of Ben Batiah. Rabbi Yose said: And it is as big as a large human head. And in the case of one made by human hands, the prescribed size is that of the large drill in the Temple chamber, which is the size of the Italian pundion, or the Neronian sela, or like the hole in a yoke. ",
+ "Anything that lives in the sea is pure, except the sea-dog, because it seeks refuge on dry land: the words of Rabbi Akiva. If one made vessels from what grows in the sea and joined to them anything that grows on land, even if only a thread or a cord, if it is susceptible to impurity, they are impure. ",
+ "There are things that were created on the first day that are susceptible to impurity. On the second day, nothing created is susceptible to impurity. On the third day, there are things susceptible to impurity. On the fourth day and on the fifth day, nothing created is susceptible to impurity except for the wing of the vulture or an ostrich-egg that is plated. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: Why should the wing of a vulture be different from all other wings? Anything created on the sixth day is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "If one makes a receptacle, whatever its size it is susceptible to impurity. If one makes a couch or a bed, whatever its purpose it is susceptible to impurity. If one makes a wallet from untanned hide or from papyrus, it is susceptible to impurity. A pomegranate, an acorn or a nut which children hollowed out to measure dust, or fixed into a pair of scales, are susceptible to impurity, since the children did the act without intention [to fix the scales to the ground]. ",
+ "An arm of a scale or the leveling-rod that has a compartment in it for metal, and the yoke that has a compartment in it for money, and a poor person's cane that has a compartment in it for water, and a walking stick that has a compartment in it for a mezuzah or pearls - these are susceptible to impurity. And about all of these Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai said, \"Woe is me if I speak! Woe is me if I do not speak!\"",
+ "The base of the goldsmiths’ anvil is susceptible to impurity, but that of the blacksmiths is pure. A sharpening-board which has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to impurity, but one that has none is pure. A writing-tablet that has a receptacle for wax is susceptible to impurity, but one that has none is pure. A straw mat or a tube of straw: Rabbi Akiva declares it is susceptible to impurity, but Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri declares it pure. Rabbi Shimon says: the hollow stalk of colocynth is subject to the same law. A mat of reeds or rushes is pure. A reed-tube that he cut for receiving anything remains pure until he removes all the pith. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden chest: Beit Shammai says: it is measured on the inside; and Beit Hillel says: it is measured on the outside. Both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are not measured. Rabbi Yose says: both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are measured but the space between them is not measured. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: if the legs are one handbreadth high the space between them is not measured, and if not, [the space is] measured. ",
+ "Its carriage: if it can be slipped off, it is not regarded as connected, nor is it included in its measurement, nor does it afford protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, nor may it be dragged on Shabbat when there is money in it. If it cannot be slipped off, it is regarded as connected, it is included in its measurement, it affords protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, and it may be dragged on Shabbat even if it contains money. Its arched top, if it is fixed [to the box], is considered connected and is measured with it, but if it is not fixed it is not connected and is not measured with it. How is it measured? By triangulating with a string. Rabbi Yehudah says: if it cannot stand by itself it is pure. ",
+ "A chest, a box or a cupboard from which one of the legs was removed, even though it is still capable of holding [things], it is pure, as it cannot hold [things] in the usual manner. Rabbi Yose says: it is susceptible to impurity. The poles of a bed, its base, and [its] covering are pure. Only the bed itself and its frame are susceptible to impurity. The bed frames of the Levites are pure. ",
+ "A bed frame that is put on props: Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehudah say it is susceptible to impurity, but Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon say that it is pure. Rabbi Yose said: Why is this different from the bed frames of the Levites, which are pure? ",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras impurity [transmitted by sitting]: If a short side was removed and its two legs it is impure. But if a long side and two legs were removed it becomes pure. Rabbi Nehemiah says: it is impure. If he chopped off two props at opposite corners, or if he chopped off two legs at opposite corners, or if he reduced the bed to less than a tefach [handbreadth] high, it becomes pure. ",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras impurity: If the long side of it was broken and then he repaired it, it still retains its midras impurity. If the second side was also broken and then he repaired it, it becomes purified from midras impurity, but is impure due to contact with [an object impure through] midras. If he did not have a chance to repair the first side before the second side broke, the bed becomes pure. ",
+ "If a [bed] leg that had contracted midras impurity is attached to a bed, all the bed contracts midras impurity. If he removed [the leg], it retains its midras impurity, while the bed is [impure due to] contact with [an object impure through] midras. If a bed leg that was subject to a seven-day impurity [through exposure to a corpse] was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts seven-day impurity. If he removed it, it retains its seven-day impurity, while the bed is only subject to evening impurity. If a leg that was subject to evening impurity was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts evening impurity. If he subsequently removed it, it is still subject to evening impurity, and the bed becomes pure. The same law applies also to the prong of a mattock. ",
+ "A tefillin box [worn on the head] consisting of four compartments: if he removed the first compartment, and then he affixed [another], it retains its corpse impurity, and so too with the second and the third [compartments]. If he removed the fourth [compartment], it becomes purified from corpse impurity, but it remains impure from contact with [an object impure through] corpse impurity. If he went back to the first compartment and removed it and affixed [another], it remains impure from contact [with an object impure through corpse impurity]. So too with the second [compartment]. If he then removed the third compartment and affixed [another], it becomes pure, since the fourth was impure from contact, and what is impure from contact cannot convey impurity by contact. ",
+ "A bed, half of which was stolen or lost, or one which brothers or joint owners divided, becomes pure. If it is restored [to its former state], it is susceptible to impurity from that point onward. A bed may contract impurity when all its parts are bound together and be purified [through immersion in a mikveh in that state], the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But the sages say: it contracts impurity in its individual parts, and must be purified [by immersing] its individual parts. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who takes apart a bed in order to immerse it and [while doing so] touches the ropes remains pure. The rope: when does it begin to be considered connected with the bed? Once he knots three rows of meshes. And [if another rope was tied to this one] and a person touches it: If from the knot inwards, he becomes impure, but if from the knot outwards, he remains pure. As to the loose ends of the knot, one who touches that part which is needed for [the knot] becomes impure. And how much is needed for it? Rabbi Yehudah says: three fingerbreadths. ",
+ "A rope that hangs out from a bed: If it is shorter than five tefachim [handbreadths], it is pure; if it is from five to ten tefachim long, it is impure. From ten tefachim and longer, it is pure, for it is with [this rope] that they tie paschal lambs [to the bed, to control them until Pesah], and lower down beds. ",
+ "A mattress strap that hangs over the bed [is impure] whatever its length; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: up to ten tefachim. The remnant of a mattress strap remains unclean if the length is at least seven tefachim, enough to make a donkey's saddle girth. ",
+ "If he carried a zav [a male with an abnormal genital discharge] on a bed [with] its mattress strap, [the latter] causes impurity [onward] to the second degree and unfitness [onward] to the first degree; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: if he carried a zav on a bed with its mattress strap, [if its length is up to] ten tefachim it causes impurity to the second degree and unfitness to the first degree, but if it is over ten tefachim, it causes only impurity to the first degree and unfitness to the first degree. If he carried [a zav] on the mattress strap [but the zav did not touch the actual bed], [if the strap is] shorter than ten tefachim, it becomes impure, but if it was longer than ten tefachim, it remains pure. ",
+ "If a bed had midras impurity and one wrapped a mattress strap around it, the whole becomes impure through midras impurity. If he removed it, the bed remains impure through midras impurity, but the mattress strap is impure only from contact with midras impurity. If it had seven-day impurity [from exposure to a corpse] and one wrapped a mattress strap around it, the whole becomes impure from seven-day impurity. If he removed it, the bed remains impure through seven-day impurity, but the mattress strap is impure [only] until the evening. If the bed was impure until evening, and he wrapped a mattress strap around it, the whole becomes impure until evening. If he removed it, the bed remains impure until evening, but the mattress strap becomes pure. ",
+ "If he wrapped a mattress strap around a bed, and a corpse touched them, they become impure from seven-day impurity. If they are taken apart, they are still impure from seven-day impurity. If a sheretz [one of a number of creeping creatures mentioned in the Torah as causing impurity] touched them, they are impure until evening. If they are taken apart, they are still impure until evening. If a bed [which is impure] has its two longer sides removed, and two new ones made for it, but its original sockets were not changed - if the new sides become broken, the bed remains impure, but if the old ones were broken, it becomes pure, since everything depends on the old ones. ",
+ "A box whose opening is at the top is susceptible to corpse impurity. If it was damaged above, it is still susceptible to corpse impurity. If it was damaged below, it becomes pure. The compartments within it remain impure, and are not regarded as connected to it. ",
+ "A shepherd's bag whose pocket was damaged, [the pocket] within it retains its impurity and [the set of pouches within] is not regarded as connected to it. If a skin vessel has scrotal sacs that serve also as receptacles and they were damaged, they become pure, since they will no longer serve their original purpose.",
+ "A box whose opening is at its side is susceptible to both midras impurity and corpse impurity. Rabbi Yose said: When does this apply? When it is less than ten tefachim in height or when it does not have a rim one tefach deep. If it was damaged above, it is still susceptible to corpse impurity. If it was damaged below: Rabbi Meir declares it susceptible to impurity. But the Sages declare it pure, because if its primary function is annulled, the secondary one is also annulled. ",
+ "A dung-basket that was damaged so that it will not hold pomegranates: Rabbi Meir declares it susceptible to impurity, but the Sages say that it is pure, because if its primary function is annulled, the secondary one is also annulled. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Pillows, bed coverings, sacks and packing cases that were damaged are still susceptible to midras impurity [transmitted by sitting or lying]. A fodder-bag that can hold four kav, a shepherd's bag that can hold five kav, a traveling bag that can hold a se'ah, a skin that can hold seven kav, Rabbi Yehudah adds: also a spice-bag, and a food wallet that can hold the smallest quantity are susceptible to midras impurity. If any of them was damaged it becomes pure, since if the primary function is annulled, the secondary function is also annulled. ",
+ "A bagpipe is not susceptible to midras impurity. A trough for mixing mortar: Beit Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras impurity, and Beit Hillel says it is susceptible to corpse impurity [only]. A trough that can hold two log to nine kav which becomes split, becomes susceptible to midras impurity. If he left it out in the rain and it became damaged, it is susceptible to corpse impurity [only]. [If he left it out] during the east wind and it split, it is susceptible to midras impurity. This is a stringency in the case of remnants of wooden vessels [that is more severe] than [that of such vessels] in their original condition. There is also a stringency in regard to the remnants of wicker vessels [that is more severe] than [to such vessels] in their original condition, for when they are in their original condition they are not susceptible to impurity until their rim is finished, but after their rim has been finished, even though their edges fell away leaving only the smallest amount, they are susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A stick which was made into a handle for a hatchet is regarded as connected for [purposes of susceptibility to] impurity at the time of use. A yarn winder is regarded as connected for [purposes of susceptibility to] impurity at the time of its use. If he fixed it to a pole, it is susceptible to impurity, but it is not considered connected to [the pole]. If he made the pole itself into a yarn winder, only that part which is needed for use is susceptible to impurity. A seat that he fixed to a pole is susceptible to impurity, but it is not regarded as connected to [the pole]. If he made the pole itself into a seat, only the place of the seat is susceptible to impurity. [If he fixed a seat] to the beam of an olive-press, it is susceptible to impurity, but it is not regarded as connected to [the beam]. If he made the end of a beam into a seat it remains pure, because people would say to him, \"Get up and let us do our work.\" ",
+ "A large trough, which was so damaged that it could no longer hold pomegranates, and which he repaired it to be used as a seat: Rabbi Akiva declares it susceptible to impurity, but the Sages declare it pure until he trims it. If he made it into a feeding bowl for cattle, even if he fixed it to a wall, it is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A wood block that he fixed to a row on a wall, whether he fixed it and did not built upon it, or built upon it but did not fix it, is susceptible to impurity. If he fixed it and also built upon it, it is pure. Matting that he spread over roof-beams, whether he fixed it but did not put on the plasterwork, or whether he put on the plasterwork but did not fix it, is susceptible to impurity. If he fixed it and he laid plasterwork over it, it is pure. A dish that he fixed to a chest, box or cupboard: If [he did so] so that it holds [its contents] in the usual way, it is susceptible to impurity, but if it cannot hold [its contents] in the usual way, it is pure. ",
+ "A sheet that is susceptible to impurity by midras and is used as a curtain is not susceptible to midras impurity, but it is susceptible to corpse impurity. When is it not susceptible to [midras impurity]? Beit Shammai says, when it is torn. Beit Hillel says, when it is tied. Rabbi Akiva says, when it is hung.",
+ "A mat in which reeds are run lengthwise is not susceptible to impurity. The Sages say, only if they are in the form of [the Greek letter] chi. If they were run through its width and there were not four tefachim [handbreadths] between each reed, it is not susceptible to impurity. If it were divided along its width, Rabbi Yehuda [says] it is not susceptible to impurity. So, too, if the end knots [of reed matting] are untied, it is not susceptible to impurity. If it were divided along its length, and three knots of six tefachim were left on it, it is susceptible to impurity. A mat - when does it become susceptible to impurity? When it is trimmed, as this completes its production."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who touches the upper beam [of a loom], the lower beam, the heddles, the warp fringe, the thread that they draw over the purple material, or thread on the shuttle which will not be woven in, remains pure. [If he touches] the woof, the standing warp, the double thread that is drawn over purple material or thread on the shuttle that will be woven in, he becomes impure. One who touches the wool that is on the distaff, or on the spool, he remains pure. If he touches the spindle's coil: Before it was uncovered he is impure; after it was uncovered he remains pure. ",
+ "One who touches the yoke, the crossbar, the collar-piece, or the thick ropes, even when they are being used, he remains pure. If he touched the handle, knee beam or cross-piece, he becomes impure. [If he touched] the metal rings, the guides, or the mouldboards, he becomes unclean. Rabbi Yehudah says that he remains clean if he touched the guides since they are only made to pierce the soil. ",
+ "One who touches the handle of a saw at this end or that end becomes impure; [If he touched] its string, cord, cross-piece or side-pieces, a carpenter's vise, or the bow-handle of a bow-drill, he remains pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: also one who touches the frame of a large saw remains pure. One who touches the bow-string or the bow, even though it was stretched, he remains pure. A mole-trap is pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: as long as it is stretched, the separate parts are [regarded as] connected. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a table or a side-board was damaged, or he covered them with marble but room was left for cups to be set, it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yehudah ruled: [if he left] room enough for pieces of food.",
+ "A table one of whose legs was removed is not susceptible to impurity. If a second leg was removed it is still pure. But if a third was removed it becomes susceptible to impurity when the owner has the intention of using it. Rabbi Yose says: no intention is necessary. The same applies also to the side-board.",
+ "A bench, one of whose legs was removed, is not susceptible to impurity. If its second leg also was removed it is still pure. If it was one tefach [handbreadth] high, it is impure. A footstool, one of whose legs was removed, is impure. The same applies to the chair in front of a cathedra. ",
+ "A bridal chair whose seat has been removed: Beit Shammai rules that it still susceptible to impurity, and Bet Hillel rules that it is not susceptible. Shammai rules: even the frame of the chair is susceptible to impurity. A stool which was fixed to a kneading-trough - Beit Shammai rules that it susceptible to impurity, and Beit Hillel rules that it is pure. Shammai rules: even one made [in this way originally] is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A chair whose seat boards did not project, and then were removed, is still susceptible to impurity, for it is usual to turn it on its side and to sit on it.",
+ "A chair whose middle seat board was removed, but the outer ones remained, is still susceptible to impurity. If the outer ones were removed and the middle seat board remained, it is also susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon says: only if it was a tefach wide.",
+ "A chair from which two adjoining seat boards were removed - Rabbi Akiva says: it is susceptible to impurity; and the Sages say that it is pure. Rabbi Yehudah said: so too the seat boards of a bride's chair which were removed and a receptacle remained - it is clean, because when the primary function is annulled, the secondary one is also annulled. ",
+ "A chest whose top part was removed is still susceptible to impurity on account of its bottom; if its bottom was removed, it is still susceptible to impurity on account of its top part. If both the top part and the bottom part were removed: Rabbi Yehudah says that it is susceptible to impurity on account of its sides; but the Sages rule that it is pure. A stonecutter's seat is subject to midras impurity [transmitted by sitting or lying]. ",
+ "A [wooden] block which was painted red or saffron, or was polished: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to impurity, but the Sages say that it remains pure until he carves out [a seat]. A small basket or a large one that was filled with straw or other soft material, [even] if he set it up to be a seat, remains pure. But if he plaited it over with reed-grass or with a cord, it becomes susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "A toilet is subject to both midras and corpse impurity. If it was taken apart, the leather is subject to midras impurity, but the iron is subject [only] to corpse impurity. A folding stool whose seat covering is of leather is subject to both midras and corpse impurity. If it was taken apart, the leather is subject to midras impurity, while the stool is altogether pure. Benches in the bathhouse that have two wooden legs are susceptible to impurity. If one leg was of wood and the other of stone, it is pure. Boards in a bath-house which he joined together: Rabbi Akiva says that they are susceptible to [midras] impurity; but the Sages say that they are pure, since they are made only for the water to flow under them. A fumigation-cage that contains a receptacle for garments is susceptible to impurity, but one that is made like a bee-hive is pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "A ball, a mold, an amulet or tefillin which were torn [after becoming impure]: one that touches them becomes impure, but one that touches what is inside them remains pure. A saddle which was torn: one that touches its contents becomes impure, because the stitching joins them. ",
+ "The following are susceptible to impurity as objects that are fit for riding upon: an Ashkelonian saddle, a Medean saddle, a camel's cushion, and a horse-cloth. Rabbi Yose says: a horse-cloth is susceptible to impurity as a seat, since people stand on it in the arena. But a saddle of a camel is susceptible to [sitting] impurity. ",
+ "What is the practical difference between [the uncleanness of an object used for] riding upon and [one used for] sitting upon? [An object] ridden upon has a distinction between contact with it and carrying it, but in the case of [an object that is] sat upon, there is no difference between contact with it and carrying it. The pack-frame of a donkey on which he sat is pure, but if he changed the size of the spaces or if they have been broken one into another, it is susceptible to impurity. ",
+ "The bier, the mattress and the pillow of a corpse are susceptible to midras uncleanness [transmitted by sitting or lying]. A bridal chair, a birthing stool, and a launderer's stool on which he piles the clothes: Rabbi Yose says: they are not regarded as a seat. ",
+ "A fishing net is susceptible to uncleanness on account of its bag. Nets, snares, bird-traps, slings and fishermen's skeins are susceptible to impurity. A fish-trap, a bird-basket and a bird-cage are not susceptible to impurity. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are three types of shields [with regard to purity status]: a rounded shield is susceptible to midras impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain types of impure individuals, rendering something an Origin of impurity]; and one that is sported with in the arena is susceptible to corpse impurity; and the Arabian toy shield is pure from all [types of impurities]. ",
+ "There are three types of wagons: one fashioned like a cathedra [i.e. shorter, and with walls on its sides] is susceptible to midras impurity; [one fashioned] like a bed [i.e. longer] is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one for [transporting] stones is pure from all [types of impurities]. ",
+ "There are three types of troughs: a trough [which can hold] between two log [a specific unit of volume] to nine kav [a larger unit of volume, four times the size of a log] which is cracked is susceptible to midras impurity; [a trough that size which is] whole is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one that holds a [sufficiently great] measure is pure from all [types of impurities]. ",
+ "There are three types of chests: a chest which has its opening is on its side is susceptible to midras impurity; [one which has its opening] on its top it is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one that holds a [sufficiently great] measure is pure from all [types of impurities]. ",
+ "There are three types of leather covers: one used by barbers [for their customers to sit upon] is susceptible to midras impurity; one which people eat upon is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one which is for [spreading out] olives is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of bases [i.e. small tables]: that which is [used as a footrest] before a bed or before scholars is susceptible to midras impurity; that which is of a serving table [i.e. nested below it, for bringing out foods] is susceptible to corpse impurity; and that which is [used as the base] of a tower [i.e. a tall cabinet resembling a tower] is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of notebooks: an afiforin [a large writing tablet which can be folded and used as a chair] is susceptible to midras impurity; and one that has a hollowed space to hold wax [which can then be carved into] is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one which is flat [and written upon with ink or charcoal, not wax] is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of beds: one made for lying upon is susceptible to midras impurity; one used by glass makers is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one used by weavers is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of baskets: one which is for fertilizer is susceptible to midras impurity; one which is for straw is susceptible to corpse impurity; and a camel's rope bag is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of mats: one made for sitting upon is susceptible to midras impurity; one belonging to dyers is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one used in wine-presses is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of water skins and three types of pouches: those which can hold the prescribed measure are susceptible to midras uncleanness; those which cannot hold the prescribed measure are susceptible to corpse impurity; and that which is made of fish hide is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of hides: one made to be a rug is susceptible to midras impurity; [one made] to be a wrapping for vessels is susceptible to corpse impurity; and that which is to be [cut into strips and] used for straps or for sandals is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of sheets: one made for lying upon is susceptible to midras impurity; [one made] to be a curtain is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one with designs is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of kerchiefs: one used for [wiping] hands is susceptible to midras impurity; one used for [wrapping] sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls]is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one used as a shroud or for [wrapping] the harps of the Levites is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of mitts: one used by hunters of [wild] animals and fowl is susceptible to midras impurity; one used by [hunters of] locusts is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one used by fig-driers is pure from all [types of impurities].",
+ "There are three types of hairnets: one belonging to a girl is susceptible to midras impurity; one belonging to an old woman's is susceptible to corpse impurity; and one of a woman who goes out is pure from all [types of impurities]. ",
+ "There are three different types of containers: a worn-out basket which one patched onto a sound one follows after [the purity status of] the sound one; a small one [patched] onto a large follows after [the purity status] the large one; those [baskets, patched onto each another] which are equal [in size] follow after the inner one. Rabbi Shimon says: Regarding an [impure] cup of a scale which one patched onto the bottom of a boiler, if [it was patched] from the inside, it [i.e. even the boiler] is impure; if from the outside, it is pure; if one patched it from the side, whether on the inside or on the outside, it is pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "All vessels have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides, for instance: cushions, and blankets, and sacks, and packing-bags, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: anything which has loops [through which to thread a drawstring] has [such a distinction, with regard to purity status, between its] outsides and insides; but any which does not have loops, does not have [such a distinction between its] outsides and insides. A table and a serving table have [such a distinction between their] outsides and insides, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have outsides [i.e. they have no such distinction]. And similarly regarding a board that has no rim.",
+ "An cattle-prod has [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between its] outsides and insides: the seven [handbreadths] from the spade [attached to the back end of the prod, are considered to be the outside], and the four [handbreadths] from [the pointed end of] the prod [are considered to be the inside], according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have [such a distinction]; the four and the seven were only mentioned for the purposes of remnants [i.e. if it breaks, these are measures of how much must remain in order for it to still be considered an implement, for purity purposes]. ",
+ "Measuring cups for wine or oil, and a fork-ladle, and a mustard-strainer, and a wine-filter all have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] insides and outsides, according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: they do not have [such a distinction]. Rabbi Shimon says: they do have [such a distinction], for if they are rendered impure from their outsides, that which is inside them is pure; and one is required to immerse [the vessel in its entirety, in order to purity it]. ",
+ "Regarding a [vessel which has two sections in which can be measured a] rova [a specific measure of volume, a quarter of a log] and a half rova, if the rova [section] was rendered impure, the half rova [section] is not rendered impure; if the half rova was rendered impure, the rova is not rendered impure. They [i.e. the students] said before Rabbi Akiva, \"Since the half rova is the outside of the rova, should not the outside of a vessel whose inside was rendered impure [thereby also] be rendered impure?\" He said to them, \"Is it surely of the former category? Or perhaps the rova is the outside of the half rova, and regarding a vessel the outsides of which were rendered impure, its insides are not rendered impure!\"",
+ "If the [inside of the] rova [measure] was rendered impure, the rova and its outsides are impure, [and] the half rova and its outsides are pure. If the [inside of the] half rova was rendered impure, the half rova and its outsides are impure, [and] the rova and its outsides are pure. If the outsides of the rova were rendered impure, the outsides of the half rova are pure, according to Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say: the outer sides cannot be divided [in purity status]. And when one immerses it [for purification], he must immerse it in its entirety. ",
+ "Regarding the bases of vessels, and their rims, and their hangers, and the handles of vessels that can contain [thnig], if [impure] liquids fell onto them, one may dry them and they are pure. And regarding all remaining vessels, which cannot [even] hold pomegranates, which do not have [a distinction between their] insides and outsides, if [impure] liquids fell on a part of it, it is rendered impure in its entirety. If the outsides of a vessel were rendered impure by liquids, its outsides are impure; its insides, its rim, its hanger, and its handle are pure. If its inside was rendered impure, it is impure in its entirety.",
+ "All vessels have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides and a [similar distinction for their] holding-place. Rabbi Tarfon says: [this is the case] regarding a trough. Rabbi Akiva says: regarding cups. Rabbi Meir says: [the distinction of a holding-place was only said] regarding impure and pure hands. Rabbi Yose says: they said this only regarding pure hands.",
+ "How so? If one's hands were pure, and the outsides of a cup were impure, one who grasps it by its holding-place need not be concerned that his hands may have been rendered impure by the outsides of the cup. If one was drinking from a cup whose outsides were impure, he need not be concerned that the liquids in his mouth may have been rendered impure by the outsides of the cup, and then gone on to render [the inside of] the cup impure. Regarding a boiling kettle [whose outsides are impure], one need not be concerned that liquids may have emerged from it and touched its outsides and then returned to its inside [and rendered it impure].",
+ "Sacred vessels do not have [a distinction, with regard to purity status, between their] outsides and insides, nor do they have a [similar distinction for their] holding-place. And one may not immerse vessels within vessels [such that they can be used] for [handling] sacred things [i.e. rather each vessel must be immersed independently in order to achieve the required level of purity]. All vessels may descend to impurity [status] through intentional thought, but they may only rise out of their impurity through a change-effecting action; for an action may annul [the effects of] an action or an intentional thought, but an intentional thought cannot annul [the effects of] either an action nor an intentional thought."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Regarding an Imki sandal [a sandal from the Imki valley, consisting of a piece of leather with attached straps], and a draw-string pouch, Rabbi Yehudah says: also an Egyptian basket, Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says: also a Ladiki sandal [from Ludkia], anything similar to them can thereby be made [susceptible or insusceptible to being rendered] impure or pure without [the aid of] a craftsman. Rabbi Yose said: but are not all vessels able to be rendered [susceptible or insusceptible to being rendered] impure or pure and without a craftsman? Rather, these, even when they are unlaced are [susceptible to being rendered] impure, since a layperson can restore them. They said this [that unlacing something can make it insusceptible to impurity] only regarding an Egyptian basket which even a craftsman cannot [easily] restore. ",
+ "A draw-string pouch whose laces were removed is still [susceptible to being rendered] impure; if it flattened out, it is pure [insusceptible to impurity]. If one hung a flap on it from below [such that it can still hold something, even when flattened out], it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Regarding a pouch within a pouch, if one of them was rendered impure by a liquid, the other is not rendered impure. A [leather] bundle for a gem is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Regarding a bundle for money, Rabbi Eliezer considers it [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and the Sages consider it pure [insusceptible to impurity].",
+ "A glove of thorn-pickers is pure [i.e. insusceptible to impurity]. A [leather] belt or knee-guard is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. And [leather] sleeves are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. And hand-coverings are pure [i.e. insusceptible to impurity]. And all finger-coverings are pure, except one of thorn-pickers [alternatively: pickers of Summer fruit], since it can [be used as vessels to] hold the sumac berry. If it was torn, if it cannot hold the majority of a sumac berry, it is pure [i.e. insusceptible to impurity]. ",
+ "Regarding a sandal with a hole [for a strap] that was broken, if one fixed it, it [retains prior impurities and thus] is impure with midras impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain types of impure individuals, rendering something an Origin of impurity]. If the second hole was broken and one fixed it, it is pure from [and can no longer retain] midras impurity, but is [still susceptible to be being rendered] impure from contact with midras impurity. If one was unable to fix the first [hole] before the second was broken, it is pure. If its heel broke off, or if its toe-piece was removed, or if it was split in two, it is pure. A heel-less slipper that was torn anywhere is pure. A shoe that was diminished [by damage], if it cannot hold the majority of the foot, it is pure. Regarding a shoe [still] on the last, Rabbi Eliezer considers it pure [i.e. insusceptible to impurity], and the Sages consider it impure. All [punctured] water skins which are tied up in a bundle are pure [insusceptible to impurity, due to being punctured], except for Arabian ones [since their ties are stronger]. Rabbi Meir says: if [they are tied in] a temporary bundle, they are pure; if [in] a permanent bundle, they are impure. Rabbi Yose says: all water skins tied up in bundles are pure. ",
+ "The following hides are susceptible to midras impurity: a hide which one intended to use as a rug, a hide used as an apron, a hide used as a bed-covering, a hide used by a donkey-driver, a hide used by a flax-worker, a hide used by a porter [who carries burdens on his shoulders], a hide used by a physician, a hide used for a cradle, a hide [used as a bib] for a child's chest, a hide for a cushion, a hide for a blanket; [all these are susceptible to] midras impurity. Regarding a hide used for [wrapping] combed wool, and a hide used by a wool-comber [to place upon his knees], Rabbi Eliezer says: [it is susceptible to] midras impurity; and the Sages say: [it is susceptible only to] corpse impurity. ",
+ "A cover or wrapper for garments is susceptible to midras impurity. Regarding a bag or wrapper for purple [garments], Beit Shammai say: [it is susceptible to] midras impurity; and Beit Hillel say: [it is susceptible only to] corpse impurity. A hide which one made to be a covering for a vessel is pure; [if one made it to be a covering] for weights, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Rabbi Yose considers it pure, in the name of his father.",
+ "Whenever no act is lacking [in order to make vessels fit for use], intentional thought [to use them as they are] renders them [susceptible to becoming] impure. But whenever an act is lacking [in order to make vessels fit for use], intentional thought does not render them impure, except with regard to a [leather] seat-covering [for a wagon or a saddle, which is sometimes used as such even before being fully trimmed or finished].",
+ "The hides of a householder are rendered [susceptible to becoming] impure by intentional thought, but those of a tanner are not rendered [susceptible to becoming] impure by intentional thought. Those of a thief are rendered impure by intentional thought; but those of a robber are not rendered impure by intentional thought. Rabbi Shimon says: the matter should be reversed: those of a robber are rendered impure by intentional thought; but those of a thief are not rendered impure by intentional thought, since [in the latter case] the owners have not abandoned hope [for recovery]. ",
+ "Regarding a hide that has contracted midras impurity, if one then thought to use it for straps or sandals, as soon as he put the knife to it, it is pure, according to Rabbi Yehuda. And the Sages say: [it is not pure] until he has reduced it to less than five handbreadths. Rabbi Elazar bar Tzadok says: even if one made a napkin from a hide it is [still susceptible to being rendered] impure; if [one made one] from a blanket, it is pure [and insusceptible to impurity]. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Clothing may be rendered impure due to five different reasons; sack-cloth [may be rentered impure] due to four; leather due to three; wood due to two; and an earthenware vessel due to one. An earthenware vessel may be rendered impure [only] due to [being] a receptacle. Regarding earthenware vessels, any that has no inside, has no outside [which can be rendered impure]. Wood, in addition to this, can also be rendered impure due to [being] a seat. Similarly, regarding a tablet which has no rim, if it is a wooden vessel it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and if it is an earthenware vessel it is pure. Leather, in addition to this, may be rendered impure due to tents [if it forms an enclosure over certain impure things]. Sack-cloth, in addition to this, may be rendered impure due to [being] a woven work. Clothing, in addition to this, may be rendered impure due to [being] a three by three [fingerbreadths piece of fabric].",
+ "Clothing may be rendered impure as a [piece which is] three by three [handbreadths] with midras impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain impure individuals, rendering something an Origin of impurity], and at three by three [fingerbreadths] with corpse impurity. Sack-cloth [may be rendered impure] at four by four [handbreadths]; Leather, five by five; matting, six by six; these are all equally [susceptible to being rendered impure] with midras and corpse impurity. Rabbi Meir says: regarding sack-cloth, its scraps [may be rendered impure] at four [by four handbreadths], but initially [it can be rendered impure only] once it is completed. ",
+ "One who makes a piece of material from two [handbreadths] of cloth and one [handbreadth] of sack-cloth, or three of sack-cloth and one of leather, or four of leather and one of matting, it is pure [insusceptible to impurity]. If [one made something] of five [handbreadths] of matting and one of leather, or four of leather and one of sack-cloth, or three of sack-cloth and one of cloth, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. This is the general rule: anything to which one attached something of a higher level of stringency is [susceptible to being remdered] impure; [anything to which one attached something] of a lesser level of stringency is pure. ",
+ "If one cuts off [a piece of] one square handbreadth from each of these [materials, and then fashions them into a single piece], it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. If [one cuts off a piece which is] one square handbreadth from the bottom of a basket, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. If from the sides of a basket, Rabbi Shimon considers it pure, and the Sages say: if one cuts off a square handbreadth from anywhere, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. ",
+ "Regarding worn-out pieces of a sifter or a sieve that one adapted for use as a seat, Rabbi Akiva consideres them [susceptible to being rendered] impure, and the Sages consider them pure until one trims them [for use as a seat]. A child's chair which has legs, even if it is less than a handbreadth high, is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Regarding a child's robe, Rabbi Eliezer says: [it is susceptible to impurity] at any size; and the Sages say: only once it is of the prescribed measure; and it is measured doubled [i.e. folded] over [such that it must actually be twice the required measure].",
+ "The following are measured when doubled over: cloth slippers, and knee-breeches, and pants, and a hat, and a hollow [in a belt which functions as a] pouch. Regarding a piece of fabric which one sewed onto the hem [of the collar of a garment], if it is [sewn on] unfolded it is measured unfolded; and if doubled over it is measured doubled over. ",
+ "Regarding a piece of cloth which one wove to be three by three [handbreadths] which was rendered impure with midras impurity, and one then completed the whole garment upon it, if afterwards one then removed a thread from its initial portion, it is pure from midras impurity, but it is impure from contact with midras impurity. If one removed a thread from its initial portion and then afterwards completed the whole garment upon it, it is [still] impure from contact with midras impurity. ",
+ "And likewise regarding a piece of cloth which one wove to be three by three [fingerbreadths] which contracted corpse impurity, and one then completed the whole garment upon it, and then afterwards removed a thread from its initial portion, it is pure of corpse impurity, but is still impure from contact with corpse impurity. If one removed a thread from its initial portion and then afterwards completed the whole garment upon it, it is pure; for They said: a [piece of cloth of] three by three [fingerbreadths] which was diminished is pure. But one of three by three [handbreadths] which was diminished, even though it is pure of midras impurity, is [susceptible to being] impure from all the [other] impurities.",
+ "Regarding a sheet which contracted midras impurity, which one then fashioned into a curtain, it is pure from midras impurity, but is impure from contact with midras impurity. Rabbi Yose said, \"And yet which midras impurity has touched it?! [Rather] only if a zav [a male with a genital discharge that renders him an Origin of impurity] touched it is it [rendered] impure from contact with a zav.\"",
+ "A [piece of cloth] three by three [handbreadths] which was divided, is pure from midras impurity, but is impure from contact with midras impurity. Rabbi Yose said, \"And yet which midras impurity has touched it?! [Rather] only if a zav touched it is it [rendered] impure from contact with a zav.\"",
+ "Regarding a [piece of cloth] three by three [handbreadths], if [it was found] in the trash heaps, [it is susceptible to retaining impurity only] if it is sound and capable of storing salt; if [it was found] in the house, [it is susceptible to impurity] if it is either sound or capable of storing salt. How much salt must it be capable of storing? A rova [a specific unit of volume, a quarter of a kav]. Rabbi Yehudah says: this is with regard to fine salt. And the Sages say: it is with regard to coarse salt. Both of their intentions were to rule leniently. Rabbi Shimon says: [pieces which are] three by three [handbreadths, which were found] in a trash heap, are [legally] equivalent to [pieces which are] three by three [fingerbreadths, which were found] in a house.",
+ "Regarding a [piece of cloth of] three by three [handbreadths] which was torn, if one places it on a chair and [when he sits down upon it] his skin touches the chair, it is pure; and if not, it is impure [i.e. it can retain impurity]. Regarding a [piece of cloth of] three by three [fingerbreadths], if one of its threads was worn away, or if a knot was found in it, or if two of its threads ran alongside each other [i.e. as an imperfection in its weave], it is pure. A [piece of cloth of] three by three [fingerbreadths] which was cast to the trash heap is pure. If one brought it back [from the trash], it is [once more susceptible to being rendered] impure. Its having been thrown away always renders it pure, and its being brought back renders it [susceptible to becoming] impure, except when it is of purple or fine crimson [which can still be rendered impure even after being cast into the trash]. Rabbi Eliezer says: the same applies also to a piece of new cloth. Rabbi Shimon says: all of these are pure; they were mentioned [as exceptions] only with regard to the returning of lost property."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A [piece of cloth] three by three [fingerbreadths] which was stuffed into a ball, or was itself made into a ball, is pure. But a [piece of cloth] three by three [handbreadths] which was stuffed into a ball is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. If it was itself made it into a ball, it is pure, because the sewing diminishes it. ",
+ "Regarding a [piece of cloth] less than three by three [handbreadths] which one adapted for plugging bathhouse with it, for emptying a cooking-pot with it [by using it on a handle to protect from the heat], or for wiping the mill stones with it, whether or not it is [set aside and] ready for such use, is [susceptible to being rendered] impure, according to Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yehoshua says: whether or not it is ready for such use, it is pure. Rabbi Akiva says: if it is ready, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and if it is not ready, it is pure. ",
+ "If one makes a bandage, whether of cloth or of leather, it is pure. Rabbi Yose says, regarding leather, that it is pure. Regarding a poultice, with cloth it is pure, and with leather it is [susceptible to becoming] impure. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even with cloth it is [susceptible to becoming] impure because it can be shaken off [once it dries, and then appropriated for other uses]. ",
+ "Covers of ,sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls] whether or not [the covers] are embroidered, are [susceptible to being rendered] impure, in accordance with Beit Shammai. Beit Hillel say: those which are embroidered pure, and those which are not embroidered are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Rabban Gamaliel says: these and those are pure. ",
+ "Regarding a head-covering which was rendered impure with midras impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain types of impure individuals, rendering something an Origin of impurity], if one placed it [as a covering] on a book, it is pure from midras impurity, but it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure from corpse impurity. A skin which one fashioned into a rug, or a rug which one fashioned into a skin, is pure. A skin which one fashioned into a satchel, or a satchel which one fashioned into a skin, a cushion which one fashioned into a sheet, or a sheet which one fashioned into a cushion, a blanket which one fashioned into a kerchief, or a kerchief which one fashioned into a blanket, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. This is the general rule: any object which one changed into one with the same name [the same general use] is impure; if [one changed it into something] of another name, it is pure.",
+ "A piece of cloth which one patched onto a basket renders one item impure [with a second degree level of impurity, upon coming into contact with it], and invalidates one [for terumah, the priestly tithe; i.e. if the second item comes into contact with a third item, it renders it impure with a third degree level of impurity, which invalidates it with regard to terumah]. If one separated it from the basket, the basket renders one item impure [with a second degree level of impurity], and renders one invalid [with regard to terumah], and the piece of cloth is pure. If one patched it onto a garment, it renders two items impure [i.e. it renders one impure upon contact, with a first degree impurity, and that item, in turn, renders a second item impure with a second degree level of impurity], and renders one invalid [i.e. the second item then renders a third item invalid for the purposes of terumah]. If one separated it from the garment, it renders one impure [upon contact, with a second degree of impurity], and [that one, in turn] invalidates one [for the purposes of terumah], and the piece of cloth renders two items impure [i.e. it renders one impure with a first degree impurity, and that item renders a second item impure with a second degree impurity], and renders one invalid [i.e. the second item then renders a third item invalid for the purposes of terumah]. And such is the case regarding one who attaches [a piece of fabric as a patch] onto sack-cloth or leather, according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon considers it pure. Rabbi Yose says, with regard to leather, that it is pure, and with regard to sack-cloth that is it impure because it is a woven material. ",
+ "The [piece of fabric of] three by three [fingerbreadths] of which They spoke does not include the hem, according to Rabbi Shimon. And the Sages say: it is precisely three by three [including the hem]. If one patched it onto a garment on one side [only], it is not considered a connection [for the purposes of impurity]; if on two sides, one opposite the other, it is considered to be a connection. If one fashioned it like a gamma [in an L-shape], Rabbi Akiva considers it impure, and the Sages consider it pure. Rabbi Yehudah said, \"With regard to what do these things apply? To a cloak. But regarding a robe, if [it was patched on] from above [the tear], it is considered a connection; and if from below [the tear], it is not considered a connection.\" ",
+ "Poor people's garments, even if they contain less than three by three [fingerbreadths], can thereby be rendered impure with midras impurity. Regarding a cloak which one began to tear, once the majority of it is torn, it [i.e. its two halves] is not considered a connection. Those [materials] which are coarse or fine are not subject to [the minimum measure of] three by three [fingerbreadths; they are instead subject to the larger minimum of three by three handbreadths]. ",
+ "A porter's blanket [used as shoulder padding] is [susceptible to being rendered] impure with midras impurity. A [cloth] wine strainer is not susceptible to [contracting the impurity of] a seat. An old woman's hair-net is [susceptible to being rendered] impure as a seat. The robe of a prostitute [literally: she who goes out] which is woven like a net is pure [i.e. insusceptible to being rendered impure]. If one makes a garment out of a fishing net, it is pure; if [one makes it] out of its bottom part [which is more tightly woven] it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: even one who makes a garment out of a fishing net and doubles it over, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. ",
+ "A hair-net which one began [to knit] from its opening is pure [and insusceptible to impurity] until he complete its base section. If one began from its base section, it is pure until he completes its opening. Its headband is [susceptible to being rendered] impure on its own [even if separated from the hair-net]. Its ribbons are [susceptible to being rendered] impure by way of connection. A hair-net which was torn, if it cannot hold the majority of the hair, it is pure. "
+ ],
+ [
+ "Regarding the fringes of a sheet, or of a scarf, or of a cap, or of a head-scarf, if they are six fingerbreadths [long, or shorter, they are considered connected to the garment, for the purposes of impurity]; and regarding those of undergarments, [their measure for being considered connected is up to] ten [fingerbreadths]. The fringes of a thick wool cloak, or of a veil, or of a robe, or of a cloak are [considered connected if they are up to a length of] three fingerbreadths. Regarding the fringes of an old woman's cap, of Arabian face scarves, or of a goat-hair garment, or of a hollow [in a belt which functions as a] pouch, or of a turban, or of a dividing-curtain, their fringes [are considered connected] at any length.",
+ "Three woolen covers [stitched together, i.e. in order to keep track of them], six of linen, three sheets, twelve handkerchiefs, two pant-sleeves, one robe, one cloak, or one thick wool garment, are considered connected with regard to impurity and with regard to sprinkling [the waters of the red heifer, as part of the purification ritual]. If more than these [are sewn together], they are considered connected with regard to impurity, but they are not considered connected with regard to sprinkling. Rabbi Yose says: not even with regard to impurity. ",
+ "The string of a plumb-line [is considered connected up to a length of] twelve [handbreadths]. That of the carpenters’ [plumb-line is considered connected up to a length of up to] eighteen [handbreadths]. That of the builders’ [is considered connected up to a length of] fifty cubits. Exceeding that, if one wanted to retain it [at that length], it is pure [i.e. the excess string beyond that measure is insusceptible to being rendered impure]. Those of plasterers or of [wall] illustrators [are considered connected] at any length.",
+ "The cord of the scales of gold weighers or of those who weigh fine purple fabric is [considered connected to the scale, with regard to impurity, up to a length of] three fingerbreadths. The shaft of an axe, behind the grip, is [considered connected up to a length of] three fingerbreadths. Rabbi Yose says: if [its length is] one handbreadth [past the grip], it is pure [and is not considered connected as a handle to the axe].",
+ "The cord of the scales of shopkeepers or of householders is [considered connected up to a length of] one handbreadth. The shaft of an axe, in front of the grip, is [considered connected up to the length of] one handbreadth. The remnants of a compass are [considered connected to the compass at a length of up to] one handbreadth. The handle of a stone-mason's chisel is [considered connected to the chisel at a length of] one handbreadth. ",
+ "The cord of the scales of wool dealers or of glass-weighers is [considered connected up to a length of] two handbreadths. The shaft of a millstone chisel is [considered connected up to] two handbreadths. The shaft of the battle-axe of [military] legions is [considered connected up to] two handbreadths. The shaft of the goldsmiths’ hammer is [considered connected up to] two handbreadths. And that of blacksmiths, [up to] three handbreadths. ",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its upper end is [considered connected up to a length of] four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a spade is [considered connected up to] four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a weeding-spade is [considered connected up to] five [handbreadths]. The shaft of a small hammer is [considered connected up to] five [handbreadths], and that of a [regular] hammer, six [handbreadths]. The shaft of a hatchet used for splitting [wood] or of one used for hoeing is [considered connected up to] six [handbreadths]. The shaft of a stonemasons' sledgehammer is [considered connected up to] six [handbreadths]. ",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its lower end is considered connected [to that end up to a length of] seven [handbreadths]. Regarding the shaft of a householders' [oven] rake, Beit Shammai say: [it is considered connected up to] seven [handbreadths]; and Beit Hillel say: eight. Regarding that [i.e. the shaft of a rake] of plasterers, Beit Shammai say: nine; Beit Hillel say: ten. Exceeding that, if one wants to retain [it at its length], it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. The shafts of fire tools [are susceptible to being rendered impure] at any length."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Regarding glass vessels, those that are flat are pure [i.e. insusceptible to being rendered impure], and those that have receptacles are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. If they are broken, they become pure; if one then went back and fashioned them into vessels, they are able to retain impurity from then and onward. A tray or a flat dish made of glass are pure [i.e. insusceptible to impurity]; if they have a rim, they are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. The [concave] bottoms of a glass plate or a flat dish which one adapted for use [as receptacles] are pure. If one polished them or sanded them with a file, they are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. ",
+ "A mirror is pure. A cauldron which one fashioned into a mirror is [susceptible to being rendered] impure but if from the outset it was made to serve as a mirror, it is pure. Regarding a large [glass] spoon which one places on a table, if it can hold any amount [when it stands on its own], it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; but if not, Rabbi Akiva considers it [susceptible to being rendered] impure, and Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri considers it pure [i.e. insusceptible]. ",
+ "Regarding a cup, if the majority of it [i.e. of its circumference] has been damaged, it is pure. If it is damaged in three places extending over the majority of it, it is pure. Rabbi Shimon says: if it disperses the majority of the water [put into it], it is pure. If it was punctured and one fixed it, whether with tin or pitch, it is pure. Rabbi Yose says: if with tin it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and if with pitch, it is pure. ",
+ "A small [glass] flask, the neck of which was removed, is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and a large one, the neck of which was removed, is pure [i.e. insusceptible]. One of spikenard oil, the neck of which was removed, is pure, because it injures the hand. Large [glass] flagons whose necks have been removed are [susceptible to being rendered] impure, because one adapts them for holding pickled foods. A glass funnel is pure. Rabbi Yose said, \"Joyous are you, Kelim, for you entered in impurity, and you departed in purity!\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6cbcf3d88872b5f0883352f7d1dcd8d48986e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "HAUPTUNREINHEITEN SIND DAS KRIECHTIER, DER SAMENERGUSS, DER LEICHENUNREINE, DER AUSSÄTZIGE WÄHREND SEINER ZÄHLTAGE UND DAS ENTSÜNDIGUNGSWASSER, DAS DAS ZUR BESPRENGUNG ERFORDERLICHE QUANTUM NICHT HAT. DIESE VERUNREINIGEN MENSCHEN UND GERÄTEDURCH BERÜHRUNG UND TONGEFÄSSE IM LUFTRAUME; SIE VERUNREINIGEN ABER NICHT DURCH TRAGEN.",
+ "HÖHER ALS DIESE SIND DAS AAS UND DAS ENTSÜNDIGUNGSWASSER, DAS DAS ZUR BESPRENGUNG ERFORDERLICHE QUANTUM HAT; DIESE VERUNREINIGEN AUCH EINEN MENSCHEN DURCH TRAGEN, SODASS ER AUCH DIE KLEIDER UNREIN MACHT, NICHT ABER KLEIDER DURCH BERÜHRUNG.",
+ "HÖHER ALS DIESE IST [DIE UNREINHEIT DESSEN,] DER EINER MENSTRUIERENDEN BEIGEWOHNT HAT; ER VERUNREINIGT DAS UNTERPOLSTER WIE DIE OBER[DECKE]. HÖHER ALS DIESE IST DER FLUSS DES FLUSSBEHAFTETEN, SEIN SPEICHEL, SEIN SAMENERGUSS, SEIN URIN UND DAS BLUT DER MENSTRUIERENDEN; SIE VERUNREINIGEN DURCH BERÜHREN UND TRAGEN. HÖHER ALS DIESE IST DAS REITZEUG; ES VERUNREINIGT AUCH UNTER EINEM BLOCKSTEINE. HÖHER ALS DAS REITZEUG IST DAS LAGER; BEI DIESEM GLEICHT DIE BERÜHRUNG DEM TRAGEN. HÖHER ALS DAS LAGER IST DER FLUSSBEHAFTETE; DER FLUSSBEHAFTETE MACHT DAS LAGER [UNREIN], NICHT ABER DAS LAGER DAS LAGER.",
+ "HÖHER ALS [DIE UNREINHEIT DES] FLUSSBEHAFTETEN IST DIE DER FLUSSBEHAFTETEN; SIE VERUNREINIGT DEN IHR BEIWOHNENDEN. HÖHER ALS DIE DER FLUSSBEHAFTETEN IST DIE DES AUSSÄTZIGEN; ER VERUNREINIGT DURCH DAS EINTRETEN. HÖHER ALS DIE DES AUSSÄTZIGEN IST DIE EINES GERSTENGROSSEN KNOCHENS; ER VERUNREINIGT SIEBENTÄGIG. HÖHER ALS ALLE IST DIE EINES TOTEN; ER VERUNREINIGT DURCH BEZELTUNG, WODURCH JENE ALLE NICHT VERUNREINIGEN.",
+ "ZEHN GRADE VON UNREINHEIT GEHEN VOM MENSCHEN AUS. DEM DER SÜHNE ERMANGELNDENIST HEILIGES VERBOTEN, JEDOCH HEBE UND ZEHNT ERLAUBT. DEM, DER AM SELBEN TAGE UNTERGETAUCHT IST, SINDHEILIGES UND HEBE VERBOTEN, DER ZEHNT ABER ERLAUBT. IST JEMAND ERGUSSBEHAFTET, SO SIND IHM ALLE DREI VERBOTEN. HAT JEMAND EINER MENSTRUIERENDEN BEIGEWOHNT, SO VERUNREINIGT ER DAS UNTERPOLSTER WIE DIE OBER[DECKE]. IST JEMAND FLUSSBEHAFTETER NACH ZWEI WAHRNEHMUNGEN, SO VERUNREINIGT ER LAGER UND SITZ UND BENÖTIGT DES UNTERTAUCHENS IN QUELLWASSER, IST JEDOCH VON EINEM OPFER FREI. HAT JEMAND DREIMAL WAHRGENOMMEN, SO IST ER AUCH EIN OPFER SCHULDIG. IST JEMAND ABGESCHLOSSENER AUSSÄTZIGER, SO VERUNREINIGT ER DURCH EINTRETEN, JEDOCH IST ER FREI VOM WACHSENLASSEN DES HAARES, VOM EINREISSEN DER KLEIDER, VON DER HAARSCHURUND [DER DARBRINGUNG] DER VÖGEL. IST JEMAND ABSOLUTER UNREINER, SO IST ER ZU ALL DIESEM VERPFLICHTET. WIRD VON EINEM EIN GLIED ABGESONDERT, WORAN NICHT GEHÖRIG FLEISCH IST, SO VERUNREINIGT ES DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND TRAGEN, NICHT ABER VERUNREINIGT ES DURCH BEZELTUNG. IST DARAN GEHÖRIG FLEISCH, SO VERUNREINIGT ES DURCH BERÜHRUNG, DURCH TRAGEN UND DURCH BEZELTUNG. GEHÖRIG FLEISCH HEISST ES, WENN ES SOVIEL IST, DASS ES HEILEN KANN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, IST AN EINER STELLE SOVIEL VORHANDEN, DASS ES IN DER DICKE EINES EINSCHLAGFADENS[DAS GLIED] UMGEBEN WÜRDE, SO GENÜGT ES, UM HEILEN ZU KÖNNEN.",
+ "ES GIBT ZEHN GRADE DER HEILIGKEIT: DAS JISRAÉLLAND IST HEILIGER ALS ALLE ANDEREN LÄNDER. WORIN BESTEHT SEINE HEILIGKEIT? DASS MAN AUS DIESEM DIE SCHWINGEGARBE, DIE ERSTLINGE UND DIE ZWEI BROTEBRINGT, WÄHREND MAN SIE VON ALLEN ANDEREN LÄNDERN NICHT BRINGT.",
+ "HEILIGER ALS DIESES SIND DIE MIT EINER MAUER UMRINGTEN STÄDTE, AUS DIESEN SIND DIE AUSSÄTZIGEN HINAUSZUWEISEN, UND IN DIESEN DARF MAN ZWAR EINEN TOTEN UMHERTRAGEN SOLANGE MAN WILL, IST ER ABER HINAUSGEKOMMEN, SO DARF MAN IHN NICHT WIEDER HINEINBRINGEN.",
+ "HEILIGER ALS DIESE IST [DAS GEBIET] INNERHALB DER MAUER; IN DIESEM DARF MAN MINDERHEILIGES UND ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN ESSEN. HEILIGER ALS DIESES IST DER TEMPELBERG; DIESEN DÜRFEN MÄNNLICHE UND WEIBLICHE FLUSSBEHAFTETE, MENSTRUIERENDE UND WÖCHNERINNEN NICHT BETRETEN. HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST DER ZWINGER; DIESEN DÜRFEN NICHTJUDEN UND LEICHENUNREINE NICHT BETRETEN. HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST DER FRAUENVORHOF; DIESEN DARF JEMAND, DER AM SELBEN TAGE UNTERGETAUCHT IST, NICHT BETRETEN, JEDOCH IST MAN DIESERHALB KEIN SÜNDOPFER SCHULDIG. HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST DER JISRAÉLITENVORHOF; DIESEN DARF EIN DER SÜHNE ERMANGELNDERNICHT BETRETEN, AUCH IST MAN DIESERHALB EIN SÜNDOPFER SCHULDIG. HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST DER PRIESTERVORHOF; DIESEN DÜRFEN JISRAÉLITEN NICHT BETRETEN, AUSSER WENN SIE ES MÜSSEN, ZUM STÜTZEN, ZUM SCHLACHTEN UND ZUM SCHWINGEN.",
+ "HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST [DER RAUM] ZWISCHEN DER VORHALLE UND DEM ALTAR; DIESEN DÜRFEN FEHLERBEHAFTETE UND ZAUSHAARIGENICHT BETRETEN. HEILIGER ALS DIESER IST DAS TEMPELSCHIFF; WER HÄNDE UND FÜSSE NICHT GEWASCHEN HAT, DARF ES NICHT BETRETEN. HEILIGER ALS ALLE IST DAS ALLERHEILIGSTE; DIESES DARF NUR DER HOCHPRIESTER AM VERSÖHNUNGSTAGE BEIM TEMPELDIENSTE BETRETEN. R. JOSE SAGTE: IN FÜNF HINSICHTEN GLEICHT [DER RAUM] ZWISCHEN DER VORHALLE UND DEM ALTAR DEM TEMPELSCHIFFE: IHN DÜRFEN FEHLERBEHAFTETE, ZAUSHAARIGE, WEINTRUNKENE UND, WER HÄNDE UND FÜSSE NICHT GEWASCHEN HAT, NICHT BETRETEN, AUCH ENTFERNE MAN SICH AUS [DEM RAUME] ZWISCHEN DER VORHALLE UND DEM ALTAR WÄHREND DER RÄUCHERUNG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "VON GERÄTEN AUS HOLZ, GERÄTEN AUS LEDER, GERÄTEN AUS KNOCHEN UND GERÄTEN AUS GLAS SIND DIE FLACHEN REIN UND DIE VERTIEFTEN UNREIN. ZERBRECHEN SIE, SO WERDEN SIE REIN; MACHT MAN WIEDER AUS IHNEN GERÄTE, SO SIND SIE VON DANN AB WIEDER FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH. GERÄTE AUS TON UND AUS NATRON GLEICHEN EINANDER HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT: SIE WERDEN UNREIN UND MACHEN UNREIN VON IHREM HOHLRAUME AUS; SIE WERDEN UNREIN VON IHRER HINTERSEITE AUS UND NICHT VON IHRER AUSSENSEITE AUS, UND IHR ZERBRECHEN IST IHRE REINIGUNG.",
+ "FÜR WINZIGE VON TONGEFÄSSEN, VON DEN BÖDEN UND VON DEN WÄNDEN, DIE UNGESTÜTZT STEHEN KÖNNEN, GILT ALS MASS, WENN SIE [VORHER] BIS ZU EINEM LOG FASSTEN, DER INHALT ZUM SALBEN EINES KLEINEN [KINDES], WENN SIE VON EINEM LOG BIS ZU EINER SEÁ FASSTEN, DER EINES VIERTELLOG, WENN SIE VON EINER SEÁ BIS ZWEI SEÁ FASSTEN, DER EINES HALBEN LOG, UND WENN SIE VON ZWEI SEÁ BIS DREI UND BIS FÜNF SEÁ FASSTEN, DER EINES LOG – SO R. JIŠMA͑ÉL. R. A͑QIBA SAGTE: ICH RICHTE MICH NICHT NACH DEM [FRÜHEREN] MASSINHALT; VIELMEHR, WINZIGE VON TONGEFÄSSEN, VON DEN BÖDEN UND VON DEN WÄNDEN, DIE UNGESTÜTZT STEHEN KÖNNEN, BIS ZUR GRÖSSE VON KLEINEN TÖPFEN, WENN SIE GENÜGEND ZUM SALBEN EINES KLEINEN [KINDES] FASSEN; VON KLEINEN TÖPFEN BIS ZU DEN FÄSSERN VON LUD, WENN SIE EIN VIERTELLOG FASSEN; VON SOLCHEN AUS LUD BIS ZU SOLCHEN VON BETH LEḤEM, WENN SIE EIN HALBES LOG FASSEN; VON SOLCHEN AUS BETH LEḤEM BIS ZU DEN GROSSEN KANNEN, WENN SIE EIN LOG FASSEN. R. JOḤANAN B. ZAKKAJ SAGT, DAS MASS BEI SOLCHEN VON GROSSEN KANNEN SEI ZWEI LOG. BEI SOLCHEN VON GALILÄISCHEN KRÜGLEIN UND FÄSSCHEN GENÜGT FÜR DIE BÖDEN IRGENDWELCHE GRÖSSE, UND [STÜKKE VON DEN] WÄNDEN SIND ÜBERHAUPT NICHT [VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG].",
+ "FOLGENDE SIND VON TONGEFÄSSEN REIN: EINE PLATTE OHNE RANDLEISTEN, EINE RANDLOSE KOHLENSCHIPPE, EIN RÖSTEROHR, RINNEN, AUCH WENN SIE GEBOGENSIND, AUCH WENN SIE EINE VERTIEFUNGHABEN, EINE ALS BROTKORB VERWANDTE STÜRZE, EINE FÜR TRAUBENHERGERICHTETE KUMME, EIN SCHWIMMFASS, EIN AM BODEN EINES ZOBERS HAFTENDES FASS, EIN BETT, EIN STUHL, EINE BANK, EIN TISCH, EIN BOOT UND EIN TONLEUCHTER. DIESE SIND REIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: TONGEFÄSSE, DIE KEINEN INNENRAUM HABEN, HABEN AUCH KEINE AUSSENSEITE.",
+ "EINE LATERNE, DIE EINEN ÖLBEHÄLTER HAT, IST UNREIN, UND DIE KEINEN HAT, IST REIN. DIE TÖPFERSCHEIBE, MIT DER ER BEGINNT, IST REIN, UND MIT DER ER ENDET, IST UNREIN. EIN TRICHTER FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST REIN, EINER DER GEWÜRZKRÄMER IST UNREIN, WEIL ER ZUGLEICH ALS MASSDIENT – SO R. JEHUDA B. BETHERA. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, WEIL ER IHN AUF DIE SEITE NEIGTUND DEN KÄUFER DARAN RIECHENLÄSST.",
+ "DECKEL VON WEINKRÜGEN UND ÖLKRÜGEN, EBENSO DECKEL VON PAPIERFÄSSERNSIND REIN; HAT MAN SIE ZUR BENUTZUNG HERGERICHTET, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. DER DECKEL EINER KASSEROLLE IST, WENN ER EIN LOCH ODER EINE SPITZEHAT, REIN, UND WENN ER KEIN LOCH UND KEINE SPITZE HAT, UNREIN, WEIL [DIE KÖCHIN] DARIN KRAÚT SEIHT. R. ELIE͑ZER B. R. ÇADOQ SAGT, WEIL SIE DARAUF MUS UMSCHÜTTET.",
+ "EIN IM BRENNOFEN GEFUNDENES BRAKSTÜCK IST, WENN ESNOCH UNFERTIG IST, REIN, UND WENN ES FERTIG IST, UNREIN. DER TITAROSIST NACH R. ELIE͑ZER B. R. ÇADOQ REIN UND NACH R. JOSE UNREIN, WEIL ER NUR TROPFENWEISE AUSFLIESSEN LÄSST.",
+ "FOLGENDE SIND VON TONGEFÄSSEN UNREIN: EINE PLATTE MIT RANDLEISTEN, EINE VOLLSTÄNDIGE KOHLENSCHIPPE UND EINE SCHÜSSELPLATTE; IST EINE VON IHNEN DURCH EIN KRIECHTIER UNREIN GEWORDEN, SO SIND NICHT ALLE UNREIN; HAT SIE ABER EINE ÜBERSTEHENDE RANDLEISTE, SO SIND, WENN EINE UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, ALLE UNREIN. EBENSO AUCH EIN IRDENER GEWÜRZBEHÄLTER UND EIN DOPPELTINTENFASS. IST VON EINEM HÖLZERNEN GEWÜRZBEHÄLTER EIN [FACH] UNREIN GEWORDEN, SO IST DAS ANDERE NICHT UNREIN. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SAGT, MAN TEILE DIE ZWISCHENWAND; WAS FÜR DAS UNREINE DIENT, IST UNREIN, UND WAS FÜR DAS REINE DIENT, IST REIN. HAT ER EINE ÜBERSTEHENDE RANDLEISTE, SO IST, WENN EINES UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, AUCH DAS ANDERE UNREIN.",
+ "DER FACKELNAPF IST UNREIN; DER LAMPENUNTERSATZ IST IN SEINEM HOHLRAUME UNREIN. DER KAMMDES GIESSKRUGES IST NACH R. ELIE͑ZER REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIES IST DAS GRÖSSENMASS BEI TONGEFÄSSEN, WODURCH SIE REIN WERDEN: DIENEN SIE FÜR SPEISEN, IN DER GRÖSSE, DASS OLIVEN [DURCHFALLEN], DIENEN SIE FÜR FLÜSSIGKEITEN, IN DER GRÖSSE, DASS FLÜSSIGKEITEN [EINDRINGEN], UND WENN FÜR DIESE UND JENE, DANN ERSCHWEREND, WENN OLIVEN [DURCHFALLEN].",
+ "EIN FASS, BEI DER GRÖSSE EINER DÖRRFEIGE – SO R. ŠIMO͑N; R. JEHUDA SAGT, EINER NUSS; R. MEÍR SAGT, EINER OLIVE. EINE KASSEROLLE UND EIN KOCHTOPF, BEI DER GRÖSSE EINER OLIVE. EIN KRÜGLEIN UND EIN TROPFGEFÄSS, DASS ÖL [EINDRINGT]; EIN GIESSKRUG, DASS WASSER [EINDRINGT]. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ALLE DREI, DASS SAATKÖRNER [DURCHFALLEN]. EINE LAMPE, DASS ÖL [EINDRINGT]. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, DASS EINE KLEINE MÜNZE [DURCHFÄLLT]. FEHLT VON EINER LAMPE DIE DILLE, SO IST SIE REIN; IST VON EINER IRDENEN DIE DILLE DURCH DEN DOCHT ANGEBRANNT WORDEN, SO IST SIE REIN.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS, DAS DURCHLÖCHERT WAR UND MIT PECH HERGERICHTET WORDEN IST, ZERBRICHT, SO IST EIN VERPICHTES STÜCK, WENN ES EIN VIERTELLOG FASST, UNREIN, WEIL DER NAME EINES GEFÄSSES VON IHM NICHT GESCHWUNDEN IST. WENN ABER EINE SCHERBE DURCHLÖCHERT WAR UND MAN SIE MIT PECH HERGERICHTET HAT, SO IST SIE, AUCH WENN SIE EIN VIERTELLOG FASST, REIN, WEIL SIE NICHT MEHR DEN NAMEN EINES GEFÄSSES HATTE.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS ZERPLATZT WAR UND MAN ES MIT RINDERMIST VERSCHMIERT HAT, SO IST ES, SELBST WENN DIE SCHERBEN, FALLS MAN DEN RINDERMIST ENTFERNT, AUSEINANDERFALLEN, UNREIN, WEIL DER NAME EINES GEFÄSSES DAVON NICHT GESCHWUNDEN WAR. WENN ES ABER ZERBROCHEN WAR UND MAN SCHERBEN DAVON ZUSAMMENGEKLEBT HAT, ODER WENN MAN SCHERBEN VON ANDERWÄRTS GEHOLT UND SIE MIT RINDERMIST ZUSAMMENGEKLEBT HAT, SO IST ES, SELBST WENN DIE SCHERBEN, FALLS MAN DEN RINDERMIST ENTFERNT, ZUSAMMENHALTEN, REIN, WEIL DER NAME EINES GEFÄSSES DAVON GESCHWUNDEN WAR. IST DARAN EINE EIN VIERTELLOG FASSENDE SCHERBE, SO IST DAS GANZE DURCH BERÜHREN UNREIN, UND DER HOHLRAUM [NUR] DIESER GEGENÜBER.",
+ "HAT MAN EIN UNVERSEHRTES TONGEFÄSS ÜBERKLEBT, SO IST [DAS ÜBERKLEBTE] NACH R. MEÍR UND R. ŠIMO͑N UNREIN; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DAS ÜBERKLEBTE EINES UNVERSEHRTEN SEI REIN, UND EINES BESCHÄDIGTEN SEI UNREIN. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VOM REIFEN EINER KÜRBISFLASCHE.",
+ "DAS JABLITH, WOMIT MAN DIE WEINFÄSSER VERSCHMIERT, VERUNREINIGT, WAS ES BERÜHRT. DER SPUND EINES FASSES GILT NICHT ALS VERBUNDEN. WER DEN PUTZ EINES [UNREINEN] OFENS BERÜHRT, IST UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN WÄRMEKESSEL MIT LEHM UND MIT TÖPFERTON ÜBERKLEBT, SO IST, WER DEN LEHM BERÜHRT, UNREIN, UND WER DEN TÖPFERTON BERÜHRT, REIN. WENN EIN WASSERKESSEL EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HATTE UND MAN ES MIT PECH HERGERICHTET HAT, SO IST ER, WIE R. JOSE SAGT, REIN, WEIL ER NICHT HEISSES WIE KALTES AUFNEHMEN KANN; DASSELBE SAGTE ER AUCH VON PECHGEFÄSSEN. HAT MAN EIN KUPFERNES GEFÄSS MIT PECH ÜBERZOGEN, SO IST ES REIN; WENN ABER FÜR WEIN, SO IST ES UNREIN.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HATTE UND MAN ES MEHR ALS NÖTIG MIT PECH VERKLEBT HAT, SO IST, WAS DAS NÖTIGE BERÜHRT HAT, UNREIN, UND WAS DAS UNNÖTIGE, REIN. IST PECH AUF EIN FASS GETROPFT, SO IST, WAS ES BERÜHRT, REIN. HAT MAN EINEN TRICHTER AUS HOLZ ODER AUS TON MIT PECH VERSTOPFT, SO IST ER, WIE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA SAGT, UNREIN. NACH R. A͑QIBA IST EINER AUS HOLZ UNREIN UND EINER AUS TON REIN. NACH R. JOSE SIND BEIDE REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EINE SCHERBE WEGEN DES OHRS NICHT STEHEN KANN, ODER WENN EINE ZACKE DARAN IST UND SIE DURCH DIE ZACKE SICH NEIGT, SO IST SIE REIN. WIRD DAS OHR ENTFERNT, ODER DIE ZACKE ABGEBROCHEN, SO IST SIE REIN, UND NACH R. JEHUDA UNREIN. WENN EIN FASS [AM BODEN] DURCHBROCHEN IST, ABER DIE SEITENWÄNDE NOCH ETWAS FASSEN KÖNNEN, ODER ES SICH IN ZWEI MULDEN GETEILT HAT, SO IST ES NACH R. JEHUDA REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS MORSCH IST UND NICHT MIT EINEM HALBEN KAB DÖRRFEIGEN FORTBEWEGT WERDEN KANN, SO IST ES REIN. WENN EIN BRAKSTÜCK MORSCH IST UND KEINE FLÜSSIGKEIT FASSEN KANN, OBGLEICH ES SPEISEN FASSEN KANN, SO IST ES REIN, DENN ES GIBT KEINE ÜBERBLEIBSEL VON ÜBERBLEIBSELN.",
+ "WELCHES HEISST EIN BRAK? WENN AUCH NUR DIE OHREN FEHLEN. STEHEN ZACKEN HERVOR, SO IST ALLES, WAS OLIVEN MITFASSEN KANN, DURCH BERÜHREN UNREIN, UND EBENSO UNREIN DER HOHLRAUM GEGENÜBER, UND WAS NICHT OLIVEN MITFASSEN KANN, DURCH BERÜHREN UNREIN, JEDOCH IST DER HOHLRAUM GEGENÜBER NICHT UNREIN. IST ES AUF DIE SEITE GENEIGT, WIE EIN LEHNSESSEL, SO IST ES, SOWEIT ES OLIVEN MITFASSEN KANN, DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREIN, UND EBENSO UNREIN DER HOHLRAUM GEGENÜBER, UND SOWEIT ES NICHT OLIVEN MITFASSEN KANN, DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREIN, JEDOCH IST NICHT DER HOHLRAUM GEGENÜBER UNREIN. DIE BÖDEN DER SPITZBECHER UND DIE BÖDEN DER ÇIDONISCHEN SCHALEN SIND UNREIN, OBGLEICH SIE UNGESTÜTZT NICHT STEHEN KÖNNEN, DENN SIE SIND VON ANFANG AN SO GEFERTIGT WORDEN.",
+ "WENN EIN TONGEFÄSS DREI RÄNDER HAT, SO IST, WENN DER INNERE ÜBERSTEHT, ALLES REIN, WENN DER ÄUSSERE ÜBERSTEHT, ALLES UNREIN, UND WENN DER MITTELSTE ÜBERSTEHT, WAS VON DIESEM EINWÄRTS, UNREIN, UND WAS VON DIESEM AUSWÄRTS, REIN. SIND ALLE GLEICH, SO IST, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, DER MITTELSTE ZU TEILEN, UND WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ALLES REIN. VON WANN AB SIND TONGEFÄSSE FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH? SOBALD SIE IM OFEN GEBRANNT SIND. DIES IST DIE VOLLENDUNG IHRER HERSTELLUNG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "EIN BACKOFEN ANFANGS BEI VIER [HANDBREITEN] UND SEIN ÜBERBLEIBSEL BEI VIER – SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DIES GELTE NUR VON EINEM GROSSEN, EIN KLEINER ABER ANFANGS BEI IRGEND WELCHER GRÖSSE UND SEIN ÜBERBLEIBSEL BEI DER GRÖSSEREN HÄLFTE. SOBALD SEINE HERSTELLUNG VOLLENDET IST. WANN ERFOLGT DIE VOLLENDUNG SEINER HERSTELLUNG? SOBALD MAN IHN SO GEHEIZT HAT, DASS MAN DARIN SCHWAMMKUCHEN BACKEN KANN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SOBALD MAN EINEN NEUEN SO GEHEIZT HAT, WIE MAN IN EINEM ALTEN SCHWAMMKUCHEN BACKEN KANN.",
+ "DER KOCHHERD BEI DREI [HANDBREITEN] UND SEIN ÜBERBLEIBSEL BEI DREI. SOBALD SEINE HERSTELLUNG VOLLENDET IST. WANN ERFOLGT DIE VOLLENDUNG SEINER HERSTELLUNG? SOBALD MAN IHN SO GEHEIZT HAT, DASS MAN DAS LEICHTESTE UNTER DEN EIERN KOCHEN KANN, ZERSCHLAGEN UND IN DEN TIEGEL GETAN. BEI EINEM KOCHOFEN GILT, WENN ER ZUM BACKEN GEMACHT IST, DAS MASS DES BACKOFENS, UND WENN ER ZUM KOCHEN GEMACHT IST, DAS MASS DES HERDES. EIN STEIN, DER AUS DEM OFEN EINE HANDBREITE UND AUS DEM HERDE DREI FINGER HERAUSRAGT, GILT ALS VERBUNDEN. BEI DEM, DER AUS EINEN KOCHOFEN HERAUSRAGT, GILT, WENN ER ZUM BACKEN GEMACHT IST, DAS MASS DES OFENS, UND WENN ER ZUM KOCHEN GEMACHT IST, DAS MASS DES HERDES. R. JEHUDA SAGTE: DAS MASS EINER HANDBREITE GILT NUR ZWISCHEN DEM OFEN UND DER WAND. BEFINDEN SICH ZWEI ÖFEN NEBEN EINANDER, SO GEHÖRT EINE HANDBREITE ZU EINEM UND EINE HANDBREITE ZUM ANDEREN, UND DAS ÜBRIGE IST REIN.",
+ "DER KRANZ DES HERDES IST REIN. DIE UMFRIEDUNG DES OFENS IST, WENN SIE VIER HANDBREITEN HOCH IST, UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM, UND WENN WENIGER, REIN; IST ER MIT DIESEM VERBUNDEN, AUCH WENN NUR AUF DREI STEINEN, SO IST ER UNREIN. DER ÖLBEHÄLTER, DER GEWÜRZBEHÄLTER UND DER LAMPENBEHÄLTER AM HERDE WERDEN UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND WERDEN NICHT UNREIN DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SIND SIE REIN.",
+ "IST EIN OFEN VON AUSSEN GEHEIZT WORDEN, ODER IST ER OHNE SEIN WISSEN GEHEIZT WORDEN, ODER IST ER IM HAUSE DES MEISTERS GEHEIZT WORDEN, SO IST ER UNREIN. EINST EREIGNETE ES SICH, DASS UNTER DEN ÖFEN VON KEPHAR SIGNA FEUER AUSBRACH, UND ALS DIE SACHE NACH JABNE KAM, ERKLÄRTE SIE R. GAMLIÉL ALS UNREIN.",
+ "DER ANSATZ DES OFENS FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST REIN UND FÜR DEN DER BÄCKER IST UNREIN, WEIL ER DARAN DEN BRATSPIESS LEHNT. R. JOḤANAN DER SCHUSTER SAGT, WEIL ER IM BEDARFSFALLE DARIN BACKT. DESGLEICHEN IST DER KESSELANSATZ DER OLIVENSIEDER UNREIN UND DER DER FÄRBER REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN IN EINEN OFEN BIS ZUR HÄLFTE ERDE GETAN, SO IST ER VON DER ERDE ABWÄRTS UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG, UND VON DER ERDE AUFWÄRTS UNREIN [AUCH] DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM. HAT MAN IHN ÜBER DIE MÜNDUNG EINER GRUBE ODER EINER ZISTERNE GESTELLT UND DA[RUNTER] EINEN STEIN GESETZT, SO IST ER, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, FALLS ER, WENN MAN IHN UNTEN HEIZT, OBEN MITGEHEIZT WIRD, UNREIN; WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, WENN ER NUR GEHEIZT WORDEN IST, IN WELCHER WEISE AUCH, SEI ER UNREIN.",
+ "WIE IST EIN UNREIN GEWORDENER OFEN REIN ZU MACHEN? MAN TEILE IHN IN DREI TEILE UND KRATZE AUCH DEN PUTZ WEG, BIS ER SICH AUF DER ERDE BEFINDET. R. MEÍR SAGT, MAN BRAUCHE DEN PUTZ NICHT WEGZUKRATZEN, AUCH NICHT BIS ER SICH AUF DER ERDE BEFINDET, VIELMEHR VERRINGERE MAN IHN INWENDIG AUF UNTER VIER HANDBREITEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, MAN MÜSSE IHN AUCH WEGRÜCKEN. HAT MAN IHN IN ZWEI TEILE GETEILT, EINER GRÖSSER UND EINER KLEINER, SO IST DER GRÖSSERE UNREIN UND DER KLEINERE REIN. HAT MAN IHN IN DREI GETEILT, EINER ABER SO GROSS WIE DIE BEIDEN ANDEREN, SO IST DER GROSSE UNREIN UND DIE BEIDEN KLEINEN SIND REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN IHN IN DER BREITE IN RINGE UNTER VIER HANDBREITEN ZERSCHNITTEN, SO IST ER REIN. HAT MAN IHN WIEDER MIT LEHM ÜBERSTRICHEN, SO IST ER FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH, SOBALD MAN IHN SO GEHEIZT HAT, DASS MAN DARIN SCHWAMMKUCHEN BACKEN KANN. HAT MAN DEN PUTZ ABSTEHEND AUFGETRAGEN UND DAZWISCHEN SAND ODER GERÖLL GETAN, – VON EINEM SOLCHEN SAGTEN SIE, EINE MENSTRUIERENDE UND EINE REINE DÜRFEN DARIN BACKEN, UND ER BLEIBE REIN.",
+ "WENN EIN OFEN ZERSCHNITTEN AUS DEM HAUSE DES WERKMEISTERS GEKOMMEN IST UND MAN IHN, ALS ER NOCH REIN WAR, MIT KLAMMERN BEFESTIGT HAT UND ER DARAUF UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, SO IST ER, WENN MAN DIE KLAMMERN ENTFERNT, REIN; LEGT MAN SIE WIEDER AN, SO BLEIBT ER REIN. VERSCHMIERT MAN IHN ABER MIT LEHM, SO IST ER FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH, OHNE GEHEIZT WERDEN ZU MÜSSEN, WEIL ER BEREITS GEHEIZT WORDEN IST.",
+ "HAT MAN IHN IN RINGE ZERSCHNITTEN UND ZWISCHEN DIE RINGE SAND GETAN, SO IST ER NACH R. ELIE͑ZER REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. DIES IST DER OFEN DES A͑KHNAJ. ARABISCHE KESSEL, DIE MAN IN DIE ERDE EINGRÄBT UND MIT LEHM ÜBERSTREICHT, SIND, WENN DER LEHMBEWURF ALLEIN STEHEN KANN, UNREIN, WENN ABER NICHT, REIN. DIES IST DER OFEN DES BETH DINAJ.",
+ "EIN OFEN AUS STEIN ODER AUS METALL IST REIN, JEDOCH [IST LETZTERER] UNREIN ALS METALLGERÄT. WENN ER EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HAT, BESCHÄDIGT WORDEN ODER GEPLATZT IST UND MAN IHN MIT PUTZ ODER EINEM AUFSATZ AUS LEHM VERSEHEN HAT, SO IST ER UNREIN. WIE GROSS MUSS DAS LOCH SEIN? DASS DAS FEUER DURCHSCHLÄGT. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINEM KOCHHERDE. EIN KOCHHERD AUS STEIN ODER AUS METALL IST REIN, JEDOCH [IST LETZTERER] UNREIN ALS METALLGERÄT. WENN ER EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HAT, BFSCHÄDIGT WORDEN ODER GEPLATZT IST UND MAN IHN MIT HALTEFÜSSENVERSEHEN HAT, SO IST ER UNREIN. HAT MAN IHN MIT LEHM ÜBERSCHMIERT, OB INNEN ODER AUSSEN, SO BLEIBT ER REIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN INNEN, SEI ER UNREIN, WENN AUSSEN, SEI ER REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "HAT MAN AUF DER ERDE DREI HALTEFÜSSE GEMACHT UND SIE MIT LEHM VERBUNDEN, UM DARAUF EINEN KOCHTOPF ZU SETZEN, SO IST ES UNREIN. HAT MAN DREI NÄGEL IN DIE ERDE GESCHLAGEN, UM DARAUF EINEN KOCHTOPF ZU SETZEN, SO IST DIES, OBGLEICH MAN OBEN EINE VORRICHTUNG ZUM AUFSETZEN DES KOCHTOPFES GEMACHT HAT, REIN. HAT MAN ZWEI STEINE MIT LEHM VERBUNDEN UND DARAUS EINEN KOCHHERD GEMACHT, SO IST ES, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, REIN, BIS MAN EINEN DRITTEN DAZU NIMMT, ODER SIE NAHE AN DIE WAND SETZT. WENN EINEN MIT LEHM UND EINEN OHNE LEHM, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "EIN STEIN, AUF DEN MAN MIT DEM OFEN ZUSAMMEN, MIT DEM KOCHHERDE ZUSAMMEN ODER MIT DEM KOCHOFEN ZUSAMMEN [DEN KOCHTOPF] AUFSETZT, IST UNREIN; WENN AUF DIESEN UND EINEN STEIN, AUF DIESEN UND EINEN FELSEN ODER AUF DIESEN UND DIE WAND, SO IST ER REIN. SOLCHES WAR DER FELSENHERD DER NAZIRÄER IN JERUŠALEM. WENN VOM SCHLÄCHTERHERDE, BEI DEM MAN EINEN STEIN NEBEN DEN ANDEREN SETZT, EINER VON IHNEN UNREIN GEWORDEN IST. SO SIND ALLE ÜBRIGEN NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "WENN MAN AUS DREI STEINEN ZWEI KOCHHERDE HERGERICHTET HAT, SO IST, WENN EINER VON DEN ÄUSSEREN UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, VOM MITTELSTEN DER DEM UNREINEN DIENENDE TEIL UNREIN, UND DER DEM REINEN DIENENDE TEIL REIN. WIRD DER REINE FORTGENOMMEN, SO GEHÖRT DER MITTELSTE VOLLSTÄNDIG ZUM UNREINEN, UND WIRD DER UNREINE FORTGENOMMEN, SO GEHÖRT DER MITTELSTE VOLLSTÄNDIG ZUM REINEN. SIND DIE BEIDEN ÄUSSEREN UNREIN GEWORDEN, SO GEHÖRT, WENN DER MITTELSTE GROSS IST, ZU DEM EINEN AN DER EINEN SEITE SOVIEL, ALS ZUM AUFSETZEN NÖTIG IST, UND ZUM ANDEREN AN DER ANDEREN SOVIEL, ALS ZUM AUFSETZEN NÖTIG IST, UND DAS ÜBRIGE IST REIN; IST ER ABER KLEIN, SO IST ER VOLLSTÄNDIG UNREIN. WIRD DER MITTELSTE FORTGENOMMEN, SO IST DAS GANZE, WENN MAN DARAUF EINEN GROSSEN KESSEL AUFSETZEN KANN, UNREIN. STELLT MAN IHN WIEDER HIN, SO IST ALLES REIN. ÜBERSTREICHT MAN IHN MIT LEHM, SO IST [DER KOCHHERD] FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH, SOBALD MAN IHN SO HEIZT, DASS MAN DARAUF EIN EI KOCHEN KANN.",
+ "WENN MAN ZWEI STEINE ZU EINEM KOCHHERDE HERGERICHTET HAT UND SIE UNREIN GEWORDEN SIND, SO IST, WENN MAN AN DER EINEN SEITE EINEN STEIN NEBEN DEN EINEN UND AN DER ANDEREN SEITE EINEN STEIN NEBEN DEN ANDEREN GESETZT HAT, DER EINE ZUR HÄLFTE UNREIN UND ZUR HÄLFTE REIN, UND DER ANDERE ZUR HÄLFTE UNREIN UND ZUR HÄLFTE REIN. WERDEN DIE REINEN FORTGENOMMEN, SO GELANGEN DIE ANDEREN ZURÜCK ZU IHRER UNREINHEIT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EIN HEIZKORB FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH WENIGER ALS DREI HANDBREITEN DURCHBROCHEN WIRD, SO IST ER UNREIN, WEIL MAN UNTEN HEIZEN UND DER TOPF OBEN KOCHEN KANN; WENN MEHR, SO IST ER REIN. HAT MAN EINEN STEIN ODER GERÖLL HINEINGETAN, SO BLEIBT ER REIN; HAT MAN IHN MIT LEHM VERSCHMIERT, SO IST ER VON DANN AB FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH. DIES WAR ES, WORAUF R. JEHUDA SICH BEZOG BEI SEINER ERWIDERUNG HINSICHTLICH EINES OFENS, DEN MAN AUF EINE GRUBE ODER EINE ZISTERNE GESETZT HAT.",
+ "DIE WÄRMEPLATTE, DIE VERTIEFUNGEN FÜR DIE TÖPFE HAT, IST ALS KOCHHERD REIN UND ALS AUFNEHMENDES GEFÄSS UNREIN; WAS DIE SEITEN BERÜHRT, IST NICHT WIE BEIM KOCHHERDE UNREIN, UND DIE BREITEIST NACH R. MEÍR REIN UND NACH R. JEHUDA UNREIN. DESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN MAN EINEN KORB UMSTÜLPT UND OBEN EINEN KOCHHERD HERRICHTET.",
+ "IST EIN KOCHHERD IN DER LÄNGE GETEILT WORDEN, SO IST ER REIN, UND WENN IN DER BREITE, UNREIN. IST EIN KOCHOFEN GETEILT WORDEN, OB IN DER LÄNGE ODER IN DER BREITE, SO IST ER REIN. DER HOF DES KOCHHERDESIST, WENN ER DREI FINGERBREITEN HOCH IST, DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM UNREIN; WENN WENIGER, SO IST ER DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREIN UND DURCH DEN ḤOHLRAUM NICHT UNREIN. WIE BERECHNET MAN DIES? R. JIŠMA͑ÉL SAGTE, MAN LEGE DEN BRATSPIESS VON OBEN NACH UNTENAN, UND DIESEM ENTSPRECHEND IST DER HOHLRAUM UNREIN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, WIRD DER KOCHHERD UNREIN, SEI AUCH DER HOF UNREIN, WIRD DER HOF UNREIN, SEI DER KOCHHERD NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "IST ER VOM KOCHHERDE GETRENNT, SO IST ER, WENN ER DREI FINGERBREITEN HOCH IST, DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM UNREIN, WENN ABER WENIGER, ODER WENN ER FLACH IST, REIN. DREI HALTEFÜSSE EINES KOCHHERDESSIND, WENN SIE DREI FINGERBREITEN HOCH SIND, DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM UNREIN, UND WENN WENIGER, SO SIND SIE ERST RECHT UNREIN, AUCH WENN ES VIER SIND.",
+ "IST EINER VON IHNEN FORTGENOMMEN WORDEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG, NICHT ABER SIND SIE UNREIN DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N SIND SIE REIN. WAREN ES [VON VORNHEREIN] NUR ZWEI, EINER GEGENÜBER DEM ANDEREN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N SIND SIE REIN. SIND SIE HÖHER ALS DREI FINGERBREITEN, SO SIND SIE UNTERHALB DREI UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM, OBERHALB DREI ABER SIND SIE UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG, NICHT ABER UNREIN DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N SIND SIE REIN. RAGEN SIE ÜBER DEN RAND HINAUS, SO SIND SIE INNERHALB DREI FINGERBREITEN UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM, AUSSERHALB DREI FINGERBREITEN ABER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG UND NICHT UNREIN DURCH DEN HOHLRAUM – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N SIND SIE REIN.",
+ "WIE BERECHNET MAN DIES? R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGTE, MAN LEGE DAS LINEAL ZWISCHEN DIESE, WAS AUSSERHALB DES LINEALS IST, IST REIN, UND WAS INNERHALB DES LINEALS IST, UND DER RAUM DES LINEALS, SIND UNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "HAT MAN EINEN BACKOFEN DURCH EINE SCHEIDEWAND VON BRETTERN ODER HÄNGETEPPICHEN GETEILT, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER AN EINER STELLE GEFUNDEN WIRD, ALLES UNREIN. WENN MAN EINEN BESCHÄDIGTEN, ABER MIT STROH VERSTOPFTEN BIENENKORB, IN DEM EIN KRIECHTIER SICH BEFINDET, IM HOHLRAUME EINES OFENS HÄNGEN LÄSST, SO IST DER OFEN UNREIN; BEFINDET SICH EIN KRIECHTIER IM OFEN, SO SIND DIE SPEISEN IN JENEM UNREIN; NACH R. ELIE͑ZER ABER REIN. R. ELIE͑ZER SPRACH: WENN DIES VOR DER SCHWEREN LEICHEN[UNREINHEIT] SCHÜTZT, WIE SOLLTE ES NICHT VOR DER LEICHTEREN DES TONGEFÄSSES SCHÜTZEN!? MAN ERWIDERTE IHM: WENN DIES AUCH VOR DER SCHWEREN LEICHEN[UNREINHEIT] SCHÜTZT, WOBEI ABER DIE BEZELTUNG GETEILT WIRD, SOLLTE DIES DENN BEI DER LEICHTEN DES TONGEFÄSSES SCHÜTZEN, WO DOCH DAS TONGEFÄSS NICHT GETEILT WERDEN KANN!?",
+ "IST ER GANZ, EBENSO EINE KIEPE ODER EIN SCHLAUCH, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH IN DIESEM BEFINDET, DER OFEN REIN, UND WENN EIN KRIECHTIER IM OFEN SICH BEFINDET, SO SIND DIE SPEISEN IN JENEM REIN. HABEN SIE EIN LOCH, SO GILT BEI DIESEN, WENN SIE FÜR SPEISEN DIENEN, DAS GRÖSSENMASS EINER OLIVE, WENN SIE FÜR FLÜSSIGKEITEN DIENEN, DAS BEI FLÜSSIGKEITEN BESTIMMTE GRÖSSENMASS, UND WENN FÜR DIESE UND FÜR JENE, DAS ERSCHWERENDE [MASS], WENN FLÜSSIGKEITEN EINDRINGEN KÖNNEN.",
+ "LIEGT AUF DER MÜNDUNG EINES OFENS EIN IN DIESEN HINEINSINKENDER LÖCHERDECKEL OHNE RAND, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH IN DIESEM BEFINDET, DER OFEN UNREIN, UND WENN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH IM OFEN BEFINDET, SIND DIE SPEISEN IN DIESEM UNREIN, DENN NUR GEFÄSSE SCHÜTZEN VOR [DER UNREINHEIT] DES TONGEFÄSSES. WENN EIN MIT REINEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN GEFÜLLTES FASS UNTERHALB DER SOHLE EINES OFENS GESETZT IST UND IM OFEN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH BEFINDET, SO SIND DAS FASS UND DIE FLÜSSIGKEITEN REIN. IST ES UMGESTÜLPT MIT DER MÜNDUNG GEGEN DEN HOHLRAUM DES OFENS, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH IM OFEN BEFINDET, DIE DEN BODEN DES FASSES BEFEUCHTENDE FLÜSSIGKEIT REIN.",
+ "WIRD EIN KOCHTOPF IN EINEN OFEN GESETZT, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH IM OFEN BEFINDET, DER KOCHTOPF REIN, DENN EIN TONGEFÄSS MACHT GERÄTE NICHT UNREIN; IST ABER DARIN EINE BEFEUCHTENDE FLÜSSIGKEIT, SO WIRD SIE UNREIN UND MACHT UNREIN. DIESER KANN ALSO SAGEN: WAS DICH UNREIN GEMACHT HAT, MACHT MICH NICHT UNREIN, DU ABER HAST MICH UNREIN GEMACHT.",
+ "WENN EIN HAHN EIN KRIECHTIER VERSCHLUNGEN HAT UND IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES OFENS GEFALLEN IST, SO IST DER OFEN REIN; VERENDET ER, SO IST ER UNREIN. WIRD EIN KRIECHTIER IN EINEM OFEN GEFUNDEN, SO IST DAS IN DIESEM BEFINDLICHE BROT ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN], DENN DER OFEN IST ERSTGRADIG.",
+ "WENN EIN MIT EINEM FESTSCHLIESSENDEN DECKEL VERSEHENER SAUERTEIGBEHÄLTER, IN DEM DURCH DIE TEILUNGSWAND GETRENNT SAUERTEIG UND EIN KRIECHTIER SICH BEFINDEN, IN EINEN OFEN GETAN WIRD, SO IST DER OFEN UNREIN UND DER SAUERTEIG REIN. IST ES EIN OLIVENGROSSES VON EINEM TOTEN, SO SIND DER OFEN UND DAS HAUS UNREIN UND DER SAUERTEIG REIN; IST [AM BEHÄLTER] EINE ÖFFNUNG VON FAUSTWEITE, SO IST ALLES UNREIN.",
+ "WIRD EIN KRIECHTIER IM AUGE DES BACKOFENS GEFUNDEN, IM AUGE DES KOCHHERDES ODER IM AUGE DES KOCHOFENS, SO IST ER, WENN VOM INNEREN RANDE NACH AUSSEN, REIN. BEFINDET SICH [DER OFEN] IM FREIEN, SO IST ER, SELBST WENN ES EIN OLIVENGROSSES VON EINEM TOTEN IST, REIN; HAT ER EINE ÖFFNUNG VON FAUSTWEITE, SO IST ALLES UNREIN.",
+ "FINDET ES SICH AN DER STELLE, WO DAS HOLZ HINEINGETAN WIRD, SO IST ER, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN VOM ÄUSSEREN RANDE NACH INNEN, UNREIN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, WENN VOM INNEREN RANDE NACH AUSSEN, REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, WENN GEGENÜBER DER STELLE, WO DER KOCHTOPF AUFGESETZT WIRD, NACH INNEN, SEI ER UNREIN, UND WENN GEGENÜBER DER STELLE, WO DER KOCHTOPF AUFGESETZT WIRD, NACH AUSSEN, REIN. FINDET ES SICH AUF DEM SITZPLATZE DES BADERS, AUF DEM SITZPLATZE DES FÄRBERS, AUF DEM SITZPLATZE DES OLIVENSIEDERS, SO IST ER REIN; ER IST NUR DANN UNREIN, WENN ES SICH VOM VERSCHLUSSENACH INNEN BEFINDET.",
+ "EIN SCHMELZLOCH, DAS EINE VORRICHTUNG ZUM AUFSETZENHAT, IST UNREIN; EBENSO IST [DER OFEN] DER GLASMACHER, WENN ER EINE VORRICHTUNG ZUM AUFSETZEN HAT, UNREIN. DER SCHMELZOFEN DER KALKBRENNER, DER GLASER UND DER TÖPFER IST REIN. DER BÄCKEROFENIST, WENN ER LEISTENHAT, UNREIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN ER EIN LÖCHERDACHHAT. R. GAMLIÉL SAGT, WENN ER EINEN SAUMHAT.",
+ "WENN JEMAND, DER EINEN LEICHENUNREINEN BERÜHRT HAT, SPEISEN UND FLÜSSIGKEITEN IM MUNDE HAT UND DEN KOPF IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES REINEN OFENS STECKT, SO HABEN SIE IHN UNREIN GEMACHT. WENN EIN REINER SPEISEN UND FLÜSSIGKEITEN IM MUNDE HAT UND DEN KOPF IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES UNREINEN OFENS STECKT, SO WERDEN SIE UNREIN. WENN JEMAND EINE PRESSFEIGE MIT NICHT REINEN HÄNDEN ISST UND DIE HAND IN DEN MUND STECKT, UM EIN SPÄNCHEN HERAUSZUNEHMEN, SO IST ER NACH R. MEÍR UNREIN UND NACH R. JEHUDA REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, HAT ER IHN UMGEWENDET, SEI ER UNREIN, UND HAT ER IHN NICHT UMGEWENDET, SEI ER REIN. HATTE ER EINEN PONDION IM MUNDE, SO IST ER, WIE R. JOSE SAGT, WENN WEGEN DES DURSTES, UNREIN.",
+ "WENN EINEM [UNREINEN] WEIBE MILCH AUS DER BRUST GETROPFT UND IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES BACKOFENS GEFALLEN IST, SO IST ER UNREIN, DENN DIE [UNREINE] FLÜSSIGKEIT MACHT UNREIN OB GEWOLLT ODER UNGEWOLLT. WENN SIE EINEN AUSRAFFT, SICH AN EINEM SPLITTER STICHT UND BLUT HERAUSKOMMT, ODER SIE SICH VERBRENNT UND DEN FINGER IN DEN MUND STECKT, SO IST ER UNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EINE NADEL ODER EIN RING AUF DER SOHLE EINES OFENS GEFUNDEN WIRD, SIE ZU SEHEN SIND, ABER NICHT HERAUSRAGEN, SO IST ER, FALLS DER TEIG SIE BEIM BACKEN BERÜHREN WÜRDE, UNREIN. VON WELCHEM TEIGE SPRECHEN SIE? VON MITTELMÄSSIGEM TEIGE. FINDEN SIE SICH IM PUTZ DES OFENS, DER MIT EINEM FESTSCHLIESSENDEN DECKEL VERSEHEN IST, SO SIND SIE, WENN IN EINEM UNREINEN, UNREIN, UND WENN IN EINEM REINEN, REIN. FINDEN SIE SICH IM SPUNDE EINES FASSES, SO SIND SIE, WENN AN DER SEITE, UNREIN, UND WENN GEGEN DIE MÜNDUNG, REIN. WENN SIE INNEN ZU SEHEN SIND, ABER NICHT IN DEN HOHLRAUM [RAGEN], SO SIND SIE REIN. WENN SIE HINEINSINKEN, ABER DARUNTER NOCH WIE EINE KNOBLAUCHSCHALE [LEHM] IST, SO SIND SIE REIN.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS VOLL MIT REINEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN, DER HEBER DARIN, MIT EINEM FESTSCHLIESSENDEN DECKEL VERSEHEN, SICH IN EINEM TOTENZELTE BEFINDET, SO SIND, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DAS FASS UND DIE FLÜSSIGKEITEN REIN UND DER HEBER UNREIN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, AUCH DER HEBER REIN. DIE SCHULE HILLELS TRAT ABER ZURÜCK UND LEHRTE WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS.",
+ "WIRD EIN KRIECHTIER UNTERHALB DER SOHLE EINES OFENS GEFUNDEN, SO IST ER REIN, DENN ICH NEHME AN, ES SEI LEBEND HINEINGEKOMMEN UND ERST JETZT VERENDET. WENN EINE NADEL ODER EIN RING UNTERHALB DER SOHLE EINES OFENS GEFUNDEN WERDEN, SO IST ER REIN, DENN ICH NEHME AN, SIE WAREN DORT, BEVOR DER OFEN HINGESETZT WURDE. WERDEN SIE IN DER BRANDASCHE GEFUNDEN, SO IST ER UNREIN, WEIL ES HIERBEI KEINE DERARTIGE ANNAHME GIBT.",
+ "WENN EIN SCHWAMM, DER UNREINE FLÜSSIGKEITEN EINGESOGEN HAT, AUSSEN ABER TROCKEN IST, IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES OFENS GEFALLEN IST, SO IST DIESER UNREIN, WEIL ENDLICH DIE FLÜSSIGKEIT HERAUSKOMMT. EBENSO EIN STÜCK KOHLRÜBE ODER SCHILF. NACH R. ŠIMO͑N IST ER BEI DIESEN BEIDEN REIN.",
+ "WENN SCHERBEN, DIE ZU UNREINEN FLÜSSIGKEITEN VERWENDET WORDEN SIND, IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES OFENS GEFALLEN SIND UND ER GEHEIZT WORDEN IST, SO IST DER OFEN UNREIN, WEIL ENDLICH DIE FLÜSSIGKEIT HERAUSKOMMT. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON FRISCHEN TRESTERN; WENN ABER ALTE, SO IST ER REIN. IST ES ABER SICHER, DASS AUS IHNEN NOCH FLÜSSIGKEIT HERAUSKOMMT, SO IST ER, AUCH WENN NACH DREI JAHREN, UNREIN.",
+ "WENN AUF TRESTERN UND SCHLAUBEN, DIE IN REINHEIT ZUBEREITET WORDEN SIND, UNREINE GEGANGEN SIND, UND NACHHER FLÜSSIGKEITEN AUS IHNEN HERAUSGEKOMMEN SIND, SO SIND SIE REIN, WEIL SIE ANFANGS IN REINHEIT ZUBEREITET WORDEN SIND. WENN IN EINE SPINDEL DER HAKEN, IN EINEN OCHSENSTECKEN DER STACHEL ODER IN EINEN ZIEGELSTEIN EIN RING HINEINGESUNKEN SIND, ALS SIE REIN WAREN, UND DIESE IN EIN TOTENZELT KOMMEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. SCHÜTTELT SIE EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. FALLEN SIE DANN IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES REINEN OFENSSO MACHEN SIE IHN UNREIN. BERÜHRT SIE EIN LAIB VON HEBE, SO BLEIBT ER REIN.",
+ "WENN EIN LÖCHERDECKEL AUF DER MÜNDUNG EINES OFENS FESTSCHLIESSEND LIEGT UND ZWISCHEN DEM OFEN UND DEM LÖCHERDECKEL EINE SPALTE ENTSTEHT, SO GILT FÜR DIESE ALS MASSDAS ENDE EINES OCHSENSTECKENS, WENN ER AUCH NICHT HINEINGEHT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DASS ER HINEINGEHT. HAT DER LÖCHERDECKEL EINE SPALTE BEKOMMEN, SO GILT FÜR DIESE ALS MASS DAS ENDE EINES OCHSENSTECKENS, DASS ER HINEINGEHT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN ER AUCH NICHT HINEINGEHT. IST SIE RUND, SO WIRD SIE NICHT ALS LÄNGLICHANGESEHEN, VIELMEHR GILT FÜR DIESE ALS MASS DAS ENDE EINES OCHSENSTECKENS, DASS ES HINEINGEHT.",
+ "HAT EIN OFEN AM AUGEEIN LOCH BEKOMMEN, SO GILT DAFÜR ALS MASS, DASS EINE SPINDEL BRENNEND HINEIN UND HERAUS KANN; R. JEHUDA SAGT, NICHT BRENNEND. HAT ER DAS LOCH AN DER SEITE DESSELBEN BEKOMMEN, SO GILT DAFÜR ALS MASS, DASS EINE SPINDEL NICHT BRENNEND HINEIN UND HERAUS KANN; R. JEHUDA SAGT, BRENNEND. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, WENN IN DER MITTE, MÜSSE SIE HINEINGEHEN KÖNNEN, WENN AN DER SEITE, BRAUCHT SIE NICHT HINEINGEHEN ZU KÖNNEN. EBENSO SAGT ER ES VOM SPUNDE EINES FASSES, DER EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HAT, WOBEI DIE DICKE DES ZWEITEN KNOTENS AM ROGGENHALME ALS MASS GILT: WENN IN DER MITTE, MUSS ER HINEINGEHEN KÖNNEN, WENN AN DER SEITE, BRAUCHT ER NICHT HINEINGEHEN ZU KÖNNEN. UND EBENSO SAGTE ER ES [VON DEN SPUNDEN] DER GROSSEN KANNEN, DIE EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN HABEN, WOBEI DIE DICKE DES ZWEITEN KNOTENS AM SCHILFROHRE ALS MASS GILT: WENN IN DER MITTE, MUSS ER HINEINGEHEN KÖNNEN, WENN AN DER SEITE, BRAUCHT ER NICHT HINEINGEHEN ZU KÖNNEN. DIES NUR IN DEM FALLE, WENN SIE FÜR WEIN DIENEN, DIENEN SIE ABER FÜR ANDERE FLÜSSIGKEITEN, SO SIND SIE BEIM KLEINSTEN [LOCHE] VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG. FERNER GILT DIES NUR IN DEM FALLE, WENN SIE NICHT DURCH MENSCHENHAND ENTSTANDEN SIND, SIND SIE ABER DURCH MENSCHENHAND ENTSTANDEN, SO SIND SIE BEIM KLEINSTEN VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIIG. HABEN [DIE GEFÄSSE SELBST] EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN, SO GILT DABEI, WENN SIE FÜR SPEISEN DIENEN, DAS GRÖSSENMASS EINER OLIVE, UND WENN SIE FÜR FLÜSSIGKEITEN DIENEN, DAS BEI FLÜSSIGKEITEN BESTIMMTE GRÖSSENMASS; WENN FÜR DIESE UND FÜR JENE, DANN ERSCHWEREND: EIN FESTSCHLIESSENDER DECKEL, UND DASS FLÜSSIGKEITEN EINDRINGEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "FOLGENDE GEFÄSSE SIND DURCH EINEN FESTSCHLIESSENDEN DECKEL GESCHÜTZT. GEFÄSSE AUS RINDERMIST, GEFÄSSE AUS STEIN, GEFÄSSE AUS ERDE, GEFÄSSE AUS TON, GEFÄSSE AUS NATRON, AUS GRÄTEN UND HAUT VON EINEM FISCHE, AUS KNOCHEN UND HAUT VON EINEM SEETIERE UND REINBLEIBENDE HOLZGERÄTE. SIE SCHÜTZEN, EINERLEI OB [DER DECKEL] SICH AN DER MÜNDUNG ODER AN DER SEITE BEFINDET, OB SIE AUF IHREM BODEN STEHEN ODER AUF DER SEITE LIEGEN; AUF DIE MÜNDUNG GESTÜLPT SCHÜTZEN SIE ALLES UNTER IHNEN BIS ZUM ABGRUNDE. NACH R. ELIE͑ZER IST ES UNREIN. SIE SCHÜTZEN ALLES, AUSGENOMMEN DAS TONGEFÄSS, DAS NUR SPEISEN, GETRÄNKE UND TONGEFÄSSE SCHÜTZT.",
+ "WOMIT KANN MAN VERBINDEN? MIT KALK, GIPS, PECH, WACHS, LEHM, KOT, MÖRTEL, TÖPFERLEHM UND ALLEM ANDEREN, WAS SICH VERSTREICHEN LÄSST. MAN KANN NICHT VERBINDEN MIT ZINN ODER BLEI, WEIL DIESE EIN VERSCHLUSS SIND, ABER KEINE BINDUNG. MAN VERBINDE NICHT MIT EINER FETTEN PRESSFEIGE ODER MIT TEIG, DER MIT FRUCHTSAFT GEKNETET IST, DAMIT MAN ES NICHT ZUR UNTAUGLICHWERDUNG BRINGE. HAT MAN DAMIT VERBUNDEN, SO SCHÜTZT ES.",
+ "DER GELOCKERTE SPUND EINES FASSES, DER ABER NICHT HERAUSFÄLLT, SCHÜTZT, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ER SCHÜTZE NICHT. RAGT DIE FINGERVERTIEFUNG IN [DAS FASS] HINEIN, SO IST, WENN EIN KRIECHTIER DARIN IST, DAS FASS UNREIN, UND WENN EIN KRIECHTIER IM FASSE IST, SIND DIE SPEISEN DARIN UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN BALL ODER EINEN KNÄUEL AUS SCHILF AUF DIE MÜNDUNG DES FASSES GELEGT UND NUR DIE SEITEN VERSTRICHEN, SO SCHÜTZT DIES NICHT; NUR WENN MAN DARÜBER UND DARUNTER VERSTRICHEN HAT. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINEM STOFFLAPPEN. IST ES ABER AUS RAPIER ODER LEDER UND MIT EINER SCHNUR FESTGEBUNDEN, SO SCHÜTZT ES, AUCH WENN MAN NUR DIE SEITEN VERSTRICHEN HAT.",
+ "EIN ABGEBLÄTTERTES FASS, DESSEN PECH SICH NOCH HÄLT, EBENSO AM RANDE VERGIPSTE SALZBRÜHE-KRÜGE, SCHÜTZEN, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, NICHT; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, SIE SCHÜTZEN WOHL.",
+ "WENN EIN FASS EIN LOCH BEKOMMEN UND DIE HEFE ES VERSTOPFT HAT, SO SCHÜTZT SIE ES. HAT MAN ES MIT EINEM BÜSCHEL VERSTOPFT, DANN NUR WENN MAN ES AN DEN SEITEN VERSTRICHEN HAT; SIND ES ZWEI, NUR DANN, WENN MAN ES AN DEN SEITEN UND ZWISCHEN DEM EINEN BÜSCHEL UND DEM ANDEREN VERSTRICHEN HAT. IST EIN BRETT AUF DIE MÜNDUNG EINES OFENS GELEGT, SO SCHÜTZT ES, WENN MAN ES AN DEN SEITEN VERSTRICHEN HAT; SIND ES ZWEI, NUR DANN, WENN MAN AN DEN SEITEN UND ZWISCHEN DEM EINEN BRETT UND DEM ANDEREN VERSTRICHEN HAT, SIND SIE DURCH ZAPFEN ODER FUGEN VERBUNDEN, SO BRAUCHT MAN IN DER MITTE NICHT ZU VERSTREICHEN.",
+ "WENN EIN ALTER OFEN SICH IN EINEM NEUEN OFEN BEFINDET UND EIN LÖCHERDECKEL AUF DEM ALTEN IST, SO IST, WENN BEIM FORTNEHMEN DES ALTEN DER LÖCHERDECKEL HINEINFÄLLT, ALLES UNREIN, WENN ABER NICHT, ALLES REIN. BEFINDET SICH DER NEUE IM ALTEN, UND DER LÖCHERDECKEL AUF DEM ALTEN, SO IST, WENN ZWISCHEN DEM NEUEN UND DEM LÖCHERDECKEL KEINE FAUSTWEITE IST, ALLES, WAS SICH IM NEUEN BEFINDET, UNREIN.",
+ "WENN KASSEROLLEN SICH IN EINANDER BEFINDEN UND IHRE RÄNDER OBEN GLEICH SIND, SO IST, WENN IN DER OBEREN ODER IN DER UNTEREN EIN KRIECHTIER SICH BEFINDET, DIESE UNREIN UND DIE ANDEREN SIND REIN. LASSEN SIE ABER FLÜSSIGKEITEN EINDRINGEN, SO SIND, WENN DAS KRIECHTIER SICH IN DER OBEREN BEFINDET, ALLE UNREIN; WENN IN DER UNTEREN, SO IST DIESE UNREIN UND ALLE ANDEREN SIND REIN; UND WENN DAS KRIECHTIER SICH IN DER OBEREN BEFINDET, UND DIE UNTERE DIESE ÜBERRAGT, SO SIND DIESE UND DIE UNTERE UNREIN. WENN IN DER OBEREN UND DIE UNTERE DIESE ÜBERRAGT, SO IST ALLES DARIN, WAS VON EINER FLÜSSIGKEIT BEFEUCHTET IST, UNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "METALLGERÄTE, OB FLACH ODER VERTIEFT, SIND UNREIN; ZERBRECHEN SIE, SO SIND SIE REIN, MACHT MAN WIEDER AUS IHNEN GERÄTE, SO GELANGEN SIE ZURÜCK IN IHRE ALTE UNREINHEIT. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, DIES GELTE NICHT VON JEDER UNREINHEIT, SONDERN NUR VON DER LEICHENUNREINHEIT.",
+ "JEDES METALLGERÄT, DAS EINEN EIGENEN NAMEN HAT, IST UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DIE TÜR, DER RIEGEL, DAS SCHLOSS, DIE PFANNE UNTER DER TÜRANGEL, DIE TÜRANGEL, DER BALKEN UND DIE RINNE, DIE AN DEN BODEN BEFESTIGT WERDEN.",
+ "WENN MAN GERÄTE GEFERTIGT HAT AUS ROHEISEN, AUS BLOCKEISEN, AUS EINEM RADREIFEN, AUS PLATTEN, AUS ÜBERZÜGEN, AUS GESTELLEN VON GEFÄSSEN, AUS RÄNDERN VON GEFÄSSEN, AUS HENKELN VON GEFÄSSEN, AUS ABFÄLLEN ODER AUS FEILENSPÄNEN, SO SIND SIE REIN. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SAGT, AUCH WENN AUS ZERSCHNITTENEN GEFÄSSEN. WENN AUS BRUCHSTÜKKEN VON GEFÄSSEN, AUS SCHROTEISEN ODER AUS NÄGELN, VON DENEN BEKANNT IST, DASS SIE AUS GEFÄSSEN GEMACHT WURDEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. WENN AUS NÄGELN, SO SIND SIE NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UNREIN UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN UNREINES EISEN MIT REINEM EISEN GEMENGT, SO IST ES, WENN DAS UNREINE MEHR IST, UNREIN, WENN DAS REINE MEHR IST, REIN, UND WENN HÄLFTE GEGEN HÄLFTE, UNREIN. EBENSO AUCH BEI [EINEM GERÄTE] AUS ZEMENT UND RINDERMIST. DER SCHIEBERIEGEL IST UNREIN, DER [MIT METALL] ÜBERZOGENE IST REIN. DER SCHLOSSBÜGEL UND DAS HÄNGESCHLOSS SIND UNREIN. DEN SCHIEBERIEGEL DARF MAN, WIE R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, AM ŠABBATH AUS DER EINEN TÜR HERAUSZIEHEN UND IN EINE ANDERE TÜR EINSETZEN. R. TRYPHON SAGT, ER GLEICHE JEDEM ANDEREN GERÄTE UND DÜRFE [AM ŠABBATH] IM HOFE UMHERGETRAGEN WERDEN.",
+ "DAS GEBISS DER TRENSE IST UNREIN, DIE KNEBEL SIND REIN; NACH R. ELIE͑ZER SIND DIE KNEBEL UNREIN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, UNREIN SEI NUR DAS GEBISS, UND WENN SIE ZUSAMMEN SIND, SEI ALLES UNREIN.",
+ "DIE SPINDELKUGEL AUS METALL IST NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN; IST SIE [MIT METALL] ÜBERZOGEN, SO IST SIE REIN. DIE SPINDELSTANGE, DER ROCKEN, DER STECKEN, DIE SACKPFEIFE UND DIE FLÖTE AUS METALL SIND UNREIN; SIND SIE [MIT METALL] ÜBERZOGEN, SO SIND SIE REIN. HAT DIE SACKPFEIFE EINEN FLÜGELBEHÄLTER, SO IST SIE OB SO ODER SO UNREIN.",
+ "EIN RUNDES BLASHORN IST UNREIN, EIN GESTRECKTES IST REIN; IST DAS MUNDSTÜCK AUS METALL, SO IST ES UNREIN. DIE BREITSEITE DERSELBEN IST NACH R. TRYPHON UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN. IST SIE ZUSAMMENGESETZT, SO IST ALLES UNREIN. DESGLEICHEN SIND DIE ARME DES ARMLEUCHTERS REIN, DIE KELCHE UND DIE BASIS UNREIN, SIND SIE ZUSAMMENGESETZT, SO IST ALLES UNREIN.",
+ "DER HELM IST UNREIN, DIE STURMSCHIENEN SIND REIN; HABEN SIE EINEN BEHÄLTER FÜR WASSER, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. ALLE KRIEGSGERÄTE SIND UNREIN; DER SPEER, DIE LANZE, DIE BEINSCHIENEN UND DER PANZER SIND UNREIN. ALLE SCHMUCKSACHEN DER FRAUEN SIND UNREIN: DIE GOLDENE STADT, HALSKETTEN, OHRRINGE. FINGERRINGE, EINERLEI OB DER RING EIN SIEGEL HAT ODER KEIN SIEGEL HAT, UND NASENRINGE. WENN DIE GLIEDER DER KETTE AUS METALL SIND UND DER FADEN AUS LINNEN ODER WOLLE IST, SO SIND, WENN DER FADEN REISST, DIE GLIEDER UNREIN, DENN JEDES IST EIN GERÄT FÜR SICH. IST DER FADEN AUS METALL UND DIE GLIEDER AUS EDELSTEINEN, PERLEN ODER GLAS, SO IST, AUCH WENN DIE GLIEDER ZERBROCHEN SIND UND DER FADEN GANZ, DIESER UNREIN. DER REST EINER HALSKETTE, WENN ER FÜR DEN HALS EINES KLEINEN MÄDCHENS REICHT. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, AUCH EIN EINZELNES RINGELCHEN SEI UNREIN, WEIL MAN ES AN DEN HALS HÄNGT.",
+ "WENN EIN OHRGEHÄNGE, UNTEN TOPFFÖRMIGUND OBEN LINSENFÖRMIG, AUSEINANDERGEBROCHEN IST, SO IST DER TOPFFÖRMIGE TEIL ALS AUFNEHMENDES GEFÄSS UNREIN, DER LINSENFÖRMIGE FÜR SICH ALLEIN UNREIN, UND DAS HÄKCHEN IST REIN. IST ES TRAUBENFÖRMIG UND AUSEINANDERGEBROCHEN, SO IST ES REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DER RING FÜR MENSCHEN IST UNREIN, DER RING FÜR VIEH, GERÄTE UND ALLE SONSTIGEN RINGE SIND REIN. DER BALKEN FÜR PFEILE IST UNREIN, DER FÜR GEFANGENE IST REIN. DAS HALSEISEN IST UNREIN. EINE KETTE, DIE EINEN VERSCHLUSS HAT, IST UNREIN, DIE ZUM FESSELN DIENT, IST REIN. DIE KETTE DER GETREIDEHÄNDLER IST UNREIN, DIE FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST REIN. R. JOSE SAGTE: DIES NUR DANN, WENN SIE NUR EINEN VERSCHLUSS HAT, WENN ABER ZWEI, ODER EINE SCHNECKE AM ENDE ANGEBRACHT IST, SO IST SIE UNREIN.",
+ "DER WAGEBALKEN DER WOLLKÄMMER IST UNREIN WEGEN DER HAKEN; DER FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST, WENN ER HAKEN HAT, UNREIN. DIE TRAGE DER LASTTRÄGER IST REIN UND DIE DER GEWÜRZKRÄMER IST UNREIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, BEI DER DER GEWÜRZKRÄMER SEI DER VORDERE TEIL UNREIN UND DER HINTERE TEIL REIN. DER HAKEN DES RUHEBETTES IST UNREIN, DER DER BETTSTANGEN IST REIN. DER DES KASTENS IST UNREIN, DER DER FISCHREUSE IST REIN, DER DES TISCHES IST UNREIN, DER DES HÖLZERNEN LEUCHTERS IST REIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: DER MIT ‘UNREINEM VERBUNDEN IST, IST UNREIN, UND DER MIT REINEM VERBUNDEN IST, IST REIN. SIE ALLE ABER SIND ALLEIN REIN.",
+ "DER METALLENE DECKEL EINES KORBES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST NACH R. GAMLIÉL UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN; DER DER ÄRZTE IST UNREIN. DIE TÜR EINES SCHRANKES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST REIN, DIE EINES DER ÄRZTE ISTUNREIN. DIE ZANGENSIND UNREIN, DIE ROSTEISEN SIND REIN. DER BALKENHAKENDER ÖLKELTER IST UNREIN, DIE HAKEN AN DEN WÄNDEN SIND REIN.",
+ "DER STIFT DES ADERLASSERSIST UNREIN; DER DES STUNDENSTEINESIST REIN, NACH R. ÇADOQ ABER UNREIN. DER STIFT DES WEBERS IST UNREIN. DER KASTEN DER GRÄUPNER IST NACH R. ÇADOQ UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN; IST DER WAGEN DAZU AUS METALL, SO IST ER UNREIN.",
+ "EIN NAGEL, DEN MAN ZUM ÖFFNEN UND ZUM SCHLIESSEN HERGERICH TET HAT, IST UNREIN, DEN MAN ZUR KONTROLLEBENUTZT, IST REIN. EIN NAGEL, DEN MAN ZUM ÖFFNEN EINES FASSES HERGERICHTET HAT, IST NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, BIS MAN IHN GESCHMIEDET HAT. DER NAGEL DES GELDWECHSLERSIST REIN, NACH R. ÇADOQ ABER UNREIN. DREI DINGE SIND NACH R. ÇADOQ UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN: DER NAGEL DES GELDWECHSLERS, DER KASTEN DER GRÄUPNER UND DER STIFT DES STUNDENSTEINES. DIESE SIND NACH R. ÇADOQ UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN.",
+ "VIER DINGE SIND NACH R. GAMLIÉL UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN: DER METALLENE DECKEL EINES KORBES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH, DER HENKEL DES STRIEGELS, UNGEFORMTE METALLGEUÄTEUND EINE IN ZWEI [HÄLFTEN] GETEILTE PLATTE. DIE WEISEN PFLICHTEN JEDOCH R. GAMLIÉL BEI, DASS, WENN EINE PLATTE IN ZWEI [HÄLFTEN] GETEILT WORDEN IST, EINE GRÖSSERE UND EINE KLEINERE, DIE GRÖSSERE UNREIN UND DIE KLEINERE REIN SEI.",
+ "WENN EIN DENAR UNGÜLTIG GEWORDEN IST UND MAN IHN HERGERICHTET HAT, IHN EINEM KLEINEN MÄDCHEN AN DEN HALS ZU HÄNGEN, SO IST ER UNREIN. WENN EIN SELA͑ UNTAUGLICH GEWORDEN IST UND MAN IHN HERGERICHTET HAT, DAMIT ZU WÄGEN, SO IST ER UNREIN. BIS AUF WIEVIEL DARF ER REDUZIERT SEIN, UM IHN NOCH HALTEN ZU DÜRFEN? BIS AUF ZWEI DENARE; HAT ER WENIGER, SO IST ER ZU ZERSCHNEIDEN.",
+ "DAS FEDERMESSER, DAS SCHREIBROHR, DER PENDEL, DAS SENKBLEI, DIE PRESSPLATTEN, DAS LINEAL UND DIE LINIERTAFEL SIND UNREIN. ALLE UNGEFORMTEN HOLZGERÄTE SIND UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DIE AUS BUCHSBAUMHOLZ. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH DIE AUS OLIVENZWEIGEN SEIEN REIN, BIS MAN SIE GEKOCHT HAT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DAS SCHWERT, DAS MESSER, DER DOLCH, DER SPEER, DIE HANDSICHEL, DIE ERNTESICHEL, DAS SCHERMESSER UND DIE BARBIERSCHERE, AUCH WENN SIE GETEILT SIND, SIND UNREIN. R. JOSE SAGT, WAS NAHE DEM GRIFFE IST, SEI UNREIN, UND WAS NAHE DER SPITZE IST, SEI REIN. IST EINE FEDERSCHERE IN ZWEI [TEILE] GETEILT WORDEN, SO IST SIE NACH R. JEHUDA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINER SCHAUFELGABEL DAS BLATT, SO IST SIE UNREIN WEGEN DER ZINKEN; FEHLEN DIE ZINKEN, SO IST SIE UNREIN WEGEN DES BLATTES. FEHLT VON EINEM SCHMINKSTIFTE DAS LÖFFELCHEN, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DER SPITZE; FEHLT DIE SPITZE, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DES LÖFFELCHENS. FEHLT VON EINEM GRIFFEL DER SCHREIBSTIFT, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DES RADIERERS, FEHLT DER RADIERER, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DES STIFTES. FEHLT VON EINEM SCHAUMLÖFFEL DIE KELLE, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DER GABEL; FEHLT DIE GABEL, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DER KELLE. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VOM ZINKEN DES KARSTES. DIESE ALLE IN DER GRÖSSE, DASS SIE FÜR IHRE VERWENDUNG BRAUCHBAR SIND.",
+ "IST DAS SCHAUFELBLATT BESCHÄDIGT, SO IST [DIE SCHAUFEL] UNREIN, BIS DIE GRÖSSERE HÄLFTE FEHLT; IST DAS ÖHR ZERBROCHEN, SO IST SIE REIN. FEHLT VON EINER HACKE DIE SPITZE, SO IST SIE UNREIN WEGEN DER SCHNEIDE: FEHLT DIE SCHNEIDE, SO IST SIE UNREIN WEGEN DER SPITZE. IST DAS ÖHR ZERBROCHEN, SO IST SIE REIN.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINER SCHIPPE DAS BLATT, SO IST SIE UNREIN, WEIL SIE NOCH EINEM HAMMER GLEICHT – SO R. MEÍR; NACH DEN WEISEN IST SIE REIN. WENN VON EINER SÄGE DIE ZÄHNE EINER ZWISCHEN [ZWEI] FEHLEN, SO IST SIE REIN; SIND ABER IN DER LÄNGE EINES SIṬ AN EINER STELLE ALLE ZURÜCKGEBLIEBEN, SO IST SIE UNREIN. WENN EIN HOBEL, EIN SCHNEIDEMESSER, EIN MEISSEL ODER EIN BOHRER BESCHÄDIGT WORDEN SIND, SO SIND SIE UNREIN; FEHLT IHNEN DIE SCHNEIDE, SO SIND SIE REIN. SIE ALLE SIND, WENN SIE IN ZWEI [TEILE] GETEILT WORDEN SIND, UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER BOHRER. DER HOBELKASTEN IST AUCH ALLEIN UNREIN.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINER NÄHNADEL DAS ÖHR ODER DIE SPITZE, SO IST SIE REIN. HAT MAN SIE ZUM SPANNEN HERGERICHTET, SO IST SIE UNREIN. FEHLT VON EINER PACKNADEL DAS ÖHR, SO IST SIE UNREIN, WEIL MAN DAMIT SCHREIBEN KANN; FEHLT IHR DIE SPITZE, SO IST SIE REIN. EINE SPANNADEL IST OB SO ODER SO UNREIN. HAT EINE NÄHNADEL ROST ANGESETZT, SO IST SIE, WENN ER BEIM NÄHEN HINDERT, REIN, WENN ABER NICHT, UNREIN. HAT MAN EINE SPANGE GESTRECKT, SO IST SIE REIN; HAT MAN SIE WIEDER GEKRÜMMT, SO GELANGT SIE ZURÜCK IN IHRE UNREINHEIT.",
+ "DAS DEM METALL[GERÄTE ALS GRIFF] DIENENDE HOLZ IST UNREIN UND DAS DEM HOLZ[GERÄTE] DIENENDE METALL IST REIN. IST BEISPIELSWEISE DER ÖFFNER AUS HOLZ UND SEINE ZAPFEN AUS METALL, WENN AUCH NUR EINER, SO IST ER UNREIN; WENN ABER DER ÖFFNER AUS METALL UND DIE ZAPFEN AUS HOLZ, SO IST ER REIN. IST DER RING AUS METALL UND DAS SIEGEL AUS KORALLE, SO IST ER UNREIN; IST ABER DER RING AUS KORALLE UND DAS SIEGEL AUS METALL, SO IST ER REIN. DER ZAHN DER PLATTE, DES ÖFFNERS UND DES SCHLÜSSELS IST ALLEIN UNREIN.",
+ "WENN VON ZERBROCHENEN AŠQELONISCHEN HEBESTANGENDIE HAKEN NOCH ERHALTEN SIND, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. WENN VON EINER HEUGABEL, EINER WORFEL, EINER HARKE UND EBENSO EINEM KOPFKAMME EINER VON DEN ZÄHNEN GEFEHLT HATTE UND MAN EINEN AUS METALL EINGESETZT HAT, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. ÜBER DIES ALLES SAGTE R. JEHOŠUA͑: DIE SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN HABEN HIERBEI EINE NEUERUNG GETROFFEN, UND ICH KANN DAGEGEN NICHTS EINWENDEN.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM FLACHSKAMME DIE ZÄHNE FEHLEN UND NUR ZWEI ZURÜCKGEBLIEBEN SIND, SO IST ER UNREIN, WENN NUR EINER, SO IST ER REIN. VON DIESEN IST JEDER EINZELNE ALLEIN UNREIN. FEHLT VON EINEM WOLLKAMME ZWISCHEN JE ZWEI ZÄHNEN EINER, SO IST ER REIN. BLEIBEN DREI AN EINER STELLE ZURÜCK, SO IST ER UNREIN; IST EINER VON IHNEN DER ÄUSSERSTE, SO IST ER REIN. HAT MAN ZWEI DAVON GENOMMEN UND DARAUS EINE PINZETTE GEMACHT, SO SIND SIE UNREIN; WENN EINEN UND IHN FÜR EINE LAMPEODER ZUM SPANNEN HERGERICHTET, SO IST ER UNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WELCHES MASS GILT FÜR METALLGEFÄSSE? EIN EIMER, WENN MAN MIT IHM NOCH SCHÖPFEN KANN; EIN WASSERKESSEL, WENN MAN DARIN NOCH WÄRMEN KANN; EIN WÄRMEKESSEL, WENN ER SELAI͑M AUFNEHMEN KANN; EIN KOCHKESSEL, WENN ER BECHERAUFNEHMEN KANN; EIN BECHER, WENN ER MÜNZEN AUFNEHMEN KANN; WEINMASSE, WENN MAN WEIN, UND ÖLMASSE, WENN MAN ÖL MIT IHNEN MESSEN KANN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, SIE ALLE, WENN SIE MÜNZEN [AUFNEHMEN KÖNNEN]. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, [EIN GEFÄSS], DEM NOCH DER DECKEL FEHLT, SEI UNREIN, DEM NOCH DAS GLÄTTEN FEHLT, SEI REIN.",
+ "EIN STOCK, AN DESSEN ENDE EINE ART KEULENSPITZE ANGEBRACHT IST, IST UNREIN; IST ER MIT NÄGELN BESCHLAGEN, SO IST ER UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, NUR WENN DARAN DREI REIHEN ANGEBRACHT SIND. ALLE ABER SIND REIN, WENN SIE ZUR VERZIERUNG ANGEBRACHT SIND. IST AM ENDE EIN ROHR ANGEBRACHT, EBENSO AN EINER TÜR, SO IST ES REIN. WENN ES ABER VORHER EIN GERÄT WAR UND MAN ES DARAN ANGEBRACHT HAT, SO IST ES UNREIN. WANN ERLANGT ES REINHEIT? DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SOBALD MAN ES BESCHÄDIGT HAT, UND DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SOBALD MAN ES DARAN BEFESTIGT HAT.",
+ "DAS BRECHEISEN DER BAUARBEITER UND DAS STEMMEISEN DER ZIMMERER SIND UNREIN. ZELTPFLÖCKE UND ABSTECKPFLÖCKE SIND UNREIN. DIE KETTE DER FELDMESSER IST UNREIN; DIE FÜR HOLZ DIENENDEIST REIN. DIE KETTE EINES GROSSEN EIMERS BIS VIER HANDBREITENUND DIE EINES KLEINEN BIS ZEHN. DER SCHMIEDEBOCKIST UNREIN. EINE SÄGE, DEREN ZÄHNE IN LÖCHER EINGESETZTSIND, IST UNREIN; HAT MAN SIE VON UNTEN NACH OBEN EINGESETZT, SO IST SIE REIN. ALLE DECKEL SIND REIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER DES WÄRMEKESSELS.",
+ "VON EINEM WAGEN IST FOLGENDES UNREIN: DIE METALLENE JOCHSTANGE, DIE QUERSTANGE, DIE SEITENTEILE ZUR AUFNAHME DER SIELEN, DAS EISEN UNTER DEM HALSE DES TIERES, DIE STÜTZE, DER GURT, DIE SCHÜSSELCHEN, DER KLÖPPEL, DER HAKENUND DER NAGEL, DER [DIE TEILE] ZUSAMMENHÄLT.",
+ "FOLGENDES IST VON EINEM WAGEN REIN: DAS [METALL]ÜBERZOGENE JOCH, DIE ZUR VERZIERUNG DIENENDEN SEITENTEILE, DIE ZUM TÖNEN DIE NENDEN RÖHREN, DAS BLEIAN DEN HALSSEITEN DES TIERES, DER RADREIFEN, DIE BLECHE, DIE BESCHLÄGE UND ALLE SONSTIGEN NÄGELSIND REIN. DIE METALLENEN HUFVERKLEIDUNGEN DES TIERES SIND UNREIN, DIE AUS KORK SIND REIN. WANN WIRD DAS SCHWERT FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH? SOBALD MAN ES GEGLÄTTET HAT: DAS MESSER, [ERST] WENN MAN ES GESCHLIFFEN HAT.",
+ "HAT MAN AN EINEM METALLENEN KORBDECKEL EINEN SPIEGEL GEMACHT, SO IST ER NACH R. JEHUDA REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. EIN ZERBROCHENER SPIEGEL IST, WENN ER NICHT DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL DES GESICHTES ZEIGT, REIN.",
+ "METALLGERÄTE KÖNNEN AUCH ZERBROCHEN UNREIN UND WIEDER REIN WERDEN – SO R. ELIE͑ZER. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SIE WERDEN NUR VOLLSTÄNDIG REIN. UND ZWAR: WENN MAN SIE BESPRENGTHAT UND SIE AM SELBEN TAGE ZERBROCHEN SIND, WORAUF MAN SIE ZUSAMMENGELÖTET UND AM SELBEN TAGE ABERMALS BESPRENGT HAT, SO SIND SIE REIN – SO R. ELIE͑ZER. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, DIE BESPRENGUNG KÖNNE NICHT VOR DEM DRITTEN UND SIEBENTEN [TAGE] ERFOLGEN.",
+ "WENN EIN KNIESCHLÜSSELAM KNIE ZERBROCHEN IST, SO IST ER REIN; NACH R. JEHUDA ABER UNREIN, WEIL MAN DAMIT INNEN ÖFFNEN KANN; IST EIN GAMMAFÖRMIGERAM GAMMAWINKEL ZERBROCHEN, SO IST ER REIN. SIND DARAN ZÄHNE UND LÖCHER, SO IST ER UNREIN; FEHLEN DIE ZÄHINE, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DER LÖCHER; SIND DIE LÖCHER VERSTOPFT, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DER ZÄHNE. WENN ABER DIE ZÄHNE FEHLEN UND DIE LÖCHER VERSTOPFT SIND, ODER WENN SIE IN EINANDER DURCHGEBROCHENSIND, SO IST ER REIN. SIND AN EINEM SENFSEIHER UNTEN DREI LÖCHER IN EINANDER DURCHGEBROCHEN, SO IST ER REIN. EIN MÜHLENTRICHTER AUS METALL ISTUNREIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "VON HOLZGERÄTEN, LEDERGERÄTEN, KNOCHENGERÄTEN UND GLASGERÄTEN SIND DIE FLACHEN REIN UND DIE VERTIEFTEN UNREIN; ZERBRECHEN SIE, SO SIND SIE REIN; MACHT MAN WIEDER AUS IHNEN GERÄTE, SO SIND SIE VON DANN AB WIEDER UNREIN. EIN KASTEN, EINE TRUHE, EIN SCHRANK, EIN BIENENKORB AUS STROH, EIN BIENENKORB AUS ROHR, UND DER WASSERBEHÄLTER EINES ALEXANDRIINISCHEN SCHIFFES, DIE EINEN BODEN HABEN UND VIERZIG SEÁ FLÜSSIGES FASSEN, DAS SIND ZWEI KOR TROKKENES, SIND REIN. ALLE ANDEREN GEFÄSSE, OB SIE [SOVIEL] FASSEN ODER NICHT [SOVIEL] FASSEN, SIND UNREIN – SO R. MEÍR. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DER WAGENBOTTICH, DER SPEISESCHRANK DER KÖNIGE, DER GERBERTROG, DER WASSERBEHÄLTER EINES KLEINEN SCHIFFES UND EINE LADE SEIEN, AUCH WENN SIE [SOVIEL] FASSEN, UNREIN, DENN MAN PFLEGT SIE NUR MIT INHALT FORTZUBEWEGEN. ALLE ANDEREN GEFÄSSE SEIEN, WENN SIE [SOVIEL] FASSEN, REIN, UND WENN SIE NICHT [SOVIEL] FASSEN, UNREIN. EIN UNTERSCHIED ZWISCHEN R. MEÍR UND R. JEHUDA BESTEHT NUR HINSICHTLICH EINES TROGES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH.",
+ "DIE BACKBRETTER DER BÄCKER SIND UNREIN UND DIE FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH SIND REIN; HAT MAN SIE MIT RÖTEL ODER SAFRAN ANGESTRICHEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. EINE AN DIE WAND BEFESTIGTE BÄCKERPLATTE IST NACH R. ELIE͑ZER REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. DAS ANRICHTEBRETTDER BÄCKER IST UNREIN UND DAS FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH IST REIN. HAT ES EINE EINFASSUNG AN DEN VIER SEITEN, SO IST ES UNREIN; IST SIE AN EINER SEITE DURCHBROCHEN, SO IST ES REIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, HAT MAN ES ZUGERICHTET, DARAUF [DEN TEIG] ZU ZERTEILEN, SO IST ES UNREIN. EBENSO IST DAS WALGERHOLZ UNREIN.",
+ "DER SIEBUNTERSATZ DER FEINMEHLSIEBER IST UNREIN UND DER FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH REIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH DER DER HAARFLECHTERINNEN IST ALS SITZ UNREIN, WEIL DIE MÄDCHEN DARAUF SITZEN UND FLECHTEN.",
+ "ALLE HENKEL SIND UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER HENKEL EINER SCHWINGE UND EINES SIEBES FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH – SO R. MEÍR; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, SIE ALLE SEIEN REIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER HENKEL EINER SCHWINGE DER FEINMEHLSIEBER, DER HENKEL DES TENNENSIEBES, DER HENKEL DER HANDSICHEL UND DER HENKEL DES ZOLLFAHNDER-STOCKES, WEIL SIE BEI DER ARBEIT MITBENUTZT WERDEN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: DER BEI DER ARBEIT MITBENUTZT WIRD, IST UNREIN, UND DER NUR ZUM AUFHÄNGEN DIENT, IST REIN.",
+ "DIE: GRÄUPNERSCHAUFEL IST UNREIN, DIE DER SPEICHER IST REIN, DIE DER KELTERN IST UNREIN, DIE DER TENNEN IST REIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: DIE ZUM AUFNEHMEN DIENT, IST UNREIN, UND DIE ZUM ZUSAMMENSCHAR REN DIENT, IST REIN.",
+ "MUSIKHARFEN SIND UNREIN, DIE HARFEN DER LEVITEN SIND REIN. ALLE FLÜSSIGKEITEN SIND UNREIN, DIE FLÜSSIGKEITEN IM SCHLACHTRAUME SIND REIN. ALLE BÜCHERMACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DAS BUCH IM TEMPELVORHOFE. DAS HOLZPFERDIST REIN, DIE GUITARRE, DAS STELZENINSTRUMENTUND DIE HANDTROMMEL SIND UNREIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DIE HANDTROMMEL SEI ALS SITZ UNREIN, WEIL DIE KLAGEFRAU DARAUF SITZT. DIE WIESELFALLEIST UNREIN, DIE MAUSEFALLE IST REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "JEDES HOLZGERÄT, DAS IN ZWEI [TEILE] GETEILT WORDEN IST, IST REIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER DOPPELTISCH, DIE FÄCHERSCHÜSSEL UND DER SCHEMEL FÜR DEN HAUSHERRN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DIE DOPPELSCHÜSSEL UND DER BABYLONISCHE NAPF GLEICHEN DIESEN. WANN SIND HOLZGERÄTE FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH? DAS BETT UND DIE WIEGE, SOBALD MAN SIE MIT FISCHHAUT GEGLÄTTET HAT; HAT MAN SIE NICHT ZU GLÄTTEN BESCHLOSSEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. R. MEÍR SAGT, DAS BETT, SOBALD MAN DREI MASCHENREIHEN GEFLOCHTEN HAT.",
+ "HÖLZERNE KÖRBE, SOBALD MAN DEN RAND GEMACHT UND GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT; SOLCHE AUS PALMENZWEIGEN SIND UNREIN, AUCH WENN MAN SIE INNEN NICHT GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT, WEIL MAN SIE SO LÄSST. EIN FRUCHTKORB, SOBALD MAN DEN RAND GEMACHT, IHN GLATTGESCHNITTEN UND DEN BÜGEL FERTIG GEMACHT HAT. EIN FLASCHENKORB UND EIN BECHERKORB SIND UNREIN, AUCH WENN MAN KEINEN RAND GEMACHT UND INNEN NICHT GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT, WEIL MAN SIE SO LÄSST.",
+ "KLEINE TISCHKÖRBCHEN UND HANDKÖRBCHEN, SOBALD MAN EINEN RAND GEMACHT UND GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT; GROSSE TISCHKÖRBE UND GETREIDEKÖRBE, SOBALD MAN ZWEI KREISUNGEN UM IHRE BREITE GEMACHT HAT. DER UNTERSATZ DER SCHWINGE, DES SIEBES UND DER WAGESCHALE, SOBALD MAN EINE KREISUNG UM IHRE BREITE GEMACHT HAT. DIE KIEPE, SOBALD MAN ZWEI WINDUNGEN UM DIE BREITE GEMACHT HAT; DER BASTKORB, SOBALD MAN EINE WINDUNG GEMACHT HAT.",
+ "WANN WERDEN LEDERNE GERÄTE FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH? DIE HIRTENTASCHE, SOBALD MAN EINEN RAND GEMACHT, GLATTGESCHMTTEN UND DARAN SCHLAUFEN GEMACHT HAT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SOBALD MAN DARAN DIE OHREN GEMACHT HAT. DIE LEDERSCHÜRZE, SOBALD MAN EINEN SAUM GEMACHT, GLATTGESCHNITTEN UND DARAN DIE BINDEBÄNDER GEMACHT HAT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SOBALD MAN DARAN DIE RINGE GEMACHT HAT. DIE LEDERDECKE, SOBALD MAN DARAN EINEN SAUM GEMACHT UND GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SOBALD MAN DARAN DIE SCHLAUFEN GEMACHT HAT. KISSEN UND POLSTER AUS LEDER, SOBALD MAN EINEN SAUM GEMACHT UND GLATTGESCHNITTEN HAT. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SOBALD MAN SIE ZUSAMMENGENÄHT UND WENIGER ALS FÜNF HANDBREITEN ZURÜCKGELASSEN HAT.",
+ "DER FEIGENKORB IST UNREIN, DER GETREIDEKORB IST REIN; KÖRBCHEN AUS BLÄTTERN SIND REIN, AUS WEIDENRUTEN UNREIN. DAS DATTEL GEFLECHT IST, WENN MAN HINEINTUN UND HERAUSNEHMEN KANN, UNREIN, WENN MAN DIES ABER NICHT EHER KANN, ALS BIS MAN ES AUFREISST ODER AUFLÖST, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "DER LEDERHANDSCHUH DER TENNENWORFLER, DER REISENDEN UND DER FLACHSARBEITER IST UNREIN, DER DER FÄRBER ABER UND DER SCHMIEDE IST REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, DIESEN GLEICHE AUCH DER DER GRÄUPNER. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: DER ZUM AUFNEHMEN DIENT, IST UNREIN, UND DER NUR VOR SCHWEISS [SCHÜTZT], IST REIN.",
+ "DER MISTSACK DES RINDES UND SEIN MAULKORB, DAS RÄUCHERGEFÄSS DER IMKER UND DER FÄCHER SIND REIN. DER DECKEL EINES SCHMUCKKASTENS IST UNREIN, DER DECKEL EINER KLEIDERTRUHE IST REIN. DER DECKEL EINER TRUHE, DER DECKEL EINES KORBES, DIE PRESSE DES ZIMMERMANNES, DES STUHL UNTER DER TRUHE UND DEREN AUFSATZ, DAS BÜCHERFUTTERAL, DAS RIEGELGEHÄUSE, DAS SCHLOSSGEHÄUSE, DIE MEZUZAKAPSEL, DAS PSALTERIONFUTTERAL, DAS HARFENFUTTERAL, DER FORMBLOCK DER KAPPENFLECHTER, DAS MUSIKANTENPFERDCHEN, DAS SPIELINSTRUMENT DER KLAGEFRAUEN, DER BETTLERSCHIRM, DIE BETTSTÜTZEN, DIE TEPHILLINFORMUND DIE PUPPE DER KLEIDERARBEITER, SIE ALLE SIND REIN. FOLGENDE REGEL SAGTE R. JOSE: ALLES, WAS FÜR GEBRAUCHSGEGENSTÄNDE DES MENSCHEN SOWOHL BEI BENUTZUNG ALS AUCH AUSSERHALB DER BENUTZUNG [ALS SCHUTZ] DIENT, IST UNREIN, UND WAS NUR BEI BENUTZUNG, IST REIN.",
+ "DIE SCHEIDE DES SCHWERTES, DES MESSERS, DES DOLCHES, DAS FUTTERAL DER FEDERSCHERE, DER SCHARNIERSCHERE UND DES SCHERMESSERS, DAS FUTTERAL DES SCHMINKSTIFTES UND DIE SCHMINKDOSE, DAS FUTTERAL DES SCHREIBHALTERS UND DES TINTENFASSES, DAS FUTTERAL EINER TAFEL, DIE LEDERDECKE, DER PFEILKÖCHER UND DIE GESCHOSSTASCHE, SIE ALLE SIND UNREIN. DAS FUTTERAL DER SACKPFEIFE IST, WENN MAN SIE VON OBEN HINEINLEGT, UNREIN, UND WENN VON DER SEITE, REIN. DAS FLÖTENFUTTERAL IST NACH R. JEHUDA REIN, WEIL MAN SIE VON DER SEITE HINEINLEGT. DER ÜBERZUG DES SPEERES, DES BOGENS UND DER LANZE IST REIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: WAS ALS FUTTERAL DIENT, IST UNREIN, WAS ALS ÜBERZUG DIENT, IST REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "BEI ALLEN GEFÄSSEN FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH GILT DAS MASS EINES GRANATAPFELS. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, JE NACHDEM, WOFÜR SIE BESTIMMT SIND. BEI KÖRBEN DER GÄRTNER GILT EIN KRAUTBÜNDEL ALS MASS, EIN STROH[BÜNDEL] BEI SOLCHEN FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH, UND STREU BEI SOLCHEN FÜR BADEMEISTER. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, BEI ALLEN EIN GRANATAPFEL.",
+ "BEIM SCHLAUCHE GILT ALS MASS EIN KNÄUEL AUFZUGGARN. WENN ER AUCH DIESEN NICHT HÄLT, WOHL ABER EINEN KNÄUEL EINSCHLAGGARN, SO IST ER UNREIN. EIN TELLERBEHÄLTER, WENN ER AUCH KEINE TELLER HÄLT, WOHL ABER SCHÜSSELN HÄLT, IST UNREIN. EIN KOTBECKEN, WENN ES AUCH KEINE FLÜSSIGKEITEN HÄLT, WOHL ABER KOT HÄLT, IST UNREIN. NACH R. GAMLIÉL IST ES REIN, WEIL MAN EIN SOLCHES NICHT HÄLT.",
+ "BEI BROTKÖRBEN GILT EIN LAIB BROT ALS MASS. HAT MAN AN PAPYRUSKÖRBEN ZUR BEFESTIGUNG VON UNTEN NACH OBEN LAUFENDE ROHRSTÄBE ANGEBRACHT, SO SIND SIE REIN; HAT MAN DARAN HANDHABEN IRGENDWELCHER ART ANGEBRACHT, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, KANN ES NICHT AN DEN HANDHABEN GETRAGEN WERDEN, SEI ES REIN.",
+ "UNTER GRANATÄPFELN, VON DENEN SIE SPRECHEN, IST ZU VERSTEHEN, WENN DREI EINANDER HALTEN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, BEI EINER SCHWINGE ODER EINEM SIEBE, DASS MAN SIE NIMMT UND DAMIT UMHERGEHT, BEI EINER KIEPE, WENN MAN SIE ÜBER DEN RÜCKEN HÄNGT. BEI ALLEN ANDEREN GEFÄSSEN, DIE KEINE GRANATÄPFEL AUFNEHMEN KÖNNEN, BEISPIELSWEISE EIN VIERTEL[KAB], EIN HALBES VIERTEL[KAB], KLEINE KÖRBCHEN, GILT DER GRÖSSERE TEIL ALS MASS – SO R. MEÍR. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, BEI OLIVENGRÖSSE. SIND SIE DURCHGEBROCHEN, SO GILT EINE OLIVE ALS MASS; IST EIN TEIL WEGGESCHNITTEN, WENN SIE NUR ETWAS HALTEN.",
+ "DER GRANATAPFEL, VON DEM SIE SPRECHEN, IST NICHT KLEIN UND NICHT GROSS ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS. WESHALB ABER WERDEN BADENISCHE GRANATÄPFEL GENANNT? DASS SIE HEILIG MACHEN, IN WELCHEM VERHÄLTNISSE SIE AUCH SIND – SO R. MEÍR ; R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SAGT, DASS SIE ALS MASS FÜR GEFÄSSEDIENEN. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, SIE WERDEN IN DIESER UND IN JENER HINSICHT GENANNT: DASS SIE ALS MASS FÜR GEFÄSSE DIENEN, UND DASS SIE IN JEDEM VERHÄLTNISSE HEILIG MACHEN. R. JOSE SAGTE: BADENISCHE GRANATÄPFEL UND LAUCHGEWÄCHSE VON GEBA͑ WERDEN NUR DESHALB GENANNT, DASS SIE NÄMLICH ÜBERALL ALS SICHER UNVERZEHNTET ZU VERZEHNTEN SIND.",
+ "DAS EI, VON DEM SIE SPRECHEN, IST NICHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS. R. JEHUDA SAGT, MAN HOLE DAS GRÖSSTE UNTER DEN GROSSEN UND DAS KLEINSTE UNTER DEN KLEINEN UND LEGE SIE INS WASSER, UND DAS WASSERTEILE MAN. R. JOSE SPRACH: WER BEAYEIST MIR, WELCHES DAS GRÖSSTE UND WELCHES DAS KLEINSTEIST!? VIELMEHR, ALLES NACH DER BEURTEILUNG DES SCHAUENDEN.",
+ "DIE DÖRRFEIGE, VON DER SIE SPRECHEN, IST NICHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS. R. JEHUDA SAGTE : DIE GRÖSSTE IM JISRAÉLLANDE GLEICHT DER MITTELGROSSEN IN ANDEREN LÄNDERN.",
+ "DIE OLIVE, VON DER SIE SPRECHEN, IST NACHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS, DAS IST DIE EGURI. DAS GERSTENKORN, VON DEM SIE SPRECHEN, IST NICHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS, DAS DER WÜSTE. DIE LINSE, VON DER SIE SPRECHEN, IST NICHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN ZU VERSTEHEN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS, DAS IST DIE ÄGYPTISCHE. «ALLEBEWEGLICHEN SACHEN ÜBERTRAGEN DIE UNREINHEIT BEI DER DICKE EINES OCHSENSTECKENS», NICHT GROSS UND NICHT KLEIN, SONDERN MITTELGROSS; MITTELGROSS HEISST ER, WENN DER UMFANG EINE HANDBREITE BETRÄGT.",
+ "UNTER ELLE, VON DER SIE SPRECHEN, IST DIE MITTELGROSSE ZU VERSTEHEN. ZWEI ELLENMASSE WAREN IN DER ŠUŠANKAMMER, EINE IN DER NORDÖSTLICHEN ECKE UND EINE IN DER SÜDÖSTLICHEN ECKE; DIE DER NORDÖSTLICHEN ECKE WAR UM EINEN HALBEN FINGER GRÖSSER ALS DIE [ELLE ZUR ZEIT] MOŠES, UND DIE DER SÜDÖSTLICHEN ECKE WAR EINEN HALBEN FINGER GRÖSSER ALS JENE, MITHIN EINEN FINGER GRÖSSER ALS DIE [ELLE ZUR ZEIT] MOŠES. WOZU BESTIMMTEN SIE EINE GRÖSSERE UND EINE KLEINERE? DAMIT DIE HANDWERKER MIT DER KLEINEREN ÜBERNEHMEN UND MIT DER GRÖSSEREN ABLIEFERN, UM NICHT ZU EINER VERUNTREUUNGZU KOMMEN.",
+ "R. MEÍR SAGTE : ALLE ELLENMASSE WAREN MITTELGROSS, AUSGENOMMEN DAS DES GOLDENEN ALTARS, DER HÖRNER, DES RUNDGANGES UND DES FUNDAMENTES. R. JEHUDA SAGT, DIE ELLE BEIM BAUWERKE HATTE SECHS HANDBREITEN UND BEI DEN GERÄTEN FÜNF.",
+ "ZUWEILEN MEINEN SIE KLEINE HOHLMASSE: BEI DEN FLÜSSIGKEITS UND TROCKENMASSEN IST DAS ITALISCHE MASS ZU VERSTEHEN, DAS IST DAS DER WÜSTE. ZUWEILENAUCH BESTIMMTEN SIE DAS MASS INDIVIDUELL : BEIM HAUFEN DES SPEISOPFERS, BEI DEN VOLLEN HÄNDEN DES RÄUCHERWERKES, BEIM TRINKEN EINES MUNDVOLLS AM VERSÖHNUNGSTAGE, BEI DER SPEISE FÜR ZWEI MAHLZEITEN FÜR DEN E͑RUB, DAS SPEISEQUANTUM AM WOCHENTAGE UND NICHT AM ŠABBATH – SO R. MEÍR. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AM ŠABBATH UND NICHT AM WOCHENTAGE. BEIDE WOLLEN ERLEICHTERNDSEIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ZWEI DRITTELEINES LAIBES, DIE DREI AUF EINEN KAB GEHEN. R. JOḤANAN B. BEROQA SAGT, EINES PONDIONBROTES, WENN VIER SEÁ [MEHL] EINEN SELA͑ KOSTEN.",
+ "ZUWEILEN SPRECHEN SIE VON EINEM GROSSEN MASSE. «EIN LÖFFEL VOLL MODER», WIE DER GROSSE LÖFFEL DER ÄRZTE. DIE GRAUPENGRÖSSE BEIM AUSSATZE, WIE DIE KILIKISCHE BOHNENGRAUPE. «WER AM VERSÖHNUNGSTAGE IM QUANTUM EINER GROSSEN DATTEL ISST», WIE DIESE MIT DEM STEINE. BEI SCHLÄUCHEN FÜR WEIN UND ÖL GILT DAS MASSDES GROSSEN KNOPFESAN DIESEN. BEIM NICHT DURCH MENSCHENHÄNDE ENTSTANDENEN LICHTLOCHEGILT DIE GRÖSSE EINER GROSSEN FAUST. DAS IST DIE FAUST DES BEN BAṬIAḤ. R. JOSE SAGTE: ES GIBT AUCH EINE WIE EIN GROSSER MENSCHENKOPF. BEIM DURCH MENSCHENHÄNDE ENTSTANDENEN GILT DIE GRÖSSE DES GROSSEN BOHRERS IN DER TEMPELKAMMER, DAS IST WIE EIN ITALISCHER PONDION ODER WIE EIN NERONISCHER SELA͑, ODER WIE DAS LOCH AM JOCHBALKEN.",
+ "ALLE [GESCHÖPFE] IM MEERE SIND REIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER SEEHUND, WEIL ER SICH AUFS FESTLAND FLÜCHTET – SO R. A͑QIBA. WENN MAN GERÄTE FERTIGT AUS DEM, WAS IM MEERE WÄCHST, UND DARAN HAFTET ETWAS AUS DEM, WAS AUF DEM FESTLANDE WÄCHST, SEI ES AUCH NUR EIN FADEN ODER EINE SCHNUR, WENN ES NUR FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH IST, SO IST ES UNREIN.",
+ "MANCHES NOCH: BEI DEM, WAS AM ERSTEN TAGE ERSCHAFFEN WORDEN IST, GIBT ES EINE UNREINHEIT; BEI DEM, WAS AM ZWEITEN TAGE, GIBT ES KEINE UNREINHEIT ; BEI DEM, WAS AM DRITTEN, GIBT ES EINE UNREINHEIT ; BEI DEM, WAS AM VIERTEN UND AM FÜNFTEN, GIBT ES KEINE UNREINHEIT, AUSSER DEM GEFIEDER DES O͑ZUND DEM STRAUSSENEI, DAS ÜBERZOGENIST. R. JOḤANAN B. NURI SPRACH: WARUM SOLLTE DAS GEFIEDER DES O͑Z ANDERS SEIN ALS JEDES ANDERE GEFIEDER? BEI DEM, WAS AM SECHSTEN TAGE ERSCHAFFEN WURDE, GIBT ES EINE UNREINHEIT.",
+ "WENN MAN IRGENDWELCHES GERÄTMIT VERTIEFUNG MACHT, SO IST ES UNREIN; WENN MAN IRGEND EIN LAGER ODER EINEN SITZ MACHT, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. MACHT MAN EINEN BEUTEL AUS ROHEM FELL ODER, AUS PAPIER, SO IST ER UNREIN. WENN KINDER EINEN GRANATAPFEL, EINE EICHEL, ODER EINE NUSS AUSGEHÖHLT HABEN, UM DAMIT ERDE ZU MESSEN, ODER SIE SOLCHE ALS WAGESCHALEN HERGERICHTET HABEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN, DENN BEI DIESEN IST DIE HANDLUNG WIRKSAM UND NICHT DIE ABSICHT.",
+ "EIN WAGEBALKEN ODER EIN ABSTREICHER, DER EINEN BEHÄLTER FÜR METALL HAT, EINE TRAGSTANGE, DIE EINEN BEHÄLTER FÜR GELD HAT, EIN BETTLERSTAB, DER EINEN BEHÄLTER FÜR WASSER HAT, UND EIN STOCK, DER EINEN BEHÄLTER FÜR EINE MEZUZA UND PERLEN HAT, SIND UNREIN. ÜBER ALL DIESE DINGE SAGTE R. JOHANAN B. ZAKKAJ : WEHE MIR, WENN ICH ES SAGE, UND WEHE MIR, WENN ICH ES NICHT SAGE.",
+ "DER UNTERSATZ DER GOLDSCHMIEDEIST UNREIN UND DER GROBSCHMIEDE IST REIN. EIN SCHLEIF[BRETT], DAS EINEN ÖLBEHÄLTER HAT, IST UNREIN, UND DAS KEINEN HAT, IST REIN. EINE SCHREIBTAFEL, DIE EINEN WACHSBEHÄLTER HAT, IST UNREIN, DIE KEINEN HAT, IST REIN. EINE STROHMATTE UND EIN STROHHALM SIND NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH R. JOḤANAN B. NURI REIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DASSELBE GELTE AUCH VON SOLCHEN AUS KOLOQUINTEN. EINE MATTE AUS BINSEN ODER SCHILF IST REIN. HAT MAN EINE ROHRHÜLSE ZUGESCHNITTEN, DAMIT SIE ETWAS AUFNEHME, SO BLEIBT SIE REIN, BIS MAN DAS GANZE MARK HERAUSGENOMMEN HAT."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DER KASTEN IST, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, VON INNEN ZU MESSEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, VON AUSSEN ZU MESSEN. DIESE UND JENE STIMMEN ÜBEREIN, DASS DIE DICKE DER FÜSSE UND DIE DICKE DER LEISTEN NICHT MITZUMESSEN SEIEN. R. JOSE SAGT, SIE STIMMEN ÜBEREIN, DASS DIE DICKE DER FÜSSE UND DIE DICKE DER LEISTEN MITZUMESSEN SEIEN, [DER RAUM] DAZWISCHEN ABER NICHT MITZUMESSEN SEI. R. ŠIMO͑N ŠEZORI SAGT, SIND DIE FÜSSE EINE HANDBREITE HOCH, SEI [DER RAUM] DAZWISCHEN NICHT MITZUMESSEN, WENN ABER NICHT, SEI [DER RAUM] DAZWISCHEN MITZUMESSEN.",
+ "DIE VORRICHTUNG DAZU GILT, WENN SIE ABNEHMBAR IST, NICHT ALS MIT DIESEM VERBUNDEN : SIE IST MIT DIESEM NICHT MITZUMESSEN, SIE SCHÜTZT NICHT BEI DER TOTENBEZELTUNG UND MAN DARF SIE, WENN GELD DARIN IST, AM ŠABBATH NICHT FORTSCHLEIFEN. IST SIE NICHT ABNEHMBAR, SO GILT SIE ALS MIT DIESER VERBUNDEN: SIE IST MIT DIESEN MITZUMESSEN, SIE SCHÜTZT BEI DER TOTENBEZELTUNG UND MAN DARF SIE, AUCH WENN GELD DARIN IST, AM ŠABBATH FORTSCHLEIFEN. DER AUFSATZ DAZU GILT, WENN ER BEFESTIGT IST, ALS VERBUNDEN UND IST MITZUMESSEN, UND WENN ER NICHT BEFESTIGT IST, ALS NICHT VERBUNDEN UND IST NICHT MITZUMESSEN. WIE MESSE MAN IHN? ALS DREIECK. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN ER NICHT ALLEIN STEHEN KANN, SEI ER REIN.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM KASTEN, EINER TRUHE ODER EINEM SCHRANKE EINER DER FÜSSE FEHLT, SO SIND SIE, OBGLEICH SIE NOCH AUFNEHMEN KÖNNEN, REIN; DIE AUF GEWÖHNLICHE WEISE NICHT AUFNEHMEN KÖNNEN, SIND NACH R. JOSE UNREIN. DIE STANGEN DES BETTES, DER BOCK UND DER ÜBERZUG SIND REIN; UNREIN IST NUR DAS BETT SELBST UND DER RAHMEN. DIE RAHMEN DER LEVITEN SIND REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN BETTRAHMEN AUF DIE ECKSTÜCKEGELEGT, SO SIND SIE NACH R. MEÍR UND R. JEHUDA UNREIN UND NACH R. JOSE UND R. ŠIMO͑N REIN. R. JOSE SPRACH : WIESO SOLLTEN DIESE ANDERS SEIN ALS DIE RAHMEN DER LEVITEN, UND DIE RAHMEN DER LEVITEN SIND JA REIN!?",
+ "WENN VON EINEM DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN GEWORDENEN BETTE EIN QUERBRETT MIT DEN BEIDEN FÜSSEN FEHLT, SO BLEIBT ES UNREIN ; WENN EIN LÄNGSBRETT MIT DEN BEIDEN FÜSSEN, SO IST ES REIN. NACH R. NEḤEMJA IST ES UNREIN. HAT MAN ZWEI ECKSTÜCKE SCHRÄGÜBER WEGGESCHNITTEN, ODER HAT MAN ZWEI FÜSSE SCHRÄGÜBER WEGGESCHNITTEN, ODER HAT MIN SIEAUF WENIGER ALS EINE HANDBREITE REDUZIERT, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN GEWORDENEN BETTE EIN LÄNGSBRETT ZERBROCHEN WAR UND MAN ES WIEDER HERGESTELLT HAT, SO IST ES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN; WENN ABER AUCH DAS ANDERE ZERBROCHEN WURDE UND MAN ES HERGESTELLT HAT, SO IST ES VON DER UNREINHEIT DURCH AUFTRETEN REIN, WOHL ABER DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN UNREIN. ZERBRACH ABER DAS ANDERE, BEVOR MAN DAZU KAM, DAS ERSTE HERZUSTELLEN, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN GEWORDENEN FUSS AN EIN BETT ANGEBRACHT, SO IST ES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN; WIRD ER ABGE NOMMEN, SO IST ER DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, DAS BETT ABER DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN UNREIN. WENN IHM EINE SIEBENTÄGIGE UNREINHEITANHAFTET UND MAN IHN AN DAS BETT ANGEBRACHT HAT, SO IST DAS GANZE SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN; WIRD ER ABGENOMMEN, SO IST ER SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN, DAS BETT ABER BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN. HAT MAN EINEN BIS ZUM ABEND UNREINEN AN EIN BETT ANGEBRACHT, SO IST DAS GANZE BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN; WIRD ER ABGENOMMEN, SO IST ER BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN, DAS BETT ABER IST REIN. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINEM ZINKEN DES KARSTES.",
+ "DIE TEPHILLINKAPSELBESTEHT AUS VIER GERÄTEN. HAT MAN EIN GEHÄUSE ABGELÖST UND WIEDER HERGESTELLT, SO BLEIBT SIE NOCH LEI CHENUNREIN, EBENSO BEI DER ZWEITEN UND EBENSO BEI DER DRITTEN; HAT MAN DIE VIERTE ABGELÖST, SO IST SIE VON DER LEICHENUNREINHEIT REIN, WOHL ABER DURCH BERÜHRUNG EINES LEICHENUNREINEN UNREIN. HAT MAN ABERMALS DAS ERSTE ABGELÖST UND WIEDER HERGESTELLT, SO IST SIE DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREIN, UND EBENSO BEI DER ZWEITEN; HAT MAN DAS DRITTE ABGELÖST, SO IST SIE REIN, DENN DIE VIERTE IST ES NUR DURCH BERÜHRUNG, UND DAS DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREINE MACHT NICHT DURCH BERÜHRUNG UNREIN.",
+ "EIN BETT, VON DEM DIE HÄLFTE GESTOHLEN WORDEN IST, ODER DIE HÄLFTE ABHANDEN GEKOMMEN IST, ODER DAS BRÜDER ODER GESELLSCHAFTER UNTER SICH GETEILT HABEN, IST REIN; HABEN SIE ES WILDER ZUSAMMENGE SETZT, SO IST ES VON DANN AB FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH. DAS BETT WIRD NUR ALS GANZES UNREIN UND ALS GANZES WIEDER REIN – SO R. ELIE͑ZER. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ES WERDE AUCH GLIEDWEISE UNREIN UND GLIEDWEISE REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "HAT MAN DAS BETT AUSEINANDERGENOMMEN, UM ES UNTERZUTAUCHEN, SO IST, WER DIE STRICKE BERÜHRT, REIN. VON WANN AB GILT DER STRICK ALS MIT DEM BETTE VERBUNDEN? SOBALD MAN DREI MASCHENREIHEN GEFLOCHTEN HAT. WAS VOM KNOTEN EINWÄRTS BERÜHRT, IST UNREIN, UND WAS VOM KNOTEN AUSWÄRTS, IST REIN. WAS DIE ENDEN DES KNOTENS BERÜHRT, SOWEIT SIE FÜR DIESEN ERFORDERLICH SIND, IST UNREIN. WIEVIEL HEISST ERFORDERLICH? R. JEHUDA SAGT, DREI FINGERBREITEN.",
+ "DER VOM BETTE HERAUSRAGENDE STRICK IST BEI [EINER LÄNGE VON] FÜNF HANDBREITEN REIN, BEI FÜNF BIS ZEHN UNREIN, UND VON ZEHN UND DARÜBER REIN. MIT DIESEM PFLEGTE MAN DAS PESAḤLAMM ANZUBINDEN UND DIE BETTEN HINABZULASSEN.",
+ "DER AUS DEM BETTE HERAUSRAGENDE GURTBEI JEDER GRÖSSE – SO R. MEÍR. R. JOSE SAGT, NUR BIS ZEHN HANDBREITEN. DAS ÜBERBLEIB SEL EINES GURTES [IST UNREIN] BEI SIEBEN HANDBREITEN, WORAUS MAN EINEN HALTEGURTFÜR EINEN ESEL MACHEN KANN.",
+ "WIRD EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER VOM BETTE UND DEM GURTE GETRAGEN, SO MACHT DIESER ZWEI GRADE UNREINUND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH – SO R. MEÍR. R. JOSE SAGT, WIRD DER FLUSSBEHAFTETE VOM BETTE UND DEM GURTE GETRAGEN, MACHE ER ZEHN HANDBREITEN ZWEI GRADE UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH, VON ZEHN UND DARÜBER ABER MACHE ER EINEN GRAD UNREINUND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH. WIRD ER NUR VOM GURTE GETRAGEN, SO IST ER, WENN INNERHALB ZEHN [HANDBREITEN], UNREIN, UND WENN AUSSERHALB ZEHN, REIN.",
+ "WENN EIN BETT DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN IST UND MAN DARAN EINEN GURT GEWICKELT HAT, SO IST DAS GANZEDURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN; NIMMT MAN IHN AB, SO IST JENES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN UND DER GURT DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN [UNREIN]. WENN IHM EINE SIEBENTÄGIGE UNREINHEITANHAFTET UND MAN DARAN EINEN GURT GEWICKELT HAT, SO IST DAS GANZE SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN; NIMMT MAN IHN AB, SO IST JENES SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN UND DER GURT BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN. WENN ES BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN WAR UND MAN DARAN EINEN GURT GEWICKELT HAT, SO IST DAS GANZE BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN; NIMMT MAN IHN AB, SO IST JENES BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN UND DER GURT REIN.",
+ "WENN MAN AN EIN BETT EINEN GURT GEWICKELT HAT UND SIE VON EINEM TOTEN BERÜHRT WORDEN SIND, SO SIND SIE SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN; NIMMT MAN IHN AB, SO BLEIBEN SIE SIEBENTÄGIG UNREIN. SIND SIE VON EINEM KRIECHTIERE BERÜHRT WORDEN, SO SIND SIE BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN; NIMMT MAN IHN AB, SO BLEIBEN SIE BIS ZUM ABEND UNREIN. SIND VON EINEM BETTE BEIDE LÄNGSBRETTER HERAUSGENOMMEN UND STATT DIESER NEUE EINGESETZT, DIE LÖCHERABER NICHT ABGEÄNDERT WORDEN, SO IST ES, WENN DIE NEUEN ZERBRECHEN, UNREIN, UND WENN DIE ALTEN, REIN; MAN RICHTE SICH STETS NACH DEN ALTEN.",
+ "EIN KASTEN MIT DER ÖFFNUNG OBEN KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; WIRD ER OBEN BESCHÄDIGT, SO BLEIBT ER LEICHENUNREIN. WIRD ER UNTEN BESCHÄDIGT, SO IST ER REIN; DIE DARIN BEFINDLICHEN FÄCHER SIND UNREIN UND GELTEN NICHT ALS MIT DIESEM VERBUNDEN.",
+ "WIRD EINE HIRTENTASCHE BESCHÄDIGT, SO BLEIBT DER BEUTEL DARIN UNREIN UND ER GILT NICHT ALS MIT DIESER VERBUNDEN. WENN AN EINEM SCHLAUCHE DIE EIER, DIE SICH MIT DIESEM ZUSAMMEN FÜLLEN, BESCHÄDIGT WERDEN, SO SIND SIE REIN, WEIL SIE NICHT AUF GEWÖHNLICHE WEISEAUFNEHMEN KÖNNEN.",
+ "EIN KASTEN MIT DER ÖFFNUNG AN DER SEITE KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDENUND KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN. R. JOSE SAGTE: NUR DANN, WENN ER KEINE ZEHN HANDBREITEN HOCHIST ODER KEINE LEISTE VON EINER HANDBREITE HAT. IST ER OBEN BESCHÄDIGT, SO KANN ER NUR NOCH LEICHENUNREIN SEIN; IST ER UNTEN BESCHÄDIGT, SO IST ER NACH R. MEÍR UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, DENN WENN DIE HAUPTSÄCHLICHE [VERWENDUNG] AUFHÖRT, HÖRT AUCH DIE NEBENSÄCHLICHEAUF.",
+ "IST EIN TRANSPORTKORBSO BESCHÄDIGT, DASS ER KEINE GRANATÄPFEL AUFNIMMT, SO IST ER NACH R. MEÍR UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, DENN WENN DIE HAUPTSÄCHLICHE [VERWENDUNG] AUFHÖRT, HÖRT AUCH DIE NEBENSÄCHLICHE AUF."
+ ],
+ [
+ "BESCHÄDIGTE POLSTER, KISSEN, SÄCKE ODER BEUTEL SIND DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN. DER FUTTERSACK, WENN ER VIER KAB FASST; DIE HIRTENTASCHE, WENN FÜNF; DER REISESACK, WENN EINE SEÁ; DER SCHLAUCH, WENN SIEBEN KAB. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH DER GEWÜRZSACK, UND DIE REISETASCHE, WIE GROSS SIE AUCH SIND. DIESE SIND DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, UND SIE ALLE SIND, WENN SIE BESCHÄDIGT WERDEN, REIN, DENN WENN DIE HAUPTSÄCHLICHE [VERWENDUNG] AUFHÖRT, HÖRT AUCH DIE NEBENSÄCHLICHE AUF.",
+ "DER DUDELSACK IST NICHT UNREIN DURCH AUFTRETEN. DIE MULDE DER MÖRTELARBEITER IST, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, NUR LEICHENUNREIN. WENN EINE MULDE VON ZWEI LOG BIS NEUN KAB GEPLATZT IST, SO IST SIE DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN. WENN MAN SIE IN DEN REGEN GESTELLT HAT UND SIE SICH GEDEHNT HAT, SO KANN SIE LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; WENN DARAUF IN DEN OSTWIND UND SIE GEPLATZT IST, SO NIMMT SIE WIEDER [UNREINHEIT] DURCH AUFTRETEN AN. HIERIN IST ES BEIM ÜBERBLEIBSEL VON HOLZGERÄTEN STRENGER ALS BEI SOLCHEN IN IHREM ERSTEN ZUSTANDE. UND STRENGER IST ES BEIM ÜBERBLEIBSEL VON WEIDENGERÄTEN ALS BEI SOLCHEN IN IHREM ERSTEN ZUSTANDE, DENN IN IHREM ERSTEN ZUSTANDE SIND SIE FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH, ERST WENN SIE AM RANDE BEFESTIGT SIND; SIND SIE ABER AM RANDE BEFESTIGT WORDEN, SO SIND SIE, WENN DER RAND ABGEFALLEN UND NUR ETWAS VORHANDEN IST, UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN AUS EINEM STOCKE EINEN STIEL FÜR EINE AXT GEMACHT, SO GILT ER WÄHREND DER ARBEIT HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT ALS VERBUNDEN. DER HASPEL GILT WÄHREND DER ARBEIT HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT ALS VERBUNDEN. BEFESTIGT MAN IHN AN EINE STANGE, SO IST SIE UNREIN UND GILT NICHT ALS MIT DIESEM VERBUNDEN; MACHT MAN AN DIESER EINEN HASPEL, SO IST NUR SOVIEL UNREIN, WIE DAZU GEBRAUCHT WIRD. BEFESTIGT MAN EINEN STUHL AN EINE STANGE, SO IST ER UNREIN UND GILT NICHT ALS MIT DIESER VERBUNDEN. MACHT MAN EINEN STUHL AN DIESER, SO IST NUR DIESE STELLE UNREIN. BEFESTIGT MAN [EINEN STUHL] AN DEN BALKEN EINER ÖLPRESSE, SO IST ER UNREIN UND GILT NICHT ALS MIT DIESEM VERBUNDEN; MACHT MAN AN DESSEN ENDE EINEN STUHL, SO IST ER REIN, WEIL MAN ZU IHM SAGT : STEH AUF, WIR WOLLEIN UNSERE ARBEIT VERRICHTEN.",
+ "WENN EINE GROSSE MULDE BESCHÄDIGT WORDEN IST, DASS SIE KEINE GRANATÄPFEL MEHR AUFNIMMT, UND MAN SIE ALS SITZ HERGERICHTET HAT, SO IST SIE NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, ES SEI DENN, MAN HAT SIE ALS SOLCHE ZURECHTGESCHNITTEN. MACHT MAN DARAUS EINE KRIPPE FÜR DAS VIEH, SO IST SIE UNREIN, AUCH WENN MAN SIE AN DIE WAND BEFESTIGT HAT.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN BLOCK AN EINE MAUERSCHICHT ANGEBRACHT, BEFESTIGT UND NICHT DARÜBER GEBAUT, ODER DARÜBER GEBAUT UND NICHT BEFESTIGT, SO IST ER UNREIN; HAT MAN IHN BEFESTIGT UND DARÜBER GEBAUT, SO IST ER REIN. HAT MAN EINE MATTE ÜBER DIE DECKENBALKEN GELEGT, BEFESTGIT UND KEINEN ESTRICH DARÜBER GELEGT, ODER DARÜBER EINEN ESTRICH GELEGT UND NICHT BEFESTIGT, SO IST SIE UNREIN; HAT MAN SIE BEFESTIGT UND DARÜBER EINEN ESTRICH GELEGT, SO IST SIE REIN. HAT MAN EINE SCHÜSSEL AN EINE KISTE, EINE TRUHE ODER EINEN SCHRANK BEFESTIGT, SO IST SIE, WENN SO, WIE SIE GEWÖHNLICH AUFNIMMT, UNREIN, UND WENN SO, WIE SIE NICHT GEWÖHNLICH AUFNIMMT, REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN AUS EINEM DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN BETTLAKEN EINEN VORHANG GEMACHT, SO IST ER NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, WOHL ABER KANN ER LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN. WANN WIRD ES REIN? DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SOBALD ES ZERTRENNT IST; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, SOBALD ES ANGEHEFTET IST; R. A͑QIBA SAGT, SOBALD ES BEFESTIGT IST.",
+ "HAT MAN AN EINE MATTE ÜBER DIE LÄNGE ROHRSTÄBE BEFESTIGT, SO IST SIE REIN. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NUR WENN ES IN DER ART EINES CHIERFOLGT IST. WENN MAN SIE ÜBER DIE BREITE BEFESTIGT HAT UND ZWISCHEN DEM EINEN ROHRSTABE UND DEM ANDEREN KEINE VIER HANDBREITEN SIND, SO IST SIE REIN. WIRD SIE IN DER BREITE GETEILT, SO IST SIE NACH R. JEHUDA REIN. EBENSO IST SIE REIN, WENN MAN DIE ENDKNOTENAUFLÖST. WENN SIE IN DER LÄNGE GETEILT WIRD UND DREI ENDKNOTEN VON JE SECHS HANDBREITEN ZURÜCKBLEIBEN, SO IST SIE UNREIN. WANN IST DIE MATTE FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH? SOBALD SIE BESCHNITTEN WORDEN IST. DIES IST DER ABSCHLUSS IHRER HERSTELLUNG."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WER DEN OBERBAUM, DEN UNTERBAUM, DIE SCHÄFTE, DEN KAMM, EINEN ÜBER PURPUR GEZOGENEN FADEN ODER EIN FADENENDE, DAS MAN NICHT WIEDER AUFNIMMT, BERÜHRT, IST REIN. WENN ABER DU: SEELE DES GEWEBES, DIE STEHENDE KETTE, DEN ÜBER PURPUR GEZOGENEN DOPPELFADEN ODER EIN FADENENDE, DAS MAN WIEDER AUFNIMMT, SO IST ER UNREIN. WER DIE WOLLE AM SPINNROCKEN ODER AN DER SPULE BERÜHRT, IST REIN; WER DEN WIRTEL BERÜHRT, BEVOR ER ENTBLÖSSTIST, IST UNREIN, WENN NACHDEM ER ENTBLÖSST IST, SO IST ER REIN.",
+ "WER DEN JOCHBALKEN, DIE QUERSTANGE, DAS KUMMT ODER DIE SIELEN BERÜHRT, SELBST WÄHREND DER ARBEIT, IST REIN; WER DIE STERZE, DEN PFLUGBAUM ODER DIE DEICHSEL, IST UNREIN. WENN DEN METALLENEN RING, DIE STREICHBRETTER ODER DIE PFLUGSCHARFLÜGEL, SO IST ER UNREIN. NACH R. JEHUDA IST ER, WENN DIE STREICHBRETTER, REIN, DENN SIE DIENEN NUR DAZU, DIE ERDE ZU VERMEHREN.",
+ "WER DEN GRIFF DER SÄGE BERÜHRT, AN DER EINEN ODER AN DER ANDEREN SEITE, IST UNREIN ; WER DEN STRICK ODER DIE SCHNUR, DAS QUER-HOLZ ODER DIE SPANNHÖLZER, ODER DIE PRESSE DES ZIMMERMANNES ODER DEN BOHRERBOGEN BERÜHRT, IST REIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH WER DEN RAHMEN DER GROSSEN SÄGE BERÜHRT, SEI REIN. WER DIE SEHNE ODER DEN BOGENBERÜHRT, SELBST WENN SIE GESPANNT IST, IST REIN. DIE MAULWURFSFALLEIST REIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, WENN SIE GESPANNT IST, GELTEN [DIE TEILE] ALS VERBUNDEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EIN TISCH ODER EINE ANRICHTE BESCHÄDIGT SIND, ODER MAN SIE MIT MARMOR BELEGT HAT, ABER NOCH RAUM VORHANDEN IST, UM BECHER HINZUSTELLEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, RAUM, UM STÜCKE HINZULEGEN.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINEM TISCHE EINER DER FÜSSE, SO IST ER REIN, WIRD EIN ZWEITER FORTGENOMMEN, SO IST ER REIN; WIRD DER DRITTE FORTGE NOMMEN, SO IST ER, WENN MAN DIES BESTIMMT HAT, UNREIN. R. JOSE SAGT, DIE BESTIMMUNG SEI NICHT NÖTIG. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINER ANRICHTE.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINER BANK EINER DER FÜSSE, SO IST SIE REIN, WIRD DER ZWEITE FORTGENOMMEN, SO IST SIE REIN. IST SIE EINE HANDBREITE HOCH, SO IST SIE UNREIN. FEHLT VON EINER FUSSBANK EINER DER FÜSSE, SO IST SIE UNREIN. DASSELBE GILT AUCH VOM SCHEMEL VOR DEM SESSEL.",
+ "EIN BRAUTSESSEL, DEM DER SITZ FEHLT, IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UNREIN UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS REIN. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, AUCH DER STUHLRAHMEN SEI UNREIN. EIN IN EINEM BACKTROGE BEFESTIGTER STUHL IST NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UNREIN UND NACH DER SCHULE HILLELS REIN. ŠAMMAJ SAGT, AUCH DER DARAN GEFERTIGTE.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM STUHLE, BEI DEM DIE SITZBRETTER [DEN RAHMEN] NICHT ÜBERRAGEN, DIESE FEHLEN, SO IST ER UNREIN, WEIL MAN EINEN SOLCHEN AUF DIE SEITE LEGT UND DARAUF SITZT.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM STUHLE DAS MITTELSTE SITZBRETT FEHLT UND DIE ÄUSSEREN VORHANDEN SIND, SO IST ER UNREIN; WENN DIE ÄUSSEREN FEHLEN UND DAS MITTELSTE VORHANDEN IST, SO IST ER UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, WENN ES EINE HANDBREITE BREIT IST.",
+ "FEHLEN VON EINEM STUHLE ZWEI SITZBRETTER NEBENEINANDER, SO IST ER NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN. R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH EIN BRAUTSTUHL, VON DEM DER SITZ FEHLT, ABER NOCH EIN BEHÄLTER ZURÜCKGEBLIEBEN IST, SEI REIN, DENN WENN DIE HAUPTSÄCHLICHE [VERWENDUNG] AUFHÖRT, HÖRT AUCH DIE NEBENSÄCHLICHE AUF.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINEM KASTEN DAS OBERTEIL, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DES UNTERTEILES, FEHLT DAS UNTERTEIL, SO IST ER UNREIN WEGEN DES OBERTEILES; FEHLEN DAS OBERTEIL UND DAS UNTERTEIL, SO IST ER NACH R. JEHUDA UNREIN, WEGEN DER SEITENWÄNDE, UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN. DER STEINMETZSITZ IST DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN [HOLZ]BLOCK MIT RÖTEL ODER SAFRAN ANGESTRICHEN ODER GLATTGEHOBELT, SO IST ER NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, ES SEI DENN, MAN HAT [EINEN SITZ] AUSGETIEFT. HAT MAN EINEN TRAGEKORB ODER EINEN FRUCHTKORB MIT STROH ODER WOLLFLOKKEN GEFÜLLT UND SO ZUM SITZE HERGERICHTET, SO SIND SIE REIN; HAT MAN SIE MIT BINSEN ODER SCHNUR ÜBERFLOCHTEN, SO SIND SIE UNREIN.",
+ "DER KAMMERSTUHL KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN UND LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; WIRD ER GETRENNT, SO IST DAS LEDER DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN UND DAS EISEN LEICHENUNREIN. DER DREIFUSS-STUHL MIT LEDERSITZ KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN UND LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; WIRD ER GETRENNT, SO IST DAS LEDER DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN UND DER DREIFUSS-STUHL GÄNZLICH REIN. DIE BANK IM BADEHAUSE, DEREN FÜSSE AUS HOLZ SIND, IST UNREIN, UND DEREN EINER AUS HOLZ UND EINER AUS STEIN IST, IST REIN. DIE BRETTER IM BADEHAUSE SIND, WENN MAN SIE ZUSAMMENGEFÜGT HAT, NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, WEIL SIE NUR DAZU DIENEN, DASS DAS WASSER UNTER IHNEN ABFLIESSE. HAT EIN RÄUCHERGESTELLEINEN KLEIDERBEHÄLTER, SO IST ES UNREIN, UND IST ES BIENENKORBARTIG, SO IST ES REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN EIN BALL, EIN SCHUHLEISTEN, EIN AMULETT ODER TEPHILLIN AUFGERISSEN SIND, SO IST, WER SIE BERÜHRT, UNREIN, UND WER DEN INHALT, REIN. IST EIN SATTEL AUFGERISSEN, SO IST, WER DEN INHALT BERÜHRT, UNREIN, WEIL DIE NAHT SIE VERBINDET.",
+ "FOLGENDES KANN ALS REITZEUG UNREIN WERDEN: DER AŠQELONISCHE GURT, DER MEDISCHE MÖRSER, DER KISSENSATTEL DES KAMELS, UND DIE PFERDEDECKE. R. JOSE SAGT, DIE PFERDEDECKE SEI ALS SITZ UNREIN, WEIL MAN BEIM TURNIER DARAUF STEHT. ABER DER SATTEL DES DROMEDARS IST UNREIN.",
+ "WELCHEN UNTERSCHIED GIBT ES ZWISCHEN REITZEUG UND SITZ? BEIM REITZEUGE WIRD ZWISCHEN BERÜHRUNG UND TRAGEN UNTERSCHIEDEN, BEIM SITZE ABER WIUD ZWISCHEN BERÜHRUNG UND TRAGEN NICHT UNTERSCHIEDEN. DER LASTENTRÄGER DES ESELS, WORAUF MAN [AUCH] SITZT, IST REIN; HAT MAN DARAN DIE LÖCHER GEÄNDERT ODER SIE INEINANDER DURCHGEBROCHEN, SO IST ER UNREIN.",
+ "DIE BAHRE, DAS KISSEN UND DAS POLSTER EINES TOTEN SIND UNREIN DURCH AUFTRETEN. DER BRAUTSESSEL, DER GEBÄRSTUHL UND DER WÄSCHERSTUHL, AUF DEM ER DIE KLEIDER STAPELT, GELTEN, WIE R. JOSE SAGT, NICHT ALS SITZ.",
+ "DAS FISCHERNETZ IST UNREIN WEGEN DES BEUTELS. FANG NETZE, GARNE, VOGELFALLEN, SCHLINGEN UND DIE FANGKÄSTEN DER SCHLEUSER SIND UNREIN. DIE FISCHREUSE, DER VOGELKORB UND DER KÄFIG SIND REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI SCHILDE : DER GEBOGENE SCHILD KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DER TURNIERSCHILD KANN [NUR] LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DER ARABERSCHILD IST GÄNZLICH UNREIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI WAGEN: DIE SESSELARTIGEN KÖNNEN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DIE BETTARTIGEN KÖNNEN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN ; DIE FÜR STEINE BESTIMMT SIND, SIND GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI MULDEN: IST EINE ZWEI LOG BIS DREI KAB FASSENDE MULDE GEPLATZT, SO KANN SIE DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN ; IST SIE GANZ, SO KANN SIE LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; IST SIE BESONDERS GROSS, SO IST SIE GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI TRUHEN: EINE TRUHE MIT DER ÖFFNUNG AN DER SEITE KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; IST SIE OBEN, SO KANN SIE LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN, IST SIE BESONDERS GROSS, SO IST SIE GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI FELLDECKEN: DIE DER BARBIERE KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; AUF DER MAN ISST, KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DIE FÜR OLIVEN IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI UNTERSÄTZE: DER VOR DEM BETTE UND VOR DEN SCHREIBERN KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DER VOR DER ANRICHTE KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN ; DER FÜR DEN SCHRANK IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI SCHREIBTAFELN : DIE PAPYRUSTAFEL KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DIE EINEN WACHSBEHÄLTER HAT, KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DIE GLATTE IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI BETTEN: DAS ALS LAGER BESTIMMTE KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DAS DER GLASERKANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DAS DER SATTLERIST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI TRANSPORTKÖRBE : DER FÜR DÜNGER KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DER FÜR STROH KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DER LASTKORB DER KAMELE IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI MATTEN : DIE ZUM SITZEN GEFERTIGTE KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DIE DER FÄRBER KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DIE DER KELTERNIST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI SCHLÄUCHE UND ES GIBT DREIERLEI HIRTENTASCHEN: DIE DAS FESTGESETZTE QUANTUMFASSEN, KÖNNEN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DIE DAS FESTGESETZTE QUANTUM NICHT FASSEN, KÖNNEN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DIE AUS FISCHHAUT SIND GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI FELLE : DAS ALS BODENDECKE DIENT, KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DAS ZUM EINWICKELN VON GERÄTEN DIENT, KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DAS FÜR RIEMEN UND SANDALENBESTIMMT IST, IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI LAKEN: DAS DARAUF ZU LIEGEN DIENT, KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DAS ALS VORHANG DIENT, KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DAS ZUR DEKORATIONDIENENDE IST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI TÜCHER: DAS HANDTUCH KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DAS DER BARBIERE KANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DAS EINSCHLAGETUCH UND DAS DER HARFEN DER LEVITENSIND GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI LEDERHANDSCHUHE: DIE DER WILD- UND VOGELJÄGERKÖNNEN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DIE DER HEUSCHRECKENFÄNGER KÖNNEN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DIE DER DÖRROBST-ARBEITERSIND GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI HAARNETZE : DAS DER JUNGEN [FRAU] KANN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN; DAS DER ALTENKANN LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN; DAS DER STRASSENSÄNGERINIST GÄNZLICH REIN.",
+ "ES GIBT DREIERLEI VORRATSKÖRBE : HAT MAN EINEN VERBRAUCHTEN AUF EINEN HEILEN AUFGEFLICKT, SO RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM HEILEN; WENN EINEN KLEINEN AUF EINEN GROSSEN, SO RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM GROSSEN; SIND BEIDE GLEICH, SO RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM INNEREN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE : HAT MAN EINE [UNREINE] WAGSCHALE AUF DEN BODEN EINES WÄRMEKESSELS AUFGEFLICKT, SO IST ER, WENN INNEN, UNREIN, WENN AUSSEN, REIN, UND WENN AUF DIE SEITE, OB INNEN ODER AUSSEN, REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "JEDE SACHE HAT EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE, BEISPIELSWEISE KISSEN, POLSTER, SÄCKE UND BEUTEL – SO R. JEHUDA. R. MEÍR SAGT, WAS SCHLEIFEN HAT, HABE EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE, UND WAS KEINE SCHLEIFEN HAT, HABE KEINE AUSSENSEITE UND INNENSEITE. DER TISCH UND DIE ANRICHTE HABEN EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE – SO R. JEHUDA. R. MEÍR SAGT, SIE HABEN KEINE AUSSENSEITE. EBENSO AUCH EINE PLATTE OHNE RANDLEISTE.",
+ "DER OCHSENSTECKEN HAT EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE; SIEBEN [HANDBREITEN] AN DER SCHAUFEL UND DREI AM STACHEL – SO R. JEHUDA. R. MEÍR SAGT, SIE HABEN KEINE; DIE MASSE VON VIER UND SIEBEN [HANDBREITEN] SEIEN NUR HINSICHTLICH DER ÜBERBLEIBSEL GENANNT WORDEN.",
+ "MASSE FÜR WEIN UND ÖL, DER SCHAUMLÖFFEL, DER SENFSEIHER UND DER WEINFILTER HABEN EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE – SO R. MEÍR. R. JEHUDA SAGT, SIE HABEN KEINE. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, SIE HABEN WOHL: WERDEN SIE AN DER AUSSENSEITE UNREIN, SO BLEIBT DER INHALT REIN, JEDOCH MUSS MAN SIE UNTERTAUCHEN.",
+ "WENN VON EINEM EIN VIERTEL UND EIN HALBVIERTEL [FASSENDEN MESSGEFÄSSE] DAS VIERTEL UNREIN WIRD, SO IST DAS HALBVIERTEL NICHT UNREIN, UND WIRD DAS HALBVIERTEL UNREIN, SO IST DAS VIERTEL NICHT UNREIN. SIE SPRACHEN VOR R. A͑QIBA : DAS HALBVIERTEL DIENT JA ALS AUSSENSEITE FÜR DAS VIERTEL; WIRD DENN, WENN VON EINEM GEFÄSSE DIE INNENSEITE UNREIN WIRD, DIE AUSSENSEITE NICHT UNREIN!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: ES IST VON DER VORHERIGEN KLASSE. VIELLEICHT DIENT VIELMEHR DAS VIERTEL ALS AUSSENSEITE FÜR DAS HALBVIERTEL, UND WENN VON EINEM GEFÄSS DIE AUSSENSEITE UNREIN WIRD, IST DIE INNENSEITE NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "WIRD DAS VIERTEL UNREIN, SO IST DAS VIERTEL MIT SEINER AUSSENSEITE UNREIN, DAS HALBVIERTEL ABER MIT SEINER AUSSENSEITE REIN; WIRD DAS HALBVIERTEL UNREIN, SO IST DAS HALBVIERTEL MIT SEINER AUSSENSEITE UNREIN, DAS VIERTEL ABER MIT SEINER AUSSENSEITE REIN. WIRD DIE AUSSENSEITE DES VIERTELS UNREIN, SO IST DIE AUSSENSEITE DES HALBVIERTELS REIN – SO R. MEÍR. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, MAN TEILE NICHT DIE AUSSENSEITEN; WENN MAN ES UNTERTAUCHT, TAUCHE MAN DAS GANZE UNTER.",
+ "WENN AUF DIE FUSSGESTELLE [DER GEFÄSSE], DIE RÄNDER, DIE HENKEL ODER DIE GRIFFE VON GEFÄSSEN, DIE ZUM AUFNEHMEN BESTIMMT SIND, [UNREINE] FLÜSSIGKEITEN GEKOMMEN SIND,SO TROCKNE MAN SIE AB, UND SIE BLEIBEN REIN. ANDERE GERÄTE, (DIE KEINEM GRANATAPFEL HALTEN,) BEI DENEN ES KEINE AUSSENSEITE UND INNENSEITE GIBT, SIND, WENN FLÜSSIGKEITEN AUF EINEN TEIL GEKOMMEN SIND, VOLLSTÄNDIG UNREIN. WIRD VON EINEM GEFÄSSE DIE AUSSENSEITE DURCH FLÜSSIGKEITEN UNREIN, SO IST DIE AUSSENSEITE UNREIN, DIE INNENSEITE ABER, DER RAND, DIE HENKEL UND DIE GRIFFE SIND REIN; WIRD DIE INNENSEITE UNREIN, SO IST DAS GANZE UNREIN.",
+ "JEDE SACHE HAT EINE AUSSENSEITE UND EINE INNENSEITE, AUCH HAT SIE EINE ANFASSESTELLE. R. TRYPHON SAGT, DIES GELTE NUR VOM GROSSEN HÖLZERNEN BACKTROGE. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, VON BECHERN. R. MEÍR SAGT, NUR BEI UNREINEN UND REINEN HÄNDEN. R. JOSE SPRACH : SIE SAGTEN ES NUR HINSICHTLICH DER REINHEIT DER HÄNDE.",
+ "ZUM BEISPIEL. WENN SEINE HÄNDE REIN SIND UND DIE AUSSENSEITE DES BECHERS UNREIN, UND ER ES AN DER ANFASSESTELLE ANFASST, SO BRAUCHT ER NICHT ZU BEFÜRCHTEN, SEINE HÄNDE SEIEN VIELLEICHT DURCH DIE AUSSENSEITE DES BECHERS UNREIN GEWORDEN. HAT ER AUS EINEM BECHER GETRUNKEN, DESSEN AUSSENSEITE UNREIN IST, SO BRAUCHT ER NICHT ZU BEFÜRCHTEN, DAS GETRÄNK. IN SEINEM MUNDE SEI VIELLEICHT DURCH DIE AUSSENSEITE DES BECHERS UNREIN GEWORDEN UND HABE DEN BECHER UNREIN GEMACHT. HAT DER WASSERKESSEL GEKOCHT, SO BRAUCHT ER NICHT ZU BEFÜRCHTEN, DIE FLÜSSIGKEIT SEI VIELLEICHT VON INNEN ÜBERGELAUFEN, HABE DIE AUSSENSEITE BERÜHRT UND SEI WIEDER HINEINGEKOMMEN.",
+ "GERÄTE DES HEILIGTUMS HABEN KEINE AUSSENSEITE UND INNENSEITE, AUCH HABEN SIE KEINE ANFASSESTELLE. MAN DARF NICHT FÜR HEILIGES GERÄTE IN GERÄTENUNTERTAUCHEN. ALLE GERÄTE ERLANGEN VERUNREINI GUNGSFÄHIGKEIT DURCH DIE BLOSSE ABSICHT, KOMMEN ABER AUS DER VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIGKEIT NUR DURCH EINE TÄTLICHE ÄNDERUNG. DIE TAT HEBT NÄMLICH DIE TAT UND DIE ARSICHT AUF, DIE ABSICHT ABER HEBT WEDER DIE TAT NOCH DIE ABSICHT AUF."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIE A͑MQISCHE SANDALE UND DER SCHNÜRBEUTEL, WIE R. JEHUDA SAGT, AUCH DER WEIDENKORB, UND WIE R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, GLEICHE DIESEN AUCH DIE LAODIKÄISCHE SANDALE, SIND UNREIN UND WERDEN AUCH OHNE HANDWERKER UNREIN. R. JOSE SPRACH: AUCH ALLE ANDEREN GERÄTE WERDEN JA OHNE HANDWERKER UNREIN UND REIN!? DIESE SIND VIELMEHR AUCH AUFGELÖST UNREIN, WEIL AUCH EIN LAIE SIE WIEDER HERSTELLEN KANN, UND SIE SAGTEN ES VON EINEM WEIDENKORBE NUR DESHALB, WEIL AUCH EIN HANDWERKER IHN NICHT [LEICHT] WIEDER HERSTELLEN KANN.",
+ "FEHLEN VON EINEM SCHNÜRBEUTEL DIE SCHNÜRE, SO IST ER NOCH UNREIN; IST ER FLACHGEDEIINT, SO IST ER REIN; HAT MAN UNTEN EINEN FLIKKEN AUFGESETZT, SO IST ER UNREIN. WENN VON EINEM BEUTEL IN EINEM ANDEREN BEUTEL EINER VON IHNEN DURCH FLÜSSIGKEIT UNREIN WIRD, SO IST DER ANDERE NICHT UNREIN. DER PERLENBINDEBEUTEL IST UNBEIN ; DER GELDBINDEBEUTEL IST NACH R. ELIE͑ZEB UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN.",
+ "DER HANDSCHUTZ DEB DORNENSAMMLER IST REIN. DER LEDERGURT UND DER KNIESCHUTZ SIND UNREIN, DIE ÄRMELHALTER SIND UNREIN, DIE LEDERHANDSCHUHESIND REIN. ALLE FINGERHANDSCHUHE SIND REIN, AUSGENOMMEN DER DER DÖRROBSTARBEITER, WEIL ER DAS GERBERSUMACH AUFNIMMT; IST ER ZERRISSEN, SO IST ER, WENN ER NICHT DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL DES GERBEBSUMACHS AUFNIMMT, REIN.",
+ "WENN VON EINER SANDALE EINES DER OHREN ABGEBISSEN WAR UND MAN ES ANGEBRACHT HAT, SO BLEIBT SIE DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN; WENN AUCH DAS ANDERE ABREISST UND MAN ES ANBRINGT, SO IST SIE NICHT UNREIN DURCH AUFTRETEN, WOHL ABER IST SIE DURCH BERÜHREN DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN UNREIN. KAM MAN NICHT DAZU, DAS EINE ANZUBRINGEN, BIS AUCH DAS ANDERE ABGERISSEN IST, IST DIE FERSE ABGERISSEN, FEHLT DIE SPITZE, ODER IST SIE ENTZWEIGERISSEN, SO IST SIE REIN. EINE SCHNÜRSOHLE IST, WO AUCH DARAN GERISSEN IST, REIN. EIN ZERRISSENER SCHUH IST, WENN ER DEN GBÖSSEREN TEIL DES FUSSES NICHT FASST, REIN. EIN SCHUH AUF DEM LEISTEN IST NACH R. ELIE͑ZER REIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN UNREIN. ALLE SCHLÄUCHE SIND ZUGEBUNDENREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DIE DER ARABER. R. MEÍR SAGT, PROVISORISCH ZUGEBUNDEN SEI ER REIN, FÜR DIE DAUER ZUGEBUNDEN, SEI ER UNREIN. R. JOSE SAGT, JEDER ZUGEBUNDENE SCHLAUCH SEI REIN.",
+ "FOLGENDE FELLE SIND DURCH AUFTBETEN UNREIN: EIN FELL, DAS MAN ALS BODENDECKE BESTIMMT HAT, DAS GERBER-SCHURZFELL, DAS FELL ZUR BETTUNTERLAGE, DAS FELL DER ESELTREIBER, DAS FELL DER FLACHSARBEITER, DAS FELL DER LASTTRÄGER, DAS FELL DER ÄBZTE, DAS FELL DER WIEGE, DAS KINDERLATZ-FELL, DAS KISSENFELL UND DAS POLSTERFELL. DIESE WERDEN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN. DAS FELL DER GEKÄMMTEN WOLLEUND DAS FELL DER WOLLKÄMMERKANN, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN WERDEN, UND WIE DIE WEISEN SAGEN, [NUR] LEICHEN-UNREIN.",
+ "DIE KLEIDERTASCHE UND DIE KLEIDERHÜLLE SIND DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN; DIE PURPURTASCHE UND DIE PURPURHÜLLE SIND, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, LEICHENUNREIN. HAT MAN EIN FELL ZUM ÜBERZUGE FÜR GERÄTE GEMACHT, SO IST ES REIN, WENN FÜR GEWICHTE, SO IST ES UNREIN; R. JOSE ERKLÄRT ES IM NAMEN SEINES VATERS ALS REIN.",
+ "IN ALLEN FÄLLEN, WO KEINE TÄTIGKEIT FEHLT, MACHT DIE ABSICHT[DIE SACHE] UNREIN, UND WENN NOCH EINE TÄTIGKEIT FEHLT, MACHT DIE ABSICHT SIE NICHT UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN DIE LEDERDECKE.",
+ "FELLE EINES PRIVATMANNESMACHT DIE ABSICHT UNREIN, DIE DES GERBERS MACHT DIE ABSICHT NICHT UNREIN. DIE DES DIEBES MACHT DIE ABSICHT UNREIN, DIE DES RÄUBERS MACHT DIE ABSICHT NICHT UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DIE SACHE VERHALTE SICH UMGEKEHRT: DIE DES RÄUBERS MACHT DIE ABSICHT UNREIN, DIE DES DIEBES MACHT DIE ABSICHT NICHT UNREIN, WEIL DER EIGENTÜMER SIE NICHT AUFGEGEBEN HAT.",
+ "WENN EIN FELL DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN IST UND MAN DARAUS RIEMEN UND SANDALEN ZU MACHEN BEABSICHTIGT, SO IST ES, SOBALD MAN DARAN DAS MESSER ANSETZT, REIN – SO R. JEHUDA. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ERST WENN MAN ES AUF WENIGER ALS FÜNF HANDBREITEN [ZERSCHNITTEN] HAT. R. ELIE͑ZER B. R. ÇADOQ SAGT, AUCH WENN MAN AUS EINEM FELLE EIN HANDTUCH MACHT, SEI ES UNREIN, WENN ABER AUS EINEM [LEDERNEN] POLSTER, SEI ES REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "KLEIDERSTOFF KANN UNREIN SEIN UNTER FÜNF NAMEN; SACKZEUG UNTER VIER; DAS FELL UNTER DREI; DAS HOLZ UNTER ZWEI; TONGEFÄSSE UNTER EINEM. DAS TONGEFÄSS KANN NUR ALS AUFNEHMENDES GEFÄSS UNREIN SEIN. WAS BEIM TONGEFÄSSE KEINE INNENSEITE HAT, HAT AUCH KEINE AUSSENSEITE. BEIM HOLZE KOMMT NOCH DAZU, DASS ES ALS SITZ UNREIN SEIN KANN. EBENSO IST EINE PLATTE OHNE RANDLEISTE ALS HOLZGERÄT UNREIN UND ALS TONGERÄT REIN. BEIM FELLE KOMMT NOCH DAZU, DASS ES ALS ZELT UNREIN SEIN KANN. BEIM SACKZEUGE KOMMT NOCH DAZU, DASS ES ALS GEWEBE UNREIN SEIN KANN. BEIM KLEIDERSTOFFE KOMMT NOCH DAZU, DASS ES BEI DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] UNREIN SEIN KANN.",
+ "KLEIDERSTOFF IST UNREIN BEI DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] DURCH AUFTRETEN, UND BEI DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] DURCH LEICHENUNREINHEIT. SACKZEUG BEI VIER ZU VIER [HANDBREITEN], FELL BEI FÜNF ZU FÜNF [HANDBREITEN], MATTE BEI SECHS ZU SECHS [HANDBREITEN]; ALLE GLEICH DURCH AUFTRETEN UND DURCH LEICHENUNREINHEIT. R. MEÍR SAGT, DIE ÜBERBLEIBSEL DES SACKZEUGS BEI VIER [HANDBREITEN]; ANFÄNGLICH ERST WENN ES FERTIG IST.",
+ "MACHT MAN ZWEI [HANDBREITEN] AUS KLEIDERSTOFF UND EINE AUS SACKZEUG, DREI AUS SACKZEUG UND EINE AUS LEDER, VIER AUS LEDER UND EINE AUS MATTE, SO IST ES REIN; WENN FÜNF AUS MATTE UND EINE AUS LEDER, VIER AUS LEDER UND EINE AUS SACKZEUG, ODER DREI AUS SACKZEUG UND EINE AUS KLEIDERSTOFF, SO IST ES UNREIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: ERGÄNZT MAN ES MIT DEM, WAS SCHWERER [UNREIN] IST ALS JENES, SO IST ES UNREIN, UND WENN MIT DEM, WAS LEICHTER [UNREIN] IST ALS JENES, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN VON EINEM VON DIESEN EINE HANDBREITE ZU EINER HANDBREITE ZURECHTGESCHNITTEN, SO IST ES UNREIN; WENN EINE HANDBREITE ZU EINER HANDBREITE VOM BODEN EINES KORBES, SO IST ES UNREIN. WENN VON DER SEITE EINES KORBES, SO IST ES NACH R. ŠIMO͑N REIN, UND DIE WEISEN SAGEN, EINE HANDBREITE ZU EINER HANDBREITE ZURECHTGESCHNITTEN, WOHER AUCH, SEI UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN LUMPEN VON EINER SCHWINGE ODER EINEM SIEBE ZU EINEM SITZE HERGERICHTET, SO IST ER NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN, ES SEI DENN, MAN HAT IHN ZURECHTGESCHNITTEN. EIN KINDERSTUHL, DER FÜSSE HAT, IST, AUCH WENN ER KEINE HANDBREITE HOCH IST, UNREIN. EIN KINDERHEMD IST, WIE R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, IN JEDER GRÖSSE, [UNREIN]; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, NUR WENN ES DIE ERFORDERLICHE GRÖSSEHAT, UND ES WIRD DOPPELTGEMESSEN.",
+ "FOLGENDES WIRD DOPPELT GEMESSEN: SOCKEN, KNIEHOSEN, BEINKLEIDER, EINE MÜTZE UND EIN GÜRTELBEUTEL. EIN AM RANDE AUFGESETZ TES STÜCK STOFF WIRD, WENN ES EINSEITIG IST, EINFACH GEMESSEN, UND WENN ES ZWEISEITIG IST, DOPPELT GEMESSEN.",
+ "WENN MAN VOM KLEIDERSTOFFE DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] GEWEBT HAT UND ER DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, WORAUF MAN DEN GANZEN KLEIDERSTOFF FERTIG GEWEBT UND EINEN FADEN VOM ERSTEN FORTGENOMMENHAT, SO IST ER NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, WOHL ABER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN. HAT MAN ZUERST EINEN FADEN FORTGENOMMEN UND NACHHER DEN GANZEN KLEIDERSTOFF FERTIG GEWEBT, SO IST ER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN.",
+ "DESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN MAN VOM KLEIDERSTOFFE DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] GEWEBT HAT UND ER LEICHENUNREIN GEWORDEN IST, DAR AUF DEN GANZEN KLEIDERSTOFF FERTIG GEWEBT UND EINEN FADEN VOM ERSTEN FORTGENOMMEN HAT; ER IST NICHT MEHR LEICHENUNREIN, WOHL ABER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH EINE LEICHENUNREINHEIT UNREINEN. HAT MAN ZUERST EINEN FADEN FORTGENOMMEN UND NACHHER DEN KLEIDERSTOFF FERTIG GEWEBT, SO IST ER REIN. SIE SAGTEN NÄMLICH : IST [EIN STÜCK VON] DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] VERMINDERT WORDEN, SO IST ES REIN, WENN ABER EINES VON DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] VERMINDERT WORDEN IST, SO IST ES, WENN AUCH NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, ABER IMMERHIN FÜR JEDE ANDERE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH.",
+ "HAT MAN AUS EINEM DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN BETTLAKEN EINEN VORHANG GEMACHT, SO IST ER NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, WOHL ABER IST ER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN. R. JOSE SPRACH : WELCHES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINE HAT DIESER DENN BERÜHRT!? VIELMEHR, HAT EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER IHN BERÜHRT, SO IST ER DURCH DIE BERÜHRUNG DES FLUSSBEHAFTETEN UNREIN.",
+ "IST [EIN STÜCK STOFF] VON DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] GETEILT WORDEN, SO IST ES NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, WOHL ABER UNREIN DURCH BERÜHRUNG DES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINEN. R. JOSE SPRACH: WELCHES DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINE HAT DIESES DENN BERÜHRT!? VIELMEHR, HAT EIN FLUSSBEHAFTETER ES BERÜHRT, SO IST ES DURCH DIE BERÜHRUNG DES FLUSSBEHAFTETEN UNREIN.",
+ "[EIN STÜCK STOFF] VON DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] MUSS, WENN VOM MISTHAUFEN, UNVERSEHRT UND ZUM EINBINDEN VON SALZ GEEIGNET SEIN, UND WENN IM HAUSE, ENTWEDER UNVERSEHRT, ODER ZUM EINBINDEN VON SALZ GEEIGNET SEIN. WIEVIEL SALZ MUSS MAN EINBINDEN KÖNNEN? EIN VIERTEL [KAB], R. JEHUDA SAGT, FEINES; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, GROBES. BEIDE ABER WOLLEN DAMIT ERLEICHTERN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] BEI EINEM VOM MISTHAUFEN GLEICHEN DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] BEI EINEM IM HAUSE.",
+ "IST [EIN STÜCK STOFF] VON DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] EINGERISSEN, SO IST ES, FALLS MAN ES AUF EINEN STUHL LEGT UND DER LEIB [BEIM SITZEN] DEN STUHL BERÜHRT, REIN, WENN ABER NICHT, UNREIN. IST AN EINEM [STÜCKE STOFF] VON DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] EIN FADEN DURCHGERIEBEN ODER FINDET SICH DARAN EIN KNOTEN, ODER SIND ZWEI FÄDEN ZUSAMMEN, SO IST ES REIN. HAT MAN EINES VON DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] AUF DEN MISTHAUFEN GEWORFEN, SO IST ES REIN. HOLT MAN ES WIEDER, SO IST ES UNREIN. IMMER MACHT DAS FORTWERFEN ES REIN UND DAS ZURÜCKHOLEN UNREIN, AUSGENOMMEN [STOFFE AUS] PURPUR UND WERTVOLLEM KARMESIN. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, AUCH JEDER NEUE FLICKEN GLEICHE DIESEN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, ALLE WERDEN REIN, UND DIESE SEIEN NUR HINSICHTLICH DER WIEDERGABE DES VERLORENEN GENANNT WORDEN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "HAT MAN [EIN STÜCK STOFF] VON DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] IN EINEN BALL GETAN ODER DARAUS SELBST EINEN BALL GEMACHT, SO IST ES REIN; HAT MAN ABER EINES VON DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] IN EINEN BALL GETAN, SO IST ES UNREIN, UND HAT MAN DARAUS SELBST EINEN BALL GEMACHT, SO IST ES REIN, WEIL DIE NAHT ES VERRINGERT.",
+ "HAT MAN [EIN STÜCK STOFF] VON WENIGER ALS DREI ZU DREI [HANDBREITEN] ZUGERICHTET, DAMIT EIN LOCH IM BADEHAUSE ZU VERSTOPFEN, DAMIT EINEN KOCHTOPF UMZUGIESSEN, DAMIT EINE MÜHLE AUSZUWISCHEN, OB VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE ODER NICHT VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE, SO IST ES UNREIN – SO R. ELIE͑ZER. R. JEHOŠUA͑ SAGT, OB VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE ODER NICHT VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE SEI ES REIN. R. A͑QIBA SAGT, VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE SEI ES UNREIN, NICHT VORRÄTIG ZUM GEBRAUCHE SEI ES REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EIN PFLASTER GESTRICHEN, OB AUF KLEIDERSTOFF ODER AUF LEDER, SO IST ES REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, [NUR] AUF LEDER SEI ES REIN. EIN UMSCHLAG IST AUF KLEIDERSTOFF REIN UND AUF LEDER UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, AUCH AUF KLEIDERSTOFF SEI ER UNREIN, WEIL [DER BREI] ABFÄLLT.",
+ "EINSCHLAGETÜCHER FÜR BÜCHER, OB MIT FIGUREN ODER OHNE FIGUREN, SIND NACH DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UNREIN; DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, MIT FIGUREN SEIEN SIE REIN UND OHNE FIGUREN UNREIN. R. GAMLIÉL SAGT, DIESE UND JENE SEIEN REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EIN DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREINES KOPFTUCH UM EIN BUCH GEWICKELT, SO IST ES NICHT MEHR DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, WOHL ABER KANN ES LEICHENUNREIN WERDEN. HAT MAN AUS EINEM SCHLAUCHE EINE BODENDECKE ODER AUS EINER BODENDECKE EINEN SCHLAUCH GEMACHT, SO IST ES REIN. HAT MAN AUS EINEM SCHLAUCHE EINE HIRTENTASCHE ODER AUS EINER HIRTENTASCHE EINEN SCHLAUCH GEMACHT, AUS EINEM KISSEN EIN BETTLAKEN ODER AUS EINEM BETTLAKEN EIN KISSEN, AUS EINEM POLSTER EIN HANDTUCH ODER AUS EINEM HANDTUCH EIN POLSTER, SO IST ES UNREIN. DIE REGEL HIERBEI IST: HAT ES BEI DER ÄNDERUNG DENSELBEN NAMEN, SO IST ES UNREIN, WENN EINEN ANDEREN NAMEN, SO IST ES REIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EINEN FLICKEN AUF EINEN KORB AUFGEFLICKT, SO MACHT ES EINEN GRAD UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH; TRENNT MAN IHN VOM KORBE, SO MACHT DER KORB EINEN GRAD UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH, DER FLICKEN ABER IST REIN. HAT MAN IHN AUF KLEIDERSTOFF AUFGEFLICKT, SO MACHT ES ZWEI GRADE UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH; TRENNT MAN IHN VOM KLEIDERSTOFFE, SO MACHT DER KLEIDERSTOFF EINEN GRAD UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH, DER FLICKEN ABER MACHT ZWEI GRADE UNREIN UND EINMAL UNTAUGLICH. EBENSO AUCH, WENN MAN IHN AUF SACKZEUG ODER AUF LEDERAUFFLICKT – SO R. MEÍR; NACH R. ŠIMO͑N IST ERREIN. R. JOSE SAGT, AUF LEDER SEI ER REIN, AUF SACKZEUG SEI ER UNREIN, WEIL DIESES EIN GEWEBE IST.",
+ "DIE DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN], VON DENEN SIE SPRECHEN, SIND OHNE SAUM ZU VERSTEHEN – SO R. ŠIMO͑N; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, GENAU DREI ZU DREI. HAT MAN DEN FLICKEN AN DAS KLEID AN EINER SEITE FESTGENÄHT, SO IST DIES KEINE VERBINDUNG, WENN AN ZWEI SEITEN GEGENÜBER, SO IST DIES EINE VERBINDUNG. HAT MAN ES WIE EIN GAMMAGEMACHT, SO IST ES NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREINUND NACH DEN WEISEN REIN. R. JEHUDA SPRACH: DIESE WORTE GELTEN NUR VON EINEM MANTEL, BEI EINEM HEMDEABER IST ES OBENEINE VERBINDUNG UND UNTEN KEINE VERBINDUNG.",
+ "KLEIDER VON ARMENSIND DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN, AUCH WENN SIE KEINE DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN] HABEN. HAT MAN EINEN MANTEL ZU ZERREISSEN BEGONNEN, SO IST ER, SOBALD DIE HÄLFTE DURCHGERISSEN IST, NICHT MEHR VERBUNDEN. BEI BESONDERS DICKEN UND BESONDERS DÜNNEN GILT NICHT DIE NORM VON DREI ZU DREI [FINGERBREITEN].",
+ "DAS POLSTER DER LASTTRÄGER IST DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN. EIN WEINFILTER KANN NICHT ALS SITZ UNREIN SEIN. DAS HAARNETZ EINER ALTEN [FRAU] IST ALS SITZ UNREIN. DAS HEMD EINER STRASSENGÄNGERIN, DAS NETZARTIG GEWEBT IST, IST REIN. HAT MAN EIN KLEID AUS EINEM FISCHERNETZE GEMACHT, SO IST ES REIN, WENN AUS DEM BEUTELDESSELBEN, SO IST ES UNREIN. R. ELIE͑ZER B. JA͑QOB SAGT, AUCH WENN MAN EIN KLEID AUS EINEM FISCHERNETZE GEMACHT UND ES VERDOPPELTHAT, SEI ES UNREIN.",
+ "HAT MAN EIN HAARNETZ MIT DEM VORDERRANDE ANGEFANGEN, SO IST ES SOLANGE REIN, BIS DER HINTERRAND FERTIG IST; HAT MAN MIT DEM HINTERRANDE ANGEFANGEN, SO IST ES SOLANGE REIN, BIS DER VORDERRAND FERTIG IST. DAS BINDEBAND DARAN IST ALLEIN UNREIN; DIE SCHNÜRE DARAN SIND ALS VERBUNDEN UNREIN. IST EIN HAARNETZ ZERRISSEN, SO IST ES, WENN ES NICHT DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL DES HAARES AUFNIMMT, REIN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "DIE NOPPEN DES LAKENS, DES SUDARIUMS, DES KOPFTUCHES UND DES KOPFSCHLEIERS BEI SECHS FINGERBREITEN; DIE DES UNTERKLEIDES BEI ZEHN. DIE NOPPEN DER FRIESJACKE, DES SCHLEIERS, DES HEMDES UND DES MANTELS BEI DREI [FINGERBREITEN]. DIE NOPPEN DER HAUBE EINER ALTEN [FRAU], DER GESICHTSDECKE DER ARABER, DES KILIKIONS, DES GELDGÜRTELS, DES TURBANS UND DES VORHANGES; DEREN NOPPEN, WIE LANG SIE AUCH SIND.",
+ "DREI POLSTER AUS WOLLE, SECHS AUS LEINEN, DREI LAKEN, ZWÖLF HANDTÜCHER, ZWEI ÜBERÄRMEL, EIN HEMD, EIN MANTEL UND EINE WÄRMEDECKE BILDEN JE EINE VERBINDUNG HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT UND DES BESPRENGENS; MEHR ALS IN DIESER ANZAHL BILDEN SIE EINE VERBINDUNG HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT, NICHT ABER EINE VERBINDUNG HINSICHTLICH DES BESPRENGENS. R. JOSE SAGT, AUCH NICHT HINSICHTLICH DER UNREINHEIT.",
+ "BEI DER SCHNUR DES [GEWÖHNLICHEN] SENKBLEIES ZWÖLF, DER ZIMMERER ACHTZEHN, DER BAUMEISTER FÜNFZIG ELLEN. WAS DARÜBER IST, IST, AUCH WENN MAN ES DARAN LÄSST, REIN. BEI DER DER TÜNCHER UND DER MALER, SO LANG SIE AUCH IST.",
+ "BEI DER SCHNUR DER GOLDWAGE UND DER EDELPURPURWAGE DREI FINGERBREITEN. BEIM STIELE DER AXT VON HINTEN DREI FINGERBREITEN. R. JOSE SAGT, BEI EINER HANDBREITE SEI ER REIN.",
+ "BEI DER SCHNUR DER KRÄMERWAGE ODER DER HAUSHALTSWAGE EINE HANDBREITE. BEIM STIELE DER AXT NACH VORN EINE HANDBREITE. BEIM ÜBERBLEIBSEL DES ZIRKELSCHENKELS EINE HANDBREITE. BEIM STIELE DES STEINMETZMEISSELS EINE HANDBREITE.",
+ "BEI DER SCHNUR DER WOLLWAGE UND DER GLASWAGE ZWEI HANDBREITEN. BEIM GRIFFE DES MÜHLSTEINMEISSELS ZWEI HANDBREITEN; BEIM GRIFFE DER STREITAXT ZWEI HANDBREITEN; BEIM GRIFFE DES GOLDSCHMIEDEHAMMERS ZWEI HANDBREITEN, UND BEI DEM DER GROBSCHMIEDEDREI HANDBREITEN.",
+ "BEIM ÜBERBLEIBSEL DES OCHSENSTECKENS OBENVIER [HANDBREITEN]. BEIM STIELE DES SPATENSVIER; BEIM STIELE DER JÄTEHACKE FÜNF; BEIM STIELE DES HÄMMERCHENS FÜNF; BEIM STIELE DES HAMMERS SECHS; BEIM STIELE DER SPALTEAXT UND DER GRABEAXT SECHS; BEIM STIELE DES STEINMETZHAMMERS SECHS.",
+ "BEIM ÜBERBLEIBSEL DES SCHAUFELCHENS UNTENSIEBEN [HANDBREITEN]. BEIM STIELE DER KOHLENSCHAUFEL FÜR DEN HAUSGEBRAUCH, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, SIEBEN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ACHT; BEI DEM DER TÜNCHER, WIE DIE SCHULE ŠAMMAJS SAGT, NEUN, UND WIE DIE SCHULE HILLELS SAGT, ZEHN. WILL MAN DAS, WAS DARÜBER IST, DARAN LASSEN, SO IST ES UNREIN. BEIM STIELE DER FEUERGERÄTE, WIE GROSS ER AUCH IST."
+ ],
+ [
+ "VON GLASGERÄTEN SIND DIE FLACHEN REIN UND DIE VERTIEFTEN UNREIN. ZERBRECHEN SIE, SO WERDEN SIE REIN; MACHT MAN AUS IHNEN WIEDER GERÄTE, SO SIND SIE VON DANN AB FÜR DIE UNREINHEIT EMPFÄNGLICH. DAS TABLETT UND DIE PLATTE AUS GLas sind rein; HABEN SIE EINE RANDLEISTE, SO SIND SIE UNREIN. HAT MAN DEN BODEN EINER SCHÜSSEL ODER EINER PLATTE AUS GLAS FÜR DEN GEBRAUCH HERGERICHTET, SO SIND SIE REIN ; HAT MAN SIE ABER GLATT GEWETZT ODER MIT EINER FEILE GLATT GEFEILT, SO SIND SIE UNREIN.",
+ "EIN SPIEGEL IST REIN. HAT MAN EINE KUMME ZUM SPIEGEL GEMACHT, SO IST SIE UNREIN; WENN MAN SIE ABER VON VORNHEREIN ALS SPIEGEL GEFERTIGT HAT, SO IST SIE REIN. EIN LÖFFEL, DEN MAN AUF DEN TISCH LEGT, IST, WENN ER ETWAS FASST, UNREIN, UND WENN NICHT, NACH R. A͑QIBA UNREIN UND NACH R. JOḤANAN B. NURI REIN.",
+ "EIN IN SEINER GRÖSSEREN HÄLFTE BESCHÄDIGTER BECHER IST REIN. IST ER AUF DER GRÖSSEREN HÄLFTE AN DREI [STELLEN] BESCHÄDIGT, SO IST ER REIN. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, LÄSST ER DEN GRÖSSEREN TEIL DES WASSERS AUSLAUFEN, SEI ER REIN. WENN ER EIN LOCH HAT UND MAN ES VERSTOPFT HAT, OB MIT ZINN ODER MIT PECH, SO IST ER REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, WENN MIT ZINN, SEI ER UNREIN, WENN MIT PECH, SEI ER REIN.",
+ "FEHLT VON EINEM KLEINEN FLÄSCHCHEN DER HALS, SO IST ES UNREIN; FEHLT VON EINER GROSSEN [FLASCHE] DER HALS, SO IST SIE REIN. FEHLT VON EINER RIECH[FLASCHE] DER HALS, SO IST SIE REIN, WEIL SIE DIE HAND RITZT. GROSSE KRÜGE, DENEN DER HALS FEHLT, SIND UNREIN, WEIL MAN SIE ZUM EINLEGEN HERRICHTET. EIN MÜHLENTRICHTER AUS GLAS IST REIN. R. JOSE SPRACH: HEIL DIR, [TRAKTAT VON DEN] GERÄTEN, MIT ‘UNREINHEIT’ BIST DU EINGEZOGEN, MIT ‘REINHEIT’ ABER ZIEHST DU AUS."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b41210f5f7c3a3d94994d549186cb02c52efc84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Kelim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "The fathers of impurity are a: sheretz, semen, [an Israelite] who has contracted corpse impurity, a metzora during the days of his counting, and the waters of purification whose quantity is less than the minimum needed for sprinkling. Behold, these convey impurity to people and vessels by contact and to earthenware by presence within their airspace, But they do not convey impurity by being carried.",
+ "Above them are nevelah and waters of purification whose quantity is sufficient to be sprinkled, for these convey impurity to a person [even] by being carried so that he in turn conveys impurity to clothing by contact. Clothing, however, is free from impurity where there was contact alone.",
+ "Above them is one who had intercourse with a menstruant, for he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. Above them is the issue of a zav, his spit, his semen and his urine, and the blood of a menstruant, for they convey impurity both by contact and by carrying. Above them is an object on which one can ride, for it conveys impurity even when it lies under a heavy stone. Above the object on which one can ride is that on which one can lie, for contact is the same as its carrying. Above the object on which one can lie is the zav, for a zav conveys impurity to the object on which he lies, while the object on which he lies cannot convey the same impurity to that upon which it lies.",
+ "Above the zav is the zavah, for she conveys impurity to the man who has intercourse with her. Above the zavah is the metzora, for he conveys impurity by entering into a house. Above the metzora is a [human] bone the size of a barley grain, for it conveys impurity for seven days. More strict than all these is a corpse, for it conveys impurity by ohel (tent) whereby all the others convey no impurity.",
+ "There are ten [grades of] impurity that emanate from a person:A person before the offering of his obligatory sacrifices is forbidden to eat holy things but permitted to eat terumah and [second] tithe. If he is a tevul yom he is forbidden to eat holy things and terumah but permitted to eat [second] tithe. If he emitted semen he is forbidden to eat any of the three. If he had intercourse with a menstruant he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. If he is a zav who has seen two discharges he conveys impurity to that on which he lies or sits and is required to undergo immersion in running water, but he is exempt from the sacrifice. If he saw three discharges he must bring the sacrifice. If he is a metzora that was only enclosed he conveys impurity by entry [into an ohel] but is exempt from loosening his hair, from rending his clothes, from shaving and from the birds offering. But if he was a confirmed metzora, he is liable for all these. If a limb on which there was not the proper quantity of flesh was severed from a person, it conveys impurity by contact and by carriage but not by ohel. But if it has the proper quantity of flesh it conveys impurity by contact, by carriage and by ohel. A \"proper quantity of flesh\" is such as is capable of healing. Rabbi Judah says: if in one place it has flesh sufficient to surround it with [the thickness of] a thread of the woof it is capable of healing.",
+ "There are ten grades of holiness: the land of Israel is holier than all other lands. And what is the nature of its holiness? That from it are brought the omer, the firstfruits and the two loaves, which cannot be brought from any of the other lands.",
+ "Cities that are walled are holier, for metzoras must be sent out of them and a corpse, though it may be carried about within them as long as it is desired, may not be brought back once it has been taken out.",
+ "The area within the wall [of Jerusalem] is holier, for it is there that lesser holy things and second tithe may be eaten. The Temple Mount is holier, for zavim, zavot, menstruants and women after childbirth may not enter it. The chel is holier, for neither non-Jews nor one who contracted corpse impurity may enter it. The court of women is holier, for a tevul yom may not enter it, though he is not obligated a hatat for doing so. The court of the Israelites is holier, for a man who has not yet offered his obligatory sacrifices may not enter it, and if he enters he is liable for a hatat. The court of the priests is holier, for Israelites may not enter it except when they are required to do so: for laying on of the hands, slaying or waving.",
+ "The area between the porch (ulam) and the altar is holier, for [priests] who have blemishes or unkempt hair may not enter it. The Hekhal is holier, for no one whose hands or feet are unwashed may enter it. The Holy of Holies is holier, for only the high priest, on Yom Kippur, at the time of the service, may enter it. Rabbi Yose said: in five respects the area between the porch and the altar is equal to the Hekhal, for those afflicted with blemishes or with a wild growth of hair, or who have drunk wine or whose hands or feet are unwashed may not enter there, and the people must keep away from the area between the porch and the altar when the incense is being burned."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Vessels of wood, vessels of leather, vessels of bone or vessels of glass: If they are simple they are clean If they form a receptacle they are unclean. If they were broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. Earthen vessels and vessels of sodium carbonate are equal in respect of impurity: they contract and convey impurity through their air-space; they convey impurity through the outside but they do not become impure through their backs; and when broken they become clean.",
+ "As regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of the larger but broken vessels] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold oil sufficient for the anointing of a little finger of a child [if their former capacity] was that of a log. If [their former capacity] was from one log to a se'ah [their present capacity] must be a quarter of a log. If it was from a se'ah to two se'ah it must be half a log. If from two se'ah to three se'ah or as much as five se'ah it must be a log, the words of Rabbi Ishmael. Rabbi Akiva says: I do not prescribe any size for the unbroken vessels, rather: as regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of larger but broken ones] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold enough oil to anoint the little finger of a child. [This size is prescribed for pots] that are not bigger than the small cooking-pots. For small cooking-pots and for those between these and the jars from Lydda the prescribed capacity is a quarter of a log. For those which have a size between that of Lydda jars and Bethlehem jars the capacity must be that of half a log. For those between Bethlehem jars and large stone jars the capacity must be that of a log. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai says: [the prescribed capacity for the fragments] of large stone jars is two logs, and that for the bottoms of broken Galilean flasks and small jars is any whatsoever, but the fragments of their sides are not susceptible to impurity",
+ "The following are not susceptible to impurity among earthen vessels: A tray without a rim, A broken incense-pan, A pierced pan for roasting corn, Gutters even if they are bent and even if they have some form of receptacle, A cooking vessel that was turned into a bread-basket cover, A bucket that was turned into a cover for grapes, A barrel used for swimmers, A small jar fixed to the sides of a ladle, A bed, a stool, a bench, a table, a ship, and an earthen lamp, behold these are no susceptible to impurity. The following is a general rule: any among earthen vessels that has no inner part is not susceptible to impurity on its outer sides.",
+ "A lantern that has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to impurity, but one that has none is not susceptible. A potter's mould on which one begins to shape the clay is not susceptible to impurity, but that on which one finishes it is susceptible. A funnel for home use is not susceptible to impurity, but that of merchants is susceptible because it also serves as a measure, the words of Rabbi Judah ben Batera. Rabbi Akiva says: because he puts it on its side to let the buyer smell it.",
+ "The covers of wine jars and oil jars and the covers of papyrus jars are not susceptible to impurity But if he adapted them for use as receptacles they are susceptible. The cover of a pot: When it has a hole or it has a point, it is not susceptible to impurity, But if it does not have a hole or a pointed top it is susceptible because she drains the vegetables into it. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says: because she turns out the contents [of the pot] on to it.",
+ "A damaged jar found in a furnace: Before its manufacture was complete it is not susceptible to impurity, But if after its manufacture was complete it is susceptible. A sprinkler: Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok holds it is not susceptible to impurity; But Rabbi Yose holds it to be susceptible because it lets the liquid out in drops only.",
+ "The following among earthen vessels are susceptible to impurity:A tray with a rim, An unbroken fire-pan, And a tray made up of dishes, If one of them was defiled by a [dead] creeping thing they do not all become unclean, But if it had a rim that projected above the rims of the dishes and one of them was defiled all are unclean. Similarly with an earthen spice-box and a double ink-pot. If one container was defiled from a liquid, the other is not unclean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: its thickness is divided and that side which serves the unclean one is unclean while that which serves the clean one remains clean. If its rim projects above the others and one of them contracted impurity the other is unclean.",
+ "A torch is susceptible to impurity. And the reservoir of a lamp contracts impurity through its air- space. The comb of a tzartzur: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is not susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is susceptible."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The size of a hole that renders an earthen vessel clean:If the vessel was made for food, the hole must be big enough for olives [to fall through]. If it was used for liquids it suffices for the hole to be big enough for liquids [to go through it]. And if it was used for both, we apply the greater stringency, that olives must be able to fall through.",
+ "A jar: the size of the hole must be such that a dried fig [will fall through], the words of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Judah said: walnuts. Rabbi Meir said: olives. A stew-pot or a cooking pot: such that olives [will fall through]. A bucket and a pitcher: such that oil [will fall through]. A tzartzur: such that water [will fall through]. Rabbi Shimon says: in the case of all three, [the hole] must be such that seedlings [will fall through]. A lamp: the size of the hole must be such that oil [will fall through]. Rabbi Eliezer says: such that a small perutah [will fall through]. A lamp whose nozzle has been removed is clean. And one made of earth whose nozzle has been burned by the wick is also clean.",
+ "A jar that had a hole and was mended with pitch and then was broken again: If the fragment that was mended with the pitch can hold a quarter of a log it is unclean, since the designation of a vessel has never ceased to be applied to it. A potsherd that had a hole and was mended with pitch, it is clean though it can contain a quarter of a log, because the designation of a vessel has ceased to be applied to it.",
+ "If a jar was about to be cracked but was strengthened with cattle dung, although the potsherds would fall apart were the dung to be removed, it is unclean, because the designation of vessel never ceased to apply. If it was broken and some of its pieces were stuck together again, or if he brought other pieces of clay from elsewhere, and it was also lined with cattle dung, even though the potsherds hold together when the dung is removed, it is clean, because the designation of vessel ceased to apply. If it contained one potsherd that could hold a quarter of a log, all its parts contract impurity by contact, but that potsherd contracts impurity through its air-space.",
+ "One who lines a sound vessel: Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon say: [the lining] contracts impurity. But the sages say: a lining over a sound vessel is not susceptible to impurity, and only one over a cracked vessel is susceptible. And the same dispute applies to the hoop of a pumpkin shell.",
+ "As to dog's tooth which which they line large jars: anything that touches it becomes unclean. The plug of a jar is not regarded as connected. That which touches the lining of an oven is unclean.",
+ "A cauldron which was lined with mortar or with potter's clay: That which touches the mortar is unclean; But that which touches the potter's clay is clean. A kettle which was punctured and the hole was stopped with pitch: Rabbi Yose rules that it is clean since it cannot hold hot water as cold. The same ruling he also gave concerning vessels made of pitch. Copper vessels which were lined with pitch the lining is clean, But if they are used for wine, it is unclean.",
+ "A jar which which was pierced and the hole stopped up with more pitch than was necessary: That which touches the needed portion is unclean, But that which touches the unneeded portion is clean. Pitch which dripped upon a jar, that which touches it is clean. A wooden or earthen funnel which was stopped up with pitch: Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says that it is unclean. Rabbi Akiva says that it is unclean when it is of wood and clean when it is of earthenware. Rabbi Yose says that both are clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A potsherd that cannot stand unsupported on account of its handle, or a potsherd whose bottom is pointed and that point causes it to overbalance, is clean. If the handle was removed or the point was broken off it is still clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean. If a jar was broken but is still capable of holding something in its sides, or if it was split into a kind of two troughs: Rabbi Judah says it is clean But the sages say it is unclean.",
+ "If a jar was cracked and cannot be moved with half a kav of dried figs in it, it is clean. If a damaged vessel (gistera) was cracked and it cannot hold any liquid, even though it can hold foodstuffs, it is clean, since remnants do not have remnants.",
+ "What is meant by a \"damaged vessel\" (gistera)? One whose handles were removed. If sharp ends projected from it: Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity through its air-space. If it was leaning on its side like a kind of cathedra, Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity to the vessel through its air-space. Bowls with Korfian [bottoms], and cups with Zidonian bottoms, although they cannot stand unsupported, are susceptible to impurity, because they were originally fashioned in this manner.",
+ "An earthenware vessel that has three rims: If the innermost one projects above the others, all outside it is not susceptible to impurity. If the outermost one projects above the others all within it is susceptible to impurity; And if the middle one projects above the others, that which is within it is susceptible to impurity, while that which is without it is not susceptible to impurity. If they were equal in height: Rabbi Judah says: the middle one is deemed to be divided. But the sages ruled: all are not susceptible to impurity. When do earthenware vessels become susceptible to impurity? As soon as they are baked in the furnace, that being the completion of their manufacture."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A baking oven originally must be no less than four handbreadths [high] and what is left of it four handbreadths, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: this applies only to a large oven but in the case of a small one it originally can be [any height] and what is left is the greater part of it. [Its susceptibility to impurity begins] as soon as its manufacture is completed. What is regarded as the completion of its manufacture? When it is heated to a degree that suffices for the baking of spongy cakes. Rabbi Judah says: when a new oven has been heated to a degree that sufficed for the baking of spongy cakes in an old one.",
+ "A double stove: its original height must be no less than three fingerbreadths and what is left of it three fingerbreadths. [Its susceptibility to impurity begins] as soon as its manufacture is completed. What is regarded as the completion of its manufacture? When it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of the lightest of eggs when scrambled and put in a saucepan. A single stove: if it was made for baking its prescribed size is the same as that for a baking-oven, and if it was made for cooking its prescribed size is the same as that for a double stove. A stone that projects one handbreadth from a baking-oven or three fingerbreadths from a double stove is considered a connection. One that projects from a single stove, if it was made for baking, the prescribed size is the same as that for a baking-oven, and if it was made for cooking the prescribed size is the same as that for a double stove. Rabbi Judah said: they spoke of a ‘handbreadth’ only where the projection was between the oven and a wall. If two ovens were adjacent to one another, they allot one handbreadth to this one and one to the other and the remainder is clean.",
+ "The crown of a double stove is clean. The fender around an oven: if it is four handbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space, but if it was lower it is clean. If it was joined to it, even if only by three stones, it is unclean. The place [on the stove] for the oil cruse, the spice-pot, and the lamp contract impurity by contact but not through their air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Ishmael rules that they are clean.",
+ "An oven that was heated from its outside, or one that was heated without the owner's knowledge, or one that was heated while still in the craftsman's house is susceptible to impurity. It once happened that a fire broke out among the ovens of Kefar Signah, and when the case was brought up at Yavneh Rabban Gamaliel ruled that they were unclean.",
+ "The additional piece of a householder's oven is clean, but that of bakers is unclean because he rests the roasting spit on it. Rabbi Yohanan Hasandlar said: because one bakes on it when pressed [for space]. Similarly the additional part of the boiler used by olive cookers is susceptible to impurity, but that of one used by dyers is not susceptible.",
+ "If an oven was half filled with earth, the part from the earth downwards contracts impurity by contact only while the part from the earth upwards contracts impurity [also] from its air- space. If he put the oven over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar and he put a stone at its side: Rabbi Judah says: if when heated below it becomes also heated above it is susceptible to impurity. But the sages say: since it was heated, no matter how, it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "If an oven contracted impurity how is it to be cleansed? He must divide into three parts and scrape off the plastering so that [the oven] touches the ground. Rabbi Meir says: he does not need to scrape off the plastering nor is it necessary for [the oven] to touch the ground. Rather he reduces it within to a height of less than four handbreadths. Rabbi Shimon says: he must move it [from its position]. If it was divided into two parts, one large and the other small, the larger remains unclean and the smaller becomes clean. If it was divided into three parts one of which was as big as the other two together, the big one remains unclean and the two small ones become clean.",
+ "If an oven was cut up by its width into rings that are each less than four handbreadths in height, it is clean. If he subsequently plastered it over with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the baking of spongy cakes. If he distanced the plastering, and sand or gravel was put between it and the oven sides of such an oven it has been said, \"A menstruant as well as a clean woman may bake in it and it remains clean.\"",
+ "An oven which came cut up in sections from the craftsman's house and he made for it hoops and put them on it, it is clean. If it contracts impurity, and then he removed its hoops it is clean. If he put them back on, it is still clean. If he plastered it with clay, it becomes susceptible to impurity and there is no need to heat it since it was once heated.",
+ "If he cut the oven up into rings, and then he put sand between each pair of rings, Rabbi Eliezer says: it is clean. But the sages say: it is unclean. This is the oven of Akhnai. As regards Arabian vats, which are holes dug in the ground and plastered with clay, if the plastering can stand of itself it is susceptible to impurity; Otherwise it is not susceptible. This is the oven of Ben Dinai.",
+ "An oven of stone or of metal is clean, But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it, or if it was damaged or cracked, and he lined it with plaster or with a rim of clay, it is unclean. What must be the size of the hole [for it to be pure]? It must be big enough for the flame to come through. The same applies also to a stove. A stove of stone or of metal is clean. But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it or if it was damaged or cracked but was provided with props it is unclean. If it was lined with clay, whether inside or outside, it remains clean. Rabbi Judah says: if [the lining was] inside it is unclean but if outside it remains clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If he put three props into the ground and joined them [to the ground] with clay so that a pot could be set on them, [the structure] is susceptible to impurity. If he set three nails in the ground so that a pot could be set on them, even though a place was made on the top for the pot to rest, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity. One who made a stove of two stones, joining them [to the ground] with clay: It is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says that it is not susceptible to impurity, unless a third stone is added or [the structure] is placed near a wall. If one stone was joined with clay and the other was not joined with clay, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A stone on which he placed a pot, [on it] and on an oven, or on it and a double stove, or on it and on a stove, is susceptible to impurity. [If he set the pot] on it and on another stone, on it and on a rock, or on it and on a wall, it is not susceptible to impurity. And such was the stove of the Nazirites in Jerusalem which was set up against a rock. As regards the stove of the butchers, where the stones are placed side by side, if one of the stoves contracted impurity, the others do not become unclean.",
+ "If one made two stoves of three stones and one of the outer ones was defiled the half of the middle one that serves the unclean one is unclean but the half of it that serves the clean one remains clean. If the clean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the unclean one. If the unclean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the clean one. Should the two outer ones become defiled, if the middle stone was large, each outer stone is allowed such a part of it as suffices for the support of a pot and the remainder is clean. But if it was small all of it is unclean. Should the middle stone be removed, if a big kettle can be set on the two outer stones they are unclean. If the middle stone is returned they all become clean again. If it was plastered with clay it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of an egg.",
+ "If two stones were made into a stove and they became defiled, and a stone was set up near the outer side of the one and another stone near the outer side of the other, [the inner half] of each [inner stones] remains unclean while [the outer] half of each [of these stones] is clean. If the clean stones are removed the others revert to their impurity."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The fire-basket of a householder which was lessened by less than three handbreadths is susceptible to impurity because when it is heated from below a pot above would still boil. If [it was lessened] to a lower depth it is not susceptible to impurity. If subsequently a stone or gravel was put into it, it is still not susceptible to impurity. If it was plastered over with clay, it may contract impurity from that point and onwards. This was Rabbi Judah's reply in connection with the oven that was placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar.",
+ "A hob that has a receptacle for pots is clean as a stove but unclean as a receptacle. As to its sides, whatever touches them does not become unclean as if the hob had been a stove, But as regards its wide side: Rabbi Meir holds it to be clean But Rabbi Judah holds it to be unclean. The same law applies also where a basket was inverted and a stove was put upon it.",
+ "A double stove which was split into two parts along its length is clean. Through its breadth is unclean. A single stove which was split into two parts, by its length or by its width, it is not susceptible to impurity. As to the extension around a stove, whenever it is three fingerbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and also through its air-space, but if it is less it contracts impurity through contact and not through its air- space. How is the air-space determined? Rabbi Ishmael says: He puts a spit from above to below and opposite it contracts impurity through the air-space. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: if the stove contracted impurity the extension is also unclean, but if the fender contracts impurity the stove does not become unclean.",
+ "If it [the extension] was detached from the stove, whenever it was three fingerbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space, If it was lower or if it was smooth it is clean. If three props on a stove were three fingerbreadths high, they contract impurity by contact and through their air-space. If they were lower, all the more so they contract impurity, even where they were four in number.",
+ "If one of them [i.e. the props] was removed, the remaining ones contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If originally he made two props, one opposite the other, they contract impurity by contact and through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were more than three fingerbreadths high, the parts that are three fingerbreadths high and below contract impurity by contact and through air-space but the parts that are more than three fingerbreadths high contract impurity by contact and not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were withdrawn from the rim [of the stove], the parts which are within three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact and through air-space, and those parts that are removed more than three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean.",
+ "How do we measure them? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: he puts the measuring-rod between them, and any part that is outside the measuring-rod is clean while any part inside the measuring-rod, including the place of the measuring-rod itself, is unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An oven which they partitioned with boards or hangings, and in it was found a sheretz in one compartment, the entire oven is unclean. A hive which was broken and its gap was stopped up with straw and was suspended within the air-space of an oven while a sheretz was within it, the oven becomes unclean. If a sheretz was within the oven, any food within the hive becomes unclean. But Rabbi Eliezer says that it is clean. Rabbi Eliezer said: if it affords protection in the case of a corpse which is more consequential, should it not afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel which is less consequential? They said to him: if it affords protection in the case of corpse impurity, this is because tents are divided, should it also afford protection in the case of an earthenware vessel which is not divided?",
+ "If the hive was complete, and so too in the case of a basket or a skin-bottle, and a sheretz was within it the oven remains clean. If the sheretz was in the oven, any food in the hive remain clean. If a hole was made in it: A vessel that is used for food must have a hole large enough for olives to fall through, If it is used for liquids the hole must be large enough for liquids to pass into it, And if it is used for either it is subjected to the greater restriction: the hole need only be large enough for liquids to pass into it.",
+ "Netting placed over the mouth of an oven and slightly sinking into it, and having no frame: If a sheretz was in it, the oven becomes unclean; If the sheretz was in the oven, the food in the netting becomes unclean, since only vessels afford protection against an impurity in an earthen vessel. A jar full of pure liquids placed beneath the bottom of an oven, and a sheretz in the oven – the jar and the liquids remain clean. If it was inverted, with its mouth projecting into the air-space of the oven, and a sheretz was in the oven, the liquid that clings to the sides of the jar remains clean.",
+ "A pot which was placed in an oven if a sheretz was in the oven, the pot remains clean since an earthen vessel does not impart impurity to vessels. If it contained dripping liquid, the latter contracts impurity and the pot also becomes unclean. It is as if this one says, \"That which made you unclean did not make me unclean, but you have made me unclean.\"",
+ "If a rooster that swallowed a sheretz fell within the air-space of an oven, the oven remains clean; If the rooster died, the oven becomes unclean. If a sheretz was found in an oven, any bread in it contracts second degree impurity since the oven is of the first degree.",
+ "A leavening pot with a tightly fitting lid which was put in an oven, and there was some leaven and a sheretz within the pot, but there was a partition (of inedible bread) between them, the oven is unclean but the leaven is clean. But if it was an olive's bulk of corpse, both the oven and the house are unclean, and the leaven remains clean. If in the partition there was an opening of one handbreadth, all become unclean.",
+ "A sheretz which was found in the eye-hole of an oven or of a double stove or of a single stove: If it was outside the inner edge, it is clean. If it [the oven] was in the open air, even if it was an olive's bulk of corpse it is clean. If there was [in the eye-hole] an opening of one handbreadth, it is all unclean.",
+ "If a sheretz was found in the [place in a stove] where wood is put: Rabbi Judah says: if it was within the outer edge, [the stove] becomes unclean. But the sages say: if it was outside the inner edge [the stove] remains clean. Rabbi Yose says: if it was found beneath the spot where the pot is placed and inwards, the stove becomes unclean, but if beneath the spot where the pot is set and outwards, it remains clean. If it was found on the place where the bath-keeper sits, or where the dyer sits, or where the olive-boilers sit, the stove remains clean. It only becomes unclean only [when the sheretz] is found in the enclosed part and inwards.",
+ "A pit which has a place on which a pot may be set is unclean. And so also an oven of glass-blowers, if it has a place on which a pot may be set, it is unclean. The furnace of lime-burners, or of glaziers, or of potters is clean. A purna: If it has a frame is unclean. Rabbi Judah says: if it has coverings [for compartments.] Rabban Gamaliel says: if it has edges.",
+ "If a person who came in contact with one who has contracted corpse impurity had (food liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was clean, they cause the oven to be unclean. If a person who was clean had food or liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was unclean, they become unclean. If a person was eating a pressed fig with impure hands and he put his hand into his mouth to remove a small stone: Rabbi Meir considers the fig to be unclean But Rabbi Judah says it as clean. Rabbi Yose says: if he turned it over [in his mouth] the fig is unclean but if he did not turn it over the fig is clean. If the person had a pondion in his mouth, Rabbi Yose says: if he kept it there to relieve his thirst it becomes unclean.",
+ "If milk [of an impure woman] dripped from a woman's breasts and fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven becomes unclean, since a liquid conveys impurity regardless of whether one wanted it there or not. If she was sweeping it out and a thorn pricked her and she bled, or if she burnt herself and put her finger into her mouth, the oven becomes unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a needle or a ring was found in the ground of an oven, and they can be seen but they don't stick out into the oven, if one bakes dough and it touches them, the [oven] is unclean. Regarding which dough did they speak? Medium dough. If they are found in the plaster of an oven with a tightly fitting lid: If the oven is unclean, they are unclean, If the oven is clean, they are clean. If they are found in the stopper of a jar: If on the sides, they are unclean. If opposite the mouth, they are clean. If they can be seen in it, but they do not enter its airspace, they are clean. If they sink into it, and there is [plaster] underneath them as thick as garlic peel, they are clean.",
+ "A jar that was full of clean liquids, with a siphon in it, and it had a tightly fitting cover and was in a tent in which there was a corpse: Bet Shammai says: both the jar and the liquids are clean but the siphon is unclean. And Bet Hillel says: the siphon also is clean. Bet Hillel changed their mind and ruled in agreement with Bet Shammai.",
+ "If a sheretz was found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains clean, for I can assume that it fell there while it was still alive and that it died only now. If a needle or a ring was found beneath the bottom of an oven, the oven remains clean, for I can assume that they were there before the oven arrived. If it was found in the wood ashes, the oven is unclean since one has no ground on which to base an assumption of cleanness.",
+ "A sponge which had absorbed unclean liquids and its outer surface became dry and it fell into the air-space of an oven, the oven is unclean, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to a piece of turnip or reed grass. Rabbi Shimon says: the oven is clean in both these cases.",
+ "Potsherds that had been used for unclean liquids which fell into the air-space of an oven, if the oven was heated, it becomes unclean, for the liquid would eventually come out. And the same with regard to fresh olive peat, but if it was old, the oven remains clean. If it was known that liquid emerges, even after the lapse of three years, the oven becomes unclean.",
+ "If olive peat or grape skins had been prepared in conditions of cleanness, and unclean persons trod upon them and afterwards liquids emerged from them, they remain clean, since they had originally been prepared in conditions of cleanness. If a spindle hook was sunk into the spindle, or the iron point into the ox goad, or a ring into a brick, and all these were clean, and then they were brought into a tent in which was a corpse, they become unclean. If a zav caused them to move they become unclean. If they then fell into the air-space of a clean oven, they cause it to be unclean. If a loaf of terumah came in contact with them, it remains clean.",
+ "If there was netting placed over the mouth of an oven, forming a tightly fitting lid, and a split appeared between the oven and the colander, the minimum size [to allow impurity to enter] is that of the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that cannot actually enter it. Rabbi Judah says: it must be one into which the tip can actually enter. If a split appeared in the netting, the minimum size is the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can enter it. Rabbi Judah says: even if it cannot enter. If the split was curved it must not be regarded as straight, and still the minimum size must be the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can actually enter.",
+ "If there was a hole in the \"eye\" of an oven, the minimum size [for it to leave the category of being tightly closed] is the circumference of a burning spindle staff that can enter and come out [without being extinguished]. Rabbi Judah says: one that is not burning. If the hole appeared at its side, the minimum size must be that of the circumference of a spindle staff that can enter and come out while it is not burning. Rabbi Judah says: while burning. Rabbi Shimon says: if the hole is in the middle its size must be such that a spindle staff can enter it, but if it was at the side it need only be such as the spindle staff cannot actually enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning the stopper of a jar in which a hole appeared: the minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in an oat stalk. If the hole was in the middle the stalk should be able to enter, and if at the side it need not be able to enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning large stone jars in the stoppers of which appeared a hole. The minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in a reed. If the hole was in the middle the reed must be able to enter it, and if it was at the side the reed need not be able to enter it. When is this so? When the jars were made for wine, but if they were made for other liquids, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. When is this so? When the holes were not made by a person, but if they were made by a person, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. If a hole appeared [in other vessels its prescribed size ] is as follows: if the vessel was used for food, [the hole must be one] through which olives can fall out; if for liquids, one that lets out liquids; If for either, the greater restriction is imposed [even with regard to the issue of] a tightly fitting cover [the size of the hole need only be] one that admits a liquid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The following vessels protect their contents when they have a tightly fitting cover: those made of cattle dung, of stone, of clay, of earthenware, of sodium carbonate, of the bones of a fish or of its skin, or of the bones of any animal of the sea or of its skin, and wooden vessels that are always clean. They protect whether the covers close their mouths or their sides, whether they stand on their bottoms or lean on their sides. If they were turned over with their mouths downwards they afford protection to all that is beneath them to the nethermost deep. Rabbi Eliezer declares this unclean. These protect everything, except that an earthen vessel protects only foods, liquids and earthen vessels.",
+ "How may it be tightly covered? With lime or gypsum, pitch or wax, mud or excrement, crude clay or potter's clay, or any substance that is used for plastering. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with tin or with lead because though it is a covering, it is not tightly fitting. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with swollen fig-cakes or with dough that was kneaded with fruit juice, since it might cause it to become unfit. If he did make a tightly fitting cover [from such material] it protects.",
+ "A stopper of a jar that is loose but does not fall out: Rabbi Judah says: it protects. But the sages say: it does not protect. If its finger-hold was sunk within the jar and a sheretz was in it, the jar becomes unclean. If the sheretz was in the jar, any food in it, become unclean.",
+ "If a ball or coil of reed grass was placed over the mouth of a jar, and only its sides were plastered, it does not protect unless it was also plastered above or below. The same is true with regard to a patch of cloth. If it was of paper or leather and bound with a cord, if he plastered it from the sides, it protects.",
+ "If [the outer layer] a jar had been peeled off but its pitch [lining] remained intact, And similarly if pots of fish brine were sealed up with gypsum at a level with the brim: Rabbi Judah says: they do not protect. But the sages say: they do protect.",
+ "If a jar had a hole in it and wine lees stopped it up, they protect it. If one stopped it up with a vine shoot [it does not protect] until he plasters it at the sides. If there were two vine shoots, [it does not protect] unless he plastered it at the sides and also between the one shoot and the other. If a board was placed over the mouth of an oven, it protects if he plastered it at the sides. If there were two boards [it does not protect] unless he plastered at the sides and also between the one board and the other. If they were fastened together with pegs or with bamboo joints there is no need for them to be plastered in the middle.",
+ "An old oven was within a new one and netting was over the mouth of the old [new] one: If [it was placed such that if] the old one were to be removed the netting would drop, all [the contents of both ovens] are unclean; But if it would not drop, all are clean. A new oven was within an old one and netting was over the mouth of the old one if there was not a handbreadth of space between the new oven and the netting, all the contents of the new one are clean.",
+ "If [earthenware] pans were placed one within the other and their rims were on the same level, and there was a sheretz in the upper one or in the lower one, that pan alone becomes unclean but all the others remain clean. If [they were perforated] to the extent of admitting a liquid, and the sheretz was in the uppermost one, all become unclean. If in the lowest one, that one is unclean while the others remain clean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, both are unclean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, any one that contained dripping liquid becomes unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Metal vessels, whether they are flat or form a receptacle, are susceptible to impurity. On being broken they become clean. If they were re-made into vessels they revert to their former impurity. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: this does not apply to every form of impurity but only to that contracted from a corpse.",
+ "Every metal vessel that has a name of its own [is susceptible to impurity,] Except for a door, a bolt, a lock, a socket under a hinge, a hinge, a clapper, and the [threshold] groove under a door post, since these are intended to be attached to the ground.",
+ "If vessels are made from iron ore, from smelted iron, from the hoop of a wheel, from sheets, from plating, from the bases, rims or handles of vessels, from chippings or filings, they are clean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: even those made of pieces of vessels. From [vessels that are made] of fragments of vessels, from pieces of old vessels, or from nails that were known to have been made from vessels, are unclean. [If they were made] from ordinary nails: Bet Shammai says: they are unclean, And Bet Hillel says that they are clean.",
+ "If unclean iron was smelted together with clean iron and the greater part was from the unclean iron, [the vessel made of the mixture] is unclean; If the greater part was from the clean iron, the vessel is clean. If each was half, it is unclean. The same law also applies to a mixture of cement and cattle dung. A door bolt is susceptible to impurity, but [one of wood] that is only plated with metal is not susceptible to impurity. The clutch and the crosspiece [of a lock] are susceptible to impurity. A door-bolt: Rabbi Joshua says: he may remove it from one door and hang it on another on Shabbat. Rabbi Tarfon says: it is like all other vessels and may be carried about in a courtyard.",
+ "The scorpion [-shaped] bit of a bridle is susceptible to impurity, but the cheek-pieces are clean. Rabbi Eliezer says that the cheek-pieces are susceptible to impurity. But the sages says that the scorpion-bit alone is susceptible to impurity, When they are joined together it is all susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A metal spindle-knob:Rabbi Akiva says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is not susceptible. If it was only plated [with metal] it is clean. A spindle, a distaff, a rod, a double flute and a pipe are susceptible to impurity if they are of metal, but if they are only plated [with metal] they are clean. If a double flute has a receptacle for the wings it is susceptible to impurity in either case.",
+ "A curved horn is susceptible to impurity but a straight one is clean. If its mouthpiece was covered with metal it is unclean. If its broad side [is covered with metal]: Rabbi Tarfon says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is clean. While they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity. Similarly: the branches of a candlestick are clean. And the cups and the base are susceptible to impurity, But while they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A helmet is susceptible to impurity but the cheek-pieces are clean, But if they have a receptacle for water they are susceptible to impurity. All weapons of war are susceptible to impurity: a javelin, a spear-head, metal boots, and a breastplate are susceptible to impurity. All women's ornaments are susceptible to impurity: a golden city (a tiara), a necklace, ear-rings, finger-rings, a ring whether it has a seal or does not have a seal, and nose-rings. If a necklace has metal beads on a thread of flax or wool and the thread broke, the beads are still susceptible to impurity, since each one is a vessel in itself. If the thread was of metal and the beads were of precious stones or pearls or glass, and the beads were broken while the thread alone remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. The remnant of a necklace [is susceptible] as long as there is enough for the neck of a little girl. Rabbi Eliezer says: even if only one ring remained it is unclean, since it also is hung around the neck.",
+ "If an earring was shaped like a pot at its bottom and like a lentil at the top and the sections fell apart, the pot-shaped section is susceptible to impurity because it is a receptacle, while the lentil shaped section is susceptible to impurity in itself. The hooklet is clean. If the sections of an ear-ring that was in the shape of a cluster of grapes fell apart, they are clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A man's ring is susceptible to impurity. A ring for cattle or for vessels and all other rings are clean. A beam for arrows is susceptible to impurity, but one for prisoners is clean. A prisoner's collar is susceptible to impurity. A chain that has a lock-piece is susceptible to impurity. But that used for tying up cattle is clean. The chain used by wholesalers is susceptible to impurity. That used by householders is clean. Rabbi Yose said: When is this so? When it attaches to one door, but if it attaches to two doors or if it had a snail[-shaped] piece at its end it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "The beam of a wool-combers’ balance is susceptible to impurity on account of the hooks. And that of a householder, if it has hooks is also susceptible to impurity. The hooks of porters are clean but those of peddlers are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: in the case of the peddlers' [hooks], [the hook] that is in front is susceptible to impurity but that which is behind is clean. The hook of a couch is susceptible to impurity but that of bed poles is clean. [The hook of] a chest is susceptible to impurity but that of a fish trap is clean. That of a table is susceptible to impurity but that of a wooden candlestick is clean. This is the general rule: any hook that is attached to a susceptible vessel is susceptible to impurity, but one that is attached to a vessel that is not susceptible to impurity is clean. All these, however, are by themselves clean.",
+ "The metal cover of a basket of householders: Rabban Gamaliel says: it is susceptible to impurity, The sages say that it is clean. But that of physicians is susceptible to impurity. The door of a cupboard of householders is clean but that of physicians is susceptible to impurity. Tongs are susceptible to impurity but stove-tongs are clean. The scorpion [-shaped] hook in an olive-press is susceptible to impurity but the hooks for the walls are clean.",
+ "A blood-letters’ nail is susceptible to impurity. But [the nail] of a sundial is clean. Rabbi Zadok says that it is susceptible to impurity. A weaver's nail is susceptible to impurity. The chest of a grist-dealer: Rabbi Zadok says: it is susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is clean. If its wagon was made of metal it is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "A nail which he adapted to be able to open or to shut a lock is susceptible to impurity. But one used for guarding is clean. A nail which he adapted to open a jar: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to impurity, But the sages say that it is clean unless he forges it. A money-changer's nail is clean, But Rabbi Zadok says: it is susceptible to impurity. There are three things which Rabbi Zadok holds to be susceptible to impurity and the sages hold clean: The nail of a money-changer, The chest of a grist-dealer And the nail of a sundial. Rabbi Zadok rules that these are susceptible to impurity and the sages rule that they are clean.",
+ "There are four things which Rabban Gamaliel says are susceptible to impurity, and the sages say are not susceptible to impurity.The covering of a metal basket, if it belongs to householders; And the hanger of a strigil; And metal vessels which are still unshaped; And a plate that is divided into two [equal] parts. And the sages agree with Rabban Gamaliel in the case of a plate that was divided into two parts, one large and one small, that the large one is susceptible to impurity and the small one is not susceptible to impurity.",
+ "If a dinar had been invalidated and then was adapted for hanging around a young girl's neck it is susceptible to impurity. So, too, if a sela had been invalidated was adapted for use as a weight, it is susceptible to impurity. How much may it depreciate while one is still permitted to keep it? As much as two denars. Less and he must be cut it up.",
+ "A pen-knife, a writing pen, a plummet, a weight, pressing plates, a measuring-rod, and a measuring-table are susceptible to impurity. All unfinished wooden vessels also are susceptible to impurity, excepting those made of boxwood. Rabbi Judah says: one made of an olive-tree branch is also clean unless it was first heated."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The sword, knife, dagger, spear, hand-sickle, harvest-sickle, clipper, and barbers’ whose component parts were separated, are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yose says: the part that is near the hand is susceptible to impurity, but that which is near the top is clean. The two parts of shears which were separated: Rabbi Judah says: they are still susceptible to impurity; But the sages say that they are clean.",
+ "A koligrophon whose spoon has been removed is still susceptible to impurity on account of its teeth. If its teeth have been removed it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A makhol whose spoon is missing is still susceptible to impurity on account of its point; If its point was missing it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. A stylus whose writing point is missing is still susceptible to impurity on account of its eraser; If its eraser is missing it is susceptible on account of its writing point. A zomalister whose spoon is lost is still susceptible to impurity on account of its fork; If its fork is missing, it is still susceptible on account of its spoon. So too with regard to the prong of a mattock. The minimum size for all these instruments: so that they can perform their usual work.",
+ "A harhur that is damaged is still susceptible to impurity until its greater part is removed. But if its shaft-socket is broken it is clean. A hatchet whose cutting edge is lost remains susceptible to impurity on account of its splitting edge. If its splitting edge is lost it remains susceptible on account of its cutting edge. If its shaft-socket is broken it is clean.",
+ "An ash-shovel whose spoon was missing is still susceptible to impurity, since it is still like a hammer, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages rule that it is clean. A saw whose teeth are missing one in every two is clean. But if a hasit length of consecutive teeth remained it is susceptible to impurity. An adze, scalpel, plane, or drill that was damaged remains susceptible to impurity, but if its steel edge was missing it is clean. In all these cases if it was split into two parts both remain susceptible to impurity, except for the drill. The block of a plane by itself is clean.",
+ "A needle whose eye or point is missing is clean. If he adapted it to be a stretching-pin it is susceptible to impurity. A pack-needle whose eye was missing is still susceptible to impurity since one writes with it. If its point was missing it is clean. A stretching-pin is in either case susceptible to impurity. A needle that has become rusty: If this hinders it from sewing it is clean, But if not it remains susceptible to impurity. A hook that was straightened out is clean. If it is bent back it resumes its susceptibility to impurity.",
+ "Wood that serves a metal vessel is susceptible to impurity, but metal that serves a wooden vessel is clean. How so? If a lock is of wood and its clutches are of metal, even if only one of them is so, it is susceptible to impurity, but if the lock is of metal and its clutches are of wood, it is clean. If a ring was of metal and its seal of coral, it is susceptible to impurity, but if the ring was of coral and its seal of metal, it is clean. The tooth in the plate of a lock or in a key is susceptible to impurity by itself.",
+ "If Ashkelon grappling-irons were broken but their hooks remained, they remain susceptible to impurity. If a pitch-fork, winnowing-fan, or rake, and the same applies to a hair-comb, lost one of its teeth and it was replaced by one of metal, it is susceptible to impurity. And concerning all these Rabbi Joshua said: the scribes have here introduced a new principle of law, and I have no explanation to offer.",
+ "A flax-comb: if the teeth were missing but two remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. If only one remained it is clean. As regards all the teeth, each one individually is susceptible to impurity. A wool-comb: if one tooth out of every two is missing it is clean. If three consecutive teeth remained, it is susceptible to impurity. If the outermost tooth was one of them, the comb is clean. If two teeth were removed from the comb and made into a pair of tweezers, they are susceptible to impurity. Even if only one was removed but it was adapted to be used for a lamp or as a stretching-pin, it is susceptible to impurity."
+ ],
+ [
+ "What is the minimum size of [broken] metal vessels [for them to be susceptible to impurity]? A bucket must be of such a size as to draw water with it. A kettle must be such as water can be heated in it. A boiler, such as can hold selas. A cauldron, such as can hold jugs. Jugs, such as can hold perutahs. Wine-measures, such as can measure wine; and oil-measures, such as can measure oil. Rabbi Eliezer says: the size for all these is such as can hold perutahs. Rabbi Akiva says: a vessel that lacks trimming is susceptible to impurity, but one that lacks polishing is clean.",
+ "A staff to the end of which he attached a nail like an axe is susceptible to impurity. If the staff was studded with nails it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon ruled: only if he put in three rows. In all cases where he put them in as ornamentation the staff is clean. If he attached a tube to its end, and so also in the case of a door, it is clean. If it was once an independent vessel and then it was fixed to the staff, it remains susceptible to impurity. When does it become pure? Bet Shammai says: when it is damaged; And Bet Hillel says: when it is joined on.",
+ "A builder's staff and a carpenter's axes are susceptible to impurity. Tent-pegs and surveyors’ pegs are susceptible to impurity. A surveyor's chain is susceptible to impurity, but one used for wood is clean. The chain of a big bucket [is susceptible to impurity to a length of] four handbreadths, and that of a small one [to a length of] ten handbreadths. A blacksmith's jack is susceptible to impurity. A saw whose teeth were made in a hole susceptible to impurity, but if they were turned from below upwards it is clean. All covers are clean except that of a boiler.",
+ "The parts of a wagon that are susceptible to impurity: the metal yoke, the cross-bar, the side-pieces that hold the straps, the iron bar under the necks of the cattle, the pole-pin, the metal girth, the trays, the clapper, the hook, and any nail that holds any of its parts together.",
+ "The clean parts of a wagon are the following: the yoke that is only plated [with metal], side-pieces made for ornamentation, tubes that give out a noise, the lead at the side of the necks of the cattle, the rim of the wheel, the plates and mountings, and all other nails, all of these are clean. Metal shoes of cattle are susceptible to impurity but those made of cork are clean. When does a sword become susceptible to impurity? When it has been polished. And a knife? When it has been sharpened.",
+ "A metal basket-cover which was turned into a mirror: Rabbi Judah rules that it is clean. And the sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. A broken mirror, if it does not reflect the greater part of the face, is clean.",
+ "Metal vessels remain unclean and become clean even when broken, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: they can be made clean only when they are whole. How so? If they were sprinkled upon and on the same day they were broken and then they were recast and sprinkled upon on the same day, they are clean, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: there can be no effective sprinkling earlier than on the third and the seventh day.",
+ "A knee-shaped key that was broken off at the knee is clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean because one can open with it from within. A gamma-shaped key that was broken off at its shorter arm is clean. If it retained the teeth and the gaps it remains unclean. If the teeth were missing it is still unclean on account of the gaps; if the gaps were blocked up it is unclean on account of the teeth. If the teeth were missing and the gaps were blocked up, or if they were merged into one another, it is clean. If in a mustard-strainer three holes in its bottom were merged into one another the strainer is clean. A metal mill-funnel is unclean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Vessels of wood, leather, bone or glass: those that are flat are clean and those that form a receptacle are susceptible to impurity. If they are broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. A chest, a box, a cupboard, a straw basket, a reed basket, or the tank of an Alexandrian ship, that have flat bottoms and can hold a minimum of forty se'ah in liquid measure which represent two kor in dry measure, are clean. All other vessels whether they can contain the minimum or cannot contain it, are susceptible to impurity, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: the tub of a wagon, the food chests of kings, the tanners trough, the tank of a small ship, and an ark, even though they are able to contain the minimum, are susceptible to impurity, since they are intended to be moved about with their contents. As to all other vessels, those that can contain the minimum are clean and those that cannot contain it are susceptible to impurity. There is no difference between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah except a baking trough which belongs to a householder.",
+ "Bakers’ baking-boards are susceptible to impurity, but those used by householders are clean. But if he dyed them red or saffron they are susceptible to impurity. If a bakers’ shelf was fixed to a wall: Rabbi Eliezer rules that it is clean And the sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. The bakers' frame is susceptible to impurity but one used by householders is clean. If he made a rim on its four sides it is susceptible to impurity, but if one side was open it is clean. Rabbi Shimon says: if he fixed it so that one can cut the dough upon it, it is susceptible to impurity. Similarly, a rolling-pin is susceptible to impurity.",
+ "The container of the flour-dealers’ sifter is susceptible to impurity, but the one of a householder is clean. Rabbi Judah says: also one that is used by a hairdresser is susceptible to impurity as a seat, since girls sit in it when their hair is dressed.",
+ "All hangers are susceptible to impurity, except for those of a sifter and a sieve that are used by householders, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: all hangers are clean, excepting those of a sifter of flour-dealers, of a sieve used in threshing-floors, of a hand-sickle and of a detective's staff, since they aid when the instrument is in use. This is the general rule: [a hanger] that is intended to aid when the instrument is in use is susceptible to impurity and one intended to serve only as a hanger is clean.",
+ "The grist-dealers’ shovel is susceptible to impurity but the one used in grain stores is clean. The one used in wine- presses is susceptible to impurity but that used in threshing- floors is clean. This is the general rule: [a shovel] that is intended to hold anything is susceptible to impurity but one intended only to heap stuff together is clean.",
+ "Ordinary harps are susceptible to impurity, but the harps of Levites are clean. All liquids are susceptible to impurity, but the liquids in the Temple slaughtering house are clean. All scrolls convey impurity to the hands, excepting the scroll of the Temple courtyard. A wooden toy horse is clean. The belly-lute, the donkey-shaped musical instrument and the erus are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: the erus is susceptible to sitting impurity since the wailing woman sits on it. A weasel-trap is susceptible to impurity, but a mouse- trap is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden vessel that was broken into two parts becomes clean, except for a folding table, a dish with compartments for [different kinds of] food, and a householder's footstool. Rabbi Judah says: a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are subject to the same law. When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity? A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fishskin. If the owner determined not to sand them over they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed becomes susceptible to impurity as soon as three rows of meshes have been knitted in it.",
+ "Wooden baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as their rims are rounded off and their rough ends are smoothed off. But those that are made of palm-branches [become susceptible to impurity] even though their ends were not smoothed off on the inside, since they are allowed to remain in this condition. A basket [of reed-grass becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as its rim is rounded off, its rough ends are smoothed off, and its hanger is finished. A wicker basket flasks or for cups [is susceptible to impurity] even if the rough ends were not smoothed off on the inside, since these are allowed to remain in this condition.",
+ "Small reed baskets and baskets [become susceptible to impurity] as soon as their rims are rounded off and their rough ends are smoothed off. Large reed baskets and large hampers, as soon as two rows have been made round their sides. The container of a sifter or a sieve and a cup of the balances, as soon as one circling band has been made round their sides. A willow basket, as soon as two twists have been made around its wide sides. And a rush basket, as soon as one twist has been made round it.",
+ "When do leather vessels become susceptible to impurity?A leather pouch, as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough ends trimmed and its straps sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: so soon as its ears have been sewn on. A leather apron [becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough end trimmed and its strings sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its loops have been sewn on. A leather bed cover [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its straps have been sewn on. A leather cushion or mattress [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as it has been sew up and less than five handbreadths remained open.",
+ "A basket [for figs] is susceptible to uncleanness but a basket for wheat is clean. Small baskets made of leaves are clean, but those made of branches are susceptible to uncleanness. The palm wrapping [in which dates are left] and into which they can be easily put and from which they can easily be taken out is susceptible to uncleanness, but if this cannot be done without tearing it or undoing it, it is clean.",
+ "The leather glove of winnowers, travelers, or flax workers is susceptible to uncleanness. But the one for dyers or blacksmiths is clean. Rabbi Yose says: the same law applies to the glove of grist dealers. This is the general rule: that which is made for holding anything is susceptible to uncleanness, but that which only affords protection against perspiration is clean.",
+ "The dung bag of a bull and its muzzle, a bee shelf, and a fan are clean. The cover of a small box is susceptible to uncleanness; The cover of a clothes chest is clean. The cover of a box, the cover of a basket, a carpenter's vice, a cushion under a box or its arched cover, a reading-desk for a book, a bolt-socket, a lock-socket, a mezuzah case, a lyre case, a violin case, the block of the turban-makers, a wooden musical toy horse, the clappers of a wailing woman, a poor man's parasol, bed posts, a tefillin mould, and the mould of string makers all these are clean. This is the general rule which Rabbi Yose stated: all objects that serve as a protection to objects that a man uses, both when the latter are in use and when they are not in use, are susceptible to uncleanness; but those that serve them as a protection only when the latter are in use are clean.",
+ "The sheath of a sword, a knife or a dagger, the case for scissors, or shears or a razor, the case of make-up and the make-up box, the stylus case, the compass case, the tablet case, the case for a board, a quiver and a javelin case all these are susceptible to uncleanness. The case for a double flute is susceptible to uncleanness if the instrument is put in from above, but if it is put in from the side it is clean. A case for flutes Rabbi Judah says it is clean because these are put in from the side. The covering of a club, a bow or a spear is clean. This is the general rule: that which serves as a case is susceptible to uncleanness, but that which is merely a covering is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All [wooden] vessels that belong to householder [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of pomegranates. Rabbi Eliezer says: [the size of the hole depends] on what it is used for. Gardeners’ vegetable baskets [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of bundles of vegetables. Baskets of householders [become clean if the holes in them are] the size of [bundles] of straws. Those of bath-keepers, if bundles of chaff [will drop through]. Rabbi Joshua says: in all these the size is that of pomegranates.",
+ "A skin bottle [becomes clean if the holes in it are of] a size through which warp-stoppers [can fall out]. If a warp-stopper cannot be held in, but it can still hold a woof-stopper it remains unclean. A dish holder that cannot hold dishes but can still hold trays remains unclean. A chamber- pot that cannot hold liquids but can still hold excrements remains unclean. Rabban Gamaliel rules that it is clean since people do not usually keep one that is in such a condition.",
+ "Bread-baskets [become clean if] the size [of their hole is such] that loaves of bread [would fall through]. Papyrus frames through into which reeds were inserted from the bottom upwards to strengthen them, are clean. If he fixed walls to it, they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Shimon says: if it cannot be lifted up by these walls it is clean.",
+ "The pomegranates of which they have spoken--three attached to one another. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: in a sifter or a sieve [the size of the hole must be such that a pomegranate will drop out] when one picks it up and walks about with it. In a basket it must be such [as would allow a pomegranate] to fall through while one hangs it behind him. And all other vessels which cannot hold pomegranates as, for instance, the quarter kav measure and the half quarter kav measure, and small baskets, the size [of their holes must be] such as would extend over the greater part of them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says: [the size of their hole must be such that] olives [could fall through]. If their sides were broken [the size of their hole must be] such as olives would drop through. If they are worn away the size must be such as would allow the objects which are usually kept in them [to drop through].",
+ "The pomegranate of which they spoke refers to one that is neither small nor big but of moderate size. And why did they mention the pomegranates of Baddan? That whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: to use them as a measure for holes in vessels. Rabbi Akiva said: they were mentioned for both reasons: that they are to be used as a measure for holes in vessels and that whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden. Rabbi Yose said: the pomegranates of Baddan and the leeks of Geba were mentioned only to indicate that they must be tithed everywhere with certain tithe.",
+ "The egg of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. Rabbi Judah says: the largest and the smallest must be brought and put in water and the displaced water is then divided. Rabbi Yose says: but who can tell me which is the largest and which is the smallest? Rather, it all depends on the observer's estimate.",
+ "The dried fig of which they spoke--- it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. Rabbi Judah says: the biggest in the land of Israel is like one of medium size in other lands.",
+ "The olive of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size the egori. The barleycorn of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size the midbarit The lentil of which they spoke it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size--the egyptian kind. \"Any movable object conveys uncleanness if it is of the thickness of an ox goad\" it is one that is neither big nor small but of moderate size. What is meant by \"one of moderate size?\" One whose circumference is just a handbreadth.",
+ "The cubit of which they spoke is one of medium size. There were two standard cubits in Shushan Habirah, one in the north-eastern corner and the other in the south-eastern corner. The one in the north-eastern corner exceeded that of Moses by half a fingerbreadth, while the one in the south-eastern corner exceeded the other by half a fingerbreadth, so that the latter exceeded that of Moses by a fingerbreadth. But why were there a larger and a smaller cubit? Only for this reason: so that craftsmen might take their orders according to the smaller cubit and return their finished work according to the larger cubit, so that they might not be guilty of any possible trespassing of Temple property.",
+ "Rabbi Meir says: all cubits were of the moderate length except that for the golden altar, the horns, the surround and the base. Rabbi Judah says: the cubit used for the building was one of six handbreadths and that for the vessels one of five handbreadths.",
+ "Sometimes they stated a smaller measure: Liquid and dry measures were measured with the Italian standard which was the one that was used in the wilderness. Sometimes they stated a measure that varied according to the individual concerned: One who takes the handful of a minhah, One who takes both hands full of incense, One who drinks a cheek full on Yom Kippur, And the two meals for an eruv, The quantity being the food one eats on weekdays and not on Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: as on Shabbat and not as on weekdays. And both intended to give the more lenient ruling. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made of a kav. Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pundium when the price of wheat is four se'ah for a sela’.",
+ "And sometimes they stated a large measure:A ladleful of corpse mould refers to the big ladle of physicians; The split bean in the case of skin disease refers to the Cilician kind; One who eats on Yom Kippur a quantity of the bulk of a large date, refers to the size of the date and its pit; In the case of skins of wine and oil [the holes] must be as big as their large stopper; In the case of a light hole that was not made by man's hands the prescribed size of which is that of a large fist, the reference is to the fist of Ben Batiah Rabbi Yose said: and it is as big as a large human head. And in the case of one made by human hands the prescribed size is that of the large drill in the Temple chamber which is the size of the Italian pondium or the Neronian sela or like the hole in a yoke.",
+ "All that live in the sea are clean, except the sea-dog because it seeks refuge on dry land, the words of Rabbi Akiba. If one made vessels from what grows in the sea and joined to them anything that grows on land, even if only a thread or a cord, if it is susceptible to uncleanness, they are unclean.",
+ "The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the first day. There can be no uncleanness in what was created on the second day. The laws of uncleanness can apply to what was created on the third day. No there can be no uncleanness in what was created on the fourth day and on the fifth day, except for the wing of the vulture or an ostrich-egg that is plated. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: why should the wing of a vulture be different from all other wings? The laws of uncleanness can apply to all that was created on the sixth day.",
+ "If one made a receptacle whatever its size it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one made a couch or a bed whatever its purpose it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one made a wallet from untanned hide or from papyrus it is susceptible to uncleanness. A pomegranate, an acorn and a nut which children hollowed out to measure dust or fashioned them into a pair of scales, are susceptible to uncleanness, since in the case of children an act is valid though an intention is not.",
+ "The beam of a balance and a leveler that contain a receptacle for metal, carrying-stick that has a receptacle for money, a beggar's cane that has a receptacle for water, and a stick that has a receptacle for a mezuzah and for pearls are susceptible to uncleanness. About all these Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Oy to me if I should mention them, Oy to me if I don't mention them.",
+ "The base of the goldsmiths’ anvil is susceptible to uncleanness, but that of the blacksmiths is clean. A whetting-board which has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A writing-tablet that has a receptacle for wax is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A straw mat or a tube of straw: Rabbi Akiva rules it is susceptible to uncleanness; But Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri rules that is it clean. Rabbi Shimon says: the hollow stalk of colocynth is subject to the same law. A mat of reeds or rushes is clean. A reed-tube that was cut for holding anything remains clean until all the pith has been removed."
+ ],
+ [
+ "A wooden chest: Beth Shammai says: it is measured on the inside; And Bet Hillel says: on the outside. Both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are not included in the measurement. Rabbi Yose says: both agree that the thickness of the legs and the thickness of the rim are included in the measurement, but the space between them is not included. Rabbi Shimon Shezuri ruled: if the legs are one handbreadth high the space between them is not included in the measurement, otherwise it is included.",
+ "Its carriage: if it can be slipped off, is not regarded as connected, nor is it included in its measurement, nor does it afford protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, nor may it be drawn along on Shabbat if it contains money. If it cannot be slipped off, it is regarded as connected, it is included in its measurement, it affords protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, it may be drawn along on Shabbat even if it contains money. Its arched top, if it is fixed [to the box], is considered connected and is measured with it, but if it is not fixed it is not connected and is not measured with it. How is it measured? As an ox-head. Rabbi Judah says: if it cannot stand by itself it is clean.",
+ "If one of the legs was missing from a chest, a box or a cupboard, even though it is still capable of holding [things], it is clean, since it cannot hold [things] in the usual manner. But Rabbi Yose says: it is susceptible to impurity. The poles of a bed, its base, and [its] covering are clean. Only the bed itself and its rectangle [frame] are susceptible to uncleanness. The rectangle frames of the Levites are clean.",
+ "A bed frame that was put on props: Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah say it is susceptible to uncleanness. But Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon say that it is clean. Rabbi Yose said: Why is this different from the rectangle frames of the Levites which are clean?",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras uncleanness: If a short side was removed and its two legs still remains it is unclean. But if a long side and two legs were removed it becomes clean. Rabbi Nehemiah says: it is unclean. If two props at opposite corners were cut off, or if two legs at opposite corners were cut off, or if the bed was reduced to a level of less than a handbreadth, it becomes clean.",
+ "A bed that had contracted midras impurity:If a long side of it was broken and then he repaired it, it still retains its midras impurity. If the second side was also broke and then he repaired it, it becomes pure from midras impurity but is unclean by virtue of contact with midras. If before one could manage to repair the first side the second one broke, the bed becomes clean.",
+ "If a [bed] leg that had contracted midras uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts midras uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off, it retains its midras uncleanness while the bed is unclean from contact with midras. If a bed leg that was subject to a seven-day uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts seven-day uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off it remains subject to seven-day uncleanness while the bed is only subject to evening-uncleanness. If a leg that was subject to evening uncleanness was joined to a bed, all the bed contracts evening uncleanness. If it was subsequently taken off it is still subject to evening uncleanness while the bed becomes clean. The same law applies also to the prong of a mattock.",
+ "A tefillin box consisting of four vessels: if the first compartment was unloosed, and then he mended it, it retains its corpse uncleanness. So is it also the case with the second and the third. If he unloosed the fourth it becomes free from corpse uncleanness but it is still unclean from contact with corpse uncleanness. If he went back to the first compartment and unloosed and mended it, it remains unclean from contact. So also in the case of the second compartment. If he then unloosed the third compartment and mended it becomes clean, since the fourth is unclean from contact, and what is unclean from contact cannot convey uncleanness by contact.",
+ "A bed half of which was stolen or lost, or one which brothers or joint owners divided between themselves, becomes clean. If it was restored it is susceptible to uncleanness henceforth. A bed may contract uncleanness and be rendered clean when all its parts are bound together, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But the sages say: it can contract uncleanness and is rendered clean in single parts."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who dismantles a bed in order that he might immerse it and [while doing so] touches the ropes remains clean. When does the rope begin to constitute a connective with the bed? As soon as three rows of meshes of it have been knotted. And [if another rope was tied to this one] and a person touches it: If from the knot inwards he becomes unclean; But if from the knot outwards he remains clean. As to the loose ends of the knot, any one that touches that part which is needed for it becomes unclean. And how much is needed for it? Rabbi Judah says: three fingerbreadths.",
+ "A rope that hangs out from a bed:If it is shorter than five handbreadths, it is clean, If it is from five to ten handbreadths long, it is unclean. From ten handbreadths and longer is clean; For it is with [this rope] that paschal lambs were tied and beds were lowered down.",
+ "If a part of a mattress hangs over, it is unclean whatever its length, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: only that which is shorter than ten handbreadths. The remnant of a mattress remains unclean if the length is at least seven handbreadths from which a donkey's covering can be made.",
+ "If a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress, the latter causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: if a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress the part that is shorter than ten handbreadths causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, but that which is over the ten handbreadths causes only an uncleanness of one grade and an unfitness of one grade. If he was carried on the mattress, [on the overhanging part] that was shorter than ten handbreadths, it becomes unclean, but if on the part that was longer than ten handbreadths it remains clean.",
+ "If around a bed that had contracted midras uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to midras uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to midras uncleanness but the mattress is unclean only from contact with midras. If around a bed that had contracted seven-day uncleanness one wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to seven-day uncleanness. If it was removed, the bed remains subject to seven-day uncleanness but the mattress is unclean until the evening. If the bed was subject to evening uncleanness and around it he wrapped a mattress, the whole becomes subject to evening uncleanness; If it was removed, the bed remains subject to evening uncleanness but the mattress becomes clean.",
+ "If a mattress was wrapped around a bed and a corpse touched them, they are subject to a seven-day uncleanness; If they are taken apart they are still subject to a seven-day uncleanness. If a sheretz touched them they are subject to an evening uncleanness; If they are taken apart they are still subject to evening uncleanness. A bed from which the two longer sides were removed and two new ones were prepared for it but the original sockets were not changed: If the new sides were broken the bed retains its uncleanness, But if the old ones were broken it becomes clean, since all depends on the old ones.",
+ "A box whose opening is at the top is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If a piece fell out above it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If it was damaged below, it becomes clean. The compartments within it remain unclean and are not regarded as a connected to it.",
+ "If a shepherd's bag was damaged, the pocket within it retains its uncleanness and is not regarded as a connected to it. A skin whose testicle bags serve also as receptacles and they were damaged, they become clean, since they will no longer serve their original purpose.",
+ "A box whose opening is at the side is susceptible to both midras uncleanness and corpse uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: When does this apply? When it is less than ten handbreadths in height or when it does not have a rim one handbreadth deep. If it was damaged above it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. If it was damaged below: Rabbi Meir rules that it is susceptible to uncleanness. But the sages rule that it is clean because if the primary function ceases the secondary one also ceases.",
+ "A dung-basket that was so damaged that it will not hold pomegranates: Rabbi Meir says is still susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is clean because if the primary function ceases the secondary one also ceases."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Pillows, bed coverings, sacks and packing cases that were damaged are still susceptible to midras uncleanness. A fodder-bag that can hold four kav, a shepherd's bag that can hold five kav, a traveling bag that can hold a se'ah, a skin that can hold seven kav, Rabbi Judah adds: also a spice-bag, and a food wallet that can hold the smallest quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness. If any of them was damaged it becomes clean, since if the primary function ceases the secondary function also ceases.",
+ "A bagpipe is not susceptible to midras uncleanness. A trough for mixing mortar: Bet Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras uncleanness , And Bet Hillel says it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only. If a trough of a capacity from two log to nine kav is split, it becomes susceptible to midras uncleanness. If he left it out in the rain and it swelled it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness alone. [If he left it out] during the east wind and it split, it is susceptible to midras uncleanness. In this respect the law is stricter in the case of remnants of wooden vessels than in [that of such vessels] in their original condition. It is also stricter in regard to the remnants of wicker vessels than [to such vessels] as are in their original condition, for when they are in their original condition they are insusceptible to uncleanness until their rim is finished, but after their rim has been finished, even though their edges fell away leaving only the slightest trace of them, they are unclean.",
+ "If a stick was used as a handle for a hatchet, it is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of use. A yarn winder is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of its use. If it was fixed to a pole it is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not considered connected to it. If the pole itself was converted into a yarn winder, only that part which is needed for use is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the pole is susceptible to uncleanness, but the latter is not regarded as connected to it. If the pole itself was turned into a seat, only the place of the seat is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the beam of an olive-press is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not connected to it. If the end of a beam was turned into a seat it remains clean, because people would tell him, \"Get up and let us do our work.\"",
+ "If a large trough was so damaged that it could no longer hold pomegranates and he fixed it to be used as a seat: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it remains clean unless its rough parts have been smoothed. If it was turned into a feeding bowl for cattle, even if it was fixed to a wall, it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A wood block that was fixed to a row on a wall, whether he fixed it and did not built upon it or built upon it but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If he fixed it and also built upon, it is clean. Matting that was spread over the roof-beams, whether he fixed it but did not put on the plasterwork or whether he put on the plasterwork but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If it was fixed and he laid plasterwork over it, it is clean. A dish that was fixed to a chest, box or cupboard: If in such a manner as to hold its contents in the usual way, it is susceptible to uncleanness, But if it was in a manner that it cannot hold its contents in the usual way it is clean.",
+ "If a sheet that was susceptible to midras uncleanness made into a curtain, it becomes clean from midras uncleanness but it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. When does it become insusceptible to [midras] uncleanness? Bet Shammai says: when the loops have been tied to it. . Bet Hillel says: when it has been attached. Rabbi Akiva says: when it has been fixed.",
+ "A mat whose reeds stretched lengthwise is insusceptible to uncleanness; But the sages rule: only if they lay in the shape of [the Greek letter] chi. If they were laid along its width and there was a distance of less than four handbreadths between the two reeds, it is insusceptible to uncleanness. If it was divided along its width, Rabbi Judah rules that is clean. So also, where the end-knots are untied, it is clean. If it was divided along its length but three end-knots remained intact across a stretch of six handbreadths, it is susceptible to uncleanness. When does a mat become susceptible to uncleanness? When its rough ends are trimmed, this being the completion of its manufacture."
+ ],
+ [
+ "One who touches the upper beam, the lower beam, the harnesses, the sley, the thread that is drawn over purple material, or a spool which is not to be shot back, remains clean. If he touches the woof, the standing warp, the double thread that is drawn over purple material or a spool which is to be shot back, he becomes unclean. If one touches the wool that is on the distaff, or on the spool, he remains clean. If he touches the spinner: Before it was uncovered he is unclean, After it was uncovered he remains clean.",
+ "One who touches the yoke, the crossbar, the collar-piece, or the thick ropes, even when they are being used, he remains clean. If he touched the tail piece, knee or handle, he becomes unclean. If he touched the metal rings, the guides, or the flanks, he becomes unclean. Rabbi Judah says that he remains clean if he touched the guides since they only serve to increase the soil.",
+ "One who touches the handle of a saw at either end becomes unclean; [If he touched] its string, cord, cross-piece or side-pieces, a carpenter's vice, or the bow-handle of a bow-drill, he remains clean. Rabbi Judah says: so too he who touches the frame of a large saw remains clean. One who touches the bow-string or the bow, even though it was stretched, he remains clean. A mole-trap is clean. Rabbi Judah says: when it is stretched, the separate parts are [regarded as] connected."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a table or a side-board was damaged or he covered them with marble but room was left for cups to be set, it is unclean. Rabbi Judah ruled: there must be room enough for pieces of food.",
+ "A table one of whose legs was removed is clean. If a second leg was removed it is still clean. But if a third was removed it becomes unclean where the owner has the intention of using it. Rabbi Yose says: no intention is necessary. The same law applies also to the side-board.",
+ "A bench, one of whose legs was removed, is clean. If its second leg also was removed it is still clean. If it was one handbreadth high it is unclean. A footstool one of whose legs was removed is unclean. The same applies to the stool in front of a cathedra.",
+ "A bride's stool which lost the coverings for the seatboards: Bet Shammai rules that it still susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even the frame of the stool is susceptible to uncleanness. A stool which was fixed to a kneading-trough, Bet Shammai rules that it susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even one made out of it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A chair whose seat boards did not project and then they were removed, it is still susceptible to uncleanness, for it is usual to turn it on its side and to sit on it.",
+ "A chair whose middle seat board was removed but the outer ones remained, it is still susceptible to uncleanness. If the outer ones were removed and the middle seat board remained it is also susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Shimon says: only if it was a handbreadth wide.",
+ "A chair, of which two seat boards were removed, this one next to this one: Rabbi Akiva says: it is susceptible to impurity; And the sages say that it is clean. Rabbi Judah said: so too if the seat boards of a bride's chair were lost, though the receptacle under remained, it is clean, since where the primary function has ceased, the secondary one also ceases.",
+ "A chest whose top part was removed is still susceptible to uncleanness on account of its bottom; If its bottom was removed it is still susceptible to uncleanness on account of its top part. If both the top part and the bottom part were removed: Rabbi Judah says that it is susceptible to uncleanness on account of its sides, But the sages rule that it is clean. A stonecutter's seat is subject to midras uncleanness.",
+ "A [wooden] block which was painted red or saffron, or was polished: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it remains clean unless [a seat] was carved out. A small basket or a big one that was filled with straw or other soft material remains clean [even] if it was prepared as a seat. But if it was plaited over with reed-grass or with a cord it becomes susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A toilet is subject to both midras and corpse uncleanness. If the leather seat was separated, the leather is subject to midras uncleanness and the iron is subject only to corpse uncleanness. A folding stool whose cover is of leather is subject to both midras and corpse uncleanness. If it was taken apart, the leather is subject to midras uncleanness while the stool is altogether clean. A bath-house bench that has two wooden legs is susceptible to uncleanness. If one leg was of wood and the other of stone it is clean. Boards in a bath-house which were joined together: Rabbi Akiva says that they are susceptible to [midras] uncleanness; But the sages say that they are clean, since they are made only for the water to flow under them. A fumigation-cage that contains a receptacle for garments is susceptible to uncleanness, But one that is made like a bee-hive is clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a ball, a mould, an amulet or tefillin were torn, one that touches them becomes unclean, But one that touches what is inside them remains clean. If a saddle was torn, one that touches its contents unclean, because the stitching joins them.",
+ "The following are susceptible to uncleanness as objects that are fit for riding upon (merkav): an Ashkelon donkey belt, a Medean saddle, a camel's pillow, and a horse-cloth. Rabbi Yose says: a horse-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness as a seat, since people stand on it in the arena. But a saddle of a female camel is susceptible to [sitting] uncleanness.",
+ "What is the practical difference between [the uncleanness of an object used for] riding upon and [one used for] sitting upon? In the case of the former the effect of contact with it is different from the effect of carrying it, but in the case of the latter there is no difference between the effect of coming in contact with it or carrying it. The pack-frame of a donkey on which a zav sat is clean; But if the size of the spaces has been changed or if they have been broken one into another it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A bier, the mattress and the pillow of a corpse are susceptible to the uncleanness of midras. A bride's stool, a midwife's stool, and a launderer's stool on which he piles the clothes: Rabbi Yose says: it is not regarded as a seat.",
+ "A fishing net is susceptible to uncleanness on account of its bag. Nets, snares, bird-traps, slings and fishermen's skeins are susceptible to uncleanness. A fish-trap, a bird-basket and a bird-cage are not susceptible to uncleanness."
+ ],
+ [
+ "There are three different types of shields:A bent shield is susceptible to midras uncleanness; A shield used in the arena is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And the Arabian toy shield is pure from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of wagons:The one made like a cathedra is susceptible to midras uncleanness; The one made like a bed is susceptible to corpse uncleanness, And the one for [the transport of] stones is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baking-troughs:If a baking-trough of a capacity from two log to nine kav was split it is susceptible to midras uncleanness; If it was whole it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And if it holds the prescribed measure it is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of boxes:A box whose opening is at the sides is susceptible to midras uncleanness; If it is on the top it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And if it holds the prescribed measure it is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of leather covers:That of barbers is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That on which people eat is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And that for [spreading out] olives is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of bases:One which lies before a bed or before a scribe is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One for a side-table is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one for a cupboard is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of writing tablets:That of papyrus is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That which had a receptacle for wax is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And that which is smooth is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of beds:One that is used for lying upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used by glass makers is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one used by weavers is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baskets:The one for dung is susceptible to midras uncleanness; The one for straw is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And a camel's rope bag is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of mats:One used for sitting upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used by dyers is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And one used in wine-presses is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of water skins and three different types of shepherds' wallets:Those that can hold the prescribed quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness; Those that cannot hold the prescribed quantity are susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And those made of fish skin are free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hides:That which is used as a rug is susceptible to midras uncleanness; That which is used as a wrapper for vessels is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And that which is intended for straps and sandals is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of sheets:One used for lying upon is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used as a curtain is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And one used as a mural decoration is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of napkins:One used for hands is susceptible to midras uncleanness; One used for books is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And the one used as a shroud or a covering for the harps of the Levites is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hip-boots:Those used by the hunters of animals and birds are susceptible to midras uncleanness; Those used by locust gatherers are susceptible to corpse uncleanness. And those used by fig-pickers are free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of hair nets:A girl's is susceptible to midras uncleanness; An old woman's is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; And [the hair net] of a woman who \"goes out\" is free from all uncleanness.",
+ "There are three different types of baskets: If a worn-out basket is patched on to a sound one, all is determined by the sound one; If a small basket is patched on to a large one all is determined by the large one; If they are equal all is determined by the inner one. Rabbi Shimon says: if the cup of a balance was patched on to the bottom of a boiler on the inside, the latter becomes unclean; but if on the outside it remains clean. If it was patched on to the side, whether on the inside or the outside, it remains clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "All vessels have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, as for instance, cushions, coverings, sacks and packing-bags, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: any vessel that has loops has [different laws] for inner and outer sides but one that has no loops does not have different laws for outer and inner sides. A table and a side-board have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have a different law for their outer sides. The same applies to a frame.",
+ "An ox-goad has different laws for its outer and inner parts, [The outer part is] the seven handbreadths from the broad blade and four handbreadths from the point, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: it is not to [subject to such distinction], the four and the seven handbreadths were mentioned only in regard to its remnants.",
+ "Measures of wine or oil, a fork-ladle, a mustard-strainer and a wine-filter have an outer and inner side, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: they do not have. Rabbi Shimon says: they do have, for if their outer parts contracted uncleanness that which is inside remains clean, and immersion is required.",
+ "If [in a measure consisting of] a quarter [of a log] and half a quarter [of a log] the quarter measure contracted uncleanness, the half-quarter measure does not become unclean, and if the half-quarter contracted uncleanness the quarter does not become unclean. They argued before Rabbi Akiva: since the half quarter measure is the outer part of the quarter measure, should not the outer side of the vessel whose inner side contracted uncleanness become unclean? He answered them: Are you sure that it belongs to the category [of vessels] that have inner [and outer] parts? Perhaps the quarter is to be regarded as the outer side of the half quarter and, surely, the inner side of a vessel does not become unclean if the outer side contracted uncleanness.",
+ "If the [inside of the] quarter contracted uncleanness, the quarter and its outer side are unclean, but the half quarter and its outer side remain clean. If the [inside of the] half quarter contracted uncleanness, the half quarter and its outer side are unclean, but the quarter and its outer side remain clean. If the outer side of the quarter contracted uncleanness,the outer side of the half quarter remains clean, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: the outer side cannot be divided. When he immerses the vessel, he must immerse the whole thing.",
+ "The bases, rims, hangers or handles of vessels that have a receptacle upon which an unclean liquid fell, one dries them and they remain clean. But [if unclean liquid fell] on any part of any other vessel which cannot hold pomegranates (or in which no distinction is made between its outer and inner sides), the whole becomes unclean. If the outer side of a vessel contracted uncleanness from a liquid, only its outer side is unclean but its inner side, rim, hanger and handles remain clean. If its inner side contracted uncleanness the whole is unclean.",
+ "All vessels have outer and inner sides and have a part by which they are held. Rabbi Tarfon says: this applies only to a large wooden [kneading] trough. Rabbi Akiva says: it applies to cups. Rabbi Meir says: it applies to unclean and clean hands. Rabbi Yose says: they said this only concerning clean hands.",
+ "How so?If one's hands were clean and the outer side of a cup was unclean, one may hold it by its holding-place and need not be concerned lest his hands have contracted uncleanness from the outer side of the cup. If one was drinking from a cup whose outer side was unclean he need not be concerned lest the liquid in his mouth contracted uncleanness from the outer side of the cup and that it then conveyed uncleanness to the cup. If a kettle was boiling one need not be concerned lest liquid should come out from it and touch its outer side and return again within it.",
+ "Holy vessels do not have outer and inner sides or a part by which they are held. One may not immerse vessels within one another for sacred use. All vessels become susceptible to uncleanness by intention, but they cannot be rendered insusceptible except by a change-effecting act, for an act annuls an earlier act as well as an earlier intention, but an intention annuls neither an earlier act nor an earlier intention."
+ ],
+ [
+ "An Imki sandal and a laced-up bag, Rabbi Judah says: also an Egyptian basket; Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: also to a Lattakian sandal can be made susceptible to uncleanness and again be made insusceptible without the aid of a craftsman. Rabbi Yose said: But can't all vessels be made susceptible to uncleanness and again insusceptible without the aid of a craftsman? Rather, these, even when they are unlaced are susceptible to uncleanness since a layman is able to restore them. They spoke only of an Egyptian basket which even a craftsman cannot [easily] restore.",
+ "A laced-up bag whose laces were removed is still susceptible to uncleanness; But if it was made flat it is pure. If a strip of cloth has been put on it below, it is susceptible. If a bag was within another bag and one of them became unclean from a liquid, the other does not become unclean. A pearl pouch is susceptible to uncleanness. A money pouch: Rabbi Eliezer says that it is susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is pure.",
+ "The hand-coverings of thorn-pickers are pure. A belt and leg guards are susceptible to uncleanness. Sleeves are susceptible to uncleanness. But hand-coverings are pure. All finger-coverings are pure except that of fig-pickers, since the latter holds the sumac berries. If it was torn, if it cannot hold the greater part of a sumac berry it is pure.",
+ "A sandal, one of whose holes was broken but was then fixed, retains its midras uncleanness. If a second hole was broken and it was fixed, it is free from midras uncleanness but is unclean from contact with midras. If the second hole was broken before the first could be mended, it is clean. If its heel was torn off, or if its toe-piece was removed, or if it was torn in two, it becomes clean. A heel-less slipper that was torn anywhere becomes clean. A shoe that was damaged becomes clean if it cannot contain the greater part of the foot. A shoe that is still on the last: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is insusceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say that it is susceptible. All water skins whose holes have been tied up are insusceptible to uncleanness, except for Arabian ones. Rabbi Meir says: if they are tied up for a while, they are clean; but if they are tied with a permanent knot they are unclean. Rabbi Yose says: all tied up water skins are clean.",
+ "The following hides are susceptible to midras uncleanness: A hide which he intended to use as a rug, A hide used as an apron, A hide used as the lower covering of a bed, A hide used by a donkey-driver, A hide used by a flax-worker, A hide used by a porter, A hide used by a doctor, A hide used for a crib, A hide put over a child's chest, A hide for a cushion. A hide for a covering. All these are susceptible to midras uncleanness. A hide for wrapping up combed wool and a hide worn by a wool-comber: Rabbi Eliezer says it is susceptible to midras, But the sages say that it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only.",
+ "A bag or wrapper for garments is susceptible to midras. A bag or wrapper for purple wool: Bet Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras, But Bet Hillel says: it is susceptible only to corpse uncleanness. A hide which was made to be a covering for vessels is not susceptible to uncleanness, but for weights it is susceptible. Rabbi Yose says in the name of his father that it is pure.",
+ "Whenever no act is lacking, intention alone causes a vessel to be susceptible to uncleanness, But whenever an act is lacking, intention alone does not render it susceptible to uncleanness, except for a fur cover.",
+ "The hides of a householder become susceptible to uncleanness by intention, but those that belong to a tanner do not become susceptible by mere intention. Those taken by a thief become susceptible by intention, but those taken by a robber do not become susceptible by mere intention. Rabbi Shimon says: the rule is to be reversed; those taken by a robber become susceptible by mere intention, but those taken by a thief do not become susceptible by intention, since in the latter case the owner does not abandon hope for recovery.",
+ "If a hide had contracted midras uncleanness and its owner then intended it to be used for straps or sandals, it becomes clean as soon as he put the knife to it, the words of Rabbi Judah. But the sages say: it does not become clean until he has reduced its size to less than five handbreadths. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: even if one made a napkin from a hide it remains unclean, But if [he made one from] a covering it becomes clean."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Cloth is susceptible to five categories of uncleanness; Sack-cloth is susceptible to four; Leather to three; Wood to two; And an earthenware vessel to one. An earthenware vessel is susceptible to uncleanness [only] as a receptacle; any earthen vessel that has no inner part is not susceptible to uncleanness from its outer part. Wood is subject to an additional form of uncleanness in that it is also susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. Similarly a tablet which has no rim is susceptible to uncleanness if it is a wooden object and insusceptible if it is an earthenware one. Leather is susceptible to an additional form of uncleanness in that it is also susceptible to the uncleanness of a tent. Sack-cloth has an additional form of uncleanness in that it is susceptible to uncleanness as woven work. Cloth has an additional form of uncleanness in that it is susceptible to uncleanness when it is only three by three fingerbreadths.",
+ "Cloth is susceptible to midras uncleanness when it is three handbreadths by three handbreadths, and to corpse uncleanness when it is three fingerbreadths by three fingerbreadths. Sack-cloth when it is four handbreadths by four handbreadths. Leather, five handbreadths by five handbreadths. And matting, six handbreadths by six handbreadths. [All of these] are equally susceptible to both midras and corpse uncleanness. Rabbi Meir says: what remains of sack-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness if it is four handbreadths, but when in its first condition [it becomes susceptible only after its manufacture] is completed.",
+ "If one made up a piece of material from two handbreadths of cloth and one of sack-cloth, or of three of sack-cloth and one of leather or four of leather and one of matting, it is not susceptible to uncleanness. If the piece of material was made up of five handbreadths of matting and one of leather or four of leather and one of sack-cloth, or three of sack-cloth and one of cloth it is susceptible to uncleanness. This is the general rule: if the material added is subject to greater restrictions it is susceptible to uncleanness, but if the material added was subject to lesser restrictions it is not susceptible.",
+ "If one cut off from any of these a piece one by one handbreadth it is susceptible to uncleanness. [If one cut off a one by one handbreadth piece] from the bottom of a basket it is susceptible to uncleanness. If one cut off from the sides of the basket: Rabbi Shimon says that it is not susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages say one who cuts off a square handbreadth from anywhere, it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "Worn-out pieces of a sifter or a sieve that were adapted for use as a seat: Rabbi Akiva rules that they are susceptible to uncleanness, But the sages rule that they are not susceptible unless their rough ends were cut off. A child's stool that has legs, even though it is less than a handbreadth high, is susceptible to uncleanness. A child's shirt: Rabbi Eliezer rules it is susceptible to uncleanness at any size. But the sages rule: it is susceptible only if it is of the prescribed size, and it is measured when doubled over.",
+ "The following are measured when doubled: Felt socks, long stockings, pants, a cap and a money-belt. As regards a patch sewn on the hem, if it was simple it is measured simple, but if it was doubled it is measured when doubled.",
+ "If a piece of cloth was woven to the size of three by three handbreadths, and then it contracted midras uncleanness, and then he completed the rest of the piece, and then one removed a single thread from the original part, it is free from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. If he removed a thread from the original part and then he finished the whole cloth, it is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness.",
+ "Similarly, if a piece of cloth was woven to the size of three [fingerbreadths] square, and it contracted corpse uncleanness, and afterwards he finished the entire piece, and then he removed a single thread from its original part, it is free from corpse uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with corpse uncleanness. If a thread was removed from the original part and then all the cloth was finished it remains clean, for the sages have ruled: if a piece of three [fingerbreadths] square is lessened it becomes clean. But if one of three handbreadths square is lessened, even though it is released from midras, it is still susceptible to all other forms of uncleanness.",
+ "If a sheet that had contracted midras uncleanness was made into a curtain, it is pure from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: but what midras uncleanness has this touched! Only if a zav had touched it is it unclean from contact with a zav.",
+ "If a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square was divided, it is pure from midras uncleanness but is still unclean from contact with midras uncleanness. Rabbi Yose said: but what midras uncleanness has this touched! Only if a zav had touched it is it unclean from contact with a zav.",
+ "If a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square [was found] in a rubbish heap it must be both sound and capable of wrapping up salt; But [if it was found] in the house it need only be either sound or capable of wrapping up salt. How much salt must it be capable of wrapping up? A quarter of a kav. Rabbi Judah says: this refers to fine salt, But the sages stated: it refers to coarse salt. Both intended to be lenient. Rabbi Shimon says: the law concerning a piece of cloth three [handbreadths] square found in a rubbish heap is the same as that for a piece of cloth that was three [fingerbreadths] square in a house.",
+ "[A piece of cloth] three [handbreadths] square that was torn: if he put it on a chair, and his skin touches the chair, it is pure; And if not, it remains impure. [A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square one thread of which was worn away, or in which a knot was found, or in which two threads ran alongside each other, is pure. [A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square that was thrown on the rubbish heap becomes pure. If he brought it back, it it becomes susceptible to uncleanness. Throwing it away always renders it pure and taking it back renders it susceptible to uncleanness, except when it is of purple or fine crimson. Rabbi Eliezer says: a patch of new cloth is also subject to the same law. Rabbi Shimon says: all these materials become pure; they were mentioned only in connection with the return of lost property."
+ ],
+ [
+ "[A piece of cloth] three [fingerbreadths] square that was stuffed into a ball or was itself made into a ball is clean. But [a piece of cloth] three [handbreadths] square that was stuffed into a ball remains unclean. If he made it into a ball itself, it is clean because the sewing reduces its size.",
+ "[A piece of cloth] less than three [handbreadths] square that was adapted for the purpose of stopping up a hole in a bath house, of emptying a cooking-pot or of wiping with it the mill stones, whether it was or was not kept in readiness for any such use, is susceptible to uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: whether it was or was not kept in readiness it is pure. Rabbi Akiba ruled: if it was kept in readiness it is susceptible, and if it was not kept in readiness it is pure.",
+ "If a bandage is made of cloth or leather it is pure. (Rabbi Yose says: with leather it is pure.) A poultice is pure if it is on cloth, but if on leather it is susceptible. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even if it was on cloth it remains susceptible to uncleanness because it can be shaken off.",
+ "Covers of scrolls, whether they are decorated or not, are susceptible to uncleanness according to the view of Bet Shammai. Bet Hillel says: those that are decorated are pure, but those that are not decorated are susceptible. Rabban Gamaliel says: both the former and the latter are pure.",
+ "If a head-wrap that had contracted midras uncleanness was wrapped around a scroll, it is released from midras uncleanness but it remains susceptible to corpse uncleanness. A skin that was made into a rug or a rug that was made into a skin becomes clean. A skin that was made into a [shepherd's] wallet or a [shepherd's] wallet that was made into a skin; Or a cushion cover that was made into a sheet or a sheet that was made into a cushion cover; Or a sheet cover that was made into a plain sheet or a plain sheet that was made into a sheet cover, remains unclean. This is the general rule: any object that has been changed into one of the same class remains unclean, but if into one of another class it becomes clean.",
+ "If a patch was sewn on to a basket, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness. If it was separated from the basket, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness, but the patch becomes clean. If it was sewn on to cloth it conveys two grades of uncleanness and one of unfitness. If it was separated from the cloth, it conveys one grade of uncleanness and one of unfitness, while the patch conveys two grades of uncleanness and one of unfitness. The same law applies to a patch was sewn on to sacking or leather, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that it is clean. Rabbi Yose says: if [it was sewn] on leather it becomes clean; but if on sacking it remains unclean, since the latter is a woven material.",
+ "The three (fingerbreadths) square of which they have spoken do not include the hem, the words of Rabbi Shimon. But the sages say: exactly three [fingerbreadths] square. If a patch was sewn on to a cloth by one side only, it is not considered as connected. If it was sewn on by two opposite sides, it is considered connected. If it was sewn on the shape of a gamma: Rabbi Akiva says that the cloth is unclean, But the sages say that it is clean. Rabbi Judah stated: When does this apply? To a cloak, but in the case of an undershirt the patch is regarded as connected if it was sewn by its upper side, but if by its lower side it is not connected.",
+ "Poor men's clothes, though made up of pieces none of which is three [fingerbreadths] square are susceptible to midras uncleanness. If a cloak began to be torn, as soon as its greater part is torn [the pieces] are not regarded as connected. Exceptionally thick or thin materials are not governed by the prescribed minimum of three [fingerbreadths] square.",
+ "A porter's pad is susceptible to midras uncleanness. A wine filter is not susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. An old woman's hair-net is susceptible to uncleanness as a seat. A prostitute's shirt which is woven like a net is not susceptible to uncleanness. A garment made of fishing net is not susceptible to uncleanness, but one made of its bag is susceptible. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: if a garment is made out of a fishing net but is made double it is susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A hair-net that one began to make from its upper hem remains pure until its bottom section is finished. If one began from its bottom section, it remains pure until its hem is finished. Its head band is susceptible to uncleanness in itself. Its strings are susceptible to uncleanness because they are connected. A hair-net that is torn becomes pure if it cannot contain the greater part of the hair."
+ ],
+ [
+ "The fringe strings of a sheet, a scarf, a head-wrap and a felt cap [are regarded as connected] up to a length of six fingerbreadths; Those of an undergarment up to ten [fingerbreadths]. The fringes of a thick wool cloak, a veil, a shirt, or a light cloak [are regarded as connected] up to a length of three fingerbreadths. The fringes of an old woman's head-wrap, of Arabian face wraps, of Cilician goat's-hair clothing, of a money-belt, of a turban or of a curtain are regarded as connected whatever their length may be.",
+ "Three woolen pillow-covers, six linen ones, three sheets, twelve handkerchiefs, two pant-sleeves, one shirt, one cloak, or one winter-cloak, can be regarded as connected in respect of both uncleanness and sprinkling. If they exceed this number they are regarded as connected in respect of uncleanness but not in respect of sprinkling. Rabbi Yose says: not even in respect of uncleanness.",
+ "The string of a [common] plumb-line is regarded as connected up to a length of twelve [cubits]; That of the carpenters’ plumb-line, up to eighteen [cubits]; And that of the builders’ plumb-line up to fifty cubits. The parts that exceed these lengths, even if it was desired to retain them, are pure. The plumb-line of plasterers or moulders is regarded as connected whatsoever its length.",
+ "The cord of the balances of goldsmiths or the weighers of fine purple cloth is regarded as a connective up to a length of three fingerbreadths, The handle of an axe behind the grip, up to a length of three fingerbreadths. Rabbi Yose says: if the length behind the grip is no less than one handbreadth the entire handle is unsusceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "The cord of the balances of shopkeepers or householders is regarded as connected up to a length of one handbreadth. The shaft of an axe in front of the grip, up to one handbreadth. The projection of the shaft of a compass, up to one handbreadth. That of the shaft of the stone-masons’ chisel, one handbreadth.",
+ "The cord of the balances of wool dealers or of glass-weighers is regarded as connected up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of a millstone chisel, up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of the battle-axe of the legions, up to a length of two handbreadths. The shaft of the goldsmiths’ hammer, up to a length of two handbreadths. And that of the blacksmiths' hammer, up to three handbreadths.",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its upper end is regarded as connected up to a length of four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a spade, to a length of four [handbreadths]. The shaft of a weeding-spade, to five handbreadths. The shaft of a small hammer, to five handbreadths. That of a common hammer, to six handbreadths. The shaft of an axe used for splitting wood or of one used for digging, to six [handbreadths]. The shaft of the stone-trimmers’ axe, up to six handbreadths.",
+ "The remnant of the shaft of an ox-goad at its lower end is regarded as connected up to a length of seven handbreadths. The shaft of a householders' shovel Bet Shammai says: to a length of seven handbreadths, And Bet Hillel says: eight handbreadths. That of the plasterers: Bet Shammai says: nine handbreadths And Bet Hillel says: ten handbreadths. Any parts exceeding these lengths, if he wanted to retain it, is also susceptible to uncleanness. The shafts of fire instruments are susceptible to uncleanness whatsoever their length."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Glass vessels--those that are flat are pure and those that have receptacles are susceptible. After they are broken they become clean. If he again made vessels of them they become susceptible to uncleanness from that point and onward. A glass tray or a flat dish is pure. If it has a rim it is susceptible. The concave bottom of a glass bowl or plate which was adapted for use is pure. If it was polished or scraped with a file it becomes susceptible to uncleanness.",
+ "A mirror is pure. A tray that was made into a mirror remains susceptible, but if it was originally made to serve as a mirror it is pure. A large [glass] spoon that has been placed on a table is susceptible to uncleanness if it can hold anything whatsoever. But if it cannot do so: Rabbi Akiva says that it is susceptible, And Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says that it is pure.",
+ "A cup the greater part of which is broken off is pure. If it was broken in three places extending over its greater part it is pure. Rabbi Shimon says: if it lets the greater part of the water leak out it is pure. If a hole appeared in it and it was mended with tin or pitch it is pure. Rabbi Yose says: if with tin it is susceptible to uncleanness, but if with pitch it is pure.",
+ "A small flask whose neck was removed remains susceptible to uncleanness, But a large one whose neck was removed becomes pure. [A small flask] of spikenard oil whose neck was removed becomes pure, since it scratches the hand. Large flagons whose necks were removed remain susceptible to uncleanness, since they are adapted for the use of holding pickled foods. A glass funnel is clean. Rabbi Yose said: Happy are you Kelim; for you began with uncleanness, but you ended with cleanness."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e98ad7f858681e63734ed30425c22b6fe972a0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nאֲבוֹת הַטְּמָאוֹת: \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ, \nוְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, \nוּטְמֵא מֵת, \nוּמְצֹרָע בִּימֵי סְפָרוֹ, \nוּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַמִּין אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּמַגָּע, \nוּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ בְּאָוֵיר, \nוְאֵינָן מְטַמִּין בְּמַשָּׂא. \n",
+ "ב\nלְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן: \nנְבֵלָה, \nוּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, \nשֶׁהֵן מְטַמִּין אֶת הָאָדָם בְּמַשָּׂא, \nלְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים וַחֲסוּכֵי בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע. \n",
+ "ג\nלְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן: \nבּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. \nלְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן: \nזוֹבוֹ שֶׁלַּזָּב, וְרוֹקוֹ, וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ, וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, \nוְדַם הַנִּדָּה, \nשֶׁהֵן מְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. \nלְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן: \nמִרְכָּב, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא. \nלְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּרְכָּב: \nמִשְׁכָּב, \nשֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ. \nלְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב: \nהַזָּב, \nשֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב, \nוְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב. \n",
+ "ד\nלְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּב: \nזָבָה, \nשֶׁהִיא מְטַמָּא אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ. \nלְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּבָה: \nמְצֹרָע, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בַבִּיאָה. \nלְמַעְלָה מִן הַמְּצֹרָע: \nעֶצֶם כִּשְׂעוֹרָה, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. \nחָמוּר מִכֻּלָּם: \nהַמֵּת, \nשֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְאָהֵל, \nמַה שֶּׁאֵין כֻּלָּם מְטַמִּין. <מִיטַּמִּין>\n",
+ "ה\nעֶשֶׂר טְמָאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם: \nמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ, \nוּמֻתָּר בִּתְרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nחָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְבוּל יוֹם, \nאָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה, \nוּמֻתָּר בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. \nחָזַר לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי, \nאָסוּר בִּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן. \n\nו\nחָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, \nמְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. \nחָזַר לִהְיוֹת זָב שֶׁרָאָה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת, \nמְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, \nוְצָרִיךְ בִּיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים, \nוּפָטוּר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן; \nרָאָה שָׁלוֹשׁ, חַיָּב בַּקָּרְבָּן. \n\nז\nחָזַר לִהְיוֹת מְצֹרָע מֻסְגָּר, \nמְטַמֵּא בַבִּיאָה, \nוּפָטוּר מִן הַפְּרִיעָה, \nוּמִן הַפְּרִימָה, \nוּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת, \nוּמִן הַצִּפֳּרִין. \nוְאִם הָיָה מֻחְלָט, \nחַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. \n\nח\nפָּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֵבֶר שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, \nוְאֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא בְאָהֵל. \nאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאָהֵל. \n\nט\nשֵׁעוּר הַבָּשָׂר, \nכְּדֵי לַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֵשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיפוֹ בְחוּט עֵרֶב, \nיֵשׁ בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה. \n",
+ "י\nעֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת הֵן: \nאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת. \nמַה הִיא קְדֻשָּׁתָהּ? \nשֶׁמְּבִיאִין מִמֶּנָּה הָעֹמֶר, וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, \nמַה שֶּׁאֵין מְבִיאִין כֵּן מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת. \n",
+ "עֲיָרוֹת מֻקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁוֹת מִמֶּנָּה, \nשֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחִין מִתּוֹכָן מְצֹרָעִין, \nוּמְסַבְּבִין לְתוֹכָן מֵת עַד שֶׁיִּרְצוּ; \nיָצָא, אֵין מַחְזִירִין אוֹתוֹ. \n",
+ "יא\nלִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶן, \nשֶׁאוֹכְלִים שָׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. \nהַר הַבַּיִת מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין זָבִים וְזָבוֹת, נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת נִכְנָסִים לַשָּׁם. \nהַחֵיל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין גּוֹיִם וּטְמֵא מֵת נִכְנָסִין לַשָּׁם. \n\nיב\nעֲזָרַת הַנָּשִׁים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין טְבוּל יוֹם נִכְנָס לַשָּׁם, \nוְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. \nעֲזָרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, \nשֶׁאֵין מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִין נִכְנָס לַשָּׁם, \nוְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. \nעֲזָרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, \nשֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִכְנָסִין לַשָּׁם אֶלָּא בְשָׁעַת צָרְכֵיהֶן: \nלִסְמִיכָה, לִשְׁחִיטָה, לִתְנוּפָה. \n",
+ "יג\nבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, \nשֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ נִכְנָסִין לַשָּׁם. \nהַהֵיכָל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לַשָּׁם אֶלָּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם. \n\nיד\nבֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶן, \nשֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לַשָּׁם \nאֶלָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בְּשָׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nחֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ שָׁוֶה לַהֵיכָל: \nשֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ וּשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן, \nוְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם נִכְנָסִין לַשָּׁם. \nוּפוֹרְשִׁין בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ בְּשָׁעַת הַקְטָרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכְּלֵי עֵץ, כְּלֵי עוֹר, כְּלֵי עֶצֶם, כְּלֵי זְכוֹכִית, \nפְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, \nוּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. \nנִשְׁבָּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. \nחָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, \nמְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּן וְלַבָּא. \nכְּלֵי חֶרֶשׂ וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר טֻמְאָתָן שָׁוָה, \nמִטַּמִּין וּמְטַמִּין בְּאָוֵיר, \nוּמִטַּמִּין מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶן, \nוְאֵינָן מִטַּמִּין מִגַּבֵּיהֶן, \nוּשְׁבִירָתָן הִיא טַהֲרָתָן. \n",
+ "[ב]\nהַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ, \nוְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וּדְפָנוֹתֵיהֶן, \nיוֹשְׁבִין עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶן,\nיוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין: \nשֵׁעוּרָן, מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן, וְעַד לֹג. \nמִלֹּג וְעַד סְאָה, בָּרְבִיעִית. \nמִסְּאָה וְעַד סָאתַיִם, כַּחֲצִי לֹג. \nמִסָּאתַיִם וְעַד שָׁלוֹשׁ, וְעַד חָמֵשׁ סְאִים, בַּלֹּג. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֲנִי אֵינִי נוֹתֵן בָּהֶן מִדָּה, \nאֶלָּא הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ, \nוְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וּדְפָנוֹתֵיהֶן, \nשֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, \nשֵׁעוּרָן מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן, \nוְעַד קְדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת. \nמִקְּדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת וְעַד חֲבִיּוֹת לוּדִיּוֹת, \nבָּרְבִיעִית. \nמִלּוּדִיּוֹת וְעַד לַחְמִיּוֹת, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. \nמִלַּחְמִיּוֹת וְעַד חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, בַּלֹּג.\nרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי אוֹמֵר: \nחֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, \nשֵׁעוּרָן כִּשְׁנֵי לָגִּין; \nהַפַּכִּין הַגְּלִילִים וְהַחֲבִיּוֹנוֹת, \nשֵׁעוּר קַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, \nוְאֵין לָהֶן דְּפָנוֹת. \n",
+ "ג\nהַטְּהוֹרִים שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ: \nוְטַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, \nוּמַחְתָּה פְרוּצָה, \nוְאַבּוּב שֶׁלַּקַּלָּאִים, \nוְסִלּוֹנוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי כְפוּפִין, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין; \nוְכַבְכָּב שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לְסַל הַפַּת, \nוְטָפֵי שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָעֲנָבִים, \nוְחָבִית שֶׁלַּשַּׁיָּטִין, \nוְחָבִית דְּפוּנָה בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, \nוְהַמִּטָּה, \nוְהַכִּסֵּא, \nוְהַסַּפְסֵל, \nוְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, \nוְהַסְּפִינָה, \nוְהַמְּנוֹרָה שֶׁלַּחֶרֶשׂ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ, \nאֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם. \n",
+ "ד\nפַּנֵס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טָמֵא, \nוְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ, טָהוֹר. \nמְגוּפַת הַיּוֹצְרִים שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה, \nוְשֶׁהוּא גּוֹמֵר בָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. \nמַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר, \nוְשֶׁלָּרוֹכְלִין, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלַמִּדָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתִירָה. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ, \nוּמֵרֵיחַ בּוֹ לַלּוֹקֵחַ. \n",
+ "ה\nכְּסוּיֵי כַדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, \nוּכְסוּיֵי חֲבִית נְיָרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. \nאִם הִתְקִינָן לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְמֵאִין. \nכְּסוּי הַלַּפָּס: \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נָקוּב, וְיֵשׁ לוֹ חַדּוּד, טָהוֹר; \nאִם אֵינוּ נָקוּב וְאֵין לוֹ חַדּוּד, טָמֵא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְסַנֶּנֶת לְתוֹכוֹ אֶת הַיָּרָק. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בִּרְבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא הוֹפֶכֶת עָלָיו אֶת הָרוֹנְקֵי. \n",
+ "ו\nגִּצְטְרָה שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּכִּבְשָׁן, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה; \nמִשֶּׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. \nטִטְרוֹס, \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בִּרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַהֵר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַמֵּא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מוֹצִיא פְּרוּטוֹת. \n",
+ "ז\nהַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ: \nוְטַבְלָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶן לִזְבֵּז, \nוּמַחְתָּה שְׁלֵמָה, \nוְטַבְלָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה קְעָרוֹת. \nנִטַּמָּאת אַחַת מֵהֶן בַּשֶּׁרֶץ, לֹא נִטַּמּוּ כֻלָּם. \nאִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, \nנִטַּמָּאת אַחַת מֵהֶן, נִטַּמּוּ כֻלָּם. \n\nח\nוְכֵן בֵּית תַּבְלִין שֶׁלַּחֶרֶשׂ, \nוְקָלָמָרִין הַמַּתְאֶמֶת. \nבֵּית תַּבְלִין שֶׁלָּעֵץ שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא אֶחָד בְּמַשְׁקֶה, <אַחַת>\nלֹא נִטַּמָּא חֲבֵרוֹ. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nחוֹלְקִין אֶת עָבְיוֹ, \nהַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא, \nוְהַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. \nאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, \nנִטַּמָּא אֶחָד מֵהֶן, נִטַּמָּא חֲבֵרוֹ. \n",
+ "ט\nהַלַּפִּיד, טָמֵא. \nוּבֵית שֶׁקָעוֹ שֶׁלַּנֵּר, \nמְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \nהַמַּסְרֵק שֶׁלַּצַּרְצוּר, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nשֵׁעוּר כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ לִטַּהֵר: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִים, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ בַזֵּיתִים. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לַמַּשְׁקִין, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ בַמַּשְׁקִין. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, \nמְטִילִין אוֹתוֹ לְחָמְרוֹ בַזֵּיתִין. \n",
+ "ב\nחָבִית, \nשֵׁעוּרָהּ בִּגְרוֹגְרוֹת. <כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת> \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבָּאֱגוֹזִים. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nבַּזֵּיתִין. \nהַלַּפָּס וְהַקְּדֵרָה, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בַּזֵּיתִים. \nהַפַּךְ וְהַטָּפִי, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בַּשֶּׁמֶן. \nהַצַּרְצוּר, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ בַמַּיִם. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁלָשְׁתָּן בַּזֵּרְעוֹנִים. \n\nג\nנֵר, שֵׁעוּרוֹ בַשֶּׁמֶן. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nבִּפְרוּטָה קְטַנָּה. \nנֵר שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיו, \nטָהוֹר, \nוְשֶׁלָּאֲדָמָה שֶׁהֻסַּק פִּיו בַּפְּתִילָה, \nטָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ד\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּקָּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בַּזֶּפֶת, וְנִשְׁבָּרָה, \nאִם יֵשׁ בִּמְקוֹם הַזֶּפֶת מַחְזִיק רְבִיעִית, \nטְמֵאָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כֶּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. \nחֶרֶשׂ שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בַזֶּפֶת, \nאַף עַל פִּי מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, \nטָהוֹר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כֶּלִי מֵעָלָיו. \n",
+ "ה\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעָעָה וּטְפָלָהּ בַּגְּלָלִים, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת הַגְּלָלִים וַחֲרָשִׂים נוֹפְלִים, \nטְמֵאָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כֶּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. \nנִשְׁבָּרָה וְדִבֵּק מִמֶּנָּה חֲרָשִׂין, \nאוֹ שֶׁהֵבִיא חֲרָשִׂין מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וּטְפָלָן בַּגְּלָלִים, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת הַגְּלָלִים וַחֲרָשִׂים עוֹמְדִים, \nטְהוֹרָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כֶּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. \nהָיָה בָהּ חֶרֶשׂ מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, \nכֻּלָּהּ מְטַמָּא בְמַגָּע, \nוּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \n",
+ "ו\nהַטּוֹפֵל כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ הַבָּרִיא, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמִּין. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהַטּוֹפֵל אֶת הַבָּרִיא, \nטָהוֹר, \nוְאֶת הָרָעוּעַ, <הָרֹאוע>\nטָמֵא. \nוְכֵן בְּחִדּוּק קְרוּיָה. \n",
+ "ז\nיַבָּלִית שֶׁטּוֹפְלִים בָּהּ אֶת הַפִּדְסִים, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָמֵא. \nמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית אֵינָה חִבּוּר. \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בִּטְפֵלוֹ שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ח\nמֵחַם שֶׁטְּפָלוֹ בַחֵמָר וּבַחַרְשִׂית, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֵמָר, טָמֵא, \nוּבַחַרְשִׂית, טָהוֹר. \nקֻמְקוּם שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בַזֶּפֶת, \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַהֵר, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אֶת הַחַמִּים כַּצּוֹנִין. \nוְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּכְלֵי זֶפֶת, \nכְּלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁזְּפָתָם, טְהוֹרִין. \nוְאִם לַיַּיִן, טְמֵאִין. \n",
+ "ט\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּקָּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בַזֶּפֶת יָתֵר מִצָּרְכָהּ, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכָהּ, טָמֵא, \nיָתֵר מִצָּרְכָהּ, טָהוֹר. \nזֶפֶת שֶׁנָּטְפָה עַל הֶחָבִית, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָהוֹר. \nמַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁלָּעֵץ וְשֶׁלַּחֶרֶשׂ שֶׁפְּקָקָן בַּזֶּפֶת, \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַמֵּא. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא בְשֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nוּמְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁלַּחֶרֶשׂ. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶן. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַחֶרֶשׁ שֶׁאֵינוּ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָזְנוֹ, \nאוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בוֹ חַדּוּד וְהַחַדּוּד מַכְרִיעוֹ, \nנִטְּלָה הָאֹזֶן, נִשְׁבַּר הַחַדּוּד, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַמֵּא. \nחָבִית שֶׁנִּפְחָתָה, \nוְהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת עַל דְּפָנוֹתֶיהָ, \nאוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה כְמִין שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \n",
+ "ב\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעָעָה, \nוְאֵינָה יְכוּלָה לְהִטַּלְטֵל בַּחֲצִי קַב גְּרוֹגְרוֹת, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nגַּצְטְרָה שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעָעָה וְאֵינָה מְקַבֶּלֶת מַשְׁקִין, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבֶּלֶת אֳכָלִים, \nטְהוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵין שִׁירִים לַשִּׁירִים. \n",
+ "ג\nוְאֵיזוֹ הִיא גַצְרָה? \nכָּל שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ אָזְנֶיהָ. \nהָיוּ בָהּ חַדּוּדִים יוֹצְאִין, \nכָּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בַּזֵּיתִין, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע, <מִטַּמֵּא>\nוּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר; \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵינוּ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בַּזֵּיתִין, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע, \nוְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \nהָיְתָה מֻטָּה עַל צִדָּהּ כְּמִין קָתֶדְרָה, \nכָּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בַּזֵּיתִים, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע, \nוּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר; \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵינוּ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בַּזֵּיתִים, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע, \nוְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \nשׁוּלֵי הַקָּרְפָּיוֹת, שׁוּלֵי הַקּוֹסִין הַצִּידוֹנִיִּין, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוּלִין לֵישֵׁב שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, \nטְמֵאִין, שֶׁלְּכֵן נֶעֱשׂוּ מִתְּחִלָּתָן. \n",
+ "ד\nכְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שָׁלוֹשׁ סְפָיוֹת, \nהַפְּנִימִית עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר; \nהַחִיצוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא; \nהָאֶמְצָעִית עוֹדֶפֶת, \nמִמֶּנָּה וְלִפְנִים טָמֵא, מִמֶּנָּה וְלַחוּץ טָהוֹר. \nהָיוּ שָׁווֹת, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nחוֹלְקִין אֶת הָאֶמְצָעִית. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. \nכְּלֵי חֶרֶס, מֵאֶמָּתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה? \nמִשֶּׁיִּצְטָרְפוּ בַכִּבְשָׁן, \nוְהִיא גְּמַר מְלַאכְתָּן. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nתַּנּוּר, \nתְּחִלָּתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה, וְשִׁירָיו אַרְבָּעָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבַּגָּדוֹל, אֲבָל בַּקָּטָן, \nתְּחִלָּתוֹ כָל שֶׁהוּא, וְשִׁירָיו וְרֻבּוֹ, \nמִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. \nאֵי זוֹ הִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתּוֹ? \nמִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לְאוֹפוֹת בּוֹ סִפְגָּנִים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיַּסִּיק אֶת הֶחָדָשׁ כְּדֵי לְאוֹפוֹת בַּיָּשָׁן סִפְגָּנִים. \n",
+ "ב\nכִּירָה, \nתְּחִלָּתָהּ שָׁלוֹשׁ, וְשִׁירֶיהָ שָׁלוֹשׁ, \nמִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּהּ. \nאֵי זוֹ הִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּהּ? \nמִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה \nכְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ בֵיצָה קַלָּה שֶׁבַּבֵּיצִים, \nטְרוּפָה וּנְתוּנָה בַלַּפָּס. \nכֻּפָּח: \nוַעֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שֵׁעוּרוֹ כַתַּנּוּר; <וַעֲשָׂאָהּ>\nעֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שֵׁעוּרוֹ כַכִּירָה. <שֵׁעוּר>\nהָאֶבֶן הַיּוֹצָא מִן הַתַּנּוּר טֶפַח, <הַיּוֹצֵא>\nוּמִן הַכִּירָה שָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, חִבּוּר. \nהַיּוֹצָא מִן הַכֻּפָּח, <הַיּוֹצֵא>\nוַעֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שֵׁעוּרוֹ כַתַּנּוּר; \nעֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שֵׁעוּרוֹ כַכִּירָה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nלֹא אָמְרוּ 'טֶפַח' אֶלָּא מִן הַתַּנּוּר לַכֹּתֶל. \nהָיוּ שְׁנֵי תַנּוּרִים סְמוּכִים זֶה לָזֶה, \nנוֹתֵן לָזֶה טֶפַח וְלָזֶה טֶפַח, \nוְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ג\nעֲטֶרֶת כִּירָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nטִירַת הַתַּנּוּר, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, \nמְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר; \nפְּחוּתָה מִכֵּן, טְהוֹרָה. \nאִם חִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, \nאֲפִלּוּ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲבָנִים, טְמֵאָה. \nבֵּית הַפַּךְ, \nוּבֵית הַתַּבְלִים, \nוּבֵית הַנֵּר שֶׁבַּכִּירָה, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע, \nוְאֵינָן מְטַמִּין בְּאָוֵיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מְטַהֵר. \n",
+ "ד\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁהֻסַּק מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, \nאוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, \nאוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק מִבֵּית הָאֻמָּן, \nטָמֵא. \nמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנָּפְלָה דְלֵקָה \nבְתַנּוּרֵי כְפַר סִגְנָה, <סיגנייה>\nוּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לְיַבְנֶה, \nוְטִמָּן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. \n",
+ "ה\nמוּסַף הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nטָהוֹר, \nוְשֶׁלַּנַּחְתּוֹמִים, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו אֶת הַשְּׁפוּד. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדַּלָּר אוֹמֵר: \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אוֹפֶה בוֹ כְשֶׁהוּא נִדְחָק. \nכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, \nמוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁלְּשׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, טָמֵא. \nוְשֶׁלַּצַּבָּעִים, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ עָפָר עַד חֶצְיוֹ, \nמִן הֶעָפָר וּלְמַטָּן, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע, \nמִן הֶעָפָר וּלְמַעְלָן, מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \nנְתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר, אוֹ עַל פִּי הַחַדּוּת, \nוְנָתַן שָׁם אֶבֶן, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן, \nוְהוּא נִסּוֹק מִלְמַעְלָן, \nטָמֵא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהוֹאִיל וְהוּא נִסּוֹק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, \nטָמֵא. \n",
+ "ז\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא, \nכֵּיצַד מְטַהֲרִין אוֹתוֹ? \nחוֹלְקוֹ לִשְׁלוֹשָׁה, \nוְגוֹרֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לָגוֹר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה, \nוְלֹא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ, \nאֶלָּא מְמַעֲטוֹ מִבִּפְנִים אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nצָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיעוֹ. \n\nח\nחֲלָקוֹ לִשְׁנַיִם, \nאֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטֹן, \nהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וְהַקָּטֹן טָהוֹר. \nחֲלָקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, \nאֶחָד גָּדוֹל כִּשְׁנַיִם, \nהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, \nוּשְׁנַיִם קְטַנִּים טְהוֹרִים. \n",
+ "ט\nחִתְּכוֹ חֲלָיוֹת לְרָחְבּוֹ, \nפָּחוּת מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, \nטָהוֹר. \nמֵרְחוֹ בַטִּיט, \nמְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה \nמִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לְאוֹפוֹת בּוֹ סִפְגָּנִים. \nהִרְחִיק מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה, \nוְנָתַן חוֹל אוֹ צְרוֹר בִּנְתַּיִם, \nבַּזֶּה אָמָרוּ: \nהַנִּדָּה וְהַטְּהוֹרָה אוֹפוֹת בּוֹ, \nוְהוּא טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "י\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁבָּא מְחֻתָּךְ מִבֵּית הָאֻמָּן, \nעָשָׂה בוֹ לִמּוּדִין, נוֹתְנָן עָלָיו, \nוְהוּא טָהוֹר. \nנִטַּמָּא, \nסִלֵּק אֶת הַלִּמּוּדִין, טָהוֹר. \nהֶחֱזִירָן לוֹ, טָהוֹר. \nמֵרְחוֹ בַטִּיט, מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה. \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיקֶנּוּ, \nשֶׁכְּבָר הֻסַּק. \n",
+ "יא\nחִתְּכוֹ חֲלָיוֹת וְנָתַן חוֹל בֵּין חָלְיָא לְחָלְיָא, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \nזֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁלַּחֲכִינַי. \nיוֹרוֹת הָעַרְבִיִּים, \nשֶׁהוּא חוֹפֵר בָּאָרֶץ וְטָח בַּטִּיט, \nאִם יָכוֹל הַטִּיחַ לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, \nטָמֵא; \nוְאִם לָאו, טָהוֹר. \nוְזֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁלְּבֶן דִּינַאי. \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁלָּאֶבֶן וְשֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, טָהוֹר; \nוְטָמֵא מִשֵּׁם כְּלֵי מַתְּכוֹת. \nנִקַּב, \nנִפְגַּם, \nנִסְדַּק; \nעָשָׂה לוֹ טְפֵלָה, \nאוֹ מוּסָף שֶׁל טִיט, טָמֵא. \nכַּמָּה יְהֵא בַנֶּקֶב? \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ הָאוּר. \nוְכֵן בְּכִירָה, \n\nיג\nכִּירָה שֶׁלָּאֶבֶן וְשֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, טְהוֹרָה; \nוּטְמֵאָה מִשֵּׁם כְּלִי מַתְּכוֹת. \nנִקָּבָה, נִפְגָּמָה, נִסְדָּקָה, \nעָשָׂה לָהּ פַּטְפּוּטִים, טְמֵאָה. \nמְרָחָהּ בַּטִּיט מִבִּפְנִים וּמִבַּחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִבִּפְנִים, טְמֵאָה, \nוּמִבַּחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁלֹשָׁה פַטְפּוּטִים בָּאָרֶץ, \nוְחִבְּרָן בַּטִּיט, \nלִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, \nטְמֵאָה. \nקָבַע שְׁלֹשָׁה מַסְמְרִים בָּאָרֶץ, \nלִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בָרִאשׁוֹן מָקוֹם \nשֶׁתְּהֵא הַקְּדֵרָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת, טְהוֹרָה. \n\nב\nהָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים כִּירָה, \nוְחִבְּרָן בַּטִּיט, טְמֵאָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, \nעַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁלִישִׁי, \nאוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּסְמוֹךְ לַכֹּתֶל. \nאַחַת בַּטִּיט, \nוְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בַטִּיט, טְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ג\nהָאֶבֶן שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹפֵת עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַתַּנּוּר, \nעָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכִּירָה, \nעָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֻּפָּח, \nטְמֵאָה. \nעָלֶיהָ וְעַל הָאֶבֶן, \nעָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַסֶּלַע, \nעָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֹּתֶל, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nזוֹ הָיְתָה כִּירַת נְזִירִים שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nשֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַסֶּלַע. \nכִּירַת הַטַּבָּחִים, \nשֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן אֶבֶן בְּצַד אֶבֶן, \nנִטַּמָּאת אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nלֹא נִטַּמּוּ כֻלָּם. \n",
+ "ד\nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתֵּי כִירַיִם, \nנִטַּמָּאת אַחַת מִן הַחִיצוֹנוֹת; \nהָאֶמְצָעִית, \nהַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא; \nהַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. \nנִטְלָה טְהוֹרָה, הָחְלָטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לַטֻּמְאָה. \nנִטְלָה טְמֵאָה, הָחְלָטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לְטַהֲרָה. \nנִטַּמּוּ שְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת, \nאִם הָיְתָה הָאֶמְצָעִית גְּדוֹלָה, \nנוֹתֵן לָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּן, \nוְלָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּן, \nוְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר; \nאִם הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. \nנִטְּלָה הָאֶמְצָעִית, \nאִם יָכוֹל לִשְׁפּוֹת עָלֶיהָ יוֹרָה גְדוֹלָה, \nטְמֵאָה. \nהֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. \nמֵרְחָהּ בַּטִּיט, \nמְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה \nמִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה כְדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַבֵּיצָה. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן כִּירָה וְנִטַּמּוּ, \nסָמַךְ לָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּן, \nוְלָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּן, \nחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁלָּזוֹ טָמֵא וְחֶצְיָהּ טָהוֹר, \nוְחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁלָּזוֹ טָמֵא וְחֶצְיָהּ טָהוֹר. \nנִטְּלוּ טְהוֹרוֹת, חָזְרוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַקַּלָּתוֹת שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים \nשֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה פָחוּת מִשְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה, \nשֶׁהוּא מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן וּקְדֵרָה בְשֵׁלָה מִלְמַעְלָן; \nיָתֵר מִכֵּן, טְהוֹרָה. \nנָתַן אֶבֶן אוֹ צְרוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. \nמֵרְחָהּ בַּטִּיט, \nמְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּן וְלַבָּא. \nזוֹ הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבַת רְבִּי יְהוּדָה, \nבַּתַּנּוּר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַחַדּוּת. \n",
+ "ב\nדָּכוֹן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל קְדֵרוֹת, \nטָהוֹר מִשֵּׁם כִּירָה, \nוְטָמֵא מִשֵּׁם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. \nהַצְּדָדִין שֶׁלּוֹ, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן אֵינוּ טָמֵא מִשֵּׁם כִּירָה. \nהָרַחַב שֶׁלּוֹ, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. \nוְכֵן הַכּוֹפֶה אֶת הַסַּל וְעוֹשֶׂה עַל גַּבָּיו כִּירָה. \n",
+ "ג\nכִּירָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה; \nלְרָחְבָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. \nכֻּפָּח שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק, \nבֵּין לְאָרְכּוֹ בֵין לְרָחְבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. \nחֲצַר הַכִּירָה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, \nמְטַמָּא בְמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר. \nפְּחוּתָה מִכֵּן, \nמְטַמָּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵינָהּ מְטַמָּא בְאָוֵיר. \nכֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ? \nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nנוֹתֵן אֶת הַשְּׁפוּד מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן, \nוּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאָוֵיר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nנִטַּמָּאת הַכִּירָה, נִטַּמָּאת הֶחָצֵר; \nנִטַּמָּאת הֶחָצֵר, לֹא נִטַּמָּאת הַכִּירָה. \n",
+ "ד\nהָיְתָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת מִן הַכִּירָה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, \nמְטַמָּא בְמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר; \nפְּחוּתָה מִכֵּן, אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲלָקָה, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nפַּטְפּוּטֵי כִירָה, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁלְּשָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר. <מיטמין> \nפָּחוּת מִכֵּן, \nכָּל שֶׁכֵּן הֵן טְמֵאִין, \nאֲפִלּוּ הֵן אַרְבָּעָה. \n",
+ "ה\nנִטַּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מְטַמִּין בְּאָוֵיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. \n\nו\nעָשָׂה שְׁנַיִם זֶה כְנֶגֶד זֶה, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. \n\nז\nהָיוּ גְבוֹהִים שָׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, \nמִשָּׁלשׁ וּלְמַטָּן, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר; \nמִשָּׁלשׁ וּלְמַעְלָן, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע, וְאֵינָן מְטַמִּין בְּאָוֵיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. \n\nח\nהָיוּ מְשׁוּכִין מִן הַשָּׂפָה, \nבְּתוֹךְ שָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, \nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע וּבְאָוֵיר; \nחוּץ מִשָּׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, <שָׁלֹשׁ>\nמְטַמִּין בְּמַגָּע, וְאֵין מְטַמִּין בְּאָוֵיר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. \n",
+ "ט\nכֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָן? \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nנוֹתֵן כַּנָּה בֵינֵיהֶם, \nמִן הַכַּנָּה וְלַחוּץ, \nטָהוֹר; \nמִן הַכַּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, וּמְקוֹם הַכַּנָּה, \nטָמֵא. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁחֲצָצוֹ בִנְסָרִים אוֹ בִירִיעוֹת, \nוְנִמְצָא הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nהַכֹּל טָמֵא. \nכַּוֶּרֶת פְּחוּתָה וּפְקוּקָה בַקַּשׁ, \nוּמְשֻׁלְשֶׁלֶת לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, \nהַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא; \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, \nאֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִין. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. \nאָמַר רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: \nאִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, <הֶחָמַר>\nלֹא תַצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶשׂ הַקַּל? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, <הֶחָמָר>\n[שֶׁכֵּן חוֹלְקִים אהָלִים, \nתַּצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶס הַקַּל,] \nשֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִין כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ? \n",
+ "ב\nהָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, \nוְכֵן הַקֻּפָּה, וְכֵן הַחֵמֶת, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, \nהַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר. \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, \nאֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְהוֹרִין. \nנִקָּבוּ, \nהֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִין, שֵׁעוּרוֹ בַזֵּיתִין. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לַמַּשְׁקִין, שֵׁעוּרוֹ בַמַּשְׁקִין. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, \nמְטִילִין אוֹתוֹ לְחָמְרוֹ, \nבְּכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה. \n",
+ "ג\nסְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר, \nשׁוֹקַעַת בְּתוֹכוֹ וְאֵין לָהּ גַּפַּיִם, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִים, \nשֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֶלָּא כֵלִים. \nחָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, \nוּנְתוּנָה לְמַטָּן מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, \nחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. \nהָיְתָה כְפוּיָה וּפִיהָ לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, \nמַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי הֶחָבִית טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ד\nקְדֵרָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בַתַּנּוּר, \nוְהַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, \nשֶׁאֵין כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ מְטַמֵּא כֵּלִים. \nהָיָה בָהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, נִטַּמָּא, \nוְטִמְּאָהּ. \nהֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר: \nמְטַמֶּיךָ לֹא טִמּוּנִי, \nוְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתַנִי. \n",
+ "ה\nתַּרְנְגוֹל שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַשֶּׁרֶץ, \nוְנָפַל לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר. \nאִם מֵת, טָמֵא. \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בַתַּנּוּר, \nהַפַּת שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ שְׁנִיָּה, \nשֶׁהַתַּנּוּר תְּחִלָּה. \n",
+ "ו\nבֵּית שְׂאוֹר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל וְנָתוּן לְתוֹךְ הַתַּנּוּר, \nהַשְּׂאוֹר וְהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכוֹ וְהַקֶּרֶץ בִּנְתַּיִם, \nהַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא, וְהַשְּׂאוֹר טָהוֹר. \nאִם הָיָה כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, \nהַתַּנּוּר וְהַבַּיִת טָמֵא, \nוְהַשְּׂאוֹר טָהוֹר. \nאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, \nהַכֹּל טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ז\nהַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְעַיִן שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, \nבְּעַיִן שֶׁלַּכִּירָה, בְּעַיִן שֶׁלַּכֻּפָּח, \nמִן הַשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. \nוְאִם הָיָה בְאָוֵיר, \nאֲפִלּוּ כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, טָהוֹר. \nוְאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, \nהַכֹּל טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ח\nנִמְצָא לִמְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הָעֵצִים, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִן הַשָּׂפָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלִפְנִים, \nטָמֵא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nמִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלִפְנִים, \nטָמֵא; \nמִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלַחוּץ, \nטָהוֹר. \n\nט\nנִמְצָא מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַבַּלָּן, \nמְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַצַּבָּע, \nמְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת שֶׁלְּשׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, \nטָהוֹר; \nאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִן הַסְּתוּמָה וְלִפְנִים. \n",
+ "י\nבּוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, \nטָמֵא. \nוְשֶׁלְּעוֹשֵׂי זְכוֹכִית, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, \nטָמֵא. \nכִּבְשָׁן שֶׁלַּסַּיָּדִין, וְשֶׁלַּזַּגָּגִין, וְשֶׁלַּיּוֹצְרִין, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nפּוּרְנָה, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, \nטְמֵאָה; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֶשׁ לָהּ אַסְטְגָיוֹת; \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֶשׁ לָהּ סְפִיּוֹת. \n",
+ "יא\nמַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת, \nשֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, \nהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, \nטִמָּהוּ. \nוְטָהוֹר שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, \nהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר נִטְמָא, \nנִטַּמּוּ. \nהָיָה אוֹכֵל דְּבֵלָה בְיָדַיִן מְסֹאָבוֹת, \nהִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו לִטּוֹל אֶת הַצְּרוֹר, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָפַךְ, טָמֵא; \nאִם לֹא הָפַךְ, טָהוֹר. \nאִם הָיְתָה פוֹנְדְּיוֹן לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם לִצְמָאוֹ, טָמֵא. \n",
+ "יב\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּטַף חָלָב מִדַּדֶּיהָ, \nוְנָפַל לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, \nטָמֵא, \nשֶׁהַמַּשְׁקֶה מְטַמֵּא לְרָצוֹן וְשֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן. \nהָיְתָה גוֹרְפַתּוּ, וְהִכָּהּ הַקּוֹץ, \nוְיָצָא מִמֶּנָּה דָם, \nאוֹ שֶׁנִּכְוַת וְנָתְנָה אֶצְבָּעָהּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהָ, \nנִטַּמָּא. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nמַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בִנְחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, \nנִרְאִין אֲבָל לֹא יוֹצְאִין, \nאִם אוֹפֶה אֶת הַבָּצֵק וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶם, \nטָמֵא. \nבְּאֵיזֶה בָצֵק אָמָרוּ? \nבְּבָצֵק הַבֵּינוֹנִי. \nנִמְצְאוּ בִטְפֵלַת הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, \nבַּטָּמֵא, טְמֵאִין, וּבַטָּהוֹר, טְהוֹרִין. \nנִמְצְאוּ בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית, \nמִצִּדֶּיהָ, טְמֵאִין; \nמִכְּנֶגֶד פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרִין. \nנִרְאִין בְּתוֹכָהּ, אֲבָל לֹא לַאֲוִירָהּ, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nשׁוֹקְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ, וְתַחְתֵּיהֶן כִּקְלִפַּת הַשּׁוּם, \nטְהוֹרִין. \n",
+ "ב\nחָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, \nוּמֵנֶקֶת בְּתוֹכָהּ, <ומניקית>\nמֻקֶּפֶת צָמִיד פָּתִיל וּנְתוּנָה בְאָהֵל הַמֵּת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nהֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, \nוּמֵנֶקֶת טְמֵאָה. <ומניקית> \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף וּמֵנֶקֶת טְהוֹרָה. <מניקית> \nחָזְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \n",
+ "ג\nשֶׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, \nטָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: <שני> \nחַי נָפַל וְעַכְשָׁיו מֵת. \nמַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת, \nשֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּתַּנּוּר, \nטָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: <שני> \nשָׁם הָיוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא הַתַּנּוּר. \nנִמְצְאוּ בְאֵפֶר מַקְלָה, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בְמָה יִתְלֶה. \n",
+ "ד\nסְפוֹג שֶׁבָּלַע מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין וְנָגוּב מִבַּחוּץ, \nוְנָפַל לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. \nוְכֵן חֲתִכָּה שֶׁלַּלֶּפֶת וְשֶׁלַּגְּמִי. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ. \n",
+ "ה\nחֲרָשִׂין שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמַּשׁ בָּהֶן מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין \nוְנָפְלוּ לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר, וְהֻסַּק הַתַּנּוּר, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. \nוְכֵן בְּגֶפֶת חֲדָשָׁה, \nאֲבָל בִּישָׁנָה, טָהוֹר. \nאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיּוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה מַשְׁקִין, <שֶׁיּוֹצִא>\nאֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים, \nנִטְמָא. \n",
+ "ו\nהַגֶּפֶת וְהַזֻּגִּין שֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ בְטַהֲרָה, \nוְהִלְּכוּ עֲלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, \nטְהוֹרִין, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן נֶעֱשׂוּ בְטַהֲרָה. \nכּוּשׁ שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַצִּינֵירָה, \nמַלְמָד שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַדָּרְבָן, \nלְבֵנָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אֶת הַטַּבַּעַת, \nהָיוּ טְהוֹרִין, \nנִכְנְסוּ לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, \nנִטַּמּוּ. \nהִסִּיטָן הַזָּב, נִטַּמּוּ. <הַסִּיטוֹן ְהַזָּב> \nנָפְלוּ לַאֲוֵיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמּוּהוּ. \nוְנָגַע בָּהֶן כִּכָּר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ז\nסְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, \nנִסְדַּק בֵּין הַתַּנּוּר לִסְרֵידָה, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּא שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nנִכְנָס. \nנִסְדְּקָה סְרֵידָה, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ נִכְנָס. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. \nהָיָה עָגֹל, \nאֵין רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ אָרוּךְ, \nאֶלָּא שֵׁעוּר כִּמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּאַ נִכְנָס. \n",
+ "ח\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּקַּב מֵעֵינוֹ, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא כוּשׁ, \nנִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא, \nדּוֹלֵק. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. \nנִקַּב מִצִּדּוֹ, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא כוּשׁ, \nנִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא, \nשֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nדּוֹלֵק. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nמִן הָאֶמְצַע, נִכְנָס; \nמִן הַצַּד, אֵינוּ נִכְנָס. \n\nט <ד>\nוְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית שֶׁנִּקָּבָה, \nשֵׁעוּרָהּ מְלֹא מִצָּה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁלַּשִּׁיפוֹן, \nמִן הָאֶמְצַע, נִכְנָס; \nמִן הַצַּד, אֵינוּ נִכְנָס. \nוְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בַּחֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּקָּבוּ, \nשֵׁעוּרָן מְלֹא מִצָּה שֶׁלַּקָּנֶה, \nמִן הָאֶמְצַע, נִכְנָס; \nמִן הַצַּד, אֵינוּ נִכְנָס. \n\nי\nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ לַיַּיִן, \nאֲבָל אִם נֶעֱשׂוּ לִשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין, \nאֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאִים. \nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נֶעֱשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם, \n[אֲבָל אִם נֶעֱשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם,] \nאֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאִין. \nנִקָּבוּ, \nהֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִים, שֵׁעוּרוֹ בַּזֵּיתִין. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לַמַּשְׁקִין, שֵׁעוּרוֹ בְמַשְׁקִין. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, \nמְטִילִין אוֹתוֹ לְחָמְרוֹ בְצָמִיד פָּתִיל \nוּבְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nאֵלּוּ כֵלִים מַצִּילִים בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל: \nכְּלֵי גְלָלִים, \nכְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, \nכְּלֵי אֲדָמָה, \nכְּלֵי חֶרֶשׂ, \nכְּלֵי נֶתֶר, \nוְעַצְמוֹת חַיָּה שֶׁבַּיָּם וְעוֹרָהּ, \nוּכְלֵי הָעֵץ הַטְּהוֹרִין. \nמַצִּילִין בֵּין מִפִּיהֶם, בֵּין מִצְּדָדֵיהֶן, \nבֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶם, \nבֵּין מֻטִּין עַל צִדְדֵיהֶם. \nהָיוּ כְפוּיִים עַל פִּיהֶם, \nמַצִּילִים כָּל שֶׁתַּחְתֵּיהֶם עַד הַתְּהוֹם. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. \nעַל הַכֹּל מַצִּילִים, \nחוּץ מִכְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ מַצִּיל \nאֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין, \nוְעַל כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ. \n",
+ "ב\nבַּמָּה מַקִּיפִים? \nבַּסִּיד, \nוּבַגִּפְּסַס, \nבַּזֶּפֶת, \nוּבְשַׁעֲוָה, \nבַּטִּיט, \nוּבַצּוֹאָה, \nבַּחֵמָר, \nוּבַחַרְסִית, \nוּבְכָל דָּבָר הַמִּתְמָרֵחַ. \nאֵין מַקִּיפִין לֹא בַבַּעַץ, \nוְלֹא בָעוֹפֶרֶת, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פָתִיל וְאֵינוּ צָמִיד. \nאֵין מַקִּיפִין לֹא בִדְבֵלָה שְׁמֵנָה, \nוְלֹא בְּבָצֵק שֶׁנִּלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, \nשֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִידֵי פְסוּל. \nוְאִם הִקִּיף, הִצִּיל. \n",
+ "ג\nמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית הַמְחֻלְחֶלֶת וְאֵינָה נִשְׁמֶטֶת, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמַצֶּלֶת. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינָה מַצֶּלֶת. \nהָיָה בֵית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ שׁוֹקֵעַ בְּתוֹכָהּ, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הֶחָבִית טְמֵאָה; \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בֶּחָבִית, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִין. \n",
+ "ד\nהַכַּדּוּר וְהַפַּקַּעַת שֶׁלַּגְּמִי, \nשֶׁנְּתָנָן עַל פִּי הֶחָבִית: \nמֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, \nלֹא הִצִּיל, \nעַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן. \nוְכֵן בְּמַטְלֵית שֶׁלַּבֶּגֶד; \nהָיְתָה שֶׁלַּנְּיָר אוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹר, \nוּקְשָׁרָהּ בִּמְשִׁיחָה, \nמֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, \nהִצִּיל. \n",
+ "ה\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּתְקַלְּפָה, \nוְהַזֶּפֶת שֶׁלָּהּ עוֹמֶדֶת, \nוְכֵן קְבוּתִין שֶׁלְּמֻרְיָס שֶׁגְּפָסָן עִם הַשָּׂפָה, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינָן מַצִּילִין; \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמַצִּילִין. \n",
+ "ו\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּקָּבָה וּסְתָמוּהָ שְׁמָרִים, \nוְהִצִּילָהּ; \nפְּקָקָהּ בִּזְמוֹרָה, \nעַד שֶׁיִּמָּרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין. \n[הָיוּ שְׁתַּיִם, \nעַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין,] \nבֵּין זְמוֹרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ. \nנֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר, \nאִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, \nהִצִּיל. \nהָיוּ שְׁתַּיִם, \nעַד שֶׁיִּמָּרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, \nבֵּין נֶסֶר לַחֲבֵרוֹ. \nעֲשָׂאָן בְּסַנִּין, אוֹ בְשׁוֹגְמִין, \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְמָרַח מִן הָאֶמְצָעִי. \n",
+ "ז\nתַּנּוּר יָשָׁן בְּתוֹךְ הֶחָדָשׁ, \nוּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי יָשָׁן, \nנִטַּל הַיָּשָׁן, סְרֵידָה נוֹפֶלֶת, \nהַכֹּל טָמֵא. \nוְאִם לָאו, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. \nחָדָשׁ בְּתוֹךְ יָשָׁן, \nוּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי יָשָׁן, \nאִם אֵין חָדָשׁ לִסְרֵידָה פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, \nכָּל שֶׁבֶּחָדָשׁ טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ח\nלַפָּסִין זוֹ בְתוֹךְ זוֹ וְשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה אוֹ בַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, \nהִיא טְמֵאָה, וְכֻלָּם טְהוֹרוֹת. \nהָיוּ בְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה, \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, \nכֻּלָּם טְמֵאוֹת; \nבַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה, \nהִיא טְמֵאָה, וְכֻלָּם טְהוֹרוֹת. \nהַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, \nהִיא וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה; \nהָעֶלְיוֹנָה וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, \nכָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, \nטְמֵאָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכְּלֵי מַתְּכוֹת, \nפְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין. \nנִשְׁבָּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. \nחָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, \nחָזְרוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן הַיְשָׁנָה. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא לְכָל טֻמְאָה, \nאֶלָּא לְטֻמְאַת נֶפֶשׁ. \n",
+ "ב\nכָּל כְּלִי מַתֶּכֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, \nטָמֵא, \nחוּץ מִן הַדֶּלֶת, \nוְהַנֶּגֶר, \nוְהַמַּנְעוּל, \nוְהַפּוֹתָה שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּיר, \nוְהַצִּיר, \nוְהַקּוֹרָה, \nוְהַצִּנּוֹר, \nשֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ לַקַּרְקַע. \n",
+ "ג\nהָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הָעֶשֶׁת, \nוּמִן הַחֲרָרָה, \nוּמִן הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁלַּגַּלְגַּל, \nוּמִן הַטַּסִּין שֶׁלָּהּ, \nוּמִן הַצִּפּוֹיִין, \nמִכְנֵי כֵלִים, \nוּמֵהָגְנֵי כֵלִים, \nמֵאָזְנֵי כֵלִים, <מֹאזְנֵי>\nמִן הַשְּׁחֹלֶת, \nוּמִן הַגְּרֹדֶת, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מִן הַקְּצֹצֶת. \nמִשִּׁבְרֵי כֵלִים, <מִשְׁבְּרֵי>\nמִן הַגְּרוֹטֵי, \nוּמִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ מִכֵּלִים, \nטְמֵאִים. \nמִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַמִּין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "ד\nבַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, \nאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא, \nאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר, \nמַחְצָה לְמַחְצָה, טָמֵא. \nוְכֵן מִן הַחַלָּמָה וּמִן הַגְּלָלִין. \nקְלוֹסְטְרָה, טְמֵאָה, \nוּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. \nהַפִּין, \nוְהַפּוּרְנָה, טְמֵאִין. \nקְלוֹסְטְרָה, \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nשׁוֹמְטָהּ מִפֶּתַח זֶה וְתוֹלֶה בַחֲבֵרוֹ בַשַּׁבָּת. \nרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nהֲרֵי הִיא לוֹ כְכָל הַכֵּלִים, \nוּמִטַּלְטֶלֶת בֶּחָצֵר. \n",
+ "ה\nעַקְרָב שֶׁלִּפְרָמְבְּיָה, טְמֵאָה, \nוּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִין. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא בִלְחָיַיִם. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא עַקְרָב; \nבְּשָׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ו\nפִּיקָה שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nוּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. \nהַכּוּשׁ וְהָעִימָה וְהַמַּקֵּל \nוְסוּמְפּוֹנְיָה וְחָלִיל שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטְמֵאִין, \nוּמְצֻפִּין, טְהוֹרִים. \nסִימְפּוֹנְיָה, \nאִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל כְּנָפַיִם, \nבֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ז\nקֶרֶן עֲגֻלָּה, טְמֵאָה, \nוּפְשׁוּטָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nאִם הָיְתָה מְצוּפִית שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטְמֵאָה. \nהַקַּב שֶׁלָּהּ, \nרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nוּבְשָׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. \nכַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ: \nקְנֵי מְנוֹרָה, טְהוֹרִין. \nהַפֶּרַח וְהַבָּסִין, טְמֵאִים. \nוּבְשָׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ח\nקַסִּידָא, טְמֵאָה, \nוּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִין. \nאִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַיִם, \nטְמֵאִים. \nכָּל כְּלֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה טְמֵאִים: \nהַכִּידוֹן, וְהַנִּקּוֹן, וְהַמַּגְּפַיִם, וְהַשִּׁרְיָן, \nטְמֵאִין. \nכָּל תַּכְשִׁיטֵי הָאִשָּׁה טְמֵאִין: \nעִיר שֶׁלַּזָּהָב, וּקְטַלָּיוֹת, \nנְזָמִים, וְטַבָּעוֹת, \nוְטַבַּעַת בֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ עָלֶיהָ חוֹתָם \nוּבֵין שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ חוֹתָם; \nוְנִזְמֵי הָאַף. \n\nט\nקְטַלָּה שֶׁחֲלָיוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת \nבְּחוּט שֶׁלַּפִּשְׁתָּן אוֹ שֶׁלַּצֶּמֶר, \nנִפְסַק הַחוּט, הַחֲלָיוֹת טְמֵאוֹת, \nשֶׁכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כְּלִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. \nחוּט שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nוַחֲלָיוֹת שֶׁלָּאֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וְשֶׁלְּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, \nוְשֶׁלִּזְכוֹכִית, \nנִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ חֲלָיוֹת, וְהַחוּט בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ קַיָּם, \nטָמֵא. \nשִׁירֵי קְטַלָּה, כִּמְלֹא צַוַּאר קְטַנָּה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ טַבַּעַת אַחַת, \nטְמֵאָה, שֶׁכֵּן תְּלוּיִין בַּצַּוָּאר. \n",
+ "י\nנֶזֶם שֶׁהוּא עָשׁוּי כִּקְדֵרָה מִלְּמַטָּן, \nוְכַעֲדָשָׁה מִלְמַעְלָן, וְנִפְרַק, \nכִּקְדֵרָה, \nטָמֵא מִשֵּׁם כְּלִי קִבּוּל; \nוְכַעֲדָשָׁה, \nטָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. \nחוּט צִנֵּירָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nהֶעָשׂוּי כְּמִין אֶשְׁכּוֹל, וְנִפְרַק, \nטָהוֹר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nטַבַּעַת אָדָם, טְמֵאָה. \nטַבַּעַת הַבְּהֵמָה וְהַכֵּלִים, \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטַּבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת. \nקוֹרַת הַחִצִּים, טְמֵאָה; \nוְשֶׁלָּאֲסִירִים, טְהוֹרָה. \nהַקּוֹלָר, טָמֵא. <הַקּוֹלַּר> \nשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית נְעִילָה, טְמֵאָה. \nהָעֲשׁוּיָה לִכְפִיתָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁלַּסִּיטוֹנוֹת, טְמֵאָה; \nשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרָה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nאֶמָּתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַפְתֵּחַ אֶחָד, \nאֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, \nאוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר חַלָּזוֹן בְּרֹאשָׁהּ, טְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ב\nקְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁלַּסָּרוֹקוֹת, טָמֵא, \nמִפְּנֵי אָנְקְיָיוֹת; \nוְשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ אָנְקְיָיוֹת, טָמֵא. \nאָנְקְלֵי שֶׁלַּכַּתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה, \nשֶׁלָּרוֹכְלִים, טְמֵאָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשֶׁלָּרוֹכְלִים, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו טְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו טְהוֹרָה. \n\nג\nאָנְקְלֵי שֶׁלַּדַּרְגֵּשׁ, טְמֵאָה; \nוְשֶׁלְּנִקְלִיטִים, טְהוֹרָה; \nשֶׁלַּשִּׁדָּה, טְמֵאָה; \nוְשֶׁלָּאָקוֹן, טְהוֹרָה; \nשֶׁלַּשֻּׁלְחָן, טְמֵאָה; \nוְשֶׁלִּמְנוֹרַת הָעֵץ, טְהוֹרָה. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nהַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא, \nהַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. \nוְכֻלָּם אַחַת וְאַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְהוֹרוֹת. \n",
+ "ד <ט>\nכְּסוּי טְנִי שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nוְשֶׁלָּרוֹפְאִין, טָמֵא. \nהַדֶּלֶת שֶׁבַּמִּגְדָּל שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרָה; \nוְשֶׁלָּרוֹכְלִין, טְמֵאָה. \nהַיַּתֶּכִּים, טְמֵאִין. \nוְהַפֵּרַכִּין, טְהוֹרִין. \nעַקְרַב בֵּית הַבַּד, טְמֵאָה. \nאָנְקְלֵי שֶׁבִּכְתָלִים, טְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ה\nמַסְמֵר הַגָּרָע, טָמֵא. \nשֶׁלְּאֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. \nמַסְמֵר הַגִּרְדִּי, טָמֵא. \nוְאָרוֹן שֶׁלַּגָּרוֹסוֹת, \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nהָיְתָה עֲגָלָה שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ו\nמַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ וְנוֹעֵל בּוֹ, טָמֵא. \nהֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁמִירָה, טָהוֹר. \nמַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ אֶת הֶחָבִית, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, \nעַד שֶׁיִּצְרְפֶנּוּ. \nמַסְמֵר שֶׁלַּשֻּׁלְחָנִי, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. \n\nז\nשְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \nמַסְמֵר שֶׁלַּשֻּׁלְחָנִי, \nוְאָרוֹן שֶׁלַּגָּרוֹסוֹת, \nוּמַסְמֵר שֶׁלְּאֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, \nרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "ח\nאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \nכְּסוּי טְנִי שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nוּתְלוּי הַמַּגְרְדוֹת, \nוְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתְּכוֹת, \nוְטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם. \nוּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל \nבְּטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, \nאֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, \nהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ט\nדִּינָר שֶׁנִּפְסַל, \nוְהִתְקִינוֹ לִתְלוֹתוֹ בְצַוַּאר קְטַנָּה, \nטָמֵא. \nסֶלַע שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה, \nוְהִתְקִינָהּ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹקֵל בָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה. \nעַד כַּמָּה תִפָּסֵל וִיהֵא רַשַּׁי לְקַיְּמָהּ? \nעַד שְׁנֵי דִינָרִים. \nפָּחוּת מִכֵּן, יָקֹץ. \n",
+ "י\nהָאוֹלָר וְהַקּוֹלְמוֹס, <הָאֵוֹלָר>\nוְהַמְּטֻלְטֶלֶת, וְהַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, \nוְהַכּידִים וְהַכַּן וְהַכַּנָּה, \nטְמֵאִין. \nוְכָל גָּלְמֵי כְלֵי עֵץ, \nטְמֵאִים, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלַּפִרְשָׁע. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nגְּרוֹפִית שֶׁלַּזַּיִת, \nטְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׁלֵק. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַסַּיִף, וְהַסְּכִין, וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, וְהָרֹמַח, \nמַגַּל יָד, מַגַּל קָצִיר, וְהַשְּׁחִיר, \nזוֹג שֶׁלַּסַּפָּרִין, שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nרְבִּי אוֹמֵר: \nסָמוּךְ לַיָּד, טָמֵא, \nסָמוּךְ לָרֹאשׁ, טָהוֹר. \nמַסְפֶּרֶת שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "ב\nקֳלִגְרָפוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שִׁנָּהּ; \nנִטְּלָה שִׁנָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. \nמַכְחָל שֶׁנִּטְּלָה הַכַּף, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי הַזָּכָר; \nנִטַּל הַזָּכָר, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי הַכַּף. \nמִכְתָּב שֶׁנִּטַּל הַכּוֹתֵב, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי הַמּוֹחֵק. \nנִטַּל הַמּוֹחֵק, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי הַכּוֹתֵב. \nזוֹמָאנִצְטְרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי הַמַּזְלֵג. \nנִטְּלָה הַמַּזְלֵג, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. \nוְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁלַּמַּעְדֵּר. \nשֵׁעוּר כֻּלָּן, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׁוֹת מְלַאכְתָּן. \n",
+ "ג\nחַרְחוּר שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, \nטָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל רֻבּוֹ. \nנִשְׁבַּר מַקּוּפוֹ, \nטָהוֹר. \nקָרְדֹּם שֶׁנִּטַּל עָשְׁפּוֹ, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי בֵית בִּקּוּעוֹ; \nנִטַּל בֵּית בִּקּוּעוֹ, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי עָשְׁפּוֹ. \nנִשְׁבַּר מַקּוּפוֹ, \nטָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ד\nמַגְרֵפָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקָרְנָס. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nמְגֵרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ אַחַת מִבִּנְתַּיִם, טְהוֹרָה. \nנִשְׁתַּיַּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. \nהַמַּעְצָד, וְהָאַזְמֵל, וְהַמַּפְסֶלֶת, \nוְהַמַּקְדֵּחַ שֶׁנִּפְגָּמוּ, טְמֵאִין. \nנִטַּל חַסוּמָּן, טְהוֹרִין. \nוְכֻלָּם שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁנַיִם, טְמֵאִין, \nחוּץ מִן הַמַּקְדֵּחַ. \nוְהָרוֹקְנָה בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ה\nמַחַט שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ אוֹ עָקְצָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nאִם הִתְקִינָהּ לְמִיתָה, \nטְמֵאָה. \nשֶׁלְּסַקָּיִין שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב בָּהּ. \nנִטַּל עָקְצָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nשֶׁלַּמִתּוֹן, \nבֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה. \n\nו\nמַחַט שֶׁהֶעֱלַת חֲלוּדָה, \nאִם מְעַכֶּבֶת אֶת הַתְּפִירָה, \nטְהוֹרָה; \nוְאִם לָאו, טְמֵאָה. \nצִנֵּירָה שֶׁפְּשָׁטָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nכְּפָפָהּ, \nחָזְרָה לְטֻמְאָתָהּ. \n",
+ "ז\nעֵץ הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת הַמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטָמֵא. \nוְהַמַּתֶּכֶת וְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת אֶת הָעֵץ, \nטָהוֹר. \nכֵּיצַד? \nפּוֹתַחַת שֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nוְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nאֲפִלּוּ אַחַת, \nטְמֵאָה. \nפּוֹתַחַת שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nוְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nטַבַּעַת שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nוְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלָּאַלְמוֹג, \nטְמֵאָה. \nטַבַּעַת שֶׁלָּאַלְמוֹג, \nוְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nהַשֵּׁן שֶׁבַּטַּס שֶׁבַּפּוֹתַחַת, וְשֶׁבַּמַּפְתֵּחַ, \nטְמֵאָה בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. \n",
+ "ח\nהַכְּדֻמִּים הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּרוּ, \nוְהָאָנְקְלֵי שֶׁלָּהֶם קַיֶּמֶת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nהַמַּעְבֵּר, וְהַמִּזְרֶה, וְהַמַּגּוֹב, \nוְכֵן מַשְׂרֵק שֶׁלָּרֹאשׁ, \nשֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מִשִּׁנֵּיהֶן, \nוַעֲשָׂאָן שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nוְעַל כֻּלָּם אָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nדָּבָר חָדָשׁ חִדְּשׁוּ סוֹפְרִין, \nוְאֵין לִי מָה אָשִׁיב. \n",
+ "ט\nמַשְׂרֵק שֶׁלַּפִּשְׁתָּן שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו, \nנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, טָמֵא, \nוְאַחַת, טָהוֹר. \nוְכֻלָּם, אַחַת וְאַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, \nטְמֵאוֹת. \n\nי\nוְשֶׁלַּצֶּמֶר שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו וְאַחַת מִבִּנְתַּיִם, \nטָהוֹר. \nנִשְׁתַּיַּר בּוֹ שָׁלוֹשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nטָמֵא. \nהָיְתָה הַחִיצוֹנָה אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nטָהוֹר. \nנִטְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁתַּיִם וַעֲשָׂאָן לַמַּלְקֶטֶת, \nטְמֵאוֹת; \nאַחַת, וְהִתְקִינָהּ לַנֵּר, אוֹ לַמִּיתָה, \nטְמֵאָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכְּלֵי מַתְּכוֹת, \nכַּמָּה הוּא שֵׁעוּרָן? \nהַדְּלִי, כְּדֵי לְמַלֹּאות בּוֹ. \nקֻמְקוּמוֹס, כְּדֵי לָחוּם בּוֹ. \nמֵחַם, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל סְלָעִים. \nהַלְּבֵס, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל קִיתוֹנוֹת. \nקִיתוֹנוֹת, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל פְּרוּטוֹת. \nמִדּוֹת הַיַּיִן, בְּיַיִן, \nוּמִדּוֹת הַשֶּׁמֶן, בְּשֶׁמֶן; \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nכֻּלָּם בִּפְרוּטוֹת. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַמְחֻסָּר חֲטָפָה, טָמֵא, \nוְהַמְחֻסָּר לְטִישָׁה, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ב\nמַקֵּל שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מַסְמֵר כְּמִין חֲזַיְנָה, \nטָמֵא; \nסִמְּרוֹ, טָמֵא. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדָרִים. \nוְכֻלָּם, שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן לַנּוֹי, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מְנִיקִית, וְכֵן בַּדֶּלֶת, \nטְהוֹרָה; \nהָיְתָה כֶלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, \nטְמֵאָה. \nמֵאֶמָּתַי הִיא טַהֲרַתּוּ? \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּל. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּר. \n",
+ "ג\nהַקַּנְטֵר שֶׁלַּבַּנַּאי, \nוְהַדָּקוֹר שֶׁלֶּחָרָשׁ, <חֶרֶשׂ>\nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nיִתְדוֹת אֲהָלִין, \nוְיִתְדוֹת הַמָּשׁוֹחוֹת, \nטְמֵאוֹת. \nשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁלַּמָּשׁוֹחוֹת, \nטְמֵאָה. \nהָעֲשׁוּיָה לָעֵצִים, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת דְּלִי גָדוֹל, \nאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים; \nוְשֶׁלַּקָּטוֹן, עֲשָׂרָה. \nחֲמוֹר שֶׁלַּנַּפָּחִים, \nטְמֵאָה. \nמְגֵרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה שִׁנֶּיהָ בְתוֹךְ הַחֹר, \nטְמֵאָה; \nעֲשָׂאָן מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nכָּל הַכְּסוּיִין טְהוֹרִין, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלַּמֵּחַם. <מִשַּׁלְּמֵּיחֶם>\n",
+ "ד\nהַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה: \nהָעֹל שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nוְהַקַּטְרֵב, \nוְהַכְּנָפַיִם הַמְקַבְּלוֹת אֶת הָרְצוּעוֹת, <הַמְקַבֶּלֶות>\nוּבַרְזֶל שֶׁתַּחַת צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, \nהַסּוֹמֵךְ, וְהַמְחַגֵּר, \nוְהַתַּמְחוּיוֹת, וְהָעַנְבוּל, וְהַצִּנֵּירָה, \nוּמַסְמֵר מְחַבֵּר אֶת כֻּלָּם. \n",
+ "ה\nהַטְּהוֹרִים שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, \nוְהָעֹל הַמְצֻפֶּה, \nוּכְנָפַיִם הָעֲשׁוּיוֹת לַנּוֹי, \nוּשְׁפוֹפְרוֹת הַמַּשְׁמִיעוֹת אֶת הַקּוֹל, \nוְהָאֲבָר שֶׁבְּצַד צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, \nהַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁלַּגַּלְגַּל, \nוְהַטָּסִין, וְהַצִּפּוּיִין, \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nסַנְדַּלֵּי בְהֵמָה שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטְמֵאִין, \nשֶׁלַּשַּׁעַם, טְהוֹרִין. \nהַסֵּיף, מֵאֶמָּתַי מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה? \nמִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ. \nוְהַסְּכִין? \nמִשֶּׁיַּשְׁחִיזֶנָּה. \n",
+ "ו\nכְּסוּי טְנִי שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה בוֹ מַרְאָה, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \nמַרְאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּרָה, \nאִם אֵינָה מַרְאָה אֶת רֹב הַפָּנִים, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ז\nכְּלֵי מַתְּכוֹת מִטַּמִּין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שְׁבָרִין. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינָן מִטַּהֲרִין אֶלָּא שְׁלֵמִים. \nכֵּיצַד? \nהִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן, \nוְנִשְׁבָּרוּ בוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nהִתִּיכָן, חָזַר וְהִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן שְׁנִיָּה בוֹ בַיּוֹם, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין הַזָּיָה פָחוּת מִשְּׁלִישִׁי וּמִשְּׁבִיעִי. \n",
+ "ח\nמַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁלָּאַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה מִתּוֹךְ אַרְכֻּבָּתוֹ, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ מִבִּפְנִים. \nוְשֶׁלַּגַּם שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ גֻּמּוֹ, \nטָהוֹר. \nהָיוּ בוֹ חָפִין וּנְקָבִין, \nטָמֵא. \nנִטְּלוּ חָפִין, \nטָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי נְקָבִין. \nנִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, טָמֵא, \nמִפְּנֵי חָפִין; \nנִטְּלוּ חָפִין וְנִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, \nאוֹ שֶׁפְּרָצָן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, \nטָהוֹר. \nמַסְנֶנֶת שֶׁלַּחַרְדָּל \nשֶׁנִּפְרְצוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה נְקָבִים מִלְּמַטָּן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nוְאַרְפַּכְס שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nטְמֵאָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכְּלֵי עֵץ, \nכְּלֵי עוֹר, \nכְּלֵי עֶצֶם, \nכְּלֵי זְכוֹכִית, \nפְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, \nוּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין. \nנִשְׁבָּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. \nחָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, \nמְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּן וְלַבָּא. \nהַשִּׁדָּה, \nוְהַתֵּבָה, \nוְהַמִּגְדָּל, \nכַּוֶּרֶת הַקַּשׁ, \nוְכַוֶּרֶת הַקָּנִים, \nוּבוֹר סְפִינָה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, \nשֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם שׁוּלַיִם, \nוְהֵן מַחֲזִיקִים אַרְבָּעִים לַח, \nשֶׁהֵם כּוֹרַיִם בַּיָּבֵשׁ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, \nבֵּין מְקַבְּלִין בֵּין אֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין, \nטְמֵאִים. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nדַּרְדּוּר עֲגָלָה, \nוְקָסֻטּוֹת הַמְּלָכִים, <וקוסטות>\nוַעֲרֵבַת הָעֻבְּדָן, \nוּבוֹר סְפִינָה קְטַנָּה, \nוְהָאָרוֹן, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, \nטְמֵאִין, \nשֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׁוּיִים לְהִטַּלְטֵל אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, \nהַמְקַבְּלִין, טְהוֹרִין, \nוְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין. \nאֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר לְדִבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה \nאֶלָּא עֲרֵבַת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. \n",
+ "ב\nאֲרֻבּוֹת שֶׁלַּנַּחְתּוֹמִים, טְמֵאוֹת, \nוְשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרוֹת. \nסְרָקָן אוֹ כִרְכְּמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. <סירקן> \nדַּף שֶׁלַּנַּחְתּוֹמִים שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \nסְרוּד שֶׁלַּנַּחְתּוֹמִים, טָמֵא, \nוְשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. \nגִּפְּפוֹ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתָיו, טָמֵא. \nנִפְרַץ מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹרֵץ עָלָיו, טָמֵא. \nוְכֵן הַמַּעֲרוֹךְ, טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ג\nיָם נָפָה שֶׁלְּסַלָּתִים, טָמֵא, \nוְשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף שֶׁלַּגַּדֶּלֶת טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבָּנוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת לְתוֹכוֹ וְגוֹדְלוֹת. \n",
+ "ד\nכָּל הַתְּלוּיִן טְמֵאִין, \nחוּץ מִתְּלוּי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nכֻּלָּם טְהוֹרִין, \nחוּץ מִתְּלוּי נָפָה שֶׁלְּסַלָּתִין, \nוּתְלוּי כְּבָרַת גֳּרָנוֹת, \nוּתְלוּי מַגַּל יָד, \nוּתְלוּי מַקֵּל הַבָּלְשִׁין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְסַיְּעִין בְּשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְסִיּוּעַ בְּשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא; \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְתָלוּי, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ה\nרַחַת הַגָּרוֹסוֹת, טְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁלְּאוֹצָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא, \nוּלְכִנּוּס, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nנִבְלֵי הַשָּׁרָה, טְמֵאִין, \nוְנִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין. \nכָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין, \nוּמַשְׁקֵה בֵית מַטְבְּחִיָּה, טְהוֹרִין. \nכָּל הַסְּפָרִים מְטַמִּין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nחוּץ מִסֵּפֶר הָעֲזָרָה. \nהַמַּרְכּוּב טָהוֹר. \nהַבַּטְנוֹן וְהַנִּקְטְמוֹן וְהָאֵרוֹס, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָאֵרוֹס טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָאַלָּאִית יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו. \nמְצוֹדַת הַחֻלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁלָּעַכְבָּרִין, טְהוֹרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל כְּלִי עֵץ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר, \nחוּץ מִשֻּׁלְחָן הַסָּפוּל, \nוְתַמְחוּי הַמַּזְנוֹן, \nוָאַפִּיפּוֹדִין שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַמְּגֵס וְקוֹד הַבַּבְלִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. \nכְּלֵי עֵץ, מֵאֶמָּתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה? \nהַמִּטָּה וְהָעֲרִיסָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֵם בְּעוֹר הַדָּג. \nגָּמַר שֶׁלֹּא לָשׁוּף, טְמֵאָה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nהַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים. \n",
+ "ב\nהַסַּלִּים שֶׁלָּעֵץ, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב; \nוְשֶׁלַּתְּמָרָה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִים. \nכַּלְכַּלָּה, \nמִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיִגְמֹר אֶת הַתְּלוּיָה. \nבֵּית הַלָּגִינִין, וּבֵית הַכּוֹסוֹת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִים. \n",
+ "ג\nהַקְּנוּנִין הַקְּטַנִּים, וְהַקְּלָתוֹת, \nמִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. \nהַקְּנוּנִין הַגְּדוֹלִין, וְהַסּוֹגִין הַגְּדוֹלִים, \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁנֵי דוּרִין לָרַחַב שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nיָם, נָפָה, וּכְבָרָה, וְכַף שֶׁלְּמֹאזְנַיִם, \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה דוּר אֶחָד לָרַחַב שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nהַקֻּפָּה, \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי צְפִירוֹת לָרַחַב שֶׁלָּהּ. \nוְהָעֲרָק, \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ צְפִירָה אַחַת. \n",
+ "ד\nכְּלֵי עוֹר, מֵאֶמָּתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה? \nהַתָּרְמֵל, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב, \nוְיַעֲשֶׂה קֵיחוֹתָיו. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אָזְנָיו. \nסְקֻרְטְיָה, \nמִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב, \nוְיַעֲשֶׂה אֶת צִיצִיתָהּ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת טַבְּעוֹתֶיהָ. \nקָטְבֻלְיָה, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת קֵיחוֹתֶיהָ. \n\nה\nהַכַּר וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁלָּעוֹר, \nמִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיִּתְפְּרֵם \nוִישַׁיֵּר בָּהֶן פָּחוּת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים. \n",
+ "ו\nפָּטַלְיָה טְמֵאָה, <מחוק ומתוקן. כנראה היה פטילייא> \nוַחֲסִינָה טְהוֹרָה. \nסִגְנָיוֹת שֶׁלֶּעָלִים, טְהוֹרוֹת, \nוְשֶׁלִּנְצָרִין, טְמֵאוֹת. \nחוֹתָל שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכוֹ וְנוֹטֵל מִתּוֹכוֹ, \nטָמֵא. \nאֵינוּ יָכוֹל עַד שֶׁיִּקְרָעֶנּוּ, עַד שֶׁיַּתִּירֶנּוּ, \nטָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ז\nקִסְיָה שֶׁלְּזוֹרֵי גֳרָנוֹת, \nשֶׁלְּהוֹלְכֵי דְרָכִים, \nשֶׁלְּעוֹשֵׂי פִשְׁתָּן, טְמֵאָה. \nאֲבָל שֶׁלַּצַּבָּעִים וְשֶׁלַּנַּפָּחִים, טְהוֹרָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף שֶׁלַּגָּרוֹסוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא; \nמִפְּנֵי הַזֵּעָה, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ח\nהַמַּקְלוֹט שֶׁלַּבָּקָר, \nוְהַחִסּוּם שֶׁלּוֹ, \nוְהַמַּדָּף שֶׁלַּדְּבוֹרִים, \nוְהַמְּנָפָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. \nכְּסוּי קַפְצָא, טָמֵא. \nכְּסוּי קַמְטְרָא, טָהוֹר. \nכְּסוּי תֵּבָה, כְּסוּי טְנִי, \nוְהַמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁלֶּחָרָשׁ, \nוְהַכִּסֵּא שֶׁתַּחַת הַתֵּבָה, \nוְהַקַּמְּרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, \nוַאֲנַגְלִים שֶׁלַּסֵּפֶר, \nוּבֵית הַנַּגָּר, \nוּבֵית הַמַּנְעוּל, \nוּבֵית הַמְּזוּזָה, \nתֵּיק נְבָלִים, \nתֵּיק כִּנּוֹרוֹת, \nוְאָמוּם שֶׁלְּגוֹדְלֵי מִצְנְפוֹת, \nוְהַמַּרְכּוּג שֶׁלַּזַּמָּר, \nוּרְבִיעִין שֶׁלָּאַלָּאִית, \nוְגוֹגֶנֶת הֶעָנִי, \nוּסְמוּכוֹת הַמִּטָּה, \nוּטְפָס שֶׁלַּתְּפִלָּה, \nוַאֲמוּם שֶׁלְּעוֹשֵׂי סָבוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל אָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי מְשַׁמְּשָׁיו שֶׁלָּאָדָם, \nבְּשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה, \nטָמֵא. \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵינוּ אֶלָּא בְשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה, \nטָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ט\nתֵּיק הַסַּיִף וְהַסְּכִין וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, \nתֵּיק מִסְפֶּרֶת וּמִסְפְּרַיִם וְהַתַּעַר, \nתֵּיק מַכְחָל, \nוּבֵית הַכֹּחַל, \nתֵּיק מִכְתָּב, \nוּתְרֻנְתֵּק, \nתֵּיק טַבְלָה וּסְקוֹרְטְיָה, \nבֵּית הַחִצִּים, \nוּבֵית הַפָּגוֹשׁוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nתֵּיק סִימְפוֹנְיָא, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנָהּ מִלְמַעְלָה, טָמֵא; \nמִצִּדּוֹ, טָהוֹר. \nתֵּיק חֲלִילִים, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ מִצִּדּוֹ. <נוֹתְנָהּ> \nחֲפוּי הָאַלָּה, \nוְהַקֶּשֶׁת, \nוְהָרֹמַח, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לְתֵיק, טָמֵא, \nלַחֲפוּי, טָהוֹר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל כְּלֵי בַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בָּרִמּוֹנִים; \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nבְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן. \nקֻפּוֹת הַגַּנָּנִים, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בַּאֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁלַּיָּרָק, \nשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, בַּתֶּבֶן, \nשֶׁלַּבַּלָּנִין, בַּגְּבָבָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nכֻּלָּם בָּרִמּוֹנִים. \n",
+ "ב\nהַחֵמֶת, \nשֵׁעוּרָהּ בְּפַקָּעִיּוֹת שֶׁלַּשֶּׁתִי. \nאִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁלַּשֶּׁתִי, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁלָּעֵרֶב, \nטְמֵאָה. \nבֵּית קְעָרוֹת שֶׁאֵינוּ מְקַבֵּל קְעָרוֹת, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבֵּל תַּמְחוּיִים, \nטָמֵא. \nבֵּית הָרֶאִי שֶׁאֵינוּ מְקַבֵּל מַשְׁקִים, <=הָרֵעִי>\nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל אֶת הָרֶאִי, \nטָמֵא. \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַהֵר, \nשֶׁהֵן מְקַיְּמִין אוֹתוֹ. \n",
+ "ג\nהַסַּלִּים שֶׁלַּפַּת, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בְּכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁלַּפַּת. \nפִּיפְּיָרוֹת \nשֶׁעָשָׂה לָהּ קָנִים מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן לְחִזּוּק, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nעָשָׂה לָהּ גַּפַּיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, \nטְמֵאָה. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאִם אֵינָה יְכוּלָה לְהִנָּטֵל בְּגַפַּיִם, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ד\nהָרִמּוֹנִים שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה אֲחוּזִים זֶה בָזֶה. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nבְּנָפָה וּבִכְבָרָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִטֹּל וִיהַלֵּךְ. \nוּבַקֻּפָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיל לְאַחֲרָיו. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁאֵינָן יְכוּלִים לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, \nכְּגוֹן רֹבַע, וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, \nהַקְּנוֹנִין הַקְּטַנִּים, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בְּרֻבָּן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nבַּזֵּיתִין. \nנִפְרָצוּ, שֵׁעוּרָן בַּזֵּיתִים. \nנִגְמָמוּ, שֵׁעוּרָן בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן. \n",
+ "ה\nהָרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטֹן, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. \nוּלְמָה הָזְכָּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן? \nשֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nלְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶם אֶת הַכֵּלִים. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nלְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ הָזְכָּרוּ: \nלְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים, \nוְשֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nלֹא שֶׁיְּהוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן וַחֲצִירֵי גֶבַע, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁיְּהוּ מִתְעַשְּׂרִין וַדַּי בְּכָל מָקוֹם. \n",
+ "ו <ז>\nכַּבֵּיצָה שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמֵבִיא גְדוֹלָה שֶׁבַּגְּדוֹלוֹת וּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּקְּטַנּוֹת, \nוְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם, \nוְחוֹלֵק אֶת הַמַּיִם. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nוְכִי מִי מוֹדִיעֵנִי אֵי זוֹ גְדוֹלָה וְאֵי זוֹ קְטַנָּה? \nאֶלָּא הַכֹּל לְפִי דַעְתּוֹ שֶׁלָּרוֹאֶה. \n",
+ "ז <ח>\nכַּגְּרוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַגְּדוֹלָה שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nהִיא הַבֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁבַּמְּדִינוֹת. \n",
+ "ח <ט>\nכַּזַּיִת שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטֹן, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי, \nזֶה אֲגוֹרִי. \nכִּשְׂעוֹרָה שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, \nזוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. \nכָּעֲדָשָׁה שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nלֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, \nזוֹ מִצְרִית. \nכָּל הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין \nמְבִיאִין אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בְעֹבִי הַמַּרְדֵּעַ, \nלֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטֹן, אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. \nוְאֵי זֶה הוּא הַבֵּינוֹנִי? \nכָּל שֶׁהֶקֵּפוֹ טֶפַח. \n",
+ "ט\nהָאַמָּה שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nבָּאַמָּה הַבֵּינוֹנִית. \nשְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת הָיוּ בְשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה: \nאַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית, \nוְאַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית; \nשֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית, <דְּרוֹמִית>\nהָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁלְּמֹשֶׁה חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע; \nוְשֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית, \nהָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עָלֶיהָ חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע. \nנִמְצֵאת יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁלְּמֹשֶׁה אֶצְבַּע. \n\nי\nוְלָמָּה אָמָרוּ 'אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה'? \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהָאֻמָּנִים נוֹטְלִים בַּקְּטַנָּה, \nוּמַחְזִירִין בַּגְּדוֹלָה, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹאוּ לְבֵית הַמְּעִילָה. \n",
+ "רְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הָאַמּוֹת הָיוּ בַּבֵּינוֹנִית, \nחוּץ מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב, \nוְקֶרֶן וְהַסּוֹבֵב וְהַיְסוֹד. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַמַּת הַבִּנְיָן, שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, \nוְשֶׁלַּכֵּלִים, חֲמִשָּׁה. \n",
+ "יא\nוְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמָרוּ בְּמִדָּה דַקָּה: \nמִדּוֹת הַלַּח וְהַיָּבֵשׁ, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בָּאִיטַלְקִי, \nזוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. \nוְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמָרוּ: \nהַכֹּל לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא אָדָם: \nקוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, <הקומץ>\nוְחוֹפְנֵי הַקְּטֹרֶת, \nוְהַשּׁוֹתֶה כִמְלֹא לָגְמָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, \nכִּמְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוֹדוֹת לָעֵרוּב. \nמְזוֹנוֹ לַחֹל אֲבָל לֹא לַשַּׁבָּת, \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלַשַּׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא לַחֹל. \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nמִשְּׁתֵי יָדוֹת לַכִּכָּר, \nמִשָּׁלשׁ לַקַּב. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִכִּכָּר בְּפוֹנְדְּיוֹן וּמֵאַרְבַּע בַּסֶּלַע. \n",
+ "יב\nוְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמָרוּ מִדָּה גַסָּה: \nמְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, <תורווד>\nמְלֹא תַרְוָד גָּדוֹל שֶׁלָּרוֹפְאִים; \nגְּרִיס נְגָעִים, כְּגָרִיס הַקִּלְקִי; \nהָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּכוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה, \nכָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַלְעַנָּתָהּ. \nנוֹדוֹת יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן, \nשֵׁעוּרָן בְּפִיקָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nוּמָאוֹר שֶׁלֹּא נֶעֱשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף גָּדוֹל, \nזֶה אֶגְרוֹפוֹ שֶׁלְּבֶן בַּטִּיחַ. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nיֶשְׁנוֹ כְרֹאשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁלָּאָדָם. \n\nיג\nוְשֶׁנֶּעֱשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, \nשֵׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ גָּדוֹל שֶׁלַּלִּשְׁכָּה, \nשֶׁהוּא כְפוֹנְדְּיוֹן הָאִיטַלְקִי, \nוּכְסֶלַע נְרוֹנִית, \nכִּמְלֹא נֶקֶב שֶׁבָּעֹל. \n",
+ "יד\nכָּל שֶׁבַּיָּם טָהוֹר, \nחוּץ מִכֶּלֶב הַיָּם, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹרֵחַ לַיִּיבָשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nהָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הַגָּדֵל בַּיָּם \nוְחִבֵּר לָהֶם מִן הַגָּדֵל בָּאָרֶץ, \nאֲפִלּוּ חוּט, אֲפִלּוּ מְשִׁיחָה, \nדָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, \nטָמֵא. \n",
+ "יה\nוְיֵשׁ בְּמַה שֶּׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן טֻמְאָה; \nבַּשֵּׁנִי, אֵין בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, \nבַּשְּׁלִישִׁי, יֶשׁ בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, \nבָּרְבִיעִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי, אֵין בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, \nחוּץ מִכְּנַף הָעוּז וּבֵיצַת הַנַּעֲמִית הַמְצֻפָּה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי: \nמַה שָּׁנַת כְּנַף הָעוּז מִכָּל כְּנָפַיִם? \nכָּל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי, טָמֵא. \n",
+ "יו\nהָעוֹשֶׂה כְלִי קִבּוּל מִכָּל מָקוֹם, \nטָמֵא. \nהָעוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִכָּל מָקוֹם, \nטָמֵא. \nהָעוֹשֶׂה כִיס מִן הָעוֹר וּמִן הַמַּצָּה וּמִן הַנְּיָר, \nטָמֵא. \nהָרִמּוֹן, הָאַלּוֹן וְהָאֱגוֹז, \nשֶׁחֲקָקוּם הַתִּינוֹקוֹת לָמוֹד בָּהֶן אֶת הֶעָפָר, \nאוֹ שֶׁהִתְקִינוּם לְכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם מַעֲשֶׂה, \nוְאֵין לָהֶם מַחֲשָׁבָה. \n",
+ "יז\nקְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם וְהַמָּחוֹק \nשֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַתֶּכֶת, \nוְהָאֲסָל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל מָעוֹת, \nוְקָנֶה שֶׁלֶּעָנִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מַיִם, \nמַקֵּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל מְזוּזָה וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. \nוְעַל כֻּלָּם אָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי: \nאִי לִי אִם אֹמַר, \nאִי לִי אִם לֹא אֹמַר. \n",
+ "יח\nתַּחְתִּית הַצּוֹרְפִין, טְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁלַּנַּפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. \nמַשְׁחֶזֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, \nטְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. \nפִּנְקֵס \nשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה, \nוְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. \nמַחֲצֶלֶת הַקַּשׁ וּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקַּשׁ, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאַף שֶׁלַּפַּקּוֹעוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. \nמַחְצֶלֶת הַקָָּנִים וְשֶׁלַּחֵלָף, טְהוֹרָה. \nשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת שֶׁלַּקָּנֶה שֶׁחֲתָכָהּ לְקַבָּלָה, \nטְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכָּכַי. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַשִּׁדָּה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nנִמְדֶּדֶת מִבִּפְנִים, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nנִמְדֶּדֶת מִבַּחוּץ. \nוּמוֹדִים אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין עֹבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וְעֹבִי לִזְבֵּזִים נִמְדָּד. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nמוֹדִים שֶׁעֹבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וְעֹבִי לִזְבֵּזִים נִמְדָּד, \n[וּבֵינֵיהֶן אֵינוּ נִמְדָּד.]\nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הַשֵּׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָיוּ הָרַגְלַיִם גְּבוֹהוֹת טֶפַח, \nאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן נִמְדָּד, \nוְאִם לָאו, בֵּינֵיהֶם נִמְדָּד. \n",
+ "ב\nהַמֶּכְנֵי שֶׁלָּהּ, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִשְׁמֶטֶת, \nאֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לָהּ, \nוְאֵינָה נִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, \nוְאֵינָה מַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, \nוְאֵין גּוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בַּשַּׁבָּת \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. \nוְאִם אֵינָה נִשְׁמֶטֶת, \nחִבּוּר לָהּ, \nוְנִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, \nוּמַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, \nוְגוֹרְרִים אוֹתָהּ בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. \nהַקַּמְּרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ, \nחִבּוּר לָהּ וְנִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. \nאִם אֵינוּ קָבוּעַ, \nאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְאֵינוּ נִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. \nכֵּיצַד מוֹדְדִין אוֹתוֹ? \nרֹאשׁ תּוֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם אֵינָה יְכוּלָה לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ג\nהַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַמִּגְדָּל \nשֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלֵיהֶן, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, טְהוֹרִין, \nשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כְּדַרְכָּן; \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַמֵּא. \nנִקְלְטֵי הַמִּטָּה, וַחֲמוֹר, וַחֲפוּי, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִטָּה וּמַלְבֵּן. \nוּמַלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין. \n",
+ "ד\nמַלְבֵּן שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנוֹת, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר וּרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמִּין, \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה וּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֲרִין. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nמַה שָּׁנָה זֶה מִמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, \nשֶׁמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי טְהוֹרִין? \n",
+ "ה\nמִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nנִטְּלָה קְצָרָה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, \nטְמֵאָה, \nאֲרֻכָּה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַמֵּא. \nגָּרַר שְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת לוֹכְסָן, \nגָּרַר שְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח לוֹכְסָן, \nאוֹ שֶׁמִּעֲטָהּ פָּחוּת מִטֶּפַח, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ו\nמִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nנִשְׁבְּרָה אֲרֻכָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nנִשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \nלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה \nעַד שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ז\nכֶּרַע שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nוְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \nפָּרָשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, <שֶׁהִיא>\n[וְהַמִּטָּה טְמֵאָה מַגַּע מִדְרָס.] \nהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, \nוְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. \nפָּרָשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, \nוְהַמִּטָּה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. \n[הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב,] \nוְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. \nפָּרָשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, \nוְהַמִּטָּה טְהוֹרָה. \nוְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁלַּמַּעְדֵּר. \n",
+ "ח\nתְּפִלָּה אַרְבָּעָה כֵלִים, \nהִתִּיר קְצִיצָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת, \nוְכֵן שְׁנִיָּה, \nוְכֵן שְׁלִישִׁית. \nהִתִּיר אֶת הָרְבִיעִית, \nטְהוֹרָה מִטְּמֵא מֵת, \nאֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. \nחָזַר לָרִאשׁוֹנָה, \nוְהִתִּירָהּ וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטְמֵאָה בְמַגָּע, \nוְכֵן הַשְּׁנִיָּה. \nהִתִּיר אֶת הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, \nטְהוֹרָה, שֶׁהָרְבִיעִית בְּמַגָּע, \nוְאֵין מַגָּע עוֹשֶׂה מַגָּע. \n",
+ "ט\nמִטָּה שֶׁנִּגְנַב חֶצְיָהּ, \nאוֹ אָבַד חֶצְיָהּ, \nוַחֲלָקוּהָ אַחִים אוֹ שׁוּתָפִים, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nהֶחֱזִירוּהָ, \nמְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּן וְלַבָּא. \nמִטָּה מִטַּמַּת חֲבִלָּה, \nוּמִטַּהֶרֶת חֲבִלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמִטַּמַּת אֵבָרִים וּמִטַּהֶרֶת אֵבָרִים. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַמְפָרֵק אֶת הַמִּטָּה לְהַטְבִּילָהּ, \nוְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֲבָלִים, \nטָהוֹר. \nהַחֶבֶל, מֵאֶמָּתַי הוּא חִבּוּר לַמִּטָּה? \nמִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים. \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלִפְנִים, \nטָמֵא; \nמִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלַחוּץ, \nטָהוֹר. \nנוּמֵי הַקֶּשֶׁר, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכּוֹ, טָמֵא. \nוְכַמָּה הוּא צָרְכוֹ? \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. \n",
+ "ב\nהַחֶבֶל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, \nעַד חֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר; \nמֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְעַד עֲשָׂרָה, טָמֵא. \nמֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר, \nשֶׁבּוֹ קוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַפְּסָחִין, \nוּמְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת. \n",
+ "ג\nמֵזְרָן הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. \nשִׁירֵי מֵזְרָן, \nשִׁבְעָה טְפָחִים, \nכְּדֵי לַעֲשׁוֹתוֹ חֲבָק לַחֲמוֹר. \n",
+ "ד\nנִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמֵּזְרָן, \nמְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nנִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְהַמֵּזְרָן, \nעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, \nמְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם, וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. \nמֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶחָד, וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. \nנִשָּׂא עַל הַמֵּזְרָן, \nמֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא; \nמֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ה\nמִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nוְכָרַךְ לָהּ מֵזְרָן, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \nפָּרָשָׁה, \nהִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nוְהַמֵּזְרָן מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \nהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, \nוְכָרַךְ לָהּ מֵזְרָן, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. <מִדְרָס> \nפָּרָשָׁה, \nהִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, \nוְהַמֵּזְרָן טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. \nהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, \nוְכָרַךְ לָהּ מֵזְרָן, \nכֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. \nפָּרָשָׁה, \nהִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, \nוְהַמֵּזְרָן טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nמִטָּה שֶׁכָּרַךְ לָהּ מֵזְרָן, \nוְנָגַע בָּהֶן הַמֵּת, \nטְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. \nפָּרָשׁוּ, \nטְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. \nנָגַע בָּהֶן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, \nטְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. <שִׁבְעָה ערב> \nפָּרָשׁוּ, \nטְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. \n\nז\nמִטָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁתֵּי אֲרֻכּוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ, \nוְעָשָׂה לָהּ חֲדָשׁוֹת וְלֹא שִׁנָּה אֶת הַנְּקָבִים; \nנִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ חֲדָשׁוֹת, טְמֵאָה, \nוִישָׁנוֹת, טְהוֹרָה, \nשֶׁהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַיְשָׁנוֹת. \n",
+ "ח\nתֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִלְּמַעְלָן, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. \nנִפְחָתָה מִלְּמַעְלָן, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. \nנִפְחָתָה מִלְּמַטָּן, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nמְגוֹרוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ, \nטְמֵאוֹת, וְאֵינָן חִבּוּר לָהּ. \n",
+ "ט\nתָּרְמֵל שֶׁנִּפְחַת, \nהַכִּיס שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָמֵא, \nוְאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לוֹ. \nהַחֵמֶת שֶׁהַבֵּיצִים שֶׁלָּהּ מְקַבְּלוֹת עִמָּהּ, \nוְנִפְחָתוּ, \nטְהוֹרוֹת, שֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלוֹת כְּדַרְכָּן. \n",
+ "י\nתֵּבָה שֶׁנִּפְתְחָה מִצִּדָּהּ, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nאֵמָתַי? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָה גְבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, \nאוֹ שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִיזְבֵן טֶפַח. \nנִתְפַּחֲתָה מִלְּמַעְלָן, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. \nנִפְחָתָה מִלְּמַטָּן, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, \nוּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה. \n",
+ "יא\nמַשְׁפֶּלֶת שֶׁנִּפְחָתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, \nוּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת, \nוְהַשַּׂקִים וְהַמַּרְצַפִּין שֶׁנִּפְחָתוּ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. \nהַקְּלוֹסְטֵר אַרְבַּעַת קַבִּים, \nהַתָּרְמֵל חֲמֵשֶׁת קַבִּים, \nהַכְּרֵתִית סְאָה, \nהַחֵמֶת שֶׁלְּשִׁבְעַת קַבִּים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָרַבְצֵל וְהַמְּזָרָה כָל שֶׁהֵן, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. \nוְכֻלָּן שֶׁנִּפְחָתוּ, טְהוֹרִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, \nוּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה. \n",
+ "ב\nחֲמַת חֲלִילִים, \nטְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס. \nעֲרֵבַת פִּסּוֹנוֹת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nמִדְרָס. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nטְמֵא מֵת. \nעֲרֵבָה, \nמִשְּׁנֵי לֹג עַד תִּשְׁעַת קַבִּים שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \nהִנִּיחָהּ בַּגְּשָׁמִים וְנִתְפְּחָה, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. \nבַּקָּדִים וְנִסְדְּקָה, \nמְקַבֶּלֶת מִדְרָס. \nזֶה חֹמֶר בְּשִׁירֵי כְלֵי עֵץ מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן. \nוְחֹמֶר בִּכְלֵי נְצָרִין מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן, \nתְּחִלָּתָן אֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַסְּמוּ. \nנִתְחַסְּמוּ, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ שִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, \nטְמֵאִין. \n",
+ "ג\nמַקֵּל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ יָד לְקָרְדּוֹם, \nחִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בְשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה. \nהַדְּיַסְטֵר, \nחִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בְשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה. \nקְבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, \nטָמֵא, וְאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לוֹ. \nעָשָׂה בוֹ דְּיַסְטֵר, \nאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא צָרְכוֹ. \nכִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, \nטָמֵא, וְאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לוֹ. \nעָשָׂה בוֹ כִסֵּא, \nאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹמוֹ. \nקְבָעוֹ בְקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד, \nטָמֵא, וְאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לָהּ. \nעָשָׂה בְרֹאשָׁהּ כִּסֵּא, \nטְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאוֹמְרִין לוֹ: \n\"עֲמֹד, וְנַעֲשֶׂה אֶת מְלָאכְתֵּנוּ!\" \n",
+ "ד\nעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּפְחָתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, \nהִתְקִינָהּ לִישִׁיבָה, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, \nעַד שֶׁיְּקַצַּע. \nעֲשָׂאָהּ אֵבוּס לַבְּהֵמָה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בַּכּתֶל, \nטְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ה\nכֹּפֶת שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַנִּדְבָּךְ, \nקְבָעוֹ וְלֹא בָנָה עָלָיו, \nבָּנָה עָלָיו וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, \nטָמֵא. \nקְבָעוֹ וּבָנָה עָלָיו, \nטָהוֹר. \nמַפֵּץ שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַקּוֹרוֹת, \nקְבָעוֹ וְלֹא נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזֵיבָה, \nנָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזֵיבָה וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, \nטָמֵא. \nקְבָעוֹ וְנָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזֵיבָה, \nטָהוֹר. \nקְעָרָה שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בַּשִּׁדָּה, בַּתֵּבָה וּבַמִּגְדָּל, \nכְּדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְמֵאָה; \nשֶׁלֹּא כְדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ו\nסָדִין שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, \nוַעֲשָׂאוֹ וֵילָן, \nטָהַר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. \nמֵאֵמָתַי הִיא טַהֲרָתוֹ? \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשֶּׁיִּתָּבֵר. <מִשֶּׁיּתבֵּר> \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשֶּׁיִּקָּשֵׁר. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nמִשֶּׁיִּקְבַּע. \n",
+ "ז\nמַחְצֶלֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהּ קָנִים לְאָרְכָּהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂם כְּמִין כִי. \nעֲשָׂאָן לְרָחְבָּהּ, \nאִם אֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nנֶחְלְקָה לְרָחְבָּהּ, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. \nוְכֵן הַמַּתִּיר רָאשֵׁי הַמַּעֲדַנִּים, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nנֶחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ, \nנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מַעֲדַנִּים שֶׁהֵן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, \nטְמֵאָה. \nמַחְצֶלֶת, מֵאֵמָתַי מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה? \nמִשֶּׁתִּתְקַנֵּב, וְהִיא גְּמָר מְלַאכְתָּהּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּכָּבֵד הָעֶלְיוֹן, \nבַּכָּבֵד הַתַּחְתּוֹן, \nבַּנִּירַיִם, \nוּבַקִּירוֹס, \nוּבַחוּט שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי אַרְגָּמָן, \nוּבָעִירָה שֶׁאֵינוּ עָתִיד לְהַחְזִירָהּ, \nטָהוֹר. \nבְּנֶפֶשׁ הַמַּסֶּכֶת, \nוּבִשְׁתִי הָעוֹמֵד, \nוּבַכָּפוּל שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי אַרְגָּמָן, \nוּבָעִירָה שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהַחְזִירָהּ, \nטָמֵא. \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּצֶּמֶר שֶׁעַל הָעִמָּה, בְּאַשְׁוְיָה, \nטָהוֹר. \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּפִּקָּה, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא פֵרֵעָה, טָמֵא; \nמִשֶּׁפֵּרֵעָה, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ב\nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּעֹל, \nוּבַקַּטְרֵב, \nבָּעַיִן, \nוּבָעֲבוֹת, \nאֲפִלּוּ בְשָׁעַת מְלָאכָה, \nטָהוֹר. \nבַּחֶרֶב, \nוּבַבֹּרֶךְ, \nוּבַיָּצוֹל, \nטָמֵא. \nבָּעַיִן שֶׁלַּמַּתֶּכֶת, \nוּבִלְחָיַיִם, \nוּבָעֲרָיִים, <אולי עדיים>\nטָמֵא. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר בִּלְחָיַיִם, \nשֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׂוּיִים אֶלָּא לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הֶעָפָר. \n",
+ "ג\nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּיַד מְגֵרָה, \nמִכָּן וּמִכָּן, \nטָמֵא. \nבַּחוּט וּבַמְּשִׁיחָה, \nבָּאַמָּה וּבַסְּנִיפִין, \nבְּמַכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁלֶּחָרָשׁ וּבַקַּשְׁטָנִית, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּמַּלְבֵּן שֶׁלְּמַסָּר הַגָּדוֹל, \nטָהוֹר. \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּיֶּתֶר וּבַקֶּשֶׁת, \nאַף עַל פִּי מְתוּחָה, \nטָהוֹר. \nמְצוֹדוֹת הָאִשּׁוּת, \nטְהוֹרוֹת. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא מְתוּחָה, חִבּוּר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדַּלְפְקִי שֶׁנִּפְחָתוּ, \nאוֹ שֶׁחִפָּן בַּשַּׁיִשׁ \nוְשִׁיֵּר בָּהֶן מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הַכּוֹסוֹת, \nטְמֵאִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמְקוֹם הַנָּחַת חֲתִכּוֹת. \n",
+ "ב\nשֻׁלְחָן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלָיו, טָהוֹר; \nנִטְּלָה שְׁנִיָּה, טָהוֹר; \nנִטְּלָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, \nטָמֵא עַד שֶׁיַּחְשֹׁב עָלָיו. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין צָרִיךְ מַחֲשָׁבָה. \nוְכֵן הַדָּלְפְקִי. \n",
+ "ג\nסַפְסֵל שֶׁנִּטַּל אֶחָד מֵרָאשָׁיו, טָהוֹר; \nנִטַּל הַשֵּׁנִי, טָהוֹר; \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ גֹבַהּ טֶפַח, טָמֵא. \nשְׁרַפְרֵף שֶׁנִּטַּל אֶחָד מֵרָאשָׁיו, \nטָמֵא. \nוְכֵן כִּסֵּא שֶׁלִּפְנֵי קָתֶדְרָה. \n",
+ "ד\nכִּסֵּא שֶׁלַּכַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חֲפוּיָיו, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַמִּין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁלַּכִּסֵּא, טָמֵא. \nכִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בָעֲרֵבָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי מְטַמִּין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. \nשַׁמַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ. \n",
+ "ה\nכִּסֵּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ חֲפוּיָיו יוֹצְאִין, וְנִטָּלוּ, \nטָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ \nלִהְיוֹת מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ וְיוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו. \n",
+ "ו\nכִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲפוּיוֹ הָאֶמְצָעִי, \nוְהַחִיצוֹנִין קַיָּמִין, \nטָמֵא. \nנִטְּלוּ הַחִיצוֹנִין וְהָאֶמְצָעִי קַיָּם, \nטָמֵא. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָיָה רָחָב טֶפַח. \n",
+ "ז\nכִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחֲפוּיָיו זֶה בְצַד זֶה, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nאַף כִּסֵּא שֶׁלַּכַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חֲפוּיָיו, \nנִשְׁתַּיַּר בּוֹ בֵית קַבָּלָה, \nטָהוֹר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, \nוּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה. \n",
+ "ח\nשִׁדָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי הַתַּחְתּוֹן. \nנִטַּל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, \nטְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹן. \nנִטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי הַדַּפִּים, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nיְשִׁיבַת הַסַּתָּת, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \n",
+ "כֹּפֶת שֶׁסְּרָקוֹ וְכִרְכְּמוֹ, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ פָנִים, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, \nעַד שֶׁיָּחֹק בּוֹ. \nהַסַּל וְהַכַּלְכַּלָּה שֶׁמִּלָן תֶּבֶן אוֹ מֻכִּין, \nהִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, טְהוֹרִין. \nסֵרְגָן בַּגְּמִי אוֹ בִמְשִׁיחָה, טְמֵאִין. \n",
+ "ט\nהַסַּלָּה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. \nפָּרָשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, \nוְהַבַּרְזֶל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. \nטְרַסְקֵל שֶׁחֲפוּיָיו שֶׁלָּעוֹר, \nטָמֵא מִדְרָס וְטָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. \nפָּרָשָׁה, \nהָעוֹר טָמֵא מִדְרָס, \nוְהַטְּרַסְקֵל טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. <מִכֻּלָם> \nסַפְסֵלִים שֶׁבַּמַּרְחֵץ שֶׁשְּׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו שֶׁלָּעֵץ, \nטָמֵא. \nאַחַת שֶׁלָּעֵץ וְאַחַת שֶׁלָּאֶבֶן, \nטָהוֹר. \nנְסָרִין שֶׁבַּמַּרְחֵץ שֶׁשִּׁגְּמָן, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, \nשֶׁאֵינָם עֲשׁוּיִן אֶלָּא שֶׁיְּהוּ הַמַּיִם מְהַלְּכִין תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. \nקַנְקֵילָן \nשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קַבָּלַת כְּסוּת, \nטְמֵאָה; \nוְהָעֲשׁוּיָה כְּכַוֶּרֶת, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַכַּדּוּר וְהָאֱמוֹן וְהַקָּמִיעַ וּתְפִלִּין שֶׁנִּקְרָעוּ, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן טָמֵא, \nוּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן טָהוֹר. \nהָאֱכוֹף שֶׁנִּקְרַע, \nהַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָמֵא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתָּפִיר מְחַבְּרוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nאֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִשֵּׁם מֶרְכָּב: \nזֶרֶז הָאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִי, \nוּמְרֵיכָה הַמָּדִית, \nוְעָבִיט שֶׁלַּגָּמָל, \nוּטְפֵטָן שֶׁלַּסּוּס. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף טַפֵּיטָן שֶׁלַּסּוּס טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹמְדִין עָלָיו בְּקוֹמְפוֹן. \nאֲבָל אֱכוֹף שֶׁלַּנָּקָה, טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ג\nמַה בֵּין מֶרְכָּב לְמוֹשָׁב? \nמֶרְכָּב, חָלַק מַגָּעוֹ מִמַּשָּׂאוֹ, \nוּמוֹשָׁב, לֹא חָלַק. \nתָּפִית שֶׁלַּחֲמוֹר, \nשֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, טְהוֹרָה. \nשִׁנָּה בָהּ אֶת הַנְּקָבִים, \nאוֹ שֶׁפְּרָצָן זֶה בְצַד זֶה, טְמֵאָה. \n",
+ "ד\nהַמִּטָּה, וְהַכַּר, וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁלַּמֵּת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. \nכִּסֵּא שֶׁלַּכַּלָּה, \nוּמַשְׁבֵּר שֶׁלֶּחָיָה, \nוְכִסֵּא שֶׁלַּכּוֹבֵס \nשֶׁהוּא כוֹרֵם עָלָיו אֶת הַכֵּלִים, \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nאֵין בּוֹ מִשֵּׁם מוֹשָׁב. \n",
+ "ה\nהַחֵרֶם טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי זוֹטוֹ. \nהָרְשָׁתוֹת וְהַמַּכְמְרוֹת, \nוְהַמַּדָּף וְהַפְּלָצוּר, \nמְצוֹדוֹת שְׂכָרִין, טְמֵאִין. \nהָאַקּוֹן וְהָרָטוֹב וְהַכְּלוּב, טְהוֹרִין. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nשְׁלֹשָׁה תְרִיסִים הֵם: \nתְּרִיס הַכָּפוּף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁמְּשַׂחֲקִין בַּקּוֹמְפּוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְדֵיצַת הָעַרְבִיִּים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ב\nשָׁלֹשׁ עֲגָלוֹת הֵן: \nהָעֲשׁוּיָה כְּקָתֶדְרָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nכַּמִּטָּה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלָּאֲבָנִים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ג\nשָׁלֹשׁ עֲרֵבוֹת הֵן: \nעֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעַת קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדָּקָה, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nשְׁלֵמָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ד\nשָׁלֹשׁ תֵּבוֹת הֵן: \nתֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִצִּדָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nמִלְּמַעְלָן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ה\nשְׁלֹשָׁה תַרְכּוּסִין הֵן: \nשֶׁלַּסַּפָּרִין, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁאוֹכְלִין עָלָיו, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלַּזֵּיתִין, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ו\nשָׁלֹשׁ בָּסִיסָיוֹת הֵן: \nשֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה, \nוְשֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַסּוֹפְרִים, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nוְשֶׁלַּדָּלְפְקֵי, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלַּמִּגְדָּל, \nטְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ז\nשָׁלוֹשׁ פִּנַקְסִיוֹת הֵן: \nהָאַפִּיפּוֹדִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nוְשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, \nטְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוַחֲלָקָה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ח\nשָׁלֹשׁ מִטּוֹת הֵן: \nהָעֲשׁוּיָה לִשְׁכִיבָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nוְשֶׁלַּזַּגָּגִין, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלַּסָּרָגִין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "ט <ח>\nשָׁלוֹשׁ מַשְׁפְּלוֹת הֵן: \nשֶׁלַּזֶּבֶל, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁלַּתֶּבֶן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nפּוֹחֲלָץ שֶׁלַּגְּמַלִּים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "י <ט>\nשְׁלֹשָׁה מַפְּצִין הֵן: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לִישִׁיבָה, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁלַּצַּבָּעִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלֶַּגִּתּוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יא <י>\nשָׁלוֹשׁ חֲמָתוֹת וּשְׁלֹשָׁה תָרְמָלִים הֵן: \nמְקַבְּלִין כַּשֵּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס; \nוְשֶׁאֵין מְקַבְּלִין כַּשֵּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִין טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלְּעוֹר הַדָּג, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יב \nשְׁלֹשָׁה עוֹרוֹת הֵן: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לַשָּׁטִיחַ, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁלְּתַכְרִיךְ כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלָּרְצוּעוֹת וְשֶׁלַּסַּנְדַּלִּים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יג\nשְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִים הֵן: \nהֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁכִיבָה, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nלְוֵילָן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלַּצּוּרוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יו\nשָׁלוֹשׁ מִטְפָּחוֹת הֵן: \nשֶׁלַּיָּדַיִם, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; \nוְשֶׁלַּסְּפָרִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלְּתַכְרִיךְ וְנִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יד \nשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרַקְלִינוֹן הֵן: \nשֶׁלְּצָדֵי חַיָּה וָעוֹף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס; <שֶׁלְּצֵדֵי>\nשֶׁלַּחֲגָבִים, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלַּקּוֹצִין, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. \n",
+ "יה\nשָׁלוֹשׁ סְבָכוֹת הֵן: \nשֶׁלַּיַּלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת מִדְרָס; \nשֶׁלַּזְּקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת; \nוְשֶׁלְּיוֹצֵאת הַחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם. \n\n",
+ "יז\nשָׁלוֹשׁ קֻפּוֹת הֵן: \nמְהוּהָה שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַבִּרְיָה, <מהודה! לא מנוקד>\nהוֹלְכִים אַחַר הַבִּרְיָה; \nקְטַנָּה עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, \nהוֹלְכִים אַחַר הַגְּדוֹלָה; \nהָיוּ שָׁווֹת, הוֹלְכִים אַחַר הַפְּנִימִית. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכַּף שֶׁלְּמֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ בְּשׁוּלֵי הַמֵּחַם, \nמִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא, \nוּמִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר. \nטְלָיָהּ עַל צִדּוֹ, \nבֵּין מִבִּפְנִים, בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, \nכְּגוֹן: \nהַכָּרִים, וְהַכְּסָתוֹת, \nוְהַשַּׂקִין, וְהַמַּרְצַפִּים. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תוֹבָרוֹת, \n[יֵשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ; \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת,] \nאֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. \n\nב\nהַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדָּלְפְקֵי, \nיֵשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין לָהֶן. \nוְכֵן טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז. \n",
+ "ג\nהַמַּרְדֵּעַ, \nיֵשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ: \nמִשִּׁבְעָה לְחַרְחוּר, \nוּמֵאַרְבָּעָה לַדָּרְבָן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין לָהֶן, \nלֹא הָזְכָּרוּ שִׁבְעָה וְאַרְבָּעָה אֶלָּא לַשִּׁירַיִם. \n",
+ "ד\nמִדּוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, \nוְזוֹמָנֶצְטְרָה, \nוּמְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁלַּחַרְדָּל, \nוּמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁלַּיַּיִן, \nיֵשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין לָהֶן. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nיֵשׁ לָהֶן, \nנִטַּמּוּ מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, \nמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן טָהוֹר, \nוְצָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל. \n",
+ "ה\nהָרֹבַע, וַחֲצִי רֹבַע; \nנִטַּמָּא הָרֹבַע, וְלֹא נִטַּמָּא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, \nנִטַּמָּא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, וְלֹא נִטַּמָּא הָרֹבַע, \nאָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nהוֹאִיל וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לָרֹבַע, \nכֶּלִי שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא תוֹכוֹ, \nלֹא נִטַּמּוּ אֲחוֹרָיו? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nשַׁלְחַת קוֹדְמִין הִיא? \nאוֹ שֶׁמֵּא הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, \nכְּלִי שֶׁנִּטַּמּוּ אֲחוֹרָיו, \nלֹא נִטַּמָּא תוֹכוֹ! \n",
+ "ו\nנִטַּמָּא הָרֹבַע, \nהָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, \nחֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. \nנִטַּמָּא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, \nחֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, \nוְהָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. \nנִטַּמּוּ אֲחוֹרֵי הָרֹבַע, \nאֲחוֹרֵי חֲצִי הָרֹבַע טְהוֹרִין. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין חוֹלְקִין אֶת הַגַּבַּיִם. \nכְּשֶׁהוּא מַטְבִּיל, מַטְבִּיל אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. \n",
+ "ז\nכַּנֵּי כֵלִים, \nוְהָגְנֵיהֶם, \nוְאָזְנֵיהֶם, \nוִידוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַמְקַבְּלִים, \nשֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, \nמְנַגְּבָן וְהֵן טְהוֹרִין. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, \nוְשֶׁנָּפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, \nכֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. \nכֶּלִי שֶׁנִּטַּמּוּ אֲחוֹרָיו בְּמַשְׁקִין, \nאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין; \nתּוֹכוֹ, וְהָגְנוֹ, וְאָזְנָיו, וְיָדָיו, \nטְהוֹרִין. \nנִטַּמָּא מִתּוֹכוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. \n",
+ "ח\nכָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, \nוְיֵשׁ לָהֶן בֵּית צְבִיעָה. \nרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nלַעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁלָּעֵץ. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nלַכּוֹסוֹת. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nלַיָּדַיִם הַטְּמֵאוֹת וְהַטְּהוֹרוֹת. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nלֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא לַיָּדַיִם הַטְּהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבַד. \n",
+ "ט\nכֵּיצַד? \nהָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת, \nוַאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס טְמֵאִין, \nאֲחָזוֹ בְבֵית צְבִיעָתוֹ, \nאֵינוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמֵּא נִטַּמּוּ יָדָיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס. \nהָיָה שׁוֹתֶה בְּכוֹס שֶׁאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, \nאֵינוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמֵּא נִטַּמָּא מַשְׁקֶה שֶׁבְּפִיו \nבַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס, וְחָזַר וְטִמֵּא אֶת הַכּוֹס. \nקֻמְקוּם שֶׁהוּא מַרְתֵּחַ, \nאֵינוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמֵּא יָצְאוּ מַשְׁקִים מִתּוֹכוֹ, \nוְנָגְעוּ בַאֲחוֹרָיו, וְחָזְרוּ לְתוֹכוֹ. \n",
+ "י\nכְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, \nאֵין לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, \nוְאֵין לָהֶן בֵּית צְבִיעָה. \nוְאֵין מַטְבִּילִים כֵּלִים בְּתוֹךְ כֵּלִים בַּקֹּדֶשׁ. \nכָּל הַכֵּלִים יוֹרְדִים לִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, \nוְאֵינָן עוֹלִין מִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן אֶלָּא בְשִׁנּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה. \nהַמַּעֲשֶׂה מְבַטֵּל מִיַּד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וּמִיַּד הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה, \nהַמַּחֲשָׁבָה אֵינָה מְבַטֶּלֶת \nלֹא מִיַּד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וְלֹא מִיַּד הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה. \n\n\n \n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nסַנְדָּל עִמְקִי, וְכִיס שֶׁלִּשְׁנָצוֹת, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף קְפֵיפָה מִצְרִית; \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאַף סַנְדָּל לַדִּיקִי כַיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמִּין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בָאֻמָּן. <מְטַמִּין וּמְטַהֲרִין> \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nוַהֲלֹא כָל הַכֵּלִים מִטַּמִּין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בָאֻמָּן? \nאֲבָל אֵלּוּ, אַף עַל פִּי מֻתָּרִין, \nטְמֵאִין, שֶׁהַהֶדְיוֹט יָכוֹל לְהַחְזִירָן. \nלֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בִקְפֵיפָה מִצְרִית, \nשֶׁאַף הָאֻמָּן אֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהַחְזִירָהּ. \n",
+ "ב\nכִּיס שֶׁלִּשְׁנָצוֹת שֶׁנִּטָּלוּ שְׁנָצָיו, טָמֵא; \nנִפְשַׁט, טָהוֹר. \nטָלָה עָלָיו מַטְלֵת מִלְּמַטָּן, טָמֵא. \nכִּיס בְּתוֹךְ כִּיס שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא אֶחָד מֵהֶן בְּמַשְׁקֶה, \nלֹא נִטַּמָּא חֲבֵרוֹ. \nצְרוֹר הַמַּרְגָלִית, טָמֵא. \nצְרוֹר הַמָּעוֹת, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \n",
+ "ג\nכַּף לוֹקְטֵי קוֹצִים, טְהוֹרָה. \nהַזּוֹן וְהַבַּרְכְּיָר, טְמֵאִין, \nוְהַשַּׁרְוָלִין, טְמֵאִין. \nוְהַפְּרַקְנֵימִין, טְהוֹרִין. \nוְכָל בֵּית אֶצְבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלַּקַּיָּצִים, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת הָאוֹג. \nנִקְרָעָה, \nאִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הָאוֹג, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n",
+ "ד\nסַנְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה אַחַת מֵאָזְנָיו, וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס; <טמא>\nנִפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה, וְתִקְּנָהּ, \nטָהֲרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס, <מחוק: טהור>\nאֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגָּע. <טמא> \nלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה \nעַד שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה, \nנִפְסַק עֲקֵבוֹ, \nנִטַּל חָטְמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, \nטָהוֹר. \nסֶלְיָם שֶׁנִּפְסַק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, <סוליים>\nטָהוֹר. \nמַנְעָל שֶׁנִּפְחַת, וְאֵינוּ מְקַבֵּל אֶת רֹב הָרֶגֶל, \nטָהוֹר. \nמַנְעָל שֶׁעַל הָאָמוּם, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַמִּין. \n\nה\nכָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלָּעַרְבִיִּים. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nצְרוֹר שָׁעָה, טְהוֹרוֹת. \nצְרוֹר עוֹלָם, טְמֵאוֹת. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת. \n",
+ "ו\nאֵלּוּ עוֹרוֹת טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס: \nעוֹר שֶׁחָשַׁב עָלָיו לַשָּׁטִיחַ, \nעוֹר סְקֻרְטְיָה, \nעוֹר קַטְבֻלְיָה, \nעוֹר הַחַמָּר, <הגהה מעל: עוֹר הַחֲמוֹר>\nעוֹר הַכַּתָּן, \nעוֹר הַכַּתָּף, <הַקֶּתֶף>\nעוֹר הָרוֹפֵא, \nעוֹר הָעֲרֵיסָה, \nעוֹר הַלֵּב שֶׁלְּקָטָן, \nעוֹר הַכַּר, \nוְעוֹר הַכֶּסֶת, \nמִדְרָס. \nעוֹר הַסָּרוֹק, \nוְעוֹר הַסּוֹרֵק, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמִדְרָס. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nטְמֵא מֵת. \n",
+ "ז\nעַב כְּסוּת, וְתַכְרִיךְ כְּסוּת, \nמִדְרָס. \nעַב אַרְגָּמָן, וְתַכְרִיךְ אַרְגָּמָן, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nמִדְרָס. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nטְמֵא מֵת. \nעוֹר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֲפוּי לַכֵּלִים, טָהוֹר, \nוְלַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, טָמֵא. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַהֵר מִשֵּׁם אָבִיו. \n",
+ "ח\nכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, \nהַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן. \nוְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, \nאֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן, \nאֶלָּא הָעַצְבָּה. <העוצבה>\n",
+ "ט\nעוֹרוֹת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, \nהַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן. \nוְשֶׁלָּעָבְּדָן, \nאֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן, \nוְשֶׁלַּגַּנָּב, \nהַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן. \nוְשֶׁלַּגָּזְלָן, \nאֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nחִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים: \nשֶׁל גַּזְלָן, \nהַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן. \nוְשֶׁל גַּנָּב, \nאֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמְּאַתָּן, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים. \n",
+ "י\nעוֹר שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, \nוְחָשַׁב עָלָיו לִרְצוּעוֹת הַסַּנְדַּלִּים, \nכֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ אֶת הָאַזְמֵל, \nטָהַר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד שֶׁיַּמְעִיטֶנּוּ פָחוּת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בִּרְבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָעוֹשֶׂה מִטְפַּחַת מִן הָעוֹר, \nטְמֵאָה, \nמִן הַכְּסָתוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם חֲמִשָּׁה שֵׁמוֹת, <מְטַמֵּא>\nהַסַּק מִשֵּׁם אַרְבָּעָה, \nהָעוֹר מִשֵּׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה, \nהָעֵץ מִשֵּׁם שְׁנַיִם, \nכְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. \nכְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. <מְטַמֵּא> \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלִי חֶרֶשׂ, \nאֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם. \n\nב\nמוֹסִיף עָלָיו הָעֵץ, <מוסף! גרסת הסופר מוסף, והנקדן ניקד מוסף>\nשֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם מוֹשָׁב. <מְטַמֵּא> \nוְכֵן טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, \nבִּכְלִי עֵץ, טְמֵאָה, \nוּבִכְלִי חֶרֶשׂ, טְהוֹרָה. \n\nג\nמוֹסִיף עָלָיו הָעוֹר, <מוסף>\nשֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם אֲהָלִים. <מְטַמֵּא> \nמוֹסִיף עָלָיו הַשַּׂק, <מוסף>\nשֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם אָרִיג. <מְטַמֵּא> \nמוֹסִיף עָלָיו הַבֶּגֶד, <מוסף>\nשֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם שָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ. \n",
+ "ד\nהַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה <מְטַמֵּא>\nלְמִדְרָס, \nוּמִשּׁוּם שָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ לִטְמֵא מֵת. \nהַשַּׂק, אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה, \nהָעוֹר, חֲמִשָּׁה עַל חֲמִשָּׁה, \nמַפָּץ, שִׁשָּׁה עַל שִׁשָּׁה, \nשָׁוִין לְמִדְרָס וְלִטְמֵא מֵת. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nהַשַּׂק, שִׁירָיו אַרְבָּעָה, \nוּתְחִלָּתוֹ מִשֶּׁיִּגָּמֵר. \n",
+ "ה\nהָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁנַיִם מִן הַבֶּגֶד וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, \nאַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַמַּפָּץ, \nטָהוֹר. \nחֲמִשָּׁה מִן הַמַּפָּץ וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, \nאַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הַבֶּגֶד, \nטָמֵא. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁחִבֵּר לוֹ מִן הֶחָמוּר מִמֶּנּוּ, טָמֵא, \nוּמִן הַקַּל מִמֶּנּוּ, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nהַמְקַצֵּעַ מִכֻּלָּם טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, \nטָמֵא. \nמִשּׁוּלֵי הַקֻּפָּה טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, \nטָמֵא. \nמִצִּדְדֵי הַקֻּפָּה, \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהַמְקַצֵּעַ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח בְּכָל מָקוֹם, \nטָמֵא. \n",
+ "ז\nבְּלוּיֵי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁהִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיְּקַצַּע. \nכִּסֵּא שֶׁלַּקָּטָן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רַגְלַיִם, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ גֹבַהּ טֶפַח, \nטָמֵא. \nחָלוּק שֶׁלַּקָּטָן, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ כַשֵּׁעוּר, \nוְנִמְדָּד כָּפוּל. \n",
+ "ח\nאֵלּוּ נִמְדָּדִין כְּפוּלִים: \nאֲנַפְלְיָה, <מחוק: אמפלייה> \nוּפִמְלַנְיָה, \nוּמִכְנְסַיִם, \nוְכוֹבַע, \nוְכִיס שֶׁלְּפֻנְדָּה. \nוּמַטְלֵית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַשָּׂפָה, \nאִם פְּשׁוּטָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת פְּשׁוּטָה, \nאִם כְּפוּלָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת כְּפוּלָה. \n",
+ "ט\nבֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, \nנִטַּמָּא מִדְרָס, \nוְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, \nנָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, \nטָהַר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \nנָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, \nטָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \n",
+ "י\nוְכֵן בֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ, \nנִטַּמָּא טְמֵא מֵת, \nוְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, \nנָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, \nטָהַר מִטְּמֵא מֵת, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. \nנָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, \nטָהוֹר. \n\nיא\nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמָרוּ: \nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁנִּתְמָעֲטָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nאֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּתְמָעַט, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהַר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nטָמֵא בְכָל הַטְּמָאוֹת. \n",
+ "יב\nסָדִין שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, \nוַעֲשָׂאוֹ וֵילָן, \nטָהַר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nוְכִי בְּאֵי זֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה? \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ זָב, \nטָמֵא מַגָּע זָב. \n",
+ "יג\nשְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק, \nטָהַר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nוְכִי בְּאֵי זֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה? \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, \nוְטָמֵא מַגָּע זָב. \n",
+ "יד\nשְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה בָאַשְׁפּוֹת, \nבָּרִיא וְצוֹרֵר מֶלַח, \nוּבַבַּיִת, \nאוֹ בָרִיא, אוֹ צוֹרֵר מֶלַח. \nכַּמָּה מֶלַח יְהֵא צוֹרֵר? \nרֹבַע. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nדַּקָּה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nגַּסָּה. \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nשָׁוִים שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה בָאַשְׁפּוֹת \nלְשָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁבַּבַּיִת. \n",
+ "יה\nשְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּקְרַע, \nאִם נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַכִּסֵּא, \nוּבְשָׂרוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בַּכִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר; \nוְאִם לָאו, טָמֵא. \nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁנִּמְהָה מִמֶּנָּה חוּט אֶחָד, \nאוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָהּ קֶשֶׁר, \nאוֹ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין מַתְאִימִין, טְהוֹרָה. \nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁהִשְׁלִיכָהּ בָּאַשְׁפּוֹת, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nאִם הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה. \nלְעוֹלָם הַשְׁלָכָתָהּ מְטַהֲרַתָּה, \nוַחֲזָרָתָהּ מְטַמְּאַתָּהּ, \nחוּץ מִשֶּׁלָּאַרְגָּמָן וְשֶׁלִּזְהוֹרִית טוֹבָה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מַטְלֵת חֲדָשָׁה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכֻּלָּם טְמֵאִין, \nלֹא הָזְכָּרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי הָשֵׁב אֲבֵדָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁנָּתְנָה בַכַּדּוּר, \nאוֹ שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כַּדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nאֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּתָּנוּ בַכַּדּוּר, \nטָמֵא. \nעֲשָׂאוֹ כַדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, \nטָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתָּפִיר מְמַעֲטוֹ. \n",
+ "ב\nפָּחוּת מִשְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה \nשֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָפֹק בּוֹ אֶת הַמַּרְחֵץ, \nלְנַעֵר בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, \nלְקַנַּח בּוֹ אֶת הָרֵחַיִם, \nבֵּין מִן מוּכָן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוּ מִן מוּכָן, \nטָמֵא. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nבֵּין מִן מוּכָן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוּ מִן מוּכָן, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nבְּמוּכָן, טָמֵא, \nוּבְשֶׁאֵינוּ מוּכָן, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ג\nהָעוֹשֶׂה אַסְפְּלָנִית, \nבֵּין בַּבֶּגֶד וּבֵין בָּעוֹר, \nטְהוֹרָה. \nמְלֻגְמָה, \nבַּבֶּגֶד, טְהוֹרָה, \nוּבָעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאַף בַּבֶּגֶד, טְמֵאָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִנְעֶרֶת. \n",
+ "ד\nמִטְפְּחוֹת סְפָרִים, \nבֵּין מְצֻיָּרוֹת וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינָן מְצֻיָּרוֹת, \nטְמֵאוֹת. \nדִּבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי. \nבֵּית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nמְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, \nוְשֶׁאֵינָן מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת. \n",
+ "ה\nכַּפָּח שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, \nוּנְתָנוֹ עַל הַסֵּפֶר, \nטָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, \nאֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. \nחֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ שָׁטִיחַ, \nוְשָׁטִיחַ שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, \nטָהוֹר. \nחֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ תָּרְמֵל, \nוְתָרְמֵל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, \nכַּר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ סָדִין, \nוְסָדִין שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ כַר, \nכֶּסֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ מִטְפַּחַת, \nוּמִטְפַּחַת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כֶּסֶת, \nטָמֵא. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁשִּׁנָּהוּ לִשְׁמוֹ, טָמֵא; \nלְשֵׁם אַחֵר, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ו\nמַטְלֵית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַקֻּפָּה, \nמְטַמָּא אֶחָד, וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. \nהִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַקֻּפָּה, \nהַקֻּפָּה מְטַמָּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד, \nוְהַמַּטְלֵית טְהוֹרָה. \nטְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, \nמְטַמָּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. \nהִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַבֶּגֶד, \nהַבֶּגֶד מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, \nוְהַמַּטְלֵית מְטַמָּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. \nוְכֵן הַטּוֹלֶה עַל הַשַּׂק, אוֹ עַל הָעוֹר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nעַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר, \nוְעַל הַשַּׂק, טָמֵא, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אָרִיג. \n",
+ "ז\nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁאָמָרוּ, \nחוּץ מִן הַמְּלָל. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nשָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ מְכֻוָּנוֹת. \nטְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, אֵינוּ חִבּוּר; \nמִשְּׁתֵי רוּחוֹת זוֹ כְנֶגֶד זוֹ, חִבּוּר. \nעֲשָׂאָהּ כְמִין גַּם, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nוַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבַּטַּלִּית, אֲבָל בֶּחָלוּק, \nמִלְמַעְלָן, חִבּוּר, וּמִלְּמַטָּן, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. \n",
+ "ח\nבִּגְדֵי עֲנִיִּים, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן שָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. \nטַלֵּית שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ לְקָרְעָהּ, \nכֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּקְרַע רֻבָּהּ, \nאֵינָה חִבּוּר. \nהֶעָבִים הָרַכִּים, \nאֵין בָּהֶן מִשֵּׁם שָׁלוֹשׁ עַל שָׁלוֹשׁ. \n",
+ "ט\nכֶּסֶת הַסַּבָּלִין, <הַסַּבַּלִּין>\nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \nמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁלַּיַּיִן, \nאֵין בָּהּ מִשֵּׁם מוֹשָׁב. \nשְׂבָכָה שֶׁלַּזְּקֵנָה, \nטְמֵאָה מִדְרָס מִשֵּׁם מוֹשָׁב. \nחָלוּק שֶׁלְּיוֹצְאוֹת הַחוּץ, \nהֶעָשׂוּי כִּשְׂבָכָה, \nטָהוֹר. \nהָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם, טָהוֹר; \nוּמִן הַזּוֹטוֹ, טָמֵא. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם וּכְפָלוֹ, \nטָמֵא. \n",
+ "י\nשְׂבָכָה שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִפִּיהָ, \nטְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת קָרְקָרְתָּהּ. \nהִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִקָּרְקָרְתָּהּ, \nטְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת פִּיהָ. \nשְׁבִיס שֶׁלָּהּ, \nטָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. \nחוּטִין שֶׁלָּהּ, \nטְמֵאִין מִשֵּׁם חִבּוּר. \nשְׂבָכָה שֶׁנִּקְרְעָה, \nאִם אֵינָה מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הַשֵּׂעָר, \nטְהוֹרָה. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nנוּמֵי הַסָּדִין וְהַסּוּדָרִין וְהַטַּרְטִין וְהַפַּלְיוֹן שֶׁלָּרֹאשׁ, \nשֵׁשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת; \nשֶׁלִּפְקַרְסִין, עֶשֶׂר. <אפיקרסין, סדין>\nנוּמֵי הַסָּגִי וְהָרָדִיד וְהֶחָלוּק וְהַטַּלֵּית, \nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. \nנוּמֵי הַכַּפָּח שֶׁלַּזְּקֵנָה, \nוְהַגֻּמְדִין שֶׁלָּעַרְבִיִּים, \nוְהַקֻּלְקִיס, וְהַפָּנְדָּה, \nוְהַמַּעְפֹּרֶת, וְהַפַּרְגּוֹד, \nנוּמֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n",
+ "ב\nשָׁלוֹשׁ כְּסָתוֹת שֶׁלַּצֶּמֶר, \nשֵׁשׁ שֶׁלַּפִּשְׁתָּן, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִים, \nשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה מִטְפָּחוֹת, \nשְׁנֵי סֻוְרִיקִין, \nחָלוּק אֶחָד, \nטַלֵּית אַחַת, \nוּקְלֻבְקָרִין אַחַת, \nחִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַהַזָּיָה; \nיָתֵר מִכֵּן, \nחִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה, וְאֵינוּ חִבּוּר לַהַזָּיָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה. \n",
+ "ג\nחוּט מִשְׁקֶלֶת, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר; \nשֶׁלֶּחָרָשִׁים, שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר; \nוְשֶׁלַּבַּנָּיִין, חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. \nיָתֵר מִכֵּן, \nאִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָהוֹר. \nוְשֶׁלַּסַּיָּדִים וְשֶׁלַּצַּיָּרִים, \nכָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n",
+ "ד\nחוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁלַּחַנְוָנִי, \nוְחוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁלִּזְהָבִים, \nוְשֶׁלְּשׁוֹקְלֵי אַרְגָּמָן טוֹב, \nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. \nיַד הַקָּרְדּוֹם מֵאַחֲרָיו, \nשָׁלוֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nטֶפַח, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ה\nחוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁלַּשֻּׁלְחָנִי, \nשֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nטֶפַח. \nיַד קָרְדּוֹם מִלְּפָנָיו, \nטֶפַח. \nשִׁירֵי יַד פַּרְגָּל, \nטֶפַח. \nיַד מַקֶּבֶת שֶׁלִּמְפַתְּחֵי אֲבָנִים, <שֶׁלְּמַפְתְּחֵי>\nטֶפַח. \n",
+ "ו\nחוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁלַּצַּמָּרִים, \nוְשֶׁלְּשׁוֹקְלֵי זְכוֹכִית, \nטִפְחַיִם. \nיַד הַמַּקּוֹר, \nטִפְחַיִם. \nיַד הַמַּעְצָד שֶׁלַּלִּגְיוֹנוֹת, \nטִפְחַיִם. \nיַד הַקָּרְנָס שֶׁלִּזְהָבִים, \nטִפְחַיִם; \nוְשֶׁלֶּחָרָשִׁין, \nשְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. \n",
+ "ז\nשִׁירֵי הַדָּרְבָן מִלְּמַעְלָן, אַרְבָּעָה. \nיַד הַבָּדִיד, יַד הַקָּרְדּוֹם שֶׁלַּנָּכִישׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה. \nיַד בֶּן הַפַּטִּישׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה; \nוְהַפַּטִּישׁ, שִׁשָּׁה. \nיַד קָרְדּוֹם שֶׁלַּבִּקּוּעַ וְשֶׁלֶּעָדִיר, שִׁשָּׁה. \nיַד מַקֶּבֶת, שִׁשָּׁה. \n",
+ "ח\nשִׁירֵי חַרְחוּר מִלְּמַטָּן, שִׁבְעָה. \nיַד מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁלְּבַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nשִׁבְעָה, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nשְׁמוֹנָה. \nוְשֶׁלַּסַּיָּדִין, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתִּשְׁעָה; \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nעֲשָׂרָה. \nיָתֵר מִכֵּן, אִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָמֵא. \nיַד מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הָאוּר, כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nכְּלֵי זְכוֹכִית, \nפְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. \nנִשְׁבָּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. \nחָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, \nמְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וְלַבָּא. \nהַטַּבְלָה וְהָאַסְקֻטְלָא שֶׁלִּזְכוֹכִית, טְהוֹרִין. \nאִם יֶשׁ לָהֶן לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאִין. \nוְשׁוּלֵי קְעָרָה וְשׁוּלֵי אַסְקֻטְלָא שֶׁלִּזְכוֹכִית \nשֶׁהִתְקִינָן לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְהוֹרִין. \nקִרְטְסָם, וְשָׁפָן בְּשׁוֹפִין, טְמֵאִין. \n",
+ "ב\nסְפַקְלַרְיָה, טְהוֹרָה. \nוְתַמְחוּי שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ סְפַקְלַרְיָה, טָמֵא. \nוְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה עֲשָׂאוֹ לְשֵׁם סְפֶקְלַרְיָה, טָהוֹר. \nתַּרְוָד שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, \nאִם מְקַבֵּל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, טָמֵא, \nוְאִם לָאו, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא, \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. \n",
+ "ג\nכּוֹס שֶׁנִּפְגַּם רֻבּוֹ, שָׁלוֹשׁ בְּרֻבּוֹ, \nטָהוֹר; \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאִם מְפַזֵּר הוּא אֶת רֹב הַמַּיִם, \nטָהוֹר. \nנִקַּב, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּין בַּבַּעַץ בֵּין בַּזֶּפֶת, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nבַּבַּעַץ, טָמֵא, \nוּבַזֶּפֶת, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ד\nצְלוֹחִית קְטַנָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה; \nשֶׁלְּפִלְיָטוֹס שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹרַחַת אֶת הַיָּד. \nלָגִינִין גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהֶם, טְמֵאִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַתְקִינָן לִכְבָשִׁין. \nוְאַרְפַּקְס שֶׁלִּזְכוֹכִית, טְהוֹרָה. \n\nה\nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \n\"אַשְׁרֵיךְ כֵּלִים, \nשֶׁנִּכְנְסַת בְּטֻמְאָה, \nוְיָצָאת בְּטַהֲרָה!\"\n\n\n\n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9445a88df4bd2fadfbdd8562f2ecf6caab986c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "אבות הטומאות. השרץ. ושכבת זרע. וטמא מת. והמצורע בימי ספרו. ומי חטאת שאין בהם כדי הזייה. הרי אלו מטמאין אדם וכלים במגע. וכלי חרש באויר. ואינם מטמאין במשא: ",
+ "למעלה מהם נבילה. ומי חטאת שיש בהם כדי הזייה. שהם מטמאין את האדם במשא. לטמא בגדים (במגע) וחשוכי בגדים במגע: ",
+ "למעלה מהן בועל נדה. שהוא מטמא משכב תחתון כעליון. למעלה מהן. זובו של זב. ורוקו. ושכבת זרעו. ומימי רגליו. ודם הנדה. שהן מטמאין במגע ובמשא למעלה מהן מרכב. שהוא מטמא תחת אבן מסמא. למעלה מן המרכב משכב. ששוה מגעו למשאו. למעלה מן המשכב. הזב. שהזב עושה משכב. ואין משכב עושה משכב: ",
+ "למעלה מן הזב. זבה. שהיא מטמאה את בועלה. למעלה מן הזבה. מצורע. שהוא מטמא בביאה. למעלה מן המצורע. עצם כשעורה. שהוא מטמא טומאת שבעה חמור מכולם. המת. שהוא מטמא באהל מה שאין כולם מטמאין: ",
+ "עשר טומאות פורשות מן האדם מחוסר כפורים אסור בקדש ומותר בתרומה ובמעשר חזר להיות טבול יום אסור בקדש ובתרומה ומותר במעשר חזר להיות בעל קרי אסור בשלשתן. חזר להיות בועל נדה מטמא משכב תחתון כעליון. חזר להיות זב שראה שתי ראיות. מטמא משכב ומושב. וצריך ביאת מים חיים. ופטור מן הקרבן. ראה שלש חייב בקרבן. חזר להיות מצורע מוסגר. מטמא בביאה. ופטור מן הפריעה ומן הפרימה ומן התגלחת ומן הצפרים. ואם היה מוחלט חייב בכולן. פירש ממנו אבר שאין עליו בשר כראוי. מטמא במגע ובמשא ואינו מטמא באהל. ואם יש עליו בשר כראוי. מטמא במגע ובמשא ובאהל. שיעור בשר כראוי. כדי להעלות ארוכה. רבי יהודה אומר אם יש במקום אחד. כדי להקיפו בחוט ערב יש בו להעלות ארוכה: ",
+ "עשר קדושות הן. ארץ ישראל מקודשת מכל הארצות. ומה היא קדושתה. שמביאים ממנה העומר והבכורים ושתי הלחם. מה שאין מביאים כן מכל הארצות: ",
+ "עיירות המוקפות חומה מקודשות ממנה. שמשלחים מתוכן את המצורעים. ומסבבין לתוכן מת עד שירצו.. יצא אין מחזירין אותו: ",
+ "לפנים מן החומה מקודש מהם. שאוכלים שם קדשים קלים ומעשר שני. הר הבית מקודש ממנו. שאין זבים וזבות נדות ויולדות נכנסים לשם. החיל מקודש ממנו. שאין עובדי כוכבים וטמא מת נכנסים לשם. עזרת נשים מקודשת ממנו. שאין טבול יום נכנס לשם. ואין חייבים עליה חטאת. עזרת ישראל מקודשת ממנה. שאין מחוסר כפורים נכנס לשם. וחייבין עליה חטאת. עזרת הכהנים מקודשת ממנה. שאין ישראל נכנסים לשם. אלא בשעת צרכיהם. לסמיכה. לשחיטה. לתנופה: ",
+ "בין האולם ולמזבח מקודש ממנה. שאין בעלי מומין ופרועי ראש נכנסים לשם. ההיכל מקודש ממנו. שאין נכנס לשם שלא רחוץ ידים ורגלים. קדש הקדשים מקודש מהם. שאין נכנס לשם אלא כהן גדול ביום הכפורים. בשעת העבודה. אמר רבי יוסי בחמשה דברים. בין האולם ולמזבח שוה להיכל. שאין בעלי מומין. ופרועי ראש. ושתויי יין. ושלא רחוץ ידים ורגלים נכנסים לשם. ופורשין מבין האולם ולמזבח. בשעת הקטרה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כלי עץ. וכלי עור. וכלי עצם. וכלי זכוכית פשוטיהן טהורים. ומקבליהן טמאים. נשברו טהרו. חזר ועשה מהם כלים. מקבלין טומאה מיכן ולהבא. כלי חרס וכלי נתר טומאתן שוה. מיתטמאין ומטמאין באויר. ומיטמאין מאחוריהן. ואינן מיטמאין מגביהן ושבירתן היא טהרתן: ",
+ "הדקין שבכלי חרס. וקרקרותיהן. ודפנותיהן יושבין שלא מוסמכין. שיעורן מכדי סיכת קטן ועד לוג. מלוג ועד סאה. ברביעית. מסאה ועד סאתים. בחצי לוג. מסאתים ועד שלש ועד חמש סאין. בלוג. דברי רבי ישמעאל. רבי עקיבא אומר אני איני נותן בהן מדה. אלא הדקין שבכלי חרס. וקרקרותיהן. ודפנותיהן. יושבין שלא מסומכין. שיעורן מכדי סיכת קטן ועד קדירות הדקות. מהקדירות הדקות ועד חביות לודיות. ברביעית. מלודיות ועד לחמיות בחצי לוג. מלחמיות ועד חצבים גדולים. בלוג. רבן יוחנן בן זכאי אומר. חצבים גדולים שיעורן בשני לוגין. הפכים הגלילים והחביונות. שיעור קרקרותיהן כל שהן. ואין להם דפנות: ",
+ "הטהורין שבכלי חרס טבלה שאין לה לזביז. ומחתה פרוצה. ואבוב של קלאין. וסילונות. אף על פי כפופין. אף על פי מקבלין. וכבכב שעשאו לסל הפת. וטפי שהתקינו לענבים. וחבית של שייטין. וחבית דפונה בשולי המחץ. והמטה. והכסא. והספסל. והשלחן. והספינה. והמנורה של חרס. הרי אלו טהורים. זה הכלל כל שאין לו תוך בכלי חרס אין לו אחוריים: ",
+ "פנס שיש בו בית קבול שמן. טמא. ושאין בו. טהור. מגופת היוצרין. שהוא פותח בה. טהורה. ושהוא גומר בה טמאה. משפך של בעלי בתים. טהור. ושל רוכלין טמא. מפני שהוא של מדה. דברי ר' יהודה בן בתירא. ר' עקיבא אומר מפני שהוא מטהו על צדו. ומריח בו ללוקח: ",
+ "כסוי כדי יין. וכדי שמן וכסוי חביות ניירות. טהורין. ואם התקינו לתשמיש טמאים. כסוי הלפס. בזמן שהוא נקוב ויש לו חדוד. טהור. אם אינו נקוב. ואין לו חדוד. טמא. מפני שהיא מסננת לתוכו את הירק. רבי אליעזר בר צדוק אומר מפני שהיא הופכת עליו את הרונקי: ",
+ "גסטרא. שנמצאת בכבשן. עד שלא נגמרה מלאכתה. טהורה. משנגמרה מלאכתה טמאה. טיטרוס ר' אליעזר בר צדוק מטהר. רבי יוסי מטמא מפני שהוא כמוציא פרוטות: ",
+ "הטמאין שבכלי חרס. טבלה שיש לה לזביז. ומחתה שלמה. וטבלא. שהיא מלאה קערות. נטמאת אחת מהם בשרץ. לא נטמאו כולם. אם יש לה לזביז עודף. נטמאה אחת מהם נטמאו כולן. וכן בית תבלין של חרס וקלמרים המתואמות. ובית תבלין של עץ שנטמא אחד במשקה. לא נטמא חבירו. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר חולקין את עוביו. המשמש לטמא טמא. המשמש לטהור. טהור. אם יש לו לזביז עודף. נטמא אחד מהם נטמא חבירו: ",
+ "הלפיד. טמא. ובית שקעו של נר. מטמא באויר. המסרק של צרצור. רבי אליעזר מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שיעור כלי חרס ליטהר. העשוי לאוכלין. שיעורו בזיתים. העשוי למשקין. שיעורו במשקין. העשוי לכך ולכך. מטילין אותו לחומרו בזיתים: ",
+ "חבית שיעורה בגרוגרות. דברי ר' שמעון. רבי יהודה אומר באגוזים. ר' מאיר אומר בזיתים הלפס. והקדירה שיעורן בזיתים. הפך והטפי שיעורן בשמן והצרצור שיעורו במים. ר' שמעון אומר שלשתן בזרעונים. נר שיעורו בשמן ר' אליעזר אומר בפרוטה קטנה. נר שניטל פיו. טהור. ושל אדמה שהוסק פיו בפתילה טהור: ",
+ "חבית שניקבה. ועשאה בזפת ונשברה. אם יש במקום הזפת מחזיק רביעית. טמאה. מפני שלא בטל שם כלי מעליה. חרס שניקב ועשאו בזפת אף על פי מחזיק רביעית. טהור מפני שבטל שם כלי מעליו: ",
+ "חבית שנתרועעה. וטפלה בגללים אף על פי שהוא נוטל את הגללים והחרסים נופלים טמאה. מפני שלא בטל שם כלי מעליה. נשברה ודבק ממנה חרסית. או שהביא חרסית ממקום אחר וטפלן בגללים. אף על פי שהוא נוטל הגללים והחרסין עומדים. טהורה. מפני שבטל שם כלי מעליה. היה בה חרס מחזיק רביעית. כולה מטמא במגע וכנגדו מטמא באויר: ",
+ "הטופל כלי חרס הבריא. רבי מאיר ורבי שמעון מטמאים. וחכמים אומרים הטופל את הבריא טהור. ואת הרעוע טמא. וכן בחידוק הקרויה: ",
+ "יבלית שטופלין בה הפטסין. הנוגע בה טמא. מגופת חבית אינה חיבור. הנוגע בטפולו של תנור. טמא: ",
+ "מיחם שטפלו בחומר ובחרסית. הנוגע בחומר טמא. ובחרסית טהור. קומקום שניקב ועשאו בזפת. ר' יוסי מטהר שאינו יכול לקבל את החמין כצונן. וכן היה אומר בכלי זפת. כלי נחשת שזפתן טהורין. ואם ליין טמאין: ",
+ "חבית שנקבה ועשאה בזפת יתר מצרכה. הנוגע בצרכה טמא. יתר מצרכה טהור. זפת שנטפה על החבית. הנוגע בה טהור. משפך של עץ ושל חרס שפקקו בזפת. ר' אלעזר בן עזריה מטמא. ר' עקיבא מטמא בשל עץ ומטהר בשל חרס. רבי יוסי מטהר בשניהם: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "החרס שאינו יכול לעמוד מפני אזנו. או שהיה בו חדוד והחדוד מכריעו. טהור. נטלה האוזן. נשבר החדוד. טהור. רבי יהודה מטמא. חבית שנפחתה. והיא מקבלת על דפנותיה. או שנחלקה כמין שתי עריבות. רבי יהודה מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין: ",
+ "חבית שנתרועע' ואינה יכולה להטלטל בחצי קב גרוגרות. טהורה. גיסטרא שנתרועעה ואינה מקבלת משקין. אף על פי שהיא מקבלת אוכלין טהורה. (ספרים אחרים) שאין שירין לשירין: ",
+ "איזו היא גיסטרא. כל שניטלו אזניה. היו בה חדודים יוצאין. כל המקבל עמה בזיתים מטמא במגע. וכנגדו מטמא באויר. וכל שאינו מקבל עמה בזיתים. מטמא במגע. ואין כנגדו מטמא באויר. היתה מוטה על צדה כמין קתדרה. כל המקבל עמה בזיתים מטמא במגע. וכנגדו מטמא באויר. וכל שאינו מקבל עמה בזיתים. מטמא במגע. ואין כנגדו מטמא באויר. שולי קורפיות ושולי קוסים הצידוניים. אף על פי שאינם יכולים לישב שלא מסומכין. טמאין שלכך נעשו מתחילתן: ",
+ "כלי חרש שיש לו שלש שפיות. הפנימית עודפת. הכל טהור. החיצונה עודפת. הכל טמא. האמצעית עודפת. ממנה ולפנים טמא. ממנה ולחוץ טהור. היו שוות ר' יהודה אומר חולקין האמצעית וחכמים אומרים הכל טהור. כלי חרס מאימתי מקבלין טומאה. משיצרפו בכבשן. והיא גמר מלאכתן: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "תנור תחלתו ארבעה ושיריו ארבעה דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים במה דברים אמורים בגדול אבל בקטן תחלתו כל שהוא ושיריו רובו. משתגמר מלאכתו. איזהו גמר מלאכתו. משיסיקנו כדי לאפות בו סופגנין. רבי יהודה אומר משיסיק את החדש כדי לאפות בישן סופגנין: ",
+ "כירה תחלתה שלש. ושיריה שלש. משתגמר מלאכתה. איזוהי גמר מלאכתה משיסיקנה כדי לבשל עליה ביצה קלה שבביצים. טרופה ונתונה באלפס. הכופח עשאו לאפייה שיעורו כתנור. עשאו לבשול. שיעורו ככירה. האבן היוצא מן התנור טפח ומן הכירה שלש אצבעות. חבור. היוצא מן הכופח. עשאו לאפייה. שיעורו כתנור. עשאו לבשול. שיעורו ככירה. אמר רבי יהודה לא אמרו טפח. אלא בין התנור ולכותל. היו שני תנורין סמוכים זה לזה. נותן לזה טפח ולזה טפח והשאר טהור: ",
+ "עטרת כירה טהורה. טירת התנור בזמן שהיא גבוהה ארבעה טפחים מטמאה במגע ובאויר. פחותה מכאן. טהורה. אם חברה לו אפילו על שלש אבנים טמאה. בית הפך ובית התבלין ובית הנר שבכירה. מטמאין במגע ואינן מטמאין באויר דברי רבי מאיר. רבי ישמעאל מטהר: ",
+ "תנור שהוסק מאחוריו. או שהוסק שלא לדעתו. או שהוסק בבית האומן טמא. מעשה שנפלה דליקה בתנורי כפר סגנה. ובא מעשה ליבנה. וטימאן רבן גמליאל: ",
+ "מוסף התנור. של בעלי בתים טהור. ושל נחתומין טמא מפני שהוא סומך עליו את השפוד. רבי יוחנן הסנדלר אומר מפני שהוא אופה בו כשהוא נדחק. כיוצא בו מוסף היורה של שולקי זיתים. טמא. ושל צבעים. טהור: ",
+ "תנור שנתן בו עפר עד חציו. מעפר ולמטן מטמא במגע. מעפר ולמעלן מטמא באויר. נתנו. על פי הבור. או על פי הדות. ונתן שם אבן. ר' יהודה אומר אם מסיק מלמטן והוא נסוק מלמעלן טמא. וחכמים אומרים הואיל והוסק מכל מקום. טמא: ",
+ "תנור שנטמא כיצד מטהרין אותו. חולקו לשלשה וגורר את הטפלה עד שיהא בארץ. ר' מאיר אומר אינו צריך לגרור את הטפלה ולא עד שיהא בארץ אלא ממעטו מבפנים ארבעה טפחים. ר' שמעון אומר וצריך להסיעו. חלקו לשנים אחד גדול ואחד קטן. הגדול טמא. והקטן טהור. חלקו לשלשה. אחד גדול כשנים. הגדול טמא. ושנים הקטנים טהורין: ",
+ "חתכו חוליות לרחבו. פחות מארבעה טפחים. טהור. מרחו בטיט. מקבל טומאה משיסיקנו כדי לאפות בו סופגנין. הרחיק ממנו את הטפלה ונתן חול או צרור בינתיים. בזה אמרו הנדה והטהורה אופות בו. והוא טהור: ",
+ "תנור שבא מחותך מבית האומן. ועשה בו למודין. ונותנן עליו. והוא טהור. נטמא וסילק את למודיו טהור. החזירן לו טהור. מרחו בטיט מקבל טומאה. ואין צריך להסיקנו. שכבר הוסק: ",
+ "חתכו חוליות ונתן חול בין חוליא לחוליא. ר' אליעזר מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין. זה תנורו של עכנאי. יורות הערביין שהוא חופר בארץ וטח בטיט אם יכול הטיח לעמוד בפני עצמו טמא. ואם לאו טהור. וזה תנורו של בן דינאי: ",
+ "תנור של אבן. ושל מתכת. טהור. וטמא משום כלי מתכות. ניקב. נפגם. נסדק. עשה לו טפלה. או מוסף של טיט. טמא. כמה יהא בנקב כדי שיצא בו האור. וכן בכירה. כירה של אבן. ושל מתכת. טהורה. וטמאה משום כלי מתכות. נקבה. נפגמה. נסדקה. עשה לה פטפוטין טמאה. מרחה בטיט. בין מבפנים בין מבחוץ טהורה. רבי יהודה אומר מבפנים טמאה ומבחוץ טהורה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "העושה שלשה פטפוטים בארץ. וחברן בטיט להיות שופת עליהן את הקדירה. טמאה. קבע שלשה מסמרין בארץ להיות שופת עליהן הקדרה. אף על פי שעשה בראשו מקום שתהא הקדרה יושבת. טהורה. העושה שתי אבנים כירה. וחברם בטיט. טמאה. רבי יהודה מטהר עד שיעשה שלישית. או עד שיסמוך לכותל אחת בטיט ואחת שלא בטיט. טהורה: ",
+ "האבן שהיה שופת עליה ועל התנור. עליה ועל הכירה. עליה ועל הכופח. טמאה. עליה ועל האבן. עליה ועל הסלע עליה ועל הכותל. טהורה. וזו היתה כירת הנזירים שבירושלים שכנגד הסלע. כירת הטבחים. בזמן שהוא נותן אבן בצד אבן. נטמאת אחת מהם לא נטמאו כולן: ",
+ "שלש אבנים שעשאן שתי כירים. נטמאת אחת מן החיצונה. האמצעית המשמשת את הטמאה טמאה. המשמשת הטהורה טהורה. ניטלה הטהורה. הוחלטה האמצעית לטומאה. ניטלה הטמאה הוחלטה האמצעית לטהורה. נטמאו שתים החיצונות. אם היתה האמצעית גדולה. נותן לזו כדי שפיתה מכאן. ולזו כדי שפיתה מכאן. והשאר טהור. ואם היתה קטנה הכל טמא. ניטלה האמצעית. אם יכול לשפות עליה יורה גדולה. טמאה. החזירה. טהורה. מירחה בטיט. מקבלת טומאה משיסיקנה כדי לבשל עליה את הביצה: ",
+ "שתי אבנים שעשאם כירה. ונטמאו. סמך לזו אבן אחת מכאן. ולזו אבן אחת מכאן. חציה של זו טמאה וחציה טהורה. וחציה של זו טמאה וחציה טהורה. ניטלו טהורות. חזרו אלו לטומאתן: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הקלתות של בעלי הבתים שנפחתה פחות משלשה טפחים. טמאה. שהוא מסיק מלמטן וקדירה בשלה מלמעלן. יתר מכאן טהורה. נתן אבן או צרור. טהורה. מרחה בטיט מקבלת טומאה מכאן ולהבא. זו היתה תשובת ר' יהודה בתנור שנתנו על פי הבור או על פי הדות: ",
+ "דכון שיש בו בית קבול קדירות. טהור משום כירה וטמא משום כלי קבול. הצדדין שלו. הנוגע בהם אינו טמא משום כירה. הרחב שלו. רבי מאיר מטהר. ורבי יהודה מטמא. וכן הכופה את הסל ועושה על גביו כירה: ",
+ "כירה שנחלקה לארכה. טהורה. ולרחבה טמאה. כופח שנחלק. בין לארכו בין לרחבו. טהור. חצר הכירה בזמן שהיא גבוהה שלש אצבעות. מטמאה במגע ובאויר. פחותה מכאן. מטמאה במגע ואינה מטמאה באויר. כיצד משערין אותה. ר' ישמעאל אומר נותן את השפוד מלמעלן למטן. וכנגדו מטמאה באויר. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. נטמאה הכירה. נטמאת החצר. נטמאה החצר. לא נטמאת הכירה: ",
+ "היתה מופרשת מן הכירה. בזמן שהיא גבוהה שלש אצבעות מטמא במגע ובאויר. פחותה מכאן או שהיתה חלקה. טהורה. פטפוטי כירה שלשה. של שלש אצבעות. מטמאים במגע ובאויר. פחות מכאן. כל שכן הן טמאים. ואפילו הן ארבעה: ",
+ "ניטל אחד מהן. מטמאין במגע ואינם מטמאים באויר. דברי ר' מאיר. ר' שמעון מטהר. עשה שנים זה כנגד זה. מטמאין במגע ובאויר. דברי רבי מאיר. רבי שמעון מטהר. היו גבוהין משלש אצבעות. משלש ולמטן. מטמאים במגע ובאויר. משלש ולמעלן מטמאין במגע. ואינן מטמאין באויר. דברי ר' מאיר. ר' שמעון מטהר. היו משוכים מן השפה. בתוך שלש אצבעות. מטמאים במגע ובאויר. חוץ משלש אצבעות. מטמאים במגע. ואינם מטמאים באויר. דברי ר' מאיר. ר' שמעון מטהר: ",
+ "כיצד משערין אותן. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר נותן את הכנה ביניהן. מן הכנה ולחוץ טהור. מן הכנה ולפנים ומקום הכנה טמא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "התנור שחצצו בנסרים. או ביריעות. נמצא שרץ במקום אחד הכל טמא. כוורת פחותה ופקוקה בקש. ומשולשלת לאויר התנור. השרץ בתוכה. התנור טמא. השרץ בתנור. אוכלין שבתוכה טמאין. ור' אליעזר מטהר. אמר ר' אליעזר אם הצילה במת החמור. אל תציל בכלי חרס הקל. אמרו לו אם הצילה במת החמור. שכן חולקים אהלים. תציל בכלי חרס הקל. שאין חולקים כלי חרס: ",
+ "היתה שלימה. וכן הקופה. וכן החמת. השרץ בתוכה. התנור טהור. השרץ בתנור אוכלין שבתוכה טהורין. נקבו. העשוי לאוכלין שיעורן בזיתים. העשוי למשקין שיעורן במשקים. העשוי לכך ולכך. מטילים אותו לחומרו. בכונס משקה: ",
+ "סרידה. שהיא נתונה על פי התנור. ושוקעת לתוכו ואין לה גפיים. השרץ בתוכה. התנור טמא. השרץ בתנור. אוכלים שבתוכה טמאין. שאין מצילין מיד כלי חרס אלא כלים. חבית שהיא מלאה משקין טהורין. ונתונה למטה מנחושתו של תנור. השרץ בתנור. החבית והמשקין טהורין. היתה כפויה. ופיה לאויר התנור. השרץ בתנור. משקה טופח שבשולי החבית טהור: ",
+ "קדירה שהיא נתונה בתנור. השרץ בתנור הקדירה טהורה. שאין כלי חרס מטמא כלים. היה בה משקה טופח נטמא וטמאה. הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני. ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "תרנגול שבלע את השרץ. ונפל לאויר התנור. טהור. ואם מת טמא. השרץ שנמצא בתנור. הפת שבתוכו שניה. שהתנור תחלה: ",
+ "בית שאור מוקף צמיד פתיל. ונתון לתוך התנור. השאור והשרץ בתוכו. והקרץ בינתים. התנור טמא. והשאור טהור. ואם היה כזית מן המת. התנור והבית טמא. והשאור טהור. אם יש שם פותח טפח הכל טמא: ",
+ "השרץ שנמצא בעין של תנור. בעין של כירה. בעין של כופח. מן השפה הפנימית ולחוץ. טהור. ואם היה באויר. אפילו כזית מן המת. טהור. ואם יש שם פותח טפח. הכל טמא: ",
+ "נמצא מקום הנחת העצים. רבי יהודה אומר מן השפה החיצונה ולפנים טמא. וחכמים אומרים משפה הפנימית ולחוץ טהור. ר' יוסי אומר מכנגד שפיתת הקדירה ולפנים טמא. מכנגד שפיתת הקדירה ולחוץ טהור. נמצא מקום ישיבת הבלן. מקום ישיבת הצבע. מקום ישיבת של שולקי זיתים. טהור. אין טמא אלא מן הסתימה ולפנים: ",
+ "בור שיש בו בית שפיתה. טמא. ושל עושי זכוכית. אם יש בו בית שפיתה. טמא. כבשן של סיידין. ושל זגגין. ושל יוצרים. טהורה. פורנה. אם יש לה ליזבז. טמאה. ר' יהודה אומר אם יש לה אסטגיות. רבן גמליאל אומר. אם יש לה שפיות: ",
+ "מגע טמא מת. שהיו אוכלין ומשקין לתוך פיו. הכניס ראשו לאויר התנור טהור טמאוהו. וטהור שהיה אוכלין ומשקין לתוך פיו. והכניס ראשו לאויר התנור טמא נטמאו. היה אוכל דבילה בידים מסואבות. הכניס ידו לתוך פיו ליטול את הצרור. ר' מ איר מטמא. ר' יהודה מטהר. רבי יוסי אומר אם הפך טמא. אם לא הפך טהור. היה פונדיון לתוך פיו רבי יוסי אומר אם לצמאו טמא: ",
+ "האשה שנטף חלב מדדיה ונפל לאויר התנור. טמא. שהמשקה מטמא לרצון ושלא לרצון. היתה גורפתו. והכתה הקוץ. ויצא ממנה דם. או שנכוה ונתנה אצבעה לתוך פיה. נטמא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "מחט או טבעת שנמצאו בנחושתו של תנור. נראין. אבל לא יוצאים. אם אופה את הבצק והוא נוגע בהן טמא. באי זה בצק אמרו. בבצק הבינוני. נמצאו בטפילת התנור. מוקף צמיד פתיל. אם בטמא טמאין. ואם בטהור טהורים. נמצאו במגופת החבית. מצדיה טמאים. מכנגד פיה טהורים. נראין בתוכה אבל לא לאוירה. טהורין. שוקעים בתוכה. ותחתיהם כקליפת השום. טהורין: ",
+ "חבית שהיא מלאה משקין טהורין. ומניקת בתוכה. מוקפת צמיד פתיל. ונתונה באהל המת. בית שמאי אומרים החבית והמשקין טהורין ומניקת טמאה ובית הלל אומרים אף מניקת טהורה. חזרו בית הלל להורות כדברי בית שמאי: ",
+ "השרץ שנמצא למטה מנחושתו של תנור. טהור. שאני אומר חי נפל ועכשיו מת. מחט או טבעת שנמצאו למטה מנחושתו של תנור. טהור. שאני אומר שם היו עד שלא בא התנור. נמצאו באפר מקלה טמא. שאין לו במה יתלה: ",
+ "ספוג שבלע משקין טמאין ונגוב מבחוץ. ונפל לאויר התנור. טמא. שסוף משקה לצאת. וכן חתיכה של לפת ושל גמי. רבי שמעון מטהר בשני אלו: ",
+ "חרסין שנשתמש בהן משקין טמאין. ונפלו לאויר התנור. הוסק התנור טמא. שסוף משקה לצאת. וכן בגפת חדשה אבל בישנה טהור. ואם ידוע שיוצא מהן משקין. אפילו לאחר שלש שנים. נטמא: ",
+ "הגפת והזגין שנעשו בטהרה. והלכו עליהם טמאים. ואחר כך יצאו מהן משקין. טהורין. שמתחלתן נעשו בטהרה. כוש שבלע את הצינורא. מלמד שבלע את הדרבן. לבינה שבלעה את הטבעת. והן טהורים. נכנסו לאהל המת נטמאו. הסיטן הזב נטמאו. נפלו לאויר התנור טהור. טמאוהו. נגע בהן ככר של תרומה. טהור: ",
+ "סרידה שהיא נתונה על פי התנור מוקף צמיד פתיל. נסדק מן התנור לסרידה. שעורו מלא פי מרדע שלא נכנס. רבי יהודה אומר נכנס. נסדקה סרידה שעורו כמלא פי מרדע נכנס. רבי יהודה אומר שלא נכנס. היה עגול אין רואין אותו ארוך. אלא שיעורו כמלא פי מרדע נכנס: ",
+ "תנור שניקב מעינו. שיעורו מלא כוש. נכנס ויוצא דולק. רבי יהודה אומר שלא דולק. ניקב מצדו. שיעורו כמלא כוש. נכנס ויוצא שלא דולק. ר' יהודה אומר דולק. ר' שמעון אומר מן האמצע נכנס. מן הצד אינו נכנס. וכן היה אומר במגופת החבית שניקבה. שיעורה מלא מיצה שנייה של שיפון. מן האמצע נכנס. מן הצד אינו נכנס. וכן היה אומר בחצבים גדולים שנקבו. שיעורם מלא מיצה שנייה של קנה. מן האמצע נכנס. מן הצד אינו נכנס. במה דברים אמורים בזמן שנעשו ליין אבל אם נעשו לשאר משקין. אפילו כל שהוא טמאים. במה דברים אמורים בזמן שלא נעשו בידי אדם. אבל אם נעשו בידי אדם. אפילו כל שהוא טמאים. ניקבו. העשוי לאוכלים שיעורן בזיתים. העשוי למשקים שיעורן במשקים. העשוי לכך ולכך. מטילים אותו לחומרו. בצמיד פתיל. ובכונס משקה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "אלו כלים מצילין בצמיד פתיל. כלי גללים. כלי אבנים. כלי אדמה. כלי חרס. וכלי נתר. עצמות הדג ועורו. עצמות חיה שבם ועורה. וכלי עץ הטהורים מצילים. בין מפיהם. בין מצידיהן. בין יושבין על שוליהן. בין מוטין על צדיהן. היו כפויים על פיהן. מצילים כל שתחתיהן עד התהום. רבי אליעזר מטמא. על הכל מצילין חוץ מכלי חרס שאינו מציל. אלא על האוכלים ועל המשקין. ועל כלי חרס: ",
+ "במה מקיפים בסיד ובגפסיס בזפת ובשעוה בטיט ובצואה בחומר ובחרסית. ובכל דבר המתמרח. אין מקיפים לא בבעץ. ולא בעופרת. מפני שהוא פתיל ואינו צמיד. אין מקיפין לא בדבילה שמינה. ולא בבצק שנילוש במי פירות שלא יביאנו לידי פסול. ואם הקיף הציל: ",
+ "מגופת החבית המחולחלת. ואינה נשמטת. ר' יהודה אומר מצלת. וחכמים אומרים אינה מצלת. היה בית אצבע שלה שוקע בתוכה. השרץ בתוכה החבית טמאה. השרץ בחבית. אוכלין שבתוכה טמאים: ",
+ "הכדור. והפקעת של גמי שנתנן על פי החבית. אם מירח מן הצדדין. לא הציל. עד שימרח מלמעלן ומלמטן. וכן במטלית של בגד. היתה של נייר. או של עור. וקשרה במשיחה. אם מירח מן הצדדין הציל: ",
+ "חבית שנתקלפה והזפת שלה עומדת. וכן קבוסים של מורייס. שגפתן עם השפה. רבי יהודה אומר אינם מצילין. וחכמים אומרים מצילין: ",
+ "חבית שניקבה. וסתמוה שמרים. הצילוה. פקקה בזמורה. עד שימרח מן הצדדים. היו שתים. עד שימרח מן הצדדין ובין זמורה לחברתה. נסר שהוא נתון על פי התנור. אם מירח מן הצדדין הציל. היו שנים. עד שימרח מן הצדדין ובין נסר לחברו. עשאן בסינין. או בשוגמין. אינו צריך למרח מן האמצע: ",
+ "תנור ישן בתוך החדש. וסרידה על פי הישן. ניטל הישן וסרידה נופלת. הכל טמא. ואם לאו הכל טהור. חדש בתוך הישן וסרידה על פי הישן. אם אין בין חדש לסרידה פותח טפח. כל שבחדש טהור: ",
+ "לפסין זו בתוך זו. ושפתותיהן שוות. השרץ בעליונה או בתחתונה. היא טמאה וכולן טהורות. היו בכונס משקה. השרץ בעליונה כולן טמאות. בתחתונה. היא טמאה וכולן טהורות. השרץ בעליונה. והתחתונה עודפת. היא והתחתונה טמאה. בעליונה והתחתונה עודפת. כל שיש בה משקה טופח. טמאה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כלי מתכות. פשוטיהן ומקבליהן. טמאין. נשברו טהרו. חזר ועשה מהן כלי חזרו לטומאתן הישנה. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר. לא לכל טומאה. אלא לטומאת הנפש: ",
+ "כל כלי מתכות שיש לו שם בפני עצמו. טמא. חוץ מן הדלת. ומן הנגר ומן המנעול. והפותה שתחת הציר והציר והקורה והצינור שנעשו לקרקע: ",
+ "העושה כלים מן העשת. ומן החררה. ומן הסובב של גלגל. ומן הטסין. ומן הצפויין. מכני כלים. ומאוגני כלים. מאזני כלים. מן השחולת. ומן הגרודות. טהורין. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר אף מן הקצוצות. משברי כלים. מן הגרוטים. ומן המסמרות שידוע שנעשו מכלי. טמאין. מן המסמרות. בית שמאי מטמאין. ובית הלל מטהרין: ",
+ "ברזל טמא שבללו עם ברזל טהור. אם רוב מן הטמא. טמא. ואם רוב מן הטהור. טהור. מחצה למחצה. טמא. וכן מן החלמא ומן הגללים. קלוסטרא טמאה. ומצופה. טהורה. הפין והפורנה. טמאין. והקלוסטרא. ר' יהושע אומר. שומטה מפתח זה. ותולה בחברו בשבת. ר' טרפון אומר הרי היא לו ככל הכלים ומטלטלת בחצר: ",
+ "עקרב של פרומביא טמאה. ולחיים טהורים. ר' אליעזר מטמא בלחיים. וחכמים אומרים אין טמא אלא עקרב. ובשעת חבורן. הכל טמא: ",
+ "פיקה של מתכת. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. ומצופה טהורה. הכוש. והאימה. והמקל וסימפוניה. וחליל של מתכת טמאין. ומצופין טהורים. סימפוניה. אם יש בה בית קבול כנפים. בין כך ובין כך. טמאה: ",
+ "קרן עגולה טמאה. ופשוטה טהורה. אם היתה מצופית שלה של מתכת טמאה. הקב שלה. רבי טרפון מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. ובשעת חבורן הכל טמא. כיוצא בו קני מנורה טהורין. הפרח והבסיס טמאים. ובשעת חבורן הכל טמא: ",
+ "קסדא טמאה. ולחיים טהורים. אם יש בהן בית קבול מים. טמאים. כל כלי המלחמה. טמאים. הכידון הניקון והמגפיין. והשריון. טמאין. כל תכשיטי נשים טמאים. עיר של זהב. קטליות נזמים וטבעות. וטבעת בין שיש לה חותם ובין שאין לה חותם. נזמי האף. קטלה שחוליות שלה של מתכות. בחוט של פשתן או של צמר. נפסק החוט החוליות טמאות. שכל אחת ואחת. כלי בפני עצמה. חוט של מתכות. וחוליות של אבנים טובות ומרגליות ושל זכוכית. נשתברו החוליות. החוט בפני עצמו קיים. טמא. שירי קטלא. כמלוא צואר קטנה. ר' אליעזר אומר. אפילו טבעת אחת. טמאה. שכן תולין בצואר: ",
+ "נזם שהוא עשוי כקדירה מלמטן. וכעדשה מלמעלן. ונפרק. כקדרה טמא משום כלי בית קבול. וכעדשה טמא בפני עצמו. צינורא טהורה. העשוי כמין אשכול. ונפרק. טהור: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "טבעת אדם טמאה. טבעת בהמה וכלים ושאר כל הטבעות. טהורות. קורת החצים. טמאה ושל אסירין. טהורה. הקולר. טמאה. שלשלת שיש בה בית נעילה טמאה. העשוי' לכפיתה טהורה. שלשלת של סיטונות. טמאה. של בעלי בתים. טהורה. אמר ר' יוסי אימתי בזמן שהוא מפתח אחד. אבל אם היו שנים. או שקשר חלזון בראשה. טמאה: ",
+ "קנה מאזנים של סרוקות. טמא מפני אונקליות. ושל בעלי בתים. אם יש בו אונקליות טמא. אונקלין של כתפין. טהורה. ושל רוכלים. טמאה. ר' יהודה אומר. של רוכלים שלפניו טמאה. ושלאחריו טהורה. אונקלי דרגש. טמאה. ושל נקליטין טהורה. של שידה טמאה. ושל אקון טהורה. של שלחן טמא. של מנורת העץ טהור. זה הכלל כל המחובר לטמא טמא. והמחובר לטהור טהור. וכולן אחת אחת בפני עצמן. טהורות: ",
+ "כסוי טני של מתכת של בעלי בתים. ר' גמליאל מטמא וחכמים מטהרין. ושל רופאים טמא. הדלת שבמגדל. של בעלי בתים טהורה. ושל רופאים טמאה. הייתוכין טמאים. והפרכין טהורין. עקרב בית הבד טמאה. ואונקלי שבכותלים טהורה: ",
+ "מסמר הגרע טמא. ושל אבן השעות טהור. רבי צדוק מטמא. מסמר הגרדי טמא. וארון של גרוסות. ר' צדוק מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. היתה עגלה שלה של מתכת טמאה: ",
+ "מסמר שהתקינו להיות פותח ונועל בו. טמא. העשוי לשמירה. טהור. מסמר שהתקינו להיות פותח בו את החבית. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין עד שיצרפנו. מסמר של שלחני. טהור. ורבי צדוק מטמא. שלשה דברים ר' צדוק מטמא וחכמים מטהרין. מסמר של שלחני. וארון של גרוסות. ומסמר של אבן השעות. ר' צדוק מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין: ",
+ "ארבע דברים רבן גמליאל מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. כסוי טני של מתכת של בעלי בתים. ותלוי המגרדות. וגולמי כלי מתכות. וטבלה שנחלקה לשנים. ומודים חכמים לרבן גמליאל. בטבלה שנחלקה לשנים. אחד גדול ואחד קטן. שהגדול טמא. והקטן טהור: ",
+ "דינר שנפסל. והתקינו לתלותו בצואר קטנה. טמא. וכן סלע שנפסלה. והתקינה להיות שוקל בה. טמאה. עד כמה תפסל ויהא רשאי לקיימה. עד שני דינרין. פחות מכאן יקוץ: ",
+ "האולר. והקולמוס. והמטוטלת. והמשקלות. והכורים. והכן. והכנא. טמאים. וכל גולמי כלי עץ. טמאים. חוץ משל אשכרוע. רבי יהודה אומר אף גרופית של זית טהורה. עד שתשלק: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הסייף . והסכין. והפגיון. והרומח. מגל יד. ומגל קציר. והשחור. וזוג של ספרים. שנחלקו. הרי אלו טמאין. רבי יוסי אומר הסמוך ליד. טמא. והסמוך לראש. טהור. מספרת שנחלקה לשנים. רבי יהודה מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין: ",
+ "קוליגריפון שניטלה כפה. טמאה מפני שינה. ניטלה שינה. טמאה מפני כפה. מכחול שניטל הכף. טמא מפני הזכר. ניטל הזכר. טמא מפני הכף. מכתב שניטל הכותב. טמא מפני המוחק. ניטל המוחק. טמא מפני הכותב. זומאלסטרא שניטלה כפה. טמאה מפני המזלג. ניטל המזלג. טמאה מפני. כפה. וכן השן של מעדר. שיעור כולן כדי לעשות מלאכתן: ",
+ "חרחור שנפגם טמא. עד שינטל רובו. נשבר מקופו טהור. קורדום שניטל עושפו טמא מפני בית בקועו. ניטל בית בקועו. טמא מפני עושפו. נשבר מקופו. טהור: ",
+ "מגריפה שניטלה כפה. טמאה מפני שהיא כקורנס. דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים מטהרין. מגירה שניטלו שיניה אחת מבינתיים טהורה. נשתייר בה מלא הסיט במקום אחד. טמאה. המעצד והאזמל. והמפסלית. והמקדח. שנפגמו. טמאים. ניטל חיסומן. טהורין. וכולן שנחלקו לשנים. טמאים. חוץ מן המקדח. והרוקני בפני עצמה טהורה: ",
+ "מחט שניטל חרירה או עוקצה טהורה. אם התקינה למיתוח. טמאה. של סקיין שניטל חרירה טמאה. מפני שהוא כותב בה. ניטל עוקצה טהורה. של מיתוח בין כך ובין כך טמאה. מחט שהעלתה חלודה. אם מעכבת את התפירה טהורה. ואם לאו טמאה. צינורא שפשטה. טהורה. כפפה חזרה לטומאתה: ",
+ "עץ המשמש את המתכת טמא. והמתכת המשמש את העץ טהורה. כיצד. פותחת של עץ והפין שלה של מתכת אפילו אחת. טמאה. פותחת של מתכת והפין שלה של עץ. טהורה. טבעת של מתכת וחותם שלה של אלמוג. טמאה טבעת של אלמוג וחותם שלה של מתכת. טהורה. השן שבטס שבפותחת. ושבמפתח. טמאה בפני עצמה: ",
+ "הכדומין האשקלונין שנשברו והאונקלי שלהן קיימת. הרי אלו טמאין. המעבר. והמזרה. והמגוב. וכן מסרק של ראש שניטלה אחת משיניהן. ועשאן של מתכת. הרי אלו טמאין. ועל כולן אמר ר' יהושע דבר חדוש חדשו סופרים ואין לי מה אשיב: ",
+ "מסרק של פשתן שניטלו שיניו. ונשתייר בו שתים טמא. ואחת טהור. וכולן אחת אחת בפני עצמן טמאות. ושל צמר שניטלו שיניו אחת מבינתיים. טהור. נשתייר בו שלש במקום אחד. טמא. היתה החיצונה אחת מהן. טהור. ניטלו ממנו שתים ועשאן למלקטת טמאות. אחת. והתקינה לנר או למיתוח טמאה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כלי מתכות כמה הוא שיעורן. הדלי כדי למלאות בו. קומקום כדי ליחם בו. מיחם כדי לקבל סלעים. הלפס כדי לקבל קיתונות. קיתונות כדי לקבל פרוטות. מדות יין ביין. ומדות שמן בשמן. ר' אליעזר אומר כולן בפרוטות. ר' עקיבא אומר המחוסר חטיפה טמא. והמחוסר לטישה טהור: ",
+ "מקל שעשה בראשו מסמר כמין חזיינא טמא. סימרו טמא. ר' שמעון אומר עד שיעשה בו שלשה סדרים. וכולן שעשאן לנוי. טהורין. עשה בראשו מניקת. וכן בדלת. טהורה. היתה כלי וחברה לו. טמאה. מאימתי היא טהרתה בית שמאי אומרים משיחבל. בית הלל אומרים משיחבר: ",
+ "הקנטר של בנאי. והדקור של חרש. הרי אלו טמאין. יתדות אהלים. ויתדות המשוחות. טמאות. שלשלת של משוחות. טמאה. העשויה לעצים. טהורה. שלשלת דלי גדול. ארבעה טפחים. ושל קטן. עשרה. חמור של נפחין. טמא. מגירה שעשה שיניה בתוך החור. טמאה. עשאה מלמטן למעלן. טהורה. וכל הכסוין טהורים. חוץ משל מיחם: ",
+ "הטמאין שבעגלה. העול של מתכת. והקטרב. והכנפים המקבלות את הרצועות. והברזל שתחת צוארי בהמה. הסומך. והמחגר. והתמחויות. הענבל והצינורה. ומסמר המחבר את כולן: ",
+ "הטהורין שבעגלה. העול המצופה. כנפים העשויות לנוי. ושפופרות המשמיעות את הקול. והאבר שבצד צוארי בהמה. הסובב של גלגל הטסים והצפויים. ושאר כל המסמרות. טהורין. סנדלי בהמה של מתכות. טמאין. של שעם טהורין. הסייף מאימתי מקבל טומאה. משישופינו. והסכין משישחיזנה: ",
+ "כסוי טני של מתכת. שעשה בו מראה. רבי יהודה מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין. מראה שנשברה. אם אינה מראה את רוב הפנים טהורה: ",
+ "כלי מתכות מיטמאין. ומיטהרין שבורין. דברי ר' אליעזר. רבי יהושע אומר אינן מיטהרין אלא שלימין. כיצד הזה עליהן נשברו בו ביום. התיכן. וחזר והזה עליהן שנית בו ביום. הרי אלו טהורין דברי ר' אליעזר. ר' יהושע אומר. אין הזיה פחות משלישי ושביעי: ",
+ "מפתח של ארכובה שנשבר מתוך ארכובתו. טהור. רבי יהודה מטמא. מפני שהוא פותח בו מבפנים. ושל גם. שנשבר מתוך גומו טהור. היו בו חפין ונקבין. טמא. נטלו חפין. טמא מפני נקבין. נסתתמו נקבין. טמא מפני חפין. נטלו חפין ונסתתמו נקבין. או שפרצו זה לתוך זה. טהור. מסננת של חרדל. שנפרצו בה שלשה נקבים מלמטן. זה לתוך זה. טהורה. והאפרכס של מתכות. טמאה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כלי עץ. כלי עור. כלי עצם. כלי זכוכית. פשוטיהן טהורין. ומקבליהן טמאים. נשברו טהרו. חזר ועשה מהן כלים מקבלין טומאה מכאן ולהבא. השידה. והתיבה. והמגדל. כוורת הקש. וכוורת הקנים. ובור ספינה אלכסנדרית. שיש להם שולים. והן מחזיקין ארבעים סאה בלח שהם כורים ביבש. הרי אלו טהורין. ושאר כל הכלים. בין מקבלין. בין אינם מקבלין. טמאין. דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר. דרדור עגלה. וקוסטות המלכים. ועריבת העבדנין. ובור ספינה קטנה. והארון. אף על פי שמקבלין. טמאין. שאינן עשויין ליטלטל. אלא במה שבתוכן. ושאר כל הכלים המקבלים. טהורין. ושאינן מקבלין טמאין. אין בין דברי רבי מאיר לדברי רבי יהודה. אלא עריבת בעל הבית: ",
+ "ארובות של נחתומים טמאות. ושל בעלי בתים טהורות. סרקן או כרכמן. טמאות. דף של נחתומין. שקבעו בכותל. ר' אליעזר מטהר. וחכמים מטמאים. סרוד של נחתומין. טמא. ושל בעלי בתים. טהור. גיפפו מארבע רוחותיו. טמא. נפרץ מרוח אחת טהור. רבי שמעון אומר אם התקינו להיות קורץ עליו טמא. וכן המערוך. טמא: ",
+ "ים נפה של סילתין טמא. ושל בעלי בתים טהור. ר' יהודה אומר אף של גודלת טמא מושב. מפני שהבנות יושבות בתוכו וגודלות: ",
+ "כל התלוים טמאין. חוץ מתלוי נפה וכברה של בעל הבית דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים כולם טהורין. חוץ מתלוי נפה של סלתין. ותלוי כברת גרנות. ותלוי מגל יד. ותלוי מקל הבלשין. מפני שהן מסייעין בשעת המלאכה. זה הכלל העשוי לסייע בשעת מלאכה טמא. העשוי לתלוי טהור: ",
+ "רחת של גרוסות טמאה. של אוצרות טהורה. של גתות טמאה. של גרנות טהורה. זה הכלל העשוי לקבלה. טמא. לכנוס. טהור: ",
+ "נבלי השרה טמאין. ונבלי בני לוי טהורין. כל המשקין טמאין. ומשקה בית מטבחייא טהורין. כל הספרים מטמאין את הידים. חוץ מספר העזרה. המרכוף טהור. הבטנון והניקטמון והאירוס. הרי אלו טמאים. רבי יהודה אומר האירוס טמא מושב. מפני שהאלית יושבת עליו. מצודת החולדה טמאה. ושל העכברין טהורה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל כלי עץ שנחלק לשנים. טהור. חוץ משלחן הכפול. ותמחוי המזנון. והאפיפורין של בעלי הבית. רבי יהודה אומר אף המגס. וקוד הבבלי. כיוצא בהן. כלי עץ מאימתי מקבלין טומאה. המטה והעריסה משישופם בעור הדג. גמר שלא לשוף. טמאה. רבי מאיר אומר המטה משיסרג בה שלשה בתים: ",
+ "הסלים של עץ. משיחסום ויקנב. ושל תמרה אף על פי שלא קינב מבפנים. טמא. שכן מקיימין. כלכלה משיחסום ויקנב. ויגמור את התלויה. בית הלגינין. ובית הכוסות. אף על פי שלא קינב מבפנים. טמא. שכן מקיימין: ",
+ "הקנונין הקטנים. והקלתות. משיחסום ויקנב. הקנונים הגדולים והסוגין הגדולים. משיעשה שתי דורים לרחב שלהם. ים נפה וכברה. וכף של מאזנים. משיעשה דור אחד לרחב שלהן. הקופה משיעשה שני צפירות לרחב שלה. והערק. משיעשה בו צפירה אחת: ",
+ "כלי עור. מאימתי מקבלין טומאה. התורמל. משיחסום ויקנב ויעשה קיחותיו. רבי יהודה אומר. משיעשה את אזניו. סקורטיא משיחסום ויקנב ויעשה את ציצתה. רבי יהודה אומר משיעשה את טבעותיה. קטבוליא. משיחסום ויקנב. רבי יהודה אומר. משיעשה את קיחותיה. הכר והכסת של עור. משיחסום ויקנב. ר' יהודה אומר. משיתפרם וישייר בהם פחות מחמשה טפחים: ",
+ "פטילייה. טמאה. וחסינה. טהורה. סגניות של עלין. טהורות. של נצרין. טמאות. חותל שהוא נותן לתוכו. ונוטל מתוכו. טמא. ואם אינו יכול עד שיקרענו. או עד שיתירנו. טהור: ",
+ "קסייה של זורי גרנות. של הולכי דרכים. של עושי פשתן טמאה. אבל של צבעין ושל נפחים. טהורה. ר' יוסי אומר. אף של גרוסות כיוצא בהן. זה הכלל. העשוי לקבלה טמא. מפני הזיעה טהור: ",
+ "המלקוט של בקר. והחסים שלו. והמדף של דבורים. והמנפה. הרי אלו טהורין. כסוי של קופסא טמא. כסוי קמטרא טהור. כסוי תיבה כסוי טני. והמכבש של חרש. והכסת שתחת התיבה. והקמרון שלה. ואנגלין של ספר. בית הנגר. בית המנעול. ובית המזוזה. ותיק נבלין. ותיק כנורת. והאמום של גודלי מצנפות. והמרכוף של זמר. ורביעית של אליית. וגנוגנית העני. וסמוכות המטה. וטפוס של תפלה. ואמום של עושה סותות. הרי אלו טהורים. זה הכלל אמר ר' יוסי. כל משמשי משמשיו של אדם בשעת מלאכה ושלא בשעת מלאכה. טמא. וכל שאינו אלא בשעת מלאכה. טהור: ",
+ "תיק הסיף. והסכין. והפיגיון. תיק מספרת. ומספריים. והתער. תיק מכחול. ובית הכוחל. תיק מכתב. ותרונתק. תיק טבלה. וסקורטיא. בית החצים. בית הפגושות. הרי אלו טמאים. תיק סמפונייא. בזמן שהוא נותן מלמעלה טמא. מצדו טהור. תיק חלילין. רבי יהודה מטהר. מפני שהוא נותנו מצדו. חפוי האלה. הקשת והרומח. הרי אלו טהורין. זה הכלל העשוי לתיק. טמא. לחפוי. טהור: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל כלי בעלי בתים שיעורן ברמונים. ר' אליעזר אומר במה שהן. קופות הגננים. שעורן באגודות של ירק. של בעלי בתים בתבן. של בלנין בגבבה. רבי יהושע אומר כלן ברמונים: ",
+ "החמת שעורה בפקעיות של שתי. אם אינה מקבלת של שתי. אף על פי שמקבלת של ערב. טמאה. בית קערות שאינו מקבל קערות. אף על פי שמקבל את התמחויין. טמא. בית הרעי שאינו מקבל משקין. אף על פי שמקבל את הרעי טמא. ר' גמליאל מטהר. מפני שאין מקיימין אותו: ",
+ "הסלין של פת. שיעורן בככרות של פת. אפיפיירות שעשה להן קנים מלמטן למעלה לחיזוק. טהורה. עשה לה גפיים כל שהן טמאה. ר' שמעון אומר אם אינה יכולה להנטל בגפיים טהורה: ",
+ "הרמונים שאמרו שלשה אחוזין זה בזה. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר. בנפה ובכברה כדי שיטול ויהלך. ובקופה כדי שיפשיל לאחוריו. ושאר כל הכלים שאינן יכולין לקבל רמונים. כגון הרובע. וחצי הרובע. הקנונים הקטנים. שיעורן ברובן. דברי רבי מאיר. ר' שמעון אומר בזיתים. נפרצו שעורן בזיתים. נגממו שעורן במה שהן: ",
+ "הרמון שאמרו לא קטן. ולא גדול. אלא בינוני. ולמה הוזכרו רמוני בדאן. שיהו מקדשין כל שהן. דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר לשער בהן את הכלים. ר' עקיבא אומר. לכך ולכך הוזכרו. לשער בהן את הכלים. ויהיו מקדשין כל שהן. אמר ר' יוסי לא הוזכרו רמוני בדאן. וחצירי גבע. אלא שיהיו מתעשרין ודאי בכל מקום: ",
+ "כביצה שאמרו לא גדולה ולא קטנה. אלא בינונית. רבי יהודה אומר. מביא גדולה שבגדולות. וקטנה שבקטנות ונותן לתוך המים. וחולק את המים. אמר ר' יוסי וכי מי מודיעני איזוהי גדולה. ואיזוהי קטנה. אלא הכל לפי דעתו של רואה: ",
+ "כגרוגרת שאמרו. לא גדולה ולא קטנה. אלא בינונית. ר' יהודה אומר הגדולה שבארץ ישראל. היא הבינונית שבמדינות: ",
+ "כזית שאמרו לא גדול ולא קטן. אלא בינוני. זה אגורי. כשעורה שאמרו. לא גדולה ולא קטנה. אלא בינונית. זו מדברית. כעדשה שאמרו. לא גדולה ולא קטנה. אלא בינונית. זו מצרית. כל המטלטלין מביאין את הטומאה בעובי המרדע. לא גדול ולא קטן. אלא בינוני. איזה הוא בינוני. כל שהקיפו טפח: ",
+ "האמה שאמרו. באמה הבינונית. ושתי אמות היה בשושן הבירה. אחת על קרן מזרחית צפונית. ואחת על קרן מזרחית דרומית. שעל קרן מזרחית צפונית היתה יתירה על של משה חצי אצבע. שעל קרן מזרחית דרומית היתה יתירה עליה חצי אצבע. נמצאת יתירה על של משה אצבע. ולמה אמרו. אחת גדולה. ואחת קטנה. אלא שהאומנין נוטלין בקטנה ומחזירין בגדולה. כדי שלא יבואו לידי מעילה: ",
+ "ר' מאיר אומר. כל האמות היו בינוניות. חוץ ממזבח הזהב. והקרן. והסובב. והיסוד. רבי יהודה אומר אמת הבנין ששה טפחים. ושל כלים חמשה: ",
+ "ויש שאמרו במדה דקה. מדות הלח והיבש שיעורן באיטלקי. זו מדברית. ויש שאמרו הכל לפי מה שהוא אדם. הקומץ את המנחה והחופן את הקטורת. והשותה כמלא לוגמיו ביום הכפורים. וכמזון שתי סעודות לערוב מזונו לחול אבל לא לשבת דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר לשבת אבל לא לחול. אלו ואלו מתכוונין להקל. ר' שמעון אומר משתי ידות לככר. משלש לקב. רבי יוחנן בן ברוקא אומר מככר בפונדיון. מארבע סאין בסלע: ",
+ "ויש שאמרו במדה גסה מלא תרווד רקב. כמלא תרווד גדול של רופאים. וגריס נגעים כגריס הקלקי. האוכל ביום הכפורים ככותבת הגסה כמוה וכגרעינתה. ונודות יין ושמן. שיעורן כפיקה גדולה שלהן. ומאור שלא נעשה בידי אדם שיעורו כמלא אגרוף גדול. זה הוא אגרופו של בן בטיח. אמר ר' יוסי ישנו כראש גדול של אדם. ושנעשה בידי אדם. שיעורו כמלא מקדח גדול של לשכה. שהוא כפונדיון האיטלקי. וכסלע הנירונית. וכמלא נקב שבעול: ",
+ "כל שבים טהור חוץ מכלב המים. מפני שהוא בורח ליבשה. דברי ר' עקיבא. העושה כלים מן הגדל בים. וחבר להם מן הגדל בארץ אפילו חוט. אפילו משיחה. דבר שהוא מקבל טומאה טמא: ",
+ "ויש במה שנברא ביום הראשון טומאה. בשני אין בו טומאה. בשלישי יש בו טומאה. ברביעי ובחמישי אין בהם טומאה. חוץ מכנף העוז וביצת נעמית המצופה. אמר ר' יוחנן בן נורי מה נשתנה כנף העוז מכל הכנפים. וכל שנברא ביום הששי טמא: ",
+ "העושה כלי קבול מכל מקום טמא. העושה משכב ומושב מכל מקום טמא. העושה כיס מעור המצה. מן הנייר. טמא. הרימון. האלון. והאגוז. שחקקום התינוקות. למוד בהם את העפר. או שהתקינום לכף מאזנים. טמא. שיש להם מעשה. ואין להם מחשבה: ",
+ "קנה מאזנים. והמחוק. שיש בהן בית קבול מתכות. והאסל שיש בו בית קבול מעות. וקנה של עני שיש בו בית קבול מים. ומקל שיש בו בית קבול מזוזה. ומרגליות. הרי אלו טמאין. ועל כולן אמר רבי יוחנן בן זכאי. אוי לי אם אומר. אוי לי אם לא אומר: ",
+ "תחתית הצורפים טמאה. ושל נפחין טהורה. משחזת שיש בה בית קבול שמן. טמאה. ושאין בה. טהורה. פנקס שיש בו בית קבול שעוה. טמאה. ושאין בה טהורה. מחצלת הקש. ושפופרת הקש. רבי עקיבא מטמא. ורבי יוחנן בן נורי מטהר. רבי שמעון אומר אף של פקועות כיוצא בהן. מחצלת קנים ושל חלף. טהורה. שפופרת הקנה שחתכה לקבלה. טהורה. עד שיוציא את כל הככיי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "השידה בית שמאי אומרים נמדדת מבפנים. ובית הלל אומרים נמדדת מבחוץ. מודים אלו ואלו שאין עובי הרגלים ועובי לזבזין נמדד. ר' יוסי אומר. מודים שעובי הרגלים ועובי לזבזין נמדד. וביניהם אינו נמדד. ר' שמעון שזורי אומר. אם היו הרגלים גבוהות טפח. אין ביניהם נמדד. ואם לאו. ביניהן נמדד: ",
+ "מוכני שלה בזמן שהיא נשמטת. אינה חבור לה. ואינה נמדדת עמה. ואינה מצלת עמה באהל המת. ואין גוררין אותה בשבת בזמן שיש בתוכה מעות. ואם אינה נשמטת. חבור לה. ונמדדת עמה. ומצלת עמה באהל המת. וגוררין אותה בשבת אף על פי שיש בתוכה מעות. הקמרון שלה בזמן שהוא קבוע. חבור לה. ונמדד עמה. ואם אינו קבוע. אינו חבור לה ואינו נמדד עמה. כיצד מודדין אותו. ראש תור. רבי יהודה אומר אם אינה יכולה לעמוד בפני עצמה. טהורה: ",
+ "השידה והתיבה והמגדל שנטלה אחד מרגליהן. אף על פי שמקבלין טהורין. ושאינן מקבלין כדרכן רבי יוסי מטמא ונקליטי המטה. וחמור. וחפוי טהורין אין טמא אלא מטה ומלבן. ומלבני בני לוי טהורין: ",
+ "מלבן שנתנו על לשונות. ר' מאיר ורבי יהודה מטמאין. ר' יוסי ור' שמעון מטהרין. אמר ר' יוסי מה שנה זה ממלבני בני לוי. שמלבני בני לוי טהורין: ",
+ "מטה שהיתה טמאה מדרס. נטלה קצרה. ושתי כרעים. טמאה ארוכה ושתי כרעים טהורה. ר' נחמיה מטמא. גדד שתי לשונות לוכסן גדד שתי כרעים (טפח על טפח) לוכסן או שמעטה פחות מטפח. טהורה: ",
+ "מטה שהיתה טמאה מדרס. נשברה ארוכה ותקנה. טמאה מדרס. נשברה שניה ותקנה. טהורה מן המדרס אבל טמאה מגע מדרס. לא הספיק לתקן את הראשונה עד שנשברה שניה טהורה: ",
+ "כרע שהיתה טמאה מדרס וחברה למטה כולה טמאה מדרס. פרשה היא טמאה מדרס והמטה מגע מדרס. היתה טמאה טומאת שבעה וחברה למטה כולה טמאה טומאת שבעה פרשה היא טמאה טומאת שבעה והמטה טמאה טומאת ערב. היתה טמאה טומאת ערב וחברה למטה כולה טמאה טומאת ערב. פרשה היא טמאה טומאת ערב והמטה טהורה. וכן השן של מעדר: ",
+ "תפלה ארבעה כלים התיר קציצה הראשונה ותקנה. טמאה טמא מת וכן שניה וכן שלישית. התיר את הרביעית טהורה מטמא מת. אבל טמאה מגע טמא מת חזר לראשונה והתירה ותקנה. טמאה במגע וכן שניה. התיר את השלישית טהורה. שהרביעית במגע. ואין מגע עושה מגע: ",
+ "מטה שנגנב חציה או אבד חציה. או חלקוה אחין או שותפין. טהורה. החזירוה. מקבלת טומאה מכאן ולהבא. מטה מיטמאה חבילה. ומיטהרת חבילה דברי רבי אליעזר וחכמים אומרים מיטמאה איברים ומיטהרת איברים: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המפרק את המטה להטבילה. והנוגע בחבלין. טהור. החבל מאימתי הוא חבור למטה. משיסרג בה שלשה בתים. והנוגע מן הקשר ולפנים. טמא. מן הקשר ולחוץ טהור. נימי הקשר הנוגע בצרכו. טמא. וכמה הוא צרכו. רבי יהודה אומר שלש אצבעות: ",
+ "החבל היוצא מן המטה עד חמשה טפחים טהור מחמשה ועד עשרה טמא. מעשרה ולחוץ טהור. שבו קושרין את הפסחים. ומשלשלין את המטות: ",
+ "מיזרן היוצא מן המטה כל שהוא. דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יוסי אומר עד עשרה טפחים. שירי מיזרן שבעה טפחים. כדי לעשותו חבק לחמור: ",
+ "נישא הזב על המטה ועל המיזרן מטמא שנים ופוסל אחד דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יוסי אומר נישא הזב על המטה ועל המיזרן עשרה טפחים מטמא שנים ופוסל אחד. מעשרה ולחוץ. מטמא אחד. ופוסל אחד. נישא על המיזרן. מעשרה ולפנים טמא מעשרה ולחוץ טהור: ",
+ "מטה שהיתה טמאה מדרס וכרך לה מיזרן כולה טמאה מדרס פרשה. היא טמאה מדרס והמיזרן מגע מדרס היתה טמאה טומאת שבעה וכרך לה מיזרן. כולה טמאה טומאת שבעה. פרשה. היא טמאה טומאת שבעה והמיזרן טמא טומאת ערב. היתה טמאה טומאת ערב וכרך לה מיזרן כולה טמאה טומאת ערב. פרשה. היא טמאה טומאת ערב והמיזרן טהור: ",
+ "מטה שכרך לה מיזרן ונגע בהן המת טמאין טומאת שבעה. פרשו טמאין טומאת שבעה נגע בהן השרץ טמאין טומאת ערב. פרשו. טמאין טומאת ערב. מטה שנטלו שתי ארוכות שלה ועשה לה חדשות. ולא שנה את הנקבים נשתברו חדשות טמאה. וישנות טהורה שהכל הולך אחר הישנות: ",
+ "תיבה שפתחה מלמעלה טמאה טמא מת. נפחתה מלמעלה טמאה טמא מת. נפחתה מלמטה טהורה. מגורות שבה טמאות ואינם חבור לה: ",
+ "התורמל שנפחתה כיס שבתוכו טמא. ואינו חבור לו. החמת שבצים שלה מקבלות עמה ונפחתו טהורות שאינם מקבלות כדרכן: ",
+ "תיבה שפתחה מצדה. טמאה מדרס. וטמא מת. אמר רבי יוסי אימתי בזמן שאינה גבוהה עשרה טפחים או שאין לה לזבז טפח. נפחתה מלמעלן טמאה טמא מת. נפחתה מלמטן ר' מאיר מטמא וחכמים מטהרין מפני שבטל העקר בטלה הטפלה: ",
+ "משפלת שנפחתה מלקבל רמונים רבי מאיר מטמא וחכמים מטהרים מפני שבטל העיקר בטלה הטפלה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הכרים והכסתות והשקין והמרצופין. שנפחתו הרי אלו טמאים מדרס. הקלוסטר ארבע קבין התורמל חמשת קבין. הכריתית סאה. החמת של שבעת קבין רבי יהודה אומר אף הרבצל והמזודה כל שהן הרי אלו טמאין מדרס. וכולם שנפחתו טהורים. מפני שבטל העיקר ובטל הטפלה: ",
+ "חמת חלילין. טהורה מן המדרס. עריבת פיסונות בית שמאי אומרים מדרס. ובית הלל אומרים טמא מת. עריבה משני לוג ועד תשעה קבין שנסדקה. טמאה מדרס. הניחה בגשמים ונתפחה טמאה טמא מת. בקדים ונסדקה מקבלת מדרס. זה חומר בשירי כלי עץ מבתחלתן וחומר בשירי כלי נצרים מבתחלתן שמתחלתן אינם מקבלים טומאה עד שיתחסמו נתחסמו אף על פי שנשרו שפתותיהן כל שהן טמאין: ",
+ "מקל שעשאו בית יד לקורדום. חבור לטומאה בשעת מלאכה. הדיוסטר חבור לטומאה בשעת מלאכה. קבעו בכלונס. טמא ואינו חבור לה. עשה לודיוסטר. אין טמא אלא צרכו. כסא שקבעו בכלונס טמא. ואינו חבור לו. עשה בו כסא. אין טמא אלא מקומו. קבעו בקורת בית הבד. טמא. ואין חבור לה. עשה בראשה כסא. טהור. מפני שאומרין לו עמוד ונעשה את מלאכתנו: ",
+ "עריבה גדולה. שנפחתה מלקבל רמונים. והתקינה לישיבה. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. עד שיקצע. עשאה אבוס לבהמה. אף על פי שקבעה בכותל. טמאה: ",
+ "כופת שקבעו בנדבך. קבעו ולא בנה עליו. בנה עליו ולא קבעו. טמא. קבעו ובנה עליו. טהור. מפץ שנתנו על גבי הקורות. קבעו ולא נתן עליו את המעזיבה. נתן עליו את המעזיבה. ולא קבעו. טמא קבעו ונתן עליו את המעזיבה. טהור. קערה שקבעה בשידה תיבה ומגדל. כדרך קבלתה. טמאה. שלא כדרך קבלתה. טהורה: ",
+ "סדין שהוא טמא מדרס. ועשאו וילון טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא טמא מת. מאימתי היא טהרתו בית שמאי אומרים משיתבר. בית הלל אומרים משיקשר. ר' עקיבא אומר משיקבע: ",
+ "מחצלת שעשה לה קנים לארכה טהורה. וחכמים אומרים עד שיעשה כמין כי עשאם לרחבה. ואין בין קנה לחבירו ארבעה טפחים טהור נחלקה לרחבה ר' יהודה מטהר. וכן המתיר ראשי המעדנין טהורה. נחלקה לארכה ונשתיירו בה שלשה מעדנים של ששה טפחים טמאה. מחצלת מאימתי מקבלת טומאה משתקנב והיא גמר מלאכתה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הנוגע בכובד העליון בכובד התחתון. בנירים. ובקירוס. ובחוט שהעבירו על גבי ארגמן. ובעירה שאינו עתיד להחזירה טהור. בנפש המסכת. ובשתי העומד. ובכפול שהעבירו על גבי הארגמן. ובעירה שהיא עתידה להחזירה. טמא. הנוגע בצמר שעל האימה. באשוויה. טהור. הנוגע בפיקה. עד שלא פירעה. טמא. משפירעה. טהור: ",
+ "הנוגע בעול. ובקטרב. בעין. ובעבות. אפילו בשעת מלאכה. טהור. בחרב. ובבורך. וביצול. טמא. בעין של מתכת. בלחיין. ובעריין. טמא. רבי יהודה מטהר בלחיים שאינם עשויין אלא לרבות את העפר: ",
+ "הנוגע ביד מגרה מכאן ומכאן. טמא. בחוט ובמשיחה. באמה. ובסניפין. במכבש של חרש. ובקשטנית. טהור. רבי יהודה אומר אף הנוגע במלבן של מסר הגדול. טהור. הנוגע ביתר. ובקשת. אף על פי שהיא מתוחה. טהור. מצודת האישות. טהורה. ר' יהודה אומר כל זמן שהיא מתוחה. חבור: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "השלחן והדלופקי. שנפחתו. או שחיפן בשיש ושייר בהם מקום הנחת הכוסות. טמאים. רבי יהודה אומר מקום הנחת חתיכות: ",
+ "השלחן שנטלה אחת מרגליו. טהור. נטלה שניה. טהור. נטלה השלישית. טמא כשיחשוב עליו. רבי יוסי אומר אין צריך מחשבה. וכן הדלופקי: ",
+ "ספסל שניטל אחד מראשיו. טהור. ניטל השני. טהור. אם יש בו גובה טפח. טמא. שרפרף שניטל אחד מראשיו. טמא. וכן הכסא שלפני קתדרא: ",
+ "כסא של כלה שניטלו חפויו. בית שמאי מטמאין. ובית הלל מטהרין. שמאי אומר אף מלבן של כסא טמא. כסא שקבעו בעריבה. בית שמאי מטמאין. ובית הלל מטהרין. שמאי אומר אף העשוי בה: ",
+ "כסא שלא היו חפויו יוצאין. וניטלו טמא. שכן דרכו להיות מטהו על צדו. ויושב עליו: ",
+ "כסא שניטל חפויו האמצעי. והחיצונים קיימים. טמא. נטלו החיצונים והאמצעי קיים. טמא. רבי שמעון אומר אם היה רחב טפח: ",
+ "כסא שניטלו שנים מחפויו זה בצד זה. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. אמר ר' יהודה אף כסא של כלה שנטלו חפויו ונשתייר בו בית קבלה. טהור. מפני שבטל העיקר. ובטלה הטפלה: ",
+ "שידה שניטל העליון. טמאה מפני התחתון. ניטל התחתון טמאה מפני העליון. ניטל העליון והתחתון. ר' יהודה מטמא מפני הדפין. וחכמים מטהרין. ישיבת הסתת. טמא מדרס: ",
+ "כופת שסירקו. וכרכמו. ועשאו פנים. רבי עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין עד שיחוק בו. הסל והכלכלה שמילאן תבן. או מוכין. התקינן לישיבה. טהורין סירגן בגמי או במשיחה טמאין. ",
+ "האסלה טמאה מדרס. וטמא מת. פרשה העור טמא מדרס. והברזל טמא טמא מת. הטרסקל שחפויו של עור. טמא מדרס. וטמא מת. פרשה. העור טמא מדרס. והטרסקל טהור מכלום. ספסלין שבמרחץ. ושתי רגליו של עץ. טמא. אחת של עץ ואחת של אבן. טהור. הנסרין שבמרחץ ששיגמן. ר' עקיבא מטמא וחכמים מטהרין שאינם עשוין. אלא שיהיו המים מהלכין תחתיהן. קנקילין שיש בה בית קבלת כסות. טמאה. והעשויה ככורת. טהורה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הכדור והאמום. והקמיע והתפילין שנקרעו. הנוגע בהן. טמא. ובמה שבתוכן. טהור. האוכף שנקרע. הנוגע במה שבתוכו. טמא. מפני שהתפר מחברו: ",
+ "אלו טמאין משום מרכב. זריז האשקלוני ומדוכה המדית. ועביט של גמל. וטפיטן של סוס. רבי יוסי אומר אף טפיטן של סוס טמא משום מושב. מפני שעומדין עליו בקומפון. אבל אוכף של נאקה. טמא: ",
+ "מה בין מרכב למושב. מרכב חלק מגעו ממשאו. ומושב לא חלק מגעו ממשאו. תפית של חמור. שהוא יושב עליה. טהור. שינה בה את הנקבין. או שפירצן זה לתוך זה. טמאה: ",
+ "המטה. והכר. והכסת. של מת הרי אלו טמאין מדרס. כסא של כלה. ומשבר של חיה. וכסא של כובס. שהוא כורם עליו את הכלים אמר ר' יוסי אין בהם משום מושב: ",
+ "החרם. טמא מפני הזוטו. הרשתות והמכמרות. והמדף והפלצור. ומצודות הסכרין. טמאין. והאקון. והרטוב. והכלוב. טהורין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שלשה תריסין הם. תריס הכפוף טמא מדרס. ושמשחקין בו בקונפון טמא טמא מת. ודיצת הערביין טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש עגלות הם. העשויה כקתדרא. טמאה מדרס. כמטה. טמאה טמא מת. ושל אבנים. טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש עריבות הן. עריבה משני לוג ועד תשעה קבין שנסדקה. טמאה מדרס. שלימה. טמאה טמא מת. והבאה במדה. טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש תיבות הן. תיבה שפתחה מצדה. טמאה מדרס. מלמעלן טמאה טמא מת. והבאה במדה. טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלשה תרבוסין הן. של ספרין טמא מדרס. שאוכלין עליו טמא טמא מת ושל זיתים טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלש בססיות הן. שלפני המטה. ושלפני סופרים. טמאה מדרס. ושל דלפקי. טמאה טמא מת. ושל מגדל טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש פנקסיות הן. האפיפורין. טמאה מדרס. ושיש בה בית קבול שעוה טמאה טמא מת. וחלקה. טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש מטות הן. העשויה לשכיבה. טמאה מדרס. של זגגין טמאה טמא מת. ושל סרגין טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש משפלות הן. של זבל טמאה מדרס. של תבן טמאה טמא מת. והפוחלץ של גמלים טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלשה מפצים הן. העשויה לישיבה טמאה מדרס. של צבעין טמא טמא מת. ושל גתות טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלש חמתות. ושלש תורמלין הן. המקבלים כשעור טמאין מדרס. ושאינן מקבלין כשעור טמאים טמא מת. ושל עור הדג טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלשה עורות הן. העשוי לשטיח טמא מדרס. לתכריך הכלים טמא טמא מת. ושל רצועות ושל סנדלים טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלשה סדינין הן. העשוי לשכיבה. טמא מדרס. לוילון טמא טמא מת. ושל צורות טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלש מטפחות הן. של ידים טמא מדרס. של ספרין. טמאה טמא מת ושל תכריך ושל נבלי בני לוי טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלשה פרקילינין הן. של צדי חיה ועוף טמא מדרס. של חגבין. טמא טמא מת ושל קייצין טהור מכלום: ",
+ "שלש סבכות הן. של ילדה. טמאה טומאת מדרס. של זקנה. טמאה טמא מת ושל יוצאת לחוץ טהורה מכלום: ",
+ "שלש קופות הן מהוהה שטלייה על הבריה. הולכין אחר הבריה קטנה על הגדולה. הולכין אחר הגדולה. היו שוות. הולכין אחר הפנימית. ר' שמעון אומר כף מאזנים שטלייה על שולי המיחם. מבפנים טמא. מבחוץ טהור. טליה על צדה. בין מבפנים בין מבחוץ טהור: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל הכלים יש להם אחוריים ותוך. כגון הכרים והכסתות והשקין והמרצופין דברי רבי יהודה. ר' מאיר אומר כל שיש לו תוברות. יש לו אחוריים ותוך. וכל שאין לו תוברות אין לו אחוריים ותוך. השלחן והדלפקי. יש להן אחוריים ותוך. דברי רבי יהודה. רבי מאיר אומר אין להם אחוריים. וכן טבלה שאין לה לזביז: ",
+ "המרדע יש לו אחוריים ותוך. משבעה לחרחור. מארבעה לדרבן דברי רבי יהודה. ר' מאיר אומר. אין להם. לא הוזכרו ארבעה ושבעה אלא לשירים: ",
+ "מדות יין ושמן. וזומא ליסטרא. ומסננת של חרדל. ומשמרת של יין. יש להן אחוריים ותוך. דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר אין להם. רבי שמעון אומר יש להם. נטמאו מאחוריהן. מה שבתוכן טהור. וצריך להטביל: ",
+ "הרובע וחצי הרובע. נטמא הרובע לא נטמא חצי הרובע. נטמא חצי הרובע לא נטמא הרובע. אמרו לפני ר' עקיבא הואיל וחצי הרובע אחוריים לרובע. כלי שנטמא תוכו. לא נטמא אחוריו. אמר להן של כת קודמין היא. או שמא הרובע אחוריים לחצי הרובע. כלי שנטמאו אחוריו לא נטמא תוכו: ",
+ "נטמא הרובע. הרובע ואחוריו טמאין חצי הרובע ואחוריו טהורין. נטמא חצי הרובע חצי הרובע ואחוריו טמאין. הרובע ואחוריו טהורין. נטמאו אחורי הרובע. אחורי חצי הרובע טהורין. דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים אומרים אין חולקין את הגביין וכשהוא מטביל מטביל את כולו: ",
+ "כני כלים ואוגניהם ואזניהם. וידות הכלים המקבלים שנפלו עליהן משקין מנגבן והם טהורים. ושאר כל הכלים. (שאינם יכולין לקבל רמונים) שאין להם אחוריים ותוך שנפלו משקין על מקצתו כולו טמא. כלי שנטמא אחוריו במשקין. אחוריו טמאים. תוכו ואוגנו ואזנו וידיו טהורין. נטמא תוכו. כולו טמא: ",
+ "כל הכלים יש להן אחוריים ותוך. ויש להם בית צביעה. ר' טרפון אומר לעריבה גדולה של עץ. רבי עקיבא אומר לכוסות. ר' מאיר אומר לידים הטמאות והטהורות. אמר ר' יוסי לא אמרו אלא לידים הטהורות בלבד: ",
+ "כיצד היו ידיו טהורות ואחורי הכוס טמאים. אחזו בבית צביעתו אינו חושש שמא נטמאו ידיו באחורי הכוס. היה שותה בכוס שאחוריו טמאים. אינו חושש שמא נטמא המשקה שבפיו באחורי הכוס וחזר וטימא הכוס. קומקום שהוא מרתיח. אינו חושש שמא יצאו משקין מתוכו ונגעו באחוריו וחזרו לתוכו: ",
+ "כלי הקדש אין להם אחוריים ותוך. ואין להם בית צביעה ואין מטבילים כלים בתוך כלים לקדש. כל הכלים יורדין לידי טומאתן במחשבה. ואינן עולים מידי טומאתן אלא בשינוי מעשה שהמעשה מבטל מיד המעשה ומיד מחשבה. ומחשבה אינה מבטלת. לא מיד מעשה ולא מיד מחשבה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "סנדל עמקי וכיס של שנצות. ר' יהודה אומר אף כפיפה מצרית. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אף סנדל לדיקי. כיוצא בהן. הרי אלו מיטמאין ומיטהרין שלא באומן. אמר רבי יוסי והלא כל הכלים מיטמאין ומיטהרין שלא באומן. אבל אלו אף על פי שהן מותרין טמאין. שההדיוט יכול להחזירם. לא אמרו אלא בכפיפה מצרית שאף האומן אינו יכול להחזירה: ",
+ "כיס של שנצות שנטלו שנציו טמא. נפשט טהור. טלה עליו את המטלת מלמטן טמא. כיס לתוך כיס שנטמא אחד מהן במשקה. לא נטמא חברו. צרור המרגלית טמא. צרור המעות. ר' אליעזר מטמא. וחכמים מטהרים: ",
+ "כף לוקטי קוצים. טהורה. הזון והברכייר טמאין. והשרוולים טמאין. והפרקליימין. טהורין. וכל בית אצבעות טהורות חוץ משל קייצין. מפני שהיא מקבלת את האוג. נקרעה אם אינה מקבלת את רוב האוג טהורה: ",
+ "סנדל שנפסקה אחת מאזניו ותקנה. טמא מדרס. נפסקה שניה ותקנה. טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא מגע מדרס. לא הספיק לתקן את הראשונה עד שנפסקה שניה טהורה. נפסק עקבו. ניטל חוטמו. או שנחלק לשנים. טהור. סוליים שנפסק מכל מקום. טהור. מנעל שנפחת. אם אינו מקבל את רוב הרגל. טהור. מנעל שעל האמום ר' אליעזר מטהר וחכמים מטמאים. כל חמתות צרורות טהורות חוץ משל ערביין. ר' מאיר אומר צרור שעה טהורות. צרור עולם טמאות. ר' יוסי אומר כל חמתות צרורות טהורות: ",
+ "אלו עורות טמאין מדרס. עור שחשב עליו לשטיח. עור סקורטיא. עור קטבוליא. עור החמר. עור הכתן. עור הכתף. עור הרופא. עור העריסה. עור הלב של קטן. עור הכר. עור הכסת מדרס. עור הסרוק. עור הסורק. ר' אליעזר אומר מדרס. וחכמים אומרים טמא מת: ",
+ "עב כסות. ותכריך כסות. מדרס. עב ארגמן. ותכריך ארגמן. בית שמאי אומרים מדרס. ובית הלל אומרים טמא מת. עור שעשאו חפוי לכלי טהור. למשקלות טמא. רבי יוסי מטהר משום אביו: ",
+ "כל מקום שאין חסרון מלאכה מחשבה מטמאתן. וכל מקום שיש חסרון מלאכה אין מחשבה מטמאתן. אלא העוצבה: ",
+ "עורות בעל הבית. מחשבה מטמאתן. ושל עבדן אין מחשבה מטמאתן. של גנב מחשבה מטמאתן. ושל גזלן אין מחשבה מטמאתן. רבי שמעון אומר חלוף הדברים של גזלן מחשבה מטמאתן. ושל גנב אין מחשבה מטמאתן. מפני שלא נתיאשו הבעלים: ",
+ "עור שהוא טמא מדרס וחשב עליו לרצועות ולסנדלין כיון שנתן בו את האזמל טהור דברי ר' יהודה. וחכמים אומרים עד שימעטנו פחות מחמשה טפחים ר' אלעזר בר ר' צדוק אומר אף העושה מטפחת מן העור טמאה. ומן הכסת טהורה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הבגד מטמא משום חמשה שמות. השק משום ארבעה. העור משום שלשה. העץ משום שנים וכלי חרס משום אחד. כלי חרס מטמא משום כלי קבול. כל שאין לו תוך בכלי חרס. אין לו אחוריים. מוסף עליו העץ שהוא מטמא משום מושב. וכן טבלה שאין לה לזביז. בכלי עץ טמאה. ובכלי חרס טהורה. מוסף עליו העור שהוא מטמא משום אהלים. מוסף עליו השק שהוא מטמא משום אריג. מוסף עליו הבגד שהוא מטמא משום שלש על שלש: ",
+ "הבגד מטמא משום שלשה על שלשה למדרס. ומשום שלש על שלש לטמא מת. השק ארבעה על ארבעה. העור חמשה על חמשה. מפץ. ששה על ששה. שוין למדרס ולטמא מת. רבי מאיר אומר השק שיריו ארבעה. ותחלתו משיגמר: ",
+ "העושה שנים מן הבגד ואחד מן השק שלשתן מן השק ואחד מן העור ארבעה מן העור ואחד מן המפץ. טהור. חמשה מן המפץ ואחד מן העור ארבעה מן העור ואחד מן השק. שלשה מן השק ואחד מן הבגד. טמא. זה הכלל כל שחבר לו מן החמור ממנו. טמא. מן הקל ממנו. טהור: ",
+ "המקצע מכולם טפח על טפח. טמא. משולי הקופה טפח על טפח. טמא. מצדדי הקופה ר' שמעון מטהר וחכמים אומרים המקצע טפח על טפח בכל מקום טמא: ",
+ "בלויי נפה וכברה שהתקינן לישיבה. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין עד שיקצע. כסא של קטן שיש לו רגלים. אף על פי שאין בו גבוה טפח. טמא. חלוק של קטן. רבי אליעזר אומר כל שהוא. וחכמים אומרים עד שיהיה בו כשעור ונמדד כפול: ",
+ "אלו נמדדין כפולין. אמפליא ופמוליניא. ומכנסים. וכובע. וכיס של פנדיא. ומטלית שטלייה על השפה. אם פשוטה נמדדת פשוטה. ואם כפולה נמדדת כפולה: ",
+ "הבגד שארג בו שלשה על שלשה ונטמא מדרס. והשלים עליו את כל הבגד ואחר כך נטל חוט אחד מתחלתו. טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא מגע מדרס. נטל חוט אחד מתחלתו. ואחר כך השלים עליו את כל הבגד. טמא מגע מדרס: ",
+ "וכן בגד שארג בו שלש על שלש. ונטמא טמא מת והשלים עליו את כל הבגד ואחר כך נטל חוט אחד מתחלתו. טהור מטמא מת. אבל טמא מגע טמא מת. נטל חוט אחד מתחלתו. ואחר כך השלים עליו את כל הבגד. טהור. מפני שאמרו שלש על שלש שנתמעט. טהור. אבל שלשה על שלשה שנתמעט. אף על פי שטהור ממדרס. טמא בכל הטומאות: ",
+ "סדין שהוא טמא מדרס ועשאו וילון. טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא מגע מדרס. אמר רבי יוסי וכי באיזה מדרס נגע זה. אלא אם כן נגע בו הזב. טמא במגע הזב: ",
+ "שלשה על שלשה שנחלק. טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא מגע מדרס. אמר ר' יוסי וכי באיזה מדרס נגע זה. אלא אם כן נגע בו הזב. טמא מגע הזב: ",
+ "שלשה על שלשה. באשפות. בריא וצורר מלח. בבית. או בריא. או צורר מלח. כמה מלח יהיו צורר. רובע. רבי יהודה אומר בדקה. וחכמים אומרים בגסה. אלו ואלו מתכונים להקל. רבי שמעון אומר שוים שלשה על שלשה באשפות. לשלש על שלש בבית: ",
+ "שלשה על שלשה שנקרע אם נתנו על הכסא ובשרו נוגע בכסא טהור. ואם לאו טמא. שלש על שלש שנמהה ממנה חוט אחד. או שנמצא בו קשר. או שני חוטין מתאימין. טהורה. שלש על שלש שהשליכה באשפות. טהורה. החזירה. טמאה. לעולם השלכתה מטהרתה וחזרתה מטמאתה. חוץ משל ארגמן ושל זהורית טובה. ר' אליעזר אומר אף מטלית חדשה כיוצא בהן. רבי שמעון אומר כולן טהורין. לא הוזכרו אלא מפני השבת אבדה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שלש על שלש שנתנה בכדור. או שעשאה כדור בפני עצמה. טהורה. אבל שלשה על שלשה שנתנו בכדור. טמא. עשאו כדור בפני עצמו. טהור מפני שהתפר ממעטו: ",
+ "פחות משלשה על שלשה שהתקינו לפוק בו את המרחץ. לנער בו את הקדרה לקנח בו את הרחים. בין מוכן בין שאינו מוכן. טמא. דברי ר' אליעזר. ר' יהושע אומר בין מן המוכן בין שאינו מן המוכן. טהור. ר' עקיבא אומר מן המוכן טמא. שאינו מן המוכן. טהור: ",
+ "העושה אספלנית בין בבגד בין בעור טהורה. ר' יוסי אומר על העור טהור. מלוגמא בבגד טהורה. ובעור טמאה. ר' שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אף בבגד טמאה מפני שהיא ננערת: ",
+ "מטפחות ספרים. בין מצויירות בין שאינן מצויירות. טמאות כדברי בית שמאי. בית הלל אומרים מצויירות טהורות. ושאינם מצויירות טמאות. רבן גמליאל אומר. אלו ואלו טהורות: ",
+ "כפה שהוא טמא מדרס. ונתנו על הספר טהור מן המדרס. אבל טמא טמא מת. חמת שעשאה שטיח. ושטיח שעשאו חמת. טהור. חמת שעשאה תורמל. ותורמל שעשאו חמת. כר שעשאו סדין. וסדין שעשאו כר. כסת שעשאה מטפחת. ומטפחת שעשאה כסת. טמא. זה הכלל כל ששינהו לשמו. טמא. לשם אחר. טהור: ",
+ "מטלית שטלייה על הקופה. מטמאה אחד ופוסלת אחד. הפרישה מן הקופה הקופה מטמא אחד ופוסלת אחד. והמטלית טהורה. טלייה על הבגד. מטמא שנים ופוסלת אחד. הפרישה מן הבגד. הבגד מטמא אחד. ופוסל אחד והמטלית מטמאה שנים ופוסלת אחד. וכן הטולה על השק או על העור. דברי ר' מאיר. ר' שמעון מטהר. ר' יוסי אומר על העור. טהור. על השק. טמא. מפני שהוא אריג: ",
+ "שלש על שלש שאמרו. חוץ מן המלל. דברי ר' שמעון. וחכמים אומרים שלש על שלש מכוונת. טלייה על הבגד. מרוח אחת אינו חבור. משתי רוחות זו כנגד זו חבור. עשאו כמין גאם. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. אמר רבי יהודה במה דברים אמורים בטלית. אבל בחלוק. מלמעלן חבור. ומלמטן אינו חבור: ",
+ "בגדי עניים. אף על פי שאין בהם שלש על שלש. הרי אלו טמאין מדרס. טלית שהתחיל בה לקרעה. כיון שנקרע רובה אינו חבור. העבים והרכים. אין בהם משום שלש על שלש: ",
+ "כסת הסבלין טמאה מדרס. משמרת של יין אין בה משום מושב. סבכה של זקנה. טמאה משום מושב. חלוק של יוצאת החוץ. העשוי כסבכה. טהור. העושה בגד מן החרם טהור. ומזוטו. טמא. רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר. אף העושה בגד מן החרם וכפלו. טמא: ",
+ "סבכה שהתחיל בה מפיה. טהורה עד שיגמור את קורקורתה. התחיל בה מקורקורתה. טהורה עד שיגמור את פיה. שביס שלה טמא בפני עצמו. החוטין שלה. טמאין משום חבור. סבכה שנקרעה. אם אינה מקבלת את רוב השער. טהורה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "נומי הסדין. והסודרין. והטרטין. והפליון של ראש. שש אצבעות. של אפקרסין עשר. נימי סגוס. והרדיד. והחלוק. והטלית. שלש אצבעות. נימי כפה של זקנה. והגומדין של ערביין. והקולקין. והפונדא והמעפורת. והפרגוד. נימיהן כל שהן: ",
+ "שלש כסתות של צמר. שש של פשתן. שלשה סדינין. שתים עשרה מטפחות. שני סובריקין. חלוק אחד. טלית אחד. קלובקרין אחד. חבור לטומאה ולהזייה. יתר מכאן. חבור לטומאה ואין חבור להזייה. רבי יוסי אומר אף לא לטומאה: ",
+ "חוט המשקולת שנים עשר. של חרשין שמנה עשר. של בנין חמשים אמה. יתר מכאן. אם רצה לקיים טהור. של סיידין. ושל ציירין כל שהן: ",
+ "חוט מאזנים של זהבים. ושל שוקלי ארגמן טוב. שלש אצבעות. יד הקורדום מאחריו. שלש אצבעות. רבי יוסי אומר טפח טהור: ",
+ "חוט מאזנים של חנונים של בעלי בתים. טפח. יד הקרדום מלפניו. טפח. שירי יד הפרגול. טפח. יד מקבת של יד. של מפתחי אבנים. טפח: ",
+ "חוט מאזנים של צמרים. ושל שוקלי זכוכית. טפחים. יד המקור. טפחים. יד המעצד של לגיונות. טפחים. יד הקורנס של זהבים. טפחים. ושל חרשין. שלשה טפחים: ",
+ "שירי הדרבן מלמעלן. ארבעה. יד הבדיד. ארבעה. יד הקרדום של נכוש. חמשה. יד בן הפטיש. חמשה. ושל הפטיש. ששה. יד הקרדום של בקוע. ושל עדיר. ששה. ויד מקבת של סתתין. ששה: ",
+ "שירי חרחור מלמטן. שבעה. יד מגריפה. של בעלי בתים. בית שמאי אומרים שבעה. בית הלל אומרים שמנה. של סיידין בית שמאי אומרים תשעה. בית הלל אומרים עשרה. יתר מכאן. אם רצה לקיים. טמא. ויד משמשי האור. כל שהוא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כלי זכוכית פשוטיהן טהורין. ומקבליהן טמאים. נשברו טהרו. חזר ועשה מהן כלים. מקבלין טומאה מכאן ולהבא. הטבלא. והאסקוטלא של זכוכית. טהורין. אם יש להן לזביז טמאים. שולי קערה ושולי אסקוטלא של זכוכית. שהתקינן לתשמיש. טהורין. קירטסן או שפן בשופין. טמאין: ",
+ "אספקלריא. טהורה. ותמחוי שעשאו אספקלריא. טמא. ואם מתחלה עשאו לשם אספקלריא טהור. תרווד שהוא נתנו על השלחן. אם מקבל כל שהוא. טמא. ואם לאו. ר' עקיבא מטמא. רבי יוחנן בן נורי מטהר. ",
+ "כוס שנפגם רובו. טהור. נפגם בו שלש ברובו. טהור. ר' שמעון אומר אם מפזר הוא את רוב המים. טהור. ניקב ועשאו. בין בבעץ בין בזפת טהור. רבי יוסי אומר בבעץ טמא. ובזפת. טהור: ",
+ "צלוחית קטנה שניטל פיה. טמאה. וגדולה שניטל פיה. טהורה. של פלייטון שניטל פיה. טהורה. מפני שהיא סורחת את היד. לגינין גדולים שניטל פיהן. טמאין. מפני שהוא מתקנן לכבשין. והארפכס של זכוכית טהורה. אמר רבי יוסי אשריך כלים שנכנסת בטומאה. ויצאת בטהרה: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3188fd5b1560a44500a2b98d82f9aa96e8596999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וּטְמֵא מֵת, וְהַמְּצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּמַגָּע, וּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ בַּאֲוִיר, וְאֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶם, נְבֵלָה, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, שֶׁהֵם מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הָאָדָם בְּמַשָּׂא לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע, וַחֲשׂוּכֵי בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְרֻקּוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וְדַם הַנִּדָּה, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מֶרְכָּב, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַּחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמֶּרְכָּב, מִשְׁכָּב, שֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב, הַזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב, וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּב, זָבָה, שֶׁהִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּבָה, מְצֹרָע, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמְּצֹרָע, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. חָמוּר מִכֻּלָּם, הַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֻּלָּם מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "עֶשֶׂר טֻמְאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם. מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּמֻתָּר בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְבוּל יוֹם, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה וּמֻתָּר בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי, אָסוּר בִּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת זָב שֶׁרָאָה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, וְצָרִיךְ בִּיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים, וּפָטוּר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. רָאָה שָׁלֹשׁ, חַיָּב בַּקָּרְבָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת מְצֹרָע מֻסְגָּר, מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה, וּפָטוּר מִן הַפְּרִיעָה וּמִן הַפְּרִימָה וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת וּמִן הַצִּפֳּרִים. וְאִם הָיָה מֻחְלָט, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. פֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֵבָר שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל. וְאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. שִׁעוּר בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, כְּדֵי לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיפוֹ בְחוּט עֵרֶב, יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה: \n",
+ "עֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת הֵן, אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת. וּמַה הִיא קְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, שֶׁמְּבִיאִים מִמֶּנָּה הָעֹמֶר וְהַבִּכּוּרִים וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, מַה שֶּׁאֵין מְבִיאִים כֵּן מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת: \n",
+ "עֲיָרוֹת הַמֻּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁוֹת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחִים מִתּוֹכָן אֶת הַמְּצֹרָעִים, וּמְסַבְּבִין לְתוֹכָן מֵת עַד שֶׁיִּרְצוּ. יָצָא, אֵין מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ: \n",
+ "לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶם, שֶׁאוֹכְלִים שָׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. הַר הַבַּיִת מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין זָבִים וְזָבוֹת, נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. הַחֵיל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין גּוֹיִם וּטְמֵא מֵת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. עֶזְרַת נָשִׁים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין טְבוּל יוֹם נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְאֵין חַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת צָרְכֵיהֶם, לִסְמִיכָה לִשְׁחִיטָה וְלִתְנוּפָה: \n",
+ "בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. הַהֵיכָל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לְשָׁם שֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלָיִם. קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶם, שֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לְשָׁם אֶלָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ שָׁוֶה לַהֵיכָל, שֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ, וּשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן, וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם, וּפוֹרְשִׁין מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ בִּשְׁעַת הַקְטָרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי עֵץ, וּכְלֵי עוֹר, וּכְלֵי עֶצֶם, וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִים, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶם כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, טֻמְאָתָן שָׁוָה. מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, וּמִטַּמְּאִין מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין מִגַּבֵּיהֶן, וּשְׁבִירָתָן הִיא טָהֳרָתָן: \n",
+ "הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן, מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד לֹג. מִלֹּג וְעַד סְאָה, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִסְּאָה וְעַד סָאתַיִם, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִסָּאתַיִם וְעַד שָׁלֹשׁ וְעַד חָמֵשׁ סְאִין, בְּלֹג, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי אֵינִי נוֹתֵן בָּהֶן מִדָּה, אֶלָּא, הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד קְדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת. מֵהַקְּדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת וְעַד חָבִיּוֹת לוּדִיּוֹת, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִלּוּדִיּוֹת וְעַד לַחְמִיּוֹת, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִלַּחְמִיּוֹת וְעַד חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, בְּלֹג. רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי אוֹמֵר, חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בִּשְׁנֵי לֻגִּין. הַפַּכִּים הַגְּלִילִים וְהֶחָבִיּוֹנוֹת, שִׁעוּר קַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וְאֵין לָהֶם דְּפָנוֹת: \n",
+ "הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה פְרוּצָה, וְאַבּוּב שֶׁל קַלָּאִין, וְסִילוֹנוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי כְפוּפִין אַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, וְכַבְכָּב שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לְסַל הַפַּת, וּטְפִי שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָעֲנָבִים, וְחָבִית שֶׁל שַׁיָּטִין, וְחָבִית דְּפוּנָה בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְהַמִּטָּה, וְהַכִּסֵּא, וְהַסַּפְסָל, וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְהַסְּפִינָה, וְהַמְּנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם: \n",
+ "פַּנָּס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ, טָהוֹר. מְגוּפַת הַיּוֹצְרִין שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁהוּא גוֹמֵר בָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. מַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל רוֹכְלִין, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל מִדָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ וּמֵרִיחַ בּוֹ לַלּוֹקֵחַ: \n",
+ "כִּסּוּי כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וְכִסּוּי חָבִיוֹת נְיָרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם הִתְקִינוֹ לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְמֵאִים. כְּסוּי הַלְּפָס, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נָקוּב וְיֶשׁ לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. אִם אֵינוֹ נָקוּב וְאֵין לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְסַנֶּנֶת לְתוֹכוֹ אֶת הַיָּרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא הוֹפֶכֶת עָלָיו אֶת הָרוּנְקִי: \n",
+ "גִּסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּכִּבְשָׁן, עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מִשֶּׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. טִיטְרוֹס, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְמוֹצִיא פְרוּטוֹת: \n",
+ "הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה שְׁלֵמָה, וְטַבְלָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה קְעָרוֹת. נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶם בְּשֶׁרֶץ, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּם. אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמְאָה אַחַת מֵהֶם, נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן. וְכֵן בֵּית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל חֶרֶס, וְקַלְמָרִים הַמְּתֹאָמוֹת. וּבֵית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל עֵץ, שֶׁנִּטְמָא אֶחָד בְּמַשְׁקֶה, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין אֶת עָבְיוֹ. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ: \n",
+ "הַלַּפִּיד, טָמֵא. וּבֵית שִׁקְעוֹ שֶׁל נֵר, מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. הַמַּסְרֵק שֶׁל צַרְצוּר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שִׁעוּר כְּלִי חֶרֶס לִטַּהֵר, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְמַשְׁקִין. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִין אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ בְזֵיתִים: \n",
+ "חָבִית, שִׁעוּרָהּ בִּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֶּאֱגוֹזִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. הַלְּפָס וְהַקְּדֵרָה, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הַפַּךְ וְהַטְּפִי, שִׁעוּרָן בְּשָׁמֶן. וְהַצַּרְצוּר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְמָיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּזֵרְעוֹנִין. נֵר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְשָׁמֶן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בִּפְרוּטָה קְטַנָּה. נֵר שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיו, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל אֲדָמָה שֶׁהֻסַּק פִּיו בַּפְּתִילָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בְּזֶפֶת, וְנִשְׁבְּרָה, אִם יֵשׁ בִּמְקוֹם הַזֶּפֶת מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. חֶרֶס שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, אַף עַל פִּי מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלָיו: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וּטְפָלָהּ בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִים נוֹפְלִים, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. נִשְׁבְּרָה וְדִבֵּק מִמֶּנָּה חַרְסִית, אוֹ שֶׁהֵבִיא חַרְסִית מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וּטְפָלָן בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִין עוֹמְדִים, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. הָיָה בָהּ חֶרֶס מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, כֻּלָּהּ מִטַּמָּא בְמַגָּע, וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר: \n",
+ "הַטּוֹפֵל כְּלִי חֶרֶס הַבָּרִיא, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמְּאִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַטּוֹפֵל אֶת הַבָּרִיא, טָהוֹר. וְאֶת הָרָעוּעַ, טָמֵא. וְכֵן בְּחִדּוּק הַקֵּרוּיָה: \n",
+ "יַבְּלִית שֶׁטּוֹפְלִין בָּהּ הַפִּטָּסִין, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָמֵא. מְגוּפַת חָבִית, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּטִפּוּלוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "מֵחַם שֶׁטְּפָלוֹ בְחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֹמֶר, טָמֵא. וּבַחַרְסִית, טָהוֹר. קוּמְקוּם שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אֶת הַחַמִּין כְּצוֹנֵן. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּכְלֵי זֶפֶת. כְּלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁזְּפָתָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לְיַיִן, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בְּזֶפֶת יָתֵר מִצָּרְכָּהּ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכָּהּ, טָמֵא. יָתֵר מִצָּרְכָּהּ, טָהוֹר. זֶפֶת שֶׁנָּטְפָה עַל הֶחָבִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָהוֹר. מַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁל עֵץ וְשֶׁל חֶרֶס שֶׁפְּקָקוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא בְשֶׁל עֵץ, וּמְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל חֶרֶס. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַחֶרֶס שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָזְנוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בוֹ חִדּוּד וְהַחִדּוּד מַכְרִיעוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הָאֹזֶן, נִשְׁבַּר הַחִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. חָבִית שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה, וְהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת עַל דָּפְנוֹתֶיהָ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה כְמִין שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וְאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִטַּלְטֵל בַּחֲצִי קַב גְּרוֹגָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. גִּסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וְאֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת מַשְׁקִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת אֳכָלִין, טְהוֹרָה שֶׁאֵין שְׁיָרִין לִשְׁיָרִין: \n",
+ "אֵיזוֹ הִיא גִסְטְרָא, כֹּל שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ אָזְנֶיהָ. הָיוּ בָהּ חִדּוּדִין יוֹצְאִין, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. הָיְתָה מֻטָּה עַל צִדָּהּ כְּמִין קַתֶּדְרָה, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. שׁוּלֵי קוֹרְפִיּוֹת וְשׁוּלֵי קוֹסִים הַצִּידוֹנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לֵישֵׁב שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁלְּכָךְ נַעֲשׂוּ מִתְּחִלָּתָן: \n",
+ "כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ שְׂפָיוֹת, הַפְּנִימִית עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הַחִיצוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. הָאֶמְצָעִית עוֹדֶפֶת, מִמֶּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִמֶּנָּה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ שָׁווֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין הָאֶמְצָעִית. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיִּצָּרְפוּ בַכִּבְשָׁן, וְהִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "תַּנּוּר, תְּחִלָּתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה, וּשְׁיָרָיו אַרְבָּעָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּגָדוֹל. אֲבָל בְּקָטָן, תְּחִלָּתוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וּשְׁיָרָיו רֻבּוֹ, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. אֵיזֶהוּ גְמַר מְלַאכְתּוֹ, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בּוֹ סֻפְגָּנִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיק אֶת הֶחָדָשׁ, כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בַּיָּשָׁן סֻפְגָּנִין: \n",
+ "כִּירָה, תְּחִלָּתָהּ שָׁלֹשׁ, וּשְׁיָרֶיהָ שָׁלֹשׁ, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּהּ. אֵיזֶהוּ גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּהּ, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה, כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ בֵיצָה קַלָּה שֶׁבַּבֵּיצִים, טְרוּפָה וּנְתוּנָה בְאִלְפָּס. הַכֻּפָּח, עֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּתַּנּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּכִּירָה. הָאֶבֶן הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַתַּנּוּר טֶפַח, וּמִן הַכִּירָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, חִבּוּר. הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַכֻּפָּח, עֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּתַּנּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּכִּירָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, לֹא אָמְרוּ טֶפַח, אֶלָּא בֵין הַתַּנּוּר וְלַכֹּתֶל. הָיוּ שְׁנֵי תַנּוּרִין סְמוּכִים זֶה לָזֶה, נוֹתֵן לָזֶה טֶפַח וְלָזֶה טֶפַח, וְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "עֲטֶרֶת כִּירָה, טְהוֹרָה. טִירַת הַתַּנּוּר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. אִם חִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים טְמֵאָה. בֵּית הַפַּךְ וּבֵית הַתְּבָלִין וּבֵית הַנֵּר שֶׁבַּכִּירָה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁהֻסַּק מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, אוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק בְּבֵית הָאֻמָּן, טָמֵא. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנָּפְלָה דְלֵקָה בְתַנּוּרֵי כְפַר סִגְנָה, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לְיַבְנֶה, וְטִמְּאָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \n",
+ "מוּסַף הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו אֶת הַשַּׁפּוּד. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אוֹפֶה בוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא נִדְחָק. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, מוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ עָפָר עַד חֶצְיוֹ, מֵעָפָר וּלְמַטָּן, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע. מֵעָפָר וּלְמַעְלָן, מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. נְתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת, וְנָתַן שָׁם אֶבֶן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן, וְהוּא נִסּוֹק מִלְמַעְלָן, טָמֵא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הוֹאִיל וְהֻסַּק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּטְמָא, כֵּיצַד מְטַהֲרִין אוֹתוֹ. חוֹלְקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, וְגוֹרֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִגְרֹר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה, וְלֹא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ, אֶלָּא מְמַעֲטוֹ מִבִּפְנִים אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיעוֹ. חִלְּקוֹ לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר. חֲלָקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל כִּשְׁנַיִם, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וּשְׁנַיִם הַקְּטַנִּים טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "חֲתָכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת לְרָחְבּוֹ, פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. מֵרְחוֹ בְטִיט, מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בּוֹ סֻפְגָּנִין. הִרְחִיק מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה וְנָתַן חֹל אוֹ צְרוֹר בֵּינְתַיִם, בָּזֶה אָמְרוּ, הַנִּדָּה וְהַטְּהוֹרָה אוֹפוֹת בּוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁבָּא מְחֻתָּךְ מִבֵּית הָאֻמָּן, וְעָשָׂה בוֹ לִמּוּדִין, וְנוֹתְנָן עָלָיו וְהוּא טָהוֹר, נִטְמָא. וְסִלֵּק אֶת לִמּוּדָיו, טָהוֹר. הֶחֱזִירָן לוֹ, טָהוֹר. מֵרְחוֹ בְטִיט, מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיקֶנּוּ, שֶׁכְּבָר הֻסָּק: \n",
+ "חֲתָכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת וְנָתַן חֹל בֵּין חֻלְיָא לְחֻלְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. זֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל עַכְנָאי. יוֹרוֹת הָעַרְבִיִּין שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֵר בָּאָרֶץ וְטָח בְּטִיט, אִם יָכוֹל הַטִּיחַ לַעֲמוֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, טָהוֹר. וְזֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן דִּינָאי: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת. נִקַּב, נִפְגַּם, נִסְדַּק, עָשָׂה לוֹ טְפֵלָה, אוֹ מוּסָף שֶׁל טִיט, טָמֵא. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בַנֶּקֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ הָאוּר. וְכֵן בְּכִירָה. כִּירָה שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת טְהוֹרָה, וּטְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, נִקְּבָה, נִפְגְּמָה, נִסְדְּקָה, עָשָׂה לָהּ פִּטְפּוּטִין, טְמֵאָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִבִּפְנִים טְמֵאָה, וּמִבַּחוּץ טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁלֹשָׁה פִטְפּוּטִים בָּאָרֶץ וְחִבְּרָן בְּטִיט לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, טְמֵאָה. קָבַע שְׁלֹשָׁה מַסְמְרִין בָּאָרֶץ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן הַקְּדֵרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁתְּהֵא הַקְּדֵרָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים כִּירָה וְחִבְּרָם בְּטִיט, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁלִישִׁית, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּסְמֹךְ לַכֹּתֶל. אַחַת בְּטִיט וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בְטִיט, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "הָאֶבֶן שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹפֵת עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַתַּנּוּר, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכִּירָה, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֻּפָּח, טְמֵאָה. עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הָאֶבֶן, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַסֶּלַע, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. וְזוֹ הָיְתָה כִּירַת הַנְּזִירִים שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַסָּלַע. כִּירַת הַטַּבָּחִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן אֶבֶן בְּצַד אֶבֶן, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶן, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתֵּי כִירַיִם, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מִן הַחִיצוֹנָה, הָאֶמְצָעִית הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, טְמֵאָה. הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת הַטְּהוֹרָה, טְהוֹרָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּהוֹרָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לְטֻמְאָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּמֵאָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לִטְהוֹרָה. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת, אִם הָיְתָה הָאֶמְצָעִית גְּדוֹלָה, נוֹתֵן לָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן וְלָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן, וְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִטְּלָה הָאֶמְצָעִית, אִם יָכוֹל לִשְׁפֹּת עָלֶיהָ יוֹרָה גְדוֹלָה, טְמֵאָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַבֵּיצָה: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָם כִּירָה וְנִטְמְאוּ, סָמַךְ לָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּאן, וְלָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּאן, חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ טְמֵאָה וְחֶצְיָהּ טְהוֹרָה, וְחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ טְמֵאָה וְחֶצְיָהּ טְהוֹרָה. נִטְּלוּ טְהוֹרוֹת, חָזְרוּ אֵלּוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַקַּלָתוּת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִים שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה פָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן וּקְדֵרָה בְשֵׁלָה מִלְמַעְלָן. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. נָתַן אֶבֶן אוֹ צְרוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. זוֹ הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבַת רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְתַנּוּר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת: \n",
+ "דָּכוֹן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל קְדֵרוֹת, טָהוֹר מִשּׁוּם כִּירָה, וְטָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. הַצְּדָדִין שֶׁלּוֹ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶם אֵינוֹ טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כִּירָה. הָרַחַב שֶׁלּוֹ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. וְכֵן הַכּוֹפֶה אֶת הַסַּל וְעוֹשֶׂה עַל גַּבָּיו כִּירָה: \n",
+ "כִּירָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וּלְרָחְבָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. כֻּפָּח שֶׁנֶּחְלַק בֵּין לְאָרְכּוֹ בֵּין לְרָחְבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. חֲצַר הַכִּירָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וְאֵינָהּ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. כֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אֶת הַשַּׁפּוּד מִלְמַעְלָן לְמַטָּן וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, נִטְמְאָה הַכִּירָה, נִטְמֵאת הֶחָצֵר. נִטְמְאָה הֶחָצֵר, לֹא נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת מִן הַכִּירָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמָּא בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲלָקָה, טְהוֹרָה. פִּטְפּוּטֵי כִירָה, שְׁלֹשָׁה, שֶׁל שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הֵן טְמֵאִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן אַרְבָּעָה: \n",
+ "נִטַּל אַחַד מֵהֶן, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. עָשָׂה שְׁנַיִם, זֶה כְנֶגֶד זֶה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ גְבוֹהִין מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַטָּן מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַעְלָן מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ מְשׁוּכִים מִן הַשָּׂפָה, בְּתוֹךְ שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, חוּץ מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָן. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אֶת הַכַּנָּה בֵּינֵיהֶן, מִן הַכַּנָּה וְלַחוּץ טָהוֹר, מִן הַכַּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, וּמְקוֹם הַכַּנָּה טָמֵא: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁחֲצָצוֹ בִנְסָרִים אוֹ בִירִיעוֹת, נִמְצָא שֶׁרֶץ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כַּוֶּרֶת פְּחוּתָה וּפְקוּקָה בְקַשׁ וּמְשֻׁלְשֶׁלֶת לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִין. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, אִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, לֹא תַצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶס הַקַּל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, שֶׁכֵּן חוֹלְקִים אֹהָלִים, תַּצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶס הַקַּל, שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִים כְּלִי חָרֶס: ",
+ "הָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, וְכֵן הַקֻּפָּה, וְכֵן הַחֵמֶת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְהוֹרִין. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה: ",
+ "סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר וְשׁוֹקַעַת לְתוֹכוֹ וְאֵין לָהּ גַּפַּיִם, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶס אֶלָּא כֵלִים. חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, וּנְתוּנָה לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. הָיְתָה כְפוּיָה וּפִיהָ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי הֶחָבִית טָהוֹר: ",
+ "קְדֵרָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵין כְּלִי חֶרֶס מְטַמֵּא כֵלִים. הָיָה בָהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, נִטְמָא וְטִמְּאָהּ. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: ",
+ "תַּרְנְגוֹל שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר. וְאִם מֵת, טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בַתַּנּוּר, הַפַּת שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, שְׁנִיָּה, שֶׁהַתַּנּוּר תְּחִלָּה: ",
+ "בֵּית שְׂאֹר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל וְנָתוּן לְתוֹךְ הַתַּנּוּר, הַשְּׂאֹר וְהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכוֹ וְהַקֶּרֶץ בֵּינְתַיִם, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא וְהַשְּׂאֹר טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיָה כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, הַתַּנּוּר וְהַבַּיִת טָמֵא, וְהַשְּׂאֹר טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: ",
+ "הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָעַיִן שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, בָּעַיִן שֶׁל כִּירָה, בָּעַיִן שֶׁל כֻּפָּח, מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיָה בָאֲוִיר, אֲפִלּוּ כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, טָהוֹר. וְאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: ",
+ "נִמְצָא מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הָעֵצִים, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַבַּלָּן, מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַצַּבָּע, מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, טָהוֹר. אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִן הַסְּתִימָה וְלִפְנִים: ",
+ "בּוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי זְכוּכִית, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. כִּבְשָׁן שֶׁל סַיָּדִין וְשֶׁל זַגָּגִין וְשֶׁל יוֹצְרִים, טְהוֹרָה. פוּרְנָה, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ אִסְטְגִיּוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׂפָיוֹת: ",
+ "מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת, שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וְהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא, נִטְמָאוּ. הָיָה אוֹכֵל דְּבֵלָה בְיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת, הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו לִטֹּל אֶת הַצְּרוֹר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָפַךְ, טָמֵא. אִם לֹא הָפַךְ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה פֻנְדְּיוֹן לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם לִצְמָאוֹ, טָמֵא: ",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּטַף חָלָב מִדַּדֶּיהָ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁהַמַּשְׁקֶה מְטַמֵּא לְרָצוֹן וְשֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן. הָיְתָה גוֹרַפְתּוֹ וְהִכַּתָּהּ הַקּוֹץ וְיָצָא מִמֶּנָּה דָם, אוֹ שֶׁנִּכְוָת וְנָתְנָה אֶצְבָּעָהּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהָ, נִטְמָא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "מַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בִנְחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, נִרְאִין אֲבָל לֹא יוֹצְאִים, אִם אוֹפֶה אֶת הַבָּצֵק וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, טָמֵא. בְּאֵיזֶה בָצֵק אָמְרוּ, בְּבָצֵק הַבֵּינוֹנִי. נִמְצְאוּ בִטְפֵלַת הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, אִם בְּטָמֵא, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם בְּטָהוֹר, טְהוֹרִים. נִמְצְאוּ בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית, מִצִּדֶּיהָ, טְמֵאִים, מִכְּנֶגֶד פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרִים. נִרְאִין בְּתוֹכָהּ אֲבָל לֹא לַאֲוִירָהּ, טְהוֹרִין. שׁוֹקְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ וְתַחְתֵּיהֶם כִּקְלִפַּת הַשּׁוּם, טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין וּמְנִיקָת בְּתוֹכָהּ, מֻקֶּפֶת צָמִיד פָּתִיל וּנְתוּנָה בְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, וּמְנִיקָת טְמֵאָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִין, אַף מְנִיקָת טְהוֹרָה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, חַי נָפַל וְעַכְשָׁיו מֵת. מַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, שָׁם הָיוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא הַתַּנּוּר. נִמְצְאוּ בְאֵפֶר מִקְלֶה, טָמֵא, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בַמֶּה יִתְלֶה: \n",
+ "סְפוֹג שֶׁבָּלַע מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין וְנָגוּב מִבַּחוּץ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. וְכֵן חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל לֶפֶת וְשֶׁל גֶּמִי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "חֲרָסִין שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין וְנָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הֻסַּק הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. וְכֵן בְּגֶפֶת חֲדָשָׁה, אֲבָל בִּישָׁנָה, טָהוֹר. וְאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, נִטְמָא: \n",
+ "הַגֶּפֶת וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה וְהָלְכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טְמֵאִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְהוֹרִין, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן נַעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה. כּוּשׁ שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַצִּנּוֹרָא, מַלְמָד שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַדָּרְבָן, לְבֵנָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אֶת הַטַּבַּעַת, וְהֵן טְהוֹרִים, נִכְנְסוּ לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, נִטְמָאוּ. הֱסִיטָן הַזָּב, נִטְמָאוּ. נָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. נָגַע בָּהֶן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, נִסְדַּק מִן הַתַּנּוּר לַסְּרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נִכְנָס. נִסְדְּקָה סְרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּע נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. הָיָה עָגֹל, אֵין רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ אָרֹךְ, אֶלָּא שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ נִכְנָס: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּקַּב מֵעֵינוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. נִקַּב מִצִּדּוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, שִׁעוּרָהּ מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל שִׁיפוֹן. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בַּחֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ, שִׁעוּרָם מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל קָנֶה. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְיַיִן, אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ לִשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם. אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל וּבְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵלּוּ כֵלִים מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל, כְּלֵי גְלָלִים, כְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, כְּלֵי אֲדָמָה, כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, עַצְמוֹת הַדָּג וְעוֹרוֹ, עַצְמוֹת חַיָּה שֶׁבַּיָּם וְעוֹרָהּ, וּכְלֵי עֵץ הַטְּהוֹרִים. מַצִּילִים בֵּין מִפִּיהֶם בֵּין מִצִּדֵּיהֶן, בֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶן בֵּין מֻטִּין עַל צִדֵּיהֶן. הָיוּ כְפוּיִים עַל פִּיהֶן, מַצִּילִים כֹּל שֶׁתַּחְתֵּיהֶן עַד הַתְּהוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. עַל הַכֹּל מַצִּילִין, חוּץ מִכְּלֵי חֶרֶס, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס: \n",
+ "בַּמֶּה מַקִּיפִים. בְּסִיד וּבְגִפְּסִיס, בְּזֶפֶת וּבְשַׁעֲוָה, בְּטִיט וּבְצוֹאָה, בְּחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, וּבְכָל דָּבָר הַמִּתְמָרֵחַ. אֵין מַקִּיפִים לֹא בְּבַעַץ וְלֹא בְעוֹפֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פָתִיל וְאֵינוֹ צָמִיד. אֵין מַקִּיפִין לֹא בִדְבֵלָה שְׁמֵנָה, וְלֹא בְּבָצֵק שֶׁנִּלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִידֵי פְסוּל. וְאִם הִקִּיף, הִצִּיל: \n",
+ "מְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית הַמְחֻלְחֶלֶת וְאֵינָהּ נִשְׁמֶטֶת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מַצֶּלֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת. הָיָה בֵית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ שׁוֹקֵעַ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הֶחָבִית טְמֵאָה. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בֶּחָבִית, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִים: \n",
+ "הַכַּדּוּר וְהַפְּקַעַת שֶׁל גֶּמִי שֶׁנְּתָנָן עַל פִּי הֶחָבִית, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, לֹא הִצִּיל, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִלְמַעְלָן וּמִלְּמַטָּן. וְכֵן בְּמַטְלִית שֶׁל בֶּגֶד. הָיְתָה שֶׁל נְיָר אוֹ שֶׁל עוֹר, וּקְשָׁרָהּ בִּמְשִׁיחָה, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, הִצִּיל: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְקַלְּפָה וְהַזֶּפֶת שֶׁלָּהּ עוֹמֶדֶת, וְכֵן קְבוֹסִים שֶׁל מֻרְיָס שֶׁגְּפָתָן עִם הַשָּׂפָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵינָם מַצִּילִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַצִּילִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וּסְתָמוּהָ שְׁמָרִים, הִצִּילוּהָ. פְּקָקָהּ בִּזְמוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִים. הָיוּ שְׁתַּיִם, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין וּבֵין זְמוֹרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ. נֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, הִצִּיל. הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין וּבֵין נֶסֶר לַחֲבֵרוֹ. עֲשָׂאָן בְּסִינִין אוֹ בְשֹׁגְמִין, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְמָרֵחַ מִן הָאֶמְצָע: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר יָשָׁן בְּתוֹךְ הֶחָדָשׁ וּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי הַיָּשָׁן, נִטַּל הַיָּשָׁן וּסְרֵידָה נוֹפֶלֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. חָדָשׁ בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּשָׁן וּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי הַיָּשָׁן, אִם אֵין בֵּין חָדָשׁ לַסְּרֵידָה פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, כֹּל שֶׁבֶּחָדָשׁ טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "לְפָסִין זוֹ בְתוֹךְ זוֹ וְשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה אוֹ בַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הָיוּ בְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הִיא וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה. בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כְּלִי, חָזְרוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן הַיְשָׁנָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא לְכָל טֻמְאָה, אֶלָּא לְטֻמְאַת הַנָּפֶשׁ: \n",
+ "כָּל כְּלִי מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַדֶּלֶת, וּמִן הַנֶּגֶר, וּמִן הַמַּנְעוּל, וְהַפּוֹתָה שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּיר, וְהַצִּיר, וְהַקּוֹרָה, וְהַצִּנּוֹר, שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לַקַּרְקָע: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הָעֶשֶׁת, וּמִן הַחֲרָרָה, וּמִן הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, וּמִן הַטַּסִּין, וּמִן הַצִּפּוּיִין, מִכַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וּמֵאֹגְנֵי כֵלִים, מֵאָזְנֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַשְּׁחוֹלֶת, וּמִן הַגְּרוּדוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף מִן הַקְּצוּצוֹת. מִשִּׁבְרֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַגְּרוּטִים, וּמִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ מִכְּלִי, טְמֵאִין. מִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. וְכֵן מִן הַחֲלָמָא וּמִן הַגְּלָלִים. קְלוֹסְטְרָא, טְמֵאָה. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַפִּין, וְהַפּוּרְנָה, טְמֵאִין. וְהַקְּלוֹסְטְרָא, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹמְטָהּ מִפֶּתַח זֶה וְתוֹלָהּ בַּחֲבֵרוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הִיא לוֹ כְּכָל הַכֵּלִים, וּמִטַּלְטֶלֶת בֶּחָצֵר: \n",
+ "עַקְרָב שֶׁל פְּרֻמְבְּיָא, טְמֵאָה. וּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא בַלְּחָיָיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא עַקְרָב. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: \n",
+ "פִּיקָה שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַכּוּשׁ, וְהָאִימָּה, וְהַמַּקֵּל, וְסִמְפּוֹנְיָה, וְחָלִיל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאִין. וּמְצֻפִּין, טְהוֹרִים. סִמְפּוֹנְיָה, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל כְּנָפַיִם, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "קֶרֶן עֲגֻלָּה, טְמֵאָה. וּפְשׁוּטָה, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הָיְתָה מְצֻפִּית שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה. הַקַּב שֶׁלָּהּ, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, קְנֵי מְנוֹרָה, טְהוֹרִין. הַפֶּרַח וְהַבָּסִיס, טְמֵאִים. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: \n",
+ "קַסְדָּא, טְמֵאָה. וּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִים. אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַיִם, טְמֵאִים. כָּל כְּלֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה, טְמֵאִים. הַכִּידוֹן, הַנִּיקוֹן, וְהַמַּגָּפַיִן, וְהַשִּׁרְיוֹן, טְמֵאִין. כָּל תַּכְשִׁיטֵי נָשִׁים, טְמֵאִים. עִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, קַטְלָיוֹת, נְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת, וְטַבַּעַת, בֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ חוֹתָם וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין לָהּ חוֹתָם, נִזְמֵי הָאָף. קַטְלָה שֶׁחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת בְּחוּט שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן אוֹ שֶׁל צֶמֶר, נִפְסַק הַחוּט, הַחֻלְיוֹת טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת כְּלִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. חוּט שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, וְחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, וְשֶׁל זְכוּכִית, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ הַחֻלְיוֹת, הַחוּט בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ קַיָּם, טָמֵא. שְׁיָרֵי קַטְלָא, כִּמְלֹא צַוַּאר קְטַנָּה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ טַבַּעַת אַחַת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁכֵּן תּוֹלִין בַּצַּוָּאר: \n",
+ "נֶזֶם שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי כִּקְדֵרָה מִלְּמַטָּן וְכָעֲדָשָׁה מִלְמַעְלָן, וְנִפְרַק, כִּקְדֵרָה טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי בֵית קִבּוּל, וְכָעֲדָשָׁה טָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. צִנּוֹרָא, טְהוֹרָה. הֶעָשׂוּי כְּמִין אֶשְׁכּוֹל, וְנִפְרַק, טָהוֹר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "טַבַּעַת אָדָם, טְמֵאָה. טַבַּעַת בְּהֵמָה וְכֵלִים וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטַּבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת. קוֹרַת הַחִצִּים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אֲסִירִין, טְהוֹרָה. הַקּוֹלָר, טְמֵאָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית נְעִילָה, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִכְפִיתָה, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל סִיטוֹנוֹת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַפְתֵּחַ אֶחָד, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, אוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר חִלָּזוֹן בְּרֹאשָׁהּ, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "קְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל סָרוֹקוֹת, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי אֻנְקְלָיוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ אֻנְקְלָיוֹת, טָמֵא. אֻנְקְלִין שֶׁל כַּתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו טְמֵאָה, וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו טְהוֹרָה. אֻנְקְלִי דַרְגָּשׁ, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַקְלִיטִין, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שִׁדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אָקוֹן, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁל מְנוֹרַת הָעֵץ, טָהוֹר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְהַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. וְכֻלָּן, אַחַת אַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וְשֶׁל רוֹפְאִים, טָמֵא. הַדֶּלֶת שֶׁבַּמִּגְדָּל, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל רוֹפְאִים, טְמֵאָה. הַיַּתּוּכִין, טְמֵאִים. וְהַפְּרָכִין, טְהוֹרִין. עַקְרַב בֵּית הַבַּד, טְמֵאָה. וְאֻנְקְלִי שֶׁבַּכְּתָלִים, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מַסְמֵר הַגָּרָע, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל אֶבֶן הַשָּׁעוֹת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. מַסְמֵר הַגַּרְדִּי, טָמֵא. וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. הָיְתָה עֲגָלָה שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "מַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ וְנוֹעֵל בּוֹ, טָמֵא. הֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁמִירָה, טָהוֹר. מַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ אֶת הֶחָבִית, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיִּצְרְפֶנּוּ. מַסְמֵר שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָנִי, טָהוֹר. וְרַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מַסְמֵר שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָנִי, וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, וּמַסְמֵר שֶׁל אֶבֶן הַשָּׁעוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגֹלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, שֶׁהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "דִּינָר שֶׁנִּפְסַל וְהִתְקִינוֹ לִתְלוֹתוֹ בְצַוַּאר קְטַנָּה, טָמֵא. וְכֵן סֶלַע שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה וְהִתְקִינָהּ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹקֵל בָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. עַד כַּמָּה תִפָּסֵל וִיהֵא רַשַּׁאי לְקַיְּמָהּ, עַד שְׁנֵי דִינָרִין. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, יָקֹץ: \n",
+ "הָאוֹלָר, וְהַקֻּלְמוֹס, וְהַמְּטוּטֶלֶת, וְהַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, וְהַכּוּרִים, וְהַכַּן, וְהַכַּנָּא, טְמֵאִים. וְכָל גֹּלְמֵי כְלֵי עֵץ, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף גְּרוֹפִית שֶׁל זַיִת, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׁלֵק: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַסַּיִף, וְהַסַּכִּין, וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, וְהָרֹמַח, מַגַּל יָד וּמַגַּל קָצִיר, וְהַשְּׁחוֹר וְזוּג שֶׁל סַפָּרִים, שֶׁנֶּחֱלְקוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסָּמוּךְ לַיָּד, טָמֵא. וְהַסָּמוּךְ לָרֹאשׁ, טָהוֹר. מִסְפֶּרֶת שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "קֹלִגְרִיפוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שִׁנָּהּ. נִטְּלָה שִׁנָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. מִכְחוֹל שֶׁנִּטַּל הַכַּף, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַזָּכָר. נִטַּל הַזָּכָר, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַכָּף. מַכְתֵּב שֶׁנִּטַּל הַכּוֹתֵב, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַמּוֹחֵק. נִטַּל הַמּוֹחֵק, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַכּוֹתֵב. זוֹמָא לִסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַמַּזְלֵג. נִטַּל הַמַּזְלֵג, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. וְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁל מַעְדֵּר. שִׁעוּר כֻּלָּן, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתָּן: \n",
+ "חַרְחוּר שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, טָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל רֻבּוֹ. נִשְׁבַּר מְקוֹפוֹ, טָהוֹר. קֻרְדֹּם שֶׁנִּטַּל עֻשְׁפּוֹ, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי בֵית בִּקּוּעוֹ. נִטַּל בֵּית בִּקּוּעוֹ, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי עֻשְׁפּוֹ. נִשְׁבַּר מְקוֹפוֹ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקֻרְנָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מְגֵרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. הַמַּעֲצָד וְהָאִזְמֵל וְהַמַּפְסֶלֶת וְהַמַּקְדֵּחַ, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ, טְמֵאִים. נִטַּל חִסּוּמָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁנַיִם, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִן הַמַּקְדֵּחַ. וְהָרוּקְנִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מַחַט שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ אוֹ עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הִתְקִינָהּ לְמִתּוּחַ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל סַקָּיִין שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב בָּהּ. נִטַּל עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל מִתּוּחַ, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה. מַחַט שֶׁהֶעֶלְתָה חֲלֻדָּה, אִם מְעַכֶּבֶת אֶת הַתְּפִירָה, טְהוֹרָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְמֵאָה. צִנּוֹרָא שֶׁפְּשָׁטָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. כְּפָפָהּ, חָזְרָה לְטֻמְאָתָהּ: \n",
+ "עֵץ הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת הַמַּתֶּכֶת, טָמֵא. וְהַמַּתֶּכֶת הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת הָעֵץ, טְהוֹרָה. כֵּיצַד, פּוֹתַחַת שֶׁל עֵץ וְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת, טְמֵאָה. פּוֹתַחַת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל עֵץ, טְהוֹרָה. טַבַּעַת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל אַלְמוֹג, טְמֵאָה. טַבַּעַת שֶׁל אַלְמוֹג וְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הַשֵּׁן שֶׁבַּטַּס, שֶׁבַּפּוֹתַחַת, וְשֶׁבַּמַּפְתֵּחַ, טְמֵאָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ: \n",
+ "הַכַּדּוּמִין הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִין שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרוּ וְהָאֻנְקְלִי שֶׁלָּהֶן קַיֶּמֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. הַמַּעְבֵּר, וְהַמַּזְרֶה, וְהַמַּגּוֹב, וְכֵן מַסְרֵק שֶׁל רֹאשׁ שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מִשִּׁנֵּיהֶן, וַעֲשָׂאָן שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. וְעַל כֻּלָּן אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, דְּבַר חִדּוּשׁ חִדְּשׁוּ סוֹפְרִים, וְאֵין לִי מָה אָשִׁיב: \n",
+ "מַסְרֵק שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, טָמֵא. וְאַחַת, טָהוֹר. וְכֻלָּן, אַחַת אַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. וְשֶׁל צֶמֶר שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טָהוֹר. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. הָיְתָה הַחִיצוֹנָה אַחַת מֵהֶן, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁתַּיִם וַעֲשָׂאָן לְמַלְקֶטֶת, טְמֵאוֹת. אַחַת וְהִתְקִינָהּ לְנֵר אוֹ לְמִתּוּחַ, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרָן. הַדְּלִי, כְּדֵי לְמַלֹּאת בּוֹ. קֻמְקוּם, כְּדֵי לֵיחֵם בּוֹ. מֵחַם, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל סְלָעִים. הַלֶּפֶס, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל קִיתוֹנוֹת. קִיתוֹנוֹת, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל פְּרוּטוֹת. מִדּוֹת יַיִן, בְּיַיִן. וּמִדּוֹת שֶׁמֶן, בְּשָׁמֶן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בִּפְרוּטוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, הַמְחֻסָּר חֲטִיפָה, טָמֵא. וְהַמְחֻסָּר לְטִישָׁה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַקֵּל שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מַסְמֵר כְּמִין חַזְיָנָא, טָמֵא. סִמְּרוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדָרִים. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן לְנוֹי, טְהוֹרִין. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מְנִיקָת, וְכֵן בַּדֶּלֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָיְתָה כְלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, טְמֵאָה. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּל. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּר: \n",
+ "הַקַּנְטָר שֶׁל בַּנַּאי, וְהַדָּקוֹר שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. יִתְדוֹת אֹהָלִים וְיִתְדוֹת הַמָּשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל מָשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לָעֵצִים, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת דְּלִי גָדוֹל, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וְשֶׁל קָטָן, עֲשָׂרָה. חֲמוֹר שֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טָמֵא. מְגֵרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה שִׁנֶּיהָ בְתוֹךְ הַחוֹר, טְמֵאָה. עֲשָׂאָהּ מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן, טְהוֹרָה. וְכָל הַכְּסוּיִן טְהוֹרִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל מֵחָם: \n",
+ "הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, וְהַקַּטְרָב, וְהַכְּנָפַיִם הַמְקַבְּלוֹת אֶת הָרְצוּעוֹת, וְהַבַּרְזֶל שֶׁתַּחַת צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹמֵךְ, וְהַמַּחְגֵּר, וְהַתַּמְחוּיוֹת, הָעִנְבָּל, וְהַצִּנּוֹרָה, וּמַסְמֵר הַמְחַבֵּר אֶת כֻּלָּן: \n",
+ "הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל הַמְצֻפֶּה, כְּנָפַיִם הָעֲשׂוּיוֹת לְנוֹי, וּשְׁפוֹפָרוֹת הַמַּשְׁמִיעוֹת אֶת הַקּוֹל, וְהָאֲבָר שֶׁבְּצַד צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, הַטַּסִּים, וְהַצִּפּוּיִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. סַנְדְּלֵי בְהֵמָה שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאִין. שֶׁל שַׁעַם, טְהוֹרִין. הַסַּיִף מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ. וְהַסַּכִּין, מִשֶּׁיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה: \n",
+ "כְּסוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה בוֹ מַרְאָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. מַרְאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מַרְאָה אֶת רֹב הַפָּנִים, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שְׁבוּרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִטַּהֲרִין אֶלָּא שְׁלֵמִין. כֵּיצַד, הִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן, נִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ בַיּוֹם, הִתִּיכָן וְחָזַר וְהִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן שֵׁנִית בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵין הַזָּיָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלִישִׁי וּשְׁבִיעִי: \n",
+ "מַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ אַרְכֻּבָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ מִבִּפְנִים. וְשֶׁל גַּם שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ גֻּמּוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ בוֹ חָפִין וּנְקָבִין, טָמֵא. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי נְקָבִין. נִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי חָפִין. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין וְנִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרְצוּ זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טָהוֹר. מְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְרְצוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה נְקָבִים מִלְּמַטָּן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טְהוֹרָה. וְהָאֲפַרְכֵּס שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי עֵץ, כְּלֵי עוֹר, כְּלֵי עֶצֶם, כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. הַשִּׁדָּה, וְהַתֵּבָה, וְהַמִּגְדָּל, כַּוֶּרֶת הַקַּשׁ, וְכַוֶּרֶת הַקָּנִים, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶם שׁוּלַיִם, וְהֵן מַחֲזִיקִין אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה בְלַח, שֶׁהֵם כּוֹרַיִם בְּיָבֵשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, בֵּין מְקַבְּלִין, בֵּין אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דַּרְדּוּר עֲגָלָה, וְקֻסְטוֹת הַמְּלָכִים, וַעֲרֵבַת הָעַבְּדָנִין, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה קְטַנָּה, וְהָאָרוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׂוּיִן לִטַּלְטֵל אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, הַמְּקַבְּלִים, טְהוֹרִין, וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין. אֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אֶלָּא עֲרֵבַת בַּעַל הַבָּיִת: \n",
+ "אֲרוּבוֹת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים, טְמֵאוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרוֹת. סֵרְקָן אוֹ כִרְכְּמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. דַּף שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. סְרוֹד שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. גִּפְּפוֹ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתָיו, טָמֵא. נִפְרַץ מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת קוֹרֵץ עָלָיו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן הַמַּעֲרוֹךְ, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "יַם נָפָה שֶׁל סִלָּתִין, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל גּוֹדֶלֶת טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבָּנוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ וְגוֹדְלוֹת: \n",
+ "כָּל הַתְּלוֹיִים, טְמֵאִין, חוּץ מִתְּלוֹי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מִתְּלוֹי נָפָה שֶׁל סִלָּתִין, וּתְלוֹי כִּבְרַת גְּרָנוֹת, וּתְלוֹי מַגַּל יָד, וּתְלוֹי מַקֵּל הַבַּלָּשִׁין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְסַיְּעִין בִּשְׁעַת הַמְּלָאכָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְסַיֵּעַ בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא. הֶעָשׂוּי לִתְלוֹי, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "רַחַת שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל אוֹצָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל גִּתּוֹת, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל גְּרָנוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא. לְכִנּוּס, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "נִבְלֵי הַשָּׁרָה, טְמֵאִין. וְנִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין. וּמַשְׁקֵה בֵית מַטְבְּחַיָּא, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַסְּפָרִים מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, חוּץ מִסֵּפֶר הָעֲזָרָה. הַמַּרְכּוֹף, טָהוֹר. הַבַּטְנוֹן, וְהַנִּקְטְמוֹן, וְהָאֵרוּס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֵרוּס טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָאַלָּיִת יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו. מְצֻדַּת הַחֻלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל הָעַכְבָּרִין, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל כְּלִי עֵץ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִשֻּׁלְחָן הַכָּפוּל, וְתַמְחוּי הַמִּזְנוֹן, וְהָאֱפִיפוֹרִין שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמָּגֵס, וְקוֹד הַבַּבְלִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. כְּלֵי עֵץ, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַמִּטָּה וְהָעֲרִיסָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֵם בְּעוֹר הַדָּג. גָּמַר שֶׁלֹּא לָשׁוּף, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים: \n",
+ "הַסַּלִּים שֶׁל עֵץ, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. וְשֶׁל תְּמָרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִין. כַּלְכָּלָה, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיִגְמֹר אֶת הַתְּלוֹיָה. בֵּית הַלְּגִינִין, וּבֵית הַכּוֹסוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִין: \n",
+ "הַקְּנוֹנִין הַקְּטַנִּים, וְהַקְּלָתוֹת, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. הַקְּנוֹנִים הַגְּדוֹלִים, וְהַסּוּגִין הַגְּדוֹלִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁנֵי דוּרִים לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהֶם. יָם נָפָה, וּכְבָרָה, וְכַף שֶׁל מֹאזְנַיִם, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה דוּר אֶחָד לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהֶן. הַקֻּפָּה, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי צְפִירוֹת לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהּ. וְהֶעָרָק, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ צְפִירָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי עוֹר, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַתּוּרְמֵל, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיַעֲשֶׂה קִיחוֹתָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת אָזְנָיו. סְקֹרְטְיָא, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיַעֲשֶׂה אֶת צִיצָתָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת טַבְּעוֹתֶיהָ. קָטָבוֹלְיָא, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת קִיחוֹתֶיהָ. הַכַּר וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁל עוֹר, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיִּתְפְּרֵם וִישַׁיֵּר בָּהֶם פָּחוֹת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים: \n",
+ "פָּטִילְיָה, טְמֵאָה. וַחֲסִינָה, טְהוֹרָה. סִגְנִיּוֹת שֶׁל עָלִין, טְהוֹרוֹת. שֶׁל נְצָרִין, טְמֵאוֹת. חוֹתָל שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכוֹ וְנוֹטֵל מִתּוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל עַד שֶׁיִּקְרָעֶנּוּ אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּתִּירֶנּוּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "קְסָיָה שֶׁל זוֹרֵי גְרָנוֹת, שֶׁל הוֹלְכֵי דְרָכִים, שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי פִשְׁתָּן, טְמֵאָה. אֲבָל שֶׁל צַבָּעִין וְשֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא. מִפְּנֵי הַזֵּעָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַמַּלְקוֹט שֶׁל בָּקָר, וְהֶחָסִים שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַמַּדָּף שֶׁל דְּבוֹרִים, וְהַמְּנָפָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. כְּסוּי שֶׁל קֻפְסָא, טָמֵא. כְּסוּי קַמְטְרָא, טָהוֹר. כְּסוּי תֵּבָה, כְּסוּי טֶנִי, וְהַמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁתַּחַת הַתֵּבָה, וְהַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, וְאַנְגְּלִין שֶׁל סֵפֶר, בֵּית הַנֶּגֶר, בֵּית הַמַּנְעוּל, וּבֵית הַמְּזוּזָה, וְתִיק נְבָלִין, וְתִיק כִּנּוֹרֶת, וְהָאֵמוּם שֶׁל גּוֹדְלֵי מִצְנָפוֹת, וְהַמַּרְכּוֹף שֶׁל זַמָּר, וּרְבִיעִית שֶׁל אַלָּיִת, וּגְנוֹגְנִית הֶעָנִי, וְסָמוֹכוֹת הַמִּטָּה, וּטְפוּס שֶׁל תְּפִלָּה, וְאֵמוּם שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂה סוּתוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, כָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי מְשַׁמְּשָׁיו שֶׁל אָדָם בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תִּיק הַסַּיִף וְהַסַּכִּין וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, תִּיק מִסְפֶּרֶת וּמִסְפָּרַיִם וְהַתַּעַר, תִּיק מִכְחוֹל, וּבֵית הַכּוֹחַל, תִּיק מַכְתֵּב, וּתְרוּנְתֵּק, תִּיק טַבְלָא וּסְקֹרְטְיָא, בֵּית הַחִצִּים, בֵּית הַפָּגוֹשׁוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. תִּיק סִמְפּוֹנְיָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן מִלְמַעְלָה, טָמֵא. מִצִּדּוֹ, טָהוֹר. תִּיק חֲלִילִין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ מִצִּדּוֹ. חִפּוּי הָאַלָּה, הַקֶּשֶׁת, וְהָרֹמַח, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְתִיק, טָמֵא. לְחִפּוּי, טָהוֹר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל כְּלֵי בַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּרִמּוֹנִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן. קֻפּוֹת הַגַּנָּנִים, שִׁעוּרָן בַּאֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁל יָרָק. שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, בְּתֶבֶן. שֶׁל בַּלָּנִין, בִּגְבָבָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בְּרִמּוֹנִים: ",
+ "הַחֵמֶת, שִׁעוּרָהּ בִּפְקָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל שֶׁתִי. אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁל שְׁתִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁל עֵרֶב, טְמֵאָה. בֵּית קְעָרוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל קְעָרוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל אֶת הַתַּמְחוּיִין, טָמֵא. בֵּית הָרְעִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל מַשְׁקִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל אֶת הָרְעִי, טָמֵא. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְקַיְּמִין אוֹתוֹ: ",
+ "הַסַּלִּין שֶׁל פַּת, שִׁעוּרָן בְּכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל פָּת. אֱפִיפְיָרוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהֶן קָנִים מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָה לְחִזּוּק, טְהוֹרָה. עָשָׂה לָהּ גַּפַּיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִנָּטֵל בַּגַּפַּיִם, טְהוֹרָה: ",
+ "הָרִמּוֹנִים שֶׁאָמְרוּ, שְׁלֹשָׁה, אֲחוּזִין זֶה בָזֶה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּנָפָה וּבִכְבָרָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּטֹּל וִיהַלֵּךְ, וּבְקֻפָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁאֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, כְּגוֹן הָרֹבַע, וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, הַקְּנוֹנִים הַקְּטַנִּים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּרֻבָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. נִפְרְצוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. נִגְמְמוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן: ",
+ "הָרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא קָטָן וְלֹא גָדוֹל אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. וּלְמָה הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן, שֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ הֻזְכְּרוּ, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים, וְיִהְיוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן וַחֲצִירֵי גֶבַע, אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִתְעַשְּׂרִין וַדַּאי בְּכָל מָקוֹם: ",
+ "כַּבֵּיצָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֵבִיא גְדוֹלָה שֶׁבַּגְּדוֹלוֹת וּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּקְּטַנּוֹת, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם, וְחוֹלֵק אֶת הַמָּיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי מִי מוֹדִיעֵנִי אֵיזוֹהִי גְדוֹלָה וְאֵיזוֹהִי קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא הַכֹּל לְפִי דַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל רוֹאֶה: ",
+ "כַּגְּרוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַגְּדוֹלָה שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא הַבֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁבַּמְּדִינוֹת: ",
+ "כַּזַּיִת שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטָן אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי, זֶה אֵגוֹרִי. כַּשְּׂעֹרָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. כָּעֲדָשָׁה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, זוֹ מִצְרִית. כָּל הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בָּעֳבִי הַמַּרְדֵּעַ, לֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטָן אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. אֵיזֶה הוּא בֵינוֹנִי, כֹּל שֶׁהֶקֵּפוֹ טֶפַח: ",
+ "הָאַמָּה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, בָּאַמָּה הַבֵּינוֹנִית. וּשְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת הָיָה בְשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה, אַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית וְאַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית. שֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית הָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁל משֶׁה חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע. שֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית הָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עָלֶיהָ חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע, נִמְצֵאת יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁל משֶׁה אֶצְבָּע. וְלָמָּה אָמְרוּ אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָאֻמָּנִין נוֹטְלִין בַּקְּטַנָּה וּמַחֲזִירִין בַּגְּדוֹלָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹאוּ לִידֵי מְעִילָה: ",
+ "רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הָאַמּוֹת הָיוּ בֵינוֹנִיּוֹת, חוּץ מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב וְהַקֶּרֶן וְהַסּוֹבֵב וְהַיְסוֹד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַמַּת הַבִּנְיָן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, וְשֶׁל כֵּלִים חֲמִשָּׁה: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמִדָּה דַקָּה, מִדּוֹת הַלַּח וְהַיָּבֵשׁ שִׁעוּרָן בָּאִיטַלְקִי, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הַכֹּל לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא אָדָם, הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַחוֹפֵן אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה כִמְלֹא לֻגְמָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְכִמְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת לָעֵרוּב, מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל אֲבָל לֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא לְחֹל. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסָלַע: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְמִדָּה גַסָּה, מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, כִּמְלֹא תַרְוָד גָּדוֹל שֶׁל רוֹפְאִים. וּגְרִיס נְגָעִים, כַּגְּרִיס הַקִּלְקִי. הָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כַּכּוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה, כָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַּרְעִינָתָהּ. וְנוֹדוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, שִׁעוּרָן כְּפִיקָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁלָּהֶן. וּמָאוֹר שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף גָּדוֹל, זֶה הוּא אֶגְרוֹפוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן בָּטִיחַ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, יֶשְׁנוֹ כְרֹאשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל אָדָם. וְשֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל לִשְׁכָּה, שֶׁהוּא כְפֻנְדְּיוֹן הָאִיטַלְקִי, וּכְסֶלַע הַנֵּירוֹנִית, וְכִמְלֹא נֶקֶב שֶׁבָּעֹל: ",
+ "כֹּל שֶׁבַּיָּם טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִכֶּלֶב הַמַּיִם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹרֵחַ לַיַּבָּשָׁה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הַגָּדֵל בַּיָּם וְחִבֵּר לָהֶם מִן הַגָּדֵל בָּאָרֶץ, אֲפִלּוּ חוּט, אֲפִלּוּ מְשִׁיחָה, דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, טָמֵא: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ בְּמֶה שֶּׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן טֻמְאָה, בַּשֵּׁנִי אֵין בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי יֶשׁ בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בָּרְבִיעִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי אֵין בָּהֶם טֻמְאָה, חוּץ מִכְּנַף הָעוֹז וּבֵיצַת נַעֲמִית הַמְצֻפָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, מַה נִּשְׁתַּנָּה כְנַף הָעוֹז מִכָּל הַכְּנָפָיִם. וְכֹל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי, טָמֵא: ",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה כְלִי קִבּוּל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא. הָעוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא. הָעוֹשֶׂה כִיס מֵעוֹר הַמַּצָּה, מִן הַנְּיָר, טָמֵא. הָרִמּוֹן, הָאַלּוֹן, וְהָאֱגוֹז, שֶׁחֲקָקוּם הַתִּינוֹקוֹת לָמֹד בָּהֶם אֶת הֶעָפָר אוֹ שֶׁהִתְקִינוּם לְכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, טָמֵא, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶם מַעֲשֶׂה וְאֵין לָהֶם מַחֲשָׁבָה: ",
+ "קְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם וְהַמָּחוֹק שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַתָּכוֹת, וְהָאֵסֶל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מָעוֹת, וְקָנֶה שֶׁל עָנִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מַיִם, וּמַקֵּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מְזוּזָה וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. וְעַל כֻּלָּן אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, אוֹי לִי אִם אֹמַר, אוֹי לִי אִם לֹא אֹמַר: ",
+ "תַּחְתִּית הַצּוֹרְפִים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. מַשְׁחֶזֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. פִּנְקָס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מַחֲצֶלֶת הַקַּשׁ וּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקַּשׁ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל פַּקּוּעוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. מַחֲצֶלֶת קָנִים וְשֶׁל חֵלֶף, טְהוֹרָה. שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקָּנֶה שֶׁחֲתָכָהּ לְקַבָּלָה, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכָּכָי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשִּׁדָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נִמְדֶּדֶת מִבִּפְנִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נִמְדֶּדֶת מִבַּחוּץ. מוֹדִים אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין עֳבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וָעֳבִי לִזְבְּזִין נִמְדָּד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מוֹדִים שֶׁעֳבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וָעֳבִי לִזְבְּזִין נִמְדָּד, וּבֵינֵיהֶם אֵינוֹ נִמְדָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ הָרַגְלַיִם גְּבוֹהוֹת טֶפַח, אֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם נִמְדָּד. וְאִם לָאו, בֵּינֵיהֶן נִמְדָּד: \n",
+ "מוּכְנִי שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִשְׁמֶטֶת, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְאֵינָהּ נִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וְאֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְאֵין גּוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. וְאִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׁמֶטֶת, חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְנִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וּמַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְגוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. הַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ, חִבּוּר לָהּ וְנִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ וְאֵינוֹ נִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. כֵּיצַד מוֹדְדִין אוֹתוֹ, רֹאשׁ תּוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "הַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַמִּגְדָּל שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלֵיהֶן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְהוֹרִין. וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כְּדַרְכָּן, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא. וְנַקְלִיטֵי הַמִּטָּה וַחֲמוֹר וְחִפּוּי, טְהוֹרִין. אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִטָּה וּמַלְבֵּן. וּמַלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "מַלְבֵּן שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנוֹת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמְּאִין, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַה שָּׁנָה זֶה מִמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, שֶׁמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, נִטְּלָה קְצָרָה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְמֵאָה. אֲרֻכָּה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַמֵּא. גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת לוֹכְסָן, גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם (טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח) לוֹכְסָן, אוֹ שֶׁמִּעֲטָהּ פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, נִשְׁבְּרָה אֲרֻכָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. נִשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע מִדְרָס. לֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "כֶּרַע שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְהַמִּטָּה מַגַּע מִדְרָס. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמִּטָּה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְהַמִּטָּה טְהוֹרָה. וְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁל מַעְדֵּר: \n",
+ "תְּפִלָּה, אַרְבָּעָה כֵלִים. הִתִּיר קְצִיצָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת, וְכֵן שְׁנִיָּה, וְכֵן שְׁלִישִׁית. הִתִּיר אֶת הָרְבִיעִית, טְהוֹרָה מִטְּמֵא מֵת, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. חָזַר לָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְהִתִּירָהּ וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה בְמַגָּע, וְכֵן שְׁנִיָּה. הִתִּיר אֶת הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁהָרְבִיעִית בְּמַגָּע, וְאֵין מַגָּע עוֹשֶׂה מַגָּע: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁנִּגְנַב חֶצְיָהּ, אוֹ אָבַד חֶצְיָהּ, אוֹ חֲלָקוּהָ אַחִין, אוֹ שֻׁתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה. הֶחֱזִירוּהָ, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. מִטָּה מִטַּמְּאָה חֲבִילָה, וּמִטַּהֶרֶת חֲבִילָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִטַּמְּאָה אֵבָרִים, וּמִטַּהֶרֶת אֵבָרִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמְפָרֵק אֶת הַמִּטָּה לְהַטְבִּילָהּ, וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֲבָלִין, טָהוֹר. הַחֶבֶל מֵאֵימָתַי הוּא חִבּוּר לַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים. וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. נִימֵי הַקֶּשֶׁר, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכּוֹ, טָמֵא. וְכַמָּה הוּא צָרְכּוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת: ",
+ "הַחֶבֶל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, עַד חֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. מֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְעַד עֲשָׂרָה, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר, שֶׁבּוֹ קוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַפְּסָחִים, וּמְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת: ",
+ "מִזְרָן הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, כָּל שֶׁהוּא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַד עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. שְׁיָרֵי מִזְרָן, שִׁבְעָה טְפָחִים, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ חֶבֶק לַחֲמוֹר: ",
+ "נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. נִשָּׂא עַל הַמִּזְרָן, מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר: ",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְהַמִּזְרָן מַגַּע מִדְרָס. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָהוֹר: ",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁכָּרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, וְנָגַע בָּהֶן הַמֵּת, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשׁוּ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. נָגַע בָּהֶן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשׁוּ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. מִטָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁתֵּי אֲרֻכּוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ וְעָשָׂה לָהּ חֲדָשׁוֹת, וְלֹא שִׁנָּה אֶת הַנְּקָבִים, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ חֲדָשׁוֹת, טְמֵאָה. וִישָׁנוֹת, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַיְשָׁנוֹת: ",
+ "תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִלְמַעְלָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְמַעְלָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְּמַטָּה, טְהוֹרָה. מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ, טְמֵאוֹת, וְאֵינָם חִבּוּר לָהּ: ",
+ "הַתּוּרְמֵל שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה כִּיס שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לוֹ. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁבֵּיצִים שֶׁלָּהּ מְקַבְּלוֹת עִמָּהּ, וְנִפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרוֹת, שֶׁאֵינָם מְקַבְּלוֹת כְּדַרְכָּן: ",
+ "תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִצִּדָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָהּ גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז טֶפַח. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְמַעְלָן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְּמַטָּן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, בָּטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: ",
+ "מִשְׁפֶּלֶת שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, בָּטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס. הַקְּלוּסְטָר, אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, הַתּוּרְמֵל חֲמֵשֶׁת קַבִּין, הַכְּרֵיתִית סְאָה. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁל שִׁבְעַת קַבִּין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרִבְצָל וְהַמִּזְוָדָה כָּל שֶׁהֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְכֻלָּם שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: ",
+ "חֵמֶת חֲלִילִין, טְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס. עֲרֵבַת פִּיסוֹנוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת. עֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. הִנִּיחָהּ בַּגְּשָׁמִים וְנִתְפְּחָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. בַּקָּדִים וְנִסְדְּקָה, מְקַבֶּלֶת מִדְרָס. זֶה חֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי עֵץ מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן. וְחֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי נְצָרִים מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַסֵּמוּ. נִתְחַסְּמוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ שִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאִין: ",
+ "מַקֵּל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּית יָד לְקֻרְדֹּם, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. הַדְּיוּסְטָר, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. קְבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה לוֹ דְיוּסְטָר, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא צָרְכּוֹ. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לוֹ. עָשָׂה בוֹ כִסֵּא, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹמוֹ. קְבָעוֹ בְקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשָׁהּ כִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאוֹמְרִין לוֹ, עֲמֹד וְנַעֲשֶׂה אֶת מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ: ",
+ "עֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, וְהִתְקִינָהּ לִישִׁיבָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיְּקַצֵּעַ. עֲשָׂאָהּ אֵבוּס לַבְּהֵמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בַּכֹּתֶל, טְמֵאָה: ",
+ "כֹּפֶת שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בְנִדְבָּךְ, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא בָנָה עָלָיו, בָּנָה עָלָיו וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וּבָנָה עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. מַפָּץ שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַקּוֹרוֹת, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וְנָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, טָהוֹר. קְעָרָה שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בְּשִׁדָּה תֵּבָה וּמִגְדָּל, כְּדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁלֹּא כְדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: ",
+ "סָדִין שֶׁהוּא טְמֵא מִדְרָס וַעֲשָׂאוֹ וִילוֹן, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתָּבֵר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּבֵעַ: ",
+ "מַחֲצֶלֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהּ קָנִים לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה כְמִין כִי. עֲשָׂאָם לְרָחְבָּהּ וְאֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. נֶחְלְקָה לְרָחְבָּהּ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. וְכֵן הַמַּתִּיר רָאשֵׁי הַמַּעֲדַנִּין, טְהוֹרָה. נֶחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ וְנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מַעֲדַנִּים שֶׁל שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה. מַחֲצֶלֶת, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁתִּקָּנֵב, וְהִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּהּ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּכֹּבֶד הָעֶלְיוֹן, בַּכֹּבֶד הַתַּחְתּוֹן, בַּנִּירִים, וּבַקֵּירוֹס, וּבְחוּט שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי אַרְגָּמָן, וּבְעִירָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָתִיד לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, טָהוֹר. בְּנֶפֶשׁ הַמַּסֶּכֶת, וּבַשְּׁתִי הָעוֹמֵד, וּבְכָפוּל שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הָאַרְגָּמָן, וּבְעִירָה שֶׁהִיא עֲתִידָה לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, טָמֵא. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּצֶּמֶר שֶׁעַל הָאִימָּה, בָּאַשְׁוָיָה, טָהוֹר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּפִּיקָה, עַד שֶׁלֹּא פֵרְעָהּ, טָמֵא. מִשֶּׁפֵּרְעָהּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּעֹל, וּבַקַּטְרָב, בָּעַיִן, וּבָעֲבוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָהוֹר. בַּחֶרֶב, וּבַבֹּרֶךְ, וּבַיָּצוּל, טָמֵא. בָּעַיִן שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, בַּלְּחָיַיִן, וּבָעֲרָיִין, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר בַּלְּחָיַיִם, שֶׁאֵינָם עֲשׂוּיִן אֶלָּא לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הֶעָפָר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּיַד מְגֵרָה, מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, טָמֵא. בַּחוּט, וּבַמְּשִׁיחָה, בָּאַמָּה, וּבַסְּנִיפִין, בַּמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, וּבַקַּשְׁטָנִית, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּמַּלְבֵּן שֶׁל מַסָּר הַגָּדוֹל, טָהוֹר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּיֶּתֶר וּבַקֶּשֶׁת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מְתוּחָה, טָהוֹר. מְצֻדַּת הָאֵישׁוּת, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא מְתוּחָה, חִבּוּר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, אוֹ שֶׁחִפָּן בְּשַׁיִשׁ וְשִׁיֵּר בָּהֶם מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הַכּוֹסוֹת, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת חֲתִיכוֹת: \n",
+ "הַשֻּׁלְחָן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלָיו, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה שְׁנִיָּה, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, טָמֵא כְּשֶׁיַּחְשֹׁב עָלָיו. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֵין צָרִיךְ מַחֲשָׁבָה. וְכֵן הַדְּלֻפְקִי: \n",
+ "סַפְסָל שֶׁנִּטַּל אַחַד מֵרָאשָׁיו, טָהוֹר. נִטַּל הַשֵּׁנִי, טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ גֹבַהּ טֶפַח, טָמֵא. שְׁרַפְרַף שֶׁנִּטַּל אַחַד מֵרָאשָׁיו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן הַכִּסֵּא שֶׁלִּפְנֵי קַתֶּדְרָא: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא, טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ חִפּוּיָו יוֹצְאִין, וְנִטְּלוּ, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ לִהְיוֹת מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ וְיוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטַּל חִפּוּיוֹ הָאֶמְצָעִי וְהַחִיצוֹנִים קַיָּמִים, טָמֵא. נִטְּלוּ הַחִיצוֹנִים וְהָאֶמְצָעִי קַיָּם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה רָחָב טָפַח: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָו זֶה בְצַד זֶה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אַף כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ בֵית קַבָּלָה, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: \n",
+ "שִׁדָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַתַּחְתּוֹן. נִטַּל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹן. נִטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא מִפְּנֵי הַדַּפִּין, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. יְשִׁיבַת הַסַּתָּת, טָמֵא מִדְרָס: \n",
+ "כֹּפֶת שֶׁסֵּרְקוֹ, וְכִרְכְּמוֹ, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ פָנִים, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיָּחֹק בּוֹ. הַסַּל וְהַכַּלְכָּלָה שֶׁמִּלְאָן תֶּבֶן אוֹ מוֹכִין, הִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, טְהוֹרִין. סֵרְגָן בְּגֶמִי אוֹ בִמְשִׁיחָה, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "הָאַסְלָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. פֵּרְשָׁה, הָעוֹר טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְהַבַּרְזֶל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. הַטְּרַסְקָל שֶׁחִפּוּיוֹ שֶׁל עוֹר, טָמֵא מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. פֵּרְשָׁה, הָעוֹר טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְהַטְּרַסְקָל טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. סַפְסָלִין שֶׁבַּמֶּרְחָץ וּשְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו שֶׁל עֵץ, טָמֵא. אַחַת שֶׁל עֵץ וְאַחַת שֶׁל אֶבֶן, טָהוֹר. הַנְּסָרִין שֶׁבַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁשִּׁגְּמָן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, שֶׁאֵינָם עֲשׂוּיִן אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַמַּיִם מְהַלְּכִין תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. קַנְקֵילִין שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קַבָּלַת כְּסוּת, טְמֵאָה. וְהָעֲשׂוּיָה כְּכַוֶּרֶת, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַכַּדּוּר וְהָאִמּוּם וְהַקָּמֵעַ וְהַתְּפִלִּין שֶׁנִּקְרְעוּ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, טָמֵא. וּבְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן, טָהוֹר. הָאֻכָּף שֶׁנִּקְרַע, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתֶּפֶר מְחַבְּרוֹ: ",
+ "אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם מֶרְכָּב, זָרֵיז הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִי, וּמְדוֹכָה הַמָּדִית, וְעָבִיט שֶׁל גָּמָל, וְטַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף טַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹמְדִין עָלָיו בַּקֻּמְפּוֹן. אֲבָל אֻכָּף שֶׁל נָאקָה, טָמֵא: ",
+ "מַה בֵּין מֶרְכָּב לְמוֹשָׁב. מֶרְכָּב חָלַק מַגָּעוֹ מִמַּשָּׂאוֹ, וּמוֹשָׁב לֹא חָלַק מַגָּעוֹ מִמַּשָּׂאוֹ. תָּפִית שֶׁל חֲמוֹר שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, טָהוֹר. שִׁנָּה בָהּ אֶת הַנְּקָבִין, אוֹ שֶׁפֵּרְצָן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טְמֵאָה: ",
+ "הַמִּטָּה וְהַכַּר וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁל מֵת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה, וּמַשְׁבֵּר שֶׁל חַיָּה, וְכִסֵּא שֶׁל כּוֹבֵס שֶׁהוּא כוֹרֵם עָלָיו אֶת הַכֵּלִים, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב: ",
+ "הַחֵרֶם, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַזּוּטוֹ. הָרְשָׁתוֹת, וְהַמִּכְמָרוֹת, וְהַמַּדָּף, וְהַפְּלָצוּר, וּמְצֻדּוֹת הַסְּכָרִין, טְמֵאִין. וְהַאָקוֹן, וְהָרְטוֹב, וְהַכְּלוּב, טְהוֹרִין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה תְרִיסִין הֵם. תְּרִיס הַכָּפוּף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁמְּשַׂחֲקִין בּוֹ בַּקֻּנְפּוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְדִיצַת הָעַרְבִיִּין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עֲגָלוֹת הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה כְקַתֶּדְרָא, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. כְּמִטָּה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל אֲבָנִים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עֲרֵבוֹת הֵן. עֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שְׁלֵמָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ תֵּבוֹת הֵן. תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִצִּדָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. מִלְמַעְלָן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה תַרְבּוּסִין הֵן. שֶׁל סַפָּרִין, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁאוֹכְלִין עָלָיו, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל זֵיתִים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ בְּסָסִיּוֹת הֵן. שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה וְשֶׁלִּפְנֵי סוֹפְרִים, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁל דְּלֻפְקִי, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל מִגְדָּל, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ פִּנְקָסִיּוֹת הֵן. הָאֱפִיפוֹרִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וַחֲלָקָה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מִטּוֹת הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִשְׁכִיבָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל זַגָּגִין, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל סָרָגִין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מַשְׁפֵּלוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל זֶבֶל, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל תֶּבֶן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַפֻּחְלָץ שֶׁל גְּמַלִּים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה מַפָּצִים הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִישִׁיבָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל צַבָּעִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל גִּתּוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ חֲמָתוֹת וְשָׁלֹשׁ תּוּרְמְלִין הֵן. הַמְקַבְּלִים כַּשִּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כַּשִּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִים טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל עוֹר הַדָּג, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עוֹרוֹת הֵן. הֶעָשׂוּי לְשָׁטִיחַ, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. לְתַכְרִיךְ הַכֵּלִים, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל רְצוּעוֹת וְשֶׁל סַנְדָּלִים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִין הֵן. הֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁכִיבָה, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. לְוִילוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל צוּרוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מִטְפָּחוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל יָדַיִם, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁל סְפָרִין, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת, וְשֶׁל תַּכְרִיךְ וְשֶׁל נִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִילִינִין הֵן. שֶׁל צָדֵי חַיָּה וָעוֹף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁל חֲגָבִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל קַיָּצִין, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ סְבָכוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל יַלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת מִדְרָס. שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל יוֹצֵאת לַחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ קֻפּוֹת הֵן. מְהוּהָה שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַבְּרִיָּה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַבְּרִיָּה. קְטַנָּה עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַגְּדוֹלָה. הָיוּ שָׁווֹת, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַפְּנִימִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כַּף מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל שׁוּלֵי הַמֵּחַם, מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר. טְלָיָהּ עַל צִדָּהּ, בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, כְּגוֹן הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי, יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרָיִם. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז: \n",
+ "הַמַּרְדֵּעַ יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, מִשִּׁבְעָה לַחַרְחוּר, מֵאַרְבָּעָה לַדָּרְבָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁבְעָה אֶלָּא לַשְּׁיָרִים: \n",
+ "מִדּוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, וְזוֹמָא לִסְטְרָא, וּמְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל, וּמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֶשׁ לָהֶם. נִטְמְאוּ מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן טָהוֹר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל: \n",
+ "הָרֹבַע וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע. אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הוֹאִיל וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמָא תוֹכוֹ לֹא נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁל כַּת קוֹדְמִין הִיא, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו, לֹא נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ: \n",
+ "נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרֵי הָרֹבַע, אֲחוֹרֵי חֲצִי הָרֹבַע טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חוֹלְקִין אֶת הַגַּבָּיִין. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַטְבִּיל, מַטְבִּיל אֶת כֻּלּוֹ: \n",
+ "כַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וְאֹגְנֵיהֶם, וְאָזְנֵיהֶם, וִידוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַמְקַבְּלִים, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, מְנַגְּבָן וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים (שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים), שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו בְּמַשְׁקִין, אֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, תּוֹכוֹ וְאֹגְנוֹ וְאָזְנוֹ וְיָדָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא: \n",
+ "כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְיֶשׁ לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לַעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁל עֵץ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכוֹסוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לְיָדַיִם הַטְּמֵאוֹת וְהַטְּהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא לְיָדַיִם הַטְּהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וַאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס טְמֵאִים, אֲחָזוֹ בְּבֵית צְבִיעָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס. הָיָה שׁוֹתֶה בְכוֹס שֶׁאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמָא הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁבְּפִיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס וְחָזַר וְטִמֵּא הַכּוֹס. קֻמְקוּם שֶׁהוּא מַרְתִּיחַ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא יָצְאוּ מַשְׁקִין מִתּוֹכוֹ וְנָגְעוּ בַאֲחוֹרָיו וְחָזְרוּ לְתוֹכוֹ: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְאֵין לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִים כֵּלִים בְתוֹךְ כֵּלִים לְקֹדֶשׁ. כָּל הַכֵּלִים יוֹרְדִין לִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, וְאֵינָן עוֹלִים מִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן אֶלָּא בְשִׁנּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֶׂה מְבַטֵּל מִיַּד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וּמִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה, וּמַחֲשָׁבָה אֵינָהּ מְבַטֶּלֶת לֹא מִיַּד מַעֲשֶׂה וְלֹא מִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "סַנְדָּל עִמְקִי, וְכִיס שֶׁל שְׁנָצוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּפִיפָה מִצְרִית, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף סַנְדָּל לָדִיקִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בְאֻמָּן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וַהֲלֹא כָל הַכֵּלִים מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בְאֻמָּן. אֲבָל אֵלּוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מֻתָּרִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁהַהֶדְיוֹט יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירָם. לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בִכְפִיפָה מִצְרִית, שֶׁאַף הָאֻמָּן אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירָהּ: \n",
+ "כִּיס שֶׁל שְׁנָצוֹת שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנָצָיו, טָמֵא. נִפְשַׁט, טָהוֹר. טָלָה עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּטְלֵת מִלְּמַטָּן, טָמֵא. כִּיס לְתוֹךְ כִּיס, שֶׁנִּטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶן בְּמַשְׁקֶה, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ. צְרוֹר הַמַּרְגָּלִית, טָמֵא. צְרוֹר הַמָּעוֹת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים: \n",
+ "כַּף לוֹקְטֵי קוֹצִים, טְהוֹרָה. הַזּוֹן וְהַבִּרְכְּיָר, טְמֵאִין. וְהַשַּׁרְווּלִים, טְמֵאִין. וְהַפְּרַקְלִימִין, טְהוֹרִין. וְכָל בֵּית אֶצְבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל קַיָּצִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת הָאוֹג. נִקְרְעָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הָאוֹג, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "סַנְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה אַחַת מֵאָזְנָיו וְתִקְּנָהּ, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. נִפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. לֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה, טְהוֹרָה. נִפְסַק עֲקֵבוֹ, נִטַּל חוֹטְמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר. סוֹלְיָם שֶׁנִּפְסַק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָהוֹר. מִנְעָל שֶׁנִּפְחַת, אִם אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל אֶת רֹב הָרֶגֶל, טָהוֹר. מִנְעָל שֶׁעַל הָאֵמוּם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. כָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל עַרְבִיִּין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, צְרוֹר שָׁעָה, טְהוֹרוֹת. צְרוֹר עוֹלָם, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ עוֹרוֹת טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס, עוֹר שֶׁחִשַּׁב עָלָיו לְשָׁטִיחַ, עוֹר סְקֹרְטְיָא, עוֹר קָטָבֹלְיָא, עוֹר הַחַמָּר, עוֹר הַכַּתָּן, עוֹר הַכַּתָּף, עוֹר הָרוֹפֵא, עוֹר הָעֲרִיסָה, עוֹר הַלֵּב שֶׁל קָטָן, עוֹר הַכַּר, עוֹר הַכֶּסֶת, מִדְרָס. עוֹר הַסָּרוֹק, עוֹר הַסּוֹרֵק, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִדְרָס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת: \n",
+ "עַב כְּסוּת, וְתַכְרִיךְ כְּסוּת, מִדְרָס. עַב אַרְגָּמָן, וְתַכְרִיךְ אַרְגָּמָן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת. עוֹר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חִפּוּי לִכְלִי, טָהוֹר. לְמִשְׁקָלוֹת, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר מִשּׁוּם אָבִיו: \n",
+ "כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן, אֶלָּא הָעֻצְבָּה: \n",
+ "עוֹרוֹת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל עַבְּדָן, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּנָּב, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּזְלָן, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים, שֶׁל גַּזְלָן, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּנָּב, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים: \n",
+ "עוֹר שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְחִשַּׁב עָלָיו לִרְצוּעוֹת וּלְסַנְדָּלִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ אֶת הָאִזְמֵל, טָהוֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיְּמַעֲטֶנּוּ פָחוֹת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹשֶׂה מִטְפַּחַת מִן הָעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. וּמִן הַכֶּסֶת, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם חֲמִשָּׁה שֵׁמוֹת. הַשַּׂק, מִשּׁוּם אַרְבָּעָה. הָעוֹר, מִשּׁוּם שְׁלֹשָׁה. הָעֵץ, מִשּׁוּם שְׁנַיִם. וּכְלִי חֶרֶס, מִשּׁוּם אֶחָד. כְּלִי חֶרֶס מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם. מוּסָף עָלָיו הָעֵץ, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, בִּכְלֵי עֵץ, טְמֵאָה, וּבִכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טְהוֹרָה. מוּסָף עָלָיו הָעוֹר, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֹהָלִים. מוּסָף עָלָיו הַשַּׂק, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אָרִיג. מוּסָף עָלָיו הַבֶּגֶד, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ: \n",
+ "הַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, לְמִדְרָס, וּמִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ לִטְמֵא מֵת. הַשַּׂק אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה, הָעוֹר חֲמִשָּׁה עַל חֲמִשָּׁה, מַפָּץ שִׁשָּׁה עַל שִׁשָּׁה, שָׁוִין לְמִדְרָס וְלִטְמֵא מֵת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַשַּׂק שְׁיָרָיו אַרְבָּעָה, וּתְחִלָּתוֹ מִשֶּׁיִּגָּמֵר: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁנַיִם מִן הַבֶּגֶד וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַמַּפָּץ, טָהוֹר. חֲמִשָּׁה מִן הַמַּפָּץ וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הַבֶּגֶד, טָמֵא. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁחִבֵּר לוֹ מִן הֶחָמוּר מִמֶּנּוּ, טָמֵא. מִן הַקַּל מִמֶּנּוּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַמְקַצֵּעַ מִכֻּלָּם טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִשּׁוּלֵי הַקֻּפָּה טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִצְּדָדֵי הַקֻּפָּה, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַמְקַצֵּעַ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח בְּכָל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "בְּלוֹיֵי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁהִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין עַד שֶׁיְּקַצֵּעַ. כִּסֵּא שֶׁל קָטָן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רַגְלַיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ גָבֹהַּ טֶפַח, טָמֵא. חָלוּק שֶׁל קָטָן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בוֹ כַשִּׁעוּר, וְנִמְדָּד כָּפוּל: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ נִמְדָּדִין כְּפוּלִין. אַמְפַּלְיָא, וּפְמוֹלִינְיָא, וּמִכְנָסַיִם, וְכוֹבַע, וְכִיס שֶׁל פֻּנְדִּיָּא. וּמַטְלִית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַשָּׂפָה, אִם פְּשׁוּטָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת פְּשׁוּטָה, וְאִם כְּפוּלָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת כְּפוּלָה: \n",
+ "הַבֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, וְנִטְמָא מִדְרָס, וְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס: \n",
+ "וְכֵן בֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ, וְנִטְמָא טְמֵא מֵת, וְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר מִטְּמֵא מֵת, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט, טָהוֹר. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהוֹר מִמִּדְרָס, טָמֵא בְכָל הַטֻּמְאוֹת: \n",
+ "סָדִין שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ וִילוֹן, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי בְאֵיזֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, טָמֵא בְמַגַּע הַזָּב: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי בְאֵיזֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, טָמֵא מַגַּע הַזָּב: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, בָּאַשְׁפּוֹת, בָּרִיא וְצוֹרֵר מֶלַח. בַּבַּיִת, אוֹ בָרִיא אוֹ צוֹרֵר מֶלַח. כַּמָּה מֶלַח יְהֵא צוֹרֵר, רֹבַע. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּדַקָּה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּגַסָּה. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִים לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שָׁוִים שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה בָאַשְׁפּוֹת לְשָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ בַּבָּיִת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּקְרַע, אִם נְתָנוֹ עַל הַכִּסֵּא וּבְשָׂרוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בַּכִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר, וְאִם לָאו, טָמֵא. שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנִּמְהָה מִמֶּנָּה חוּט אֶחָד, אוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בוֹ קֶשֶׁר, אוֹ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין מַתְאִימִין, טְהוֹרָה. שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁהִשְׁלִיכָהּ בָּאַשְׁפּוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה. לְעוֹלָם הַשְׁלָכָתָהּ מְטַהֲרַתָּה, וַחֲזָרָתָהּ מְטַמֵּאתָהּ, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל אַרְגָּמָן וְשֶׁל זְהוֹרִית טוֹבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף מַטְלִית חֲדָשָׁה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרִין, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי הֲשָׁבַת אֲבֵדָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ בְּכַדּוּר, אוֹ שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כַּדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְכַדּוּר, טָמֵא. עֲשָׂאוֹ כַדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתֶּפֶר מְמַעֲטוֹ: \n",
+ "פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָפוֹק בּוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, לְנַעֵר בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, לְקַנֵּחַ בּוֹ אֶת הָרֵחַיִם, בֵּין מוּכָן בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוּכָן, טָמֵא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בֵּין מִן הַמּוּכָן, בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה אִסְפְּלָנִית, בֵּין בְּבֶגֶד בֵּין בְּעוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. מְלוּגְמָא, בְּבֶגֶד, טְהוֹרָה, וּבְעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּבֶגֶד, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִנְעָרֶת: \n",
+ "מִטְפְּחוֹת סְפָרִים, בֵּין מְצֻיָּרוֹת בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָן מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, וְשֶׁאֵינָם מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "כִּפָּה שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וּנְתָנוֹ עַל הַסֵּפֶר, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ שָׁטִיחַ, וְשָׁטִיחַ שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, טָהוֹר. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ תּוּרְמֵל וְתוּרְמֵל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, כַּר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ סָדִין וְסָדִין שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ כַּר, כֶּסֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ מִטְפַּחַת וּמִטְפַּחַת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כֶּסֶת, טָמֵא. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁשִּׁנָּהוּ לִשְׁמוֹ, טָמֵא. לְשֵׁם אַחֵר, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַטְלִית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַקֻּפָּה, מְטַמְּאָה אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַקֻּפָּה, הַקֻּפָּה מְטַמָּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית טְהוֹרָה. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מְטַמָּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַבֶּגֶד, הַבֶּגֶד מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית מְטַמְּאָה שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. וְכֵן הַטּוֹלֶה עַל הַשַּׂק אוֹ עַל הָעוֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. עַל הַשַּׂק, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אָרִיג: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, חוּץ מִן הַמְּלָל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ מְכֻוָּנֶת. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. מִשְּׁתֵּי רוּחוֹת זוֹ כְנֶגֶד זוֹ, חִבּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ כְמִין גַּאם, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּטַלִּית. אֲבָל בְּחָלוּק, מִלְמַעְלָן, חִבּוּר. וּמִלְּמַטָּן, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר: \n",
+ "בִּגְדֵי עֲנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. טַלִּית שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ לְקָרְעָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּקְרַע רֻבָּהּ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. הֶעָבִים וְהָרַכִּים, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ: \n",
+ "כֶּסֶת הַסַּבָּלִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. סְבָכָה שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. חָלוּק שֶׁל יוֹצֵאת הַחוּץ הֶעָשׂוּי כִּסְבָכָה, טָהוֹר. הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם, טָהוֹר. וּמִזּוּטוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם וּכְפָלוֹ, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "סְבָכָה שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִפִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת קוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ. הִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִקּוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת פִּיהָ. שָׁבִיס שֶׁלָּהּ, טָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. הַחוּטִין שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם חִבּוּר. סְבָכָה שֶׁנִּקְרְעָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הַשֵּׂעָר, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נוֹמֵי הַסָּדִין וְהַסּוּדָרִין וְהַטַּרְטִין וְהַפִּלְיוֹן שֶׁל רֹאשׁ, שֵׁשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. שֶׁל אַפְקַרְסִין, עֶשֶׂר. נִימֵי סָגוֹס, וְהָרְדִיד, וְהֶחָלוּק, וְהַטַּלִּית, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. נִימֵי כִפָּה שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, וְהַגּוּמְדִין שֶׁל עַרְבִיִּין, וְהַקֻּלְקִין, וְהַפֻּנְדָּא, וְהַמַּעֲפֹרֶת, וְהַפַּרְגּוֹד, נִימֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ כְּסָתוֹת שֶׁל צֶמֶר, שֵׁשׁ שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן, שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִין, שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה מִטְפָּחוֹת, שְׁנֵי סוּבְרִיקִין, חָלוּק אֶחָד, טַלִּית אֶחָד, קְלֻבְקָרִין אֶחָד, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַהֲזָּיָה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה, וְאֵין חִבּוּר לַהַזָּיָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה: \n",
+ "חוּט הַמִּשְׁקֹלֶת, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. שֶׁל חָרָשִׁין, שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר. שֶׁל בַּנָּיִן, חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, אִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָהוֹר. שֶׁל סַיָּדִין וְשֶׁל צַיָּרִין, כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל זֶהָבִים וְשֶׁל שׁוֹקְלֵי אַרְגָּמָן טוֹב, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם מֵאַחֲרָיו, שָׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, טֶפַח, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל חֶנְוָנִים, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים טֶפַח. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם מִלְּפָנָיו, טֶפַח. שְׁיָרֵי יַד הַפַּרְגּוֹל, טֶפַח. יַד מַקֶּבֶת שֶׁל יָד שֶׁל מְפַתְּחֵי אֲבָנִים, טָפַח: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל צַמָּרִים, וְשֶׁל שׁוֹקְלֵי זְכוּכִית, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַמַּקּוֹר, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַמַּעֲצָד שֶׁל לִגְיוֹנוֹת, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַקֻּרְנָס שֶׁל זֶהָבִים, טְפָחַיִם. וְשֶׁל חָרָשִׁין, שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים: \n",
+ "שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּרְבָן מִלְמַעְלָן, אַרְבָּעָה. יַד הַבָּדִיד, אַרְבָּעָה. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם שֶׁל נִכּוּשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה. יַד בֶּן הַפַּטִּישׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה. וְשֶׁל הַפַּטִּישׁ, שִׁשָּׁה. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם שֶׁל בִּקּוּעַ וְשֶׁל עָדִיר, שִׁשָּׁה. וְיַד מַקֶּבֶת שֶׁל סַתָּתִין, שִׁשָּׁה: \n",
+ "שְׁיָרֵי חַרְחוּר מִלְּמַטָּן, שִׁבְעָה. יַד מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שִׁבְעָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שְׁמֹנָה. שֶׁל סַיָּדִין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּשְׁעָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, עֲשָׂרָה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, אִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָמֵא. וְיַד מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הָאוּר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. הַטַּבְלָא וְהָאִסְקוּטְלָא שֶׁל זְכוּכִית, טְהוֹרִין. אִם יֶשׁ לָהֶן לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאִים. שׁוּלֵי קְעָרָה וְשׁוּלֵי אִסְקוּטְלָא שֶׁל זְכוּכִית שֶׁהִתְקִינָן לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְהוֹרִין. קִרְטְסָן אוֹ שָׁפָן בְּשׁוּפִין, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טְהוֹרָה. וְתַמְחוּי שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טָמֵא. וְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה עֲשָׂאוֹ לְשֵׁם אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טָהוֹר. תַּרְוָד שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אִם מְקַבֵּל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "כּוֹס שֶׁנִּפְגַּם רֻבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִפְגַּם בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ בְּרֻבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם מְפַזֵּר הוּא אֶת רֹב הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר. נִקַּב, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּין בְּבַעַץ בֵּין בְּזֶפֶת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּבַעַץ, טָמֵא, וּבְזֶפֶת, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "צְלוֹחִית קְטַנָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְמֵאָה. וּגְדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל פַּלְיָטוֹן שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹרַחַת אֶת הַיָּד. לְגִינִין גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהֶן, טְמֵאִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְתַקְּנָן לִכְבָשִׁין. וְהָאֲפַרְכֵּס שֶׁל זְכוּכִית, טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אַשְׁרַיִךְ כֵּלִים, שֶׁנִּכְנַסְתְּ בְּטֻמְאָה, וְיָצָאת בְּטָהֳרָה: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c192d9037166dacedad9e0ee4f669ccd8771e087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Kelim/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Kelim",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Kelim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וּטְמֵא מֵת, וְהַמְּצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּמַגָּע, וּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ בַּאֲוִיר, וְאֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶם, נְבֵלָה, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, שֶׁהֵם מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הָאָדָם בְּמַשָּׂא לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע, וַחֲשׂוּכֵי בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְרֻקּוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וְדַם הַנִּדָּה, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מֶרְכָּב, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַּחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמֶּרְכָּב, מִשְׁכָּב, שֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב, הַזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב, וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב: \n",
+ "לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּב, זָבָה, שֶׁהִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּבָה, מְצֹרָע, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמְּצֹרָע, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. חָמוּר מִכֻּלָּם, הַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֻּלָּם מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "עֶשֶׂר טֻמְאוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת מִן הָאָדָם. מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּמֻתָּר בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת טְבוּל יוֹם, אָסוּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה וּמֻתָּר בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל קֶרִי, אָסוּר בִּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת זָב שֶׁרָאָה שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת, מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, וְצָרִיךְ בִּיאַת מַיִם חַיִּים, וּפָטוּר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. רָאָה שָׁלֹשׁ, חַיָּב בַּקָּרְבָּן. חָזַר לִהְיוֹת מְצֹרָע מֻסְגָּר, מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה, וּפָטוּר מִן הַפְּרִיעָה וּמִן הַפְּרִימָה וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת וּמִן הַצִּפֳּרִים. וְאִם הָיָה מֻחְלָט, חַיָּב בְּכֻלָּן. פֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֵבָר שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל. וְאִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. שִׁעוּר בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, כְּדֵי לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד כְּדֵי לְהַקִּיפוֹ בְחוּט עֵרֶב, יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲרוּכָה: \n",
+ "עֶשֶׂר קְדֻשּׁוֹת הֵן, אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת. וּמַה הִיא קְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, שֶׁמְּבִיאִים מִמֶּנָּה הָעֹמֶר וְהַבִּכּוּרִים וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, מַה שֶּׁאֵין מְבִיאִים כֵּן מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת: \n",
+ "עֲיָרוֹת הַמֻּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁוֹת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁמְּשַׁלְּחִים מִתּוֹכָן אֶת הַמְּצֹרָעִים, וּמְסַבְּבִין לְתוֹכָן מֵת עַד שֶׁיִּרְצוּ. יָצָא, אֵין מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ: \n",
+ "לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶם, שֶׁאוֹכְלִים שָׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. הַר הַבַּיִת מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין זָבִים וְזָבוֹת, נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. הַחֵיל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין גּוֹיִם וּטְמֵא מֵת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. עֶזְרַת נָשִׁים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין טְבוּל יוֹם נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְאֵין חַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת צָרְכֵיהֶם, לִסְמִיכָה לִשְׁחִיטָה וְלִתְנוּפָה: \n",
+ "בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. הַהֵיכָל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לְשָׁם שֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלָיִם. קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶם, שֶׁאֵין נִכְנָס לְשָׁם אֶלָּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ שָׁוֶה לַהֵיכָל, שֶׁאֵין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ, וּשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן, וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם, וּפוֹרְשִׁין מִבֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ בִּשְׁעַת הַקְטָרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי עֵץ, וּכְלֵי עוֹר, וּכְלֵי עֶצֶם, וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִים, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶם כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, טֻמְאָתָן שָׁוָה. מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, וּמִטַּמְּאִין מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין מִגַּבֵּיהֶן, וּשְׁבִירָתָן הִיא טָהֳרָתָן: \n",
+ "הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן, מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד לֹג. מִלֹּג וְעַד סְאָה, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִסְּאָה וְעַד סָאתַיִם, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִסָּאתַיִם וְעַד שָׁלֹשׁ וְעַד חָמֵשׁ סְאִין, בְּלֹג, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי אֵינִי נוֹתֵן בָּהֶן מִדָּה, אֶלָּא, הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד קְדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת. מֵהַקְּדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת וְעַד חָבִיּוֹת לוּדִיּוֹת, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִלּוּדִיּוֹת וְעַד לַחְמִיּוֹת, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִלַּחְמִיּוֹת וְעַד חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, בְּלֹג. רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי אוֹמֵר, חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בִּשְׁנֵי לֻגִּין. הַפַּכִּים הַגְּלִילִים וְהֶחָבִיּוֹנוֹת, שִׁעוּר קַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וְאֵין לָהֶם דְּפָנוֹת: \n",
+ "הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה פְרוּצָה, וְאַבּוּב שֶׁל קַלָּאִין, וְסִילוֹנוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי כְפוּפִין אַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, וְכַבְכָּב שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לְסַל הַפַּת, וּטְפִי שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָעֲנָבִים, וְחָבִית שֶׁל שַׁיָּטִין, וְחָבִית דְּפוּנָה בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְהַמִּטָּה, וְהַכִּסֵּא, וְהַסַּפְסָל, וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְהַסְּפִינָה, וְהַמְּנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם: \n",
+ "פַּנָּס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ, טָהוֹר. מְגוּפַת הַיּוֹצְרִין שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁהוּא גוֹמֵר בָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. מַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל רוֹכְלִין, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל מִדָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ וּמֵרִיחַ בּוֹ לַלּוֹקֵחַ: \n",
+ "כִּסּוּי כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וְכִסּוּי חָבִיוֹת נְיָרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם הִתְקִינוֹ לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְמֵאִים. כְּסוּי הַלְּפָס, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נָקוּב וְיֶשׁ לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. אִם אֵינוֹ נָקוּב וְאֵין לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְסַנֶּנֶת לְתוֹכוֹ אֶת הַיָּרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא הוֹפֶכֶת עָלָיו אֶת הָרוּנְקִי: \n",
+ "גִּסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בַּכִּבְשָׁן, עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מִשֶּׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. טִיטְרוֹס, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְמוֹצִיא פְרוּטוֹת: \n",
+ "הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה שְׁלֵמָה, וְטַבְלָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה קְעָרוֹת. נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶם בְּשֶׁרֶץ, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּם. אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמְאָה אַחַת מֵהֶם, נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן. וְכֵן בֵּית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל חֶרֶס, וְקַלְמָרִים הַמְּתֹאָמוֹת. וּבֵית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל עֵץ, שֶׁנִּטְמָא אֶחָד בְּמַשְׁקֶה, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין אֶת עָבְיוֹ. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ: \n",
+ "הַלַּפִּיד, טָמֵא. וּבֵית שִׁקְעוֹ שֶׁל נֵר, מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. הַמַּסְרֵק שֶׁל צַרְצוּר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שִׁעוּר כְּלִי חֶרֶס לִטַּהֵר, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְמַשְׁקִין. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִין אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ בְזֵיתִים: \n",
+ "חָבִית, שִׁעוּרָהּ בִּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֶּאֱגוֹזִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. הַלְּפָס וְהַקְּדֵרָה, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הַפַּךְ וְהַטְּפִי, שִׁעוּרָן בְּשָׁמֶן. וְהַצַּרְצוּר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְמָיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּזֵרְעוֹנִין. נֵר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְשָׁמֶן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בִּפְרוּטָה קְטַנָּה. נֵר שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיו, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל אֲדָמָה שֶׁהֻסַּק פִּיו בַּפְּתִילָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בְּזֶפֶת, וְנִשְׁבְּרָה, אִם יֵשׁ בִּמְקוֹם הַזֶּפֶת מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. חֶרֶס שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, אַף עַל פִּי מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלָיו: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וּטְפָלָהּ בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִים נוֹפְלִים, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. נִשְׁבְּרָה וְדִבֵּק מִמֶּנָּה חַרְסִית, אוֹ שֶׁהֵבִיא חַרְסִית מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וּטְפָלָן בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִין עוֹמְדִים, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. הָיָה בָהּ חֶרֶס מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, כֻּלָּהּ מִטַּמָּא בְמַגָּע, וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר: \n",
+ "הַטּוֹפֵל כְּלִי חֶרֶס הַבָּרִיא, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמְּאִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַטּוֹפֵל אֶת הַבָּרִיא, טָהוֹר. וְאֶת הָרָעוּעַ, טָמֵא. וְכֵן בְּחִדּוּק הַקֵּרוּיָה: \n",
+ "יַבְּלִית שֶׁטּוֹפְלִין בָּהּ הַפִּטָּסִין, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָמֵא. מְגוּפַת חָבִית, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּטִפּוּלוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "מֵחַם שֶׁטְּפָלוֹ בְחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֹמֶר, טָמֵא. וּבַחַרְסִית, טָהוֹר. קוּמְקוּם שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אֶת הַחַמִּין כְּצוֹנֵן. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּכְלֵי זֶפֶת. כְּלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁזְּפָתָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לְיַיִן, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וַעֲשָׂאָהּ בְּזֶפֶת יָתֵר מִצָּרְכָּהּ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכָּהּ, טָמֵא. יָתֵר מִצָּרְכָּהּ, טָהוֹר. זֶפֶת שֶׁנָּטְפָה עַל הֶחָבִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהּ, טָהוֹר. מַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁל עֵץ וְשֶׁל חֶרֶס שֶׁפְּקָקוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא בְשֶׁל עֵץ, וּמְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל חֶרֶס. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵיהֶם: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַחֶרֶס שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָזְנוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בוֹ חִדּוּד וְהַחִדּוּד מַכְרִיעוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הָאֹזֶן, נִשְׁבַּר הַחִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. חָבִית שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה, וְהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת עַל דָּפְנוֹתֶיהָ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה כְמִין שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וְאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִטַּלְטֵל בַּחֲצִי קַב גְּרוֹגָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. גִּסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וְאֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת מַשְׁקִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת אֳכָלִין, טְהוֹרָה שֶׁאֵין שְׁיָרִין לִשְׁיָרִין: \n",
+ "אֵיזוֹ הִיא גִסְטְרָא, כֹּל שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ אָזְנֶיהָ. הָיוּ בָהּ חִדּוּדִין יוֹצְאִין, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. הָיְתָה מֻטָּה עַל צִדָּהּ כְּמִין קַתֶּדְרָה, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. שׁוּלֵי קוֹרְפִיּוֹת וְשׁוּלֵי קוֹסִים הַצִּידוֹנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לֵישֵׁב שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁלְּכָךְ נַעֲשׂוּ מִתְּחִלָּתָן: \n",
+ "כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ שְׂפָיוֹת, הַפְּנִימִית עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הַחִיצוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. הָאֶמְצָעִית עוֹדֶפֶת, מִמֶּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִמֶּנָּה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ שָׁווֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין הָאֶמְצָעִית. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיִּצָּרְפוּ בַכִּבְשָׁן, וְהִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "תַּנּוּר, תְּחִלָּתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה, וּשְׁיָרָיו אַרְבָּעָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּגָדוֹל. אֲבָל בְּקָטָן, תְּחִלָּתוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וּשְׁיָרָיו רֻבּוֹ, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. אֵיזֶהוּ גְמַר מְלַאכְתּוֹ, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בּוֹ סֻפְגָּנִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיק אֶת הֶחָדָשׁ, כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בַּיָּשָׁן סֻפְגָּנִין: \n",
+ "כִּירָה, תְּחִלָּתָהּ שָׁלֹשׁ, וּשְׁיָרֶיהָ שָׁלֹשׁ, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּהּ. אֵיזֶהוּ גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּהּ, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה, כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ בֵיצָה קַלָּה שֶׁבַּבֵּיצִים, טְרוּפָה וּנְתוּנָה בְאִלְפָּס. הַכֻּפָּח, עֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּתַּנּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּכִּירָה. הָאֶבֶן הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַתַּנּוּר טֶפַח, וּמִן הַכִּירָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, חִבּוּר. הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַכֻּפָּח, עֲשָׂאוֹ לַאֲפִיָּה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּתַּנּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ לְבִשּׁוּל, שִׁעוּרוֹ כַּכִּירָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, לֹא אָמְרוּ טֶפַח, אֶלָּא בֵין הַתַּנּוּר וְלַכֹּתֶל. הָיוּ שְׁנֵי תַנּוּרִין סְמוּכִים זֶה לָזֶה, נוֹתֵן לָזֶה טֶפַח וְלָזֶה טֶפַח, וְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "עֲטֶרֶת כִּירָה, טְהוֹרָה. טִירַת הַתַּנּוּר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. אִם חִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים טְמֵאָה. בֵּית הַפַּךְ וּבֵית הַתְּבָלִין וּבֵית הַנֵּר שֶׁבַּכִּירָה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁהֻסַּק מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, אוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהֻסַּק בְּבֵית הָאֻמָּן, טָמֵא. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנָּפְלָה דְלֵקָה בְתַנּוּרֵי כְפַר סִגְנָה, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לְיַבְנֶה, וְטִמְּאָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \n",
+ "מוּסַף הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו אֶת הַשַּׁפּוּד. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אוֹפֶה בוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא נִדְחָק. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, מוּסַף הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל צַבָּעִים, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ עָפָר עַד חֶצְיוֹ, מֵעָפָר וּלְמַטָּן, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע. מֵעָפָר וּלְמַעְלָן, מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. נְתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת, וְנָתַן שָׁם אֶבֶן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן, וְהוּא נִסּוֹק מִלְמַעְלָן, טָמֵא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הוֹאִיל וְהֻסַּק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּטְמָא, כֵּיצַד מְטַהֲרִין אוֹתוֹ. חוֹלְקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, וְגוֹרֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִגְרֹר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה, וְלֹא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ, אֶלָּא מְמַעֲטוֹ מִבִּפְנִים אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיעוֹ. חִלְּקוֹ לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר. חֲלָקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל כִּשְׁנַיִם, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וּשְׁנַיִם הַקְּטַנִּים טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "חֲתָכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת לְרָחְבּוֹ, פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. מֵרְחוֹ בְטִיט, מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בּוֹ סֻפְגָּנִין. הִרְחִיק מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה וְנָתַן חֹל אוֹ צְרוֹר בֵּינְתַיִם, בָּזֶה אָמְרוּ, הַנִּדָּה וְהַטְּהוֹרָה אוֹפוֹת בּוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁבָּא מְחֻתָּךְ מִבֵּית הָאֻמָּן, וְעָשָׂה בוֹ לִמּוּדִין, וְנוֹתְנָן עָלָיו וְהוּא טָהוֹר, נִטְמָא. וְסִלֵּק אֶת לִמּוּדָיו, טָהוֹר. הֶחֱזִירָן לוֹ, טָהוֹר. מֵרְחוֹ בְטִיט, מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיקֶנּוּ, שֶׁכְּבָר הֻסָּק: \n",
+ "חֲתָכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת וְנָתַן חֹל בֵּין חֻלְיָא לְחֻלְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. זֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל עַכְנָאי. יוֹרוֹת הָעַרְבִיִּין שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֵר בָּאָרֶץ וְטָח בְּטִיט, אִם יָכוֹל הַטִּיחַ לַעֲמוֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, טָהוֹר. וְזֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן דִּינָאי: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת. נִקַּב, נִפְגַּם, נִסְדַּק, עָשָׂה לוֹ טְפֵלָה, אוֹ מוּסָף שֶׁל טִיט, טָמֵא. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בַנֶּקֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ הָאוּר. וְכֵן בְּכִירָה. כִּירָה שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת טְהוֹרָה, וּטְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, נִקְּבָה, נִפְגְּמָה, נִסְדְּקָה, עָשָׂה לָהּ פִּטְפּוּטִין, טְמֵאָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִבִּפְנִים טְמֵאָה, וּמִבַּחוּץ טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁלֹשָׁה פִטְפּוּטִים בָּאָרֶץ וְחִבְּרָן בְּטִיט לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, טְמֵאָה. קָבַע שְׁלֹשָׁה מַסְמְרִין בָּאָרֶץ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן הַקְּדֵרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁתְּהֵא הַקְּדֵרָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים כִּירָה וְחִבְּרָם בְּטִיט, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁלִישִׁית, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּסְמֹךְ לַכֹּתֶל. אַחַת בְּטִיט וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בְטִיט, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "הָאֶבֶן שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹפֵת עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַתַּנּוּר, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכִּירָה, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֻּפָּח, טְמֵאָה. עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הָאֶבֶן, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַסֶּלַע, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. וְזוֹ הָיְתָה כִּירַת הַנְּזִירִים שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַסָּלַע. כִּירַת הַטַּבָּחִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן אֶבֶן בְּצַד אֶבֶן, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶן, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתֵּי כִירַיִם, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מִן הַחִיצוֹנָה, הָאֶמְצָעִית הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, טְמֵאָה. הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת הַטְּהוֹרָה, טְהוֹרָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּהוֹרָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לְטֻמְאָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּמֵאָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לִטְהוֹרָה. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת, אִם הָיְתָה הָאֶמְצָעִית גְּדוֹלָה, נוֹתֵן לָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן וְלָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן, וְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִטְּלָה הָאֶמְצָעִית, אִם יָכוֹל לִשְׁפֹּת עָלֶיהָ יוֹרָה גְדוֹלָה, טְמֵאָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַבֵּיצָה: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָם כִּירָה וְנִטְמְאוּ, סָמַךְ לָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּאן, וְלָזוֹ אֶבֶן אַחַת מִכָּאן, חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ טְמֵאָה וְחֶצְיָהּ טְהוֹרָה, וְחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ טְמֵאָה וְחֶצְיָהּ טְהוֹרָה. נִטְּלוּ טְהוֹרוֹת, חָזְרוּ אֵלּוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַקַּלָתוּת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִים שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה פָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן וּקְדֵרָה בְשֵׁלָה מִלְמַעְלָן. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. נָתַן אֶבֶן אוֹ צְרוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. זוֹ הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבַת רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְתַנּוּר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת: \n",
+ "דָּכוֹן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל קְדֵרוֹת, טָהוֹר מִשּׁוּם כִּירָה, וְטָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. הַצְּדָדִין שֶׁלּוֹ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶם אֵינוֹ טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כִּירָה. הָרַחַב שֶׁלּוֹ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. וְכֵן הַכּוֹפֶה אֶת הַסַּל וְעוֹשֶׂה עַל גַּבָּיו כִּירָה: \n",
+ "כִּירָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וּלְרָחְבָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. כֻּפָּח שֶׁנֶּחְלַק בֵּין לְאָרְכּוֹ בֵּין לְרָחְבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. חֲצַר הַכִּירָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וְאֵינָהּ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. כֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אֶת הַשַּׁפּוּד מִלְמַעְלָן לְמַטָּן וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, נִטְמְאָה הַכִּירָה, נִטְמֵאת הֶחָצֵר. נִטְמְאָה הֶחָצֵר, לֹא נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה: \n",
+ "הָיְתָה מֻפְרֶשֶׁת מִן הַכִּירָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמָּא בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲלָקָה, טְהוֹרָה. פִּטְפּוּטֵי כִירָה, שְׁלֹשָׁה, שֶׁל שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הֵן טְמֵאִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן אַרְבָּעָה: \n",
+ "נִטַּל אַחַד מֵהֶן, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. עָשָׂה שְׁנַיִם, זֶה כְנֶגֶד זֶה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ גְבוֹהִין מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַטָּן מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַעְלָן מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ מְשׁוּכִים מִן הַשָּׂפָה, בְּתוֹךְ שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, חוּץ מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָן. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אֶת הַכַּנָּה בֵּינֵיהֶן, מִן הַכַּנָּה וְלַחוּץ טָהוֹר, מִן הַכַּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, וּמְקוֹם הַכַּנָּה טָמֵא: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַתַּנּוּר שֶׁחֲצָצוֹ בִנְסָרִים אוֹ בִירִיעוֹת, נִמְצָא שֶׁרֶץ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כַּוֶּרֶת פְּחוּתָה וּפְקוּקָה בְקַשׁ וּמְשֻׁלְשֶׁלֶת לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִין. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, אִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, לֹא תַצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶס הַקַּל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִם הִצִּילָה בְמֵת הֶחָמוּר, שֶׁכֵּן חוֹלְקִים אֹהָלִים, תַּצִּיל בִּכְלִי חֶרֶס הַקַּל, שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִים כְּלִי חָרֶס: ",
+ "הָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, וְכֵן הַקֻּפָּה, וְכֵן הַחֵמֶת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְהוֹרִין. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה: ",
+ "סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר וְשׁוֹקַעַת לְתוֹכוֹ וְאֵין לָהּ גַּפַּיִם, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶס אֶלָּא כֵלִים. חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, וּנְתוּנָה לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. הָיְתָה כְפוּיָה וּפִיהָ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי הֶחָבִית טָהוֹר: ",
+ "קְדֵרָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵין כְּלִי חֶרֶס מְטַמֵּא כֵלִים. הָיָה בָהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, נִטְמָא וְטִמְּאָהּ. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: ",
+ "תַּרְנְגוֹל שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר. וְאִם מֵת, טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בַתַּנּוּר, הַפַּת שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, שְׁנִיָּה, שֶׁהַתַּנּוּר תְּחִלָּה: ",
+ "בֵּית שְׂאֹר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל וְנָתוּן לְתוֹךְ הַתַּנּוּר, הַשְּׂאֹר וְהַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכוֹ וְהַקֶּרֶץ בֵּינְתַיִם, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא וְהַשְּׂאֹר טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיָה כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, הַתַּנּוּר וְהַבַּיִת טָמֵא, וְהַשְּׂאֹר טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: ",
+ "הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָעַיִן שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, בָּעַיִן שֶׁל כִּירָה, בָּעַיִן שֶׁל כֻּפָּח, מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיָה בָאֲוִיר, אֲפִלּוּ כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, טָהוֹר. וְאִם יֶשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: ",
+ "נִמְצָא מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הָעֵצִים, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִכְּנֶגֶד שְׁפִיתַת הַקְּדֵרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַבַּלָּן, מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת הַצַּבָּע, מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבַת שֶׁל שׁוֹלְקֵי זֵיתִים, טָהוֹר. אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִן הַסְּתִימָה וְלִפְנִים: ",
+ "בּוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי זְכוּכִית, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. כִּבְשָׁן שֶׁל סַיָּדִין וְשֶׁל זַגָּגִין וְשֶׁל יוֹצְרִים, טְהוֹרָה. פוּרְנָה, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ אִסְטְגִיּוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׂפָיוֹת: ",
+ "מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת, שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וְהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא, נִטְמָאוּ. הָיָה אוֹכֵל דְּבֵלָה בְיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת, הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו לִטֹּל אֶת הַצְּרוֹר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָפַךְ, טָמֵא. אִם לֹא הָפַךְ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה פֻנְדְּיוֹן לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם לִצְמָאוֹ, טָמֵא: ",
+ "הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּטַף חָלָב מִדַּדֶּיהָ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁהַמַּשְׁקֶה מְטַמֵּא לְרָצוֹן וְשֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן. הָיְתָה גוֹרַפְתּוֹ וְהִכַּתָּהּ הַקּוֹץ וְיָצָא מִמֶּנָּה דָם, אוֹ שֶׁנִּכְוָת וְנָתְנָה אֶצְבָּעָהּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהָ, נִטְמָא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "מַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בִנְחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, נִרְאִין אֲבָל לֹא יוֹצְאִים, אִם אוֹפֶה אֶת הַבָּצֵק וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, טָמֵא. בְּאֵיזֶה בָצֵק אָמְרוּ, בְּבָצֵק הַבֵּינוֹנִי. נִמְצְאוּ בִטְפֵלַת הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, אִם בְּטָמֵא, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם בְּטָהוֹר, טְהוֹרִים. נִמְצְאוּ בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית, מִצִּדֶּיהָ, טְמֵאִים, מִכְּנֶגֶד פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרִים. נִרְאִין בְּתוֹכָהּ אֲבָל לֹא לַאֲוִירָהּ, טְהוֹרִין. שׁוֹקְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ וְתַחְתֵּיהֶם כִּקְלִפַּת הַשּׁוּם, טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין וּמְנִיקָת בְּתוֹכָהּ, מֻקֶּפֶת צָמִיד פָּתִיל וּנְתוּנָה בְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, וּמְנִיקָת טְמֵאָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִין, אַף מְנִיקָת טְהוֹרָה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n",
+ "הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, חַי נָפַל וְעַכְשָׁיו מֵת. מַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, שָׁם הָיוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא הַתַּנּוּר. נִמְצְאוּ בְאֵפֶר מִקְלֶה, טָמֵא, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בַמֶּה יִתְלֶה: \n",
+ "סְפוֹג שֶׁבָּלַע מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין וְנָגוּב מִבַּחוּץ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. וְכֵן חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל לֶפֶת וְשֶׁל גֶּמִי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ: \n",
+ "חֲרָסִין שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין וְנָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הֻסַּק הַתַּנּוּר, טָמֵא, שֶׁסּוֹף מַשְׁקֶה לָצֵאת. וְכֵן בְּגֶפֶת חֲדָשָׁה, אֲבָל בִּישָׁנָה, טָהוֹר. וְאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, נִטְמָא: \n",
+ "הַגֶּפֶת וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה וְהָלְכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טְמֵאִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְהוֹרִין, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן נַעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה. כּוּשׁ שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַצִּנּוֹרָא, מַלְמָד שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַדָּרְבָן, לְבֵנָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אֶת הַטַּבַּעַת, וְהֵן טְהוֹרִים, נִכְנְסוּ לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, נִטְמָאוּ. הֱסִיטָן הַזָּב, נִטְמָאוּ. נָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. נָגַע בָּהֶן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, נִסְדַּק מִן הַתַּנּוּר לַסְּרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נִכְנָס. נִסְדְּקָה סְרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּע נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. הָיָה עָגֹל, אֵין רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ אָרֹךְ, אֶלָּא שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ נִכְנָס: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּקַּב מֵעֵינוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. נִקַּב מִצִּדּוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, שִׁעוּרָהּ מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל שִׁיפוֹן. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בַּחֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ, שִׁעוּרָם מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל קָנֶה. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְיַיִן, אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ לִשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם. אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל וּבְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "אֵלּוּ כֵלִים מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל, כְּלֵי גְלָלִים, כְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, כְּלֵי אֲדָמָה, כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, עַצְמוֹת הַדָּג וְעוֹרוֹ, עַצְמוֹת חַיָּה שֶׁבַּיָּם וְעוֹרָהּ, וּכְלֵי עֵץ הַטְּהוֹרִים. מַצִּילִים בֵּין מִפִּיהֶם בֵּין מִצִּדֵּיהֶן, בֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶן בֵּין מֻטִּין עַל צִדֵּיהֶן. הָיוּ כְפוּיִים עַל פִּיהֶן, מַצִּילִים כֹּל שֶׁתַּחְתֵּיהֶן עַד הַתְּהוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. עַל הַכֹּל מַצִּילִין, חוּץ מִכְּלֵי חֶרֶס, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס: \n",
+ "בַּמֶּה מַקִּיפִים. בְּסִיד וּבְגִפְּסִיס, בְּזֶפֶת וּבְשַׁעֲוָה, בְּטִיט וּבְצוֹאָה, בְּחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, וּבְכָל דָּבָר הַמִּתְמָרֵחַ. אֵין מַקִּיפִים לֹא בְּבַעַץ וְלֹא בְעוֹפֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פָתִיל וְאֵינוֹ צָמִיד. אֵין מַקִּיפִין לֹא בִדְבֵלָה שְׁמֵנָה, וְלֹא בְּבָצֵק שֶׁנִּלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִידֵי פְסוּל. וְאִם הִקִּיף, הִצִּיל: \n",
+ "מְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית הַמְחֻלְחֶלֶת וְאֵינָהּ נִשְׁמֶטֶת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מַצֶּלֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת. הָיָה בֵית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ שׁוֹקֵעַ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הֶחָבִית טְמֵאָה. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בֶּחָבִית, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְמֵאִים: \n",
+ "הַכַּדּוּר וְהַפְּקַעַת שֶׁל גֶּמִי שֶׁנְּתָנָן עַל פִּי הֶחָבִית, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, לֹא הִצִּיל, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִלְמַעְלָן וּמִלְּמַטָּן. וְכֵן בְּמַטְלִית שֶׁל בֶּגֶד. הָיְתָה שֶׁל נְיָר אוֹ שֶׁל עוֹר, וּקְשָׁרָהּ בִּמְשִׁיחָה, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, הִצִּיל: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְקַלְּפָה וְהַזֶּפֶת שֶׁלָּהּ עוֹמֶדֶת, וְכֵן קְבוֹסִים שֶׁל מֻרְיָס שֶׁגְּפָתָן עִם הַשָּׂפָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵינָם מַצִּילִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַצִּילִין: \n",
+ "חָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה וּסְתָמוּהָ שְׁמָרִים, הִצִּילוּהָ. פְּקָקָהּ בִּזְמוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִים. הָיוּ שְׁתַּיִם, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין וּבֵין זְמוֹרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ. נֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר, אִם מֵרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין, הִצִּיל. הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח מִן הַצְּדָדִין וּבֵין נֶסֶר לַחֲבֵרוֹ. עֲשָׂאָן בְּסִינִין אוֹ בְשֹׁגְמִין, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְמָרֵחַ מִן הָאֶמְצָע: \n",
+ "תַּנּוּר יָשָׁן בְּתוֹךְ הֶחָדָשׁ וּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי הַיָּשָׁן, נִטַּל הַיָּשָׁן וּסְרֵידָה נוֹפֶלֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. חָדָשׁ בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּשָׁן וּסְרֵידָה עַל פִּי הַיָּשָׁן, אִם אֵין בֵּין חָדָשׁ לַסְּרֵידָה פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, כֹּל שֶׁבֶּחָדָשׁ טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "לְפָסִין זוֹ בְתוֹךְ זוֹ וְשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה אוֹ בַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הָיוּ בְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הִיא וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה. בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כְּלִי, חָזְרוּ לְטֻמְאָתָן הַיְשָׁנָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא לְכָל טֻמְאָה, אֶלָּא לְטֻמְאַת הַנָּפֶשׁ: \n",
+ "כָּל כְּלִי מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַדֶּלֶת, וּמִן הַנֶּגֶר, וּמִן הַמַּנְעוּל, וְהַפּוֹתָה שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּיר, וְהַצִּיר, וְהַקּוֹרָה, וְהַצִּנּוֹר, שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לַקַּרְקָע: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הָעֶשֶׁת, וּמִן הַחֲרָרָה, וּמִן הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, וּמִן הַטַּסִּין, וּמִן הַצִּפּוּיִין, מִכַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וּמֵאֹגְנֵי כֵלִים, מֵאָזְנֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַשְּׁחוֹלֶת, וּמִן הַגְּרוּדוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף מִן הַקְּצוּצוֹת. מִשִּׁבְרֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַגְּרוּטִים, וּמִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ מִכְּלִי, טְמֵאִין. מִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. וְכֵן מִן הַחֲלָמָא וּמִן הַגְּלָלִים. קְלוֹסְטְרָא, טְמֵאָה. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַפִּין, וְהַפּוּרְנָה, טְמֵאִין. וְהַקְּלוֹסְטְרָא, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹמְטָהּ מִפֶּתַח זֶה וְתוֹלָהּ בַּחֲבֵרוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הִיא לוֹ כְּכָל הַכֵּלִים, וּמִטַּלְטֶלֶת בֶּחָצֵר: \n",
+ "עַקְרָב שֶׁל פְּרֻמְבְּיָא, טְמֵאָה. וּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא בַלְּחָיָיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא עַקְרָב. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: \n",
+ "פִּיקָה שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַכּוּשׁ, וְהָאִימָּה, וְהַמַּקֵּל, וְסִמְפּוֹנְיָה, וְחָלִיל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאִין. וּמְצֻפִּין, טְהוֹרִים. סִמְפּוֹנְיָה, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל כְּנָפַיִם, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "קֶרֶן עֲגֻלָּה, טְמֵאָה. וּפְשׁוּטָה, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הָיְתָה מְצֻפִּית שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה. הַקַּב שֶׁלָּהּ, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, קְנֵי מְנוֹרָה, טְהוֹרִין. הַפֶּרַח וְהַבָּסִיס, טְמֵאִים. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: \n",
+ "קַסְדָּא, טְמֵאָה. וּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִים. אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַיִם, טְמֵאִים. כָּל כְּלֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה, טְמֵאִים. הַכִּידוֹן, הַנִּיקוֹן, וְהַמַּגָּפַיִן, וְהַשִּׁרְיוֹן, טְמֵאִין. כָּל תַּכְשִׁיטֵי נָשִׁים, טְמֵאִים. עִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, קַטְלָיוֹת, נְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת, וְטַבַּעַת, בֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ חוֹתָם וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין לָהּ חוֹתָם, נִזְמֵי הָאָף. קַטְלָה שֶׁחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת בְּחוּט שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן אוֹ שֶׁל צֶמֶר, נִפְסַק הַחוּט, הַחֻלְיוֹת טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת כְּלִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. חוּט שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, וְחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, וְשֶׁל זְכוּכִית, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ הַחֻלְיוֹת, הַחוּט בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ קַיָּם, טָמֵא. שְׁיָרֵי קַטְלָא, כִּמְלֹא צַוַּאר קְטַנָּה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ טַבַּעַת אַחַת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁכֵּן תּוֹלִין בַּצַּוָּאר: \n",
+ "נֶזֶם שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי כִּקְדֵרָה מִלְּמַטָּן וְכָעֲדָשָׁה מִלְמַעְלָן, וְנִפְרַק, כִּקְדֵרָה טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי בֵית קִבּוּל, וְכָעֲדָשָׁה טָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. צִנּוֹרָא, טְהוֹרָה. הֶעָשׂוּי כְּמִין אֶשְׁכּוֹל, וְנִפְרַק, טָהוֹר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "טַבַּעַת אָדָם, טְמֵאָה. טַבַּעַת בְּהֵמָה וְכֵלִים וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטַּבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת. קוֹרַת הַחִצִּים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אֲסִירִין, טְהוֹרָה. הַקּוֹלָר, טְמֵאָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית נְעִילָה, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִכְפִיתָה, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל סִיטוֹנוֹת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַפְתֵּחַ אֶחָד, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, אוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר חִלָּזוֹן בְּרֹאשָׁהּ, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "קְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל סָרוֹקוֹת, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי אֻנְקְלָיוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ אֻנְקְלָיוֹת, טָמֵא. אֻנְקְלִין שֶׁל כַּתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו טְמֵאָה, וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו טְהוֹרָה. אֻנְקְלִי דַרְגָּשׁ, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַקְלִיטִין, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שִׁדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אָקוֹן, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁל מְנוֹרַת הָעֵץ, טָהוֹר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְהַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. וְכֻלָּן, אַחַת אַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וְשֶׁל רוֹפְאִים, טָמֵא. הַדֶּלֶת שֶׁבַּמִּגְדָּל, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל רוֹפְאִים, טְמֵאָה. הַיַּתּוּכִין, טְמֵאִים. וְהַפְּרָכִין, טְהוֹרִין. עַקְרַב בֵּית הַבַּד, טְמֵאָה. וְאֻנְקְלִי שֶׁבַּכְּתָלִים, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מַסְמֵר הַגָּרָע, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל אֶבֶן הַשָּׁעוֹת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. מַסְמֵר הַגַּרְדִּי, טָמֵא. וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. הָיְתָה עֲגָלָה שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה: \n",
+ "מַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ וְנוֹעֵל בּוֹ, טָמֵא. הֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁמִירָה, טָהוֹר. מַסְמֵר שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ אֶת הֶחָבִית, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיִּצְרְפֶנּוּ. מַסְמֵר שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָנִי, טָהוֹר. וְרַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מַסְמֵר שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָנִי, וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, וּמַסְמֵר שֶׁל אֶבֶן הַשָּׁעוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "אַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגֹלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, שֶׁהַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "דִּינָר שֶׁנִּפְסַל וְהִתְקִינוֹ לִתְלוֹתוֹ בְצַוַּאר קְטַנָּה, טָמֵא. וְכֵן סֶלַע שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה וְהִתְקִינָהּ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹקֵל בָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. עַד כַּמָּה תִפָּסֵל וִיהֵא רַשַּׁאי לְקַיְּמָהּ, עַד שְׁנֵי דִינָרִין. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, יָקֹץ: \n",
+ "הָאוֹלָר, וְהַקֻּלְמוֹס, וְהַמְּטוּטֶלֶת, וְהַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, וְהַכּוּרִים, וְהַכַּן, וְהַכַּנָּא, טְמֵאִים. וְכָל גֹּלְמֵי כְלֵי עֵץ, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף גְּרוֹפִית שֶׁל זַיִת, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׁלֵק: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַסַּיִף, וְהַסַּכִּין, וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, וְהָרֹמַח, מַגַּל יָד וּמַגַּל קָצִיר, וְהַשְּׁחוֹר וְזוּג שֶׁל סַפָּרִים, שֶׁנֶּחֱלְקוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסָּמוּךְ לַיָּד, טָמֵא. וְהַסָּמוּךְ לָרֹאשׁ, טָהוֹר. מִסְפֶּרֶת שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n",
+ "קֹלִגְרִיפוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שִׁנָּהּ. נִטְּלָה שִׁנָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. מִכְחוֹל שֶׁנִּטַּל הַכַּף, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַזָּכָר. נִטַּל הַזָּכָר, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַכָּף. מַכְתֵּב שֶׁנִּטַּל הַכּוֹתֵב, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַמּוֹחֵק. נִטַּל הַמּוֹחֵק, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַכּוֹתֵב. זוֹמָא לִסְטְרָא שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַמַּזְלֵג. נִטַּל הַמַּזְלֵג, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי כַפָּהּ. וְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁל מַעְדֵּר. שִׁעוּר כֻּלָּן, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתָּן: \n",
+ "חַרְחוּר שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, טָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל רֻבּוֹ. נִשְׁבַּר מְקוֹפוֹ, טָהוֹר. קֻרְדֹּם שֶׁנִּטַּל עֻשְׁפּוֹ, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי בֵית בִּקּוּעוֹ. נִטַּל בֵּית בִּקּוּעוֹ, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי עֻשְׁפּוֹ. נִשְׁבַּר מְקוֹפוֹ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקֻרְנָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מְגֵרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. הַמַּעֲצָד וְהָאִזְמֵל וְהַמַּפְסֶלֶת וְהַמַּקְדֵּחַ, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ, טְמֵאִים. נִטַּל חִסּוּמָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁנַיִם, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִן הַמַּקְדֵּחַ. וְהָרוּקְנִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מַחַט שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ אוֹ עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הִתְקִינָהּ לְמִתּוּחַ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל סַקָּיִין שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב בָּהּ. נִטַּל עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל מִתּוּחַ, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה. מַחַט שֶׁהֶעֶלְתָה חֲלֻדָּה, אִם מְעַכֶּבֶת אֶת הַתְּפִירָה, טְהוֹרָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְמֵאָה. צִנּוֹרָא שֶׁפְּשָׁטָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. כְּפָפָהּ, חָזְרָה לְטֻמְאָתָהּ: \n",
+ "עֵץ הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת הַמַּתֶּכֶת, טָמֵא. וְהַמַּתֶּכֶת הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת הָעֵץ, טְהוֹרָה. כֵּיצַד, פּוֹתַחַת שֶׁל עֵץ וְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת, טְמֵאָה. פּוֹתַחַת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וְהַפִּין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל עֵץ, טְהוֹרָה. טַבַּעַת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל אַלְמוֹג, טְמֵאָה. טַבַּעַת שֶׁל אַלְמוֹג וְחוֹתָם שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הַשֵּׁן שֶׁבַּטַּס, שֶׁבַּפּוֹתַחַת, וְשֶׁבַּמַּפְתֵּחַ, טְמֵאָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ: \n",
+ "הַכַּדּוּמִין הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִין שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרוּ וְהָאֻנְקְלִי שֶׁלָּהֶן קַיֶּמֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. הַמַּעְבֵּר, וְהַמַּזְרֶה, וְהַמַּגּוֹב, וְכֵן מַסְרֵק שֶׁל רֹאשׁ שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מִשִּׁנֵּיהֶן, וַעֲשָׂאָן שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. וְעַל כֻּלָּן אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, דְּבַר חִדּוּשׁ חִדְּשׁוּ סוֹפְרִים, וְאֵין לִי מָה אָשִׁיב: \n",
+ "מַסְרֵק שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שְׁתַּיִם, טָמֵא. וְאַחַת, טָהוֹר. וְכֻלָּן, אַחַת אַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. וְשֶׁל צֶמֶר שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנָּיו אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טָהוֹר. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. הָיְתָה הַחִיצוֹנָה אַחַת מֵהֶן, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁתַּיִם וַעֲשָׂאָן לְמַלְקֶטֶת, טְמֵאוֹת. אַחַת וְהִתְקִינָהּ לְנֵר אוֹ לְמִתּוּחַ, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרָן. הַדְּלִי, כְּדֵי לְמַלֹּאת בּוֹ. קֻמְקוּם, כְּדֵי לֵיחֵם בּוֹ. מֵחַם, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל סְלָעִים. הַלֶּפֶס, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל קִיתוֹנוֹת. קִיתוֹנוֹת, כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל פְּרוּטוֹת. מִדּוֹת יַיִן, בְּיַיִן. וּמִדּוֹת שֶׁמֶן, בְּשָׁמֶן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בִּפְרוּטוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, הַמְחֻסָּר חֲטִיפָה, טָמֵא. וְהַמְחֻסָּר לְטִישָׁה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַקֵּל שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מַסְמֵר כְּמִין חַזְיָנָא, טָמֵא. סִמְּרוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדָרִים. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן לְנוֹי, טְהוֹרִין. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מְנִיקָת, וְכֵן בַּדֶּלֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָיְתָה כְלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, טְמֵאָה. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּל. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיְּחַבֵּר: \n",
+ "הַקַּנְטָר שֶׁל בַּנַּאי, וְהַדָּקוֹר שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. יִתְדוֹת אֹהָלִים וְיִתְדוֹת הַמָּשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל מָשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לָעֵצִים, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת דְּלִי גָדוֹל, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וְשֶׁל קָטָן, עֲשָׂרָה. חֲמוֹר שֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טָמֵא. מְגֵרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה שִׁנֶּיהָ בְתוֹךְ הַחוֹר, טְמֵאָה. עֲשָׂאָהּ מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן, טְהוֹרָה. וְכָל הַכְּסוּיִן טְהוֹרִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל מֵחָם: \n",
+ "הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, וְהַקַּטְרָב, וְהַכְּנָפַיִם הַמְקַבְּלוֹת אֶת הָרְצוּעוֹת, וְהַבַּרְזֶל שֶׁתַּחַת צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹמֵךְ, וְהַמַּחְגֵּר, וְהַתַּמְחוּיוֹת, הָעִנְבָּל, וְהַצִּנּוֹרָה, וּמַסְמֵר הַמְחַבֵּר אֶת כֻּלָּן: \n",
+ "הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל הַמְצֻפֶּה, כְּנָפַיִם הָעֲשׂוּיוֹת לְנוֹי, וּשְׁפוֹפָרוֹת הַמַּשְׁמִיעוֹת אֶת הַקּוֹל, וְהָאֲבָר שֶׁבְּצַד צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, הַטַּסִּים, וְהַצִּפּוּיִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. סַנְדְּלֵי בְהֵמָה שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאִין. שֶׁל שַׁעַם, טְהוֹרִין. הַסַּיִף מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ. וְהַסַּכִּין, מִשֶּׁיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה: \n",
+ "כְּסוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה בוֹ מַרְאָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. מַרְאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מַרְאָה אֶת רֹב הַפָּנִים, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שְׁבוּרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִטַּהֲרִין אֶלָּא שְׁלֵמִין. כֵּיצַד, הִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן, נִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ בַיּוֹם, הִתִּיכָן וְחָזַר וְהִזָּה עֲלֵיהֶן שֵׁנִית בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵין הַזָּיָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלִישִׁי וּשְׁבִיעִי: \n",
+ "מַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ אַרְכֻּבָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ מִבִּפְנִים. וְשֶׁל גַּם שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ גֻּמּוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ בוֹ חָפִין וּנְקָבִין, טָמֵא. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי נְקָבִין. נִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי חָפִין. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין וְנִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרְצוּ זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טָהוֹר. מְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְרְצוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה נְקָבִים מִלְּמַטָּן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טְהוֹרָה. וְהָאֲפַרְכֵּס שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי עֵץ, כְּלֵי עוֹר, כְּלֵי עֶצֶם, כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. הַשִּׁדָּה, וְהַתֵּבָה, וְהַמִּגְדָּל, כַּוֶּרֶת הַקַּשׁ, וְכַוֶּרֶת הַקָּנִים, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶם שׁוּלַיִם, וְהֵן מַחֲזִיקִין אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה בְלַח, שֶׁהֵם כּוֹרַיִם בְּיָבֵשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, בֵּין מְקַבְּלִין, בֵּין אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דַּרְדּוּר עֲגָלָה, וְקֻסְטוֹת הַמְּלָכִים, וַעֲרֵבַת הָעַבְּדָנִין, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה קְטַנָּה, וְהָאָרוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׂוּיִן לִטַּלְטֵל אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, הַמְּקַבְּלִים, טְהוֹרִין, וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין. אֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אֶלָּא עֲרֵבַת בַּעַל הַבָּיִת: \n",
+ "אֲרוּבוֹת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים, טְמֵאוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרוֹת. סֵרְקָן אוֹ כִרְכְּמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. דַּף שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. סְרוֹד שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. גִּפְּפוֹ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתָיו, טָמֵא. נִפְרַץ מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת קוֹרֵץ עָלָיו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן הַמַּעֲרוֹךְ, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "יַם נָפָה שֶׁל סִלָּתִין, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל גּוֹדֶלֶת טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבָּנוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ וְגוֹדְלוֹת: \n",
+ "כָּל הַתְּלוֹיִים, טְמֵאִין, חוּץ מִתְּלוֹי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מִתְּלוֹי נָפָה שֶׁל סִלָּתִין, וּתְלוֹי כִּבְרַת גְּרָנוֹת, וּתְלוֹי מַגַּל יָד, וּתְלוֹי מַקֵּל הַבַּלָּשִׁין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְסַיְּעִין בִּשְׁעַת הַמְּלָאכָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְסַיֵּעַ בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא. הֶעָשׂוּי לִתְלוֹי, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "רַחַת שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל אוֹצָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל גִּתּוֹת, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל גְּרָנוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא. לְכִנּוּס, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "נִבְלֵי הַשָּׁרָה, טְמֵאִין. וְנִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין. וּמַשְׁקֵה בֵית מַטְבְּחַיָּא, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַסְּפָרִים מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, חוּץ מִסֵּפֶר הָעֲזָרָה. הַמַּרְכּוֹף, טָהוֹר. הַבַּטְנוֹן, וְהַנִּקְטְמוֹן, וְהָאֵרוּס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֵרוּס טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָאַלָּיִת יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו. מְצֻדַּת הַחֻלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל הָעַכְבָּרִין, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל כְּלִי עֵץ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִשֻּׁלְחָן הַכָּפוּל, וְתַמְחוּי הַמִּזְנוֹן, וְהָאֱפִיפוֹרִין שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמָּגֵס, וְקוֹד הַבַּבְלִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. כְּלֵי עֵץ, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַמִּטָּה וְהָעֲרִיסָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֵם בְּעוֹר הַדָּג. גָּמַר שֶׁלֹּא לָשׁוּף, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים: \n",
+ "הַסַּלִּים שֶׁל עֵץ, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. וְשֶׁל תְּמָרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִין. כַּלְכָּלָה, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיִגְמֹר אֶת הַתְּלוֹיָה. בֵּית הַלְּגִינִין, וּבֵית הַכּוֹסוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קִנֵּב מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן מְקַיְּמִין: \n",
+ "הַקְּנוֹנִין הַקְּטַנִּים, וְהַקְּלָתוֹת, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. הַקְּנוֹנִים הַגְּדוֹלִים, וְהַסּוּגִין הַגְּדוֹלִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁנֵי דוּרִים לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהֶם. יָם נָפָה, וּכְבָרָה, וְכַף שֶׁל מֹאזְנַיִם, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה דוּר אֶחָד לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהֶן. הַקֻּפָּה, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי צְפִירוֹת לָרֹחַב שֶׁלָּהּ. וְהֶעָרָק, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בוֹ צְפִירָה אֶחָת: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי עוֹר, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַתּוּרְמֵל, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיַעֲשֶׂה קִיחוֹתָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת אָזְנָיו. סְקֹרְטְיָא, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב וְיַעֲשֶׂה אֶת צִיצָתָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת טַבְּעוֹתֶיהָ. קָטָבוֹלְיָא, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת קִיחוֹתֶיהָ. הַכַּר וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁל עוֹר, מִשֶּׁיַּחְסֹם וִיקַנֵּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיִּתְפְּרֵם וִישַׁיֵּר בָּהֶם פָּחוֹת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים: \n",
+ "פָּטִילְיָה, טְמֵאָה. וַחֲסִינָה, טְהוֹרָה. סִגְנִיּוֹת שֶׁל עָלִין, טְהוֹרוֹת. שֶׁל נְצָרִין, טְמֵאוֹת. חוֹתָל שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכוֹ וְנוֹטֵל מִתּוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל עַד שֶׁיִּקְרָעֶנּוּ אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּתִּירֶנּוּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "קְסָיָה שֶׁל זוֹרֵי גְרָנוֹת, שֶׁל הוֹלְכֵי דְרָכִים, שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי פִשְׁתָּן, טְמֵאָה. אֲבָל שֶׁל צַבָּעִין וְשֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְקַבָּלָה, טָמֵא. מִפְּנֵי הַזֵּעָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַמַּלְקוֹט שֶׁל בָּקָר, וְהֶחָסִים שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַמַּדָּף שֶׁל דְּבוֹרִים, וְהַמְּנָפָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. כְּסוּי שֶׁל קֻפְסָא, טָמֵא. כְּסוּי קַמְטְרָא, טָהוֹר. כְּסוּי תֵּבָה, כְּסוּי טֶנִי, וְהַמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁתַּחַת הַתֵּבָה, וְהַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, וְאַנְגְּלִין שֶׁל סֵפֶר, בֵּית הַנֶּגֶר, בֵּית הַמַּנְעוּל, וּבֵית הַמְּזוּזָה, וְתִיק נְבָלִין, וְתִיק כִּנּוֹרֶת, וְהָאֵמוּם שֶׁל גּוֹדְלֵי מִצְנָפוֹת, וְהַמַּרְכּוֹף שֶׁל זַמָּר, וּרְבִיעִית שֶׁל אַלָּיִת, וּגְנוֹגְנִית הֶעָנִי, וְסָמוֹכוֹת הַמִּטָּה, וּטְפוּס שֶׁל תְּפִלָּה, וְאֵמוּם שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂה סוּתוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, כָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי מְשַׁמְּשָׁיו שֶׁל אָדָם בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "תִּיק הַסַּיִף וְהַסַּכִּין וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, תִּיק מִסְפֶּרֶת וּמִסְפָּרַיִם וְהַתַּעַר, תִּיק מִכְחוֹל, וּבֵית הַכּוֹחַל, תִּיק מַכְתֵּב, וּתְרוּנְתֵּק, תִּיק טַבְלָא וּסְקֹרְטְיָא, בֵּית הַחִצִּים, בֵּית הַפָּגוֹשׁוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. תִּיק סִמְפּוֹנְיָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן מִלְמַעְלָה, טָמֵא. מִצִּדּוֹ, טָהוֹר. תִּיק חֲלִילִין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ מִצִּדּוֹ. חִפּוּי הָאַלָּה, הַקֶּשֶׁת, וְהָרֹמַח, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְתִיק, טָמֵא. לְחִפּוּי, טָהוֹר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל כְּלֵי בַעֲלֵי בָתִּים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּרִמּוֹנִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן. קֻפּוֹת הַגַּנָּנִים, שִׁעוּרָן בַּאֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁל יָרָק. שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, בְּתֶבֶן. שֶׁל בַּלָּנִין, בִּגְבָבָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בְּרִמּוֹנִים: ",
+ "הַחֵמֶת, שִׁעוּרָהּ בִּפְקָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל שֶׁתִי. אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁל שְׁתִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֶּלֶת שֶׁל עֵרֶב, טְמֵאָה. בֵּית קְעָרוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל קְעָרוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל אֶת הַתַּמְחוּיִין, טָמֵא. בֵּית הָרְעִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל מַשְׁקִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל אֶת הָרְעִי, טָמֵא. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְקַיְּמִין אוֹתוֹ: ",
+ "הַסַּלִּין שֶׁל פַּת, שִׁעוּרָן בְּכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל פָּת. אֱפִיפְיָרוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהֶן קָנִים מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָה לְחִזּוּק, טְהוֹרָה. עָשָׂה לָהּ גַּפַּיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהִנָּטֵל בַּגַּפַּיִם, טְהוֹרָה: ",
+ "הָרִמּוֹנִים שֶׁאָמְרוּ, שְׁלֹשָׁה, אֲחוּזִין זֶה בָזֶה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּנָפָה וּבִכְבָרָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּטֹּל וִיהַלֵּךְ, וּבְקֻפָּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁאֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, כְּגוֹן הָרֹבַע, וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, הַקְּנוֹנִים הַקְּטַנִּים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּרֻבָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. נִפְרְצוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. נִגְמְמוּ, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן: ",
+ "הָרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא קָטָן וְלֹא גָדוֹל אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. וּלְמָה הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן, שֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ הֻזְכְּרוּ, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים, וְיִהְיוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן וַחֲצִירֵי גֶבַע, אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִתְעַשְּׂרִין וַדַּאי בְּכָל מָקוֹם: ",
+ "כַּבֵּיצָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֵבִיא גְדוֹלָה שֶׁבַּגְּדוֹלוֹת וּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּקְּטַנּוֹת, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם, וְחוֹלֵק אֶת הַמָּיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי מִי מוֹדִיעֵנִי אֵיזוֹהִי גְדוֹלָה וְאֵיזוֹהִי קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא הַכֹּל לְפִי דַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל רוֹאֶה: ",
+ "כַּגְּרוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַגְּדוֹלָה שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא הַבֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁבַּמְּדִינוֹת: ",
+ "כַּזַּיִת שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטָן אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי, זֶה אֵגוֹרִי. כַּשְּׂעֹרָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. כָּעֲדָשָׁה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא גְדוֹלָה וְלֹא קְטַנָּה אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִית, זוֹ מִצְרִית. כָּל הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בָּעֳבִי הַמַּרְדֵּעַ, לֹא גָדוֹל וְלֹא קָטָן אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. אֵיזֶה הוּא בֵינוֹנִי, כֹּל שֶׁהֶקֵּפוֹ טֶפַח: ",
+ "הָאַמָּה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, בָּאַמָּה הַבֵּינוֹנִית. וּשְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת הָיָה בְשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה, אַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית וְאַחַת עַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית. שֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית הָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁל משֶׁה חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע. שֶׁעַל קֶרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית הָיְתָה יְתֵרָה עָלֶיהָ חֲצִי אֶצְבַּע, נִמְצֵאת יְתֵרָה עַל שֶׁל משֶׁה אֶצְבָּע. וְלָמָּה אָמְרוּ אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָאֻמָּנִין נוֹטְלִין בַּקְּטַנָּה וּמַחֲזִירִין בַּגְּדוֹלָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹאוּ לִידֵי מְעִילָה: ",
+ "רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הָאַמּוֹת הָיוּ בֵינוֹנִיּוֹת, חוּץ מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב וְהַקֶּרֶן וְהַסּוֹבֵב וְהַיְסוֹד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַמַּת הַבִּנְיָן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, וְשֶׁל כֵּלִים חֲמִשָּׁה: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמִדָּה דַקָּה, מִדּוֹת הַלַּח וְהַיָּבֵשׁ שִׁעוּרָן בָּאִיטַלְקִי, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הַכֹּל לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא אָדָם, הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַחוֹפֵן אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה כִמְלֹא לֻגְמָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְכִמְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת לָעֵרוּב, מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל אֲבָל לֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא לְחֹל. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסָלַע: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְמִדָּה גַסָּה, מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, כִּמְלֹא תַרְוָד גָּדוֹל שֶׁל רוֹפְאִים. וּגְרִיס נְגָעִים, כַּגְּרִיס הַקִּלְקִי. הָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כַּכּוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה, כָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַּרְעִינָתָהּ. וְנוֹדוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, שִׁעוּרָן כְּפִיקָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁלָּהֶן. וּמָאוֹר שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף גָּדוֹל, זֶה הוּא אֶגְרוֹפוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן בָּטִיחַ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, יֶשְׁנוֹ כְרֹאשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל אָדָם. וְשֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל לִשְׁכָּה, שֶׁהוּא כְפֻנְדְּיוֹן הָאִיטַלְקִי, וּכְסֶלַע הַנֵּירוֹנִית, וְכִמְלֹא נֶקֶב שֶׁבָּעֹל: ",
+ "כֹּל שֶׁבַּיָּם טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִכֶּלֶב הַמַּיִם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹרֵחַ לַיַּבָּשָׁה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הַגָּדֵל בַּיָּם וְחִבֵּר לָהֶם מִן הַגָּדֵל בָּאָרֶץ, אֲפִלּוּ חוּט, אֲפִלּוּ מְשִׁיחָה, דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, טָמֵא: ",
+ "וְיֵשׁ בְּמֶה שֶּׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן טֻמְאָה, בַּשֵּׁנִי אֵין בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי יֶשׁ בּוֹ טֻמְאָה, בָּרְבִיעִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי אֵין בָּהֶם טֻמְאָה, חוּץ מִכְּנַף הָעוֹז וּבֵיצַת נַעֲמִית הַמְצֻפָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, מַה נִּשְׁתַּנָּה כְנַף הָעוֹז מִכָּל הַכְּנָפָיִם. וְכֹל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בַיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי, טָמֵא: ",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה כְלִי קִבּוּל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא. הָעוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא. הָעוֹשֶׂה כִיס מֵעוֹר הַמַּצָּה, מִן הַנְּיָר, טָמֵא. הָרִמּוֹן, הָאַלּוֹן, וְהָאֱגוֹז, שֶׁחֲקָקוּם הַתִּינוֹקוֹת לָמֹד בָּהֶם אֶת הֶעָפָר אוֹ שֶׁהִתְקִינוּם לְכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, טָמֵא, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶם מַעֲשֶׂה וְאֵין לָהֶם מַחֲשָׁבָה: ",
+ "קְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם וְהַמָּחוֹק שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַתָּכוֹת, וְהָאֵסֶל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מָעוֹת, וְקָנֶה שֶׁל עָנִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מַיִם, וּמַקֵּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל מְזוּזָה וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. וְעַל כֻּלָּן אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, אוֹי לִי אִם אֹמַר, אוֹי לִי אִם לֹא אֹמַר: ",
+ "תַּחְתִּית הַצּוֹרְפִים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. מַשְׁחֶזֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. פִּנְקָס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מַחֲצֶלֶת הַקַּשׁ וּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקַּשׁ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל פַּקּוּעוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. מַחֲצֶלֶת קָנִים וְשֶׁל חֵלֶף, טְהוֹרָה. שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקָּנֶה שֶׁחֲתָכָהּ לְקַבָּלָה, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכָּכָי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשִּׁדָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נִמְדֶּדֶת מִבִּפְנִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נִמְדֶּדֶת מִבַּחוּץ. מוֹדִים אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין עֳבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וָעֳבִי לִזְבְּזִין נִמְדָּד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מוֹדִים שֶׁעֳבִי הָרַגְלַיִם וָעֳבִי לִזְבְּזִין נִמְדָּד, וּבֵינֵיהֶם אֵינוֹ נִמְדָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ הָרַגְלַיִם גְּבוֹהוֹת טֶפַח, אֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם נִמְדָּד. וְאִם לָאו, בֵּינֵיהֶן נִמְדָּד: \n",
+ "מוּכְנִי שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִשְׁמֶטֶת, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְאֵינָהּ נִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וְאֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְאֵין גּוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. וְאִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׁמֶטֶת, חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְנִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וּמַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְגוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. הַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ, חִבּוּר לָהּ וְנִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ וְאֵינוֹ נִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. כֵּיצַד מוֹדְדִין אוֹתוֹ, רֹאשׁ תּוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "הַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַמִּגְדָּל שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלֵיהֶן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְהוֹרִין. וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כְּדַרְכָּן, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא. וְנַקְלִיטֵי הַמִּטָּה וַחֲמוֹר וְחִפּוּי, טְהוֹרִין. אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִטָּה וּמַלְבֵּן. וּמַלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "מַלְבֵּן שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנוֹת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמְּאִין, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַה שָּׁנָה זֶה מִמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, שֶׁמַּלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי טְהוֹרִין: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, נִטְּלָה קְצָרָה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְמֵאָה. אֲרֻכָּה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַמֵּא. גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת לוֹכְסָן, גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם (טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח) לוֹכְסָן, אוֹ שֶׁמִּעֲטָהּ פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, נִשְׁבְּרָה אֲרֻכָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. נִשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע מִדְרָס. לֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה שְׁנִיָּה, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "כֶּרַע שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְהַמִּטָּה מַגַּע מִדְרָס. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמִּטָּה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב וְחִבְּרָהּ לַמִּטָּה, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְהַמִּטָּה טְהוֹרָה. וְכֵן הַשֵּׁן שֶׁל מַעְדֵּר: \n",
+ "תְּפִלָּה, אַרְבָּעָה כֵלִים. הִתִּיר קְצִיצָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת, וְכֵן שְׁנִיָּה, וְכֵן שְׁלִישִׁית. הִתִּיר אֶת הָרְבִיעִית, טְהוֹרָה מִטְּמֵא מֵת, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. חָזַר לָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְהִתִּירָהּ וְתִקְּנָהּ, טְמֵאָה בְמַגָּע, וְכֵן שְׁנִיָּה. הִתִּיר אֶת הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁהָרְבִיעִית בְּמַגָּע, וְאֵין מַגָּע עוֹשֶׂה מַגָּע: \n",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁנִּגְנַב חֶצְיָהּ, אוֹ אָבַד חֶצְיָהּ, אוֹ חֲלָקוּהָ אַחִין, אוֹ שֻׁתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה. הֶחֱזִירוּהָ, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. מִטָּה מִטַּמְּאָה חֲבִילָה, וּמִטַּהֶרֶת חֲבִילָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִטַּמְּאָה אֵבָרִים, וּמִטַּהֶרֶת אֵבָרִים: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמְפָרֵק אֶת הַמִּטָּה לְהַטְבִּילָהּ, וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֲבָלִין, טָהוֹר. הַחֶבֶל מֵאֵימָתַי הוּא חִבּוּר לַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים. וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. נִימֵי הַקֶּשֶׁר, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכּוֹ, טָמֵא. וְכַמָּה הוּא צָרְכּוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת: ",
+ "הַחֶבֶל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, עַד חֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. מֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְעַד עֲשָׂרָה, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר, שֶׁבּוֹ קוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַפְּסָחִים, וּמְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת: ",
+ "מִזְרָן הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, כָּל שֶׁהוּא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַד עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. שְׁיָרֵי מִזְרָן, שִׁבְעָה טְפָחִים, כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ חֶבֶק לַחֲמוֹר: ",
+ "נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. נִשָּׂא עַל הַמִּזְרָן, מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר: ",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְהַמִּזְרָן מַגַּע מִדְרָס. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. הָיְתָה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְכָרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, כֻּלָּהּ טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשָׁה, הִיא טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב, וְהַמִּזְרָן טָהוֹר: ",
+ "מִטָּה שֶׁכָּרַךְ לָהּ מִזְרָן, וְנָגַע בָּהֶן הַמֵּת, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. פֵּרְשׁוּ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. נָגַע בָּהֶן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. פֵּרְשׁוּ, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. מִטָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁתֵּי אֲרֻכּוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ וְעָשָׂה לָהּ חֲדָשׁוֹת, וְלֹא שִׁנָּה אֶת הַנְּקָבִים, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ חֲדָשׁוֹת, טְמֵאָה. וִישָׁנוֹת, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַיְשָׁנוֹת: ",
+ "תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִלְמַעְלָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְמַעְלָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְּמַטָּה, טְהוֹרָה. מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ, טְמֵאוֹת, וְאֵינָם חִבּוּר לָהּ: ",
+ "הַתּוּרְמֵל שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה כִּיס שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לוֹ. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁבֵּיצִים שֶׁלָּהּ מְקַבְּלוֹת עִמָּהּ, וְנִפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרוֹת, שֶׁאֵינָם מְקַבְּלוֹת כְּדַרְכָּן: ",
+ "תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִצִּדָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָהּ גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז טֶפַח. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְמַעְלָן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. נִפְחֲתָה מִלְּמַטָּן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, בָּטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: ",
+ "מִשְׁפֶּלֶת שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, בָּטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס. הַקְּלוּסְטָר, אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, הַתּוּרְמֵל חֲמֵשֶׁת קַבִּין, הַכְּרֵיתִית סְאָה. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁל שִׁבְעַת קַבִּין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרִבְצָל וְהַמִּזְוָדָה כָּל שֶׁהֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְכֻלָּם שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: ",
+ "חֵמֶת חֲלִילִין, טְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס. עֲרֵבַת פִּיסוֹנוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת. עֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. הִנִּיחָהּ בַּגְּשָׁמִים וְנִתְפְּחָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. בַּקָּדִים וְנִסְדְּקָה, מְקַבֶּלֶת מִדְרָס. זֶה חֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי עֵץ מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן. וְחֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי נְצָרִים מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַסֵּמוּ. נִתְחַסְּמוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ שִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאִין: ",
+ "מַקֵּל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּית יָד לְקֻרְדֹּם, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. הַדְּיוּסְטָר, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. קְבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה לוֹ דְיוּסְטָר, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא צָרְכּוֹ. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לוֹ. עָשָׂה בוֹ כִסֵּא, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹמוֹ. קְבָעוֹ בְקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשָׁהּ כִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאוֹמְרִין לוֹ, עֲמֹד וְנַעֲשֶׂה אֶת מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ: ",
+ "עֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה מִלְּקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים, וְהִתְקִינָהּ לִישִׁיבָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיְּקַצֵּעַ. עֲשָׂאָהּ אֵבוּס לַבְּהֵמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בַּכֹּתֶל, טְמֵאָה: ",
+ "כֹּפֶת שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בְנִדְבָּךְ, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא בָנָה עָלָיו, בָּנָה עָלָיו וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וּבָנָה עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. מַפָּץ שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַקּוֹרוֹת, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וְנָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, טָהוֹר. קְעָרָה שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בְּשִׁדָּה תֵּבָה וּמִגְדָּל, כְּדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁלֹּא כְדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְהוֹרָה: ",
+ "סָדִין שֶׁהוּא טְמֵא מִדְרָס וַעֲשָׂאוֹ וִילוֹן, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתָּבֵר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּבֵעַ: ",
+ "מַחֲצֶלֶת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָהּ קָנִים לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה כְמִין כִי. עֲשָׂאָם לְרָחְבָּהּ וְאֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. נֶחְלְקָה לְרָחְבָּהּ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. וְכֵן הַמַּתִּיר רָאשֵׁי הַמַּעֲדַנִּין, טְהוֹרָה. נֶחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ וְנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מַעֲדַנִּים שֶׁל שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה. מַחֲצֶלֶת, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁתִּקָּנֵב, וְהִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּהּ: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּכֹּבֶד הָעֶלְיוֹן, בַּכֹּבֶד הַתַּחְתּוֹן, בַּנִּירִים, וּבַקֵּירוֹס, וּבְחוּט שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי אַרְגָּמָן, וּבְעִירָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָתִיד לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, טָהוֹר. בְּנֶפֶשׁ הַמַּסֶּכֶת, וּבַשְּׁתִי הָעוֹמֵד, וּבְכָפוּל שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הָאַרְגָּמָן, וּבְעִירָה שֶׁהִיא עֲתִידָה לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, טָמֵא. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּצֶּמֶר שֶׁעַל הָאִימָּה, בָּאַשְׁוָיָה, טָהוֹר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּפִּיקָה, עַד שֶׁלֹּא פֵרְעָהּ, טָמֵא. מִשֶּׁפֵּרְעָהּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּעֹל, וּבַקַּטְרָב, בָּעַיִן, וּבָעֲבוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָהוֹר. בַּחֶרֶב, וּבַבֹּרֶךְ, וּבַיָּצוּל, טָמֵא. בָּעַיִן שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, בַּלְּחָיַיִן, וּבָעֲרָיִין, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר בַּלְּחָיַיִם, שֶׁאֵינָם עֲשׂוּיִן אֶלָּא לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הֶעָפָר: \n",
+ "הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּיַד מְגֵרָה, מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, טָמֵא. בַּחוּט, וּבַמְּשִׁיחָה, בָּאַמָּה, וּבַסְּנִיפִין, בַּמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, וּבַקַּשְׁטָנִית, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּמַּלְבֵּן שֶׁל מַסָּר הַגָּדוֹל, טָהוֹר. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּיֶּתֶר וּבַקֶּשֶׁת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מְתוּחָה, טָהוֹר. מְצֻדַּת הָאֵישׁוּת, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא מְתוּחָה, חִבּוּר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, אוֹ שֶׁחִפָּן בְּשַׁיִשׁ וְשִׁיֵּר בָּהֶם מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת הַכּוֹסוֹת, טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת חֲתִיכוֹת: \n",
+ "הַשֻּׁלְחָן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלָיו, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה שְׁנִיָּה, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, טָמֵא כְּשֶׁיַּחְשֹׁב עָלָיו. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֵין צָרִיךְ מַחֲשָׁבָה. וְכֵן הַדְּלֻפְקִי: \n",
+ "סַפְסָל שֶׁנִּטַּל אַחַד מֵרָאשָׁיו, טָהוֹר. נִטַּל הַשֵּׁנִי, טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ גֹבַהּ טֶפַח, טָמֵא. שְׁרַפְרַף שֶׁנִּטַּל אַחַד מֵרָאשָׁיו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן הַכִּסֵּא שֶׁלִּפְנֵי קַתֶּדְרָא: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא, טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ חִפּוּיָו יוֹצְאִין, וְנִטְּלוּ, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ לִהְיוֹת מַטֵּהוּ עַל צִדּוֹ וְיוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטַּל חִפּוּיוֹ הָאֶמְצָעִי וְהַחִיצוֹנִים קַיָּמִים, טָמֵא. נִטְּלוּ הַחִיצוֹנִים וְהָאֶמְצָעִי קַיָּם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה רָחָב טָפַח: \n",
+ "כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָו זֶה בְצַד זֶה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אַף כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ בֵית קַבָּלָה, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה: \n",
+ "שִׁדָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הַתַּחְתּוֹן. נִטַּל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹן. נִטַּל הָעֶלְיוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא מִפְּנֵי הַדַּפִּין, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. יְשִׁיבַת הַסַּתָּת, טָמֵא מִדְרָס: \n",
+ "כֹּפֶת שֶׁסֵּרְקוֹ, וְכִרְכְּמוֹ, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ פָנִים, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, עַד שֶׁיָּחֹק בּוֹ. הַסַּל וְהַכַּלְכָּלָה שֶׁמִּלְאָן תֶּבֶן אוֹ מוֹכִין, הִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, טְהוֹרִין. סֵרְגָן בְּגֶמִי אוֹ בִמְשִׁיחָה, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "הָאַסְלָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. פֵּרְשָׁה, הָעוֹר טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְהַבַּרְזֶל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. הַטְּרַסְקָל שֶׁחִפּוּיוֹ שֶׁל עוֹר, טָמֵא מִדְרָס וּטְמֵא מֵת. פֵּרְשָׁה, הָעוֹר טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְהַטְּרַסְקָל טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם. סַפְסָלִין שֶׁבַּמֶּרְחָץ וּשְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו שֶׁל עֵץ, טָמֵא. אַחַת שֶׁל עֵץ וְאַחַת שֶׁל אֶבֶן, טָהוֹר. הַנְּסָרִין שֶׁבַּמֶּרְחָץ שֶׁשִּׁגְּמָן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, שֶׁאֵינָם עֲשׂוּיִן אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַמַּיִם מְהַלְּכִין תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. קַנְקֵילִין שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קַבָּלַת כְּסוּת, טְמֵאָה. וְהָעֲשׂוּיָה כְּכַוֶּרֶת, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַכַּדּוּר וְהָאִמּוּם וְהַקָּמֵעַ וְהַתְּפִלִּין שֶׁנִּקְרְעוּ, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, טָמֵא. וּבְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן, טָהוֹר. הָאֻכָּף שֶׁנִּקְרַע, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתֶּפֶר מְחַבְּרוֹ: ",
+ "אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם מֶרְכָּב, זָרֵיז הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִי, וּמְדוֹכָה הַמָּדִית, וְעָבִיט שֶׁל גָּמָל, וְטַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף טַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹמְדִין עָלָיו בַּקֻּמְפּוֹן. אֲבָל אֻכָּף שֶׁל נָאקָה, טָמֵא: ",
+ "מַה בֵּין מֶרְכָּב לְמוֹשָׁב. מֶרְכָּב חָלַק מַגָּעוֹ מִמַּשָּׂאוֹ, וּמוֹשָׁב לֹא חָלַק מַגָּעוֹ מִמַּשָּׂאוֹ. תָּפִית שֶׁל חֲמוֹר שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ, טָהוֹר. שִׁנָּה בָהּ אֶת הַנְּקָבִין, אוֹ שֶׁפֵּרְצָן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טְמֵאָה: ",
+ "הַמִּטָּה וְהַכַּר וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁל מֵת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה, וּמַשְׁבֵּר שֶׁל חַיָּה, וְכִסֵּא שֶׁל כּוֹבֵס שֶׁהוּא כוֹרֵם עָלָיו אֶת הַכֵּלִים, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב: ",
+ "הַחֵרֶם, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי הַזּוּטוֹ. הָרְשָׁתוֹת, וְהַמִּכְמָרוֹת, וְהַמַּדָּף, וְהַפְּלָצוּר, וּמְצֻדּוֹת הַסְּכָרִין, טְמֵאִין. וְהַאָקוֹן, וְהָרְטוֹב, וְהַכְּלוּב, טְהוֹרִין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה תְרִיסִין הֵם. תְּרִיס הַכָּפוּף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁמְּשַׂחֲקִין בּוֹ בַּקֻּנְפּוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְדִיצַת הָעַרְבִיִּין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עֲגָלוֹת הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה כְקַתֶּדְרָא, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. כְּמִטָּה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל אֲבָנִים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עֲרֵבוֹת הֵן. עֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שְׁלֵמָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ תֵּבוֹת הֵן. תֵּבָה שֶׁפִּתְחָהּ מִצִּדָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. מִלְמַעְלָן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַבָּאָה בַמִּדָּה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה תַרְבּוּסִין הֵן. שֶׁל סַפָּרִין, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁאוֹכְלִין עָלָיו, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל זֵיתִים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ בְּסָסִיּוֹת הֵן. שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה וְשֶׁלִּפְנֵי סוֹפְרִים, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁל דְּלֻפְקִי, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל מִגְדָּל, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ פִּנְקָסִיּוֹת הֵן. הָאֱפִיפוֹרִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וַחֲלָקָה, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מִטּוֹת הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִשְׁכִיבָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל זַגָּגִין, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל סָרָגִין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מַשְׁפֵּלוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל זֶבֶל, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל תֶּבֶן, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְהַפֻּחְלָץ שֶׁל גְּמַלִּים, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה מַפָּצִים הֵן. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִישִׁיבָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁל צַבָּעִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל גִּתּוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ חֲמָתוֹת וְשָׁלֹשׁ תּוּרְמְלִין הֵן. הַמְקַבְּלִים כַּשִּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כַּשִּׁעוּר, טְמֵאִים טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל עוֹר הַדָּג, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עוֹרוֹת הֵן. הֶעָשׂוּי לְשָׁטִיחַ, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. לְתַכְרִיךְ הַכֵּלִים, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל רְצוּעוֹת וְשֶׁל סַנְדָּלִים, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִין הֵן. הֶעָשׂוּי לִשְׁכִיבָה, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. לְוִילוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל צוּרוֹת, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ מִטְפָּחוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל יָדַיִם, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁל סְפָרִין, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת, וְשֶׁל תַּכְרִיךְ וְשֶׁל נִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִילִינִין הֵן. שֶׁל צָדֵי חַיָּה וָעוֹף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. שֶׁל חֲגָבִין, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל קַיָּצִין, טָהוֹר מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ סְבָכוֹת הֵן. שֶׁל יַלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת מִדְרָס. שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. וְשֶׁל יוֹצֵאת לַחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם: ",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ קֻפּוֹת הֵן. מְהוּהָה שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַבְּרִיָּה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַבְּרִיָּה. קְטַנָּה עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַגְּדוֹלָה. הָיוּ שָׁווֹת, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַפְּנִימִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כַּף מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל שׁוּלֵי הַמֵּחַם, מִבִּפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר. טְלָיָהּ עַל צִדָּהּ, בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טָהוֹר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, כְּגוֹן הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי, יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרָיִם. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז: \n",
+ "הַמַּרְדֵּעַ יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, מִשִּׁבְעָה לַחַרְחוּר, מֵאַרְבָּעָה לַדָּרְבָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁבְעָה אֶלָּא לַשְּׁיָרִים: \n",
+ "מִדּוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, וְזוֹמָא לִסְטְרָא, וּמְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל, וּמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֶשׁ לָהֶם. נִטְמְאוּ מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן טָהוֹר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל: \n",
+ "הָרֹבַע וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, לֹא נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע. אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הוֹאִיל וַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמָא תוֹכוֹ לֹא נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁל כַּת קוֹדְמִין הִיא, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא הָרֹבַע אֲחוֹרַיִם לַחֲצִי הָרֹבַע, כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו, לֹא נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ: \n",
+ "נִטְמָא הָרֹבַע, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא חֲצִי הָרֹבַע, חֲצִי הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִין, הָרֹבַע וַאֲחוֹרָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרֵי הָרֹבַע, אֲחוֹרֵי חֲצִי הָרֹבַע טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חוֹלְקִין אֶת הַגַּבָּיִין. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַטְבִּיל, מַטְבִּיל אֶת כֻּלּוֹ: \n",
+ "כַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וְאֹגְנֵיהֶם, וְאָזְנֵיהֶם, וִידוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַמְקַבְּלִים, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, מְנַגְּבָן וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים (שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים), שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו בְּמַשְׁקִין, אֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, תּוֹכוֹ וְאֹגְנוֹ וְאָזְנוֹ וְיָדָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא: \n",
+ "כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְיֶשׁ לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לַעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁל עֵץ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכוֹסוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לְיָדַיִם הַטְּמֵאוֹת וְהַטְּהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא לְיָדַיִם הַטְּהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "כֵּיצַד. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וַאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס טְמֵאִים, אֲחָזוֹ בְּבֵית צְבִיעָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס. הָיָה שׁוֹתֶה בְכוֹס שֶׁאֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִטְמָא הַמַּשְׁקֶה שֶׁבְּפִיו בַּאֲחוֹרֵי הַכּוֹס וְחָזַר וְטִמֵּא הַכּוֹס. קֻמְקוּם שֶׁהוּא מַרְתִּיחַ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא יָצְאוּ מַשְׁקִין מִתּוֹכוֹ וְנָגְעוּ בַאֲחוֹרָיו וְחָזְרוּ לְתוֹכוֹ: \n",
+ "כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְאֵין לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִים כֵּלִים בְתוֹךְ כֵּלִים לְקֹדֶשׁ. כָּל הַכֵּלִים יוֹרְדִין לִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, וְאֵינָן עוֹלִים מִידֵי טֻמְאָתָן אֶלָּא בְשִׁנּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה, שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֶׂה מְבַטֵּל מִיַּד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וּמִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה, וּמַחֲשָׁבָה אֵינָהּ מְבַטֶּלֶת לֹא מִיַּד מַעֲשֶׂה וְלֹא מִיַּד מַחֲשָׁבָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "סַנְדָּל עִמְקִי, וְכִיס שֶׁל שְׁנָצוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּפִיפָה מִצְרִית, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף סַנְדָּל לָדִיקִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בְאֻמָּן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וַהֲלֹא כָל הַכֵּלִים מִטַּמְּאִין וּמִטַּהֲרִין שֶׁלֹּא בְאֻמָּן. אֲבָל אֵלּוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מֻתָּרִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁהַהֶדְיוֹט יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירָם. לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא בִכְפִיפָה מִצְרִית, שֶׁאַף הָאֻמָּן אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירָהּ: \n",
+ "כִּיס שֶׁל שְׁנָצוֹת שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנָצָיו, טָמֵא. נִפְשַׁט, טָהוֹר. טָלָה עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּטְלֵת מִלְּמַטָּן, טָמֵא. כִּיס לְתוֹךְ כִּיס, שֶׁנִּטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶן בְּמַשְׁקֶה, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ. צְרוֹר הַמַּרְגָּלִית, טָמֵא. צְרוֹר הַמָּעוֹת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים: \n",
+ "כַּף לוֹקְטֵי קוֹצִים, טְהוֹרָה. הַזּוֹן וְהַבִּרְכְּיָר, טְמֵאִין. וְהַשַּׁרְווּלִים, טְמֵאִין. וְהַפְּרַקְלִימִין, טְהוֹרִין. וְכָל בֵּית אֶצְבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל קַיָּצִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת הָאוֹג. נִקְרְעָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הָאוֹג, טְהוֹרָה: \n",
+ "סַנְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה אַחַת מֵאָזְנָיו וְתִקְּנָהּ, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. נִפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה וְתִקְּנָהּ, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. לֹא הִסְפִּיק לְתַקֵּן אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה שְׁנִיָּה, טְהוֹרָה. נִפְסַק עֲקֵבוֹ, נִטַּל חוֹטְמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר. סוֹלְיָם שֶׁנִּפְסַק מִכָּל מָקוֹם, טָהוֹר. מִנְעָל שֶׁנִּפְחַת, אִם אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל אֶת רֹב הָרֶגֶל, טָהוֹר. מִנְעָל שֶׁעַל הָאֵמוּם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. כָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל עַרְבִיִּין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, צְרוֹר שָׁעָה, טְהוֹרוֹת. צְרוֹר עוֹלָם, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל חֲמָתוֹת צְרוּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ עוֹרוֹת טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס, עוֹר שֶׁחִשַּׁב עָלָיו לְשָׁטִיחַ, עוֹר סְקֹרְטְיָא, עוֹר קָטָבֹלְיָא, עוֹר הַחַמָּר, עוֹר הַכַּתָּן, עוֹר הַכַּתָּף, עוֹר הָרוֹפֵא, עוֹר הָעֲרִיסָה, עוֹר הַלֵּב שֶׁל קָטָן, עוֹר הַכַּר, עוֹר הַכֶּסֶת, מִדְרָס. עוֹר הַסָּרוֹק, עוֹר הַסּוֹרֵק, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִדְרָס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת: \n",
+ "עַב כְּסוּת, וְתַכְרִיךְ כְּסוּת, מִדְרָס. עַב אַרְגָּמָן, וְתַכְרִיךְ אַרְגָּמָן, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת. עוֹר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חִפּוּי לִכְלִי, טָהוֹר. לְמִשְׁקָלוֹת, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר מִשּׁוּם אָבִיו: \n",
+ "כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ חֶסְרוֹן מְלָאכָה, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן, אֶלָּא הָעֻצְבָּה: \n",
+ "עוֹרוֹת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל עַבְּדָן, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּנָּב, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּזְלָן, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים, שֶׁל גַּזְלָן, מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן. וְשֶׁל גַּנָּב, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה מְטַמֵּאתָן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים: \n",
+ "עוֹר שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וְחִשַּׁב עָלָיו לִרְצוּעוֹת וּלְסַנְדָּלִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּתַן בּוֹ אֶת הָאִזְמֵל, טָהוֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיְּמַעֲטֶנּוּ פָחוֹת מֵחֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹשֶׂה מִטְפַּחַת מִן הָעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. וּמִן הַכֶּסֶת, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם חֲמִשָּׁה שֵׁמוֹת. הַשַּׂק, מִשּׁוּם אַרְבָּעָה. הָעוֹר, מִשּׁוּם שְׁלֹשָׁה. הָעֵץ, מִשּׁוּם שְׁנַיִם. וּכְלִי חֶרֶס, מִשּׁוּם אֶחָד. כְּלִי חֶרֶס מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל. כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם. מוּסָף עָלָיו הָעֵץ, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, בִּכְלֵי עֵץ, טְמֵאָה, וּבִכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טְהוֹרָה. מוּסָף עָלָיו הָעוֹר, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אֹהָלִים. מוּסָף עָלָיו הַשַּׂק, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם אָרִיג. מוּסָף עָלָיו הַבֶּגֶד, שֶׁהוּא מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ: \n",
+ "הַבֶּגֶד מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, לְמִדְרָס, וּמִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ לִטְמֵא מֵת. הַשַּׂק אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה, הָעוֹר חֲמִשָּׁה עַל חֲמִשָּׁה, מַפָּץ שִׁשָּׁה עַל שִׁשָּׁה, שָׁוִין לְמִדְרָס וְלִטְמֵא מֵת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַשַּׂק שְׁיָרָיו אַרְבָּעָה, וּתְחִלָּתוֹ מִשֶּׁיִּגָּמֵר: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁנַיִם מִן הַבֶּגֶד וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַמַּפָּץ, טָהוֹר. חֲמִשָּׁה מִן הַמַּפָּץ וְאֶחָד מִן הָעוֹר, אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָעוֹר וְאֶחָד מִן הַשַּׂק, שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַשַּׂק וְאֶחָד מִן הַבֶּגֶד, טָמֵא. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁחִבֵּר לוֹ מִן הֶחָמוּר מִמֶּנּוּ, טָמֵא. מִן הַקַּל מִמֶּנּוּ, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַמְקַצֵּעַ מִכֻּלָּם טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִשּׁוּלֵי הַקֻּפָּה טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִצְּדָדֵי הַקֻּפָּה, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַמְקַצֵּעַ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח בְּכָל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "בְּלוֹיֵי נָפָה וּכְבָרָה שֶׁהִתְקִינָן לִישִׁיבָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין עַד שֶׁיְּקַצֵּעַ. כִּסֵּא שֶׁל קָטָן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ רַגְלַיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ גָבֹהַּ טֶפַח, טָמֵא. חָלוּק שֶׁל קָטָן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בוֹ כַשִּׁעוּר, וְנִמְדָּד כָּפוּל: \n",
+ "אֵלּוּ נִמְדָּדִין כְּפוּלִין. אַמְפַּלְיָא, וּפְמוֹלִינְיָא, וּמִכְנָסַיִם, וְכוֹבַע, וְכִיס שֶׁל פֻּנְדִּיָּא. וּמַטְלִית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַשָּׂפָה, אִם פְּשׁוּטָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת פְּשׁוּטָה, וְאִם כְּפוּלָה, נִמְדֶּדֶת כְּפוּלָה: \n",
+ "הַבֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, וְנִטְמָא מִדְרָס, וְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס: \n",
+ "וְכֵן בֶּגֶד שֶׁאָרַג בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ, וְנִטְמָא טְמֵא מֵת, וְהִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר מִטְּמֵא מֵת, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת. נָטַל חוּט אֶחָד מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִים עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הַבֶּגֶד, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט, טָהוֹר. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁטָּהוֹר מִמִּדְרָס, טָמֵא בְכָל הַטֻּמְאוֹת: \n",
+ "סָדִין שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ וִילוֹן, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי בְאֵיזֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, טָמֵא בְמַגַּע הַזָּב: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא מַגַּע מִדְרָס. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי בְאֵיזֶה מִדְרָס נָגַע זֶה. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָגַע בּוֹ הַזָּב, טָמֵא מַגַּע הַזָּב: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה, בָּאַשְׁפּוֹת, בָּרִיא וְצוֹרֵר מֶלַח. בַּבַּיִת, אוֹ בָרִיא אוֹ צוֹרֵר מֶלַח. כַּמָּה מֶלַח יְהֵא צוֹרֵר, רֹבַע. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּדַקָּה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּגַסָּה. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִים לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שָׁוִים שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה בָאַשְׁפּוֹת לְשָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ בַּבָּיִת: \n",
+ "שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנִּקְרַע, אִם נְתָנוֹ עַל הַכִּסֵּא וּבְשָׂרוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בַּכִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר, וְאִם לָאו, טָמֵא. שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנִּמְהָה מִמֶּנָּה חוּט אֶחָד, אוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בוֹ קֶשֶׁר, אוֹ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין מַתְאִימִין, טְהוֹרָה. שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁהִשְׁלִיכָהּ בָּאַשְׁפּוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה. לְעוֹלָם הַשְׁלָכָתָהּ מְטַהֲרַתָּה, וַחֲזָרָתָהּ מְטַמֵּאתָהּ, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל אַרְגָּמָן וְשֶׁל זְהוֹרִית טוֹבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף מַטְלִית חֲדָשָׁה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרִין, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי הֲשָׁבַת אֲבֵדָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ בְּכַדּוּר, אוֹ שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כַּדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְכַדּוּר, טָמֵא. עֲשָׂאוֹ כַדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתֶּפֶר מְמַעֲטוֹ: \n",
+ "פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָפוֹק בּוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, לְנַעֵר בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, לְקַנֵּחַ בּוֹ אֶת הָרֵחַיִם, בֵּין מוּכָן בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוּכָן, טָמֵא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בֵּין מִן הַמּוּכָן, בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הָעוֹשֶׂה אִסְפְּלָנִית, בֵּין בְּבֶגֶד בֵּין בְּעוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. מְלוּגְמָא, בְּבֶגֶד, טְהוֹרָה, וּבְעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּבֶגֶד, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִנְעָרֶת: \n",
+ "מִטְפְּחוֹת סְפָרִים, בֵּין מְצֻיָּרוֹת בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָן מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, וְשֶׁאֵינָם מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת: \n",
+ "כִּפָּה שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וּנְתָנוֹ עַל הַסֵּפֶר, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ שָׁטִיחַ, וְשָׁטִיחַ שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, טָהוֹר. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ תּוּרְמֵל וְתוּרְמֵל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, כַּר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ סָדִין וְסָדִין שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ כַּר, כֶּסֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ מִטְפַּחַת וּמִטְפַּחַת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כֶּסֶת, טָמֵא. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁשִּׁנָּהוּ לִשְׁמוֹ, טָמֵא. לְשֵׁם אַחֵר, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "מַטְלִית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַקֻּפָּה, מְטַמְּאָה אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַקֻּפָּה, הַקֻּפָּה מְטַמָּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית טְהוֹרָה. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מְטַמָּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַבֶּגֶד, הַבֶּגֶד מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית מְטַמְּאָה שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. וְכֵן הַטּוֹלֶה עַל הַשַּׂק אוֹ עַל הָעוֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. עַל הַשַּׂק, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אָרִיג: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, חוּץ מִן הַמְּלָל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ מְכֻוָּנֶת. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. מִשְּׁתֵּי רוּחוֹת זוֹ כְנֶגֶד זוֹ, חִבּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ כְמִין גַּאם, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּטַלִּית. אֲבָל בְּחָלוּק, מִלְמַעְלָן, חִבּוּר. וּמִלְּמַטָּן, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר: \n",
+ "בִּגְדֵי עֲנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. טַלִּית שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ לְקָרְעָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּקְרַע רֻבָּהּ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. הֶעָבִים וְהָרַכִּים, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ: \n",
+ "כֶּסֶת הַסַּבָּלִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. סְבָכָה שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. חָלוּק שֶׁל יוֹצֵאת הַחוּץ הֶעָשׂוּי כִּסְבָכָה, טָהוֹר. הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם, טָהוֹר. וּמִזּוּטוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם וּכְפָלוֹ, טָמֵא: \n",
+ "סְבָכָה שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִפִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת קוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ. הִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִקּוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת פִּיהָ. שָׁבִיס שֶׁלָּהּ, טָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. הַחוּטִין שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם חִבּוּר. סְבָכָה שֶׁנִּקְרְעָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הַשֵּׂעָר, טְהוֹרָה: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נוֹמֵי הַסָּדִין וְהַסּוּדָרִין וְהַטַּרְטִין וְהַפִּלְיוֹן שֶׁל רֹאשׁ, שֵׁשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. שֶׁל אַפְקַרְסִין, עֶשֶׂר. נִימֵי סָגוֹס, וְהָרְדִיד, וְהֶחָלוּק, וְהַטַּלִּית, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. נִימֵי כִפָּה שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, וְהַגּוּמְדִין שֶׁל עַרְבִיִּין, וְהַקֻּלְקִין, וְהַפֻּנְדָּא, וְהַמַּעֲפֹרֶת, וְהַפַּרְגּוֹד, נִימֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "שָׁלֹשׁ כְּסָתוֹת שֶׁל צֶמֶר, שֵׁשׁ שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן, שְׁלֹשָׁה סְדִינִין, שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה מִטְפָּחוֹת, שְׁנֵי סוּבְרִיקִין, חָלוּק אֶחָד, טַלִּית אֶחָד, קְלֻבְקָרִין אֶחָד, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַהֲזָּיָה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה, וְאֵין חִבּוּר לַהַזָּיָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה: \n",
+ "חוּט הַמִּשְׁקֹלֶת, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. שֶׁל חָרָשִׁין, שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר. שֶׁל בַּנָּיִן, חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, אִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָהוֹר. שֶׁל סַיָּדִין וְשֶׁל צַיָּרִין, כָּל שֶׁהֵן: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל זֶהָבִים וְשֶׁל שׁוֹקְלֵי אַרְגָּמָן טוֹב, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם מֵאַחֲרָיו, שָׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, טֶפַח, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל חֶנְוָנִים, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים טֶפַח. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם מִלְּפָנָיו, טֶפַח. שְׁיָרֵי יַד הַפַּרְגּוֹל, טֶפַח. יַד מַקֶּבֶת שֶׁל יָד שֶׁל מְפַתְּחֵי אֲבָנִים, טָפַח: \n",
+ "חוּט מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל צַמָּרִים, וְשֶׁל שׁוֹקְלֵי זְכוּכִית, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַמַּקּוֹר, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַמַּעֲצָד שֶׁל לִגְיוֹנוֹת, טְפָחַיִם. יַד הַקֻּרְנָס שֶׁל זֶהָבִים, טְפָחַיִם. וְשֶׁל חָרָשִׁין, שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים: \n",
+ "שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּרְבָן מִלְמַעְלָן, אַרְבָּעָה. יַד הַבָּדִיד, אַרְבָּעָה. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם שֶׁל נִכּוּשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה. יַד בֶּן הַפַּטִּישׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה. וְשֶׁל הַפַּטִּישׁ, שִׁשָּׁה. יַד הַקֻּרְדֹּם שֶׁל בִּקּוּעַ וְשֶׁל עָדִיר, שִׁשָּׁה. וְיַד מַקֶּבֶת שֶׁל סַתָּתִין, שִׁשָּׁה: \n",
+ "שְׁיָרֵי חַרְחוּר מִלְּמַטָּן, שִׁבְעָה. יַד מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שִׁבְעָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שְׁמֹנָה. שֶׁל סַיָּדִין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּשְׁעָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, עֲשָׂרָה. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, אִם רָצָה לְקַיֵּם, טָמֵא. וְיַד מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הָאוּר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. הַטַּבְלָא וְהָאִסְקוּטְלָא שֶׁל זְכוּכִית, טְהוֹרִין. אִם יֶשׁ לָהֶן לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאִים. שׁוּלֵי קְעָרָה וְשׁוּלֵי אִסְקוּטְלָא שֶׁל זְכוּכִית שֶׁהִתְקִינָן לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְהוֹרִין. קִרְטְסָן אוֹ שָׁפָן בְּשׁוּפִין, טְמֵאִין: \n",
+ "אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טְהוֹרָה. וְתַמְחוּי שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טָמֵא. וְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה עֲשָׂאוֹ לְשֵׁם אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא, טָהוֹר. תַּרְוָד שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אִם מְקַבֵּל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר: \n",
+ "כּוֹס שֶׁנִּפְגַּם רֻבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִפְגַּם בּוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ בְּרֻבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם מְפַזֵּר הוּא אֶת רֹב הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר. נִקַּב, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּין בְּבַעַץ בֵּין בְּזֶפֶת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּבַעַץ, טָמֵא, וּבְזֶפֶת, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "צְלוֹחִית קְטַנָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְמֵאָה. וּגְדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל פַּלְיָטוֹן שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹרַחַת אֶת הַיָּד. לְגִינִין גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיהֶן, טְמֵאִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְתַקְּנָן לִכְבָשִׁין. וְהָאֲפַרְכֵּס שֶׁל זְכוּכִית, טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אַשְׁרַיִךְ כֵּלִים, שֶׁנִּכְנַסְתְּ בְּטֻמְאָה, וְיָצָאת בְּטָהֳרָה: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה כלים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c72e6be72b0d94c8d1d631007e35b46ec1ef379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Parah",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה פרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "רבי אליעזר אומר עגלה בת שנתה. ופרה בת שתים. וחכמים אומרים עגלה בת שתים. ופרה בת שלש. או בת ארבע. ר' מאיר אומר אף בת חמש. כשרה הזקנה. אלא שאין ממתינין לה. שמא תשחיר שלא תפסל אמר ר' יהושע לא שמעתי אלא שלשית. אמרו לו מה הלשון שלשית. אמר להם. כך שמעתי סתם. אמר בן עזאי אני אפרש. אם אומר אתה שלישית. לאחרות במנין. וכשאתה אומר שלשית בת שלש שנים. כיוצא בו אמרו כרם רבעי. אמרו לו מה הלשון רבעי. אמר להם כך שמעתי סתם. אמר בן עזאי אני אפרש. אם אומר אתה רביעי. לאחרים במנין. וכשאתה אומר רבעי בן ארבע שנים. כיוצא בו אמרו האוכל בבית המנוגע. פרס משלש לקב. אמרו לו אמור משמנה עשרה לסאה. אמר להם כך שמעתי סתם. אמר בן עזאי אני אפרש. אם אומר אתה משלש לקב. אין בו חלה. וכשאתה אומר משמנה עשרה לסאה. מיעטתו חלתו: ",
+ "ר' יוסי הגלילי אומר פרים בני שתים. שנאמר (במדבר ח, ח) ופר שני בן בקר תקח לחטאת. וחכמים אומרים אף בני שלש. ר' מאיר אומר. אף בני ארבע ובני חמש כשרים. אלא שאין מביאים זקנים. מפני הכבוד: ",
+ "כבשים בני שנה ואילים בני שתים. וכולם מיום ליום בן שלשה עשר חדש. אינו כשר לא לאיל ולא לכבש. ר' טרפון קורהו פלגס. בן עזאי קורהו נוקד. ר' ישמעאל קורהו פרכדיגמא. הקריבו מביא עליו נסכי איל ולא עלה לו מזבחו. בן שלשה עשר חדש ויום אחד. הרי זה איל:",
+ "חטאות הצבור ועולותיהן. חטאת היחיד ואשם נזיר ואשם מצורע כשרין מיום שלשים והלאה. ואף ביום שלשים. ואם הקריבום ביום שמיני כשרים. נדרים ונדבות. הבכור והמעשר והפסח כשרים מיום השמיני והלאה, ואף ביום השמיני:"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רבי אליעזר אומר פרת חטאת המעוברת כשרה וחכמים פוסלין. ר' אליעזר אומר אינה נלקחת מן העכו\"ם. וחכמים מכשירים. ולא זו בלבד אלא כל קרבנות הצבור והיחיד. באין מהארץ ומחוצה לארץ. מן החדש ומן הישן. חוץ מן העומר ושתי הלחם שאינן באין אלא מן החדש ומן הארץ: ",
+ "פרה שקרניה וטלפיה שחורים. יגוד. גלגל העין והשינים והלשון אינם פוסלים בפרה והננסת כשרה. היתה בה יבלת וחתכה רבי יהודה פוסל. ר' שמעון אומר כל מקום שניטל ולא העלה מקומו שער אדום פסולה: ",
+ "יוצא דופן ואתנן ומחיר פסולה. רבי אליעזר מכשיר. שנאמר (דברים כג, יט) לא תביא אתנן זונה ומחיר כלב בית ה' אלהיך. ואין זו באה לבית. כל המומים הפוסלים במוקדשים פוסלים בפרה. רכב עליה נשען עליה נתלה בזנבה עבר בה את הנהר קיפל עליה את המוסרה. נתן טליתו עליה פסולה. אבל קשרה במוסרה. עשה לה סנדל בשביל שלא תחליק. פרס טליתו עליה מפני הזבובים כשרה. זה הכלל כל שהוא לצורכה כשרה. לצורך אחר פסולה: ",
+ "שכן עליה עוף כשרה. עלה עליה זכר פסולה. רבי יהודה אומר אם העלהו פסולה. ואם מעצמו כשרה: ",
+ "היו בה שתי שערות שחורות. או לבנות. בתוך גומא אחת. פסולה. רבי יהודה אומר אפילו בתוך כוס אחד. היו בתוך שני כוסות. והן מוכיחות זו את זו פסולה. ר' עקיבא אומר. אפילו ארבע אפילו חמש. והן מפוזרות. יתלוש. רבי אליעזר אומר אפילו חמשים. רבי יהושע בן בתירא אומר. אפילו אחת בראשה ואחת בזנבה. פסולה. היו בה שתי שערות. עיקרן משחיר. וראשן מאדים. עיקרן מאדים, וראשן משחיר. הכל הולך אחר הנראה. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים. אחר העיקר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שבעת ימים קודם לשרפת הפרה. מפרישין כהן השורף את הפרה. מביתו ללשכה שעל פני הבירה צפונה מזרחה. ובית אבן היתה נקראת. ומזין עליו כל שבעת הימים מכל חטאות שהיו שם. ר' יוסי אומר לא היו מזין עליו אלא בשלישי ובשביעי בלבד. ר' חנינא סגן הכהנים אומר על הכהן השורף את הפרה מזין כל שבעת הימים ועל של יום הכפורים לא היו מזין עליו אלא בשלישי ובשביעי בלבד: ",
+ "חצרות היו בירושלים בנויות על גבי סלע ותחתיהם חלול מפני קבר התהום ומביאים נשים עוברות ויולדות שם ומגדלות שם את בניהן ומביאים שוורים ועל גביהן דלתות ותנוקות יושבין על גביהן וכוסות של אבן בידם. הגיעו לשלוח. ירדו ומלאום ועלו וישבו על גביהן. ר' יוסי אומר ממקומו היה משלשל וממלא: ",
+ "באו להר הבית וירדו. הר הבית והעזרות תחתיהם חלול מפני קבר התהום. ובפתח העזרה היה מתוקן קלל של חטאת. ומביאין זכר של רחלים. וקושרים חבל בין קרניו. וקושרים מקל ומסבך בראשו של חבל וזורקו לתוך הקלל ומכה את הזכר ונרתע לאחוריו. ונוטל ומקדש כדי שיראה על פני המים. רבי יוסי אומר אל תתנו מקום לצדוקים לרדות אלא הוא נוטל ומקדש: ",
+ "לא היו עושין לא חטאת על גבי חטאת ולא תינוק על גבי חברו וצריכין היו התנוקות להזות דברי רבי יוסי הגלילי. רבי עקיבא אומר לא היו צריכין להזות: ",
+ "לא מצאו משבע עושין משש. מחמש. מארבע. משלש. משנים. ומאחת. ומי עשאם. הראשונה עשה משה. והשניה עשה עזרא. וחמש מעזרא ואילך. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים שבע מעזרא ואילך. ומי עשאן שמעון הצדיק ויוחנן כהן גדול עשו שתים שתים אליהו עיני בן הקוף וחנמאל המצרי וישמעאל בן פיאני עשו אחת אחת: ",
+ "וכבש היו עושים מהר הבית להר המשחה. כיפין על גבי כיפין. וכיפה כנגד האוטם מפני קבר התהום. שבו כהן השורף את הפרה ופרה וכל מסעדיה יוצאין להר המשחה: ",
+ "לא היתה פרה רוצה לצאת אין מוציאין עמה שחורה. שלא יאמרו שחורה שחטו. ולא אדומה. שלא יאמרו שתים שחטו. רבי יוסי אומר לא משום זה. אלא משום שנאמר והוציא אותה לבדה. וזקני ישראל היו מקדימים ברגליהם להר המשחה. ובית טבילה היה שם. ומטמאים היו את הכהן השורף את הפרה מפני הצדוקים שלא יהיו אומרים במעורבי שמש היתה נעשית: ",
+ "סמכו ידיהם עליו ואומרים לו אישי כהן גדול טבול אחת. ירד וטבל ועלה ונסתפג. ועצים היו מסודרים שם עצי ארזים וארנים וברושים ועצי תאנה חלקה ועושין אותה כמין מגדל ומפתחין בה חלונות וחזיתה מערבה: ",
+ "כפתוה בחבל של מגג ונתנוה על גב המערכה ראשה בדרום ופניה למערב. הכהן עומד במזרח ופניו למערב. שחט בימינו וקבל בשמאלו. רבי יהודה אומר בימינו היה מקבל ונותן לשמאלו ומזה בימינו טבל והזה שבע פעמים כנגד בית קדש הקדשים על כל הזיה טבילה. גמר מלהזות קינח את ידו בגופה של פרה. ירד והצית את האש באליתות. ר' עקיבא אומר בחריות: ",
+ "נבקעה ועמד חוץ מגתה. נטל עץ ארז ואזוב ושני תולעת. אמר להן עץ ארז זה עץ ארז זה. אזוב זה אזוב זה. שני תולעת זה. שני תולעת זה. שלש פעמים על כל דבר ודבר. והם אומרים לו הין והין שלש פעמים על כל דבר ודבר: ",
+ "כרכן בשירי הלשון והשליך לתוך שרפתה. נשרפה. חובטין אותה במקלות. וכוברין אותה בכברות. ר' ישמעאל אומר במקבות של אבן. ובכברות של אבן היתה נעשית. שחור שיש בו אפר כותשין אותו ושאין בו מניחין אותו. העצם בין כך ובין כך היה נכתש. וחולקים אותו לשלש חלקים. אחד ניתן בחיל. ואחד ניתן בהר המשחה. ואחד היה מתחלק לכל המשמרות: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "פרת חטאת. ששחטה שלא לשמה קבל והזה שלא לשמה או לשמה ושלא לשמה או שלא לשמה ולשמה פסול ר' אליעזר מכשיר. ושלא רחוץ ידים ורגלים פסולה. ר' אליעזר מכשיר ושלא בכהן גדול פסולה. ר' יהודה מכשיר ומחוסר בגדים פסולה. ובכלי לבן היתה נעשית: ",
+ "שרפה חוץ מגתה. או בשתי גתות או ששרף שתים בגת אחת פסולה הזה ולא כיון כנגד הפתח פסולה. הזה מששית שביעית. חזר והזה שביעית. פסולה. משביעית שמינית וחזר והזה שמינית כשרה: ",
+ "שרפה שלא בעצים או בכל עצים אפילו בקש או בגבבה כשרה. הפשיטה ונתחה. כשרה. שחטה על מנת לאכול מבשרה ולשתות מדמה. כשרה. ר' אליעזר אומר אין מחשבה פוסלת בפרה: ",
+ "כל העסוקין בפרה. מתחלה ועד סוף מטמאין בגדים. ופוסלים אותה במלאכה. אירע בה פסול בשחיטתה. אינה מטמאה בגדים. אירע בה בהזייתה כל העוסק בה לפני פסולה מטמאה בגדים לאחר פסולה אינה מטמאה בגדים. נמצאה חומרה קולה לעולם מועלין בה ומרבין לה עצים. ומעשיה ביום. ובכהן. המלאכה פוסלת בה עד שתעשה אפר. והמלאכה פוסלת במים. עד שיטילו את האפר: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המביא כלי חרס לחטאת טובל ולן על הכבשן. ר' יהודה אומר אף מן הבית הוא מביא וכשר שהכל נאמנים על החטאת. ובתרומה פותח את הכבשן ונוטל. ר' שמעון אומר מן הסדר השני. ר' יוסי אומר מן הסדר השלישי: ",
+ "המטביל כלי לחטאת במים שאינם ראוים לקדש צריך לנגב. במים שהם ראוים לקדש אינו צריך לנגב. אם להוסיף לתוכו מים מקודשין. בין כך ובין כך צריך לנגב: ",
+ "קרויה. שהטבילוה במים שאין ראוין לקדש. מקדשין בה עד שתטמא. נטמאה אין מקדשין בה. רבי יהושע אומר אם מקדש הוא בה בתחלה. אף בסוף יקדש בה. אם אינו מקדש בה בסוף. אף לא בתחלה. בין כך ובין כך. לא יוסיף לתוכה מים מקודשים: ",
+ "שפופרת שחתכה לחטאת. רבי אליעזר אומר יטביל מיד. רבי יהושע אומר יטמא ויטביל הכל כשרים לקדש. חוץ מחרש שוטה וקטן. ר' יהודה מכשיר בקטן. ופוסל באשה ובאנדרוגינוס: ",
+ "בכל הכלים מקדשים אפילו בכלי גללים. בכלי אבנים. ובכלי אדמה, ובספינה מקדשין בה. אין מקדשין לא בדפנות הכלים. ולא בשולי המחץ ולא במגופת החבית ולא בחפניו מפני שאין ממלאין. ואין מקדשין ואין מזין מי חטאת אלא בכלי. אין מצילין בצמיד פתיל אלא כלים שאין מצילים מיד כלי חרס אלא כלים: ",
+ "ביצת היוצרים כשרה. ר' יוסי פוסל. ביצת התרנגולת. ר' מאיר ור' יהודה מכשירין וחכמים פוסלין: ",
+ "השוקת שבסלע. אין ממלאין בה. ואין מקדשין בה. ואין מזין ממנה. ואינה צריכה צמיד פתיל. ואינה פוסלת את המקוה. היתה כלי וחברה בסיד ממלאין בה. ומקדשין בה. ומזין ממנה. וצריכה צמיד פתיל ופוסלת את המקוה. ניקבה מלמטן ופקקה בסמרטוט. המים שבתוכה פוסלין מפני שאינן עגולים כלי. מן הצד ופקקה בסמרטוט. המים שבתוכה כשרים. מפני שהם עגולים כלי. עשו לה עטרה של טיט והלכו המים לשם פוסלין. אם היה בריא כדי שינטל עמה כשרים: ",
+ "שתי שקתות שבאבן אחת. קדש אחת מהם. המים שבשניה. אינן מקודשין. היו נקובות זו לזו כשפופרת הנוד. או שהיו המים צפין על גביהן אפילו כקליפת השום וקדש את אחת מהן. המים שבשניה מקודשין: ",
+ "שתי אבנים שהקיפן זו לזו. ועשאן שוקת. וכן שתי ערבות וכן השוקת שנחלקה. המים שביניהם אין מקודשין. עשאן בסיד או בגפסים והן יכולות להנטל כאחת המים שביניהם מקודשין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המקדש ונפל הקדוש על ידו. או על הצד. ואחר כך נפל על השוקת פסול. נפל מן השפופרת לשוקת פסול. נטל משפופרת וכסה או שהגיף את הדלת הקדוש כשר. והמים פסולים. זקפה בארץ פסול. לתוך ידו כשר מפני שאפשר: ",
+ "היה קדוש צף על פני המים. ר' מאיר ור' שמעון אומרים נוטל ומקדש. וחכמים אומרים כל שנגע במים אין מקדשין בו. זלף את המים. ונמצא קדש מלמטן. רבי מאיר ורבי שמעון אומרים מנגב ומקדש. וחכמים אומרים כל שנגע במים. אין מקדשין בו: ",
+ "המקדש בשוקת והטפי בתוכה אף על פי שפיו צר כל שהוא. המים שבתוכו מקודשין. אם היה ספוג המים שבתוכו פסולים. כיצד יעשה יזלף עד שהוא מגיע לספוג. נגע בספוג אף על פי שהמים צפין על גביו כל שהן פסולין: ",
+ "נתן ידו או רגלו או עלי ירקות. כדי שיעברו המים לחבית פסולים. עלי קנים ועלי אגוז כשרים. זה הכלל דבר שהוא מקבל טומאה פסול. ודבר שאינו מקבל טומאה כשר: ",
+ "המפנה את המעין לתוך הגת או לתוך הגבים פסולים לזבים ולמצורעים ולקדש בהן מי חטאת מפני שלא נתמלאו בכלי: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "חמשה שמלאו חמשה חביות. לקדשן חמשה קדושין ונמלכו לקדשן קדוש אחד. או לקדשן קדוש אחד. ונמלכו לקדשן חמשה קדושין. הרי כולן כשרים. יחיד שמלא חמשה חביות לקדשן חמשה קדושין ונמלך לקדשן קדוש אחד. אין כשר אלא אחרון. לקדשן קדוש אחד. ונמלך לקדשן חמשה קדושין. אין כשר אלא זה שקדש ראשון. אמר לאחד קדש לך את אלו אין כשר אלא ראשון. קדש לי את אלו הרי כולם כשרים: ",
+ "הממלא באחת ידו. ועושה מלאכה באחת ידו. הממלא לו ולאחר. או שמלא לשנים כאחת. שניהן פסולין. שהמלאכה פוסלת במלוי בין לו בין לאחר: ",
+ "המקדש באחת ידו ועושה מלאכה באחת ידו. אם לו פסול. ואם לאחר כשר. המקדש לו ולאחר שלו פסול ושל אחר כשר. המקדש לשנים כאחד שניהן כשרין: ",
+ "קדש לי ואקדש לך. הראשון כשר. מלא לי ואמלא לך האחרון כשר. קדש לי ואמלא לך שניהם כשרים. מלא לי ואקדש לך. שניהם פסולים: ",
+ "הממלא לו ולחטאת. ממלא את שלו תחלה. וקושרו באסל ואחר כך ממלא את של חטאת. ואם מלא של חטאת תחלה. ואחר כך מלא את שלו. פסול. נותן את שלו לאחוריו. ואת של חטאת לפניו. ואם נתן את של חטאת לאחוריו פסול. היו שניהן של חטאת. נותן אחד לפניו ואחד לאחוריו כשר. מפני שאי אפשר: ",
+ "המוליך את החבל בידו לדרכו כשר. ושלא לדרכו פסול. זה הלך ליבנה שלשה מועדות. ובמועד שלישי הכשירו לו הוראת שעה: ",
+ "המכנן את החבל על יד על יד כשר ואם כננו באחרונה פסול. אמר ר' יוסי לזה הכשירו הוראת שעה: ",
+ "המצניע את החבית שלא תשבר. או שכפאה על פיה. על מנת לנגבה למלאות בה. כשר. להוליך בה את הקדוש. פסול. המפנה חרסין מתוך השוקת. בשביל שתחזיק מים הרבה. כשרין. ואם בשביל שלא יהיו מעכבין אותו בשעה שהוא זולף את המים. פסול: ",
+ "מי שהיו מימיו על כתפו. והורה הוראה והראה לאחרים את הדרך. והרג נחש ועקרב. ונטל אוכלים להצניעם. פסול. אוכלין לאכלן. כשר. הנחש והעקרב שהיו מעכבים אותו. כשר. אמר ר' יהודה זה הכלל כל דבר שהוא משום מלאכה. בין עמד בין לא עמד. פסול. דבר שאינו משום מלאכה. עמד פסול. ואם לא עמד. כשר: ",
+ "המוסר מימיו לטמא. פסולין. ולטהור. כשרין. ר' אליעזר אומר אף לטמא כשרין. אם לא עשו הבעלים מלאכה: ",
+ "שנים שהיו ממלאין לחטאת והגביהו זה על זה. ונטל זה לזה קוצו. בקדוש אחד כשר. בשני קדושין פסול. ר' יוסי אומר אף בשני קדושין כשר. אם התנו ביניהן: ",
+ "הפורץ על מנת לגדור כשר. ואם גדר פסול. האוכל על מנת לקצות. כשר. ואם קצה. פסול. היה אוכל והותיר. וזרק מה שבידו לתחת התאנה. או לתוך המוקצה. בשביל שלא יאבד. פסול: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "שנים שהיו שומרים את השוקת. נטמא אחד מהם. כשרים. מפני שהן ברשותו של שני. טהר ונטמא שני כשרים. מפני שהן ברשותו של ראשון. נטמאו שניהן כאחת. פסולין. עשה אחד מהן מלאכה. כשרין. מפני שהן ברשותו של שני. עמד ועשה השני מלאכה. כשרין. מפני שהן ברשותו של ראשון. עשו שניהן כאחד פסולין: ",
+ "המקדש מי חטאת. לא ינעול את הסנדל שאם נפלו משקין על הסנדל נטמא. וטמאהו. הרי הוא אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני. ואתה טמאתני. נפלו משקין על בשרו. טהור. נפלו על כסותו. נטמאת וטמאתו. הרי זה אומר. מטמאיך לא טמאוני. ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "השורף פרה ופרים והמשלח את השעיר מטמא בגדים. פרה ופרים ושעיר המשתלח עצמן. אין מטמאין בגדים. הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "האוכל מנבלת העוף הטהור. והיא בבית הבליעה מטמא בגדים. הנבלה עצמה. אינה מטמאה בגדים. הדי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני. ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "כל ולד הטומאות אינו מטמא כלים אלא משקה. נטמא משקה טימאן. הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "אין כלי חרש מטמא חבירו אלא משקה. נטמא משקה. טמאתו. הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני. ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "כל הפוסל את התרומה. מטמא את המשקין להיות תחלה. לטמא אחד ולפסול אחד חוץ מטבול יום. הרי זה אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טמאתני: ",
+ "כל הימים כמקוה. שנאמר (בראשית א, י) ולמקוה המים קרא ימים. דברי ר' מאיר. רבי יהודה אומר הים הגדול כמקוה. לא נאמר ימים אלא שיש בו מיני ימים הרבה. רבי יוסי אומר כל הימים מטהרין בזוחלין ופסולין לזבים ולמצורעים ולקדש מהן מי חטאת: ",
+ "המים המוכים פסולים. אלו הן המוכים. המלוחים והפושרים. המים המכזבים פסולין. אלו הם המים המכזבים. המכזבים אחד בשבוע. המכזבים בפולמסיות. ובשני בצרון כשרים. ר' יהודה פוסל: ",
+ "מי קרמיון. ומי פוגה. פסולים. מפני שהם מי ביצים מי הירדן ומי ירמוך פסולים. מפני שהם מי תערובות. ואלו הן מי תערובות. אחד כשר ואחד פסול שנתערבו. שניהן כשרין ונתערבו. כשרין. ר' יהודה פוסל: ",
+ "באר אחאב ומערת פמייס. כשרה. המים שנשתנו. ושנויין מחמת עצמן כשרין. אמת המים הבאה מרחוק. כשרה. ובלבד שישמרנה שלא יפסיקנה אדם. ר' יהודה אומר הרי היא בחזקת מותרת. באר שנפל לתוכה חרסית או אדמה. ימתין לה עד שתצל. דברי רבי ישמעאל. ר' עקיבא אומר. אינו צריך להמתין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "צלוחית שנפל לתוכה מים כל שהן. ר' אליעזר אומר יזה שתי הזיות. וחכמים פוסלין. ירד לתוכה טל ר' אליעזר אומר יניחנה בחמה והטל עולה. וחכמים פוסלין. נפל לתוכה משקין ומי פירות יערה וצריך לנגב. דיו קומוס וקנקנתום. וכל דבר שהוא רושם יערה. ואינו צריך לנגב: ",
+ "נפל לתוכה שקצים ורמשים ונתבקעו או שנשתנו מראיהם פסולין. חפושית בין כך ובין כך פוסלת מפני שהיא כשפופרת. ר' שמעון ור' אליעזר בן יעקב אומרים. הדירה. והכנה שבתבואה כשרים מפני שאין בהם לחה: ",
+ "שתת מהן בהמה או חיה פסולין. כל העופות פוסלין. חוץ מן היונה מפני שהיא מוצצת. כל השרצים אינם פוסלין חוץ מן החולדה. מפני שהיא מלקת. רבן גמליאל אומר אף הנחש. מפני שהיא מקיאה. ר' אליעזר אומר אף העכבר: ",
+ "החושב על מי חטאת לשתות. רבי אליעזר אומר. פסול. רבי יהושע אומר כשיטה. אמר רבי יוסי במה דברים אמורים. במים שאינם מקודשים. אבל במים המקודשין. רבי אליעזר אומר כשיטה. רבי יהושע אומר כשישתה. ואם גרגר כשר: ",
+ "מי חטאת שנפסלו לא יגבלם בטיט. שלא יעשם תקלה לאחרים רבי יהודה אומר בטלו. פרה ששתת מי חטאת בשרה טמא מעת לעת. רבי יהודה אומר בטלו במעיה: ",
+ "מי חטאת ואפר חטאת. לא יעבירם בנהר ובספינה. ולא ישיטם על פני המים ולא יעמוד בצד זה ויזרקם לצד זה אבל עובר הוא במים עד צוארו. עובר הוא הטהור לחטאת. ובידיו כלי ריקם הטהור לחטאת. ובמים שאינם מקודשין: ",
+ "אפר כשר שנתערב באפר מקלה הולכין אחר הרוב ליטמא ואין מקדשין בו. ר' אליעזר אומר מקדשין בכלן: ",
+ "מי חטאת שנפסלו. מטמאין את הטהור לתרומה. בידיו ובגופו. ואת הטהור לחטאת. לא בידיו ולא בגופו. נטמאו. מטמאים את הטהור לתרומה בידיו ובגופו. ואת הטהור לחטאת. בידיו. אבל לא בגופו: ",
+ "אפר כשר שנתנו על גבי המים שאינן ראוין לקדש. מטמאין את הטהור לתרומה בידיו ובגופו. את הטהור לחטאת. לא בידיו ולא בגופו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "כל הראוי ליטמא מדרס מדף לחטאת. בין טמא בין טהור. ואדם כיוצא בו. כל הראוי ליטמא טמא מת בין טמא בין טהור ר' אליעזר אומר אינו מדף. רבי יהושע אומר מדף. וחכמים אומרים הטמא מדף. והטהור אינו מדף: ",
+ "הטהור לחטאת שנגע במדף טמא. לגין של חטאת שנגע במדף. טמא. הטהור לחטאת שנגע באוכלים ומשקים. בידו. טמא. וברגלו. טהור. הסיטן בידו. רבי יהושע מטמא. וחכמים מטהרים: ",
+ "קלל של חטאת. שנגע בשרץ. טהור. נתנו על גביו. רבי אליעזר מטהר. וחכמים מטמאים. נגע באוכלים ומשקין. ובכתבי הקדש. טהור. נתנו על גביהן. ר' יוסי מטהר. וחכמים מטמאים: ",
+ "הטהור לחטאת שנגע בתנור. בידו. טמא. וברגלו. טהור. היה עומד על גבי תנור. ופשט ידו חוץ לתנור. והלגין בתוכו. וכן האסל שהוא נתון על גבי התנור ובו שני קללות. אחד מכאן ואחד מכאן. ר' עקיבא מטהר. וחכמים מטמאין: ",
+ "היה עומד חוץ לתנור. ופשט ידיו לחלון. ונטל את הלגין. והעבירו על גבי התנור. ר' עקיבא מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין. אבל עומד הוא הטהור לחטאת. על גבי תנור. ובידו כלי ריקן הטהור לחטאת. ובמים שאין מקודשין: ",
+ "לגין של חטאת שנגע בשל קדש ושל תרומה. של חטאת טמא. ושל קדש ושל תרומה. טהורין. שניהן בשתי ידיו. שניהן טמאים. שניהם בשני ניירות. שניהם טהורים. של חטאת בנייר ושל תרומה בידו. שניהן טמאין. של תרומה בנייר ושל חטאת בידו. שניהן טהורין. ר' יהושע אומר של חטאת טמא. היו נתונין על גבי הארץ ונגע בהם. של חטאת. טמא. של קדש ושל תרומה טהורים. הסיטן. רבי יהושע מטמא. וחכמים מטהרין: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "צלוחית שהניחה מגולה. ובא ומצאה מכוסה. פסולה. הניחה מכוסה. ובא ומצאה מגולה. אם יכולה החולדה לשתות הימנה. או נחש לדברי רבן גמליאל. או שירד בה טל בלילה. פסולה. החטאת אינה נצולה בצמיד פתיל. ומים שאינן מקודשין נצולין בצמיד פתיל: ",
+ "כל הספק טהור לתרומה טהור לחטאת. כל התלוי לתרומה. נשפך לחטאת. אם עשו על גביו טהרות. תלויות. הרפפות טהורות לקדש ולתרומה ולחטאת. רבי אליעזר אומר הרעדות טמאות לחטאת: ",
+ "דבלה של תרומה שנפלה לתוך מי חטאת. ונטלה ואכלה. אם יש בה כביצה. בין טמאה בין טהורה. המים טמאין. והאוכלה חייב מיתה. אין בה כביצה המים טהורין והאוכלה חייב מיתה. רבי יוסי אומר בטהורה. המים טהורים. הטהור לחטאת שהכניס ראשו ורובו לתוך מי חטאת. נטמא: ",
+ "כל הטעון ביאת מים מדברי תורה מטמא את הקדש ואת התרומה ואת החולין. ואת המעשר. ואסור על ביאת המקדש. לאחר ביאתו מטמא את הקדש. ופוסל את התרומה. דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים אומרים פוסל בקדש ובתרומה ומותר בחולין ובמעשר ואם בא אל המקדש. בין לפני ביאתו. בין לאחר ביאתו. חייב: ",
+ "כל הטעון ביאת מים מדברי סופרים. מטמא את הקדש. ופוסל את התרומה. ומותר בחולין ובמעשר. דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים אוסרים במעשר. לאחר ביאתו מותר בכולן. ואם בא אל המקדש בין לפני ביאתו ובין לאחר ביאתו. פטור: ",
+ "כל הטעון ביאת מים בין מדברי תורה בין מדברי סופרים. מטמא את מי חטאת ואת אפר חטאת ואת המזה מי חטאת במגע ובמשא. האזוב המוכשר. והמים שאינן מקודשים. וכלי ריקם הטהור לחטאת. במגע ובמשא. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים במגע אבל לא במשא: ",
+ "כל אזוב שיש לו שם לווי פסול. אזוב זה כשר. אזוב יון. אזוב כוחלית. אזוב רומי. אזוב מדברי פסול. ושל תרומה טמאה פסול. ושל טהורה לא יזה. ואם הזה. כשר. אין מזין לא ביונקות ולא בתמרות. אין חייבין על היונקות על ביאת המקדש. ר' אליעזר אומר אף לא על התמרות. אלו הן היונקות. גבעולין שלא גמלו: ",
+ "אזוב שהזה בו. כשר לטהר בו את המצורע. לקטו לעצים ונפלו עליו משקין מנגבו והוא כשר. לקטו לאוכלין ונפלו עליו משקין. אף על פי שנגבו פסול. לקטו לחטאת. כמלקט לאוכלין. דברי ר' מאיר. ר' יהודה ור' יוסי ור' שמעון אומרים כמלקט לעצים: ",
+ "מצות אזוב שלשה קלחים ובהם שלשה גבעולין. ר' יהודה אומר של שלשה שלשה. אזוב שיש בו שלשה קלחים מפסגו ואוגדו. פסגו ולא אגדו. אגדו ולא פסגו לא פסגו ולא אגדו. כשר. ר' יוסי אומר מצות אזוב שלשה קלחים. ובהם שלשה גבעולים ושיריו שנים. וגרדומיו כל שהוא: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "האזוב הקצר. מספקו בחוט ובכוש. וטובל ומעלה ואוחז באזוב ומזה. רבי יהודה ור' שמעון אומרים כשם שהזייה באזוב. כך טבילה באזוב: ",
+ "הזה. ספק מן החוט. ספק מן הכוש. ספק מן הגבעול. הזייתו פסולה. הזה על שני כלים. ספק על שניהם הזה. ספק מחברו מיצה עליו. הזאתו פסולה. מחט שהיא נתונה על החרס והזה עליה. ספק על המחט הזה. ספק מן החרס מיצה עליה. הזייתו פסולה. צלוחית שפיה צר. טובל ומעלה כדרכו. ר' יהודה אומר הזייה ראשונה. מי חטאת שנתמעטו. טובל אפילו ראשי גבעולין. ומזה. בלבד שלא יספג. נתכוין להזות לפניו. והזה לאחריו. לאחריו והזה לפניו. הזייתו פסולה. לפניו. והזה על הצדדין שלפניו הזייתו כשרה. מזין על האדם מדעתו ושלא מדעתו. מזין על האדם ועל הכלים ואפילו הן מאה: ",
+ "נתכוין להזות על דבר שהוא מקבל טומאה. והזה על דבר שאינו מקבל טומאה. אם יש באזוב לא ישנה. על דבר שאינו מקבל טומאה. והזה על דבר שמקבל טומאה. אם יש באזוב ישנה. על האדם והזה על הבהמה. אם יש באזוב לא ישנה. על הבהמה והזה על האדם. אם יש באזוב ישנה. המים המנטפים כשרים. לפיכך הם מטמאין לשם מי חטאת: ",
+ "המזה מחלון של רבים ונכנס למקדש. ונמצאו המים פסולים פטור. מחלון של יחיד ונכנס למקדש. ונמצאו המים פסולין חייב. אבל כהן גדול בין מחלון של יחיד בין מחלון של רבים. פטור. שאין כהן גדול חייב על ביאת המקדש. מחליקין היו לפני חלון של רבים ודורסין ולא נמנעין. מפני שאמרו מי חטאת שעשו מצותן. אין מטמאין: ",
+ "אוחז הוא הטהור בקרדום הטמא בכנפו. מזה עליו. אף על פי שיש עליו כדי הזייה טהור. כמה יהא במים. ויהיה בהם כדי הזייה כדי שיטביל ראשי גבעולין ויזה. רבי יהודה אומר רואים אותם כאילו הן על אזוב של נחשת: ",
+ "המזה באזוב טמא אם יש בו כביצה המים פסולים והזיתו פסולה. אין בו כביצה המים כשרים והזיתו פסולה ומטמא את חבירו וחבירו את חבירו. אפילו הן מאה: ",
+ "הטהור לחטאת שנטמאו ידיו. נטמא גופו. ומטמא את חבירו. וחבירו את חבירו. אפילו הן מאה: ",
+ "לגין של חטאת שנטמאו אחוריו נטמא תוכו. ומטמא את חבירו. וחבירו את חבירו אפילו הן מאה. הזוג והענבל חבור. כוש של רובן לא יזה לא על הכוש. ולא על הפיקה. ואם הזה מוזה. של פשתן. חבור. עור של עריסה שהוא מחובר לפיקו' חבור. המלבן אינו חבור לא לטומאה ולא לטהרה. כל ידות הכלים הקדוחות חבור. רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר אף החרוקות: ",
+ "הסלים שבקנתל. והמטה של טרבל. וקרן של כליבה וקרנין של יוצאי דרכים. ושלשלת המפתחות. ושלל הכובסים. והבגד שהוא תפור בכלאים חבור לטומאה. ואינו חבור להזייה: ",
+ "כסוי מיחם שהוא מחובר לשלשלת. בית שמאי אומרים חבור לטומאה. ואינו חבור להזייה. בית הלל אומרים הזה על המיחם הזה הכסוי. הזה על הכסוי לא הזה המיחם. הכל כשרים להזות חוץ מטומטום. ואנדרוגינוס והאשה. ותינוק שאין בו דעת. האשה מסעדתו ומזה. ואוחזת לו במים. והוא טובל ומזה. אם אחזה בידו אפילו בשעת הזייה. פסול: ",
+ "טבל את האזוב ביום והזה ביום. כשר. ביום והזה בלילה. בלילה והזה ביום. פסול. אבל הוא עצמו טובל בלילה. ומזה ביום. שאין מזין עד שתנץ החמה. וכלן שעשו משעלה עמוד השחר. כשר: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7baebdc6141e103b5ec708d5a28eaa4662d4d3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Parah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Parah",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה פרה",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, עֶגְלָה, בַּת שְׁנָתָהּ. וּפָרָה, בַּת שְׁתַּיִם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עֶגְלָה, בַּת שְׁתַּיִם. וּפָרָה, בַּת שָׁלשׁ אוֹ בַת אַרְבַּע. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף בַּת חָמֵשׁ. כְּשֵׁרָה הַזְּקֵנָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין מַמְתִּינִין לָהּ, שֶׁמָּא תַשְׁחִיר, שֶׁלֹּא תִפָּסֵל. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶלָּא שְׁלָשִׁית. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה הַלָּשׁוֹן שְׁלָשִׁית. אָמַר לָהֶם, כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי סְתָם. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי, אֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתָּה, שְׁלִישִׁית, לַאֲחֵרוֹת בְּמִנְיָן. וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר, שְׁלָשִׁית, בַּת שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ אָמְרוּ, כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה הַלָּשׁוֹן רְבָעִי. אָמַר לָהֶם, כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי סְתָם. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי, אֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתָּה, רְבִיעִי, לַאֲחֵרִים בְּמִנְיָן. וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר, רְבָעִי, בֶּן אַרְבַּע שָׁנִים. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ אָמְרוּ, הָאוֹכֵל בְּבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע פְּרָס, מִשָּׁלשׁ לְקָב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֱמֹר מִשְּׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לִסְאָה. אָמַר לָהֶם, כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי סְתָם. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי, אֲנִי אֲפָרֵשׁ. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתָּה מִשָּׁלשׁ לְקָב, אֵין בּוֹ חַלָּה. וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לִסְאָה, מִעֲטַתּוּ חַלָּתוֹ: \n",
+ "רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, פָּרִים, בְּנֵי שְׁתַּיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ח), וּפַר שֵׁנִי בֶן בָּקָר תִּקַּח לְחַטָּאת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּנֵי שָׁלשׁ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּנֵי אַרְבַּע וּבְנֵי חָמֵשׁ כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִים זְקֵנִים, מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד: \n",
+ "כְּבָשִׂים, בְּנֵי שָׁנָה. וְאֵילִים, בְּנֵי שְׁתַּיִם. וְכֻלָּם מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם. בֶּן שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ אֵינוֹ כָשֵׁר לֹא לְאַיִל וְלֹא לְכֶבֶשׂ. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן קוֹרֵהוּ פַּלְגָּס. בֶּן עַזַּאי קוֹרֵהוּ נוֹקֵד. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל קוֹרֵהוּ פַּרְכָדִיגְמָא. הִקְרִיבוֹ, מֵבִיא עָלָיו נִסְכֵּי אַיִל, וְלֹא עָלָה לוֹ מִזִּבְחוֹ. בֶּן שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ וְיוֹם אֶחָד, הֲרֵי זֶה אָיִל: \n",
+ "חַטֹּאת הַצִּבּוּר וְעוֹלוֹתֵיהֶן, חַטַּאת הַיָּחִיד וַאֲשַׁם נָזִיר וַאֲשַׁם מְצֹרָע, כְּשֵׁרִין מִיּוֹם שְׁלשִׁים וָהָלְאָה, וְאַף בְּיוֹם שְׁלשִׁים. וְאִם הִקְרִיבוּם בְּיוֹם שְׁמִינִי, כְּשֵׁרִים. נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפֶּסַח, כְּשֵׁרִים מִיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה, וְאַף בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, פָּרַת חַטָּאת הַמְעֻבֶּרֶת, כְּשֵׁרָה. וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינָהּ נִלְקַחַת מִן הַנָּכְרִים. וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִים. וְלֹא זוֹ בִלְבַד, אֶלָּא כָל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר וְהַיָּחִיד בָּאִין מֵהָאָרֶץ וּמִחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מִן הֶחָדָשׁ וּמִן הַיָּשָׁן, חוּץ מִן הָעֹמֶר וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁאֵינָן בָּאִין אֶלָּא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ וּמִן הָאָרֶץ: \n",
+ "פָּרָה שֶׁקַּרְנֶיהָ וּטְלָפֶיהָ שְׁחוֹרִים, יָגֹד. גַּלְגַּל הָעַיִן וְהַשִּׁנַּיִם וְהַלָּשׁוֹן אֵינָם פּוֹסְלִים בַּפָּרָה. וְהַנַּנֶּסֶת, כְּשֵׁרָה. הָיְתָה בָהּ יַבֶּלֶת וַחֲתָכָהּ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל מְקוֹם שֶׁנִּטַּל וְלֹא הֶעֱלָה מְקוֹמוֹ שֵׂעָר אָדֹם, פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "יוֹצֵא דֹפֶן וְאֶתְנָן וּמְחִיר, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כג), לֹא תָבִיא אֶתְנַן זוֹנָה וּמְחִיר כֶּלֶב בֵּית ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ, וְאֵין זוֹ בָאָה לַבָּיִת. כָּל הַמּוּמִים הַפּוֹסְלִים בַּמֻּקְדָּשִׁים, פּוֹסְלִים בַּפָּרָה. רָכַב עָלֶיהָ, נִשְׁעַן עָלֶיהָ, נִתְלָה בִזְנָבָהּ, עָבַר בָּהּ אֶת הַנָּהָר, קִפֵּל עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַמּוֹסֵרָה, נָתַן טַלִּיתוֹ עָלֶיהָ, פְּסוּלָה. אֲבָל קְשָׁרָהּ בַּמּוֹסֵרָה, עָשָׂה לָהּ סַנְדָּל בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא תַחֲלִיק, פָּרַס טַלִּיתוֹ עָלֶיהָ מִפְּנֵי הַזְּבוּבִים, כְּשֵׁרָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא לְצָרְכָּהּ, כְּשֵׁרָה. לְצֹרֶךְ אַחֵר, פְּסוּלָה: \n",
+ "שָׁכַן עָלֶיהָ עוֹף, כְּשֵׁרָה. עָלָה עָלֶיהָ זָכָר, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הֶעֱלָהוּ, פְּסוּלָה. וְאִם מֵעַצְמוֹ, כְּשֵׁרָה: \n",
+ "הָיוּ בָהּ שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת שְׁחוֹרוֹת אוֹ לְבָנוֹת בְּתוֹךְ גֻּמָּא אַחַת, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ בְתוֹךְ כּוֹס אֶחָד. הָיוּ בְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵי כוֹסוֹת וְהֵן מוֹכִיחוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבַּע, אֲפִלּוּ חָמֵשׁ, וְהֵן מְפֻזָּרוֹת, יִתְלֹשׁ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ חֲמִשִּׁים. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת בְּרֹאשָׁהּ וְאַחַת בִּזְנָבָהּ, פְּסוּלָה. הָיוּ בָהּ שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, עִקָּרָן מַשְׁחִיר וְרֹאשָׁן מַאְדִּים, עִקָּרָן מַאְדִּים וְרֹאשָׁן מַשְׁחִיר, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנִּרְאֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַחַר הָעִקָּר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שִׁבְעַת יָמִים קֹדֶם לִשְׂרֵפַת הַפָּרָה מַפְרִישִׁין כֹּהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה מִבֵּיתוֹ לַלִּשְׁכָּה שֶׁעַל פְּנֵי הַבִּירָה, צָפוֹנָה מִזְרָחָה, וּבֵית אֶבֶן הָיְתָה נִקְרֵאת, וּמַזִּין עָלָיו כָּל שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים מִכָּל חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיוּ מַזִּין עָלָיו אֶלָּא בַשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִי בִּלְבָד. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגָן הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹמֵר, עַל הַכֹּהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה, מַזִּין כָּל שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים. וְעַל שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, לֹא הָיוּ מַזִּין עָלָיו אֶלָּא בַשְּׁלִישִׁי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִי בִּלְבָד: \n",
+ "חֲצֵרוֹת הָיוּ בִירוּשָׁלַיִם בְּנוּיוֹת עַל גַּבֵּי סֶלַע וְתַחְתֵּיהֶם חָלוּל, מִפְּנֵי קֶבֶר הַתְּהוֹם. וּמְבִיאִים נָשִׁים עֻבָּרוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת שָׁם וּמְגַדְּלוֹת שָׁם אֶת בְּנֵיהֶן. וּמְבִיאִים שְׁוָרִים וְעַל גַּבֵּיהֶן דְּלָתוֹת, וְתִינוֹקוֹת יוֹשְׁבִין עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן וְכוֹסוֹת שֶׁל אֶבֶן בְּיָדָם. הִגִּיעוּ לַשִּׁלּוֹחַ, יָרְדוּ וּמִלְאוּם, וְעָלוּ וְיָשְׁבוּ עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִמְּקוֹמוֹ הָיָה מְשַׁלְשֵׁל וּמְמַלֵּא: \n",
+ "בָּאוּ לְהַר הַבַּיִת וְיָרְדוּ. הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת, תַּחְתֵּיהֶם חָלוּל, מִפְּנֵי קֶבֶר הַתְּהוֹם. וּבְפֶתַח הָעֲזָרָה הָיָה מְתֻקָּן קָלָל שֶׁל חַטָּאת, וּמְבִיאִין זָכָר שֶׁל רְחֵלִים וְקוֹשְׁרִים חֶבֶל בֵּין קַרְנָיו, וְקוֹשְׁרִים מַקֵּל וּמְסַבֵּךְ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל חֶבֶל, וְזוֹרְקוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַקָּלָל, וּמַכֶּה אֶת הַזָּכָר וְנִרְתָּע לַאֲחוֹרָיו, וְנוֹטֵל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה עַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּתְּנוּ מָקוֹם לַצְּדוֹקִים לִרְדּוֹת, אֶלָּא הוּא נוֹטֵל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ: \n",
+ "לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין, לֹא חַטָּאת עַל גַּבֵּי חַטָּאת, וְלֹא תִינוֹק עַל גַּבֵּי חֲבֵרוֹ. וּצְרִיכִין הָיוּ הַתִּינוֹקוֹת לְהַזּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיוּ צְרִיכִין לְהַזּוֹת: \n",
+ "לֹא מָצְאוּ מִשֶּׁבַע, עוֹשִׂין מִשֵּׁשׁ, מֵחָמֵשׁ, מֵאַרְבַּע, מִשָּׁלשׁ, מִשְּׁתַּיִם וּמֵאֶחָת. וּמִי עֲשָׂאָם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עָשָׂה משֶׁה, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה עָשָׂה עֶזְרָא, וְחָמֵשׁ, מֵעֶזְרָא וָאֵילָךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁבַע מֵעֶזְרָא וָאֵילָךְ. וּמִי עֲשָׂאָן. שִׁמְעוֹן הַצַּדִּיק וְיוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עָשׂוּ שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם, אֶלְיְהוֹעֵינַי בֶּן הַקּוֹף וַחֲנַמְאֵל הַמִּצְרִי וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן פִּיאָבִי עָשׂוּ אַחַת אֶחָת: \n",
+ "וְכֶבֶשׁ הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים מֵהַר הַבַּיִת לְהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה, כִּפִּין עַל גַּבֵּי כִפִּין, וְכִפָּה כְנֶגֶד הָאֹטֶם, מִפְּנֵי קֶבֶר הַתְּהוֹם, שֶׁבּוֹ כֹהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה, וּפָרָה וְכָל מְסַעֲדֶיהָ, יוֹצְאִין לְהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה: \n",
+ "לֹא הָיְתָה פָרָה רוֹצָה לָצֵאת, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין עִמָּהּ שְׁחוֹרָה, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ, שְׁחוֹרָה שָׁחֲטוּ. וְלֹא אֲדֻמָּה, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ, שְׁתַּיִם שָׁחֲטוּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִשּׁוּם זֶה, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יט), וְהוֹצִיא אֹתָהּ, לְבַדָּהּ. וְזִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ מַקְדִּימִים בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם לְהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה, וּבֵית טְבִילָה הָיָה שָׁם. וּמְטַמְּאִים הָיוּ אֶת הַכֹּהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה, מִפְּנֵי הַצְּדוֹקִים, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִים, בִּמְעֹרְבֵי שֶׁמֶשׁ הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית: \n",
+ "סָמְכוּ יְדֵיהֶם עָלָיו וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, אִישִׁי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, טְבֹל אֶחָת. יָרַד וְטָבַל וְעָלָה וְנִסְתַּפֵּג. וְעֵצִים הָיוּ מְסֻדָּרִים שָׁם, עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים וָאֳרָנִים וּבְרוֹשִׁים וַעֲצֵי תְאֵנָה חֲלָקָה. וְעוֹשִׂין אוֹתָהּ כְּמִין מִגְדָּל, וּמְפַתְּחִין בָּהּ חַלּוֹנוֹת, וַחֲזִיתָהּ מַעֲרָבָה: \n",
+ "כְּפָתוּהָ בְחֶבֶל שֶׁל מֶגֶג וּנְתָנוּהָ עַל גַּב הַמַּעֲרָכָה, רֹאשָׁהּ בַּדָּרוֹם וּפָנֶיהָ לַמַּעֲרָב. הַכֹּהֵן עוֹמֵד בַּמִּזְרָח וּפָנָיו לַמַּעֲרָב. שָׁחַט בִּימִינוֹ וְקִבֵּל בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּימִינוֹ הָיָה מְקַבֵּל וְנוֹתֵן לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, וּמַזֶּה בִימִינוֹ. טָבַל וְהִזָּה שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים. עַל כָּל הַזָּיָה, טְבִילָה. גָּמַר מִלְּהַזּוֹת, קִנַּח אֶת יָדוֹ בְּגוּפָהּ שֶׁל פָּרָה. יָרַד וְהִצִּית אֶת הָאֵשׁ בַּאֲלִיתוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בַּחֲרִיּוֹת: \n",
+ "נִבְקְעָה, וְעָמַד חוּץ מִגִּתָּהּ. נָטַל עֵץ אֶרֶז וְאֵזוֹב וּשְׁנִי תוֹלַעַת. אָמַר לָהֶן, עֵץ אֶרֶז זֶה, עֵץ אֶרֶז זֶה. אֵזוֹב זֶה, אֵזוֹב זֶה. שְׁנִי תוֹלַעַת זֶה, שְׁנִי תוֹלַעַת זֶה. שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר. וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, הֵין וְהֵין, שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר: \n",
+ "כְּרָכָן בִּשְׁיָרֵי הַלָּשׁוֹן וְהִשְׁלִיךְ לְתוֹךְ שְׂרֵפָתָהּ. נִשְׂרְפָה, חוֹבְטִין אוֹתָהּ בְּמַקְלוֹת, וְכוֹבְרִין אוֹתָהּ בִּכְבָרוֹת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, בְּמַקָּבוֹת שֶׁל אֶבֶן וּבִכְבָרוֹת שֶׁל אֶבֶן הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית. שָׁחוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אֵפֶר, כּוֹתְשִׁין אוֹתוֹ. וְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ, מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ. הָעֶצֶם, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ הָיָה נִכְתָּשׁ. וְחוֹלְקִים אוֹתוֹ לִשְׁלשָׁה חֲלָקִים, אֶחָד נִתָּן בַּחֵיל, וְאֶחָד נִתָּן בְּהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה, וְאֶחָד הָיָה מִתְחַלֵּק לְכָל הַמִּשְׁמָרוֹת: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "פָּרַת חַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָהּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ, קִבֵּל וְהִזָּה שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ, אוֹ לִשְׁמָהּ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ וְלִשְׁמָהּ, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַכְשִׁיר. וְשֶׁלֹּא בְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר. וּמְחֻסַּר בְּגָדִים, פְּסוּלָה. וּבִכְלֵי לָבָן הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית: \n",
+ "שְׂרָפָהּ חוּץ מִגִּתָּהּ, אוֹ בִשְׁתֵּי גִתּוֹת, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׂרַף שְׁתַּיִם בְּגַת אַחַת, פְּסוּלָה. הִזָּה וְלֹא כִוֵּן כְּנֶגֶד הַפֶּתַח, פְּסוּלָה. הִזָּה מִשִּׁשִּׁית שְׁבִיעִית, חָזַר וְהִזָּה שְׁבִיעִית, פְּסוּלָה. מִשְּׁבִיעִית שְׁמִינִית וְחָזַר וְהִזָּה שְׁמִינִית, כְּשֵׁרָה: \n",
+ "שְׂרָפָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בְעֵצִים, אוֹ בְכָל עֵצִים, אֲפִלּוּ בְקַשׁ אוֹ בִגְבָבָה, כְּשֵׁרָה. הִפְשִׁיטָהּ וְנִתְּחָהּ, כְּשֵׁרָה. שְׁחָטָהּ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל מִבְּשָׂרָהּ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת מִדָּמָהּ, כְּשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַחֲשָׁבָה פוֹסֶלֶת בַּפָּרָה: \n",
+ "כָּל הָעֲסוּקִין בַּפָּרָה מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף, מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים, וּפוֹסְלִים אוֹתָהּ בִּמְלָאכָה. אֵרַע בָּהּ פְּסוּל בִּשְׁחִיטָתָהּ, אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה בְגָדִים. אֵרַע בָּהּ בְּהַזָּיָתָהּ, כֹּל הָעוֹסֵק בָּהּ לִפְנֵי פְסוּלָהּ, מְטַמְּאָה בְגָדִים. לְאַחַר פְּסוּלָהּ, אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה בְגָדִים. נִמְצְאָה חֻמְרָהּ, קֻלָּהּ. לְעוֹלָם מוֹעֲלִים בָּהּ, וּמַרְבִּין לָהּ עֵצִים, וּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ בַיּוֹם, וּבְכֹהֵן, הַמְּלָאכָה פוֹסֶלֶת בָּהּ, עַד שֶׁתֵּעָשֶׂה אֵפֶר, וְהַמְּלָאכָה פוֹסֶלֶת בַּמַּיִם, עַד שֶׁיַּטִּילוּ אֶת הָאֵפֶר: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמֵּבִיא כְּלִי חֶרֶס לְחַטָּאת, טוֹבֵל וְלָן עַל הַכִּבְשָׁן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף מִן הַבַּיִת הוּא מֵבִיא וְכָשֵׁר, שֶׁהַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים עַל הַחַטָּאת. וּבַתְּרוּמָה, פּוֹתֵחַ אֶת הַכִּבְשָׁן וְנוֹטֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִן הַסֵּדֶר הַשֵּׁנִי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִן הַסֵּדֶר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי: \n",
+ "הַמַּטְבִּיל כְּלִי לְחַטָּאת בְּמַיִם שֶׁאֵינָם רְאוּיִים לְקַדֵּשׁ, צָרִיךְ לְנַגֵּב. בְּמַיִם שֶׁהֵם רְאוּיִים לְקַדֵּשׁ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְנַגֵּב. אִם לְהוֹסִיף לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם מְקֻדָּשִׁין, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ צָרִיךְ לְנַגֵּב: \n",
+ "קֵרוּיָה שֶׁהִטְבִּילוּהָ בְמַיִם שֶׁאֵין רְאוּיִין לְקַדֵּשׁ, מְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ עַד שֶׁתִּטְמָא. נִטְמְאָה, אֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם מְקַדֵּשׁ הוּא בָהּ בַּתְּחִלָּה, אַף בַּסּוֹף יְקַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ. אִם אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ בַּסּוֹף, אַף לֹא בַתְּחִלָּה. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא יוֹסִיף לְתוֹכָהּ מַיִם מְקֻדָּשִׁים: \n",
+ "שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת שֶׁחֲתָכָהּ לְחַטָּאת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יַטְבִּיל מִיָּד. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יְטַמֵּא וְיַטְבִּיל. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לְקַדֵּשׁ, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר בְּקָטָן, וּפוֹסֵל בְּאִשָּׁה וּבְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס: \n",
+ "בְּכָל הַכֵּלִים מְקַדְּשִׁים, אֲפִלּוּ בִכְלֵי גְלָלִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, וּבִכְלֵי אֲדָמָה. וּבִסְפִינָה, מְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ. אֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין לֹא בְדָפְנוֹת הַכֵּלִים, וְלֹא בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְלֹא בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית, וְלֹא בְחָפְנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְמַלְּאִין וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין וְאֵין מַזִּין מֵי חַטָּאת אֶלָּא בְכֶלִי. אֵין מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל אֶלָּא כֵלִים, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִים מִיַּד כְּלֵי חֶרֶס אֶלָּא כֵלִים: \n",
+ "בֵּיצַת הַיּוֹצְרִים, כְּשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל. בֵּיצַת הַתַּרְנְגֹלֶת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁירִין, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין: \n",
+ "הַשֹּׁקֶת שֶׁבַּסֶּלַע, אֵין מְמַלְּאִין בָּהּ וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ וְאֵין מַזִּין מִמֶּנָּה, וְאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה צָמִיד פָּתִיל, וְאֵינָהּ פּוֹסֶלֶת אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. הָיְתָה כְלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ בְּסִיד, מְמַלְּאִין בָּהּ וּמְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ וּמַזִּין מִמֶּנָּה, וּצְרִיכָה צָמִיד פָּתִיל, וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. נִקְּבָה מִלְּמַטָּן, וּפְקָקָהּ בִּסְמַרְטוּט, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ פְּסוּלִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָן עֲגֻלִּים כֶּלִי. מִן הַצַּד וּפְקָקָהּ בִּסְמַרְטוּט, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם עֲגֻלִּים כֶּלִי. עָשׂוּ לָהּ עֲטָרָה שֶׁל טִיט, וְהָלְכוּ הַמַּיִם לְשָׁם, פְּסוּלִין. אִם הָיָה בָרִיא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל עִמָּהּ, כְּשֵׁרִים: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי שְׁקָתוֹת שֶׁבְּאֶבֶן אַחַת, קִדֵּשׁ אַחַת מֵהֶם, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבַּשְּׁנִיָּה אֵינָן מְקֻדָּשִׁין. הָיוּ נְקוּבוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ הַמַּיִם צָפִין עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן אֲפִלּוּ כִקְלִפַּת הַשּׁוּם, וְקִדֵּשׁ אֶת אַחַת מֵהֶן, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבַּשְּׁנִיָּה מְקֻדָּשִׁין: \n",
+ "שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים שֶׁהִקִּיפָן זוֹ לָזוֹ וַעֲשָׂאָן שֹׁקֶת, וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, וְכֵן הַשֹּׁקֶת שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶם אֵינָן מְקֻדָּשִׁין. עֲשָׂאָן בְּסִיד אוֹ בְגִפְסִים וְהֵן יְכוֹלוֹת לְהִנָּטֵל כְּאַחַת, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶם מְקֻדָּשִׁין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמְקַדֵּשׁ וְנָפַל הַקִּדּוּשׁ עַל יָדוֹ אוֹ עַל הַצַּד וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל עַל הַשֹּׁקֶת, פָּסוּל. נָפַל מִן הַשְּׁפוֹפֶרֶת לַשֹּׁקֶת, פָּסוּל. נָטַל מִשְּׁפוֹפֶרֶת וְכִסָּה, אוֹ שֶׁהֵגִיף אֶת הַדֶּלֶת, הַקִּדּוּשׁ כָּשֵׁר, וְהַמַּיִם פְּסוּלִים. זְקָפָהּ בָּאָרֶץ, פָּסוּל. לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, כָּשֵׁר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר: \n",
+ "הָיָה קִדּוּשׁ צָף עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטֵל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֹּל שֶׁנָּגַע בַּמַּיִם, אֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בּוֹ. זָלַף אֶת הַמַּיִם וְנִמְצָא קִדּוּשׁ מִלְּמַטָּן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, מְנַגֵּב וּמְקַדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֹּל שֶׁנָּגַע בַּמַּיִם, אֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בּוֹ: \n",
+ "הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בַּשֹּׁקֶת וְהַטְּפִי בְתוֹכָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפִּיו צַר כָּל שֶׁהוּא, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ מְקֻדָּשִׁין. אִם הָיָה סְפוֹג, הַמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ פְסוּלִים. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, יְזַלֵּף עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לַסְּפוֹג. נָגַע בַּסְּפוֹג, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַמַּיִם צָפִין עַל גַּבָּיו כָּל שֶׁהֵן, פְּסוּלִין: \n",
+ "נָתַן יָדוֹ אוֹ רַגְלוֹ אוֹ עֲלֵי יְרָקוֹת כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ הַמַּיִם לֶחָבִית, פְּסוּלִים. עֲלֵי קָנִים וַעֲלֵי אֱגוֹז, כְּשֵׁרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, פָּסוּל. וְדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "הַמְפַנֶּה אֶת הַמַּעְיָן לְתוֹךְ הַגַּת, אוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַגֵּבִים, פְּסוּלִים לַזָּבִים וְלַמְצֹרָעִים וּלְקַדֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מֵי חַטָּאת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְמַלְּאוּ בְכֶלִי: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁמִּלְאוּ חֲמִשָּׁה חָבִיּוֹת לְקַדְּשָׁן חֲמִשָּׁה קִדּוּשִׁין, וְנִמְלְכוּ לְקַדְּשָׁן קִדּוּשׁ אֶחָד, אוֹ לְקַדְּשָׁן קִדּוּשׁ אֶחָד וְנִמְלְכוּ לְקַדְּשָׁן חֲמִשָּׁה קִדּוּשִׁין, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן כְּשֵׁרִים. יָחִיד שֶׁמִּלֵּא חָמֵשׁ חָבִיּוֹת לְקַדְּשָׁן חֲמִשָּׁה קִדּוּשִׁין, וְנִמְלַךְ לְקַדְּשָׁן קִדּוּשׁ אֶחָד, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא אַחֲרוֹן. לְקַדְּשָׁן קִדּוּשׁ אֶחָד וְנִמְלַךְ לְקַדְּשָׁן חֲמִשָּׁה קִדּוּשִׁין, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא זֶה שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ רִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר לְאֶחָד, קַדֵּשׁ לְךָ אֶת אֵלּוּ, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן. קַדֵּשׁ לִי אֶת אֵלּוּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּם כְּשֵׁרִים: \n",
+ "הַמְמַלֵּא בְאַחַת יָדוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְאַחַת יָדוֹ, הַמְמַלֵּא לוֹ וּלְאַחֵר, אוֹ שֶׁמִּלֵּא לִשְׁנַיִם כְּאַחַת, שְׁנֵיהֶן פְּסוּלִין, שֶׁהַמְּלָאכָה פוֹסֶלֶת בַּמִּלּוּי, בֵּין לוֹ בֵּין לְאַחֵר: \n",
+ "הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּאַחַת יָדוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְאַחַת יָדוֹ, אִם לוֹ, פָּסוּל. וְאִם לְאַחֵר, כָּשֵׁר. הַמְקַדֵּשׁ לוֹ וּלְאַחֵר, שֶׁלּוֹ פָּסוּל, וְשֶׁל אַחֵר כָּשֵׁר. הַמְקַדֵּשׁ לִשְׁנַיִם כְּאֶחָד, שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּשֵׁרִין: \n",
+ "קַדֵּשׁ לִי וַאֲקַדֵּשׁ לָךְ, הָרִאשׁוֹן כָּשֵׁר. מַלֵּא לִי וַאֲמַלֵּא לָךְ, הָאַחֲרוֹן כָּשֵׁר. קַדֵּשׁ לִי וַאֲמַלֵּא לָךְ, שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּשֵׁרִים. מַלֵּא לִי וַאֲקַדֵּשׁ לָךְ, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּסוּלִים: \n",
+ "הַמְמַלֵּא לוֹ וּלְחַטָּאת, מְמַלֵּא אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ תְּחִלָּה וְקוֹשְׁרוֹ בָאֵסֶל וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְמַלֵּא אֶת שֶׁל חַטָּאת. וְאִם מִלֵּא שֶׁל חַטָּאת תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִלֵּא אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ, פָּסוּל. נוֹתֵן אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ לַאֲחוֹרָיו וְאֶת שֶׁל חַטָּאת לְפָנָיו. וְאִם נָתַן אֶת שֶׁל חַטָּאת לַאֲחוֹרָיו, פָּסוּל. הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן שֶׁל חַטָּאת, נוֹתֵן אֶחָד לְפָנָיו וְאֶחָד לַאֲחוֹרָיו, וְכָשֵׁר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַחֶבֶל בְּיָדוֹ לְדַרְכּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַרְכּוֹ, פָּסוּל. זֶה הָלַךְ לְיַבְנֶה שְׁלשָׁה מוֹעֲדוֹת, וּבְמוֹעֵד שְׁלִישִׁי הִכְשִׁירוּ לוֹ הוֹרָאַת שָׁעָה: \n",
+ "הַמְכַנֵּן אֶת הַחֶבֶל עַל יָד עַל יָד, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם כִּנְּנוֹ בָאַחֲרוֹנָה, פָּסוּל. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לָזֶה הִכְשִׁירוּ הוֹרָאַת שָׁעָה: \n",
+ "הַמַּצְנִיעַ אֶת הֶחָבִית שֶׁלֹּא תִשָּׁבֵר, אוֹ שֶׁכְּפָאָהּ עַל פִּיהָ עַל מְנָת לְנַגְּבָהּ לְמַלֹּאת בָּהּ, כָּשֵׁר. לְהוֹלִיךְ בָּהּ אֶת הַקִּדּוּשׁ, פָּסוּל. הַמְפַנֶּה חֲרָסִין מִתּוֹךְ הַשֹּׁקֶת בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁתַּחֲזִיק מַיִם הַרְבֵּה, כְּשֵׁרִין. וְאִם בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ מְעַכְּבִין אוֹתוֹ בְשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא זוֹלֵף אֶת הַמַּיִם, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "מִי שֶׁהָיוּ מֵימָיו עַל כְּתֵפוֹ וְהוֹרָה הוֹרָאָה, וְהֶרְאָה לַאֲחֵרִים אֶת הַדֶּרֶךְ, וְהָרַג נָחָשׁ וְעַקְרָב, וְנָטַל אֳכָלִים לְהַצְנִיעָם, פָּסוּל. אֳכָלִין לְאָכְלָן, כָּשֵׁר. הַנָּחָשׁ וְהָעַקְרָב שֶׁהָיוּ מְעַכְּבִים אוֹתוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מִשּׁוּם מְלָאכָה, בֵּין עָמַד בֵּין לֹא עָמַד, פָּסוּל. דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִשּׁוּם מְלָאכָה, עָמַד, פָּסוּל. וְאִם לֹא עָמַד, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "הַמּוֹסֵר מֵימָיו לְטָמֵא, פְּסוּלִין. וּלְטָהוֹר, כְּשֵׁרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף לְטָמֵא כְּשֵׁרִין, אִם לֹא עָשׂוּ הַבְּעָלִים מְלָאכָה: \n",
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ מְמַלְּאִין לְחַטָּאת, וְהִגְבִּיהוּ זֶה עַל זֶה וְנָטַל זֶה לָזֶה קוֹצוֹ, בְּקִדּוּשׁ אֶחָד, כָּשֵׁר. בִּשְׁנֵי קִדּוּשִׁין, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף בִּשְׁנֵי קִדּוּשִׁין כָּשֵׁר, אִם הִתְנוּ בֵינֵיהֶן: \n",
+ "הַפּוֹרֵץ עַל מְנָת לִגְדֹּר, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם גָּדַר, פָּסוּל. הָאוֹכֵל עַל מְנָת לִקְצוֹת, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם קָצָה, פָּסוּל. הָיָה אוֹכֵל וְהוֹתִיר וְזָרַק מַה שֶּׁבְּיָדוֹ לְתַחַת הַתְּאֵנָה אוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַמֻּקְצֶה בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יֹאבַד, פָּסוּל: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹמְרִים אֶת הַשֹּׁקֶת, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. טָהַר, וְנִטְמָא שֵׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאַחַת, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה אַחַד מֵהֶן מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. עָמַד, וְעָשָׂה הַשֵּׁנִי מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. עָשׂוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאֶחָד, פְּסוּלִין: \n",
+ "הַמְקַדֵּשׁ מֵי חַטָּאת, לֹא יִנְעוֹל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל. שֶׁאִם נָפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל הַסַּנְדָּל, נִטְמָא וְטִמְּאָהוּ. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי. נָפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, טָהוֹר. נָפְלוּ עַל כְּסוּתוֹ, נִטְמֵאת וְטִמְּאַתּוּ. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "הַשּׂוֹרֵף פָּרָה, וּפָרִים, וְהַמְשַׁלֵּחַ אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר, מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים. פָּרָה וּפָרִים וְשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ עַצְמָן אֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "הָאוֹכֵל מִנִּבְלַת הָעוֹף הַטָּהוֹר וְהִיא בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה, מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים. הַנְּבֵלָה עַצְמָהּ אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה בְגָדִים. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי, וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "כָּל וְלַד הַטֻּמְאוֹת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא כֵלִים, אֶלָּא מַשְׁקֶה. נִטְמָא מַשְׁקֶה, טִמְּאָן. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "אֵין כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ מְטַמֵּא חֲבֵרוֹ, אֶלָּא מַשְׁקֶה. נִטְמָא מַשְׁקֶה, טִמְּאַתּוּ. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "כָּל הַפּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַמַּשְׁקִין לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה לְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וְלִפְסֹל אֶחָד, חוּץ מִטְּבוּל יוֹם. הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאֶיךָ לֹא טִמְּאוּנִי וְאַתָּה טִמֵּאתָנִי: \n",
+ "כָּל הַיַּמִּים כְּמִקְוֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית א), וּלְמִקְוֵה הַמַּיִם קָרָא יַמִּים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל כְּמִקְוֶה, לֹא נֶאֱמַר יַמִּים, אֶלָּא שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ מִינֵי יַמִּים הַרְבֵּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַיַּמִּים מְטַהֲרִין בְּזוֹחֲלִין, וּפְסוּלִין לַזָּבִים וְלַמְצֹרָעִים וּלְקַדֵּשׁ מֵהֶן מֵי חַטָּאת: \n",
+ "הַמַּיִם הַמֻּכִּים, פְּסוּלִים. אֵלּוּ הֵן הַמֻּכִּים, הַמְּלוּחִים וְהַפּוֹשְׁרִים. הַמַּיִם הַמְכַזְּבִים, פְּסוּלִין. אֵלּוּ הֵם הַמַּיִם הַמְכַזְּבִים, הַמְכַזְּבִים אֶחָד בַּשָּׁבוּעַ. הַמְכַזְּבִים בְּפֻלְמְסָיוֹת וּבִשְׁנֵי בִצָּרוֹן, כְּשֵׁרִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל: \n",
+ "מֵי קַרְמְיוֹן וּמֵי פוּגָה, פְּסוּלִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מֵי בִצִּים. מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן וּמֵי יַרְמוּךְ, פְּסוּלִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מֵי תַעֲרֹבוֹת. וְאֵלוּ הֵן מֵי תַעֲרֹבוֹת, אֶחָד כָּשֵׁר וְאֶחָד פָּסוּל, שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ. שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּשֵׁרִין וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, כְּשֵׁרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל: \n",
+ "בְּאֵר אַחְאָב וּמְעָרַת פַּמְיָס, כְּשֵׁרָה. הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנּוּ וְשִׁנּוּיָן מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָן, כְּשֵׁרִין. אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הַבָּאָה מֵרָחוֹק, כְּשֵׁרָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּשְׁמְרֶנָּה שֶׁלֹּא יַפְסִיקֶנָּה אָדָם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הִיא בְחֶזְקַת מֻתֶּרֶת. בְּאֵר שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכָהּ חַרְסִית אוֹ אֲדָמָה, יַמְתִּין לָהּ עַד שֶׁתִּצַּל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַמְתִּין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "צְלוֹחִית שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכָהּ מַיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יַזֶּה שְׁתֵּי הַזָּיוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין. יָרַד לְתוֹכָהּ טַל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בַחַמָּה וְהַטַּל עוֹלֶה. וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין. נָפַל לְתוֹכָהּ מַשְׁקִין וּמֵי פֵרוֹת, יְעָרֶה וְצָרִיךְ לְנַגֵּב. דְּיוֹ, קוֹמוֹס, וְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רוֹשֵׁם, יְעָרֶה וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְנַגֵּב: \n",
+ "נָפַל לְתוֹכָהּ שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים וְנִתְבַּקְּעוּ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵיהֶם, פְּסוּלִין. חִפּוּשִׁית, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ פּוֹסֶלֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כִשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמְרִים, הַדִּירָה וְהַכִּנָּה שֶׁבַּתְּבוּאָה כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לֵחָה: \n",
+ "שָׁתָת מֵהֶן בְּהֵמָה אוֹ חַיָּה, פְּסוּלִין. כָּל הָעוֹפוֹת פּוֹסְלִין, חוּץ מִן הַיּוֹנָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מוֹצֶצֶת. כָּל הַשְּׁרָצִים אֵינָם פּוֹסְלִין, חוּץ מִן הַחֻלְדָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מַלֶּקֶת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנָּחָשׁ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְקִיאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעַכְבָּר: \n",
+ "הַחוֹשֵׁב עַל מֵי חַטָּאת לִשְׁתּוֹת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כְּשֶׁיַּטֶּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמַיִם שֶׁאֵינָם מְקֻדָּשִׁים. אֲבָל בְּמַיִם הַמְקֻדָּשִׁין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כְּשֶׁיַּטֶּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כְּשֶׁיִּשְׁתֶּה. וְאִם גִּרְגֵּר, כָּשֵׁר: \n",
+ "מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ, לֹא יְגַבְּלֵם בְּטִיט, שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֵׂם תַּקָּלָה לַאֲחֵרִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּטְלוּ. פָּרָה שֶׁשָּׁתָת מֵי חַטָּאת, בְּשָׂרָהּ טָמֵא מֵעֵת לְעֵת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּטְלוּ בְמֵעֶיהָ: \n",
+ "מֵי חַטָּאת וְאֵפֶר חַטָּאת, לֹא יַעֲבִירֵם בְּנָהָר וּבִסְפִינָה, וְלֹא יְשִׁיטֵם עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם, וְלֹא יַעֲמוֹד בְּצַד זֶה וְיִזְרְקֵם לְצַד זֶה. אֲבָל עוֹבֵר הוּא בַמַּיִם עַד צַוָּארוֹ. עוֹבֵר הוּא הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת וּבְיָדָיו כְּלִי רֵיקָם הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, וּבְמַיִם שֶׁאֵינָם מְקֻדָּשִׁין: \n",
+ "אֵפֶר כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּאֵפֶר מִקְלֶה, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב לְטַמֵּא, וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בּוֹ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְקַדְּשִׁין בְּכֻלָּן: \n",
+ "מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַטָּהוֹר לִתְרוּמָה, בְיָדָיו וּבְגוּפוֹ. וְאֶת הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, לֹא בְיָדָיו וְלֹא בְגוּפוֹ. נִטְמְאוּ, מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַטָּהוֹר לִתְרוּמָה בְיָדָיו וּבְגוּפוֹ. וְאֶת הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, בְּיָדָיו, אֲבָל לֹא בְגוּפוֹ: \n",
+ "אֵפֶר כָּשֵׁר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמַּיִם שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לְקַדֵּשׁ, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַטָּהוֹר לִתְרוּמָה, בְּיָדָיו וּבְגוּפוֹ. אֶת הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, לֹא בְיָדָיו וְלֹא בְגוּפוֹ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "כֹּל הָרָאוּי לִטַּמֵּא מִדְרָס, מַדָּף לְחַטָּאת, בֵּין טָמֵא בֵּין טָהוֹר. וְאָדָם, כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ. כֹּל הָרָאוּי לִטַּמֵּא טְמֵא מֵת, בֵּין טָמֵא בֵּין טָהוֹר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ מַדָּף. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מַדָּף. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַטָּמֵא, מַדָּף. וְהַטָּהוֹר, אֵינוֹ מַדָּף: \n",
+ "הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּמַדָּף, טָמֵא. לָגִין שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּמַדָּף, טָמֵא. הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּאֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים, בְּיָדוֹ, טָמֵא. וּבְרַגְלוֹ, טָהוֹר. הֱסִיטָן בְּיָדוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים: \n",
+ "קָלָל שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּשֶׁרֶץ, טָהוֹר. נְתָנוֹ עַל גַּבָּיו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. נָגַע בְּאֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין וּבְכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, טָהוֹר. נְתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים: \n",
+ "הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּתַנּוּר, בְּיָדוֹ, טָמֵא. וּבְרַגְלוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבֵּי תַנּוּר וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ חוּץ לַתַּנּוּר, וְהַלָּגִין בְּתוֹכוֹ, וְכֵן הָאֵסֶל שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל גַּבֵּי הַתַּנּוּר וּבוֹ שְׁנֵי קְלָלוֹת, אֶחָד מִכָּאן וְאֶחָד מִכָּאן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "הָיָה עוֹמֵד חוּץ לַתַּנּוּר וּפָשַׁט יָדָיו לַחַלּוֹן וְנָטַל אֶת הַלָּגִין וְהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַתַּנּוּר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אֲבָל עוֹמֵד הוּא הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת עַל גַּבֵּי תַנּוּר וּבְיָדוֹ כְּלִי רֵיקָן הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, וּבְמַיִם שֶׁאֵין מְקֻדָּשִׁין: \n",
+ "לָגִין שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּשֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁל חַטָּאת, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טְהוֹרִין. שְׁנֵיהֶן בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, שְׁנֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. שְׁנֵיהֶם בִּשְׁנֵי נְיָרוֹת, שְׁנֵיהֶם טְהוֹרִים. שֶׁל חַטָּאת בִּנְיָר וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בְּיָדוֹ, שְׁנֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין. שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בִּנְיָר וְשֶׁל חַטָּאת בְּיָדוֹ, שְׁנֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל חַטָּאת, טָמֵא. הָיוּ נְתוּנִין עַל גַּבֵּי הָאָרֶץ וְנָגַע בָּהֶם, שֶׁל חַטָּאת, טָמֵא. שֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טְהוֹרִים. הֱסִיטָן, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "צְלוֹחִית שֶׁהִנִּיחָהּ מְגֻלָּה, וּבָא וּמְצָאָהּ מְכֻסָּה, פְּסוּלָה. הִנִּיחָהּ מְכֻסָּה וּבָא וּמְצָאָהּ מְגֻלָּה, אִם יְכוֹלָה הַחֻלְדָּה לִשְׁתּוֹת הֵימֶנָּה, אוֹ נָחָשׁ לְדִבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אוֹ שֶׁיָּרַד בָּהּ טַל בַּלַּיְלָה, פְּסוּלָה. הַחַטָּאת אֵינָהּ נִצּוֹלָה בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל. וּמַיִם שֶׁאֵינָן מְקֻדָּשִׁין נִצּוֹלִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל: \n",
+ "כָּל הַסְּפֵק טָהוֹר לִתְרוּמָה, טָהוֹר לְחַטָּאת. כָּל הַתָּלוּי לִתְרוּמָה, נִשְׁפָּךְ לְחַטָּאת. אִם עָשׂוּ עַל גַּבָּיו טָהֳרוֹת, תְּלוּיוֹת. הָרְפָפוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת לְקֹדֶשׁ וְלִתְרוּמָה וּלְחַטָּאת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָרְעָדוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת לְחַטָּאת: \n",
+ "דְּבֵלָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ מֵי חַטָּאת וּנְטָלָהּ וַאֲכָלָהּ, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כַּבֵּיצָה, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה, הַמַּיִם טְמֵאִין, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ חַיָּב מִיתָה. אֵין בָּהּ כַּבֵּיצָה, הַמַּיִם טְהוֹרִין, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ חַיָּב מִיתָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בִּטְהוֹרָה, הַמַּיִם טְהוֹרִים. הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ לְתוֹךְ מֵי חַטָּאת, נִטְמָא: \n",
+ "כֹּל הַטָּעוּן בִּיאַת מַיִם מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶת הַתְּרוּמָה וְאֶת הַחֻלִּין וְאֶת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וְאָסוּר עַל בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. לְאַחַר בִּיאָתוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פּוֹסֵל בַּקֹּדֶשׁ וּבַתְּרוּמָה, וּמֻתָּר בַּחֻלִּין וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר. וְאִם בָּא אֶל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, בֵּין לִפְנֵי בִיאָתוֹ בֵּין לְאַחַר בִּיאָתוֹ, חַיָּב: \n",
+ "כֹּל הַטָּעוּן בִּיאַת מַיִם מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וּמֻתָּר בַּחֻלִּין וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. לְאַחַר בִּיאָתוֹ, מֻתָּר בְּכֻלָּן. וְאִם בָּא אֶל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, בֵּין לִפְנֵי בִיאָתוֹ וּבֵין לְאַחַר בִּיאָתוֹ, פָּטוּר: \n",
+ "כֹּל הַטָּעוּן בִּיאַת מַיִם, בֵּין מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה בֵּין מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, מְטַמֵּא אֶת מֵי חַטָּאת וְאֶת אֵפֶר חַטָּאת וְאֶת הַמַּזֶּה מֵי חַטָּאת, בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. הָאֵזוֹב הַמֻּכְשָׁר, וְהַמַּיִם שֶׁאֵינָן מְקֻדָּשִׁים, וּכְלִי רֵיקָם הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת, בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּמַגָּע אֲבָל לֹא בְמַשָּׂא: \n",
+ "כָּל אֵזוֹב שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם לְוַי, פָּסוּל. אֵזוֹב זֶה, כָּשֵׁר. אֵזוֹב יָוָן, אֵזוֹב כּוֹחֲלִית, אֵזוֹב רוֹמִי, אֵזוֹב מִדְבָּרִי, פָּסוּל. וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, פָּסוּל. וְשֶׁל טְהוֹרָה, לֹא יַזֶּה. וְאִם הִזָּה, כָּשֵׁר. אֵין מַזִּין לֹא בְיוֹנְקוֹת, וְלֹא בִתְמָרוֹת. אֵין חַיָּבִין עַל הַיּוֹנְקוֹת עַל בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא עַל הַתְּמָרוֹת. אֵלּוּ הֵן הַיּוֹנְקוֹת, גִּבְעוֹלִין שֶׁלֹּא גָמָלוּ: \n",
+ "אֵזוֹב שֶׁהִזָּה בוֹ, כָּשֵׁר לְטַהֵר בּוֹ אֶת הַמְּצֹרָע. לִקְּטוֹ לְעֵצִים וְנָפְלוּ עָלָיו מַשְׁקִין, מְנַגְּבוֹ וְהוּא כָשֵׁר. לִקְּטוֹ לְאֳכָלִין וְנָפְלוּ עָלָיו מַשְׁקִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְּבוֹ, פָּסוּל. לִקְּטוֹ לְחַטָּאת, כִּמְלֻקָּט לְאֳכָלִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, כִּמְלֻקָּט לְעֵצִים: \n",
+ "מִצְוַת אֵזוֹב, שְׁלשָׁה קְלָחִים וּבָהֶם שְׁלשָׁה גִבְעוֹלִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל שְׁלשָׁה שְׁלשָׁה. אֵזוֹב שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה קְלָחִים, מְפַסְּגוֹ וְאוֹגְדוֹ. פִּסְּגוֹ וְלֹא אֲגָדוֹ, אֲגָדוֹ וְלֹא פִסְּגוֹ, לֹא פִסְּגוֹ וְלֹא אֲגָדוֹ, כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִצְוַת אֵזוֹב, שְׁלשָׁה קְלָחִים, וּבָהֶם שְׁלשָׁה גִבְעוֹלִים, וּשְׁיָרָיו שְׁנַיִם, וְגַרְדֻּמָּיו כָּל שֶׁהוּא: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הָאֵזוֹב הַקָּצָר, מְסַפְּקוֹ בְחוּט וּבְכוּשׁ, וְטוֹבֵל וּמַעֲלֶה, וְאוֹחֵז בָּאֵזוֹב וּמַזֶּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַזָּיָה בָאֵזוֹב, כָּךְ טְבִילָה בָאֵזוֹב: \n",
+ "הִזָּה, סָפֵק מִן הַחוּט, סָפֵק מִן הַכּוּשׁ, סָפֵק מִן הַגִּבְעוֹל, הַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. הִזָּה עַל שְׁנֵי כֵלִים, סָפֵק עַל שְׁנֵיהֶם הִזָּה, סָפֵק מֵחֲבֵרוֹ מִצָּה עָלָיו, הַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. מַחַט שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל הַחֶרֶס, וְהִזָּה עָלֶיהָ, סָפֵק עַל הַמַּחַט הִזָּה, סָפֵק מִן הַחֶרֶס מִצָּה עָלֶיהָ, הַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. צְלוֹחִית שֶׁפִּיהָ צַר, טוֹבֵל וּמַעֲלֶה כְדַרְכּוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַזָּיָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְמַעֲטוּ, טוֹבֵל אֲפִלּוּ רָאשֵׁי גִבְעוֹלִין וּמַזֶּה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְסַפֵּג. נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַזּוֹת לְפָנָיו וְהִזָּה לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרָיו וְהִזָּה לְפָנָיו, הַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. לְפָנָיו, וְהִזָּה עַל הַצְּדָדִין שֶׁלְּפָנָיו, הַזָּיָתוֹ כְשֵׁרָה. מַזִּין עַל הָאָדָם מִדַּעְתּוֹ וְשֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ. מַזִּין עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַכֵּלִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה: \n",
+ "נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהַזּוֹת עַל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה וְהִזָּה עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, אִם יֵשׁ בָּאֵזוֹב, לֹא יִשְׁנֶה. עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, וְהִזָּה עַל דָּבָר שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, אִם יֵשׁ בָּאֵזוֹב, יִשְׁנֶה. עַל הָאָדָם, וְהִזָּה עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, אִם יֵשׁ בָּאֵזוֹב, לֹא יִשְׁנֶה. עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, וְהִזָּה עַל הָאָדָם, אִם יֵשׁ בָּאֵזוֹב, יִשְׁנֶה. הַמַּיִם הַמְנַטְּפִים, כְּשֵׁרִים. לְפִיכָךְ הֵם מְטַמְּאִין לְשֵׁם מֵי חַטָּאת: \n",
+ "הַמַּזֶּה מֵחַלּוֹן שֶׁל רַבִּים וְנִכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְנִמְצְאוּ הַמַּיִם פְּסוּלִים, פָּטוּר. מֵחַלּוֹן שֶׁל יָחִיד וְנִכְנַס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְנִמְצְאוּ הַמַּיִם פְּסוּלִין, חַיָּב. אֲבָל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, בֵּין מֵחַלּוֹן שֶׁל יָחִיד בֵּין מֵחַלּוֹן שֶׁל רַבִּים, פָּטוּר, שֶׁאֵין כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל חַיָּב עַל בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. מַחֲלִיקִין הָיוּ לִפְנֵי חַלּוֹן שֶׁל רַבִּים וְדוֹרְסִין וְלֹא נִמְנָעִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁעָשׂוּ מִצְוָתָן, אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין: \n",
+ "אוֹחֵז הוּא הַטָּהוֹר בַּקַּרְדֹּם הַטָּמֵא בִּכְנָפוֹ, וּמַזֶּה עָלָיו. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, טָהוֹר. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בַמַּיִם וְיִהְיֶה בָהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה. כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּטְבִּיל רָאשֵׁי גִבְעוֹלִין וְיַזֶּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, רוֹאִים אוֹתָם כְּאִלּוּ הֵן עַל אֵזוֹב שֶׁל נְחשֶׁת: \n",
+ "הַמַּזֶּה בְאֵזוֹב טָמֵא, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הַמַּיִם פְּסוּלִים, וְהַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. אֵין בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הַמַּיִם כְּשֵׁרִים, וְהַזָּיָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. וּמְטַמֵּא אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה: \n",
+ "הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ יָדָיו, נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ, וּמְטַמֵּא אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה: \n",
+ "לָגִין שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו, נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ, וּמְטַמֵּא אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן מֵאָה. הַזּוֹג וְהָעִנְבָּל, חִבּוּר. כּוּשׁ שֶׁל רוֹבָן, לֹא יַזֶּה לֹא עַל הַכּוּשׁ וְלֹא עַל הַפִּיקָה. וְאִם הִזָּה, מֻזֶּה. שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן, חִבּוּר. עוֹר שֶׁל עֲרִיסָה שֶׁהוּא מְחֻבָּר לַפִּיקוֹת, חִבּוּר. הַמַּלְבֵּן, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לֹא לְטֻמְאָה וְלֹא לְטָהֳרָה. כָּל יְדוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַקְּדוּחוֹת, חִבּוּר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף הַחֲרוּקוֹת: \n",
+ "הַסַּלִּים שֶׁבַּקַּנְתָּל, וְהַמִּטָּה שֶׁל טַרְבָּל, וְקֶרֶן שֶׁל כְּלִיבָה, וּקְרָנִין שֶׁל יוֹצְאֵי דְרָכִים, וְשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת הַמַּפְתְּחוֹת, וּשְׁלַל הַכּוֹבְסִים, וְהַבֶּגֶד שֶׁהוּא תָפוּר בְּכִלְאַיִם, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לַהַזָּיָה: \n",
+ "כִּסּוּי מֵחַם שֶׁהוּא מְחֻבָּר לְשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לַהַזָּיָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הִזָּה עַל הַמֵּחַם, הֻזָּה הַכִּסּוּי. הִזָּה עַל הַכִּסּוּי, לֹא הֻזָּה הַמֵּחָם. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לְהַזּוֹת, חוּץ מִטֻּמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס וְהָאִשָּׁה. וְתִינוֹק שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ דַעַת, הָאִשָּׁה מְסַעַדְתּוֹ וּמַזֶּה, וְאוֹחֶזֶת לוֹ בַמַּיִם וְהוּא טוֹבֵל וּמַזֶּה. אִם אָחֲזָה בְיָדוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ בִשְׁעַת הַזָּיָה, פָּסוּל: \n",
+ "טָבַל אֶת הָאֵזוֹב בַּיּוֹם וְהִזָּה בַיּוֹם, כָּשֵׁר. בַּיּוֹם וְהִזָּה בַלַּיְלָה, בַּלַּיְלָה וְהִזָּה בַיּוֹם, פָּסוּל. אֲבָל הוּא עַצְמוֹ טוֹבֵל בַּלַּיְלָה וּמַזֶּה בַיּוֹם, שֶׁאֵין מַזִּין עַד שֶׁתָּנֵץ הַחַמָּה. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁעָשׂוּ מִשֶּׁעָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, כָּשֵׁר: \n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c08a964aaa8ab5c9c9014c2d83bdde0044f974ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/etm/index.htm",
+ "versionTitle": "Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "שמונה עשרה מסכתות משנה",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "David Aaron Sola and Morris Jacob Raphall, 1845",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "A quarter [of a log, a specific unit of volume] of water is to be poured onto the hands, for [the ritual washing of the hands for] one person, and even for two. Half of a log [is to be poured from] for three or four. And from [a vessel containing] one log [of water], five or ten or even one hundred [people may wash their hands]. Rabbi Yose says: but only provided there not be less than a quarter [of a log remaining] for the last one of them [to wash]. One may add [water, by pouring it onto the hands past where it had fallen] on the second [pouring of water; i.e. on a third pouring, one can pour past where the waters fell on the second pouring]. But one may not add on the first [pouring; i.e. on the second pouring, one may not pour past where the waters fell on the first pouring]. ",
+ "One may pour [water for washing] onto the hands from all [kinds of] vessels, even from vessels of bovine dung, from vessels of stone, or from earthen vessels. One may not pour [water for washing] onto the hands out of the sides of vessels [i.e. from vessel fragments], nor using the [broken off] bottom of a large jug, nor using the bung of a cask, nor may one pour [water] onto [the hands of] his fellow out of the hollow of his [own] hand, since one may only fill, sanctify, or sprinkle the chatat waters [the waters containing the ashes of the red heifer, used as part of the purification ritual] with a vessel, nor may one take them into one's hands. And nothing can be preserved [from being rendered impure, in cases of an impurity caused by being overshadowed by an enclosed area containing an Origin of impurity] by means of a tight seal [which can sometimes protect against an overshadowing impurity], unless it is [contained within] a [whole] vessel. And something can only be preserved from [being rendered impure by an impure object contained beside it within] an earthenware vessel if it is itself a vessel.",
+ "Regarding waters which have become unfit for animals to drink, if they are in [any kind of] vessels, they are invalid [for washing one's hands]; and if they are in the ground [i.e. in a ditch], they are valid [for washing with them, by immersing one's hands in them]. If ink, sap, or metallic dye fall into them and change their appearance, they are invalid [i.e. the waters are invalid for washing]. If they had been used for any occupation, or if one soaked one's bread in them, they are invalid. Shimon, the Teimani said: even if one intended to soak [one's bread] in these [waters], and it fell into those [waters instead], they are valid [for washing].",
+ "If one rinsed vessels in them, or if one cleaned out measuring vessels with them, they [i.e. the waters used] are invalid. If one rinsed out [already] rinsed or new vessels, they are valid [i.e. the waters are valid to be used for washing]. Rabbi Yose invalidates [the waters] regarding new ones.",
+ "Waters into which the baker has dipped [unbaked] rolls are invalid. And when he [instead] rinses his hands in them [and then splashes the rolls with water from his hands], they are valid [i.e. the waters in which he rinsed his hands]. Anyone is valid to pour onto the hands [of another person, in order to wash them], even a deaf-mute, shoteh, or a minor. A man may place a cask between his knees to pour [the water over his hands, to wash them], or tip a barrel onto its side and pour [onto his hands]. An ape may pour [water for washing] onto one's hands. Rabbi Yose considers these two [i.e. tipping a barrel or using an ape] to be invalid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If one poured [water] onto one of his hands in one washing [i.e. pouring only once], his hand is pure. If [one poured] onto both of his hands in one washing, Rabbi Meir considers them impure until one pours [onto one's hands, in one pouring,] a quarter [of a log, a specific unit of volume, of water]. If a loaf of terumah [a portion of a crop given to a priest, which can only be consumed by priests or their household] falls into them [i.e. into the quarter log of waters which one washed one's hands with] it is pure. Rabbi Yose considers it impure.",
+ "Regarding one who poured out the first [waters poured for washing] onto one place [i.e. the waters fell onto a certain area on the ground], and the second [waters poured for washing] onto another place, if a loaf of terumah falls into the first [waters], it is impure; and if [it falls] into the second [waters], it is pure. Regarding one who poured out the first and the second [waters] onto one place, if a loaf of terumah falls [into those waters], it is impure. If one poured out the first [waters], and finds [afterwards] a splinter or a pebble on his hands, his hands are impure [if he poured the second waters before removing them], since the latter [i.e. the second] waters only purify the waters on the hand [but not the waters on the splinter or pebble, which can then, in turn, render the hand impure once more]. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says: anything produced from the water is pure [i.e. does not prevent hands from becoming pure if it is on them while they are being washed].",
+ "The hands may be rendered impure or pure up to the wrist. How so? If one poured the first [pouring] up to the wrist, and the second [pouring] beyond the wrist, and they [i.e. some of the waters flowed down and] ran back onto the hand, it is pure. If one poured the first and the second [pourings of water] beyond the wrist, and they ran back onto the hand, it is impure. If one poured the first over one hand, and then changed his mind and poured the second over both hands, they are impure. If one poured the first over both hands, and then changed his mind and poured the second over one hand, his hand is pure. If one poured over one hand, and then rubbed it against its fellow [hand], it is impure. If [one rubbed it] against one's head, or against a wall, it is pure. Four or five [people] may pour [water over their hands to wash them] alongside one another or [when their hands are] above one another, provided they be loose, so the waters can enter into them.",
+ "If there is an uncertainty as to whether they [i.e. the waters which one used to wash one's hands] have been used for any occupation or have not been used for any occupation, or an uncertainty as to whether they contained the required measure [for washing] or did not contain the required measure, or an uncertainty as to whether they were impure or pure [waters], their uncertainties [in all these cases] are pure, since they [i.e. the Sages] said: The uncertainty of hands regarding whether they can be rendered impure, or render impurity, or be rendered pure, is pure [i.e. in all those circumstances of uncertainty they are assumed to be pure]. Rabbi Yose says: regarding [the uncertainty as to] whether they can be rendered pure, they are impure. How so? If one's hands were pure, and before him are two impure loaves, and there is an uncertainty as to whether he touched or did not touch [the impure loaf]; or if one's hands were impure, and before him are two pure loaves, and there is an uncertainty as to whether he touched or did not touch [either of the loaves]; or if one of one's hands was impure and the other pure, and before him are two pure loaves, and he touched one of them, and there is an uncertainty as to whether he touched with the impure [hand] or with the pure one; or if one's hands were pure, and before him are two loaves, one impure and one pure, and he touched one of them, and there is an uncertainty as to whether he touched the impure one or the pure one; or if one of one's hands was impure and one pure, and before him are two loaves, one impure and one pure, and he touched both of them, and there is an uncertainty as to whether [he touched] the impure [loaf] with the impure [hand] and the pure [loaf] with the pure [hand], or the pure [loaf] with the impure [hand] and the impure [loaf] with the pure [hand]. The hands [in all of these cases of uncertainty] are as they were [i.e. with regard to their purity status, remaining either pure or impure], and the loaves [as well] are as they were."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If one's hand enters into a blighted house [i.e. a leperous house], the hands are [rendered to be of a] primary [degree of impurity], according to Rabbi Akiva. And the Sages say: the hands are [rendered with a] secondary [degree of impurity]. Anything that renders garments impure instantly upon contact, renders the hands to be of a primary [degree of] impurity, according to Rabbi Akiva. And the Sages say: [it renders the hands] to be [of a] secondary [degree of impurity]. They said to Rabbi Akiva, \"Where is there any place that we find that the hands are [rendered impure in a] primary [degree]?\" He said to them, \"And how [else] is it possible that they can be rendered [impure in a] primary [degree] without one's body having been rendered impure, except in this instance!\" Food items and vessels which were rendered impure by liquids, render the hands to be of a secondary [degree of] impurity, according to Rabbi Yehoshua. And the Sages say: that which was rendered impure by an Origin of impurity renders the hands impure; [and that which was rendered impure] by a derivative impurity does not render the hands impure. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel said, \"It happened that a woman came before my father, and said to him, 'My hands entered into the air-space of an [impure] earthenware vessel.' He said to her, 'My daughter, through what was its impurity [caused]?' But I did not hear what she said to him.\" The Sages said, \"The matter is elucidated: that which was rendered impure by an Origin of impurity renders the hands impure; [and that which was rendered impure] by a derivative impurity does not render the hands impure.\"",
+ "Anything that invalidates terumah [a portion of a crop which must be given to a priest, and can only be consumed by priests or their household] renders the hands to be of a secondary [degree of] impurity. One hand renders its fellow [hand] impure, according to Rabbi Yehoshua. And the Sages say: something [of a] secondary [degree of impurity] cannot render something to be [of a] secondary [degree of impurity]. He said to them: Are not sacred scriptures [of a] secondary [degree of impurity], and they render hands to be impure [with a secondary degree of impurity]!? They said to him: we cannot infer Words of Torah [i.e. laws in the written Torah] from Words of Scholars [i.e. laws in the oral Torah], nor Words of Scholars from Words of Torah, nor Words of Scholars from Words of Scholars.",
+ "Tefillin straps with the Tefillin render the hands impure. Rabbi Shimon says: Tefillin straps do not render the hands impure.",
+ "The margins in a book [i.e. a Torah scroll], those at the top and those at the bottom and those at the beginning and at the end [of the scroll], render the hands impure. Rabbi Yose says: that [margin] which is at the end does not render the hands impure until a pole [i.e. a roller] is fashioned for it.",
+ "A book [i.e. a Torah scroll] which was erased leaving only eighty-five letters in it, like the portion of (Numbers 10:35-36), \"And it was when the Ark was raised...,\" renders the hands impure. A scroll on which are written eighty-five letters, like the portion of, \"And it was when the Ark was raised...,\" renders the hands impure. All sacred scriptures render the hands impure. The Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes render the hands impure. Rabbi Yehudah says: The Song of Songs renders the hands impure, but there is a dispute regarding Ecclesiastes. Rabbi Yose says: Ecclesiastes does not render the hands impure, and there is a dispute regarding The Song of Songs. Rabbi Shimon says: Ecclesiastes is among the [relative] leniencies of Beit Shammai, and the [relative] stringencies of Beit Hillel. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said, \"I have a recieved tradition from the mouths of seventy-two elders, on the day they inducted Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria into his seat [as head] at the Academy, that The Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes render the hands impure.\" Rabbi Akiva said, \"Mercy forbid! No one in Israel ever disputed that The Song of Songs renders the hands impure, since nothing in the entire world is worthy but for that day on which The Song of Songs was given to Israel; for all the Scriptures are holy, but The Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies! And if they did dispute, there was only a dispute regarding Ecclesiastes.\" Rabbi Yochanan ben Yehoshua, the son of Rabbi Akiva's father-in-law, said, \"In accordance with words of Ben Azzai, thus did they dispute, and thus did they conclude.\""
+ ],
+ [
+ "On that very day [on which Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria was inducted into his seat as head at the Academy], they voted and concluded regarding a trough for [the washing of] feet, [capable of containing] between two log [a specific measure of volume] to nine kav [a specific measure of volume, equivalent to four log, that if it became cracked it may [still] be rendered impure with midras impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain types of impure individuals, rendering something an origin of impurity]. For Rabbi Akiva [contrary to the conclusion reached that day] says: a trough for feet is as its name indicates [i.e. even though a cracked trough could technically be used to sit upon, its utility with regard to whether or not in can be rendered impure is determined by whether it can still be used for washing one's feet].",
+ "On that very day they said: \"All offerings which were offered not for their own sake [i.e. but rather with some other intention] are valid, only they are not counted to absolve the owners from their obligation, with the exception of the paschal offering and the sin-offering; [this is true of] the paschal offering in its [designated] time, and the sin-offering at all times. Rabbi Eliezar says: and even the guilt-offering [is an exception]; the paschal sacrifice in its [designated] time, and the sin-offering and the guilt-offering at all times. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: \"I have a recieved tradition from the mouths of seventy-two elders, on the day they inducted Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria into his seat [as head] at the Academy, that all offerings which may [generally] be eaten and which have been offered not for their own sake [i.e. but rather with some other intention] are valid, only they are not counted to absolve the owners from their obligation, with the exception of the paschal offering and the sin-offering.\" Ben Azzai [by limiting the statement to offerings which may be eaten] only added the burnt-offering [as an exception], and the Sages did not concede to him.",
+ "On that very day they said: What is the status [of the lands] of Ammon and Moav on the Seventh [the Sabbatical year of agrarian rest]? Rabbi Tarphon decreed: [those residing in those lands must pay] tithes for the poor. And Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria decreed: [they must bring] ma'aser sheini [the second tithe of produce, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there]. Rabbi Yishmael said, \"Elazar ben Azaria, the onus is upon you to prove your assertion, for you rule stringently, and anyone who rules more stringently, the onus is upon him to bring proof!\" Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria said to him, \"Yishmael, my brother, I have not deviated from the regular order of the years [with regard to the series indicating which tithes one is obligated to bring each year], but my brother Tarphon has deviated, therefore the onus to bring proof rests upon him!\" Rabbi Tarphon responded, \"Egypt is outside of the land [of Israel], and Ammon and Moav are outside of the land [of Israel]; just as Egypt [has a requirement that its inhabitants pay] tithes for the poor during the Seventh [the Sabbatical year], so too Ammon and Moav [should require their inhabitant to likewise pay] tithes for the poor during the Seventh.\" Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria responded, \"Babylon is outside of the land [of Israel], and Ammon and Moav are outside of the land [of Israel]; just as Babylon [pays] ma'aser sheni during the Seventh, so too Ammon and Moav [should likewise pay] ma'aser sheini during the Seventh.\" Rabbi Tarphon said, \"Egypt, being near [to the land of Israel], was made [to require the payment of] tithes for the poor, so that the poor of Israel may be supported by it during the Seventh; so too Ammon and Moav, which are near [the land of Israel], are made [to require the payment of] tithes for the poor, so that the poor of Israel may be supported by them during the Seventh.\" Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria said to him, \"You thereby are like one who provides them with increased money, yet truly only loses souls! Would you defraud the heavens from sending down neither dew nor rain, as it is said (Malachi 3:8), 'Shall a man defraud God? For you have defrauded Me. Yet you say: Through what have we defrauded You? Through tithes and terumah.'\" Rabbi Yehoshua said, \"I will thereby respond as to my brother Tarphon [i.e. expanding on his reasoning], although not regarding the [specific] matter of which he spoke: [the decree regarding the status of] Egypt is a new enactment, [whereas that regarding] Babylon is an old enactment, and the matter in question before us is a new enactment; let a conclusion regarding a new enactment be drawn from a new enactment, and do not let a conclusion regarding a new enactment be drawn from an old enactment! [Moreover, the decree regarding the status of] Egypt is an enactment of the elders, [whereas that regarding] Babylon is an enactment of the prophets, and the matter in question before us is an enactment of the elders; let a conclusion regarding an enactment of the elders be drawn from an enactment of the elders, and do not let a conclusion regarding an enactment of the elders be drawn from an enactment of the prophets!\" They [the Sages] voted and concluded: [The lands of] Ammon and Moav must tithe the tithes for the poor during the Seventh. When Rabbi Yose ben Durmaskit came to Rabbi Eliezer in Lod, he said to him, \"What innovative idea was there among you in the Beit Midrash today?\" He said to him, \"They voted and concluded that Ammon and Moav must tithe the tithes for the poor during the Seventh.\" Rabbi Eliezer wept and exclaimed, (Psalms 25:14) \"'The secrets of the Lord are for those who fear Him, and His covenant to be made known to them!' Go forth and tell them, 'Think nothing of your vote! I have a received tradition from Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, who heard it from his rabbi, and his rabbi from his rabbi, up to the law of Moshe from Sinai, that Ammon and Moab tithe the tithes for the poor during the Seventh.'\"",
+ "On that very day, Yehuda, an Ammonite convert, came and stood before them in the Beit Midrash, and said to them, \"What is my status with regard to whether I can enter [via marriage] into the congregation [of Israel]?\" Rabban Gamliel said to him, \"You are prohibited.\" Rabbi Yehoshua said to him, \"You are permitted.\" Rabban Gamliel said to him, \"The verse says, (Deuteronomy 23:4) 'An Ammonite and a Moavite may not enter into the congregation of the Lord, even to the tenth generation,' and so forth.\" Rabbi Yehoshua said to him, \"And are the Ammonites or Moavites still [dwelling] in their own place? Sancheriv, king of Assyria, already arose and blended all the nations, as the verse says, (Isaiah 10:13) 'I have removed the borders of nations, and I have plundered their treasures, and like a great warrior laid low the inhabitants.'\" Rabban Gamliel said to him, \"The verse [also] states, (Jeremiah 49:6) 'And afterwards I shall return the captives of the children of Ammon,' and they are already returned.\" Rabbi Yehoshua said to him, \"The verse [also] states, (Amos 9:14) 'And I shall return the captives of my nation Israel,' [and Judah], and they are not yet returned.\" They [the Sages, subsequently] permitted him [the Ammonite convert] to enter into the congregation.",
+ "The [Aramaic] translations which are in [the books of] Ezra and Daniel render the hands impure. [Aramaic] translations written in Hebrew, and Hebrew written in translation or in [ancient] Hebrew characters, do not render the hands impure. They [i.e. sacred Scriptures] never render impurity, unless they are written in Assyrian [i.e. square] characters, on parchment, and with ink.",
+ "The Sadducees say: We denounce you, Pharisees! For you say that holy Scriptures render the hands impure, but the books of Homer [literally: Hameiras, i.e. secular books] do not render the hands impure. Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai said \"And is this alone all we have [to object to] over Pharisees? For they also say that the bones of a donkey are pure, but the bones of Yochanan the high priest are impure.\" They [the Sadducees] said to him, \"In accordance with their love is their impurity, so that one does not fashion the bones of his father or his mother into spoons.\" He said to them, \"So too regarding the sacred Scriptures; in accordance with their love is their impurity; and the books Homer, which are not beloved, do not render the hands impure.\"",
+ "The Sadducees say: We denounce you, Pharisees, for you declare pure the stream [which flows when a liquid is poured from a clean vessel into an unclean one]! The Pharisees say: We denounce you, Sadducees, for you declare pure a channel of water which flows from a cemetery! The Sadducees say: We denounce you, Pharisees, for you say, if my ox or my donkey cause any damage, I am liable [to compensate], but if my manservant or maidservant cause any damage, I am exempt [from compensating]! Just as with regard to my ox and my donkey, with which I am not obligated to perform any mitzvot, and I am thereby [still] liable [to compensate] for damages, does it not follow with regard to my manservant or maidservant, with whom I am obligated to perform mitzvot, that I should be liable [to compensate] for damages [which they cause]?! They [the Pharisees] said to them, \"No. If [i.e. just because] you stated this [law] with regard to my ox or my donkey, which do not have cognitive capabilities, would you say this with regard to my manservant or maidservant who do have cognitive capabilities?!\" For [if that logical leap is made], if I offend [one of] them, he may go and set fire to another's [grain] pile, and I will be liable to pay for damages!\"",
+ "A Galilean Sadducee said, \"I denounce you, Pharisees, for you inscribe [the name of] the sovereign alongside [the name of] Moshe on a bill of divorce! The Pharisees say: We denounce you, Galilean Sadducee, for you inscribe [the name of] the sovereign alongside the [Divine] Name on the [same] page! And not only that, but you inscribe [the name of] the sovereign on the top, and the [Divine] Name on the bottom, as the verse states, (Exodus 5:2) \"And Pharaoh said, 'Who is the Lord that I should hearken to his voice to release Israel?'\" And what did he says when he was smitten by [by the plagues]? (Exodus 9:11) \"The Lord is the Righteous One.\""
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json" "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fbb6dc980d0818946a798b56d3012739fce5120
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher \303\234bersetzung und Erkl\303\244rung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json"
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.talmud.de/tlmd/die-deutsche-mischna-uebersetzung",
+ "versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
+ "priority": 0.5,
+ "versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.
Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.
Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.
Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.
Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.
Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "Ein Viertel Wasser gibt man auf die Hände für eine, auch für zwei (Personen) ein halbes Log für drei oder vier, von einem Log für fünf und zehn und hundert. R. Jose sagt: Nur darf es für den letzten von ihnen nicht weniger als ein Viertel sein. Man darf zum zweiten (Wasser) hinzufügen, aber man darf zum ersten nicht hinzufügen.",
+ "Mit allen Gefäßen darf man (Wasser) auf die Hände geben, sogar mit Gefäßen aus Mist, aus Stein und aus Erde. Man darf auf die Hände weder mit den Wänden von Gefäßen, noch mit dem Boden eines Zobers, noch mit dem Spund des Fasses geben. Man darf einen anderen (das Wasser auf die Hände) nicht mit den hohlen Händen geben, weil man das Entsündigungswasser nur mit einem Gefäße füllen, weihen und sprengen darf und (Wasser) über die Hände (nur mit einem Gefäß) geben darf. Auch schützen nur Gefäße mittels des fest anschließenden Deckels, wie auch nur Gefäße vor (der Unreinheit) eines irdenen Gefäßes schützen.",
+ "Das Wasser, das zum Trinken des Viehes unbrauchbar wurde, in Gefäßen, ist untauglich, aber im Boden, ist tauglich. Fiel Tinte, Gummi oder Vitriol hinein und seine Färbung veränderte sich, so ist es untauglich. Hatte man mit ihm eine Arbeit ausgeführt, oder sein Brot darin eingeweicht, so ist es untauglich. Simon der Temani sagt: auch wenn er beabsichtigte, (das Brot) in dem einen (Gefäß) einzuweichen, es fiel aber in das andere, ist (das Wasser) tauglich.",
+ "Hatte man mit (dem Wasser) Gefäße abgespült oder Maßgefäße ausgewischt, so ist es untauglich. Hatte man mit ihm (bereits) abgespülte Gefäße oder neue abgespült, so ist es tauglich. R. Jose erklärt es bei neuen (Gefäßen) für untauglich.",
+ "Das Wasser, in das der Bäcker die Brote eintaucht, ist untauglich, aber das, in dem er seine Hände nass macht, ist tauglich. Alle sind tauglich, (Wasser) über die Hände zu geben, sogar ein Taubstummer, ein Irrsinniger und ein Unmündiger. Man darf ein Fass zwischen seine Kniee legen und (die Hände) übergießen oder zur Seite neigen und übergießen. Der Affe darf die Hände übergießen. R. Jose erklärt in diesen beiden Fällen (das Übergießen) für untauglich."
+ ],
+ [
+ "Hatte man sich eine Hand mit einem Guss übergossen, so ist seine Hand rein. Beide Hände mit einem Guss, da erklärt R. Meir für unrein, bis er mit einem Viertel übergießt. Fiel ein Laib von Priesterhebe (hinein), so bleibt er rein. R. Jose erklärt (ihn) für unrein.",
+ "Hatte er das erste (Wasser) an eine Stelle übergossen und das zweite an eine andere, und ein Laib von Priesterhebe fiel auf das erste (Wasser), so ist er unrein, auf das zweite, so ist er rein. Hatte er das erste und zweite Wasser an dieselbe Stelle übergossen und ein Laib von Priesterhebe war (dorthin) gefallen, so ist er unrein. Hatte er das erste Wasser übergossen, es fand sich aber an seinen Händen ein Stückchen Holz oder ein Krümchen Erde, so sind seine Hände unrein; denn das spätere Wasser reinigt nur das Wasser, das auf seinen Händen ist. R. Simon ben Gamliel sagt: Was im Wasser entstanden ist, (lässt) rein.",
+ "Die Hände werden unrein und rein bis zum Handabschnitt. Wie ist dies gemeint? Hatte er das erste (Wasser) bis zum Handabschnitt gegossen, das zweite über den Abschnitt hinaus, es floss aber auf die Hand zurück, so ist sie rein. Hatte er das erste und das zweite (Wasser) über den Abschnitt hinaus gegossen und sie flossen auf die Hand zurück, so ist sie unrein. Hatte er das erste (Wasser) über seine eine Hand gegossen, dann überlegte er und goss das zweite über seine beiden Hände, so sind sie unrein. Hatte er das erste (Wasser) über seine beiden Hände gegossen, dann überlegte er und goss das zweite über seine eine Hand, so ist seine Hand rein. Hatte er nur seine eine Hand übergossen und sie dann an der anderen abgerieben, so ist sie unrein, an seinem Kopfe oder an der Wand, so ist sie rein. Vier oder fünf Menschen dürfen sich nebeneinander oder auch übereinander übergießen; nur müssen sie die Hände locker halten, so dass das Wasser an sie kommen können.",
+ "Wenn es zweifelhaft ist, ob mit dem Wasser eine Arbeit verrichtet ist, oder ob keine Arbeit mit ihm verrichtet ist, wenn es zweifelhaft ist, ob es das (notwendige) Maß hatte oder ob es nicht das Maß hatte, wenn es zweifelhaft, ob es unrein war, oder ob es rein war, so gilt im Zweifelsfall „rein“, weil (die Weisen) sagten: (jeder) Zweifel betreffs der Hände hinsichtlich des Unreinwerdens und des Verunreinigens oder des Reinwerdens, gilt als rein. — R. Jose sagt: hinsichtlich des Reinwerdens gilt als unrein. — Wie ist das gemeint? Waren seine Hände rein, und vor ihm lagen zwei unreine Laibe (Brot), und es ist nun ein Zweifel, ob er (sie) berührte oder nicht berührte. Waren seine Hände unrein, und vor ihm lagen zwei reine Laibe, und es ist nun ein Zweifel, ob er (sie) berührte oder nicht berührte. War eine seiner beiden Hände unrein, die andere rein, und vor ihm lagen zwei reine Laibe, und einen von ihnen berührte er, und es ist nun ein Zweifel, ob er ihn mit der unreinen (Hand) berührte oder mit der reinen berührte. Waren seine Hände rein, und vor ihm lagen zwei Laibe, ein unreiner und ein reiner, er berührte einen, es ist aber ein Zweifel, ob er den unreinen berührte oder den reinen berührte. War von seinen Händen die eine unrein, die andere rein, und vor ihm lagen zwei Laibe, ein unreiner und ein reiner, er berührte nun beide, es ist aber ein Zweifel, ob den unreinen mit der unreinen (Hand) und den reinen mit der reinen oder den reinen mit der unreinen und den unreinen mit der reinen u.. Dann bleiben die Hände, wie sie waren, und die Laibe, wie sie waren."
+ ],
+ [
+ " Wenn jemand seine Hände in das mit Aussatz behaftete Haus hinein hält, so sind seine Hände (unrein) ersten Grades. Das sind die Worte des R. Akiba. Aber die Weisen sagen: zweiten Grades. — Jeder, der die Kleider im Augenblick seiner Berührung verunreinigt, verunreinigt die Hände, dass sie (unrein) ersten Grades werden. Das sind die Worte des R. Akiba. Aber die Weisen sagen: zweiten Grades. Sie sagten zu R. Akiba: Wo finden wir irgendwo, dass die Hände ersten Grades werden? Er antwortete ihnen: Wie ist es möglich, dass sie ersten Grades werden, ohne dass sein Körper unrein wird, außer in diesem Falle ? Die Speisen und Geräte, die durch Flüssigkeiten verunreinigt wurden, verunreinigen die Hände, dass sie (unrein) zweiten Grades werden. Das sind die Worte des R. Josua. Aber die Weisen sagen: Was durch einen Unreinheiterzeuger verunreinigt wurde, verunreinigt die Hände, (was) durch erzeugte Unreinheit, verunreinigt die Hände nicht. R. Simon ben Gamliel sagte: Es kam einmal eine Frau zu meinem Vater und sagte ihm: „Meine Hände gerieten in den Luftraum eines irdenen Gefäßes “. Da sagte er ihr: Meine Tochter: „Und woher rührte seine Unreinheit her?“ Ich habe aber nicht gehört, was sie ihm geantwortet hat. Da sagten die Weisen: Es ist klar: Was durch einen Unreinheiterzeuger verunreinigt wurde, verunreinigt die Hände, (was) durch erzeugte Unreinheit, verunreinigt die Hände nicht.",
+ "Alles, was die Priesterhebe untauglich macht, verunreinigt die Hände, (unrein) zweiten Grades zu sein. Eine Hand verunreinigt die andere. Das sind die Worte des R. Josua. Aber die Weisen sagen: (Unreines) zweiten Grades macht nicht (unrein) zweiten Grades. Da sagte er zu ihnen: Heilige Schriften sind doch (unrein) zweiten Grades und verunreinigen die Hände. Da antworteten sie ihm: Man kann keinen Schluss auf Worte der Thora von Worten der Schriftgelehrten ziehen und nicht auf Worte der Schriftgelehrten von Worten der Thora und nicht auf Worte der Schriftgelehrten von Worten der Schriftgelehrten.",
+ "Riemen von Tefillin mit den Tefillin verunreinigen die Hände. R. Simon sagt: Riemen von Tefillin verunreinigen nicht.",
+ "Der Rand am Buch, oben und unten, am Anfang und am Ende verunreinigt die Hände. R. Jehuda sagt: (Der Rand) am Ende verunreinigt erst, wenn man den Rollstock anbringt.",
+ "Ein Buch, (dessen Schrift) verlöscht ist, es sind aber 85 Buchstaben übrig geblieben, (so viel) wie der Abschnitt ויהי בנסוע הארון, verunreinigt die Hände. Eine Buchrolle, in der 85 Buchstaben geschrieben sind, (so viel) wie der Abschnitt ויהי בנסוע הארון, verunreinigt die Hände. Alle heiligen Schriften verunreinigen die Hände. Das Hohelied und Kohelet verunreinigen die Hände. R. Jehuda sagt: Das Hohelied verunreinigt die Hände, aber bezüglich Kohelet’s ist ein Streit. R. Jose sagt: Kohelet verunreinigt die Hände nicht, aber bezüglich des Hohenliedes ist ein Streit. R. Simon sagt: Kohelet gehört zu den erleichternden Erscheinungen der Bet Schammai und den erschwerenden der Bet Hillel. Es sagte R. Simon ben Asai: Ich habe eine Überlieferung von 72 Ältesten vom Tage, da man R. Elasar ben Asarja (zum Vorsitzenden) der Akademie einsetzte, dass das Hohelied und Kohelet die Hände verunreinigen (und dass) R. Akiba sagte: „Gott bewahre ! Niemand in Israel hat über das Hohelied gestritten, dass es etwa die Hände nicht verunreinige, denn die ganze Welt ist nicht des Tages würdig, an dem das Hohelied Israel gegeben wurde; denn alle Hagiographen sind heilig, aber das Hohelied ist hochheilig“. Wenn sie also stritten, so stritten sie nur über Kohelet. Da sagte R. Jochanan, Sohn Josuas des Sohnes des Schwiegervaters R. Akibas: So wie Ben Asai sagt, so stritten sie und entschieden sie"
+ ],
+ [
+ "An jenem Tage stimmten sie ab und entschieden hinsichtlich der Fußbadewanne von einer Größe von zwei Log bis neun Kab, die einen Spalt bekam, dass sie midras — unrein sein kann. Denn R. Akiba sagt: Die Fußbadewanne ist, wie ihr Name.",
+ "An jenem Tage sagten sie: Alle Opfer, die nicht für ihren Namen geopfert wurden, sind gültig. Nur wurden sie nicht ihren Eigentümern als Pflichterfüllung angerechnet. Eine Ausnahme bilden das Pesachopfer und das Sündeopfer, das Pesachopfer (nur) zu seiner Zeit, aber das Sündeopfer jederzeit. R. Elieser sagt: auch das Schuldopfer, das Pesach zu seiner Zeit, das Sündopfer und das Schuldopfer jederzeit. Es sagte R. Simon ben Asai: Ich habe eine Überlieferung von 72 Ältesten vom Tage, da man R. Elasar ben Asarja (zum Vorsitzenden) der Akademie einsetzte, dass alle zum Essen bestimmten Opfer, die nicht für ihren Namen geopfert würden, gültig sind, nur ihren Eigentümern, nicht als Pflichterfüllung angerechnet werden, mit Ausnahme des Pesach- und Sündopfers.— Ben Asai fügte (damit) nur das Emporopfer hinzu. Die Weisen stimmten ihm aber nicht zu.",
+ "An jenem Tage sagten sie: Wie steht es mit Ammon und Moab im siebten Jahre ? Da entschied R. Tarfon: der Armenzehnte (ist zu geben). Aber R. Elasar ben Asarja entschied: der zweite Zehnte. Da sagte R. Ismael: Elasar ben Asarja, du musst einen Beweis bringen, denn du erschwerst, und wer erschwert, muss den Beweis bringen. Da sagte R. Elasar ben Asarja: Mein Bruder Ismael, ich habe die Reihenfolge der Jahre nicht abgeändert, mein Bruder Tarfon hat (sie) abgeändert, also muss er den Beweis bringen. Da erwiderte R. Tarfon: Ägypten ist Ausland, Ammon und Moab sind Ausland. So wie in Ägypten der Armenzehnte im siebten Jahre (zu geben ist), so auch in Ammon und Moab der Armenzehnte im siebten Jahre. Da erwiderte R. Elasar ben Asarja: Babel ist Ausland, Ammon und Moab sind Ausland. Wie in Babel der zweite Zehnte im siebten Jahre (zu geben ist), so auch in Ammon und Moab der zweite Zehnte im siebten Jahre. Da sagte R. Tarfon: Für Ägypten, das nahe (zu Palästina) liegt, bestimmten sie den Armenzehnten, damit die Armen Israels sich im siebten Jahre auf es stützen könnten, so wurde auch für Ammon und Moab, die nahe liegen, der Armenzehnte bestimmt, damit sich die Armen Israel im siebten Jahre auf sie stützen könnten. Da sagte R. Elasar ben Asarja: Scheinbar gibst du ihnen Vermögensvorteil (in Wirklichkeit) schädigst du die Seelen. Du zwingst den Himmel, dass er keinen Regen und Tau herabsendet. Denn es heißt: „Darf der Mensch denn Gott berauben, dass ihr mich beraubet? Und ihr sprechet: Womit haben wir dich beraubet? — Mit dem Zehnten und der Priesterhebe“. Da sagte R. Josua: Ich bin wie ein Antwortender für meinen Bruder Tarfon, aber nicht in der Art seiner Worte: Ägypten ist eine neue Einrichtung, Babel eine alte Einrichtung und der uns vorliegende Fall ist eine neue Einrichtung. Man soll eine neue Einrichtung von einer neuen Einrichtung ableiten und nicht eine neue Einrichtung von einer alten Einrichtung ableiten. Ägypten ist eine Einrichtung der Ältesten, Babel eine Einrichtung der Propheten, und der uns vorliegende Fall ist Einrichtung der Ältesten. Man soll eine Einrichtung der Ältesten von einer Einrichtung der Ältesten ableiten, und nicht eine Einrichtung der Ältesten von einer Einrichtung der Propheten ableiten. — Sie stimmten ab und beschlossen: Ammon und Moab geben den Armenzehnten im siebten Jahre. — Und als R. Jose ben Durmaskis zu R. Elieser nach Lud kam, fragte er ihn: Was gab es heute Neues bei euch im Lehrhaus. Da antwortete er ihm: Ammon und Moab geben den Armenzehnten im siebten Jahre. Da weinte R. Elieser und sagte: Der Rat Gottes ist bei denen, die ihn fürchten, und sein Bund, dass er ihn ihnen kund tue. Gehe hinaus und sage ihnen: Habt kein Bedenken über eure Abstimmung. Ich habe eine Überlieferung von R. Jochanan ben Sakkai, der von seinem Lehrer hörte, und sein Lehrer von seinem Lehrer bis zur Halacha Mosche’s vom Sinai, dass Ammon und Moab den Armenzehnten im siebten Jahre geben.",
+ "An jenem Tage kam Jehuda, ein ammonitischer Proselyt, und stand vor ihnen im Lehrhaus und sagte zu ihnen: Darf ich in die Gemeinde kommen ? Da sagte zu ihm R. Josua: Du darfst es. Da sagte zu ihm R. Gamliel: Der Schriftvers sagt: „Ein Ammoniter und ein Moabiter dürfen nicht in die Gemeinde Gottes kommen. Auch das zehnte Geschlecht usw.“ Da sagte zu ihm R. Josua: Sind denn die Ammoniter und Moabiter noch an ihren Wohnorten ? Sancherib, der König von Aschur, ist doch schon hinaufgezogen und hat alle Völker durcheinander gewirbelt; denn es heißt: „Ich verwischte die Grenzen der Völker, ihre Schätze plünderte ich und holte herab die in festen Burgen Wohnenden. Da sagte zu ihm R. Gamliel: Der Vers sagt: „Später werde ich die Gefangenen der Söhne Ammons zürückbringen“ (Jer 49, 6). Sie sind also bereits zurückgekehrt. Da sagte zu ihm R. Josua: Der Schriftvers sagt (auch): „Ich werde die Gefangenen meines Volkes Israel zurückführen“ (Amos 9, 14). Und sie sind noch nicht zurückgekehrt. — Darauf hin erlaubten sie ihm, in die Gemeinde zu kommen.",
+ "Die aramäischen Stellen in Esra und Daniel verunreinigen die Hände. Aramäische Stellen, die hebräisch geschrieben sind, und hebräische Stellen, die aramäisch geschrieben sind, und die hebräische Schrift verunreinigen die Hände nicht. Es verunreinigt immer nur, wenn man es assyrisch auf Pergament und mit Tinte geschrieben hat.",
+ "Sadduzäer sagten: Wir klagen gegen gegen euch Pharisäer, dass ihr behauptet, die heiligen Schriften verunreinigen die Hände, während die Bücher „Hameram“ die Hände nicht verunreinigen. Da sagte R. Jochanan ben Sakkai: Haben wir gegen die Pharisäer denn nur dieses? Sie sagen doch die Knochen eines Esels sind rein, während die Kochen des Hohenpriesters Jochanan unrein sind. Da sagte sie: Entsprechend ihrer Wertschätzung ist ihre Unreinheit, damit man nicht etwa aus den Knochen seines Vaters oder seiner Mutter Löffel herstellte. Da sagte er zu ihnen: Auch bei den heiligen Schriften entspricht ihre Unreinheit ihrer Wertschätzung, während die Bücher „Hameram“, die nicht geschätzt werden, die Hände nicht verunreinigen.",
+ "Sadduzäer sagten: Wir klagen gegen euch Pharisäer, dass ihr den Strahl des (Gusses) für rein erklärt. Da sagten die Pharisäer: Wir klagen gegen euch Sadduzäer, dass ihr den Wasserarm, der vom Friedhof kommt, für rein erklärt. Sadduzäer sagten: Wir klagen gegen euch Pharisäer, dass ihr sagt: „Wenn mein Ochs und mein Esel Schaden angerichtet haben, so sind sie schuldig; wenn aber mein Knecht und meine Magd Schaden angerichtet haben, so sind sie frei“. Wenn ich schon schuldig bin für die Schädigung meines Ochsen und meines Esels, für deren Gesetzeserfüllung ich nicht haftbar bin, ist da nicht zu folgern, dass ich schuldig bin für die Schädigung meines Knechtes und meiner Magd, für deren Gesetzeserfüllung ich haftbar bin ? — Da antworteten sie ihnen: Nein, wenn ihr von meinem Ochsen und meinem Esel sprechet, die keinen Verstand besitzen, könnt ihr (deshalb) von meinem Knecht meiner Magd sprechen, die Verstand besitzen? Denn wenn ich ihn ärgere, würde er hingehen, und den Garbenhaufen eines anderen anzünden, und ich wäre verpflichtet zu bezahlen.",
+ "Ein galiläischer Sadduzäer sagte: Ich klage (den Namen) des Herrschers gegen euch Pharisäer, dass ihr mit dem Mosche’s im Scheidebrief schreibt. Da sagten die Pharisäer: Wir klagen gegen dich, galiläischer Sadduzäer, dass ihr den Namen des Herrschers mit dem Gottes auf eine Seite schreibt. Und noch weiter: Ihr schreibt (den Namen) des Herrschers oben und den Gottes unten; denn es heißt: Da sagte Pharao: Wer ist Gott, dass ich auf seine Stimme hören soll, Israel zu entsenden. — Aber als er die Strafe erhielt, was sagte er: „Gott ist der Gerechte“."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e8cf479cd3550b71e13a7bb19ee00a14d96ab37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 1.0,
+ "license": "CC-BY",
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "actualLanguage": "en",
+ "languageFamilyName": "english",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "[A minimum of] a quarter [of a log] of water must be poured over the hands for one [person] and even for two. A minimum of half a log must be poured over the hands for three or four persons. A minimum of one log [is sufficient] for five, ten, or one hundred persons. Rabbi Yose says: as long as there is not less than a quarter of a log left for the last person among them. More [water] may be added to the second water, but more may not be added to the first water.",
+ "Water may be poured over the hands out of any kind of vessel, even out of vessels made of animal dung, out of vessels made of stone or out of vessels made of clay. Water may not be poured from the sides of [broken] vessels or from the bottom of a ladle or from the stopper of a jar. Nor may one pour [water] over the hands of his fellow out of his cupped hands. Because one may not draw, nor sanctify, nor sprinkle the water of purification, nor pour water over the hands except in a vessel. And only vessels closely covered with a lid protect [their contents from uncleanness]. And only vessels protect [their contents from uncleanness] inside earthenware vessels.",
+ "Water which had become so unfit that it could not be drunk by a beast: If it was in a vessel it is invalid, But if it was in the ground it is valid. If there fell into [the water], dye, or gum or sulphate of copper and its color changed, it is invalid. If a person did any work with it or soaked his bread in it, it is invalid. Shimon of Teman says: even if he intended to soak his bread in one water and it fell into another water the water is valid.",
+ "If he cleansed vessels with the water or scrubbed measures with it, [the water] is invalid. If he rinsed with it vessels which had already been rinsed or new vessels, it is valid. Rabbi Yose declares [the water] invalid if they were new vessels.",
+ "Water in which the baker dips his loaves is invalid; but if he moistened his hands in the water it is valid. All are fit to pour water over the hands, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. A person may place the jug between his knees and pour out the water, or he may turn the jug on its side and pour it out. A monkey may pour water over the hands. Rabbi Yose declares these [latter] two cases invalid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If he poured water over one of his hands with a single rinsing his hand becomes clean. If over both his hands with a single rinsing: Rabbi Meir declares them to be unclean until he pours a minimum of a quarter of a log of water over them. If a loaf of terumah fell on the water the loaf is clean. Rabbi Yose declares it to be unclean.",
+ "If he poured the first water over his hands [while standing] in one place, and the second water over his hands [while standing] in another place, and a loaf of terumah fell on the first water, the loaf becomes unclean. But if it fell on the second water it remains clean. If he poured the first and the second water [while standing] in one place, and a loaf of terumah fell onto the water, the loaf becomes unclean. If he poured the first water over his hands and a splinter or a piece of gravel is found on his hands, [his hands] remain unclean, because the latter water only makes the first water on the hands clean. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if any creature from the water [was on the hands while they are being cleaned] they are clean.",
+ "Hands become unclean and are made clean as far as the joint. How so? If he poured the first water over the hands as far as the joint and poured the second water over the hands beyond the joint and the latter flowed back to the hands, the hands are clean. If he poured the first and the second water over the hands beyond the joint and they flowed back to the hands, the hands remain unclean. If he poured the first water over one of his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over both his hands, they are unclean. If he poured the first water over both his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over one of his hands, his one hand becomes clean. If he poured water over one of his hands and rubbed it on the other hand it remains unclean. If he rubbed it on his head or on the wall it is clean. Water may be poured over the hands of four or five persons, each hand being by the side of the other, or being one above the other, provided that the hands are held loosely so that the water flows between them.",
+ "If there was a doubt whether any work has been done with the water or not, a doubt whether the water contains the requisite quantity or not, a doubt whether it is unclean or clean, in these cases the doubt is considered to be clean because they have said in a case of doubt concerning hands as to whether they have become unclean or have conveyed uncleanness or have become clean, they are considered to be clean. Rabbi Yose says: in a case [of doubt as to] whether they have become clean they are considered to be unclean. How so? If his hands were clean and there were two unclean loaves before him and there was a doubt whether he touched them or not; Or if his hands were unclean and there were two clean loaves before him and there was a doubt whether he touched them or not; Or if one of his hands was unclean and the other clean and there were two clean loaves before him and he touched one of them and there was a doubt whether he touched it with the unclean hand or with the clean hand; Or if his hands were clean and there were two loaves before him one of which was unclean and the other clean and he touched one of them and there was a doubt whether he touched the unclean one or the clean one; Or if one of his hands was unclean and the other clean and there were two loaves before him one of which was unclean and the other clean, and he touched both of them, and there is a doubt whether the unclean hand touched the unclean loaf or whether the clean hand touched the clean loaf or whether the clean hand touched the unclean loaf or whether the unclean hand touched the clean loaf The hands remain in the same state as they were before and the loaves remain in the same state as they were before."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a person puts his hands inside a house with scale disease, his hands have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: his hands have second degree uncleanness. Whoever defiles garments: at the time when he touches [the uncleanness], he defiles hands so that they have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: such that they have second degree of uncleanness. They said to Rabbi Akiba: where do we find anywhere that hands have first degree uncleanness? He said to them: but how is it possible for them to become unclean with first degree uncleanness without his whole body becoming unclean? Only in these cases [can they have first degree uncleanness]. Foods and vessels which have been defiled by liquids convey second degree of uncleanness to the hands, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been defiled by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: it happened that a certain woman came before my father and said to him, \"My hands went into the air-space inside an earthenware vessel.\" He said to her: \"My daughter, what was the cause of its uncleanness?\" But I did not hear what she said to him. The sages said: the matter is clear that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been rendered unclean by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands.",
+ "Anything which disqualifies terumah defiles hands with a second degree of uncleanness. One [unwashed] hand defiles the other hand, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: that which has second degree of uncleanness cannot convey second degree of uncleanness. He said to them: But do not the Holy Scriptures which have second degree of uncleanness defile the hands? They said to him: the laws of the Torah may not be argued from the laws of the scribes, nor may the laws of the scribes be argued from the laws of the Torah, nor may the laws of the scribes be argued from [other] laws of the scribes.",
+ "The straps of the tefillin [when connected] with the tefillin [boxes] defile the hands. Rabbi Shimon says: the straps of the tefillin do not defile the hands.",
+ "The margin on a scroll which is above or below or at the beginning or at the end defiles the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the margin at the end does not render unclean [the hands] until a handle is fastened to it.",
+ "A scroll on which the writing has become erased and eighty-five letters remain, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\" (Numbers 10:35-36) defiles the hands. A single sheet on which there are written eighty-five letters, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\", defiles the hands. All the Holy Scriptures defile the hands. The Song of Songs and Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) defile the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the Song of Songs defiles the hands, but there is a dispute about Kohelet. Rabbi Yose says: Kohelet does not defile the hands, but there is a dispute about the Song of Songs. Rabbi Shimon says: [the ruling about] Kohelet is one of the leniencies of Bet Shammai and one of the stringencies of Bet Hillel. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I have received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the academy that the Song of Songs and Kohelet defile the hands. Rabbi Akiba said: Far be it! No man in Israel disputed that the Song of Songs [saying] that it does not defile the hands. For the whole world is not as worthy as the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel; for all the writings are holy but the Song of Songs is the holy of holies. If they had a dispute, they had a dispute only about Kohelet. Rabbi Yohanan ben Joshua the son of the father-in-law of Rabbi Akiva said in accordance with the words of Ben Azzai: so they disputed and so they reached a decision."
+ ],
+ [
+ "On that day the votes were counted and they decided that a footbath holding from two logs to nine kavs which was cracked could contract midras uncleanness. Because Rabbi Akiva said a footbath [must be considered] according to its designation.",
+ "On that day they said: all animal sacrifices which have been sacrificed under the name of some other offering are [nevertheless] valid, but they are not accounted to their owners as a fulfillment of their obligations, with the exception of the pesah and the sin-offering. [This is true of] the pesah in its correct time and the sin-offering at any time. Rabbi Eliezer says: [with the exception] also of the guilt-offering; [so that this refers to] the pesah in its correct time and to the sin- and guilt-offerings at any time. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the college that all animal sacrifices which are eaten and which have not been sacrificed under their own name are nevertheless valid, but they are not accounted to their owners as a fulfillment of their obligations, with the exception of the pesah and the sin-offering. Ben Azzai only added [to these exceptions] the wholly burnt-offering, but the sages did not agree with him.",
+ "On that day they said: what is the law applying to Ammon and Moab in the seventh year? Rabbi Tarfon decreed tithe for the poor. And Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah decreed second tithe. Rabbi Ishmael said: Elazar ben Azariah, you must produce your proof because you are expressing the stricter view and whoever expresses a stricter view has the burden to produce the proof. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said to him: Ishmael, my brother, I have not deviated from the sequence of years, Tarfon, my brother, has deviated from it and the burden is upon him to produce the proof. Rabbi Tarfon answered: Egypt is outside the land of Israel, Ammon and Moab are outside the land of Israel: just as Egypt must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year, so must Ammon and Moab give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah answered: Babylon is outside the land of Israel, Ammon and Moab are outside the land of Israel: just as Babylon must give second tithe in the seventh year, so must Ammon and Moab give second tithe in the seventh year. Rabbi Tarfon said: on Egypt which is near, they imposed tithe for the poor so that the poor of Israel might be supported by it during the seventh year; so on Ammon and Moab which are near, we should impose tithe for the poor so that the poor of Israel may be supported by it during the seventh year. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said to him: Behold, you are like one who would benefit them with gain, yet you are really as one who causes them to perish. Would you rob the heavens so that dew or rain should not descend? As it is said, \"Will a man rob God? Yet you rob me. But you: How have we robbed You? In tithes and heave-offerings\" (Malakhi 3:8). Rabbi Joshua said: Behold, I shall be as one who replies on behalf of Tarfon, my brother, but not in accordance with the substance of his arguments. The law regarding Egypt is a new act and the law regarding Babylon is an old act, and the law which is being argued before us is a new act. A new act should be argued from [another] new act, but a new act should not be argued from an old act. The law regarding Egypt is the act of the elders and the law regarding Babylon is the act of the prophets, and the law which is being argued before us is the act of the elders. Let one act of the elders be argued from [another] act of the elders, but let not an act of the elders be argued from an act of the prophets. The votes were counted and they decided that Ammon and Moab should give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. And when Rabbi Yose ben Durmaskit visited Rabbi Eliezer in Lod he said to him: what new thing did you have in the house of study today? He said to him: their votes were counted and they decided that Ammon and Moab must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. Rabbi Eliezer wept and said: \"The counsel of the Lord is with them that fear him: and his covenant, to make them know it\" (Psalms 25:14). Go and tell them: Don't worry about your voting. I received a tradition from Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai who heard it from his teacher, and his teacher from his teacher, and so back to a halachah given to Moses from Sinai, that Ammon and Moab must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year.",
+ "On that day Judah, an Ammonite convert, came and stood before them in the house of study. He said to them: Do I have the right to enter into the assembly? Rabban Gamaliel said to him: you are forbidden. Rabbi Joshua said to him: you are permitted. Rabban Gamaliel said to him: the verse says, \"An Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord: even to the tenth generation\" (Deuteronomy 23:4). R. Joshua said to him: But are the Ammonites and Moabites still in their own territory? Sanheriv, the king of Assyria, has long since come up and mingled all the nations, as it is said: \"In that I have removed the bounds of the peoples, and have robbed their treasures, and have brought down as one mighty the inhabitants\" (Isaiah 10:1. Rabban Gamaliel said to him: the verse says, \"But afterward I will bring back the captivity of the children of Ammon,\" (Jeremiah 49:6) they have already returned. Rabbi Joshua said to him: [another] verse says, \"I will return the captivity of my people Israel and Judah\" (Jeremiah 30:3). Yet they have not yet returned. So they permitted him to enter the assembly.",
+ "The Aramaic sections in Ezra and Daniel defile the hands. If an Aramaic section was written in Hebrew, or a Hebrew section was written in Aramaic, or [Hebrew which was written with] Hebrew script, it does not defile the hands. It never defiles the hands until it is written in the Assyrian script, on parchment, and in ink.",
+ "The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, because you say that the Holy Scriptures defile the hands, but the books of Homer do not defile the hands. Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Have we nothing against the Pharisees but this? Behold they say that the bones of a donkey are clean, yet the bones of Yohanan the high priest are unclean. They said to him: according to the affection for them, so is their impurity, so that nobody should make spoons out of the bones of his father or mother. He said to them: so also are the Holy Scriptures according to the affection for them, so is their uncleanness. The books of Homer which are not precious do not defile the hands.",
+ "The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, that you declare an uninterrupted flow of a liquid to be clean. The Pharisees say: we complain against you, Sadducees, that you declare a stream of water which flows from a burial-ground to be clean? The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, that you say, my ox or donkey which has done injury is liable, yet my male or female slave who has done injury is not liable. Now if in the case of my ox or my donkey for which I am not responsible if they do not fulfill religious duties, yet I am responsible for their damages, in the case of my male or female slave for whom I am responsible to see that they fulfill mitzvot, how much more so that I should be responsible for their damages? They said to them: No, if you argue about my ox or my donkey which have no understanding, can you deduce from there anything concerning a male or female slave who do have understanding? So that if I were to anger either of them and they would go and burn another person's stack, should I be liable to make restitution?",
+ "A Galilean min said: I complain against you Pharisees, that you write the name of the ruler and the name of Moses together on a divorce document. The Pharisees said: we complain against you, Galilean min, that you write the name of the ruler together with the divine name on a single page [of Torah]? And furthermore that you write the name of the ruler above and the divine name below? As it is said, \"And Pharoah said, Who is the Lord that I should hearken to his voice to let Israel go?\" (Exodus 5:2) But when he was smitten what did he say? \"The Lord is righteous\" (Exodus 9:27)."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96c2ef6521755715b572ac52e4e3720d123b0d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+ "language": "en",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
+ "versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 0.25,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionNotes": "",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
+ "actualLanguage": "de",
+ "languageFamilyName": "german",
+ "isBaseText": false,
+ "isSource": false,
+ "direction": "ltr",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "EIN VIERTELLOG WASSER IST FÜR DAS HÄNDEWASCHEN ERFORDERLICH FÜR EINEN UND AUCH FÜR ZWEI PERSONEN; EIN HALBES LOG FÜR DREI ODER VIER, VON EINEM LOG AB FÜR FÜNF, ZEHN ODER HUNDERT. R. JOSE SAGT, FÜR DIE LETZTE UNTER IHNEN MÜSSE ES JEDOCH NICHT WENIGER ALS EIN VIERTELLOG SEIN. MAN DARF HINZUFÜGEN BEIM ZWEITEN [ÜBERGIESSEN], NICHT ABER BEIM ERSTEN.",
+ "MAN DARF DIE HÄNDE WASCHEN MIT ALLEN GEFÄSSEN, AUCH MIT GEFÄSSEN AUS RINDERMIST, GEFÄSSEN AUS STEIN, GEFÄSSEN AUS ERDE. MAN DARF DIE HÄNDE NICHT WASCHEN MIT WANDUNGSSTÜCKEN VON GEFÄSSEN, DEM BODEN EINES ZOBERS ODER DEM SPUNDE EINES FASSES. MAN DARF AUCH NICHT SEINEM NÄCHSTEN [WASSER] MIT DER HOHLEN HAND AUFTUN, WEIL MAN NUR MIT EINEM GEFÄSSE DAS ENTSÜNDIGUNGSWASSERSCHÖPFEN, WEIHEN UND SPRENGEN, UND [BEIM HÄNDEWASCHEN] DAS WASSER ÜBER DIE HÄNDE GIESSEN DARF. AUCH SCHÜTZT EIN FESTSCHLIESSENDER DECKEL NUR BEI GEFÄSSEN, WIE AUCH VOR TONGEFÄSSEN NUR GEFÄSSE SCHÜTZEN.",
+ "WASSER, DAS ZUM TRINKEN FÜR EIN VIEH NICHT MEHR TAUGLICH IST, IST IN EINEM GEFÄSSE UNTAUGLICH UND AM BODEN TAUGLICH. IST DARIN TINTE, GUMMI ODER VITRIOL HINEINGEKOMMEN UND SEIN AUSSEHEN VERÄNDERT WORDEN, SO IST ES UNTAUGLICH; HAT MAN ES ZU EINER ARBEIT VERWENDET ODER SEIN BROT DARIN EINGEWEICHT, SO IST ES UNTAUGLICH. ŠIMON DER TEMANITE SAGT, SELBSTWENN MAN BEABSICHTIGT HAT, [BROT] IN ANDERES EINZUWEICHEN, UND ES IN DIESES GEKOMMEN IST, SEI ES TAUGLICH.",
+ "HAT MAN DARIN GERÄTE ABGESPÜLT ODER MESSGEFÄSSE AUSGESPÜLT, SO IST ES UNTAUGLICH; HAT MAN DARIN ABGESPÜLTE GERÄTE ODER NEUE ABGESPÜLT, SO IST ES TAUGLICH. NACH R. JOSE IST ES, WENN NEUE, UNTAUGLICH.",
+ "DAS WASSER, WORIN DER BÄCKER DIE BREZELNEINTAUCHT, IST UNTAUGLICH; WORIN ER ABER NUR DIE HÄNDE ANFEUCHTET, IST TAUGLICH. ALLE SIND ZULÄSSIG, WASSER ÜBER DIE HÄNDE ZU GIESSEN, AUCH EIN TAUBER, EIN BLÖDER UND EIN MINDERJÄHRIGER. MAN KANN DAS FASS ZWISCHEN DIE KNIEE NEHMEN UND [ÜBER DIE HÄNDE] GIESSEN, EBENSO DARF MAN EIN FASS AUF DIE SEITE NEIGEN UND [ÜBER DIE HÄNDE] GIESSEN. AUCH EIN AFFE DARF DAS WASSER ÜBER DIE HÄNDE GIESSEN. NACH R. JOSE IST ES IN DIESEN BEIDEN FÄLLEN UNTAUGLICH."
+ ],
+ [
+ "HAT MAN EINE HAND MIT EINEM GUSSE ÜBERGOSSEN, SO IST SEINE HAND REIN; WENN BEIDE HÄNDE MIT EINEM GUSSE, SO SIND SIE NACH R. MEÍR UNREIN, ES SEI DENN, MAN HAT AUS EINEM VIERTELLOG GEGOSSEN. FÄLLT DARIN EIN LAIB VON HEBE, SO IST ER REIN, UND NACH R. JOSE UNREIN.",
+ "WENN MAN DAS ERSTE MAL AN EINER STELLE UND DAS ZWEITE MAL AN EINER ANDEREN STELLE ÜBERGOSSEN HAT UND EIN LAIB VON HEBE IN DAS ERSTE [WASSER] FÄLLT, SO IST ES UNREIN, UND WENN IN DAS ZWEITE, SO IST ES REIN; WENN MAN DAS ERSTE UND DAS ZWEITE MAL AN EINER STELLE ÜBERGOSSEN HAT UND EIN LAIB VON HEBE HINEINFÄLLT, SO IST ES UNREIN. WENN MAN DAS ERSTE MAL ÜBERGOSSEN HAT UND EIN SPÄNCHEN ODER EIN KLÜMPCHEN AN SEINEN HÄNDEN FINDET, SO SIND SEINE HÄNDE UNREIN, DENN DAS LETZTERE WASSER MACHT NUR DAS WASSER AN DER HAND REIN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGT, WAS IM WASSER ENTSTEHT, SEI REIN.",
+ "DIE HÄNDE WERDEN UNREIN UND REIN BIS ZUM HANDGELENKE. ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN MAN DAS ERSTE MAL BIS ZUM HANDGELENKE UND DAS ZWEITE MAL AUSSERHALB DES HANDGELENKES GEGOSSEN HAT UND ES AUF DIE HAND ZURÜCKGEFLOSSEN IST, SO IST SIE REIN; WENN MAN ABER DAS ERSTE MAL UND DAS ZWEITE MAL AUSSERHALB DES HANDGELENKES GEGOSSEN HAT UND ES AUF DIE HAND ZURÜCKGEFLOSSEN IST, SO IST SIE UNREIN. WENN MAN DAS ERSTE MAL ÜBER EINE HAND GEGOSSEN HAT UND SICH DARAUF ÜBERLEGT UND DAS ZWEITE MAL ÜBER BEIDE HÄNDE GIESST, SO SIND SIE UNREIN; WENN MAN DAS ERSTE MAL ÜBER BEIDE HÄNDE GEGOSSEN HAT UND SICH DARAUF ÜBERLEGT UND DAS ZWEITE MAL ÜBER EINE HAND GIESST, SO IST SEINE HAND REIN. HAT MAN [DAS WASSER] ÜBER SEINE HAND GEGOSSEN UND SIE AN DER ANDEREN ABGERIEBEN, SO IST SIE UNREIN; WENN AM KOPFE ODER AN DER WAND, SO IST SIE REIN. VIER ODER FÜNF [PERSONEN] KÖNNEN NEBENEINANDER ODER ÜBEREINANDER DIE HÄNDE WASCHEN, NUR MÜSSEN SIE SIE LOSE HALTEN, DAMIT DAS WASSER AN SIE HERANKOMMEN KANN.",
+ "BESTEHT EIN ZWEIFEL, OB DAMIT EINE ARBEIT VERRICHTET WORDEN IST ODER DAMIT KEINE ARBEIT VERRICHTET WORDEN IST, EIN ZWEIFEL, OB ES DAS QUANTUM HATTE ODER DAS QUANTUM NICHT HATTE, EIN ZWEIFEL, OB ES UNREIN WAR ODER REIN WAR, SO SIND SIE IM ZWEIFEL REIN, DENN SIE SAGTEN, BEI JEDEM ZWEIFEL INBETREFF DER HÄNDE, OB HINSICHTLICH DES UNREIN WERDENS, DES UNREINMACHENS ODER DES REINWERDENS, SEIEN SIE REIN. R. JOSE SAGT, WENN HINSICHTLICH DES REINWERDENS, SEIEN SIE UNREIN. ZUM BEISPIEL: WENN SEINE HÄNDE REIN WAREN UND VOR IHM ZWEI UNREINE LAIBE LIEGEN, UND EIN ZWEIFEL BESTEHT, OB ER SIE BERÜHRT HAT ODER NICHT BERÜHRT HAT, ODER WENN SEINE HÄNDE UNREIN WAREN UND VOR IHM ZWEI REINE LAIBE LIEGEN, UND EIN ZWEIFEL BESTEHT, OB ER SIE BERÜHRT HAT ODER NICHT BERÜHRT HAT, ODER WENN SEINE EINE HAND REIN UND EINE HAND UNREIN WAR UND ER VON ZWEI VOR IHM LIEGENDEN LAIBEN EINEN BERÜHRT HAT, UND EIN ZWEIFEL BESTEHT, OB ER IHN MIT DER UNREINEN BERÜHRT HAT ODER MIT DER REINEN BERÜHRT HAT, ODER WENN SEINE HÄNDE REIN WAREN UND ER VON ZWEI VOR IHM LIEGENDEN LAIBEN, EINER REIN UND EINER UNREIN, EINEN BERÜHRT HAT, UND EIN ZWEIFEL BESTEHT, OB ER DEN UNREINEN BERÜHRT HAT ODER DEN REINEN BERÜHRT HAT, ODER WENN VON SEINEN HÄNDEN EINE UNREIN UND EINE REIN WAR UND ER VON ZWEI VOR IHM LIEGENDEN LAIBEN, EINER UNREIN UND EINER REIN, BEIDE BERÜHRT HAT, UND EIN ZWEIFEL BESTEHT, OB DEN UNREINEN MIT DER UNREINEN UND DEN REINEN MIT DER REINEN ODER DEN REINEN MIT DER UNREINEN UND DEN UNREINEN MIT DER REINEN, SO BLEIBEN DIE HÄNDE, WIE SIE WAREN, UND DIE LAIBE, WIE SIE WAREN."
+ ],
+ [
+ "WENN JEMAND SEINE HÄNDE IN EIN AUSSÄTZIGES HAUS HINEINSTECKT, SO SIND SEINE HÄNDE ERSTGRADIG [UNREIN] SO R. A͑QIBA; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, SEINE HÄNDE SEIEN ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN]. WAS BEI DER BERÜHRUNG DIE KLEIDER UNREIN MACHT, MACHT DIE HÄNDE ERSTGRADIG [UNREIN] – SO R. A͑QIBA ; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN]. SIE SPRACHEN ZU R. A͑QIBA: WO FINDEN WIR IRGENDWO, DASS DIE HÄNDE ERSTGRADIG UNREIN WERDEN!? ER ERWIDERTE IHNEN: SIE KÖNNEN AUCH NICHT ANDERS ERSTGRADIG [UNREIN] WERDEN, ALS IN DEM FALLE, WENN SEIN KÖRPER UNREIN GEWORDEN IST. DURCH FLÜSSIGKEITEN UNREIN GEWORDENE SPEISEN UND GERÄTE MACHEN DIE HÄNDE ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN] – SO R. JEHOŠUA͑ ; DIE WEISEN SAGEN, DIE DURCH EINE HAUPTUNREINHEIT UNREIN GEWORDEN SIND, MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN, UND DIE DURCH EINE ABSTAMMENDE UNREINHEIT, MACHEN DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN. R. ŠIMO͑N B. GAMLIÉL SAGTE: EINST KAM EINE FRAU VOR MEINEN VATER UND SAGTE IHM, IHRE HÄNDE SEIEN IN DEN HOHLRAUM EINES [UNREINEN] TONGEFÄSSES GEKOMMEN. DA SPRACH ER ZU IHR: WOHER KAM SEINE UNREINHEIT? ICH HABE ABER NICHT GEHÖRT, WAS SIE IHM GEANTWORTET HAT. DIE WEISEN SPRACHEN: DIE SACHE IST KLAR; WAS DURCH EINE HAUPTUNREINHEIT UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, MACHT DIE HÄNDE UNBEIN, UND WAS DURCH EINE ABSTAMMENDE UNREINHEIT, MACHT DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "WAS DIE HEBE UNTAUGLICH MACHT, MACHT DIE HÄNDE ZWEITGRADIG UNREIN; EINE HAND MACHT DIE ANDERE UNREIN SO R. JEHOŠUA͑. DIE WEISEN SAGEN, ZWEITGRADIGES MACHE NICHT ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN]. ER SPRACH ZU IHNEN: DIE HEILIGEN SCHRIFTEN SIND JA ZWEITGRADIG [UNREIN], UND SIE MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN!? SIE ERWIDERTEN IHM: MAN FOLGERE NICHT HINSICHTLICH WORTE DER TORA VON WORTEN DER SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN, NICHT HINSICHTLICH WORTE DER SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN VON WORTEN DER TORA, UND NICHT HINSICHTLICH WORTE DER SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN VON WORTEN DER SCHRIFTKUNDIGEN.",
+ "DIE RIEMEN DER TEPHILLIN MIT DEN TEPHILLIN MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN; R. ŠIMO͑N SAGT, DIE RIEMEN DER TEPIHLLIN MACHEN DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "DER RAND EINES BUCHES, OBEN UND UNTEN, AM ANFANG UND AM ENDE, MACHT DIE HÄNDE UNREIN; R. JEHUDA SAGT, DER AM ENDE MACHE ERST DANN UNREIN, WENN MAN DIE ROLLWALZE ANGEBRACHT HAT.",
+ "WENN EIN BUCH VERWISCHT WORDEN IST UND FÜNFUNDACHTZIG BUCHSTABEN ZURÜCKGEBLIEBEN SIND, SOVIEL WIE IM ABSCHNITTE ‘UND WENN DIE LADE AUFBRACH’, SO MACHT ES DIE HÄNDE UNREIN. EINE BUCHROLLE, IN DER FÜNFUNDACHTZIG BUCHSTABEN GESCHRIEBEN SIND, SOVIEL WIE IM ABSCHNITTE ‘UND WENN DIE LADE AUFBRACH’, MACHT DIE HÄNDE UNREIN. ALLE [BÜCHER DER] HEILIGEN SCHRIFT MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN. DAS LIED DER LIEDER UND QOHELETH MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN; R. JEHUDA SAGT, DAS LIED DER LIEDER MACHE DIE HÄNDE UNREIN UND ÜBER QOHELETH BESTEHE EIN STREIT. R. JOSE SAGT, QOHELETH MACHE DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN UND ÜBER DAS LIED DER LIEDER BESTEHE EIN STREIT. R. ŠIMO͑N SAGTE: QOHELETH GEHÖRT ZU DEN ERLEICHTERUNGEN DER SCHULE ŠAMMAJS UND DEN ERSCHWERUNGEN DER SCHULE HILLELS. R. ŠIMO͑N B. A͑ZAJ SPRACH: ICH HABE EINE ÜBERLIEFERUNG VON DEN ZWEIUNDSIEBZIG ÄLTESTEN VOM TAGE, AN DEM SIE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA ZUM SCHULOBERHAUPTE EINSETZTEN, DASS DAS LIED DER LIEDER UND QOHELETH DIE HÄNDE UNREIN MACHEN. R. A͑QIBA SPRACH: BEHÜTE UND BEWAHRE, NIEMAND IN JISRAÉL STREITET ÜBER DAS LIED DER LIEDER, OB ES NICHT DIE HÄNDE UNREIN MACHE; DIE GANZE WELT IST NICHT SO WÜRDIG, WIE AM TAGE, AN DEM DAS LIED DER LIEDER VERLIEHEN WURDE, DENN SIND AUCH ALLE HAGIOGRAPHEN HEILIG, ABER DAS LIED DER LIEDER IST HOCHHEILIG. BESTEHT ABER EIN STREIT, SO STREITEN SIE NUR ÜBER QOHELETH. R. JOḤANAN B. JEŠUA͑, DER SOHN DES SCHWIEGERVATERS R. A͑QIBAS, SAGTE: ES IST WIE BEN A͑ZAJ GESAGT HAT; SO STRITTEN SIE UND SO ENTSCHIEDEN SIE."
+ ],
+ [
+ "AN JENEM TAGE STIMMTEN SIE AB UND ENTSCHIEDEN ÜBER EINE FUSSWANNE, DIE VON ZWEI LOG BIS NEUN KAB FASST, DASS SIE, WENN SIE GEPLATZT IST, DURCH AUFTRETEN UNREIN IST. R. A͑QIBA SAGTE NÄMLICH, DIE FUSSWANNE SEI DAS, WAS DER NAME BESAGT.",
+ "AN JENEM TAGE SAGTEN SIE, ALLE OPFER, DIE GESCHLACHTET WORDEN SIND NICHT AUF IHREN NAMEN, SEIEN TAUGLICH, NUR WERDEN SIE DEM EIGENTÜMER NICHT ALS PFLICHT ANGERECHNET, AUSGENOMMEN DAS PESAḤOPFER UND DAS SÜNDOPFER; DAS PESAḤOPFER ZUR FESTGESETZTEN ZEIT UND DAS SÜNDOPFER ZU JEDER ZEIT. R. ELIE͑ZER SAGT, AUCH DAS SCHULDOPFER; DAS PESAḤOPFER ZUR FESTGESETZTEN ZEIT UND DAS SÜNDOPFER UND DAS SCHULDOPFER ZU JEDER ZEIT. R. ŠIMO͑N B. A͑ZAJ SAGTE: ICH HARE EINE ÜBERLIEFERUNG VON DEN ZWEIUNDSIEBZIG ÄLTESTEN VOM TAGE, AN DEM SIE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA ZUM SCHULOBERHAUPTE EINSETZTEN, DASS ALLE ZU ESSENDEN SCHLACHTOPFER, DIE GESCHLACHTET WORDEN SIND NICHT AUF IHREN NAMEN, TAUGLICH SEIEN, NUR IHREM EIGENTÜMER NICHT ALS PFLICHT ANGERECHNET WERDEN. AUSGENOMMEN DAS PESAḤOPFER UND DAS SÜNDOPFER. BEN A͑ZAJ FÜGTE NUR DAS BRANDOPFER HINZU, UND DIE WEISEN PFLICHTETEN IHM NICHT BEI.",
+ "AN JENEM TAGE SAGTEN SIE: WIE STEHT ES MIT A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE? DA ENTSCHIED R. TRYPHON, DER ARMENZEHNT [SEI ZU ENTRICHTEN]. R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA ABER ENTSCHIED, DER ZWEITE ZEHNT [SEI ZU ENTRICHTEN]. DA SPRACH R. JIŠMA͑ÉL ZU IHM: ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA, DU HAST DIES ZU BEWEISEN; DU BIST ERSCHWEREND, UND WER ERSCHWEREND IST, MUSS DEN BEWEIS BRINGEN. DA SPRACH R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA ZU IHM: MEIN BRUDER JIŠMA͑ÉL, ICH HABE AN DER REIHENFOLGE DER JAHRE NICHTS GEÄNDERT; MEIN BRUDER TRYPHON HAT DARAN GEÄNDERT, UND ER HAT DEN BEWEIS ZU BRINGEN. DA ERWIDERTE R. TRYPHON: MIÇRAJIM IST AUSLAND UND A͑MMON UND MOÁB SIND AUSLAND; WIE NUN IN MIÇRAJIM IM SIEBENTT JAHRE DER ARMENZEHNT [ZU ENTRICHTENIST], EBENSO IST IN A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ARMENZEHNT [ZU ENTRICHTEN]. DA ENTGEGNETE R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA: BABYLONIEN IST AUSLAND UND A͑MMON UND MOÁB SIND AUSLAND; WIE NUN IN BABYLONIEN IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ZWEITE ZEHNT [ZU ENTRICHTENIST], EBENSO IST IN A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ZWEITE ZEHNT [ZU ENTRICHTEN]. DA ERWIDERTE R. TRYPHON: FÜR MIÇRAJIM HABEN SIE DEN ARMENZEHNTEN DESHALB BESTIMMT, WEIL ES NAHE [VON PALÄSTINA] IST, DAMIT DIE ARMEN JISRAÉLS SICH IM SIEBENTJAHRE DARAUF STÜTZEN KÖNNEN, UND AUCH A͑MMUN UND MOÁB SIND NAHE, UND WIR MÜSSEN FÜR SIE DEN ARMENZEHNTEN BESTIMMEN, DAMIT DIE ARMEN JISRAÉLS SICH DARAUF IM SIEBENTJAHRE STÜTZEN KÖNNEN. DA SPRACH R. ELEA͑ZAR B. A͑ZARJA ZU IHM: DU WILLST IHNEN SCHEINBAR EINEN VERMÖGENSVORTEIL ZUKOMMEN LASSEN, IN WIRKLICHKEIT ABER SCHÄDIGST DU SIE AN IHREN SEELEN. DU HÄLTST DEN HIMMEL ZURÜCK, ÜBER SIE TAU UND REGEN NIEDERFALLEN ZU LASSEN. ES HEISST NÄMLICH:Darf der Mensch Gott berauben, daß ihr mich beraubt? Ihr sprecht: Wieso haben wir dich beraubt? Mit dem Zehnten und der Hebe. DA SPRACH R. JEHOŠUA͑: ICH WILL DAGEGEN ERWIDERN, WIE FÜR MEINEN BRUDER TRYPHON, ABER NICHT AUF SEINE WORTE BEZUGNEHMEND. ÜBER MIÇRAJIM WAR ESEINE NEUE BESTIMMUNG UND ÜBER BABYLONIEN WAR ES EINE ALTE BESTIMMUNG, UND AUCH UNSERE SACHEIST EINE NEUE BESTIMMUNG. MAN FOLGERE HINSICHTLICH EINER NEUEN BESTIMMUNG VON EINER NEUEN BESTIMMUNG, NICHT ABER FOLGERE MAN HINSICHTLICH EINER NEUEN BESTIMMUNG VON EINER ALTEN BESTIMMUNG, ÜBER MIÇRAJIM WAR ES EINE BESTIMMUNG DER ÄLTESTEN UND ÜBER BABYLONIEN WAR ES EINE BESTIMMUNG DER PROPHETEN, UND AUCH UNSERE SACHEIST EINE BESTIMMUNG DER A͑LTESTEN. MAN FOLGERE HINSICHTLICH EINER BESTIMMUNG DER ÄLTESTEN VON EINER BESTIMMUNG DER ÄLTESTEN, NICHT ABER FOLGERE MAN HINSICHTLICH EINER BESTIMMUNG DER ÄLTESTEN VON EINER BESTIMMUNG DER PROPHETEN. HIERAUF STIMMTEN SIE AB UND ENTSCHIEDEN, DASS IN A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ARMENZEHNT ZU ENTRICHTEN SEI. ALS R. JOSE B. DURMASQITH ZU R. ELIE͑ZER NACH LUD KAM, FRAGTE IHN DIESER: WAS NEUES GAB ES HEUTE BEI EUCH IM LEHRHAUSE? JENER ERWIDERTE: MAN STIMMTE AB UND ENTSCHIED, DASS IN A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ARMENZEHNT ZU ENTRICHTEN SEI. DA WEINTE R. ELIE͑ZER UND SPRACH:Der Rat des Herrn bei denen, die ihn fürchten, und seinen Bund tut er ihnen kund. GEH UND SAGE IHNEN: HABT KEINE BEDENKEN ÜBER EUERE ABSTIMMUNG; MIR IST ES ÜBERLIEFERT VON R. JOḤANAN B. ZAKKAJ, DER ES VON SEINEM LEHRER GEHÖRT HAT, UND SEIN LEHRER VON SEINEM LEHRER, BIS AUF EINE HALAKHA MOSES AM SINAJ, DASS IN A͑MMON UND MOÁB IM SIEBENTJAHRE DER ARMENZEHNT ZU ENTRICHTEN SEI.",
+ "AN JENEM TAGE KAM JEHUDA, EIN A͑MMONITISCHER PROSELYT, INS LEHRHAUS, TRAT VOR UND SPRACH ZU IHNEN: WIE STEHT ES MIT MIR HINSICHTLICH DER AUFNAHME IN DIE GEMEINDE? DA SPRACH R. GAMLIÉL ZU IHM: DU BIST VERBOTEN. HIERAUF SPRACH R. JEHOŠUA͑ ZU IHM: DU BIST ERLAUBT. DA SPRACH R. GAMLIÉL ZU IHM: DIE SCHRIFT SAGT:kein A͑mmoniter und kein Moa͑biter darf in die Gemeinde Gottes kommen, auch das zehnte Geschlecht &c. R. JEHOŠUA͑ ERWIDERTE: BEFINDEN SICH DENN DIE A͑MMONITER UND DIE MOA͑BITER NOCH IN IHREN WOHNORTEN!? LÄNGST ZOG SANḤERIB, DER KÖNIG VON AŠUR, HERAUF UND MISCHTE DIE VÖLKER DURCHEINANDER, WIE ES HEISST:ich entfernte die Grenzen der Völker, plünderte ihre Vorräte und stürzte die Macht der Bewohner. R. GAMLIÉL ENTGEGNETE: DIE SCHRIFT SAGT ABER:hernach will ich die Gefangenschaft der Kinder A͑mmon zurÌckführen, UND SIE SIND BEREITS ZURÜCKGEKEHRT. DA ERWIDERTE R. JEHOŠUA͑: DIE SCHRIFT SAGT JA AUCH:und die Gefangenschaft meines Volkes Jisraél führe ich zurück, UND NOCH SIND SIE NICHT ZURÜCKGEKEHRT. HIERAUF ERLAUBTEN SIE SEINE AUFNAHME IN DIE GEMEINDE.",
+ "DAS TARGUM IN DEN BÜCHERN DANIÉL UND E͑ZRA MACHT DIE HÄNDE UNREIN. TARGUM, DAS HEBRÄISCH GESCHRIEBEN IST, HEBRÄISCH, DAS TARGUMISCH GESCHRIEBEN IST, UND DIE HEBRÄISCHE SCHRIFTMACHEN DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN. ES MACHT NUR DANN UNREIN, WENN ES IN ASSYRISCHER SCHRIFT, AUF HAUT UND MIT TINTE GESCHRIEBEN IST.",
+ "DIE SADUZÄER SAGTEN: WIR KLAGEN EUCH AN, PHARISÄER, DIE IHR SAGT, [BÜCHER DER] HEILIGEN SCHRIFT MACHEN DIE HÄNDE UNREIN, WÄHREND DOCH PROFANE BÜCHERDIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN MACHEN. DA SPRACH R. JOḤANAN B. ZAKKAJ: HABEN WIR DENN NUR DIES GEGEN DIE PHARISÄER VORZUBRINGEN!? SIE SAGEN JA AUCH, DIE KNOCHEN VON EINEM ESEL SEIEN REIN, WÄHREND DIE KNOCHEN DES HOCHPRIESTERS JOḤANAN UNREINSIND. SIE ERWIDERTEN: AUF IHRER VEREHRUNG BERUHT AUCH IHRE UNREINHEIT; DAMIT MAN NICHT ETWA AUS DEN KNOCHEN SEINES VATERS UND SEINER MUTTER LÖFFEL ANFERTIGE. DA SPRACH ER ZU IHNEN: AUCH BEI DEN [BÜCHERN DER] HEILIGEN SCHRIFT BERUHT IHRE UNREINHEIT AUF IHRER VEREHRUNG; PROFANE BÜCHER ABER, DIE NICHT VEREHRT WERDEN, MACHEN DIE HÄNDE NICHT UNREIN.",
+ "DIE SADUZÄER SPRACHEN: WIR KLAGEN EUCH AN, PHARISÄER, DIE IHR DEN STRAHLALS REIN ERKLÄRT. DA SPRACHEN DIE PHARISÄER: WLR KLAGEN EUCH AN, SADUZÄER, DIE IHREINEN AUS DEM BEGRÄBNISPLATZE KOMMENDEN WASSERARM ALS REIN ERKLÄRT. DLE SADUZÄER SPRACHEN: WIR KLAGEN EUCH AN, PHARISÄER; WENN ICH SOGAR FÜR DIE SCHÄDIGUNG MEINES OCHSEN UND MEINES ESELS HAFTBAR BIN, FÜR DIE ICH KEINE HAFTBARKEIT FÜR GESETZESÜBUNG HABE, UM WIEVIEL MEHR BIN ICH FÜR DIE SCHÄDIGUNG MEINES SKLAVEN UND MEINER MAGD HAFTBAR, FÜR DIE ICH HAFTBARKEIT FÜR GESETZESÜBUNG HABE. SIE ERWIDERTEN IHNEN: NEIN, WENN IHR DIES VON MEINEM OCHSEN UND MEINEM ESEL SAGT, DIE KEINEN VERSTAND HABEN, WOLLT IHR DIES AUCH VON MEINEM SKLAVEN UND MEINER MAGD SAGEN, DIE VERSTAND HABEN!? WENN ICH SIE ERZÜRNE, KÖNNTEN SIE HINGEHEN UND DIE TENNE EINES ANDEREN IN BRAND STECKEN, UND ICH WÜRDE DANN ZUR ERSATZLEISTUNG VERPFLICHTET SEIN.",
+ "EIN GALILÄISCHER MINÄERSPRACH: ICH KLAGE EUCH AN, PHARISÄER, DIE IHR DEN NAMEN DES HERRSCHERS MIT DEM NAMEN MOŠES IM SCHEIDEBRIEFESCHREIBT. DIE PHARISÄER ERWIDERTEN: WIR KLAGEN DICH AN, GALILÄISCHER PHARISÄER, DIE IHR DEN NAMEN DES HERRSCHERS MIT DEM GOTTESNAMEN AUF EINE SEITE SCHREIBT. UND NOCH MEHR, IHR SCHREIBT DEN DES HERRSCHERS OBEN UND DEN GOTTESNAMEN UNTEN, DENN ES HEISST: und der Pareo͑ sprach: Wer ist der Herr, auf dessen Stimme ich hÆren sollte, Jisraél zu entlassen. ALS ER ABER VON DER PLAGE HEIMGESUCHT WURDE, DA SAGTE ER:Gott ist der Gerechte."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c10293e34913488292122476b6d59584123292f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/English/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "language": "en",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Yadayim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "[A minimum of] a quarter [of a log] of water must be poured over the hands for one [person] and even for two. A minimum of half a log must be poured over the hands for three or four persons. A minimum of one log [is sufficient] for five, ten, or one hundred persons. Rabbi Yose says: as long as there is not less than a quarter of a log left for the last person among them. More [water] may be added to the second water, but more may not be added to the first water.",
+ "Water may be poured over the hands out of any kind of vessel, even out of vessels made of animal dung, out of vessels made of stone or out of vessels made of clay. Water may not be poured from the sides of [broken] vessels or from the bottom of a ladle or from the stopper of a jar. Nor may one pour [water] over the hands of his fellow out of his cupped hands. Because one may not draw, nor sanctify, nor sprinkle the water of purification, nor pour water over the hands except in a vessel. And only vessels closely covered with a lid protect [their contents from uncleanness]. And only vessels protect [their contents from uncleanness] inside earthenware vessels.",
+ "Water which had become so unfit that it could not be drunk by a beast: If it was in a vessel it is invalid, But if it was in the ground it is valid. If there fell into [the water], dye, or gum or sulphate of copper and its color changed, it is invalid. If a person did any work with it or soaked his bread in it, it is invalid. Shimon of Teman says: even if he intended to soak his bread in one water and it fell into another water the water is valid.",
+ "If he cleansed vessels with the water or scrubbed measures with it, [the water] is invalid. If he rinsed with it vessels which had already been rinsed or new vessels, it is valid. Rabbi Yose declares [the water] invalid if they were new vessels.",
+ "Water in which the baker dips his loaves is invalid; but if he moistened his hands in the water it is valid. All are fit to pour water over the hands, even a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor. A person may place the jug between his knees and pour out the water, or he may turn the jug on its side and pour it out. A monkey may pour water over the hands. Rabbi Yose declares these [latter] two cases invalid."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If he poured water over one of his hands with a single rinsing his hand becomes clean. If over both his hands with a single rinsing: Rabbi Meir declares them to be unclean until he pours a minimum of a quarter of a log of water over them. If a loaf of terumah fell on the water the loaf is clean. Rabbi Yose declares it to be unclean.",
+ "If he poured the first water over his hands [while standing] in one place, and the second water over his hands [while standing] in another place, and a loaf of terumah fell on the first water, the loaf becomes unclean. But if it fell on the second water it remains clean. If he poured the first and the second water [while standing] in one place, and a loaf of terumah fell onto the water, the loaf becomes unclean. If he poured the first water over his hands and a splinter or a piece of gravel is found on his hands, [his hands] remain unclean, because the latter water only makes the first water on the hands clean. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if any creature from the water [was on the hands while they are being cleaned] they are clean.",
+ "Hands become unclean and are made clean as far as the joint. How so? If he poured the first water over the hands as far as the joint and poured the second water over the hands beyond the joint and the latter flowed back to the hands, the hands are clean. If he poured the first and the second water over the hands beyond the joint and they flowed back to the hands, the hands remain unclean. If he poured the first water over one of his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over both his hands, they are unclean. If he poured the first water over both his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over one of his hands, his one hand becomes clean. If he poured water over one of his hands and rubbed it on the other hand it remains unclean. If he rubbed it on his head or on the wall it is clean. Water may be poured over the hands of four or five persons, each hand being by the side of the other, or being one above the other, provided that the hands are held loosely so that the water flows between them.",
+ "If there was a doubt whether any work has been done with the water or not, a doubt whether the water contains the requisite quantity or not, a doubt whether it is unclean or clean, in these cases the doubt is considered to be clean because they have said in a case of doubt concerning hands as to whether they have become unclean or have conveyed uncleanness or have become clean, they are considered to be clean. Rabbi Yose says: in a case [of doubt as to] whether they have become clean they are considered to be unclean. How so? If his hands were clean and there were two unclean loaves before him and there was a doubt whether he touched them or not; Or if his hands were unclean and there were two clean loaves before him and there was a doubt whether he touched them or not; Or if one of his hands was unclean and the other clean and there were two clean loaves before him and he touched one of them and there was a doubt whether he touched it with the unclean hand or with the clean hand; Or if his hands were clean and there were two loaves before him one of which was unclean and the other clean and he touched one of them and there was a doubt whether he touched the unclean one or the clean one; Or if one of his hands was unclean and the other clean and there were two loaves before him one of which was unclean and the other clean, and he touched both of them, and there is a doubt whether the unclean hand touched the unclean loaf or whether the clean hand touched the clean loaf or whether the clean hand touched the unclean loaf or whether the unclean hand touched the clean loaf The hands remain in the same state as they were before and the loaves remain in the same state as they were before."
+ ],
+ [
+ "If a person puts his hands inside a house with scale disease, his hands have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: his hands have second degree uncleanness. Whoever defiles garments: at the time when he touches [the uncleanness], he defiles hands so that they have first degree uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Akiba. But the sages say: such that they have second degree of uncleanness. They said to Rabbi Akiba: where do we find anywhere that hands have first degree uncleanness? He said to them: but how is it possible for them to become unclean with first degree uncleanness without his whole body becoming unclean? Only in these cases [can they have first degree uncleanness]. Foods and vessels which have been defiled by liquids convey second degree of uncleanness to the hands, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been defiled by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: it happened that a certain woman came before my father and said to him, \"My hands went into the air-space inside an earthenware vessel.\" He said to her: \"My daughter, what was the cause of its uncleanness?\" But I did not hear what she said to him. The sages said: the matter is clear that which has been defiled by a father of uncleanness conveys uncleanness to the hands, but that which has been rendered unclean by an offspring of uncleanness does not defiled the hands.",
+ "Anything which disqualifies terumah defiles hands with a second degree of uncleanness. One [unwashed] hand defiles the other hand, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: that which has second degree of uncleanness cannot convey second degree of uncleanness. He said to them: But do not the Holy Scriptures which have second degree of uncleanness defile the hands? They said to him: the laws of the Torah may not be argued from the laws of the scribes, nor may the laws of the scribes be argued from the laws of the Torah, nor may the laws of the scribes be argued from [other] laws of the scribes.",
+ "The straps of the tefillin [when connected] with the tefillin [boxes] defile the hands. Rabbi Shimon says: the straps of the tefillin do not defile the hands.",
+ "The margin on a scroll which is above or below or at the beginning or at the end defiles the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the margin at the end does not render unclean [the hands] until a handle is fastened to it.",
+ "A scroll on which the writing has become erased and eighty-five letters remain, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\" (Numbers 10:35-36) defiles the hands. A single sheet on which there are written eighty-five letters, as many as are in the section beginning, \"And it came to pass when the ark set forward\", defiles the hands. All the Holy Scriptures defile the hands. The Song of Songs and Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) defile the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the Song of Songs defiles the hands, but there is a dispute about Kohelet. Rabbi Yose says: Kohelet does not defile the hands, but there is a dispute about the Song of Songs. Rabbi Shimon says: [the ruling about] Kohelet is one of the leniencies of Bet Shammai and one of the stringencies of Bet Hillel. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I have received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the academy that the Song of Songs and Kohelet defile the hands. Rabbi Akiba said: Far be it! No man in Israel disputed that the Song of Songs [saying] that it does not defile the hands. For the whole world is not as worthy as the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel; for all the writings are holy but the Song of Songs is the holy of holies. If they had a dispute, they had a dispute only about Kohelet. Rabbi Yohanan ben Joshua the son of the father-in-law of Rabbi Akiva said in accordance with the words of Ben Azzai: so they disputed and so they reached a decision."
+ ],
+ [
+ "On that day the votes were counted and they decided that a footbath holding from two logs to nine kavs which was cracked could contract midras uncleanness. Because Rabbi Akiva said a footbath [must be considered] according to its designation.",
+ "On that day they said: all animal sacrifices which have been sacrificed under the name of some other offering are [nevertheless] valid, but they are not accounted to their owners as a fulfillment of their obligations, with the exception of the pesah and the sin-offering. [This is true of] the pesah in its correct time and the sin-offering at any time. Rabbi Eliezer says: [with the exception] also of the guilt-offering; [so that this refers to] the pesah in its correct time and to the sin- and guilt-offerings at any time. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the college that all animal sacrifices which are eaten and which have not been sacrificed under their own name are nevertheless valid, but they are not accounted to their owners as a fulfillment of their obligations, with the exception of the pesah and the sin-offering. Ben Azzai only added [to these exceptions] the wholly burnt-offering, but the sages did not agree with him.",
+ "On that day they said: what is the law applying to Ammon and Moab in the seventh year? Rabbi Tarfon decreed tithe for the poor. And Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah decreed second tithe. Rabbi Ishmael said: Elazar ben Azariah, you must produce your proof because you are expressing the stricter view and whoever expresses a stricter view has the burden to produce the proof. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said to him: Ishmael, my brother, I have not deviated from the sequence of years, Tarfon, my brother, has deviated from it and the burden is upon him to produce the proof. Rabbi Tarfon answered: Egypt is outside the land of Israel, Ammon and Moab are outside the land of Israel: just as Egypt must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year, so must Ammon and Moab give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah answered: Babylon is outside the land of Israel, Ammon and Moab are outside the land of Israel: just as Babylon must give second tithe in the seventh year, so must Ammon and Moab give second tithe in the seventh year. Rabbi Tarfon said: on Egypt which is near, they imposed tithe for the poor so that the poor of Israel might be supported by it during the seventh year; so on Ammon and Moab which are near, we should impose tithe for the poor so that the poor of Israel may be supported by it during the seventh year. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said to him: Behold, you are like one who would benefit them with gain, yet you are really as one who causes them to perish. Would you rob the heavens so that dew or rain should not descend? As it is said, \"Will a man rob God? Yet you rob me. But you: How have we robbed You? In tithes and heave-offerings\" (Malakhi 3:8). Rabbi Joshua said: Behold, I shall be as one who replies on behalf of Tarfon, my brother, but not in accordance with the substance of his arguments. The law regarding Egypt is a new act and the law regarding Babylon is an old act, and the law which is being argued before us is a new act. A new act should be argued from [another] new act, but a new act should not be argued from an old act. The law regarding Egypt is the act of the elders and the law regarding Babylon is the act of the prophets, and the law which is being argued before us is the act of the elders. Let one act of the elders be argued from [another] act of the elders, but let not an act of the elders be argued from an act of the prophets. The votes were counted and they decided that Ammon and Moab should give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. And when Rabbi Yose ben Durmaskit visited Rabbi Eliezer in Lod he said to him: what new thing did you have in the house of study today? He said to him: their votes were counted and they decided that Ammon and Moab must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year. Rabbi Eliezer wept and said: \"The counsel of the Lord is with them that fear him: and his covenant, to make them know it\" (Psalms 25:14). Go and tell them: Don't worry about your voting. I received a tradition from Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai who heard it from his teacher, and his teacher from his teacher, and so back to a halachah given to Moses from Sinai, that Ammon and Moab must give tithe for the poor in the seventh year.",
+ "On that day Judah, an Ammonite convert, came and stood before them in the house of study. He said to them: Do I have the right to enter into the assembly? Rabban Gamaliel said to him: you are forbidden. Rabbi Joshua said to him: you are permitted. Rabban Gamaliel said to him: the verse says, \"An Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord: even to the tenth generation\" (Deuteronomy 23:4). R. Joshua said to him: But are the Ammonites and Moabites still in their own territory? Sanheriv, the king of Assyria, has long since come up and mingled all the nations, as it is said: \"In that I have removed the bounds of the peoples, and have robbed their treasures, and have brought down as one mighty the inhabitants\" (Isaiah 10:1. Rabban Gamaliel said to him: the verse says, \"But afterward I will bring back the captivity of the children of Ammon,\" (Jeremiah 49:6) they have already returned. Rabbi Joshua said to him: [another] verse says, \"I will return the captivity of my people Israel and Judah\" (Jeremiah 30:3). Yet they have not yet returned. So they permitted him to enter the assembly.",
+ "The Aramaic sections in Ezra and Daniel defile the hands. If an Aramaic section was written in Hebrew, or a Hebrew section was written in Aramaic, or [Hebrew which was written with] Hebrew script, it does not defile the hands. It never defiles the hands until it is written in the Assyrian script, on parchment, and in ink.",
+ "The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, because you say that the Holy Scriptures defile the hands, but the books of Homer do not defile the hands. Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Have we nothing against the Pharisees but this? Behold they say that the bones of a donkey are clean, yet the bones of Yohanan the high priest are unclean. They said to him: according to the affection for them, so is their impurity, so that nobody should make spoons out of the bones of his father or mother. He said to them: so also are the Holy Scriptures according to the affection for them, so is their uncleanness. The books of Homer which are not precious do not defile the hands.",
+ "The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, that you declare an uninterrupted flow of a liquid to be clean. The Pharisees say: we complain against you, Sadducees, that you declare a stream of water which flows from a burial-ground to be clean? The Sadducees say: we complain against you, Pharisees, that you say, my ox or donkey which has done injury is liable, yet my male or female slave who has done injury is not liable. Now if in the case of my ox or my donkey for which I am not responsible if they do not fulfill religious duties, yet I am responsible for their damages, in the case of my male or female slave for whom I am responsible to see that they fulfill mitzvot, how much more so that I should be responsible for their damages? They said to them: No, if you argue about my ox or my donkey which have no understanding, can you deduce from there anything concerning a male or female slave who do have understanding? So that if I were to anger either of them and they would go and burn another person's stack, should I be liable to make restitution?",
+ "A Galilean min said: I complain against you Pharisees, that you write the name of the ruler and the name of Moses together on a divorce document. The Pharisees said: we complain against you, Galilean min, that you write the name of the ruler together with the divine name on a single page [of Torah]? And furthermore that you write the name of the ruler above and the divine name below? As it is said, \"And Pharoah said, Who is the Lord that I should hearken to his voice to let Israel go?\" (Exodus 5:2) But when he was smitten what did he say? \"The Lord is righteous\" (Exodus 9:27)."
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
+ "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95656a0c97960f1b8c8d3bf0697569500bdd5e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "license": "PD",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "א\nמֵי רְבִיעִית נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, \nלְאֶחָד, אַף לִשְׁנַיִם. \nמַחֲצִי לֹג, לִשְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ לְאַרְבָּעָה. \nמִלֹּג, לַחֲמִשָּׁה וְלַעֲשָׂרָה וְלַמֵּאָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֹת לְאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהֶם מֵרְבִיעִית. \nמוֹסִיפִין עַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים, \nוְאֵין מוֹסִיפִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. \n",
+ "ב\nבְּכָל הַכֵּלִים נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, \nאֲפִלּוּ בִכְלֵי גְלָלִים, \nבִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה. \nוְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם לֹא בְּדָפְנוֹת הַכֵּלִים, \nוְלֹא בְּשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, \nוְלֹא בִּמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית. \nוְלֹא יִתֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ בְּחָפְנָיו, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְמַלִּין, \nוְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין, \nוְאֵין מַזִּין מֵי חַטָּאת, \nוְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לַיָּדַיִם אֶלָּא בְּכֶלִי. \nוְאֵין מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל אֶלָּא כֵּלִים, \nשֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶס אֶלָּא כֵּלִים. \n",
+ "ג\nהַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ מִשְּׁתִיַּת בְּהֵמָה, \nבַּכֵּלִים, פְּסוּלִין, \nוּבַקַּרְקָעוֹת, כְּשֵׁרִים. \nנָפַל לְתוֹכָן דְּיוֹ, קוּמוֹס, וְקַלַקַנְתּוֹס, \nוְנִשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵיהֶן, פְּסוּלִין. \nעָשָׂה בָּהֶן מְלָאכָה, \nאוֹ שֶׁשָּׁרָה בָהֶן פִּתּוֹ, \nפְּסוּלִין. \nשִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּמְנִי אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוַּן לִשְׁרוֹת בָּזֶה וְנָפַל לַשֵּׁנִי, \nכְּשֵׁרִין. \n",
+ "ד\nהֵדִיחַ בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים, \nאוֹ שֶׁמֵּחָה בָהֶן אֶת הַמִּדּוֹת, \nפְּסוּלִין. \nהֵדִיחַ בָּהֶן כֵּלִים מוּדָחִין אוֹ חֲדָשִׁין, <בַּחֲדָשִׁין>\nכְּשֵׁרִים. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה פוֹסֵל בַּחֲדָשִׁין. \n",
+ "ה\nהַמַּיִם שֶׁהַנַּחְתּוֹם מַטְבִּיל בָּהֶן אֶת הַקְּלוֹסְקִין, \nפְּסוּלִין. \nכְּשֶׁהוּא מֵדִיחַ בָּהֶן אֶת יָדָיו, כְּשֵׁרִין. \nהַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִין לִתֵּן לַיָּדַיִם, \nאֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. \nמַנִּיחַ חָבִית בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו, וְנוֹטֵל, \nוּמַטֶּה חָבִית עַל צִדָּהּ, וְנוֹטֵל. \nוְהַקּוֹף נוֹתֵן לַיָּדַיִם. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה פּוֹסֵל בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nנָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, \nיָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. \nלִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיִטֹּל מֵרְבִיעִית. \nנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, טָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מְטַמֵּא. \n",
+ "ב\nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nוְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nוְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nעַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִין, טָמֵא, \nוְעַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים, טָהוֹר. \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּין לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nוְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, טָמֵא. \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, \nוְנִמְצָא עַל יָדָיו קֵיסָם אוֹ צְרוֹר, \nיָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת, \nשֶׁאֵין הַמַּיִם אַחֲרוֹנִין מְטַהֲרִין \nאֶלָּא מַיִם שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַיָּד. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא מִבִּרְיַת הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר. \n",
+ "ג\nהַיָּדַיִם מִטַּמּוֹת וּמִטַּהֲרוֹת עַד הַפֶּרֶק. <וּמֵי טַהֲרוֹת>\nכֵּיצַד? \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין עַד הַפֶּרֶק, \nוְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּין חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק, \nוְחָזְרוּ לְיָד, טְהוֹרָה. \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּין חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק, \nוְחָזְרוּ לְיָד, טְמֵאָה. \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, \nוְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּין לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, \nיָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת. \nנָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִין לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, \nוְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּין לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, \nיָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. \nנָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, \nוְשִׁפְשְׁפָהּ בַּחֲבַרְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. \nבְּרֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. \nנוֹטְלִין אַרְבָּעָה חֲמִשָּׁה זֶה בְצַד זֶה, \nאוֹ זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּרָפוּ, \nשֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ בָהֶן הַמַּיִם. \n",
+ "ד\nסָפֵק נַעֲשָׂה בָהֶן מְלָאכָה, \nסָפֵק לֹא נַעְשָׂה בָהֶן מְלָאכָה, \nסָפֵק יֵשׁ בָּהֶן כַּשֵּׁעוּר, \nסָפֵק אֵין בָּהֶן כַּשֵּׁעוּר, \nסָפֵק טְמֵאִין, סָפֵק טְהוֹרִין, \nסְפֵקָן טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ: \nסְפֵק הַיָּדַיִם לִטַּמֵּא וּלְטַמֵּא וְלִטְהַר, \nטָהוֹר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nלִטְהַר, טָמֵא. \nה\nכֵּיצַד? \nהָיוּ טְהוֹרוֹת יָדָיו, \nוּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִין טְמֵאִין, \nסָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע; \nהָיוּ יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת, \nוּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִין טְהוֹרִין, \nסָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע; \nהָיוּ יָדָיו (טְמֵאוֹת!) אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, \nוּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִין טְהוֹרִין, \nנָגַע בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן, \nסָפֵק בִּטְמֵאָה נָגַע, סָפֵק בִּטְהוֹרָה נָגַע; \nהָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת, \nוּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִין, \nאֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, \nנָגַע בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן, <בְּאַחַד>\nסָפֵק בִּטְמֵאָה נָגַע, סָפֵק בִּטְהוֹרָה נָגַע; \nהָיוּ יָדָיו אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, \nוּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִין, \nאֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, \nנָגַע בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, \nסָפֵק טְמֵאָה בִטְמֵאָה וּטְהוֹרָה בִּטְהוֹרָה, \nאוֹ טְהוֹרָה בִטְמֵאָה וּטְמֵאָה בִּטְהוֹרָה, <אוֹ טְמֵאָה בִּטְהוֹרָה בִטְמֵאָה>\nהַיָּדַיִם כְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ, \nהַכִּכָּרִין כְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ. \n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nהַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו בְּבֵית הַמְנֻגָּע, \nיָדָיו תְּחִלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיָדָיו שְׁנִיּוֹת. \nכָּל הַמְּטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים בְּשָׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nלִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ לִרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nהֵיכָן מָצִינוּ שֶׁהַיָּדַיִם [תְּחִלָּה] בְכָל מָקוֹם? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nוְכִי הֵיאָךְ אֵיפְשָׁר לָהֶן לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה, \nאֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטַּמָּא גוּפוֹ? \nחוּץ מִזֶּה. \nהָאֳכָלִין וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטַּמּוּ בַּמַשְׁקִים, <הָאֳכְלִין>\nמְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֶת שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם; \nבִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, \nאֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nב\nאָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁבָּאָה לִפְנֵי אַבָּא, \nאָמְרָה לוֹ: \n\"נִכְנְסוּ יָדַי לַאֲוֵיר כְּלִי חֶרֶס\". \nאָמַר לָהּ: \n\"וּבַמָּה הָיְתָה טֻמְאָתוֹ?\" \nוְלֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי מָה אָמְרָה לוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \nמְבֹאָר הַדָּבָר! \nאֶת שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם; \nבִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, \nאֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \n",
+ "ג\nכָּל הַפּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. \nוְהַיָּד מְטַמָּא אֶת חֲבַרְתָּהּ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nוַהֲלֹא כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שְׁנִיִּין, \nוּמְטַמִּין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם? \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nאֵין דָּנִין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִין, \nוְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, \nוְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִין מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִין. \n",
+ "ד\nרְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין עִם הַתְּפִלִּין, \nמְטַמּוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nרְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין אֵינָן מְטַמְּאוֹת הַיָּדַיִם. \n",
+ "ה\nגִּלָּיוֹן שֶׁבַּסֵּפֶר, \nשֶׁמִּלְמַעְלָן וְשֶׁלְּמַטָּן, \nשֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה וְשֶׁבַּסּוֹף, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשֶׁבַּסּוֹף אֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nעַד שֶׁיַּעְשֶׂה לוֹ עַמּוּד. \n",
+ "ו\nסֵפֶר שֶׁנִּמְחַק, \nוְנִשְׁתַּיַּר בּוֹ שְׁמוֹנִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה אוֹתִיּוֹת, \nכְּפָרָשַׁת \"וַיְהִי בִנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן\", (במדבר יא, לב-לו) \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nמְגִלָּה שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ שְׁמוֹנִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה אוֹתִיּוֹת, \nכְּפָרָשַׁת \"וַיְהִי בִנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן\", \nמְטַמָּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nכָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמִּין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nוְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמּוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nז\nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nוְקֹהֶלֶת, מַחְלֹקֶת. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nקֹהֶלֶת אֵינָה מְטַמְּאָה אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nוְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים, מַחְלֹקֶת. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nקֹהֶלֶת מִקָּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמְחָמְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל. \nח\nאָמַר רְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּי: \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זְקֵנִים, \nבְּיוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רְבִּי לְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, \nשֶׁשִּׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמּוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nט\nאָמַר רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nחַס וְשָׁלוֹם! \nלֹא נֶחְלַק אָדָן מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל עַל שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים, \nשֶׁלֹּא תְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nשֶׁאֵין הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ כְּדַי, \nכְּיוֹם שֶׁנִּתְּנָה שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nשֶׁכָּל הַכְּתוּבִים קֹדֶשׁ, \nוְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים. \nוְאִם נֶחְלָקוּ, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ [אֶלָּא] עַל קֹהֶלֶת. \nאָמַר יוֹחָנָן בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ בֶּן חָמִיו שֶׁלִּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nכְּדִבְרֵי בֶן עַזַּי, \nכֵּן נֶחְלָקוּ וְכֵן גָּמָרוּ. <נַחְלָקוּ>\n\n\n\n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "א\nבּוֹ בַיּוֹם נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ עַל עֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם, \nשֶׁהִיא מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין, <וְעַל>\nשֶׁנִּסְדָּקָה, שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. \nשֶׁרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nעֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם כִּשְׁמָהּ. \n",
+ "ב\nבּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ: \nכָּל זְבָחִים שֶׁנִּזְבָּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, \nכְּשֵׁרִים, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִין מִשֵּׁם חוֹבָה, \nחוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת, \nהַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, \nוְהַחַטָּאת בְּכָל זְמַן. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הָאָשָׁם: \nהַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, \nוְהַחַטָּאת וְהָאָשָׁם בְּכָל זְמַן. \nאָמַר שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּי: \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, \nבְּיוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בִּישִׁיבָה, \nשֶׁכָּל הַזְּבָחִין הַנֶּאֱכָלִין שֶׁנִּזְבָּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, \nכְּשֵׁרִין, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים מִשֵּׁם חוֹבָה, \nחוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת. \nלֹא הוֹסִיף בֶּן עַזַּי אֶלָּא הָעוֹלָה, \nוְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים. \n",
+ "ג\nבּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ: \nעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַה הֵן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית? \nוְגָזַר רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן: \nמַעְשַׂר עָנִי; <מַעֲשֵׂר עָנִי! וכן כולם>\nוְגָזַר רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: \nמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: \n\"אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה! \nעָלֶיךָ רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד, שֶׁאַתָּה מַחֲמִיר! \nשֶׁכָּל הַמַּחֲמִיר, עָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד.\" \nד\nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: \n\"יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי! \nאֲנִי לֹא שִׁנִּיתִי מִסֵּדֶר הַשָּׁנִים, \nרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן אָחִי שִׁנָּה, \nוְעָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד!\" \nה\nהֵשִׁיב רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן: \nמִצְרַיִם חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nוְעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ; \nמַה מִּצְרַיִם מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית, \nאַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעְשַׂר [עָנִי] בַשְּׁבִיעִית. \nו\nהֵשִׁיב רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: \nבָּבֶל חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ; \nמַה בָּבֶל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, \nאַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. \nז\nאָמַר רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן: \nמִצְרַיִם מִפְּנֵי קְרוֹבָה, \nעֲשָׂאוּהָ מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, \nשֶׁיְּהוּא עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִין עָלֶיהָ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, <שֶׁיְּהֵא>\nאַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב שֶׁהֵן קְרוֹבִין, \nנֶעְשִׂין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, \nשֶׁיְּהוּא עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִין עֲלֵיהֶן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. \nח\nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: \nהֲרֵי אַתָּה כְּמַהֲנָן מָמוֹן, \nוְאֵין אַתָּה אֶלָּא כְּמַפְסִידָן נְפָשׁוֹת! \nוְקוֹבֵעַ אַתָּה אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם מִלְּהוֹרִיד טַל וּמָטָר, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (מַלְאָכִי ג,ח) \n\"הֲיִקְבַּע אָדָם אֱלהִים? \nכִּי אַתֶּם קֹבְעִים אוֹתִי! \nוַאֲמַרְתֶּם: בַּמֶּה קְבַעֲנוּךָ? \nהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַתְּרוּמָה\". \nט\nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \n\"הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְּמֵשִׁיב עַל דִּבְרֵי אָחִי טַרְפוֹן, \nאֲבָל לֹא לְעִנְיַן דְּבָרָיו: \nמִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, \nוּבָבֶל מַעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן, \nוְהַנָּדוֹן שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ. \nיִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, \nוְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן! \nמִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, \nוּבָבֶל מַעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִין, \nוְהַנָּדוֹן שֶׁלְפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים. \nיִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, \nוְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִים!\" \nנִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ: \nעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. \nי\nוּכְשֶׁבָּא רְבִּי יוֹסֵה בֶן דָּרְמַסְקִית \nאֵצֶל רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְלוֹד, אָמַר לוֹ: \n\"מַה חִדּוּשׁ הָיָה לָכֶם בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ הַיּוֹם?\" \nאָמַר לוֹ: \n\"נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ, \nעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית.\" \nיא\nבָּכָה רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאָמַר: (תהלים כה,יד) \n\"סוֹד יי לִירֵאָיו וּבְרִיתוֹ לְהוֹדִיעָם\", \nצֵא וֶאֱמֹר לָהֶן: \nאַל תָּחוּשׁוּ לְמִנְיַנְכֶם! \nמְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי, \nשֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ, וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ, \nהֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, \nשֶׁעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית.\" \n",
+ "יב\nבּוֹ בַּיּוֹם בָּא יְהוּדָה גֵר עַמּוֹנִי, \nוְעָמַד לִפְנֵיהֶן בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \n\"מָה אֲנִי לָבֹא בַּקָּהָל?\" \nאָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \n\"אָסוּר אַתָּה.\" \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \n\"מֻתָּר אַתָּה.\" \nאָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nהַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: (דברים כג,ד) \n\"לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי בִקְהַל יי, \n[גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי]\". <עַד עוֹלָם> \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nוְכִי עַמּוֹנִיִּין וּמוֹאָבִיִּין בִּמְקוֹמָן הֵן? \nכְּבָר עָלָה סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר, \nוּבִלְבֵּל אֶת הָאֻמּוֹת, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (ישעיה י,יג) \n\"וְאָסִיר גְּבוּלת עַמִּים, \nוַעֲתוּדֹתֵיהֶם שׁוֹשֵׂתִי, \nוְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים\". \nאָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \n\"הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: (ירמיה מט,ו) \n\"וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן אָשִׁיב אֶת שְׁבוּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן\", \nוּכְבָר חָזָרוּ.\" \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \n\"הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: (עמוס ט,יד) \n\"וְשַׁבְתִּי אֶת שְׁבוּת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה, \nאָמַר יי\", \nוַעֲדַיִן לֹא שָׁבוּ.\" \nוְהִתִּירוּהוּ שֶׁיָּבֹא בַּקָּהָל. \n",
+ "יג\nתֶּרְגּוּם שֶׁבְּעֶזְרָא וְשֶׁבְּדָנִיֵּאל, \nמְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nתֶּרְגּוּם שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית, \nוְעִבְרִי שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ תֶּרְגּוּם, \nוּכְתָב עִבְרִי, \nאֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא, \nעַד שֶׁיִּכְתְּבֶנּוּ אַשּׁוּרִית, עַל הָעוֹר, וּבַדְּיוֹ. \n",
+ "יד\nאוֹמְרִין צָדוֹקִין: \nקוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶן פָּרוּשִׁין! \nשֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים: \nכִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, \nוְסִפְרֵי מֵירוֹן אֵין מְטַמִּין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם! \nאָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּי: \nוְכִי אֵין לָנוּ עַל הַפָּרוּשִׁין אֶלָּא זוֹ בִּלְבַד? \nהֲרֵי הֵם אוֹמְרִים: \nעַצְמוֹת חֲמוֹר טְהוֹרִין, \nוְעַצְמוֹת יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל טְמֵאִין. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן, \nשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם עַצְמוֹת אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ תָרְוָדוֹת. \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nאַף כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, \nלְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן. \nוְסִפְרֵי מֵירוֹן, שֶׁאֵינָן חֲבִיבִין, \nאֵינָן מְטַמִּין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. \n",
+ "טו\nאוֹמְרִים צָדוּקִין: \nקוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶן פָּרוּשִׁים! \nשֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִין אֶת הַנָּצוֹק. \nאוֹמְרִים פָּרוּשִׁין: \nקוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם צָדוּקִים! \nשֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִין אֶת אַמַּת הַמַּיִם \nהַבָּאָה מִבֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת. \nאוֹמְרִים צָדוּקִים: \nקוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם פָּרוּשִׁין! \nמָה אִם שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, \nשֶׁאֵינִי חַיָּב בָּהֶן מִצְוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֲנִי חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן, \nעַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב בָּהֶן מִצְוֹת, \nאֵינוּ דִין שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן? \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם: \nלֹא! \nאִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בְּשׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, \nשֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן דַּעַת, \nתֹּאמְרוּ בְעַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי, \nשֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶם דַּעַת? \nשֶׁאִם אַקְנִיטֶנּוּ, \nיֵלֵךְ וְיַדְלִיק גְּדִישׁוֹ שֶׁלְּאַחַד, \nוֶאֱהֵא חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם? \n",
+ "יז\nאָמַר מִין גְּלִילִי: \nקוֹבֵל אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶן פָּרוּשִׁין! \nשֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם משֶׁה בַגֵּט. \nאוֹמְרִים פָּרוּשִׁין: \nקוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ מִין גְּלִילִי! \nשֶׁאַתָּה כּוֹתֵב אֶת הַשֵּׁם עִם הַמּוֹשֵׁל בַּדַּף, \nוְלֹא עוֹד, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל מִלְמַעְלָן, \nוְאֶת הַשֵּׁם מִלְּמַטָּן: (שמות ה,ב) \n\"וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעה, \nמִי יי אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ לְשַׁלַּח אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל\". \nוּכְשֶׁלָּקָה מַהוּ אוֹמֵר? (שמות ט,כז) \n\"יי הַצַּדִּיק\". \n\n\n"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e465b83e46d7c099b8ed3dfadc3fa66012dac006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
+ "versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 2.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "digitizedBySefaria": true,
+ "heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "מי רביעית נותנין לידים לאחד. אף לשנים. מחצית לוג. לשלשה. או לארבעה. מלוג לחמשה. ולעשרה. ולמאה. רבי יוסי אומר ובלבד שלא יפחות לאחרון שבהם מרביעית. מוסיפין על השניים ואין מוסיפין על הראשונים: ",
+ "בכל הכלים נותנין לידים. אפילו בכלי גללים. בכלי אבנים. בכלי אדמה. אין נותנין לידים. לא בדפנות הכלים. ולא בשולי המחץ. ולא במגופת החבית. ולא יתן לחבירו בחפניו. מפני שאין ממלאין ואין מקדשין ואין מזין מי חטאת ואין נותנים לידים אלא בכלי. ואין מצילין בצמיד פתיל אלא כלים. שאין מצילין מיד כלי חרש אלא כלים: ",
+ "המים שנפסלו משתית הבהמה. בכלים פסולים. ובקרקעות כשרים. נפל לתוכן דיו. קומוס. וקנקנתום. ונשתנו מראיהן. פסולין. עשה בהם מלאכה. או ששרה בהן פתו. פסולין. שמעון התימני אומר אפילו נתכוין לשרות בזה. ונפל לשני. כשרים: ",
+ "הדיח בהם את הכלים. או שמיחה בהם את המדות. פסולים. הדיח בהם כלים מודחים. או חדשים. כשרים. ר' יוסי פוסל בחדשים: ",
+ "המים שהנחתום מטביל בהם את הגלוסקין פסולים. וכשהוא מדיח את ידיו בהן. כשרים. הכל כשרים ליתן לידים. אפילו חרש שוטה וקטן. מניח חבית בין ברכיו ונוטל. מטה חבית על צדה ונוטל. והקוף נוטל לידים. ר' יוסי פוסל בשני אלו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "נטל לידו אחת משטיפה אחת. ידו טהורה. לשני ידיו. משטיפה אחת. ר' מאיר מטמא עד שיטול מרביעית. נפל ככר של תרומה טהור. רבי יוסי מטמא: ",
+ "נטל את הראשונים למקום אחד. ואת השניים למקום אחר. ונפל ככר של תרומה על הראשונים טמא. ועל השניים טהור. נטל את הראשונים ואת השניים למקום אחד ונפל ככר של תרומה טמא. נטל את הראשונים ונמצא על ידיו קיסם. או צרור. ידיו טמאות. שאין המים האחרונים מטהרים אלא המים שעל גבי היד. ר' שמעון בן גמליאל אומר כל שהוא מבריית המים טהור: ",
+ "הידים מיטמאות. ומיטהרות. עד הפרק. כיצד נטל את הראשונים עד הפרק. ואת השניים חוץ לפרק. וחזרו ליד. טהורה. נטל את הראשונים ואת השניים. חוץ לפרק. וחזרו ליד. טמאה. נטל את הראשונים לידו אחת. ונמלך. ונטל את השניים לשתי ידיו. טמאות. נטל את הראשונים לשתי ידיו ונמלך ונטל את השניים לידו אחת. ידו טהורה. נטל לידו אחת. ושפשפה בחברתה. טמאה. בראשו או בכותל טהורה. נוטלין ארבעה וחמשה. זה בצד זה. או זה על גבי זה. ובלבד שירפו. שיבואו בהם המים: ",
+ "ספק נעשה בהם מלאכה ספק לא נעשה בהם מלאכה. ספק יש בהם כשיעור. ספק שאין בהם כשיעור. ספק טמאים. ספק טהורין. ספיקן טהור. מפני שאמרו ספק הידים ליטמא ולטמא וליטהר טהור. ר' יוסי אומר ליטהר. טמא. כיצד היו ידיו טהורות. ולפניו שני ככרים טמאים. ספק נגע ספק לא נגע. היו ידיו טמאות. ולפניו שני ככרים טהורים. ספק נגע ספק לא נגע. היו ידיו אחת טמאה ואחת טהורה. ולפניו שני ככרים טהורים. נגע באחד מהם. ספק בטמאה נגע. ספק בטהורה נגע. היו ידיו טהורות ולפניו שני ככרים. אחד טמא ואחד טהור. נגע באחד מהן. ספק בטמא נגע. ספק בטהור נגע. היו ידיו אחת טמאה ואחת טהורה. ולפניו שני ככרים. אחד טמא ואחד טהור. נגע בשתיהן. ספק טמאה בטמאה. וטהורה בטהורה. או טהורה בטמאה. וטמאה בטהורה. הידים כמו שהיו. והככרים כמות שהיו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "המכניס ידיו לבית המנוגע. ידיו תחלות דברי ר' עקיבא. וחכמים אומרים ידיו שניות. כל המטמא בגדים בשעת מגעו. מטמא את הידים. להיות תחלות. דברי ר' עקיבא. וחכמים אומרים להיות שניות. אמרו לו לר' עקיבא. היכן מצינו שהידים תחלה בכל מקום. אמר להם וכי היאך אפשר להן להיות תחלה. אלא אם כן נטמא גופו. חוץ מזה. האוכלין והכלים שנטמאו במשקין מטמאין את הידים להיות שניות. דברי ר' יהושע. וחכמים אומרים את שנטמא באב הטומאה. מטמא את הידים. בולד הטומאה אינו מטמא את הידים. אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל מעשה באשה אחת שבאת לפני אבא. אמרה לו נכנסו ידי לאויר כלי חרש. אמר לה בתי ובמה היתה טומאתה. ולא שמעתי מה אמרה לו. אמרו חכמים מבואר הדבר. את שנטמא באב הטומאה. מטמא את הידים. בולד הטומאה. אינו מטמא את הידים: ",
+ "כל הפוסל את התרומה. מטמא את הידים להיות שניות. היד מטמאה את חברתה. דברי ר' יהושע. וחכמים אומרים אין שני עושה שני. אמר להם והלא כתבי הקדש שניים. מטמאין את הידים. אמרו לו אין דנין דברי תורה מדברי סופרים. ולא דברי סופרים מדברי תורה. ולא דברי סופרים מדברי סופרים: ",
+ "רצועות תפילין עם התפילין מטמאות את הידים. ר' שמעון אומר רצועות תפילין. אינן מטמאות את הידים: ",
+ "גליון שבספר שמלמעלן ושמלמטן שבתחלה ושבסוף. מטמאין את הידים. ר' יהודה אומר שבסוף אינו מטמא. עד שיעשה לו עמוד: ",
+ "ספר שנמחק ונשתייר בו שמונים וחמש אותיות. כפרשת ויהי בנסוע הארון. מטמא את הידים. מגילה שכתוב בה שמונים וחמש אותיות. כפרשת ויהי בנסוע הארון. מטמא את הידים. כל כתבי הקדש מטמאין את הידים. שיר השירים וקהלת. מטמאין את הידים. ר' יהודה אומר שיר השירים מטמא את הידים. וקהלת מחלוקת. ר' יוסי אומר קהלת אינו מטמא את הידים. ושיר השירים מחלוקת. ר' שמעון אומר קהלת מקולי בית שמאי. ומחומרי בית הלל. אמר ר' שמעון בן עזאי. מקובל אני מפי שבעים שנים זקן ביום שהושיבו את ר' אלעזר בן עזריה בישיבה. ששיר השירים וקהלת מטמאים את הידים. אמר ר' עקיבא חס ושלום. לא נחלק אדם מישראל על שיר השירים. שלא תטמא את הידים. שאין כל העולם כלו כדאי כיום שניתן בו שיר השירים לישראל. שכל כתובים קדש. ושיר השירים קודש קדשים. ואם נחלקו. לא נחלקו אלא על קהלת. אמר ר' יוחנן בן יהושע בן חמיו של ר' עקיבא כדברי בן עזאי כך נחלקו וכן גמרו: "
+ ],
+ [
+ "בו ביום נמנו וגמרו. על עריבת הרגלים שהוא משני לוגין. ועד תשעה קבין שנסדקה. שהיא טמאה מדרס. שר' עקיבא אומר עריבת הרגלים כשמה. ",
+ "בו ביום אמרו. כל הזבחים שנזבחו שלא לשמן כשרים. אלא שלא עלו לבעלים לשום חובה. חוץ מן הפסח. ומן החטאת. הפסח בזמנו. והחטאת בכל זמן. ר' אליעזר אומר אף האשם. הפסח בזמנו. והחטאת והאשם בכל זמן. אמר ר' שמעון בן עזאי. מקובלני מפי שבעים ושנים זקן ביום שהושיבו את ר' אלעזר בן עזריה בישיבה. שכל הזבחים הנאכלין. שנזבחו שלא לשמן. כשרים. אלא שלא עלו לבעלים לשם חובה. חוץ מן הפסח ומן החטאת. לא הוסיף בן עזאי אלא העולה. ולא הודו לו חכמים: ",
+ "בו ביום אמרו עמון ומואב מה הן בשביעית. גזר ר' טרפון מעשר עני. וגזר ר' אלעזר בן עזריה מעשר שני. אמר ר' ישמעאל. אלעזר בן עזריה עליך ראיה ללמד. שאתה מחמיר שכל המחמיר עליו ראיה ללמד. אמר לו ר' אלעזר בן עזריה. ישמעאל אחי. אני לא שניתי מסדר השנים. טרפון אחי שינה. ועליו ראיה ללמד. השיב ר' טרפון מצרים חוצה לארץ. עמון ומואב חוצה לארץ. מה מצרים מעשר עני בשביעית. אף עמון ומואב מעשר עני בשביעית. השיב ר' אלעזר בן עזריה. בבל חוצה לארץ. עמון ומואב חוצה לארץ. מה בבל מעשר שני בשביעית. אף עמון ומואב מעשר שני בשביעית. אמר ר' טרפון. מצרים שהיא קרובה עשאוה מעשר עני. שיהיו עניי ישראל נסמכים עליה בשביעית. אף עמון ומואב שהם קרובים נעשים מעשר עני. שיהיו עניי ישראל נסמכים עליהם בשביעית. אמר לו ר' אלעזר בן עזריה הרי אתה כמהנן ממון. ואין אתה אלא כמפסיד נפשות. קובע אתה את השמים. מלהוריד טל ומטר שנאמר (מלאכי ג, ח) היקבע אדם אלהים כי אתם קובעים אותי ואמרתם במה קבענוך המעשר והתרומה. אמר ר' יהושע הריני כמשיב על טרפון אחי. אבל לא לענין דבריו. מצרים מעשה חדש ובבל מעשה ישן והנדון שלפנינו מעשה חדש. ידון מעשה חדש ממעשה חדש. ואל ידון מעשה חדש ממעשה ישן. מצרים מעשה זקנים. ובבל מעשה נביאים. והנדון שלפנינו מעשה זקנים. ידון מעשה זקנים ממעשה זקנים. ואל ידון מעשה זקנים ממעשה נביאים. נמנו וגמרו עמון ומואב מעשרין מעשר עני בשביעית. וכשבא ר' יוסי בן דורמסקית אצל רבי אליעזר בלוד. אמר לו מה חדוש היה לכם בבית המדרש היום. אמר לו נמנו וגמרו. עמון ומואב מעשרים מעשר עני בשביעית. בכה רבי אליעזר ואמר (תהלים כה, יד) סוד ה' ליראיו ובריתו להודיעם. צא ואמור להם אל תחושו למנינכם. מקובל אני מרבן יוחנן בן זכאי ששמע מרבו. ורבו מרבו. עד הלכה למשה מסיני. שעמון ומואב מעשרין מעשר עני בשביעית: ",
+ "בו ביום בא יהודה גר עמוני. ועמד לפניהן בבית המדרש. אמר להם מה אני לבא בקהל. אמר לו ר' גמליאל אסור אתה. אמר לו ר' יהושע מותר אתה. אמר לו ר' גמליאל הכתוב אומר (דברים כג, ד) לא יבא עמוני ומואבי בקהל ה' גם דור עשירי וגו'. אמר לו רבי יהושע. וכי עמונים ומואבים במקומן הן. כבר עלה סנחריב מלך אשור. ובלבל את כל האומות. שנאמר (ישעיה י, יג) ואסיר גבולות עמים. ועתידותיהם שוסתי. ואוריד כביר יושבים. אמר לו ר' גמליאל. הכתוב אומר (ירמיה מט, ו) ואחרי כן אשיב את שבות בני עמון. וכבר חזרו. אמר לו ר' יהושע. הכתוב אומר (ירמיה ל, ג) ושבתי את שבות עמי ישראל ויהודה ועדיין לא שבו. התירוהו לבא בקהל: ",
+ "תרגום שבעזרא ושבדניאל מטמא את הידים. תרגום. שכתבו עברית ועברית שכתבו תרגום. וכתב עברי. אינו מטמא את הידים. לעולם אינו מטמא עד שיכתבנו אשורית על העור. ובדיו: ",
+ "אומרים צדוקים. קובלין אנו עליכם פרושים. שאתם אומרים כתבי הקודש מטמאין את הידים וספרי הומריס אינו מטמא את הידים. אמר ר' יוחנן בן זכאי וכי אין לנו על הפרושים אלא זו בלבד. הרי הם אומרים עצמות חמור טהורים ועצמות יוחנן כהן גדול טמאים. אמרו לו. לפי חבתן היא טומאתן שלא יעשה אדם עצמות אביו ואמו תרוודות. אמר להם אף כתבי הקדש לפי חבתן היא טומאתן. וספרי הומריס שאינן חביבין אינן מטמאין את הידים: ",
+ "אומרים צדוקין. קובלין אנו עליכם פרושים. שאתם מטהרים את הנצוק. אומרים הפרושים. קובלין אנו עליכם צדוקים. שאתם מטהרים את אמת המים הבאה מבית הקברות. אומרים צדוקין. קובלין אנו עליכם פרושים. שאתם אומרים שורי וחמורי שהזיקו חייבין. ועבדי ואמתי שהזיקו פטורין. מה אם שורי וחמורי שאיני חייב בהם מצות. הרי אני חייב בנזקן. עבדי ואמתי שאני חייב בהן מצות. אינו דין שאהא חייב בנזקן. אמרו להם לא. אם אמרתם בשורי וחמורי שאין בהם דעת. תאמרו בעבדי ובאמתי. שיש בהם דעת. שאם אקניטם. ילך וידליק גדישו של אחר. ואהא חייב לשלם: ",
+ "אמר צדוקי גלילי. קובל אני עליכם פרושים. שאתם כותבין את המושל עם משה בגט. אומרים פרושים. קובלין אנו עליך צדוקי גלילי. שאתם כותבים את המושל עם השם בדף. ולא עוד אלא שאתם כותבין את המושל מלמעלן. ואת השם מלמטן. שנאמר (שמות ה, ב) ויאמר פרעה מי ה' אשר אשמע בקולו לשלח את ישראל. וכשלקה מהו אומר (שמות ט, כז) ה' הצדיק: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a0a9e0579c300cba3e356bab374c94f1af5232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+ "language": "he",
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
+ "versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
+ "status": "locked",
+ "priority": 3.0,
+ "license": "Public Domain",
+ "versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
+ "actualLanguage": "he",
+ "languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
+ "isBaseText": true,
+ "isSource": true,
+ "isPrimary": true,
+ "direction": "rtl",
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "מֵי רְבִיעִית נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לְאֶחָד, אַף לִשְׁנַיִם. מַחֲצִית לֹג, לִשְׁלשָׁה אוֹ לְאַרְבָּעָה. מִלֹּג, לַחֲמִשָּׁה וְלַעֲשָׂרָה וּלְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֹת לָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהֶם מֵרְבִיעִית. מוֹסִיפִין עַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים וְאֵין מוֹסִיפִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים: \n",
+ "בְּכָל הַכֵּלִים נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ בִכְלֵי גְלָלִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה. אֵין נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לֹא בְדָפְנוֹת הַכֵּלִים, וְלֹא בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְלֹא בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית. וְלֹא יִתֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ בְחָפְנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְמַלְּאִין וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין וְאֵין מַזִּין מֵי חַטָּאת וְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לַיָּדַיִם אֶלָּא בִכְלִי. וְאֵין מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל אֶלָּא כֵלִים, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֶלָּא כֵלִים: \n",
+ "הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ מִשְּׁתִיַּת הַבְּהֵמָה, בְּכֵלִים, פְּסוּלִים. וּבְקַרְקָעוֹת, כְּשֵׁרִים. נָפַל לְתוֹכָן דְּיוֹ, קוֹמוֹס, וְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם וְנִשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵיהֶן, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁרָה בָהֶן פִּתּוֹ, פְּסוּלִין. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּמְנִי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁרוֹת בָּזֶה וְנָפַל לַשֵּׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים: \n",
+ "הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם אֶת הַכֵּלִים אוֹ שֶׁמִּחָה בָהֶם אֶת הַמִּדּוֹת, פְּסוּלִים. הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם כֵּלִים מוּדָחִים אוֹ חֲדָשִׁים, כְּשֵׁרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בַּחֲדָשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַמַּיִם שֶׁהַנַּחְתּוֹם מַטְבִּיל בָּהֶם אֶת הַגְּלֻסְקִין, פְּסוּלִים. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדָיו בָּהֶן, כְּשֵׁרִים. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לִתֵּן לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. מַנִּיחַ חָבִית בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו וְנוֹטֵל. מַטֶּה חָבִית עַל צִדָּהּ וְנוֹטֵל. וְהַקּוֹף נוֹטֵל לַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, יָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיִּטֹּל מֵרְבִיעִית. נָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא: \n",
+ "נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, טָמֵא, וְעַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים, טָהוֹר. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָמֵא. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְנִמְצָא עַל יָדָיו קֵיסָם אוֹ צְרוֹר, יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁאֵין הַמַּיִם הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מְטַהֲרִים אֶלָּא הַמַּיִם שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַיָּד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִבְּרִיַּת הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַיָּדַיִם מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמִטַּהֲרוֹת עַד הַפֶּרֶק. כֵּיצַד. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים עַד הַפֶּרֶק, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק, וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְמֵאָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, טְמֵאוֹת. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, יָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְשִׁפְשְׁפָהּ בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. בְּרֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. נוֹטְלִין אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה זֶה בְצַד זֶה אוֹ זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּרַפּוּ שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם הַמָּיִם: \n",
+ "סָפֵק נַעֲשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה סָפֵק לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה, סָפֵק יֵשׁ בָּהֶם כַּשִּׁעוּר סָפֵק שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כַּשִּׁעוּר, סָפֵק טְמֵאִים סָפֵק טְהוֹרִין, סְפֵקָן טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, סְפֵק הַיָּדַיִם לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא וְלִטָּהֵר, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לִטָּהֵר, טָמֵא. כֵּיצַד. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְמֵאִים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, הָיוּ יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְהוֹרִים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְהוֹרִים, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם, סָפֵק בַּטְּמֵאָה נָגַע סָפֵק בַּטְּהוֹרָה נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶן, סָפֵק בַּטָּמֵא נָגַע סָפֵק בַּטָּהוֹר נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, נָגַע בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, סָפֵק טְמֵאָה בַטָּמֵא וּטְהוֹרָה בַטָּהוֹר, אוֹ טְהוֹרָה בַטָּמֵא וּטְמֵאָה בַטָּהוֹר, הַיָּדַיִם כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ וְהַכִּכָּרִים כְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, יָדָיו תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָדָיו שְׁנִיּוֹת. כֹּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הֵיכָן מָצִינוּ שֶׁהַיָּדַיִם תְּחִלָּה בְכָל מָקוֹם. אָמַר לָהֶם, וְכִי הֵיאַךְ אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶן לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ, חוּץ מִזֶּה. הָאֳכָלִין וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִין, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁבָּאָת לִפְנֵי אַבָּא, אָמְרָה לוֹ, נִכְנְסוּ יָדַי לַאֲוִיר כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ. אָמַר לָהּ, בִּתִּי, וּבַמֶּה הָיְתָה טֻמְאָתָהּ, וְלֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי מָה אָמְרָה לוֹ. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְבֹאָר הַדָּבָר. אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדָיִם: \n",
+ "כֹּל הַפּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. הַיָּד מְטַמְּאָה אֶת חֲבֶרְתָּהּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי. אָמַר לָהֶם, וַהֲלֹא כִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שְׁנִיִּים מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין דָּנִין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, וְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, וְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: \n",
+ "רְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין עִם הַתְּפִלִּין, מְטַמְּאוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, רְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין אֵינָן מְטַמְּאוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם: \n",
+ "גִּלָּיוֹן שֶׁבַּסֵּפֶר, שֶׁמִּלְּמַעְלָן וְשֶׁמִּלְּמַטָּן שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה וְשֶׁבַּסּוֹף, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁבַּסּוֹף אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לוֹ עַמּוּד: \n",
+ "סֵפֶר שֶׁנִּמְחַק וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שְׁמוֹנִים וְחָמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת, כְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. מְגִלָּה שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ שְׁמוֹנִים וְחָמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת כְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן, מְטַמָּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. כָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, וְקֹהֶלֶת מַחֲלֹקֶת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מַחֲלֹקֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, קֹהֶלֶת מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בַּיְשִׁיבָה, שֶׁשִּׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, לֹא נֶחֱלַק אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל עַל שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים שֶׁלֹּא תְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, שֶׁאֵין כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ כְדַאי כַּיּוֹם שֶׁנִּתַּן בּוֹ שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכָּל הַכְּתוּבִים קֹדֶשׁ, וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים. וְאִם נֶחְלְקוּ, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ אֶלָּא עַל קֹהֶלֶת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חָמִיו שֶׁל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כְּדִבְרֵי בֶן עַזַּאי, כָּךְ נֶחְלְקוּ וְכָךְ גָּמְרוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ עַל עֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם, שֶׁהִיא מִשְּׁנֵי לֻגִּין וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, עֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם כִּשְׁמָהּ: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ, כָּל הַזְּבָחִים שֶׁנִּזְבְּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה, חוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת. הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְהַחַטָּאת בְּכָל זְמַן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאָשָׁם. הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְהַחַטָּאת וְהָאָשָׁם בְּכָל זְמַן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מְקֻבְּלַנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בַּיְשִׁיבָה, שֶׁכָּל הַזְּבָחִים הַנֶּאֱכָלִין שֶׁנִּזְבְּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשֵׁם חוֹבָה, חוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת. לֹא הוֹסִיף בֶּן עַזַּאי אֶלָּא הָעוֹלָה, וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב, מַה הֵן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. גָּזַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מַעְשַׂר עָנִי. וְגָזַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, עָלֶיךָ רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד, שֶׁאַתָּה מַחְמִיר, שֶׁכָּל הַמַּחְמִיר, עָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי, אֲנִי לֹא שִׁנִּיתִי מִסֵּדֶר הַשָּׁנִים, טַרְפוֹן אָחִי שִׁנָּה, וְעָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד. הֵשִׁיב רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מִצְרַיִם חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מַה מִּצְרַיִם מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית. הֵשִׁיב רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, בָּבֶל חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מַה בָּבֶל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מִצְרַיִם שֶׁהִיא קְרוֹבָה, עֲשָׂאוּהָ מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִים עָלֶיהָ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב, שֶׁהֵם קְרוֹבִים, נַעֲשִׂים מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִים עֲלֵיהֶם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, הֲרֵי אַתָּה כִמְהַנָּן מָמוֹן, וְאֵין אַתָּה אֶלָּא כְמַפְסִיד נְפָשׁוֹת. קוֹבֵעַ אַתָּה אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם מִלְּהוֹרִיד טַל וּמָטָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג), הֲיִקְבַּע אָדָם אֱלֹהִים כִּי אַתֶּם קֹבְעִים אֹתִי וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה קְבַעֲנוּךָ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַתְּרוּמָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הֲרֵינִי כְמֵשִׁיב עַל טַרְפוֹן אָחִי, אֲבָל לֹא לְעִנְיַן דְּבָרָיו. מִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, וּבָבֶל מַעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן, וְהַנִּדּוֹן שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ. יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, וְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן. מִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, וּבָבֶל מַעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִים, וְהַנִּדּוֹן שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים. יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, וְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִים. נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וּכְשֶׁבָּא רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן דֻּרְמַסְקִית אֵצֶל רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּלוֹד, אָמַר לוֹ, מַה חִדּוּשׁ הָיָה לָכֶם בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ הַיּוֹם. אָמַר לוֹ, נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִים מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. בָּכָה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאָמַר, סוֹד ה' לִירֵאָיו וּבְרִיתוֹ לְהוֹדִיעָם (תהלים כה). צֵא וֶאֱמֹר לָהֶם, אַל תָּחֹשּׁוּ לְמִנְיַנְכֶם. מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ, וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ עַד הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, שֶׁעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם בָּא יְהוּדָה, גֵּר עַמּוֹנִי, וְעָמַד לִפְנֵיהֶן בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָה אֲנִי לָבֹא בַקָּהָל. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אָסוּר אָתָּה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מֻתָּר אָתָּה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (דברים כג), לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי בִּקְהַל ה' גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי וְגוֹ'. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, וְכִי עַמּוֹנִים וּמוֹאָבִים בִּמְקוֹמָן הֵן. כְּבָר עָלָה סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וּבִלְבֵּל אֶת כָּל הָאֻמּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה י), וְאָסִיר גְּבוּלֹת עַמִּים וַעֲתוּדוֹתֵיהֶם שׁוֹשֵׂתִי וְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (ירמיה מט), וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן אָשִׁיב אֶת שְׁבוּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, וּכְבָר חָזְרוּ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (ירמיה ל ג), וְשַׁבְתִּי אֶת שְׁבוּת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה, וַעֲדַיִן לֹא שָׁבוּ. הִתִּירוּהוּ לָבֹא בַקָּהָל: ",
+ "תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁבְּעֶזְרָא וְשֶׁבְּדָנִיֵּאל, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית וְעִבְרִית שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ תַּרְגּוּם, וּכְתָב עִבְרִי, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיִּכְתְּבֶנּוּ אַשּׁוּרִית, עַל הָעוֹר, וּבִדְיוֹ: ",
+ "אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, וְסִפְרֵי הוֹמֵרִיס אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְכִי אֵין לָנוּ עַל הַפְּרוּשִׁים אֶלָּא זוֹ בִלְבָד. הֲרֵי הֵם אוֹמְרִים, עַצְמוֹת חֲמוֹר טְהוֹרִים וְעַצְמוֹת יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל טְמֵאִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן, שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם עַצְמוֹת אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ תַּרְוָדוֹת. אָמַר לָהֶם, אַף כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן, וְסִפְרֵי הוֹמֵרִיס, שֶׁאֵינָן חֲבִיבִין, אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדָיִם: ",
+ "אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת הַנִּצּוֹק. אוֹמְרִים הַפְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, צְדוֹקִים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הַבָּאָה מִבֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת. אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, חַיָּבִין. וְעַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, פְּטוּרִין. מָה אִם שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵינִי חַיָּב בָּהֶם מִצְוֹת, הֲרֵי אֲנִי חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. עַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב בָּהֶן מִצְוֹת, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁאֱהֵא חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם, לֹא. אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בְּשׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם דַּעַת, תֹּאמְרוּ בְּעַבְדִּי וּבַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם דָּעַת. שֶׁאִם אַקְנִיטֵם, יֵלֵךְ וְיַדְלִיק גְּדִישׁוֹ שֶׁל אַחֵר וֶאֱהֵא חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם: ",
+ "אָמַר צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, קוֹבֵל אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם משֶׁה בַּגֵּט. אוֹמְרִים פְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ, צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִים אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם הַשֵּׁם בַּדַּף, וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל מִלְמַעְלָן וְאֶת הַשֵּׁם מִלְּמַטָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ה) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה מִי ה' אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ לְשַׁלַּח אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּכְשֶׁלָּקָה מַהוּ אוֹמֵר (שם ט), ה' הַצַּדִּיק: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/merged.json b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/merged.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d393fae1295aebe79ec03e2ee21becac7556c9b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/json/Mishnah/Seder Tahorot/Mishnah Yadayim/Hebrew/merged.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+ "title": "Mishnah Yadayim",
+ "language": "he",
+ "versionTitle": "merged",
+ "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Yadayim",
+ "text": [
+ [
+ "מֵי רְבִיעִית נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לְאֶחָד, אַף לִשְׁנַיִם. מַחֲצִית לֹג, לִשְׁלשָׁה אוֹ לְאַרְבָּעָה. מִלֹּג, לַחֲמִשָּׁה וְלַעֲשָׂרָה וּלְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֹת לָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהֶם מֵרְבִיעִית. מוֹסִיפִין עַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים וְאֵין מוֹסִיפִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים: \n",
+ "בְּכָל הַכֵּלִים נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ בִכְלֵי גְלָלִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה. אֵין נוֹתְנִין לַיָּדַיִם, לֹא בְדָפְנוֹת הַכֵּלִים, וְלֹא בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְלֹא בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית. וְלֹא יִתֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ בְחָפְנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין מְמַלְּאִין וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין וְאֵין מַזִּין מֵי חַטָּאת וְאֵין נוֹתְנִים לַיָּדַיִם אֶלָּא בִכְלִי. וְאֵין מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל אֶלָּא כֵלִים, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֶלָּא כֵלִים: \n",
+ "הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ מִשְּׁתִיַּת הַבְּהֵמָה, בְּכֵלִים, פְּסוּלִים. וּבְקַרְקָעוֹת, כְּשֵׁרִים. נָפַל לְתוֹכָן דְּיוֹ, קוֹמוֹס, וְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם וְנִשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵיהֶן, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁרָה בָהֶן פִּתּוֹ, פְּסוּלִין. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּמְנִי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁרוֹת בָּזֶה וְנָפַל לַשֵּׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים: \n",
+ "הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם אֶת הַכֵּלִים אוֹ שֶׁמִּחָה בָהֶם אֶת הַמִּדּוֹת, פְּסוּלִים. הֵדִיחַ בָּהֶם כֵּלִים מוּדָחִים אוֹ חֲדָשִׁים, כְּשֵׁרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בַּחֲדָשִׁים: \n",
+ "הַמַּיִם שֶׁהַנַּחְתּוֹם מַטְבִּיל בָּהֶם אֶת הַגְּלֻסְקִין, פְּסוּלִים. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדָיו בָּהֶן, כְּשֵׁרִים. הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרִים לִתֵּן לַיָּדַיִם, אֲפִלּוּ חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן. מַנִּיחַ חָבִית בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו וְנוֹטֵל. מַטֶּה חָבִית עַל צִדָּהּ וְנוֹטֵל. וְהַקּוֹף נוֹטֵל לַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פוֹסֵל בִּשְׁנֵי אֵלּוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "נָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, יָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו מִשְּׁטִיפָה אַחַת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיִּטֹּל מֵרְבִיעִית. נָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא: \n",
+ "נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, טָמֵא, וְעַל הַשְּׁנִיִּים, טָהוֹר. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָמֵא. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְנִמְצָא עַל יָדָיו קֵיסָם אוֹ צְרוֹר, יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁאֵין הַמַּיִם הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מְטַהֲרִים אֶלָּא הַמַּיִם שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַיָּד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִבְּרִיַּת הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר: \n",
+ "הַיָּדַיִם מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמִטַּהֲרוֹת עַד הַפֶּרֶק. כֵּיצַד. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים עַד הַפֶּרֶק, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק, וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְמֵאָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, טְמֵאוֹת. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, יָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְשִׁפְשְׁפָהּ בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. בְּרֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. נוֹטְלִין אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה זֶה בְצַד זֶה אוֹ זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּרַפּוּ שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם הַמָּיִם: \n",
+ "סָפֵק נַעֲשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה סָפֵק לֹא נַעֲשָׂה בָהֶם מְלָאכָה, סָפֵק יֵשׁ בָּהֶם כַּשִּׁעוּר סָפֵק שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כַּשִּׁעוּר, סָפֵק טְמֵאִים סָפֵק טְהוֹרִין, סְפֵקָן טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, סְפֵק הַיָּדַיִם לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא וְלִטָּהֵר, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לִטָּהֵר, טָמֵא. כֵּיצַד. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְמֵאִים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, הָיוּ יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְהוֹרִים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים טְהוֹרִים, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם, סָפֵק בַּטְּמֵאָה נָגַע סָפֵק בַּטְּהוֹרָה נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, נָגַע בְּאַחַד מֵהֶן, סָפֵק בַּטָּמֵא נָגַע סָפֵק בַּטָּהוֹר נָגַע. הָיוּ יָדָיו אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה וּלְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי כִכָּרִים אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, נָגַע בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, סָפֵק טְמֵאָה בַטָּמֵא וּטְהוֹרָה בַטָּהוֹר, אוֹ טְהוֹרָה בַטָּמֵא וּטְמֵאָה בַטָּהוֹר, הַיָּדַיִם כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ וְהַכִּכָּרִים כְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "הַמַּכְנִיס יָדָיו לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, יָדָיו תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָדָיו שְׁנִיּוֹת. כֹּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הֵיכָן מָצִינוּ שֶׁהַיָּדַיִם תְּחִלָּה בְכָל מָקוֹם. אָמַר לָהֶם, וְכִי הֵיאַךְ אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶן לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ, חוּץ מִזֶּה. הָאֳכָלִין וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִין, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁבָּאָת לִפְנֵי אַבָּא, אָמְרָה לוֹ, נִכְנְסוּ יָדַי לַאֲוִיר כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ. אָמַר לָהּ, בִּתִּי, וּבַמֶּה הָיְתָה טֻמְאָתָהּ, וְלֹא שָׁמַעְתִּי מָה אָמְרָה לוֹ. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, מְבֹאָר הַדָּבָר. אֶת שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדָיִם: \n",
+ "כֹּל הַפּוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת. הַיָּד מְטַמְּאָה אֶת חֲבֶרְתָּהּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין שֵׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה שֵׁנִי. אָמַר לָהֶם, וַהֲלֹא כִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שְׁנִיִּים מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין דָּנִין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, וְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, וְלֹא דִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: \n",
+ "רְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין עִם הַתְּפִלִּין, מְטַמְּאוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, רְצוּעוֹת תְּפִלִּין אֵינָן מְטַמְּאוֹת אֶת הַיָּדַיִם: \n",
+ "גִּלָּיוֹן שֶׁבַּסֵּפֶר, שֶׁמִּלְּמַעְלָן וְשֶׁמִּלְּמַטָּן שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה וְשֶׁבַּסּוֹף, מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁבַּסּוֹף אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לוֹ עַמּוּד: \n",
+ "סֵפֶר שֶׁנִּמְחַק וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שְׁמוֹנִים וְחָמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת, כְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. מְגִלָּה שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ שְׁמוֹנִים וְחָמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת כְּפָרָשַׁת וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן, מְטַמָּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. כָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, וְקֹהֶלֶת מַחֲלֹקֶת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מַחֲלֹקֶת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, קֹהֶלֶת מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בַּיְשִׁיבָה, שֶׁשִּׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, לֹא נֶחֱלַק אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל עַל שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים שֶׁלֹּא תְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, שֶׁאֵין כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ כְדַאי כַּיּוֹם שֶׁנִּתַּן בּוֹ שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכָּל הַכְּתוּבִים קֹדֶשׁ, וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים. וְאִם נֶחְלְקוּ, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ אֶלָּא עַל קֹהֶלֶת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חָמִיו שֶׁל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כְּדִבְרֵי בֶן עַזַּאי, כָּךְ נֶחְלְקוּ וְכָךְ גָּמְרוּ: \n"
+ ],
+ [
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ עַל עֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם, שֶׁהִיא מִשְּׁנֵי לֻגִּין וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. שֶׁרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, עֲרֵבַת הָרַגְלַיִם כִּשְׁמָהּ: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ, כָּל הַזְּבָחִים שֶׁנִּזְבְּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה, חוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת. הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְהַחַטָּאת בְּכָל זְמַן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאָשָׁם. הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְהַחַטָּאת וְהָאָשָׁם בְּכָל זְמַן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מְקֻבְּלַנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בַּיְשִׁיבָה, שֶׁכָּל הַזְּבָחִים הַנֶּאֱכָלִין שֶׁנִּזְבְּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשֵׁם חוֹבָה, חוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וּמִן הַחַטָּאת. לֹא הוֹסִיף בֶּן עַזַּאי אֶלָּא הָעוֹלָה, וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם אָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב, מַה הֵן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. גָּזַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מַעְשַׂר עָנִי. וְגָזַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, עָלֶיךָ רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד, שֶׁאַתָּה מַחְמִיר, שֶׁכָּל הַמַּחְמִיר, עָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי, אֲנִי לֹא שִׁנִּיתִי מִסֵּדֶר הַשָּׁנִים, טַרְפוֹן אָחִי שִׁנָּה, וְעָלָיו רְאָיָה לְלַמֵּד. הֵשִׁיב רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מִצְרַיִם חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מַה מִּצְרַיִם מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית. הֵשִׁיב רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, בָּבֶל חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מַה בָּבֶל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מִצְרַיִם שֶׁהִיא קְרוֹבָה, עֲשָׂאוּהָ מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִים עָלֶיהָ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אַף עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב, שֶׁהֵם קְרוֹבִים, נַעֲשִׂים מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְמָכִים עֲלֵיהֶם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, הֲרֵי אַתָּה כִמְהַנָּן מָמוֹן, וְאֵין אַתָּה אֶלָּא כְמַפְסִיד נְפָשׁוֹת. קוֹבֵעַ אַתָּה אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם מִלְּהוֹרִיד טַל וּמָטָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג), הֲיִקְבַּע אָדָם אֱלֹהִים כִּי אַתֶּם קֹבְעִים אֹתִי וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה קְבַעֲנוּךָ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַתְּרוּמָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הֲרֵינִי כְמֵשִׁיב עַל טַרְפוֹן אָחִי, אֲבָל לֹא לְעִנְיַן דְּבָרָיו. מִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, וּבָבֶל מַעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן, וְהַנִּדּוֹן שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ. יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ, וְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֶׂה חָדָשׁ מִמַּעֲשֶׂה יָשָׁן. מִצְרַיִם מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, וּבָבֶל מַעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִים, וְהַנִּדּוֹן שֶׁלְּפָנֵינוּ מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים. יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים, וְאַל יִדּוֹן מַעֲשֵׂה זְקֵנִים מִמַּעֲשֵׂה נְבִיאִים. נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וּכְשֶׁבָּא רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן דֻּרְמַסְקִית אֵצֶל רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּלוֹד, אָמַר לוֹ, מַה חִדּוּשׁ הָיָה לָכֶם בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ הַיּוֹם. אָמַר לוֹ, נִמְנוּ וְגָמְרוּ, עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִים מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. בָּכָה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאָמַר, סוֹד ה' לִירֵאָיו וּבְרִיתוֹ לְהוֹדִיעָם (תהלים כה). צֵא וֶאֱמֹר לָהֶם, אַל תָּחֹשּׁוּ לְמִנְיַנְכֶם. מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מֵרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵרַבּוֹ, וְרַבּוֹ מֵרַבּוֹ עַד הֲלָכָה לְמשֶׁה מִסִּינַי, שֶׁעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב מְעַשְּׂרִין מַעְשַׂר עָנִי בַּשְּׁבִיעִית: ",
+ "בּוֹ בַיּוֹם בָּא יְהוּדָה, גֵּר עַמּוֹנִי, וְעָמַד לִפְנֵיהֶן בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. אָמַר לָהֶם, מָה אֲנִי לָבֹא בַקָּהָל. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אָסוּר אָתָּה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מֻתָּר אָתָּה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (דברים כג), לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי בִּקְהַל ה' גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי וְגוֹ'. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, וְכִי עַמּוֹנִים וּמוֹאָבִים בִּמְקוֹמָן הֵן. כְּבָר עָלָה סַנְחֵרִיב מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר וּבִלְבֵּל אֶת כָּל הָאֻמּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה י), וְאָסִיר גְּבוּלֹת עַמִּים וַעֲתוּדוֹתֵיהֶם שׁוֹשֵׂתִי וְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (ירמיה מט), וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן אָשִׁיב אֶת שְׁבוּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, וּכְבָר חָזְרוּ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (ירמיה ל ג), וְשַׁבְתִּי אֶת שְׁבוּת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה, וַעֲדַיִן לֹא שָׁבוּ. הִתִּירוּהוּ לָבֹא בַקָּהָל: ",
+ "תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁבְּעֶזְרָא וְשֶׁבְּדָנִיֵּאל, מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ עִבְרִית וְעִבְרִית שֶׁכְּתָבוֹ תַּרְגּוּם, וּכְתָב עִבְרִי, אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁיִּכְתְּבֶנּוּ אַשּׁוּרִית, עַל הָעוֹר, וּבִדְיוֹ: ",
+ "אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, וְסִפְרֵי הוֹמֵרִיס אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְכִי אֵין לָנוּ עַל הַפְּרוּשִׁים אֶלָּא זוֹ בִלְבָד. הֲרֵי הֵם אוֹמְרִים, עַצְמוֹת חֲמוֹר טְהוֹרִים וְעַצְמוֹת יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל טְמֵאִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן, שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם עַצְמוֹת אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ תַּרְוָדוֹת. אָמַר לָהֶם, אַף כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְפִי חִבָּתָן הִיא טֻמְאָתָן, וְסִפְרֵי הוֹמֵרִיס, שֶׁאֵינָן חֲבִיבִין, אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדָיִם: ",
+ "אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת הַנִּצּוֹק. אוֹמְרִים הַפְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, צְדוֹקִים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הַבָּאָה מִבֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת. אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, חַיָּבִין. וְעַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, פְּטוּרִין. מָה אִם שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵינִי חַיָּב בָּהֶם מִצְוֹת, הֲרֵי אֲנִי חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. עַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב בָּהֶן מִצְוֹת, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁאֱהֵא חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם, לֹא. אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בְּשׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם דַּעַת, תֹּאמְרוּ בְּעַבְדִּי וּבַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם דָּעַת. שֶׁאִם אַקְנִיטֵם, יֵלֵךְ וְיַדְלִיק גְּדִישׁוֹ שֶׁל אַחֵר וֶאֱהֵא חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם: ",
+ "אָמַר צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, קוֹבֵל אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם משֶׁה בַּגֵּט. אוֹמְרִים פְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ, צְדוֹקִי גְלִילִי, שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִים אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל עִם הַשֵּׁם בַּדַּף, וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם כּוֹתְבִין אֶת הַמּוֹשֵׁל מִלְמַעְלָן וְאֶת הַשֵּׁם מִלְּמַטָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ה) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה מִי ה' אֲשֶׁר אֶשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ לְשַׁלַּח אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּכְשֶׁלָּקָה מַהוּ אוֹמֵר (שם ט), ה' הַצַּדִּיק: "
+ ]
+ ],
+ "versions": [
+ [
+ "Torat Emet 357",
+ "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
+ ]
+ ],
+ "heTitle": "משנה ידים",
+ "categories": [
+ "Mishnah",
+ "Seder Tahorot"
+ ],
+ "sectionNames": [
+ "Chapter",
+ "Mishnah"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file