{ "title": "Machzor Rosh Hashanah Ashkenaz Linear", "language": "en", "versionTitle": "merged", "versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Machzor_Rosh_Hashanah_Ashkenaz_Linear", "text": { "Annullment of Vows": [ "The Talmud (Maseches Nedarim) says, “Whoever does not want his vows, made during the year, to remain in force, should declare: “Any vows that I make during the coming year are hereby nullified.” The Tur writes that it has become a widespread custom to recite the “Kol Nidrei” before Yom Kippur for the purpose of nullifying all such vows. He further writes that since זְרִיזִין מַקְדִימִין לְמִצְוֹת, the diligent come early to perform their religious duties. It is commendable to invalidate one’s vows before Rosh Hashana with the declaration contained in the “הַתָּרַת נְדָרִים,” the Annulment of Vows.", "The Talmud and Halachic sources explain that the annulment of vows or oaths, applies only to those which one imposed on himself, such as, “I will eat” or “I will not eat”; “I will sleep” or “I will not sleep,” and other such vows or oaths. But for that which one vows or swears to his fellow, or if someone places him under oath, regardless of that person’s nationality or religion, no annulment, invalidation or absolvement is ever possible.", "One should therefore stand before a minimum of three adult males and declare:", "Listen my masters,", "expert judges!", "Any vow, oath, or prohibition,", "konom-vow,1According to the Talmud, a vow is when one says that such is forbidden to me as is—a קָרְבָּן, a sacrifice. In place of the word korban, the word konom was frequently used. There is a dispute in Maseches Nedarim as to the origin of the word. or consecration,", "that I have vowed or sworn,", "while awake or [even] in a dream,", "or which I swore [using]", "any of the hallowed Names [of God],", "[those] which are forbidden to be erased,", "or in the Ineffible Name of God, blessed is He;", "or any form of abstinence", "that I have accepted upon myself,", "even the nazirite abstinence of Shimshon,", "or any prohibition;", "even a prohibition to derive benefit,", "which I have imposed upon myself", "or upon others,", "by any expression of prohibition,", "whether as an expression of prohibition,", "consecration or konom-vow,", "or any type of commitment,", "even a commitment to perform a “mitzvah”", "whether in the form of a vow", "or as a free-will option,", "as an oath", "or abstinence,", "or in any other form;", "and also such commitments", "which were confirmed with a hand-shake;", "any vow or free-will option", "and any customs based on commandments", "which I have already practiced,", "and any expression I may have uttered,", "vowed or resolved in my heart,", "even to perform a certain commandment,", "or any good practice,", "or any worthwhile endeavor,", "which I performed three times", "but did not expressly state", "that I am doing so", "without the imposition of a vow,", "whether it is a commitment", "concerning myself,", "or concerning others,", "both those which are known to me", "or those which I have already forgotten—", "regarding all of these—", "I regret them in retrospect.", "And now I ask and request your excellencies", "for nullification for them,", "because I am afraid", "that I might stumble and become entangled", "God forbid,", "in the sin of [violating] vows, oaths,", "consecrations,", "prohibitions, konom-vows, or agreements.", "I do not regret, God forbid,", "the performance of good deeds", "which I have done,", "but I regret only", "my commitment to do these things", "in the form of a vow, oath,", "abstinence, prohibition, consecration;", "konom-vow, agreement,", "or resolutions.", "I regret therefore", "that I did not explicitly state,", "“I will do this thing", "without assuming the obligation of a vow,", "oath, abstinence, consecration,", "prohibition, konom-vow, or resolution.", "Therefore, I ask for annulment;", "I regret all of them,", "all that was previously enumerated—", "whether these were things", "that concerned financial matters,", "physical matters,", "or", "spiritual matters.", "Regarding all of them—", "I regret using the expression of a vow,", "of an oath, of abstinence, of prohibition,", "of consecration, of konom-vow,", "or resolution.", "Now, according to the law,", "one who regrets [his vows, oaths etc.]", "and seeks annulment,", "must state the particulars of the vow,", "however, please realize, my masters,", "that it is impossible to specify them", "for they are many—", "and I do not request annulment", "for those vows", "which cannot be annulled—", "therefore", "let them be considered, in your eyes,", "as though I had specified them.", "
Those who participate in the annulment respond with the following declaration which they repeat three times:
", "They shall all be annulled for you,", "they shall all be absolved for you,", "they shall all be permitted to you.", "There is no vow,", "no oath, no abstinence,", "no consecration, no prohibition,", "no konom-vow, no excommunication,", "no banishment, and no damnation;", "but there is forgiveness, pardon,", "and atonement.", "Just as annulment is granted", "by [us] the court here on earth,", "so shall annulment be granted", "by the Heavenly Court.", "
He who has asked for annulment then makes this public declaration:
", "I hereby declare before you,", "that I nullify from now on", "all vows, all oaths,", "abstinences, prohibitions, konom-vows,", "consecrations, agreements and resolutions", "that I might accept upon myself,", "while awake or [even] in a dream;", "except the vows to fast", "which are made at the Mincha prayer.2The vow to fast is made at the Mincha service of the day preceding the fast day.", "And should I forget", "the stipulations of this declaration", "and make any vow from this day on,", "from this moment I regret them,", "and stipulate", "that they are all null and void;", "they are not binding or lasting,", "and they have no effect whatsoever;", "regarding all of them—I regret them,", "from now, forever." ], "Eiruv Tavshilin": [ "When Rosh Hashana occurs on Thursday and Friday, an eiruv tavshilin must be prepared on the preceding Wednesday. The head of the family should take bread or matzoh and an item of cooked food such as meat or fish, put them on a plate and say the following berachah:", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "concerning the mitzvah of eiruv.", "By means of this eiruv", "it will be permissible for us", "to bake, cook, keep dishes warm,1“Keeping dishes warm” means that we are permitted to place cooked foods on a covered stove in order to preserve their heat. An example of this is the traditional Cholent.", "to kindle a light (from an existing flame),", "and to prepare and do all our necessities", "on the Festival for the needs of Shabbos,", "for us and for all Jews2The Rav of the community usually includes the community in his eiruv. This can be done however by anyone. It is done by handing over the cooked food to another person through whom he grants a share of the food (of the eiruv) to the entire community. This person raises the eiruv a tefach, (handsbreadth) and returns it to the one making the eiruv.", "who live in this city.", "
The food of the eiruv should be eaten at one of the Shabbos meals.
" ], "Lighting the Candles": [ "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "to kindle the Yom Tov light.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who has kept us alive and sustained us", "and brought us to this season.", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "to kindle the Shabbos light", "and the Yom Tov light.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who has kept us alive and sustained us", "and brought us to this season." ], "Mincha for Erev Rosh Hashana": { "Ashrei": [ "Fortunate are those who dwell", "in Your house;", "may they continue to praise You, Selah.", "Fortunate is the people whose lot is thus;", "fortunate is the people", "for whom Adonoy is their God.", "A praise by Dovid!", "I will exalt You, my God, the King,", "and bless Your Name forever and ever.", "Every day I will bless You", "and extol Your Name forever and ever.", "Adonoy is great and highly extolled,", "and His greatness is unfathomable.", "One generation to another", "will praise Your works,", "and Your mighty acts they will declare.", "The splendor of Your glorious majesty,", "and the words of Your wonders I will speak.", "Of Your awesome might, they will speak,", "and Your greatness I will recount.", "Mention of Your bountifulness", "they will express,", "and in Your righteousness joyfully exult.", "Adonoy is gracious and merciful,", "slow to anger and great in kindliness.", "Adonoy is good to all,", "His mercy encompasses all His works.", "All Your works will thank You, Adonoy,", "and Your pious ones will bless You.", "Of the honor of Your kingship,", "they will speak,", "and Your might they will declare.", "To reveal to men His mighty acts,", "and the glorious splendor of His Kingship.", "Your kingship is the kingship for all times,", "and Your dominion is in every generation.", "Adonoy supports all the fallen,", "and straightens all the bent.", "The eyes of all look expectantly to You,", "and You give them", "their food at its proper time.", "You open Your hand", "and satisfy the desire of every living being.", "Adonoy is just in all His ways", "and benevolent in all His deeds.", "Adonoy is near to all who call upon Him,", "to all who call upon Him in truth.", "The will of those who fear Him, He fulfills;", "He hears their cry and delivers them.", "Adonoy watches over all those who love Him,", "and will destroy all the wicked.", "Praise of Adonoy, my mouth will declare", "and all flesh will bless", "His Holy Name forever and ever.", "And we will bless God", "from now forever.", "Praise God.", "
The Chazzan recites the following half-Kaddish
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein." ], "Amidah": [ "When I proclaim Adonoy’s Name", "attribute greatness to our God.", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "
(When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh, the Kedushah is said here)
" ], "Kedushah": [ "
The Congregation says and the Chazzan repeats:
", "We will sanctify Your Name in the world,", "just as they sanctify it", "in the highest heavens;", "as is written by the hand of Your prophet,", "“And they called one to another, and said:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "‘Holy, holy, holy,", "is Adonoy of Hosts,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Those facing them say “Boruch...”", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from its place.”", "
The Chazzan says:
", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations!", "Praise God.”", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness,", "and to all eternity,", "we will sanctify Your holiness,", "and Your praise, our God,", "will not depart from our mouths", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King; Great, and Holy.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the Almighty, the Holy One.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the Almighty, the Holy One.", "PRAYER FOR UNDERSTANDING", "You favor man with perception", "and teach mankind understanding.", "Grant us from Your", "perception, understanding and intellect.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Grantor of perception.", "PRAYER FOR PENITENCE", "Cause us to return, our Father, to Your Torah", "and bring us near, our King, to Your service;", "and bring us back", "in whole-hearted repentance before You", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who desires penitence.", "PRAYER FOR PARDON", "Pardon us, our Father, for we have sinned,", "forgive us, our King,", "for we have transgressed;", "because You are Forgiver and Pardoner.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Gracious One, Who pardons abundantly.", "PRAYER FOR REDEMPTION", "Look upon our affliction,", "and defend our cause:", "and redeem us speedily", "for the sake of Your Name;", "because You are a Mighty Redeemer.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Redeemer of Yisrael.", "PRAYER FOR HEALING", "Heal us, Adonoy, and we will be healed,", "deliver us and we will be delivered;", "for You are our praise.", "Grant complete healing", "to all our wounds,", "because You are the Almighty, King,", "Who is a faithful and merciful Healer.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Healer of the sick of His people Yisrael.", "PRAYER FOR PROSPERITY", "Bless for us, Adonoy our God,", "this year", "and all the varieties of its produce", "for good;", "and bestow blessing", "upon the face of the earth;", "satisfy us from Your bounty", "and bless our year like the good years.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Blesser of the years.", "PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE", "Sound the great shofar for our liberty,", "and raise a banner to gather our exiles,", "and gather us together", "from the four corners of the earth.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Gatherer", "of the dispersed of His people Yisrael.", "PRAYER FOR RIGHTEOUS JUDGMENT", "Restore our judges as before", "and our counselors as at first.", "Remove from us sorrow and sighing,", "and reign over us", "You, Adonoy, alone", "with kindness and compassion;", "and make us righteous with justice.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King, Lover of righteousness and justice.", "PRAYER FOR DIVINE RETRIBUTION", "For informers let there be no hope", "and may all wickedness instantly perish", "may all Your enemies be swiftly cut off,", "and the insolent may You quickly uproot,", "crush, rout", "and subdue speedily in our days.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Crusher of enemies", "and Subduer of the insolent.", "PRAYER FOR THE RIGHTEOUS SCHOLARS", "Upon the righteous, upon the pious,", "upon the elders of Your people", "the House of Yisrael,", "upon the remnant of their scholars,", "upon the true proselytes, and upon us,", "may Your mercy be aroused,", "Adonoy our God.", "Grant bountiful reward", "to all who trust in Your Name in truth;", "and place our lot among them forever", "and may we not be put to shame,", "for in You we have put our trust,", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Support and Trust of the righteous.", "PRAYER FOR JERUSALEM", "And to Yerushalayim, Your city,", "return in mercy,", "and dwell therein as You have spoken;", "and rebuild it soon, in our days,", "as an everlasting structure,", "and the throne of Dovid", "may You speedily establish therein.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Builder of Yerushalayim.", "PRAYER FOR SALVATION", "The sprout of Dovid, Your servant,", "speedily cause to flourish", "and exalt his power with Your deliverance,", "For Your deliverance we hope all day.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who causes to sprout", "the power of salvation.", "PRAYER FOR ACCEPTANCE", "Hear our voice, Adonoy, our God;", "spare us and have compassion on us,", "and accept", "our prayers compassionately and willingly,", "for [You are] Almighty,", "You hear prayers and supplications;", "and from Your Presence, our King,", "do not turn us away empty-handed,", "for You hear the prayers", "of Your people, Yisrael, with compassion.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who hears prayers.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "the Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
(When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.)
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted be Your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity;", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Abundant peace", "upon Yisrael, Your people", "bestow forever,", "for You are King", "Master of all peace.", "May it be good in Your eyes", "to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes peace", "in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years.", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "above all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Aleinu": [ "Kol Bo writes that Joshua authored this prayer when he captured Jericho. Taken from the Musaf service of Rosh Hashana, it serves as the closing prayer of all the daily services. As ruled by Tur (Orach Chaim 133), it is said while standing.", "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator", "of the [world in the] beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory is in heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftiest heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true,", "all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth,", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You, every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear [allegiance to You].", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will all accept [upon themselves]", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said: “And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One", "and His Name One.”" ], "Mourner's Kaddish": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ] }, "Maariv": { "Kabbalas Shabbos": [ "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on either Friday or on Shabbos, the Kabbalas Shabbos service begins here.
", "A Psalm, a song for the Shabbos day.", "It is good to thank1Shabbos, more than other days, lends itself to offering praise and thanksgiving to Hashem. When man rests from his physical labor and is relieved of material concerns, his soul is free to pursue the intellectual and spiritual aspects of life. These pursuits lead him to serve Hashem and to praise Him.—Radak Adonoy,", "and sing praise to Your Name, Most High.", "To relate Your kindliness in the morning,", "and Your faithfulness in the nights.2We will proclaim His kindliness in the morning of redemption. And while yet in the darkness of exile we proclaim our belief in His faithfulness.—Rashi", "Upon a ten-stringed instrument and lute,", "in meditation upon the harp.", "For You have given me joy, Adonoy,", "with Your deeds,", "at the work of Your hands3The Shabbos day of rest affords me the opportunity to observe and appreciate the greatness of Your work.—Radak I sing joyously.", "How great are Your works, Adonoy;", "how infinitely profound are Your thoughts.4Hashem’s ‘works’ are the visible creation, while His ‘thoughts’ are the Divine purpose behind each created thing.—Seporno", "An empty-headed man cannot know,", "nor does a fool understand this:", "When the wicked bloom like grass,", "and all the evildoers blossom—", "it is so that they may be destroyed forever.", "But You will remain on high forever", "Adonoy.", "For behold, Your enemies, Adonoy;", "For behold, Your enemies shall perish;", "dispersed shall be all evildoers.", "You uplifted my horn5Others translate, ‘You have increased my might like that of the wild ram.’ like that of a unicorn;", "I am saturated with fresh oil.", "My eye has seen [the defeat of]", "those who spy on me;", "of the wicked who rise against me,", "my ears have heard [that they are doomed].", "The righteous will blossom like a date palm,", "like a cedar6The palm and the cedar both enjoy a long life span and flourish during all seasons. Thus they symbolize the lasting happiness of the righteous in contrast to the short prosperity of the wicked. in Lebanon, he will grow tall.", "Planted in the House of Adonoy,", "in the courtyards of our God", "they will blossom.", "They will still be fruitful in old age;", "they will be full of sap and freshness.", "To declare that Adonoy is upright;", "He is my Stronghold;", "in Whom there is no injustice.", "Adonoy had begun His reign", "He has clothed Himself with majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.", "Your throne stands firm from of old,", "You are from eternity.", "The rivers have raised—Adonoy—", "the rivers have raised their voice,", "the rivers raise their raging waves.", "More than the sound of many waters,", "mightier than the breakers of the sea", "Mighty on high, are You, Adonoy.", "Your testimonies are extremely faithful,", "holiness is becoming to Your House,", "Adonoy—for the length of days.", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Borechu": [ "
The Chazzan says:
", "Bless Adonoy Who is blessed.", "
The congregation responds and the Chazzan repeats:
", "Blessed is Adonoy, Who is blessed", "forever and ever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "With His word", "He brings on evenings,", "with wisdom He opens the gates1These are the gates of sunrise and sunset through which Hashem, in His infinite wisdom, has divided life on earth into two complementary halves.—Rabbi S.R. Hirsch (of heaven);", "and with understanding changes2He alternates the three daily periods—evening, morning, and afternoon.—Avudraham the times", "and alternates the seasons,", "and arranges the stars", "in their watches,3The stars appear as watchmen appointed by Hashem to stand guard over the sleeping world below. He also appointed them their places in definite orbits according to His will and for purposes known to Him alone.—S.R. Hirsch in the sky,", "according to His will.", "He creates day and night,", "He rolls the light away from before darkness,", "and darkness from before light;", "He causes day to pass", "and brings night,", "and separates between day and night;", "Adonoy of Hosts4His Name ה' צְבָאוֹת means “He Who takes all the infinite variety of hosts and creatures and unites them to act and interact as parts of one unified Universe.—S.R. Hirsch is His Name.", "The Almighty,", "[Who is] living and enduring", "will always reign over us", "forever and ever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who brings on evening.", "[With] an everlasting love5This prayer is an abbreviated form of the אַהֲבָה רַבָּה prayer in the morning service. It thanks Hashem for the sacred gift of Divine Revelation that He granted Yisrael. It declares that Torah alone is the eternal heritage of the Jewish people and that all other goods and gifts of life are transitory.—S.R. Hirsch", "You loved the House of Yisrael, Your people.", "Torah and commandments,", "statutes and laws,", "You taught us.", "Therefore, Adonoy, our God,", "when we lie down and when we rise,", "we will discuss Your statutes,", "and rejoice", "in the words of the teachings of Your Torah", "and in Your commandments forever.", "For they are our life", "and they lengthen our days,", "and on them we will meditate day and night.", "[May] Your love", "never be removed from us", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who loves His people Yisrael.", "
See page 202 for instructions regarding the proper reading of the Shema.
", "The following three words should be said when praying without a minyan:", "(Almighty, faithful King)", "Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God, Adonoy is One.", "
The following three lines are to be said silently:
", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.", "And you shall love Adonoy your God", "with all your heart", "and with all your soul", "and with all your possessions.", "And these words", "which I command you today,", "shall be upon your heart.", "And you shall teach them sharply", "to your children.", "And you shall discuss them", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall bind them for a sign", "upon your hand,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.", "And it will be—", "if you vigilantly obey My commandments", "which I command you this day,", "to love Adonoy your God,", "and serve Him", "with your entire hearts", "and with your entire souls—", "that I will give rain for your land", "in its proper time,", "the early (autumn) rain", "and the late (spring) rain;", "and you will harvest your grain", "and your wine and your oil.", "And I will put grass", "in your fields for your cattle,", "and you will eat and be satisfied.", "Beware lest your hearts be swayed", "and you turn astray,", "and you worship alien gods", "and bow to them.", "And Adonoy’s fury will blaze among you,", "and He will close off the heavens", "and there will be no rain", "and the earth will not yield its produce;", "and you will perish swiftly", "from the good land", "which Adonoy gives you.", "Place these words of Mine", "upon your hearts and upon your souls,—", "and bind them for a sign", "upon your hands,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.", "And you shall teach them to your sons,", "to speak them", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.", "In order that your days be prolonged,", "and the days of your children,", "upon the land", "which Adonoy swore to your fathers", "to give them [for as long]", "as the heavens are above the earth.", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:", "Speak to the children of Yisrael,", "and tell them", "to make for themselves fringes", "on the corners of their garments", "throughout their generations;", "and they will place with the fringes", "of each corner", "a thread of blue.", "And it will be to you for fringes,", "and you will look upon it", "and you will remember", "all the commandments of Adonoy,", "and you will perform them;", "and you will not turn aside after your hearts", "and after your eyes", "which cause you to go astray.", "In order that you will remember", "and perform all My commandments;", "and you will be holy unto your God.", "I am Adonoy, your God,", "Who brought you out", "of the land of Mitzrayim", "to be your God:", "I am Adonoy, your God—", "—is true—", "You must be careful to connect the last words of Shema, ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶם (Adonoy, your God), with the word אֶמֶת (is true) without pause or interruption so that these three words form one sentence, meaning “Adonoy your God is true” (Maseches Berachos 13a).", "
The chazan repeats:
", "Adonoy, your God, is true.", "—and faithful is all this,6All that we have affirmed in the Shema, is true and trustworthy.—Etz Yosef", "and it is permanently established with us", "that he is Adonoy, our God,", "and there is nothing besides Him,", "and that we, Yisrael, are His people.", "[He] Who liberated us", "from the hand of kings,7He redeemed us from Pharaoh, and saved us from Sichon and Og in the days of Moshe and from the thirty-one kings in the days of Yehoshua.—Etz Yosef", "[is] our King, Who redeemed us", "from the grasp of all the tyrants.8“Tyrants” include Amalek and others who wanted to destroy us.—Etz Yosef", "[He is] the Almighty", "Who exacts payment [punishment]", "from our oppressors,9The Malbim says that “oppressors” (צָרֵינוּ) refers to those who actively persecute us whereas “enemies” (אוֹיְבֵינוּ) refers to those who would rejoice over our misfortune without necessarily contributing to our downfall in an outright manner.", "and brings retribution", "on all those who are enemies of our soul.", "He does great things10“Great things” refers to the way Hashem rules according to the laws of nature and “wonders” refers to those things that are classified as miracles.—Siach Yitzchak", "beyond comprehension,", "and wonders without number.", "He sustains our soul in life11Not only does Hashem sustain our souls in exile but He also sustains our physical wellbeing.—Siach Yitzchak", "and does not allow our feet to slip.", "He makes us tread", "upon the high places of our enemies,", "and exalts our strength", "over all who hate us.", "He performed miracles for us", "and vengeance upon Pharaoh,", "signs and wonders", "in the land of the Hamites.", "He slew in His wrath,", "all the firstborn of Mitzrayim,", "and brought out His people, Yisrael,", "from their midst", "to everlasting12The redemption from Egypt is the source for all later redemptions; it is the source from which our final and total salvation will spring. We became free, never again to taste the bitterness of spiritual or physical bondage.—Sfas Emes freedom.", "He led His children", "through the divided parts of", "the Sea of Reeds,", "their pursuers and their enemies", "He drowned in its depths.", "And His children saw His mighty power—", "they praised and gave thanks to His Name,", "His sovereignty", "they willingly accepted;", "Moshe and the children of Yisrael", "sang unto You with great joy,", "and they all said:", "“Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy!", "Who is like You?", "[You are] adorned in holiness,", "awesome in praise, performing wonders.”13Shemos 15:11", "Your children beheld Your sovereignty", "when You divided the sea before Moshe.", "“This is my God,”14Shemos 15:2 they exclaimed,", "and declared,", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”15Shemos 15:18", "And it is said,", "“For Adonoy has liberated Yaakov", "and redeemed him", "from a hand, mightier than his.”16Yirmiyahu 31:10", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "Who has redeemed Yisrael.", "
This is the second of the benedictions that follow the Shema.
", "Adonoy our God; make us lie down in peace,17Undisturbed peace, and strength for a new day of vigorous living are the gifts that night brings and for which we pray to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "our King, raise us again", "Spread over us", "the shelter of Your peace,", "and direct us to better ourselves", "through Your good counsel;18We particularly ask of Him at night to bless us with wise counsel. Daytime is the time for achievement, but the rest that comes with nightfall is made to allow man to compose his thoughts. By virtue of the complete relaxation it affords, sleep endows the mind and spirit with renewed vigor. We pray therefore for Divine aid so that our nightly rest will help us take wise counsel and affirm worthy resolution for future days.—Avudraham and Siach Yitzchak", "and deliver us for Your Name’s sake.", "Shield us, and remove from us19Shield us from trouble before it comes, and remove it from us if it has already come.—Siach Yitzchak", "enemies, pestilence, sword,", "famine and sorrow.", "Remove the adversary20The Hebrew word שָׂטָן (Satan) used in the Prayer Book refers to the Evil Impulse, the lower passions which are a hindrance to man’s pursuit of the nobler aims in life. It is against the dominance of this impulse that the Jew prays. The “adversary,” therefore, is any person, spirit, or Evil Impulse that seduces us to do wrong.—Dover Sholom and others from before us", "and from behind us,", "and shelter us in the shadow of Your wings.", "For, Almighty,", "You are our Protector and Rescuer,", "For, Almighty", "You are a gracious and merciful King.", "Guard our going out and our coming in", "for life and peace", "for now forever.", "And spread over us", "the shelter of Your peace.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who spreads the shelter of peace over us", "and over all His people, Yisrael", "and over Yerushalayim.", "
On Shabbos say:
", "And the Children of Yisrael shall preserve", "the Sabbath,", "to maintain the Sabbath", "for their generations", "as an everlasting covenant.", "Between Me", "and between the Children of Yisrael", "it is a sign for eternity,", "that [in] six days, Adonoy made", "the heavens and the earth,", "and on the seventh day", "He abstained from work", "and rested.21Shemos 31:16-17. This is merely metaphorical, since Hashem of course does not become tired, nor does He require rest.", "Blow the Shofar on the New Moon,", "at the appointed time22The Talmud (Rosh Hashana 8a) relates the word כֶּסֶה to כְּסֹה, covering. All the festivals occur when the moon is clearly visible. Rosh Hashana occurs at the beginning of the month when the moon is still covered. for our festive-day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a [day of] judgement of the God of Yaakov.23Tehillim 81:4-5.", "
The Chazzan recites the following half-Kaddish
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein." ], "Amidah": [ "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.24Rabbi Yonasan Eibschitz in his sefer, Yaaros Devash, explains that upon reflecting in Whose presence he is about to pray, man should be so overwhelmed with awe and trepidation that he is unable to open his lips. He therefore prefaces his prayer by beseeching Hashem, to open his lips, asking His help to be able to pray in His Presence.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life25Because these are days of judgment and our lives hang in the balance, we pray to Hashem to remember us for life (Rashi, Levush).", "King, Who desires life;26This is based on Yechezkel 18:32, ‘For I do not desire the death of him that dies, but rather that he repent from his evil ways and live.’", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,27This refers to the Book in which the righteous are inscribed for life everlasting.", "for Your sake,28We ask Hashem to grant us life for His sake, i.e., so that we can fulfill His commandments. Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King,29We proclaim and accept His kingship on Rosh Hashana. Helper,30He helps us during the Ten Days of Penitence, by accepting our repentance. and Deliverer31He delivers us on Yom Kippur by forgiving our sins. and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever,32Hashem’s rule of the world is permanent and perpetual (Kuzari). my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead33Here we emphatically declare our belief in the immortality of the soul (Kuzari).", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.34Deliverance is not a sudden happening but rather a process of growth or sprouting.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.35Even if we are not worthy of life by virtue of our deeds, inscribe us for life because You are a merciful Father (Siddur Chasidei Ashkenaz).", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "And so,36The word וּבְכֵן, ‘and so,’ marks the beginning of the special prayers of the Shemoneh Esreh recited at each Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur service. According to Avudraham, the Sages chose this word to convey the thought expressed by Esther as she prepared to go before the king on behalf of her people. After telling Mordechai to assemble all the Jews to fast for three days and nights on her behalf, she said, “ וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ ‘and so I will go in to the king” (Esther 4:16). Thus, since today is the Day of Judgment, as we come before the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One Blessed is He, we begin with the words uttered by Esther as she came before the king. The Siddur Maggid Tzedek quoted by Siach Yitzchak writes that the emphasis of Avudraham was on the last words of the verse said by Esther, “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת,” “And so I will go into the king, even if it is unlawful,” for which one of us can say, “I am virtuous, I have cleansed my heart from sin.” Especially on this great and awesome Day of Judgment, who among us is not embarrassed and ashamed to appear before the King of kings garbed in sackcloths of sin. If Esther who had fasted for three days in penitence and prayer in preparation for her appearance before the king was nevertheless so terribly frightened that she declared: “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת” then we should certainly tremble in awe before the presence of Hashem on this Day of Judgment, knowing deep in our hearts how little and how poorly we have prepared ourselves. Thus our Sages ordained that we open the prayers with the word וּבְכֵן recalling the words of Esther; therewith shattering our delusiouns of spiritual complacency, and causing us to bow before Him with broken hearts and tear-filled eyes.", "grant37The word תֵּן implies מַתָּנָה, a gift. We ask Hashem to grant us the feeling of reverence for Him, as a gift, knowing how difficult it is to attain such a high level of reverence completely on our own (Siach Yitzchak). that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,38The word מַעֲשֶׂיךָ, lit., Your works, indicates that which has attained or is near perfection. Thus Yisrael is called His works since we have accepted His kingship and His Torah which is the fulfillment of Hashem’s creation (Siach Yitzchak).", "and Your dread upon all You have created;39All you have created, שֶׁבָּרָאתָ, indicates that which has not attained its fulfillment, thus we ask Hashem to cast His dread even on those people who have not yet accepted His Divine Kingdom (Siach Yitzchak).", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,40The nation of Yisrael will fear You.", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.41The nations of the world will finally prostrate themselves before You, i.e. submit to You and accept the yoke of Your Kingship.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,42Once all of Your works and created beings have submitted themselves to Your rule and formed a single bond to do Your will, the honor of Yisrael will be established and raised to new heights. It will then be apparent to all that Yisrael alone carried the yoke of Hashem’s kingdom throughout the bitter years of exile, giving Him obedience despite its suffering and persecution and the taunts of those who cynically asked, “Where is Your God” (Etz Yosef).", "praise to those who fear You,43Those who fear Hashem will then be praiseworthy in the eyes of all men.", "good hope to those who seek You44Men will no longer consider as ridiculous those who seek Hashem and search for ways to serve Him.", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,45Those who wait upon Him will no longer be subdued but will voice their convictions freely.", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.46See Tehillim 132:17. The climax of this spiritual renaissance will be the restoration of our people to our land under the scepter of the Moshiach, descendant of Dovid, the anointed of Hashem.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,47The entire universe was created for the sake of Yisrael in order that Hashem’s Divine Influence be attached to it. This essence (Yisrael) was created for the sake of an even more treasured essence, namely the prophets and the pious among them. This gradation forms the basis of the sequence of the Rosh Hashana-Yom Kippur prayers: “Grant that Your awe be upon all that You have made,” is the first prayer. It is followed by, “Grant honor to Your people,” and finally by “the righteous will see this and rejoice.” Thus the righteous and pious are the purpose and fulfillment of the entire creation, the true reason for celebrating these holy days (Fundamentals of Kuzari, page 59).", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon, dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations.", "Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our king, to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "
When Rosh Hashana falls on Saturday night say:
", "You have made known to us,", "Adonoy, our God,", "Your righteous judgments", "and have taught us to perform", "the statutes of Your will.", "And You gave us, Adonoy our God,", "upright judgments and teachings of truth,", "statutes and commandments that are good.", "You have given us as a heritage", "seasons of happiness,", "appointed festivals of holiness,", "and festivals for voluntary offerings,", "and You bequeathed to us", "the sanctity of Shabbos,", "the glory of appointed festivals,", "and the feasts of the pilgrimage festival.", "You have made a distinction", "Adonoy, our God,", "between the sacred and the unhallowed,", "between light and darkness,", "between Yisrael and the peoples;", "between the seventh day", "and the six work days;", "between the sanctity of Shabbos", "and the sanctity of the Holiday", "have You distinguished,", "and the seventh day", "from the six work days have You sanctified.", "You have distinguished and sanctified", "Your people Yisrael with Your holiness.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,48Our plea to Hashem is, “let Your rule become evident in all Your glory.” Hashem has reigned supreme at all times; it is only man who, until now, has failed to recognize Hashem’s rule and render Him homage. We now pray that man will at long last come to know Hashem’s eternal, universal sovereignty and pay it the tribute of unreserved obedience (S.R. Hirsch).", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,49According to Avudraham this classification refers to the very wicked who have never fulfilled a commandment, but who nevertheless have breath in their nostrils. Let them also proclaim on the Day of Judgment, that You, God of Yisrael are King!", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure", "Your holy Sabbath;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "[they who are] sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,50Even as Hashem Himself is forever true, and even as His word, the Torah and the promise revealed to us are eternally true and unalterable, so too our own service to Him should be true, unswerving and constant. For this purpose we pray for טַהֲרַת הַלֵּב, purity of heart. We must cleanse and purify our hearts of every passion and impulse that might tempt us to transgress the law or that might stand in the way of our serving Hashem (S.R. Hirsch).", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(of the Sabbath and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles", "of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise", "Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Abundant peace", "upon Yisrael, Your people,", "bestow forever,", "for You are King,", "Master of all peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "to bless", "Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy, ", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God,", "guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Vayechulu": [ "When Rosh Hashana falls on Shabbos, the entire congregation repeats וַיְכֻלּוּ, in testimony of our belief that God created Heaven and earth. According to the Halacha, when one is a witness, he must stand and declare his testimony aloud.", "The heavens and the earth were completed", "and [so were] all their hosts.", "And God completed by the seventh day", "His work which He had done,", "and He abstained on the seventh day,", "from all His work which He had done.", "And God blessed the seventh day", "and sanctified it", "for on it He abstained", "from all His work", "which God had created to do.", "The following prayer, בְּרָכָה מֵעֵין שֶׁבַע the abridged form of the seven blessings of the Maariv Amidah, is said only by the Chazzan.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov;", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "the most high Almighty,", "Possessor of heaven and earth.", "
The congregation may recite the following paragraph, which should then be repeated aloud and in its entirety by the Chazzan.
" ], "Magein Avos": [ "Shield of [our] fathers with His word,", "Resurrector of the dead", "with His utterance;", "the King, the Holy One", "Who has no peer.", "He gives rest to His people", "on the day of His holy Shabbos", "for with them He was pleased", "to grant them rest.", "Before Him we will serve", "with fear and trepidation,", "and give thanks to His Name", "every day continuously,", "from the essence of the blessings.", "Almighty of thanksgiving,", "Master of peace,", "Sanctifier of the Shabbos,", "Who blesses the seventh day", "and grants rest in sanctity", "to a people sated with delight—", "in commemoration of the work of creation.", "Our God, and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest,", "sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth.", "And give us as our inheritance,", "Adonoy our God,", "in love and in pleasure", "Your holy Shabbos;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "the sanctifiers of Your Name.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "Sanctifier of Shabbos.", "
The following is said responsively:
", "A Psalm of Dovid:", "the earth is Adonoy’s and the fullness thereof,", "the inhabited world", "and those who dwell in it.", "For He founded it upon the seas,", "and established it upon rivers.", "Who may ascend the mountain of Adonoy,", "and who may stand", "in the place of His holiness?", "The clean of hands and the pure of heart,", "who has not borne My soul in vain,", "and has not sworn deceitfully.", "He will bear Adonoy’s blessing", "and righteousness", "from the God of his deliverance.", "This is the generation of those who seek Him,", "the seekers of Your Presence,", "[God of] Yaakov, selah.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and be uplifted", "[you] entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and lift up, entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, selah.", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Aleinu": [ "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator", "of the [world in the] beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory is in heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftiest heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true,", "all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth,", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You, every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear [allegiance to You].", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will all accept [upon themselves]", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One", "and His Name One.”", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "The following Psalm (27) is recited at the conclusion of services, morning and evenings, from the first day of Elul, through Shemini Atzeres.", "The Psalm voices our prayer that God will be our light on Rosh Hashana enabling us to repel the darkness of sin through true repentance, and that He will be our salvation on Yom Kippur, through His compassionate atonement of our sins.", "By Dovid:", "Adonoy is my light and my salvation,", "whom shall I fear?", "Adonoy is the strength51Rav S.R. Hirsch’s translates, “Adonoy is the source of my life’s strength,” thus Dovid declares that Hashem is the fount from which his life derives its power to resist all foes. of my life,", "of whom shall I be afraid?", "When evildoers approach me", "to devour my flesh—", "my tormentors and my foes", "they stumble and fall.", "If an army should encamp against me,", "my heart would not fear;", "if war were to rise against me", "in this52Dovid says that he trusts in the declaration stated in the opening verse, “Adonoy is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?”—Rashi, Radak I trust.", "One thing I request of Adonoy,", "[only] that shall I seek:", "that I may dwell53The literal translation of שִׁבְתִּי is “my sitting.” The Talmud states that “no man may ‘sit’ in the courtyard of the Temple except for the kings of the House of Dovid.—Maseches Soteh 40b in the House of Adonoy", "all the days of my life,", "to behold the pleasantness of Adonoy,", "and to meditate in His Sanctuary.", "For He will hide me in His Tabernacle54The Vilna Gaon comments that the commandment of Succos is implied in this verse and the next.", "on the day of distress,", "He will conceal me in the shelter of His Tent,", "upon a rock He will lift me.", "And now my head is raised high", "above my enemies around me;55Dovid declares, “Because I look up to Hashem in every aspect of my existence, I am so exalted that no enemy can harm me.—S.R. Hirsch", "and I will offer in His Tent,", "sacrifices [accompanied] with trumpets of joy;", "I will sing and chant to Adonoy.", "Adonoy, hear my voice56This verse alludes to Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. “Hear my voice,” refers to Rosh Hashana when we sound the shofar. The word “my voice (sound)” refers to the “voice” of the shofar. “When I call” refers to Yom Kippur, about which Yeshaya (55:6) said, “call to Him when He is near.”—Siddur HaGra when I call;", "be gracious to me and answer me.", "Of You, my heart has said,", "“Seek My Presence”;", "Your Presence, Adonoy I will seek.", "Conceal not Your Presence from me,", "do not turn away Your servant in anger.", "You have been my help;", "neither cast me off nor abandon me,", "God of my deliverance.", "Altough my father and mother", "abandon57Even if I were so depraved that my own mother and father would abandon me to my own devices, Hashem would still gather me up and believe in my ability to mend my ways.—S.R. Hirsch me,", "Adonoy will gather me up.", "Adonoy, teach me Your way,", "and lead me in the path of uprightness,", "because of my watchful foes.58His enemies. Dovid asks for Divine help that he be saved even from the mere semblance of wrongdoing so that his foes should not be able to rejoice over his faults.—S.R. Hirsch", "Do not deliver me", "to the will of my tormentors,", "for false witnesses have risen against me,", "who breathe violence.", "Had I not believed59“These false witnesses would have destroyed me had I not believed that I would see the goodness of Hashem in the land of the living.”—Rashi, Radak that I would see", "the goodness of Adonoy", "in the land of living.60There are various interpretations of the “Land of the living.” Some hold that it refers to the present world in which we live—Metsudas Tziyon; Ramban holds that it refers to the World-to- Come; and Malbim says that it refers to Eretz Yisroel.", "Hope to Adonoy,", "be strong and He will give you courage;", "and hope to Adonoy." ], "Mourner's Kaddish": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Adon Olam": [ "This hymn has been attributed to R’ Shlomo ibn Gabirol who lived in Spain during the eleventh century.", "Master of the Universe Who reigned", "before any creature was created.", "At the time when all was made by His will,", "then was His Name proclaimed King.", "And after all things shall cease to be,", "the Awesome One will reign alone.", "He was, He is,", "and He shall be in glory.", "He is One, and there is no second", "to compare to Him, to associate [with Him].", "Without beginning, without end,", "power and dominion are His.", "He is my God and my ever-living Redeemer,", "the Rock of my destiny in times of distress.", "He is my flag and my refuge;", "He is the portion of my cup on the day I call.", "Into His hand I entrust my spirit", "[both] when I sleep and when I awaken.", "And with my spirit my body [too],", "Adonoy is with me, I shall not fear.", "After the services it is customary to greet friends with the following greeting", "
To one person say:
", "May you be inscribed for a good year.", "
To several people say:
", "May you be inscribed for a good year." ] }, "Kiddush": [ "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, begin here:
", "
Recite quietly:
", "And evening came, then morning came:", "
Recite aloud:
", "the sixth day.", "The heavens and the earth were completed", "and [so were] all their hosts.", "And God completed, by the seventh day,", "His work which He had done;", "and He abstained on the seventh day", "from all His work which He had done.", "And God blessed the seventh day", "and sanctified it,", "for on it He abstained", "from all His work", "which God had created to do.", "
On weekdays, begin here:
", "
When reciting Kiddush on wine
", "Attention! our masters and our teachers:", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Creator of the fruit of the vine.", "
When reciting Kiddush on challa
", "With your permission!", "our masters and our teachers:", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who takes bread out from the earth.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who chose us from among all people,", "and exalted us above all (tongues) languages,", "and sanctified us with His commandments.", "And [You] gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(this Shabbos day, and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(the day of remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "For us have You chosen", "and us have You sanctified", "from among all peoples;", "and Your word is true and enduring forever", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "King over all the earth", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(Of Shabbos and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance:", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who has kept us alive and sustained us", "and brought us to this season.", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs at the conclusion of Shabbos, the following two blessing are said before the blessing of “שֶׁהֶחֱיָֽנוּ, Who has kept us alive”:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Creator of the lights of fire.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who has made a distinction", "between the sacred and the unhallowed,", "between light and darkness,", "between Yisrael and the peoples,", "between the seventh day", "and the six work days.", "Between the sanctity of Shabbos", "and the sanctity of the Holiday", "have You distinguished,", "and the seventh day", "[from] the six work days have You sanctified.", "You have distinguished and sanctified", "Your people Yisrael with Your holiness.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "Who distinguished between sacred and sacred.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who has kept us alive and sustained us", "and brought us to this season.", "Customs of the Rosh Hashana Meal", "On the first night of Rosh Hashana, it is customary to perform several symbolic rituals, to serve as good omens for the coming new year. At the beginning of the evening meal it is customary to dip a portion of the challah in honey and after eating a piece, the weight of an olive, say: “יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְפָנֶיךָ שֶׁתְּחַדֵשׁ עָלֵינוּ שָׁנָה טוֹבָה וּמְתוּקָה—May it be Your will to renew for us a good and sweet year.” Then, take a piece of sweet apple and dip it in honey. First make the blessing, “בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ—Blessed are You, Adonoy, our God, King of the universe, Who creates the fruit of the tree.” After tasting it, repeat the above prayer, “יְהִי רָצוֹן—May it be Your will to renew for us a good and sweet year.” It is also a custom to eat a piece of the head of some animal, (preferably a sheep) and say: “יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁנִהְיֶה לְראשׁ—May it be Your will that we be at the head.” We also eat certain vegetables, the names of which convey the connotations of good fortune, such as carrots which in Yiddish are called mehren (increase), and we say: “יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁיִרְבּוּ זְכוּיוֹתֵינוּ—May it be Your will that our merits increase.”" ], "The Morning Prayers": { "Upon Arising in the Morning": [ "
Upon waking in the morning, even before washing your hands, say:
", "I give thanks to You", "living and everlasting King", "for You have restored my soul with mercy.", "Great is Your faithfulness.", "
After washing your hands, say:
", "The beginning of wisdom is fear of Adonoy,", "good understanding", "to all who perform [His commandments],", "His praise endures forever.", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.", "
Before putting on your tallis katan say:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "concerning the mitzva of tzitzis (fringes).", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "to consider [my fulfillment of]", "the mitzva of tzitzis before You", "as though I had fulfilled it", "in every detail,", "accurately and with full intent,", "and the 6131The numerical value of the word צִיצִית is 600 which, with the 8 threads and 5 knots of the צִיצִית itself, makes 613, the exact number of the mitzvos of the Torah. This symbolizes the Talmudic statement (Maseches Nedarim 25a) that the wearing of tzitzis equals the observance of the whole Torah. commandments", "that depend on it. Amein, Selah." ], "Putting On the Tallis": [ "
While examining the fringes of the tallis say:
", "My soul, bless Adonoy,", "Adonoy, my God, You are greatly exalted.", "With beauty and splendor are You clothed", "enwrapped in light, garment-like;", "You spread out the heavens like a curtain.2Tehillim 104:1,2.", "", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "to enwrap ourselves with tzitzis.", "
Cover your head with the tallis and say:
", "How precious is Your kindness, God;", "the children of men", "take refuge in the shadow of Your wings.", "They will be filled", "from the abundance of Your House,", "and from the stream of Your delights", "You will give them to drink.", "For with You is the source of life,", "in Your light shall we see light.", "Extend Your kindness", "to those who know You,", "and Your righteousness", "to the upright in heart.3Tehillim 36:8-11." ], "Ma Tovu": [ "
The following verses from Scriptures are recited upon entering the synagogue, as though asking permission of God to enter and pray in His Holy place.
", "How good are your tents, Yaakov:", "your dwelling places, Yisrael.4Bamidbar 24:5. The Talmud (Maseches Sanhedrin 105a) relates that this verse contains Bilam’s prophetic allusion to Jewish houses of study and worship.", "As for me, through Your abundant kindness", "I will enter Your House;", "I will prostrate myself", "toward Your Holy Sanctuary in awe of You.5Tehillim 5:8.", "Adonoy, I love the Dwelling, Your House,", "and the place where Your glory resides.6Tehillim 26:8.", "I will prostrate myself,7These are three distinct degrees of worship, representing various levels of subjugation before Hashem. and bow,7These are three distinct degrees of worship, representing various levels of subjugation before Hashem.", "I will kneel7These are three distinct degrees of worship, representing various levels of subjugation before Hashem. before Adonoy, my Maker.", "May my prayer to You Adonoy", "be at a favorable time;", "God, in the abundance of Your kindness", "answer me", "with the truth of Your deliverance.8Tehillim 69:14." ], "Adon Olam": [ "This hymn has been attributed to R’ Shlomo ibn Gabirol who lived in Spain during the eleventh century. While praising God’s omnipotence and providence, it clarifies the meaning of the name Adonoy so that before proceeding to pray, each worshiper understands the significance of the God he is addressing.", "Master of the Universe Who reigned", "before any creature was created.", "At the time when all was made by His will,", "then was His Name proclaimed King.", "And after all things shall cease to be,", "the Awesome One will reign alone.", "He was, He is,", "and He shall be in glory.", "He is One, and there is no second", "to compare to Him, to associate [with Him].", "Without beginning, without end,", "power and dominion are His.", "He is my God and my ever-living Redeemer,", "the Rock of my destiny in times of distress.", "He is my flag9It is to Him that I rally and through Him that I am identified.—Etz Yosef and my refuge;", "He is the portion of my cup on the day I call.10He answers me.", "Into His hand I entrust my spirit", "[both] when I sleep and when I awaken.", "And with my spirit my body [too],", "Adonoy is with me, I shall not fear." ], "Yigdal": [ "This hymn, written by Daniel ben Yehuda, who was a Dayan in Rome about 1300, is based on Maimonides’ 13 principles of Judaism. According to Maimonides, failure to believe in a single one of these principles places one outside the pale of Judaism.", "1) The existence of God", "Exalted is the living God, and praised", "He exists, and His existence transcends time.", "2) God is One", "He is One, and there is no unity like His,", "He is invisible, His unity is infinite.", "3) God is uncorporeal", "He is unlike the corporeal", "or even the non-corporeal,11Hashem can also not be compared to the angels.", "His holiness is beyond comparison.", "4) God is Eternal", "He preceded every being that was created,", "He was First,", "and there was no genesis to His beginning.", "5) God alone must be worshipped", "He is Master of the Universe to every creature,", "(all) proclaim His greatness and His majesty.", "6) Truth of Divine Prophecy", "The fullness of His prophecy, He bestowed", "on those He treasured,", "and in whom He gloried.", "7) Moshe was the greatest of all prophets", "There never arose in Yisrael", "another like Moshe,", "a prophet who beheld God’s image.", "8) Divine revelation of the Torah", "The Torah of truth", "the Almighty gave to His people", "through His prophet,", "the trusted one of His house.", "9) The Torah is immutable", "The Almighty will not exchange", "nor alter His Law.", "Never will He offer any alternative.", "10) God knows the acts and thoughts of man", "He scrutinizes and knows our secrets.", "He beholds the end of a thing", "at its beginning.", "11) Divine reward and punishment", "He rewards man with kindness", "according to his deeds.", "He places evil on the wicked", "according to his wickedness.12The word deed is not applied to the wicked man. Since Divine reward and punishment are distributed with kindness, reward is granted to man not only for his deed which may itself be insignificant, but also for the long range effect of that deed. He is punished, however, only for his act of wickedness, not for the consequences of his deed.—Etz Yosef", "12) Belief in the coming of the Messiah", "He will send our Messiah at the end of days,", "to redeem all who await His final deliverance.", "13) Divine resurrection of the dead", "The Almighty will revive the dead", "because of His abundant kindness:", "Blessed forever is His praised Name." ], "Blessings Upon Arising": [ "Blessed13The word “blessed” is similar in concept to the words: “merciful” or “gracious” when applied to Hashem. Just as merciful means that He is merciful, the source of mercy; so too, blessed means that He is the source of blessing.—Avudraham are You, Adonoy14Generally speaking, the name Adonoy is understood as it is pronounced—Adonoy—my Master, and indicates His rule and providence of the universe. When reciting the Shema however, one should bear in mind the written character of the Name which indicates Hashem’s everpresent existence. He was—is—and ever will be.—Vilna Gaon", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "concerning the washing of hands.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who formed man with wisdom15This may mean either that man was formed by Hashem’s wisdom, or that Hashem formed man and endowed him with wisdom.", "and created within him openings", "and hollows.", "It is obvious and known", "in the presence of Your glorious throne16In refutation of those who claim that Hashem is not concerned with earthly matters, we declare that even in the presence of His glorious throne, where He is surrounded by myriads of angels, He is aware of the mundane needs of each individual.—Vilna Gaon", "that if one of them were ruptured,", "or if one of them were blocked,", "it would be impossible to exist", "and stand in Your Presence", "even for a short while.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who heals all flesh", "and performs wonders.", "My God!", "the soul which You bestowed in me is pure;", "You created it, You formed it,", "You breathed it into me", "and You preserve it within me.", "You will eventually take it from me,", "and restore it in me in the time to come.17This statement refers to the time when the dead will be resurrected.", "So long as the soul is within me", "I give thanks to You, Adonoy my God,18Thus it is said, “I will praise Adonoy with my life, I will sing to my God with my being” (Tehillim 146:2).", "and God of my fathers,", "Lord of all creatures,", "Master of all souls.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who restores souls", "to dead bodies.19This is a reference to Hashem’s restoring of the soul each morning following its departure while the person sleeps." ], "Blessings of the Torah": [ "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified20The observance and fulfillment of His commandments makes a person holy. us", "with His commandments", "and commanded us", "to be engrossed in the words of Torah.", "Adonoy our God, please make pleasant", "the words of Your Torah in our mouths", "and in the mouths of Your people Yisrael.", "And may we and our descendants", "and the descendants of Your people", "the House of Yisrael,", "all be perceivers of Your Name", "and students of Your Torah for its own sake.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "Who teaches Torah to His people, Yisrael.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who chose us from among all the peoples21An allusion to Hashem’s declaration, “And you will be a treasure unto me from among all people” (Shemos 19:6) which preceded the giving of the Torah at Sinai.—Vilna Gaon", "and gave us His Torah.22An allusion to the actual giving of the Torah at Sinai.—Vilna Gaon", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Giver of the Torah!", "May Adonoy bless you and guard you.", "May Adonoy shine", "His countenance upon you", "and be gracious unto you.", "May Adonoy turn", "His countenance toward you", "and grant you peace.23Bamidbar 6:24-26.", "These are precepts24Mishnah, Peah 1:1: Talmud Maseches Shabbos 127a.", "for which no fixed measure is prescribed:", "[leaving] the corner", "[of a field unharvested],25The unharvested produce was left for the poor; Vayikra 19:9.", "[the offering of] the first fruits,26Shemos 23:9.", "the appearance-offering,27These offerings were brought when a Jew “appeared” before Hashem in the Temple on the three Pilgrimage festivals—Pesach, Shavuos and Sukkos—Shemos 23:14-17, Devarim 16:16,17.", "[performing] deeds of kindness,", "and the study of Torah.", "These are precepts,", "the fruits of which man enjoys", "in this world,", "[while] the principal [reward]", "is preserved for him in the World-to-Come.", "They are:", "honoring father and mother,", "[performing] deeds of kindness,", "early attendance in the House of Study", "morning and evening,", "providing hospitality to guests,", "visiting the sick,", "participating in making a wedding,", "accompanying the dead [to the grave],", "concentrating on the meaning of prayers,", "making peace between fellow men", "and the study of Torah is equal to them all." ], "Morning Blessings": [ "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who gave the rooster understanding", "to distinguish between day and night.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who did not make me a gentile.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who did not make me a slave.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who did not make me a woman.28No degradation of women is implied in this blessing. Men thank Hashem for the privilege which is theirs of performing all the precepts of the Torah, many of which are not incumbent upon women.", "
A woman says:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who made me according to His will.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who gives sight to the blind.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who clothes the naked.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who releases the imprisoned.29He releases the prisoners of misfortune, passion, sin, hatred and jealousy.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who straightens the bent.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who spreads the earth above the waters.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who provided me with all my needs.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who prepares the steps of man.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who girds Yisrael with might.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who crowns Yisrael with glory.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who gives strength to the weary.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who removes sleep from my eyes", "and slumber from my eyelids.", "And may it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God", "And God of our fathers,", "to make us study Torah regularly,", "and hold fast to Your commandments.", "Do not bring us", "into the grasp of sin,30To sin unknowingly.", "nor into the grasp of", "transgression or iniquity.31To sin willfully.", "Do not cause us to be tested,32We pray that Hashem will not put us to tests that are too difficult to withstand.", "or brought to disgrace.33Should we fail the tests, we will be disgraced.", "Let us not be dominated", "by the Evil Inclination.", "Keep us far from an evil person,", "and from an evil companion.", "Make us hold fast to the Good Inclination,", "and to good deeds,", "and compel our Evil Inclination", "to be subservient to You.", "Grant us this day and every day", "favor,34“Favor” means receiving Hashem’s blessings because of our merit.—Si’ach Yitzchak kindness,35“Kindness” is Hashem’s benevolence bestowed purely by His will, regardless of merit.—Si’ach Yitzchak and compassion36“Compassion” describes Hashem’s withholding of deserved punishment.—Si’ach Yitzchak", "in Your eyes", "and in the eyes of all who see us,", "and bestow bountiful kindness upon us,", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who bestows bountiful kindness", "upon His people Yisrael.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God", "and God of my fathers,", "to save me today and every day", "from arrogant men and from arrogance;", "from an evil man, from an evil companion,", "from an evil neighbor;", "from an evil mishap", "and from the destructive Satan;", "from a difficult judgment", "and a difficult opponent,", "whether he is a fellow Jew", "or not a fellow Jew." ], "Akeidah (The Binding of Yitzchak)": [ "Our God and God of our fathers,", "remember us favorably before You", "and be mindful of us for", "deliverance and compassion", "from the eternal high heavens.", "Remember in our behalf, Adonoy, our God:", "the love of our ancestors,", "Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yisrael, Your servants;", "the covenant, the kindness,", "and the oath which You swore", "to our father Avraham on Mount Moriah,", "and the binding", "of Yitzchak, his son", "on the altar,", "as it is written in Your Torah.37Bereishis 22:1-19:", "After these events,38These events refer to the previous nine tests by which Hashem tested Avraham. This was to be the tenth and the most difficult test of all.—Ha’amek Dovor", "God tested Avraham", "and said to him, “Avraham!”", "and he [Avraham] said, “Here I am.”", "He said, “Please, take your son,", "your only one,39Yitzchak was Avraham’s only son by Sarah.", "whom you love—Yitzchak—", "and go to the land of Moriah,", "and bring him up as a burnt-offering", "on one of the mountains", "which I will designate to you.", "Avraham awoke early in the morning,", "saddled his donkey,", "and took his two attendants40Yishmael and Eliezer.—Rashi with him,", "and also his son Yitzchak.", "He split the wood of the burnt-offering,", "and rose up, and went to the place", "that God had designated to him.", "On the third day,", "Avraham lifted his eyes", "and saw the place from afar.", "Avraham said to his attendants,", "“You stay here with the donkey,", "and I and the boy will go to that place.", "We will prostrate ourselves [in worship]", "and return41Avraham prophesied that both of them would return.—Rashi to you.”", "And Avraham took", "the wood of the burnt-offering", "and placed it on his son Yitzchak.", "In his hand he took", "the fire and the knife,42The Hebrew word is “maacheles” (root: אכל = to eat) which means that it renders meat fit for eating through slaughtering the animal. Another interpretation is: his knife is called maacheles because we still enjoy (eat) the reward of Avraham’s virtue when he agreed to use it to slaughter his son.—Rashi", "and they both went together.", "Yitzchak spoke to Avraham his father", "and said, “Father,”", "and he said, “Here I am my son.”", "He said, “Here are the fire and the wood,", "but where is the lamb for the burnt-offering?”", "Avraham said,", "“God Himself will show the lamb", "for a burnt offering, my son.”", "And the two of them went together.43Although Yitzchak understood that he was going to be slaughtered, “They went together”— with like hearts.—Rashi", "They came to the place", "that God had designated to him,", "and Avraham built the44The Torah says that he built “the” altar not just “an” altar, to indicate that Avraham rebuilt the same altar which was originally built by Adam and used by Kayin, Hevel and by No’ach.—Targum Yonoson ben Uziel altar there,", "and arranged the wood,", "and bound his son Yitzchak,", "and placed him on the altar,", "on top of the wood.", "Avraham reached out his hand", "and took the knife", "to slaughter his son.", "An angel of Adonoy called to him", "from heaven", "and said, “Avraham! Avraham!”", "and he said, “Here I am.”", "He [God] said,", "“Do not harm the boy,", "nor do anything to him;", "for now I know", "that you are one who fears God", "and have not withheld your son,", "your only one, from Me.”", "Avraham raised his eyes", "and beheld a ram45Tradition tells us that this ram was prepared for this purpose from the time of creation. Rashi (from Maseches Avos 5:6)", "after it had been caught in the thicket", "by its horns;", "and Avraham went and took the ram,", "and brought it up as a burnt-offering", "instead of his son.", "Avraham called", "the name of that place,", "“Adonoy will see”;46The Midrash interprets the following: “Hashem will see the binding of Yitzchak and through its merit He will pardon Yisrael every year and rescue them from trouble. It will thus be said, “On this day,” by all generations that the ashes of Yitzchak are seen by Hashem and serve as our atonement.—Rashi", "as it is said [to] this day", "“On Adonoy’s mountain, He will be seen.”", "An angel of Adonoy called to Avraham", "a second time from heaven, and said,", "“‘I have sworn by Myself,’ declares Adonoy,", "‘that because you performed", "this deed,", "and did not withhold", "your only son,", "I will greatly bless you", "and make your descendants as numerous47If these blessings were intended to increase the population of Avraham’s descendants, it was superfluous, since Hashem had previously blessed him for that purpose. Hashem here blessed the descendants of Avraham with the nobility of spirit and courage to fulfill the command to sanctify Hashem even when self-sacrifice is required. Only the nation of Yisrael, Avraham’s children, were commanded to fulfill this mitzvoh, because of the legacy we inherited from him.—Ha’amek Dovor.", "as the stars of the sky", "and like the sand on the seashore,", "and your descendants will inherit", "the gate of their enemies.", "Through your children, will be blessed", "all the nations of the world,", "because you heeded My voice.’”", "Avraham returned to his attendants,", "and they rose and went together", "to Beer Sheva,", "and Avraham dwelt in Beer Sheva.", "Master of the Universe!", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "to recall for our sake", "the covenant of our fathers.", "Just as our father, Avraham suppressed", "his compassion for his only son", "and would have slaughtered him", "to do Your will,", "so may Your compassion suppress", "Your anger against us;", "and may Your compassion prevail", "over Your [other] attributes,48This refers to Hashem’s attribute of stern justice.", "to deal with us", "more leniently than the letter of Your law.", "Deal with us, Adonoy, our God,", "kindly and with compassion.", "In Your great goodness,", "turn Your fierce anger away", "from Your people, and from Your city,", "from Your land,", "and from Your territorial heritage.", "Fulfill for us, Adonoy, our God,", "the promise You made,", "through Your servant Moshe, as was said,49Vayikra 26:42.", "“I will recall My covenant with Yaakov,", "also My covenant with Yitzchak,", "and also My covenant with Avraham", "will I recall;", "and I will recall the land.”", "A person should always be in fear of God,", "privately as well as openly,50Some people conduct themselves in a God-fearing manner in the presence of others (in public), but in the privacy of their homes, do whatever they please. There are others who do just the opposite. In private they are governed by fear of Hashem, but in the presence of others they are too embarrassed or intimidated to be God-fearing. A Jew must always fear Hashem, in private as well as in public.—Si’ach Yitzchak", "[he should] admit the truth,51Acknowledging the truth is fundamental to serving Hashem, and to all human behavior. One who is concerned merely with “winning the argument” will go to any extreme to come out on top. This attitude caused the downfall of the 250 leaders who joined Korach, rather than acknowledge the truth of Moshe’ declaration (Bamidbar 16:2-35).—Si’ach Yitzchak", "and speak truth in his heart,52It is not sufficient to merely acknowledge the truth verbally but one must speak truth in his heart as well. Rashi on the Talmud (Maseches Makos 24a) cites the following incident as an example of how one should speak truth in his heart: A buyer once offered to purchase an article from Rav Safra while he was reciting the Shema. Because he could not indicate his acceptance, the anxious purchaser increased his offer. Rav Safra refused the increment because in his heart he had already accepted the original offer.", "and rise early and proclaim:", "Master of all the worlds!", "Not on account of our righteousness", "do we offer our supplications before You,", "but on account of Your abundant mercy.", "What are we? What is our life?", "What are our acts of kindness?", "What is our righteousness?", "What is our deliverance?53Of ourselves or others.", "What is our strength? What is our might?", "What can we say before You,", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers?", "Are not all the mighty men", "as nothing before You?", "Famous men as though they had never been?", "The wise as if they were without knowledge?", "And men of understanding,", "as if they were devoid of intelligence?", "For most of their actions are a waste,54In terms of achievement.—Dover Sholom", "and the days of their life", "are trivial55In terms of time.—Dover Sholom in Your presence.", "The superiority of man over the beast", "is nil,", "for all is futile.", "However, we are Your people,", "children of Your covenant,", "children of Avraham, Your beloved,56Others translate, “Children of Avraham who loved You.” See commentaries on Yeshaya 41:8.", "to whom You swore on Mount Moriah;", "the seed of Yitzchak, his only son,", "who was bound on top of the altar;", "the community of Yaakov, Your firstborn,", "[whom]—because of Your love for him", "and Your joyous delight in him—", "You named him Yisrael57The name Yisrael symbolizes Yaakov’s wandering through history proclaiming the sovereignty of Hashem, while the name Yeshurun indicates his task to fulfill Hashem’s will as revealed to him, and to devote his life to the execution of that which is right in the eyes of Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "and Yeshurun.58Devarim 33:5.", "Therefore, we are obligated", "to thank You,", "to praise You, and to glorify You;", "to bless, to sanctify,", "and to offer praise and thanks to Your Name.", "We are fortunate! How good is our portion!", "How pleasant is our destiny!", "How beautiful is our heritage!", "We are fortunate", "that we rise early and stay late", "evening and morning,", "and say twice each day:", "“Hear Yisrael, Adonoy is our God,", "Adonoy is One.”", "
The following three lines are to be said silently
", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.", "You existed", "before the world was created.", "You exist [in the same way]", "now that the world has been created.", "You exist in this world,", "and You will exist in the World-to-Come.", "Sanctify Your Name", "through those who sanctifyYour Name", "and sanctify Your Name in Your world.", "And through Your deliverance", "You will be exalted", "and You will uplift our power.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the Sanctifier of Your Name", "among the multitudes.", "You are Adonoy, our God,", "in heaven and on earth,", "and in the highest heavens.", "In truth, You are First,59We refer to Hashem as “First” to preclude the notion that anything existed before Him, but not to assert that He has a beginning.—Kuzari", "and You are Last.60Similarly, “Last” is used only to repudiate the idea that there is an end to His existence, not to fix a term for Him.—Kuzari", "And besides You there is no God.", "Gather those who hope in You", "from the four corners of the earth.", "Let all mankind recognize and know", "that You alone are the God61Elohim is a descriptive term which signifies Hashem as ruler or judge.—Kuzari", "over all the kingdoms of the earth.", "You made the heavens,", "the earth,", "the sea, and all that is in them.", "Who is there among all Your handiwork,", "among the heavenly or earthly creatures,", "that can say to You, “What are You doing?”", "Our father in Heaven,", "deal kindly with us", "for the sake of Your great Name", "which is called upon us62The Jewish people are called “Hashem’s People” and the name ישר-אל—officers of Hashem “Yisrael,” by which they are called, includes Hashem’s Name.", "and fulfill for us, Adonoy, our God", "that which is written:", "“‘At that time, I will bring you in", "and at that time, I will gather you:", "for I will make you", "renowned and praised", "among all the peoples of the earth,", "when I bring back your captivity", "before your eyes,’ said Adonoy.”63Zephaniah 3:20." ], "Korbanos (Sacrificial Offerings)": [ "The Talmud (Maseches Menachos 110a) states: Rabbi Yitzchak asked, “Why does it say (Vayikra 6:18; 7:1) This is the law of the sin-offering, this is the law of the guilt-offering? To teach us that when one studies the law of the sin-offering, it is considered as though he had actually brought it on the Altar, and when one studies the law of the guilt-offering, it is as though he actually brought it on the Altar.”", "Rather than merely recite the following portions, study them and attempt to learn about the laws and significance of the various sacrifices.", "
Shemos 30:17-21
", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe to say:", "Make a copper laver", "and a copper base, for washing;", "and place it", "between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar,", "and put water in it.", "Aharon and his sons will wash from it,", "their hands and their feet.64His right hand was held above his right foot, the left hand above the left foot and all were washed simultaneously. Maseches Zevachim 59", "Upon entering the Tent of Meeting", "they will wash with water that they not die,", "or whenever they approach the Altar", "to serve, to burn a fire-offering to Adonoy.", "They will wash their hands and feet", "that they not die;", "and this is for them a perpetual statute", "for him [Aharon], and his descendants", "for all their generations.", "The following Scripture section describes the removal of the ashes which had accumulated on the Altar from the daily burnt-offering of the previous afternoon. This removal was performed prior to the daily morning burnt-offering. The passage below also describes the ritual of maintaining the wood pyres which were always burning on the Altar.", "
Vayikra 6:1
", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe to say:", "Command Aharon and his sons to say,", "this is the law of the burnt-offering.", "This is the burnt-offering", "[which must remain] on its pyre,", "upon the Altar all night,", "until morning,", "and the fire of the Altar", "will be kept burning on it.", "The Kohein will don his linen garment,", "and linen breeches upon his flesh,", "and he will remove the ashes", "when the fire consumes", "the burnt-offering on the Altar;", "and he will place it beside the Altar.", "He will remove his garments", "and don other garments,", "and carry the ashes", "outside the camp", "to an undefiled place.", "The fire upon the altar will be kept burning,", "it may not be extinguished.", "And the Kohein will burn wood on it", "every morning,", "and arrange on it the burnt-offering,", "and burn on it the fats of the peace-offerings.", "A constant fire", "will be kept burning on the Altar,", "it may not be extinguished." ], "Korban Tamid (Daily Offering)": [ "The Tamid-offerings, two daily offerings of one lamb each, were offered once in the morning and once in the afternoon. The former was the first public-offering brought on the Altar each day. And the latter terminated the day’s offerings. These animals were purchased from the annual half-shekel gifts of the people and were offered on behalf of the entire Jewish People. Before reading this passage we offer a brief prayer.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "to have compassion on us,", "to forgive us all our sins,", "[done unknowingly],", "to atone all our iniquities, [done knowingly],", "to pardon all our [malicious] transgressions,", "and may You build the Holy Temple", "quickly, in our days,", "that we may offer, before You,", "the daily burnt-offering to atone for us,", "as You wrote for us in Your Torah", "by the hand of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your Reverence,", "as it is said:", "
Bamidbar 28:1-8
", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe to say:", "Command the Children of Yisrael,65Kohanim, Levites and Yisraelites were to be present at the offering of the two daily public burnt-offerings. The Sages instituted the program of Maamodoth, under which representatives of all 12 tribes of Yisrael were always present when these sacrifices were offered. These representatives were rotated each week.", "and say to them:", "My offering, My food,", "to be consumed by My fires,", "a pleasing aroma to Me,", "You shall be diligent to bring unto Me,", "at its fixed time.", "And you will say to them:", "“This is the fire-offering", "that you will bring unto Adonoy:", "[male] lambs, in their first year,", "without blemish,", "two [of them] each day,", "as a constant burnt-offering.", "Offer one lamb in the morning,", "and the second lamb,", "offer in the afternoon.", "And a tenth of an ephah66A tenth of an ephah is the eqivalent of 43-1/5 eggs. of fine flour", "as a meal-offering,", "mixed with oil of crushed [olives]", "measuring one-fourth of a hin.67The hin is a liquid measure containing 12 logs, of which each log is approximately 6 eggs.", "[This is] a constant burnt-offering", "as offered at Mount Sinai", "for a pleasing aroma, a fire-offering to Adonoy.", "And its libation will be", "a fourth of a hin for the one lamb;", "in the Holy68On the Altar. [Sanctuary] you will pour out", "a drink-offering of strong wine to Adonoy.", "And the second lamb", "you will offer in the afternoon;", "as the meal-offering of the morning", "[together] with its libation, you shall offer", "a fire-offering of pleasing aroma to Adonoy.", "
Vayikra 1:11
", "And he will slaughter it", "on the north side of the Altar,", "before Adonoy;", "and Aharon’s sons, the Kohanim, will sprinkle", "its blood all around the Altar.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "that this recitation be", "important, acceptable", "and desirable before You,", "as if we sacrificed", "the daily burnt-offering", "at its proper time,", "in its proper place", "and according to its laws." ], "Ketores (Incense Offering)": [ "You are Adonoy, our God,", "before Whom our fathers burned", "the incense of spices", "when the Holy Temple was standing,", "as You commanded them", "by the hand of Moshe Your prophet,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "
Shemos 30:34-36
", "And Adonoy said to Moshe,", "“Take for yourself spices—", "stacte, onycha, and galbanum—69Galbanum has an offensive odor. The Torah includes it among the other spices to teach us to include even Jewish sinners among the rest of Jewry at our assemblies of fasting and prayers.—Rashi", "spices, and pure frankincense,", "[they] shall be in equal weights.", "You will make it into incense,", "a compound mixed by a compounder,", "salted,70The Hebrew word, memulach is rendered by Onkelos as mixed, to indicate that the spices should be well mixed together.—Rashi undefiled, and holy.", "You will pulverize some of it very fine,", "and place it before the [Ark of] Testimony71This incense was offered each day upon the Innermost Altar which is inside the Tent of Meeting.—Rashi", "in the Tent of Meeting,", "where I will meet with you;", "it will be to you holy of holies.”", "It is also written:", "
Shemos 30:7-8
", "And Aharon shall burn upon it [the Altar]", "incense of spices every morning;", "when he cleans the lamps", "he will burn it.", "And when Aharon lights the lamps", "in the afternoon,", "he will burn it;", "a constant incense-offering before Adonoy", "throughout your generations.", "
Maseches Kreisos 6a; Talmud Yerushalmi, Maseches Yoma 4:5
", "The Rabbis taught:", "How was the incense compounded?", "Three hundred and sixty-eight", "manim72A maneh is a weight; plural, manim. were comprised therein,", "three hundred and sixty-five", "corresponding to", "the number of days in the solar year,", "one maneh for each day—", "half in the morning", "and half in the afternoon.", "From the three remaining manim", "the Kohein Gadol brought", "two handfuls [into the Holy of Holies]", "on Yom Kippur;", "[for which purpose] they were put back", "into the mortar", "on the eve of Yom Kippur,", "and ground [again] very thoroughly,", "in order to make them very fine.", "Eleven kinds of spices were used for it.", "They were:", "1) balm, 2) onycha,", "3) galbanum, 4) frankincense—", "by weight, seventy maneh of each;", "5) myrrh, 6) cassia,", "7) spikenard and 8) saffron—", "in weight", "sixteen maneh of each;", "9) twelve maneh of costus,", "10) three of aromatic bark,", "and 11) nine of cinnamon.", "[Also used in the incense compound were:]", "Nine kabin73A kav is a sixth of a seah. of Carshina lye,", "Cyprus wine [measuring]", "three s’in and three kabin—", "if he had no Cyprus wine,", "he could use strong white wine—", "a fourth of a kab of Sodom salt,", "and a minute quantity of maaleh ashan.74This herb causes the smoke of the burning incense to ascend in a straight line.", "Rabbi Nosson of Babylonia says,", "“Jordan amber was added", "of a minute quantity,", "and if one added honey,75Included are various sweeteners such as dates and other fruits.", "it (the incense) became unfit;", "and if one omitted76The same is true if one were to add to the prescribed number of eleven spices.—Etz Yosef any of its spices", "he was liable to the death penalty.”77The death penalty was given only if the Kohein Gadol actually entered the Holy of Holies with incense which was unfit. This was considered as an unwarranted entry into the Holy of Holies which carried the death decree.—Rashi", "Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says:", "“The balm is nothing but sap", "which drips from the balsam tree.", "Why was the Carshina lye used?", "To refine the onycha", "in order to make it pleasant.", "Why was Cyprus wine used?", "The onycha was soaked in it", "to give it a pungent odor.", "Though the water of Raglayim78This water came from a well named Raglayim.—Kol Bo", "was well suited for that purpose,", "they did not bring", "the water of Raglayim into the Temple", "because it would be disrespectful.79Since Mai Raglayim (lit., water from the feet) is a euphemism for urine, it would have been disrespectful to use this water in the Temple. Others hold that the term “waters of Raglayim” actually refers to urine, which could have been used as a soaking agent were it not indecent to bring it into a sacred place.—Kol Bo", "It was taught in a Boraysa:", "Rabbi Nosson says,", "“While [the Kohein] ground [the incense]", "he would say,", "‘Hodeik heiteiv, heiteiv hodeik,’", "because the sound80Some suggest that the sound of these specific words affects the spices. is good for the spices.", "If half81184 manim instead of 368. the quantity of incense was prepared", "it was acceptable,", "but if only a third", "or a fourth [of it was prepared]", "we have not heard82I.e., we did not hear our teachers expound this question.", "[whether it was acceptable.”]", "Rabbi Yehuda said,", "“This is the general rule:", "If [it was prepared with all its ingredients]", "in the correct proportion,", "it is acceptable", "even if only half was prepared;", "but if he left out any of its spices,", "he was liable for the death penalty.", "It was taught in a Boraysa:", "Bar Kappara says,", "“Once in sixty or seventy years83The exact number of years varied with the size of the hands of the High Priests over the years, for the surplus was what remained of these three manim from which he took two handfuls each Yom Kippur.", "the accumulated surplus was sufficient", "to provide half", "[the yearly quantity of incense.”]", "Bar Kappara also taught,", "“If he would have put into it", "a minute quantity of honey,", "no one could have withstood [resisted]", "the scent.", "Why was no honey mixed with it?", "Because the Torah says, (Vayikra 2:11)", "For any leaven or honey,", "do not burn from them,", "[as] a fire-offering to Adonoy.”", "
Recite each of these verses three times:
", "Adonoy of Hosts is with us,", "a stronghold for us is the God of Yaakov,", "Selah!", "Adonoy of Hosts,", "fortunate is the man who trusts in You.", "Adonoy, deliver [us]!", "The King will answer us on the day we call.", "You are my shelter;", "from distress You preserve me;", "with glad song of rescue, You envelop me,", "Selah!", "Let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Yehudah", "and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years.", "Abbaye listed", "the order of the [daily] Altar service", "based on tradition,", "and according to the opinion of Abba Shaul:", "[the arranging on the Altar", "of the] great Pyre84This is the altar upon which the daily and other offerings were burned. This pyre was on the east side of the Altar.—Derech Chayim", "precedes the second pyre", "[from which live coals are taken]", "for the incense-offering;", "the second pyre of the incense-offering", "[is arranged] before", "the placement of two logs", "[on the large pyre85Each of these logs measured a square cubit. They were laid on to assure a sufficiently large fire.—Derech Chayim ]", "the placement of the two logs precedes", "the removal of the ashes", "from the inner Altar;", "the removal of the ashes from the inner Altar", "precedes", "the cleaning of five lamps", "[of the Menorah];86These were the five westernmost lamps of the Menorah.—Derech Chayim", "the cleaning of the five lamps precedes", "[sprinkling] the blood of the daily-offering;", "the blood of the daily-offering precedes", "the cleaning of the [remaining] two lamps;", "the cleaning of the two lamps precedes", "the incense-offering;", "the incense-offering precedes", "[burning] the limbs [of the daily-offering];", "burning the limbs", "[precedes] the meal-offering;87A meal-offering accompanied each daily burnt-offering.", "the meal-offering [precedes]", "the baking-pan-offering;88These were daily-offerings that were incumbent upon the Kohein Gadol. Half the offering was brought in the morning and the other half in the afternoon.", "the baking-pan-offerings [precede]", "the wine libations;", "the wine-libations [precede]", "the Mussaf-offering;89Mussaf offerings were brought on Shabbos, Rosh Chodesh, and on Festivals when work is totally forbidden.", "the Mussaf-offering [precedes]", "the two bowls of frankincense;90Two bowls of frankincense were placed near the shewbreads every Shabbos.", "and the two bowls of frankincense precede", "the daily afternoon-offering,", "for it is said, (Vayikra 6:5)", "“And [the Kohein] shall arrange on it", "the burnt-offering,", "and burn on it the fat of the peace-offerings.”", "Therewith complete91The Hebrew word shelamim is here interpreted to indicate completion (from the root shola¯m).—Rashi, Maseches Yoma 33a", "all the offerings [of the day.]", "
The following is the prayer of Rabbi Nechunya ben Hakanah:
", "Please, by the force of Your great right hand,", "release the bound one.", "Accept the prayer of Your people;", "strengthen us, purify us, Awesome One!", "Please! Mighty One,", "those who seek Your Unity,", "preserve them like the pupil [of Your eye].", "Bless them, purify them;", "the compassion of", "Your benevolent righteousness", "[may You] always bestow upon them.", "Mighty, Holy One,", "in Your abundant goodness,", "lead Your community.", "Unique One, Exalted, turn to Your people", "who are mindful of Your holiness.", "Accept our prayer and hear our cry,", "[You] Who knows hidden thoughts.", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.", "Master of the Worlds, You commanded us", "to bring the Daily offering", "at its appointed time;", "and have the Kohanim perform their service,", "and the Levites", "[sing and play music] on the platform,", "and the Yisraelites", "[attend] at their Ma’amad.92All of Yisrael was divided into twenty-four divisions. Representatives of each division—in rotation—spent one week at a time in Yerushalayim in attendance at the services of the daily offerings, which were offered in behalf of all Jewry. Each such group or maamad represented all the Yisraelites at the services.", "And now, because of our sins,", "the Holy Temple is destroyed,", "and the Daily offering discontinued;", "we have neither a Kohein at his service,", "nor a Levite on his platform,", "nor an Yisraelite at his Ma’amad.", "Therefore let it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God, and God of our fathers,", "that the prayer of our lips", "be considered, and accepted", "and regarded favorably before You,", "as if we had offered the Daily offering", "at its appointed time,", "and stood in attendance at its service,", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "On the Sabbath day [the offering is]:", "two male yearling lambs without blemish;", "two tenths [of an ephah] of fine flour", "for a meal-offering", "mixed with the [olive] oil, and its libation.93All libations are of wine, measured according to the animal brought as a sacrifice.", "This is the burnt-offering for every Sabbath,", "in addition to the daily burnt-offering", "and its libation.", "The following sequence of Mish-nayos and the selection from Sifra “Rabbi Yishmael Says,” were inserted after the Scriptural selections dealing with daily- offerings in order to give every Jew the opportunity to study/ recite daily, the minimum of selections from Scripture, Mishnah, and Talmud. Even though Sifra is not actually a Talmudic tractate, it is a Tanaitic expansion of Mishnah. (See Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 50:1).", "The following are Mishnahyos found in the fifth chapter of Maseches Zevachim.", "MISHNAH I", "Where are the offerings slaughtered", "[in the Holy Temple?]", "The holiest of offerings94These include all burnt-offerings, sin-offerings and guilt-offerings. are slaughtered", "on the north side [of the Altar].", "The bullock and he-goat of Yom Kippur", "are slaughtered on the north side,", "and their blood is received95The blood was received directly from the throat of the animal.", "in a sacred vessel, on the north side.", "Their blood must be thrown", "between the poles96The Kohein Gadol actually stood between the poles of the Ark and sprinkled the blood once above [on the Ark-Cover] and seven times below [the Ark Cover]. [of the Ark],", "and in front of the curtain97Separating the Holy of Holies from the Holy.", "and upon the Gold Altar;98The Gold Altar stood inside the Holy confines, whereas the Copper or Outer Altar stood in the Courtyard.", "[omission of] any one of these applications", "prevents [atonement].99Atonement was achieved only upon completion of the service of sprinkling the blood.", "The remainder of the blood [in the vessel]", "he [the Kohein] would pour", "on the western base", "of the Outer Altar;", "[but] if he did not do so,", "it did not prevent [atonement].", "MISHNAH II", "The bullocks that are burned entirely,", "and the he-goats that are burned entirely,100A bullock was brought as a burnt-offering in one of two cases:It was brought as an atonement when the entire nation sinned unknowingly as a result of an erroneous ruling by the Sanhedrin, Supreme Court; it was brought by the Kohein Gadol when he sinned unknowingly as a result of an erroneous interpretation of the law on his part.
A he-goat was brought as an atonement when the king sinned in similar circumstances, or when an entire tribe committed an idolatrous sin.", "are slaughtered on the north side,", "and their blood is received", "in a sacred vessel, on the north side;", "their blood must be thrown", "in front of the curtain101Separating the Holy of Holies from the Holy.", "and upon the Gold Altar;", "[omission of] any one of these applications", "prevents [atonement].", "The remainder of the blood [in the vessel]", "he [the Kohein] would pour", "on the western base", "of the Outer Altar;", "[but] if he did not do so,", "it did not prevent [atonement].", "These [offerings] and those102This includes the Yom Kippur offerings mentioned in Mishnah I. are burned", "at the place where the ashes were put.103The ashes removed from the Outer Altar every morning were deposited outside Yerushalayim. The sin-offerings burned there did not have to be burned by a Kohein, but could be burned by an Yisraelite.", "MISHNAH III", "The communal and individual sin-offerings—", "these are the communal sin-offerings:", "The he-goats offered on Rosh Chodesh", "and on the Festivals", "are slaughtered on the north side,", "and their blood must be received", "in a sacred vessel, on the north side;", "their blood requires four applications", "[one] on each of the four corners.104Of the Outer Altar.", "How [was this done]?", "He [the Kohein] went up", "the ramp [of the Altar]105The ramp led up to the Altar from its south side. 32 cubits long and 16 cubits wide, it provided the kohanim with access to the ledge which ran around the Altar, and upon which they were able to stand while performing their service.", "and turned to the ledge [bordering the Altar];", "he came to the southeast corner,", "the northeast corner,", "the northwest corner,", "the southwest corner.106At each of these corners, he would apply the blood.", "He poured the rest of the blood", "at the southern base [of the Altar].", "These offerings were eaten", "within the Temple Courtyard", "by the male Kohanim,", "prepared in any fashion,107It could be cooked or roasted.", "on that day and [the following] night", "until midnight.", "MISHNAH IV", "The burnt-offering", "is one of the holiest offerings.", "It is slaughtered on the north side", "and its blood is received in a sacred vessel", "on the north side;", "its blood requires two applications", "which are [like] four.108The blood was applied against the southwestern and northeastern corners of the Altar and spread along both sides of each corner so that all four sides of the Altar received the blood.", "It must be skinned, severed into parts,", "and totally consumed by the fire.109The Kohanim received no part of the meat which was burned, but they shared in the hide.", "MISHNAH V", "Communal peace-offerings110The communal peace-offering were the two lambs offered on Shavuos (Vayikra 23:20).", "and guilt-offerings.", "These are the guilt-offerings:", "the guilt-offering for robbery,111This offering was brought when a person denied and swore falsely that he had been entrusted with something for safekeeping.", "the guilt-offering", "for unauthorized use of sacred objects,", "the guilt-offering", "for violating a betrothed handmaiden,112Brought only when the handmaiden was half-slave, half-free and was betrothed to an Yisraelite servant.", "the guilt-offering of a Nazirite,113Brought by a Nazirite who had become ritually defiled by a dead body.", "the guilt-offering of a metzora,114Brought by the metzora when he was cured and declared undefiled by the Kohein.", "the guilt-offering for suspension.115Brought by a person in doubt whether an act he had committed required a sin-offering.", "These are slaughtered on the north side", "and their blood received in a sacred vessel", "on the north side;", "their blood requires two applications", "which are [like] four.116See note 108 on Mishnah IV.", "These [offerings] were eaten", "within the Courtyard", "by the male Kohanim,", "prepared for eating in any fashion117See note 107 on Mishnah III.", "on that day and [the following] night", "until midnight.", "MISHNAH VI", "The thanksgiving-offering118The thanksgiving-offering was brought when a person was released from captivity, when he recovered from a serious illness, or after traveling overseas or through wilderness.", "and the ram of the Nazirite119The ram was brought by a Nazirite at the termination of his vow.", "are of lesser sanctity.", "They are slaughtered", "anywhere in the Temple Courtyard,120These offerings did not have to be slaughtered or have their blood received on the north side of the Altar.", "and their blood requires two applications", "which are [like] four;", "they may be eaten anywhere in the city121The city of Yerushalayim.", "by anyone,122Any Yisraelite who was circumcised and ritually clean could eat of these offerings. Females were also permitted to eat of these offerings.", "and prepared for eating in any fashion,", "[and may be eaten]", "on that day and the following night", "until midnight.", "The portion given to the Kohanim,123The Kohanim received the shoulder and right shank as their portion. They also received a portion of the meal-offerings which accompanied the meat-offerings.", "has the same rule,", "but may be eaten only by the Kohanim,", "their wives, children, and slaves.124Their non-Jewish slaves were permitted to eat of these offerings. The portions of the sin-offerings were however restricted to the male Kohanim. [These slaves were circumcised and were obligated to perform mitzvos similar to those incumbent upon women.]", "MISHNAH VII", "The peace-offerings", "are [also] of lesser sanctity.", "They are slaughtered", "anywhere in the Courtyard,", "and their blood requires two applications", "which are [like] four.", "They may be eaten anywhere in the city", "by anyone,", "and prepared for eating in any fashion,", "for two days and one night.125That day, the following night and the following day.", "The portion given to the Kohanim", "has the same rule,", "but may be eaten only by the Kohanim,", "their wives, children, and slaves.", "MISHNAH VIII", "Firstborn animals, the tithe of cattle", "and the Passover-offering (Pascal lamb)", "are [also] of lesser sanctity.", "They are slaughtered", "anywhere in the Temple Courtyard,", "and their blood requires one application", "provided that it is applied", "above the base (of the Altar).126The blood was applied on the wall of the Altar which was above the base. [Not all its walls were above the base.]", "They differ in their consumption:", "The firstborn is eaten only by Kohanim,", "while the tithe may be eaten by any person.", "They may be eaten anywhere in the city,", "and prepared for eating in any fashion,", "and may be eaten for two days and one night.", "The Pascal lamb", "must be eaten only at night127The night of Passover.", "and only until midnight;", "and it may not be eaten", "except by those registered for it,", "and it may only be eaten when spit-roasted.128Never cooked, baked, rare, or raw.", "Rabbi Yishmael says:", "through thirteen methods", "the Torah is expounded:", "1) [A conclusion drawn]", "from a minor or lenient law,", "to a major or more strict one.", "2) A clarification based on identical words", "or terms in the Biblical text.", "3) A principle derived from one Biblical text", "or from two Biblical texts.", "4) A rule followed by a detail.", "5) A detail followed by a rule.", "6) A rule followed by a detail,", "which is in turn followed by a rule,", "may infer only what is similar to the detail.", "7) When a general rule requires", "an explicit rule;", "when an explicit rule requires generalization.", "8) Something included in a general rule,", "which was singled out to teach—", "was not singled out to teach about itself,", "but to teach (something new)", "concerning the rule as a whole.", "9) Something that was included in a rule", "and was singled out in a case", "similar to its rule,", "—it was singled out to lessen", "not to increase the severity of the case.", "10) Something that was included in a rule", "and was singled out in a case", "which is not similar to its rule,", "—it was singled out either to lessen", "or to increase the severity of the case.", "11) Something that was included in a rule", "and was singled out for a new stipulation—", "does not revert to its rule", "unless Scripture restores it to its rule", "expressly.", "12) A matter deduced from its context,", "or from a subsequent expression.", "13) Also, two passages that", "contradict each other", "until a third passage", "reconciles them.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days:", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years." ], "Kaddish d'Rabanan": [ "Kaddish is not the name generally given to this prayer in the Talmud. It is referred to there as “May His great Name...”, because the congregational response beginning with these words is the heart of this prayer. Only in one minor tractate, (Maseches Soferim 16, 19, and 21) is it referred to as Kaddish.", "Composed primarily in Aramaic, the language spoken and understood by most Jews in the Second Temple period (See Tosafos to Maseches Berachos 3a), nevertheless, several Hebrew phrases, which were familiar even to the unschooled, were also incorporated in the prayer.", "This particular form of Kaddish d’Rabanan, is so named because of the insertion of the paragraph which begins with the words “Upon Yisrael and upon our Sages, etc.” This Kaddish is recited following the study of Talmud or Midrash and invokes God’s blessings on the Sages of Jewry, the transmitters of the Oral Torah.", "Exalted and sanctified129These opening words refer to the fulfillment of Hashem’s prophecy, through Yechezkel (38:23) “And I will thus exalt Myself and sanctify Myself; and I will be known in the eyes of the many nations, and they will know that I am Adonoy.”—Levush, Siddur HaGra
(One should be very careful to emphasize the letter gimel (ג) when saying the word “yisgadal (יִתְגַּדַּל),” in order that it not be heard as “Yiskadal (יִתְקַּדַל),” from the word קְדָל which means neck.—Mishnah Berurah 56:2 be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom130May His sovereignty be revealed.", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future131We pray that the redemption will come speedily and that the process of the redemption itself will not be prolonged.—Siddur HaGra —", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.132This phrase, the heart of the Kaddish, is found almost verbatim in Daniel 2:20.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled133The ten expressions of praise in the Kaddish refer to the ten utterances by which Hashem created the world. (See Maseches Avos 5:1.)", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,134May Hashem be praised and exalted far beyond all the blessings, hymns and praises that are uttered.—Mishnah Berurah in the name of the Vilna Gaon 56:14.", "praises and consolations135Consolations are uttered because Hashem is in mourning over the destruction of the Holy Temple and the exile of His people.", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "Upon Yisrael, and upon our Sages,", "and upon their disciples,", "and upon all the disciples of their disciples,", "and upon all those who engage in Torah study", "in this land", "and in every land.", "May there be unto them and unto you", "abundant peace, favor, kindness,", "compassion, long life,", "ample sustenance and redemption", "from their Father", "Who is in heaven and on earth,", "—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and a good life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, in His mercy, make peace", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein." ], "Mizmor Shir": [ "Psalm 30, once used to inaugurate the Holy Temple, is used today to inaugurate our daily prayers, for the synagogue is a “Holy Temple in miniature” and our prayers take the place of the sacrifices. It is both a prayer for success and a declaration of thanksgiving.", "A Psalm,", "a song for the inauguration of the Temple,", "by Dovid.1Since it was Shlomo who built the Temple, why is its inauguration attributed to Dovid? Rashi explains: Dovid composed the song which would be sung at the inauguration later, in Shlomo’s days.", "I will exalt You, Adonoy,", "for You have upheld me,2Radak writes that the Hebrew word דִלִיתָנִי is an expression used to describe either a downtrodden or an uplifted state. The downtrodden state of the Jewish people is actually part of their uplifting says the Sfas Emes, as it is said, “when I was brought low, He delivered me” (Tehillim 116:6). “My downtrodden state was the cause of my salvation,” proclaims Dovid, just as when one lowers a bucket (דְלִי) into a well in order to bring up the water.", "and not let my foes rejoice over me.", "Adonoy, my God,", "I cried out to You, and You healed me.", "Adonoy, You have raised", "my soul from the lower world.", "You have kept me alive,", "lest I descend to the Pit.", "Sing to Adonoy, [you,] His pious ones,", "and give thanks to His Holy Name.3The literal translation of זֵכֶר קָדְשׁו is His ‘holy remembrance,’ but it refers to His Name; for the titles we bestow upon Him are our means of remembering Him.—Radak", "For His anger lasts only a moment,4A moment is a measure of time. Hashem’s anger is limited to time (be it long or short) but Hashem’s favor is unlimited.—Sfas Emes", "but there is [long] life, in His conciliation.", "In the evening, one retires weeping,", "but in the morning there is [a cry of] joy!", "I said, in my serenity,", "I would never be moved.", "[But,] Adonoy, it was Your will [alone]", "that established my mountain", "as a stronghold.", "When You concealed Your Presence,", "I was terrified.", "To You, Adonoy, I called,", "and my Master I beseeched.", "What gain is there", "in [the shedding of] my blood?", "In my going down to destruction?", "Will the dust acknowledge You?", "Will it proclaim Your truth?", "Hear [me] Adonoy, and be gracious to me,", "Adonoy, be a help to me.", "You have turned my mourning into dancing,", "You have loosened my sackcloth", "and supported me with joy.", "In order that my soul5The literal translation of כָבוד is glory. Rabbi Yerucham Levovitz explained that the soul is called כָבוד because its only function is to give glory to Hashem. might sing to You", "and not be stilled,", "Adonoy, my God, forever will I thank You." ], "Mourner's Kaddish": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Pesukei Dezimrah": [ "The following sequence of prayers until Yishtabach (p. 94) is called Pesukei Dezimrah (verses of praise). These selected Scriptural passages were arranged by the Gaonim of the ninth century, in fulfillment of the Talmudic statement (Maseches Berachos 32a), “A person should always praise God first and make his requests [offer his prayers] afterwards.” Beginning with Baruch She’amar (p. 80), it is forbidden to interrupt your prayer with conversation until after the Shemoneh Esreh.", "You are permitted to answer Amein, respond to Barechu, Kaddish and to say Kedushah even though you have passed Baruch She’amar. You are also permitted to say Modim d’Rabbonon and the first verse of the Shema together with the congregation.", "If you are concerned that the saying of Kerias Shema will not be within the proper time should you follow the regular order of prayers, you are permitted to recite the entire Kerias Shema during the Pesukei Dezimrah." ], "Baruch She'amar": [ "This blessing introduces the Pesukei Dezimrah. It was mentioned by Rabbi Yitzchak Alfasi (Rif) over 800 years ago in his commentary to Maseches Berachos 32. The Taz (Orach Chaim 51:1) states that this prayer was instituted by the “Men of the Great Assembly.” The blessing contains eighty-seven words suggesting the numerical value of פָּז poz, refined gold.", "", "Blessed is He Who spoke,", "and the world came into being,", "blessed is He;", "blessed is He Who maintains the creation;", "blessed is He Who says and does;6Hashem’s saying and doing are synonymous and simultaneous as it is said, “By the word of Hashem the heavens were made” (Tehillim 33:6).—Etz Yosef", "blessed is He Who decrees and fulfills;7“Says and does” refers to those things that are not lasting and must be renewed whereas, “He decrees and fulfills,” refers to those things that have קִיוּם, and last forever.—Tzelosa d’Avraham", "blessed is He Who has compassion", "on the earth;", "blessed is He Who has compassion", "on the creatures;8Not only is Hashem’s compassionate providence concerned with the earth and enduring things, but His compassion and providence extend even to those creatures which are destined to perish.—Avudraham", "blessed is He Who rewards well", "those who fear Him,", "blessed is He Who lives forever", "and exists eternally;", "blessed is He Who redeems and saves9Hashem redeems those who are in captivity and saves others from being taken in captivity.", "blessed is His Name.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "the Almighty, the merciful Father,", "Who is verbally extolled by His people,", "praised and glorified", "by the tongue of His pious ones,", "and His servants,", "and through the songs of Dovid Your servant,", "we will extoll You, Adonoy our God,", "with praises and psalms;", "we will exalt, praise, and glorify You;", "we will mention Your Name,", "and proclaim You", "our King, our God.", "Unique One, Life of the worlds, King,", "praised and glorified forever", "is His great Name.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King, Who is extolled with praises." ], "Hodu": [ "The first 28 verses of this section are taken from 1 Chronicles 16:8-36, and the first 15 are almost identical with the first fifteen verses of Psalms 105. These prayers are mentioned in Maseches Soferim.", "Give thanks to Adonoy, proclaim His Name;", "make His deeds10Make His Divine attributes (mercy, kindness, etc.) known to the world.—Siach Yitzchak known among the nations.", "Sing to Him, compose songs to Him,", "speak of all His wonders.", "Take pride11The Jew should be proud at being found worthy to utter Hashem’s Name.—Siddur HaGra in [uttering] His Holy Name,", "let the heart rejoice", "of those who seek12Seeking Hashem is an end in itself and provides joy to those who earnestly seek Him.—Siach Yitzchak Adonoy.", "Search for Adonoy and His might,", "seek His presence continually.", "Remember the wonders He has performed,", "His miracles,13His “miracles” were witnessed by Jew and Egyptian alike in Egypt. His “laws” are the Torah He gave us at Mt. Sinai.—Iyun Tefillah and the laws from His mouth.", "[You,] the seed of Yisrael14The entire section—the previous verses as well as the following verses—are addressed to the Jewish People, who are the seed of Yisrael, the chosen of Hashem, who are asked to remember His wonders, miracles and laws.—Tzelosa d’Avraham His servant,", "children of Yaakov, His chosen ones.", "He is Adonoy our God;", "the entire earth is governed by His laws.", "Remember His covenant forever—", "the word He commanded", "to a thousand generations—", "which He made as a treaty with Avraham,", "and [which was] His oath to Yitzchak.", "He established it for Yaakov as a statute,", "for Yisrael as an everlasting covenant.15This verse in following the preceding verse indicates that the original covenant which Hashem made with Avraham was later confirmed to Yitzchak in an oath and then established for Yaakov as a statute. After Yaakov was given the name Yisrael, it became an everlasting covenant.—Tzelosa d’Avraham", "Saying,", "“To you I will give the Land of Canaan,", "the portion of your inheritance.”", "When you were only few in number—", "very few, and strangers in it.", "They wandered from nation to nation,", "and from one kingdom to another people.", "He permitted no one to oppress them,", "and admonished kings16Both Pharaoh and Avimelech were admonished for Avraham’s sake (Bereishis 13:17; 20:3,7). for their sake.", "“Do not touch My anointed ones,17The Hebrew word מְשִׁיחָי can also be translated as “My great ones” and as such refers to the Patriarchs. “My prophets” refers to the Matriarchs, who were known to be prophets. Both were afforded extraordinary Divine protection.—Etz Yosef", "and do not harm My prophets.”", "Sing to Adonoy all the earth,18Siach Yitzchak maintains that this verse directs Jewry to sing to Hashem in all the lands in which they are dispersed during their exile. Tzelosa d’Avraham understands the verse to direct all the nations of the earth to sing to Hashem.", "proclaim His deliverance from day to day.19a) We are to proclaim our deliverance by Hashem every day; b) We are to proclaim that our deliverance by Hashem is a daily experience.—Tzelosa d’Avraham", "Recount His glory among the nations,", "His wonders among all the peoples.", "For Adonoy is great and most extolled;", "Awesome is He above all gods.", "For all the gods of the peoples are idols,", "whereas Adonoy made the heavens.", "Beauty and splendor are before Him,20The word הוד (beauty) indicates that which is itself beautiful, while הָדָר (splendor) is the reflection of beauty. For example: the sun’s light is “beauty” itself while the moon’s light is splendor—a reflection of the sun. (This definition applies only to the Hebrew terms.)—Siddur HaGra", "strength and joy are in His presence.", "Give to Adonoy families of peoples—", "give to Adonoy glory and might.", "Give to Adonoy the glory due His Name,", "bring an offering and come before Him,", "prostrate yourselves before Adonoy", "in the splendor of holiness.21Etz Yosef understands this as the “holy splendor” of Hashem’s Sanctuary. Tzelosa d’Avraham sees it as the splendor and joy of worship before Hashem, as contrasted with secular, frivolous manifestations of beauty and splendor.", "Tremble before Him all [peoples of] the earth,", "for He established the inhabited world", "so that it cannot be moved.", "The heavens will rejoice,", "the earth will exult,22Simcha (rejoicing) describes one’s feelings at a new experience of happiness, whereas gila (exultation) describes the feeling one experiences over an ongoing situation of joy. Since there is nothing new on the earth וְאֵין כָּל־חָדָשׁ תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ (Koheles 1:9), it is said the earth will exult (gila); but the heavens will rejoice (simcha) because there is חִידוּשׁ in the heavens.—Gaon of Vilna", "and they will proclaim among the nations:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign.”", "The sea and its fullness will roar;", "the field and all that is in it will jubilate.", "Then the trees of the forest will sing with joy,", "[receding] before Adonoy", "when He comes to judge the earth.", "Give thanks to Adonoy, for He is good,", "for His kindness is everlasting.", "And say, “Deliver us, God of our deliverance;", "gather us and save us from the nations,", "to give thanks to Your Holy Name,", "to be extolled in Your praise.”23The fact that we are privileged to sing Your praises and cling to You will make us praiseworthy.—Etz Yosef", "Blessed is Adonoy, the God of Yisrael", "for all eternity,", "and all the people said: “Amein”", "and [they] praised Adonoy.”", "Exalt Adonoy, our God,", "and prostrate yourselves", "at His footstool.24The Holy Temple.", "Holy is He!25Or Holy is it—i.e., the Temple.", "Exalt Adonoy, our God,", "and prostrate yourselves", "at His holy mountain,26Mount Moriah upon which the Holy Temple was built is holy itself even when the Temple is destroyed. The previous verse refers to the time of the Temple, the second verse refers to the period of its destruction.—Etz Yosef", "for Adonoy our God is holy.", "And He, the Merciful One,", "atones iniquity and does not destroy;", "He frequently withdraws His anger", "and does not arouse all His rage.", "You, Adonoy,", "withhold not Your mercy from me;", "may Your kindness and Your truth27חֶסֶד (kindness) is the good Hashem bestows without a promise, whereas אֱמֶת (truth) is the fulfillment of His promise.—Siach Yitzchak", "always protect me.", "Remember Your mercies Adonoy", "and kindnesses,", "for", "they are from the beginning of the world.28Hashem’s mercies to mankind started from the very day that Adam was created. Hashem created the world in order to fill it with kindness as it is said: “A world of kindness was built” (Tehillim 89:3).—Rashi", "Give might to God,29Attribute your victories to Hashem’s might rather than to your own.—Siach Yitzchak. Rashbam and others hold that since Hashem’s actions are a reflection of Yisrael’s deeds, the latter are, in a sense, the source of His might. Thus when Yisrael follows the wishes of Hashem, they give might to Him.", "His pride (majesty) hovers over Yisrael,", "and His might is in the clouds.", "You are awesome, God,", "from Your Sanctuaries,30There is a spiritual Temple in the heavens which corresponds to the Temple on earth.—Radak. The Talmud (Maseches Zevachim 115b) notes that the word מִמִּקְדָּשֶׁיךָ may also be read מִמְקוּדָשֶׁיךָ, from Your holy people, indicating that Hashem is especially demanding of the most adherent to the Torah. When this occurs, the world is filled with awe and fear of Hashem.", "Almighty of Yisrael—", "He grants might and power to the people;", "blessed is God.", "Almighty of vengeance, Adonoy,", "Almighty of vengeance, reveal Yourself.31These two verses (94:1-2) are an appeal to Hashem during a time fraught with the sufferings of exile, when it seems as if Hashem has forsaken His people. He is urged to reveal Himself as the Mighty champion of justice—S.R. Hirsch", "Arise, Judge of the earth!", "Repay the arrogant their just reward.", "Deliverance is Adonoy’s.32Only Hashem knows what is true deliverance for a person. Prayer is not always answered, because Hashem in His infinite wisdom knows that granting the request is not always for our benefit. We must therefore bless and offer thanks to Hashem regardless of whether our petition has been granted.—Siach Yitzchak", "Upon Your people is Your blessing. Selah.", "Adonoy of Hosts is with us,", "a stronghold for us is the God of Yaakov. Selah.", "Adonoy of Hosts!", "Fortunate is the man who trusts in You.", "Adonoy, deliver [us].", "The King will answer us on the day we call.", "Deliver Your people", "and bless Your inheritance,", "tend them and uplift them forever.33Radak understands Dovid to be asking Hashem to raise the People of Yisrael above their enemies. Ibn Ezra says that Hashem is being asked to act like a shepherd who brings his flock to high ground to save them from beasts of prey.", "Our soul yearned for Adonoy,", "our help and our shield is He.", "For in Him our hearts will rejoice,", "for in His Holy Name we trusted.", "May Your kindness, Adonoy, be upon us,", "as we have waited for You.", "Show us Your kindness, Adonoy,", "and grant34We hope to earn redemption through our deeds, but if we are found wanting, then “show us Your kindness”—overlook our deficiencies and “grant” us salvation.—Radak us Your deliverance.", "Arise—come to our aid,", "and redeem us for the sake of Your kindness.", "I am Adonoy, Your God,", "Who brought you up", "from the land of Mitzrayim;", "open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.35Request all that you desire and I will fulfill every request.—Ibn Ezra. The Yerushalayim Talmud (Maseches Taanis 3:6) indicates that the more one requests Hashem’s providence—the “wider he opens his mouth”—the more he shows his belief in Hashem’s ability to provide all of man’s needs.", "Fortunate is the people whose lot is thus,", "fortunate is the people", "for whom Adonoy is their God.", "In Your loving kindness I trust,", "My heart will exult in Your deliverance;", "I will sing to Adonoy,", "for He dealt kindly with me.36The foremost level of man’s trust in Hashem is manifested in three situations: a)when he is confronted with trouble, b)when he seeks help, and c)after he has been helped. The Psalmist says: In my time of trouble, I trust in Your kindliness; I seek only Your help, for my heart exults in Your salvation; and I will sing to You afterwards for You have dealt kindly with me.—Siddur HaGra", "In this psalm, (19) Dovid sings the praises of the Torah. The Kuzari notes that even though the skies “proclaim God’s glory” and the Psalmist describes the sun so glowingly, Dovid nevertheless concludes that in comparison to the Torah they are insignificant.", "To the Chief Musician,", "a Psalm of Dovid.", "The skies recount the glory of the Almighty,", "and His handiwork", "is related by the firmament.37שָׁמַיִם, skies, refers to the heavenly regions beyond earth’s atmosphere, where the stars and planets orbit. רָקִיעַ, firmament, refers to the earth’s atmosphere where clouds form, and precipitation takes place. The verb לְסַפֵּר means to recount something which occurred in the past. Thus the stars and planets in the שָׁמַיִם recount the fact that long ago Hashem created a glorious universe. The רָקִיעַ, on the other hand, relates that Hashem’s handiwork is evidenced in the constant formation of clouds and in the precipitation of rain. The firmament enables man to recognize the constant renewal of Hashem’s providence.—Malbim", "Day to day makes speech flow,38Daily renewal of the activities of creation, beginning with sunrise, stir mankind to proclaim Hashem’s praises.—Rashi", "and night to night expresses wisdom.39Night after night the sun sets beneath the horizon only to rise and set again the following day. This unchanging pattern is evidence of the Divine wisdom implanted in Hashem’s creation.—Rashi", "There is no speech, and there are no words;", "their voice is never heard.40Though the heavens have no means of verbal communication, the soul of man, with its sensitivity and perception, can understand their message clearly.—Ibn Ezra", "Throughout the earth, their line extends,", "and to the edge of the inhabited world", "their words,", "He has set a tent in their midst for the sun.41Hashem provided the sun a permanent residence in the heavens. Dovid describes this point to which the sun returns daily as its ‘tent’—its residence in the sky.—Metsudas Yehoshua", "And it [the sun] is like a groom", "departing his bridal chamber,42When the groom steps out of the bridal chamber, everyone rushes to greet him with great joy. Analogously, when the sun rises each day, all of creation rejoices.—Radak", "happy as a warrior to run on course.43A warrior is happy for the opportunity to go into battle because he has confidence in his skill and strength. Similarly, the sun rejoices knowing it will serve its Creator’s goals by running its course.—Metsudas Dovid.", "From one end of the skies is its rising", "and its circuit is to their [other] end;", "there is no escaping its heat.", "The Torah of Adonoy, is perfect,", "restoring the soul;", "the testimony of Adonoy, is trustworthy,", "making wise the simple [man].", "The precepts of Adonoy, are upright,", "rejoicing the heart;", "the commandment of Adonoy, is lucid,", "enlightening the eyes.44Every command of Hashem is flawless, lighting the way for those who walk in His way. Those who ignore His commands stumble in darkness.—Radak", "The fear of Adonoy, is pure,", "it endures forever;", "the judgments of Adonoy, are true,", "they are righteous in unison.45They are all in total harmony. There is no contradiction between them.—Ibn Ezra", "More desirable than gold,", "even more than quantities of fine gold;46פָּז is the purest form of refined gold.", "and sweeter than honey,", "or the drippings of honeycombs.", "Even Your servant is careful of them,", "since they guard47Because the Divine reward is contingent on fulfilling Hashem’s commands, they are ‘guardians’ of that reward.—Metsudas Yehoshua great reward.", "Errors—who can comprehend?", "From hidden [faults], cleanse me.", "Also from willful [sins]", "spare Your servant,", "let them not rule me,48Dovid’s request is paraphrased in the concluding blessing of the בִּרְכוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, where we say וְאַל יִשְׁלֹט בָּנוּ יֵצֶר הָרַע, “Let us not be ruled by the Evil Inclination.” Dovid knows full well that Hashem does not interfere with man’s free choise; he only asks for Divine help to keep him from becoming a prisoner of evil.—Gaon of Vilna", "then I will be strong", "and will be cleansed of gross transgression.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "This psalm (34) is based entirely on an event that took place in Dovid’s personal life as related in 1 Shmuel 21:11-16. Forced to flee from Saul, he took refuge among the Philistines, where he was recognized as the slayer of Goliath. In order to escape death at the hands of his foes, Dovid pretended to be an imbecile, and was sent away unharmed by King Avimelech.", "Of Dovid,", "When he acted insane", "in the presence of Avimelech", "and he [Avimelech] drove him away,", "and he [Dovid] left.", "I will bless Adonoy at all times", "constantly is His praise in my mouth.", "In Adonoy does my soul take pride,49Dovid is proud that he is worthy of uttering Hashem’s Name.", "the humble will hear [this] and rejoice.", "Declare the greatness of Adonoy with me,", "and let us exalt His Name together.", "I sought Adonoy and He responded to me;", "and from all my fears He saved me.", "[Those who] look to Him are enlightened", "and their faces", "are never darkened [humiliated].", "This poor man50Dovid describes himself as a helpless indigent waiting for Hashem’s compassion.—Radak called and Adonoy heard;", "and from all his troubles, He delivered him.", "The angel of Adonoy encamps", "around those who fear Him", "and sets them free.", "Taste and see that Adonoy is good;51Seporno says that taste refers to the senses whereas “see” refers to the intellect.", "fortunate is the man", "who takes refuge in Him.", "Fear Adonoy, [you] His holy ones,", "for there is no deprivation", "for those who fear Him.", "Young lions feel want and hunger,", "but those who seek Adonoy", "will not lack any good thing.", "Come children, listen to me,", "fear of Adonoy will I teach you.", "Who is the man who desires life,52Dovid does not say הֶחָפֵץ בַּחַיִּים ‘he who takes pleasure in life’ but הֶחָפֵץ חַיִּים, ‘he who desires life,’ whose only goal is life; that is, he desires to attain such a level of existence as can truly be called life.—S.R. Hirsch", "and loves days that he may see good?", "Guard your tongue from evil,", "and your lips from speaking deceitfully.", "Turn from evil and do good,", "seek peace and pursue it.", "The eyes of Adonoy are toward the righteous,", "and His ears [are open] to their cry.", "The face53The expression פְּנֵי ה', Face of Hashem, describes Divine anger. See Vayikra 20:5, וְשַׂמְתִּי אֲנִי אֶת פָּנַי בָּאִישׁ הַהוּא, “And I will set My Face against that man.” of Adonoy is set against evildoers", "to excise from earth, their memory.", "They54They refers to the righteous ones (Rashi) and to the repentant sinners (Ibn Ezra). cry out and Adonoy hears", "and from all their troubles, He saves them.", "Adonoy is close to the broken-hearted", "and those crushed in spirit, He delivers.", "Many evils befall a righteous man,", "and from all of them, Adonoy saves him.", "He preserves all his bones,", "not one of them is broken.", "The cause of death of the wicked is evil;", "and the haters of the righteous are doomed.", "Adonoy liberates the soul of His servants,", "and none are doomed", "who take refuge in Him.", "According to our Sages, Psalms 90 through 101, were said by Moshe. According to Radak, Dovid actually found this psalm in its written form and knowing it to be the prayer of Moshe, included it in his book of psalms. It speaks of the frailty of man and the brevity of his life and asks for God’s compassion and favor despite his wrongdoings.", "A prayer of Moshe, the man of God:", "My Master", "a dwelling[-place] have You been for us", "in every generation.", "Before the mountains were born,", "and You brought forth the earth", "and the inhabited world;", "from world to world55From before this world to the next world You are Almighty.", "You are Almighty.", "You push man down", "until the crushing point56You permit the sinner to return in penitence even till the very last moment of his life.—Iyun Tefiloh", "and You say,", "“Return, children of man!”57You constantly call the sinner to return, reminding him of the brevity of his life.—Iyun Tefiloh", "For a thousand years are in Your eyes", "like the yesterday that has just passed,", "and like a night watch.", "The stream of their life is [but] slumber,", "in the morning", "they are as grass, freshly grown.", "[If] in the morning it blossoms,", "and grows afresh", "by evening it is cut off and shriveled.", "So are we consumed by Your anger", "and by Your rage are we terrified.", "You have set our iniquities before You,", "the sins of our youth58Others translate ‘our hidden sins [are exposed]’ see Metsudas Dovid", "before the light of Your countenance.", "For all our days", "vanish in Your wrath;", "we terminate our years", "like an unspoken word.", "The days of our years in them59‘In them’ refers to the iniquities and the youth mentioned in the two preceding verses. —Rashi", "[total] seventy years,", "and with strength, eighty years,", "and their pride is frustration and falsehood;", "for, cut off quickly, we fly away.60Not only is the span of our lives brief, but our few allotted years fly by swiftly.—Iyun Tefiloh", "Who can [get to] know", "the force of Your anger?", "And like the fear of You so is Your wrath.61Just as Hashem is feared, so too is His wrath harsh when He punishes sinners.—Rashi", "To count our days, teach us", "and we will acquire a heart of wisdom.", "Turn Adonoy—how long?62Turn away from Your wrath! How much longer will You make us suffer?—Targum", "And change Your mind about Your servants.", "Satisfy us in the morning63The Sages say that the morning refers to the time of our redemption after the long, black nights of exile.", "with Your kindliness,", "and we will sing and rejoice", "throughout our days.64If You show us kindliness in the morning of our youth, showing us the way of righteousness; we will rejoice and sing in our old age.", "Make us rejoice65Make us rejoice in the era of the Moshiach for as long as we suffered in exile.", "like the days You afflicted us,", "the years [when] we saw evil.", "Let be revealed to Your servants,", "Your deeds", "and Your splendor be upon their children.", "May the pleasantness of my Master our God", "be upon us,66In this closing verse, Moshe prays that the Divine Presence rest on the Jewish nation exclusively.", "and the work of our hands established for us,", "and the work of our hands—establish it.", "This Psalm, (91) composed by Moshe on the day the Tabernacle was completed, is a source of inspiration to all who seek the Almighty as their refuge and fortress.", "He who dwells", "in the shelter of the Supreme One,", "under the protection of Shadai he will abide.", "I say of Adonoy,", "[He is] my refuge and my stronghold,", "my God in Whom I trust.", "For He will save you from the snare-trap,", "from destructive pestilence.", "With His wings He will cover you", "and beneath His wings, you will find refuge;", "His truth is a shield, a full shield.", "You will not fear the terror of night,", "nor the arrow that flies by day.", "The pestilence that prowls in darkness,", "nor the deadly plague that ravages at noon.", "A thousand will fall at your [left] side,", "and ten thousand at your [right] side", "but it67‘It’ refers to ‘arrow,’ pestilence,’ and ‘plague’ mentioned in the preceding two verse. shall not come near you.", "Only68You will only see the destruction but you will not be harmed by it. with your eyes will you behold", "and see the punishment of the wicked.", "For you [have proclaimed]:", "“Adonoy is my refuge,”", "the Supreme One", "you have made your dwelling.", "No evil shall befall you,", "and no plague shall come near your tent.", "For His angels", "He will command on your behalf—", "to guard you in all your ways.", "They will carry you upon their hands,", "lest you hurt your foot on a rock.", "You will tread upon lion and snake,", "you will trample young lion and serpent.", "Because he clings to Me with desire,", "I will save him;", "I will strengthen him,", "for he knows My Name.", "When he calls upon Me, I will answer him;", "I am with him in distress,", "I will free him and honor him.", "I will satiate him with longevity,", "and will let him see My deliverance.", "I will satiate him with longevity,", "and will let him see My deliverance.", "In this psalm, (135) Dovid praises God for choosing the people of Israel as His treasured people. He also speaks of those who will ultimately be worthy of serving Him, in the rebuilt House of God, in the Messianic era.", "Praise God,", "Praise the Name of Adonoy,", "Praise [Him], servants of Adonoy.", "[You] who stand in the House of Adonoy,", "in the courtyards of the House of our God.", "Praise God, for Adonoy is good,", "sing to His Name which is pleasant.", "For God chose Yaakov to be His,", "Yisrael for His treasure.", "For I know", "that Adonoy is great,", "our Master [is greater] than all gods.", "All that was desired by Adonoy,", "He has done in heaven and on earth,", "in the seas and all the depths.", "He causes clouds to rise", "from the ends of the earth;", "lightning for the rain He makes;", "He brings forth winds from His vaults.", "He struck down the firstborn of Mitzrayim", "both man and beast.", "He sent signs and wonders", "into the midst of Mitzrayim,", "upon Pharaoh and upon all his servants.", "For He smote many nations,", "and slew mighty kings:", "Sichon, King of the Amorites,", "and Og, King of the Bashan,", "and all the kingdoms of Canaan.", "And He gave their lands as an inheritance,", "an inheritance to Yisrael, His people.", "Adonoy is Your Name forever,", "Adonoy is Your mention for generations.", "For Adonoy judges His people,69According to Seporno, the verse is translated, ‘When Adonoy judges on behalf of His people,’ referring to the judgement of all who oppressed the Jewish people.", "and upon His servants will He relent.", "The idols70עֲצַבֵּי is related to עֶצֶב which means ‘sadness’ or ‘grief.’ Idols bring only grief to those who depend on them.—Radak of the nations,", "are of silver and gold,", "products of human hands:", "They have a mouth but do not speak;", "they have eyes but do not see.", "They have ears but do not listen;", "nor is there any breath in their mouth.", "Like them let their makers be—", "all who trust in them.", "House of Yisrael, bless Adonoy!71The entire house of Yisrael is urged to bless Hashem Who set us apart from the other nations and made us His people. Yisrael is told to bless Hashem for its own unique position and manner of serving Him.— Ibn Ezra", "House of Aharon, bless Adonoy!", "House of Levi, bless Adonoy!", "[You] who fear Adonoy,72This refers to those among the nations who converted to Judaism because of their fear and recognition of Hashem. bless Adonoy!", "Blessed is Adonoy from Tziyon,", "He Who dwells in Yerushalayim.", "Praise God.", "The Talmud (Pesachim 118a) calls this psalm (136) הַלֵל הַגָדוֹל, the great praise, because it describes how God, enthroned on high, sustains every living creature. The first twenty-four verses call on us to thank God, the Master of the Universe, Who created it, redeemed us from Mitzrayim, caused us to inherit the lands of Sichon and Og, and delivered us from our enemies. The twenty-fifth verse, נוֹתֵן לֶחֶם לְכָל בָּשָׂר, He gives food to all flesh, is viewed as the climax of the entire psalm. Feeding every creature, day in and day out, is the greatest manifestation of God’s provident kindliness. Though He rules in supreme splendor, God is close to the needs of every creature.", "Thank Adonoy for He is good,", "for His kindliness endures forever.73This refrain is repeated in all twenty-six verses of the Psalm. We thereby declare that each act of kindliness for which we thank Hashem is not of a temporary nature, lasting merely a day or a year. The effect of His kindliness endures forever, and we continually reap the benefits of every act of Divine kindliness.—Sfas Emes", "Thank the God of gods,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "Thank the Master of masters,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who does great wonders, alone,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who makes the heavens,", "with understanding,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who spreads the earth over the waters,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who makes the great luminaries,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "The sun to rule by day,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "The moon and stars", "to rule by night,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who struck Mitzrayim", "through their firstborn,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He brought Yisrael out of their midst,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "With a strong hand and outstretched arm,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who parted the Sea of Reeds into parts,74The sea was divided into twelve parts, so that each tribe crossed on its own route.", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And He made Yisrael pass through it", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And He threw Pharaoh and his army", "into the Sea of Reeds,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who led His people", "through the wilderness", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He Who struck great kings,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And He slew mighty kings,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "Sichon, king of the Amorites,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And Og, king of the Bashan,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And gave their land as an inheritance,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "An inheritance to Yisrael, His servant,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "In our lowliness, He remembered us,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "And He freed us from our oppressors,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "He gives food to all flesh,", "for His kindliness endures forever.", "Thank the Almighty of heaven", "for His kindliness endures forever.75The twenty six verses in this psalm symbolize the twenty six generations of man from Creation till the Torah was given. These generations were sustained solely by virtue of Hashem’s kindliness even though they did not have the merit of Torah.", "In this psalm, (33) Dovid expresses the joy of the righteous in the Divine Providence of God in every aspect of the world and in the affairs of man. For the righteous see the “laws of nature” only as an external cloak, concealing the true supervision of God. They see through the laws of nature and perceive the Divine order and providence of the Creator.", "Joyfully exult in Adonoy—righteous ones—", "for the upright, praise is fitting.", "Thank Adonoy with the harp,", "with the ten-stringed lyre sing to Him.", "Sing Him a new song,", "play skillfully with jubilation.", "For upright is the word of Adonoy", "and all His deeds [are done] with faithfulness.", "He loves righteousness and justice", "the kindliness of Adonoy fills the earth.", "By the word of God, the heavens were made,", "and by the breath of His mouth,", "all their hosts.", "He gathers like a mound", "the waters of the sea,", "He places in vaults the deep waters.", "Fear Adonoy, all the earth,", "of Him, be in dread", "all dwellers of the inhabited world.", "For He spoke and it became;", "He commanded and it stood.", "Adonoy annuls the counsel of nations,", "He disrupts the intention of peoples.", "The counsel of Adonoy will stand forever,", "the thoughts of His heart", "throughout all generations.", "Fortunate is the nation", "for whom Adonoy is their God,", "the people He chose as His heritage.", "From the heavens, Adonoy looks [down],", "He sees all mankind.", "From His dwelling place,", "He watches intently", "all the inhabitants of the earth.", "He forms their hearts all together;76The Talmud (Sanhedrin 37a) states: When a man mints many coins from the same mold, they are all exactly alike, but Hashem formed all of mankind from Adam and no two men look exactly alike. The Sages in Berachos 58a add: just as no two faces are alike, so are no two personalities alike. Thus even though Hashem made them all together, each has his own unique personality.", "He perceives all their doings.", "A king is not saved by a great army;", "a mighty man is not rescued", "with [his] great strength.", "A horse is deceptive [assurance]", "for deliverance,", "and with its great strength", "it provides no escape.", "Behold, the eye of Adonoy", "is on those who fear Him,", "on those who wait for His kindliness.", "To rescue their soul from death,", "and to keep them alive during famine.", "Our soul yearned for Adonoy,", "our help and our shield is He.", "For in Him our heart will rejoice,", "for in His Holy Name we trust,", "May Your kindliness, Adonoy, be upon us,", "as we have waited for You.", "A Psalm, a song for the Shabbos day.", "It is good to thank77Shabbos, more than other days, lends itself to offering praise and thanksgiving to Hashem. When man rests from his physical labor and is relieved of material concerns, his soul is free to pursue the intellectual and spiritual aspects of life. These pursuits lead him to serve Hashem and to praise Him.—Radak Adonoy,", "and sing praise to Your Name, Most High.", "To relate Your kindliness in the morning,", "and Your faithfulness in the nights.78We will proclaim His kindliness in the morning of redemption. And while yet in the darkness of exile we proclaim our belief in His faithfulness.—Rashi", "Upon a ten-stringed instrument and lute,", "in meditation upon the harp.", "For You have given me joy, Adonoy,", "with Your deeds,", "at the work of Your hands79The Shabbos day of rest affords me the opportunity to observe and appreciate the greatness of Your work.—Radak I sing joyously.", "How great are Your works, Adonoy;", "how infinitely profound are Your thoughts.80Hashem’s ‘works’ are the visible creation, while His ‘thoughts’ are the Divine purpose behind each created thing.—Seporno", "An empty-headed man cannot know,", "nor does a fool understand this:", "When the wicked bloom like grass,", "and all the evildoers blossom—", "it is so that they may be destroyed forever.", "But You will remain on high forever, Adonoy.", "For behold, Your enemies, Adonoy;", "For behold, Your enemies shall perish;", "dispersed shall be all evildoers.", "You uplifted my horn81Others translate, ‘You have increased my might like that of the wild ram.’ like that of a unicorn;", "I am saturated with fresh oil.", "My eye has seen [the defeat of]", "those who spy on me;", "of the wicked who rise against me,", "my ears have heard [that they are doomed].", "The righteous will blossom like a date palm,", "like a cedar82The palm and the cedar both enjoy a long life span and flourish during all seasons. Thus they symbolize the lasting happiness of the righteous in contrast to the short prosperity of the wicked. in Lebanon, he will grow tall.", "Planted in the House of Adonoy,", "in the courtyards of our God", "they will blossom.", "They will still be fruitful in old age;", "they will be full of sap and freshness.", "To declare that Adonoy is upright;", "He is my Stronghold;", "in Whom there is no injustice.", "Adonoy had begun His reign", "He has clothed Himself with majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.", "Your throne stands firm from of old,", "You are from eternity.", "The rivers have raised—Adonoy—", "the rivers have raised their voice,", "the rivers raise their raging waves.", "More than the sound of many waters,", "mightier than the breakers of the sea", "Mighty on high, are You, Adonoy.", "Your testimonies are extremely faithful,", "holiness is becoming to Your House,", "Adonoy—for the length of days." ], "Yehi Kevod": [ "This prayer, mentioned in Maseches Sof’rim 17:11 is a collection of 18 verses from Psalms, Chronicles, and Proverbs, in which the Divine Name (הויה) is mentioned 18 times. Great care should be taken to pronounce the “Name” with the utmost concentration, keeping in mind that He is the Supreme Master of all that exists.", "The glory of Adonoy will endure forever;", "Adonoy will rejoice in His works.83Tehillim 104:31.", "The Name of Adonoy will be blessed", "from now forever.", "From the rising of the sun to its setting,", "praised is the Name of Adonoy.", "High above all nations is Adonoy,", "above the heavens is His glory.84Tehillim 113:24.", "Adonoy, Your Name85Hashem’s “Name” is the name spelled Yud-Hey-Vuv-Hey. is forever,", "Adonoy, Your Mention86Hashem’s “mention” is the name spelled Alef-Daled-Nun-Yud. In this world Hashem’s Name is only written as Y-H-V-H but is pronounced Adonoy. In the future world, however, Hashem’s Name will be pronounced as it is written. Thus the Psalmist means: “Your Name is eternal, but Your mention is solely from generation to generation.—Siach Yitzchak is for generations.87Tehillim 135:13. ", "Adonoy has established His throne in heaven,", "[but] His dominion rules over all.88Tehillim 103:19. ", "The heavens will rejoice, the earth will exult,", "and they will proclaim among the nations:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign.89Divrei Hayamim I 16:31. ", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King;", "Adonoy will be King forever and ever.”", "Adonoy will reign for all eternity", "[when] nations have perished from His earth.90Tehillim 10:16.", "Adonoy annuls the counsel of nations,", "He disrupts the intention of peoples.91Tehillim 33:10. ", "Many thoughts are in the heart of man,", "but [only] Adonoy’s counsel will endure.92Mishlei 19:21.", "The counsel of Adonoy will stand forever,", "the thoughts of His heart", "throughout all generations.93Tehillim 33:11. ", "For He spoke and it came to be;", "He commanded and it stood.94Tehillim 33:9. ", "For Adonoy has chosen Tziyon;", "He desired it for His dwelling place.95Tehillim 132:13. ", "For God chose Yaakov to be His,", "Yisrael for His treasure.96Tehillim 135:4. ", "For Adonoy will not cast off His people,", "and His inheritance, He will not abandon.97Tehillim 94:13. ", "And He, the Merciful One,", "atones iniquity; and does not destroy.", "He frequently withdraws His anger", "and does not arouse all His rage.98Tehillim 78:38. ", "Adonoy, deliver [us!]", "The King will answer us on the day we call.99Tehillim 20:10.", "Rav S.R. Hirsch writes that the six concluding chapters of the Book of Psalms are the most important gift of Dovid’s Divinely-inspired hymns. They are an essential component of our daily prayers. Our Sages attach much significance to Psalm 145 in particular, and stated: “Whoever recites ‘A praise by Dovid’ three times a day is assuredly worthy of a share in the World to Come” (Berachos 4b). When recited in prayer, this psalm is always introduced with two verses from other Psalms (84:5 and 144:15). These verses contain the word fortunate three times, an allusion to this psalm being recited three times a day. These verses are so closely identified with Psalm 145 that it is commonly referred to as Ashrei (Fortunate).", "Fortunate are those who dwell", "in Your house;100This verse referred to the Kohanim and the Levites who served (dwelt) in the Holy Temple (Your House); it is at all times applicable to scholars and devout men who study and pray in houses of worship and study.", "may they continue to praise You, Selah.101Tehillim 84:5", "Fortunate is the people whose lot is thus;", "fortunate is the people", "for whom Adonoy is their God.102Tehillim 144:15", "A praise by Dovid!", "I will exalt You, my God, the King,", "and bless Your Name forever and ever.", "Every day I will bless You103According to Rav S.R. Hirsch, Dovid here declares, “I will dedicate myself to serve You and to fulfill Your will in loyal obedience,” for in serving Hashem, man causes His Name to be blessed.", "and extol Your Name forever and ever.", "Adonoy is great and highly extolled,", "and His greatness is unfathomable.", "One generation to another", "will praise Your works,", "and Your mighty acts they will declare.", "The splendor of Your glorious majesty,", "and the words104Not simply נִפְלְאתֶיךָ—a report of Your wonders—but דִבְרֵי נִפְלְאתֶיךָ the “words”—the lessons that Your wonders teach.—S.R. Hirsch of Your wonders I will speak.", "Of Your awesome might, they105People in general will speak of Hashem’s wondrous might in punishing the wicked (Sodom, Egypt, etc.) while Dovid will proclaim that Hashem’s greatness is measured more by His kindliness than by His awesomeness.—Siach Yitzchak will speak,", "and Your greatness I will recount.", "Mention of Your bountifulness", "they will express,", "and in Your righteousness joyfully exult.", "Adonoy is gracious and merciful,106He is gracious in bestowing reward and merciful in punishment.—Siach Yitzchak", "slow to anger and great in kindliness.", "Adonoy is good to all,", "His mercy encompasses all His works.", "All Your works will thank You, Adonoy,", "and Your pious ones will bless You.107Your works which are the cause of your being thanked by sensitive people; similarly, cause your pious ones to bless You.—based on S.R. Hirsch.", "Of the honor of Your kingship,", "they will speak,", "and Your might they will declare.", "To reveal to men His mighty acts,", "and the glorious splendor of His Kingship.", "Your kingship is the kingship for all times,", "and Your dominion is in every generation.", "Adonoy supports all the fallen,", "and straightens all the bent.", "The eyes of all look expectantly to You,", "and You give them", "their food at its proper time.", "You open Your hand", "and satisfy the desire of every living being.", "Adonoy is just in all His ways", "and benevolent in all His deeds.108The penalties for transgressions are just, but Hashem is gracious in the actual punishment inflicted on the sinner.—Siddur HaGra", "Adonoy is near to all who call upon Him,", "to all who call upon Him in truth.109He is near to all who call upon Him, but His nearness can be perceived only by those who call upon Him in truth, who truly mean to have Hashem enter into their lives.—S.R. Hirsch", "The will of those who fear Him, He fulfills;", "He hears their cry and delivers them.110While Hashem hears all who cry unto Him in truth, He answers those who fear Him, who subject their desires to His will.—Siach Yitzchak", "Adonoy watches over all those who love Him,", "and will destroy all the wicked.", "Praise of Adonoy, my mouth will declare", "and all flesh will bless", "His Holy Name forever and ever.", "And we will bless God", "from now forever.", "Praise God.111Tehillim 115:18. You should pause between עוֹלָם and הַלְלוּיָהּ. Similarly, in all the Tehillim, the word הַלְלוּיָהּ is not connected to the preceding verse.", "This Psalm acclaims God’s loving care as experienced by each Jew in his own life.", "Praise God!", "My soul, praise Adonoy.", "I will praise Adonoy with my life;", "I will sing to my God as long as I live.", "Do not place your trust", "[even] in noble men,112According to the Sages, it is implied that one should not rely even on the merit of his sainted ancestors, the Patriarchs, for deliverance.", "in man who has no [power of] deliverance.", "[When] his spirit departs,", "he returns to his earth;113Only the four cubits of ground which will receive him one day are his; of all the world they are the one possession which is guaranteed to him.—S.R. Hirsch", "on that day his plans come to naught.", "Fortunate [is he]", "when the Almighty of Yaakov is his help,114Yaakov, more than anyone, sensed Hashem’s nearness and protection throughout his difficult life and through all the trials to which he was subjected.—S.R. Hirsch", "whose expectation is on Adonoy, his God.", "He makes heaven and earth,", "the sea and all that is in them;", "He keeps His promises faithfully forever.115He alone has always proven dependable and faithful, for there are no limits to His essence and to His power.—Ibn Ezra, Radak", "He performs justice for the oppressed;", "He gives bread to the hungry;", "Adonoy releases the imprisoned.", "Adonoy gives sight to the blind;", "Adonoy straightens the bent.", "Adonoy loves the righteous.", "Adonoy protects strangers;", "the orphan and widow", "He enables to stand firm;", "and the way of the wicked He thwarts.", "Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations.", "Praise God.", "In this Psalm, Dovid imparts the knowledge to sustain and uphold the Jewish People, during their bitter exile. He tells them of their special and enduring relationship with God and of their role as permanent messengers of the word of God to all mankind.", "Praise God!", "for it is good to sing to our God;", "for [His] praise is pleasant, befitting.", "The builder of Yerushalayim is Adonoy;", "the banished ones of Yisrael He will gather.", "[He is] the Healer of the broken-hearted", "and [also] binds up their wounds.116Others render “their sorrows.” Both translations co-exist! Hashem not only heals their physical pains but also abbreviates their sorrows as well.", "He fixes the number of stars;", "He calls all of them by names.117Not one of the myriad stars was created accidentally; each has a unique purpose and function.—Siach Yitzchak", "Great is our Master and abundant in power;", "His understanding is beyond reckoning.", "Adonoy causes the humble to stand firm;", "He casts down the wicked to the ground.", "Cry out to Adonoy in thanksgiving;", "sing to our God with the harp.118Each musical instrument has its unique function. In the times of King Dovid, the harp was used to arouse those who slept. The psalmist may be indicating that the harp arouses the sleeping soul of man to recognition of the miraculous ways in which Hashem shows His Divine Providence for us every day.—Siach Yitzchak", "[He] Who covers the heaven with clouds,", "Who prepares rain for the earth;", "Who causes grass to grow upon the hills.", "Who gives the animal its fodder;", "[also] to the young ravens which call.", "Not the power of the horse does He desire,", "nor the thighs of man does He want.119Hashem does not delight in those who place their trust in the strength of horses or in their own strength.—Tzelosa d’Avraham", "Adonoy wants those who fear Him,", "those who hope for His kindliness.", "Yerushalayim, praise Adonoy;", "Tziyon, extol your God.120The Psalmist addresses the dwellers in Yerushalayim and Tziyon, not the city itself.—Tzelosa d’Avraham", "For He has fortified the bars of your gates;", "He has blessed your children in your midst.", "He established peace at your border;", "with prime wheat He satisfies you.", "He dispatches His command earthward;", "His word races swiftly.", "He provides snow like fleece,", "He scatters frost like ashes.", "He hurls His ice like crumbs;", "who can withstand His cold?", "He dispatches His word and melts them;", "He blows His wind, they flow as water.", "He declares His word to Yaakov,", "His statutes and His laws to Yisrael.121Yisrael is the receiver and preserver of Hashem’s divine Law, the Torah, which includes chukim, statutes which confine the physical, sensual aspects of man within the bounds of moral purity, and also mishpotim, laws which govern communal life. Among the nations, law is determined by the views they hold at a given time and place concerning the needs of a society, and so their laws are based on expediency.—S.R. Hirsch", "He did not do so to any [other] nation;", "and of His laws they were not informed.", "Praise God.", "In this psalm, Dovid sings of the moment when all the world will be imbued with the knowledge of God’s all-embracing providence. All living creatures—from the infinite heights of heaven above (verses 1-7) down to the depths of the earth below (verses 7-12)—will join together in one great hymn of praise to their Creator, and acknowledge the uniqueness of Yisrael over all other nations.", "Praise God.", "Praise Adonoy from the sky;", "Praise Him in the heights!", "Praise Him, all His angels;", "Praise Him, all His hosts!", "Praise Him, sun and moon;", "Praise Him, all the stars of light.", "Praise Him, skies of skies,", "and the waters that are above the skies.122Bereishis 1:6-7 indicates that there are waters above the heavens.", "They will praise the Name of Adonoy,", "for He commanded it and they were created.", "He established them for all time,123The heavenly bodies, unlike humans and earthly things, were created from materials that do not deteriorate.—Kuzari", "for as long as the world exists;", "He decreed it and it is unalterable.124None of the heavenly bodies transgresses the Divine decree about its functions in the role for which it was created. The sun never violates its mandate to serve by day or the moon by night. According to Ibn Ezra, the verse might also be translated “He issued a decree which will not pass away,” for Hashem’s decree is permanent and immutable.", "Praise Adonoy from the earth,", "sea-monsters", "and all [that dwell in] the depths.", "Fire and hail, snow and vapor,", "stormwind, [all] fulfilling His word.", "The mountains and all the hills,", "fruit trees and all cedars.", "Wild beasts and all animals,", "creeping things and winged fowl.", "Earthly kings and all peoples,", "ministers and all earthly judges.", "Young men and also maidens,", "elders together with lads.125Elders and youngsters praise Hashem together while the young men must be separated from the maidens. In the Temple separate facilities were erected for the women. So too must there be separate seating in our synagogues.", "They will praise the Name of Adonoy,", "for His Name alone is exalted;", "His majesty is over the earth and the skies.", "He will raise the might of His people,", "[which is] praise for all His pious ones,", "for the Children of Yisrael,", "the people near126The fulfillment of the last two verses will take place in the Messianic era. to Him.", "Praise God.", "This psalm continues the theme of the previous psalm.", "Praise God.", "Sing a new song to Adonoy,127The old songs will not suffice to express the joy at the wonders in the Messianic future.—Radak", "His praise in the assembly of the pious.", "Yisrael will rejoice in its Maker;", "the children of Tziyon", "will exult in their King.128Yisrael is the nation as a whole, the children of Tziyon are the elite of the people.—Seporno", "They will praise His Name with dance;", "with drum and harp", "they will make music to Him.", "Because Adonoy desires His people;", "He will adorn the humble", "with deliverance.129Although Hashem desires all His people, nevertheless, our ultimate salvation will come through the merit of His humble ones.—Rav Simcha Bunim of Pczyscha", "The pious will rejoice in honor;", "they will sing joyously upon their beds.", "High praises of the Almighty in their throats,", "and a double-edged sword in their hand.130One’s praise of Hashem emanating from deep within him (not mere lip service), becomes a two-edged sword, for it protects him against attack from his fellow men and it guards him from adversity in the approaching Divine judgment.—S.R. Hirsch", "To perform vengeance upon the nations,", "chastisement upon the peoples.", "To bind their kings with chains,", "and their nobles with iron fetters.", "To execute upon them", "[the] written judgment;", "it131The Divine judgment itself is honor and recognition for those who commit their entire lives and efforts to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch is the splendor of all His pious ones.", "Praise God.", "This psalm recapitulates all the previous hymns and tells how God is revealed through His mighty deeds.", "Praise God.", "Praise the Almighty in His Sanctuary132His “Sanctuary” refers to the world of angels who minister to Him as He appears on His throne.—Radak", "Praise God in the firmament of His might133The firmament of His might refers to the heavenly spheres through which Hashem reveals His mastery over the physical world.—Radak", "Praise Him for His mighty deeds;", "Praise Him", "according to the abundance of His greatness.", "Praise Him with the blowing of the shofar;134The shofar is the solemn instrument which awakens and calls us to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "praise Him with lyre and harp.135Lyre and harp are instruments which express man’s meditation upon Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with drum and dance.136Drum and dance are public manifestations of exultation in Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him", "with stringed instruments and flute.137Stringed instruments and the flute may serve to express the quieter rejoicing of an individual.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with resounding cymbals.138The cymbal is an instrument of extremely loud sound which may serve to call whole groups to attentive participation.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with clanging cymbals.", "Let every soul praise God. Praise God.", "Let every soul praise God.", "Praise God.139This verse is repeated to mark the end of the Tehillim included in the Pesukei Dezimrah.—Avudraham", "The following selected verses from Psalms mark the close of the individual books of Psalms. Eitz Yoseif notes that these verses may constitute a sort of blessing marking the close of the Pesukei Dezimrah.", "Blessed is Adonoy forever,", "Amein and Amein!140Tehillim 89:53. Hashem is the eternal source of blessing. We merely declare His blessedness, we do not bless Him.", "Blessed is Adonoy from Tziyon,", "Who dwells in Yerushalayim.", "Praise God.141Tehillim 135:21.", "Blessed is Adonoy, God,", "God of Yisrael", "Who alone performs wonders.142“Alone” means without intermediaries (Malbim); also without the beneficiary’s awareness (Gaon of Vilna).", "And blessed is the Name of His glory forever,", "and may His glory fill the whole earth.", "Amein and Amein!143Tehillim 72:18-19. This verse will be fulfilled in Messianic times when all men will be invested with a true awareness of Hashem’s majesty. The prophet (Yeshaya 11:9) foretells, “For (then) the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of Adonoy as the waters cover the sea.”—Radak", "The custom of reciting the following additions to Pesukei Dezimrah is mentioned as early as the Gaonic era, specifically by Rav Amram Gaon. These verses were incorporated into our daily prayers because they speak so eloquently of God’s majesty, and of the Divine providence which is the source of the power, riches, might, and honor of all human beings.", "The first four verses (1 Chronicles 29:10-13) relate Dovid’s blessing to God, when he presented the gold, silver, and jewels he amassed for the construction of the Holy Temple. It was a day of great rejoicing as, following Dovid’s example, the leaders and princes also presented generous gifts for the construction of the Temple.", "
The following until after ישתבח should be said standing.
", "And Dovid blessed Adonoy", "in the presence of all the assembly;", "and Dovid said,", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "God of Yisrael, our Father,144Dovid singles out Yaakov because he was the first Patriarch to mention building a house of Hashem (Bereishis 28:22), “Then shall this stone which I have set for a pillar be Hashem’s house.”—Radak", "forever and ever.", "Yours, Adonoy,", "is the greatness, the might, the glory", "the victory and the beauty,145Dovid thus renders unto Hashem the greatness Hashem has given him. His might in war, his victories in battle, and the majesty of his kingdom, are all due to Hashem’s providence.—Iyun T’filah", "for all that is in heaven and on earth", "[is Yours]; Yours, Adonoy, is the kingdom", "and You are uplifted,", "[supreme] over all rulers.", "The riches and the honor come from You,", "and You rule over all;", "in Your hand are power and might,", "and [it is] in Your hand", "to bestow greatness and strength upon all.", "And now, our God,", "we give thanks to You", "and praise Your glorious Name.146Divrei Hayamim I 29:10-13.", "You alone are Adonoy;147This is an affirmation of Hashem’s unity: “Adonoy is One.”", "You have made the skies,", "the skies of skies148This denotes the highest of the seven heavens.", "and all their hosts,149This signifies the sun, moon, and stars.", "the earth and all that is upon it,", "the seas and all that is in them;", "and You give life to all of them,", "and the heavenly hosts150These are the angelic beings that worship Adonoy. bow before You.", "You are Adonoy, the God", "Who chose Avrom,", "and brought him out of Ur Kasdim", "and established his name (as) Avraham.151This was not a mere changing of names. Avraham was elevated and attained new stature as a patriarch by virtue of his new name.", "And You found his heart", "faithful before You,152This was demonstrated when he was ready to sacrifice Yitzchak.", "and You made the covenant with him153In some congregations, וְכָרות is recited responsively on the day of a circumcision. Consequently, some siddurim indicate that a new paragraph begins here. But it is actually a continuation of the verse.", "to give the land of the Canaanites,", "the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizites,", "the Jebusites, and the Girgashites,", "to give to his seed;", "and You kept Your word,", "for You are righteous.", "And You saw the affliction", "of our fathers in Mitzrayim,", "and their cry You heard", "at the Sea of Reeds.", "And You imposed signs and wonders", "against Pharaoh and all his servants", "and all the people of his land,", "for You knew", "that they acted malevolently against them;154Them = the Jews in Egypt.", "and (thus) You have made a name for Yourself,", "like this day.155The miracles and wonders of the Shemos have not and will not be forgotten. Each generation reaffirms its testimony to Hashem’s might against the Egyptians and thus the event remains as vivid and real as though it occurred today.", "And the sea, You split before them,", "and they went through the midst of the sea", "on the dry land;", "and their pursuers", "You hurled into the depths,", "like a stone into mighty waters.156Nechemiah 9:6-11" ], "Shiras Hayam": [ "In Temple times Shiras Hayam, the Song of the Sea, was sung by the Levites when the daily afternoon sacrifice was offered.157Maseches Rosh Hashana 31a, mentions that the Ode was sung at Minchah on Shabbos. After the destruction, the Jews of the Holy Land continued the tradition, reciting the Shira at the end of the Pesukei Dezimrah. The custom spread to Italy and from there to other Jewish communities. This daily recital is mentioned by Rav Saadya Gaon but not as an obligatory part of the service. Rambam calls it a “custom.”158Hilchos Tefillah 7:13. Subsequently adopted by all communities, reciting the Shira became an integral part of our daily prayers.", "Some hold that the Shira should be chanted aloud while standing. It should be sung with joy as at the time of the Exodus. “Sheloh” writes that reciting the Shira atones for sin, so that if one wishes to repent a serious sin, he should recite the Shira every day with great fervor. The Zohar says, “If one recites this song with elation and joy, he will be worthy to sing it in the next world. He will also be worthy to sing it when he greets the Mashiach.”", "On that day,159Even though they had been free a week earlier, they were insecure, fearing that the Egyptians would capture and re-enslave them. Only when Hashem had drowned the Egyptians were the Yisraelites free psychologically.—Seporno Adonoy delivered", "Yisrael from the hand of Mitzrayim,", "and Yisrael saw the Mitzriyim", "dead on the seashore.", "And Yisrael saw", "the great hand160The use of the word “hand” or any physical attribute with regard to Hashem is merely metaphorical, since Hashem is in no way physical.", "which Adonoy wielded against Mitzrayim,", "and the people feared Adonoy,", "and they believed in Adonoy,", "and that Moshe was His servant.", "Then Moshe and the Children of Yisrael sang", "this song to Adonoy,", "and they said:", "I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;161When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But Hashem is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi", "the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea.", "The strength and retribution of God", "was the cause of my deliverance;162This translation follows Rashi’s commentary.", "this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him,", "God of my father and I will exalt Him.", "Adonoy is master of war", "Adonoy is His Name.", "Pharaoh’s chariots and army,", "He hurled into the sea;", "and his elite officers were drowned", "in the Sea of Reeds.", "The deep waters covered them;", "they descended into the depths like stone.", "Your right hand Adonoy", "is adorned with power,", "Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy.", "And in Your great majesty,", "You destroyed Your opponents;", "You sent forth Your fury,", "it consumed them like straw.163This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when Hashem will destroy all the wicked.", "And with the wind from Your nostrils", "the waters were heaped up,", "flowing water stood erect like a wall;", "the deep waters congealed", "in the heart of the sea.164The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rashi", "The enemy (Pharaoh) said:", "“I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them],", "I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself;", "I will unsheathe my sword,", "my hand will destroy them.", "You blew with Your wind,", "the sea covered them;", "they sank like lead in the mighty waters.165Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters.", "Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy!", "who is like You?", "[You are] adorned in holiness,", "awesome in praise, performing wonders.166Hashem is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise Hashem fully, and Dovid therefore said (Tehillim 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi", "You stretched out Your right hand,", "the earth swallowed them.", "You led in Your kindliness,", "the people whom You redeemed;", "You guided them with Your might", "to Your holy dwelling place.", "The peoples heard and trembled,", "pangs of fear gripped", "the inhabitants of Philistia.167The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Yisrael had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi", "Then the chieftains of Edom panicked,", "the mighty men of Moab", "were seized with trembling,", "all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.168Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moavites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Yisrael would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Yaakov. The Moavites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Avraham (Bereishis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Yisrael was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbainu Bachyah", "Terror and dread fall upon them;", "at the greatness of Your arm", "they were still as stone;", "until Your people cross over, Adonoy,", "until [they] cross over,169The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Yardein rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Onkelos", "—the people You have acquired.", "You will bring them and plant them170Moshe here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that Hashem should bring the Jews into His inheritance.—Rashi", "on the mountain of Your inheritance,", "the place for Your habitation", "which You, Adonoy, have made;", "the Sanctuary, my Master,", "[which] Your hands established.171Hashem’s “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi", "Adonoy will reign forever and ever.", "Adonoy will reign forever and ever.172This verse is not repeated in Shemos. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Tehillim 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Tehillim.—Avudraham", "Adonoy! His sovereignty is established", "forever and to all eternity.173This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Onkelos.", "When Pharaoh’s horses, with his chariots,", "and his horsemen, went into the sea,", "Adonoy turned back on them", "the waters of the sea;", "and the Children of Yisrael", "walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.174Shemos 14:30-15:19.", "For the kingship is Adonoy’s", "and He rules over nations.175Tehillim 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Yisrael who willingly accept the Kingship of Hashem, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna", "And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon", "to judge the mount of Esav,", "and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.176Ovadyah 1:21.", "And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day", "Adonoy will be One and His Name One.177Zecharyah 14:9. In the future, Hashem will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King." ], "Nishmas": [ "The Mishnah, (Maseches Pesachim 117b) refers to the following prayer as בִּרְכַּת הַשִּׁיר, the blessing of song. Some commentaries suggest that it is so named because it forms a lengthy song that concludes with the blessing of יִשְׁתַּבַּח on page 185. On weekdays, when there is not sufficient time to concentrate adequately on our prayers, we merely recite the concluding blessing of יִשְׁתַּבַּח, but on Sabbath and Festivals we recite the prayer in its entirety.", "The soul of every living thing", "shall bless Your Name, Adonoy, our God;", "and the spirit of all flesh", "shall glorify and exalt", "Your mention, our King, continually.", "From world to world,178See note 55 on תפילה למשה, page 145.", "You are Almighty;", "and besides You", "we have no king, redeemer, or deliverer,", "[who] liberates, rescues, maintains", "and is compassionate", "in all times of trouble and distress.", "We have no king, helper, supporter but You.", "God of the first and last [generations],", "God of all created things,", "Master of all begotten things,179Etz Yosef assumes that תּוֹלָדוֹת refers to events that occur in time. [See Proverbs 27:1, כִּי לֹא תֵדַע מַה יֻלַּד יוֹם, for you do not know what a day may bring forth.] Thus Hashem is Master of all events. Iyun Tefiloh says that בְּרִיוֹת, created beings, refers to everything Hashem created during the six days of creation, whereas תּוֹלָדוֹת refers to those things that come forth, i.e., were “born” from the original created things. Thus He is Hashem of all created things and Master of all begotten things even though they appear as products of nature.", "Who is extolled with a multitude of praises,", "Who conducts His world with kindliness", "and His creatures with compassion.", "Adonoy neither slumbers nor sleeps.", "He arouses those who sleep", "and awakens those who slumber,", "and He gives speech to the mute,", "and releases the imprisoned.", "He supports those who have fallen", "and straightens the bent.", "To You alone we give thanks.", "Even if our mouths were filled with song", "like the sea,180Just like the sea is filled with water.", "and our tongues with exultation", "like the roaring of its waves,", "and our lips with praise", "like the breadth of the firmament,", "and our eyes were radiant", "like the sun and the moon,", "and our hands outspread", "like [the] eagles of the sky,", "and our feet light as the deer—", "we would never sufficiently", "thank You, Adonoy, our God", "and God of our fathers,", "and bless Your Name", "for even one thousandth", "of the billions", "and trillions", "of favors which You did", "for our fathers and for us:", "from Mitzrayim You redeemed us,", "Adonoy, our God;", "from the house of bondage, You liberated us;", "in famine You nourished us,", "and in [times of] plenty, You fed us;", "from the sword You saved us", "and from pestilence You removed us,", "and from severe and lingering sicknesses,", "have You withdrawn us.", "Until now", "Your compassion has helped us", "and Your kindliness has not forsaken us.", "Do not abandon us, Adonoy, our God,", "for eternity.", "Therefore,", "the limbs which You apportioned for us,", "and the spirit and soul", "that You have breathed into our nostrils,", "and the tongue You have set in our mouth—", "behold, they will thank, bless,", "praise, glorify, exalt", "revere, sanctify, and proclaim the sovereignty", "of Your Name, our King.", "For every mouth will thank You,", "and every tongue", "will swear allegiance to You,", "and every knee will bend to You,", "and all that stand up", "will prostrate themselves before You;", "all hearts will fear You,", "and all innards and kidneys", "will sing to Your Name", "as is written,", "“All my bones will say:", "Adonoy! who is like unto You?”", "You save the poor man", "from one stronger than he,", "and the poor and needy", "from one who would rob him.181Tehillim 35:10.", "Who is like You?", "Who is equal to You?", "And who can be compared to You?", "The Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome", "most high Almighty,", "Possessor of heaven and earth.", "We will extol You, we will praise You,", "we will glorify You,", "and bless Your Holy Name", "as it is said,", "“By Dovid:", "My soul, bless Adonoy!", "and all that is within me [bless]", "His Holy Name!”182Tehillim 103:1.", "[You are] Almighty", "in the power of Your might;", "Great in the honor of Your Name,", "Powerful forever", "and awesome through Your awesome deeds;", "
On the second day of Rosh Hashana continue “The King,” on page 475.
" ], "First Day of Rosh Hashana": { "The King": [ "The King", "Who sits on a throne", "[that is] exalted and uplifted.", "He Who dwells in eternity,", "exalted and holy is His Name.", "And it is written:", "“Joyfully exult in God, [you] righteous ones,", "for the upright, praise is fitting.", "Through the mouth of the upright,", "You are exalted,", "and with the words of the righteous", "You are blessed;", "and by the tongue of the pious,", "You are sanctified;", "and in the midst of the holy,", "You are extolled.", "And in the assemblies", "of myriads", "of Your people, the House of Yisrael;", "with joyful song", "glorified will be Your Name, our King,", "in every generation.", "For it is the duty", "of all beings, before You,", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "to thank, to extol, and to praise;", "to glorify, to exalt, and to honor;", "to bless, to elevate, and to acclaim [You,]", "even beyond all the words", "of song and praise", "of Dovid, son of Yishai,", "Your servant, Your anointed." ], "Yishtabach": [ "Rabbeinu Alfasi (Maseches Berachos 32) refers to Baruch She’amar as the opening blessing of the Pesukei Dezimrah, and Yishtabach as the concluding blessing.", "Praised be Your Name forever, our King,", "Almighty the great and holy King", "in heaven and on earth.", "For to You it is fitting [to offer]", "Adonoy, our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "song and praise, glorification and hymns,", "[to proclaim your] strength and dominion,", "victory, grandeur, and might,", "praise and glory,", "holiness and sovereignty,", "blessings and thanksgivings,", "from now, forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Almighty,", "King [Who is] great in [our] praise", "Almighty,", "of [to Whom we offer our] thanksgiving,", "Master of [Whom we praise for His] wonders,", "the Selector of song-hymns,", "King,", "Almighty,", "Life of [all] the worlds.", "
The following Psalm (130) is said responsively:
", "In this Psalm, the Jewish soul sings of the Jewish spirit ascending from the depths of the deepest misery of all, the burden of sin and guilt.", "A Song of Ascents.", "Out of the depths", "I have called to You, Adonoy.", "My Master, hear my voice;", "let Your ears be attentive", "to the voice of my supplications.", "If You God should take account of iniquities,", "my Master, who could survive?", "For with You is forgiveness,", "in order that You be feared.", "I hope for Adonoy, my soul hopes;", "and for His word, I wait.", "My soul [waits] for my Master", "more than the watchman [waits]", "for the morning,", "[more than] the watchman [waits]", "for the morning.", "Wait, Yisrael, upon Adonoy,", "for with Adonoy there is loving-kindness,", "and with Him there is much redemption.", "And He will redeem Yisrael", "from all its iniquities.", "
The Half-Kaddish is recited by the Chazzan
", "Here, as elsewhere in the Liturgy, the Half-Kaddish marks the end of a distinct section of the prayers, in this case, the Pesukei Dezimrah.", "It is called the Half-Kaddish, the final three verses of the complete Kaddish having been omitted.", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "It has become a universally accepted custom to recite Barechu before proceeding to the blessings of Shema. Barechu, like Kaddish and Kedushah, cannot be recited unless a quorum—a minyan of ten adult males—is present. Barechu is also said by one who is called upon to read from the Torah.", "The practice of saying Barechu is mentioned numerous times in the Talmud. It is even cited in the Mishnah (Maseches Berachos 49b) in the names of Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yishmael.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Bless Adonoy Who is blessed.", "
The congregation responds and the Chazzan repeats:
", "Blessed is Adonoy, Who is blessed", "forever and ever.", "The two blessings יוֹצֵר אוֹר “Former of light” and אַהֲבָה רַבָּה “[With] unbounded love,” are referred to as the blessings preceding Shema (Maseches Berachos 11a). According to Rambam they were formulated by Ezra and his Court (Laws of Shema 1:7).", "Blessed are You, Adonoy", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Former1Forming, יוצֵר, is the act of refining or modifying an original substance, whereas, creating, בּורֵא, refers to creating the original substance from nothing. For example, when one shapes a wooden table, to make it round, he “forms” the wood, the original substance which was “created.” Similarly, Hashem “forms the light” which is His act of modifying or limiting the darkness He created.—Siddur HaGra of light,", "Creator of darkness,", "Maker2Making, עושֶׂה, is the act of completion, such as when one completes a table by painting it. Similarly, Hashem’s finishing touch of creation is “making peace,” the vessel that holds it all together, as stated in the Mishnah, “Hashem found no vessel to contain blessing other than peace.” לֹא מָצָא הקב\"ה כְּלִי מַחְזִיק בְּרָכָה אֶלָא הַשָּׁלום— Siddur HaGra of peace,", "and Creator3The verse in Yeshaya (45:7) on which this blessing is based concludes with the words, “and creates evil.” In His original creation Hashem created the potential for evil, which He constantly limits and controls as the Former and Maker.—Siddur HaGra of all things.", "", "", "", "", "", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, continue on page 191.
", "He illuminates the earth", "[and provides light] for those who dwell on it", "with compassion;4Hashem causes light to appear in stages, gradually. This is an act of great compassion for if He made it appear all at once, we would be overwhelmed and blinded by its brightness.— Avudraham", "and in His goodness", "renews every day, continually,5Hashem is not a far-off observer of a mechanism which He created and ignores, but a Living Ruler, Who guides the universe and continually maintains it.", "the work of creation.", "How many are Your works, Adonoy;", "You made them all with wisdom,", "the earth is full of Your possessions.6Lit., Your acquisitions: See Bereishis 14:22.", "The King Who alone is exalted from then,7I.e., before Creation, See p. 9: Hashem was King before all creatures were created.", "Who is praised and glorified", "and uplifted,", "from the beginning of time.8I.e., after Creation. Ever since Creation, Hashem has been praised and glorified by His creatures.", "Eternal God,", "in Your abundant mercy,", "have compassion on us,", "Master, Who is our strength,", "Rock, Who is our stronghold", "Shield, of our deliverance,", "[Be] a stronghold for us.", "The blessed Almighty, great in knowledge,", "prepared and made the rays of the sun.", "[The] Good [One] created [everything]", "for the glory of His Name:9See Yeshaya 43:7: “All that is called by My Name, I have created for My glory.”—Avudraham", "the luminaries He set", "around His strength (His throne).", "The chiefs of His hosts are holy beings,10“Holy beings” are angels. In Hebrew the word for angels means messenger, and includes all the instruments of Divine purpose, whether in human form, or in the forces of nature.—Kuzari", "the exalters of Shadai11A name of Hashem (Bereishis 17:1; 35:11; 43:14 etc.) which refers to His setting boundaries and limits throughout creation.", "continually recount", "the glory of the Almighty12The Heavenly throne is thus conceived of as surrounded by angels and all the adoring heavenly bodies.—See Yeshaya 6:12", "and His holiness.", "Be Blessed, Adonoy, our God,", "for the excellent works of Your hands,", "and for the light-giving luminaries", "which You made;", "they will glorify You forever.13Those of His creatures capable of praising Him do so. The rest are evidence of His astonishing wisdom and arouse the others to praise Him.", "
Continue “Be blessed” on page 196.
", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, begin here:
", "All will thank You, all will praise You,", "and all will proclaim:", "“There is none holy like Adonoy.”", "All will exalt You, forever,", "Creator of all.", "The Almighty Who opens each day", "the doors of the gates14This is an allusion to the sun, rising in the east. Hashem opens the doors each day to permit the sun to rise. Every sunrise is thus an act of Hashem. of the east", "and pierces the windows of the firmament;", "Who brings the sun out of its place", "and the moon from its dwelling-place;", "and illuminates the entire world", "and to its inhabitants,", "whom He created", "with [His] attribute of mercy.15Hashem saw that the world could not exist if He were to govern it on the basis of His attribute of pure justice. He therefore joined His attribute of compassion with that of justice and dispenses both justice and mercy as He sees fit.—Avudraham", "He illuminates the earth", "and those who dwell on it", "with compassion,", "and in His goodness", "renews every day, continually,", "the work of creation.", "The King Who alone is exalted from then;16From before Creation.", "Who is praised, glorified, and uplifted", "from the beginning of time.17Ever since Creation He has been praised and glorified by all created beings.", "Eternal God—", "in Your abundant mercy,", "have compassion on us,", "Master Who is our strength,", "Rock Who is our stronghold,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "[Be] a stronghold for us.", "There is none to be compared to You,", "and there is none other than You,", "nothing exists without You", "and who is like You?", "There is none to be compared to You,", "Adonoy, our God,18In this world where there are so many false gods, we proclaim that he is Adonoy our God.—Avudraham in this world;", "and there is none beside You, our King19In the World to Come, Hashem’s sovereignty will be clearly revealed so even now, we proclaim that He is our King.", "in the life of the World to Come;", "Nothing exists without You", "our Redeemer20Ultimate total redemption will come in the Messianic era, and thus we say that Hashem is our Redeemer.—Avudraham", "in the days of the Messiah;", "and there will be none like You,", "our Deliverer,21The resurrection of the dead is the culmination of deliverance and we say that He is our Deliverer.—Avudraham", "at the time of the resurrection of the dead." ], "Eil Adon": [ "Almighty,", "Master over all [created] works,", "blessed [is He]22Hashem is the source of all blessing, and is blessed even without the blessing of man.", "and He is blessed by the mouth of every soul.", "His greatness and goodness fill the world,", "perception and understanding", "surround Him.", "He is most high, over the holy chayos,23Chayos are angels which exist eternally, unlike other angels which exist for short periods for specific functions.", "and adorned in glory above the chariot;24The “chariot” refers to the retinue of angels at their positions in heaven.—Siddur HaGra", "merit and uprightness are before His throne,", "kindness and mercy are before His glory.25First the prayer mentions merit and uprightness, the qualities that man must acquire and live by and then it mentions kindness and mercy, the attributes with which Hashem conducts the world of man.—Avudraham", "Good are the luminaries", "which our God created", "He formed them with perception,", "understanding, and wisdom,", "strength and power He put into them,", "to be rulers26See Bereishis 1:16.", "within the inhabited world.", "Full of luster and radiating brightness,", "beautiful is their luster throughout the world,", "joyous in their rising", "and happy in their setting,", "they perform with reverence,", "the will of their Possessor.", "Glory and honor, they give to His Name,27The steadfastness of their orbits and the efficiency of their functions testify to Hashem’s creation and providence. Thus they reflect honor and glory to His Name.—Avudraham", "jubilation and joyous song", "at the mention of His Kingship.", "He called to the sun and it shone with light,", "He saw and fashioned28Hashem saw that mankind would one day worship the sun and therefore created the moon to diminish the influence of the sun as a total force.—Avudraham", "the form of the moon.", "Praise [they] give Him, all hosts on high,", "glory and greatness [are given Him by]", "the serafim, the ofanim and the holy chayos.29Ofanim, chayos and serafim refer to various classes of angels.—Avudraham", "To the Almighty,", "Who rested from all the creation.", "On the Seventh Day, He elevated Himself30Hashem elevated Himself above everything He created during the six days of creation.", "and sat upon the throne of His honor.", "With glory He enwrapped Himself31This sentence is based on the verse: ה' מָלָךְ גֵאוּת לָבֵשׁ—Adonoy has begun His reign He has clothed Himself with majesty (Tehillim 93:1).", "for the day of rest,", "a delight, He called the Sabbath Day;", "this is the praise of the Seventh Day—", "that on it, the Almighty rested", "from all His work.", "The Seventh Day [itself] offers praise and says:", "“A Psalm, a song by the Sabbath Day:", "‘It is good to give thanks to Adonoy.’”32When man is rested from his everyday tasks and freed from everyday problems, he is able to thank Hashem for all His blessings.", "Therefore glorify and bless the Almighty", "all beings that He has formed;", "praise, honor and greatness", "will they give to the Almighty, King,", "Creator of all,", "Who apportions rest", "to His people Yisrael, in His holiness", "on the holy Shabbos Day.", "Your Name, Adonoy, our God", "will be sanctified,", "and Your mention, our King, will be glorified", "in the heavens above and on the earth below.", "Be blessed, our Deliverer", "for the praiseworthy work of Your hands", "and for the light-giving luminaries", "which You made", "—that will glorify You, Selah.", "Be blessed, our Former,33Some render צוּרֵנוּ “our Rock.” The Gaon of Vilna, however, maintains that it refers to Hashem as our Creator, thus describing Him in the tri-epochal aspect of His Unity: past, present, and future. He was our Creator, He is our King, and He will be our Redeemer. our King,", "and our Redeemer—Creator of holy beings.34These are the Jewish People, who are sanctified in body and soul. The word Creator implies a creation of real substance—the Jewish People rather than angels.—Gaon of Vilna", "Praised be Your Name forever, our King,", "Who forms ministering angels;", "and Whose ministering angels", "all stand at the height of the Universe,", "and proclaim with reverence, in unison aloud", "the words of the living God,", "King of the Universe.", "All of them are beloved,35Beloved—there is no envy, jealousy or rivalry among them. Pure—they have no selfish or ulterior motives; they serve Hashem with all their being.—Siddur HaGra", "all of them are pure,", "all of them are mighty;", "and all of them perform", "with awe and reverence", "the will of their Possessor.", "And they all open their mouths", "in holiness and purity,", "with song and music,", "and they bless, and praise, and glorify,", "and revere, and sanctify,", "and proclaim the sovereignty of—", "the Name of the Almighty, the King,", "the Great, the Mighty, the awesome One;", "holy36Despite the attributes we use to describe Him, He remains holy—beyond our conception. is He.", "And they all take upon themselves", "the yoke37The yoke of Divine Sovereignty is borne willingly and joyfully by each creature as an emblem of his free service to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch of Divine sovereignty", "one from the other,", "and give leave to one another38They take care not to precede one another in their praise of Hashem. On the contrary, each says to the other, “You begin, because you are greater and more worthy than I.”—Avos of R’ Nosson", "to sanctify their Former", "in a spirit of serenity", "with clear speech and pleasantness,39The clear speech of the angels is the holy tongue (pure Hebrew).—Yaavetz", "all exclaim Kedushah in unison,", "and reverently exclaim:", "“Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy of Hosts,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.”40Yeshaya 6:3. Targum Yonoson paraphrases this verse: “Holy [is Hashem] in the highest heights of heaven, the abode of His Divine Presence; holy upon earth, the work of His almighty power; holy [is He] forever and for all eternity.” The Talmud, (Maseches Chulin 91b) refers to this verse as the “Sanctification of the Angels.” According to Avudraham and Yaavetz, this Kedushah has been inserted here to refute those who maintain that Hashem relinquished His control over the heavenly bodies, and they are now able to function independently. We are therefore told that all the heavenly hosts proclaim Hashem’s sanctification and dominion over all the universe.", "", "", "", "", "And the Ofanim and the holy Chayos,", "with a mighty sound rise", "toward the Serafim.", "Facing them, they offer praise and say,", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from His place.”41Yechezkel 3:12. According to the Kuzari, Hashem’s glory is a euphemism for Hashem Himself. Thus the verse means, “Blessed is Adonoy from His place,” conveying this concept: Hashem is more blessed (i.e., greater) than His place; He is not confined to any place. Another view set forth in the Kuzari is that “Hashem’s glory” includes the angels, His throne, His chariot, the firmament, and the spheres. These are called Hashem’s glory similar to a king’s retinue which is his royal splendor.", "To the Blessed Almighty,", "they42The angels. offer pleasant melodies;", "to the King, the Almighty,", "[Who is] living and enduring,", "they utter hymns", "and make praises heard.", "For He alone", "is the Performer of mighty deeds,", "Maker of new things;", "Master of battles,", "Sower of acts of righteousness,43Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair was given two measures of barley for safekeeping. The owner forgot about it for a number of years. Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair planted the barley seed, and each year replanted the previous year’s harvest until it grew to be a substantial crop. After seven years, the owner returned to claim his two measures of barley and Rabbi Pinchas told him, “Come I will show you the great fortune you have accumulated.” Hashem does the same with the good and righteous deeds of man. He sows each righteous deed, and when the person is ready to receive his reward, Hashem returns the original righteous investment plus all the accumulated dividends. Midrash Rabba, Devarim 3:6", "Causer of deliverance to sprout forth;", "Creator of cures.", "Awesome in praise, Master of wonders,", "He renews in His goodness,", "each day, continuously,44Since the blessing began with the praise of Hashem as the Former of light Who continually renews the creation, it concludes on the same note.", "the work of creation,", "as it is said: “[Give thanks to Him]", "Who makes the great luminaries,”", "for His kindness is everlasting.”45Tehillim 136:7.", "Shine a new light upon Tziyon,46We pray that we will be worthy of enjoying the original light of creation, which Hashem put aside for the righteous in the future world.—Yaavetz", "and may we all soon be privileged", "to [enjoy] its brightness.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Former of the luminaries.47When reciting this blessing, bear in mind that even though the heavenly spheres appear immense to us and we attach much importance to them because of the vital functions they perform, in the eyes of their Creator they are no greater than worms. On the contrary, His wisdom and providence are more acutely recognized in an ant or bee because, in spite of their minuteness, they are endowed with a complex of faculties and organs.—Kuzari", "In the second of the blessings that precede Shema we praise God for His goodness in giving us His Torah, and pray for His help in the study of Torah. None of our petitions for the material goods of life approaches the fervor of this prayer for knowledge of the Torah and steadfastness in obeying it.", "[With] unbounded love You have loved us48The Kuzari writes, “When reciting the blessing ‘Unbounded Love’ אַהֲבָה רַבָּה, one should bear in mind that Hashem’s Divine influence is especially directed at the Jewish People who receive it as naturally as a mirror receives rays of light. He should also bear in mind that the Torah is the expression of Hashem’s will and through it He establishes His dominion on earth as in heaven. Whenever an individual or a community attains a high degree of spiritual purity, they become worthy of receiving the Divine light to guide their destiny in a miraculous manner far removed from the ordinary course of events which affect the world. This special relationship with the Creator is called love.”", "Adonoy, our God;", "[With] great and abundant pity49Hashem bestowed His great and abundant pity on us after we sinned in making the golden calf. He not only pardoned us, but gave us the Second Tablets and ordained the construction of the Tabernacle (Mishkan) for His Divine Presence to dwell among us.—Siach Yitzchak", "have You pitied us.", "Our Father, our King!", "for the sake of our forefathers", "who trusted in You,", "and whom You taught statutes of life,", "so too, be gracious to us and teach us.", "Our Father, merciful Father,", "Who acts with compassion", "have compassion on us", "and put into our hearts", "to comprehend,", "and to be intellectually creative,", "to listen, to learn, and to teach,", "to preserve, to practice, and to fulfill50We preserve the Torah by not forgetting its teachings; we practice the commandments and we fulfill them by making them permanent parts of our lives.—Siach Yitzchak", "all the words of instruction in Your Torah", "with love.", "And enlighten our eyes in Your Torah,", "and cause our hearts to hold fast", "to Your commandments,", "and unify51Make us single-hearted and undivided in our love and reverence of Your Name. Keep us from distraction of personal thoughts and selfish motives.—Siach Yitzchak our hearts", "to love and fear Your Name;", "and may we never be put to shame,52When one has to receive a favor that is completely undeserved, he feels a sense of shame. We therefore pray to Hashem, that our redemption will not be a “hand out” without merit and cause us to be ashamed. We proclaim that since we “trusted in His Name” and accepted the bitterness of our exile, our deliverance is not totally undeserved.—Siach Yitzchak", "for in Your holy, great, and awesome Name—", "have we trusted;", "may we exult and rejoice in Your deliverance.", "And bring us to peace", "from the four corners of the earth", "and lead us upright53May we return from our exile with our heads held high, not in meekness.—Siach Yitzchak to our land.", "Because, You are the Almighty,", "Who performs acts of deliverance,54Even if we do not deserve to be saved in our own merit, save us anyhow because You perform acts of deliverance.", "and You have chosen us55At the moment Hashem gave the Torah to the Jews at Sinai, we became His chosen people and were brought close to Him for eternity.—Siach Yitzchak", "from among all peoples and tongues,", "and You have brought us close", "to Your great Name, forever in truth;", "that we may give thanks56These final words complete the prayer begun earlier: “Bring us in peace, and lead us upright to our land, so that we may give thanks to You, and proclaim Your Oneness, with love.—Siach Yitzchak to You,", "and proclaim Your Oneness, with love.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who chooses His people Yisrael with love." ], "Recitation of Shema": [ "The recitation of Shema was part of the daily worship in the Holy Temple, and our Sages ordained that it be recited in the synagogue service, providing it a central place in the morning and evening prayers of each Jew. Its importance may be judged from the fact that the very first Mishnah in the Oral Torah opens with the question, “From what time may the evening Shema be read?”", "In reading Shema, bear in mind that you are performing a Scriptural commandment. All three paragraphs should be read with kavanah, concentrated intention, on what you are saying. The entire Shema should be recited in awe and reverence as it proclaims the existence and unity of God; the Jews’ complete dedication to God and His commandments; the belief in Divine justice; the remembrance of the Exodus and the selection of the Jews as God’s Chosen People. These concepts are the pillars of the Jewish faith. Whenever this sign (°) appears (e.g. בְּכָל֯־לְ֯בָבְךָ), it indicates that you should be careful to pronounce each word distinctly. In many instances, the last letter of the first word and first letter of the second word are the same, and the words might be read as one, which is not the proper way to fulfill the mitzvah of Kerias Shema.", "
The following three words should be said when praying without a minyan:
", "(Almighty, faithful King)", "Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God,", "Adonoy is One.57Devarim 6:4. It is customary to recite this verse aloud, the ear hearing what the lips utter. This helps one concentrate on the meaning of this important declaration. Interestingly, the last letter of the first word שְׁמַע and last letter of אֶחָד are written larger than the others. These two letters form the word עֵד “witness”—i.e., every Jew by saying Shema testifies to Hashem’s unity.—Avudraham
Customarily one closes his eyes when pronouncing this testimony in order to shut out all distractions, and to concentrate all one’s thought on Hashem’s unity. The last word, אֶחָד “One,” is to be said with special emphasis, drawing it out for the length of time needed to reflect that Hashem, the Giver and Sustainer of life Whose Providence guides the destinies of all men, is the unique God of Yisrael, that He is alone in His world, ruling all four corners of the universe.", "
The following three lines are to be said silently:
", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.58Yaakov wished to reveal to his sons the ‘end of the days,’ whereupon the Shechinah departed from him. Said he, “Perhaps, Heaven forbid! there is one unfit among my children.” His sons exclaimed to him, “Hear Yisrael” etc., just as there is only One in your heart so is there only One in our heart. Ben Lakish explained that Yaakov said “Blessed [is His] Name” in response to his sons’ exclamation. The Sages wondered, “Shall we recite it aloud when our teacher Moshe did not say it? Shall we not say it at all, when Yaakov ordained it?” Thus the Rabbis enacted that it be said quietly.—Maseches Pesachim 56a.
When Moshe went up to the heavens, he heard the angels praise Hashem by saying, “Blessed [is His] Name, etc.” When he returned to earth, he taught it to the Jewish People. We say it in an undertone so as not to offend the angels. On Yom Kippur however, when we are considered like angels, we are permitted to say בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם aloud.—Midrash Rabba to Devarim", "And you shall love Adonoy your God", "with all your heart59Our Sages (Sifrei to Devarim 31) explain “With all your heart” to mean “With all your desires—including the evil inclination,” i.e., subject your earthly passions and ambitions to Hashem’s Law and make them instruments for His service.", "and with all your soul60The Sages (ibid.) take these words to mean “With your whole life—even to the last drop of blood.” It was such an understanding that led Rabbi Akiva to say, when the executioner was tearing his flesh with iron hooks, “All my life, I have longed for this moment. I have loved Hashem with all my heart and with all my might; and now at last, I can love Him with my whole life.” It was this concept that gave Jewish martyrs the courage to lay down their lives for their faith.", "and with all your possessions.61The Sages (ibid.) explain, “With whatever lot Providence has assigned to you,” i.e., despite whatever material sacrifice your loyalty to Hashem and to Torah might entail.", "And these words", "which I command you today,62The teachings of the Torah should be ever fresh in your minds, as though you received it today.—Ibid.", "shall be upon your heart.", "And you shall teach them sharply63See to it that your children have a clear, and not a confused, stammering knowledge of the Torah.—Ibid.", "to your children.", "And you shall discuss them", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall bind them for a sign", "upon your hand,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.64Devarim 6:5-9. This paragraph contains 10 commandments: 1) accepting the “yoke” of heaven; 2) proclaiming the Unity of Hashem; 3) loving Hashem; 4) studying Torah (and you shall speak of them); 5) teaching your children; 6-7) reciting Shema in the evening and in the morning; 8-9) putting on the tefillin of the hand and head; 10) putting up mezuzos on the door posts.", "And it will be—", "if you vigilantly obey My commandments", "which I command you this day,", "to love Adonoy your God,", "and serve Him", "with your entire hearts65The service of the heart is prayer, as Dovid said (Tehillim 141:2) “May my prayers be acceptable to You as an incense [service].”", "and with your entire souls—", "that I will give rain for your land", "in its proper time,66Hashem will make it rain at night so as not to cause you discomfort.—Rashi", "the early (autumn) rain", "and the late (spring) rain;67Reward and punishment are here connected with the rainfalls vital to the Land of Yisrael. The heavy rains which open the growing season in the fall and the showers which fall while the grain is ripening are of utmost importance.", "and you will harvest your grain", "and your wine and your oil.", "And I will put grass", "in your fields for your cattle,", "and you will eat and be satisfied.", "Beware lest your hearts be swayed68One who is satisfied can easily be induced to forget the Source of his fullness.—Rashi", "and you turn astray,", "and you worship alien gods", "and bow to them.", "And Adonoy’s fury will blaze among you,", "and He will close off the heavens", "and there will be no rain", "and the earth will not yield its produce;", "and you will perish swiftly69No extension will be given. The “generation of the flood” was granted a reprieve of 120 years (Bereishis 6:3) because they did not have from whom to learn; but you do have from whom to learn.—Sifrei, cited by Rashi", "from the good land", "which Adonoy gives you.", "Place these words of Mine70Even in exile you must fulfill Hashem’s commandments—Sifrei cited by Rashi", "upon your hearts and upon your souls,—", "and bind them for a sign", "upon your hands,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.71Between your eyes is not to be taken literally. The correct position of the phylactery of the head (shel rosh) is at the edge of the hair line directly above the place which is between the eyes.", "And you shall teach them to your sons,", "to speak them72From the moment your son knows how to talk, begin teaching him the Torah.—Rashi.", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.", "In order that your days be prolonged,", "and the days of your children,", "upon the land", "which Adonoy swore to your fathers", "to give them [for as long]", "as the heavens are above the earth.", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:", "Speak to the children of Yisrael,", "and tell them73Rabbi Yehuda bar Chaviva said that this third section was added to Shema because of six important things contained therein: 1. the commandment of fringes, 2. mention of the Exodus, 3.the call to assume the yoke of Hashem’s commandments, 4. the warning against heretical concepts, 5. the warning against straying after sinful desires, and 6. the warning against idolatrous worship.—Maseches Berachos 12b", "to make for themselves fringes", "on the corners of their garments", "throughout their generations;", "and they will place with the fringes", "of each corner", "a thread of blue.", "And it will be to you for fringes,", "and you will look upon it", "and you will remember", "all the commandments of Adonoy,74Rabbi Meir says: “the blue thread of the fringes resembles the sea, the sea reflects the heavens, and heavens resemble the Throne of Glory” (Sifrei). The outward act of looking upon the tzitzis leads the Jew to inward spiritual conformity with the precepts of Hashem.", "and you will perform them;", "and you will not turn aside after your hearts75The heart and the eyes of a person are the agents of sin—the eye sees, the heart desires, and thus the person sins.—Tanchuma cited by Rashi.", "and after your eyes", "which cause you to go astray.", "In order that you will remember", "and perform all My commandments;", "and you will be holy unto your God.", "I am Adonoy, your God,", "Who brought you out", "of the land of Mitzrayim", "to be your God:", "I am Adonoy, your God—76Bamidbar 15:37-41.", "—is true—", "You must be careful to connect the last words of Shema, ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶם (Adonoy, your God), with the word אֱמֶת (is true) without pause or interruption so that these three words form one sentence, meaning “Adonoy your God is true” (Berachos 13a).", "
The Chazzan repeats:
", "Adonoy, your God, is true.", "The following prayer, which culminates with גָאַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, Who redeemed Yisrael, constitutes the “Blessing after Shema” mentioned in the Talmud (Maseches Berachos 11a). It is also mentioned in Maseches Tamid (32b) as part of the morning service in the Temple.", "—and firm,", "certain and enduring,", "upright and faithful,", "beloved and cherished,", "desired and pleasant,77The Jew declares his commitment to Hashem, and states that His precepts are not forced upon him. On the contrary, they are beloved, cherished, delightful and pleasant to him.—Siach Yitzchak", "awesome and mighty,", "correct78The teachings of Torah are correct in their totality. They lack nothing and are eternally valid for all situations.—Siach Yitzchak and acceptable,79Even those precepts that are not easily understood and appear to contradict human nature, are accepted by us.—Siach Yitzchak", "good and beautiful", "is this80All that was affirmed above in Shema. [affirmation] to us for all eternity.", "It is true,", "that the God of the Universe, is our King,", "the Stronghold of Yaakov", "is the Shield of our deliverance.", "Throughout the generations", "He endures and His Name endures,", "and His throne is confirmed;", "and His sovereignty and His faithfulness", "endure forever.", "His words are alive and enduring,", "faithful and desirable", "forever and to all eternity;", "for our fathers and for us,81After having affirmed that all that was said in Shema is true, firm, certain, enduring, etc., we take an oath and testify that we accept the “yoke of heaven” upon ourselves as did our fathers before us and as will our children after us, forever and ever. Thus we say in the following prayer: “For our fathers, for us, for our children and for our descendants—Your word is good and lasting—a Law that will never be abrogated.”—Kuzari", "for our children and for our generations,", "and for all generations", "of the seed of Yisrael, Your servants.", "Upon the first", "and upon the last [generations]", "[it is] a matter that is good and everlasting.", "It is true and faithful,", "a Law that will never be abrogated.", "Truly you Adonoy, are", "our God, and the God of our fathers,", "our King the King of our fathers,", "our Redeemer, Redeemer of our fathers,", "our Former, Rock of our deliverance;", "our Liberator and our Saver", "is Your Name from old,", "there is no God but You.", "The help82The word help indicates that the recipient also participated in his rescue, whereas the words shield and deliverer indicate that the rescue was made without any help from the rescued party. Our fathers who were righteous, participated in their rescue, and Hashem “helped” them. Since we are not that righteous, Hashem shields and delivers us even though we have no merit.—Siach Yitzchak of our fathers", "You have always been.", "A Shield and a Deliverer", "to their children after them", "in every generation.", "Your habitation is the heights of the universe,", "and Your judgments and Your righteousness", "[reach] to the ends of the earth.83Alternatively: “Affect mankind to the end of earthly time.”—Avudraham", "Fortunate is man", "who heeds Your commandments;", "and Your Torah and Your word84“Your Torah” means the basic concepts of the Torah itself, and “Your word” refers to ethical concepts, derived from events described in the Torah and by the Prophets.—Siach Yitzchak", "he takes to his heart.", "Truly, You are the Master of Your people", "and a mighty King to defend their cause.", "Truly, You are First", "and You are Last,85We refer to Hashem as First and Last only in order to preclude the notion that anything existed before Him, and to repudiate the idea that there is an end to His existence. We do not assert that He has a beginning or a fixed term.—Kuzari", "and besides You", "we have no king, redeemer, or deliverer.", "You redeemed us from Mitzrayim,", "Adonoy, our God,", "from the house of bondage You liberated us.", "All their firstborn You slew,", "and Your firstborn You redeemed.86See Shemos 4:22.", "The Sea of Reeds, You split,", "and the wicked, You drowned.", "You caused the beloved ones to pass through,", "while the waters covered their enemies;", "not one of them remained.", "Because of this, the beloved ones praised", "and exalted the Almighty;", "and the beloved ones offered", "hymns, songs, and praises,", "blessings and thanksgiving", "to the King, the Almighty,", "[Who is] living and enduring.", "(He is) exalted and uplifted,", "great and awesome;", "He humbles the haughty", "and raises the lowly;87Hashem humbled the Egyptians who were haughty and raised high the Jews who had been lowly captives in Egypt.", "He frees the captives", "and redeems the humble,", "(and) helps the impoverished,88Hashem also helps those who are spiritually impoverished.—Rabbi Yehuda ben Yakar", "and He answers His people", "when they cry out to Him.", "Praises to the most high Almighty", "blessed is He,89Intrinsically. and He is blessed.90By others.", "Moshe and the Children of Yisrael", "sang a song to You with great joy,", "and they all proclaimed:", "“Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy!", "Who is like You—", "[You are] adorned in holiness,", "awesome in praise, performing wonders!”", "With a new song", "the redeemed people praised", "Your Name at the seashore!", "All of them in unison", "gave thanks and proclaimed Your sovereignty,", "and said:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "Rock of Yisrael,", "arise to the aid of Yisrael,", "and liberate", "Judah and Yisrael as You promised.91As it is said, “‘And a redeemer will come to Tziyon and to those of Yaakov who repent of their transgression,’ said Adonoy” (Yeshaya 59:20).", "Our Redeemer—", "‘Adonoy Tzevaos’ is His Name,", "the Holy One of Yisrael", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who redeemed92While Hashem is always referred to as the Redeemer of Yisrael, this blessing utilizes the past tense, “Who redeemed Yisrael,” as it refers specifically to our redemption from Egypt.—Tzelosa d’Avraham
Our faith in the Redeemer of Yisrael Who redeemed us from Egypt, and our hope that He will redeem us from exile, give us the spiritual energy and courage to stand before Him, to pray and beseech Him for our needs, as we proceed to the Amidah.—Yesodos haTefillah Yisrael." ], "Amidah": [ "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.1Rabbi Yonasan Eibschitz in his sefer, Yaaros Devash, explains that upon reflecting in Whose Presence he is about to pray, man should be so overwhelmed with awe and trepidation that he is unable to open his lips. He therefore prefaces his prayer by beseeching Hashem, to open his lips, asking His help to be able to pray in His Presence.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life2Because these are days of judgment and our lives hang in the balance, we pray to Hashem to remember us for life (Rashi, Levush).", "King, Who desires life;3This is based on Yechezkel 18:32, “For I do not desire the death of him that dies, but rather that he repent from his evil ways and live.”", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,4This refers to the Book in which the righteous are inscribed for life everlasting.", "for Your sake,5We ask Hashem to grant us life for His sake, i.e., so that we can fulfill His commandments. Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King,6We proclaim and accept His Kingship on Rosh Hashana. Helper,7He helps us during the Ten Days of Penitence, by accepting our repentance. and Deliverer8He delivers us on Yom Kippur by forgiving our sins. and Shield.9On Sukkos, as His Divine Cloud of Glory, hovers over us, He shields us from spiritual and physical danger (Shaare Shomayim).", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever,10Hashem’s rule of the world is permanent and perpetual (Kuzari). my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead11Here we emphatically declare our belief in the immortality of the soul (Kuzari).", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.12Deliverance is not a sudden happening but rather a process of growth or sprouting.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.13Even if we are not worthy of life by virtue of our deeds, inscribe us for life because You are a merciful Father (Siddur Chasidei Ashkenaz).", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "And so,14The word וּבְכֵן, ‘and so,’ marks the beginning of the special prayers of the Shemoneh Esreh recited at each Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur service. According to Avudraham, the Sages chose this word to convey the thought expressed by Esther as she prepared to go before the king on behalf of her people. After telling Mordechai to assemble all the Jews to fast for three days and nights on her behalf, she said, “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ and so I will go in to the king” (Esther 4:16). Thus, since today is the Day of Judgment, as we come before the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One Blessed is He, we begin with the words uttered by Esther as she came before the king. The Siddur Maggid Tzedek quoted by Siach Yitzchak writes that the emphasis of Avudraham was on the last words of the verse said by Esther, “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת,” “And so I will go into the king, even if it is unlawful,” for which one of us can say, “I am virtuous, I have cleansed my heart from sin.” Especially on this great and awesome Day of Judgment, who among us is not embarrassed and ashamed to appear before the King of kings garbed in sackcloths of sin. If Esther who had fasted for three days in penitence and prayer in preparation for her appearance before the king was nevertheless so terribly frightened that she declared: “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת” then we should certainly tremble in awe before the presence of Hashem on this Day of Judgment, knowing deep in our hearts how little and how poorly we have prepared ourselves. Thus our Sages ordained that we open the prayers with the word וּבְכֵן recalling the words of Esther; therewith shattering our delusions of spiritual complacency, and causing us to bow before Him with broken hearts and tear-filled eyes.", "grant15The word תֵּן implies מַתָּנָה, a gift. We ask Hashem to grant us the feeling of reverence for Him, as a gift, knowing how difficult it is to attain such a high level of reverence completely on our own (Siach Yitzchak). that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,16The word מַעֲשֶׂיךָ, lit., Your works, indicates that which has attained or is near perfection. Thus Yisrael is called His works since we have accepted His Kingship and His Torah which is the fulfillment of Hashem’s creation (Siach Yitzchak).", "and Your dread upon all You have created;17All you have created, שֶׁבָּרָאתָ, indicates that which has not attained its fulfillment, thus we ask Hashem to cast His dread even on those people who have not yet accepted His Divine Kingdom (Siach Yitzchak).", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,18The nation of Yisrael will fear You.", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.19The nations of the world will finally prostrate themselves before You, i.e. submit to You and accept the yoke of Your Kingship.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,20Once all of Your works and created beings have submitted themselves to Your rule and formed a single bond to do Your will, the honor of Yisrael will be established and raised to new heights. It will then be apparent to all that Yisrael alone carried the yoke of Hashem’s kingdom throughout the bitter years of exile, giving Him obedience despite its suffering and persecution and the taunts of those who cynically asked, “Where is Your God?” (Etz Yosef).", "praise to those who fear You,21Those who fear Hashem will then be praiseworthy in the eyes of all men.", "good hope to those who seek You22Men will no longer consider as ridiculous those who seek Hashem and search for ways to serve Him.", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,23Those who wait upon Him will no longer be subdued but will voice their convictions freely.", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.24See Tehillim 132:17. The climax of this spiritual renaissance will be the restoration of our people to our land under the scepter of the Moshiach, descendant of Dovid, the anointed of Hashem.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,25The entire universe was created for the sake of Yisrael in order that Hashem’s Divine Influence be attached to it. This essence (Yisrael) was created for the sake of an even more treasured essence, namely the prophets and the pious among them. This gradation forms the basis of the sequence of the Rosh Hashana-Yom Kippur prayers: “Grant that Your awe be upon all that You have made,” is the first prayer. It is followed by, “Grant honor to Your people,” and finally by “the righteous will see this and rejoice.” Thus the righteous and pious are the purpose and fulfillment of the entire creation, the true reason for celebrating these holy days (Fundamentals of Kuzari, page 59).", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations. Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King, to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,26Our plea to Hashem is, “let Your rule become evident in all Your glory.” For we know that Hashem has reigned supreme at all times; it is only man who, until now, has failed to recognize Hashem’s rule and render Him homage. We now pray that man will at long last come to know Hashem’s eternal, universal sovereignty and pay it the tribute of unreserved obedience (S.R. Hirsch).", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,27According to Avudraham this classification refers to the very wicked who have never fulfilled a commandment, but who nevertheless have breath in their nostrils. Let them also proclaim on the Day of Judgment, that You, God of Yisrael are King!", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure", "Your holy Sabbath;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "[they who are] sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,28Even as Hashem Himself is forever true, and even as His word, the Torah and the promise revealed to us are eternally true and unalterable, so too our own service to Him should be true, unswerving and constant. For this purpose we pray for טַהֲרַת הַלֵּב, purity of heart. We must cleanse and purify our hearts of every passion and impulse that might tempt us to transgress the law or that might stand in the way of our serving Hashem (S.R. Hirsch).", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(of the Sabbath and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise", "Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us", "upon us", "Bless us, our Father,", "all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand", "and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Reader's Repetition": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Invoking the doctrines", "of our wise and understanding Sages,1The Chazzan requests permission to interrupt the blessings of Shemoneh Esreh with the insertion of the piyyutim, declaring that the custom to do so is based on the teaching of our Sages.", "and with the teachings [acquired]", "from their perceptive intuition,", "I open my mouth", "in prayer and supplication", "to plead and seek favor", "before the presence of the King,", "the King of kings—the Master of masters.", "I am awestruck", "as I begin to voice my prayer;", "as I rise to plead", "before the presence", "of Him Who is awesome and terrifying.", "I am deficient in [good] deeds,", "therefore I am in fear;", "wisdom I lack, how can I hope?", "My Creator! give me understanding—", "Your inheritance [Torah] to possess;", "strengthen me, and give me courage,", "from weakness and fear.", "Accept my prayer as the incense offering2The words כְּמַנְטִיף וּמַשְׁחִיל refer to two ingredients which are part of the קְטֹרֶת, incense offering, as stated in Shemos 30:34, נָטָף וּשְׁחֵלֶת, stacte and onycha.", "let my speech be as sweet as the honey-comb.", "Accept me as upright;", "and not as a hypocrite;", "[In behalf] of those who sent me—", "grant atonement and forgiveness.", "May my calling be sweet—", "not like the roar of a lion;3See Tehillim 91:13, עַל שַׁחַל וָפֶתֶן תִּדְרֹךְ, “You will tread upon lion and snake.” The word כְּמַשְׁחִיל in the Piyyut refers to שַׁחַל, lion.", "be receptive to those who approach You,", "crawling humble and lowly as a catepillar.", "Gracious One!", "as You promised the one [Moshe] in the cave—4See Shemos 33:22.", "listen to my cry as I begin my prayer.", "My insides are scorched", "as You search my foolish deeds;", "and from the dread of judgment,", "my soul is loathsome.5See Zecharyah 11:8.", "Should You repay my sin in full,", "my heart trembles;", "the fountains of my eyelids", "flow as streams.", "I yearn for Your righteousness and I hope;", "the righteousness of my fathers, remember,", "cause them to pray [in our behalf].", "My heart grows hot when I pray—", "It is like a fiery coal;6The word יַגְחִיל is taken from the word גַחֶלֶת, coal.", "My soul is aroused as I begin to pray.", "
The Ark is closed
", "", "", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "", "", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "
Chazzan and congregation:
", "Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations! Praise God.", "And You, Holy One,", "are enthroned upon the praises of Yisrael.", "Almighty, we beseech You.", "
The Ark is opened and the following is said responsively:
", "You are our God,", "in heaven and upon earth,", "mighty and revered!", "Surrounded with myriad angels,7See Shir Hashirim 5:10.", "He spoke and it [the world] was!", "He commanded and all was created!", "His mention [Name] is eternal!", "Life of [all] the worlds, He is of pure eyes!8Chavakuk 1:13.", "He dwells in concealment,", "His crown is deliverance!9Yeshaya 59:17.", "His garment is righteousness,9Yeshaya 59:17.", "His robe is zeal!9Yeshaya 59:17.", "He is clothed with vengeance9Yeshaya 59:17.", "His secret is uprightness!10The uprightness of the Almighty is not always revealed to us.", "His counsel is faithful, His work is truth!", "He is just and upright,", "He is near", "to those who call upon Him in truth!", "Exalted and uplifted,", "He dwells in the heavens!", "He suspends the earth in space!", "He is living and enduring,", "awesome, exalted and holy!", "
The Ark is closed.
", "When the first day of Rosh Hashana occurs on the Sabbath, see page 235", "
The following is said responsively:
", "Arouse Yourself and sound Your shofar11We ask Hashem to sound the shofar of redemption, calling our dispersed brethren to gather on His holy mountain.—Mateh Levi", "to cut off all evildoers;12This refers to those who do evil against our people.—Mateh Levi", "You will be sanctified by those13This refers to the Jewish people who know how to please Hashem with the sounding of the shofar. According to the Vilna Gaon, the sounding of the shofar is our way of proclaiming Hashem our King, similar to the sounding of trumpets at a royal coronation.", "who know the [significance", "of the] shofar’s call.", "Holy is He!", "", "", "", "", "And so", "“Adonoy was mindful of His word to Sarah14The wife of Avraham. See Bereishis 21:1.", "as He had said”;", "her children15This refers to the Jewish people who are her descendants.—also be mindful of them", "for good on this day.", "Holy is He!", "You are the King Who rescued from evil—", "those who know the shofar’s call.", "The Almighty, Holy is He!", "Revered King, recall [the ram]", "caught by its horns16See Bereishis 22:13. This refers to the ram substituted for Yitzchak as a sacrifice. We ask Hashem to recall this epic act of obedience and loyalty as a merit for us. [in the thickets]—", "to those who sound", "the ram’s horn before You on this day.", "Awesome and Holy is He!", "", "", "", "
On weekdays continue on page 240
", "
When the first day of Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, the following is said responsively:
", "And so", "“Adonoy was mindful of His word to Sarah", "as He had said”;", "her children—also be mindful of them", "for good on this day.", "Holy is He!", "His Name is glorified", "by the congregation of His bond,17See Devarim 32:9, “יַעֲקֹב חֶבֶל נַחֲלָתוֹ, Yaakov is the bond of His inheritance.”", "and He is revered by His holy angels,", "and in His Sanctuary", "His glory is proclaimed by all. Holy is He.", "Those who preserve His commandments", "will return to their stronghold", "[Yerushalayim];18See Zecharyah 9:12, “שׁוּבוּ לְבִצָרו‍ֹן אַסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה, return to the stronghold, you prisoners of hope.”", "when those who fear Him, converse", "in the intricacies of His Torah,19See Maseches Shabbos 63a.", "Adonoy listens and hears,", "and it is recorded", "in the Book of Remembrance.20See Malachi 3:16.", "Holy is He.", "Improve your ways", "and the covenant will not be annulled,", "He will give ear to your cry—", "He Who adorned the heavens—", "and it will please Adonoy", "more than a bullock,21See Tehillim 69:32.", "Holy is He.", "The tribes of Your calling,", "uplift them and grant them dominion;", "the branches of the enemy—", "cut them down and cast them away,", "for the kingship is Adonoy’s22See Tehillim 22:29. and He rules.", "Holy is He.", "May our exiles from afar", "be led up to His holy mountain", "[Yerushalayim],", "and may we glorify Him always", "in the Holy of Holies in His temple,", "for He remembered His holy word,23See Tehillim 105:42.", "Holy is He.", "All inhabitants of the world", "and dwellers of the earth,", "will proclaim continually;", "“Great wonders has Adonoy done on earth.”", "And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth,24See Zecharyah 14:9.", "Holy is He.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "He will judge the inhabitants of the world", "with righteousness,", "and nations with uprightness.", "The Almighty, Holy is He.", "He is One and who can refute Him?", "Whatever He desires, He does.", "Awesome and holy is He.", "", "", "", "
The Ark is opened and the following is said responsively:
", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "[Yisrael who is] noble and awesome,", "recognize His majesty, proclaiming:", "Adonoy is King;", "[Angels] creatures of lightning,", "bless Him, proclaiming:", "Adonoy was King;", "[the Ofanim25See Yechezkel 1:18.] mighty on high,", "attribute strength to Him, proclaiming:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "[Angels] rushing, emitting sparks proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "[Chayos, whose words of praise before God]", "are like the loud sound of a large company26See Yechezkel 1:24.", "praise Him saying:", "Adonoy was King;", "Armies of Angels and Chayos", "gather to proclaim:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "Those who remember hymns,", "melodiously proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "the wise who understand the Torah’s puzzles,", "strongly praise Him saying:", "Adonoy was King;", "[Angels], princes of the heavens,", "arrange His praise, proclaiming:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "The heirs of the precious Torah27See Devarim 33:4.", "praise Him singing:", "Adonoy is King;", "[angels] mighty in strength", "crown Him, proclaiming:", "Adonoy was King;", "[Angels] garbed in flames heartily proclaim:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "[Yisrael] whose speech is pleasant proclaim:28See Shmuel II 23:11.", "Adonoy is King;", "[Angels] of sparkling brightness", "with celestial instruments proclaim:", "Adonoy was King;", "circling Seraphim extol Him, proclaiming:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "[Yisrael] advocates of the Torah29See Tehillim 29:11. Torah is referred to as עֹז, strength. exclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "those who are awed by Your wonders", "burst forth proclaiming:", "Adonoy was King;", "the hosts of Your flock", "resoundingly proclaim:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "Holy congregations", "sanctify Him proclaiming:", "Adonoy is King;", "countless myriads of angels", "joyfully exult, proclaiming:", "Adonoy was King;", "flame-flashing angels repeatedly proclaim:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "Those who steadfastly praise Him", "constantly proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "those who stress the might of Your glory", "with perfect sincerity proclaim:", "Adonoy was King;", "those who are perfectly faithful to the Torah30See Yeshaya 8:20.", "give voice in proclaiming:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "And thus", "all acknowledge You their Sovereign,", "to the Almighty", "Who apportions judgment;", "Who examines hearts", "on the day of judgment;", "Who reveals depths [of the heart]", "in judgment;", "Who speaks uprightly", "on the day of judgment;", "Who utters knowledge in judgment;", "to Him Who is steadfast,", "and yet deals kindly on the day of judgment;", "Who recalls His covenant in judgment;", "Who has pity on His works", "on the day of judgment;", "Who purifies those who trust in Him,", "in judgment;", "Who knows the thoughts of man", "on the day of judgment;", "Who suppresses His anger in judgment;", "Who is clothed in righteousness", "on the day of judgment;", "Who forgives iniquities in judgment;", "Who is awesome in praise", "on the day of judgment;", "Who pardons those borne31See Yeshaya 46:3. “Yisrael which are borne by Me from the belly, which are carried by Me from the womb.” by Him,", "in judgment;", "Who answers those who call upon Him", "on the day of judgment;", "Who exercises His compassion in judgment;", "Who scrutinizes secrets", "on the day of judgment;", "Who acquires His servants, in judgment;", "Who has compassion on His people", "on the day of judgment;", "Who preserves those who love Him,", "in judgment;", "Who supports His perfect ones", "on the day of judgment.", "And thus", "unto You may [our] sanctification ascend,", "for You our God are King!", "
The Ark is closed
" ], "Kedushah": [ "
The congregation says and the Chazzan repeats
", "We will sanctify Your Name in the world", "just as they32They are the angels. sanctify it", "in the highest heavens;", "as is written by Your prophet,33Yeshaya 6:3", "“And they called to one another and said:", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "‘Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy Tzevaos,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "Then, with the sound of great rushing,", "mighty and strong,", "they make their voice heard,", "raising themselves up toward the Serafim,", "facing them, they say, “Boruch.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from its place.”34Yechezkel 3:12", "From Your place, our King, You will appear", "and reign over us,", "for we yearn for You—", "When will you reign in Tziyon?", "Soon, in our days,", "forever may You dwell [there].", "You will be exalted and sanctified", "within Yerushalayim, Your city", "for all generations and for all eternity.", "May our eyes behold Your Kingship,", "as it is said in the songs of Your might", "by Dovid, the anointed of Your righteousness:", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations!", "Praise God.”35Tehillim 146:10", "
The Chazzan concludes:
", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness", "and to all eternity,", "we will sanctify Your holiness.", "and Your praise, our God,", "will not depart from our mouth", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King; Great, and Holy.", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations.", "Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One." ], "Sancification of the Day": [ "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King,", "to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure", "Your holy Sabbath;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "[they who are] sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(of the Sabbath and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance." ], "Avodah": [ "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "And all the living", "shall thank You forever", "and praise", "Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "Priestly Blessings", "Our God, and God of our fathers, ", "bless us with the threefold blessing,", "of the Torah", "written by the hand of Moshe, Your servant,", "pronounced from the mouth of Aharon", "and his sons, the kohanim, Your holy people;", "as it is said:", "Adonoy bless you and guard you.", "Adonoy shine His countenance upon you", "and be gracious unto you.", "Adonoy turn His countenance toward you", "and grant you peace.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(other conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael with peace." ], "Avinu Malkenu": [ "This unique and moving prayer is recorded as having been recited by Rabbi Akiva. The Talmud (Taanis 25b) relates that Rabbi Eliezer once stepped down before the Ark and recited the 24 benedictions for fast days and his prayers were not answered. Rabbi Akiva stepped down after him and exclaimed, “Our Father, our King, we have no king except You. Our Father, our King, for Your sake have mercy on us,” and rain fell. This prayer is not recited on the Sabbath.", "
The Ark is opened:
", "Our Father, our King!36The Jewish People are referred to in Scripture as Hashem’s slaves (Vayikra 25:42), and as His children (Devarim 14:1). Thus we say to Him, “If we are Your children, we beseech You as our Father; if we are Your slaves, we implore You as our Master and King. Contrary to the view that Hashem the Father is so full of love for His children that He permits the wanton breaking of His commandments to go unpunished, Judaism knows that Hashem the King must be feared and His laws must be obeyed. There are times when a father is unable to do what he would like for his children because of physical or financial limitations. On the other hand, a king has the power to do anything for his subjects if he should so desire. We cry out to Hashem—You are our Father and You desire to help us—You are our King and You have the power to help us!", "we have sinned before You.", "Our Father our King!", "we have no King except You.37Despite our physical banishment and spiritual estrangement—the result of our sins—we still have none other than Hashem to guide our lives and to shape our destiny.", "Our Father, our King! deal with us [kindly]", "for the sake of Your Name.38See Yechezkel 36.", "Our Father, our King!", "renew for us a good year", "Our Father, our King!", "annul all harsh decrees concerning us.", "Our Father, our King!", "annul the designs of those who hate us.", "Our Father, our King!", "thwart the plans of our enemies.", "Our Father, our King!", "rid us of every oppressor and adversary.", "Our Father, our King!", "close the mouths of our adversaries", "and our accusers.", "Our Father, our King!", "remove pestilence, sword, famine, captivity,", "destruction and [the burden of] iniquity", "from the members of Your covenant.", "Our Father, our King!", "withhold the plague from Your inheritance.", "Our Father, our King!", "forgive and pardon all our iniquities.", "Our Father, our King!", "blot out and remove our transgressions", "and sins from before Your eyes.", "Our Father, our King!", "erase in Your abundant mercy", "all records of our liabilities.39Having just asked that our sins be forgiven and that our transgressions be removed from before His eyes, what are we asking for now? Our earlier pleas were for forgiveness of those sins we committed ourselves. But there are sins for which we are held accountable even though we do not commit them ourselves. One possibility is that of watching while others sin when we may have been able to prevent it. (Chazal say כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲרֵבִין זֶה לָזֶה. A guarantor is one who countersigns a debt note, undertaking to pay if the borrower defaults. Thus we ask Hashem to erase all our notes of obligation whether as borrower or guarantor. In all instances He is the Extender of credit.) Thus we beseech Hashem to erase the records of our guilt in those instances.—Siach Yitzchak", "Our Father, Our King! bring us back", "in wholehearted40Many repent out of their fear of Hashem. Others repent out of their love for Him. We beseech Hashem to bring us back in “wholehearted” repentance motivated by love, the most perfect form of penitence.—Etz Yosef repentance before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "send complete41We beseech Hashem to heal both the spiritually ill as well as the physically ill. We ask, therefore, for a “complete” healing for the sick among us.—Etz Yosef healing", "to the sick among Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "tear up the evil [parts] of our sentence.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember us favorably before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Good Life.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Redemption and Deliverance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Maintenance and Sustenance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Merits.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Pardon and Forgiveness.", "Our Father, our King!", "cause deliverance to spring forth for us soon.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Yisrael Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Your anointed.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our hands with Your blessings.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our storehouses with abundance.", "Our Father, our King!", "hear our voice,", "spare us and have compassion upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "accept", "our prayer with compassion and favor.", "Our Father, our King!", "open the gates of heaven to our prayer.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember, that we are dust.", "Our Father, our King!", "please do not turn us away", "empty-handed from You.", "Our Father, our King!", "let this hour be", "an hour of compassion", "and a time of favor before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "have compassion upon us,", "and upon our children and infants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slain for Your Holy Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slaughtered", "for [proclaiming] Your Unity.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who went through fire and water", "for the sanctification of Your Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "avenge the spilled blood of Your servants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake if not for ours.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake and deliver us.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of Your great mercy.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake", "of Your great, mighty, and awesome Name", "which is proclaimed upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "favor us and answer us", "for we have no accomplishments;", "deal with us charitably and kindly", "and deliver us.", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ] }, "Second Day of Rosh Hashana": { "The King": [ "
On the second day of Rosh Hashana, begin morning prayers on page 76.
", "The King", "Who sits on a throne", "[that is] exalted and uplifted.", "He Who dwells in eternity,", "exalted and holy is His Name.", "And it is written:", "“Joyfully exult in God, [you] righteous ones,", "for the upright, praise is fitting.", "Through the mouth of the upright,", "You are exalted,", "and with the words of the righteous", "You are blessed;", "and by the tongue of the pious,", "You are sanctified;", "and in the midst of the holy,", "You are extolled.", "And in the assemblies", "of myriads", "of Your people, the House of Yisrael;", "with joyful song", "glorified will be Your Name, our King,", "in every generation.", "For it is the duty", "of all beings, before You,", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "to thank, to extol, and to praise;", "to glorify, to exalt, and to honor;", "to bless, to elevate, and to acclaim [You,]", "even beyond all the words", "of song and praise", "of Dovid, son of Yishai,", "Your servant, Your anointed." ], "Yishtabach": [ "Rabbeinu Alfasi (Maseches Berachos 32) refers to Baruch She’amar as the opening blessing of the Pesukei Dezimrah, and Yishtabach as the concluding blessing.", "Praised be Your Name forever, our King,", "Almighty the great and holy King", "in heaven and on earth.", "For to You it is fitting [to offer]", "Adonoy, our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "song and praise, glorification and hymns,", "[to proclaim your] strength and dominion,", "victory, grandeur, and might,", "praise and glory,", "holiness and sovereignty,", "blessings and thanksgivings,", "from now, forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Almighty,", "King [Who is] great in [our] praise", "Almighty,", "of [to Whom we offer our] thanksgiving,", "Master of [Whom we praise for His] wonders,", "the Selector of song-hymns,", "King,", "Almighty,", "Life of [all] the worlds.", "
The following Psalm (130) is said responsively:
", "A Song of Ascents.", "Out of the depths", "I have called to You, Adonoy.", "My Master, hear my voice;", "let Your ears be attentive", "to the voice of my supplications.", "If You God should take account of iniquities,", "my Master, who could survive?", "For with You is forgiveness,", "in order that You be feared.", "I hope for Adonoy, my soul hopes;", "and for His word, I wait.", "My soul [waits] for my Master", "more than the watchman [waits]", "for the morning,", "[more than] the watchman [waits]", "for the morning.", "Wait, Yisrael, upon Adonoy,", "for with Adonoy there is loving-kindness,", "and with Him there is much redemption.", "And He will redeem Yisrael", "from all its iniquities.", "
The Half-Kaddish is recited by the Chazzan
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "It has become a universally-accepted custom to recite Barechu before proceeding to the blessings of Shema. Barechu, like Kaddish and Kedushah, cannot be recited unless a quorum—a minyan of ten adult males—is present. Barechu is also said by one who is called upon to read from the Torah.", "The practice of saying Barechu is mentioned numerous times in the Talmud. It is even cited in the Mishnah (Maseches Berachos 49b) in the names of Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yishmael.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Bless Adonoy Who is blessed.", "
The congregation responds and the Chazzan repeats:
", "Blessed is Adonoy, Who is blessed", "forever and ever.", "The two blessings יוֹצֵר אוֹר “Former of light” and אַהֲבָה רַבָּה “With unbound love,” are referred to as the blessings preceding Shema (Maseches Berachos 11a). According to Rambam they were formulated by Ezra and his Court (Laws of Shema 1:7).", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Former1Forming, יוצֵר, is the act of refining or modifying an original substance, whereas, creating, בּורֵא, refers to creating the original substance from nothing. For example, when one shapes a wooden table, to make it round, he “forms” the wood, the original substance which was “created.” Similarly, Hashem “forms the light” which is His act of modifying or limiting the darkness He created.—Siddur HaGra of light,", "Creator of darkness,", "Maker2Making, עושֶׂה, is the act of completion, such as when one completes a table by painting it. Similarly, Hashem’s finishing touch of creation is “making peace,” the vessel that holds it all together, as stated in the Mishnah, “Hashem found no vessel to contain blessing other than peace.” לֹא מָצָא הקב\"ה כְּלִי מַחְזִיק בְּרָכָה אֶלָא הַשָּׁלום— Siddur HaGra of peace,", "and Creator3The verse in Yeshaya (45:7) on which this blessing is based concludes with the words, “and creates evil.” In His original creation Hashem created the potential for evil, which He constantly limits and controls as the Former and Maker.—Siddur HaGra of all things.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "He illuminates the earth", "[and provides light] for those who dwell on it", "with compassion;4Hashem causes light to appear in stages, gradually. This is an act of great compassion for if He made it appear all at once, we would be overwhelmed and blinded by its brightness.— Avudraham", "and in His goodness", "renews every day, continually,5Hashem is not a far-off observer of a mechanism which He created and ignores, but a Living Ruler, Who guides the universe and continually maintains it.", "the work of creation.", "How many are Your works, Adonoy;", "You made them all with wisdom,", "the earth is full of Your possessions.6Lit., Your acquisitions: See Bereishis 14:22.", "The King Who alone is exalted from then,7I.e., before Creation. Hashem was King before all creatures were created.", "Who is praised and glorified", "and uplifted,", "from the beginning of time.8I.e., after Creation. Ever since Creation, Hashem has been praised and glorified by His creatures.", "Eternal God,", "in Your abundant mercy,", "have compassion on us,", "Master, Who is our strength,", "Rock, Who is our stronghold", "Shield, of our deliverance,", "[Be] a stronghold for us.", "The blessed Almighty, great in knowledge,", "prepared and made the rays of the sun.", "[The] Good [One] created [everything]", "for the glory of His Name:9See Yeshaya 43:7: “All that is called by My Name, I have created for My glory.”—Avudraham", "the luminaries He set", "around His strength (His throne).10The Heavenly throne is thus conceived of as surrounded by angels and all the adoring heavenly bodies.—See Yeshaya 6:12 ", "The chiefs of His hosts are holy beings,11“Holy beings” are angels. In Hebrew the word for angels means messenger, and includes all the instruments of Divine purpose, whether in human form, or in the forces of nature.—Kuzari", "the exalters of Shadai12A Name of Hashem (Bereishis 17:1; 35:11; 43:14 etc.) which refers to His setting boundaries and limits throughout creation.", "continually recount", "the glory of the Almighty", "and His holiness.", "Be Blessed, Adonoy, our God,", "for the excellent works of Your hands,", "and for the light-giving luminaries", "which You made;", "they will glorify You forever.13Those of His creatures capable of praising Him do so. The rest are evidence of His astonishing wisdom and arouse the others to praise Him.", "Be blessed, our Former,14Some render צוּרֵנוּ “our Rock.” The Gaon of Vilna, however, maintains that it refers to Hashem as our Creator, thus describing Him in the tri-epochal aspect of His Unity: past, present, and future. He was our Creator, He is our King, and He will be our Redeemer. our King,", "and our Redeemer—Creator of holy beings.15These are the Jewish People, who are sanctified in body and soul. The word Creator implies a creation of real substance—the Jewish People rather than angels.—Gaon of Vilna", "Praised be Your Name forever, our King,", "Who forms ministering angels;", "and Whose ministering angels", "all stand at the height of the Universe,", "and proclaim with reverence, in unison aloud", "the words of the living God,", "King of the Universe.", "All of them are beloved,16Beloved—there is no envy, jealousy or rivalry among them. Pure—they have no selfish or ulterior motives; they serve Hashem with all their being.—Siddur HaGra", "all of them are pure,", "all of them are mighty;", "and all of them perform", "with awe and reverence", "the will of their Possessor.", "And they all open their mouths", "in holiness and purity,", "with song and music,", "and they bless, and praise, and glorify,", "and revere, and sanctify,", "and proclaim the sovereignty of—", "the Name of the Almighty, the King,", "the Great, the Mighty, the awesome One;", "holy17Despite the attributes we use to describe Him, He remains holy—beyond our conception. is He.", "And they all take upon themselves", "the yoke18The yoke of Divine Sovereignty is borne willingly and joyfully by each creature as an emblem of his free service to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch of Divine sovereignty", "one from the other,", "and give leave to one another19They take care not to precede one another in their praise of Hashem. On the contrary, each says to the other, “You begin, because you are greater and more worthy than I.”—Avos of R’ Nosson", "to sanctify their Former", "in a spirit of serenity", "with clear speech and pleasantness,20The clear speech of the angels is the holy tongue (pure Hebrew).—Yaavetz", "all exclaim Kedushah in unison,", "and reverently exclaim:", "“Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy of Hosts,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.”21Yeshaya 6:3. Targum Yonoson paraphrases this verse: “Holy [is Hashem] in the highest heights of heaven, the abode of His Divine Presence; holy upon earth, the work of His almighty power; holy [is He] forever and for all eternity.” The Talmud, (Maseches Chulin 91b) refers to this verse as the “Sanctification of the Angels.” According to Avudraham and Yaavetz, this Kedushah has been inserted here to refute those who maintain that Hashem relinquished His control over the heavenly bodies, and they are now able to function independently. We are therefore told that all the heavenly hosts proclaim Hashem’s sanctification and dominion over all the universe.", "", "", "", "", "And the Ofanim and the holy Chayos,", "with a mighty sound rise", "toward the Serafim.", "Facing them, they offer praise and say,", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from His place.”22Yechezkel 3:12. According to the Kuzari, Hashem’s glory is a euphemism for Hashem Himself. Thus the verse means, “Blessed is Adonoy from His place,” conveying this concept: Hashem is more blessed (i.e., greater) than His place; He is not confined to any place. Another view set forth in the Kuzari is that “Hashem’s glory” includes the angels, His throne, His chariot, the firmament, and the spheres. These are called Hashem’s glory similar to a king’s retinue which is his royal splendor.", "To the Blessed Almighty,", "they23The angels. offer pleasant melodies;", "to the King, the Almighty,", "[Who is] living and enduring,", "they utter hymns", "and make praises heard.", "For He alone", "is the Performer of mighty deeds,", "Maker of new things;", "Master of battles,", "Sower of acts of righteousness,24Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair was given two measures of barley for safekeeping. The owner forgot about it for a number of years. Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair planted the barley seed, and each year replanted the previous year’s harvest until it grew to be a substantial crop. After seven years, the owner returned to claim his two measures of barley and Rabbi Pinchas told him, “Come I will show you the great fortune you have accumulated.” Hashem does the same with the good and righteous deeds of man. He sows each righteous deed, and when the person is ready to receive his reward, Hashem returns the original righteous investment plus all the accumulated dividends. Midrash Rabba, Devarim 3:6", "Causer of deliverance to sprout forth;", "Creator of cures.", "Awesome in praise, Master of wonders,", "He renews in His goodness,", "each day, continuously,25Since the blessing began with the praise of Hashem as the Former of light Who continually renews the creation, it concludes on the same note.", "the work of creation,", "as it is said: “[Give thanks to Him]", "Who makes the great luminaries,”", "for His kindness is everlasting.”26Tehillim 136:7.", "Shine a new light upon Tziyon,27We pray that we will be worthy of enjoying the original light of creation, which Hashem put aside for the righteous in the future world.—Yaavetz", "and may we all soon be privileged", "to [enjoy] its brightness.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Former of the luminaries.28When reciting this blessing, bear in mind that even though the heavenly spheres appear immense to us and we attach much importance to them because of the vital functions they perform, in the eyes of their Creator they are no greater than worms. On the contrary, His wisdom and providence are more acutely recognized in an ant or bee because, in spite of their minuteness, they are endowed with a complex of faculties and organs.—Kuzari", "In the second of the blessings that precede Shema we praise God for His goodness in giving us His Torah, and pray for His help in the study of Torah. None of our petitions for the material goods of life approaches the fervor of this prayer for knowledge of the Torah and steadfastness in obeying it.", "[With] unbounded love You have loved us29The Kuzari writes, “When reciting the blessing ‘Unbounded Love’ אַהֲבָה רַבָּה, one should bear in mind that Hashem’s Divine influence is especially directed at the Jewish People who receive it as naturally as a mirror receives rays of light. He should also bear in mind that the Torah is the expression of Hashem’s will and through it He establishes His dominion on earth as in heaven. Whenever an individual or a community attains a high degree of spiritual purity, they become worthy of receiving the Divine light to guide their destiny in a miraculous manner far removed from the ordinary course of events which affect the world. This special relationship with the Creator is called love.”", "Adonoy, our God;", "[With] great and abundant pity30Hashem bestowed His great and abundant pity on us after we sinned in making the golden calf. He not only pardoned us, but gave us the Second Tablets and ordained the construction of the Tabernacle (Mishkan) for His Divine Presence to dwell among us.—Siach Yitzchak", "have You pitied us.", "Our Father, our King!", "for the sake of our forefathers", "who trusted in You,", "and whom You taught statutes of life,", "so too, be gracious to us and teach us.", "Our Father, merciful Father,", "Who acts with compassion", "have compassion on us", "and put into our hearts", "to comprehend,", "and to be intellectually creative,", "to listen, to learn, and to teach,", "to preserve, to practice, and to fulfill31We preserve the Torah by not forgetting its teachings; we practice the commandments and we fulfill them by making them permanent parts of our lives.—Siach Yitzchak", "all the words of instruction in Your Torah", "with love.", "And enlighten our eyes in Your Torah,", "and cause our hearts to hold fast", "to Your commandments,", "and unify32Make us single-hearted and undivided in our love and reverence of Your Name. Keep us from distraction of personal thoughts and selfish motives.—Siach Yitzchak our hearts", "to love and fear Your Name;", "and may we never be put to shame,33When one has to receive a favor that is completely undeserved, he feels a sense of shame. We therefore pray to Hashem, that our redemption will not be “handed out” to us without merit and cause us to be ashamed. We proclaim that since we “trusted in His Name” and accepted the bitterness of our exile our deliverance is not totally undeserved.—Siach Yitzchak", "for in Your holy, great, and awesome Name—", "have we trusted;", "may we exult and rejoice in Your deliverance.", "And bring us to peace", "from the four corners of the earth", "and lead us upright34May we return from our exile with our heads held high, not in meekness.—Siach Yitzchak to our land.", "Because, You are the Almighty,", "Who performs acts of deliverance,35Even if we do not deserve to be saved in our own merit, save us anyhow because You perform acts of deliverance.", "and You have chosen us36At the moment Hashem gave the Torah to the Jews at Sinai, we became His chosen people and were brought close to Him for eternity.—Siach Yitzchak", "from among all peoples and tongues,", "and You have brought us close", "to Your great Name, forever in truth;", "that we may give thanks37These final words complete the prayer begun earlier: “Bring us in peace, and lead us upright to our land, so that we may give thanks to You, and proclaim Your Oneness, with love.—Siach Yitzchak to You,", "and proclaim Your Oneness, with love.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who chooses His people Yisrael with love." ], "Recitation of Shema": [ "The recitation of Shema was part of the daily worship in the Holy Temple, and our Sages ordained that it be recited in the synagogue service, providing it a central place in the morning and evening prayers of each Jew. Its importance may be judged from the fact that the very first Mishnah in the Oral Torah opens with the question, “From what time may the evening Shema be read?”", "In reading Shema, bear in mind that you are performing a Scriptural commandment. All three paragraphs should be read with kavanah, concentrated intention, on what you are saying. The entire Shema should be recited in awe and reverence as it proclaims the existence and unity of God; the Jews’ complete dedication to God and His commandments; the belief in Divine justice; the remembrance of the Exodus and the selection of the Jews as God’s Chosen People. These concepts are the pillars of the Jewish faith. Whenever this sign (°) appears (e.g. בְּכָל֯־לְ֯בָבְךָ), it indicates that you should be careful to pronounce each word distinctly. In many instances, the last letter of the first word and first letter of the second word are the same, the words might be read as one, which is not the proper way to fulfill the mitzvah of Kerias Shema.", "
The following three words should be said when praying without a minyan:
", "(Almighty, faithful King)", "Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God,", "Adonoy is One.38Devarim 6:4. It is customary to recite this verse aloud, the ear hearing what the lips utter. This helps one concentrate on the meaning of this important declaration. Interestingly, the last letter of the first word שְׁמַע and last letter of אֶחָד are written larger than the others. These two letters form the word עֵד“witness”—i.e., every Jew by saying Shema testifies to Hashem’s unity.—Avudraham
Customarily one closes his eyes when pronouncing this testimony in order to shut out all distractions, and to concentrate all one’s thought on Hashem’s unity. The last word, אֶחָד “One,” is to be said with special emphasis, drawing it out for the length of time needed to reflect that Hashem, the Giver and Sustainer of life Whose Providence guides the destinies of all men, is the unique God of Yisrael, that He is alone in His world, ruling all four corners of the universe.", "
The following three lines are to be said silently:
", "Blessed [is His] Name,", "Whose glorious kingdom", "is forever and ever.39Yaakov wished to reveal to his sons the ‘end of the days,’ whereupon the Shechinah departed from him. Said he, “Perhaps, Heaven forbid! there is one unfit among my children.” His sons exclaimed to him, “Hear Yisrael” etc., just as there is only One in your heart so is there only One in our heart. Ben Lakish explained that Yaakov said “Blessed [is His] Name” in response to his sons’ exclamation. The Sages wondered, “Shall we recite it aloud when our teacher Moshe did not say it? Shall we not say it at all, when Yaakov ordained it?” Thus the Rabbis enacted that it be said quietly.—Maseches Pesachim 56a.
When Moshe went up to the heavens, he heard the angels praise Hashem by saying, “Blessed [is His] Name, etc.” When he returned to earth, he taught it to the Jewish People. We say it in an undertone so as not to offend the angels. On Yom Kippur however, when we are considered like angels, we are permitted to say בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם aloud.—Midrash Rabba to Devarim", "And you shall love Adonoy your God", "with all your heart40Our Sages (Sifrei to Devarim 31) explain “With all your heart” to mean “With all your desires—including the evil inclination,” i.e., subject your earthly passions and ambitions to Hashem’s Law and make them instruments for His service.", "and with all your soul41The Sages (ibid.) take these words to mean “With your whole life—even to the last drop of blood.” It was such an understanding that led Rabbi Akiva to say, when the executioner was tearing his flesh with iron hooks, “All my life, I have longed for this moment. I have loved Hashem with all my heart and with all my might; and now at last, I can love Him with my whole life.” It was this concept that gave Jewish martyrs the courage to lay down their lives for their faith.", "and with all your possessions.42The Sages (ibid.) explain, “With whatever lot Providence has assigned to you,” i.e., despite whatever material sacrifice your loyalty to Hashem and to Torah might entail.", "And these words", "which I command you today,43The teachings of the Torah should be ever fresh in your minds, as though you received it today.—Ibid.", "shall be upon your heart.", "And you shall teach them sharply44See to it that your children have a clear, and not a confused, stammering knowledge of the Torah.—Ibid.", "to your children.", "And you shall discuss them", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall bind them for a sign", "upon your hand,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.45Devarim 6:5-9. This paragraph contains 10 commandments: 1) accepting the “yoke” of heaven; 2) proclaiming the Unity of Hashem; 3) loving Hashem; 4) studying Torah (and you shall speak of them); 5) teaching your children; 6-7) reciting Shema in the evening and in the morning; 8-9) putting on the tefillin of the hand and head; 10) putting up mezuzos on the doorposts.", "And it will be—", "if you vigilantly obey My commandments", "which I command you this day,", "to love Adonoy your God,", "and serve Him", "with your entire hearts46The service of the heart is prayer, as Dovid said (Tehillim 141:2) “May my prayers be acceptable to You as an incense [service].” ", "and with your entire souls—", "that I will give rain for your land", "in its proper time,47Hashem will make it rain at night so as not to cause you discomfort.—Rashi", "the early (autumn) rain", "and the late (spring) rain;48Reward and punishment are here connected with the rainfalls vital to the Land of Yisrael. The heavy rains which open the growing season in the fall and the showers which fall while the grain is ripening are of utmost importance.", "and you will harvest your grain", "and your wine and your oil.", "And I will put grass", "in your fields for your cattle,", "and you will eat and be satisfied.", "Beware lest your hearts be swayed49One who is satisfied can easily be induced to forget the Source of his fullness.—Rashi", "and you turn astray,", "and you worship alien gods", "and bow to them.", "And Adonoy’s fury will blaze among you,", "and He will close off the heavens", "and there will be no rain", "and the earth will not yield its produce;", "and you will perish swiftly50No extension will be given. The “generation of the flood” was granted a reprieve of 120 years (Bereishis 6:3) because they did not have from whom to learn; but you do have from whom to learn.—Sifrei, cited by Rashi", "from the good land", "which Adonoy gives you.", "Place these words of Mine51Even in exile you must fulfill Hashem’s commandments—Sifrei cited by Rashi", "upon your hearts and upon your souls,—", "and bind them for a sign", "upon your hands,", "and they shall be for totafos", "between your eyes.52Between your eyes is not to be taken literally. The correct position of the phylactery of the head (shel rosh) is at the edge of the hair line directly above the place which is between the eyes.", "And you shall teach them to your sons,", "to speak them53From the moment your son knows how to talk, begin teaching him the Torah.—Rashi.", "when you sit in your house,", "and when you travel on the road,", "and when you lie down and when you rise.", "And you shall write them", "upon the doorposts of your house", "and upon your gateways.", "In order that your days be prolonged,", "and the days of your children,", "upon the land", "which Adonoy swore to your fathers", "to give them [for as long]", "as the heavens are above the earth.", "And Adonoy spoke to Moshe saying:", "Speak to the children of Yisrael,", "and tell them54Rabbi Yehuda bar Chaviva said that this third section was added to Shema because of six important things contained therein: 1. the commandment of fringes, 2. mention of the Exodus, 3. the call to assume the yoke of Hashem’s commandments, 4. the warning against heretical concepts, 5. the warning against straying after sinful desires, and 6. the warning against idolatrous worship.—Maseches Berachos 12b", "to make for themselves fringes", "on the corners of their garments", "throughout their generations;", "and they will place with the fringes", "of each corner", "a thread of blue.", "And it will be to you for fringes,", "and you will look upon it", "and you will remember", "all the commandments of Adonoy,55Rabbi Meir says: “the blue thread of the fringes resembles the sea, the sea reflects the heavens, and heavens resemble the Throne of Glory” (Sifrei). The outward act of looking upon the tzitzis leads the Jew to inward spiritual conformity with the precepts of Hashem.", "and you will perform them;", "and you will not turn aside after your hearts56The heart and the eyes of a person are the agents of sin—the eye sees, the heart desires, and thus the person sins.—Tanchuma cited by Rashi.", "and after your eyes", "which cause you to go astray.", "In order that you will remember", "and perform all My commandments;", "and you will be holy unto your God.", "I am Adonoy, your God,", "Who brought you out", "of the land of Mitzrayim", "to be your God:", "I am Adonoy, your God—57Bamidbar 15:37-41.", "—is true—", "You must be careful to connect the last words of Shema, ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶם (Adonoy, your God), with the word אֱמֶת (is true) without pause or interruption so that these three words form one sentence, meaning “Adonoy your God is true” (Berachos 13a).", "
The Chazzan repeats:
", "Adonoy, your God, is true.", "The following prayer, which culminates with גָאַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, Who redeemed Yisrael, constitutes the “Blessing after Shema” mentioned in the Talmud (Maseches Berachos 11a). It is also mentioned in Maseches Tamid (32b) as part of the morning service in the Temple.", "—and firm,", "certain and enduring,", "upright and faithful,", "beloved and cherished,", "desired and pleasant,58The Jew declares his commitment to Hashem, and states that His precepts are not forced upon him. On the contrary, they are beloved, cherished, delightful and pleasant to him.—Siach Yitzchak", "awesome and mighty,", "correct59The teachings of Torah are correct in their totality. They lack nothing and are eternally valid for all situations.—Siach Yitzchak and acceptable,60Even those precepts that are not easily understood and appear to contradict human nature, are accepted by us.—Siach Yitzchak", "good and beautiful", "is this61All that was affirmed above in Shema. [affirmation] to us for all eternity.", "It is true,", "that the God of the Universe, is our King,", "the Stronghold of Yaakov", "is the Shield of our deliverance.", "Throughout the generations", "He endures and His Name endures,", "and His throne is confirmed;", "and His sovereignty and His faithfulness", "endure forever.", "His words are alive and enduring,", "faithful and desirable", "forever and to all eternity;", "for our fathers and for us,62After having affirmed that all that was said in Shema is true, firm, certain, enduring, etc., we take an oath and testify that we accept the “yoke of heaven” upon ourselves as did our fathers before us and as will our children after us, forever and ever. Thus we say in the following prayer: “For our fathers, for us, for our children and for our descendants—Your word is good and lasting—a Law that will never be abrogated.”—Kuzari", "for our children and for our generations,", "and for all generations", "of the seed of Yisrael, Your servants.", "Upon the first", "and upon the last, [generations]", "[it is] a matter that is good and everlasting.", "It is true and faithful,", "a Law that will never be abrogated.", "Truly you Adonoy, are", "our God, and the God of our fathers,", "our King the King of our fathers,", "our Redeemer, Redeemer of our fathers,", "our Former, Rock of our deliverance;", "our Liberator and our Saver", "is Your Name from old,", "there is no God but You.", "The help63The word help indicates that the recipient also participated in his rescue, whereas the words shield and deliverer indicate that the rescue was made without any help from the rescued party. Our fathers who were righteous, participated in their rescue, and Hashem “helped” them. Since we are not that righteous, Hashem shields and delivers us even though we have no merit.—Siach Yitzchak of our fathers", "You have always been.", "A Shield and a Deliverer", "to their children after them", "in every generation.", "The heights of the universe,", "is Your habitation,", "and Your judgments and Your righteousness", "[reach] to the ends of the earth.64Alternatively: “Affect mankind to the end of earthly time.” —Avudraham", "Fortunate is man", "who heeds Your commandments;", "and Your Torah and Your word65“Your Torah” means the basic concepts of the Torah itself, and “Your word” refers to ethical concepts, derived from events described in the Torah and by the Prophets.—Siach Yitzchak", "he takes to his heart.", "Truly, You are the Master of Your people", "and a mighty King to defend their cause.", "Truly, You are First", "and You are Last,66We refer to Hashem as First and Last only in order to preclude the notion that anything existed before Him, and to repudiate the idea that there is an end to His existence. We do not assert that He has a beginning or a fixed term.—Kuzari", "and besides You", "we have no king, redeemer, or deliverer.", "You redeemed us from Mitzrayim,", "Adonoy, our God,", "from the house of bondage You liberated us.", "All their firstborn You slew,", "and Your firstborn You redeemed.67See Shemos 4:22.", "The Sea of Reeds, You split,", "and the wicked, You drowned.", "You caused the beloved ones to pass through,", "while the waters covered their enemies;", "not one of them remained.", "Because of this, the beloved ones praised", "and exalted the Almighty;", "and the beloved ones offered", "hymns, songs, and praises,", "blessings and thanksgiving", "to the King, the Almighty,", "[Who is] living and enduring.", "(He is) exalted and uplifted,", "great and awesome;", "He humbles the haughty", "and raises the lowly;68Hashem humbled the Egyptians who were haughty and raised high the Jews who had been lowly captives in Egypt.", "He frees the captives", "and redeems the humble,", "(and) helps the impoverished,69Hashem also helps those who are spiritually impoverished.—Rabbi Yehuda ben Yakar", "and He answers His people", "when they cry out to Him.", "Praises to the most high Almighty", "blessed is He,70Intrinsically. and He is blessed.71By others.", "Moshe and the Children of Yisrael", "sang a song to You with great joy,", "and they all proclaimed:", "“Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy!", "Who is like You—", "[You are] adorned in holiness,", "awesome in praise, performing wonders!”", "With a new song", "the redeemed people praised", "Your Name at the seashore!", "All of them in unison", "gave thanks and proclaimed Your sovereignty,", "and said:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "Rock of Yisrael,", "arise to the aid of Yisrael,", "and liberate", "Judah and Yisrael as You promised.72As it is said, “And a redeemer will come to Tziyon and to those of Yaakov who repent of their transgression, said Adonoy” (Yeshaya 59:20).", "Our Redeemer—", "‘Adonoy Tzevaos’ is His Name,", "the Holy One of Yisrael", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who redeemed73While Hashem is always referred to as the Redeemer of Yisrael, this blessing utilizes the past tense, “Who redeemed Yisrael,” as it refers specifically to our redemption from Egypt.—Tzelosa d’Avraham
Our faith in the Redeemer of Yisrael Who redeemed us from Egypt, and our hope that He will redeem us from exile, give us the spiritual energy and courage to stand before Him, to pray and beseech Him for our needs, as we proceed to the Amidah.—Yesodos haTefillah Yisrael." ], "Amidah": [ "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.74Rabbi Yonasan Eibschitz in his sefer, Yaaros Devash, explains that upon reflecting in Whose Presence he is about to pray, man should be so overwhelmed with awe and trepidation that he is unable to open his lips. He therefore prefaces his prayer by beseeching Hashem, to open his lips, asking His help to be able to pray in His Presence.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life75Because these are days of judgment and our lives hang in the balance, we pray to Hashem to remember us for life (Rashi, Levush).", "King, Who desires life;76This is based on Yechezkel 18:32, ‘For I do not desire the death of him that dies, but rather that he repent from his evil ways and live.’", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,77This refers to the Book in which the righteous are inscribed for life everlasting.", "for Your sake,78We ask Hashem to grant us life for His sake, i.e., so that we can fulfill His commandments. Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King,79We proclaim and accept His Kingship on Rosh Hashana. Helper,80He helps us during the Ten Days of Penitence, by accepting our repentance. and Deliverer81He delivers us on Yom Kippur by forgiving our sins. and Shield.82On Sukkos, as His Divine Cloud of Glory, hovers over us, He shields us from spiritual and physical danger (Shaare Shomayim).", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever,83Hashem’s rule of the world is permanent and perpetual (Kuzari). my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead84Here we emphatically declare our belief in the immortality of the soul (Kuzari).", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.85Deliverance is not a sudden happening but rather a process of growth or sprouting.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.86Even if we are not worthy of life by virtue of our deeds, inscribe us for life because You are a merciful Father (Siddur Chasidei Ashkenaz).", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "And so,87The word וּבְכֵן, ‘and so,’ marks the beginning of the special prayers of the Shemoneh Esreh recited at each Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur service. According to Avudraham, the Sages chose this word to convey the thought expressed by Esther as she prepared to go before the king on behalf of her people. After telling Mordechai to assemble all the Jews to fast for three days and nights on her behalf, she said, “ וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ and so I will go in to the king” (Esther 4:16). Thus, since today is the Day of Judgment, as we come before the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One Blessed is He, we begin with the words uttered by Esther as she came before the king. The Siddur Maggid Tzedek quoted by Siach Yitzchak writes that the emphasis of Avudraham was on the last words of the verse said by Esther, “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת,” “And so I will go into the king, even if it is unlawful,” for which one of us can say, “I am virtuous, I have cleansed my heart from sin.” Especially on this great and awesome Day of Judgment, who among us is not embarrassed and ashamed to appear before the King of kings garbed in sackcloths of sin. If Esther who had fasted for three days in penitence and prayer in preparation for her appearance before the king was nevertheless so terribly frightened that she declared: “וּבְכֵן אָבוֹא אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא כַדָּת” then we should certainly tremble in awe before the presence of Hashem on this Day of Judgment, knowing deep in our hearts how little and how poorly we have prepared ourselves. Thus our Sages ordained that we open the prayers with the word וּבְכֵן recalling the words of Esther; therewith shattering our delusions of spiritual complacency, and causing us to bow before Him with broken hearts and tear-filled eyes.", "grant88The word תֵּן implies מַתָּנָה, a gift. We ask Hashem to grant us the feeling of reverence for Him, as a gift, knowing how difficult it is to attain such a high level of reverence completely on our own (Siach Yitzchak). that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,89The word מַעֲשֶׂיךָ, lit., Your works, indicates that which has attained or is near perfection. Thus Yisrael is called His works since we have accepted His Kingship and His Torah which is the fulfillment of Hashem’s creation (Siach Yitzchak).", "and Your dread upon all You have created;90All you have created, שֶׁבָּרָאתָ, indicates that which has not attained its fulfillment, thus we ask Hashem to cast His dread even on those people who have not yet accepted His Divine Kingdom (Siach Yitzchak).", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,91The nation of Yisrael will fear You.", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.92The nations of the world will finally prostrate themselves before You, i.e. submit to You and accept the yoke of Your Kingship.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,93Once all of Your works and created beings have submitted themselves to Your rule and formed a single bond to do Your will, the honor of Yisrael will be established and raised to new heights. It will then be apparent to all that Yisrael alone carried the yoke of Hashem’s kingdom throughout the bitter years of exile, giving Him obedience despite its suffering and persecution and the taunts of those who cynically asked, “Where is Your God?” (Etz Yosef).", "praise to those who fear You,94Those who fear Hashem will then be praiseworthy in the eyes of all men.", "good hope to those who seek You95Men will no longer consider as ridiculous those who seek Hashem and search for ways to serve Him.", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,96Those who wait upon Him will no longer be subdued but will voice their convictions freely.", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.97See Tehillim 132:17. The climax of this spiritual renaissance will be the restoration of our people to our land under the scepter of the Moshiach, descendant of Dovid, the anointed of Hashem.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,98The entire universe was created for the sake of Yisrael in order that Hashem’s Divine Influence be attached to it. This essence (Yisrael) was created for the sake of an even more treasured essence, namely the prophets and the pious among them. This gradation forms the basis of the sequence of the Rosh Hashana-Yom Kippur prayers: “Grant that Your awe be upon all that You have made,” is the first prayer. It is followed by, “Grant honor to Your people,” and finally by “the righteous will see this and rejoice.” Thus the righteous and pious are the purpose and fulfillment of the entire creation, the true reason for celebrating these holy days (Fundamentals of Kuzari, page 59).", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations. Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King, to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "sounding the shofar", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,99Our plea to Hashem is, “let Your rule become evident in all Your glory.” For we know that Hashem has reigned supreme at all times; it is only man who, until now, has failed to recognize Hashem’s rule and render Him homage. We now pray that man will at long last come to know Hashem’s eternal, universal sovereignty and pay it the tribute of unreserved obedience (S.R. Hirsch).", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,100According to Avudraham this classification refers to the very wicked who have never fulfilled a commandment, but who nevertheless have breath in their nostrils. Let them also proclaim on the Day of Judgment, that You, Hashem of Yisrael are King!", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,101Even as Hashem Himself is forever true, and even as His word, the Torah and the promise revealed to us are eternally true and unalterable, so too our own service to Him should be true, unswerving and constant. For this purpose we pray for טַהֲרַת הַלֵּב, purity of heart. We must cleanse and purify our hearts of every passion and impulse that might tempt us to transgress the law or that might stand in the way of our serving Hashem (S.R. Hirsch).", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Reader's Repetition": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Invoking the doctrines", "of our wise and understanding Sages,", "and with the teachings [acquired]", "from their perceptive intuition,", "I open my mouth in prayer and supplication", "to plead and seek favor", "before the presence of the King,", "the King of kings—", "the Master of masters.", "I come to seek Your favor,", "with a torn and turbulent heart,", "to plead for compassion,", "like a poor man at the door;", "may Your mercy prevail", "and not strict justice,", "My Master, open my lips.", "No speech is in my mouth,", "and on my tongue no word,", "yet, Adonoy, You know all [I wish to say.]", "From the depth of [my] heart,", "Your Presence, I yearn;", "let me take refuge,", "in the shelter of Your wings, forever.", "Amid terror and trembling,", "I am gripped with fear,", "I plead before His awesome Presence", "with a heavy [heart and] soul.", "In good thought and knowledge,", "I am poor and wanting,", "therefore, I cringe and I am in fear.", "I am worn out with my sighing,", "how am I to stand before You?", "For I have no good deeds,", "to gain merit in Your eyes;", "[yet] to plead before You,", "I have been sent by the congregations", "of Your people;", "guide their heart,", "let Your ears be attentive [to their prayer].", "What am I, and what is my life?", "[I am like] a worm, an insect;", "wanting in knowledge,", "and void of understanding,", "I rely on [a phrase in] the Book of Wisdom:", "“Meekness of speech turns away wrath.”", "You are my strength,", "I wait for You to uphold me,", "let Your opening words give light,", "that I may declare [my petition];", "make my cause righteous and strengthen me,", "and give me the power [of prayer],", "for You are my stronghold,", "the God of my kindness.", "Your congregations stand", "to seek Your forgiveness,", "may Your mercy be aroused,", "to have compassion on them, with Your pity;", "they pour out their hearts like water,", "unto You,", "and [You] hear them in the heavens,", "Your dwelling place.", "Strengthen Your people,", "their hands [are now] so weakened,", "send them from Yourself, help and healing;", "through Your word,1This refers to the words of Hashem, as revealed through His prophets. they will attain", "strength and might,", "all the words of God are pure and certain.", "
The Ark is closed
", "", "", "", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "", "", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "
The Ark is opened
", "I have been sent on a mission", "by Your chosen company,", "preservers of Your faith,", "Who affirm Your Unity with awed reverence;", "I have poured out my speech", "to beseech [with] prayer.", "Hear my voice, Adonoy, when I call.", "
The Ark is closed
", "", "
Chazzan and congregation:
", "Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations!", "Praise God.", "And You, Holy One,", "are enthroned upon the praises of Yisrael.", "Almighty, we beseech You.", "
The Ark is opened and the following is said responsively:
", "You are our God,", "in heaven and upon earth,", "mighty and revered!", "Surrounded with myriad angels,", "He spoke and it [the world] was!", "He commanded and all was created!", "His mention [Name] is eternal!", "Life of [all] the worlds, He is of pure eyes!", "He dwells in concealment,", "His crown is deliverance!", "His garment is righteousness,", "His robe is zeal!", "He is clothed with vengeance", "His secret is uprightness!", "His counsel is faithful, His work is truth!", "He is just and upright,", "He is near to those who call upon Him", "in truth!", "Exalted and uplifted,", "He dwells in the heavens!", "He suspends the earth in space!", "He is living and enduring,", "awesome, exalted and holy!", "
The Ark is closed:
", "
When the first day of Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, continue on page 526.
", "
The following is said responsively:
", "His Name is glorified", "by the congregation of His bond,2See Devarim 32:9. “Yaakov is the bond of His inheritance (יעקֹב חבל נחלתו‍ֹ).”", "and He is revered by His holy angels,", "and in His Sanctuary", "His glory is proclaimed by all. Holy is He.", "Those who preserve His commandments", "will return to their stronghold [Yerushalayim];3See Zecharyah 9:12", "when those who fear Him, converse", "in the intricacies of His Torah,4See Maseches Shabbos 63a", "Adonoy listens and hears,", "and it is recorded", "in the Book of Remembrance.5See Malachi 3:16", "Holy is He.", "Improve your ways", "and the covenant will not be annulled,", "He will give ear to your cry—", "He Who adorned the heavens—", "and it will please Adonoy", "more than a bullock,6See Tehillim 69:32", "Holy is He.", "The tribes of Your calling,", "uplift them and grant them dominion;", "the branches of the enemy—", "cut them down and cast them away,", "for the kingship is Adonoy’s and He rules.", "Holy is He.", "May our exiles from afar", "be led up to His holy mountain", "[Yerushalayim],", "and may we glorify Him always", "in the Holy of Holies in His temple,", "for He remembered His holy word,", "Holy is He.", "A glorious tower of strength", "will His great Name be,", "when He grants victory to His King7This refers to the מֶלֶךְ הַמָשִׁיחַ, the Moshiach King.", "strength and greatness will also be His.", "On that day,", "a great shofar will be sounded.", "Holy is He!", "All inhabitants of the world", "and dwellers of the earth,", "will proclaim continually;", "“Great wonders has Adonoy done on earth.”", "And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth,", "Holy is He.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "He will judge the inhabitants of the world", "with righteousness,", "and nations with uprightness.", "The Almighty, Holy is He.", "He is One and who can refute Him?", "Whatever He desires, He does.", "Awesome and Holy is He.", "", "", "", "
When the second day of Rosh Hashana occurs on Sunday, the following is said:
", "Arouse Yourself and sound Your shofar8We ask Hashem to sound the shofar of redemption, calling our dispersed brethren to gather on His holy mountain.—Mateh Levi", "to cut off all evildoers;9This refers to those who do evil against against our people.—Mateh Levi", "You will be sanctified by those", "who know the [significance", "of the] shofar’s call.", "Holy is He!", "", "", "", "", "You are the King Who rescued from evil—", "those who know the shofar’s call.", "The Almighty, Holy is He!", "Revered King, recall [the ram]", "caught by its horns [in the thickets]—", "to those who sound", "the ram’s horn before You on this day.", "Awesome and Holy is He!", "", "", "", "A glorious tower of strength", "will His great Name be,", "when He grants victory to His King", "strength and greatness will also be His.", "On that day,", "a great shofar will be sounded.", "Holy is He!", "", "", "", "", "Master, if we lack good deeds,", "let Your own great Name stand by us,", "and do not enter into judgment with us.", "Holy is He!", "Behold, He does not trust His holy ones,", "charging foolishness [even] to His angels,", "how then can there be justification", "for those formed of clay?", "Holy is He!", "
The Ark is opened
", "And thus He was King in Jeshurun", "
The following is said responsively:
", "Most high King! Mighty and uplifted,", "He is uplifted over all rulers,", "He says and He does,", "He is [our] stronghold and shelter,", "He is uplifted and He upholds [the universe]", "He seats kings upon a throne.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "Mighty in His mighty deeds,", "He calls each generation into being,", "He reveals hidden things,", "His words are pure,", "He knows the count of the stars,", "bringing them out at the proper time.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "Glorified by the mouths of all,", "and He is able to accomplish all,", "He is compassionate to all,", "and gives sustenance to all,", "He is hidden from the eyes of all,", "and His eyes range over all.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He remembers forgotten things,", "He scrutinizes [our] innermost parts.", "His eyes are [always] open,", "He relates [to us] our every utterance,", "He is the God of the spirits [of all flesh],", "His words are upright and just.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "Pure in His Dwelling Place,", "distinguished among His angels,", "there is no one to compare to Him", "to accomplish His work", "He set the sand as a boundary", "around the raging waves of the sea.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He gathers the waters of the sea,", "He quiets the waves of the sea,", "[at times] He causes the raging waves to roar", "with sufficient water to engulf the world;", "yet He stills them with His power,", "and they turn back and are no more.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He rules with might,", "His way [of retribution]", "is like a whirlwind and storm10This refers to the quickness of Hashem’s punishment of the wicked. See Ibn Ezra to Nachum 1:3.", "He is enwrapped in light,", "making the night bright as day,", "thick darkness conceals Him,", "yet light abides with Him.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He is concealed by thick clouds,", "He is encircled by flames,", "His chariot are the Cherubim;", "His servants are the flashes of lightning,", "the constellations and stars", "add to His praise.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He opens His hand and satisfies,", "He binds up the waters and releases them", "to water the earth with rain,", "three or four [months or periods a year];11See Amos 4:7", "day to day makes speech flow,", "uttering His praise.12See Tehillim 19:3. The daily renewal of the activities of creation, beginning with sunrise, stir mankind to proclaim Hashem’s praises.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "Holy and Awesome in wonder and reverence,", "the measurements of the earth,", "He proclaimed,", "and its cornerstone,", "He hurled down [from the heavens];", "and all that was created,", "He created for His glory.", "Forever will He reign, the most high King!", "He hears [the cries of] the needy,", "and gives ear to supplications;", "He extends [the periods of] His conciliation", "and shortens [the periods of] His anger.", "He is First", "and He is the Last.", "Forever will He reign.", "
The Ark is closed and the next two verses are said silently:
", "Earthly king,", "he perishes and descends to destruction,", "to the lower world and below;", "he is exhausted, without rest,", "how long will he reign?", "Earthly king, sleep overtakes him,", "deep slumber overtakes him;", "emptiness presses on him,", "how long will he reign?", "
The Ark is opened and the prayer concluded:
", "But, the most high King is the true judge,", "His works are true,", "He does kindness and truth,", "and He is abundant in kindness and truth,", "His path is truth", "and His seal is truth.", "Forever will He reign!", "
The Ark remains open and the following verses of praise and tribute are said responsively:
", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the heavenly angels", "with [these] words proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "all who dwell on earth,13The word שֶׁקֶט actually means serenity or stability. The earth is viewed as a stable planet.", "with blessing bless Him", "[saying]: Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] loftily affirm:", "Adonoy will be King", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the angels on high", "perceptively raise banners [proclaiming]:", "Adonoy is King;", "all the rulers of the earth:", "with praise, [declare]:", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men]", "with certainty acknowledge:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the mighty [angels] above,", "chant, with song:", "Adonoy is King;", "all who pass through the world", "praise Him for His might [declaring]:", "Adonoy was King;", "Both appropriately arrange", "[His praise saying]:", "Adonoy will be King:", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All [angels] gathered in assembly", "correctly adorn Him [proclaiming]:", "Adonoy is King;", "all who are conscientious in their customs,", "properly glorify Him, declaring:", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men]:", "studiously, [pronounce]:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the generous [angels]", "with speech, proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "all those honored with the Torah,14The word נֹעַם, pleasantness refers to the Torah “whose ways are ways of pleasantness, דְרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נֹעַם.”", "triumphantly declare:", "Adonoy was King.", "Both [angels and men] with speech affirm:", "Adonoy will be King:", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the angels of peerless wisdom,", "with everlasting praise, [proclaim]:", "Adonoy is King;", "all created beings,", "with exultation; shoutingly declare:", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] harmoniously affirm:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the fiery angels on high", "with loud voice, sanctify Him;", "Adonoy is King;", "all the leaders of song15The nation of Yisrael is referred to as the “leaders of song.” This is based on the Talmud, “the angels on high do not sing Hashem’s praises until Yisrael has completed its prayers.” See Maseches Chulin 91b.", "with exultation, sing out,", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] melodiously sing,", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the angels of precious beauty", "with might proclaim,", "Adonoy is King;", "all inhabitants of earth", "in unison proclaim His Oneness, [declaring]", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] gloriously affirm:", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the heavenly legions", "skillfully proclaim,", "Adonoy is King;", "all those adorned with the crown of Torah,16See Yeshaya 28:5", "with righteousness, declare,", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] with might, repeat,", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the mighty hosts", "with trembling proclaim:", "Adonoy is King;", "all who delight in the Torah", "strongly declare,", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men] with a tune, sing out,", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "All the holiest of angels", "sanctify Him with holiness [proclaiming],", "Adonoy is King;", "all those assembled in congregations", "with truth adorn Him [declaring],", "Adonoy was King;", "Both [angels and men]", "with sweet melody, chant,", "Adonoy will be King.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King.", "All the flaming angels,", "created daily [proclaim],", "Adonoy is King;", "all the lofty angels", "in whispers declare, Adonoy was King;", "Both alike,", "with three-fold sanctification affirm,", "Adonoy will be King:", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King.", "Adonoy will be King forever.", "And thus", "all acknowledge You their Sovereign,", "to the Almighty", "Who apportions judgment;", "Who examines hearts", "on the day of judgment;", "Who reveals depths [of the heart]", "in judgment;", "Who speaks uprightly", "on the day of judgment;", "Who utters knowledge in judgment;", "to Him Who is steadfast,", "and yet deals kindly on the day of judgment;", "Who recalls His covenant in judgment;", "Who has pity on His works", "on the day of judgment;", "Who purifies those who trust in Him,", "in judgment;", "Who knows the thoughts of man", "on the day of judgment;", "Who suppresses His anger in judgment;", "Who is clothed in righteousness", "on the day of judgment;", "Who forgives iniquities in judgment;", "Who is awesome in praise", "on the day of judgment;", "Who pardons those borne by Him,", "in judgment;", "Who answers those who call upon Him", "on the day of judgment;", "Who exercises His compassion in judgment;", "Who scrutinizes secrets", "on the day of judgment;", "Who acquires His servants, in judgment;", "Who has compassion on His people", "on the day of judgment;", "Who preserves those who love Him,", "in judgment;", "Who supports His perfect ones", "on the day of judgment.", "And thus", "unto You may [our] sanctification ascend,", "for You our God are King!", "
The Ark is closed
" ], "Kedushah": [ "
The congregation says and the Chazzan repeats
", "We will sanctify Your Name in the world", "just as they17They are the angels. sanctify it", "in the highest heavens;", "as is written by Your prophet,18Yeshaya 6:3", "“And they called to one another and said:", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "‘Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy Tzevaos,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "Then, with the sound of great rushing,", "mighty and strong,", "they make their voice heard,", "raising themselves up toward the Serafim,", "facing them, they say, “Boruch.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from its place.”19Yechezkel 3:12", "From Your place, our King, You will appear", "and reign over us,", "for we yearn for You—", "When will you reign in Tziyon?", "Soon, in our days,", "forever may You dwell [there].", "You will be exalted and sanctified", "within Yerushalayim, Your city", "for all generations and for all eternity.", "May our eyes behold Your Kingship,", "as it is said in the songs of Your might", "by Dovid, the anointed of Your righteousness:", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations!", "Praise God.”20Tehillim 146:10", "
The Chazzan concludes:
", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness", "and to all eternity,", "we will sanctify Your holiness.", "and Your praise, our God,", "will not depart from our mouth", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King; Great, and Holy.", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations. Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One." ], "Sancification of the Day": [ "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King, to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "sounding the shofar", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance." ], "Avodah": [ "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "Priestly Blessings", "Our God, and God of our fathers, ", "bless us with the threefold blessing,", "of the Torah", "written by the hand of Moshe, Your servant,", "pronounced from the mouth of Aharon", "and his sons, the kohanim, Your holy people;", "as it is said:", "Adonoy bless you and guard you.", "Adonoy shine His countenance upon you", "and be gracious unto you.", "Adonoy turn His countenance toward you", "and grant you peace.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)" ], "Avinu Malkenu": [ "This unique and moving prayer is recorded as having been recited by Rabbi Akiva. The Talmud (Taanis 25b) relates that Rabbi Eliezer once stepped down before the Ark and recited the 24 benedictions for fast days and his prayers were not answered. Rabbi Akiva stepped down after him and exclaimed, “Our Father, our King, we have no king except You. Our Father, our King, for Your sake have mercy on us,” and rain fell.", "
The Ark is opened:
", "Our Father, our King!21The Jewish People are referred to in Scripture as Hashem’s slaves (Vayikra 25:42), and as His children (Devarim 14:1). Thus we say to Him, “If we are Your children, we beseech You as our Father; if we are Your slaves, we implore You as our Master and King. Contrary to the view that Hashem the Father is so full of love for His children that He permits the wanton breaking of His commandments to go unpunished, Judaism knows that Hashem the King must be feared and His laws must be obeyed. There are times when a father is unable to do what he would like for his children because of physical or financial limitations. On the other hand, a king has the power to do anything for his subjects if he should so desire. We cry out to Hashem—You are our Father and You desire to help us—You are our King and You have the power to help us!", "we have sinned before You.", "Our Father our King!", "we have no King except You.22Despite our physical banishment and spiritual estrangement—the result of our sins—we still have none other than Hashem to guide our lives and to shape our destiny.", "Our Father, our King!", "deal with us [kindly]", "for the sake of Your Name.23See Yechezkel 36.", "Our Father, our King!", "renew for us a good year", "Our Father, our King!", "annul all harsh decrees concerning us.", "Our Father, our King!", "annul the designs of those who hate us.", "Our Father, our King!", "thwart the plans of our enemies.", "Our Father, our King!", "rid us of every oppressor and adversary.", "Our Father, our King!", "close the mouths of our adversaries", "and our accusers.", "Our Father, our King!", "remove pestilence, sword, famine, captivity,", "destruction and [the burden of] iniquity", "from the members of Your covenant.", "Our Father, our King!", "withhold the plague from Your inheritance.", "Our Father, our King!", "forgive and pardon all our iniquities.", "Our Father, our King!", "blot out and remove our transgressions", "and sins from before Your eyes.", "Our Father, our King!", "erase in Your abundant mercy", "all records of our liabilities.24Having just asked that our sins be forgiven and that our transgressions be removed from before His eyes, what are we asking for now? Our earlier pleas were for forgiveness of those sins we committed ourselves. But there are sins for which we are held accountable even though we do not commit them ourselves. One possibility is that of watching while others sin when we may have been able to prevent it. (Chazal say כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲרֵבִין זֶה לָזֶה. A guarantor is one who countersigns a debt note, undertaking to pay if the borrower defaults. Thus we ask Hashem to erase all our notes of obligation whether as borrower or guarantor. In all instances He is the Extender of credit.) Thus we beseech Hashem to erase the records of our guilt in those instances.—Siach Yitzchak", "Our Father, our King!", "bring us back", "in wholehearted25Many repent out of their fear of Hashem. Others repent out of their love for Him. We beseech Hashem to bring us back in “wholehearted” repentance motivated by love, the most perfect form of penitence.—Etz Yosef repentance before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "send complete26We beseech Hashem to heal both the spiritually ill as well as the physically ill. We ask, therefore, for a “complete” healing for the sick among us.—Etz Yosef healing", "to the sick among Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "tear up the evil [parts] of our sentence.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember us favorably before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Good Life.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Redemption and Deliverance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Maintenance and Sustenance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Merits.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Pardon and Forgiveness.", "Our Father, our King!", "cause deliverance to spring forth for us soon.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Yisrael Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Your anointed.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our hands with Your blessings.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our storehouses with abundance.", "Our Father, our King!", "hear our voice,", "spare us and have compassion upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "accept", "our prayer with compassion and favor.", "Our Father, our King!", "open the gates of heaven to our prayer.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember, that we are dust.", "Our Father, our King!", "please do not turn us away", "empty-handed from You.", "Our Father, our King!", "let this hour be", "an hour of compassion", "and a time of favor before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "have compassion upon us,", "and upon our children and infants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slain for Your Holy Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slaughtered", "for [proclaiming] Your Unity.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who went through fire and water", "for the sanctification of Your Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "avenge the spilled blood of Your servants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake if not for ours.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake and deliver us.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of Your great mercy.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake", "of Your great, mighty, and awesome Name", "which is proclaimed upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "favor us and answer us", "for we have no accomplishments;", "deal with us charitably and kindly", "and deliver us.", "
The Ark is closed:
", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "
Continue on page 263 for קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה, the Order of the Reading of the Torah, the תְּקִיעַת שׁוֹפָר, Blowing of the Shofar, for Returning the Sefer Torah to the Ark, and for the Chazzan’s Prayer (הִנְנִי הֶעָנִי).
" ] } }, "Reading of the Torah": { "Va'yehi Binsoa": [ "There is none like You", "among gods, my Master,", "and nothing like Your works.1Tehillim 86:8.", "Your Kingship is the kingship for all worlds", "and Your dominion is in every generation.2Tehillim 145:13.", "Adonoy is King, Adonoy was King,", "Adonoy will be King forever and ever.", "Adonoy will give strength to His people", "Adonoy will bless", "His people with peace.3Tehillim 29:11.", "Father of compassion!", "Do good, as You see fit, to Tziyon.", "May You rebuild the walls of Yerushalayim.", "For in You alone do we trust,", "King,", "Almighty,", "Exalted and Uplifted, Master of worlds.", "
When the Holy Ark is opened, the following is said:
", "And whenever the Ark traveled", "Moshe would say: “Rise, Adonoy", "and let Your enemies be scattered,", "and those who hate You, flee before You.”4Bamidbar 10:35.", "For from Tziyon will go forth the Torah,", "and the word of Adonoy from Yerushalayim.5Yeshaya 2:3.", "Blessed is He Who gave the Torah", "to His people Yisrael in His holiness.", "
On Shabbos, continue “Blessed is the Name” on page 266.
", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on weekdays say the following verse three times:
", "Adonoy, Adonoy,", "Almighty, Compassionate, and Gracious,", "Slow to anger", "and Abounding in kindness and truth.", "He preserves kindness", "for thousands of generations,", "forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin,", "and He cleanses [the penitent].6Shemos 34:6, 7.", "
and then add:
", "Master of the universe!", "Fulfil my request for good,", "gratify my wishes and grant my request.", "Forgive all my iniquities,", "and all the iniquities of my family,", "with forgiveness of lovingkindness", "and compassion.", "Purify me of my sins,", "my iniquities and my transgressions.", "Remember us favorably before You,", "and be mindful of us", "for deliverance and compassion.", "Remember us for a good, long life", "of peace, of maintenance and sustenance.", "Give us bread to eat,", "clothes to wear, and wealth and honor;", "give us long life to meditate in Your Torah,", "and to fulfill its commandments;", "[give us] intelligence and understanding", "to understand and be intellectually creative", "in comprehending its profound concepts.", "Send healing for all our sorrows,", "and bless all the work of our hands.", "Ordain for us good decrees", "of deliverances and comforts,", "and remove from us", "all harsh decrees.", "Cause the hearts of government leaders,", "their advisors and officers,", "to be favorably inclined toward us.", "Amein! And may this be Your will.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "
The following verse is then said three times:
", "But as for me,", "may my prayer to You, Adonoy,", "be at a favorable time;", "God, in the abundance of Your kindness,", "answer me with the truth of Your deliverance.7Tehillim 69:4.", "
The following prayer is said every Shabbos and on every Yom Tov
" ], "Berich Shemei": [ "The following prayer is taken from the Zohar (Parshas Vayakhail), the basic text of Kabbalah which was written by the Mishnahic sage Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. The Zohar states, “When the Torah is taken out to be read before the congregation, the heavenly gates of mercy are opened, and the Divine love is aroused; therefore one should say the following prayer.", "Blessed is the Name", "of the Master of the Universe.", "Blessed is Your crown and Your place.", "May Your good will [be]", "with Your people Yisrael forever.", "The redemption of Your right hand,", "show Your people in Your Holy Temple.", "Bestow on us Your excellent light,", "and accept our prayer with compassion.", "May it be Your will", "to prolong our lives in well-being.", "Let me be counted", "among the righteous,", "so that You will have compassion on me", "and protect me and all that is mine,", "and all that belongs to Your people, Yisrael.", "You are He", "Who nourishes all and maintains all;", "You are He Who rules over all;", "You are He Who rules over kings,", "and the kingdom is Yours.", "I am a servant", "of the Holy One, blessed is He,", "I bow before Him", "and before the honor of His Torah", "at all times.", "Not in man do I put my trust,", "nor do I rely on any angel;", "but only in the God of heaven", "Who is the true God,", "Whose Torah is truth,", "Whose prophets are true,", "and Who performs many deeds", "of goodness and truth.", "In Him I put my trust", "and to His holy, honored Name", "I utter praises.", "May it be Your will", "to open my heart to Torah,", "and to fulfill the desires of my heart", "and of the heart of Your people Yisrael", "for goodness, for life, and for peace.", "
The Chazzan takes the Torah and says the following verses, each of which is repeated by the congregation.
", "Hear Yisrael, Adonoy is our God,", "Adonoy is One.", "One is our God, great is our Master;", "holy and awesome is His Name.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Declare the greatness of Adonoy with me,", "and let us exalt His Name together.", "
The Congregation responds:
", "Yours, Adonoy, is the greatness, the might,", "the glory, the victory, and the beauty,", "for everything in heaven and on earth", "[is Yours]; Yours, Adonoy, is the kingdom,", "and You are uplifted over all rulers.", "Exalt Adonoy, our God", "and prostrate yourselves at His footstool,", "Holy is He.", "Exalt Adonoy, Our God", "and prostrate yourselves", "at His holy mountain", "for Adonoy, our God, is holy.", "", "May the Father of mercy have compassion", "on the people borne8See Shemos 19:4, “You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings.” See Yeshaya 46:3, “Yisrael which are borne by Me from the belly, which are carried by Me from the womb.” by Him,", "and may He remember", "the covenant with the patriarchs;", "may He rescue our souls", "from evil times;", "and may He rebuke the Evil Impulse", "from those who have been carried8See Shemos 19:4, “You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings.” See Yeshaya 46:3, “Yisrael which are borne by Me from the belly, which are carried by Me from the womb.” by Him;", "and may He graciously grant us", "eternal survival;", "and fulfill our requests", "in beneficent measure,", "[for] deliverance and compassion.", "
When the Torah is unrolled, the Reader says:
", "May He help, shield, and deliver", "all who take refuge in Him,", "and let us say: Amein.", "Let us all ascribe greatness to our God", "and give honor to the Torah.", "Let the Kohein come forward.", "Arise, son of , the Kohein,", "Blessed is He Who gave the Torah", "to His people, Yisrael, in His holiness.", "
The Congregation responds:
", "And you who cling to Adonoy, Your God,", "are all alive today.", "
(The following blessings are recited by every person called to the Torah.)
", "
The Kohein walks up to the Torah, and says:
", "Blessed Adonoy, Who is blessed.", "
The Congregation responds and the Kohein repeats:
", "Blessed is Adonoy, Who is blessed, ", "forever and ever.", "
The Kohein says:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who chose us from among all the peoples", "and gave us His Torah.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy, Giver of the Torah", "
After the Torah is read, the Kohein says:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who gave us the Torah of truth,", "and implanted eternal life within us.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy, Giver of the Torah", "
The above blessings are recited by every person called to the Torah.
" ], "Reading of the Torah for the First Day": [ "Bereishis 21:1-34", "
For the Torah reading for the second day of Rosh Hashana, turn to page 275.
", "The account of the birth of Yitzchak is read on the first day of Rosh Hashana because it was then decreed in heaven that Sarah should give birth to a son.", "And Adonoy considered Sarah as He had said; and Adonoy did for Sarah as He had spoken. Sarah conceived and gave birth to Avraham’s son in his old age, at the designated time that God had declared. And Avraham named the son that was born to him, to which Sarah had given birth, Yitzchak. And Avraham circumcised his son Yitzchak when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.", "Avraham was one hundrerd years old when his son Yitzchak was born to him. And Sarah said, “God has made me laugh, all who hear will laugh with me.” And she said, “Who would have said to Avraham, that Sarah would nurse children? For I have given birth to a son in his old age.” And the child grew and was weaned, and Avraham made a great feast on the day that Yitzchak was weaned. And Sarah saw that the son which Hagar, the Mitzrayimian, had born unto Avraham, was mocking.9According to some, Sarah saw Yishmael commit three of the worst possible sins, adultery, idolatry, and murder. A very different opinion is expressed by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai who said, “Heaven forbid that such sins would have been committed in Avraham’s house.” (Yishmael was fourteen years old at the time.) He maintains that Yishmael’s mockery consisted of his claiming the premier right of inheritance over Yitzchak. She said to Avraham, “Drive out this slave woman and her son; for the son of this slave woman will not share the inheritance with my son Yitzchak. But the matter appeared extremely bad in the eyes of Avraham on account of his son.10It was very difficult for him to drive Yishmael away from his house. Avraham was kind-hearted to all; even more so to his own flesh and blood. Having to drive away his son was the worst thing that every happened to Avraham (Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer). And God said to Avraham, “Do not consider this bad for the boy and for your slave woman; regarding all that Sarah tells you, listen to her, for only through Yitzchak will offspring be called unto you.", "And also the son of the slave woman will I make into a nation, for he is your offspring.”And Avraham got up early in the morning, took bread and a skin (pouch) of water, gave it to Hagar, placing it on her shoulder with the lad, and sent her away; she went and lost her way in the desert of Beer Sheba. The water in the skin was used up,11Although Avraham had given them sufficient food and water to reach their destination, Yishmael contracted an illness, and suffering from fever, he consumed all the water (Rashi). and she threw the lad under one of the bushes. She went and sat facing him, about the distance of a bowshot away, for she said, “Let me not see the death of the lad”; and she sat facing him and wept in a loud voice. And God heard the voice of the lad,12According to Targum Yonassan, Hashem had compassion on Yishmael, and heard his voice because of Avraham’s merit. Others say that Yishmael also had merit, since he allowed his father to circumcise him when he was a grown lad of thirteen years. and an angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What is the matter with you, Hagar? Do not fear, for God has heard the voice of the lad in the place where he is.”13As Hashem was about to spare Yishmael, certain angels argued that he did not deserve miraculous intervention because of the following event that was to occur in the future: When Nebuchadnezzar drove the Jews from Yerushalayim to Babylonia, eighty thousand young kohanim, (priests) fled to the Yishmaelites. They said, “We are brothers, all we ask is some water to quench our thirst. The Yishmaelites first gave them generous helpings of salt fish, saying that it was not good to drink on an empty stomach. Since they were nearly starving, they ate the fish, which made them all the more thirsty. When they asked for water, the Yishmaelites gave them skins filled with air. When they took them to their lips, the pressure exploded their stomachs, killing many of them.
The angels said, “The descendants of Yishmael are destined to do such a wicked thing to Your children, killing them with thirst. How can You now save Yishmael, since he himself is also wicked? “I know,” replied the Almighty, “but I judge a person only according to what he is now, and at this point in time, Yishmael doesn’t deserve to die of thirst. See Rashi, Targum Yonassan. “Arise, lift up the lad, and strengthen your hand over him, for I will make him a great nation.” And God opened her eyes and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the lad to drink. And God was with the lad and he grew up; and he settled in the desert and he became an expert archer. He settled in the desert of Paran, and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Mitzrayim.", "It was at this time that Avimelech and Pichol, his general, spoke to Avraham, saying, “God is with you in all that you do.” “And now, swear to me here, by God, that you will not deal falsely with me, with my son or my grandson; according to the kindness that I have done with you, do unto me and to the land in which you have lived a while.” And Avraham said, “I will swear.” And then Avraham reprimanded Avimelech regarding the well of water that Avimelech’s servants had taken by force. And Avimelech said, “I don’t know who did this thing, neither did you tell me, and I also heard nothing of it until today.” And Avraham took sheep and cattle and gave them to Avimelech, and the two of them made a covenant.", "And Avraham set seven ewes of the flock apart, by themselves. And Avimelech said to Avraham, “What is the reason for these seven ewes that you have set apart?” And Avraham said, “these seven ewes, you will accept from me, so that it will be proof for me that I dug this well.” Therefore he called that place Beer Sheba, because there, the two of them took an oath. They made a covenant in Beer Sheba; then Avimelech and Pichol, his general, arose and returned to the land of the Philistines. And Avraham planted an eshel14According to some commentaries, the word אֵשֶׁל is an abbreviation of אַכִילָה (food), שְׁתִיָה (drink) and לְוִיָה (escort), which were part of the generous hospitality provided by Avraham. tree in Beer Sheba, and there he proclaimed the Name of God, Almighty of the universe. And Avraham lived in the land of the Philistines for many days.", "Please turn to page 278 for the reading of the Maftir and to page 280 for the Haftarah" ], "Reading of the Torah for the Second Day": [ "Bereishis 22:1-24", "After these events, God tested Avraham and said to him, “Avraham!” and he [Avraham] said, “Here I am.” He said, “Please, take your son, your only one, whom you love — Yitzchak — and go to the land of Moriah, and bring him up as a burnt-offering on one of the mountains which I will designate to you. Avraham awoke early in the morning, saddled his donkey, and took his two attendants with him. and also his son Yitzchak. He split the wood of the burnt-offering, and rose up, and went to the place that God had designated to him.", "On the third day, Avraham lifted his eyes and saw the place from afar. Avraham said to his attendants. “You stay here with the donkey, and I and the boy will go to that place. We will prostrate ourselves [in worship] and return to you.” And Avraham took the wood of the burnt-offering and placed it on his son Yitzchak. In his hand he took the fire and the knife, and they both went together. Yitzchak spoke to Avraham his father and said, “Father,” and he said, “Here I am my son.” He said, “Here are the fire and the wood but where is the lamb for the burnt-offering?” Avraham said, “God Himself will show the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” And the two of them went together.", "They came to the place that God had designated to him, and Avraham built the altar there and arranged the wood, and bound his son Yitzchak and placed him on the altar on top of the wood. Avraham reached out his hand and took the knife to slaughter his son. An angel of Adonoy called to him from heaven and said, “Avraham! Avraham!” and he said, “Here I am.” He [God] said, “Do not harm the boy, nor do anything to him; for now I know that you are one who fears God and have not withheld your son, your only one, from Me.” Avraham raised his eyes and beheld a ram after it had been caught in the thicket by its horns; and Avraham went and took the ram, and brought it up as a burnt-offering instead of his son. Avraham called the name of that place, “Adonoy will see”; as it is said [to] this day “On Adonoy’s mountain, He will be seen.”", "An angel of Adonoy called to Avraham a second time from heaven, and said, “‘I have sworn by Myself,’ declares Adonoy, ‘that because you performed this deed, and did not withhold your only son, I will greatly bless you and make your descendants numerous as the stars of the sky and like the sand on the seashore, and your descendants will inherit the gate of their enemies. Through your children, will be blessed all the nations of the world because you heeded My voice.’” Avraham returned to his attendants, and they rose and went together to Beer Sheva, and Avraham dwelt in Beer Sheva.", "And it was after these events that it was told to Avraham, “Behold, Milkah also has had children from Nachor, your brother. Utz his first born; and Booz, his brother; and Kmuel, the father of Aram. And Kessed, Chazo, Pildash, Yidlof, and Bethuel. And Bethuel fathered Rebbeca; these eight children, Milkah bore to Nachor, Avraham’s brother. His (Nachor’s) concubine was named Reumah, and she too gave birth, to Tevach, Gacham, Tachash and Ma’achah.", "
When the reading of the Torah is concluded, the Half Kaddish is recited by the Reader. The Torah is raised so that the congregation can see the script, and the congregation exclaims:
", "This is the Torah which Moshe placed", "before the children of Yisrael.", "at Adonoy’s command by the hand of Moshe.", "It is a tree of life", "to those who grasp to it,", "and those who support it are fortunate.", "Its ways are ways of pleasantness,", "and all its paths are peace.", "Long life is at its right,", "at its left, riches and honor.", "Adonoy desired,", "for the sake of His righteousness,", "to make the Torah great", "and to glorify it." ], "Maftir Reading from the Second Sefer Torah": [ "On the seventh month, the first day of the month shall be for you a day of holy assembly, and all work of labor you shall not do; a day of sounding the shofar it shall be for you. And you shall prepare a burnt-offering for a pleasing savor to Adonoy; one young bullock, one ram, seven male yearling lambs without blemish. And their meal-offering of fine flour mixed with oil; three tenths [of an epha] for the bullock, two tenths for the ram. And one tenth for each lamb, for the seven lambs. And one he-goat for a sin-offering; to make atonement for you. These are in addition to the burnt-offering of Rosh Chodesh and its meal- offering, and their [wine] libations as prescribed; [all these will be for] a pleasing savor, a burnt-offering to Adonoy.", "
When the reading of the Maftir is concluded, the Torah is raised so that the congregation can see the script, and the congregation exclaims:
", "This is the Torah which Moshe placed", "before the children of Yisrael.", "at Adonoy’s command by the hand of Moshe.", "It is a tree of life", "to those who grasp to it,", "and those who support it are fortunate.", "Its ways are ways of pleasantness,", "and all its paths are peace.", "Long life is at its right,", "at its left, riches and honor.", "Adonoy desired,", "for the sake of His righteousness,", "to make the Torah great", "and to glorify it." ], "Berachos for the Haftarah": [ "The Haftarah, a selected reading from the Prophets, usually contains some reference to the text or theme of the Sidrah, the Torah Reading, which precedes it. According to Avudraham, the recitation of the Haftarah, was instituted during the period of persecution preceding the revolt of the Maccabees, when the actual Torah reading was prohibited. Readings from the Prophets were then substituted in order to review some of the teachings contained in the Torah itself. The word הַפְטָרָה is derived from the root פטר, which means to discharge or conclude. By reading the Haftarah, we conclude the reading of the Torah.", "
Berachah recited before the reading of the Haftarah:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who chose good prophets,15The true prophet must be genuinely tov “good” and a friend to all men both in his attitude and in his conduct. The heart of a true prophet in Yisrael must be capable of genuine rejoicing when individuals and mankind flourish, and of sincere sorrow when they go into decline. The Jewish prophet stands in the service of tov of the kingdom of the absolute good whose messanger he is meant to be.—S.R. Hirsch", "and was pleased with their words16The prophet is given only the basic content of the ideals which he is to proclaim. The words in which he expresses the theme communicated to him however, are his own. According to the Sages אֵין שְׁנֵי נְבִיאִים מִתְנַבְּאִין בְּסִגְנו‍ֹן אֶחָד, each prophet has a style, peculiar to him alone, hence a prophet requires the gift of eloquence. Hashem chooses as His prophets only such men whose words are נֶאֱמָרִים בֶּאֱמֶת, spoken in truth.—S. R. Hirsch", "which were spoken in truth.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who chooses the Torah", "and Moshe, His servant,", "and Yisrael, His people,", "and the prophets of truth", "and righteousness." ], "Haftarah for the First Day of Rosh Hashana": [ "I Shmuel 1-2:10", "And there was a certain man from Ramathaim-Zophim, the hills of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Yerocham, the son of Eliyhu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuf, a distinguished man. And he had two wives; one named Hannah and the other, Peninah. And Peninah had children but Hannah had no children. And this man went up from his city, from year to year, to prostrate himself and offer sacrifices to the Adonoy of Hosts, in Shiloh. And there, the two sons of Eli, Chophni and Pinchas, were priests to Adonoy. And on the day when Elkanah offered sacrifices, he gave portions to Peninah, his wife and to all her sons and daughters. And to Hannah, he gave a double portion because he loved Hannah, though Adonoy had closed up her womb. And her rival taunted her bitterly to provoke her, because Adonoy had closed up her womb. And as he did so from year to year; whenever she came up to the House of Adonoy she provoked Hannah who wept and would not eat.", "And Elkanah, her husband, said to her: “Why do you weep? And why won’t you eat? Why is your heart grieved? Am I not better to you than ten sons?” And Hannah arose after they had eaten and drunk in Shiloh, and Eli, the Priest, sat on the chair near the door-post of the Temple of Adonoy. And she was bitterly grieved and prayed to Adonoy and wept. And she vowed a vow and said: “Adonoy of Hosts if You will see the anguish of Your handmaid and remember me and will not forget Your handmaid and will give Your handmaid a son—then I will give him to Adonoy all the days of his life and no razor shall touch his head.” And she prayed so long before Adonoy, that Eli observed her mouth. But Hannah spoke in her heart; only her lips moved but her voice was not heard. And Eli thought her to be a drunkard. And Eli said to her: “How long will you remain drunk? Free yourself from your need of wine!” And Hannah answered and said: “No, my master, I am a woman of grieved spirit; I have not drunk any wine or other intoxicating drinks. But I have poured out my soul in the presence of God. Do not take your handmaid for a wicked woman; it is only because of my sorrow and grief that I have spoken until now.”And Eli answered and said: “Go in peace! And may the God of Yisrael grant you that which you asked of Him.” And she said: “May your servant find grace in your eyes.” And the woman went on her way and she ate and she was no longer grieved.", "And they arose early in the morning and prostrated themselves before Adonoy and returned to their home in Ramah. And Elkanah knew Hannah, his wife, and Adonoy remembered. And in the course of days, Hannah conceived and bore a son and she called him Shmuel, because from Adonoy I asked for him. And the man Elkanah and his entire household went up to offer the yearly sacrifice and to fulfill his vows to Adonoy. But Hannah did not go up, for she told her husband: “When the boy is weaned, I will bring him to appear before Adonoy and he will remain there forever.” And Elkanah, her husband, said to her: “Do what is best in your eyes; stay here until you wean him and may Adonoy fulfill the word that was said of him.” And the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him. And she took him up with her, after she weaned him, along with three bullocks and an ephah of flour and a bottle of wine. And she brought him to the House of Adonoy at Shiloh, when he was still a young boy. And they slaughtered the bullock and brought the child to Eli. And she said: “Please, my master. I am the woman who stood here with you to pray to Adonoy. I prayed for this boy and Adonoy gave me what I asked of Him. And I have therefore loaned him to Adonoy; for as long as he lives, he is loaned to Adonoy.” And he prostrated himself there to Adonoy. And Hannah prayed and said: My heart exults in God; my horn is raised through Adonoy. My mouth is opened wide against my enemies, because I rejoice in Your deliverance. ", "There is none as holy as Adonoy, for nothing else exists besides You; nor is there any rock like our God. Do not talk so much, so haughtily; nor let arrogance come out of your mouths; For Adonoy is a God of knowledge, and He weighs all of man’s actions. The bows of the powerful are broken, while the feeble are girded with strength. Those that were sated must hire themselves out to labor for bread, while those who were hungry no longer toil. While the barren woman has born seven children, she with many children languishes. Adonoy causes death and gives life; He brings down to the grave but also brings up therefrom. Adonoy impoverishes and makes rich; He lowers and He raises up. He raises up the poor from the dust, lifts up the needy from the dunghill, to seat them with nobles, and they inherit the throne of honour; for the foundations of the earth are Adonoy’s and He has set the world of man upon them. He will guard the footsteps of His pious ones, but the wicked will be silenced in darkness; for not by might shall man prevail. Those that strive against Adonoy shall be broken to pieces; Adonoy will thunder against them in the heavens. He will judge the ends of the earth and give strength to His king and raise up the horn of His anointed." ], "Haftarah for the Second Day of Rosh Hashana": [ "Yirmiyahu 31:2-20", "Thus spoke Adonoy: The people that survived the sword17This refers to the armies of Egypt and Amalek.—Rashi found favour in My eyes; in the desert, on their way to seek rest in the land of Yisrael. From afar, Adonoy appeared to me, saying: I have loved you with everlasting love; therefore I have drawn you to Me with affection. I shall build you again and then shall you be rebuilt, maiden of Yisrael; once again you shall adorn your drums and go forth in the dances of the merry. Once again, you shall plant vineyards in the hills of Samaria; the planters shall plant them and redeem them.18This refers to the fruits of the fourth year after planting which must be eaten in Yerushalayim or redeemed with money. The money is then spent in Yerushalayim on foodstuff.—Metsudas Dovid Because there will come the day when the watchmen on the mountains of Ephraim will call out: Arise, and let us go up to Tziyon, to Adonoy, our God. For thus spoke Adonoy: Sing joyously for Yaakov and shout joyously from the hilltops of the nations; make it known; praise and proclaim: Adonoy, deliver Your people, the remnant of Yisrael. I shall bring them from the north country19This refers to Babylonia. and I shall gather them from the ends of the earth; the blind and the lame among them, pregnant women and nursing mothers, together; a large gathering shall return, here.", " They shall come weeping;20Weeping in this sense indicated that they will be moved to tears by their prayers and repentance.—Rashi I will lead them with supplications; I will guide them along streams of water, on a straight path upon which they shall not stumble—because I am a Father to Yisrael and Ephraim is my firstborn. Hear the words of Adonoy, you nations, and speak of it in far-off islands and say: He who scattered Yisrael will gather them and He guards them as a shepherd guards his flock. For Adonoy has redeemed Yaakov and freed him from a hand mightier than his (own). And they shall come and sing joyously from the heights of Tziyon and they shall stream towards the goodness of Adonoy; to the corn, the wine, the oil, the sheep and the cattle. And their soul shall be like a well-watered garden and they shall no longer have to worry.", "Then the maiden shall rejoice in dancing and the young men and the old, together and I will change their mourning into joy and I shall comfort them and make them rejoice from their sorrow. And I shall satiate the souls of the priests with fatness21During the Exile, the Kohanim were deprived of their share of the sacrifices and tithes. Upon the deliverance of the people, they will again receive their due. and My nation shall be satisfied with My goodness, says Adonoy. For thus spoke Adonoy: A voice is heard on high, crying and lamenting bitterly; it is Rachel weeping over her children, refusing to be comforted, for they are gone. For thus spoke Adonoy: Refrain (your voice) from crying and your eyes from shedding tears; for there is a reward for your deeds, said Adonoy; and they shall return from the land of the enemy. And there is hope for your future, said Adonoy; and the sons shall return to their borders.", "I have heard Ephraim reproaching himself, saying: You have punished me, and I have been chastised, like an untrained calf; bring me back to You and I shall return, for You, Adonoy, are my God. After I repented, I regretted,22The sinner regrets the sins of the past. and after I examined myself, I struck my thigh; I am ashamed and disgraced because of the sins of my youth. Ephraim is a precious son to Me; a child in whom I delight. For when I speak of him, I remember him more; therefore I long for him and shall surely have compassion on him, said Adonoy.", "
Berachos recited after the reading of the Haftarah:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Rock of all the worlds,", "Righteous in all generations,", "the Almighty, the Faithful One,", "Who says and does,", "Who speaks and fulfills,", "for all His words are true and right.", "Dependable are You, Adonoy, our God,", "and dependable are Your words,", "and not one of Your words", "is ever retracted unfulfilled,", "for You are the Almighty,", "a King who is dependable and merciful.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the Almighty", "Who is dependable in all His words.", "Have compassion on Tziyon", "for it is the home of our life,", "and the one whose soul is humiliated,23This is the People of Yisrael, which is humiliated in exile. According to Avudraham and the siddur of Rav Amram Gaon, the text reads: וְלַעֲגוּמַת נֶפֶשׁ which would mean “the one whose soul is grieved.”", "deliver speedily, in our days.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who causes Tziyon to rejoice", "with her children.", "Cause us to rejoice, Adonoy, our God,", "with Elijah the prophet, Your servant,", "and with the kingdom of the House of Dovid,", "Your anointed.", "Speedily may he come", "and cause our heart to exult.", "Upon his throne, no stranger24“Stranger” in this context means anyone not of the seed of Dovid. shall sit,", "and others will no longer inherit", "his honor.", "For by Your Holy Name,", "You swore to him,", "that his light will never be extinguished.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Dovid.", "For the Torah, for the Divine Service", "for the Prophets,", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(and for this Sabbath Day)", "and for this Day of Remembrance", "which You gave us, Adonoy, our God,", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(for holiness and for rest,)", "for honor and for glory.", "For all this, Adonoy, our God,", "we thank You,", "and bless You;", "blessed be Your Name", "by the mouth of all the living", "continually forever.", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(of the Sabbath and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on weekdays, continue on page 292.
", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, say:
" ], "Yekum Purkon": [ "May there arise deliverance from Heaven—", "favor, kindliness, compassion,", "long life,", "ample sustenance, Heavenly assistance,", "physical health, good vision,25Others translate נְהוֹרָא מַעַלְיָא as “higher (or true) enlightenment.”", "and living, thriving children,", "children who will not interrupt", "nor desist from studying", "the words of the Torah—", "For our masters, and our sages,", "the holy fellowships,", "in the land of Yisrael and in Babylonia.", "For the heads of Torah assemblies,26The Sages often use the word כַּלֵי in reference to Agadic lectures, and thus רֵישֵׁי כַלֵי would be translated as the chief lecturers, (דַרְשָׁנִים). Torah assemblies כַּלֵי were held during the months of Adar and Elul in order to inspire the people and instruct them concerning the approaching holidays of Pesach, the High Holidays, and Sukkos.", "for the heads of the communities in exile,", "for the heads of the yeshivos,", "and for the judges in the gateways;27Judges used to hold court within the gates.", "for all their disciples,", "and for all the disciples of their disciples,", "and for all who occupy themselves", "with Torah,", "the King of the Universe will bless them,", "prolong their lifespans, increase their days,", "and give length to their years.", "And they will be delivered", "and saved from all distress", "and from all severe illness.", "The Master in heaven, will help them", "at all times and at every season.", "And let us say Amein.", "May there arise deliverance from Heaven—", "favor, kindliness, compassion,", "long life,", "ample sustenance, Heavenly assistance,", "physical health, good vision,", "and living, thriving children,", "children who will not interrupt", "nor desist from studying", "the words of Torah—", "for this entire holy congregation,", "adults, and children,", "infants and women.", "The King of the Universe will bless you,", "prolong your lifespans,", "increase your days,", "and give length to your years.", "And you will be delivered", "and saved from all distress", "and severe illness.", "The Master in heaven, will help you", "at all times and at every season", "and let us say Amein.", "He Who blessed our fathers,", "Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov,", "will bless", "this entire holy congregation", "together with all the holy congregations,", "them, their wives", "and their sons and their daughters,", "and all that belong to them.", "Whoever dedicates synagogues", "for prayer,", "and whoever enters them to pray,", "and whoever donates lamps for lighting,", "wine for Kiddush and Havdalah,", "food for wayfarers, charity for the poor;", "and whoever occupies himself", "with the needs of the community—", "in a faithful manner—", "The Holy One, blessed is He,", "will pay them their reward,", "remove from them all sickness,", "heal their entire body,", "pardon all their iniquities,", "and send blessing, and success", "upon all the work of their hands,", "together with all of Yisrael, their brethren,", "and let us say, Amein." ] }, "Sounding of the Shofar": [ "According to Rav Saadiah Gaon the Almighty commanded us to sound the shofar on Rosh Hashana for these ten reasons:", "1) Rosh Hashana corresponds to the first day of creation and the shofar proclaims the sovereignty of the Creator. We are obliged to coronate God as King on this day in the manner written by Dovid, “בַּחֲצֹצְרוֹת וְקוֹל שׁוֹפָר הָרִיעוּ לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ ה', With trumpets and the sound of shofar, call out in the presence of the King, Almighty” (Psalms 48:6).", "2) Rosh Hashana is the beginning of the Ten Days of Repentance and the shofar calls the people to amend their lives before the final judgment of Yom Kippur. It was customary for rulers to issue a final warning to their subjects before punishing them for violating their decrees. Similarly, the shofar represents God’s last warning to His people to repent.", "3) The sounding of the shofar recalls the revelation of the Torah on Mount Sinai. The Torah was given to us amid blasts of the shofar, as it is written, “וְקוֹל שׁוֹפָר חָזָק מְאֹד,” the sound of shofar was most powerful” (Shemos 19:16), and the people accepted it saying “We will do and we will listen.”", "4) The shofar brings to mind the warnings and exhortations of the prophets which are likened to the blasts of the shofar, as it is said, וְשָׁמַע הַשֹׁמֵעַ אֶת קוֹל הַשׁוֹפָר וְלֹא נִזְהָר וַתָּבוֹא חֶרֶב וַתִּקָּחֵהוּ דָמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ יִהְיֶה ... וְהוּא נִזְהָר נַפְשׁוֹ מִלֵט. He who hears the sound of the shofar and does not take warning, the sword come ands takes him away, his blood will be upon his own head ... but he who heeds warning will save his soul. (Yechezkel 33:4,5).", "5) The shofar reminds us of the destruction of the Holy Temple which was destroyed amid the sounding of enemy trumpets, as it is said: כִּי קוֹל שׁוֹפָר שָׁמַעַתְּ נַפְשִׁי תְּרוּעַת מִלְחָמָה—“For you have heard the sound of the shofar, O my soul, the shouts of battle (Yirmiyahu 4:19); and when we hear the shofar on Rosh Hashana, we pray to God to restore the Temple to its former glory.", "6) The shofar recalls the willingness of Yitzchak to be sacrificed on the altar in obedience to God’s command to Avraham. We pray that with the sounding of the shofar his great deed will be recalled by the Almighty as a source of merit to his descendents.", "7) It is the nature of the shofar’s sound to arouse the heart to awe and reverence. Thus when we hear the shofar, we tremble and humble ourselves before the presence of God.", "8) The shofar reminds us of the ultimate Day of Judgment, as it is said, “קָרוֹב יוֹם ה' הַגָדוֹל, קָרוֹב וּמַהֵר מְאֹד—יוֹם שׁוֹפָר וּתְרוּעָה” “The great day of Almighty is near, it is near and rapidly approaching—a day of the shofar and shouting” (Tzefanyah 1:14, 16).", "9) The shofar inspires us with hope for the ultimate ingathering of our people and their deliverance from exile, as it is said, “וְהָיָה בַּיוֹם הַהוּא יִתָּקַע בְּשׁוֹפָר גָדוֹל וּבָאוּ הָאֹבְדִים בְּאֶרֶץ אַשׁוּר וגו' And it will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded; and those who were lost in the land of Ashur ... will come and prostrate themselves before Adonoy on the holy mountain in Yerushalayim.” (Yeshaya 27:13)", "10) The shofar reminds us of the future resurrection of the dead and it reaffirms our faith that God will revive the dead which will be heralded with the sounding of the shofar.", "This Psalm (47) is recited seven times prior to the sounding of the Shofar. The Name, אלהים, which refers to God’s manifestation, as One Who rules with strict justice, appears in this psalm seven times. Thus we mention the Name אלהים forty-nine times as a prelude to the sounding of the Shofar. Our sages have said that there are forty-nine levels of spiritual impurity before one reaches the lowest depth, from which no salvation is possible. On the other hand, there are forty-nine ascending levels of intellectual sanctity which man can attain. In reciting this psalm we pray for the blast of the Shofar to arouse God’s mercy to overcome His manifestation of strict justice. We also pray for the sound of the shofar to inspire us to climb from the forty-ninth level of spiritual impurity, to rise to the forty-ninth level of sanctity.", "To the Chief Musician,", "A psalm of the sons of Korach.", "All peoples, clap hands!1According to Rashi, this psalm urges the nations of the world to join hands in recognizing the sovereignty of the Almighty.", "shout to God", "with the voice of joyous song.2The words הָרִיעוּ לֵאלֹהִים may also be translated, “sound blasts of the horn unto Hashem.” The Malbim notes that it is customary to sound trumpets during a royal coronation ceremony. This is what the nations will do when they proclaim Hashem as their King. (See Rav Saadiah Gaon’s first reason for the shofar on Rosh Hashana.)", "For Adonoy is Most High, awesome;", "a great King [is He] over all the earth.", "He subdues peoples under us,", "and nations under our feet.", "He chose for us our inheritance,", "the pride of Yaakov3The pride of Yaakov refers to the Holy Temple which is our inheritance, and wherein Hashem’s spirit resides in glorious splendor.", "which He loves forever.", "God has ascended with a blast—", "Adonoy, with the sound of the shofar.4According to Midrash this verse alludes to the blast of the Shofar on Rosh Hashana, and specifically to the sound of תְּרוּעָה, teruah, the broken blast which symbolizes the harsh, shattering punishment of Elokim, He Who rules with strict justice. When the Jew hears the broken notes of the teruah, he realizes that he deserves shattering punishment for his transgressions and is inspired to teshuvah, true repentance. His sins are forgiven and this forgiveness is symbolized in the ascendance of Hashem from His Throne of Strict Justice (Elokim) to sit on His Throne of Mercy. Thus Hashem ascends because of the teruah sound of the shofar.", "Sing praises to God, sing praises;", "sing praises to our King, sing praises.", "For King of all the earth is God,", "sing praises [you who are] skillful.5Even ordinary people are urged to clap hands and call out to Hashem with joyous song (verse 2), but the art of singing praises to Hashem is reserved for the מַשְׂכִּיל, one who is skillful and of superior intelligence.", "God has reigned over all nations,", "God is seated upon His holy throne.", "The nobles of the nations gathered6Rabbeinu Yonah says that the נְדִיבֵי עַמִים refers to the heads of the twelve tribes of Yisrael, for the twelve tribes are called nations (see Devarim 33:19).", "the nation of the God of Avraham;", "for God has the power to shield the earth,7Hashem has the power to shield those who trust in Him (Rashi).", "He is greatly exalted.", "
The following verses are said responsively:
", "From the narrowness [of distress]", "I called [to God,]", "He answered me", "with the breath of Divine relief.", "
The first letters of the following six verses in the Hebrew text form the words קְרַע שָׂטָן, cut off the accuser.
", "You have heard my voice;", "do not shut Your ear", "to my [prayer for] relief, to my cry.", "The beginning of Your word is truth", "and forever are all Your righteous mandates.", "Be surety for Your servant for good", "let me not be oppressed by insolent sinners.", "I am happy with Your word", "like one who finds great gain.", "Good Torah reasoning and knowledge", "teach me", "for in Your commandments I have believed.", "[With] the offerings of my mouth", "be pleased, I beseech You, Adonoy;", "and Your mandates, teach me.", "
The one who sounds the shofar says:
", "“God has ascended with a blast—", "Adonoy, with the sound of the shofar.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who sanctified us with His commandments", "and commanded us", "to hear the sound of the shofar.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who has kept us alive and sustained us", "and brought us to this season.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "
These verses are said responsively:
", "Psalms 89:16-18", "Fortunate is the people", "that understand8The Psalmist does not say that the people who hear the call of teruah but rather those who understand the call of teruah, are fortunate. Those who understand the intrinsic power of teruah which inspires man to repent are truly fortunate. the call of teruah", "Adonoy,", "in the light of Your Presence, they walk.9The Radak says that the man who is spiritually aroused by the blast of the teruah, perceives Divine truths which illuminate his path and keep him from stumbling.", "In Your Name they exult all the day", "and through Your righteousness,", "they are uplifted.", "For the glory of their might is You,", "and through Your favor, our horn is exalted.", "Fortunate are those who dwell", "in Your house;", "may they continue to praise You, Selah.", "Fortunate is the people whose lot is thus;", "fortunate is the people", "for whom Adonoy is their God.", "A praise by Dovid!", "I will exalt You, my God, the King,", "and bless Your Name forever and ever.", "Every day I will bless You", "and extol Your Name forever and ever.", "Adonoy is great and highly extolled,", "and His greatness is unfathomable.", "One generation to another", "will praise Your works,", "and Your mighty acts they will declare.", "The splendor of Your glorious majesty,", "and the words of Your wonders I will speak.", "Of Your awesome might, they will speak,", "and Your greatness I will recount.", "Mention of Your bountifulness", "they will express,", "and in Your righteousness joyfully exult.", "Adonoy is gracious and merciful,", "slow to anger and great in kindliness.", "Adonoy is good to all,", "His mercy encompasses all His works.", "All Your works will thank You, Adonoy,", "and Your pious ones will bless You.", "Of the honor of Your Kingship,", "they will speak,", "and Your might they will declare.", "To reveal to men His mighty acts,", "and the glorious splendor of His Kingship.", "Your Kingship is the kingship for all times,", "and Your dominion is in every generation.", "Adonoy supports all the fallen,", "and straightens all the bent.", "The eyes of all look expectantly to You,", "and You give them", "their food at its proper time.", "You open Your hand", "and satisfy the desire of every living being.", "Adonoy is just in all His ways", "and benevolent in all His deeds.", "Adonoy is near to all who call upon Him,", "to all who call upon Him in truth.", "The will of those who fear Him, He fulfills;", "He hears their cry and delivers them.", "Adonoy watches over all those who love Him,", "and will destroy all the wicked.", "Praise of Adonoy, my mouth will declare", "and all flesh will bless", "His Holy Name forever and ever.", "And we will bless God", "from now forever.", "Praise God.", "
The Chazzan takes the Torah and says:
", "They will praise the Name of Adonoy", "for His Name alone is exalted.", "
The congregation then says:
", "His majesty is over the earth and the skies.", "He will raise the might of His people,", "[which is] praise for all His pious ones,", "for the Children of Yisrael,", "the people near to Him.", "Praise God.", "
On weekdays, continue:
", "A Psalm of Dovid:", "the earth is Adonoy’s and the fullness thereof,", "the inhabited world and those who dwell in it.", "For He founded it upon the seas,", "and established it upon rivers.", "Who may ascend the mountain of Adonoy,", "and who may stand", "in the place of His holiness?", "The clean of hands and the pure of heart,", "who has not borne My soul in vain,", "and has not sworn deceitfully.", "He will bear Adonoy’s blessing", "and righteousness", "from the God of his deliverance.", "This is the generation of those who seek Him,", "the seekers of Your Presence,", "[God of] Yaakov, selah.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and be uplifted", "[you] entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and lift up, entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, selah.", "
Continue with “And when it rested,” on page 303.
", "
On Shabbos, say:
", "A Psalm to Dovid.", "Ascribe to Adonoy—you sons of the mighty—", "ascribe to Adonoy glory and might.", "Ascribe to Adonoy the glory due His Name,", "prostrate yourselves before Adonoy", "in the splendor of holiness.", "Adonoy’s voice is upon the waters.", "Almighty of glory thunders,", "Adonoy is upon [the] many waters.", "The voice of Adonoy is in power,", "the voice of Adonoy is in beauty.", "The voice of Adonoy breaks cedars,", "Adonoy shatters", "the cedars of Lebanon.", "He makes them leap like a calf,", "Lebanon and Sirion like unicorns.", "The voice of Adonoy hews out flames of fire.", "The voice of Adonoy", "makes the desert tremble,", "Adonoy makes the desert of Kadesh tremble.", "The voice of Adonoy causes hinds to calve,", "and strips the forests bare;", "and in His Sanctuary", "all proclaim [His] glory.", "Adonoy sat enthroned (even) at the flood,", "Adonoy is enthroned as King forever.", "Adonoy will give strength to His people;", "Adonoy will bless His people with peace.", "
As the Torah is returned to the Ark the following is said:
", "And when it rested, he would say:", "Return, Adonoy,", "to the myriads and thousands of Yisrael.", "Arise, Adonoy unto Your resting place,", "You and the Ark of Your strength.", "Let Your priests", "clothe themselves in righteousness,", "and let Your devoted ones sing in joy.", "For the sake of Dovid, Your servant,", "do not reject Your anointed.", "For I have given you good instruction,", "do not forsake My Torah.", "It is a tree of life to those who grasp it,", "and those who support it are fortunate.", "Its ways are ways of pleasantness", "and all its paths are peace.", "Cause us to return to You, Adonoy,", "and we shall return;", "renew our days as of old." ], "Musaf": { "Hineni": [ "
This prayer is said by the Chazzan before the Musaf Service.
", "Behold, I stand here,", "impoverished in good deeds,", "perturbed and frightened", "in fear [of Him,]", "Who is enthroned upon the praises of Yisrael.", "I have come to stand and to plead before You", "in behalf of Your people, Yisrael,", "who have appointed me their messenger;", "even though I am not worthy", "or qualified for the task.", "I therefore beseech You, God of Avraham,", "God of Yitzchak and God of Yaakov;", "Adonoy, Adonoy,", "Almighty, Compassionate and Gracious,", "God of Yisrael,", "Shaddai, Eminent and Awesome,", "please, help me succeed in the mission", "which I have undertaken", "to stand [before You] and to seek mercy", "for myself", "and for those who have appointed me.", "Do not hold them responsible for my sins,", "nor condemn them for my iniquities,", "as I am a sinner and a transgressor.", "Let them not be disgraced", "through my transgressions;", "may they not be ashamed of me,", "nor may I be ashamed of them.", "Accept my prayer", "as the prayer of one who is mature", "and experienced [in prayer],", "and as one who is respected,", "whose beard is full-grown,", "whose voice is pleasant,", "and who is pleasing to his fellow man.", "Rebuke Satan that he not accuse me,", "and may our assembling", "[be acceptable] to You with love;", "and may all [our] transgressions", "be covered over with [Your] love.", "All our troubles and afflictions;", "please turn them for us and all Yisrael", "into happiness and joy,", "life and peace.", "May they love truth and peace,", "and may there be no impediment", "in my prayer.", "And may it be Your will, Adonoy,", "God of Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high, Almighty,", "[Who is known by the Name]:", "“I am that I am”", "that all the angels", "who convey prayers,", "may they bring my prayers", "to the presence of Your glorious throne,", "and present them to You", "for the sake of all those who are", "righteous, pious and upright,", "and for the sake of Your glorious Name,", "[which is] great and awesome;", "for You hear the prayers", "of Your people, Yisrael, with compassion.", "Blessed are You", "Who hears prayers.", "", "
The Chazzan recites the Half-Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein." ], "First Day of Rosh Hashana": { "Amidah": [ "When I proclaim Adonoy’s Name", "attribute greatness to our God.", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake,1When saying the words, “לְמַעַנְךָ אֶלֹקִים חַיִים,” “for Your sake living God,” you might offer this silent prayer: Master of the Universe, because we believe in the absolute unity of Your Name, that You alone are the living God, and there is nothing besides You, it is fitting and proper that You inscribe us in the Book of Life.—Yesod V’shoresh HaAvodah Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.2The Divine deliverance of our people will not come about in a sudden, dramatic fashion, but rather as a gradual development, as a plant that sprouts forth in stages.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.3The Chasam Sofer says that זו‍ֹכֵר יְצוּרָיו לְחַיִים בְּרַחֲמִים does not mean that we ask Hashem to remember us for life in His mercy, but rather that He grant us חַיִים שֶׁל רַחֲמִים, a life of mercy, a life in which we will exemplify the quality and virtue of compassion.", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,4When saying these sentences, bear in mind these words: “How long has Your great, sacred Name been desecrated among the nations as they taunt us, asking, “Where is Your God? Why doesn’t He come to your aid?” Therefore, let Your awe be upon all Your works, Your dread upon all You have created, so they may all know there is no God but You, and thus will Your Name be exalted and sanctified even among the nations.—Yesod V’Shoresh HaAvodah", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,5The ultimate sanctification of Hashem’s great and holy Name over the nation of Yisrael will have a tremendous impact on all peoples and will result in their spiritual uplifting for they will be inspired to fear Hashem, and subject themselves to His rule.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, (Yalkut Yedeos HaEmes)", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.5The ultimate sanctification of Hashem’s great and holy Name over the nation of Yisrael will have a tremendous impact on all peoples and will result in their spiritual uplifting for they will be inspired to fear Hashem, and subject themselves to His rule.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, (Yalkut Yedeos HaEmes)", "And may they all form a single band6The Divine inspiration of Hashem, Who is One, the Unity par excellence, can only be experienced by an entity, united, in a single cause. The nation of Yisrael, though composed of individuals, is nevertheless a unit, bound by its singular belief in Hashem and Torah. Thus we are referred to as גוֹי אֶחָד בָּאָרֶץ one nation in the land, and as such, we are capable of receiving and retaining the Divine influence. The nations of the world however are many, and the diversity within each nation is great. In their present status they are incapable of experiencing the Divine inspiration. We pray, therefore, for the time when they will attach themselves to the nation of Yisrael, and recognize the superiority of our moral and spiritual values. Then, they will attain a level of unity and be capable of receiving a degree of Divine enlightenment. This is the intent of our prayer, “and may they all form a single band.”—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid.", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,7Those who understand and recognize the mysterious ways in which Hashem rules the world, realize that despite superficial events that seem to indicate otherwise, Hashem’s rule is indisputable and all powerful. Thus we declare our firm belief in His rulership and His strength.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,8Despite our status as a chosen and holy people, only when the entire world reaches its ultimate perfection, will we achieve our ultimate goal. Thus only after Hashem’s kingdom is revealed in the world, and good triumphs over evil, will we reach our maximum potential and thereby bask in His glory. This is our prayer, “grant honor, Almighty, to Your people.”—R. Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid.", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,9The only setting for this glorious fulfillment is in the Holy Land—there in the chosen land, will the chosen people experience its true spiritual fulfillment, under the leadership of the king, a descendant of the chosen house of royalty, the house of Dovid.", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant10The literal translation of קֶרֶן is horn, but it is often translated pride because the horn is the pride of the animal.", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous11According to Pri Tzadik, the righteous are those who serve Hashem with meticulous observance of Torah and Mitzvos even without experiencing the inner joy and radiance of serving Him. They will therefore be privileged to see and rejoice in the time to come. will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright12The upright are those whose hearts are filled with joy at serving their Creator through the fulfillment of Torah and Mitzvos. They will therefore be jubilant at the revelation of Hashem’s kingdom.—Pri Tzadik will be jubilant,", "and the pious13The pious are those whose attachment to Hashem is so great that they serve Him in ways which are even beyond and above the precisely ordained commands of the Torah. They will be privileged to exult in joyous song at the time to come. will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil14The terms, injustice, all wickedness and rule of evil refer to Amalek, the archenemy of the Jewish people and of Hashem. Its name and memory will ultimately be obliterated from the earth.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone15And thus will begin the kingdom of Hashem on earth, which is the ultimate goal of man’s development through the ages and which centers forever in Yerushalayim and Tziyon.—S.R. Hirsch", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations.", "Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice16“When is Hashem exalted through justice?” The Talmud answers, “He is exalted during the ten days from Rosh Hashana until Yom Kippur.”—Berachos 12b", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.17When saying “the King, the Holy One” bear in mind, that it is impossible for a human being to conceive or imagine His holiness.", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;18You have designated us for a specific task and destiny.", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;19Your love for us was made manifest when You took us out of Egypt.", "You exalted us above all tongues,20We were exalted above all tongues when we received the Torah at Sinai, when Hashem chose our tongue as the most suited language for the revelation of His Torah.—S.R. Hirsch", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King,", "to Your servitude21By giving us Your Torah, You have become our King and so have permitted us to draw near to You as Your loyal servants.—S.R. Hirsch", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.22By shaping all of our life’s values and by Your evident guidance of our destinies, You have made us the bearers of Your Name.—S.R. Hirsch", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance23In the Torah, (Vayikra 23:24) Rosh Hashana is described with the words יִהְיֶה לָכֶם שַׁבָּתו‍ֹן זִכְרו‍ֹן תְּרוּעָה. We are thus taught that it is both a day of זִכָּרו‍ֹן, remembrance, and תְּרוּעָה, a day of sounding the teruah. Rav S.R. Hirsch writes that both terms are addressed to us. We are told that we must stop and thoughtfully reexamine the paths we have followed, just as our Creator remembers us, and examines our past conduct. With the blast of the shofar we are summoned to break with our past errors and to abandon everything in our lives that does not meet with Hashem’s favor.", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar23In the Torah, (Vayikra 23:24) Rosh Hashana is described with the words יִהְיֶה לָכֶם שַׁבָּתו‍ֹן זִכְרו‍ֹן תְּרוּעָה. We are thus taught that it is both a day of זִכָּרו‍ֹן, remembrance, and תְּרוּעָה, a day of sounding the teruah. Rav S.R. Hirsch writes that both terms are addressed to us. We are told that we must stop and thoughtfully reexamine the paths we have followed, just as our Creator remembers us, and examines our past conduct. With the blast of the shofar we are summoned to break with our past errors and to abandon everything in our lives that does not meet with Hashem’s favor.", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating", "the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "But because of our sins,", "we were exiled from our land,", "and driven far away from our soil;", "and we are unable,", "and to perform our obligatory offerings", "in Your chosen House,", "in the great and holy House", "upon which Your Name is proclaimed,", "because of the hand [of violence]", "that was sent against Your Sanctuary.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "merciful King,", "to once again have compassion on us", "and on Your Sanctuary", "in Your abundant mercy;", "and rebuild it soon", "and greatly enhance its glory.", "Our Father, our King!", "reveal the glory of Your Kingship", "upon us soon,", "appear and be uplifted over us", "before the eyes of all living things.", "Bring near our scattered [people]", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of the earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with everlasting joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices—", "the daily [burnt] offerings in their order,", "and the Musaf offerings", "according to their rule.", "And the Musaf offerings of", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(this Shabbos day and)", "this Day of Remembrance", "we will prepare and bring before You", "with love", "according to the command of Your will;", "as You wrote for us in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(“And on the Sabbath day [the offering is]:", "two male yearling lambs without blemish;", "two tenths [of an epha] of fine flour", "for a meal-offering,", "mixed with the [olive] oil, and its libation.”", "[This is] the burnt-offering for every Sabbath,", "in addition to the daily burnt-offering", "and its libation; [wine-offering].)24Bamidbar 28:9-10.", "And in the seventh month,", "on the first day of the month,", "a day of holy assembly it shall be for you,", "all work of labor, you shall not do;", "a day of blowing [the shofar]", "it shall be for you.", "And you will prepare a burnt-offering", "for a pleasing savor to Adonoy;", "one young bullock,", "one ram,", "seven yearling lambs,", "without blemish.25Bamidbar 29:1-2.", "And their meal-offerings and libations", "as stated:", "three tenths [of an epha of fine flour]", "for the bullock,", "two tenths for the ram,", "and one tenth for each lamb,", "and wine according to each libation;", "and two he goats for atonement,", "and the two daily burnt-offerings", "according to their law.", "[These are] besides", "the burnt-offering of Rosh Chodesh", "and its meal-offering,", "and the daily burnt-offering", "and its meal-offering;", "and their drink offering according to their law.", "for a pleasing savor,", "an offering consumed by fire to Adonoy.26Bamidbar 29:3-6.", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(They will rejoice in Your Kingship—", "those who preserve the Sabbath—", "and call it a delight.", "The people who sanctify the seventh [day]", "will all be satisfied", "and delighted with Your goodness.", "And the seventh [day]—", "You took pleasure in it,", "and You hallowed it.", "“Most desirable of days,” You called it—", "a commemoration of the work of creation.)", "Introduction to מַלְכֻיּוֹת, זִכְרוֹנוֹת, וְשׁוֹפָרוֹת", "The major portion of the Musaf service, is based on the three concepts: מַלְכֻיּוֹת, namely, that God reigns over the world and we accept His rule; זִכְרוֹנוֹת, that He remembers as He reviews our past; and שׁוֹפָרוֹת, that we are called upon to follow Him into a new future of Torah obedience and fulfillment. These thoughts are impressed upon us in the Musaf service by means of detailed references from the Bible. For each of these three concepts we are given ten Biblical quotations, three from the Torah, three from Sacred Writings, (כְּתוּבִים), and three from the Prophets, (נְבִיאִים). The final quotation is again taken from the Torah; for the Torah is the exclusive, basic source of all Jewish truth, and neither the Writings or the Prophets contain any thought that is not contained in some form in the Torah. Thus these series of quotations both begin and end with quotations from the Torah itself. In keeping with the Talmudic principle, מַעֲלִין בַּקוֹדֶשׁ וְלֹא מוֹרִידִין “that one must always proceed upward and forward, and never backward and downward with respect to things holy,” the quotations from the Writings precede those from the Prophets; for while the Writings are only the product of sacred inspiration, רוּחַ הַקוֹדֶשׁ, the words of the Prophets are the actual, direct, Divine revelation. Thus in this sequence, that which is written in the Writings is confirmed by the Prophets and sealed by the Torah.", "The prayer of עָלֵינוּ sets the tone of מַלְכֻיּוֹת for it declares our acceptance of God as our Master and Creator. It concludes with the proclamation that all men will eventually accept upon themselves the yoke of His Kingdom.", "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator of [the world in]", "the beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory", "is in the heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftier heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true, all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth;", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize, and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear allegiance to You.", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will accept upon themselves", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“He beheld no iniquity in Yaakov,", "nor did He see wrongdoing in Yisrael;", "Adonoy, His God is with him,", "and the love of the king is among them.”27Bamidbar 23:21. These words were uttered by Bilaam when he was asked to curse the nation of Yisrael. He realized that Yisrael was a unique nation in the eyes of Hashem, their King, and thus were invulnerable to his curses.", "And it is said:", "“And He was King in Yeshurun,", "with the gathering of the heads of the people,", "the tribes of Yisrael were united.”28Devarim 33:5. Rashi says that Hashem was King of Yisrael only when the tribes of Yisrael were united. When there is unity and harmony among Jews, the kingdom of Hashem is revealed and enhanced.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“For the kingship is Adonoy’s,", "and He rules over nations.”29Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna", "And it is said:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself in majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has also firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”30Tehillim 93:1.", "And it is said:", "“Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and be uplifted", "entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and lift up entranceways to eternity,31The words וּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and lift up entranceways to eternity,” imply that the gates of the Temple will lift up voluntarily, whereas the earlier words וְהִנָשְׂאוּ פִתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and be uplifted entranceways to eternity” suggests that the gates must be uplifted against their will. The Siach Yitzchak quoting Malbim explains that initially Hashem was referred to as the King of Glory because He appeared as strong and mighty in battle, forcing the wicked to bend to His will. Therefore, the gates do not open willingly to permit the glory of Hashem to enter, and must be opened by force. Ultimately, however, the world will be so spiritually saturated that it will recognize Hashem’s greatness as the Creator of all. The gates will open by themselves to welcome Hashem, not as One mighty in vengeance but as the masterful Creator of the world.", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, Selah.”32Tehillim 24:7-10.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“Thus said Adonoy,", "King of Yisrael and its Redeemer,", "Adonoy Tzevaos:", "‘I am the first and I am the last;33Yeshaya 44:6. According to the Kuzari, “first” is used to preclude the notion that anything existed before Him, but not to assert that He has a beginning. Similarly, “last” is used only to repudiate the idea that there is an end to His existence, not to fix a term for Him.", "and beside Me, there is no God’.”34Yeshaya 44:6.", "And it is said:", "“And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon", "to judge the mount of Esav,", "and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.”35Ovadyah 1:21.", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day", "Adonoy will be One and His Name One.”36Zecharyah 14:9. In messianic times, Hashem will be recognized as the One and only God by all nations, and they will accept Him willingly, proclaiming His unity.", "And in Your Torah it is written:", "“Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God", "Adonoy is One!”37Devarim 6:4.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You have formed it.", "And they will say", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure", "Your holy Shabbos;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "they who are sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(of Shabbos and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "
The following prayers and Scriptural readings form the portion of Shemoneh Esreh; referred to as, זִכְרוֹנוֹת—Remembrances.
", "You remember", "the dealings of [men in] today’s world,", "and You [also] consider the behavior", "of all those who lived in earlier times.38These four lines are translated according to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza (the Rebbe of Rashi) and Avudraham.", "In Your Presence are revealed", "all hidden things", "and the multitude of secrets", "from the beginning of creation;", "for there is no forgetfulness", "before the throne of Your Glory,", "and there is nothing hidden from Your eyes.", "You remember all that has been done,39According to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, כָּל הַמִּפְעָל refers to “all that has been done by man,” or it might also imply “all that has been done by Hashem” and thus indicates that Hashem remembers all His creatures. Whereas the first part of the prayer deals with man and his actions, כָּל הַמִּפְעָל refers to all the inanimate things such as the earth and its produce.—Avudraham", "and even all that which is formed40According to Avudraham these words refer to those who are yet unborn.", "is not concealed from You.", "All is revealed and known before You", "Adonoy, our God", "Who observes and looks", "until the end of all generations.", "For You set", "an appointed time of remembrance,41The appointed time of remembrance in Rosh Hashana. On that day Adam was created, and on that same day Hashem judged Him for his transgression, after he ate from the tree of knowledge. According to Rabbenu Shlomo this is in accord with the Midrashim that hold the world was created on the twenty-fifth day of Elul.", "to consider every soul and being;", "to cause numerous deeds to be remembered", "and the multitude of creatures without end.", "From the beginning of creation,", "You have made this known,", "and from before time", "You have revealed it.", "This day [Rosh Hashana]", "is the beginning of Your work42According to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, Rosh Hashana is the day on which Adam was created, (see above note 41) and according to Avudraham it is the first day of creation.", "a memorial of the first day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael", "a [day of] judgment of the God of Yaakov.43Tehillim 81:5.", "And over countries", "[judgment] is pronounced,", "which of them is destined for the sword [war]", "and which for peace,", "which for famine and which for abundance.", "And on it, creatures are brought to mind,", "to be remembered for life or for death.", "Who is not considered on this day?", "For the remembrance of all that is formed", "comes before You:", "the dealings of man,", "and the decree of his fate,44The word וּפְקוּדָתו‍ֹ has been translated according to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza and Avudraham.", "and the misdeeds of man’s actions,", "the thoughts of man and his schemes,", "and the motives for the deeds of man.45The motives for man’s deeds are the יֵצֶר טו‍ֹב, the Good Inclination, and the יֵצֶר הָרָע, the Evil Inclination.—Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza and Avudraham.", "Fortunate is the man", "who does not forget You,", "the son of man", "who gains strength in You.", "For those who seek You", "will never stumble,", "and never will they be disgraced—", "all who trust in You.", "For the remembrance of all their deeds", "come before You,", "and You examine the deeds of all of them.", "And No’ach too, You remembered with love,", "and [therefore] decreed for him", "a promise of deliverance and compassion,", "when You brought the flood-waters", "to destroy all flesh", "because of the wickedness of their deeds.", "Therefore,", "his remembrance came before You,", "Adonoy, our God,", "to multiply his seed", "like the dust of the earth,", "and his descendants as the sand of the sea;", "as it is written in Your Torah;", "“And God remembered No’ach46According to the Midrash, since there is no forgetfulness before Hashem, the words וַיִזְכֹּר אֱלֹקִים אֶת נֹחַ, imply that Hashem took cognizance of No’ach’s virtuous deeds. According to Rashi, He took special cognizance of the fact that No’ach provided for the animals in the ark for twelve months.", "and all the beasts", "and all the cattle", "that were with him in the Ark,", "and God caused a wind to pass", "over the earth,", "and the waters were calmed.”47Bereishis 8:1.", "And it is said:", "“And God heard their groaning cry,", "and God remembered His covenant", "with Avraham, with Yitzchak,", "and with Yaakov.”48Shemos 2:24. The Biblical verse deals with Hashem’s promise to redeem the children of Yisrael when they were yet enslaved in Egypt.", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant with Yaakov,", "and also My covenant with Yitzchak,", "and also My covenant with Avraham,", "will I remember;", "and the land [of Yisrael] I will remember.”49Vayikra 26:42. This verse deals with the ultimate repentance of all Yisrael and Hashem’s promise to return them to their homeland.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“He made a memorial for His wonders,", "gracious and merciful is Adonoy.”50Tehillim 111:4.", "And it is said:", "“He gave food to those who fear Him;", "He is ever mindful of His covenant.”51Tehillim 111:5.", "And it is said:", "“And He remembered His covenant for them,", "and He relented", "in accordance with", "His abundant kindness.”52Tehillim 106:45.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets it is written:", "“Go and proclaim it", "in the ears of Yerushalayim, saying:", "thus said Adonoy,", "I remembered for you", "the kindness of your youth,53According to Malbim “the kindness of your youth” refers to the kindness of our forefathers who accepted the Oneness of Hashem and proclaimed His Kingship to a world steeped in the worship of idols. Metsudas Dovid maintains however that “the kindness of your youth” refers to the kindness Hashem bestowed on us at the early stage of our history, when He selected Yisrael as His special, unique people.", "the love of your bridal days,54This refers to the love Hashem bestowed on Yisrael when He gave us the Torah at Sinai. Our Sages refer to this event as the canopy, the chupah, by which the children of Yisrael were betrothed to Him.—Malbim, Metsudas Dovid", "how you followed Me into the wilderness,55Hashem recalls the faith of His people who followed Moshe into the wilderness.—Malbim, Metsudas Dovid
Rashi maintains that the entire verse refers to one period of time. He says that the kindness of our youth was manifested when we followed Him, i.e., His messengers, Moshe and Ahahron, into the wilderness.", "in a land that was not cultivated.”56Yirmiyahu 2:2.", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant", "[which I made] with you", "in the days of your youth,", "and I will fulfill it for you", "as an everlasting covenant.”57Yechezkel 16:60.", "And it is said:", "“Is Ephraim not My precious son,", "is he not a child of delight?", "For whenever I speak of him,", "I recall him even more;58These words must be understood in the context of the two sentences (Yirmiyahu 31:17-18) preceding them. I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself, saying: “You have chastised me and I was chastised ... I was ashamed, I was also disgraced, because I bear the humiliation of the sins of my youth.” Thus, explains Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, when Hashem hears Ephraim’s words of repentance, He is moved to proclaim His Divine love for him and to recall His delight in him. Ephraim is the name by which the ten tribes of Yisrael was referred.", "Therefore,", "My innermost being is aroused for him,", "I will surely have compassion on him,59The Almighty pledges His Divine mercy and promises to deliver them from exile.—Radak", "says Adonoy.”60Yirmiyahu 31:19. After reciting this verse, you might offer this silent prayer: Master of the Universe, remember on this Day of Judgment, that we are Your precious and loving children. Is there another nation in the entire world that gives You such נַחַת רוּחַ, pleasure, from the fulfillment of Your sacred commandments, as we do. We therefore beseech You, our Hashem, arouse Your mercy upon Your holy people and deliver us from this bitter exile, so that Your great and sacred Name will no longer be desecrated among the nations of the world.—Yesod Veshoresh HaAvodah", "Our God and God of our fathers", "remember us favorably before You", "and be mindful of us", "for deliverance and compassion", "from the eternal high heavens.", "Remember in our behalf, Adonoy, our God,", "the covenant, the kindness", "and the oath which You swore", "to our father Avraham on Mount Moriah,", "and let there appear before You", "the binding with which our father Avraham", "bound his son Yitzchak upon the altar,", "and how he suppressed his compassion", "to do Your will with a whole heart;", "so may Your compassion suppress", "Your anger against us,", "and in Your great goodness", "turn Your fierce anger away", "from Your people, and from Your city,", "from Your land,", "and from Your territorial heritage.", "And fulfill for us Adonoy, our God", "the promise You made in Your Torah,", "through Your servant, Moshe,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“I will remember for them", "the covenant with their forefathers", "whom I took out", "of the land of Mitzrayim,", "before the eyes of the nations,", "to be their God;", "I am Adonoy.”61Vayikra 31:19.", "For He Who remembers all forgotten things", "from eternity, are You,", "and there is no forgetfulness", "before the Throne of Your Glory;", "and the binding of Yitzchak—", "in behalf of his descendants—", "may You remember it today with compassion.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "Who remembers the covenant.", "
The following prayers and Scriptural readings form the portion of Shemoneh Esreh referred to as שׁוֹפָרוֹת.
", "You were revealed in Your cloud of glory", "to Your holy people", "to speak to them.", "From the heavens,", "You let them hear Your voice,", "and revealed Yourself to them", "in pure clouds.", "So too, the entire world", "quivered before You,62When the Torah was given to the people of Yisrael, Hashem’s voice was heard to the ends of the world, and all the people trembled in their dwellings.—Maseches Zevachim 116a", "and the works of creation63The “works of creation” (בְּרִיּו‍ֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית) refers to those works that came into being as a direct result of Hashem’s command, such as the sun, moon, the stars, etc. that have existed since the Creation.—S.R. Hirsch", "trembled before You,64When Hashem’s voice was heard at Sinai, the heavens, and the earth were shaken, the oceans and the rivers retreated, the mountains and the hills collapsed, and all the trees bowed down.—Pirkei d’R’Eliezer (41)", "when You, our King revealed Yourself", "upon Mount Sinai", "to teach Your people Torah and mitzvos.", "You let them hear", "the majestic splendor of Your voice,", "and Your holy words from flames of fire;", "amidst thunder and lightning", "You revealed Yourself to them,", "and with the sound of a shofar,", "You appeared to them,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“And it was on the third day,", "as morning dawned", "there was thunder and lightning,", "and a dense cloud over the mountain,", "and the sound of a shofar", "was exceedingly loud;", "and all the people in the camp trembled.”65Shemos 19:16.", "And it is said:", "“And the sound of the shofar", "became increasingly louder;66When a man blows a trumpet, the longer he blows the weaker the sound becomes; but the shofar blast on Mount Sinai grew louder and louder.—Rashi", "Moshe spoke", "and God answered him by voice.”67Shemos 19:19.", "And it is said:", "“And all the people saw the sounds68They saw that which was normally heard.—Rashi", "and the flames,", "and the sound of the shofar,", "and the mountain in smoke;", "and the people saw and were shaken,", "and stood from afar.”69Shemos 20:15.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“God has ascended with a blast,", "Adonoy, with the sound of a shofar.”70Tehillim 47:6.", "And it is said:", "“With trumpets and the sound of a shofar", "raise your voices before the King, Adonoy.”71Tehillim 98:6.", "And it is said:", "“Blow a shofar on the New Moon,", "as the appointed time for our festive-day.72The Talmud (Rosh Hashana 8a) relates the word כֶּסֶה to כְּסֹה, covering. All the festivals occur when the moon is clearly visible. Rosh Hashana occurs at the beginning of the month when the moon is still covered.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a day of judgment of the God of Yaakov.”73Tehillim 81:4-5.", "And it is said:", "“Praise God.", "Praise the Almighty in His Sanctuary74His sanctuary refers to the world of angels who minister to Him as He appears on His kingly throne.—Radak", "Praise God in the firmament of His might.75The “firmament of His might” refers to the heavenly spheres through which Hashem’s mastery of the physical world is revealed.—Radak", "Praise Him for His mighty deeds,", "Praise Him", "according to the abundance of His greatness.", "Praise Him with the blowing of a shofar,76The shofar is the solemn instrument which awakens and calls us to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with lyre and harp.77The lyre and harp are instruments which express man’s meditation upon Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with drum and dance,78“Drum and dance” indicates public expressions of exultation in Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him", "with stringed instruments and flute.79The string instruments and the flute indicate the inner rejoicing of the individual.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with resounding cymbals,80The cymbal was used to call entire assemblages to attentive participation.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with clanging cymbals.", "Let every soul praise God,", "Praise God.”81Tehillim 150.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“All who inhabit the world of man", "and who dwell on earth—", "when the banner is raised on the mountains", "you will see it;", "and when a shofar will be sounded,", "you will hear it.”82Yeshaya 18:3.", "And it is said:", "“And it will be on that day,", "that a great shofar will be sounded,", "and they will come—", "those who were lost in the land of Ashur,83Those who were exiled to Assyria were referred to as lost because they never returned to their land and their whereabouts was never determined (Etz Yosef, Dover Sholom).", "and those who were outcasts", "in the land of Mitzrayim,", "and they will prostrate themselves", "to Adonoy,", "on the holy mountain in Yerushalayim.”84Yeshaya 27:13.", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will appear over them,", "and His arrow will go forth like lightning;", "and my Master, Adonoy, will sound the shofar", "and go forth in the whirlwinds of the south.85Hashem will appear as a storming whirlwind to destroy Antiochus and his army. Others interpret this as a reference to the nation of Aram which will be destroyed (See Rashi to Zecharyah 9:14).", "Adonoy Tzevaos will protect them.”86Hashem will protect the nation of Yisrael. According to Ibn Ezra this refers to Hashem’s Divine protection of the Hasmoneans (Zecharyah 9:14-15).", "So may You be a shield", "over Your people, Yisrael,", "with Your peace.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "sound a great shofar for our liberty", "and raise a banner to gather our exiles.", "And bring near our scattered people", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of [the] earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, house of Your Sanctuary,", "with eternal joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices,", "as we were commanded in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“And on the day of your rejoicing,", "and on your appointed festivals,", "and on your Rosh Chodesh days,", "you will sound the trumpets", "over your burnt-offerings", "and over the sacrifices", "of your peace offerings,", "and they will be a memorial for you", "before your God;", "I am Adonoy, your God.”87Bamidbar 10:10.", "For You hear the sound of shofar,", "and listen to the teruah;", "and there is none like You.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who hears the sound", "of the teruah of His people, Yisrael,", "with compassion.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise", "Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us", "and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father,", "all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Yehudah", "and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Reader's Repetition": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Invoking the doctrines", "of our wise and understanding Sages,", "and with the teachings [acquired]", "from their perceptive intuition,", "I open my mouth in prayer and supplication", "to plead and seek favor", "before the presence of the King,", "the King of kings—", "the Master of masters.", "
The Ark is closed:
", "", "", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "", "", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "", "", "Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations!", "Praise God.", "And You, Holy One,", "are enthroned upon the praises of Yisrael.", "Almighty, we beseech You.", "
These prayers are said responsively:
", "Almighty of truth, as You prepare judgment", "Should you exact the full measure of justice,", "who would be [found] righteous", "before You, in judgment?", "[You are the] Holy One.", "If not for His sake will He act", "and remove [His] fierce anger and wrath,", "it is useless to examine [our conduct]", "to find meritorious deeds.", "[You are the] Holy One.", "
The Ark is opened and the following prayer is said responsively
", "And thus He was King in Yeshurun.", "Most high King!", "Almighty, Who dwells on high,", "mighty One on high,", "His strong hand is uplifted.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King!", "He is mighty among the holy host,1See Shmuel I 19:20. The author may have substituted the word לְהָקִים for לַהַקַת which means company or host. See Rashi and Metsudas Tziyon.", "He decrees and fulfills,", "He reveals deep things.2See Job 12:22. מְגַלֶה עַמֻקו‍ֹת מִנִי חשֶׁךְ.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "[He is] the One Who speaks", "with righteousness,", "[He is] the One garbed with righteousness,", "[He is] the One Who gives ear", "to the cry [of prayer].", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "He remembers the Patriarchs,3The word צוּר is found in Yeshaya in reference to Avraham. “Look to the rock from which you were hewn.” Thus צוּרִים, rocks, refers to the Patriarchs. See Yeshaya 51:1-2.", "and He confers merit on [His] creatures,", "He is angered by the enemies [of His people].", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "Good is He Who dwells eternally", "His goodness is eternal,", "He spans the eternal heavens.4Yeshaya 48:13.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "Garment-like, He is enwrapped in light,", "[He created] all the light-giving luminaries,", "He is grand and enlightened.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "He is King for all times,", "He reveals hidden things,", "He gives speech to the mute.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "He upholds everything,", "He is Ancient and outlasts everything,", "He observes everything.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "His glory is mighty,", "the work of His right hand is mighty,", "He is the Redeemer and He is mighty.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "His holy [angels] are like flaming fire,", "He calls the waters of Rahav5Rahav is the name given to the angel-lord of the sea. (See Maseches Baba Basra 74b.)", "He is near to all who call upon Him in love", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "There is no sleep for Him,", "serenity abounds among His angels,6The word פְּנִינָיו refers to Hashem’s angels, who serve Him in His innermost sanctuary, לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים.", "excellent praise [for the righteous]", "is hidden away among His secrets.", "Forever will He reign, our most high King.", "
The Ark is closed, and the following two verses are said silently:
", "Wretched [mortal] king!", "He decays and descends to the grave,", "into the lower world and beneath,", "he toils without satisfaction.", "How long will he reign,", "this wretched king?", "Sleep overtakes him;", "deep slumber overcomes him,", "[he is] crushed with desolation.", "How long will he reign?", "
The Ark is reopened
", "But the most high King — His power is forever,", "His glory is forever,", "His praise endures forever,", "forever will He reign.", "And thus unto You", "may [our saying of] the Kedushah ascend,", "for You our God are King.", "There is a famous legend behind this stirring prayer as recorded in the thirteenth century work, Ohr Zerua, by Rabbi Yitzchak of Vienna. In the section dealing with laws of Rosh Hashana (Section 276), he writes, “I found a letter from Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn, in which he wrote that Rabbi Amnon of Mayence authored the וּנְתַנֶּה תֹּקֶף as a result of a tragic incident in his life.” This is the story as recorded in the letter:", "Rabbi Amnon of Mayence, a great scholar, a person of wealth, a handsome man of noble ancestry was under great pressure from the lords and Archbishop of the city to change his faith and adopt their religion. He repeatedly ignored them but on one occasion, in order to put them off, he asked for three days to consider their request. Afterwards he was heartbroken because he had given the impression that he might actually consider renouncing his belief in the One Living God. He refused food or drink; weeping bitterly over his lapse, he refused to accept the sympathy and consolation of friends and relatives.", "At the end of the three days he was summoned by the Archbishop, but he ignored the summons. A distinguished delegation was sent to ask him to appear at the court but he refused them. Finally, he was brought before the court by force, and the Archbishop demanded, “Why did you not come and answer me as you promised?” Rabbi Amnon answered, “As a punishment, you should have my tongue cut out, because my tougue deceived you.” Rabbi Amnon thought to sanctify God’s Name in this manner, since his tongue had uttered such a promise. The Archbishop replied, “No, I will not cut out your tongue for it spoke well, instead, I will cut off your feet for they did not bring you to me.” The tyrant ordered that his hands and feet be cut off in piecemeal fashion; asking him at each interval if he was willing to renounce his faith. He was finally released and sent home with his severed and mutilated limbs aside him in bed.", "The holiday of Rosh Hashana was at hand, and the Rabbi, dying from the effects of his wounds, was at his own request carried into the synagogue, bringing his severed limbs with him. When the Chazzan was about to recite the Kedushah, Rabbi Amnon asked him to stop, saying, “Pause that I may sanctify His Most Holy Name,” and he said in a loud voice: וּבְכֵן וּלְךָ תַעֲלֶה קְדֻשָּׁה, and thus may this sanctification ascend to You, inferring that with his terrible suffering, he had sanctified God’s Name. He then began reciting the וּנְתַנֶּה תֹּקֶף, and with the words אֱמֶת כִּי אַתָּה הוּא דַיָּן וּמוֹכִֽיח, true that You are Judge and Admonisher, he indicated his acceptance of God’s Divine judgment, and with the words וְתִכְתֹּב אֶת גְּזַר דִּינָם, and You recorded the decree of their judgments, he manifested his belief that his fate had been decreed on Rosh Hashana. No sooner had he finished the prayer when he expired. Three days later, he appeared to Rabbi Kolonymus ben Meshullam in a dream and taught him this prayer, asking him to introduce it to all congregations as a testimonial and as a memorial for him. This prayer has formed a portion of our Service ever since.", "Let us describe", "the great holiness of this day,", "for it is awesome and frightening.", "On this day, Your Kingship is uplifted,7His Kingship is uplifted through our saying of “מַלְכֻיּו‍ֹת—זִכְרו‍ֹנו‍ֹת—שׁו‍ֹפָרו‍ֹת” and the sounding of the shofar.", "and Your throne is established with kindness,8Hashem rules with kindness.", "and You sit upon it in truth.9See Yeshaya 16:5. Truth in this sense might refer to Hashem’s permanence (Metsudas Dovid) or to Hashem’s love of truth (Malbim).", "True that You are judge,", "admonisher, knower and witness;", "and You inscribe, seal, record and count,", "and recall all forgotten things.10Forgotten things refer only to things we may have forgotten, for there is no forgetfulness before Hashem.", "You open the book of records", "and it reads of itself;", "and the signature of every man is in it.", "A great shofar is sounded,", "and a silent, gentle voice is heard;", "and the angels are alarmed,", "pangs of fear and trembling seize them,11See Job 4:18, “הֵן בַּעֲבָדָיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וּבְמַלְאָכָיו יָשִׂים תָּהָלָה” Behold! He puts no trust in His servants, and His angels, He charges with foolishness.”", "and they declare,", "“behold the Day of Judgment.”", "The heavenly host is arraigned in judgment,", "for they are not guiltless in Your eyes", "in judgment.12See Job 15:16, “הֵן בִּקְדו‍ֹשָׁיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וְשָׁמַיִם לֹא זַכּוּ בְעֵינָיו” Behold! “He puts no trust in His holy ones, and even those in the heavens [angels] are not guiltless in His eyes.”", "All mankind pass before You", "like young sheep.13See Mishnah, Maseches Rosh Hashana 1:2. “All mankind passes before Hashem to be judged individually, like young sheep who pass through a small opening in the corral as they are counted for tithing. Bartenura", "As a shepherd inspects his flock,", "making his sheep pass under his rod,", "so do You cause to pass, count, number,", "and review the soul of every living being,", "determining the life-span of every creature;", "and You record the decree of their judgment.", "On Rosh Hashana their decree is inscribed,", "and on Yom Kippur it is sealed,14This formula of judgment is only for those who are considered בֵּינו‍ֹנִים, neither righteous nor wicked. The truly righteous are inscribed and sealed for life on Rosh Hashana, and the wicked also receive their full verdict on Rosh Hashana. Thus it is only the בֵּינו‍ֹנִי, one in between, who is given time until Yom Kippur to mend his ways and be judged for life. Talmud Yerushalmi, Maseches Rosh Hashana 1:3.", "how many will pass away", "and how many will be created,", "who will live and who will die;", "who will come to his timely end,", "and who to an untimely end;", "who will perish by fire and who by water;", "who by the sword and who by beast;", "who by hunger and who by thirst;", "who by earthquake and who by the plague;", "who by strangling and who by stoning;", "who will be at rest", "and who will wander about;", "who will have serenity", "and who will be confused;", "who will be tranquil", "and who will be tormented;", "who will become poor", "and who will become wealthy;", "who will be brought to a low state", "and who will be uplifted.", "
Congregation followed by Chazzan:
", "But repentance, and prayer and charity", "annul the evil decree.15This is based on Midrash Rabbah, Bereishis 44:13.", "For as Your Name, so is Your praise,16See Tehillim 48:11. This refers to His Name, described in the thirteen attributes of Hashem.", "You are slow to anger and easy to pacify;17See Maseches Avos 5:1.", "For You do not desire death [for the sinner]", "but that he turn from his evil way and live.18See Yechezkel 18:32, 18:23.", "And even until his dying day,", "You wait for him—", "if he repents, You immediately accept him.", "True, You are their Creator,", "and You know their impulse", "that they are [but] flesh and blood.", "Man, his beginning is from dust", "and ends in dust;", "risking his life, he gets his bread,", "he is like a potsherd that is breakable,", "like grass that withers,", "like the flower that fades,", "like the shadow that passes,", "like the cloud that vanishes,", "like the wind that blows,", "like the dust that flies,", "and like a fleeting dream.", "But You are the King,", "the Almighty, the living and everlasting God.", "
The Ark is closed
", "There is no end to Your years", "and there is no limit", "to the length of Your days.", "Immeasurable", "are the chariots of angels who glorify You,", "and there is no way to describe", "Your imperceptable Name.", "Your Name is fitting for You,", "and You are worthy of Your Name;", "and our name,", "You have called by Your Name.19The name יִשְׂרָאֵל, the name by which we are called contains the Name of Hashem, יִשְׂרָ־אֵל.", "Act for the sake of Your Name,", "and sanctify Your Name", "through those who hallow Your Name.20This refers to the Jewish people who recite the kedusha, sanctification, twice each day.", "For the sake of Your glorious Name,", "which is reverenced and sanctified,", "with the mystic speech", "of the holy serafim", "who sanctify Your Name in the Sanctuary.", "Those who dwell on high [the angels]", "unite with those who dwell on earth,", "to proclaim", "the three-fold sanctification;", "in [Your] Sanctuary", "
The Ark is closed
", "as it is written by the hand of Your prophet,", "“And they called one to another and said:" ], "Kedushah": [ "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "‘Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy Tzevaos,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "His glory fills the world,", "His ministering angels ask one another—", "“Where is the place of His glory?”", "those facing them say, “Blessed.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from His place.”", "From His place, He will turn in compassion", "and favor the people", "who proclaim the Oneness of His Name", "evening and morning, each day continually", "twice each day, with love,", "they recite, “Shema.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "Hear Yisrael,", "Adonoy is our God, Adonoy is One.", "He is our God, He is our Father,", "He is our King, He is our Deliverer,", "and He will let us hear in His mercy", "a second time", "in the presence of all the living", "[His promise] “to be your God.”", "“I am Adonoy, your God.”", "Mighty One, our Mighty One,", "Adonoy, our Master,", "How mighty is Your Name", "throughout the earth.", "And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One,", "and His Name One.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations;", "praise God.”", "
The Chazzan concludes
", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness,", "and to all eternity", "we will sanctify Your holiness;", "and Your praise, our God", "will not depart from our mouth", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King, Great and Holy!", "Have compassion upon Your works,", "and rejoice in Your works;", "and let those who trust in You say—", "when You justify those borne by You—21This refers to the Jewish people. See Yeshaya 46:3.", "“Be sanctified, [our] Master", "over all Your works.”", "For those who sanctify You", "are themselves hallowed in Your holiness;", "becoming to the Holy One", "is the glory of those who are holy.22See Yeshaya 49:3, “יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּךָ אֶתְפָּאָר, Yisrael in you am I glorified.” See also Vayikra 11:44.", "And thus may Your Name be hallowed", "Adonoy, our God,", "over Yisrael, Your people,", "over Yerushalayim, Your city,", "over Tziyon, the dwelling place of Your glory,", "over the kingship of the House of Dovid,", "Your anointed,", "and over Your [holy] Dwelling,", "and Your Sanctuary.", "It will yet be remembered on our behalf,—", "the love of Avraham,—23See Tehillim 89:1. Avraham is referred to in the psalm as אֵיתָן הָאֶזְרָחִי.", "by our Master;", "and for the sake of the son [Yitzchak]", "who let himself be bound on the altar,", "He will put an end to our struggle;", "and in the merit of the perfect one [Yaakov],24See Bereishis 25:27.", "the Revered One will bring forth", "our judgment to a righteous conclusion;", "for this day is holy to our Master.", "When there is no one to plead", "[our] righteousness", "against the testimony of the accuser,", "speak in behalf of Yaakov", "regarding the statute and law,", "and make us righteous with justice,", "[You, Who are the] King of justice", "Who holds in His hand", "the attribute of justice:", "
The Ark is opened
", "And all believe", "that He is the faithful Almighty;", "who probes and searches hidden secrets.", "And all believe", "that He probes man’s conscience;", "Who redeems from death", "and rescues from the grave.", "And all believe", "that He is a Mighty Redeemer;", "Who alone judges all who enter the world.", "And all believe that He is a true Judge;", "Who is called, “I am that I am”25See Shemos 3:14.", "And all believe that He is, was,", "and always will be;", "Certain is His Name,26See Maseches Berachos 32b. הַוַדַאי was one of the Names attributed to Hashem by a reader (Chazzan) who led the services in the presence of Rabbi Chanina. so is His praise.", "And all believe", "that He is, and there is none beside Him;", "Who is mindful of those who mention Him,", "recalling them with favor.", "And all believe", "that He is mindful of the covenant;", "Who apportions life to all the living.", "And all believe", "that He is Living and Permanent;", "Who is the source of goodness,", "and is beneficent to the wicked and the good.", "And all believe that He is good to all;", "Who knows the impulsive nature", "of all His creatures.", "And all believe", "that He formed them in the womb;", "Who is able to accomplish all things,", "and He completed their formation", "at one time.", "And all believe", "that He is able to accomplish all things;", "Who abides in the secret place—", "in the shelter of Shaddai,", "And all believe", "He is the only One;", "Who grants kingship to kings,", "and [all] sovereignty is His.", "And all believe", "that He the eternal King;", "Who guides every generation with kindness.", "And all believe", "that He preserves kindness;", "Who is patient,", "and overlooks the rebellious.27Hashem gives them every opportunity to repent.", "And all believe", "that He pardons, Selah;", "Who is most high,", "and His eye looks to those who fear Him.", "And all believe", "that He answers prayer;28לַחַשׁ is a word used in reference to prayer. See Yeshaya 26:16, “צָקוּן לַחַשׁ, they poured out a prayer.”", "Who opens the door", "to those who knock in repentance.", "And all believe", "that His hand is open;", "Who eagerly waits for the wicked [to repent],", "and desires his justification.", "And all believe", "that He is just and upright;", "Who is slow to anger, and long suffering.", "And all believe", "that He is difficult to anger;", "Who is merciful,", "and His compassion precedes His anger.", "And all believe", "that He is easily reconciled;", "Who is equal in His judgment", "and treats equally the small and the great.", "And all believe", "that He is a just Judge;", "Who is perfect and completely just", "with those who are perfect [with Him:]", "And all believe", "that He is perfect in all His work.", "", "
The Ark is closed:
", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And all shall come to serve You", "and bless Your glorious Name,", "and throughout the isles they shall declare", "Your righteousness.", "And peoples will seek You,", "who knew You not before;", "and they will praise You,", "those who live in every part of the earth,", "and they will say, always,", "“Magnified be Adonoy.”", "And they will offer to You their sacrifices,", "and they will abandon their idols,", "and they will be humiliated", "with their graven images,", "and they will turn with unanimous accord", "to worship You.", "And they will fear You—", "as long as sun is upon them—29See Tehillim 72:5.", "those who seek Your Presence,", "and they will realize", "the power of Your Kingship,", "and they will teach—", "those who have gone astray—", "understanding [of God].", "And they will speak of Your might,", "and they will uplift You", "causing You to be uplifted above all,", "and they will fervently beseech Your Presence", "and crown You with a crown of glory.", "And the mountains will burst out", "in joyous song,", "and the isles will exult in Your Kingship,", "and they will accept", "the yoke of Your kingdom upon themselves,", "and they will exalt You", "in the assembly of peoples.", "Those from far-off lands will hear of this", "and they will come,", "and they will tender unto You", "the crown of sovereignty.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations. Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King,", "to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "But because of our sins,", "we were exiled from our land,", "and driven far away from our soil;", "and we are unable,", "and to perform our obligatory offerings", "in Your chosen House,", "in the great and holy House", "upon which Your Name is proclaimed,", "because of the hand [of violence]", "that was sent against Your Sanctuary.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "merciful King,", "to once again have compassion on us", "and on Your Sanctuary", "in Your abundant mercy;", "and rebuild it soon", "and greatly enhance its glory.", "Our Father, our King!", "reveal the glory of Your Kingship", "upon us soon,", "appear and be uplifted over us", "before the eyes of all living things.", "Bring near our scattered [people]", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of the earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with everlasting joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices—", "the daily [burnt] offerings in their order,", "and the Musaf offerings", "according to their rule.", "And the Musaf offerings of", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(this Shabbos day and)", "this Day of Remembrance", "we will prepare and bring before You", "with love", "according to the command of Your will;", "as You wrote for us in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(“And on the Sabbath day [the offering is]:", "two male yearling lambs without blemish;", "two tenths [of an epha] of fine flour", "for a meal offering,", "mixed with the [olive] oil, and its libation.”", "[This is] the burnt offering for every Sabbath,", "in addition to the daily burnt offering", "and its libation; [wine offering].)", "And in the seventh month,", "on the first day of the month,", "a day of holy assembly it shall be for you,", "all work of labor, you shall not do;", "a day of blowing [the shofar]", "it shall be for you.", "And you will prepare a burnt-offering", "for a pleasing savor to Adonoy;", "one young bullock,", "one ram,", "seven yearling lambs,", "without blemish.", "And their meal-offerings and libations", "as stated:", "three tenths [of an epha of fine flour]", "for the bullock,", "two tenths for the ram,", "and one tenth for each lamb,", "and wine according to each libation;", "and two he goats for atonement,", "and the two daily burnt-offerings", "according to their law.", "[These are] besides", "the burnt-offering of Rosh Chodesh", "and its meal-offering,", "and the daily burnt-offering", "and its meal-offering;", "and their drink offering", "according to their law.", "for a pleasing savor,", "an offering consumed by fire to Adonoy.", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(They will rejoice in Your Kingship—", "those who preserve the Sabbath—", "and call it a delight.", "The people who sanctify the seventh [day]", "will all be satisfied", "and delighted with Your goodness.", "And the seventh [day]—", "You took pleasure in it,", "and You hallowed it.", "“Most desirable of days,” You called it—", "a commemoration of the work of creation.)" ], "Malkhuyot": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator of [the world in]", "the beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory", "is in the heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftier heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true, all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "
The Ark is closed, and the Chazzan continues:
", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "be with the mouths of those30See Shemos 4:15. Hashem said to Moshe, when he was reluctant to appear before Pharaoh, “אָנֹכִי אֶהְיֶה עִם פִּיךָ וְעִם פִּיהוּ, I will be with your mouth, and with his (Aharon’s) mouth” when you speak to Pharaoh.", "who have been sent by Your people", "the House of Yisrael,", "who stand to offer fervent prayer", "and supplication before You,", "in behalf of Your people, the House of Yisrael.", "Instruct them what to say,", "teach them what they shall speak,", "disclose to them what they shall ask,", "make known to them", "how they may glorify You.", "In the light of Your countenance", "may they walk,", "[their] knee, unto You may they bend,", "Your people,", "with their mouths, may they bless,", "and from the blessings of Your mouth,", "may they all be blessed.", "Your people, they lead into Your Presence,", "and from their midst,31This is based on the fact that the Chazzan stands in the middle of the synagogue, as he prays, with the congregation on both sides of him. they approach You;", "the eyes of Your people are fixed on them,", "and their eyes32This refers to the eyes of the Chazzan, and is based on Midrash Tehillim 106:1, שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר יו‍ֹרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה לְפִי שֶׁעֵינֵיהֶם שֶׁל צִבּוּר תְּלוּיו‍ֹת בּו‍ֹ וְעֵינָיו תְּלוּיּו‍ֹת בְּהקב\"ה שֶׁהוּא שׁו‍ֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּתָם. “The Chazzan descends to the stand, for the eyes of the congregation are fixed on him, and his eyes are fixed on the Holy One, blessed be He, Who hears prayer. look longingly to You.", "They approach the Holy Ark in awe,", "to appease anger and wrath;", "and Your people surround them like a wall,", "and You, from the heavens", "look upon them with compassion.", "They lift their eyes to You in heaven,", "their hearts are poured out before You", "as water,", "and You, [please] hear [their prayer]", "from the heavens.", "May they not stammer with their tongue,", "nor become entangled in their speech,", "may they not be ashamed", "of those who rely on them,33This refers to the congregations on whose behalf they are sent. They ask not to be humiliated by the collective sins of the congregations they represent. Another version is that “בְּמַשְׁעֵנָם” refers to Hashem, upon Whom they all rely. The Chazzan thus prays that he not be ashamed before Hashem.", "and may they not bring disgrace", "to their multitude [their congregation];", "and may their mouths never say a word", "that is not according to Your will.", "For", "those to whom You are favorably disposed,", "Adonoy, our God,", "they have truly found favor,", "and those upon whom You have compassion,", "they have truly found compassion.", "For we know, Adonoy, our God,", "that You will show favor", "to whom You will show favor,", "and that You will be compassionate", "to whom You will be compassionate.", "As it is written in Your Torah:", "And He said:", "“I will cause to pass over", "all My goodness before you,", "and I will proclaim the Name, Adonoy", "in your presence;", "“I will show favor", "to whom I show favor,", "and I will be compassionate", "to whom I will be compassionate.”34Shemos 33:19.", "And it is said:", "“Let them not be ashamed through me", "those who wait for You,", "my Master, God of Hosts;", "let them not be disgraced through me,", "those who seek You, God of Yisrael.”35Tehillim 69:7.", "
The Ark is opened and the Chazzan continues:
", "I hope in Almighty, I implore His Presence,", "I ask of Him", "to grant me eloquent speech,", "so that in the congregation of the people,", "I might sing of His might", "and utter joyful songs", "praising His deeds.", "The arrangements of thoughts belong to man,", "but [only] from God, comes eloquent speech.", "My Master, open my lips", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "
The Ark is closed:
", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth;", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize, and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear allegiance to You.", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will accept upon themselves", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“He beheld no iniquity in Yaakov,", "nor did He see wrongdoing in Yisrael;", "Adonoy, His God is with him,", "and the love of the king is among them.”", "And it is said:", "“And He was King in Yeshurun,", "with the gathering of the heads of the people,", "the tribes of Yisrael were united.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“For the kingship is Adonoy’s,", "and He rules over nations.”", "And it is said:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself in majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has also firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”", "And it is said:", "“Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and be uplifted", "entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and lift up entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, forever.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“thus said Adonoy,", "King of Yisrael and its Redeemer,", "Adonoy Tzevaos:", "“I am the first and I am the last;", "and beside Me, there is no God.”", "And it is said:", "“And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon", "to judge the mount of Esau,", "and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day", "Adonoy will be One and His Name One.”", "And in Your Torah it is written:", "“Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God", "Adonoy is One!”", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You have formed it.", "And they will say", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure Your holy Shabbos;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "they who are sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos, add:
", "(of Shabbos and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;36There is a difference of opinion in the Talmud, Maseches Rosh Hashana 10b regarding the day in which the world was created. This prayer follows the opinion of Rabbi Elazar who maintains that Hashem created the world in Tishrei.", "On this day, He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children,", "have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "
This paragraph is omitted on Shabbos
", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "our acknowledgments of Your sovereignty." ], "Zikhronot": [ "You remember", "the dealings of [men in] today’s world,", "and You [also] consider the behavior", "of all those who lived in earlier times.", "In Your Presence are revealed", "all hidden things", "and the multitude of secrets", "from the beginning of creation;", "for there is no forgetfulness", "before the throne of Your Glory,", "and there is nothing hidden from Your eyes.", "You remember all that has been done,", "and even all that which is formed", "is not concealed from You.", "All is revealed and known before You", "Adonoy, our God", "Who observes and looks", "until the end of all generations.", "For You set", "an appointed time of remembrance,", "to consider every soul and being;", "to cause numerous deeds to be remembered", "and the multitude of creatures without end.", "From the beginning of creation,", "You have made this known,", "and from before time", "You have revealed it.", "This day [Rosh Hashana]", "is the beginning of Your work", "a memorial of the first day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael", "a [day of] judgment of the God of Yaakov.", "And over countries", "[judgment] is pronounced,", "which of them is destined for the sword [war]", "and which for peace,", "which for famine and which for abundance.", "And on it, creatures are brought to mind,", "to be remembered for life or for death.", "Who is not considered on this day?", "For the remembrance of all that is formed", "comes before You:", "the dealings of man,", "and the decree of his fate,", "and the misdeeds of man’s actions,", "the thoughts of man and his schemes,", "and the motives for the deeds of man.", "Fortunate is the man", "who does not forget You,", "the son of man", "who gains strength in You.", "For those who seek You", "will never stumble,", "and never will they be disgraced—", "all who trust in You.", "For the remembrance of all their deeds", "come before You,", "and You examine the deeds of all of them.", "And No’ach too, You remembered with love,", "and [therefore] decreed for him", "a promise of deliverance and compassion,", "when You brought the flood-waters", "to destroy all flesh", "because of the wickedness of their deeds.", "Therefore,", "his remembrance came before You,", "Adonoy, our God,", "to multiply his seed", "like the dust of the earth,", "and his descendants as the sand of the sea;", "as it is written in Your Torah;", "“And God remembered No’ach", "and all the beasts", "and all the cattle", "that were with him in the Ark,", "and God caused a wind to pass", "over the earth,", "and the waters were calmed.”", "And it is said:", "“And God heard their groaning cry,", "and God remembered His covenant", "with Avraham, with Yitzchak,", "and with Yaakov.”", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant with Yaakov,", "and also My covenant with Yitzchak,", "and also My covenant with Avraham,", "will I remember;", "and the land [of Yisrael] I will remember.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“He made a memorial for His wonders,", "gracious and merciful is Adonoy.”", "And it is said:", "“He gave food to those who fear Him;", "He is ever mindful of His covenant.”", "And it is said:", "“And He remembered His covenant for them,", "and He relented", "in accordance with His abundant kindness.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“Go and proclaim it", "in the ears of Yerushalayim, saying:", "thus said Adonoy,", "I remembered for you", "the kindness of your youth,", "the love of your bridal days,", "how you followed Me into the wilderness,", "in a land that was not cultivated.”", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant", "[which I made] with you", "in the days of your youth,", "and I will fulfill it for you", "as an everlasting covenant.”", "And it is said:", "“Is Ephraim not My precious son,", "is he not a child of delight?", "For whenever I speak of him,", "I recall him even more;", "Therefore,", "My innermost being is aroused for him,", "I will surely have compassion on him,", "says Adonoy.”", "Our God and God of our fathers", "remember us favorably before You", "and be mindful of us", "for deliverance and compassion", "from the eternal high heavens.", "Remember in our behalf, Adonoy, our God,", "the covenant, the kindness", "and the oath which You swore", "to our father Avraham on Mount Moriah,", "and let there appear before You", "the binding with which our father Avraham", "bound his son Yitzchak upon the altar,", "and how he suppressed his compassion", "to do Your will with a whole heart;", "so may Your compassion suppress", "Your anger against us,", "and in Your great goodness", "turn Your fierce anger away", "from Your people, and from Your city,", "from Your land,", "and from Your territorial heritage.", "And fulfill for us Adonoy, our God", "the promise You made in Your Torah,", "through Your servant, Moshe,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“I will remember for them", "the covenant with their forefathers", "whom I took out", "of the land of Mitzrayim,", "before the eyes of the nations,", "to be their God;", "I am Adonoy.”", "For He Who remembers all forgotten things", "from eternity, are You,", "and there is no forgetfulness", "before the Throne of Your Glory;", "and the binding of Yitzchak—", "on behalf of his descendants—", "may You remember it today with compassion.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "Who remembers the covenant.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;", "On this day, He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children,", "have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "
This paragraph is omitted on Shabbos
", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "our prayers of remembrance." ], "Shofarot": [ "You were revealed in Your cloud of glory", "to Your holy people", "to speak to them.", "From the heavens,", "You let them hear Your voice,", "and revealed Yourself to them", "in pure clouds.", "So too, the entire world quivered before You,", "and the works of creation", "trembled before You,", "when You, our King revealed Yourself", "upon Mount Sinai", "to teach Your people Torah and mitzvos.", "You let them hear", "the majestic splendor of Your voice,", "and Your holy words from flames of fire;", "amidst thunder and lightning", "You revealed Yourself to them,", "and with the sound of a shofar,", "You appeared to them,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“And it was on the third day,", "as morning dawned", "there was thunder and lightning,", "and a dense cloud over the mountain,", "and the sound of a shofar", "was exceedingly loud;", "and all the people in the camp trembled.”", "And it is said:", "“And the sound of the shofar", "became increasingly louder;", "Moshe spoke", "and God answered him by voice.”", "And it is said:", "“And all the people saw the sounds", "and the flames,", "and the sound of the shofar,", "and the mountain in smoke;", "and the people saw and were shaken,", "and stood from afar.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“God has ascended with a blast,", "Adonoy, with the sound of a shofar.”", "And it is said:", "“With trumpets and the sound of a shofar", "raise your voices before the King, Adonoy.”", "And it is said:", "“Blow a shofar on the New Moon,", "as the appointed time for our festive-day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a day of judgment of the God of Yaakov.”", "And it is said:", "“Praise God.", "Praise the Almighty in His Sanctuary", "Praise God", "in the firmament of His might.", "Praise Him for His mighty deeds,", "Praise Him", "according to the abundance of His greatness.", "Praise Him with the blowing of a shofar,", "Praise Him with lyre and harp.", "Praise Him with drum and dance,", "Praise Him", "with stringed instruments and flute.", "Praise Him with resounding cymbals,", "Praise Him with clanging cymbals.", "Let every soul praise God,", "Praise God.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“All who inhabit the world of man", "and who dwell on earth—", "when the banner is raised on the mountains", "you will see it;", "and when a shofar will be sounded,", "you will hear it.”", "And it is said:", "“And it will be on that day,", "that a great shofar will be sounded,", "and they will come—", "those who were lost in the land of Ashur,", "and those who were outcasts", "in the land of Mitzrayim,", "and they will prostrate themselves", "to Adonoy,", "on the holy mountain in Yerushalayim.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will appear over them,", "and His arrow will go forth like lightning;", "and my Master, Adonoy, will sound the shofar", "and go forth in the whirlwinds of the south.", "Adonoy Tzevaos will protect them.”", "So may You be a shield", "over Your people, Yisrael,", "with Your peace.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "sound a great shofar for our liberty", "and raise a banner to gather our exiles.", "And bring near our scattered people", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of [the] earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim,", "House of Your Sanctuary,", "with eternal joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices,", "as we were commanded in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“And on the day of your rejoicing,", "and on your appointed festivals,", "and on your Rosh Chodesh days,", "you will sound the trumpets", "over your burnt-offerings", "and over the sacrifices", "of your peace offerings,", "and they will be a memorial for you", "before your God;", "I am Adonoy, your God.”", "For You hear the sound of shofar,", "and listen to the teruah;", "and there is none like You.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who hears the sound", "of the teruah of His people, Yisrael,", "with compassion.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;", "On this day,", "He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children,", "have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "
This paragraph is omitted on Shabbos
", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "the order of our prayers", "concerning the shofar." ], "Avodah": [ "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "
When there are no Kohanim present to recite the Priestly Blessings, the Chazzan recites the following paragraph.
", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "Priestly Blessings", "Even though the kohanim are commanded to bless Yisrael every day (according to some authorities) nevertheless, the custom outside the Holy Land is that kohanim bless the people only during the Musaf Service of the Festivals, and the High Holidays. One reason given is that the Priestly Blessings are pronounced only in a festive atmosphere. Thus on weekdays when people are troubled with the difficulties of earning a livelihood, and even on the Sabbath when people are disturbed by thoughts of their economic plight, the blessings are not pronounced.", "During the Musaf Service of the Festivals, however, which precedes the festive meal of the holiday, a joyous atmosphere does prevail and the Priestly Blessing is pronounced.", "After the Chazzan’s recital of ‘רְצֵה, be pleased,’ the following prayer is recited by the Congregation and kohanim, and repeated by the Chazzan:", "May our prayer be sweet unto You", "as a burnt-offering and as a sacrifice.37The burnt-offering refers to the עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד, the daily communal burnt-offering, while sacrifice refers to the מוּסַף, the additional offerings of the Festivals.—Iyun Tefiloh
According to Dover Shalom these two types of offerings can be compared to two kinds of prayers. The truly pious Jew is concerned only with serving his Creator and his prayers are offered entirely to Hashem. He asks nothing for himself. His prayers are similar to a burnt- offering which is consumed in its entirety on Hashem’s altar. Not every Jew is capable of such a lofty degree of Divine service. Many serve Hashem but are conscious of their own personal needs and desires. Their prayer is thus similar to a שְׁלָמִים, peace offering, of which only part is consumed on the altar, the owner also being permitted to eat and enjoy part of it. We pray that both kinds of prayers be pleasing and acceptable to Hashem, as were the sacrifices on the altar.", "Please, Merciful One, in Your abundant mercy", "return Your Divine Presence", "to Tziyon, Your city,", "and the order of the [Temple] Service", "to Yerushalayim.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "
The Chazzan concludes:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "You alone, in reverence do we serve.", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
(When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.)
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Our Father, our King! remember Your mercies,", "and suppress Your anger,", "and remove pestilence, sword, famine,", "captivity, destruction, iniquity,", "assimilation, plague, misfortune,", "every disease, every stumbling-block,", "every contention, every type of disorder;", "every evil decree and groundless hatred,", "from us,", "and from all the children of Your covenant.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "Priestly Blessings", "
The congregation and Kohanim say the following prayer silently.
", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and the God of our fathers,", "that this blessing", "
When said by the kohanim:
", "which You have commanded us", "
When said by the Congregation:
", "which You have commanded", "to bless Your people Yisrael,", "be a perfect blessing;", "that there be in it neither", "stumbling nor iniquity", "from now, forever.", "
The Chazzan then says:
", "kohanim", "
The Congregation responds:
", "Your holy people, as it is said.", "
The Kohanim begin:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us", "with the holiness of Aharon", "and commanded us", "to bless His people, Yisrael, with love.38The kohanim are commanded to bless the people out of their feeling of love for the congregation of Hashem.", "
The Congregation but not the Chazzan answer:
", "Amein", "The Chazzan chants each word of the Birchas Kohanim and the kohanim pronounce it after Him. The Congregation should concentrate on their words, but not repeat them.", "May [He] bless you", "Adonoy", "and guard you.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone. This prayer is not said on the Sabbath.
", "Master of the World!", "I am Yours and my dreams are Yours.", "I have dreamed a dream", "and I do not know its meaning.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "that all my dreams regarding myself,", "and regarding all of Yisrael", "be for the good;", "those I have dreamed concerning myself,", "and those I have dreamed about others,", "and those that others have dreamed about me.", "If they are good dreams,", "strengthen and reinforce them", "and may they be fulfilled in me and in them,", "like the dreams of Joseph, the righteous.", "But if they require curing,", "cure them like Hezekiah, king of Judah,", "[who was healed] from his sickness;", "like Miriam, the prophetess", "from her tsoraas;39The word צָרַעַת should not be translated as leprosy. The illness of tsoraas described in the Torah has no relationship to the disease of leprosy. It is an illness which Hashem inflicts to show His displeasure with people. See Bamidbar 12:1-15.", "and like Naaman, from his tsoraas;40See II Kings 5:1-14", "like the waters of Marah", "through Moshe, our teacher,41See Shemos 15:22-25", "and like the waters of Jericho", "through Elisha.42See II Kings 2:19-22", "As You transformed", "the curse of the wicked Bilaam,", "from a curse to a blessing,43See Devarim 26:15", "so may you transform all my dreams", "regarding myself and regarding all of Yisrael", "for goodness.", "[May You] guard me,", "[may You] be gracious to me,", "and [may You] accept me favorably, Amein.", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: אָמֵן
", "May [He] shine", "Adonoy", "His countenance", "upon you", "and be gracious to you.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying וִיחֻנֶּֽךָּ, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone:
", "Master of the World!", "I am Yours and my dreams are Yours.", "I have dreamed a dream", "and I do not know its meaning.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "that all my dreams regarding myself,", "and regarding all of Yisrael", "be for the good;", "those I have dreamed concerning myself,", "and those I have dreamed about others,", "and those that others have dreamed about me.", "If they are good dreams,", "strengthen and reinforce them", "and may they be fulfilled in me and in them,", "like the dreams of Joseph, the righteous.", "But if they require curing,", "cure them like Hezekiah, king of Judah,", "[who was healed] from his sickness;", "like Miriam, the prophetess from her tsoraas;", "and like Naaman, from his tsoraas;", "like the waters of Marah", "through Moshe, our teacher,", "and like the waters of Jericho through Elisha.", "As You transformed", "the curse of the wicked Bilaam,", "from a curse to a blessing,", "so may you transform all my dreams", "regarding myself and regarding all of Yisrael", "for goodness.", "[May You] preserve me,", "[may You] be gracious to me,", "and [may You] accept me favorably, Amein.", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word וִיחֻנֶּֽךָּ, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: אָמֵן
", "May [He] turn—", "Adonoy—", "His countenance", "toward you", "and grant", "you", "peace.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying שָׁלוֹם, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone.
", "", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word שָׁלוֹם, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: אָמֵן
", "
After the kohanim conclude the blessing, the Congregation says:
", "Mighty One on high, abiding in power,", "You are peace and Your Name is Peace.", "May it be Your will, to bestow on us", "and on all of Your people,", "the House of Yisrael,", "life and blessing for the preservation of Peace.", "
After the kohanim conclude their blessing, they turn to the Ark and recite:
", "Master of the Universe,", "we have done", "what You have decreed upon us,", "now may You also do for us", "as You have promised:", "“Gaze from Your Sacred Dwelling,", "from the heavens,", "and bless Your people, Yisrael,", "and the land which You have given us—", "just as You swore to our fathers—", "a land flowing with milk and honey.”", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we", "and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "And it is said:", "“Through me [the Torah],", "shall your days be multiplied,", "and increased for you", "will be the years of your life.”", "For a good life, inscribe us,", "living God;", "inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "as it is written:", "“And You who cling to Adonoy, your God,", "are all alive today.”", "
The Ark is opened and the following is said responsively
", "This day, may You strengthen us.", "Amein.", "This day, may You bless us.", "Amein.", "This day, may You make us prominent.", "Amein.", "This day, may You seek our good.", "Amein.", "This day, renew for us a good year.", "Amein.", "This day, listen to our supplications.", "Amein.", "This day, accept with compassion and favor,", "[all] our prayers.", "Amein.", "This day, support us", "with Your right hand of righteousness.", "Amein.", "
The Ark is closed:
", "As of this day,", "bring us with happiness and joy", "unto [Your] Sanctuary at Yerushalayim,", "as it is written", "by the hand of Your prophet:", "“I will bring them to My holy mountain;", "and make them joyful in My House of Prayer,", "their burnt offerings and sacrifices", "will be accepted on My Altar;", "for My House", "shall be called a House of Prayer", "for all peoples.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy commanded us", "to carry out these statutes—", "to fear Adonoy, our God—", "for our own everlasting good,", "that He might keep us alive,", "as at this day.”", "And it is said:", "“And righteousness it will for us,", "if we preserve and do", "all this commandment", "in the presence of Adonoy, our God,", "as He commanded us.”", "And [may] righteousness,", "blessing, compassion,", "life and peace,", "be unto us and all Yisrael,", "forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "Hope to Adonoy;", "be strong and He will give you courage", "and hope to Adonoy.", "There is none holy like Adonoy", "for there is none beside You", "and there is no stronghold like our God.", "For who is a god other than Adonoy", "and who is a stronghold beside our God.", "There is none like our God.", "There is none like our Master.", "There is none like our King.", "There is none like our Deliverer.", "Who is like our God?", "Who is like our Master?", "Who is like our King.?", "Who is like our Deliverer?", "Let us thank our God.", "Let us thank our Master.", "Let us thank our King.", "Let us thank our Deliverer.", "Blessed is our God.", "Blessed is our Master.", "Blessed is our King.", "Blessed is our Deliverer.", "You are our God.", "You are our Master.", "You are our King.", "You are our Deliverer.", "You are He", "before Whom our fathers burned", "the incense offering.", "The composition of the incense consisted of", "balm, onycha,", "galbanum, and frankincense—", "by weight, seventy maneh of each;", "myrrh, cassia,", "spikenard and saffron", "by weight—", "sixteen maneh of each;", "twelve maneh of costus,", "three maneh of aromatic bark,", "and nine maneh of cinnamon. [Also", "used in compounding the incense were:]", "Nine kabin of Carshina lye,", "Cyprus wine [measuring]", "three s’in and three kabin—", "If he had no Cyprus wine,", "he could use strong white wine—", "a fourth of a kab of Sodom salt,", "and a minute quantity of maaleh ashan.", "Rabbi Nosson of Babylonia says,", "A minute quantity of Jordan amber", "[was added].", "If one added honey, the incense became unfit;", "and if one omitted any of its spices", "he was liable to the death penalty.", "Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says:", "“The balm is nothing but sap", "which drips from the balsam tree.”", "Why was Carshina lye used?", "To refine the onycha", "in order to make it pleasant.", "Why was Cyprus wine used?", "The Onycha was soaked in it", "to give it a pungent odor.", "Though the water of Raglayim", "was well suited for that purpose,", "they did not bring", "the water of Raglayim into the Temple", "because it would be disrespectful.", "These are the Psalms", "which the Levites recited", "in the Holy Temple:", "On Sunday, they used to recite,", "“The earth is Adonoy’s", "and the fullness thereof,", "the inhabited world", "and those who dwell in it.”", "On Monday, they used to recite,", "“Adonoy is great and highly extolled", "in the city of our God,", "the mountain of His Sanctuary.”", "On Tuesday, they used to recite,", "“God stands", "in the congregation of the Almighty;", "in the midst of judges, He gives judgment.”", "On Wednesday, they used to recite,", "“Almighty of vengeance, Adonoy,", "Almighty of vengeance, reveal Yourself.”", "On Thursday, they used to recite,", "“Sing joyously to God, our strength,", "shout for joy to the God of Yaakov.”", "On Friday, they used to say,", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself with majesty;", "Adonoy clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength,", "He has firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”", "On the Sabbath, they used to recite,", "“A psalm, a song for the Sabbath day.”", "It is a psalm, a song for the future,", "for the day which will be entirely Sabbath", "and rest for everlasting life.", "It was taught in the school of Elijah;", "Whoever studies halachos every day,", "he is assured", "of life in the World-to-Come,", "for it is said,", "“The ways (halichos) of the world are His.”", "Do not read halichos, but halachos.", "Rabbi Eliezer said", "on behalf of Rabbi Chanina:", "“The disciples of the wise", "increase peace in the world,", "for it is said:", "‘and all your children", "will be disciples of Adonoy’s [Torah];", "and great will be the peace of your children.’", "Do not read banayich [your children]", "but read bonayich [your builders].”", "Great is the peace", "of those who love Your Torah,", "and they will have no", "stumbling block [misfortune].", "Let there be peace within your moats,", "serenity within your palaces.", "For the sake of my brethren and companions,", "I will say: ‘Peace be with you.’", "For the sake", "of the House of Adonoy, our God,", "I will seek [pray for] your good.", "Adonoy will give strength to His people,", "Adonoy will bless His people with peace.”" ], "Kaddish d'Rabanan": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future —", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "Upon Yisrael, and upon our Sages,", "and upon their disciples,", "and upon all the disciples of their disciples,", "and upon all those who engage in Torah study", "in this land", "and in every land.", "May there be unto them and unto you", "abundant peace, favor, kindness,", "compassion, long life,", "ample sustenance and redemption", "from their Father", "Who is in heaven and on earth,", "—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and a good life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, in His mercy, make peace", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein." ], "Aleinu": [ "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator", "of the [world in the] beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory is in heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftiest heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true,", "all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth,", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You, every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear [allegiance to You].", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will all accept [upon themselves]", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One", "and His Name One.”" ], "Song of the Day": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "On Monday:", "Today is the second day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "A song, a psalm by the sons of Korach.", "Adonoy is great and highly extolled", "in the city of our God,", "the mountain of His Sanctuary.", "Beautiful in its panoramic vista,", "the joy of all the earth is Mount Tziyon,", "on the northern extremities (of Yerushalayim);", "the city of the great King.", "God, in its palaces,", "has become known as a Stronghold.", "For behold, the kings assembled,", "they passed by together.", "They saw and were astounded,", "they panicked and fled in haste.", "Trembling siezed them there,", "like the pangs of a woman in labor.", "With an east wind", "You smashed the ships of Tarshish.", "As we heard, so we saw", "in the city of Adonoy of Hosts,", "in the city of our God;", "may God establish it for eternity, Selah.", "We hoped, God, for Your lovingkindness", "in the midst of Your Sanctuary.", "As Your Name, God, so is Your praise—", "to the ends of the earth;", "Your right hand is full of righteousness.", "Let Mount Tziyon rejoice,", "let the daughters of Judah exult,", "because of Your judgments.", "Rally around Tziyon and encircle her,", "count her towers.", "Consider well her ramparts,", "raise high her citadels,", "that you may recount it", "to future generations.", "That this is God, our God", "forever and ever,", "He will lead us like children.", "On Tuesday:", "Today is the third day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "A psalm of Assaf.", "God stands", "in the congregation of the Almighty,", "in the midst of the judges He gives judgement.", "How long will you judge lawlessly", "and show partiality to the wicked, Selah?", "Render justice to the lowly and the orphan,", "deal righteously with the poor and destitute.", "Rescue the lowly and the needy,", "save them from the hand of the wicked.", "They neither know nor understand,", "they walk along in darkness,", "all the foundations of the earth are shaken.", "I had said “You are godlike beings,", "all of you sons of the Most High.”", "Nevertheless, you shall die like men,", "and fall like one of the princes.", "Arise, God, judge the earth,", "for You will inherit all the nations.", "On Thursday:", "Today is the fifth day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "To Him Who grants victory—", "upon the Gittis, a psalm of Assaf:", "Sing joyously to God, our strength,", "shout for joy to the God of Yaakov.", "Take up the hymn, sound the drum,", "the pleasant harp and the lute.", "Blow the shofar on the Rosh Chodesh,", "at the appointed time for our festive day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a [day of] judgement of the God of Yaakov.", "As a testimony for Yehosef, He ordained it", "when he went out over the land of Mitzrayim,", "[where] an unfamiliar language I heard.", "From the burden, I removed his shoulder,", "his hands were removed from the cauldron.", "In distress you called out, and I released you,", "I answered you", "[though you called] in secret", "[I answered you] thunderously;", "I tested you at the waters of Merivah. Selah.", "Hear, My people, I will testify about you,", "Yisrael, if you would just listen to Me.", "Let no strange god be within you,", "nor bow before a foreign god.", "I am Adonoy, your God,", "Who brought you up", "from the land of Mitzrayim,", "open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.", "But My people did not heed My voice,", "and Yisrael did not want Me.", "So I sent them to follow their heart’s desires,", "let them follow their own devices.", "If only My people would heed Me,", "if Yisrael would walk in My ways.", "I would immediately subdue their enemies,", "and turn My hand against their tormentors.", "Those who cause hate of Adonoy", "deceive [pretend obedience to] Him,", "but their time (of punishment)", "will be forever.", "But He would feed him (Yisrael)", "from the cream of the wheat,", "and from the rock,", "I would sate you with honey.", "On Shabbos:", "Today is the holy Shabbos", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "A psalm, a song for the Shabbos day.", "It is good to thank Adonoy,", "and sing praise to Your Name, Most High.", "To relate Your kindliness in the morning,", "and Your faithfulness in the nights.", "Upon a ten-stringed instrument and lute,", "in meditation upon the harp.", "For You have given me joy, Adonoy,", "with Your deeds,", "at the work of Your hands I sing joyously.", "How great are Your works, Adonoy;", "how infinitely profound are Your thoughts.", "An empty-headed man cannot know,", "nor does a fool understand this:", "When the wicked bloom like grass,", "and all the evildoers blossom—", "it is so that they may be destroyed forever.", "But You will remain on high forever Adonoy,", "For behold, Your enemies, Adonoy;", "behold, Your enemies shall perish;", "dispersed shall be all evildoers.", "You uplifted my horn like that of a unicorn;", "I am saturated with fresh oil.", "My eye has seen [the defeat of]", "those who spy on me;", "of the wicked who rise against me,", "my ears have heard [that they are doomed].", "The righteous will blossom like a date palm,", "like a cedar in Lebanon, he will grow tall.", "Planted in the House of Adonoy,", "in the Courtyards of our God", "they will blossom.", "They will still be fruitful in old age;", "they will be full of sap and freshness.", "To declare that Adonoy is upright;", "He is my Stronghold;", "in Whom there is no injustice.", "The following Psalm (27) voices our prayer that God will be our light on Rosh Hashana enabling us to repel the darkness of sin through true repentance, and that He will be our salvation on Yom Kippur, through His compassionate atonement of our sins.", "By Dovid:", "Adonoy is my light and my salvation,", "whom shall I fear?", "Adonoy is the strength44Rav S.R. Hirsch’s translates, “Adonoy is the source of my life’s strength,” thus Dovid declares that Hashem is the fount from which his life derives its power to resist all foes. of my life,", "of whom shall I be afraid?", "When evildoers approach me", "to devour my flesh—", "my tormentors and my foes", "they stumble and fall.", "If an army should encamp against me,", "my heart would not fear;", "if war were to rise against me", "in this45Dovid says that he trusts in the declaration stated in the opening verse, “Adonoy is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?”—Rashi, Radak I trust.", "One thing I request of Adonoy,", "[only] that shall I seek:", "that I may dwell46The literal translation of שִׁבְתִּי is “my sitting.” The Talmud states that “no man may ‘sit’ in the courtyard of the Temple except for the kings of the House of Dovid.—Maseches Soteh 40b in the House of Adonoy", "all the days of my life,", "to behold the pleasantness of Adonoy,", "and to meditate in His Sanctuary.", "For He will hide me in His Tabernacle47The Vilna Gaon comments that the commandment of Succos is implied in this verse and the next.", "on the day of distress,", "He will conceal me in the shelter of His Tent,", "upon a rock He will lift me.", "And now my head is raised high", "above my enemies around me;48Dovid declares, “Because I look up to Hashem in every aspect of my existence, I am so exalted that no enemy can harm me.—S.R. Hirsch", "and I will offer in His Tent,", "sacrifices", "[accompanied] with trumpets of joy;", "I will sing and chant to Adonoy.", "Adonoy, hear my voice49This verse alludes to Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. “Hear my voice,” refers to Rosh Hashana when we sound the shofar. The word “my voice (sound)” refers to the “voice” of the shofar. “When I call” refers to Yom Kippur, about which Yeshaya (55:6) said, “call to Him when He is near.”—Siddur HaGra when I call;", "be gracious to me and answer me.", "Of You, my heart has said,", "“Seek My Presence”;", "Your Presence, Adonoy I will seek.", "Conceal not Your Presence from me,", "do not turn away Your servant in anger.", "You have been my help;", "neither cast me off nor abandon me,", "God of my deliverance.", "Altough my father and mother", "abandon50Even if I were so depraved that my own mother and father would abandon me to my own devices, Hashem would still gather me up and believe in my ability to mend my ways.—S.R. Hirsch me,", "Adonoy will gather me up.", "Adonoy, teach me Your way,", "and lead me in the path of uprightness,", "because of my watchful foes.51His enemies. Dovid asks for Divine help that he be saved even from the mere semblance of wrongdoing so that his foes should not be able to rejoice over his faults.—S.R. Hirsch", "Do not deliver me", "to the will of my tormentors,", "for false witnesses have risen against me,", "who breathe violence.", "Had I not believed52“These false witnesses would have destroyed me had I not believed that I would see the goodness of Hashem in the land of the living.”—Rashi, Radak that I would see", "the goodness of Adonoy", "in the land of living.53There are various interpretations of the “Land of the living.” Some hold that it refers to the present world in which we live—Metsudas Tziyon; Ramban holds that it refers to the World-to- Come; and Malbim says that it refers to Eretz Yisroel.", "Hope to Adonoy,", "be strong and He will give you courage;", "and hope to Adonoy." ], "Hymn of Glory": [ "This closing hymn is called “Hymn of Glory” because it sings the praises and great glory of God. According to some scholars, the hymn was composed by Rabbi Samuel ben Kolonimus, the father of Rabbu Judah of Regensburg, known as Rabbi Yehudah ha-Chassid, a saint and mystic. Others say that Rabbi Yehudah himself wrote it." ] }, "Second Day of Rosh Hashana": { "Amidah": [ "When I proclaim Adonoy’s Name", "attribute greatness to our God.", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake,1When saying the words, “לְמַעַנְךָ אֶלֹקִים חַיִים,” “for Your sake living God,” you might offer this silent prayer: Master of the Universe, because we believe in the absolute unity of Your Name, that You alone are the living God, and there is nothing besides You, it is fitting and proper that You inscribe us in the Book of Life.—Yesod V’shoresh HaAvodah Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.2The Divine deliverance of our people will not come about in a sudden, dramatic fashion, but rather as a gradual development, as a plant that sprouts forth in stages.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.3The Chasam Sofer says that זו‍ֹכֵר יְצוּרָיו לְחַיִים בְּרַחֲמִים does not mean that we ask Hashem to remember us for life in His mercy, but rather that He grant us חַיִים שֶׁל רַחֲמִים, a life of mercy, a life in which we will exemplify the quality and virtue of compassion.", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "DIVINE SANCTIFICATION", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,4When saying these sentences, bear in mind these words: “How long has Your great, sacred Name been desecrated among the nations as they taunt us, asking, “Where is Your God? Why doesn’t He come to your aid?” Therefore, let Your awe be upon all Your works, Your dread upon all You have created, so they may all know there is no God but You, and thus will Your Name be exalted and sanctified even among the nations.—Yesod V’Shoresh HaAvodah", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.5The ultimate sanctification of Hashem’s great and Holy Name over the nation of Yisrael will have a tremendous impact on all peoples and will result in their spiritual uplifting for they will be inspired to fear Hashem, and subject themselves to His rule.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, (Yalkut Yedeos HaEmes)", "And may they all form a single band6The Divine inspiration of Hashem, Who is One, the Unity par excellence, can only be experienced by an entity, united, in a single cause. The nation of Yisrael, though composed of individuals, is nevertheless a unit, bound by its singular belief in Hashem and Torah. Thus we are referred to as גוֹי אֶחָד בָּאָרֶץ one nation in the land, and as such, we are capable of receiving and retaining the Divine influence. The nations of the world however are many, and the diversity within each nation is great. In their present status they are incapable of experiencing the Divine inspiration. We pray, therefore, for the time when they will attach themselves to the nation of Yisrael, and recognize the superiority of our moral and spiritual values. Then, they will attain a level of unity and be capable of receiving a degree of Divine enlightenment. This is the intent of our prayer, “and may they all form a single band.”—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid.", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,7Those who understand and recognize the mysterious ways in which Hashem rules the world, realize that despite superficial events that seem to indicate otherwise, Hashem’s rule is indisputable and all powerful. Thus we declare our firm belief in His rulership and His strength.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,8Despite our status as a chosen and holy people, only when the entire world reaches its ultimate perfection, will we achieve our ultimate goal. Thus only after Hashem’s kingdom is revealed in the world, and good triumphs over evil, will we reach our maximum potential and thereby bask in His glory. This is our prayer, “grant honor, Almighty, to Your people.”—R. Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Ibid.", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,9The only setting for this glorious fulfillment is in the Holy Land—there in the chosen land, will the chosen people experience its true spiritual fulfillment, under the leadership of the king, a descendant of the chosen house of royalty, the house of Dovid.", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant10The literal translation of קֶרֶן is horn, but it is often translated pride because the horn is the pride of the animal.", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous11According to Pri Tzadik, the righteous are those who serve Hashem with meticulous observance of Torah and Mitzvos even without experiencing the inner joy and radiance of serving Him. They will therefore be privileged to see and rejoice in the time to come. will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright12The upright are those whose hearts are filled with joy at serving their Creator through the fulfillment of Torah and Mitzvos. They will therefore be jubilant at the revelation of Hashem’s kingdom.—Pri Tzadik will be jubilant,", "and the pious13The pious are those whose attachment to Hashem is so great that they serve Him in ways which are even beyond and above the precisely ordained commands of the Torah. They will be privileged to exult in joyous song at the time to come. will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil14The terms, injustice, all wickedness and rule of evil refer to Amalek, the archenemy of the Jewish people and of Hashem. Its name and memory will ultimately be obliterated from the earth.—R’ Moshe Chaim Luzzato", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone15And thus will begin the kingdom of Hashem on earth, which is the ultimate goal of man’s development through the ages and which centers forever in Yerushalayim and Tziyon.—S.R. Hirsch", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations. Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice16“When is Hashem exalted through justice?” The Talmud answers, “He is exalted during the ten days from Rosh Hashana until Yom Kippur.”—Berachos 12b", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.17When saying “the King, the Holy One” bear in mind, that it is impossible for a human being to conceive or imagine His holiness.", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;18You have designated us for a specific task and destiny.", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;19Your love for us was made manifest when You took us out of Egypt.", "You exalted us above all tongues,20We were exalted above all tongues when we received the Torah at Sinai, when Hashem chose our tongue as the most suited language for the revelation of His Torah.—S.R. Hirsch", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King,", "to Your servitude21By giving us Your Torah, You have become our King and so have permitted us to draw near to You as Your loyal servants.—S.R. Hirsch", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.22By shaping all of our life’s values and by Your evident guidance of our destinies, You have made us the bearers of Your Name.—S.R. Hirsch", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "this day of Remembrance23In the Torah, (Vayikra 23:24) Rosh Hashana is described with the words יִהְיֶה לָכֶם שַׁבָּתו‍ֹן זִכְרו‍ֹן תְּרוּעָה. We are thus taught that it is both a day of זִכָּרו‍ֹן, remembrance, and תְּרוּעָה, a day of sounding the teruah. Rav S.R. Hirsch writes that both terms are addressed to us. We are told that we must stop and thoughtfully reexamine the paths we have followed, just as our Creator remembers us, and examines our past conduct. With the blast of the shofar we are summoned to break with our past errors and to abandon everything in our lives that does not meet with Hashem’s favor.", "a day for sounding the shofar23In the Torah, (Vayikra 23:24) Rosh Hashana is described with the words יִהְיֶה לָכֶם שַׁבָּתו‍ֹן זִכְרו‍ֹן תְּרוּעָה. We are thus taught that it is both a day of זִכָּרו‍ֹן, remembrance, and תְּרוּעָה, a day of sounding the teruah. Rav S.R. Hirsch writes that both terms are addressed to us. We are told that we must stop and thoughtfully reexamine the paths we have followed, just as our Creator remembers us, and examines our past conduct. With the blast of the shofar we are summoned to break with our past errors and to abandon everything in our lives that does not meet with Hashem’s favor.", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "But because of our sins,", "we were exiled from our land,", "and driven far away from our soil;", "and we are unable,", "and to perform our obligatory offerings", "in Your chosen House,", "in the great and holy House", "upon which Your Name is proclaimed,", "because of the hand [of violence]", "that was sent against Your Sanctuary.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "merciful King,", "to once again have compassion on us", "and on Your Sanctuary", "in Your abundant mercy;", "and rebuild it soon", "and greatly enhance its glory.", "Our Father, our King!", "reveal the glory of Your Kingship", "upon us soon,", "appear and be uplifted over us", "before the eyes of all living things.", "Bring near our scattered [people]", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of the earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with everlasting joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices—", "the daily [burnt] offerings in their order,", "and the Musaf offerings", "according to their rule.", "And the Musaf offerings of", "this Day of Remembrance", "we will prepare and bring before You", "with love", "according to the command of Your will;", "as You wrote for us in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "And in the seventh month,", "on the first day of the month,", "a day of holy assembly it shall be for you,", "all work of labor, you shall not do;", "a day of blowing [the shofar]", "it shall be for you.", "And you will prepare a burnt-offering", "for a pleasing savor to Adonoy;", "one young bullock,", "one ram,", "seven yearling lambs,", "without blemish.24Bamidbar 29:1-2.", "And their meal-offerings and libations", "as stated:", "three tenths [of an epha of fine flour]", "for the bullock,", "two tenths for the ram,", "and one tenth for each lamb,", "and wine according to each libation;", "and two he goats for atonement,", "and the two daily burnt-offerings", "according to their law.", "[These are] besides", "the burnt-offering of Rosh Chodesh", "and its meal-offering,", "and the daily burnt-offering", "and its meal-offering;", "and their drink-offering", "according to their law.", "for a pleasing savor,", "an offering consumed by fire to Adonoy.25Bamidbar 29:3-6.", "Introduction to מַלְכֻיּוֹת, זִכְרוֹנוֹת, וְשׁוֹפָרוֹת", "The major portion of the Musaf service, is based on the three concepts: מַלְכֻיּוֹת, namely, that God reigns over the world and we accept His rule; זִכְרוֹנוֹת, that He remembers as He reviews our past; and שׁוֹפָרוֹת, that we are called upon to follow Him into a new future of Torah obedience and fulfillment. These thoughts are impressed upon us in the Musaf service by means of detailed references from the Bible. For each of these three concepts we are given ten Biblical quotations, three from the Torah, three from Sacred Writings, (כְּתוּבִים), and three from the Prophets, (נְבִיאִים). The final quotation is again taken from the Torah; for the Torah is the exclusive, basic source of all Jewish truth, and neither the Writings or the Prophets contain any thought that is not contained in some form in the Torah. Thus these series of quotations both begin and end with quotations from the Torah itself. In keeping with the Talmudic principle, מַעֲלִין בַּקוֹדֶשׁ וְלֹא מוֹרִידִין “that one must always proceed upward and forward, and never backward and downward with respect to things holy,” the quotations from the Writings precede those from the Prophets; for while the Writings are only the product of sacred inspiration, רוּחַ הַקוֹדֶשׁ, the words of the Prophets are the actual, direct, Divine revelation. Thus in this sequence, that which is written in the Writings is confirmed by the Prophets and sealed by the Torah.", "The prayer of עָלֵינוּ sets the tone of מַלְכֻיּוֹת for it declares our acceptance of God as our Master and Creator. It concludes with the proclamation that all men will eventually accept upon themselves the yoke of His Kingdom.", "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator of [the world in] the beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory", "is in the heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftier heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true, all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth;", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize, and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear allegiance to You.", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will accept upon themselves", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“He beheld no iniquity in Yaakov,", "nor did He see wrongdoing in Yisrael;", "Adonoy, His God is with him,", "and the love of the king is among them.”26Bamidbar 23:21. These words were uttered by Bilaam when he was asked to curse the nation of Yisrael. He realized that Yisrael was a unique nation in the eyes of Hashem, their King, and thus were invulnerable to his curses.", "And it is said:", "“And He was King in Yeshurun,", "with the gathering of the heads of the people,", "the tribes of Yisrael were united.”27Devarim 33:5. Rashi says that Hashem was King of Yisrael only when the tribes of Yisrael were united. When there is unity and harmony among Jews, the kingdom of Hashem is revealed and enhanced.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“For the kingship is Adonoy’s,", "and He rules over nations.”28Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna", "And it is said:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself in majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has also firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”29Tehillim 93:1.", "And it is said:", "“Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and be uplifted", "entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and lift up entranceways to eternity,30The words וּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and lift up entranceways to eternity,” imply that the gates of the Temple will lift up voluntarily, whereas the earlier words וְהִנָשְׂאוּ פִתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and be uplifted entranceways to eternity” suggests that the gates must be uplifted against their will. The Siach Yitzchak quoting Malbim explains that initially Hashem was referred to as the King of Glory because He appeared as strong and mighty in battle, forcing the wicked to bend to His will. Therefore, the gates do not open willingly to permit the glory of Hashem to enter, and must be opened by force. Ultimately, however, the world will be so spiritually saturated that it will recognize Hashem’s greatness as the Creator of all. The gates will open by themselves to welcome Hashem, not as One mighty in vengeance but as the masterful Creator of the world.", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, Selah.”31Tehillim 24:7-10.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“Thus said Adonoy,", "King of Yisrael and its Redeemer,", "Adonoy Tzevaos:", "‘I am the first and I am the last;32Yeshaya 44:6. According to the Kuzari, “first” is used to preclude the notion that anything existed before Him, but not to assert that He has a beginning. Similarly, “last” is used only to repudiate the idea that there is an end to His existence, not to fix a term for Him.", "and beside Me, there is no God’.”33Yeshaya 44:6.", "And it is said:", "“And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon", "to judge the mount of Esau,", "and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.”34Ovadyah 1:21.", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day", "Adonoy will be One and His Name One.”35Zecharyah 14:9. In messianic times, Hashem will be recognized as the One and only God by all nations, and they will accept Him willingly, proclaiming His unity.", "And in Your Torah it is written:", "“Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God", "Adonoy is One!”36Devarim 6:4.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You have formed it.", "And they will say", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "
The following prayers and Scriptural readings form the portion of Shemoneh Esreh referred to as, זִכְרוֹנוֹת—Remembrances.
", "You remember", "the dealings of [men in] today’s world,", "and You [also] consider the behavior", "of all those who lived in earlier times.37These four lines are translated according to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza (the Rebbe of Rashi) and Avudraham.", "In Your Presence are revealed", "all hidden things", "and the multitude of secrets", "from the beginning of creation;", "for there is no forgetfulness", "before the throne of Your Glory,", "and there is nothing hidden from Your eyes.", "You remember all that has been done,38According to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, כָּל הַמִּפְעָל refers to “all that has been done by man,” or it might also imply “all that has been done by Hashem and thus indicates that Hashem remembers all His creatures. Whereas the first part of the prayer deals with man and his actions, כָּל הַמִּפְעָל refers to all the inanimate things such as the earth and its produce.—Avudraham", "and even all that which is formed39According to Avudraham these words refer to those who are yet unborn.", "is not concealed from You.", "All is revealed and known before You", "Adonoy, our God", "Who observes and looks", "until the end of all generations.", "For You set", "an appointed time of remembrance,40The appointed time of remembrance in Rosh Hashana. On that day Adam was created, and on that same day Hashem judged Him for his transgression, after he ate from the tree of knowledge. According to Rabbenu Shlomo this is in accord with the Midrashim that hold the world was created on the twenty-fifth day of Elul.", "to consider every soul and being;", "to cause numerous deeds to be remembered", "and the multitude of creatures without end.", "From the beginning of creation,", "You have made this known,", "and from before time", "You have revealed it.", "This day [Rosh Hashana]", "is the beginning of Your work41According to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, Rosh Hashana is the day on which Adam was created, (see above note 40) and according to Avudraham it is the first day of creation.", "a memorial of the first day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael", "a [day of] judgment of the God of Yaakov.42Tehillim 81:5.", "And over countries", "[judgment] is pronounced,", "which of them is destined for the sword [war]", "and which for peace,", "which for famine and which for abundance.", "And on it, creatures are brought to mind,", "to be remembered for life or for death.", "Who is not considered on this day?", "For the remembrance of all that is formed", "comes before You:", "the dealings of man,", "and the decree of his fate,43The word וּפְקוּדָתו‍ֹ has been translated according to Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza and Avudraham.", "and the misdeeds of man’s actions,", "the thoughts of man and his schemes,", "and the motives for the deeds of man.44The motives for man’s deeds are the יֵצֶר טו‍ֹב, the Good Inclination, and the יֵצֶר הָרָע, the Evil Inclination.—Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza and Avudraham", "Fortunate is the man", "who does not forget You,", "the son of man", "who gains strength in You.", "For those who seek You", "will never stumble,", "and never will they be disgraced—", "all who trust in You.", "For the remembrance of all their deeds", "come before You,", "and You examine the deeds of all of them.", "And No’ach too, You remembered with love,", "and [therefore] decreed for him", "a promise of deliverance and compassion,", "when You brought the flood-waters", "to destroy all flesh", "because of the wickedness of their deeds.", "Therefore, his remembrance came before You,", "Adonoy, our God,", "to multiply his seed", "like the dust of the earth,", "and his descendants as the sand of the sea;", "as it is written in Your Torah;", "“And God remembered No’ach45According to the Midrash, since there is no forgetfulness before Hashem, the words וַיִזְכֹּר אֱלֹקִים אֶת נֹחַ, imply that Hashem took cognizance of No’ach’s virtuous deeds. According to Rashi, He took special cognizance of the fact that No’ach provided for the animals in the ark for twelve months.", "and all the beasts", "and all the cattle", "that were with him in the Ark,", "and God caused a wind to pass", "over the earth,", "and the waters were calmed.”46Bereishis 8:1.", "And it is said:", "“And God heard their groaning cry,", "and God remembered His covenant", "with Avraham, with Yitzchak,", "and with Yaakov.”47Shemos 2:24. The Biblical verse deals with Hashem’s promise to redeem the children of Yisrael when they were yet enslaved in Egypt.", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant with Yaakov,", "and also My covenant with Yitzchak,", "and also My covenant with Avraham,", "will I remember;", "and the land [of Yisrael] I will remember.”48Vayikra 26:42. This verse deals with the ultimate repentance of all Yisrael and Hashem’s promise to return them to their homeland.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“He made a memorial for His wonders,", "gracious and merciful is Adonoy.”49Tehillim 111:4.", "And it is said:", "“He gave food to those who fear Him;", "He is ever mindful of His covenant.”50Tehillim 111:5.", "And it is said:", "“And He remembered His covenant for them,", "and He relented", "in accordance with His abundant kindness.”51Tehillim 106:45.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets it is written:", "“Go and proclaim it", "in the ears of Yerushalayim, saying:", "thus said Adonoy,", "I remembered for you", "the kindness of your youth,52According to Malbim “the kindness of your youth” refers to the kindness of our forefathers who accepted the Oneness of Hashem and proclaimed His Kingship to a world steeped in the worship of idols. Metsudas Dovid maintains however that “the kindness of your youth” refers to the kindness Hashem bestowed on us at the early stage of our history, when He selected Yisrael as His special, unique people.", "the love of your bridal days,53This refers to the love Hashem bestowed on Yisrael when He gave us the Torah at Sinai. Our Sages refer to this event as the canopy, the chupah, by which the children of Yisrael were betrothed to Him.—Malbim, Metsudas Dovid", "how you followed Me into the wilderness,54Hashem recalls the faith of His people who followed Moshe into the wilderness.—Malbim, Metsudas Dovid
Rashi maintains that the entire verse refers to one period of time. He says that the kindness of our youth was manifested when we followed Him, i.e., His messengers, Moshe and Ahahron, into the wilderness.", "in a land that was not cultivated.”55Yirmiyahu 2:2.", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant", "[which I made] with you", "in the days of your youth,", "and I will fulfill it for you", "as an everlasting covenant.”56Yechezkel 16:60.", "And it is said:", "“Is Ephraim not My precious son,", "is he not a child of delight?", "For whenever I speak of him,", "I recall him even more;57These words must be understood in the context of the two sentences (Yirmiyahu 31:17-18) preceding them. I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself, saying: “You have chastised me and I was chastised ... I was ashamed, I was also disgraced, because I bear the humiliation of the sins of my youth.” Thus, explains Rabbenu Shlomo of Germaza, when Hashem hears Ephraim’s words of repentance, He is moved to proclaim His Divine love for him and to recall His delight in him. Ephraim is the name by which the ten tribes of Yisrael was referred.", "Therefore,", "My innermost being is aroused for him,", "I will surely have compassion on him,58The Almighty pledges His Divine mercy and promises to deliver them from exile.—Radak", "says Adonoy.”59Yirmiyahu 31:19. After reciting this verse, you might offer this silent prayer: Master of the Universe, remember on this Day of Judgment, that we are Your precious and loving children. Is there another nation in the entire world that gives You such נַחַת רוּחַ, pleasure, from the fulfillment of Your sacred commandments, as we do. We therefore beseech You, our God, arouse Your mercy upon Your holy people and deliver us from this bitter exile, so that Your great and sacred Name will no longer be desecrated among the nations of the world.—Yesod Veshoresh HaAvodah", "Our God and God of our fathers", "remember us favorably before You", "and be mindful of us", "for deliverance and compassion", "from the eternal high heavens.", "Remember in our behalf, Adonoy, our God,", "the covenant, the kindness", "and the oath which You swore", "to our father Avraham on Mount Moriah,", "and let there appear before You", "the binding with which our father Avraham", "bound his son Yitzchak upon the altar,", "and how he suppressed his compassion", "to do Your will with a whole heart;", "so may Your compassion suppress", "Your anger against us,", "and in Your great goodness", "turn Your fierce anger away", "from Your people, and from Your city,", "from Your land,", "and from Your territorial heritage.", "And fulfill for us Adonoy, our God", "the promise You made in Your Torah,", "through Your servant, Moshe,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“I will remember for them", "the covenant with their forefathers", "whom I took out", "of the land of Mitzrayim,", "before the eyes of the nations,", "to be their God;", "I am Adonoy.”60Vayikra 31:19.", "For He Who remembers all forgotten things", "from eternity, are You,", "and there is no forgetfulness", "before the Throne of Your Glory;", "and the binding of Yitzchak—", "on behalf of his descendants—", "may You remember it today with compassion.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "Who remembers the covenant.", "
The following prayers and Scriptural readings form the portion of Shemoneh Esreh referred to as שׁוֹפָרוֹת.
", "You were revealed in Your cloud of glory", "to Your holy people", "to speak to them.", "From the heavens,", "You let them hear Your voice,", "and revealed Yourself to them", "in pure clouds.", "So too, the entire world", "quivered before You,61When the Torah was given to the people of Yisrael, Hashem’s voice was heard to the ends of the world, and all the people trembled in their dwellings.—Maseches Zevachim 116a", "and the works of creation62The “works of creation” (בְּרִיּו‍ֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית) refers to those works that came into being as a direct result of Hashem’s command, such as the sun, moon, the stars, etc. that have existed since the Creation.—S.R. Hirsch", "trembled before You,63When Hashem’s voice was heard at Sinai, the heavens, and the earth were shaken, the oceans and the rivers retreated, the mountains and the hills collapsed, and all the trees bowed down.—Pirkei d’R’Eliezer (41)", "when You, our King revealed Yourself", "upon Mount Sinai", "to teach Your people Torah and mitzvos.", "You let them hear", "the majestic splendor of Your voice,", "and Your holy words from flames of fire;", "amidst thunder and lightning", "You revealed Yourself to them,", "and with the sound of a shofar,", "You appeared to them,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“And it was on the third day,", "as morning dawned", "there was thunder and lightning,", "and a dense cloud over the mountain,", "and the sound of a shofar", "was exceedingly loud;", "and all the people in the camp trembled.”64Shemos 19:16.", "And it is said:", "“And the sound of the shofar", "became increasingly louder;65When a man blows a trumpet, the longer he blows the weaker the sound becomes; but the shofar blast on Mount Sinai grew louder and louder.—Rashi", "Moshe spoke", "and God answered him by voice.”66Shemos 19:19.", "And it is said:", "“And all the people saw the sounds67They saw that which was normally heard.—Rashi", "and the flames,", "and the sound of the shofar,", "and the mountain in smoke;", "and the people saw and were shaken,", "and stood from afar.”68Shemos 20:15.", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“God has ascended with a blast,", "Adonoy, with the sound of a shofar.”69Tehillim 47:6.", "And it is said:", "“With trumpets and the sound of a shofar", "raise your voices before the King, Adonoy.”70Tehillim 98:6.", "And it is said:", "“Blow a shofar on the New Moon,", "as the appointed time for our festive-day.71The Talmud (Rosh Hashana 8a) relates the word כֶּסֶה to כְּסֹה, covering. All the festivals occur when the moon is clearly visible. Rosh Hashana occurs at the beginning of the month when the moon is still covered.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a day of judgment of the God of Yaakov.”72Tehillim 81:4-5.", "And it is said:", "“Praise God.", "Praise the Almighty in His Sanctuary73His sanctuary refers to the world of angels who minister to Him as He appears on His kingly throne.—Radak", "Praise God in the firmament of His might.74The “firmament of His might” refers to the heavenly spheres through which Hashem’s mastery of the physical world is revealed.—Radak", "Praise Him for His mighty deeds,", "Praise Him", "according to the abundance of His greatness.", "Praise Him with the blowing of a shofar,75The shofar is the solemn instrument which awakens and calls us to Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with lyre and harp.76The lyre and harp are instruments which express man’s meditation upon Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with drum and dance,77“Drum and dance” indicates public expressions of exultation in Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him", "with stringed instruments and flute.78The string instruments and the flute indicate the inner rejoicing of the individual.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with resounding cymbals,79The cymbal was used to call entire assemblages to attentive participation.—S.R. Hirsch", "Praise Him with clanging cymbals.", "Let every soul praise God,", "Praise God.”80Tehillim 150.", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“All who inhabit the world of man", "and who dwell on earth—", "when the banner is raised on the mountains", "you will see it;", "and when a shofar will be sounded,", "you will hear it.”81Yeshaya 18:3.", "And it is said:", "“And it will be on that day,", "that a great shofar will be sounded,", "and they will come—", "those who were lost in the land of Ashur,82Those who were exiled to Assyria were referred to as lost because they never returned to their land and their whereabouts was never determined (Etz Yosef, Dover Sholom).", "and those who were outcasts", "in the land of Mitzrayim,", "and they will prostrate themselves", "to Adonoy,", "on the holy mountain in Yerushalayim.”83Yeshaya 27:13.", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will appear over them,", "and His arrow will go forth like lightning;", "and my Master, Adonoy, will sound the shofar", "and go forth in the whirlwinds of the south.84Hashem will appear as a storming whirlwind to destroy Antiochus and his army. Others interpret this as a reference to the nation of Aram which will be destroyed (See Rashi to Zecharyah 9:14).", "Adonoy Tzevaos will protect them.”85Hashem will protect the nation of Yisrael. According to Ibn Ezra this refers to Hashem’s Divine protection of the Hasmoneans (Zecharyah 9:14-15).", "So may You be a shield", "over Your people, Yisrael,", "with Your peace.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "sound a great shofar for our liberty", "and raise a banner to gather our exiles.", "And bring near our scattered people", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of [the] earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with eternal joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices,", "as we were commanded in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“And on the day of your rejoicing,", "and on your appointed festivals,", "and on your Rosh Chodesh days,", "you will sound the trumpets", "over your burnt-offerings", "and over the sacrifices", "of your peace offerings,", "and they will be a memorial for you", "before your God;", "I am Adonoy, your God.”86Bamidbar 10:10.", "For You hear the sound of shofar,", "and listen to the teruah;", "and there is none like You.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who hears the sound", "of the teruah of His people, Yisrael,", "with compassion.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand", "and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Reader's Repetition": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "THE VIRTUE OF OUR FOREFATHERS", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "
Those congregations that did not recite this prayer during Shacharis, recite it now in Musaf.
", "
The Ark is opened:
", "And thus", "all acknowledge You their Sovereign,", "to the Almighty", "Who apportions judgment;", "Who examines hearts", "on the day of judgment;", "Who reveals depths [of the heart]", "in judgment;", "Who speaks uprightly", "on the day of judgment;", "Who utters knowledge in judgment;", "to Him Who is steadfast,", "and yet deals kindly on the day of judgment;", "Who recalls His covenant in judgment;", "Who has pity on His works", "on the day of judgment;", "Who purifies those who trust in Him,", "in judgment;", "Who knows the thoughts of man", "on the day of judgment;", "Who suppresses His anger in judgment;", "Who is clothed in righteousness", "on the day of judgment;", "Who forgives iniquities in judgment;", "Who is awesome in praise", "on the day of judgment;", "Who pardons those borne by Him,", "in judgment;", "Who answers those who call upon Him", "on the day of judgment;", "Who exercises His compassion in judgment;", "Who scrutinizes secrets", "on the day of judgment;", "Who acquires His servants, in judgment;", "Who has compassion on His people", "on the day of judgment;", "Who preserves those who love Him,", "in judgment;", "Who supports His perfect ones", "on the day of judgment.", "And thus", "unto You may [our] sanctification ascend,", "for You our God are King!", "There is a famous legend behind this stirring prayer as recorded in the thirteenth century work, Ohr Zerua, by Rabbi Yitzchak of Vienna. In the section dealing with laws of Rosh Hashana (Section 276), he writes, “I found a letter from Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn, in which he wrote that Rabbi Amnon of Mayence authored the וּנְתַנֶּה תֹּקֶף as a result of a tragic incident in his life.” This is the story as recorded in the letter:", "Rabbi Amnon of Mayence, a great scholar, a person of wealth, a handsome man of noble ancestry was under great pressure from the lords and Archbishop of the city to change his faith and adopt their religion. He repeatedly ignored them but on one occasion, in order to put them off, he asked for three days to consider their request. Afterwards he was heartbroken because he had given the impression that he might actually consider renouncing his belief in the One Living God. He refused food or drink; weeping bitterly over his lapse, he refused to accept the sympathy and consolation of friends and relatives.", "At the end of the three days he was summoned by the Archbishop, but he ignored the summons. A distinguished delegation was sent to ask him to appear at the court but he refused them. Finally, he was brought before the court by force, and the Archbishop demanded, “Why did you not come and answer me as you promised?” Rabbi Amnon answered, “As a punishment, you should have my tongue cut out, because my tougue deceived you.” Rabbi Amnon thought to sanctify God’s Name in this manner, since his tongue had uttered such a promise. The Archbishop replied, “No, I will not cut out your tongue for it spoke well, instead, I will cut off your feet for they did not bring you to me.” The tyrant ordered that his hands and feet be cut off in piecemeal fashion; asking him at each interval if he was willing to renounce his faith. He was finally released and sent home with his severed and mutilated limbs aside him in bed.", "The holiday of Rosh Hashana was at hand, and the Rabbi, dying from the effects of his wounds, was at his own request carried into the synagogue, bringing his severed limbs with him. When the Chazzan was about to recite the Kedushah, Rabbi Amnon asked him to stop, saying, “Pause that I may sanctify His Most Holy Name,” and he said in a loud voice: וּבְכֵן וּלְךָ תַעֲלֶה קְדֻשָּׁה, and thus may this sanctification ascend to You, inferring that with his terrible suffering, he had sanctified God’s Name. He then began reciting the וּנְתַנֶּה תֹּקֶף, and with the words אֱמֶת כִּי אַתָּה הוּא דַיָּן וּמוֹכִֽיח, true that You are Judge and Admonisher, he indicated his acceptance of God’s Divine judgment, and with the words וְתִכְתֹּב אֶת גְּזַר דִּינָם, and You recorded the decree of their judgments, he manifested his belief that his fate had been decreed on Rosh Hashana. No sooner had he finished the prayer when he expired. Three days later, he appeared to Rabbi Kolonymus ben Meshullam in a dream and taught him this prayer, asking him to introduce it to all congregations as a testimonial and as a memorial for him. This prayer has formed a portion of our Service ever since.", "Let us describe", "the great holiness of this day,", "for it is awesome and frightening.", "On this day, Your Kingship is uplifted,1His Kingship is uplifted through our saying of “מַלְכֻיּו‍ֹת—זִכְרו‍ֹנו‍ֹת—שׁו‍ֹפָרו‍ֹת” and the sounding of the shofar.", "and Your throne is established with kindness,2Hashem rules with kindness.", "and You sit upon it in truth.3See Yeshaya 16:5. Truth in this sense might refer to Hashem’s permanence (Metsudas Dovid) or to Hashem’s love of truth (Malbim).", "True that You are judge,", "admonisher, knower and witness;", "and You inscribe, seal, record and count,", "and recall all forgotten things.4Forgotten things refer only to things we may have forgotten, for there is no forgetfulness before Hashem.", "You open the book of records", "and it reads of itself;", "and the signature of every man is in it.", "A great shofar is sounded,", "and a silent, gentle voice is heard;", "and the angels are alarmed,", "pangs of fear and trembling sieze them,5See Job 4:18, “הֵן בַּעֲבָדָיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וּבְמַלְאָכָיו יָשִׂים תָּהָלָה” Behold! He puts no trust in His servants, and His angels, He charges with foolishness.”", "and they declare,", "“behold the Day of Judgment.”", "The heavenly host is arraigned in judgment,", "for they are not guiltless in Your eyes", "in judgment.6See Job 15:16, “הֵן בִּקְדו‍ֹשָׁיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וְשָׁמַיִם לֹא זַכוּ בְעֵינָיו” Behold! “He puts no trust in His holy ones, and even those in the heavens [angels] are not guiltless in His eyes.”", "All mankind pass before You", "like young sheep.7See Mishnah, Maseches Rosh Hashana 1:2. “All mankind passes before Hashem to be judged individually, like young sheep who pass through a small opening in the corral as they are counted for tithing. Bartenura", "As a shepherd inspects his flock,", "making his sheep pass under his rod,", "so do You cause to pass, count, number,", "and review the soul of every living being,", "determining the life-span of every creature;", "and You record the decree of their judgment.", "On Rosh Hashana their decree is inscribed,", "and on Yom Kippur it is sealed,8This formula of judgment is only for those who are considered בֵּינו‍ֹנִים, neither righteous nor wicked. The truly righteous are inscribed and sealed for life on Rosh Hashana, and the wicked also receive their full verdict on Rosh Hashana. Thus it is only the בֵּינו‍ֹנִי, one in between, who is given time until Yom Kippur to mend his ways and be judged for life. Talmud Yerushalmi, Maseches Rosh Hashana 1:3.", "how many will pass away", "and how many will be created,", "who will live and who will die;", "who will come to his timely end,", "and who to an untimely end;", "who will perish by fire and who by water;", "who by the sword and who by beast;", "who by hunger and who by thirst;", "who by earthquake and who by the plague;", "who by strangling and who by stoning;", "who will be at rest", "and who will wander about;", "who will have serenity", "and who will be confused;", "who will be tranquil", "and who will be tormented;", "who will become poor", "and who will become wealthy;", "who will be brought to a low state", "and who will be uplifted.", "
Congregation followed by Chazzan:
", "But repentance, and prayer and charity", "annul the evil decree.9This is based on Midrash Rabbah, Bereishis 44:13.", "For as Your Name, so is Your praise,10See Tehillim 48:11. This refers to His Name, described in the thirteen attributes of Hashem.", "You are slow to anger and easy to pacify;11See Maseches Avos 5:1.", "For You do not desire death [for the sinner]", "but that he turn from his evil way and live.12See Yechezkel 18:32, 18:23.", "And even until his dying day,", "You wait for him—", "if he repents, You immediately accept him.", "True, You are their Creator,", "and You know their impulse", "that they are [but] flesh and blood.", "Man, his beginning is from dust", "and ends in dust;", "risking his life, he gets his bread,", "he is like a potsherd that is breakable,", "like grass that withers,", "like the flower that fades,", "like the shadow that passes,", "like the cloud that vanishes,", "like the wind that blows,", "like the dust that flies,", "and like a fleeting dream.", "But You are the King,", "the Almighty, the living and everlasting God.", "
The Ark is closed
", "There is no end to Your years", "and there is no limit", "to the length of Your days.", "Immeasurable", "are the chariots of angels who glorify You,", "and there is no way to describe", "Your imperceptable Name.", "Your Name is fitting for You,", "and You are worthy of Your Name;", "and our name,", "You have called by Your Name.13The name יִשְׂרָאֵל, the name by which we are called contains the Name of Hashem, יִשְׂרָ־אֵל.", "Act for the sake of Your Name,", "and sanctify Your Name", "through those who hallow Your Name.14This refers to the Jewish people who recite the kedusha, sanctification, twice each day.", "For the sake of Your glorious Name,", "which is reverenced and sanctified,", "with the mystic speech", "of the holy serafim", "who sanctify Your Name in the Sanctuary.", "Those who dwell on high [the angels]", "unite with those who dwell on earth,", "to proclaim", "the three-fold sanctification;", "in [Your] Sanctuary", "as it is written by the hand of Your prophet,", "“And they called one to another and said:" ], "Kedushah": [ "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "‘Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy Tzevaos,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "His glory fills the world,", "His ministering angels ask one another—", "“Where is the place of His glory?”", "those facing them say, “Blessed.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from His place.”", "From His place, He will turn in compassion", "and favor the people", "who proclaim the Oneness of His Name", "evening and morning, each day continually", "twice each day, with love,", "they recite, “Shema.”", "
Congregation and Chazzan
", "Hear Yisrael,", "Adonoy is our God, Adonoy is One.", "He is our God, He is our Father,", "He is our King, He is our Deliverer,", "and He will let us hear in His mercy", "a second time", "in the presence of all the living", "[His promise] “to be your God.”", "“I am Adonoy, your God.”", "Mighty One, our Mighty One,", "Adonoy, our Master,", "How mighty is Your Name", "throughout the earth.", "And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One,", "and His Name One.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations;", "praise God.”", "
The Chazzan concludes
", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness,", "and to all eternity", "we will sanctify Your holiness;", "and Your praise, our God", "will not depart from our mouth", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King, Great and Holy!", "Have compassion upon Your works,", "and rejoice in Your works;", "and let those who trust in You say—", "when You justify those borne by You—15This refers to the Jewish people. See Yeshaya 46:3.", "“Be sanctified, [our] Master", "over all Your works.”", "For those who sanctify You", "are themselves hallowed in Your holiness;", "becoming to the Holy One", "is the glory of those who are holy.16See Yeshaya 49:23, “יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּךָ אֶתְפָּאָר, Yisrael in you am I glorified.” See also Vayikra 11:44.", "And thus may Your Name be hallowed", "Adonoy, our God,", "over Yisrael, Your people,", "over Yerushalayim, Your city,", "over Tziyon, the dwelling place of Your glory,", "over the kingship of the House of Dovid,", "Your anointed,", "and over Your [holy] Dwelling,", "and Your Sanctuary.", "It will yet be remembered in our behalf,—", "the love of Avraham,—17See Tehillim 89:1. Avraham is referred to in the psalm as אֵיתָן הָאֶזְרָחִי.", "by our Master;", "and for the sake of the son [Yitzchak]", "who let himself be bound on the altar,", "he will put an end to our struggle;", "and in the merit of the perfect one [Yaakov],18See Bereishis 25:27.", "the Revered One will bring forth", "our judgment to a righteous conclusion;", "for this day is holy to our Master.", "When there is no one to plead", "[our] righteousness", "against the testimony of the accuser,", "speak on behalf of Yaakov", "regarding the statute and law,", "and make us righteous with justice,", "[You, Who are the] King of justice", "Who holds in His hand", "the attribute of justice:", "
The Ark is opened
", "And all believe", "that He is the faithful Almighty;", "who probes and searches hidden secrets.", "And all believe", "that He probes man’s conscience;", "Who redeems from death", "and rescues from the grave.", "And all believe", "that He is a Mighty Redeemer;", "Who alone judges all who enter the world.", "And all believe that He is a true Judge;", "Who is called, “I am that I am”19See Shemos 3:14.", "And all believe that He is was,", "and always will be;", "Certain is His Name,20See Maseches Berachos 32b. הַוַדַאי was one of the Names attributed to Hashem by a reader (Chazzan) who led the services in the presence of Rabbi Chanina. so is His praise.", "And all believe", "that He is, and there is none beside Him;", "Who is mindful of those who mention Him,", "recalling them with favor.", "And all believe", "that He is mindful of the covenant;", "Who apportions life to all the living.", "And all believe", "that He is Living and Permanent;", "Who is the source of goodness,", "and is beneficent to the wicked and the good.", "And all believe that He is good to all;", "Who knows the impulsive nature", "of all His creatures.", "And all believe", "that He formed them in the womb;", "Who is able to accomplish all things,", "and He completed their formation", "at one time.", "And all believe", "that He is able to accomplish all things;", "Who abides in the secret place—", "in the shelter of Shaddai,", "And all believe", "He is the only One;", "Who grants kingship to kings,", "and [all] sovereignty is His.", "And all believe", "that He the eternal King;", "Who guides every generation with kindness.", "And all believe", "that He preserves kindness;", "Who is patient,", "and overlooks the rebellious.21Hashem gives them every opportunity to repent.", "And all believe", "that He pardons, Selah;", "Who is most high,", "and His eye looks to those who fear Him.", "And all believe", "that He answers prayer;22לָחַשׁ is a word used in reference to prayer. See Yeshaya 26:16, “צָקוּן לַחַשׁ, they poured out a prayer.”", "Who opens the door", "to those who knock in repentance.", "And all believe", "that His hand is open;", "Who eagerly waits for the wicked [to repent],", "and desires his justification.", "And all believe", "that He is just and upright;", "Who is slow to anger, and long suffering.", "And all believe", "that He is difficult to anger;", "Who is merciful,", "and His compassion precedes His anger.", "And all believe", "that He is easily reconciled;", "Who is equal in His judgment", "and treats equally the small and the great.", "And all believe", "that He is a just Judge;", "Who is perfect and completely just", "with those who are perfect [with Him:]", "And all believe", "that He is perfect in all His work.", "", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And all shall come to serve You", "and bless Your glorious Name,", "and throughout the isles they shall declare", "Your righteousness.", "And peoples will seek You,", "who knew You not before;", "and they will praise You,", "those who live in every part of the earth,", "and they will say, always,", "“Magnified be Adonoy.”", "And they will offer to You their sacrifices,", "and they will abandon their idols,", "and they will be humiliated", "with their graven images,", "and they will turn with unanimous accord", "to worship You.", "And they will fear You—", "as long as sun is upon them—", "those who seek Your Presence,", "and they will realize", "the power of Your Kingship,", "and they will teach—", "those who have gone astray—", "understanding [of God].", "And they will speak of Your might,", "and they will uplift You", "causing You to be uplifted above all,", "and they will fervently beseech Your Presence", "and crown You with a crown of glory.", "And the mountains will burst out", "in joyous song,", "and the isles will exult in Your Kingship,", "and they will accept", "the yoke of Your kingdom upon them,", "and they will exalt You", "in the assembly of peoples.", "Those from far-off lands will hear of this", "and they will come,", "and they will tender unto You", "the crown of sovereignty.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations.", "Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "SANCTIFICATION OF THE DAY", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King,", "to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for sounding the shofar", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "But because of our sins,", "we were exiled from our land,", "and driven far away from our soil;", "and we are unable,", "and to perform our obligatory offerings", "in Your chosen House,", "in the great and holy House", "upon which Your Name is proclaimed,", "because of the hand [of violence]", "that was sent against Your Sanctuary.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and God of our fathers,", "merciful King,", "to once again have compassion on us", "and on Your Sanctuary", "in Your abundant mercy;", "and rebuild it soon", "and greatly enhance its glory.", "Our Father, our King!", "reveal the glory of Your Kingship", "upon us soon,", "appear and be uplifted over us", "before the eyes of all living things.", "Bring near our scattered [people]", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of the earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with everlasting joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices—", "the daily [burnt] offerings in their order,", "and the Musaf offerings", "according to their rule.", "And the Musaf offerings of", "this Day of Remembrance", "we will prepare and bring before You", "with love", "according to the command of Your will;", "as You wrote for us in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "And in the seventh month,", "on the first day of the month,", "a day of holy assembly it shall be for you,", "all work of labor, you shall not do;", "a day of blowing [the shofar]", "it shall be for you.", "And you will prepare a burnt-offering", "for a pleasing savor to Adonoy;", "one young bullock,", "one ram,", "seven yearling lambs,", "without blemish.", "And their meal-offerings and libations", "as stated:", "three tenths [of an epha of fine flour]", "for the bullock,", "two tenths for the ram,", "and one tenth for each lamb,", "and wine according to each libation;", "and two he goats for atonement,", "and the two daily burnt-offerings", "according to their law.", "[These are] besides", "the burnt-offering of Rosh Chodesh", "and its meal-offering,", "and the daily burnt-offering", "and its meal-offering;", "and their drink offering", "according to their law.", "for a pleasing savor,", "an offering consumed by fire to Adonoy." ], "Malkhuyot": [ "
The Ark is opened:
", "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator of [the world", "in] the beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory", "is in the heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftier heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true, all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "
The Ark is closed, and the Chazzan continues
", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "be with the mouths of those", "who have been sent by Your people", "the House of Yisrael,", "who stand to offer fervent prayer", "and supplication before You,", "on behalf of Your people, the House of Yisrael.", "Instruct them what to say,", "teach them what they shall speak,", "disclose to them what they shall ask,", "make known to them", "mahow they may glorify You.", "In the light of Your countenance", "may they walk,", "[their] knee, unto You may they bend,", "Your people,", "with their mouths, may they bless,", "and from the blessings of Your mouth,", "may they all be blessed.", "Your people, they lead into Your Presence,", "and from their midst, they approach You;", "the eyes of Your people are fixed on them,", "and their eyes look longingly to You.", "They approach the Holy Ark in awe,", "to appease anger and wrath;", "and Your people surround them like a wall,", "and You, from the heavens", "look upon them with compassion.", "They lift their eyes to You in heaven,", "their hearts are poured out before You", "as water,", "and You, [please] hear [their prayer]", "from the heavens.", "May they not stammer with their tongue,", "nor become entangled in their speech,", "may they not be ashamed", "of those who rely on them,", "and may they not bring disgrace", "to their multitude [their congregation];", "and may their mouths never say a word", "that is not according to Your will.", "For", "those to whom You are favorably disposed,", "Adonoy, our God,", "they have truly found favor,", "and those upon whom You have compassion,", "they have truly found compassion.", "For we know, Adonoy, our God,", "that You will show favor", "to whom You will show favor,", "and that You will be compassionate", "to whom You will be compassionate.", "As it is written in Your Torah:", "And He said:", "“I will cause to pass over", "all My goodness before you,", "and I will proclaim the Name, Adonoy", "in your presence;", "“I will show favor", "to whom I show favor,", "and I will be compassionate", "to whom I will be compassionate.”", "And it is said:", "“Let them not be ashamed through me", "those who wait for You,", "my Master, God of Hosts;", "let them not be disgraced through me,", "those who seek You, God of Yisrael.”", "
The Ark is opened and the Chazzan continues:
", "I hope in Almighty, I implore His Presence,", "I ask of Him", "to grant me eloquent speech,", "so that in the congregation of the people,", "I might sing of His might", "and utter joyful songs", "praising His deeds.", "To man belong the arrangements of thoughts,", "but [only] from God, comes eloquent speech.", "My Master, open my lips", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart — before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "
The Ark is closed:
", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth;", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize, and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear allegiance to You.", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will accept upon themselves", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“He beheld no iniquity in Yaakov,", "nor did He see wrongdoing in Yisrael;", "Adonoy, His God is with him,", "and the love of the king is among them.”", "And it is said:", "“And He was King in Yeshurun,", "with the gathering of the heads of the people,", "the tribes of Yisrael were united.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“For the kingship is Adonoy’s,", "and He rules over nations.”", "And it is said:", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself in majesty;", "Adonoy has clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength.", "He has also firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”", "And it is said:", "“Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and be uplifted", "entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads,—gates,", "and lift up entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, forever.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“thus said Adonoy,", "King of Yisrael and its Redeemer,", "Adonoy Tzevaos:", "“I am the first and I am the last;", "and beside Me, there is no God.”", "And it is said:", "“And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon", "to judge the mount of Esau,", "and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day", "Adonoy will be One and His Name One.”", "And in Your Torah it is written:", "“Hear, Yisrael:", "Adonoy is our God", "Adonoy is One!”", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You have formed it.", "And they will say", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;23There is a difference of opinion in the Talmud, Maseches Rosh Hashana 10b regarding the day in which the world was created. This prayer follows the opinion of Rabbi Elazar who maintains that Hashem created the world in Tishrei.", "On this day, He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children,", "have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "our acknowledgments of Your sovereignty." ], "Zikhronot": [ "You remember", "the dealings of [men in] today’s world,", "and You [also] consider the behavior", "of all those who lived in earlier times.", "In Your Presence are revealed", "all hidden things", "and the multitude of secrets", "from the beginning of creation;", "for there is no forgetfulness", "before the throne of Your Glory,", "and there is nothing hidden from Your eyes.", "You remember all that has been done,", "and even all that which is formed", "is not concealed from You.", "All is revealed and known before You", "Adonoy, our God", "Who observes and looks", "until the end of all generations.", "For You set", "an appointed time of remembrance,", "to consider every soul and being;", "to cause numerous deeds to be remembered", "and the multitude of creatures without end.", "From the beginning of creation,", "You have made this known,", "and from before time", "You have revealed it.", "This day [Rosh Hashana]", "is the beginning of Your work", "a memorial of the first day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael", "a [day of] judgment of the God of Yaakov.", "And over countries", "[judgment] is pronounced,", "which of them is destined for the sword [war]", "and which for peace,", "which for famine and which for abundance.", "And on it, creatures are brought to mind,", "to be remembered for life or for death.", "Who is not considered on this day?", "For the remembrance of all that is formed", "comes before You:", "the dealings of man,", "and the decree of his fate,", "and the misdeeds of man’s actions,", "the thoughts of man and his schemes,", "and the motives for the deeds of man.", "Fortunate is the man", "who does not forget You,", "the son of man", "who gains strength in You.", "For those who seek You", "will never stumble,", "and never will they be disgraced—", "all who trust in You.", "For the remembrance of all their deeds", "come before You,", "and You examine the deeds of all of them.", "And No’ach too, You remembered with love,", "and [therefore] decreed for him", "a promise of deliverance and compassion,", "when You brought the flood-waters", "to destroy all flesh", "because of the wickedness of their deeds.", "Therefore, his remembrance came before You,", "Adonoy, our God,", "to multiply his seed", "like the dust of the earth,", "and his descendants as the sand of the sea;", "as it is written in Your Torah;", "“And God remembered No’ach", "and all the beasts", "and all the cattle", "that were with him in the Ark,", "and God caused a wind to pass", "over the earth,", "and the waters were calmed.”", "And it is said:", "“And God heard their groaning cry,", "and God remembered His covenant", "with Avraham, with Yitzchak,", "and with Yaakov.”", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant with Yaakov,", "and also My covenant with Yitzchak,", "and also My covenant with Avraham,", "will I remember;", "and the land [of Yisrael] I will remember.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“He made a memorial for His wonders,", "gracious and merciful is Adonoy.”", "And it is said:", "“He gave food to those who fear Him;", "He is ever mindful of His covenant.”", "And it is said:", "“And He remembered His covenant for them,", "and He relented", "in accordance with His abundant kindness.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“Go and proclaim it", "in the ears of Yerushalayim, saying:", "thus said Adonoy,", "I remembered for you", "the kindness of your youth,", "the love of your bridal days,", "how you followed Me into the wilderness,", "in a land that was not cultivated.”", "And it is said:", "“I will remember My covenant", "[which I made] with you", "in the days of your youth,", "and I will fulfill it for you", "as an everlasting covenant.”", "And it is said:", "“Is Ephraim not My precious son,", "is he not a child of delight?", "For whenever I speak of him,", "I recall him even more;", "Therefore,", "My innermost being is aroused for him,", "I will surely have compassion on him,", "says Adonoy.”", "Our God and God of our fathers", "remember us favorably before You", "and be mindful of us", "for deliverance and compassion", "from the eternal high heavens.", "Remember in our behalf, Adonoy, our God,", "the covenant, the kindness", "and the oath which You swore", "to our father Avraham on Mount Moriah,", "and let there appear before You", "the binding with which our father Avraham", "bound his son Yitzchak upon the altar,", "and how he suppressed his compassion", "to do Your will with a whole heart;", "so may Your compassion suppress", "Your anger against us,", "and in Your great goodness", "turn Your fierce anger away", "from Your people, and from Your city,", "from Your land,", "and from Your territorial heritage.", "And fulfill for us Adonoy, our God", "the promise You made in Your Torah,", "through Your servant, Moshe,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“I will remember for them", "the covenant with their forefathers", "whom I took out", "of the land of Mitzrayim,", "before the eyes of the nations,", "to be their God;", "I am Adonoy.”", "For He Who remembers all forgotten things", "from eternity, are You,", "and there is no forgetfulness", "before the Throne of Your Glory;", "and the binding of Yitzchak—", "on behalf of his descendants—", "may You remember it today with compassion.", "Blessed are You Adonoy,", "Who remembers the covenant.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;", "On this day, He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children,", "have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "our prayers of remembrance." ], "Shofarot": [ "You were revealed in Your cloud of glory", "to Your holy people", "to speak to them.", "From the heavens,", "You let them hear Your voice,", "and revealed Yourself to them", "in pure clouds.", "So too, the entire world quivered before You,", "and the works of creation", "trembled before You,", "when You, our King revealed Yourself", "upon Mount Sinai", "to teach Your people Torah and mitzvos.", "You let them hear", "the majestic splendor of Your voice,", "and Your holy words from flames of fire;", "amidst thunder and lightning", "You revealed Yourself to them,", "and with the sound of a shofar,", "You appeared to them,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“And it was on the third day,", "as morning dawned", "there was thunder and lightning,", "and a dense cloud over the mountain,", "and the sound of a shofar", "was exceedingly loud;", "and all the people in the camp trembled.”", "And it is said:", "“And the sound of the shofar", "became increasingly louder;", "Moshe spoke", "and God answered him by voice.”", "And it is said:", "“And all the people saw the sounds", "and the flames,", "and the sound of the shofar,", "and the mountain in smoke;", "and the people saw and were shaken,", "and stood from afar.”", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "“God has ascended with a blast,", "Adonoy, with the sound of a shofar.”", "And it is said:", "“With trumpets and the sound of a shofar", "raise your voices before the King, Adonoy.”", "And it is said:", "“Blow a shofar on the New Moon,", "as the appointed time for our festive-day.", "For it is a statute for Yisrael,", "a day of judgment of the God of Yaakov.”", "And it is said:", "“Praise God.", "Praise the Almighty in His Sanctuary", "Praise God in the firmament of His might.", "Praise Him for His mighty deeds,", "Praise Him", "according to the abundance of His greatness.", "Praise Him with the blowing of a shofar,", "Praise Him with lyre and harp.", "Praise Him with drum and dance,", "Praise Him", "with stringed instruments and flute.", "Praise Him with resounding cymbals,", "Praise Him with clanging cymbals.", "Let every soul praise God,", "Praise God.”", "And by the hand of Your servants,", "the Prophets", "it is written:", "“All who inhabit the world of man", "and who dwell on earth—", "when the banner is raised on the mountains", "you will see it;", "and when a shofar will be sounded,", "you will hear it.”", "And it is said:", "“And it will be on that day,", "that a great shofar will be sounded,", "and they will come—", "those who were lost in the land of Ashur,", "and those who were outcasts", "in the land of Mitzrayim,", "and they will prostrate themselves", "to Adonoy,", "on the holy mountain in Yerushalayim.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will appear over them,", "and His arrow will go forth like lightning;", "and my Master, Adonoy, will sound the shofar", "and go forth in the whirlwinds of the south.", "Adonoy Tzevaos will protect them.”", "So may You be a shield", "over Your people, Yisrael,", "with Your peace.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "sound a great shofar for our liberty", "and raise a banner to gather our exiles.", "And bring near our scattered people", "from among the nations,", "and gather our dispersed", "from the ends of [the] earth.", "Bring us to Tziyon, Your city,", "with joyous song,—", "to Yerushalayim, House of Your Sanctuary,", "with eternal joy.", "And there we will offer before You", "our obligatory sacrifices,", "as we were commanded in Your Torah,", "through the hands of Moshe, Your servant,", "from the mouth of Your glory,", "as it is said:", "“And on the day of your rejoicing,", "and on your appointed festivals,", "and on your Rosh Chodesh days,", "you will sound the trumpets", "over your burnt-offerings", "and over the sacrifices", "of your peace offerings,", "and they will be a memorial for you", "before your God;", "I am Adonoy, your God.”", "For You hear the sound of shofar,", "and listen to the teruah;", "and there is none like You.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who hears the sound", "of the teruah of His people, Yisrael,", "with compassion.", "", "On this day, the world came into being;", "On this day, He makes stand in judgment—", "all the creatures of the worlds—", "whether as children, or as servants;", "if as children, have compassion on us", "as a father has compassion on his children!", "If as servants,", "our eyes are fixed on You", "until You favor us,", "and bring forth our judgment as the light,", "Revered and Holy One!", "May the utterance of our lips", "be pleasing unto You,", "Almighty, Most High and Uplifted,", "Who understands, and gives ear,", "Who perceives and listens", "to the sound of our shofar blast,", "and accept with compassion and desire", "the order of our prayers", "concerning the shofar." ], "Avodah": [ "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "
When there are no Kohanim present to recite the Priestly Blessings, the Chazzan recites the following paragraph.
", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "Priestly Blessings", "Even though the kohanim are commanded to bless Yisrael every day (according to some authorities) nevertheless, the custom outside the Holy Land is that kohanim bless the people only during the Musaf Service of the Festivals, and the High Holidays. One reason given is that the Priestly Blessings are pronounced only in a festive atmosphere. Thus on weekdays when people are troubled with the difficulties of earning a livelihood, and even on the Sabbath when people are disturbed by thoughts of their economic plight, the blessings are not pronounced.", "During the Musaf Service of the Festivals, however, which precedes the festive meal of the holiday, a joyous atmosphere does prevail and the Priestly Blessing is pronounced.", "After the Chazzan’s recital of ‘רְצֵה, be pleased,’ the following prayer is recited by the Congregation and kohanim, and repeated by the Chazzan:", "May our prayer be sweet unto You", "as a burnt-offering and as a sacrifice.24The burnt-offering refers to the עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד, the daily communal burnt-offering, while sacrifice refers to the מוּסַף, the additional offerings of the Festivals.—Iyun Tefiloh
According to Dover Shalom these two types of offerings can be compared to two kinds of prayers. The truly pious Jew is concerned only with serving his Creator and his prayers are offered entirely to Hashem. He asks nothing for himself. His prayers are similar to a burnt- offering which is consumed in its entirety on Hashem’s altar. Not every Jew is capable of such a lofty degree of Divine service. Many serve Hashem but are conscious of their own personal needs and desires. Their prayer is thus similar to a שְׁלָמִים, peace offering, of which only part is consumed on the altar, the owner also being permitted to eat and enjoy part of it. We pray that both kinds of prayers be pleasing and acceptable to Hashem, as were the sacrifices on the altar.", "Please, Merciful One,", "in Your abundant mercy", "return Your Divine Presence", "to Tziyon, Your city,", "and the order of the [Temple] Service", "to Yerushalayim.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "
The Chazzan concludes:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "You alone, in reverence do we serve.", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
(When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.)
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted", "be your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember Your mercies,", "and suppress Your anger,", "and remove pestilence, sword, famine,", "captivity, destruction, iniquity,", "assimilation, plague, misfortune,", "every disease, every stumbling-block,", "every contention, every type of disorder;", "every evil decree and groundless hatred,", "from us,", "and from all the children of Your covenant.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "Priestly Blessings", "
The congregation and Kohanim say the following prayer silently.
", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God and the God of our fathers,", "that this blessing", "
When said by the kohanim:
", "which You have commanded us", "
When said by the Congregation:
", "which You have commanded", "to bless Your people Yisrael,", "be a perfect blessing;", "that there be in it neither", "stumbling nor iniquity", "from now, forever.", "
The Chazzan then says:
", "kohanim", "
The Congregation responds:
", "Your holy people, as it is said.", "
The Kohanim begin:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who sanctified us", "with the holiness of Aharon", "and commanded us", "to bless His people, Yisrael, with love.25The kohanim are commanded to bless the people out of their feeling of love for the congregation of Hashem.", "
The Congregation but not the Chazzan answer:
", "Amein", "The Chazzan chants each word of the Birchas Kohanim and the kohanim pronounce it after Him. The Congregation should concentrate on their words, but not repeat them.", "May [He] bless you", "Adonoy", "and guard you.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone.
", "Master of the World!", "I am Yours and my dreams are Yours.", "I have dreamed a dream", "and I do not know its meaning.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "that all my dreams regarding myself,", "and regarding all of Yisrael", "be for the good;", "those I have dreamed concerning myself,", "and those I have dreamed about others,", "and those that others have dreamed about me.", "If they are good dreams,", "strengthen and reinforce them", "and may they be fulfilled in me and in them,", "like the dreams of Joseph, the righteous.", "But if they require curing,", "cure them like Hezekiah, king of Judah,", "[who was healed] from his sickness;", "like Miriam, the prophetess", "from her tsoraas;26The word צָרַעַת should not be translated as leprosy. The illness of tsoraas described in the Torah has no relationship to the disease of leprosy. It is an illness which Hashem inflicts to show His displeasure with people. See Bamidbar 12:1-15.", "and like Naaman, from his tsoraas;27See II Kings 5:1-14", "like the waters of Marah", "through Moshe, our teacher,28See Shemos 15:22-25", "and like the waters of Jericho", "through Elisha.29See II Kings 2:19-22", "As You transformed", "the curse of the wicked Bilaam,", "from a curse to a blessing,30See Devarim 26:15", "so may you transform all my dreams", "regarding myself and regarding all of Yisrael", "for goodness.", "[May You] guard me,", "[may You] be gracious to me,", "and [may You] accept me favorably, Amein.", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: Amein.
", "May [He] shine", "Adonoy", "His countenance", "upon you", "and be gracious to you.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying וִיחֻנֶּֽךָּ, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone:
", "Master of the World!", "I am Yours and my dreams are Yours.", "I have dreamed a dream", "and I do not know its meaning.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "that all my dreams regarding myself,", "and regarding all of Yisrael", "be for the good;", "those I have dreamed concerning myself,", "and those I have dreamed about others,", "and those that others have dreamed about me.", "If they are good dreams,", "strengthen and reinforce them", "and may they be fulfilled in me and in them,", "like the dreams of Joseph, the righteous.", "But if they require curing,", "cure them like Hezekiah, king of Judah,", "[who was healed] from his sickness;", "like Miriam, the prophetess from her tsoraas;", "and like Naaman, from his tsoraas;", "like the waters of Marah", "through Moshe, our teacher,", "and like the waters of Jericho through Elisha.", "As You transformed", "the curse of the wicked Bilaam,", "from a curse to a blessing,", "so may you transform all my dreams", "regarding myself and regarding all of Yisrael", "for goodness.", "[May You] preserve me,", "[may You] be gracious to me,", "and [may You] accept me favorably, Amein.", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word וִיחֻנֶּֽךָּ, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: Amein.
", "May [He] turn—", "Adonoy—", "His countenance", "toward you", "and grant", "you", "peace.", "
While the kohanim sing an extended chant before saying שָׁלוֹם, the congregation says the following prayer in an undertone.
", "Master of the World!", "I am Yours and my dreams are Yours.", "I have dreamed a dream", "and I do not know its meaning.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, my God, and God of my fathers,", "that all my dreams regarding myself,", "and regarding all of Yisrael", "be for the good;", "those I have dreamed concerning myself,", "and those I have dreamed about others,", "and those that others have dreamed about me.", "If they are good dreams,", "strengthen and reinforce them", "and may they be fulfilled in me and in them,", "like the dreams of Joseph, the righteous.", "But if they require curing,", "cure them like Hezekiah, king of Judah,", "[who was healed] from his sickness;", "like Miriam, the prophetess from her tsoraas;", "and like Naaman, from his tsoraas;", "like the waters of Marah", "through Moshe, our teacher,", "and like the waters of Jericho through Elisha.", "As You transformed", "the curse of the wicked Bilaam,", "from a curse to a blessing,", "so may you transform all my dreams", "regarding myself and regarding all of Yisrael", "for goodness.", "[May You] preserve me,", "[may You] be gracious to me,", "and [may You] accept me favorably, Amein.", "
After the kohanim pronounce the word שָׁלוֹם, the Congregation and the Chazzan say: Amein.
", "
After the kohanim conclude the blessing, the Congregation says:
", "Mighty One on high, abiding in power,", "You are peace and Your Name is Peace.", "May it be Your will, to bestow on us", "and on all of Your people,", "the House of Yisrael,", "life and blessing for the preservation of Peace.", "
After the kohanim conclude their blessing, they turn to the Ark and recite:
", "Master of the Universe,", "we have done", "what You have decreed upon us,", "now may You also do for us", "as You have promised:", "“Gaze from Your Sacred Dwelling,", "from the heavens,", "and bless Your people, Yisrael,", "and the land which You have given us—", "just as You swore to our fathers—", "a land flowing with milk and honey.”", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "And it is said:", "“Through me [the Torah],", "shall your days be multiplied,", "and increased for you", "will be the years of your life.”", "For a good life, inscribe us,", "living God;", "inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "as it is written:", "“And You who cling to Adonoy, your God,", "are all alive today.”", "
The Ark is opened and the following is said responsively
", "This day, may You strengthen us.Amein.", "This day, may You bless us.Amein.", "This day,", "may You make us prominent.Amein.", "This day, may You seek our good.Amein.", "This day, renew for us", "a good year.Amein.", "This day, listen to our supplications.Amein.", "This day, accept with compassion and favor,", "[all] our prayers.Amein.", "This day, support us", "with Your right hand of righteousness.", "Amein.", "
The Ark is closed.
", "As of this day,", "bring us with happiness and joy", "unto [Your] Sanctuary at Yerushalayim,", "as it is written", "by the hand of Your prophet:", "“I will bring them to My holy mountain;", "and make them joyful in My House of Prayer,", "their burnt offerings and sacrifices", "will be accepted on My Altar;", "for My House", "shall be called a House of Prayer", "for all peoples.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy commanded us", "to carry out these statutes—", "to fear Adonoy, our God—", "for our own everlasting good,", "that He might keep us alive,", "as at this day.”", "And it is said:", "“And righteousness it will for us,", "if we preserve and do", "all this commandment", "in the presence of Adonoy, our God,", "as He commanded us.”", "And [may] righteousness,", "blessing, compassion,", "life and peace,", "be unto us and all Yisrael,", "forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "
The Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "Hope to Adonoy;", "be strong and He will give you courage", "and hope to Adonoy.", "There is none holy like Adonoy", "for there is none beside You", "and there is no stronghold like our God.", "For who is a god other than Adonoy", "and who is a stronghold beside our God.", "There is none like our God.", "There is none like our Master.", "There is none like our King.", "There is none like our Deliverer.", "Who is like our God?", "Who is like our Master?", "Who is like our King.?", "Who is like our Deliverer?", "Let us thank our God.", "Let us thank our Master.", "Let us thank our King.", "Let us thank our Deliverer.", "Blessed is our God.", "Blessed is our Master.", "Blessed is our King.", "Blessed is our Deliverer.", "You are our God.", "You are our Master.", "You are our King.", "You are our Deliverer.", "You are He", "before Whom our fathers burned", "the incense offering.", "The composition of the incense consisted of", "balm, onycha,", "galbanum, and frankincense—", "by weight, seventy maneh of each;", "myrrh, cassia,", "spikenard and saffron", "by weight—", "sixteen maneh of each;", "twelve maneh of costus,", "three maneh of aromatic bark,", "and nine maneh of cinnamon. [Also", "used in compounding the incense were:]", "Nine kabin of Carshina lye,", "Cyprus wine [measuring]", "three s’in and three kabin—", "If he had no Cyprus wine,", "he could use strong white wine—", "a fourth of a kab of Sodom salt,", "and a minute quantity of maaleh ashan.", "Rabbi Nosson of Babylonia says,", "A minute quantity of Jordan amber", "[was added].", "If one added honey, the incense became unfit;", "and if one omitted any of its spices", "he was liable to the death penalty.", "Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says:", "“The balm is nothing but sap", "which drips from the balsam tree.”", "Why was Carshina lye used?", "To refine the onycha", "in order to make it pleasant.", "Why was Cyprus wine used?", "The Onycha was soaked in it", "to give it a pungent odor.", "Though the water of Raglayim", "was well suited for that purpose,", "they did not bring", "the water of Raglayim into the Temple", "because it would be disrespectful.", "These are the Psalms", "which the Levites recited", "in the Holy Temple:", "On Sunday, they used to recite,", "“The earth is Adonoy’s", "and the fullness thereof,", "the inhabited world", "and those who dwell in it.”", "On Monday, they used to recite,", "“Adonoy is great and highly extolled", "in the city of our God,", "the mountain of His Sanctuary.”", "On Tuesday, they used to recite,", "“God stands", "in the congregation of the Almighty;", "in the midst of judges, He gives judgment.”", "On Wednesday, they used to recite,", "“Almighty of vengeance, Adonoy,", "Almighty of vengeance, reveal Yourself.”", "On Thursday, they used to recite,", "“Sing joyously to God, our strength,", "shout for joy to the God of Yaakov.”", "On Friday, they used to say,", "“Adonoy has begun His reign,", "He has clothed Himself with majesty;", "Adonoy clothed Himself,", "He has girded Himself with strength,", "He has firmly established the world", "so that it cannot be moved.”", "On the Sabbath, they used to recite,", "“A psalm, a song for the Sabbath day.”", "It is a psalm, a song for the future,", "for the day which will be entirely Sabbath", "and rest for everlasting life.", "It was taught in the school of Elijah;", "Whoever studies halachos every day,", "he is assured", "of life in the World-to-Come,", "for it is said,", "“The ways (halichos) of the world are His.”", "Do not read halichos, but halachos.", "Rabbi Eliezer said", "on behalf of Rabbi Chanina:", "“The disciples of the wise", "increase peace in the world,", "for it is said:", "‘and all your children", "will be disciples of Adonoy’s [Torah];", "and great will be the peace of your children.’", "Do not read banayich [your children]", "but read bonayich [your builders].”", "Great is the peace", "of those who love Your Torah,", "and they will have no", "stumbling block [misfortune].", "Let there be peace within your moats,", "serenity within your palaces.", "For the sake of my brethren and companions,", "I will say: ‘Peace be with you.’", "For the sake", "of the House of Adonoy, our God,", "I will seek [pray for] your good.", "Adonoy will give strength to His people,", "Adonoy will bless His people with peace.”" ], "Kaddish d'Rabanan": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future —", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "Upon Yisrael, and upon our Sages,", "and upon their disciples,", "and upon all the disciples of their disciples,", "and upon all those who engage in Torah study", "in this land", "and in every land.", "May there be unto them and unto you", "abundant peace, favor, kindness,", "compassion, long life,", "ample sustenance and redemption", "from their Father", "Who is in heaven and on earth,", "—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and a good life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, in His mercy, make peace", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein." ], "Aleinu": [ "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator", "of the [world in the] beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory is in heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftiest heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true,", "all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth,", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You, every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear [allegiance to You].", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will all accept [upon themselves]", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One", "and His Name One.”" ], "Song of the Day": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "On Sunday:", "Today is the first day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "A psalm of Dovid:", "the earth is Adonoy’s", "and the fullness thereof,31Rabbi Yehudah says in the name of Rabbi Akiva, “On the first day of the week, the Levites sang psalm 24, The earth is Adonoy’s and the fullness thereof, because then Hashem took possession of His newly created world for Himself, in order to give possession to mankind. Yet He remained the sole Master of the world.”—Maseches Rosh Hashana 31a", "the inhabited world", "and those who dwell in it.", "For He founded it upon the seas,", "and established it upon rivers.", "Who may ascend the mountain32Ibn Ezra says that “mountain” refers to Mount Moriah, the location of the Temple. Dovid composed this psalm on the day he purchased the Temple site from Aravna the Jebusite. of Adonoy,", "and who may stand", "in the place of His holiness?", "The clean of hands and the pure of heart,", "who has not borne My soul in vain,", "and has not sworn deceitfully.33He whose piety is genuine and who will not use the Name of Hashem to deceive others.—S.R. Hirsch", "He will bear Adonoy’s blessing34This person can expect that Hashem will give him whatever will best serve his genuine welfare.—S.R. Hirsch", "and righteousness", "from the God of his deliverance.", "This is the generation of those who seek Him,", "the seekers of Your Presence,", "[God of] Yaakov,35“Yaakov” refers to all of Yisrael, the true descendants of the patriarch Yaakov.—Radak selah.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and be uplifted", "[you] entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and lift, entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, selah.", "On Tuesday:", "Today is the third day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "A psalm of Assaf", "God stands", "in the congregation of the Almighty,36Assaf was one of the ten composers who contributed to the Book of Tehillim; he wrote eleven psalms (73-83). The leading Levite musician of his times, he was also endowed with the spirit of prophecy.
The Talmud designates psalm 82 for the third day of the week because on the third day of creation, Hashem in His wisdom revealed the earth and established the world for His chosen “congregation.” This is an allusion to Bereishis 1:9 where we read, “Hashem said, ‘Let the waters beneath the heavens be gathered (congregate) into one place, so that the dry land may appear.”—Maseches Rosh Hashana 31a", "in the midst of the judges He gives judgement.", "How long will you judge lawlessly", "and show partiality to the wicked, Selah?", "Render justice to the lowly and the orphan,", "deal righteously with the poor and destitute.", "Rescue the lowly and the needy,", "save them from the hand of the wicked.", "They neither know nor understand,37“They” refers to the judges.", "they walk along in darkness,", "all the foundations of the earth are shaken.38Justice is one of the three pillars upon which the earth rests ( Maseches Avos 1:18). Without justice there is no stability in the world.", "I had said “You are godlike beings,", "all of you sons of the Most High.”", "Nevertheless, you shall die like men,", "and fall like one of the princes.", "Arise, God, judge the earth,", "for You will inherit all the nations.", "On Wednesday:", "Today is the fourth day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "Almighty of vengeance, Adonoy,39Psalm 94, “Mighty one of retribution” was sung on the fourth day because Hashem created the sun and the moon on the fourth day, and He will punish those who worship them.—Maseches Rosh Hashana ", "Almighty of vengeance, reveal Yourself.", "Arise Judge of the earth,", "repay the arrogant their just reward.", "How long shall the wicked—", "Adonoy—", "how long shall the wicked exult?", "They express, they speak with arrogance;", "all the evildoers are boastful.", "Adonoy, they crush Your people", "and Your heritage they oppress.", "The widow and stranger they kill,", "and orphans they murder.", "And they say, “God does not see,", "the God of Yaakov is not concerned.”", "Consider,", "[you] stupid [ones] among the people,—", "and you fools when will you become wise?", "He Who implanted the ear, does He not hear?", "He Who formed the eye, does He not see?", "He Who chastises nations,", "does He not reprove—", "He that teaches man knowledge?", "Adonoy knows the thoughts of men,", "that they are vanity.", "Fortunate is the man", "whom You chastise, God,", "and whom You instruct from Your Torah.", "To grant him tranquility from days of evil,", "until the pit is dug for the wicked.", "for Adonoy will not abandon His people", "and His inheritance, He will not forsake.", "For justice shall return unto righteousness,", "and all the upright in heart will follow it.", "Who will rise up for me against the wicked,", "who will stand up for me", "against the evildoers?", "Had Adonoy not been my help,", "in an instant", "my soul would have dwelt in the silent grave", "If [Whenever] I said, my foot has slipped,", "Your kindliness, Adonoy upheld me.", "When (worrisome) thoughts multiply", "within me,", "Your consolations soothe my soul.", "Can a tribunal of evil have accord with You—", "[a tribunal] that makes iniquity into law?", "They gang up against the life of the righteous,", "and blood of the innocent they condemn.", "Adonoy has been my stronghold,", "my God the Rock of my refuge.", "He turns their violence against them,", "and destroys them with their own wickedness;", "Adonoy, my God, destroys them.", "Come let us sing to Adonoy;", "let us shout for joy", "to the Rock of our Deliverance.40This verse and the following two are from Tehillim 95:1-3", "Let us greet Him with thanksgiving;", "with song let us shout for joy to Him.", "for a great Almighty is Adonoy;", "a great King over all godlike beings.", "On Friday:", "Today is the sixth day of the week,", "on which the Levites used to recite", "in the Holy Temple:", "Adonoy has begun His reign41On the sixth day, the Levites sang psalm 93, “Adonoy is King, He has clothed Himself in majesty,” because He completed the work of creating and reigned over all His creatures.—Maseches Rosh Hashana 31a", "with majesty He has clothed Himself;", "Adonoy clothed Himself,", "with strength He has girded Himself;", "He has firmly established the world,", "so that it cannot be moved.", "Your throne stands firm from of old,", "You are from eternity.", "The rivers have raised—Adonoy—", "the rivers have raised their voice,", "the rivers raise their raging waves.", "More than the roar of many waters,", "mightier than the breakers of the sea,", "mighty on high are You “Adonoy.”", "Your testimonies are extremely faithful;", "holiness is becoming to Your House,", "Adonoy,—for the length of days.", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein.", "The following Psalm (27) voices our prayer that God will be our light on Rosh Hashana enabling us to repel the darkness of sin through true repentance, and that He will be our salvation on Yom Kippur, through His compassionate atonement of our sins.", "By Dovid:", "Adonoy is my light and my salvation,", "whom shall I fear?", "Adonoy is the strength42Rav S.R. Hirsch’s translates, “Adonoy is the source of my life’s strength,” thus Dovid declares that Hashem is the fount from which his life derives its power to resist all foes. of my life,", "of whom shall I be afraid?", "When evildoers approach me", "to devour my flesh—", "my tormentors and my foes", "they stumble and fall.", "If an army should encamp against me,", "my heart would not fear;", "if war were to rise against me", "in this43Dovid says that he trusts in the declaration stated in the opening verse, “Adonoy is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?”—Rashi, Radak I trust.", "One thing I request of Adonoy,", "[only] that shall I seek:", "that I may dwell44The literal translation of שִׁבְתִּי is “my sitting.” The Talmud states that “no man may ‘sit’ in the courtyard of the Temple except for the kings of the House of Dovid.—Maseches Soteh 40b in the House of Adonoy", "all the days of my life,", "to behold the pleasantness of Adonoy,", "and to meditate in His Sanctuary.", "For He will hide me in His Tabernacle45The Vilna Gaon comments that the commandment of Succos is implied in this verse and the next.", "on the day of distress,", "He will conceal me in the shelter of His Tent,", "upon a rock He will lift me.", "And now my head is raised high", "above my enemies around me;46Dovid declares, “Because I look up to Hashem in every aspect of my existence, I am so exalted that no enemy can harm me.—S.R. Hirsch", "and I will offer in His Tent,", "sacrifices", "[accompanied] with trumpets of joy;", "I will sing and chant to Adonoy.", "Adonoy, hear my voice47This verse alludes to Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. “Hear my voice,” refers to Rosh Hashana when we sound the shofar. The word “my voice (sound)” refers to the “voice” of the shofar. “When I call” refers to Yom Kippur, about which Yeshaya (55:6) said, “call to Him when He is near.”—Siddur HaGra when I call;", "be gracious to me and answer me.", "Of You, my heart has said,", "“Seek My Presence”;", "Your Presence, Adonoy I will seek.", "Conceal not Your Presence from me,", "do not turn away Your servant in anger.", "You have been my help;", "neither cast me off nor abandon me,", "God of my deliverance.", "Altough my father and mother", "abandon48Even if I were so depraved that my own mother and father would abandon me to my own devices, Hashem would still gather me up and believe in my ability to mend my ways.—S.R. Hirsch me,", "Adonoy will gather me up.", "Adonoy, teach me Your way,", "and lead me in the path of uprightness,", "because of my watchful foes.49His enemies. Dovid asks for Divine help that he be saved even from the mere semblance of wrongdoing so that his foes should not be able to rejoice over his faults.—S.R. Hirsch", "Do not deliver me", "to the will of my tormentors,", "for false witnesses have risen against me,", "who breathe violence.", "Had I not believed50“These false witnesses would have destroyed me had I not believed that I would see the goodness of Hashem in the land of the living.”—Rashi, Radak that I would see", "the goodness of Adonoy", "in the land of living.51There are various interpretations of the “Land of the living.” Some hold that it refers to the present world in which we live—Metsudas Tziyon; Ramban holds that it refers to the World-to- Come; and Malbim says that it refers to Eretz Yisroel.", "Hope to Adonoy,", "be strong and He will give you courage;", "and hope to Adonoy." ], "Hymn of Glory": [ "This closing hymn is called “Hymn of Glory” because it sings the praises and great glory of God. According to some scholars, the hymn was composed by Rabbi Samuel ben Kolonimus, the father of Rabbu Judah of Regensburg, known as Rabbi Yehudah ha-Chassid, a saint and mystic. Others say that Rabbi Yehudah himself wrote it." ] } }, "Mincha": { "Ashrei": [ "Fortunate are those who dwell", "in Your house;", "may they continue to praise You, Selah.", "
Psalms 144:15
", "Fortunate is the people whose lot is thus;", "fortunate is the people", "for whom Adonoy is their God.", "A praise by Dovid!", "I will exalt You, my God, the King,", "and bless Your Name forever and ever.", "Every day I will bless You", "and extol Your Name forever and ever.", "Adonoy is great and highly extolled,", "and His greatness is unfathomable.", "One generation to another", "will praise Your works,", "and Your mighty acts they will declare.", "The splendor of Your glorious majesty,", "and the words of Your wonders I will speak.", "Of Your awesome might, they will speak,", "and Your greatness I will recount.", "Mention of Your bountifulness", "they will express,", "and in Your righteousness joyfully exult.", "Adonoy is gracious and merciful,", "slow to anger and great in kindliness.", "Adonoy is good to all,", "His mercy encompasses all His works.", "All Your works will thank You, Adonoy,", "and Your pious ones will bless You.", "Of the honor of Your Kingship,", "they will speak,", "and Your might they will declare.", "To reveal to men His mighty acts,", "and the glorious splendor of His Kingship.", "Your Kingship is the kingship for all times,", "and Your dominion is in every generation.", "Adonoy supports all the fallen,", "and straightens all the bent.", "The eyes of all look expectantly to You,", "and You give them", "their food at its proper time.", "You open Your hand", "and satisfy the desire of every living being.", "Adonoy is just in all His ways", "and benevolent in all His deeds.", "Adonoy is near to all who call upon Him,", "to all who call upon Him in truth.", "The will of those who fear Him, He fulfills;", "He hears their cry and delivers them.", "Adonoy watches over all those who love Him,", "and will destroy all the wicked.", "Praise of Adonoy, my mouth will declare", "and all flesh will bless", "His Holy Name forever and ever.", "And we will bless God", "from now forever.", "Praise God.", "The Redeemer shall come to Tziyon", "and to those of Yaakov who repent from sin,", "says Adonoy.", "As for Me, this is My covenant with them,", "said Adonoy:", "My spirit which is upon you,", "and My words", "which I have put in your mouth", "shall not depart from your mouth,", "nor from the mouth of your children,", "nor from the mouth", "of your children’s children,", "said Adonoy—", "from now to eternity.", "And You, Holy One,", "are enthroned upon the praises of Yisrael.1Hashem waits to hear the praises of Yisrael before He listens to the praises of the angels.—Etz Yosef
Hashem waits until the very last congregation of Jews has completed its prayers and then accepts the prayers of all Yisrael at one time.—Avudraham", "And [the angels] call one to another and say:", "“Holy, holy, holy", "is Adonoy of Hosts:2According to the Targum interpretation, the thrice “holy” in the Kedushah does not indicate three ascending degrees of sanctification. Instead its implies a declaration that He Who is holy in the loftiest regions of His heavenly abode is holy not only there but also on earth, the creation of His Almighty power; and that He was not only holy in the past, but that He is holy even now and will be holy throughout all the ages.—S.R. Hirsch", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.”3Yeshaya 6:3", "And they receive [sanction] one from another,", "and say,", "“Holy in the highest heights of heaven,", "the abode of His Divine Presence;", "holy upon earth,", "the work of His mighty power;", "holy forever and to all eternity—", "is Adonoy of Hosts;", "the whole earth is filled", "with the radiance of His glory.”", "And a wind lifted me;", "and I heard behind me", "the sound of a great rushing;", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from His place.”4Yechezkel 3:125See note 43 on Page 285.", "“And a wind lifted me", "and I heard behind me", "a sound of a great rushing", "of those who uttered praises and said,", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from the place,", "the abode of His Divine Presence.”", "Adonoy will reign forever and ever.6Shemos 15:18", "Adonoy, His Kingdom is established", "forever and to all eternity.", "Adonoy,", "God of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yisrael,", "our fathers,", "keep this forever", "as the intention of the hearts of Your people,", "and direct their hearts to You.7Divrei Hayamim I 29:188May our recitation of the Kedushah inspire our thoughts and direct our hearts to serve You.—Avudraham", "And He, the merciful One,", "atones iniquity and does not destroy;", "He frequently withdraws His anger", "and does not arouse all His rage.9Tehillim 78:38", "For You, my Master, are good and forgiving,", "and abounding in kindness", "to all who call upon You.10Tehillim 86:5", "Your righteousness is everlasting", "and Your Torah is truth.11Tehillim 119:142", "You will grant truth to Yaakov", "kindliness to Avraham,12The patriarchs symbolize the three pillars of the universe—Torah, avodah,—the Temple service and gemilas chasadim—kindliness. Yaakov epitomized Torah, which is the ultimate truth; Yitzchak personified Divine service in his readiness to be offered as a sacrifice to Hashem; and Avraham exemplified the ideal and practice of kindliness throughout his life. We thus pray to be granted a share in the Divine truth of Torah in Yaakov’s merit, and to receive Hashem’s kindliness in Avraham’s merit.", "as You have sworn to our fathers", "from the days of old.13Michah 7:20", "Blessed is my Master day by day;", "He loads us, [with blessings]14Etz Yosef interprets the verse in this manner: “Blessed is Adonoy who loads us each day with His blessings and goodness.”", "the Almighty Who is our deliverance,", "forever.15Tehillim 68:20", "Adonoy of Hosts is with us", "a stronghold for us", "is the God of Yaakov, selah.16Tehillim 46:8", "Adonoy of Hosts,", "fortunate is the man who trusts in You.17Tehillim 84:13", "Adonoy, deliver [us];", "the King will answer us on the day we call.18Tehillim 20:10", "Blessed is He, our God,", "Who created us for His glory,19This phrase is based on Yeshaya 43:7 “Everything that is called by My Name, I have created it for My glory.”", "and set us apart from those who go astray;20This prayer is based on Yehoshua 24:2, 3, “Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the river—and they served other gods. And I took your father Avraham from the other side of the river.” See Bereishis 20:13 as interpreted by Onkelos.", "and gave us the Torah of truth,", "and eternal life He implanted within us.", "May He open our heart to His Torah,", "and instill in our heart love and awe of Him,", "to do His will and serve Him", "with a perfect heart,", "so that we shall not labor in vain21Some women are barren; they cannot bear children at all. Others have children who are unable to live. Similarly, there are those who study Torah only to criticize and ridicule what they learn, while others learn sincerely but later rebel against its teachings. Those who study to ridicule are comparable to the barren women who are unable to give birth. But those who later rebel are like those who bear children and bury them. We pray to Hashem to instill His love and fear in our hearts so that our learning will bear fruit and have a lasting influence on our lives.—Siddur HaGra", "nor bring forth that which causes dismay.21Some women are barren; they cannot bear children at all. Others have children who are unable to live. Similarly, there are those who study Torah only to criticize and ridicule what they learn, while others learn sincerely but later rebel against its teachings. Those who study to ridicule are comparable to the barren women who are unable to give birth. But those who later rebel are like those who bear children and bury them. We pray to Hashem to instill His love and fear in our hearts so that our learning will bear fruit and have a lasting influence on our lives.—Siddur HaGra", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and God of our fathers,", "that we keep Your statutes in this world,", "and [thus] be privileged to live and behold,", "and to inherit the goodness and blessing", "of the Messianic days", "and in the life of the World to Come.", "In order that my soul sing to You", "and not be stilled;", "Adonoy, my God, forever will I thank You.22Tehillim 30:13", "Blessed is the man who trusts in Adonoy,23He does not just put his trust in Hashem while relying also upon a great many other factors which he considers the essential supports of his life and happiness. Hashem alone is the source of his trust; he relies on none other than Hashem.—S.R. Hirsch", "so that Adonoy is his security.24Yirmiyahu 17:7", "Trust in Adonoy until the end of days,", "for in God,", "Adonoy, is the strength of the worlds.25Yeshaya 26:4", "They will trust in You—", "those who know26These are men of the highest caliber who perceive Hashem’s ways with undistorted clarity. They discern Hashem’s hand guiding the world in its constant, miraculous operation and they know with certainty that all is directed by Hashem.—Malbim your Name", "for You have never forsaken", "those who seek You, Adonoy.27Tehillim 9:11", "Adonoy desired,", "for the sake of His righteousness,", "to make the Torah great and to glorify it.28Yeshaya 42:21", "
The Chazzan recites the following Half-Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "
On weekdays turn to page 445.
", "
When Rosh Hashana occurs on Shabbos, say:
", "But as for me,", "may my prayer to You, Adonoy,", "be at a favorable time;", "God, in the abundance of Your kindness,", "answer me with the truth of Your deliverance.", "
When the Holy Ark is opened, the following is said:
", "And whenever the Ark traveled", "Moshe would say: “Rise, Adonoy", "and let Your enemies be scattered,", "and those who hate You, flee before You.”", "For from Tziyon will go forth the Torah,", "and the word of Adonoy from Yerushalayim.", "Blessed is He Who gave the Torah", "to His people Yisrael in His holiness." ], "Berich Shemei": [ "The following prayer is taken from the Zohar (Parshas Vayakhail), the basic text of Kabbalah which was written by the Mishnahic sage Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. The Zohar states, “When the Torah is taken out to be read before the congregation, the heavenly gates of mercy are opened, and the Divine love is aroused; therefore one should say the following prayer.", "Blessed is the Name", "of the Master of the Universe.", "Blessed is Your crown and Your place.", "May Your good will [be]", "with Your people Yisrael forever.", "The redemption of Your right hand,", "show Your people in Your Holy Temple.", "Bestow on us Your excellent light,", "and accept our prayer with compassion.", "May it be Your will", "to prolong our lives in well-being.", "Let me be counted", "among the righteous,", "so that You will have compassion on me", "and protect me and all that is mine,", "and all that belongs to Your people, Yisrael.", "You are He", "Who nourishes all and maintains all;", "You are He Who rules over all;", "You are He Who rules over kings,", "and the kingdom is Yours.", "I am a servant", "of the Holy One, blessed is He,", "I bow before Him", "and before the honor of His Torah", "at all times.", "Not in man do I put my trust,", "nor do I rely on any angel;", "but only in the God of heaven", "Who is the true God,", "Whose Torah is truth,", "Whose prophets are true,", "and Who performs many deeds", "of goodness and truth.", "In Him I put my trust", "and to His holy, honored Name", "I utter praises.", "May it be Your will", "to open my heart to Torah,", "and to fulfill the desires of my heart", "and of the heart of Your people Yisrael", "for goodness, for life, and for peace.", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Declare the greatness of Adonoy with me,", "and let us exalt His Name together.", "
The Congregation responds:
", "Yours, Adonoy, is the greatness, the might,", "the glory, the victory, and the beauty,", "for everything in heaven and on earth", "[is Yours]; Yours, Adonoy, is the kingdom,", "and You are uplifted over all rulers.", "Exalt Adonoy, our God", "and prostrate yourselves at His footstool,", "Holy is He.", "Exalt Adonoy, Our God", "and prostrate yourselves", "at His holy mountain", "for Adonoy, our God, is holy.", "May the Father of mercy have compassion", "on the people borne by Him,", "and may He remember", "the covenant with the patriarchs;", "may He rescue our souls", "from evil times;", "and may He rebuke the Evil Impulse", "from those who have been carried by Him;", "and may He graciously grant us", "eternal survival;", "and fulfill our requests", "in beneficent measure,", "[for] deliverance and compassion.", "
When the Torah is unrolled, the Reader says:
", "May His sovereignty be revealed and visible", "to us, soon;", "and may He be gracious to our remnant", "and the remnant of His people,", "the House of Yisrael;", "[granting them] favor, kindness,", "compassion and goodwill,", "and let us say Amein.", "Let us all ascribe greatness to our God", "and give honor to the Torah.", "Let the Kohein come forward.", "Arise, son of , the Kohein,", "Blessed is He Who gave the Torah", "to His people, Yisrael, in His holiness.", "
The Congregation responds:
", "And you who cling to Adonoy, Your God,", "are all alive today.", "
(The following blessings are recited by every person called to the Torah.)
", "
The Kohein walks up to the Torah, and says:
", "Blessed Adonoy, Who is blessed.", "
The Congregation responds and the Kohein repeats:
", "Blessed is Adonoy, Who is blessed,", "forever and ever.", "
The Kohein says:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe,", "Who chose us", "from among all the peoples", "and gave us His Torah.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Giver of the Torah.", "
After the Torah is read, the Kohein says:
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, King of the Universe", "Who gave us the Torah of truth,", "and implanted eternal life within us.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Giver of the Torah.", "
The above blessings are recited by every person called to the Torah.
", "", "
When the reading of the Torah is concluded, the Torah is raised so that the congregation can see the script, and the congregation exclaims:
", "This is the Torah which Moshe placed", "before the children of Yisrael.", "at Adonoy’s command by the hand of Moshe.", "It is a tree of life", "to those who grasp to it,", "and those who support it are fortunate.", "Its ways are ways of pleasantness,", "and all its paths are peace.", "Long life is at its right,", "at its left, riches and honor.", "Adonoy desired,", "for the sake of His righteousness,", "to make the Torah great and to glorify it.", "
The Chazzan takes the Torah and says:
", "They will praise the Name of Adonoy", "for His Name alone is exalted.", "
The congregation then says:
", "His majesty is over the earth and the skies.", "He will raise the might of His people,", "[which is] praise for all His pious ones,", "for the Children of Yisrael,", "the people near to Him.", "Praise God.", "A Psalm of Dovid:", "the earth is Adonoy’s and the fullness thereof,", "the inhabited world and those who dwell in it.", "For He founded it upon the seas,", "and established it upon rivers.", "Who may ascend the mountain of Adonoy,", "and who may stand", "in the place of His holiness?", "The clean of hands and the pure of heart,", "who has not borne My soul in vain,", "and has not sworn deceitfully.", "He will bear Adonoy’s blessing", "and righteousness", "from the God of his deliverance.", "This is the generation of those who seek Him,", "the seekers of Your Presence,", "[God of] Yaakov, selah.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and be uplifted", "[you] entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is this King of Glory?", "Adonoy, strong and mighty;", "Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle.", "Lift up your heads, gates,", "and lift up, entranceways to eternity,", "so that the King of Glory may enter.", "Who is He, this King of Glory?", "Adonoy Tzevaos,", "He is the King of Glory, selah.", "
As the Torah is returned to the Ark the following is said:
", "And when it rested, he would say:", "Return, Adonoy,", "to the myriads and thousands of Yisrael.", "Arise, Adonoy unto Your resting place,", "You and the Ark of Your strength.", "Let Your priests", "clothe themselves in righteousness,", "and let Your devoted ones sing in joy.", "For the sake of Dovid, Your servant,", "do not reject Your anointed.", "For I have given you good instruction,", "do not forsake My Torah.", "It is a tree of life to those who grasp it,", "and those who support it are fortunate.", "Its ways are ways of pleasantness", "and all its paths are peace.", "Cause us to return to You, Adonoy,", "and we shall return;", "renew our days as of old.", "
The Chazzan recites the Half-Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—", "and say Amein." ], "Amidah": [ "When I proclaim Adonoy’s Name", "attribute greatness to our God.", "My Master, open my lips,", "and my mouth will declare Your praise.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "our God, and God of our fathers,", "God of Avraham, God of Yitzchak,", "and God of Yaakov,", "the Almighty,", "the Great, the Powerful, the Awesome,", "most high Almighty,", "Who bestows beneficent kindness,", "Who possesses everything,", "Who remembers the piety of the Patriarchs,", "and Who brings a redeemer", "to their children’s children,", "for the sake of His Name, with love.", "Remember us for life", "King, Who desires life;", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "
If you forgot to say this, and became aware of your omission before saying the blessing, you should recite it. If you have already said “Blessed are You, Adonoy,” you must continue the prayers without saying “Remember.”
", "King, Helper, and Deliverer and Shield.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Shield of Avraham.", "DIVINE MIGHT", "You are mighty forever, my Master;", "You are the Resurrector of the dead", "the Powerful One to deliver us.", "Sustainer of the living with kindliness,", "Resurrector of the dead with great mercy,", "Supporter of the fallen,", "and Healer of the sick,", "and Releaser of the imprisoned,", "and Fulfiller of His faithfulness", "to those who sleep in the dust.", "Who is like You, Master of mighty deeds,", "and who can be compared to You?", "King Who causes death and restores life,", "and causes deliverance to sprout forth.", "Who is like You merciful Father,", "Who remembers His creatures for life,", "in His mercy.", "
If you forgot to say this, the same law applies as above concerning “Remember us for life.”
", "And You are faithful", "to restore the dead to life.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Resurrector of the dead.", "
When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh, the Kedushah is said here
" ], "Kedushah": [ "
The Congregation says and the Chazzan repeats:
", "We will sanctify Your Name in the world,", "just as they sanctify it", "in the highest heavens;", "as is written by the hand of Your prophet,", "“And they called one to another, and said:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "‘Holy, holy, holy,", "is Adonoy of Hosts,", "the fullness of all the earth is His glory.’”", "
The Chazzan says:
", "Those facing them say “Boruch...”", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "“Blessed is the glory of Adonoy", "from its place.”", "
The Chazzan says:
", "And in Your holy words it is written:", "
Congregation says and Chazzan repeats:
", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations!", "Praise God.”", "
The Chazzan concludes:
", "From generation to generation", "we will declare Your greatness,", "and to all eternity,", "we will sanctify Your holiness,", "and Your praise, our God,", "will not depart from our mouth", "forever and ever;", "because You are the Almighty", "Who is King; Great, and Holy.", "
During the silent Shemoneh Esreh, continue here:
", "You are holy and Your Name is holy", "and holy beings", "praise You every day, forever.", "And so,", "grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God,", "be upon all Your works,", "and Your dread upon all You have created;", "and [then] all [Your] works will fear You,", "and prostrate before You", "will be all [Your] created beings.", "And may they all form a single band", "to do Your will", "with a perfect heart.", "For we know Adonoy, our God", "that rulership is Yours,", "strength is in Your hand,", "might is in Your right hand", "and Your Name is awesome", "over all You have created.", "And so,", "grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people,", "praise to those who fear You,", "good hope to those who seek You", "confident speech", "to those who yearn for You,", "joy to Your land, gladness to Your city,", "flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant", "and an array of light", "to the son of Yishai, Your anointed,", "speedily in our days.", "And then", "the righteous will see [this] and rejoice,", "and the upright will be jubilant,", "and the pious will exult with joyous song;", "injustice will close its mouth,", "and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke,", "when You remove the rule of evil", "from the earth.", "And You Adonoy will reign alone", "over all Your works", "on Mount Tziyon,", "dwelling place of Your glory,", "and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary,", "as it is written in Your holy words,", "“Adonoy will reign forever;", "Your God, Tziyon,", "throughout all generations.", "Praise God.”", "Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name,", "and there is no God beside You,", "as it is written,", "“And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted", "through justice", "and the Almighty, the Holy One,", "is sanctified through righteousness.”", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "the King, the Holy One.", "You chose us from [among] all the peoples;", "You loved us and took pleasure in us;", "You exalted us above all tongues,", "and You sanctified us", "with Your commandments;", "You drew us near, our King, to Your servitude", "and Your great and Holy Name,", "You have pronounced upon us.", "And You gave us Adonoy, our God,", "in love,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(this Shabbos Day and)", "this day of Remembrance", "a day for", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(the remembrance of)", "sounding the shofar", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(with love)", "a day of holy assembly", "commemorating the exodus from Mitzrayim.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "may there ascend, come, and reach,", "appear, be desired, and heard,", "counted and recalled", "our remembrance and reckoning;", "the remembrance of our fathers;", "the remembrance of the Messiah", "the son of Dovid, Your servant;", "the remembrance of Yerushalayim,", "city of Your Sanctuary", "and the remembrance of Your entire people,", "the House of Yisrael, before You", "for survival, for well-being,", "for favor, kindliness, compassion,", "for life and peace", "on this day of Remembrance.", "Remember us Adonoy, our God", "on this day for well-being;", "be mindful of us on this day for blessing,", "and deliver us for life.", "In accord with the promise of deliverance", "and compassion,", "spare us and favor us,", "have compassion on us and deliver us;", "for to You our eyes are directed", "because You are the Almighty,", "Who is King, Gracious and Merciful.", "Our God and God of our fathers,", "reign over the entire world", "with Your glory,", "and be uplifted over all the earth", "with Your honor,", "and appear", "in the splendor of Your majestic might", "over all who dwell", "in the inhabited world of Your earth;", "so everything that has been made will know", "that You have made it,", "and it will be understood", "by everything that was formed", "that You formed it,", "And they will say,", "everyone who has breath in his nostrils,", "“Adonoy, God of Yisrael is King", "and His Kingship rules over all.”", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(Our God and God of our fathers,", "be pleased with our rest)", "Sanctify us with Your commandments", "and give us our share in Your Torah;", "satisfy us from Your goodness", "and gladden us with Your deliverance,", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(And give us as our inheritance", "Adonoy our God", "with love and with pleasure", "Your holy Sabbath;", "and may Yisrael rest thereon—", "[they who are] sanctifiers of Your Name)", "and purify our hearts to serve You in truth,", "for You are the true God,", "and Your word is true and enduring forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "King over all the earth,", "Sanctifier", "
On Shabbos add:
", "(of the Sabbath and)", "of Yisrael and the Day of Remembrance.", "PRAYER FOR RETURN OF DIVINE SERVICE", "Be pleased, Adonoy, our God,", "with Your people Yisrael", "and their prayer;", "and restore the service", "to the Holy of Holies in Your abode,", "and the fire-offerings of Yisrael;", "and accept their prayer, lovingly", "and willingly.", "And may You always find pleasure", "with the service of Your people, Yisrael.", "And may our eyes behold", "Your merciful return to Tziyon.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon.", "
At the words, We are thankful, bend forward; at Adonoy return to an upright position.
", "THANKSGIVING", "We are thankful to You", "that You Adonoy are our God", "and the God of our fathers forever;", "Rock of our lives,", "Shield of our deliverance,", "You are in every generation.", "We will give thanks to You", "and recount Your praise,", "for our lives", "which are committed into Your hand,", "and for our souls", "which are entrusted to You,", "and for Your miracles of every day with us,", "and for Your wonders and benefactions", "at all times—", "evening, morning and noon.", "(You are) The Beneficent One—", "for Your compassion is never withheld;", "And (You are) the Merciful One—", "for Your kindliness never ceases;", "we have always placed our hope in You.", "
When the Chazzan repeats the Shemoneh Esreh and says, “Who returns His Divine Presence to Tziyon,” the congregation responds by saying “Amein” and then the following prayer.
", "We are thankful to You,", "that You Adonoy are our God,", "and God of our fathers,", "God of all flesh,", "Our Creator, Creator of the Beginning.", "Blessings and thanksgivings", "to Your great and Holy Name", "for keeping us alive, and sustaining us;", "so may You always keep us alive", "and sustain us,", "and gather our exiles", "to the Courtyards of Your Sanctuary", "to observe Your statutes,", "and to do Your will,", "and to serve You wholeheartedly,", "for we are thankful to You.", "Blessed is the Almighty", "to Whom all thanks are due.", "And for all the foregoing", "blessed and exalted your Name, our King", "constantly, forever and ever.", "Inscribe for a good life", "all the children of Your covenant.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah. If you became aware of the omission before concluding the blessing, you can say it at that time.
", "And all the living shall thank You forever", "and praise Your Name with sincerity", "the Almighty, Who is our deliverance", "and our help forever.", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "“The Beneficent” is Your Name", "and You it is fitting to praise.", "PRAYER FOR PEACE", "Grant peace, goodness, and blessing,", "favor, kindness and compassion", "upon us and upon all Yisrael, Your people.", "Bless us, our Father, all of us as one", "with the light of Your countenance.", "For by the light of Your countenance", "You gave us Adonoy our God,", "a Torah of life and the love of kindliness,", "righteousness, blessing, compassion,", "life, and peace.", "And may it be good in Your eyes", "and to bless Your people Yisrael,", "at all times and at every moment", "with Your peace.", "In the book of life, blessing, peace", "and abundant maintenance,", "may we be remembered and inscribed", "before You;", "we and all Your people, the House of Yisrael", "for a good life and peace.", "
If you forgot to say this, you need not go back and repeat the Amidah.
", "Blessed are You, Adonoy,", "Who makes the peace.", "
(others conclude—
", "Who blesses His people Yisrael", "with peace.)", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "My God, guard my tongue from evil", "and my lips from speaking deceitfully.", "To those who curse me,", "may my soul be unresponsive;", "and let my soul be like dust to all.", "Open my heart to Your Torah", "and let my soul pursue Your commandments.", "And all who plan evil against me,", "quickly annul their counsel", "and frustrate their intention.", "Act for the sake of Your Name.", "Act for the sake of Your right hand.", "Act for the sake of Your holiness.", "Act for the sake of Your Torah.", "In order that Your loved ones be released,", "deliver [with] Your right hand", "and answer me.", "May the words of my mouth be acceptable", "and the thoughts of my heart—before You", "Adonoy, my Rock and my Redeemer.", "He Who makes the peace in His high heavens", "may He make peace", "upon us and upon all Yisrael", "and say Amein.", "May it be Your will,", "Adonoy, our God, and the God of our Fathers", "that the Holy Temple be rebuilt", "speedily in our days,", "and grant us our share in Your Torah.", "And there we will serve You reverently", "as in the days of old,", "and in earlier years.", "And let Adonoy be pleased", "with the offerings of Judah and Yerushalayim", "as in the days of old and in earlier years." ], "Avinu Malkenu": [ "
This prayer is not recited on the Sabbath.
", "
The Ark is opened:
", "Our Father, our King!", "we have sinned before You.", "Our Father our King!", "we have no King except You.", "Our Father, our King!", "deal with us [kindly]", "for the sake of Your Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "renew for us a good year", "Our Father, our King!", "annul all harsh decrees concerning us.", "Our Father, our King!", "annul the designs of those who hate us.", "Our Father, our King!", "thwart the plans of our enemies.", "Our Father, our King!", "rid us of every oppressor and adversary.", "Our Father, our King!", "close the mouths of our adversaries", "and our accusers.", "Our Father, our King!", "remove pestilence, sword, famine, captivity,", "destruction and [the burden of] iniquity", "from the members of Your covenant.", "Our Father, our King!", "withhold the plague from Your inheritance.", "Our Father, our King!", "forgive and pardon all our iniquities.", "Our Father, our King!", "blot out and remove our transgressions", "and sins from before Your eyes.", "Our Father, our King!", "erase in Your abundant mercy", "all records of our liabilities.", "Our Father, our King!", "bring us back", "in wholehearted repentance before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "send complete healing", "to the sick among Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "tear up the evil [parts] of our sentence.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember us favorably before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Good Life.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Redemption and Deliverance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Maintenance and Sustenance.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us in the Book of Merits.", "Our Father, our King!", "inscribe us", "in the Book of Pardon and Forgiveness.", "Our Father, our King!", "cause deliverance to spring forth for us soon.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Yisrael Your people.", "Our Father, our King!", "raise up the might of Your anointed.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our hands with Your blessings.", "Our Father, our King!", "fill our storehouses with abundance.", "Our Father, our King!", "hear our voice,", "spare us and have compassion upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "accept", "our prayer with compassion and favor.", "Our Father, our King!", "open the gates of heaven to our prayer.", "Our Father, our King!", "remember, that we are dust.", "Our Father, our King!", "please do not turn us away", "empty-handed from You.", "Our Father, our King!", "let this hour be", "an hour of compassion", "and a time of favor before You.", "Our Father, our King!", "have compassion upon us,", "and upon our children and infants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slain for Your Holy Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who were slaughtered", "for [proclaiming] Your Unity.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of those", "who went through fire and water", "for the sanctification of Your Name.", "Our Father, our King!", "avenge the spilled blood of Your servants.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake if not for ours.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for Your sake and deliver us.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake of Your great mercy.", "Our Father, our King!", "do it for the sake", "of Your great, mighty, and awesome Name", "which is proclaimed upon us.", "Our Father, our King!", "favor us and answer us", "for we have no accomplishments;", "deal with us charitably and kindly", "and deliver us.", "
The Ark is closed, and the Chazzan recites the following Kaddish:
", "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be acceptance", "of the prayers and supplications", "of the entire House of Yisrael", "before their Father in heaven.", "And say, Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ], "Aleinu": [ "It is our obligation to praise", "the Master of all,", "to ascribe greatness", "to the Creator", "of the [world in the] beginning:", "that He has not made us", "like the nations of the lands,", "and has not positioned us", "like the families of the earth;", "that He has not assigned", "our portion like theirs,", "nor our lot like that of all their multitudes.", "For they prostrate themselves", "to vanity and nothingness,", "and pray to a god that cannot deliver.", "But we bow, prostrate ourselves,", "and offer thanks", "before the Supreme King of kings,", "the Holy One blessed is He,", "Who spreads the heavens,", "and establishes the earth,", "and the seat of His glory is in heaven above,", "and the abode of His invincible might", "is in the loftiest heights.", "He is our God, there is nothing else.", "Our King is true,", "all else is insignificant,", "as it is written in His Torah:", "“And You shall know this day", "and take into your heart", "that Adonoy is God", "in the heavens above", "and upon the earth below;", "there is nothing else.”", "We therefore put our hope in You,", "Adonoy our God,", "to soon behold the glory of Your might", "in banishing idolatry from the earth,", "and the false gods", "will be utterly exterminated", "to perfect the world", "as the kingdom of Shadai.", "And all mankind will invoke Your Name,", "to turn back to You,", "all the wicked of the earth.", "They will realize and know,", "all the inhabitants of the world,", "that to You, every knee must bend,", "every tongue must swear [allegiance to You].", "Before You, Adonoy, our God,", "they will bow and prostrate themselves,", "and to the glory of Your Name give honor.", "And they will all accept [upon themselves]", "the yoke of Your kingdom,", "and You will reign over them, soon,", "forever and ever.", "For the kingdom is Yours,", "and to all eternity You will reign in glory,", "as it is written in Your Torah:", "“Adonoy will reign forever and ever.”", "And it is said:", "“And Adonoy will be King", "over the whole earth;", "on that day Adonoy will be One", "and His Name One.”" ], "Mourner's Kaddish": [ "Exalted and sanctified be His great Name", "in the world which He created", "according to His will;", "and may He rule His Kingdom", "in your lifetime and in your days,", "and in the lifetime", "of the entire House of Yisrael,", "speedily and in the near future—", "and say Amein.", "May His great Name be blessed", "forever and for all eternity.", "Blessed and praised,", "glorified, and exalted and uplifted,", "honored and elevated and extolled", "be the Name of the Holy One, blessed is He;", "far above", "all the blessings and hymns,", "praises and consolations", "which we utter in the world—and say Amein.", "May there be abundant peace from heaven", "and life", "for us and for all Yisrael,", "—and say Amein.", "He Who makes the peace", "in His high heavens", "may He, make peace", "for us and or all Yisrael,", "and say, Amein." ] }, "Tashlich": [ "On the first day of Rosh Hashana [or on the second day if the first day is Shabbos], after the Mincha Services, before sunset, it is customary to go to a body of water [the ocean, river, lake, etc.] but preferably one which contains fish, and recite the following prayers. The opening verses are taken from Micah 7:18-20 and they correspond to the thirteen Divine Attributes mentioned in Shemos 34:6,7. The closing verses are from Psalms 118:5-9 which correspond to the nine attributes mentioned in Bamidbar 14:18.", "According to Maharam Yaffe the custom of the Tashlich ritual is based on the Midrash. “As Avraham was about to sacrifice Yitzchak, the Satan disguised himself as a raging river. Upon approaching the river, Avraham went in wading up to his waist. Thinking he would be able to ford the river, he summoned Yitzchak and they had taken but a few steps when the water surged up to their necks. Avraham cried out, “Deliver us Adonoy, for the water is drowning us,” and they were saved. Others say that water is the symbol of kindness, and fish symbolize an ever-open eye. Thus we ask God to bestow His benevolent kindness on us and protect us with His watchful eye.", "Who is an Almighty like You", "Forbearer of iniquity,", "and forgiver of transgression", "for the remnant of His heritage?", "He does not maintain His wrath forever,", "for He desires to do kindness.", "He will again show us compassion,", "He will suppress our iniquities;", "and You will cast into the depths of the sea", "all their sins.", "You will grant truth to Yaakov,", "kindness to Avraham,", "as You swore to our fathers", "from the days of old.", "From the narrowness [of distress]", "I called [to] God;", "He answered me", "with the breadth of Divine relief.", "Adonoy is with me, I will not fear,", "what can man do to me?", "Adonoy is with me, to help me,", "and I will see my enemies’ [defeat].", "It is better to take refuge in Adonoy", "than to trust in man.", "It is better to take refuge in Adonoy", "than to trust in nobles.", "Joyfully exult", "in Adonoy, [you] righteous ones,", "for the upright, praise is fitting.", "Thank Adonoy with the harp,", "with the ten-stringed lyre sing to Him.", "Sing Him a new song,", "play skillfully with jubilation.", "For upright is the word of Adonoy,", "and all His deeds [are done] with faithfulness.", "He loves righteousness and justice,", "the kindliness of Adonoy fills the earth.", "By the word of God, the heavens were made,", "and by the breath of His mouth,", "all their hosts.", "He gathers like a mound the waters of the sea,", "He places in vaults the deep waters.", "Fear Adonoy, all the earth,", "of Him, be frightened", "all dwellers of the inhabited world.", "For He spoke and it became;", "He commanded and it stood.", "Adonoy annuls the counsel of nations,", "He disrupts the intention of peoples.", "The counsel of Adonoy will stand forever,", "the thoughts of His heart", "throughout all generations.", "Fortunate is the nation", "for whom Adonoy is their God,", "the people He chose as His heritage.", "From the heavens, Adonoy looks [down],", "He sees all mankind.", "From His dwelling place,", "He watches intently", "all the inhabitants of the earth.", "He forms their hearts all together;", "He perceives all their doings.", "A king is not saved by a great army;", "a mighty man is not rescued", "with [his] great strength.", "A horse is deceptive [assurance]", "for deliverance,", "and with its great strength", "it provides no escape.", "Behold, the eye of Adonoy", "is on those who fear Him,", "on those who wait for His kindliness.", "To rescue their soul from death,", "and to keep them alive during famine.", "Our soul yearned for Adonoy,", "our help and our shield is He.", "For in Him our heart will rejoice,", "for in His Holy Name we trust.", "May your kindliness, Adonoy, be upon us,", "as we have waited for You.", "May it be Your will", "Adonoy, our God, and God of our fathers,", "most High Almighty", "Who is crowned", "with thirteen attributes of mercy,", "that this be a time of favor before You,", "and may it ascend before You", "our recitation of the Thirteen Attributes", "of mercy, [which are contained in the verses:", "“Who is an Almighty like You”", "which correspond", "to the Thirteen Attributes,", "“Almighty, Merciful, Gracious etc.,”", "that we have recited before You.", "Consider it as if we had comprehended", "all the esoteric meanings", "and the combinations of the Holy Names", "that are formed from them.", "And the joining of their attributes,", "which, one by one, shall approach [You]", "to sweeten the severe judgments.", "And so, cast into the depths of the sea", "all our sins.", "And You, with Your goodness,", "arouse Your mercy,", "that we may be cleansed", "from all forms of impurity.", "And may there ascend [before You]", "all the sparks of holiness", "which have been scattered.", "And may we be refined and purified", "through Your goodness.", "You Almighty, are our deliverance,", "the Keeper of kindness", "for thousands [of generations.]", "And with Your abundant compassion", "grant us long life,", "a life of peace,", "a life of goodness,", "a life of blessing,", "a life of good sustenance,", "a life of bodily vigor,", "a life in which there is", "fear of Heaven and fear of sin,", "a life in which there is no", "shame or disgrace,", "a life of prosperity and honor,", "in order that we may serve You,", "a life in which there will be within us", "love of Torah and fear of Heaven,", "a life [in which]", "You will fulfill the wishes of our hearts", "for goodness.", "And remember us for life", "O King, Who desires life,", "and inscribe us in the Book of Life,", "for Your sake, Living God.", "And tear up the evil [parts] of our sentence,", "and may our merits be stated before You." ] }, "versions": [ [ "The Metsudah Machzor. Metsudah Publications, New York -- en", "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH000996925" ] ], "heTitle": "מחזור לראש השנה - אשכנז", "categories": [ "Liturgy", "High Holidays" ], "schema": { "heTitle": "מחזור לראש השנה - אשכנז", "enTitle": "Machzor Rosh Hashanah Ashkenaz Linear", "key": "Machzor Rosh Hashanah Ashkenaz Linear", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "התרת נדרים", "enTitle": "Annullment of Vows" }, { "heTitle": "עירוב תבשילין", "enTitle": "Eiruv Tavshilin" }, { "heTitle": "הדלקת הנרות", "enTitle": "Lighting the Candles" }, { "heTitle": "תפילת מנחה לערב ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Mincha for Erev Rosh Hashana", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "אשרי", "enTitle": "Ashrei" }, { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "עלינו", "enTitle": "Aleinu" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש יתום", "enTitle": "Mourner's Kaddish" } ] }, { "heTitle": "תפילת ערבית", "enTitle": "Maariv", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "קבלת שבת", "enTitle": "Kabbalas Shabbos" }, { "heTitle": "ברכו", "enTitle": "Borechu" }, { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "ויכולו", "enTitle": "Vayechulu" }, { "heTitle": "מגן אבות", "enTitle": "Magein Avos" }, { "heTitle": "עלינו", "enTitle": "Aleinu" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש יתום", "enTitle": "Mourner's Kaddish" }, { "heTitle": "אדון עולם", "enTitle": "Adon Olam" } ] }, { "heTitle": "קידוש", "enTitle": "Kiddush" }, { "heTitle": "תפילת שחרית", "enTitle": "The Morning Prayers", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "סדר השכמת הבוקר", "enTitle": "Upon Arising in the Morning" }, { "heTitle": "סדר עטיפת טלית", "enTitle": "Putting On the Tallis" }, { "heTitle": "מה טובו", "enTitle": "Ma Tovu" }, { "heTitle": "אדון עולם", "enTitle": "Adon Olam" }, { "heTitle": "יגדל", "enTitle": "Yigdal" }, { "heTitle": "ברכות השכמה", "enTitle": "Blessings Upon Arising" }, { "heTitle": "ברכות התורה", "enTitle": "Blessings of the Torah" }, { "heTitle": "ברכות השחר", "enTitle": "Morning Blessings" }, { "heTitle": "עקידה", "enTitle": "Akeidah (The Binding of Yitzchak)" }, { "heTitle": "קרבנות", "enTitle": "Korbanos (Sacrificial Offerings)" }, { "heTitle": "קרבן תמיד", "enTitle": "Korban Tamid (Daily Offering)" }, { "heTitle": "קטורת", "enTitle": "Ketores (Incense Offering)" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש דרבנן", "enTitle": "Kaddish d'Rabanan" }, { "heTitle": "מזמור שיר", "enTitle": "Mizmor Shir" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש יתום", "enTitle": "Mourner's Kaddish" }, { "heTitle": "פסוקי דזמרה", "enTitle": "Pesukei Dezimrah" }, { "heTitle": "ברוך שאמר", "enTitle": "Baruch She'amar" }, { "heTitle": "הודו", "enTitle": "Hodu" }, { "heTitle": "יהי כבוד", "enTitle": "Yehi Kevod" }, { "heTitle": "שירת הים", "enTitle": "Shiras Hayam" }, { "heTitle": "נשמת", "enTitle": "Nishmas" }, { "heTitle": "יום ראשון של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "First Day of Rosh Hashana", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "המלך", "enTitle": "The King" }, { "heTitle": "ישתבח", "enTitle": "Yishtabach" }, { "heTitle": "אל אדון", "enTitle": "Eil Adon" }, { "heTitle": "קריאת שמע", "enTitle": "Recitation of Shema" }, { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "חזרת הש\"ץ", "enTitle": "Reader's Repetition" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "קדושת היום", "enTitle": "Sancification of the Day" }, { "heTitle": "עבודה", "enTitle": "Avodah" }, { "heTitle": "אבינו מלכנו", "enTitle": "Avinu Malkenu" } ] }, { "heTitle": "יום שני של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Second Day of Rosh Hashana", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "המלך", "enTitle": "The King" }, { "heTitle": "ישתבח", "enTitle": "Yishtabach" }, { "heTitle": "קריאת שמע", "enTitle": "Recitation of Shema" }, { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "חזרת הש\"ץ", "enTitle": "Reader's Repetition" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "קדושת היום", "enTitle": "Sancification of the Day" }, { "heTitle": "עבודה", "enTitle": "Avodah" }, { "heTitle": "אבינו מלכנו", "enTitle": "Avinu Malkenu" } ] } ] }, { "heTitle": "קריאת התורה", "enTitle": "Reading of the Torah", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "ויהי בנסוע", "enTitle": "Va'yehi Binsoa" }, { "heTitle": "בריך שמה", "enTitle": "Berich Shemei" }, { "heTitle": "קריאה ליום ראשון של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Reading of the Torah for the First Day" }, { "heTitle": "קריאה ליום שני של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Reading of the Torah for the Second Day" }, { "heTitle": "מפטיר", "enTitle": "Maftir Reading from the Second Sefer Torah" }, { "heTitle": "ברכות ההפטרה", "enTitle": "Berachos for the Haftarah" }, { "heTitle": "הפטרה ליום ראשון של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Haftarah for the First Day of Rosh Hashana" }, { "heTitle": "הפטרה ליום שני של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Haftarah for the Second Day of Rosh Hashana" }, { "heTitle": "יקום פורקן", "enTitle": "Yekum Purkon" } ] }, { "heTitle": "תקיעת שופר", "enTitle": "Sounding of the Shofar" }, { "heTitle": "תפילת מוסף", "enTitle": "Musaf", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "הנני", "enTitle": "Hineni" }, { "heTitle": "יום ראשון של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "First Day of Rosh Hashana", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "חזרת הש\"ץ", "enTitle": "Reader's Repetition" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "מלכויות", "enTitle": "Malkhuyot" }, { "heTitle": "זכרונות", "enTitle": "Zikhronot" }, { "heTitle": "שופרות", "enTitle": "Shofarot" }, { "heTitle": "עבודה", "enTitle": "Avodah" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש דרבנן", "enTitle": "Kaddish d'Rabanan" }, { "heTitle": "עלינו", "enTitle": "Aleinu" }, { "heTitle": "שיר של יום", "enTitle": "Song of the Day" }, { "heTitle": "שׁיר הכבוד", "enTitle": "Hymn of Glory" } ] }, { "heTitle": "יום שני של ראש השנה", "enTitle": "Second Day of Rosh Hashana", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "חזרת הש\"ץ", "enTitle": "Reader's Repetition" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "מלכויות", "enTitle": "Malkhuyot" }, { "heTitle": "זכרונות", "enTitle": "Zikhronot" }, { "heTitle": "שופרות", "enTitle": "Shofarot" }, { "heTitle": "עבודה", "enTitle": "Avodah" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש דרבנן", "enTitle": "Kaddish d'Rabanan" }, { "heTitle": "עלינו", "enTitle": "Aleinu" }, { "heTitle": "שיר של יום", "enTitle": "Song of the Day" }, { "heTitle": "שׁיר הכבוד", "enTitle": "Hymn of Glory" } ] } ] }, { "heTitle": "תפילת מנחה", "enTitle": "Mincha", "nodes": [ { "heTitle": "אשרי", "enTitle": "Ashrei" }, { "heTitle": "בריך שמיה", "enTitle": "Berich Shemei" }, { "heTitle": "עמידה", "enTitle": "Amidah" }, { "heTitle": "קדושה", "enTitle": "Kedushah" }, { "heTitle": "אבינו מלכנו", "enTitle": "Avinu Malkenu" }, { "heTitle": "עלינו", "enTitle": "Aleinu" }, { "heTitle": "קדיש יתום", "enTitle": "Mourner's Kaddish" } ] }, { "heTitle": "סדר תשליך", "enTitle": "Tashlich" } ] } }