README.md

---
base_model: m42-health/med42-70b
inference: false
language:
- en
license: other
license_name: med42
model_creator: M42 Health
model_name: Med42 70B
model_type: llama
pipeline_tag: text-generation
prompt_template: '<|system|>: You are a helpful medical assistant created by M42 Health
  in the UAE.

  <|prompter|>:{prompt}

  <|assistant|>:

  '
quantized_by: TheBloke
tags:
- m42
- health
- healthcare
- clinical-llm
---
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->

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# Med42 70B - GPTQ
- Model creator: [M42 Health](https://huggingface.co/m42-health)
- Original model: [Med42 70B](https://huggingface.co/m42-health/med42-70b)

<!-- description start -->
## Description

This repo contains GPTQ model files for [M42 Health's Med42 70B](https://huggingface.co/m42-health/med42-70b).

Multiple GPTQ parameter permutations are provided; see Provided Files below for details of the options provided, their parameters, and the software used to create them.

These files were quantised using hardware kindly provided by [Massed Compute](https://massedcompute.com/).

<!-- description end -->
<!-- repositories-available start -->
## Repositories available

* [AWQ model(s) for GPU inference.](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-AWQ)
* [GPTQ models for GPU inference, with multiple quantisation parameter options.](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ)
* [2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8-bit GGUF models for CPU+GPU inference](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GGUF)
* [M42 Health's original unquantised fp16 model in pytorch format, for GPU inference and for further conversions](https://huggingface.co/m42-health/med42-70b)
<!-- repositories-available end -->

<!-- prompt-template start -->
## Prompt template: Med42

```
<|system|>: You are a helpful medical assistant created by M42 Health in the UAE.
<|prompter|>:{prompt}
<|assistant|>:

```

<!-- prompt-template end -->
<!-- licensing start -->
## Licensing

The creator of the source model has listed its license as `other`, and this quantization has therefore used that same license.

As this model is based on Llama 2, it is also subject to the Meta Llama 2 license terms, and the license files for that are additionally included. It should therefore be considered as being claimed to be licensed under both licenses. I contacted Hugging Face for clarification on dual licensing but they do not yet have an official position. Should this change, or should Meta provide any feedback on this situation, I will update this section accordingly.

In the meantime, any questions regarding licensing, and in particular how these two licenses might interact, should be directed to the original model repository: [M42 Health's Med42 70B](https://huggingface.co/m42-health/med42-70b).
<!-- licensing end -->

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-compatible clients start -->
## Known compatible clients / servers

These GPTQ models are known to work in the following inference servers/webuis.

- [text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui)
- [KobaldAI United](https://github.com/henk717/koboldai)
- [LoLLMS Web UI](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui)
- [Hugging Face Text Generation Inference (TGI)](https://github.com/huggingface/text-generation-inference)

This may not be a complete list; if you know of others, please let me know!
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-compatible clients end -->

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-provided-files start -->
## Provided files, and GPTQ parameters

Multiple quantisation parameters are provided, to allow you to choose the best one for your hardware and requirements.

Each separate quant is in a different branch.  See below for instructions on fetching from different branches.

Most GPTQ files are made with AutoGPTQ. Mistral models are currently made with Transformers.

<details>
  <summary>Explanation of GPTQ parameters</summary>

- Bits: The bit size of the quantised model.
- GS: GPTQ group size. Higher numbers use less VRAM, but have lower quantisation accuracy. "None" is the lowest possible value.
- Act Order: True or False. Also known as `desc_act`. True results in better quantisation accuracy. Some GPTQ clients have had issues with models that use Act Order plus Group Size, but this is generally resolved now.
- Damp %: A GPTQ parameter that affects how samples are processed for quantisation. 0.01 is default, but 0.1 results in slightly better accuracy.
- GPTQ dataset: The calibration dataset used during quantisation. Using a dataset more appropriate to the model's training can improve quantisation accuracy. Note that the GPTQ calibration dataset is not the same as the dataset used to train the model - please refer to the original model repo for details of the training dataset(s).
- Sequence Length: The length of the dataset sequences used for quantisation. Ideally this is the same as the model sequence length. For some very long sequence models (16+K), a lower sequence length may have to be used. Note that a lower sequence length does not limit the sequence length of the quantised model. It only impacts the quantisation accuracy on longer inference sequences.
- ExLlama Compatibility: Whether this file can be loaded with ExLlama, which currently only supports Llama and Mistral models in 4-bit.

</details>

| Branch | Bits | GS | Act Order | Damp % | GPTQ Dataset | Seq Len | Size | ExLlama | Desc |
| ------ | ---- | -- | --------- | ------ | ------------ | ------- | ---- | ------- | ---- |
| [main](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ/tree/main) | 4 | None | Yes | 0.1 | [Medical Meadow WikiDoc](https://huggingface.co/datasets/medalpaca/medical_meadow_wikidoc) | 4096 | 35.33 GB | Yes | 4-bit, with Act Order. No group size, to lower VRAM requirements. | 
| [gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ/tree/gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True) | 4 | 128 | Yes | 0.1 | [Medical Meadow WikiDoc](https://huggingface.co/datasets/medalpaca/medical_meadow_wikidoc) | 4096 | 36.65 GB | Yes | 4-bit, with Act Order and group size 128g. Uses even less VRAM than 64g, but with slightly lower accuracy. | 
| [gptq-4bit-32g-actorder_True](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ/tree/gptq-4bit-32g-actorder_True) | 4 | 32 | Yes | 0.1 | [Medical Meadow WikiDoc](https://huggingface.co/datasets/medalpaca/medical_meadow_wikidoc) | 4096 | 40.66 GB | Yes | 4-bit, with Act Order and group size 32g. Gives highest possible inference quality, with maximum VRAM usage. | 
| [gptq-3bit--1g-actorder_True](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ/tree/gptq-3bit--1g-actorder_True) | 3 | None | Yes | 0.1 | [Medical Meadow WikiDoc](https://huggingface.co/datasets/medalpaca/medical_meadow_wikidoc) | 4096 | 26.77 GB | No | 3-bit, with Act Order and no group size. Lowest possible VRAM requirements. May be lower quality than 3-bit 128g. |

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-provided-files end -->

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-download-from-branches start -->
## How to download, including from branches

### In text-generation-webui

To download from the `main` branch, enter `TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ` in the "Download model" box.

To download from another branch, add `:branchname` to the end of the download name, eg `TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ:gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True`

### From the command line

I recommend using the `huggingface-hub` Python library:

```shell
pip3 install huggingface-hub
```

To download the `main` branch to a folder called `med42-70B-GPTQ`:

```shell
mkdir med42-70B-GPTQ
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ --local-dir med42-70B-GPTQ --local-dir-use-symlinks False
```

To download from a different branch, add the `--revision` parameter:

```shell
mkdir med42-70B-GPTQ
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ --revision gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True --local-dir med42-70B-GPTQ --local-dir-use-symlinks False
```

<details>
  <summary>More advanced huggingface-cli download usage</summary>

If you remove the `--local-dir-use-symlinks False` parameter, the files will instead be stored in the central Hugging Face cache directory (default location on Linux is: `~/.cache/huggingface`), and symlinks will be added to the specified `--local-dir`, pointing to their real location in the cache. This allows for interrupted downloads to be resumed, and allows you to quickly clone the repo to multiple places on disk without triggering a download again. The downside, and the reason why I don't list that as the default option, is that the files are then hidden away in a cache folder and it's harder to know where your disk space is being used, and to clear it up if/when you want to remove a download model.

The cache location can be changed with the `HF_HOME` environment variable, and/or the `--cache-dir` parameter to `huggingface-cli`.

For more documentation on downloading with `huggingface-cli`, please see: [HF -> Hub Python Library -> Download files -> Download from the CLI](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/guides/download#download-from-the-cli).

To accelerate downloads on fast connections (1Gbit/s or higher), install `hf_transfer`:

```shell
pip3 install hf_transfer
```

And set environment variable `HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER` to `1`:

```shell
mkdir med42-70B-GPTQ
HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1 huggingface-cli download TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ --local-dir med42-70B-GPTQ --local-dir-use-symlinks False
```

Windows Command Line users: You can set the environment variable by running `set HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1` before the download command.
</details>

### With `git` (**not** recommended)

To clone a specific branch with `git`, use a command like this:

```shell
git clone --single-branch --branch gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ
```

Note that using Git with HF repos is strongly discouraged. It will be much slower than using `huggingface-hub`, and will use twice as much disk space as it has to store the model files twice (it stores every byte both in the intended target folder, and again in the `.git` folder as a blob.)

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-download-from-branches end -->
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-text-generation-webui start -->
## How to easily download and use this model in [text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui)

Please make sure you're using the latest version of [text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui).

It is strongly recommended to use the text-generation-webui one-click-installers unless you're sure you know how to make a manual install.

1. Click the **Model tab**.
2. Under **Download custom model or LoRA**, enter `TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ`.

    - To download from a specific branch, enter for example `TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ:gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True`
    - see Provided Files above for the list of branches for each option.

3. Click **Download**.
4. The model will start downloading. Once it's finished it will say "Done".
5. In the top left, click the refresh icon next to **Model**.
6. In the **Model** dropdown, choose the model you just downloaded: `med42-70B-GPTQ`
7. The model will automatically load, and is now ready for use!
8. If you want any custom settings, set them and then click **Save settings for this model** followed by **Reload the Model** in the top right.

    - Note that you do not need to and should not set manual GPTQ parameters any more. These are set automatically from the file `quantize_config.json`.

9. Once you're ready, click the **Text Generation** tab and enter a prompt to get started!

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-text-generation-webui end -->

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-use-from-tgi start -->
## Serving this model from Text Generation Inference (TGI)

It's recommended to use TGI version 1.1.0 or later. The official Docker container is: `ghcr.io/huggingface/text-generation-inference:1.1.0`

Example Docker parameters:

```shell
--model-id TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ --port 3000 --quantize gptq --max-input-length 3696 --max-total-tokens 4096 --max-batch-prefill-tokens 4096
```

Example Python code for interfacing with TGI (requires huggingface-hub 0.17.0 or later):

```shell
pip3 install huggingface-hub
```

```python
from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient

endpoint_url = "https://your-endpoint-url-here"

prompt = "Tell me about AI"
prompt_template=f'''<|system|>: You are a helpful medical assistant created by M42 Health in the UAE.
<|prompter|>:{prompt}
<|assistant|>:
'''

client = InferenceClient(endpoint_url)
response = client.text_generation(prompt,
                                  max_new_tokens=128,
                                  do_sample=True,
                                  temperature=0.7,
                                  top_p=0.95,
                                  top_k=40,
                                  repetition_penalty=1.1)

print(f"Model output: {response}")
```
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-use-from-tgi end -->
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-use-from-python start -->
## How to use this GPTQ model from Python code

### Install the necessary packages

Requires: Transformers 4.33.0 or later, Optimum 1.12.0 or later, and AutoGPTQ 0.4.2 or later.

```shell
pip3 install transformers optimum
pip3 install auto-gptq --extra-index-url https://huggingface.github.io/autogptq-index/whl/cu118/  # Use cu117 if on CUDA 11.7
```

If you have problems installing AutoGPTQ using the pre-built wheels, install it from source instead:

```shell
pip3 uninstall -y auto-gptq
git clone https://github.com/PanQiWei/AutoGPTQ
cd AutoGPTQ
git checkout v0.4.2
pip3 install .
```

### You can then use the following code

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, pipeline

model_name_or_path = "TheBloke/med42-70B-GPTQ"
# To use a different branch, change revision
# For example: revision="gptq-4bit-128g-actorder_True"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name_or_path,
                                             device_map="auto",
                                             trust_remote_code=False,
                                             revision="main")

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name_or_path, use_fast=True)

prompt = "Tell me about AI"
prompt_template=f'''<|system|>: You are a helpful medical assistant created by M42 Health in the UAE.
<|prompter|>:{prompt}
<|assistant|>:
'''

print("\n\n*** Generate:")

input_ids = tokenizer(prompt_template, return_tensors='pt').input_ids.cuda()
output = model.generate(inputs=input_ids, temperature=0.7, do_sample=True, top_p=0.95, top_k=40, max_new_tokens=512)
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0]))

# Inference can also be done using transformers' pipeline

print("*** Pipeline:")
pipe = pipeline(
    "text-generation",
    model=model,
    tokenizer=tokenizer,
    max_new_tokens=512,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.95,
    top_k=40,
    repetition_penalty=1.1
)

print(pipe(prompt_template)[0]['generated_text'])
```
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-use-from-python end -->

<!-- README_GPTQ.md-compatibility start -->
## Compatibility

The files provided are tested to work with Transformers. For non-Mistral models, AutoGPTQ can also be used directly.

[ExLlama](https://github.com/turboderp/exllama) is compatible with Llama and Mistral models in 4-bit. Please see the Provided Files table above for per-file compatibility.

For a list of clients/servers, please see "Known compatible clients / servers", above.
<!-- README_GPTQ.md-compatibility end -->

<!-- footer start -->
<!-- 200823 -->
## Discord

For further support, and discussions on these models and AI in general, join us at:

[TheBloke AI's Discord server](https://discord.gg/theblokeai)

## Thanks, and how to contribute

Thanks to the [chirper.ai](https://chirper.ai) team!

Thanks to Clay from [gpus.llm-utils.org](llm-utils)!

I've had a lot of people ask if they can contribute. I enjoy providing models and helping people, and would love to be able to spend even more time doing it, as well as expanding into new projects like fine tuning/training.

If you're able and willing to contribute it will be most gratefully received and will help me to keep providing more models, and to start work on new AI projects.

Donaters will get priority support on any and all AI/LLM/model questions and requests, access to a private Discord room, plus other benefits.

* Patreon: https://patreon.com/TheBlokeAI
* Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/TheBlokeAI

**Special thanks to**: Aemon Algiz.

**Patreon special mentions**: Pierre Kircher, Stanislav Ovsiannikov, Michael Levine, Eugene Pentland, Andrey, 준교 김, Randy H, Fred von Graf, Artur Olbinski, Caitlyn Gatomon, terasurfer, Jeff Scroggin, James Bentley, Vadim, Gabriel Puliatti, Harry Royden McLaughlin, Sean Connelly, Dan Guido, Edmond Seymore, Alicia Loh, subjectnull, AzureBlack, Manuel Alberto Morcote, Thomas Belote, Lone Striker, Chris Smitley, Vitor Caleffi, Johann-Peter Hartmann, Clay Pascal, biorpg, Brandon Frisco, sidney chen, transmissions 11, Pedro Madruga, jinyuan sun, Ajan Kanaga, Emad Mostaque, Trenton Dambrowitz, Jonathan Leane, Iucharbius, usrbinkat, vamX, George Stoitzev, Luke Pendergrass, theTransient, Olakabola, Swaroop Kallakuri, Cap'n Zoog, Brandon Phillips, Michael Dempsey, Nikolai Manek, danny, Matthew Berman, Gabriel Tamborski, alfie_i, Raymond Fosdick, Tom X Nguyen, Raven Klaugh, LangChain4j, Magnesian, Illia Dulskyi, David Ziegler, Mano Prime, Luis Javier Navarrete Lozano, Erik Bjäreholt, 阿明, Nathan Dryer, Alex, Rainer Wilmers, zynix, TL, Joseph William Delisle, John Villwock, Nathan LeClaire, Willem Michiel, Joguhyik, GodLy, OG, Alps Aficionado, Jeffrey Morgan, ReadyPlayerEmma, Tiffany J. Kim, Sebastain Graf, Spencer Kim, Michael Davis, webtim, Talal Aujan, knownsqashed, John Detwiler, Imad Khwaja, Deo Leter, Jerry Meng, Elijah Stavena, Rooh Singh, Pieter, SuperWojo, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Stephen Murray, Ai Maven, ya boyyy, Enrico Ros, Ken Nordquist, Deep Realms, Nicholas, Spiking Neurons AB, Elle, Will Dee, Jack West, RoA, Luke @flexchar, Viktor Bowallius, Derek Yates, Subspace Studios, jjj, Toran Billups, Asp the Wyvern, Fen Risland, Ilya, NimbleBox.ai, Chadd, Nitin Borwankar, Emre, Mandus, Leonard Tan, Kalila, K, Trailburnt, S_X, Cory Kujawski


Thank you to all my generous patrons and donaters!

And thank you again to a16z for their generous grant.

<!-- footer end -->

# Original model card: M42 Health's Med42 70B

# **Med42 - Clinical Large Language Model**
Med42 is an open-access clinical large language model (LLM) developed by M42 to expand access to medical knowledge. Built off LLaMA-2 and comprising 70 billion parameters, this generative AI system provides high-quality answers to medical questions.

## Model Details
*Note: Use of this model is governed by the M42 Health license. In order to download the model weights (and tokenizer), please read the [Med42 License](https://huggingface.co/spaces/m42-health/License) and accept our License by requesting access here.*

Beginning with the base LLaMa-2 model, Med42 was instruction-tuned on a dataset of ~250M tokens compiled from different open-access sources, including medical flashcards, exam questions, and open-domain dialogues.

**Model Developers:** M42 Health AI Team

**Finetuned from model:** Llama-2 - 70B

**Context length:** 4k tokens

**Input:** Text only data

**Output:** Model generates text only

**Status:** This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we enhance model's performance.

**License:** A custom license is available [here](https://huggingface.co/spaces/m42-health/License)

**Research Paper:** TBA

## Intended Use
Med42 is being made available for further testing and assessment as an AI assistant to enhance clinical decision-making and enhance access to an LLM for healthcare use. Potential use cases include:
- Medical question answering
- Patient record summarization
- Aiding medical diagnosis
- General health Q&A

To get the expected features and performance for the model, a specific formatting needs to be followed, including the `<|system|>`, `<|prompter|>` and `<|assistant|>` tags. 

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_name_or_path = "m42-health/med42-70b"

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name_or_path,
                                             device_map="auto")

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name_or_path)

prompt = "What are the symptoms of diabetes ?"
prompt_template=f'''
<|system|>: You are a helpful medical assistant created by M42 Health in the UAE.
<|prompter|>:{prompt}
<|assistant|>:
'''

input_ids = tokenizer(prompt_template, return_tensors='pt').input_ids.cuda()
output = model.generate(inputs=input_ids, temperature=0.7, do_sample=True,eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id, pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id, max_new_tokens=512)
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0]))
```

## Hardware and Software

The training process was performed on the Condor Galaxy 1 (CG-1) supercomputer platform.


## Evaluation Results

Med42 achieves achieves competitive performance on various medical benchmarks, including MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, HeadQA, and Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) clinical topics. For all evaluations reported so far, we use [EleutherAI's evaluation harness library](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness) and report zero-shot accuracies (except otherwise stated). We compare the performance with that reported for other models (ClinicalCamel-70B, GPT-3.5, GPT-4.0, Med-PaLM 2).

|Dataset|Med42|ClinicalCamel-70B|GPT-3.5|GPT-4.0|Med-PaLM-2 (5-shot)*|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|MMLU Clinical Knowledge|74.3|69.8|69.8|86.0|88.3|
|MMLU College Biology|84.0|79.2|72.2|95.1|94.4|
|MMLU College Medicine|68.8|67.0|61.3|76.9|80.9|
|MMLU Medical Genetics|86.0|69.0|70.0|91.0|90.0|
|MMLU Professional Medicine|79.8|71.3|70.2|93.0|95.2|
|MMLU Anatomy|67.4|62.2|56.3|80.0|77.8|
|MedMCQA|60.9|47.0|50.1|69.5|71.3|
|MedQA|61.5|53.4|50.8|78.9|79.7|
|USMLE Self-Assessment|71.7|-|49.1|83.8|-|
|USMLE Sample Exam|72.0|54.3|56.9|84.3|-|

**We note that 0-shot performance is not reported for Med-PaLM 2. Further details can be found at [https://github.com/m42health/med42](https://github.com/m42health/med42)*.


### Key performance metrics:
- Med42 achieves a 72% accuracy on the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) sample exam, surpassing the prior state of the art among openly available medical LLMs.
- 61.5% on MedQA dataset (compared to 50.8% for GPT-3.5)
- Consistently higher performance on MMLU clinical topics compared to GPT-3.5.

## Limitations & Safe Use
- Med42 is not ready for real clinical use. Extensive human evaluation is undergoing as it is required to ensure safety.
- Potential for generating incorrect or harmful information.
- Risk of perpetuating biases in training data.

Use this model responsibly! Do not rely on it for medical usage without rigorous safety testing.

## Accessing Med42 and Reporting Issues

Please report any software "bug" or other problems through one of the following means:

- Reporting issues with the model: [https://github.com/m42health/med42](https://github.com/m42health/med42)
- Reporting risky content generated by the model, bugs and/or any security concerns: [https://forms.office.com/r/YMJu3kcKat](https://forms.office.com/r/YMJu3kcKat)
- M42’s privacy policy available at [https://m42.ae/privacy-policy/](https://m42.ae/privacy-policy/)
- Reporting violations of the Acceptable Use Policy or unlicensed uses of Med42: <med42@m42.ae>