[
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We're here to talk about must be false questions in the logical reasoning section."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"These guys are pretty rare, only about 1% of questions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So on most tests, we don't see any of these."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And when we do see them, typically it would only be one per test."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We want to talk about how to spot one, how we should think about reading it and breaking it down."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"What sort of reasoning structures are likely or unlikely to show up, and what sort of trap answers we might look out for."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Here are a few examples of a must be false questions, then, which of the following must be false key words, too obvious, which cannot be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If the statements above are true, that tells you you're doing some sort of inference question, because they're calling the paragraph statements rather than an argument or reasoning."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And instead of asking us what must be true or what's most supported as a typical inference question would, this actually says which can't be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This one feels a little bit more like logic games, where we are often asked each of the following could be true except, and we know to convert that into four of them could be true, one of them must be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"There's a software version of this that's sort of like the difference between must be true and most supported."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Instead of flat out saying must be false, they'll just say it's the least compatible."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But when Elsaid uses the term incompatible or incoherent, it means contradictory."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So the least compatible means the most contradictory."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Again, this question stem is referring to the paragraph as statements, which tells us we'll be reading facts and information, not an argument."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we're in the inference family, we're not reading arguments."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we're really reading facts and seeing if they have any relation to each other, particularly we look out for conditional and causal relationships."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We look for overlapping ideas."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If something's being brought up more than once, then usually we can derive something by combining the two facts we're given about a certain thing."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we are reading and we see conditional logic wording, we'll definitely start thinking about maybe diagramming some of the conditional logic."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we see comparative or causal wording, which is much less rare here, then we might enter more of that sort of mindset, seeing if there's a causal chain or trying to sort of itemize where are their similarities, where are their differences between these things being compared."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When it comes to step three, anticipating an answer, there are two main directions that you will usually see a correct answer go on a must be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It'll typically either contradict a conditional statement that we were given, or it'll contradict a possible inference that we could have made."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's look at each of those."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So let's say that Solomon is a polite eater."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He only double dips his shrimp when the cocktail sauce is down to its last bits."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And he often uses a wet nap after he's done."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we were being asked which of these must be false, could it be true that using a wet nap is considered impolite?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Kind of tempting."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"I mean, we said Solomon was polite."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We said Solomon uses a wet nap."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So this feels like it's going against that."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's saying using a wet nap impolite."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"However, it never connected politeness to using a wet nap."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Both of those things were mentioned, but it never said, if you're a polite eater, you always use a wet napkin after you're done eating something messy."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So this does not contradict anything."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He says that he always uses a wet nap before he eats."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And we might think, well, we don't know that."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We only heard that he uses it after he's done eating."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"OK, this is wrong."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But is it contradicting anything?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The danger on must be false is that we confuse something that we wouldn't be able to prove with something that is provably false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we don't have any idea."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Maybe he uses a wet nap before he eats and after he eats and throughout, he goes through a lot of wet naps when he sits down to eat shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All of that is compatible with the passage."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"See says that at his birthday party, he took a fresh bowl of cocktail sauce out of the fridge and dipped his shrimp in it twice."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It seems like a relatively innocuous idea."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But wait, we were given a rule that says he only double dips if it's down to the final bits."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And this is a fresh bowl."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So this actually does contradict something we were told."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We were told a conditional, signified by the word only when."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Only and only if and only when always indicate necessary conditions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So this is actually telling us that in order for him to double dip his shrimp, it's a requirement that the cocktail sauce is down to its last bits."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Required things go on the right."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That's called the necessary condition, the required, the necessary thing."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The contrapositive would say, if the sauce isn't down to its last bits, he's not going to double dip his shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But we were just given a counter example."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When you're trying to contradict a conditional, it has nothing to do with negating or controposing."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It just means provide one counter example."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The form of a counter example is always something in which the trigger happens, but the outcome doesn't."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So in this case, he doubled dips, but it was not the case that the sauce was nearly done."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The C would be the correct answer here."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It contradicts a conditional."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"One of the ways in which they make that answer less obvious and less appealing is by putting in extra details like birthday party or his fridge."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we see a conditional in the statements, we should pay a lot of attention to it because it's very likely that a correct answer will do this, say that the trigger happens, but say that the outcome isn't happening."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The other type of correct answer on a must-be-pulse question is an answer that contradicts something that we could have inferred from the statements by pulling two or more facts together."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we look at these statements, Solomon has been trying to cut down on his shrimp eating."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"For the past two weeks, the number of shrimp he's been eating has indeed declined, although the total weight of shrimp he's eating has not."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And every day he writes another blog article about freeing himself from the tyranny of shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If it wasn't already obvious, these are not very realistic L-set paragraphs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So if we're being asked here, which of the following must-be-pulse pause the recording and take a look at these three answers, and then unpause when you want to hear about them."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Welcome back."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Is it possible that no one, including Solomon, reads his blog?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It is."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All we know is that every day he writes another article."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We don't know if he reads that article."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We don't know if anybody else reads that article."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So it is possible that he is just typing these and no one is ever reading."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"A could be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"B says that the shrimp he was eating a month ago are heavier than the shrimp he's eating now."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Well, that actually is contradicting something we know."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"There was a comparative relationship there that the number of shrimp has gone down, but the total weight of shrimp has not gone down."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we think about the math involved, your total weight of shrimp is just how many shrimp you ate times the average weight per shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If I eat 10 shrimp and on average, they each weigh about 20 grams, and I eat 200 grams of shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we find out that he's eating the same total weight or at least as much, even though the number of shrimp has gone down, then the only way to balance out that math is to infer that the average weight per shrimp has gone up."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The possible inference these facts allowed us to make are that for the past two weeks, he's been eating on average heavier shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"B contradicts that idea and says that the shrimp he was eating a month ago are heavier than the shrimp he's eating now."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Now, there are slight technicalities with a month ago in the sense that our paragraph never exactly clarified what Solomon is doing a month ago, but we will take this as a 98% provably false type answer."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"C says that he only writes blog articles about shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Can we infer that?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Heavens no."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We know he writes blog articles about shrimp, but he might write blog articles about other things as well."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"I've heard he has a passion for wet naps."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So C could be true, could be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The important thing is it doesn't contradict anything."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"In order for us to pick C, we would have to be able to tell from this paragraph that he writes blog articles about things other than shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And we haven't heard anything like that so we have no way to contradict it."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So B was our correct answer."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It contradicted a mathematical inference we could pull out of that comparison."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Again, the two patterns for correct answers are that they will contradict a conditional statement that gave us, or it will contradict a possible inference we could have made."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So when you read a must be false paragraph, you should still use your normal inference brain to look for what sort of possible things you could infer by combining two or more ideas."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And remember that must be false doesn't mean which answer is making a bad unsupported inference."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Illegal reversals and illegal negations are illegal inferences, but they're not contradictions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's not about, hey, we didn't talk about that."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Therefore, it must be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Anything out of scope could not possibly be contradicted."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"You can only contradict something that you know about."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But must be false is saying something we do know is wrong."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's take a look at a real example from test 71."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Pause the recording, try this problem on your own for about a minute and a half, and then on pause when you're ready to talk about it."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This is a very atypical phrasing for a must be false type of question."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's talking about violating the principle."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The word principle almost always means a conditional claim on LSAT. So must be false would have us thinking conditional, and principle would also have us thinking conditional."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Sure enough, the word unless is there."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Unless is a very common conditional trigger word, and one of the easiest ways to always know you're setting it up correctly is to learn that unless is the same as if not."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The if part of a rule goes on the left."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And if not is just saying, we'll put the negated version of this on the left."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The idea that comes after unless is that your purpose is acting in the interest of some other person."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Since we are thinking, OK, if not, we're going to say if your purpose is not acting in the interest of another person, then you should not intentionally misrepresent their beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All right, so we have a principle, conditional rule."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We used unless, if not, to make sure we set it up correctly."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Now we have to think, all right, what does it mean to violate a principle?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It means to contradict a conditional."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And the form for that is, I need a counter example where the trigger happens, but the outcome doesn't."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we can anticipate an answer that would sound like the left side happens."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Somebody was not acting in the interest of somebody else."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But the outcome is opposite of what it should be."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This person does intentionally misrepresent the other person's beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If you want, you can pause the recording one more time to double check your answer to see whether it gives you the blue and the red."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's look at choice A."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we're wondering whether or not Ann was acting in the interest of Bruce, that last idea says she was definitely not acting in his interest."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"In fact, she just wanted to make him look ridiculous."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"OK, so we've established the trigger."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Now we want to see Ann does intentionally misrepresent Bruce's beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"She tells someone that Bruce thought that the moon landing was a hoax, even though she knows he doesn't think this."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"OK, well, so then yes, she definitely, intentionally misrepresented Bruce's beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It looks like this is our correct answer, because it triggered the rule, but then gave us the opposite of what the outcome told us we should do."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's check the other answers to feel better about picking a."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"B says that Claude told someone, Felma believes in aliens, even though he knew that wasn't the truth."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But he wanted to keep this other person from bothering her."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So first we wanted to know is Claude acting or not acting in the interest of Felma?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He is acting in her interest."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That last idea is saying he was just trying to keep someone from bothering Felma."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we don't get off the ground on this one."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The other part is right."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"I mean, he does intentionally misrepresent her beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But because he does so for her sake, it isn't covered by this principle."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This principle only covers cases when you aren't acting in the interest of the other person."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We can get rid of B."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we scan C, trying to figure out whether or not one person was acting in the interest of another, we can see that the motivation was he wanted these people to think highly of Maria."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So it sounds like he's acting in Maria's interest."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That means that again, we're not going to get anywhere with this, because we didn't establish that blue, the trigger that says he wasn't acting in their interest and he intentionally misrepresented her beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We also don't really know whether he misrepresented Maria's beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All we know is that Maria didn't want him to say a certain thing."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But it may have been a true belief Maria had."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So it doesn't match the trigger, but it also doesn't clearly match the outcome as well."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When it comes to D, what are the motivations of Harvey?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He said what he said, because he thought she would like him as a result."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So Harvey is saying something not in the interest of somebody else, but in his own selfish interest."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He's not acting in the interest of Josephine."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Does he intentionally misrepresent Josephine's beliefs?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"No, he intentionally misrepresents his beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"He glies about thinking that she'll one day be famous, but that's not covered by the rule."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This rule is saying you shouldn't intentionally misrepresent what other people believe."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It doesn't say whether or not we're allowed to intentionally misrepresent our own beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Get rid of D, because it doesn't match the outcome."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we look at E, and we check on Wanda's motivations, she is just trying to embarrass George."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"She wants people to know that George is a geography fool."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"OK, so we've established the blue."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"She's not acting in the interest of George."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Does she intentionally misrepresent George's beliefs?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We know from this paragraph that Wanda knows that Egypt isn't really in Asia, but we don't know whether or not George genuinely believes that she might be correctly representing George's silly beliefs that Egypt is in Asia."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Since we don't know whether or not George actually believes Egypt is in Asia, we can't tell whether she's misrepresenting his belief or correctly representing it."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Thus, this answer does establish the blue trigger, but it's not clearly delivering that red outcome."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So is our correct answer?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We were trying to violate a principle."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We knew we'd be getting a conditional role, and we know that violating or contradicting a conditional means that you establish the trigger is happening, but then say the outcome isn't."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we picked an answer where somebody was not acting in the interest of someone else, and was just trying to make Bruce look silly."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And she did intentionally misrepresent his beliefs."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"She told people that he thinks the moon landing is a hoax, even though she knows he doesn't actually think that."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Conditional logic is the name of the game and must be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The vast majority of these end up testing conditional logic one way or another."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's take a look at one more example."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Pause the recording."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Give this one a try for about a minute and a half, and then unpause when you're ready to talk about it."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Welcome back."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This question stem gives us the could be true except wording."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we go to this paragraph, do we see any conditional logic this time?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Yes, we actually see quite a bit, only when, until essential if, yes, those are all conditional logic trigger words."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's about 15 or 20 words we should memorize that show up a lot to introduce conditional logic, and we want to memorize for each word whether it introduces a sufficient condition that we would put on the left side of the arrow, whether it introduces a necessary condition that we would put on the right side of the arrow, or whether it's one of those special, if not words like unless, that we saw in the previous problem."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The most common sufficient triggers are things like if, when, where, whenever, wherever, any universal, like all each, any, every."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And the only is a sneaky little counter example, because only an only if, and only when, are the most common necessary trigger words."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"You'll also see words that sound like a guarantee, things that ensure imply guarantee, always lead to something else, introduce a right side idea."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And words that introduce necessity, if we're saying that we require something, we need it, we depend on it, that thing also would go on the right side on the necessary side."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"In fact, it's just really nice to remember that if it's required, it goes on the right."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And then we have these three words, unless, until and without, where the rule that you want to memorize is that you will put whatever idea comes after that word on the left side of the arrow, but a negated version."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So if not, is saying, you treat it like if, in that you put it on the left side, but you need to put the negated version."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So returning to this paragraph, the first one we saw was only when, which is just like only if, it introduces a right side idea, a necessary condition."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So helping students become independent learners has to be on the right side of the arrow."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And that means being an effective teacher goes on the left."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"In our second sentence, we see until, which is an if not."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we need to put on the left side, if teachers do not have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The tricky thing here is that the other idea needs the knot that appeared earlier in the sentence."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We're saying if teachers don't have the power to make decisions in their own classroom, then they cannot enable their students to make their own decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"This was a weird phrasing where I could say, until you clean up your room, you cannot have dessert."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But I also could have said, not until you clean up your room, can you have dessert?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"They would mean the same thing."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The third sentence gives us the word essential, which is a synonym for necessity."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I would ask myself, all right, what's the required thing in this sentence?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If you're telling me that students' capability to make their own decisions is essential, it's required, then I know that idea goes on the right side of the arrow."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I need students are capable of making their own decisions on the right side, becoming an independent learner, then takes the left side."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We can read conditional statements as the left side requires the right side."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I can read this conditional as becoming an independent learner requires that they're able to make their own decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Lastly, the final sentence uses if the classic, the put it on the left side."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So if teachers are effective, then they must have the power to make classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"One bizarre thing about this question stem is that it said we were going to be reading an argument and still being asked what must be false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I wasn't sure if we would have to treat assumptions as though they are true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But before I even get there, I just want to figure out what's going on with all this conditional logic."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we get more than one conditional logic rule, they often link together."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we want to look to see, do they have any repeating ideas?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Well, effective teachers showed up twice, becoming an independent learner showed up twice, having the power to make classroom decisions showed up twice, and being able for students to make their own decisions showed up twice."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Let's pull out that first rule."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If you're an effective teacher, you can help your student become an independent learner."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Can we chain anything onto that?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Sure."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We've a rule that says, if the students are becoming independent learners, then they must be able to make their own decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Can we chain anything onto that?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Well, I see a rule about students making their own decisions, but I would need to contrapose it to chain it on."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I will."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"I'll think, all right."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If students are able to make their own decisions, then the teachers did have power to make classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Those first three ideas chained A to B, B to C, C to D."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So let's synthesize it and make this look a little bit easier."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If you're an effective teacher, can help your student become an independent learner, which means that students able to make his own decisions, which means that you, the teacher, clearly had the power to make classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we look at our conclusion, we realize there's really not a new thought happening there."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That was just a correctly derived conclusion."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Effective teacher implies power to make classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I don't have to worry about whether or not there were assumptions that we should also be treating as true, because this argument was actually a valid argument."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The conclusion just summarizes our conditional chain."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If we're going to find something that must be false, then we have a big old conditional chain, then we should again be reminding ourselves, that's going to sound like you are the trigger, which are not the outcome."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But the question stem was actually even more specific."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It said, what would we know about teachers who have enabled students to make their own decisions?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So that's our third link."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And when that is true, it tells us that fourth idea."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We know that if the students are able to make their own decisions, these teachers apparently have the power to make classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we can infer these teachers definitely have power to make their own classroom decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But we can't go backwards in a conditional chain."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So I have no idea whether they're effective."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"I have no idea whether they are helping their students become independent learners."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When we look at the answers, we can see that D is actually giving us that inference."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That must be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"They definitely have the power to make decisions."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So D is wrong."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We're looking for something that must be false, and D must be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"A, B, and C are dealing with those unknowns."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We don't have the ability to go backwards."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So we have no idea whether or not they're effective."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We have no idea whether or not they're helping their students become independent learners."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"E mean while contradicts the inference we were able to make."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We know they have the power to make decisions in their classroom."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So E is contradicting that."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So no, they don't."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"They don't have the power."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So E is our correct answer."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"D was something that must be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"That actually was the available inference."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"A, B, and C were just toss-ups."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"They could go either way."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We have no idea."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All right."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"So once again, how do we spot must-be-false questions?"},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It might say must-be-false."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It might say cannot be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Could be true except least compatible or violates a principle."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"The most common reasoning structure by far will be conditional logic."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Most correct answers will either contradict a conditional rule or they'll contradict some available inference that we could have made by combining ideas."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"When it comes to trap answers, you could lump them all together and just say, well, they all could be true."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But when we think about how the test writers design them, we could get a little bit more granular."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Some things are unopposed meaning they certainly fit within the information we were given."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If I say that somebody uses a wet nap after they eat shrimp, it's certainly unopposed to say they also use it before they eat the shrimp."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Out of scope is really referring to bringing up brand new things we'd ever talked about."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Bringing up a brand new thing means that there's no possible way we could contradict it because we didn't even get any information about it in the first place."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Supported is more like an answer that is a valid inference or sounds like it pretty reasonably goes along with the paragraph."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"We're looking for something that starkly goes against the paragraph."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Reversal negation refer to ideas that are tempting because we know it's an incorrect manipulation of a conditional logic rule."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's not a valid inference."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"But it's not that's not the same thing as contradicting a rule."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Finally, some answers will be too weak to contradict, which is sort of like saying unopposed that they could still fit within the margins of the facts we were told."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"If I'm told that most clowns are scary and an answer says some clowns are really nice and welcoming, that doesn't contradict."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"It's too weak."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"There's room for some clowns to be nice when I've only said most clowns are scary."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"All right, thanks a lot for learning with us."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"Please check out any of our other videos on YouTube or join us on LSATlab.com."},
{"title":"Must be False","published":"\"2021-07-06 13:00:03 UTC\"","video_id":"_9fM5XUMpYg","text":"And if you're interested in this, please check out some of our other videos.�"}

]