diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,10572 @@ +{ + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "Carolina Panthers", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "California", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "Arabic numerals 50", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "February 7", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "The American Football Conference", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "American Football Conference", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "February 7", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "The American Football Conference", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "California", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "San Francisco", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "an American football game", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "2015 season", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "2016", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "San Francisco", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "Santa Clara, California", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "24\u201310", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "February 7, 2016", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "2016", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "National Football Conference", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "The American Football Conference", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "2015 season", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "The American Football Conference", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "Denver Broncos", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "Cam Newton", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "New England Patriots", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "The Panthers", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "New England Patriots", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "New England Patriots", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "The Panthers", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "15\u20131 record,", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "15\u20131 record,", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP).", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "New England Patriots", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "Cam Newton", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "15\u20131 record,", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "New England Patriots", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "New England Patriots", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "15\u20131 record,", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "The Broncos", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Von Miller", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "seven times", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": ". Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "Denver linebacker", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "seven times", + "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "three turnovers, including a fumble", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": ". Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "Denver linebacker", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "seven times", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": ". Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "5 million", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "Super Bowl 50", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "CBS", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "5 million", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Coldplay", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "5 million", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "5 million", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS", + "56d602631c85041400946eda": "Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "$5 million", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "Coldplay", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Roger Goodell", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "the 50th Super Bowl", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "2012", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "Roger Goodell", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "Roger Goodell", + "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", + "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "the 50th Super Bowl", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "spectacular", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "2012", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Superdome", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "three sites", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "Superdome", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10 times", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "Super Bowl XLIV", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "Super Bowl XLIV", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "Stanford Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "Stanford Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "May 3, 2013", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "Super Bowl XLIV", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "10 times", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "Super Bowl XLIV", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": ". However, on May 3, 2013, the Florida legislature", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "Stanford Stadium", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "The South Florida/Miami area", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "October 16, 2012", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "10 times", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "San Francisco Bay Area", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "Super Bowl XIX", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "the Florida legislature", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": "NFL owners", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "2014", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "2 billion", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "San Diego", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "May 21, 2013", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "2 billion", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "Super Bowl XXXVII", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "San Diego", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2014", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "Super Bowl XXXVII", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2014", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "Super Bowl XXXVII", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "2014", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2014", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "2 billion", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "Super Bowl XXXVII", + "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "Super Bowl XLVIII", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "Super Bowl XXXVIII", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "the Denver Broncos", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "Super Bowl XLVIII", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "Super Bowl XXXVIII", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": ".", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "The Carolina Panthers", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "Carolina Panthers", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "Carolina Panthers", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Ten players", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "2009", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "-", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "a torn ACL", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "14\u20130", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Carolina Panthers", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten players", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "Cam Newton", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "10 interceptions", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "277 yards", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Greg Olsen", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "1,104 yards and seven touchdowns", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "39 receptions for 485 yards", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "3,837 yards", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "989 rushing yards and six touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500 points", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "3,837 yards", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "39 receptions for 485 yards", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "308 points", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "136", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "118", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "5\u00bd sacks, four forced fumbles, and four interceptions", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "24", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Gary Kubiak", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "the Denver Broncos", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Wade Phillips", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "-", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "the Denver Broncos", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "Osweiler", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "Brock Osweiler", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Peyton Manning", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "Osweiler,", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "Osweiler,", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "13\u20137", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Wade Phillips", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "Peyton Manning", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Brock Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Wade Phillips", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "67", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "10 touchdowns and six interceptions", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "Demaryius Thomas", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "863 yards and seven touchdowns", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "10 touchdowns and six interceptions", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "67", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "Demaryius Thomas", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "67", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "10 touchdowns and six interceptions", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "720 yards, five touchdowns", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "67", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "10 touchdowns and six interceptions", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "863 yards and seven touchdowns", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "7 yards per carry average", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "5\u00bd sacks", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "three interceptions", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "7\u00bd sacks", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "(296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "5\u00bd sacks", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "296", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three. Linebacker DeMarcus Ware", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "three interceptions) and Chris Harris, Jr. (two interceptions)", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "Von Miller", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Linebacker DeMarcus Ware", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Seattle Seahawks", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "the Arizona Cardinals", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "487 yards", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "31\u201324", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "31\u201324", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "31\u20130", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "487 yards", + "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "31\u201324", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "31\u201324", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "the Arizona Cardinals", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "487 yards", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11 points", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "20\u201318,", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17 seconds", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "11 points", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17 seconds left on the clock", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "Manning", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11 points", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "New England Patriots", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17 seconds left on the clock", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "a broken arm", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game.", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "three ACL tears", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "a broken arm", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11", + "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "Peyton Manning", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "38", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "Peyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Denver", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "38", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "Peyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": ".", + "56d704430d65d214001982de": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls", + "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "Peyton Manning", + "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "John Elway", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "Newton was picked first in 2011", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "Newton was picked first in 2011", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "Manning was 39, Newton was 26", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "39, Newton was 26", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Manning and Newton", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": ".", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": ".", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "Manning was 39, Newton was 26", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "Super Bowl quarterback", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "the 2011 draft", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Manning and Newton", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "2011", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "Manning was 39, Newton was 26", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "13 years and 48 days", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "XXI and XXIV", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Chicago Bears", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "linebacker", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Rivera", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Broncos", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "linebacker", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Rivera", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Rivera", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "XXI and XXIV", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "Bermuda 419 turf", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "their cleats", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "Justin Tucker", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "Bermuda 419 turf", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "AFC and NFC teams", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "34\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": ". Elway stated, \"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\" The Broncos", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "white jerseys with matching white pants", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "34\u201319", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": ".", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "white jerseys with matching white pants", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "white jerseys with matching white pants", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "the Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "white jerseys with matching white pants", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "white jerseys with matching white pants", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "black jerseys with silver pants", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "San Jose Marriott", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "San Jose Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Super Bowl LI", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Super Bowl LI", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "Super Bowl LI", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl LI", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Arabic numerals", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "\"", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Roman numerals", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Arabic numerals", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Roman numerals", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Arabic numerals", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "Gold", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "7", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "Gold", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Golden Super Bowl", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50", + "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "Gold", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "San Francisco", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "More than 1 million people", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "Ed Lee", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "The annual NFL Experience", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "The annual NFL Experience", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "More than 1 million people", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "5 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "The annual NFL Experience", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "Santa Clara University", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "2 million", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "a week", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "2 million", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "a pep rally", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "Santa Clara University", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Santa Clara University", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "A professional fundraiser", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": ". Additional funding will be provided by the city council", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "$2 million", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "A professional fundraiser", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "February 1", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "February 1, 2016", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Dignity Health", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Chevron", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Business Connect, the Super Bowl", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "40 million", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the 50 fund", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25 percent", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": ". The committee created the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative and focuses on providing grants to aid with youth development, community investment and sustainable environments", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "the most giving Super Bowl ever", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25 percent", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "50 fund", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince Lombardi", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "66 lb (30 kg", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "gold", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "CBS", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Phil Simms", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "36 cameras along the upper deck", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5K resolution", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "EyeVision 360", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K resolution", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "EyeVision 360\u2014", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "CBS", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "In the United States", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "CBS", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K resolution", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "EyeVision 360\u2014", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "CBS and the NFL", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "December 28, 2015", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "-", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "CBS and the NFL", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "-", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "CBS and the NFL", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre,", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile service", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBSSports", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "Xbox One", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "Windows 10", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBSSports", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "Verizon Wireless customers", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "Verizon Wireless", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL Mobile service", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "digital streams", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "Verizon Wireless", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "$5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "the 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game and media franchise", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "5,000,000", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "$5,000,000", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Crash the Super Bowl", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "$5,000,000", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Crash the Super Bowl", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "$5,000,000", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Crash the Super Bowl", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "QuickBooks", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "Death Wish Coffee beat out nine other contenders from across the United States for the free advertisement.", + "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "QuickBooks", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "The Secret Life of Pets", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "Eddie the Eagle", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Apocalypse, Independence Day", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "The Secret Life of Pets", + "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "the debut trailer for Jason Bourne", + "56d723560d65d214001983af": "The Secret Life of Pets", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Deadpool", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Boomer Esiason", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "James Lofton", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Westwood One", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esia", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "North America", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KRFX", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "KOA and WBT", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "Chester, South Carolina", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "KOA and WBT", + "56d724620d65d214001983be": "KOA and WBT", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Ed McCaffrey", + "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "WBT (1110 AM", + "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "KOA and WBT", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "KOA and WBT", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "KOA and WBT", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Chuck Howley", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "Peyton Manning", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Harvey Martin", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Peyton Manning", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "the national anthem", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Academy Award", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "American Sign Language", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign Language", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Lady Gaga", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "December 3", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", + "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Beyonc\u00e9, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\"", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Ronnie Hillman", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "Brandon McManus", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell.", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "20 yards", + "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "Shaq Thompson", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Brandon McManus", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "Denver", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Denver", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "Peyton Manning", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "3\u20130", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "Denver took the opening kickoff", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Cam Newton", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "Von Miller", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Malik Jackson", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": ". This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "Cam Newton", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "Von Miller", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Malik Jackson", + "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "Super Bowl XXVIII", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "Mike Carey", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "Von Miller", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Malik Jackson", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "Super Bowl XXVIII", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "Brad Nortman", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "51 yards", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "33", + "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51 yards", + "56d729180d65d21400198427": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d729180d65d21400198428": "10\u20137", + "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Jordan Norwood", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u20137", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "13\u20137", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "linebacker", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony Ealy", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "Mike Tolbert", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Kony Ealy", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Danny Trevathan", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "defensive end Kony Ealy", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Ted Ginn Jr", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "Graham Gano", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "44", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "McManus", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "the uprights", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "35", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Carolina", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "16\u201310", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Stewart", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "16\u201310", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Carolina", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punts", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "16\u201310", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "16\u201310", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "The next three drives of the game", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "-point conversion, giving Denver a 24\u201310", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Newton,", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "Miller", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Miller stripped the ball away from Newton,", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", + "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton,", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Newton did not", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "Josh Norman", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "51 left in regulation", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "51 left in regulation", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "-", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Bennie Fowler", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "all four of his field goals,", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "Thomas Davis", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "265 yards, with one interception", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "one interception and zero touchdowns", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "one interception and zero touchdowns", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Manning", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Thomas Davis", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "Anderson", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "-", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "265 yards, with one interception", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "Defensive End Charles Johnson had four total tackles, a sack, and a forced fumble", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "194 yards and 11 first downs", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21 to 11", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "Manning and Newton", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "194 yards and 11 first downs", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21 to 11", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "Kony Ealy", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "The Broncos", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21 to 11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21 to 11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "194 yards and 11 first downs", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "Kony Ealy", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": ". Only seven other teams had ever gained less than 200 yards in a Super Bowl, and all of them had lost. The Broncos", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "the Nobel Prize", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": ". Though Chopin was born in the village of \u017belazowa Wola", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "\u017belazowa Wola", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "peacocks and pheasants", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "The Monument of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden,", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "The Wilan\u00f3w Palace Park", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "There are 13 natural reserves", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "There are 13 natural reserves in Warsaw \u2013 among others, Bielany Forest, Kabaty Woods, Czerniak\u00f3w Lake", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "There are lot of small lakes in the parks, but only a few are permanent \u2013 the majority are emptied before winter to clean them of plants and sediments", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34% percent)", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "219,000", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "a significant Jewish minority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000 professors", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million items", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "Marek Budzy\u0144ski", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "10,000 m2", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": "Like many cities in Central and Eastern Europe", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": ". In particular, the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities have improved markedly.", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": "Like many cities in Central and Eastern Europe", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care facilities", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": "CMHI", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Curie Institute of Oncology", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700 beds", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": "The infrastructure has developed a lot", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": ", the Polish National Opera", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": ".", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Several commemorative events take place every year", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": ", and to whom", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "the fern flower", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60 museums", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "the best collections of paintings in the country", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "e", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "the history of arms", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60 rooms", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500 projects a year", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle currently houses Centre for Contemporary Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "Since 2011 Warsaw Gallery Weekend is held on last weekend of September", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000. They also won the country\u2019s championship in 1946", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "They also won the country\u2019s championship in 1946, and won the cup twice", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "They are now playing in the 4th league", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "Denmark", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Maria G\u00f3rska in Warsaw", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Tadeusz \u0141empicki", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "the Israeli poet,", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Vilnius", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "and devastating Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944. Warsaw gained the title of the \"Phoenix City\" because it has survived many wars,", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "the Castle Square with the Royal Castle", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "parks and royal gardens", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa,", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "The Capital City of Warsaw", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": "Warcis\u0142aw", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": "The Capital City of Warsaw", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": "Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": "Warszowa", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": "In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": "the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", + "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796", + "57332a734776f41900660727": "the Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon", + "57332a734776f41900660729": "The Royal University of Warsaw", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw.", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "Battle of Warsaw", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Germany", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "Central Poland, including Warsaw, came under the rule of the General Government, a German Nazi colonial administration", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": ". All higher education institutions were immediately closed and Warsaw's entire Jewish population \u2013 several hundred thousand", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "a month", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": ", the Red Army", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000 and 200,000", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated housing projects", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "World Heritage list", + "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", + "573330444776f41900660759": "Let Thy Spirit descend and renew the face of the land", + "573330444776f4190066075a": "Let Thy Spirit descend and renew the face of the land", + "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", + "573330444776f4190066075c": "Let Thy Spirit descend and renew the face of the land", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300 km", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325 mi", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "330 ft", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "at the right bank of the Vistula", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "and the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": ")", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "The plain moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "a few natural and artificial ponds", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old \u2013 riverbed. They consist of still quite natural streams and lakes", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "The plain moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", + "573361404776f4190066093e": "Gothic architecture", + "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance architecture", + "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace", + "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois architecture", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism style", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": ")", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": ". The Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument by Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", + "573368044776f41900660a29": "Other green spaces in the city", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": ", Park Ujazdowski", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": "In 1927", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": "The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Warsaw", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two botanic gardens", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": ". It also bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles that Varsovians thought of themselves as better only because they lived in the capital", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration limitations", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": ".", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "711,988 inhabitants", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "189 Protestants", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": ". For example, the district Wola has its own evidence and the district Ursyn\u00f3w \u2013 its own", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60 members", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30 days", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "The mayor of Warsaw", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": ". Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": ",", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": "the 7th greatest emerging market", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "PLN 94 000", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "766 billion PLN", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "the Chevrolet Aveo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "The FSO Car Factory", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa [var\u02c8\u0282ava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", + "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "the Vistula", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "666 million residents", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "the capital and largest city of Poland", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "the Vistula", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "666 million residents", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "the capital and largest city of Poland", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Iceland and Norway", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo,", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "of Normandy", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Norse religion and Old Norse language", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "the north of France", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "In 999", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "in 1047", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "the Saracens", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Kitab Rudjdjar", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "a meritocratic bureaucracy", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Seljuk Turks", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "One of the first Norman mercenaries to serve as a Byzantine general was Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "In the 1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel\u2014", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Sassoun and Taron", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Several families of Byzantine Greece", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "1082,", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": ", Valona, and Butrint", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": ", disease and Byzantine resistance forced Bohemond to retreat from his campaign and sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "the river Deabolis", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium\u2014", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "-", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "King Ethelred II of England", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "King Ethelred II of England", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy in 1013", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "In 1066", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Modern English", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Ireland", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Edgar Atheling", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III of Scotland", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Edgar Atheling,", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans and Norman culture", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "Wales", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "Wales", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": ".", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "April 1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver chains", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", + "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart", + "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": "a double coronation", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "It was only in 1489", + "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Knights Templar", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Maciot de Bethencourt", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "customary law of Normandy", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "Tr\u00e8s ancien coutumier", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque idiom", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic. In southern Italy", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "in the early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the Normans", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "and French Revolution in the 18th", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "a work of embroidery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "capitals and baptismal fonts", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "Italy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "a tradition of singing", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "10 July 1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Serbian American", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": ") was a Serbian American", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "alternating current", + "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "Thomas Edison", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "telephony and electrical engineering", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "alternating current", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "telephony and electrical engineering", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "telephony and electrical engineering", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "AC induction motor and transformer", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "and electricity distribution", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": ".", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "wireless lighting and electricity distribution", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "Colorado Springs", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "a wireless controlled boat", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "7 January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "the SI unit of magnetic flux density", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "New York", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "7 January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "the SI unit of magnetic flux density", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "his achievements and showmanship", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Croatia", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "a Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "eidetic memory", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "eidetic memory and creative abilities", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "Dane and three sisters", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "German, arithmetic, and religion", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Angelina and Marica", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Nikola was five", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Gosp", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "a pastor", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "cheating", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "1873", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "In 1870", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "the best engineering school", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "the priesthood", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "the priesthood", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "the best engineering school", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "Gra\u010dac", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "Gra\u010dac", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": ". There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "Gra\u010dac", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "Gra\u010dac", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "Gra\u010dac", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": ". At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "He never graduated from the university and did not receive grades", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "In 1875", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": ". At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": ". At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "), where he worked as a draftsman", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school.", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "a draftsman", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": ". In March 1879, Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "a nervous breakdown", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "In December 1878", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "), where he worked as a draftsman for 60 florins a month.", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "He spent his spare time playing cards", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "17 April 1879, Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "a stroke", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "specified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke). During that year, Tesla taught a large class of students", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "a stroke", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Prague", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Greek, a required subject", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "Greek, a required subject", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "Prague", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "Prague", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "1880", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "Greek, a required subject", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "Gospi\u0107", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": ", the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "chief electrician", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "a telephone repeater or amplifier", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "chief electrician", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "New York City", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "New York City", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "New York City", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "$10 a week raise", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "$10 a week raise", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary; Tesla refused the offer and immediately resigned.", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary; Tesla refused the offer and immediately resigned.", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "$10 a week raise", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "an electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "an electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "an electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "electric lighting", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "1886", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Tesla Electric Light", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "an electric lighting company", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": ". The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "1887", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "a ditch digger", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "He had to work at various electrical repair jobs", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "a Western Union superintendent", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "1887", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "Tesla, \u2153 to Peck and Brown, and \u2153", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "a Western Union superintendent", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": ". Together in April 1887 they formed the Tesla Electric Company", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "Peck and Brown", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "an induction motor", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "a commutator", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "an induction motor", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "1887", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "an induction motor", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "a commutator", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "Electrical World magazine", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "In 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": ")", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "and", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": ")", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "1888", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "$60,000 in cash and stock", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "George Westinghouse", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "$2,000", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "$60,000 in cash and stock", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "In July 1888", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "2,000", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "Pittsburgh", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "an alternating current system", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "a DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "an alternating current system", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "a DC traction motor", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "AC development", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "induction motor", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Thomas Edison", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "\" side of the so-called \"War of Currents", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "\" side of the so-called \"War of Currents,\" an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "Chicago", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "General Electric", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": ". At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the \"Tesla Polyphase System", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": ". At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the \"Tesla Polyphase System", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "George Westinghouse", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "Chicago", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "AC power", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "descent bulbs using two-phase alternating current.", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "General Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "-", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "In 1893", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "-", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "to transmit power generated at the falls", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "1896", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "216,000", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "$2.50 per AC horsepower royalty", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "$216,000", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "Morgan", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "200,000", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "$216,000", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "electric lamps", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "the Tesla coil", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "1891", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "the Tesla coil", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "wireless power transmission", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "a vice president", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Institute of Radio Engineers", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "Starting in 1894, Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "the metal locking screw on the camera lens", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "?", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "Roentgen rays", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": ". The only thing captured in the image was the metal locking screw on the camera lens", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Mark Twain", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "1896", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "1896", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "skin damage", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "Roentgen rays", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "-free magnetic fields", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "Roentgen rays", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": ". He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "Roentgen rays", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Westinghouse engineer Benjamin Lamme", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "1893", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "the Egg of Columbus", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": ". \"Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": ". \"Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "The particles in the beam of force", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "Franklin Institute", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla Coil", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Franklin Institute", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "In 1898", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "\u2014", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "a trained monkey", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "In 1900", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Guglielmo Marconi", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "1901", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "In 1943", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "Supreme Court of the United States", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "17 May 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Paris", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "15 June 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five inches long", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary waves", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "Thunder", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "135 feet long", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "He produced artificial lightning", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "He produced artificial lightning", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "artificial lightning", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "While experimenting, Tesla inadvertently faulted a power station generator, causing a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": ".", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": ", Tesla inadvertently faulted a power station generator, causing a power outage", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "communications from another planet", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": ". He mentioned them in a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "communications from another planet", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "...\". Reporters treated it as a sensational story and jumped to the conclusion Tesla was hearing signals from Mars", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "100,000", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Colorado Springs experiments", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "John Jacob Astor IV", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "On 7 January 1900", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "Wardenclyffe", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Shoreham, Long Island", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan to ask for more funds", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Morgan to ask for more funds", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "Morgan still owed Tesla money", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "S from England to Newfoundland, terminating Tesla's relationship with Morgan.", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "improper synthesis", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "improper synthesis", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "187 feet", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "200 horsepower", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "16,000 rpm", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "On his 50th birthday in 1906", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Houston Street lab", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "World Today", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "mechanical oscillator", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "the application of electricity to the brain", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "the application of electricity to the brain", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "the application of electricity to the brain", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": ". After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "$20,000 (", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "20,000", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "the Edison Medal", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "Electrical Experimenter", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "a fluorescent screen", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "\" with the signal being viewed on a fluorescent screen (a system that has been noted to have a superficial resemblance to modern radar", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "\u00c9mile Girardeau", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "\"; a recipient could only decline a Nobel Prize after he is announced a winner", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "a wealthy Edison refused it", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Tesla nor Edison", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "1,655,114", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "VTOL aircraft", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "$1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "turbine engines", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "rent at the Hotel New Yorker", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "with minimal loss", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "mechanical energy with minimal loss", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": ")", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "a doctor", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "Tesla refused to consult a doctor", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "In early 1938", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "Tesla refused to consult a doctor", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "Van de Graaff generator", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "\" or death ray. Tesla described the weapon as capable of being used against ground-based infantry", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "1937", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "tungsten", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "Only a little time will pass", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "charged particle beam weapons", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions of volts", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "War", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "the blueprint for the teleforce weapon", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "His room", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "the blueprint for the teleforce weapon", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "Alice Monaghan", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "a death mask", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "John G", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": ".T. and a well-", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "12 January", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "two thousand", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "Cathedral of Saint John the Divine", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": ". In 1957, Kosanovi\u0107's secretary Charlotte Muzar transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "Charlotte Muzar", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "the United States to Belgrade", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "300 patents", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "300 patents worldwide", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": ".:62 Many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "or later, with dinner", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "every day", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "00 p.m. or later, with dinner", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "the headwaiter", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "He squished his toes", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "He squished his toes", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": ". He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "In an interview with newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "?\" In the same interview, Tesla said that he believed that all fundamental laws could be reduced to one", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "pigeons", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "$2,000", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": ". He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "the park", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "142 pounds", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6 feet 2 inches", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "142 pounds", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "New York City", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "He was a polyglot, speaking eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "a photographic memory", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "photographic memory", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "a photographic memory", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "a photographic memory", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "48 hours", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84 hours", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "Tesla rarely slept", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "Tesla never married", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "Tesla never married", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "Tesla never married", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "Tesla was asocial", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "asocial", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "Tesla was asocial", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Mark Twain", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "In middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain; they spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "In middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "a secretary", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people, such as when he fired a secretary because of her weight", + "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "Tesla could be harsh", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "\" that transmitted electrical energy.", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": ").:249 Tesla believed that atoms are immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "Tesla believed that atoms are immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "the 19th century", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Einstein's theory of relativity", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "Tesla was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "theory of relativity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "dynamic theory of gravity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved space", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "eugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "eugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "pity", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937 interview", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "1926", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "World War I", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Buddhism and Christianity", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "religious fanaticism", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Buddhism and Christianity", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "A Machine to End War", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "However, his religious views remain uncertain", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "War", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "a number of books and articles for magazines and journals", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by Ben Johnston", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Ben Johnston", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "the web", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Inventions", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": ", live theater, comics and video games", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time magazine", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "Time magazine", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "electrical power generation", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "A computational problem", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": ") and the number of processors (used in parallel computing)", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "computational complexity theory", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "time and storage", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance,", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "A computational problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "A computational problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "a problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "the solution is the output corresponding to the given input", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000 kilometres", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "the decision version of the traveling salesman problem", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": ". For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "a string over an alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "a string over an alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "their adjacency lists in binary", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes or no,", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes or no,", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "The input is an arbitrary graph", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language associated with this decision problem is then the set of all connected graphs", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "whether the given graph is connected, or not", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "a computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "a single output (of a total function", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "A function problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "A function problem", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "the notion of decision problems. However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": ".", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the input in bits. Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with an increase in the input size.", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "a feasible amount of resources", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "a function of n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "If the input size is n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": ") is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n.", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "A Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "a general computing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "the most basic Turing machine, which uses a fixed set of rules", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "A probabilistic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "A deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "A probabilistic Turing machine", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "time or space", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "time and memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": ". The time and memory consumption of these alternate models may vary. What all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": ".", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": ".", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": ".", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "time", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "The time required by a deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "time and space", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "\"", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time and space", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "a computational resource", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "a computational resource", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "time and space", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": ". Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity.", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "decision tree complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average case complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "The best, worst and average case complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "The best, worst and average case complexity", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "(n2", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "(n2", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "the field of analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "upper and lower bounds", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "the computation time", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms that solve a given problem", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "Upper and lower bounds", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "Upper and lower bounds", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complexity classes", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": ". Thus, a typical complexity class has a definition", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "linear time on a multi-tape Turing machine, but necessarily requires quadratic time", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time. The corresponding set of function problems is FP.", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "polynomially related", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "P", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "Many important complexity classes can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes of decision problems", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "Other important complexity classes include BPP, ZPP and RP", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "P", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive proof systems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "time and space requirements", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a bigger set of problems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "the time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "L is strictly contained in PSPACE", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "A reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "X reduces to Y", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "a transformation of one problem into another problem.", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial time", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": ". This means an algorithm for multiplying two integers", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": ". This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "polynomial time", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "the problem of multiplying two integers", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "a class of problems C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "A problem X is hard for a class of problems C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "C and hard for C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "C and hard for C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "X is in C and hard for C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "C and hard for C", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "The complexity class P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "The complexity class P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": ".", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "P equals NP", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "The question of whether P equals NP", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "1,000,000 prize", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner that if P \u2260 NP", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "P \u2260 NP", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "P", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "its second level", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "the RSA algorithm", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "the general number field sieve", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "P and PSPACE,", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": ")", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": ")", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "is not equal to NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": ") is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "Problems that can be solved in theory", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": ".", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "quadratic time", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "a computer", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": ". Also, in 1965 Edmonds defined a \"good\" algorithm as one with running time bounded by a polynomial of the input size", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "input encoding", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21 diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems, each infamous for its computational intractability, are NP-complete.", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "the curriculum", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "university or college", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "a lesson plan", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "a school or other place of formal education", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "cultures", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "literacy and numeracy", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "instruction in literacy and numeracy", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "literacy and numeracy", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "a teacher", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "Informal learning", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "formal education", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "a transient or ongoing role", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "Informal learning", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "Religious and spiritual teachers", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "Religious and spiritual teachers", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered or CPA", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "paid professionals", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "school functions", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "teaching", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "A teacher", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": ". Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "the public interest", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": ".", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": ".", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "professional misconduct", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": ".", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "the State Board of Education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "the State Board of Education", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "outdoors", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "In education, teachers facilitate student learning", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "an informal or formal approach to learning", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "an informal or formal approach to learning", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "The objective", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "The increasing use of technology", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "The objective", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": ". The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": ". The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "A teacher may follow standardized curricula", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "Teaching using pedagogy", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "study and problem solving", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "Teaching using pedagogy", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "Teaching using pedagogy", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "Teaching using pedagogy", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "the whole curriculum", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": ". The relationship between children and their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "primary school and secondary school", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": ". The relationship between children and their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "alternative approaches for primary education", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": ". One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system, involves placing a group of students together in one class", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "a group of students together in one class", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "knowledgeable in that one area than a teacher who teaches many subjects", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "United States", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "to", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two or more teachers", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "social networking support", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential. Co-teachers work in sync with one another to create a climate of learning", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking support", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "school discipline", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "Throughout the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "spanking or paddling", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "spanking or paddling", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "the US Constitution", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30 US states have banned corporal punishment", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "Private schools", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "30 US states have banned corporal punishment", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "a specially made wooden paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "Private schools", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "caning", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "African and Caribbean countries", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "School corporal punishment", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "detention", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "detention", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "at a given time in the school day", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": ", write lines or a punishment essay, or sit quietly", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": ", write lines or a punishment essay", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "an assertive teacher", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "immediate and fair punishment", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "clear boundaries", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "Positive reinforcement", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "Positive reinforcement", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "teachers and parents", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": ". This viewpoint is supported by the educational attainment of countries\u2014in East Asia for instance\u2014that combine strict discipline with high standards of education", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "weakness in school discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "strict discipline", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": ".", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": ". In response, teachers may concentrate their attention on motivated students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": ". In response, teachers may concentrate their attention on motivated students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": ".", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "dictatorial authority", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "persuasion and negotiation", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "law and order", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": ". They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order is easier and more efficient than anywhere else. Primarily because rules and regulations", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": ". Recent research has found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material outside of the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": ". Recent research has found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "Students may become more intrinsically motivated", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "enthusiasm and energy of the teacher", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "enthusiasm and energy", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "Teacher enthusiasm", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "attitudes towards school", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "personal and academic success", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "personal and academic success", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "personal and academic success", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "student motivation and attitudes towards school", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "friendly and supportive", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "interacting and working directly with students", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "friendly and supportive", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "enthusiasm about the subject matter", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "and enthusiasm about the subject matter", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "a spark of excitement in the student", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": ". The three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm are enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm about the students, and enthusiasm about the subject matter", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "and enthusiasm about the subject matter", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "an adult associated with education; be they a volunteer, bus driver, teacher, administrator or other adult", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "United States", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "Misconduct by teachers, especially sexual misconduct", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "American Association of University Women", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "A study in England", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "\" and that the questions referred to \"sexual abuse with a professional,\" not necessarily a teacher", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "2,869 young people", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "\" and that the questions referred to \"sexual abuse with a professional,\" not necessarily a teacher", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "In the United States", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "teacher misconduct", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "a shortage of male teachers", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "the sex offenders register", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "occupational stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "Teachers face several occupational hazards", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational burnout", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "occupational stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": ".", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "UK teachers experienced occupational stress", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": ". A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "There are several ways to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": ". Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "occupational stress", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational interventions", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "university or college", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "certification by a recognized body", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education certificate", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "a background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": ". In addition to certification, many educational institutions especially within the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "states and territories", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": ") and tertiary education", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "tertiary education", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "universities and/or TAFE colleges", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "primary education", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "Bachelor of Education", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Bachelor of Education", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "businesses and sponsors", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "civil servants recruited in special university classes", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "civil servants recruited in special university classes", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "Bundesbesoldungsordnung", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Gymnasium", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "experience and qualifications", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27,814", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "The basic pay", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "The basic pay for a starting teacher", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Oireachtas funds", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "From 2006 Garda vetting", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "\". Existing staff", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "Garda vetting", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": ".", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a341,004", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "experience and extra responsibilities", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a320,980", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": ", complete an approved teacher education program, and be licensed", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "Many counties offer alternative licensing programs", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "Excellent job opportunities", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "by geographic area and subject taught", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent job opportunities", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "secondary school teachers", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "General Teaching Council for Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching in Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "seven Scottish Universities", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "Provisional Registration\" is given by the GTCS which is raised to \"Full Registration", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "a year", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "Chartered Teacher Status", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "Educational Institute of Scotland", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Education in Wales", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "the medium of Welsh", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "16", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction", + "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "ATL, NUT or NASUWT", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "with teachers being younger than in previous years", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005 and 2010", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "Teachers in Wales", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "the average age of teachers in Wales", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "each state determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "a license to teach in public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "Many charter schools do not require that their teachers be certified, provided they meet the standards to be highly qualified as set by No Child Left Behind.", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "The median salary", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "the average teacher salary was $51,009.", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "income depending on experience", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "39,259", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "TeachersPayTeachers", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "Orthodox Catholic and Protestant traditions;", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "a Confessor", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "the Roman and Orthodox Catholic Churches", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "-", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "a trusted friend", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": ", the teacher", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "the husband and father of a family", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "the father of the house", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "a guru", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "extremely high", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "In Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "A Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "Tulku", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "phowa and siddhi", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "phowa and siddhi", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "teachers in Islam", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "teachers in Islam", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "Sufism", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": ". In the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition of Sufism, the position of spiritual teacher", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "Qutb", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "a German professor of theology", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "18 February 1546", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": ". He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God'", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Martin Luther", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "Luther taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "a holy priesthood", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "the Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "a standard version of the German language", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "a standard version of the German language", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": ". His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "clerical marriage", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Eisleben", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Holy Roman Empire", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "a Catholic", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "a lawyer", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "a beerhouse and whorehouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "four every morning", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "a beerhouse and whorehouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1505", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "law school", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "uncertainty", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": ". For Luther, reason could be used to question men and institutions, but not God", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "death and divine judgment", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "2 July 1505", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "Erfurt", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "the deaths of two friends", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "education", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "the Augustinian order", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "Christ the Savior and Comforter", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "Christ the Savior and Comforter", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "a change of heart", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "In 1507", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "von Staupitz", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "In 1507", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Biblical studies", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "On 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor of Theology", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "Doctor in Bible", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "Doctor of Theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "In 1516", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": ". The benefits of good works could be obtained by donating money to the church", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "charity and good works", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "charity and good works", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "On 31 October 1517", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "a scholarly objection to church practices, and the tone of the writing is accordingly \"searching, rather than doctrinaire.", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "Thesis 86", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "As soon as the coin in the coffer", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "God", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "forgiveness", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "all punishments", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "indulgences", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "Christ", + "56f8046faef2371900625d71": ".", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "indulgences for the dead", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": ". Yet if Tetzel overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "the story of the posting on the door", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "the posting on the door", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Wittenberg", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": ".", + "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "the printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "friends of Luther", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "Within two weeks", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": ". Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "On the Freedom of a Christian", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": ". The most important for Luther was the doctrine of justification", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": ". As he studied these portions of the Bible, he came to view the use of terms such as penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": ". The most important for Luther was the doctrine of justification", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "the work of God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "the work of God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "Faith,", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Christ and His salvation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Christ and His salvation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "His railing against the sale of indulgences", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "Christ and His salvation", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Rome", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "a papal dispensation", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "one half", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "December 1517", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": ".\" Over the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "1518", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "The prophecies concerning the Antichrist", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "\" Over the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "In January 1519,", + "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "remain silent", + "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "The theologian Johann Eck,", + "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "neither popes nor church councils were infallible", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "Jan Hus", + "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "15 June 1520, the Pope warned Luther with the papal bull (edict) Exsurge Domine", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "Exsurge Domine", + "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "60 days", + "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz", + "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521, in the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "Diet of Worms", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Emperor Charles V", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "whether he stood by their contents", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "He prayed", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "he was their author", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "Luther raised his arm", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "Luther refused to recant his writings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "Luther refused to recant his writings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "Luther refused to recant his writings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "Luther refused to recant his writings", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "Edict of Worms", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25 May 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "The Emperor", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "Wartburg Castle at Eisenach", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Wartburg Castle at Eisenach", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "the New Testament from Greek into German", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "\", Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German and poured out doctrinal and polemical writings.", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong, but let your trust in Christ", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "trust in Christ", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong, but let your trust in Christ", + "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "In the summer of 1521", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "On the Abrogation of the Private Mass", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "a gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "private confession and absolution", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "The Judgement of Martin Luther on Monastic Vows", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "In 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "In 1521", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "the prophecy of the Little Horn", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "the prophecy of the Little Horn", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "The antichrist of 2 Thessalonians 2", + "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "June 1521", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "a revolt by the Augustinian friars", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "When the town council", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "but only by my personal presence and living word", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9 March, Luther preached eight sermons,", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "Luther secretly returned to Wittenberg on 6 March 1522", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Jerome Schurf", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "After the sixth sermon", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "misguided people", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "the Zwickau prophets", + "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "social unrest and violence", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Zwickau prophet", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "War of 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "\u201325", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "an attack on the upper classes", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "the Church and the hierarchy", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "the temporal authorities", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "Thuringia", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": ". In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "Luther sympathised with some of the peasants", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "the nobles", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "three grounds", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "Luther justified his opposition to the rebels on three grounds. First, in choosing violence over lawful submission to the secular government", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "\"; St. Paul had written in his epistle to the Romans 13:1\u20137 that all authorities are appointed by God", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "death in body and soul", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "the Reformation", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "the secular powers", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Katharina von Bora", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26 years old and Luther was 41 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "On 13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "the wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "27 June", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "clerical marriage", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "The Black Cloister", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "The Black Cloister,", + "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "six children", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "the riches of Croesus", + "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "farming the land", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "a supervisory church body", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "a new form of worship service,", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "a theology of the cross", + "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "To avoid confusing or upsetting the people", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "the Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "He concentrated on the church in the Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "a church government under the temporal sovereign", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "In response to demands for a German liturgy, Luther wrote a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "the Latin Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "the simple people", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "\"; and the Mass became a celebration where everyone received the wine as well as the bread. He retained the elevation of the host and chalice", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "freedom of ceremony", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "Luther and his colleagues introduced the new order of worship", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "Christian education", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "Christian doctrine", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "pastoral care and Christian education", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "-", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "In 1529", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "pastors and teachers", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations.", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "questions and answers", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "The Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "The Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": "Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": "the Larger Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": "German vernacular", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": "or the Holy Spirit", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Salvation originates with the Father", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522,", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "German translation of the New Testament", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "Faith alone", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith alone justifies us, and not works", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "the Bible accessible to everyday Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": ", direct language", + "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "the German language and literature", + "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "The Luther Bible", + "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "the evolution of the German language and literature", + "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", + "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "the King James Bible", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": "a prolific hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626072": "high art and folk music", + "56f87000aef2371900626073": "German hymns", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": "a lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626075": "the waldzither", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "the unfolding Reformation", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "for Lutheran views", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an", + "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "Flung to the Heedless Winds", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524 creedal hymn", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": "the Small Catechism", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": "Wir glauben all an einen Gott", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": "Wir glauben all an einen Gott", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": "Wir glauben all an einen Gott", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, \"Vater unser im Himmelreich", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "Vater unser im Himmelreich", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "catechism questions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "an appropriately prayerful tune", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "an appropriately prayerful tune", + "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "a hymnic version of Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "a hymnic version of Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "Achtliederbuch", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "essential Reformation doctrine", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland", + "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Veni redemptor gentium", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "\" and \"Mensch, willst du leben seliglich", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "the German Te Deum", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "baptismal theology", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam", + "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam", + "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam", + "56f88025aef237190062611e": "in early Lutheran hymnals", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": "four of eight songs", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": "26 songs", + "56f88025aef2371900626121": "Achtliederbuch", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": "Achtliederbuch", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Johann Sebastian Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "chorale cantatas", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Christ lag in Todes Banden", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Christ lag in Todes Banden", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "Christ lag in Todes Banden", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "sleep in peace", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "torments for the saints", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "torments for the saints", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": ".\" He also rejected the existence of Purgatory, which involved Christian souls undergoing penitential suffering after death", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": ". In his Smalcald Articles, he described the saints as currently residing \"in their graves and in heaven", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Johann Gerhard", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": ") and experiences visions", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": ") who at night enters his bedchamber (sub noctem intrat in cubiculum suum)", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "dreams", + "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "Marburg Colloquy", + "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "doctrinal unity", + "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen points out of fifteen", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "the nature of the Eucharist", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "This is my body which is for you", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "the body and blood of Christ", + "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "the body and blood of Christ", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "This is my body which is for you", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "confrontational", + "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", + "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "the Marburg Colloquy", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements", + "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "George, Margrave of Brandenburg", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antithetical", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "The right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther is none other than reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "The right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "The right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "the separate spheres of knowledge", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": ". In his later years, Luther grew more hostile toward the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "the Anabaptists", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "Suleiman the Magnificent", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "a Holy War", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "a scourge sent to punish Christians", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "the papacy, and the Roman Church", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "a secular war against the Turks", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "a Latin translation", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": ". He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "Let the Turk believe and live as he will", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "Let the Turk believe and live as he will", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "Let the Turk believe and live as he will", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "s wrath to Christians", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Johannes Agricola", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "the Ten Commandments", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "On the Councils and the Church", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "On the Councils and the Church", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": ". Simply refusing to preach the Ten Commandments among Christians \u2013 thereby, as it were, removing the three letters l-a-", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "\" that is, the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "\" that is, the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "Simply refusing to preach the Ten Commandments among Christians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "'", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "the natural law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "the natural law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "the \"third use of the law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "the Ten Commandments \u2013", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "the Ten Commandments \u2013", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "baptism", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "The Ten Commandments,", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": ". The theologians were not prepared to make a general ruling, and they reluctantly advised the landgrave that if he was determined, he should marry secretly", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "Margarethe von der Saale", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Melanchthon and Bucer", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "the murder of Christ,", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews as a rejected people guilty of the murder of Christ,", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "the murder of Christ,", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "the divinity of Jesus,", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "the chosen people", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "We are at fault in not slaying them", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": ", and Silesia", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "Throughout the 1580s, riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther was the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet.", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "On the Jews and their Lies", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "On the Jews and their Lies", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "On the Jews and their Lies", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "in 1937", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "On 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": ".", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "Bishop Martin Sasse", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": ", seven Protestant regional church confederations", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "the warner of his people against the Jews", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "On the Jews and Their Lies", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "On the Jews and Their Lies", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "the modern hatred of the Jews", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": ".\"", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "On the Jews and Their Lies] was written. His position was entirely religious and in no respect racial", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "-", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Luther and the Protestant Church", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "s hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "a declining state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity and violence", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "Jews", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "Since the 1980s", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "the least prejudiced toward Jews", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": ".", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": ")", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "Luther had been suffering from ill health", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "ill health", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "angina", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "His poor physical health", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "His poor physical health", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "They are teaching me to be rude", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "His wife Katharina", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "Eisleben", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "the obdurate Jews", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "Eisleben", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "Christian love", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "to Mansfeld,", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "1545", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "chest pains", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "Jesus Christ", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "O Lord, faithful God", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "17 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "An apoplectic stroke", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "Castle Church in Wittenberg", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "We are beggars,", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": ". In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "-", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "a stout man", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": ". In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "In the 1530s and 1540s", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "the Lutheran Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "18 February", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "a geographic and cultural region", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10 counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "a major economic center", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic ties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "a geographic and cultural region", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11 megaregions of the United States", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Nevada", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "the Mexican border", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Riverside and San Bernardino counties", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven metropolitan areas", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12 million inhabitants", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Los Angeles and Orange counties", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "5 million people", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "the Mexico\u2013United States border", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles and San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "Los Angeles and San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "To the south", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles,", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles in southern California", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "a large home grown surf and skateboard culture", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "the ten southern-most counties of the state.", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "the division of Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise of 1850", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "a free state", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes and land laws", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "\" of southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": ") and San Luis Obispo County", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Senator Milton Latham", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial\u2014", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": "the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": "the California State Automobile Association", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "northern, central, and southern California regions", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "South of the Tehachapis", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": ".", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "a heavily developed urban environment", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas that have been left undeveloped.", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "use of automobiles and highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "an international metropolitan region", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Interstate 5", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "San Bernardino and Riverside County areas", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "a Mediterranean climate", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Mediterranean climate", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "Serious rain", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "Serious rain", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": ", and natural ecosystem landscapes", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": ".", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Transverse and Peninsular Ranges", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Southern California", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000 earthquakes", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000 earthquakes", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "7", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "7 1994 Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive, causing a substantial number of deaths, injuries, and structural collapses", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "20 billion", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "the San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "8", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": ".", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically into distinctive regions", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global recognition", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic activity", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010 United States Census", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", + "570603c475f01819005e7884": "22,680,010", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": ",", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": ",", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,419, and San Diego\u2013Tijuana", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million in population", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "the Southern Border Region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "3 million people", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "the housing bubble 2001\u20132007", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "tourism and Hollywood", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "tourism and Hollywood", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "Since the 1920s", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "cattle and citrus", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle and citrus", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": ".", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "the Los Angeles Area", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Downtown Los Angeles central business district", + "57060df252bb891400689820": "Downtown San Bernardino", + "57060df252bb891400689821": "Riverside", + "57060df252bb891400689822": "Downtown Riverside", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": ") and the third by international passenger volume", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange, and San Diego counties", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": "the Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", + "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689865": "public and private institutions", + "5706139252bb891400689866": "Chapman University", + "5706139252bb891400689867": "Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego", + "5706139252bb891400689868": "12 California State University campuses", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers)", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers", + "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689881": "the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014", + "5706149552bb891400689882": "LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014", + "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", + "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "UCLA Bruins", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "USC Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "NCAA Division I", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "NCAA Division I", + "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", + "5706155352bb891400689895": "Rugby is also a growing sport in southern California, particularly at the high school level", + "5706155352bb891400689896": "Rugby is also a growing sport in southern California, particularly at the high school level, with increasing numbers of schools adding rugby as an official school sport", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "Sky plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "November 2014", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two of the six Premier League packages", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky picked up the remaining four for \u00a31.3bn.", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "3bn", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Sky Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "In September 2007", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "a monthly fee", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "HD Box", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "NTL and Telewest", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "In 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "BSkyB had substantially increased the asking price for the channels", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "In July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive for Business", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "Microsoft\u2019", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital platform", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "5 million households", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million customers", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": "the Sky Q Silver set top boxes", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": ". The Sky Q set top boxes introduce a new user interface, Wi-Fi hotspot functionality, Power-line and Bluetooth connectivity", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": "Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital soundtracks", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "4", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV system", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "-", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A satellite", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Astra 2A satellite", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds of television and radio channels", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "the Astra 2A satellite", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000 people", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000 customers", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "Freeview", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "encrypted and require a monthly subscription", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "free to air", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": ".", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "In the autumn of 1991", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": ".", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no veto", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Sky Active", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000 digiboxes", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "HDTV", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million homes", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": "25m people", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": "2004", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": "10 million homes", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": ".", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "benefits and tax credits", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "\u2018often damaging\u2019, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "Sky TV", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": ". Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "BSkyB and Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB and Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "BSkyB and Virgin Media", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "GSP per capita", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "Ireland and China", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000 miners", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "proportional representation system", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "The State of Victoria was divided into eight electorates", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Australian Labor Party", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "Roman Catholics form the single largest religious group in the state", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "637 members", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Hinduism is the fastest growing religion. Around 20% of Victorians claim no religion", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Port Phillip Bay", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": ". Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": ".", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": ".", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "the wider colony of New South Wales", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803 at Sullivan Bay", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "26,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "3 million tonnes of wheat and 2 million tonnes of barley", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000 tonnes of tomatoes", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "the Parliament of Victoria", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "Average temperatures exceed 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer and 15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "15 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "32 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "publicly or privately funded", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "fees", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "publicly or privately funded", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Toyota and Holden", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "2017", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Toyota and Holden", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m (6,516 ft", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "There is an extensive series of river systems in Victoria", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "the helmeted honeyeater", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "the Great Dividing Range mountain system", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "less than 9 \u00b0C", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "private and public railway operators", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "CFCL Australia which operate freight services", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "the Legislative Assembly", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the Legislative Council", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "540,000", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces of gold", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489 Catholic schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "519", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61 per cent of private students attend Catholic schools", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million dairy cattle", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "3 million dairy cattle", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "4 billion litres", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge.", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "In 1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": ". The Premier is the public face of government", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier of Victoria", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "The Premier of Victoria", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "The Premier is the public face of government", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "$8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "the gross value of Victorian agricultural production", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "463 farms", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "136,000 square kilometres", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Bells Beach SurfClassic", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": ". The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "political and military autonomy", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "the Protestant cause with politics unpopular in France", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Amboise plot", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris in 1487", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "the Edict of 1598", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "the Edict of 1598", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1687", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "the French church in New Amsterdam", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "the French church in New Amsterdam", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": ". They were very successful at marriage and property speculation.", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons in France", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": ". Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "]", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": "France", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": "Approximately one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": ". Many came from the region of the C\u00e9vennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000 people", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy.", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "the pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "\") habitually gathered at night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Kent", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": ". Such economic separation", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": "The Weavers", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Cork, Youghal and Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "New France", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": ". The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the French and Indian War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "the French and Indian War", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Roman Catholicism", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": ", required education of children as Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": ", required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "South Africa", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "France Antarctique", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "The wine industry in South Africa", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston, South Carolina", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "The Huguenot Society of America", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "\", is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until first half of the eighteenth century", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "The Berlin Huguenots", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": ". By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "-", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": ". In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "French troops", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Pedro Menendez", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "1565", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Jacksonville", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "French Huguenots", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Dutch Reformed Church", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "the doctrine of transubstantiation", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "the Williamite war in Ireland", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Waterford and Youghal", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "the Irish linen industry", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "mercantilism", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Huguenot \u00e9mig", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "the Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "French language", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "Hugues hypothesis", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism.", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "the whole Bible in the French language in 1530", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "John Calvin", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Nearly 3,000 Protestants", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000 Protestants", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "the Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "the Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "the Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "New Rochelle", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "New York City", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Eglise du St. Esperit\"", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": ". The Huguenots adapted quickly", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": ". The Huguenots adapted quickly", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "Lavoisier", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": ". Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": ", Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "the US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Saint Nicolas", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Germany and Scandinavia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": ") by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Minister of the Interior", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": ". In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "s steam pump", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Thomas Newcomen", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Abercynon in south Wales", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "a water pump", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "centrifugal pumps", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "but are no longer widely used", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "In the late 19th century", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "Multiple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "variable cutoff expansion valve", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "and the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "continuous rotary motion", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "10,000 hp", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "Newcomen and Watt", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "the Industrial Revolution", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria.", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "Compound engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "double and triple expansion engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": ". These stages were called expansions, with double and triple expansion engines being common, especially in shipping", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": ". These stages were called expansions, with double and triple expansion engines being common, especially in shipping where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": ".", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred horsepower", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "Today most electric power is provided by steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy or waste heat", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "an electric heating element", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0 to each other", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "two piston strokes", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port.", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "the usual counterflow cycle", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "in", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "run", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": ". These engines are mainly used in toys and models,", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": ". Normally water is the fluid of choice due to its favourable properties, such as non-", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": ", steamboats and road vehicles", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "the Industrial Revolution", + "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", + "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557f": ". Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway", + "571153422419e31400955581": "Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British engineer", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": ". By staging the expansion in multiple cylinders, torque variability can be reduced. To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger cylinder volume", + "571154c72419e31400955587": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines", + "571154c72419e31400955589": "and gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": "Diesel engines, and gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": "The Rankine cycle is used in virtually all steam power production applications", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": "In the 1990s", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": "The Rankine cycle is used in virtually all steam power production applications", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": "William John Macquorn Rankine", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "The historical measure of a steam engine", + "571156152419e3140095559f": "25 million,", + "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million,", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94 pounds", + "571156152419e3140095559c": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency was its \"duty\".", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "electric motors and internal combustion engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698 by Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "Thomas Savery", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport applications", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "pressure steam", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8 lb", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "30", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "an automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "Evaporative cooling towers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "A dry type cooling tower", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600 cubic metres", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "The centrifugal governor", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "James Watt", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "operations requiring constant speed, such as cotton spinning", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": ". The governor could not actually hold a set speed, because it would assume a new constant speed in response to load changes", + "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": "locomotives", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": ", for road engines", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "shortening the cutoff", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "\" or rather, shortening the admission event", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "and giving excessive compression (", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "A steam turbine", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers and condensers", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": ". For mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "The weight of boilers and condensers", + "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", + "571161092419e314009555d9": "The major problem is the difficulty of sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half as much coal", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": ".", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "the pressure of expanding steam", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two independent mechanisms", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "an adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal illegally is broken", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": "separate steam admission and exhaust valves and automatic variable steam cutoff", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", + "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": "-", + "571163172419e314009555e9": ". The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", + "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat,", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": ". By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "an injector) to supply water to the boiler", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "and superheaters", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": ". It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "and ocean liners", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", + "571166352419e314009555f1": "Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors", + "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": "a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors", + "571166352419e314009555f5": "A limited number of steam turbine railroad locomotives", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "a practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": ") and rejection (in the condenser", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "a liquid", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "hydrogen and helium", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas", + "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "Diatomic oxygen gas", + "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass", + "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": ".", + "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "hydrogen and helium", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "the chalcogen group", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "-fuel burning. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "Diatomic oxygen gas", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "the energy of sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "utant", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "Oxygen", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "Most of the mass of living organisms", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "water, the major constituent of lifeforms", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": ". Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration and combustion", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Joseph Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "dephlogisticated air", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Because he published his findings first, Priestley is usually given priority", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": ") inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica, Philo", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": ". Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "Oxygen is the oxidant", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "Fire and explosion hazards", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "silica SiO\n2", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "crustal rock", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "). The Earth's crustal rock", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "silicates of magnesium and iron", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "s mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "). The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen and one volume of oxygen", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "-Lu", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms, the filling of which results in a bond order of two", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "and Joseph Priestley", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Oxygen", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Joseph Priestley", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "An electron configuration", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous combustion", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "\u03c3 and \u03c0 overlaps", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "tin and air", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "the weight of the air that rushed back in", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "in weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "Azote", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "O\n2 or O\n3", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "a protective radiation shield", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since ozone absorbs strongly in the UV region of the spectrum", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": ". Due to its energy content, O2 is used by complex forms of life, such as animals, in cellular respiration (see Biological role", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "Scottish chemist James Dewar", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene welding", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "Water", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "1 molecule of dissolved O\n2 for every 2 molecules of N\n2, compared to an atmospheric ratio of approximately 1:4.", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "Water in equilibrium with air", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C (7.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "Oxygen is the most abundant chemical element by mass", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "the most abundant chemical element", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": ") and Venus", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "By the late 19th century", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "By the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied, and its components isolated", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Raoul Pierre Pictet", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "and cooling it. Using a cascade method, Swiss chemist and physicist Raoul Pierre Pictet evaporated liquid sulfur dioxide", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "1883", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "es", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen isotopes", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis spacecraft", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "an unknown process", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": ".", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "molecular oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": ".", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "18 and oxygen", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "During periods of lower global temperatures", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "plant health status", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "Oxygen", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": ". Some remote sensing", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "Liquid oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": ", O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "a magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "a magnet", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "and hydrogen peroxide", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "5 billion years ago", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "20 K", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "). Both liquid and solid O\n2", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "Oxygen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "and solid O\n2", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": ". The increased solubility of O\n2 at lower temperatures (see Physical properties)", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "Free oxygen", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "a much higher density of life", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "Free oxygen", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "Free oxygen gas", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": ".", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "Photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": ".", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "O\n2 gas", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen gas", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "O\n2 gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC electricity", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "Oxygen, as a supposed mild euphoric", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "The pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": ". Available studies support a performance boost", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "a placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "Oxygen bars", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Increasing the pressure of O\n2", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "the heart", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "Oxygen therapy", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous oxygen", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides of the transition metals", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "w\u00fcstite", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds, with slightly less metal than the chemical formula would show.", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "Sudden cabin pressure loss", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "O\n2", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic reaction", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen gas", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure oxygen tanks", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "Liquid oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "bulk liquid oxygen storage containers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "There are many important organic solvents that contain oxygen", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "an organic group", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "There are many important organic solvents that contain oxygen", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "There are many important organic solvents that contain oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": ".", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen.", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": ". Of the organic compounds with biological relevance", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "O\n2 partial pressures greater than 160 kPa", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "Breathing pure O\n2", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2 partial pressure", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "Breathing pure O\n2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "O\n2 partial pressure", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "Oxygen gas (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "50 kilopascals", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "Oxygen gas", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "Oxygen gas", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "Oxygen gas", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$12 globally; US prices were significantly higher", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "the 1979 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "The 1973 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": ". The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "the price of gold", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "Because oil was priced in dollars", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "a fixed amount of gold.", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "\" (", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1971", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Syria and Egypt", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten times more", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Syria and Egypt", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": ". Weeks later, the Shah of Iran said in an interview: \"Of course", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "In response to American aid to Israel, on October 16, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "In response to American aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "In response to American aid to Israel", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "100 billion dollars", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Saudi Arabia", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "distribution and price disruptions", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties prior to 1973", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel, and Harold Wilson's government supported the Israelis during the Six-Day War.", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "the UK and France", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "The UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "The UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "The UK", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "Price controls", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "no fuel", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": "The energy crisis", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": ".", + "57265200708984140094c237": "United States", + "57265200708984140094c238": "Saudi Arabia and Kuwait", + "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", + "57265200708984140094c23a": "Saudi Arabia and Kuwait", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "dependent on Arab oil", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "On November 22", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "By December 25", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "The USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": ". In the wake of the Iranian revolution", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder engines", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "-wheel drive, which became de facto standards", + "572659535951b619008f703f": "A decade after the 1973 oil crisis", + "572659535951b619008f7040": "Mazda 616 and Datsun 810", + "572659535951b619008f7041": "Datsun 810", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "-", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Hilux and the Datsun Truck", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Mazda Truck (sold as the Ford Courier), and the Isuzu-built Chevrolet LUV", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM, respectively", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four passengers", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": ".4 miles per gallon, compared to 13.", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": ". The only full-size models that did not recover were lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "featuring smaller engines and smaller outside dimensions", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "Mustang I", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": ". This \"sale\"", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", + "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "The Apollo program", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "The Apollo program", + "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", + "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "The Apollo program", + "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "The Apollo program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "1961 to 1972", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Gemini program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "the Soviet Union", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which disabled the command spacecraft's propulsion and life support", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "Apollo 17", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842 pounds", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "rocketry and manned spaceflight", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "-up to Project Mercury. While the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "three astronauts", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "NASA manager Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "manned lunar landings", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": ", General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Hugh L. Dryden", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "the Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "James E. Webb", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "the Soviet Union", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "April 12", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "April 20", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Lyndon B. Johnson", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "Vice President Lyndon B", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "a manned Moon landing", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Houston", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "Houston, Texas", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice University", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch facilities in Florida", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "Merritt Island", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "Director", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "Kennedy", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "A and B", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "The Apollo spacecraft", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "250,000 feet (76 km), which is nearly a vacuum", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "130 million cubic foot", + "5725c123271a42140099d131": "George E", + "5725c123271a42140099d132": "July 23, 1963", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Brainerd Holmes", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Deputy Associate Administrator", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "Air Force missile projects", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "the United States Air Force", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "General Samuel C. Phillips,", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "1969", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "Apollo Program Director", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "a rendezvous \u2014", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "In early 1961", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", + "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Golovin", + "5725c604271a42140099d186": "July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": "Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": "Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Golovin,", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "NASA,", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "July 11, 1962", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "No, that's no good\"", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "electrical power and life support", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "Apollo 13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "propulsion, electrical power and life support", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "1964", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "a cone", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Service Module", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "two men", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "three astronauts", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "Earth ocean landing", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "an ablative heat shield", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachutes", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "12,250 pounds", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "A cylindrical Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "The Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "The Service Module was discarded", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "(23,300 kg", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package was carried. The Service Module", + "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", + "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "about twice the thrust required for translunar flight. Also, there was no provision for docking with the Lunar Module.", + "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "A 1964 program definition study", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "Saturn V launch vehicle", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the Command Module.", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "), and allowed surface stays up to around 34 hours. An Extended Lunar Module", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "300 pounds", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "3 days", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "the Army", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "dummy upper stages filled with water", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "1964 and 1965", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "Pegasus satellites", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "1,600,000 pounds-force (7,120 kN", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "the third stage", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "40,000 pounds", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "Saturn V", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "1 m", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "The three", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "translunar injection", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Project Mercury and Gemini veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Apollo 17", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups.", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": ",", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "Distinguished Service Medal,", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "Exceptional Service Medal", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "the Distinguished Service Medal,", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "7 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "1 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": ") and Lunar Module Pilot", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "a new Apollo spacesuit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "The traditional visor helmet", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "the lunar surface EVA suit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Lunar Module Pilot", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Gemini and Apollo programs", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Deke Slayton", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": ". \"Rusty\" Schweickart. Mercury/Gemini veteran Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": ". Its Saturn IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "Apollo 1 backup crew", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Samuel Phillips", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "1967", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "North American, and in the altitude chamber", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "a launch countdown", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "North American", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "an electrical fire", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "an electrical fire began in the cabin", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "an electrical fire began in the cabin", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "oxygen atmosphere", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "both houses of Congress", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Command Module design", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "George Low", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "flammable cabin and space suit materials", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": ", outward opening door", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "NASA discontinued the manned Block I program", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "Block II space suits", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "unmanned Saturn V validation", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "Each step had to be successfully accomplished", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": ",", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "The delay in the CSM caused by the fire", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "April 4, 1968", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "a third unmanned test", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "Apollo 5", + "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "pad 37", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "-", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "The ascent engine was fired in abort mode", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "Saturn V", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "a Saturn V", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "to orbit the Moon", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "television", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 24", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Apollo 12", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "They made two EVAs", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "the Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "CSM and LM", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "the Block II spacesuit", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "three days", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "a liquid oxygen tank", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": ", with two rookies", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "Apollo was grounded", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "a liquid oxygen tank", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "April 1970", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "Apollo 20", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "s yearly budget", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "Apollo 20", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "A geochemical component called KREEP", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "impact process effects", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "evidence of impact process effects", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "Almost all the rocks show evidence of impact process effects", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "15 Saturn V rockets", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "$109 billion in 2010 dollars", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "The Apollo Extension Series", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo Applications Program", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "Venus", + "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": ".", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "February 8, 1974", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "an Apollo Telescope Mount", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": ") above the Moon, began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface, and photographed each site where manned Apollo flights landed", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "one left during the Apollo 11 mission", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "-", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "The crew of Apollo 8", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Genesis", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "An estimated one-quarter of the population of the world", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "pictures of the Earth and the Moon", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV camera", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "The Moon landing data was recorded by a special Apollo TV camera", + "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "The Moon landing data", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": "The Moon landing data", + "5725f239271a42140099d361": ". During the following years, a magnetic tape shortage prompted NASA", + "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": ". The video was processed to remove random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "and kinescope recordings", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Lowry Digital", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "The restored video, remaining in black and white, contains conservative digital enhancements", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": ", secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": ", secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "international law and general principles of European Union law", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "The European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "The European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": ") and the European Parliament (elected by citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "European Council", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "All EU member states", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "The primary law of the EU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "The TEU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "The primary law of the EU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1979, Spain and Portugal 1985", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": ", Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": ". However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": ". However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "the President and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": ". The proposal to make the Commissioners be drawn from the elected Parliament, was not adopted in the Treaty of Lisbon", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The European Commission", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": "The European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "The European Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "the Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "of monetary policy for the purpose of managing the euro.", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "a Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "The President of the Council", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "a Committee of Independent Experts", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "of", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "In 2012", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "the Commission and Council", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "the Commission and Council", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "every five years", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "The Parliament", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "the Commission and Council", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "the Commission and Council", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "-thirds majority can censure the whole Commission (as happened to the Santer Commission in 1999", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "every five years", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": ". When voting takes place it is weighted inversely to member state size, so smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes,", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "a qualified majority vote, if not consensus", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "The second main legislative body is the Council", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "six months", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "a qualified majority vote, if not consensus", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a majority of all MEPs", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "absolute and qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "it is harder to change EU law than stay the same", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice believes it has the final say", + "572695285951b619008f774b": "TFEU article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": "Parliament and Council", + "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572695285951b619008f774e": "Parliament and Council", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", + "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "the English Court of Appeal", + "572658435951b619008f7029": "to be the ultimate court to interpret questions of EU law", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "to be the ultimate court to interpret questions of EU law", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law has primacy", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": ".", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": ". This was necessary to prevent a \"corresponding denial\"", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": ". However, in principle, Mr Costa was entitled to plead that the Treaty conflicted with national law", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": ".", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law takes primacy over national law", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": "democracy and human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": "EU law takes primacy over national law", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": "democracy and human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": "democracy, the rule of law and the social state principles", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": ", and judged by standards of proportionality, particularly where general principles of law, or fundamental rights", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "While constitutional law", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": ") unconditional, and (3) did not require EU or national authorities to take further action to implement them", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "30", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company,", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "TFEU article 288", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Treaties and Regulations", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks paid holidays each year, but most member states require more than 28 days", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28 days in national law", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "The Court of Justice refused,", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": ", the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws,", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "rsuant to a state measure, (2) it provided a public service, and (3)", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "\"", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "18 to 28", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "Fourth, national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law \"as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive\"", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "Fourth, national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": ". So, in Francovich v Italy, the Italian government had failed to set up an insurance fund", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": ", proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "sprop", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": ". It is an important general principle of international law and public law, which predates European Union law.", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": ".", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "The doctrine of legitimate expectation, which has its roots in the principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "Fundamental rights, as in human rights", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "the European Union and its institutions", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "the European Court of Human Rights", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "In 1999", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "7 December 2000, as adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "the European Court of Justice", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "of", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30 general principles", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40 pieces of legislation", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12 member states", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues unless it agreed to be bound by the legislation.", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "an Agreement on Social Policy", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "the 1994 Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996 Parental Leave Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "the abuse of a dominant position by companies", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "In 1957", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "1), including price fixing", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "the abuse of dominant position, such as price discrimination and exclusive dealing", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102 allows the European Council to regulations to govern mergers between firms", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": ")", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "1957", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": ") much more than others, but will burden people who lack bargaining power", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "in an expanding market, particularly workers, consumers, small business, developing industries, and communities. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": ". Although many companies, including Mr Schmidberger's German undertaking, were prevented from trading, the Court of Justice reasoned that freedom of association", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Quantitative restrictions on imports", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "the free movement of goods", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "TFEU article 36", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "\" and labelling would protect consumers \"", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "\"", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "vegetable fats", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "\" to buy their products, but again the national courts would decide whether it was justified under article 36 to protect public health", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "and misleading commercials for skin care products", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "social security rights", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "residence", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Mr Angonese", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "2", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726c002708984140094d073": "TFEU article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d074": "justified by imperative requirements in the general interest\" and proportionately applied", + "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d076": "TFEU article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "only that there must be some", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "\". The competence for the Union to do this was contested in 2005 at the Court of Justice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "TFEU article 56", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "Health care", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "without first settling its tax bills in the UK", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": ". Thus, the court draws a distinction between the right of establishment for foreign companies (where restrictions must be justified)", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": ". Thus, the court draws a distinction between the right of establishment for foreign companies (where restrictions must be justified)", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "TFEU article 49", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "Centros Ltd", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": ") are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "States or departments in four nations", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "The Amazon rainforest", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000 species", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "a moist broadleaf forest", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "16,000 species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "a relatively narrow band", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "the last glacial maximum", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": ". During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "66\u201334 Mya", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Following the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "66\u201334 Mya", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": ". Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "the Purus Arch", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": "the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": ". Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": ". As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin.", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": ".", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": ".", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "the Last Glacial Maximum", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": ".", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": ") and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": ")", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million tons of dust", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles (2,600 km", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "the Amazon basin", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million tons of dust", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "CALIPSO satellite", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons of dust", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "182 million tons of dust", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons of dust", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons of dust", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO satellite", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons of dust", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles (2,600 km", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "182 million tons of dust", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "2 inhabitants per square kilometre", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "hunting, with agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": ". However, recent anthropological findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "Some 5 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": ".2 inhabitants per square kilometre", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "2 inhabitants per square kilometre", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "2 inhabitants per square kilometre", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "Some 5 million people", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "AD 0\u20131250", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "a product of indigenous soil management", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu tribe", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Terra preta", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": ". The development of this fertile soil allowed agriculture and sil", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": "bridges and large plazas", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "2,000 birds and mammals", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "2,000 birds and mammals", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000 birds and mammals", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "2,000 birds and mammals", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378 reptiles", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "790 tonnes of living plants", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "16,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": "The biodiversity of plant species", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": "16,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": "790 tonnes of living plants", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": ", electric eels", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "the black caiman", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": ". In the river, electric eels can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill, while piranha", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "human settlement and development of the land", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "the slash and burn method", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "human settlement and development of the land", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "The needs of soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "The mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year)", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": "1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "1 metric tonnes of carbon", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas emissions", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "As indigenous territories", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "deforestation and ecocide", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "the Urarina", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Urarina", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "The use of remote sensing", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio Tribe", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": ". Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth stages within different parts of the forest", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation on regional climate", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "In 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "5 gigatons of carbon dioxide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "5 m", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "5 m", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "'; commonly known as comb jellies", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": ". Their most distinctive feature is the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 kteis", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times their own weight", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "Only 100\u2013150 species", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": "Only 100\u2013150 species", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": "retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": "stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "mouths", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "Only 100\u2013150 species", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "hermaphrodites", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "miniature cydippids", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "Most species are hermaphrodites", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "Fertilization is generally external,", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "Most species are hermaphrodites", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "Fertilization is generally external,", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "hermaphroditism and early reproduction", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "Fertilization is generally external,", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "Fertilization is generally external,", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "Most species are hermaphrodites", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": ". The exceptions are the beroids, whose young are miniature beroids with large mouths and no tentacles", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Black Sea", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis,", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "The later accidental introduction of Beroe", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": "One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis,", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "and", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": ". In bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis,", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "The later accidental introduction of Beroe", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "The later accidental introduction of Beroe", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "descendants of various cydippids", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": ". Evidence acc", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "66 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "descendants of various cydippids", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "no tentacles", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": ". Unlike sponges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "). Unlike sponges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "phylum", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "-like basement membranes", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": ".", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": ".), and less complex than bilaterians", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": "the mesoglea", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic,", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": "sponges and cnidarians", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges and cnidarians", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "ctenes,", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes,", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "\u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": ". Hence most attention has until recently concentrated on three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": ".", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": ". Hence most attention has until recently concentrated on three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "an epithelium, the gastrodermis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "The internal cavity", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a system of internal canals", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "\" or \"comb plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "comb plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "a supporting function", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "the mouth is pointing,", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": ". Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": ". Conversely if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater, the rosettes may pump water out of the mesoglea", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "the aboral organ", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "more or less rounded, sometimes nearly spherical", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": ".", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "nematocytes", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "nematocytes", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "striated muscle", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three types of movement", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "There are eight rows of combs", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "There are eight rows of combs", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "There are eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "a pair of lobes", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "Between the lobes on either side of the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "Between the lobes on either side of the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "Between the lobes on either side of the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "the cilia edging the auricles", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut when the animal is not feeding", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "\" the mouth shut when the animal is not feeding", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "pharynx", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface.", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "They cling to and creep on surfaces", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "the body surfaces", + "572683075951b619008f7513": "Fertilization is external in most species, but platyctenids use internal fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": "under the comb rows", + "572683075951b619008f7517": "Fertilization is external in most species", + "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "572684365951b619008f7540": ". In the genus Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "572684365951b619008f7541": "miniature cydippid adults", + "572684365951b619008f7542": "miniature cydippid adults", + "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": ")", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": ") that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "diffused over their bodies", + "5726887e708984140094c917": "Almost all ctenophores are predators", + "5726887e708984140094c918": ". The two-tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps", + "5726887e708984140094c919": "Lampea feeds exclusively on salps", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": ". The two-tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "ctenophores and jellyfish", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": ". Since ctenophores and jellyfish", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores and jellyfish", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": ". Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for analysis were known, both members of the crown group, from the early Devonian", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three additional putative species", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Stromatoveris,", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": ".", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": ".", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", + "57269016708984140094ca41": ", Porifera", + "57269016708984140094ca42": "Ctenophores and sponges are also the only known animal phyla that lack any true hox genes.", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": ".", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "5 million years ago", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Cestida and Thalassocalycida", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno is in the center of the San Joaquin Valley and is the largest city in the Central Valley, which contains the San Joaquin Valley.", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "\"ash tree", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": ") south of San Francisco. The name Fresno means \"ash tree", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Central Pacific Railroad", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47 streetcars", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Central Pacific Railroad", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": "The Fresno Fairgrounds", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": "the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "In 1976", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "The Fresno Barn", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three large public parks", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "the Hughes Hotel", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Street", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Renoir", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "The public art pieces", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "The neighborhood of Sunnyside", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "Bell", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "just north of downtown Fresno proper", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "the late 1970s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies, along with classic films", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live theater and nightclubs", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": ", live theater and nightclubs", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": ". Since renewal, the Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": ". The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture, Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, Mission Revival Style architecture", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue on the east", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267 homes", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "west and south", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "-", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "Southwest Fresno", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Kearney Boulevard,", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "The neighborhood has very little retail activity", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300 acres (1.2 km2", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500 people", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22 miles", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "Developer William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park Airport", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": ".", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July is the warmest month, averaging 83.0 \u00b0F (28.3 \u00b0C)", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "5 inches", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "the northwest", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "January and February", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "The official record high temperature for Fresno is 115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1982 to June 1983", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2 inches", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5 people per square mile", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "There were 158,349 households", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "a male householder with no wife present", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "There were 158,349 households", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "62", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "07", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652 people", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "The population density was 4,097.9 people per square mile", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "427,652 people", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "427,652 people", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "1953. KMJ is now known as NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "State Route 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "population and traffic", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Union Pacific Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "The city of Fresno", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "-", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "the theretofore established principles", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "networking paradigm, circuit switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "packet switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": ", circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "packet switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "by a fee per unit of connection time", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": "a multiple access scheme", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "by store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network in the UK", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "in the ARPANET", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": "for use in the ARPANET", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": "includes complete addressing information", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": "via different routes", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": "a destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "is labeled with a destination address", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": ", timestamp", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "the connection id in a table", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": ". The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "no network layer procedures", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "and inefficient. Frame relay operates principally at layer two of the OSI Model", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "no network layer procedures", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": ") and or versions of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "in 1973", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": ". This results in a simpler host interface with less functionality than in the datagram model. The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "sequenced delivery of data to the host", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "ARPANET and SITA HLN", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "AppleTalk system", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "AppleTalk system", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "-end protocol mechanisms. Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "is a suite of network protocols", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": ")", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "one of the first peer-to-peer network architectures", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a data network", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "computer service bureaus", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "a data network", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a data network", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "Merit Network, Inc", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "Inc", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE.", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "com", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "making ARPANET technology public", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "compatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman (BBN)", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "consisted of a large public network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "and a private network business", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": ") to build their own dedicated networks. The private networks were often connected via gateways to the public network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "a large public network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": ". Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections. The business consisted of a large public network", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": "developed by Bell Northern Research", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": "the interconnection", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "was an Australian public X.25 network", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "to academic institutions", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": ".", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": ".", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "the public switched data network", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "). And because the main Videotex service used the network and modified PAD devices as infrastructure the name Datanet 1 was used for these services", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network", + "5726462b708984140094c118": "was to extend networking benefits", + "5726462b708984140094c119": ". Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": ". In October, 2007, Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "to launch a brand new nationwide network", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene,", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "to launch a brand new nationwide network", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "the Internet2 Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking in the United States", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "a major part of the Internet backbone", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": "Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c160": "via 12 national points of presence", + "572648d1708984140094c161": ".", + "57264684708984140094c123": "Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c124": "Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c125": "350\u2013375 million", + "57264684708984140094c126": "350\u2013375 million", + "57264684708984140094c127": "350\u2013375 million", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China and India", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "the Mongol army under Jani Beg", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "Plague", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily and the south of Europe", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": ". Whether or not this hypothesis is accurate, it is clear that several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "From Italy, the disease spread northwest across Europe", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Italy", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "Belgium and the Netherlands", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Italy", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "Ask\u00f8y", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "Syria and Palestine", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "By autumn 1347", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea.", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "Asia Minor", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": "atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": ".", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "That the plague was caused by bad air", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the king of France", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "That the plague was caused by bad air", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "That the plague was caused by bad air", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong in 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": ".", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "90 to 95 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "high fevers and purple skin patches", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "2010", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": ") techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "Yersinia pestis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": ")", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": ")", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": ".", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": ".", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "Nature in October 2011", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "Graham Twigg", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "The plague theory", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "The plague theory", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": ". In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Cohn, Jr", + "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological account of the plague", + "5726516a708984140094c224": "an epidemiological account of the plague", + "5726516a708984140094c225": ",", + "5726516a708984140094c226": "Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", + "57265285708984140094c25b": ";", + "57265285708984140094c25c": "); that transference via fleas in goods", + "57265285708984140094c25d": ")", + "57265285708984140094c25e": "that of modern bubonic plague", + "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": "a form of anthrax,", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": "hemorrhagic plague", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": "anthrax and other pandemics", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "blood poisoning", + "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half of Paris's population of 100,000 people", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "a death rate of about a third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "about a third of the European population", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "Iran and Syria", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "1346 and 1671", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million people", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000 people", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "and the Great Plague of Vienna", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times between 1361 and 1528", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "7 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "300,000 inhabitants", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": ". The plague of 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Russia and allies", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720 in Marseille", + "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand inhabitants", + "5726577f708984140094c303": "Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century", + "5726577f708984140094c304": "-thirds of its population has been wiped out", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "and metamorphic rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "a new magma", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "The rock cycle", + "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", + "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c399": ".", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": ". This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": "the 1960s", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Plate tectonics", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": "the convecting mantle", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "the arrival times of seismic waves", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "a liquid outer core", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers), and the outer core and inner core", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "the arrival times of seismic waves", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "the outer core and inner core", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "The second scale compresses the most recent era", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Since the Quaternary is a very short period", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "the Quaternary period", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "Finding the key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": ". Faults are younger than the rocks they cut", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": ".", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel from an older formation", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "The principle of faunal succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": "This changed the understanding of geologic time", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": "fossils and stratigraphic correlation", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": ".", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical techniques", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "For many geologic applications, isotope ratios of radioactive elements", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": ". These methods are used for a variety of applications. Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "In the shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms and synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "antiforms and synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines, respectively", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt in which the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon can be seen over a length of less than a meter", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "ductile stretching and thinning", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": "cracks,", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic gradients", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Faulting and other deformational processes", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta gneiss", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": ".", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "Acasta gneiss", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", + "572677e7708984140094c726": ". In many cases, geologists also study modern soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "identifying rocks in the field", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference properties", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "the geochemical evolution of rock units", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": ". Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "a petrographic microscope", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "igneous and metamorphic processes", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural geologists", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": ". They also plot and combine measurements of geological structures", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical experiments of rock deformation", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "those involving orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": ". In the analog versions of these experiments, horizontal layers of sand", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "-looking patterns of faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same)", + "57268066708984140094c821": "In the laboratory", + "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", + "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs", + "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", + "57268066708984140094c825": "coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Biruni", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": "by deposition of silt", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": ". Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": "and by deposition of silt", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809 by William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": ", Principles of Geology", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": ".", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103 miles (166 km", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "277 miles (446 km) north of London", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "English Core Cities Group", + "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "Northumberland", + "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "the wool trade", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "coal", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "the 16th century", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "the Great North Run", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "the River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Roman Wall", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish tribes", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "England", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "William the Lion", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the Hostmen", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "a pointless pursuit", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "an eccentric", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "taking coals to Newcastle", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "and their families", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": ".", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague, more than one-third of the population.", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": ". In the 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "Charles I", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies, the Scots", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "with roaring drummes", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "Triumphing by a brave defence", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "the urbanization of the city", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling company", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "shipbuilding and heavy engineering", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "the steam turbine", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "In large parts, Newcastle still retains a medieval street layout", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Close, Sandhill and Quayside", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "modern buildings", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "28\u201330 Close", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "-born British scholar of architecture, Nikolaus Pevsner, describes Grey Street as one of the finest streets in England.", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "Tyneside Classical", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "-", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Town Moor", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "the right to graze cattle on it", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "The Hoppings funfair", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "The Hoppings funfair", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King Harald V of Norway", + "57267076708984140094c601": "imposing new office developments", + "57267076708984140094c602": "Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster", + "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", + "57267076708984140094c605": "2008 for ten days", + "572671165951b619008f72b7": "the Grainger Town area", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area", + "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four stories high", + "572671165951b619008f72ba": "244 are listed", + "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "the Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "The Grainger Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000 guests", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": "The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", + "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "the North Atlantic Drift", + "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "the rain shadow", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "5 \u00b0C", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "the remainder of the British Isles", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "In 2010", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": ".", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "by department,", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "March 2007", + "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street", + "5726769c708984140094c712": "the largest suburban shopping areas", + "5726769c708984140094c713": "The largest Tesco", + "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", + "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "A new development in the Ouseburn valley", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Architects", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "high density without building high", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "7", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "the proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "flats and waterside apartments", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": ".", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "Tunbridge Wells", + "572679c35951b619008f73db": "2001 census", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": ".", + "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "282,442", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": "Newcastle and Northumbria Universities", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": "a large student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities in the local area. Areas with predominant student populations", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "Scottish or Irish ancestors", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Border Reiver surnames", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "2,000 Bolivians in Newcastle", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "2,000 Bolivians in Newcastle", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie,", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "), \"burn\"", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "Latin and Norman French\u2014", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "\u2014", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "barn and hjem", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Some words used in the Geordie dialect", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Dutch gooien, via West Frisian", + "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": ".", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "the noisiest city", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "the noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "the health of the city's residents.", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "a motorway underpass without pedestrian access", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Collingwood Street", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "a new indoor complex consisting of bars, upmarket clubs", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", + "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "The city has a proud history of theatre", + "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble of the famous Kemble family", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "Sarah Siddons and John Kemble out of London to Newcastle. Stephen Kemble guided the theatre through many celebrated seasons", + "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8750": "The city still contains many theatres", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": "Theatre Royal on Grey Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8752": "the Royal Shakespeare Company", + "5726800add62a815002e8753": "The Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre hosts smaller touring productions, whilst other venues feature local talent", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": "the arts capital of the UK", + "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs", + "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green", + "572680865951b619008f74ea": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "In May", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "The biennial AV Festival of international electronic art", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "2 weeks each year", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "The Hoppings", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Temperance Movement", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "a cycling festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "The Northern Pride Festival and Parade", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "the Design Event festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", + "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "Folk metal", + "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", + "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Venom", + "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Folk metal band Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran", + "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Old Town Hall, Gateshead", + "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic \u2014the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema still in full-", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "Classic \u2014", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "The Pilgrim Street building", + "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "the Centre for Life", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "life on Tyneside", + "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "shipbuilding heritage, and inventions which changed the world", + "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "On the Night of the Fire", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Get Carter", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "film noir", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Tommy Lee Jones", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Brough Park in Byker", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Blaydon Race", + "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland", + "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Newcastle International Airport", + "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "20 minutes", + "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "five million passengers per year", + "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "90", + "572689385951b619008f761b": "the stations historic entrance", + "572689385951b619008f761c": "The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations", + "572689385951b619008f761d": "Queen Victoria,", + "572689385951b619008f761e": "Robert Stephenson", + "572689385951b619008f761f": "Manors,", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "three hours", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "three hours", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "Virgin Trains East Coast", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail provides local and regional services", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five phases", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "A bridge was built across the Tyne", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million passengers a year", + "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "All Metro trains", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "an entirely new fleet of trains and further extensions to the system", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "trams as opposed to the current light rail trains", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "the A69 heading west to Carlisle", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Great North Road", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "the capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": "Cycling", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy living", + "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", + "57269120708984140094ca5d": "National Cycling strategy", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "DFDS Seaways", + "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "high fuel prices and new competition", + "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008", + "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Norwegian and Fjords cruise", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "and seven independent schools with sixth forms", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "Royal Grammar School", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": ".", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "Newcastle University and Northumbria University", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "Newcastle University and Northumbria University", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times University of the Year award", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "University of Northumbria at Newcastle", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "Newcastle University and Northumbria University", + "572699b55951b619008f778f": "Newcastle has three cathedrals", + "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1474", + "572699b55951b619008f7791": "the Coptic Cathedral", + "572699b55951b619008f7792": "St Thomas the Martyr", + "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", + "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "the main porch", + "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "It is surrounded by the last of the ancient churchyards", + "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The church tower", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "The Watermark business park", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "The entrance to studio 5 at the City Road complex", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "BBC North East and Cumbria", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "BBC Radio Newcastle", + "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", + "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "Newcastle Student Radio", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "Hospedia and online", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio Lollipop", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": "Newcastle University", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1770", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Archbishop of Westminster", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Lord Armstrong", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "the incandescent light bulb", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", + "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Rutherford Grammar School", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": ".", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": ", Nobel Prize", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "keyed Northumbrian smallpipes", + "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Newcastle", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": "Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", + "5726710b708984140094c61e": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "5726710b708984140094c61f": "1852", + "5726710b708984140094c620": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Kensington and Chelsea", + "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", + "572680ac708984140094c83f": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c840": "Department for Culture, Media and Sport", + "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", + "57268294708984140094c877": "5 acres", + "57268294708984140094c878": "145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000 years", + "57268294708984140094c87a": "Asia and North Africa", + "57268294708984140094c87b": "5,000 years", + "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "the Great Exhibition of 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole", + "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "the Museum of Manufactures", + "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "South Kensington Museum", + "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Gottfried Semper", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "Queen Victoria", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "22 June 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "Before the return of the collections after the war", + "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "a million and a half visitors", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "Council of Industrial Design", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "the Festival of Britain", + "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "a rock concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "Gryphon", + "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": "mediaeval music and instrumentation", + "57269656708984140094cafd": "Dundee", + "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", + "57269656708984140094caff": ". The V&A is not contributing financially, but will be providing expertise,", + "57269656708984140094cb00": "\u00a343 million gallery", + "57269656708984140094cb01": "and photography. It is planned that it could open within five years. Dundee City Council is expected to pay a major part of the running costs", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "Brompton Park House", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "the Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "Francis Fowke", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "the offices and board room", + "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones", + "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", + "57269c06708984140094cba3": "James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", + "57269c06708984140094cba4": "Humphry Davy", + "57269c06708984140094cba5": "Titian", + "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "Philip Webb and William Morris", + "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "Philip Webb and William Morris", + "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "James Gamble", + "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", + "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "Sir Edward Poynter", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Henry Young Darracott Scott", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "School for Naval Architects", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby stone", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "prints and architectural drawings", + "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008", + "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "Starkie Gardner", + "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "1870\u201373", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "the Art Library and what is now the sculpture gallery on the south side of the garden", + "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Reuben Townroe", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Aston Webb", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "red brick and Portland stone", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720 feet", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "an open work crown", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "The main windows to the galleries", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four levels of galleries", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "Art Library", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "the Henry Cole wing", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "a new entrance building", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "a new entrance building", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "Gilbert Bayes sculpture gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "the mosaic floors", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", + "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington tube station", + "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "John Madejski Garden", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "an elliptical water feature", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum tree", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "2004", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "600,000 drawings", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "700,000", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Andrea Palladio", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "intosh, Charles Holden, Frank Hoar, Lord Richard Rogers, Lord Norman Foster, Sir Nicholas Grimshaw", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "330", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": ", Sir George Gilbert Scott", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "Bishopsgate", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "the Great Fire of London", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c1600 from Bishopsgate", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "Montal", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "a column from the Alhambra", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19,000 items from the Islamic world", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "the Ardabil Carpet", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "Spain", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "10,000 textiles and 6000 paintings", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10,000 textiles and 6000 paintings", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "10,000 textiles and 6000 paintings", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "more than 70,000 works of art", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "China, Japan and Korea", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "Tsui Gallery of Chinese art", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "1991", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "China, Japan and Korea", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Toshiba", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": ".25 metres high and 1.", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "bronze", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Korea", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Refined Hindu and Buddhist sculptures", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "pearl", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "rracotta and ivory", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": ", Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "14,000 books", + "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1869", + "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1876", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "William Morris", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "the 12th to 16th centuries", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "Joan of Arc", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Word and Image Department", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "MODES cataloging system", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "Encoded Archival Description", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "). The Victoria and Albert Museum has a computer system", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections,", + "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "A large scale digitization project began in 2007 in that department. That project was entitled the Factory Project", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000 images", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "The second step of the Factory Project is to catalog everything", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "), William Thomas Beckford and Thomas Hope", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "cloth and wallpaper", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "the increase in tea drinking", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "entertainment and leisure", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "the growth of mass production", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "the Arts and Crafts movement", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "cut in half", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": ", friezes and tombs", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "a glass case", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "1762 by Frederick II the Great", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "Chinese and Japanese ceramics", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "The largest objects in the collection are a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": ". There is an extensive collection of Delftware produced in both Britain and Holland", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "Britain and Holland", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "4000 years", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "6000 items", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "1243\u201348", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "2,000 old master works", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "D\u00fcrer", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "14,000 outfits plus accessories", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1913", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "Harrods", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "In 2002, the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "art and furnishings", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250,000", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "Hans Vredeman de Vries", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "c1750", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "Germany", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Charles and Ray Eames", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "6000 items", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "Egypt", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "1869", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "154 gems", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": "secular and sacred", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496\u201397", + "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8 tonnes", + "5726ee28708984140094d659": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", + "5726ee28708984140094d655": "There are over 10,000 objects made from silver or gold", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "c1110", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "gilt bronze", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "St Thomas Becket", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "copper", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100 names", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "Horniman Museum", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35 instruments from the museum", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130 British and 650 European oil paintings", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "1130 British and 650 European oil paintings", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "6800 British watercolours", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "Andr\u00e9s Marzal De Sax", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "A National Gallery of British Art", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "The Hay Wain", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "contemporary British artists", + "5726f755708984140094d737": "1600\u20131800", + "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour", + "5726f755708984140094d739": "Several French paintings", + "5726f755708984140094d73a": "-", + "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "Eadweard Muybridge", + "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781 plates", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": "images of different animals and humans", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "Byzantine and Anglo Saxon ivory sculptures", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22,000 objects", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "400 AD to 1914", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "All uses of sculpture are represented, from tomb and memorial", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "National Galleries of Scotland", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Neptune and Triton", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "The Three Graces", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "Bartolomeo Bon", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": ".", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "20 works", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "-", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "museum collection", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "St John the Baptist", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Nicholas Stone", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Joseph Wilton, John Flaxman", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Joseph Wilton, John Flaxman", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "British and Europeans", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "1600 to 1950", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Tate Britain", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "western European though all populated continents are represented", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "the 1st century AD to the present", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": ".", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "the Cloth of St Gereon", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": ". A highlight of the collection is the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries, very rare 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "Both of the major English centres of tapestry weaving", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "the hunting of various animals", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": ")", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "William Morris", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "William Morris", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Serge Chermayeff", + "57270817708984140094d8c7": "Theatre Museum", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": "2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": "material about live performance in the UK", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": "Shakespeare", + "57270817708984140094d8cb": ". They hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "temperature and light", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Interventive treatment", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": ", correct packaging", + "57267b755951b619008f7433": "The Walt Disney Company", + "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", + "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", + "57267b755951b619008f7436": "on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", + "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", + "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "NBC Blue Network", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "1948", + "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "ESPN", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "television and Telecommunications Commission", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "National Broadcasting Company", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "NBC Blue and NBC Red", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": ", and to test drama series.", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "drama series", + "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "NBC Blue and NBC Red", + "572681ab708984140094c85d": "Mutual", + "572681ab708984140094c85e": "in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1940", + "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red or NBC Blue", + "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Red or NBC Blue", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "NBC Blue", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "Dillon, Read", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "David Sarnoff", + "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "5 million", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "October 12, 1943", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "president and CEO", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "June 30, 1951", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": "the Magnetophon tape recorder", + "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": "ABC became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS", + "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", + "57268739708984140094c8f1": "public service", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "155 million", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "September 8, 2007", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "ABC International", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "United States", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "In 1959, this rerun activity was completed with program syndication, with ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan and Latin America", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": ". In 1959, this rerun activity was completed with program syndication, with ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Beirut", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "Mainichi Broadcasting System", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation live due to respective issues with", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": ". Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953; CBS and NBC", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "-", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "1965", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "Tournament of Roses Parade", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1954 to 1956", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "-", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "General Hospital", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1975", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "General Hospital", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew,", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "1963", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments to provide some presence for both events on American broadcast television. ABC also carries various X Games", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "Eastern and Pacific Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "NBA games", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", + "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", + "5726e860708984140094d57a": "2 through 6", + "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", + "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108 existing television stations", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "two television stations", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "DuMont Television Network", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": ", CBS and NBC", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "United Paramount Theatres", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "Paramount Pictures", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "United Paramount Theatres", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "Prudential Insurance Company of America", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "William S. Paley", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "June 6, 1951", + "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", + "5726ed12708984140094d646": "February 9, 1953", + "5726ed12708984140094d647": "Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726ed12708984140094d648": "1501 Broadway in Manhattan", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "August 10, 1948", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "In October 1948", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "Mount Wilson", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "The Prospect Studios", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "On September 30, 1960", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "The 1960s", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "William Hanna and Joseph Barbera", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "The 1960s", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "In 1959", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "In 1959", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1985", + "572734af708984140094dae3": "its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae4": "Troika Design Group", + "572734af708984140094dae5": "dots and stripes", + "572734af708984140094dae6": "circle logo", + "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Pittard Sullivan", + "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "2015", + "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love TV", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "-", + "572736625951b619008f86d1": "1993\u201394 season", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": "1995\u201396 season", + "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": "That Special Feeling", + "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "1977", + "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "black", + "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "black", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "Paul Rand", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "ABC Radio", + "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "October 19, 2005", + "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources, Kids Communications, News Communications, Corporate Communications, and International Communications", + "57273954708984140094db05": "NBC, CBS and Fox", + "57273954708984140094db06": "Dancing with the Stars", + "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", + "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", + "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "-", + "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Michael Eisner", + "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelorette", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner Cable", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "Federal Communications Commission", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "May 2", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "The WB", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "CBS", + "57273c195951b619008f8721": "a game show", + "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television", + "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": "July 31, 1995", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": "ABC Inc", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Knight Ridder", + "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", + "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "1965\u201366 season", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "third place", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds", + "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "WABC, WABC-FM and WABC", + "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "7 West 66th Street", + "57273ef15951b619008f8753": ")) until 1946. The WJZ calls would later be reassigned to the then-ABC affiliate in Baltimore", + "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": "the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db53": "UPT and the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db54": "5 million in cash", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "The Lone Ranger", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "Warner Bros. Presents", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Roy", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Around 1954", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "a new Sunday night program, Disneyland", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": ";", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "1969", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "Duel", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "Movie of the Week", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "400,000", + "572743fb708984140094db93": "In the early 1970s", + "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC", + "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic data", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "In 1970, ABC debuted Monday Night Football as part of its Monday prime time schedule", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "NBC", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "%\u201316", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "ABC Circle Films as a production unit", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "cigarette advertising", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Henry Plitt", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "Elton Rule", + "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", + "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "Happy Days", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "program development manager", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures", + "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Silverman", + "572748745951b619008f87b3": "-", + "572748745951b619008f87b4": "November 3, 1975", + "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "president of NBC", + "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "The Bionic Woman", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "jiggle TV", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "nine seasons", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976\u201377 season", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "Soap", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "ABC Sports", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "1979", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "In June 1978", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc", + "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "ABC Cable News", + "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ABC News Now", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV and WTVG", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "WTVG", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America strike", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Duel,", + "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Disney", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "Citadel Media", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "iTunes", + "57274f07708984140094dbed": "2010", + "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", + "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Fridays", + "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Wednesdays", + "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", + "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "ABC Circle Films", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner Broadcasting System", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Selznick library", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "and WPVI", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "(or 300,794,157 Americans with at least one television set).", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "WABC-TV and WPVI", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "The network has an estimated national reach", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "the seal of the Federal Communications Commission", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "In 1957", + "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", + "57275573708984140094dc46": "Supernanny", + "57275573708984140094dc47": "HD", + "57275573708984140094dc48": "Supernanny", + "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": "720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc61": "11 other affiliates owned by various companies", + "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "Body of Proof", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "Happy Endings", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Body of Proof", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "All My Children and One Life to Live", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Hulu", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The Revolution", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "the 18\u201349 demographic", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "CBS", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "The Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "The Neighbors", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": "The Middle and Modern Family", + "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "\"", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", + "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Thomas Murphy", + "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "NYPD Blue", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "ten seasons", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "In 1993", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "DIC Entertainment", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner Cable", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23", + "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "Chicago radio station WLS", + "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "May 9, 1960", + "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", + "57275e125951b619008f88da": "Chicago radio station WLS, which had shared airtime with WENR since the 1920s.", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide World of Sports,", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "Roone Arledge", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "the American Broadcasting Companies,", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "The Dating Game,", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "The Newlywed Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "1330 Avenue of the Americas", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "Dynasty", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Dynasty", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Alpha Repertory Television Service", + "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "$25 million and $30 million) of Getty Oil", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "The Entertainment Channel", + "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "The Entertainment Channel, into a single cable channel called Arts & Entertainment Television", + "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": "chairman and CEO", + "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "465 million", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "s Funniest Home Videos", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", + "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", + "572764855951b619008f8952": "The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital", + "572764855951b619008f8953": "), the Sunday political talk show This Week, early morning news programs World News Now and America This Morning", + "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy Kimmel Live", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQP", + "57276690708984140094dd01": "ABC Circle Films", + "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd03": "The Prospect Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd04": "ABC Television Center, East", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square Studios", + "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "Good Morning America and Nightline", + "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "Peter Jennings Way", + "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "World News Tonight", + "572768d9708984140094dd13": "ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd14": "ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd15": "2009", + "572768d9708984140094dd16": "The Walt Disney Company", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": "Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8986": "eight days after their initial broadcast", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding of accessed content", + "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": ")", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN on ABC", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "All-Channel Receiver Act", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF tuning", + "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "Youngstown", + "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "five times lower viewership", + "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "WTRF", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "the 1960s", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu Productions", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "In late 1958, Desilu Productions", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "ABC Sunday Night Movie", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "5 million", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": ". To catch up, ABC followed up The Flintstones with another animated series from Hanna-Barbera", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "The Jetsons", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "April 1, 1963", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ITT to ABC management", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "United States Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "the United States Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "January 1, 1968", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "Capital Cities Communications", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "5 billion", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett, who promised that his company Berkshire Hathaway", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "Scripps Company", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12 television stations", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "ABC, Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "president of ABC Broadcasting", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Michael P", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "Roone Arledge", + "57277585708984140094de2b": "Happy Days", + "57277585708984140094de2c": "Happy Days", + "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC", + "57277585708984140094de2e": "The Love Boat", + "57277585708984140094de2f": "comedies", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "TGIF\" block (which promotions referenced stood for \"Thank Goodness It's Funny\"", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "Thank Goodness", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "'s Funny\"). Many of the series featured during the run of the block were produced by Miller-Boyett Productions, a Warner Bros", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Warner Bros", + "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "a maximum of seven radio stations nationwide", + "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Charly", + "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "ABC Pictures", + "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "ABC Motion Pictures", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "Redwood City, California", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "westerns and detective series", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "a serious contender to NBC and CBS", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie Treiz", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Dick Clark", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "counterprogramming", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": ", and its detective shows", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "Life", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": ", and its detective shows", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH ABC", + "57277af2708984140094dec4": "WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI", + "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094deda": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28 ABC affiliates", + "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "ABC News", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "ABC News", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "WWSB and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "WWSB and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "-", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": ".", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": ". These included raids or invasions of the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire, Western Xia and Jin dynasties", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "Western Xia and Jin dynasties", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "Central Asia and China", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Western Xia and Jin dynasties", + "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc27": ". His descendants extended the Mongol Empire", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "\u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "Mongolia", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "a Tatar chieftain", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "Tem\u00fclen,", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge,", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "B\u00f6rte,", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "Khongirad", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Begter", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "s mother Hoelun", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Tem\u00fcjin and his brother Khasar", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": ". Temujin's resentment erupted during one hunting excursion that Tem\u00fcjin and his brother Khasar", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "The Tayichi'ud enslaved Tem\u00fcjin (reportedly with a cangue, a", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": ")", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": ", the father of Chilaun", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "a river crevice", + "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages were often used to solidify temporary alliances", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Hoelun", + "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Chinese dynasties", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": "the need for alliances", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "Toghrul Khan of the Keraite tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "Jochi", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185\u20131226", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "three more sons", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "Chagatai", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187\u20141241", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": ")", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "The names of at least six daughters are known", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "sworn brother or blood brother", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "Toghrul,", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20,000 of his Keraite warriors", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Jamukha,", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "the traditional Mongolian aristocracy", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "Kokochu", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "In 1186", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "Battle of Dalan Balzhut", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "Qara Khitai", + "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "Yassa code", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "wealth", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "civilians and soldiers", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "wealth", + "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", + "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jamukha,", + "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha, who already opposed Tem\u00fcjin's forces; however, the internal dispute between Toghrul and Jamukha,", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Keraite tribe", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "The Naimans", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai, Jelme", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "1206", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "friendship and reunion", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": ".", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "a noble death", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "a noble death", + "5726b879708984140094cf01": "Wang Khan", + "5726b879708984140094cf02": "the tribes led by Jamukha", + "5726b879708984140094cf03": "Khasar", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": "gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals, exemplified by his extensive spy network and Yam route systems", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Wang Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Khuruldai", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Khagan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis Khan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "The Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "The commander of the Jin dynasty army", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Zhongdu", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing). This forced the Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Kuchlug,", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Liao dynasty", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20,000 soldiers", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe,", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "inciting internal revolt", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "Kashgar", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "Lake Balkhash", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": ".", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": ".", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "Muhammad", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "Mongols and a Muslim", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "10 tumens", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "the Silk Road", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "the Tien Shan", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "The third division under Genghis Khan and Tolui", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "The second division under Jebe marched secretly to the southeast part of Khwarzemia", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Genghis Khan and Tolui", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "Samarkand", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": ". This fragmentation", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Otrar", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "to divide his army into small groups", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "Subutai and Jebe", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Samarkand", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": ".", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "captured enemies as body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "pyramids of severed heads", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": ".", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "The city leaders", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "the flail of God", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": ". Survivors from the citadel were executed, artisans and craftsmen", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1223", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Jebe and Subutai", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": ". They also may have fought against the neighboring Volga Bulgars", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": ")", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "Subutai and Jebe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "Subutai and Jebe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Subutai and Jebe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "In 1225", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "1226", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": ". According to legend, it was here that Genghis Khan", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow River", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "a line of five stars arranged in the sky", + "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", + "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Ma Jianlong", + "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "arrows", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Ning Hia", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "betrayal and resistance", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "rezmid Empire by Genghis Khan, Chagatai", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "The succession of Genghis Khan was already a significant topic during the later years of his reign, as he reached old age.", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": ", \u00d6gedei", + "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Chagatai and Jochi", + "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai and Jochi", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Chagatai and Jochi", + "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Khorasan", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Sultan Muhammad", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": ". Some scholars, notably Ratchnevsky, have commented on the possibility that Jochi was secretly poisoned", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "Yinchuan, the capital of Western Xia", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "hunting or battle", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": ". According to The Secret History of the Mongols Genghis Khan fell from his horse", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Western Xia princess taken as war booty", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "Oirads", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "Years before his death, Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "Burkhan Khaldun mountain", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Onon River", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Edsen Khoroo", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "Dongshan Dafo Dian", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "Dongshan Dafo Dian", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "In 1939", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "In 1968 during the Cultural Revolution, Red Guards", + "57273581708984140094daeb": "October 6, 2004", + "57273581708984140094daec": "a river", + "57273581708984140094daed": "Gilgamesh of Uruk and Atilla the Hun", + "57273581708984140094daee": "horses", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "a civilian and military code", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "Genghis Khan and his family", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "Genghis Khan and his family", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "There were tax exemptions", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Ong Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance", + "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", + "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "Chinese", + "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "a civil state", + "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "and", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "Genghis Khan realised that he needed people who could govern cities", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "Jin dynasty", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Khitan rulers,", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali,", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "absolute trust", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "rivers", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "feigned retreat to break enemy formations and to lure small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "Genghis Khan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "1279", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "the Silk Road", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Turkey", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "meritocracy", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "Genghis Khan is credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade", + "5727404b708984140094db59": "In the early 1990s", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": "the Mongolian national identity", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": "Mongolian national identity", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": "his butchery is exaggerated, while his positive role is underrated", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": "Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "20,000 Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "There have been repeated discussions about regulating the use of his name and image", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Ikh Zasag law", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "corruption and bribery", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "Ikh Zasag law", + "57275250708984140094dc25": "Inner Mongolia", + "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", + "57275250708984140094dc27": "Kublai Khan", + "57275250708984140094dc28": "Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc29": "While Genghis Khan never conquered all of China", + "572753af708984140094dc2f": "-", + "572753af708984140094dc30": "10 to 15 million people", + "572753af708984140094dc31": "10 to 15 million people", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Hulagu Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "the Mamluks of Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Ghazan Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "In 1237", + "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "Novgorod and Pskov", + "572756715951b619008f8877": "the famous Mughal emperors", + "572756715951b619008f8878": "Genghis Khan and particularly Timur", + "572756715951b619008f8879": ".", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "tenggis,", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal and ocean", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "-spreading\". (Lake Baikal and ocean", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Chinggis", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Genghis Khan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Tem\u00fcjin is written in Chinese as simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f; traditional Chinese: \u9435\u6728\u771e", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated or only approproriate", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal health outcomes for their patients", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug treatment", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "education and training", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "the governing body for pharmacy health care professionals and this is who regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "a health care professional", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "a health care professional", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "De Materia Medica", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "respected", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "The place of pharmacists in society", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "\u2014and even pharmacist assistants", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "In the Imperial household", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Avicenna", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Avicenna", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Avicenna", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Dubrovnik", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "prescription books and antique drugs", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the use of trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "a pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": ". Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists and they often specialize in various disciplines of pharmacy", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "Because of the complexity of medications including specific indications", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": ". Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "a single dose of medicine", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": ". Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine. Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "The high cost of medications", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "The high cost of medications", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "direct patient care services", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": ". They often participate in patient care rounds drug product selection", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "The clinical pharmacist", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": ", adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "In 2011 the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approved ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": ") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "Consultant pharmacy practice", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "Consultant pharmacy practice", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "Since about the year 2000", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": ". Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": ". The primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "The primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": ")", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "In the United States, in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid, it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": ")", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": ")", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "to ensure that the prescription is valid", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "\"", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": ". There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "importation of medications from Canada", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "and health system interoperability goals", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "Specialty pharmacies", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": ".", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "\" payments. However, the American Medical Association", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent of American physicians practices", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": ". However, the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "United Kingdom", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "In some rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": ") between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "/", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "checks and balances system", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "The reason for the majority rule", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": ". The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "medication and patient education", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": ") currently being taken by an individual. The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "medication and patient education", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "reconciliation of medication and patient education", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "the Australian Government", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the mortar and pestle", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "the mortar and pestle", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "pathogens", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726e65e708984140094d540": "the blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "pathogens", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "pathogens", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "the neuroimmune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "and neutralization by the immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": ", multiple defense mechanisms", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": ". Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and invertebrates", + "5726eb785951b619008f8278": ", multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "the immune system", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": ", inflammatory diseases and cancer", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "Disorders of the immune system", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "the plague of Athens in 430 BC", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion venom", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Louis Pasteur", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever virus", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "an immunological memory,", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "The immune system", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "a second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity.", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "an immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "The immune system", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self and non-self molecules.", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "self and non-self molecules.", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": ". One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "the dominant system of host defense", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": ", and biological barriers", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "The flushing action of tears and urine", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "defensins and zinc", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": ", commensal flora", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": ". However, since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "Growth factors and cytotoxic factors", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "Phagocytes", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "a phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "engulfment of pathogens", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "The innate leukocytes", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells, or NK cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "\" antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "helper T cells and regulatory T cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC molecules", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "T cell receptor", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin,", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "an alternative T cell receptor", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma delta T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "Gamma delta T cells", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "Immunological memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "B cells and T cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "B cells and T cells", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "passive protection", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "protective passive immunity", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep deprivation", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": ". Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "cholecalciferol", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "apoptosis", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing mechanisms", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "T cells and antibodies", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self antigens", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the natural specificity of the immune system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "a type III secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the immune response by killing dividing cells such as activated T cells", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical production", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "a vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "the steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "a symbiotic relationship with vitamin D. Not only does the T-cell extend a vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1,", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "The complement system and phagocytic cells", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "Evolution of the adaptive immune system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "bacteriophages", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": ". In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": ", phagocytes \u2013", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "Type I \u2013 IV", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I hypersensitivity", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE,", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II hypersensitivity", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "A", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV,", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "Masking antigens with host molecules", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", + "572a12386aef051400155234": ", and norepinephrine", + "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", + "572a12386aef051400155236": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone", + "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1 immune responses", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "antibodies that have attached to these microbes or the binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "a rapid killing response", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "a rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": "the fight against apartheid", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Singing Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "the American Civil Rights Movement", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone,", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": ". She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone,", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "civil disobedience", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": ". She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law", + "5727213c708984140094da35": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da36": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": "a free India", + "5727213c708984140094da37": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "the unjust forms of authority", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": ". Marshall Cohen notes, \"It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": "\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": ", become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": ". Indeed, for Vice President Agnew", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "extremely difficult, if not impossible", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": ". Like Alice in Wonderland, he often finds that specific terminology has no more (or no less) meaning", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "(", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "terminology", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "lawful protest demonstration", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": "Civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": ".", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": "s relation to the state and its laws", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "a constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": ".", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "The individual", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "only justified against governmental entities", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "entities", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "entities", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": ".", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": "public civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": "covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": "the Book of Exodus", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "It is usually recognized that lawbreaking, if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "covert lawbreaking", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "-", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Book of Exodus", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "force and violence", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": ".", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": ". It has been argued that, while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": ". It has been argued that, while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": ". It has been argued that, while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "refusal to submit to arrest", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "refusal to submit to arrest", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "\" but holds that they do not have to be non-violent.", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "the Hungarians", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "a simple disobedience of laws", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "572822233acd2414000df555": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience", + "572822233acd2414000df556": ". This is a form of jail solidarity", + "572822233acd2414000df557": "The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.", + "572822233acd2414000df558": ". This is a form of jail solidarity", + "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. This is a form of jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "This is a form of jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "This is a form of jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "of", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "a variety of different illegal acts", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "a propaganda purpose", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": ")-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "illegal acts", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "civil disobedience", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "illegal acts", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": ".\" Bedau also notes, though, that the very harmlessness of such entirely symbolic illegal protests toward public policy goals", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "Threatening government officials", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Wise up or die", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "pure speech", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "civil disobedience", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "pure speech", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "pure speech", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "civil disobedience", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "Some forms of civil disobedience", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "civil disobedience", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "civil disobedience", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "limited coercion", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "civil disobedience", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "civil disobedience", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "talking to criminal investigators", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "a fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "and whether or not to talk to police officers", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "--", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": ".", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": ". Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": ".", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": ". Other civil disobedients who favor the existence of government", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "a violation of criminal law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "I am guilty of doing no wrong", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "A plea of no contest", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "arrest", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "arrest", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended sentences", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "There may be many times when protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "...In particular, the neo-", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "as a way of continuing their protest", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "a plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "pleading guilty", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "a plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "a plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "an acquittal", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "A technical defense", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "Vietnam War", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "A technical defense", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "the Vietnam War", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "incapacitation and deterrence", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": "] design, and financing", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", + "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager", + "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": ", effective planning", + "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": ", the environmental impact of the job", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "infrastructure and industrial", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy civil or heavy engineering", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy civil or heavy engineering", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "heavy and civil engineering construction", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "construction service firms", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": ", the owner of the property", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "brick versus stone, versus timber", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "a lot of waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Residential construction", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres (6 ft 7 in", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings,", + "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": ". Under this system, once the design is completed by the design team, a number of construction companies or construction management companies", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "design build", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration, including design-build, partnering and construction management", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "engineers and constructors", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "partnering and construction management", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "Cash flow problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Financial planning for the project", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "Financial planning for the project", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Financial planning for the project", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Cost engineers and estimators", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders or project changes", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider.", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "A construction project", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "partnering such as Public-Private Partnering", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "partnering", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting", + "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8854": ". In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", + "572753335951b619008f8855": "client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8856": ". In this arrangement, the architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner selects the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors working together", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "Before the foundation can be dug, contractors", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "960 billion in annual revenue", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10 employees", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000 women were employed in the construction industry", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "$100,000 annually, depending on their trade", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": ". Other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry include electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": ". Other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "tuition", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "the right to select their students", + "57274712708984140094dbad": "Annual tuition fees", + "57274712708984140094dbae": "universities and other tertiary institutions", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": "Australia and Canada", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "The secondary level", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "the best teachers", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Religiously affiliated and denominational schools", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Religiously affiliated and denominational schools", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "Religiously affiliated and denominational schools form a subcategory of private schools. Some such schools teach religious education", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "expulsion", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "Private schools in Australia are always more expensive than their public counterparts", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": ") and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, as well as Loreto Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "Gleichschaltung", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "8% (including rise from 0.5% to 6.1% in the former GDR). Percent of students in private high schools", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "Percent of students in private high schools", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": ".", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen are ordinary primary or secondary schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "-called Sonderungsverbot). Therefore, most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "Most of these schools are vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "an unaided independent school", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "the CBSE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "CBSE and the CISCE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government and the state governments", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "trusts and societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "Recognition", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": ". If the school wishes to employ extra teachers they are paid for with school fees", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac25,000 per year. The fee-paying schools are usually run by a religious order, i.e.", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "the Society of Jesus", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese as the medium of instruction", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "Chinese as the medium of instruction", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type schools", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups.", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "The standard and the quality of education is quite high", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88 private schools in New Zealand", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88 private schools in New Zealand", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "28,000 students", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic school system", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Society of St Pius X", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": ".5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80% of tertiary enrollment", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": ".5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80% of tertiary enrollment", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": "English, mathematics and natural science", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Education Service Contracting scheme", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": "The Tuition Fee Supplement", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools", + "57275409708984140094dc35": "government schools formerly reserved for white children", + "57275409708984140094dc36": "These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups", + "57275409708984140094dc37": "compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "In Sweden, pupils are free to choose a private school", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School\u201d", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "school voucher model", + "572756265951b619008f886d": "13 years old", + "572756265951b619008f886e": "Private schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent", + "572756265951b619008f8870": "13 per cent", + "572756265951b619008f8871": ",000 and above per year", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "segregation academies", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": ".", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white students", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": ". South, many white students", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": ", endowments, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", + "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", + "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": "510", + "572759665951b619008f8887": "McCrary", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000 for boarding schools", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000 for boarding schools.", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "$50,000 for boarding schools. However, tuition did not cover operating expenses", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "Harvard College", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "the Association of American Universities", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million volumes", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": ", several foreign heads of state", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": ", 18 Fields Medalists and 13 Turing Award winners", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Cambridge", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "6 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "the Charles River", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven separate academic units", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard Corporation", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "In 1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "In 1639", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan ministers", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "James Bryant Conant", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "Report,", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "Women remained segregated at Radcliffe", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "Women remained segregated at Radcliffe", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "Cambridge", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "Sever Hall and University Hall", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "or near the Charles River", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "a mile northwest of the Yard", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "The Harvard Business School", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "a shuttle service and/or a tram", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000 graduate students", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "The school color is crimson", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million available for disbursement", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "159 million for students", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "230 million", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "230 million", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "Undergraduate admission to Harvard", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "Undergraduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven classes outside of their concentration", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "a semester calendar", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "-May. Undergraduates typically take four half-courses per term and must maintain a four-course rate average", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000,", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "$38,000,", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "414 million", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "414 million", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library in Harvard Yard", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Lamont Library, and Widener Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million volumes", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "for students and parents", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "Ivy League", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "The Game,", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "In 1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale football team", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": ", three weight rooms, and a three-court gym floor to play basketball. The MAC offers personal trainers and specialty classes.", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "the Thames River", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "-", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Barack Obama", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Benjamin Netanyahu", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": ".", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "Du Bois", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": ".", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596 in 2010.", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "the largest city by population", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles (550 km", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "the Timucua people", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "two United States Navy bases", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two United States Navy bases", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years.", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo,", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "The location of Fort Caroline", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "the French and Indian War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "Spain ceded Florida to the British", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "Wacca Pilatka", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Union and Confederate forces", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "the Battle of Olustee resulting in a Confederate victory", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "the Battle of Cedar Creek", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": ". In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000 buildings", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "declare martial law", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent film", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Hollywood as a major film production center", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "The construction of highways", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "Hispanic white", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "the government of the city of Jacksonville", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": ".", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": ". In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": ",", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": "through the traditional old boy network", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Jacksonville Consolidation", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "The Better Jacksonville Plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "The Better Jacksonville Plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "sales tax", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": ".", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "The Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": ") is land and ; 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km2", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", + "572821274b864d1900164510": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", + "572821274b864d1900164511": "the Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164512": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", + "572821274b864d1900164513": "42 floors", + "572821274b864d1900164514": "the Bank of America Tower", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "a humid subtropical climate", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "and hot and humid weather", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "and hot and humid weather", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "a humid subtropical climate", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "82 F in July", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "High heat indices", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "High heat indices", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "82 F in July", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Tropical Storm Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Category 2", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": "Tropical Storm Fay", + "572826634b864d19001645be": "Filipino American community", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": "25,033", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": "-", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "273 households", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "-families.", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": ". For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "3 males", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "the 62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth as the poorer half of the global population combined", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "the 62 wealthiest individuals", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "adding up assets and subtracting debts", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": ".", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "$759,900.", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "assets and subtracting debts", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half of the global wealth", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "due to a greater tendency to take on debts", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "the top 400 richest Americans", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "PolitiFact", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "more wealth than half of all Americans combined", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"over 60 percent\"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "PolitiFact", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by labor", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Within labor income distribution", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "the productivity gap", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "The substitution of capital equipment for labor", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "The substitution of capital equipment for labor", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "The substitution of capital equipment for labor", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "). This process exerts a downward pressure on wages. The substitution of capital equipment for labor", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "The substitution of capital equipment for labor", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "stagnant wages", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "stagnant wages for the working class", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "Wages", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the law of supply and demand", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "Employers who offer a below market wage", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "professional and labor organizations", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "Under the law of supply and demand", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "professional and labor organizations", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": ". Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "Wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "Markets", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition amongst workers", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "a low wage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "a low wage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": ". Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "Competition amongst employers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "a low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "Competition amongst workers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "Competition amongst employers tends to drive up wages", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "Competition amongst employers tends to drive up wages", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "\")", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "income for food and shelter", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "\")", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": ", higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "necessity rather than opportunity", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\"", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "necessity rather than opportunity", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": ", higher economic inequality", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": ". In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": ".", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "A progressive tax", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases. In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": ". In a progressive tax system", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "the Gini index after taxation", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "Education", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "income inequality", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": ".", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "Education", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": "Education", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages for those with this education, however, increases in education first increase and then decrease growth as well as income inequality", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": ". As a result, those who are unable to afford an education, or choose not to pursue optional education, generally receive much lower wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": "Education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "105 billion", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "slow growth", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "-and-", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "In 2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "In 2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "slow growth", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": ". This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "a decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": ". This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": ". At the same time, the available evidence provides little support for the view that U.S.", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": ".", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes.", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "a lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries for which data is available.", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": ".\"", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "\"", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "the decline of organized labor", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": "the decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": "\"", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "Trade liberalization", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "technological innovation and automation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "-", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "Trade liberalization", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "Trade liberalization", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "Trade liberalization", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "Gender pay gap", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "Gender pay gap", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "Several factors other than discrimination", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "Several factors other than discrimination", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender pay gap", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "Several factors other than discrimination", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": ".", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "a difference in earnings between women and men", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": ".", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": ". As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": ".", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development.", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "economic inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": ". As a country develops, it acquires more capital", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "economic inequality", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": ".", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": ".", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": ".", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": ".[citation needed] This implies that it may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in effect at any given time.", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "that income inequality will eventually decrease given time", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "Wealth concentration", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "Wealth concentration", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "Wealth concentration", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "Wealth concentration", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "Wealth concentration", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "Wealth concentration", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "\". While the market will bid up compensation for rare and desired skills to reward wealth creation, greater productivity, etc.", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired skills", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power generated by wealth", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "grabbing a larger share of the wealth", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "and lower rates of social goods", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "health and social problems", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "counting each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "Increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "Increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "High and persistent unemployment", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "-esteem promoting social dis", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": "US and UK", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "and lower rates of social goods", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "health and social problems", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": ".", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "inequality", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": ". This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "80 years", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "income inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality in society", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": ".", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "There have been over fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger.", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "a tenfold difference in homicide rates related to inequality", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "the greatest good for the greatest number", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "the greatest good for the greatest number", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "the marginal utility of wealth per person (\"the additional dollar", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption, rather than income", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Conservative", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Edsall", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit to the lower and middle income earners \u2013 particularly to buy homes \u2013 and easier credit", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "). High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth.", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": ", increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "and persistent unemployment", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "both global inequality and inequality within countries", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality within countries", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "the increasing importance of human capital in development", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "global inequality and inequality within countries", + "572a11663f37b31900478693": "In 1993", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": "a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": ". A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": ". He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": "\". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": ". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "the balancing of economic growth", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": "\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": ". A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": ".", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": ". In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "60 years to achieve the same reduction", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "the United Nations", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "In many poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": ".", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200 steps and up to 14 years", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing \u2013", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": ". David Rodda noted that from 1984 and 1991, the number of quality rental units decreased as the demand for higher quality housing increased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "the demand for higher quality housing increased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "income inequality", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "The ad valorem property tax policy combined with rising prices", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "Firstly, certain costs are difficult to avoid and are shared by everyone", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": ", certain costs are difficult to avoid and are shared by everyone, such as the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "economic instability", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "The smaller the economic inequality", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "waste and pollution", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "The smaller the economic inequality", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "the vast disparities in wealth", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "a wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": ".", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "government redistributes wealth by force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "A Theory of Justice that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are only justified when they improve society as a whole", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "capability deprivation\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "income inequality and poverty", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "income inequality and poverty", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": ".", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "earning as much income", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": ".", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "BBC", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": ".", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "a blue British police box", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "a blue British police box", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": ".", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "); and a single pilot episode of K-9 and Company", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "BBC Wales", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve actors", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "The Time of the Doctor", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "The Time of the Doctor", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "The transition from one actor to another", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": ", new personality", + "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Gallifrey", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "Mark I Type 40 TARDIS \u2013", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Time and Relative Dimension in Space", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "the chameleon circuit", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": ". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS \u2013 \"Time and Relative Dimension in Space", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": ". As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "His companions are usually humans", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures.", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "the Daleks and Thals", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": ":", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Newman and Wilson", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes of transmission length", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26 seasons", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell, controller of BBC 1", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": ". Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "BBC 1", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "Philip Segal", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "Philip Segal", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "Fox Network", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "1 million viewers", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": ".1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Chris Chibnall", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "and Christmas Day specials", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1963\u20131989 series", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "1996", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30 November 1963", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "ten minutes", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "extended news coverage of the assassination", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "extended news coverage of the assassination", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "Museum of the Moving Image", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest TV show of all time", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "Doctor Who", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Philip Howard", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "Monopoly", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "The Times newspaper", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "The image of the TARDIS", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "a police box", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "a police box as a time machine", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "the Metropolitan Police Authority", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "2002", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26 seasons", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12 episodes", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "The Master", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", + "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "60 minutes", + "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The Eleventh Hour", + "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "2010", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25-minute episodes", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "60 to 75 minutes", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "72 minutes", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1080i", + "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", + "572803493acd2414000df22a": "97", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": "seasons 3, 4,", + "572803493acd2414000df22c": "1978", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": "1964 and 1973", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "Some episodes have been returned to the BBC", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "BBC", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8 mm cine film", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "Audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist from home viewers who made tape recordings", + "572805363acd2414000df26d": "The BBC", + "572805363acd2414000df26e": "Cosgrove Hall", + "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", + "572805363acd2414000df270": "Cosgrove Hall", + "572805363acd2414000df271": "The BBC", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "change of appearance", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "William Hartnell", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "the recasting of the main character", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "the recasting of the main character", + "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12 times", + "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "13 incarnations", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The Time of the Doctor", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", + "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "1996", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt", + "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "The Day of the Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "McGann and Eccleston", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "the War Doctor", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "The Name of the Doctor", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "and the Eleventh Doctor", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "Day of the Daleks", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "The Day of the Doctor", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "The Sirens of Time", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": ".", + "57280e323acd2414000df349": "The Time of the Doctor,", + "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "The Brain of Morbius", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead", + "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "The Time of the Doctor", + "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1983", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "\"", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "a father and a grandfather", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Smith and Jones", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "a human \u2013", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The Deadly Assassin", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The companion figure", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "moral duty", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Romana", + "572811434b864d190016438c": "a primary female companion", + "572811434b864d190016438d": "Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", + "572811434b864d190016438e": "The Eleventh Doctor became the first to travel with a married couple, Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) and Rory Williams", + "572811434b864d190016438f": "Pearl Mackie", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "1", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "the Macra and the Master in series 3, the Sontarans and Davros", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "Macra and the Master in series 3", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Zygons", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Skaro", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "the Time War", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "their eyestalk", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "Professor Moriarty", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "Professor Moriarty", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Roger Delgado", + "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "John Simm", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia", + "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "2014", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", + "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Michelle Gomez", + "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": "BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te", + "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979\u201380", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "Dominic Glynn", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "the Seventh Doctor", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Murray Gold provided a new arrangement", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "The Christmas Invasion", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "A new arrangement of the theme, once again by Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "A new arrangement of the theme", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "228", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "Gold", + "572819864b864d190016447e": "Who Is the Doctor", + "572819864b864d190016447f": "Mankind", + "572819864b864d1900164480": "24 in the UK charts", + "572819864b864d1900164481": "The Timelords", + "572819864b864d1900164482": "The Timelords", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Planet of Giants", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years", + "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "The Tomorrow People", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "Music hall conductor", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "the BBC National Orchestra of Wales", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "the BBC National Orchestra of Wales", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "27 July 2008", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music of the Spheres", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six soundtrack releases", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "the third and fourth series", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": ". The fourth was released on 4 October 2010 as a two disc special edition and contained music from the 2008\u20132010 specials", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "8 November 2010", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The original logo used for the First Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "The logo used for the Eleventh Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "Doctor Who logo", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "The logo from 1973\u201380", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": ")", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "the assassination", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "BBC One", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": ". The second was the late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "1964\u20131965", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC One", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "16 million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "(the third notable period of high ratings), it has consistently had high viewership levels", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "Coronation Street", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "three to five million viewers", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "During the ITV network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16 million", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "PBS", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "TVNZ in New Zealand", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "channels other than BBC One", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "15 days", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "23 November", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "The Five Doctors", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": ") since January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation", + "572825714b864d1900164590": "1976", + "572825714b864d1900164591": "The Three Doctors", + "572825714b864d1900164592": "Space", + "572825714b864d1900164593": "TVOntario", + "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9 October 2006", + "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "Thanksgiving", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "Canada and the United States", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "The Infinite Quest", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "Spearhead from Space", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "Only the series from 2009 onwards", + "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "The Curse of the Daleks", + "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor Who and the Daleks", + "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "2008", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Children of Earth", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "Miracle Day", + "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", + "57282f204b864d190016468b": "24 September 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": ".", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": "Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor", + "57282f204b864d190016468e": "the death of Elisabeth Sladen in early 2011", + "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "Dimensions in Time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "Children in Need", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "glasses with one darkened lens", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": ", Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death", + "572831512ca10214002da04b": "four segments", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Rowan Atkinson", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Rowan Atkinson", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": "head writer and executive producer", + "572833662ca10214002da086": "The Neutral Zone", + "572833662ca10214002da087": "Blue Harvest", + "572833662ca10214002da088": "Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Brisingr and High Wizardry", + "572834524b864d1900164716": "The Chase", + "572834524b864d1900164717": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons", + "572834524b864d1900164718": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor", + "572834524b864d1900164719": "1981", + "572834524b864d190016471a": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor", + "572835854b864d190016472e": "Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572835854b864d190016472f": "Destiny of the Doctor", + "572835854b864d1900164730": "Big Finish Productions", + "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", + "572835854b864d1900164732": "Since 1999, Big Finish Productions", + "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": "1979", + "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", + "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "BBC Television in the early 1960s", + "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": ".", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "the BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea.", + "572838323acd2414000df737": "the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df739": "In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor", + "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Michelle Gomez", + "572838323acd2414000df73b": "Best Supporting Actress", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music", + "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", + "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "Season 11", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "Best Popular Drama", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "\"Best Popular Drama", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "Best Popular Drama", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "six times", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "200 awards", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Matt Smith", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "The Waters of Mars", + "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Spike Milligan", + "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Spike Milligan", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": "a soap sponge", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "Doctor Who", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": ") and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "a private research university in Chicago", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "Pritzker School of Medicine", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory.", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Stagg Field", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "the University of Chicago Press", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall,", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "100,000", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "The University of Chicago", + "572843304b864d1900164848": "Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University", + "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", + "572843304b864d190016484a": "twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago", + "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", + "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "In 1929", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "In the early 1950s", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": ". During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "examinations and courses", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "200 million", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "The Main Quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": ". The Main Quadrangles consist of six quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry Ives Cobb", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": "After the 1940s", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Harris School of Public Policy Studies", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "The University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "the Seine", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "The Board of Trustees", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50 members including the university President", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "Directors of Argonne National Laboratory and Fermilab", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", + "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "research and seven professional schools", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": ", four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "and the New Collegiate Division", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": ". The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Common Core", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17 students", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "the most rigorous, intense learning experience", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are known for their demanding standards, heavy workload and academic difficulty", + "572855973acd2414000df925": "the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", + "572855973acd2414000df927": "and four public charter schools", + "572855973acd2414000df928": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs", + "572855973acd2414000df929": "the University of Chicago campus", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six libraries", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": "8 million volumes", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library,", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": "3 million volumes", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12 research institutes and 113 research centers", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes and 113 research centers", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute\u2014", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Argonne National Laboratory", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": ", music, and art history", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", + "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792 students", + "572863363acd2414000df986": "5,792 students", + "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,792 students", + "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792 students", + "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": "the University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": "Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "the Big Ten Conference", + "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "). The university was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "the University of Chicago College Bowl Team", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Weekly", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "The University of Chicago Student Government", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "Administration and the other for Student Life", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "2 million", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "seven sororities", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities", + "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Every May", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "Every May", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Jon Corzine", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", + "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Ramsey Clark", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Saul Bellow", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Katherine Dunham", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan, a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life, and Edwin Hubble", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "Edwin Hubble", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "Richard Hamming", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Milton Friedman", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Huntington", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi", + "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Enrico Fermi", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Steven Levitt", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": "the Mongol Empire", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": "the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "In 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Commentaries on the Classic of Changes", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Dai \u00d6n Ulus", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan Great Mongol State", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "Genghis Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "Genghis Khan", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Liu Heima and Shi Tianze", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Xiao Zhala", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze, Liu Heima", + "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000 troops", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "3 Khitan Tumens", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song dynasty", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "China", + "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "Korea", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "Wonjong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "The hostile but weakened Song dynasty", + "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties unchanged", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "the Han Chinese", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "four, classes", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum in Mongolia", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Khanbaliq", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural growth", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo,", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "The last Song emperor drowned", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "ge", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "\". Annam, Burma, and Champa recognized Mongol hege", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Annam, Champa", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "the Mongol invasion of the Song", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1282", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "his eldest son, Zhenjin,", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": ". He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "the Department of State Affairs", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313 the traditional imperial examinations were reintroduced for prospective officials, testing their knowledge on significant historical works", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"), a huge collection of codes and regulations of the Yuan dynasty", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu in 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "the War of the Two Capitals", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Emperor Wenzong", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "the nine successors of Kublai Khan", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties", + "572872822ca10214002da374": "famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da375": "Gradually, they lost influence in China", + "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": "famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da378": "the army and the populace", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "betrayal", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": ". In 1354, when Toghtogha led a large army to crush the Red Turban rebels, Toghun Tem\u00fcr", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "The political unity of China and much of central Asia", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "The political unity of China and much of central Asia", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "Eastern crops", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": "geography, and scientific education", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "the Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": ". Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "The city of Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": ". In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "the Eternal Heaven,", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "a period of foreign domination", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "The system of bureaucracy", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "tripartite division of authority", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "central and local government institutions", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": ". For example, the authority of the Yuan legal system, the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Mongols and Semuren", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages,", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": ".", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "a Tangut concubine", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Wenzong", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "The Mongols practiced debt slavery", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": ". One of the important cultural developments during the Yuan era was the consolidation of poetry, painting, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "China", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "the qu,", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": ".", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya sect", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "a method of elimination", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "mathematics to the construction of calendars", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "Arabic numerals", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", + "572881022ca10214002da416": "and traditional Mongol shamans", + "572881022ca10214002da417": "Mongol shamanism", + "572881022ca10214002da418": ". The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies", + "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": "The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": "drugs and elixirs", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "and wuxing", + "572882242ca10214002da420": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", + "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", + "572882242ca10214002da422": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", + "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572882242ca10214002da424": "In 1273", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "the bark of mulberry trees", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks to print paper money", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols and Tartars", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "Politically", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "The Mongols and Semuren", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese and Khitans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "and Samarqand", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay (Khitan", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "Halal slaughter", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Halal slaughter", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "The Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "a Chinese surname", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "The Muslims in the semu class", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "rich and well socially standing Chinese", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "\" for this system was misleading and that the position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power and wealth", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing Chinese", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "\" to which they were entitled institutionally and legally, so a person's standing within the classes", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "and Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": ".", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Uighur King of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": ".", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "the East African Community", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Nairobi", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Tanzania", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million people", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "a warm and humid tropical climate", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Somalia and Ethiopia", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "a warm and humid tropical climate", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "Lower Paleolithic period", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "By the first millennium AD", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "The African Great Lakes region", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "1963", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "both Kenia and Kegnia", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "Kenia and Kegnia", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Ludwig Krapf", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1862", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five\" game animals of Africa", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "game animals of Africa", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Kenya and in the Masai Mara", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "June and September", + "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154921": ") and Homo erectus", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Richard Leakey", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": ") and Homo erectus (1.8 million to 350,000 years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Duarte Barbosa claimed that \"Mombasa is a place of great traffic", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "City of Malindi", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi", + "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "1914", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "German East Africa", + "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow", + "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "guerrilla warfare", + "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia", + "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "The central highlands", + "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "The central highlands", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": ". To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee", + "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80,000 white settlers", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24 April 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686 Mau Mau", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "the Swynnerton Plan", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Kenya African National Union", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "The United Kingdom ceded sovereignty over the Colony of Kenya", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": ". Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name \"Republic of Kenya\".", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya", + "572909406aef0514001549dc": "The election held in 1988", + "572909406aef0514001549dd": "constitutional reform. Several contentious clauses, including one that allowed for only one political party", + "572909406aef0514001549de": "Daniel arap Moi", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "Executive power is exercised by the government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "the head of state and head of government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "The President is both the head of state and head of government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "National Assembly and the Senate", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Executive power is exercised by the government", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "Corruption Perception Index", + "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "Party of National Unity", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "In the Presidential elections", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Raila Odinga and Kibaki", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "Dialogue and Reconciliation", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "Dialogue and Reconciliation", + "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "until the end of the current Parliament", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "The new office of the PM will have power and authority", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "PNU and ODM", + "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "Harambee House", + "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29 February 2008", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "The new office of the PM", + "572913626aef051400154a30": "A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister", + "572913626aef051400154a31": "A referendum to vote on the proposed constitution was held on 4 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a32": "A constitutional change", + "572913626aef051400154a33": "27 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a34": ". The event was attended by various African leaders and praised by the international community. As of that day, the new constitution heralding the Second Republic", + "572914441d04691400779025": "In December 2014", + "572914441d04691400779026": "Security Laws Amendment Bill", + "572914441d04691400779027": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups", + "572914441d04691400779028": "In December 2014", + "572914441d04691400779029": "Security Laws Amendment Bill", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": "US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country", + "572914f46aef051400154a47": "US President Barack Obama", + "572914f46aef051400154a48": "China", + "572914f46aef051400154a49": "In July 2015 Obama visited Kenya, as the first American president to visit the country while in office.", + "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions", + "572915621d04691400779030": "peacekeeping", + "572915621d04691400779031": "allegations of human rights violations", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": "recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": "recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers. Further, the wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement have been publicly questioned.", + "572916f16aef051400154a56": "519", + "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa, and has an affluent urban minority", + "572916f16aef051400154a58": "$1.25 a day", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": "a frontier market or occasionally an emerging market", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": "tremendous growth in the service sector", + "572917743f37b3190047800f": "com", + "572917743f37b31900478010": "Industry and manufacturing", + "572917743f37b3190047800e": "A small portion of the population relies on food aid", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": ", is dominated by tourism", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "The tourism sector", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "-up in the country's economic growth. Tourism is now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector,", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "The tourism sector", + "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany and the United Kingdom", + "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "Horticultural produce and tea", + "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "Horticultural produce and tea", + "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": ". The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee. Horticultural produce and tea", + "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "ICRISAT", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "The commercialisation of the pigeon pea", + "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "The commercialisation of the pigeon pea", + "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "The commercialisation of the pigeon pea", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "The commercialisation of the pigeon pea", + "57291b461d04691400779049": "-", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat", + "57291b461d0469140077904b": ". Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east", + "57291b461d0469140077904c": "), a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid. Poor roads, an inadequate railway network, under-", + "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Kenyans for Kenya", + "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", + "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Mombasa and Kisumu", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": "manufacturing of household goods", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "African Growth and Opportunity Act", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "Kenya Electricity Generating Company", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "Tana River", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "Kenya Power Company", + "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion barrels", + "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves", + "57291f153f37b31900478046": "Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "474 million", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "$474 million", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "support from China", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "Kilifi", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "environmental and social problems", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "climate change", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "a National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "'. At the launch in March 2013, the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030", + "572920d73f37b31900478055": "Most working children are active in agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478056": "Child labour is common in Kenya. Most working children are active in agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9\u201318", + "572920d73f37b31900478058": "The causes of child labour include poverty, the lack of access to education and weak government institutions", + "572921646aef051400154a78": "English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a79": "English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": "The two official languages, English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7b": "English and Swahili", + "572922206aef051400154a8a": "The Presbyterian Church of East Africa", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": "The Presbyterian Church of East Africa", + "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3 million followers", + "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", + "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": ", and nonreligious", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region, comprising 50% of the total population there.", + "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Christian", + "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "Indian origin", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": "clinical officers, medical officers and medical practitioners", + "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country; 8,600 clinical officers and 7,000 doctors for the population of 43 million people", + "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "7,000 doctors", + "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", + "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", + "572925491d046914007790c5": "Diseases of poverty", + "572925491d046914007790c6": "Diseases of poverty", + "572925491d046914007790c7": "Kenya had an estimated 15 million cases of malaria", + "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", + "572925a81d046914007790ce": "1964 and 1985", + "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Ominde Commission", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": ". The commission focused on identity and unity", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": "7\u20134\u20132\u20133", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": "the reforming of the entire education system", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": "an 8\u20134\u20134 system (eight years in primary, four years in secondary, and four years in university education", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": "an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1992", + "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", + "572926653f37b3190047807a": "vocational subjects", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": "8\u20134\u20134", + "572926653f37b3190047807c": "2003", + "572926653f37b3190047807d": "8\u20134\u20134", + "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six years", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": "Basic formal education", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": "Basic formal education", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": "a polytechnic or other technical college", + "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "s literacy level", + "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "three to five", + "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), which determines those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": "those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training", + "5729276c1d046914007790db": "Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": "National and Public Library Services", + "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "a peoples university", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "A public library is seen as a peoples university", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "athletics", + "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin", + "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Morocco and Ethiopia", + "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", + "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af4": ". Most of these defections occur because of economic or financial factors", + "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "volleyball", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "2003 tournament", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "March 2007", + "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Safari Rally", + "57292994af94a219006aa132": "the world famous Safari Rally", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae", + "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three meals in a day", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "tea or porridge", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "tea or porridge", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": "WMO and UNEP", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": "the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean economist", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "Each chapter has a number of authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "Each chapter has a number of authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "The coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "the Working Group chairs", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": "increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface.", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": ". The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": "3 \u00b0C", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": "3 \u00b0C per decade", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "In 2001", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16 national science academies", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science,", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": ")", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "8 \u00b0C", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "WGI Summary for Policymakers", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton,", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": ". Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "'s governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "IPCC Assessment Reports", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "In the year 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "In the year 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", + "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", + "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": "default emission factors, which are factors used to derive emissions estimates", + "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": "The date of 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": "The date of 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": "The date of 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": "The date of 2035", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": "Former IPCC chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": "Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson has said \"The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious", + "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": "climate change", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": "\" and the IPCC had investigated the other alleged mistakes, which were \"generally unfounded and", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": "The third assessment report", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": ".", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Science and Environmental Policy Project", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "On 23 June 2005", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "the divergence problem", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", + "572945b11d04691400779230": ". The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779231": ". The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779232": ". The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572949306aef051400154c68": "9\u201388 cm", + "572949306aef051400154c69": "9\u201388 cm", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": "9\u201388 cm", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC consensus approach", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "The IPCC process on climate change", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Ozone depletion and global warming", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": ". However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "the IPCC", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": "all contributing or lead IPCC report authors", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "a range of new organizational options", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": ", five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": "photosynthesis", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": "ATP and NADPH", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": "ATP and NADPH", + "572953013f37b31900478250": "the Calvin cycle", + "572953013f37b31900478251": "1 in algae up to 100", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division", + "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "environmental factors like light color and intensity", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "a photosynthetic cyanobacterium", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division", + "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": ".", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": ".", + "572956c86aef051400154d1d": ".", + "572956c86aef051400154d1e": ".", + "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d0": ".", + "572957361d046914007792d2": "two cell membranes", + "572957361d046914007792d3": "a peptidoglycan cell wall", + "572957361d046914007792d1": "the ancestors of chloroplasts", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "an early eukaryotic cell,", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": "Somewhere around a billion years ago", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": "the outer and inner membranes", + "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "the phagosomal membrane", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated, and many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "primary chloroplasts", + "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "All primary chloroplasts", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "red algal chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "primary chloroplasts", + "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "the green chloroplast lineage", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "The glaucophyte chloroplast group", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "Glaucophyte chloroplasts", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "a carboxysome", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "an icosahedral structure", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": "chlorophyll a and phycobilins", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": "chlorophyll a", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": ". The red phycoerytherin pigment", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": ". The red phycoerytherin pigment", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": "starch", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "chlorophyll b", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "Most green chloroplasts", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "an intermembrane space", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "chloroplast division instead", + "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "chlorophyll b", + "572961f61d04691400779359": "a double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": "a double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935b": "a double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": "a double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935d": ". The engulfed alga was broken down, leaving only its chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": ". Euglenophyte chloroplasts have three membranes", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": "common flagellated protists", + "572962953f37b319004782f7": "groups of three", + "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": "three membranes\u2014", + "572963221d04691400779385": "Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads", + "572963221d04691400779386": "Cryptophyte chloroplasts", + "572963221d04691400779387": "a nucleomorph", + "572963221d04691400779388": ". They synthesize ordinary starch", + "572963221d04691400779389": "Inside cryptophyte chloroplasts is a pyrenoid and thylakoids in stacks of two", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": "another group of chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": "another group of chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd4": "Plasmodium, the malaria parasite", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": "a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", + "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids, isopentenyl pyrophosphate", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": ". The most important apicoplast function is isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", + "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four membranes", + "572965566aef051400154e00": "chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2", + "572965566aef051400154e01": "-", + "572965566aef051400154e02": "Starch is found outside the chloroplast", + "572965566aef051400154e03": "chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four membranes", + "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "a six membraned chloroplast", + "572966626aef051400154e13": "a cryptophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e14": "nucleomorph and outermost two membranes", + "572966626aef051400154e12": "phycobilin", + "572966626aef051400154e15": "nucleomorph and outermost two membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": ", red algal derived chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "five membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": ", red algal derived chloroplasts", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": ", red algal derived chloroplasts", + "572967e31d046914007793b1": "the dinophyte nucleus", + "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium viride", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": "The chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": "a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b5": "Lepidodinium viride", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "-", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "Chromatophores have transferred much less of their DNA to the nucleus of their host", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "a million base pairs long", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "850 protein encoding genes", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "a million base pairs long", + "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA, or cpDNA", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "ctDNA", + "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "It is also known as the plastome", + "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "liverwort and tobacco", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "The inverted repeat regions", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "direct repeats", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "ilize the rest of the chloroplast genome", + "572969f51d046914007793dd": "electron microscopy", + "572969f51d046914007793de": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication has not been conclusively determined, but two main models have been proposed", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": "double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793df": "a double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": "a rolling circle mechanism", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "A \u2192 G deamination gradients", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "A \u2192 G deamination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "mologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": ". When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded, and thus at risk for A \u2192 G deamination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "mo", + "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "homologous recombination", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": ". If the branched and complex structures seen in cpDNA experiments are real and not artifacts of concatenated circular DNA or broken circles", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "a D loop mechanism", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "a D loop mechanism", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", + "57296b151d046914007793f3": "a red algal derived chloroplast", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": "a red algal derived chloroplast", + "57296bf96aef051400154e52": ". Many became exaptations", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "Many became exaptations", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": ", protein routing, and even disease resistance", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "the cell membrane,", + "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome in the cytosol", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "a ribosome in the cytosol", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "(", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "Phosphorylation", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": "5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": "5\u20138 \u03bcm", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": "a net", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": ", a cup", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": ". The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "the outer and inner chloroplast membranes", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "the mitochondrial double membrane", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "ATP energy", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "The chloroplast double membrane", + "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "The chloroplast double membrane", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "The chloroplast membrane", + "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "-containing tubule. Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts", + "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "-containing tubule. Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "Some chloroplasts", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "Some chloroplasts", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "and vesicles", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum.", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "the thylakoids and intermembrane space", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": "translation initiation", + "57296eb01d04691400779436": "25 nm", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": "25 nm", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": "Small subunit ribosomal RNAs", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": "Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": ".", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": ")), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360 nanometers across", + "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "a lipid monolayer", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "the thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "In old or stressed chloroplasts, plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae", + "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", + "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "Starch", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "They are not found in higher plants", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "the helical thylakoid model", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": "10\u201320 thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": "10\u201320 thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": "10\u201320 thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": ". Wrapped around the grana are helicoid stromal thylakoids, also known as frets or lamellar thylakoids", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": ". Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "photosynthesis", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "and turning it acidic. ATP synthase is a large protein complex", + "572970916aef051400154eba": "There are two types of thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": "The flat tops and bottoms of granal thylakoids contain only the relatively flat photosystem II protein complex", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": "The flat tops and bottoms of granal thylakoids contain only the relatively flat photosystem II protein complex", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": "Granal thylakoids are pancake", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": "300\u2013600 nanometers", + "57297103af94a219006aa423": "There are about thirty photosynthetic carotenoids", + "57297103af94a219006aa424": "and dissipate excess energy", + "57297103af94a219006aa425": "chlorophyll a", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": "chlorophyll a", + "57297103af94a219006aa427": "chlorophyll a", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": ".", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": ". Phycobilins come in all colors, though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": ". Phycobilins come in all colors, though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": ". Phycobilins often organize into relatively large protein complexes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "40 nanometers across", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": "an enzyme called rubisco", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": "carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "To fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "ATP and NADPH", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "ATP and NADPH", + "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "NADPH", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "ATP and NADPH", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "ATP and NADPH", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "All green parts of a plant", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "A plant cell which contains chloroplasts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "All green parts of a plant", + "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "The plant cells", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "A plant cell which contains chloroplasts", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": ". They are often absent from the epidermis of a leaf.", + "572972f46aef051400154ef3": ".", + "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "8\u201315", + "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "One square millimeter of leaf tissue", + "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "and the guard cells of stomata", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "a sheet\u2014", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "-", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "photooxidative damage", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "-", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "-on. This reduces exposure and protects them from photooxidative damage", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": ".", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "and systemic acquired resistance", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": "nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": "Chloroplasts can serve as cellular sensors", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": "Chloroplasts can serve as cellular sensors", + "57297427af94a219006aa456": "\u2014signals", + "572974923f37b3190047840b": "Photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840c": "Photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840d": "sugar and oxygen", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": "sugar and oxygen", + "572975073f37b31900478415": "ATP energy", + "572975073f37b31900478416": "The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space", + "572975073f37b31900478417": "with more hydrogen ions (", + "572975073f37b31900478418": "adenosine triphosphate,", + "572975073f37b31900478419": "adenosine triphosphate", + "572975511d046914007794a7": "photosystem I", + "572975511d046914007794a8": "Cyclic photophosphorylation", + "572975511d046914007794a9": "While photosystem II photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons, photosystem I", + "572975511d046914007794aa": "more ATP than NADPH", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "The Calvin cycle", + "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "ATP and NADPH", + "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "ATP and NADPH", + "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "one out of every six", + "572976183f37b31900478431": ", glucose monomers in the chloroplast", + "572976183f37b31900478432": "Under conditions such as high atmospheric CO2 concentrations, these starch grains may grow very large", + "572976183f37b31900478433": "distorting the grana and thylakoids", + "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged roots", + "572976183f37b31900478435": "low photosynthesis rates", + "572976791d046914007794af": "Photorespiration", + "572976791d046914007794b0": "the oxygen concentration is too high", + "572976791d046914007794b1": "This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794b2": ". This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794b3": ". These mechanisms are called carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "cytosol and mitochondria", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "cysteine and methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "The chloroplast", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "cysteine and methionine", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", + "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "s apical meristems", + "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "Chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": ". While etioplasts lack chlorophyll,", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "chlorophyll,", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "a yellow chlorophyll precursor", + "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "Chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments,", + "5729784b1d046914007794ca": ". The protein MinD", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": ".", + "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "FtsZ1 and FtsZ2", + "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "FtsZ1 and FtsZ2", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": ", or PD rings", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": ", or PD rings", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5 nanometers", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5 nanometers across", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "The inner plastid-dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane, and is formed first.", + "572978e66aef051400154f76": "bright white light", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": "bright white light", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": ".", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": "bright white light", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "Recently, chloroplasts have caught attention by developers of genetically modified crops.", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "biological containment", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "3 in 1,000,000", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": ". Since, in most flowering plants", + "57296d571d04691400779413": "1 and itself", + "57296d571d04691400779414": "1 and 5", + "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": "1 and 5", + "57296d571d04691400779417": ". A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618 decimal digits", + "572970c11d04691400779463": "There are infinitely many primes,", + "572970c11d04691400779464": "There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid", + "572970c11d04691400779465": ". There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", + "572970c11d04691400779466": "the prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": "There are infinitely many primes,", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "-", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "the twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "). Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "prime elements and prime ideals", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "12 is not prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "1, 2, and n", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "No even number greater than 2 is prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9,", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "0 or 5 are multiples of 5", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1 is not a prime number", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Most early Greeks", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Most early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number,", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "006,721", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "a prime number", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1 a prime, but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1 a prime, but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": ". For example, the number 15 can be factored as 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": "The Sieve of Eratosthenes,", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": "the infinitude of primes and the fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid also showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes,", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Pierre de Fermat", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "Mersenne primes", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "They are called Mersenne primes", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "2, 3, and 5", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": "and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Deterministic algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not. For example, trial division", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": "trial division", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": "a deterministic algorithm", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": "the probability that our number is composite is 1/(1-p)", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "the Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "a probabilistic test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "prime numbers and Carmichael numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "a probabilistic test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "a probabilistic test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "p \u2212 1", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000 prize", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1]", + "572985011d04691400779501": "Here represents the floor function,", + "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", + "572985011d04691400779503": "3", + "572985011d04691400779504": "are prime for any natural number n", + "572985011d04691400779505": ".", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": ", their greatest common divisor is one", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "can have infinitely many primes", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": ".", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "3, 6, or 9", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "3, 6, or 9", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": "there were only finitely many primes", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": "The zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": "there must be infinitely many primes", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": "The zeta function", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122, \u22124,", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859, states that except for s = \u22122, \u22124, ...", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "a sum of two primes", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "In addition to the Riemann hypothesis", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": ". As of February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": ", the product of two primes. Also, any even integer can be written as the sum of six primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": "a prime number between n2 and (n + 1)2 for every positive integer n", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": ".", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": ")", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": ", number theory in general", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": ". In particular, number theorists such as British mathematician G. H. Hardy prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": "Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": ", number theory in general", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "a recurring decimal", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": "n \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": "p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "large prime numbers", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular exponentiation", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": "7, 13 or 17 years", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17 years", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": "at most. The logic for this is believed to be that the prime number intervals between emergences", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": ". They only pupate and then emerge from their bur", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": ". Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality or indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "a connected sum of prime knots", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements and irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "prime elements and irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "x and y in R such that p divides the product xy,", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "not a unit", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "the Gaussian integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": ")", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": ".", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Gaussian primes,", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian commutative ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": ". For example, prime ideals in the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "the solvability of quadratic equations", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": ". This local-global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory.", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": ". This local-global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory.", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "with respect to the absolute value", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "the third \u00e9tude, \"Neumes rythmiques\".", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "North Sea in the Netherlands", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "the Danube", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "230 km", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Graub\u00fcnden", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "the Netherlands", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "230 km", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "R\u0113nos,", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "R\u0113nos,", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos,", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rijn", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u0113nos,", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rijn", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "The length of the Rhine", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "The length of the Rhine", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "0 km", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Lake Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km long", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "the Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Lake Walen and Lake Zurich", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein and later Austria", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "the Rhine Valley", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Switzerland", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Alemannic dialect", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "A regulation of the Rhine", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": ";", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "A regulation of the Rhine", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": ". The Dornbirner Ach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau and a lower canal", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "A regulation of the Rhine", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Lake Rhine", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Switzerland and Austria", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Lake Constance", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Switzerland and Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Lake Constance", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "the Austrian state of Vorarlberg", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "the river Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "Hochrhein", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "the river Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "-", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long and up to 40 km wide", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the High Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century.", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Alsace was dug,", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "The Upper Rhine region", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine region", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The Upper Rhine region", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "The Upper Rhine region", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "1,300 ft", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "300 m3", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": ". The gorge is quite deep and is the stretch of the river which is known for its many castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": ". It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "(", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "the Lower Rhine", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "The Rhine Gorge", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Datteln Canal", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "The Lower Rhine", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m wide river", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": ". Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "The Lower Rhine", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Rijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "the IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "the IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn,", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine Delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "The largest and southern main branch begins as Waal", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421 to 1904", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421 to 1904", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "Waal and Lek", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": ", the Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem to form Merwede.", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": ". The construction of Delta Works", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "Delta Works", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "a tidal delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "tidal currents", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "240 MBP and 220 MBP", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S rift system", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "By the time of the Miocene", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "the Rhone and Danube", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "By the Pliocene period", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Mosel, the Main and the Neckar", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "Since approximately 600,000 years ago", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "600,000 years ago", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "to the northwest, through the present North Sea", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest, France", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "70,000 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "29,000\u201324,000 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "The English Channel, the Irish Channel", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "The English Channel", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra,", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "14,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "A tundra,", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "Rapid warming", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine and its downstream extension", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": ". Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century (1 metre or 39 inches", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century (1 metre or 39 inches", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "3000 yr BP (= years Before Present", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": ". This caused increased flooding and sedimentation", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "flooding and sedimentation", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "IJsselmeer", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "IJsselmeer", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "River IJssel", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "Herodotus", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "La T\u00e8ne culture", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "-angled wedge of foreign territory between the modern Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "the army of Germania Inferior", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Ubiorum", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "town of the Ubii", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "Drachenfels", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "By the 6th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "The Confederation of the Rhine", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing \"natural borders", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "France and Germany", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "a French client state", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "a demilitarised zone, with the German army", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": ".", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "The Rhine bridge at Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies.", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "The Rhine bridge at Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "Knaurs Lexikon", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,320 kilometres", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "the Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "the lack of a Parliament of Scotland", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "For the next three hundred years", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "For the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "A sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland during the late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "the North Sea", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "the majority of the Scottish electorate", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "the majority of the Scottish electorate", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": ". The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly failed.", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "a new Scottish Parliament Building", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "Scottish Parliament Building", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "the University of Aberdeen", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "General Assembly Hall", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "Tricia Marwick", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "a secret ballot", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "The Presiding Officer and deputies", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "the Parliamentary Bureau", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more seats in the Parliament", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "There are 131 seats in the debating chamber", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "There are 131 seats", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": ". Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle, which reflects the desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members.", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver and inlaid with gold", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "January to late June", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "2 pm to 6 pm", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": ". Normally, the Presiding Officer tries to achieve a balance between different viewpoints and political parties", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Scots, Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates in the Gaelic language", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "Decision Time", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": ". If there is audible dissent, the Presiding Officer announces \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members which way to vote", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties normally instruct members which way to vote", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": ". This is typically done on moral issues.", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "This is typically done on moral issues", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members which way to vote", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Members Business", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": ". As well as the proposer, other members", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "The relevant minister", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "The role of committees", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "strengthening the role of backbenchers in their scrutiny of the government and partly to compensate for the fact that there is no revising chamber", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning when Parliament is sitting. Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory Committees", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory Committees", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "(or more) of the departments (or ministries) of the Scottish Government", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Subject Committees in the fourth Session", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "Private Bill Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "of land or property", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "The Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "The Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "The specific devolved matters", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "The Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "The specific devolved matters", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3 pence in the pound", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The 2012 Act", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "The Scottish Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "The Scottish Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "The Scottish Parliament", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 1", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "and a final vote on the bill", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "and a final vote on the bill", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch for royal assent", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "Royal assent", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "Royal assent", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "the leader of the largest party", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister, and head of the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "the first Thursday in May every four years", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "the first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "the Parliament is dissolved by the Queen by royal proclamation", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": ". After the statement has been delivered, the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": ". A \"General Question Time\" takes place on a Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "Opposition leaders ask a general question of the First Minister and then supplementary questions", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "The four general questions", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "Of the 129 MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one member to represent the constituency, and the member with most votes is returned as a constituency MSP", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000 electors", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "). The party with the highest quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "until all available list seats are allocated", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "the British Nationality Act 1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Members of the police and the armed forces", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": ". Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a majority SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "16 seats from Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "The SNP overall majority", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "David McLetchie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "A procedural consequence", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England, Wales and Northern Ireland", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Political Islam", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "government and society", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering of government and society", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic and political process", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "democratic and political process as well as armed attacks", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democratic and political process", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": ". The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist \"guardians of the tradition\"", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "the Muslim Brotherhood movement", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "While Islamist political culture itself may not be democratic", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "a political role for Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam is merely a political ideology", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": ". Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideology", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "Islam is merely a political ideology", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "Islam and Islamism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islam is a way of life", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Islam is a way of life", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "Islam is a way of life", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "Islam is a way of life", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "experience, ideology, and weapons", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": ",", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace with Israel", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "making peace with Israel", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat \u2013 whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "Wahhabism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "all the horrible wars of the 20th century", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "infidels", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": ", or neglectful governments", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": ", educational assistance", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": ".", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "the Pakistan movement", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "Islam and Islamic law", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "a modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "Islam and Islamic law", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "a modern context", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic revolution", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "Islamic revolution", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928 by Hassan al Banna", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Egypt", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Shariah law", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist influence in the Muslim world", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence against the government", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948 and several years later", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Freedom and Justice Party", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "Freedom and Justice Party", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "Freedom and Justice Party", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world.", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world.", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": ", ideological father of the State of Pakistan", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "\" of Muslim lands was part of a long-", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "the Prophet Mohammad and his successors", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Hezbollah", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "US economic sanctions", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "an Islamic rebellion", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi Arabia", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "Saddam Hussein", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "), and increasing aid to Islamic groups", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "Saudi Arabia", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "linter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "linter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "By the 1970s", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "violence and military struggle", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "Jamaa Islamiya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "Ultimately the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "-Mahgoub), dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over 100 Egyptian police", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "Jihad against Israel", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Jihad against Israel", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542 people", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "an Islamist regime", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "gender segregation", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "a vicious and destructive civil war", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "In 1992", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": ".", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "and", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "the Deobandi movement", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamic law", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million people", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "international recognition", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "2003", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "\"", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "a terrorist organisation", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "the true Islamic system", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "\" to change Muslim public opinion", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public opinion", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000 Muslims", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist outlook", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": ", or violent Islamism", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": ".", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "a type of advocacy of empire", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Asia and Africa", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence through diplomacy or military force", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal imperialism", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy or military force", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "a powerful form of dominance", + "57306797396df919000960ee": "informal rule", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "Informal rule", + "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f2": "Informal rule", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal rule is generally less costly", + "573081c2069b531400832133": "\u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", + "573081c2069b531400832135": "The Russian leader Lenin", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "\u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832137": "\u2018empire\u2019", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "Colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "a political focus", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological as well as financial reasons, colonialism is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "Imperialism and colonialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": ", imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": ".e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency'", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", + "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "imperial expansion", + "573088da069b53140083216f": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "Tropicality", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "the west\u2019s construction of the east as the \u201cother\u201d", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": ".", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Roman law", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "an imaginative geography of the East", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "a negative vision of itself", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "an imaginative geography of the East", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "irrational and backward", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "\".", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "\".", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": ".", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French and British", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "Historically recognized Muslim empires number in the dozens", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": ". Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Gengh", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Africa", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "Cultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "The importance of soft power", + "57309446396df919000961b8": "1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", + "57309446396df919000961bb": "the middle of the 20th century", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": "European imperialism was influential", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": "and", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": ".", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "\" for the establishment of control over the subcontinent's resources, markets, and manpower.", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "political control by military and political means", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": ", the machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "swords, and leather shields", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "Europe", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "Western power", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "-", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "the structural or systemic character", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "that necessitated colonial expansion. This conception of imperialism as a structural feature of capitalism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease of imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": ". While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years.", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "The concept environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": "In 1599 the British East India Company", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": "In 1599", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": "exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": ". In 1599 the British East India Company", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "France took control of Algeria in 1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "France took control of Algeria in 1830", + "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", + "5730a951069b531400832214": "Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies", + "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "the overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": "in Algeria", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Muslim Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": "; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": "an amorphous area of central Europe", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": ".", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Prussia and the German states", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "imperialism", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "German New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Russia and parts of eastern Siberia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": "The Soviet Union", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": ". Never formally revoked, it stopped being implemented after 1932. After World War II, the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": "The Soviet Union", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism in one country", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": "The First British Empire", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": "The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India.", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "The British Empire", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": ".", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "The British Empire", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "Manifest Destiny", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism in Central America", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "Imperialism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "the Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "Imperialism", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "Three years later in 1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": ". The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": ". The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "the internal strife between various people groups", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": ". This internal form of imperialism", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million Africans", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "\".", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces and numerous vassal states", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "the Horn of Africa", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "During the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "World War I, leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": "a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", + "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", + "5730982f396df919000961e5": "Evangelical United Brethren Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million adherents", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "9 million adult adherents", + "57309921396df919000961f6": "Bible study, methodical study of scripture", + "57309921396df919000961f7": "Bible study, methodical study of scripture", + "57309921396df919000961f8": "They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "Bible Christianity", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England, the American Revolution", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "In 1784", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Thomas Coke", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "Lovely Lane Methodist Church", + "57309adb396df919000961fc": "United Methodist Church", + "57309adb396df919000961fd": "United Methodist Church", + "57309adb396df919000961fe": "1767", + "57309adb396df919000961ff": "Dock Street", + "57309adb396df91900096200": "1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "St Georges", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", + "57309d31396df91900096210": "In 1830", + "57309d31396df91900096211": "In 1830, the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church", + "57309d31396df91900096212": "In 1844", + "57309d31396df91900096213": "In 1844", + "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "April 23, 1968", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "The Methodist Church", + "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "The Methodist Church", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "of God is preached and", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "As a result of the American Revolution", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Thomas Coke", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "John Wesley and Charles Wesley", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Albert C", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Prevenient grace", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": ". This grace is the present work of God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "a truly free choice", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": "The justifying grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": "Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": "Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832245": "Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": "a genuine love of God", + "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730afed069b531400832261": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730afed069b531400832262": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "Wesleyan theology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "prima scriptura", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008 General Conference", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "-", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": ".\" The Church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry with all women, regardless of their choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "2012", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Paul T. Stallsworth", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "the temperance movement", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "The Use of Money", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", + "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "capital punishment", + "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "39 and abolished the death penalty", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": "The General Conference of the United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": ".", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "2016", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "Connectional Table", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "-sex weddings, and it would allow conferences to ordain gay clergy", + "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "In 1987", + "5730b776069b5314008322be": "2005", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "The Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate.", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "the way of inaction is always righteous before God", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "military conscription", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "war as an instrument of national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "general and complete disarmament", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "The Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion", + "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "girls and women", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "IVF", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "and adult stem cells", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "federal funding for research", + "5730c059069b531400832305": "the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", + "5730c059069b531400832306": "the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", + "5730c059069b531400832307": "The Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "anointing with oil", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "William Booth", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "The highest level is called the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "The General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "every four years", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "The United States is divided into five jurisdictions: Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "Africa, Congo, West Africa, Central & Southern Europe, Germany, Northern Europe and the Philippines", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "to elect and appoint bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "Bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "Episcopal Areas, which consist of one or more Annual Conferences.", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "the Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Southern Methodist University", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": ", both laity and clergy", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "The ratio of laity to clergy alternates every eight years", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "twice a year", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year at various locations throughout the world", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "The Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the basic unit of organization within the UMC.", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Annual Conference", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "three members", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "three members and no more than nine members", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "and to elect officers to the committees", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "Syracuse University, Boston University, Emory University, Duke University, Drew University, University of Denver, University of Evansville, and Southern Methodist University", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "Colleges, and Universities", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastors in local congregations", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "their Annual Conference Order of Elders", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "their Annual Conference Order of Deacons", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "the Annual Conference Cabinet", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "one year", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "Until the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": ".", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "God, affirmed by the church,", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133 years", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "God, affirmed by the church,", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133 years", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church.", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church.", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "servant leadership within the church", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996 General Conference", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "The provisional elder", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": ". Upon retirement, local pastors return to their charge conference as lay members.", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": ". The Local Pastor are given the authority to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments of the church, to provide care and", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Associate Membership", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Baptized Members", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "Individuals who were not previously baptized are baptized as part of their profession of faith", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "infant and adult baptism", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Baptism", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "In confirmation and membership preparation classes", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "confirmation and profession of faith", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "two categories of lay servants", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "To be recognized as certified lay servant", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "Each year", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "and one advanced lay servant course", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer status", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "blurring of theological and confessional differences", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "and Union American Methodist Episcopal Church", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million members", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "8 million members", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "8 million members in over 34,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "4 million", + "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": ". It is also active in the World Methodist Council", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "July 18, 2006", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "British America and New France", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "Fort Duquesne", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "1754", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "In 1755, six colonial governors in North America", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "Pennsylvania and New York", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "the expulsion of the Acadians", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "Prussia and its allies", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Prussia and its allies", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "the Great War for the Empire", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "the Battle of Jumonville Glen", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "-day New Brunswick", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": "-", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "Nova Scotia and Newfoundland", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "Nova Scotia and Newfoundland", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "French and the British, large areas were dominated by native tribes. To the north, the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "The Iroquois Confederation", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Creek and Choctaw", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Southeast interior", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "The Creek and Cherokee", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "French regular army troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": ", and few British troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": ", companies of colonial regulars", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "the southern shore of Lake Erie", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": ". The expedition", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "\". C\u00e9loron threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "London and Paris", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "\"", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Virginia and the company", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "The War of the Austrian Succession", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": ". The treaty was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "The War of the Austrian Succession", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": ", Marquis de la Jonqui", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British.", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "Troupes de la Marine and Indians", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "a colonel of the Western New York Militia", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "the Ohio Company", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Major George Washington", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": ". Over dinner, Washington presented Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500 men", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": ".", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "the Battle of Jumonville Glen", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Tanaghrisson and his party", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": ". While en route, Washington learned of Trent's retreat. Since Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to dislodge the French", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": ". They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "Major General Edward Braddock", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "an army expedition", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": ". The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "in", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "Approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "Fort Bull, and Fort Williams", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Baron Dieskau", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort Edward and Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Colonel Monckton", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany in December 1755", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Quebec", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Chevalier de L\u00e9vis", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Fort Bull", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Fort Bull", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds of gunpowder", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": ". In the March Battle of Fort Bull", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "The new British command", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "the expedition to Quebec", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "attack Louisbourg first", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "Canadian scouts and Indians", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Canadian scouts and Indians", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": "the British blockade of the French coastline", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": "Vaudreuil and Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": "Louisbourg", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg", + "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600 Frenchmen", + "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600 Frenchmen", + "573403394776f419006616df": ".", + "573403394776f419006616e0": "the Battle of Carillon", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain,", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": "an invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": ".", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of the Restigouche", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "Battle of the Restigouche", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": "10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": "Guadeloupe and Martinique", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": ". The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": "French Canada and Acadia", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": "French Canada and Acadia", + "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans,", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": ". Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": "the British takeover of Spanish Florida", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": "the Choctaw and the Creek", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": "the British takeover of Spanish Florida", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force.", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "The Standard Model", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electroweak interaction", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electroweak interaction", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "earth and water", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "Earth", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "continued application of a force", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "an innate force of impetus", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "an innate force of impetus", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "an external net force or resultant force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "First Law of Motion", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "s First Law of Motion", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "a curving parabolic path in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "It is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "It is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction", + "573749741c4567190057445d": "The concept of inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": "The rotational inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": "The rotational inertia of planet Earth", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass", + "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic measurements", + "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": "the relative units of force and mass", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "The third law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "The third law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "F and \u2212F", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass of the system", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "a closed system of particles, there are no internal forces", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system", + "573766251c45671900574471": "an intuitive understanding for describing forces", + "573766251c45671900574472": ". Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": "Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "Forces act in a particular direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "Forces", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Forces act in a particular direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": ". If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is ambiguous", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "Forces act in a particular direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "where several forces canceled each other out", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "), can be determined by following the parallelogram rule of vector addition", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "the parallelogram rule of vector addition", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": ". Summing these component forces using vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "one pointing north, and one pointing east", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": ". Summing these component forces using vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "Orthogonal force vectors", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "-zero component. Orthogonal force vectors", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "The static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "The static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "A static equilibrium between two forces", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "A static equilibrium between two forces", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "the force of gravity is proportional to volume", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "Dynamic equilibrium", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "the kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": ".", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": ". This results in zero net force", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": ") or fields, from which the forces generally can be derived, are treated similar to classical position variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": ") or fields, from which the forces generally can be derived, are treated similar to classical position variables, i.e., .", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "force", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "\", namely the particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "Depending on the value of the spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "a symmetric spin function", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "a symmetric spin function", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "In modern particle physics", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "a force", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "The conservation of momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "World lines", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "The strong and weak forces", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "The electromagnetic force", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "In the 20th century", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "The development of fundamental theories for forces", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "utrino oscillations indicate that the standard model is incomplete. A Grand Unified Theory", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": "What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": ". Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": ".", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": "the force of gravity", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": ". Further, Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": "the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "gravitational acceleration", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": ".", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": "It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": "Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": "It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": "the ballistic trajectory of the object", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": ") is almost a straight line, slightly curved (with the radius of curvature of the order of few light-", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": ". This force can be written as a sum of the electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "the time rate of change of electric charge", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "and the magnetic force", + "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20 scalar equations", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4 vector equations", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": ". This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "wave\u2013particles known as photons", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "the electromagnetic force", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": ".", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": ". This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "the electromagnetic force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": ".", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": ". This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013 times less than that of the strong force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "The normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "The normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "The normal force", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "Ideal strings", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "Ideal strings transmit tension forces", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "Tension forces", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": ". However, even though such machines allow for an increase in force, there is a corresponding increase in the length of string that must be displaced in", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "-", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": ".", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": ".", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": ". However, in real life, matter has extended structure", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "The stress tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "The stress tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "The stress tensor", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": ". Such forces act perpendicular to the velocity vector", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular to the velocity vector", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "The unbalanced force that accelerates an object", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "The unbalanced force", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "The unbalanced force that accelerates an object", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": ". The force, therefore, is related directly to the difference in potential energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "the net mechanical energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "A conservative force that acts on a closed system", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "A conservative force that acts on a closed system", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": ".", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": ".", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "microscopic conservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": ". In macroscopic closed systems", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "macroscopic nonconservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "microscopic conservative forces", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "1 kgf", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "one kilogram of mass. The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "the kilogram-force (kgf)", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "one kilogram of mass" +}