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markdown | 712194 | # Presentation: 712194
## eXtensible Markup Language
**eXtensible Markup Language**
**(XML) at DLIS**
## Purpose
- ** ****To inform the CIO XMLWG of the approach the DLIS has taken to establish an XML data exchange capability **
## XML Accomplishments
**Established a corporate communication vehicle**
**Internal XML Work Group with membership from all impacted areas**
**Completed XML Program Charter**
**Obtained XML Training for all impacted areas**
**Determined customer requirements for**
** ****initial XML data exchange capability**
**Prepared Task Order (TO) for programming data exchange interface modules **
**Forged External XML Work Group Partnerships**
**World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) **
**CIO XMLWG – Federal **
**DoD (DISA) Work Group – DoD XML Policy **
**XML Accomplishments**** **
## XML Accomplishments
**Drafted framework for an Operational Concept Description (OCD) **
**Completed Initial Data Modeling Effort for DTD Development **
**Drafted Document Type Definition (DTDs) for **
** ****initial XML data exchange capability**
**Started evaluation of software tools for the development and management of XML-related documents**
**DTDs, Schemas, XSLT, etc.**
## Development Flow
- Requirements
- Requirements
- Analysis
- DTD + Business
- Rules = Programming
- Requirements
- Data
- Administration
- Configuration
- Management
- Security
- Quality Assurance
- Testing
- Application
- Development
- Development
- Testing
- Production
- Acceptance
- Testing
- (Functional)
- DOD
- OASIS
**Development Flow**
**V**
**&**
**X**
**B**
**Reusable Can be Tailored via XSLT**
**Programmer**
**V/**
**X/**
**S**
**B**
**XML Repository**
**Task Order (TO) / SCR**** **
**TO / SCR**
**Metadata**
**Code**
**DTD**
**DI**
- IV&V
## XML Capability View
- L
- I
- S
**XML /**
**WEB Server**
**Scalable**
**Customer Server**
- Single User or System
**User**
_**Automated**_
- Predefined SQL Calls
- SQL Results
- * Business Rules
- Applied here
**User**
**User**
- GUI
- System toSystem
- Web Interface
**XML Capability View**
- C
- U
- S
- T
- O
- M
- E
- R
- SCAT
- Security
- Layer
- Validates
- User ID/
- Passwords
- SCAT
- Security
- Layer
_**Administrative**_
- Customer
- Functional
- Requirements
- Memorandum
- Of Agreement
- Workload
- Sizing
- Fee-For-Service
**AS/400**
**Database**
- * Business rules are applied by application programs
**User**
- 3270
**Queries**
**Results**
- Valid XML
- Document
**HP T520**
**(HMIS)**
**Other**
- Quality Data Base (QDB)
- Government Industry Data
- Exchange Program (GIDEP)
## XML Timeline
**XML Timeline**
## Future XML Considerations
**Determine XML data element naming conventions**
**Implement XML Capability (Internal / External)**
**Complete Development of XML initial capability project**
**Document and Finalize XML Requirements**
** ****for External Customers**
**Identify XML Repository/Registry Requirements**
**Internal (DLIS)**
**External (DoD)**
**Software Requirements (****Tool Evaluation)**
**Near and Far**
**XML SPY**
**XML Canon**
** ** | en |
all-txt-docs | 058183 | !! spellx done
20 Innovation Throws Us
The Washington Post, Sunday, December 4, 1966
Communications engineering is the most sophisticated of the
domains where scientific knowledge is translated into human benefit.
The mass-produced home television receiver is as complex as the most
abstruse laboratory instrument. No physical phenomenon has been
overlooked in laboratory experimentation for the development of
improved techniques of message transmission. The discrepancies
between promise and reality evoke the most impatience precisely
because the fundamental opportunities are so immense.
Compare, for example, the ever-improving elegance, comfort
and economy of jet aircraft with the expense and personal discomfort
of long distance audio communication.
To be sure, making a long distance phone call with only the
shortest delay is still so impressive that this criticism may seem
ungracious. However, the inadequacies of existing voice transmission,
and absence of private video, so strain intricate communication
(who has not been impelled to shout while using the phone?) that
people prefer the indignities of shipping their bodies for thousands
of miles to transact business of any real complexity.
In mitigation, no industry is more liable to premature
technological obsolescence, so it must move cautiously. Capital
investments in long lines of copper wire are hard to amortize in
the face of competition from communication satellites, and these
in turn stand considerable risk of being left high and dry with
the perfection of laser techniques.
The entanglements are bound to spread into many subsidiary lines
of decision on social policy. With great pain, we may learn how to
cope with single innovations, but we are surely a long way from
dealing effectively with the cumulative process of innovation and
displacement.
In communications, where capital investment in a national system
looms so large, we are therefore bound to see a much less flexible
response than in aircraft, where operating expenses dominate. It
might be possible, however, to disengage some elements of the
communications industry, such as bulk transmission for large users,
which might be most responsive to progress through competition, just
as aircraft outdo the ground part of the air transport system.
This issue underlies the current debate about the authorization
of domestic satellite facilities, either as part of COMSAT's franchise
or as a separate system. Public interest in these issues has been
sharpened by imaginative proposals from McGeorge Bundy of the Ford
Foundation for a Broadcasters' Non-Profit Satellite (BNS) system.
Briefly, BNS would gain a monopoly to service commercial network
TV. Its earnings would support educational TV over additional
channels of the same system. Commercial broadcasters might bid to set
up their own homeowned system at rates based on costs. The Federally
authorized monopoly would amount to a tax equivalent of the difference
between BNS costs and its rates, which would be left at current land-
line standards.
Bundy argues, and the networks acquiesce, that the subsidy is
only a small return on the previous national investment in satellite
development. Recognizing the political appeal of such a tax, COMSAT
has rebutted with a tentative proposal that it retain the rights to
all domestic service, but levy a contribution for educational purposes
from all users of advanced systems.
Many academics might be gleeful at the idea of a special tax on
TV entertainment, which, based on mass advertising, tends to reduce
information to the lowest common denominator. But is earmarking
fundamentally a sound principle for the rational dispensation of
priorities?
My delight might be short lived were I able to arrange to
support research in genetics with a tax on horse racing. Still,
direct channels of support might be a good idea if BNS were thereby
insulated from political pressure, but would it be so long as its
lifeblood was a Federal monopoly?
Support for education might better be tied to the technical
rather than the fiscal side of satellite transmissions. Basic
research and education could be given the benefit of a differential
rate structure, on any system.
The rates should be calculated to meet the incremental costs
of these special services, rather than being prorated over the
existing structure. Wherever such rate arrangements on new
technology tended to facilitate more research and education,
industry should be sympathetic. For example, enlightened computer
manufacturers voluntarily offer educational discounts on their
equipment, and might be inhibited as much by anti-trust problems
as by conflicts of their commercial philanthropic motivations.
The whole concept of educational TV also needs a critical
examination that should go deeper than the immediate enthusiasms.
The Ford Foundation's proposal remarks that "The greatest assets of
television are liveness and immediacy. Much of the vitality has
been drained out of television with the increasing use of tape".
This may be true for the coverage of news events. But as
an educator, I would be alarmed at the condemnation of libraries
on the same principle. More attention should be paid to complementary
technologies of videotape storage and easier dissemination, playback
and critical review.
Immediacy is not that important and may even be detrimental for
more serious educational communication. To this, there are special
exceptions, unfortunately not even mentioned in the Ford Foundation
proposal, such as wide band-width transmissions for technical
conversation, library interchanges and especially the
intercommunication of computers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| en |
all-txt-docs | 359390 | 18 Voyages de Franois Core al
libertinage des Coavens va mme fi
loin , que plufieurs membres de ces
Communauts fe trouvent la fin
hors d'tat de pouvoir gurir des ma-
ladies que la dbauche leur caufe.
Quoique les habitans du Prou
foient d'un libertinage 8c d'une fen-
fualit extraordinaires , 8c qu'ils m-
lent continuellement (a) la dbauche
8c la devotion : Cependant ils affe-
ctent dans leurs exercices de piet
une aplication fi forte , qu'on diroit
qu'ils font en exftafe. J'entrai une
fois chez un de ces Dvots de Lima
nomm Antonio Velafco de Xaranca,
que je trouvai dans cette lvation
compofe. Son attitude toit bur-
lefque. De grans yeux tout fait
ouverts 8c immobiles , qui fe re-
muoient enfuite avec beaucoup de
violence, qui hauffoient 8c baif-
foient de mme en roulant avec vi-
vacit. Des foupirs tirs avec force
du creux de la poitrine, 8c finiffant
par un remuement bizarre des lvres,
qui me fit connoitre qu'il recitoit fon
Ro-
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....
(*) Voies encore la confirmation de tout
ceci dans le Voiage de Fraizi.r la Mer du
Sud. | fr |
markdown | 497478 | # Presentation: 497478
## SAFE Document Summary BSAI Groundfish
- Plan Team Members (12 Members)
- NMFS -- Loh-Lee Low
- Mike Sigler
- Grant Thompson
- Lowell Fritz
- Andy Smoker
- NPFMC -- Dave Witherell
- USF&W -- Kathy Kuletz
- ADF&G -- Ivan Vining
- Kristin Mabrey
- Univ.Alaska -- Brenda Norcross
- WDF&W -- Farron Wallace
- Halibut Comm -- Gregg Williams
**SAFE Document Summary ****BSAI Groundfish**
## SAFE Document 2001 Contents
**Appendix A: Summary**
**Appendix B: Species-by-species**
**Appendix C: Economic Status**
**Appendix D: Ecosystems Considerations**
## Temperature
**Notes:**
Coldest Summer of 27 Year Survey = 1999 (0.81 vs. 2.54 degrees C)
Near normal in Yr 2000 and 2001 (2.17 degrees C)
## Slide 5
## Exploitable Biomass
- <date/time>
**By **
**Major Species Groups**
## BSAI Exploitable Biomass Yr 2002 Total = 19.6 MMT
## BSAI Flatfish Complex Biomass Yr 2002 Total = 6.1+ MMT
## BSAI Rockfish Complex Biomass Yr 2002 Total = 594,780 MT
## Estimated ABCs
- <date/time>
**By **
**Major Species Groups**
## BSAI Groundfish Complex ABCs Yr 2002 Total = 3,185,076 MT
## BSAI Flatfish Complex ABC Yr 2002 Total = 686,700 MT
## BSAI Rockfish Complex ABCs Yr 2002 Total = 23,625 MT
## Description Species-by-Species
- <date/time>
- DescriptionSpecies-by-Species
## Assessment Theme
- <date/time>
- Assessment Theme
**ABC = Biomass x Exploitation Rate**
**1. Determine Biomass from**
** ****-- Surveys....Hydroacoustics, Trawls**
** ****-- Models......Variations of Age-Structure Models**
**2. Determine Exploitation Rates**
** ****-- **** F**** ***msy*
** ****-- ****F ***overfishing*
** ****-- ****F**** ***abc*** ............... **Example** F**** ***40%*
## Assessment Theme
- <date/time>
- Assessment Theme
**Evaluate Quality of Information about Population Dynamics of the Stocks and Use Fishing Rates according to Three Groupings of Stock Status**
**(Pages 3-4 of SAFE Summary)**
**Tier 1 -- Most Information**
**Tier 2 -- Less Information**
**Tier 3**
**Tier 4**
**Tier 5 -- Reliable Data on B and M**
**Tier 6 – Reliable Catch History Data**** **
## EBS Pollock Long-Term Biomass Trend
## Year-class estimates
## EBS Pollock
## EBS Pollock Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- EBS Pollock AssessmentNotable Features
**1. Year 2001 Surveys**
** **Bottom Trawl Biomass = 4.14 mmt
- -- down 19.5% from Yr 2000 Survey
- 2. **Year 2001 Models**
** ****7** versions of Age-Structure Models, Used Model 1
- Age3+ Biomass for 2002 = 9.8 mmt,
- down 12% from Yr 2001 Estimate
**Recruitment**
** **Strong 1992 & 1996 Year Classes
## Aleutian Island Region Pollock Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Aleutian Island Region Pollock AssessmentNotable Features
**Age-Structure Model don’t work – Not a Unit Stock**
**Assessment Depends on Surveys**
- Survey Year Biomass
- 1991 167,140
- 1994 77,503
- 1997 93,512
- 2000 105,554
**ABC = Biomass x 75%M ****(Tier 5)**
- = 23,800 mt
** **
## Bogoslof Region Pollock Survey Biomass
## Bogoslof Region Pollock ABC
- <date/time>
**1. Method 1 – Tier 5**
** **** ****ABC = Biomass x 0.75 M **
** **** ****ABC = 34,800 mt**
**Method 2 – Using SSC Procedure **
- With 2 mmt as Target Biomass
** **** ****ABC = 4,310 mt**
** **
## BSAI Pacific Cod
## Pacific Cod Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Pacific Cod AssessmentNotable Features
**1. Year 2001 Surveys**
** **-- EBS Trawl Biomass = 830,500 t,
- up 57 % from 2000
**2. Year 2001 Model**
** **-- Update of Last Year’s Model
- -- Estimated 2002 Biomass = 1.54 mmt, up 17%
**3. Recruitment**
** **-- Year classes since 1992 have been below average
- -- Except for average 1996 & 1999 year classes
- and above average Yr 2000 recruitment
## BSAI Flatfish Complex Biomass Yr 2002 Total = 6.1+ MMT
## EBS Yellowfin Sole
## Yellowfin Sole Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Yellowfin Sole AssessmentNotable Features
**Survey Biomass**
** **-- Relatively high biomass, doubled from 1975-79
- -- further increased to 2.3 mmt in 1981
- -- Declining in recent years as strong year classes phases out of the population
**2. Models**
** **-- Estimated 2002 Biomass = 1.6 mmt,
- down 33% from 2001
- -- biomass is still high but definitely declining
**3.**** ****Recruitment**
** **-- Low recruitment in last decade
## EBS Greenland Turbot
## Greenland Turbot Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Greenland Turbot AssessmentNotable Features
**Survey Biomass**
** **-- EBS Trawl Biomass assess juveniles only
**2. Modeling**
** **-- Yr 2002 Age 1+ biomass = 208,000 mt,
- down 7 % from Yr 2001
- -- biomass is generally low and relatively stable
**3.**** ****Recruitment**
** **-- Generally Low recruitment in last 2 decades
## EBS Arrowtooth Flounder
## EBS Rock Sole
## EBS Flathead Sole
## EBS Alaska Plaice
## BSAI Rockfish Complex Biomass Yr 2002 Total = 594,780 MT
## Bering Sea/Aleutians POP
## POP Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- POP AssessmentNotable Features
**Present Assessment**
** **-- Single Model to Combined Bering Sea/Aleutians
**Biomass Trend**
- -- Rather Stable Trend in recent years after some rebuilding
**Recruitment**
- -- Rather Poor Recruitment in recent years
## Other Red Rockfish Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Other Red Rockfish AssessmentNotable Features
**Normally split Other Red Rockfish into:**
- -- Northern/Sharpchin
- -- Rougheye/Shortraker
**2. Tier 5 ABC = Survey Biomass x 0.75M**
** ** Stock EBS Aleutians
- Northern 19 mt 6,745 mt (99.7%)
- Rougheye 32 mt 230 mt (89.1%)
- Shortraker 84 mt 682 mt (89.0%)
- Sharpchin (included in Other Rockfish Group)
## Other Rockfish Assessments Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Other Rockfish AssessmentsNotable Features
**Tier 5 ABC = Survey Biomass x 0.75 M**
** **
- Stock Year Survey Biomass ABC
- EBS 2002 6,880 361
- AI 2001 12,900 676
## Aleutian Islands Atka Mackerel
## Atka Mackerel Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Atka Mackerel AssessmentNotable Features
**Reference Max ABC = 124,500 mt**
**2. ****However, for ABC Considerations**
** **-- Survey Biomass Shows high variability
- -- Yr 2002 Model biomass = 439,700 mt,
- up 3 % from Yr 2000; but declined 63 % since 1991
- -- Projected Female Spawning Biomass would remain below reference B40% level until 2005
- -- Too early to confirm strength of 1998 Year Class
**3. ABC adjusted downward by SSC Strategy **r
- -- Fabc = adjusted down to 0.21, down 40% from max rate
**4. Thus Adjusted ABC = 49,000 mt**
## Sablefish-all areas
## Sablefish Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Sablefish AssessmentNotable Features
**Longline Survey Abundance**
** **-- Increased 16% in numbers and 13% in weight from 2000-2001** **
**2. Modeling**
** **-- Abundance now projected to be slightly increasing
**3.**** ****ABC**
** **-- ABC of 17,300 mt of the entire stock is apportioned by 5-year exponential weighting of abundance indices by region: EBS, AI & GOA
## Squid Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Squid AssessmentNotable Features
**Same Analysis as Last Year**
** **
**2. Tier 5 Situation**
** **** **** **ABC = 0.75M * Biomass
## Other Species Assessment Notable Features
- <date/time>
- Other Species AssessmentNotable Features
**Debate of Splitting or Not Splitting into Major Taxonomic Groups: **
- Split >116 Species into 4 Taxonomic Groups:
- Shark, Octopus, Skates, Sculpins
** ****2. ABC Calculations**
** **** **** ****Group**** **** ****Tier**** ****Biomass**** ****ABC**** **** ****SSC’s ABC**
** **Shark 6 n/a 387
- Octopus 6 n/a 405
- Skates 5 432,00 32,400
- Sculpins 5 227,000 25,100
- Total 58,292 39,148
## BSAI Groundfish Complex Yr 2000 to Yr 2002
**Exploitable Biomass**
- 19.6 mmt for Yr 2002
- Down 0.56 mmt from
- Yr 2001
**ABC**
- 3.185 mmt for Yr 2002
- Up 0.258 mmt from Yr 2001
## Summary (From Table 4) (Pollock)
| Stock | Biomass (mt) | ABC (mt) | ABC Change
(2002 fr 2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pollock, EBS | 9,800,000 | 2,110,000 | Up 15 % |
| Pollock, AI | 106,000 | 23,800 | No change |
| Pollock, Bogoslof | 232,000 | 4,310 | Down 50 % |
## Summary ( fromTable 4) (Cod and Sablefish)
| Stock | Biomass (mt) | ABC (mt) | ABC Change
(2002 fr 2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pacific Cod, BSAI | 1,540,000 | 223,000 | Up 19 % |
| Sablefish, EBS | 28,000 | 1,930 | Up 24 % |
| Sablefish, AI | 38,000 | 2,550 | Up 2 % |
## Summary ( fromTable 4) (Flatfishes)
| Stock | Biomass (mt) | ABC (mt) | ABC Change
(2002 fr 2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| YellFn. Sole | 1,597,000 | 116,000 | Down 34 % |
| Grn. Turbot | 208,000 | 8,100 | Down 4 % |
| Arrow. Fl | 671,000 | 113,000 | Down 3 % |
| Rock Sole | 1,850,000 | 225,000 | Down 1 % |
| Flathead Sole | 695,000 | 82,600 | Down 2 % |
| Alaska Plaice | 1,110,000 | 143,000 | Up 32 % |
| Other Flats | 78,300 | 18,100 | |
## Summary ( fromTable 4) (Rockfishes)
| Stock | Biomass (mt) | ABC (mt) | ABC Change
(2002 fr 2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| POP, BSAI | 377,000 | 14,800 | Up 24 % |
| Northern R | 150,000 | 6,760 | |
| Rougheye R | 14,000 | 262 | |
| Shortraker R | 34,000 | 766 | |
| Other R, EBS | 6,880 | 361 | |
| Other R, AI | 12,900 | 676 | |
## Summary ( fromTable 4) (Atka Mackerel & Other Species)
| Stock | Biomass (mt) | ABC (mt) | ABC Change
(2002 fr 2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Atka Mackerel | 439,700 | 49,000 | Down 29 % |
| Squid | NA | 1,970 | No Change |
| Other Species | 667,000 | 39,148 | Up 16 % |
## Adjustments to Reduce ABCs - due To Uncertainties
| Stock | Maximum Permissible ABC (mt) | RecommendABC (mt) | Main Reasons for Adjustment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pollock, Bogoslof | 34,800 | 4,310 | SSC Procedure |
| Pacific Cod | 253,000 | 223,000 | Risk-Adverse Optimization |
| Green. Turbot | 30,200 | 8,100 | Low B & R |
| Sablefish, All | 21,300 | 17,300 | Simulated C |
| Atka Mackerel | 71,300 | 49,000 | Stochastic Projections of F |
## Adjustments to ABCs - due to Ecosystems
**The Team was unable to isolate individual cases where ABC adjustments are needed to be made to address ecosystem concerns**
## Year 2002 Summary
**ABC = 3,185,076 mt**
**TAC = 2,000,000 mt**
## Slide 56
## End of Slide Presentation
- <date/time> | en |
converted_docs | 998326 | ANNUAL HIGHER EDUCATION CONFERENCE
REPORT
### June 28--29, 2000
Emergency Management Institute
Emmitsburg, Maryland
**Annual Higher Education Conference**
**June 28-29, 2000**
Introductions 1
Purpose of Conference 2
Kay Goss Opening Remarks 3
Status of the Emergency Management Higher Education Project 8
Status of Fire/Emergency Services Higher Education Project 11
**Group 1: Course Development Sessions**
Marketing Programs/Building Student Interest 14
Public Administration and Emergency Management Course 16
A Social Vulnerability Approach to Emergency Management Course 17
Accreditation of Emergency Management Programs 19
Needs of Emergency Management Students 22
Emergency Management Resources 24
**Group 2: Course Development Sessions**
Disaster Response and Operations Course 26
Community Hazards Risk Assessment 28
Building Disaster Resilient Communities Course 29
Distance Learning Panel 31
**Group 3: Course Development Sessions**
Community-Based Emergency Management 32
Terrorism and Emergency Management Course 34
Earthquake Hazard and Emergency Management 36
Fundamentals of Emergency Management 37
**Appendices**
Appendix A "Development of Specialized Accreditation for Emergency
> Management Degree Programs" A-1
Appendix B Service Learning References and Resources B-1
Appendix C LRC Forms C-1
Appendix D Disaster Photos D-1
Appendix E Case Studies E-1
Appendix F Attendee Roster F-1
Higher Education Project
One of the goals of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is to
encourage and support the inclusion of emergency management-related
education in colleges and universities across the United States. FEMA
believes that in the future, more emergency managers in government, as
well as in business and industry should come to the job with college
degrees in emergency management. FEMA would like to see an emergency
management-related degree program in every State of the Union by the
year 2001.
To further this end, FEMA's Emergency Management Institute (EMI) in
Emmitsburg, Maryland, has undertaken several projects which promote
college-based emergency management education. An annotated listing of
colleges and universities in the United States that teach one or more
emergency management courses ("The College List") is available. This
document (available at
[www.fema.gov./emi/edu](http://www.fema.gov./emi/edu)) describes courses
and programs offered, and provides point-of-contact information for each
institution listed. This listing is now routinely provided to emergency
management personnel interested in continuing their education, as well
as to academics wishing to develop their own emergency
management-related courses.
A compilation of course syllabi and outlines of existing emergency
management-related courses taught in academia today is also available.
More than 100 course outlines or syllabi are included, and this
compilation is free of charge to any college wishing to investigate the
development of emergency management-related courses.
Next, in partnership with the academic community, EMI developed a
prototype emergency management curriculum consisting of classroom-based,
upper division (junior/senior), baccalaureate-level courses. EMI is now
working with a variety of colleges and universities to develop this
curriculum, as well as other courses which expand university-based
hazards and emergency management education. Recently, EMI developed a
prototype curriculum for associate degrees in emergency management based
on existing EMI training courses, which may be used or adapted by
community colleges.
**[Purpose of Conference]{.underline}**
The purpose of EMI's Emergency Management Higher Education Conference is
to bring together Higher Education Project course developers,
representatives of colleges and universities that have hazard, disaster
and emergency management programs, and representatives of schools that
are actively seeking to develop and implement such programs. Attendees
were brought together to discuss the needs of potential course users and
emergency management degree program developers, as well as general items
of interest pertaining to hazards, disaster and emergency management
higher education.
{width="4.010416666666667in"
height="3.011111111111111in"}
*Attendees review the meeting agenda and select*
*the workshops in which they will participate.*
Opening Remarks by Kay C. Goss, CEM
**FEMA's Associate Director for Preparedness, Training, and Exercises**
**Third Annual Higher Education Conference**
**Emergency Management Institute**
**Emmitsburg, Maryland**
**June 28, 2000**
\[Edited\]
Good morning everybody. It\'s a pleasure to be here. This is my favorite
activity of the year, so I\'m glad it finally arrived. I\'ve been
counting the days and weeks until we got together again. This is our
third annual higher education conference. It gets bigger and better
every year. The President, Vice President and Director Witt are all very
proud of our activities here and very proud of the work you do day-in
and day-out in building the professionalism of our jobs.
I wish to thank each of you for taking the time to do this because I
know it\'s really hard to schedule to fly to Washington, spend two whole
days with us, and then fly back home. It takes about four days out of
your year, but I know you do so much with the other 361 days, I know it
will work out okay. I think this is a great opportunity for all of us to
get together in these interactive sessions. It is a great opportunity
for those of you who are developing courses to see, meet, and hear the
anxieties of those of you who are delivering our courses. I also think
it\'s an excellent opportunity for those of you who are looking toward
developing programs to talk with those of you who have successful
programs.
I know that this conference, like the other two we have had, will
encourage us all to do more and better work and that you will feel that
you have a large support group. I think that truly we are each other\'s
support system in this, and I consider myself your chief cheerleader.
That\'s why I wanted to be among the first to greet you today and among
the last to say farewell as you leave tomorrow evening. We have in this
room, representatives of colleges and universities that have successful,
established programs, those of you who are just beginning to develop
programs, and those of you who are just tentatively thinking about
developing those programs.
I hope that our enthusiasm will be contagious to those of you who are
tentatively thinking about it, because there are people in this room who
have done everything from fight their way to get a certificate program
or a bachelor\'s program, or a master\'s program, or a Ph.D. program, to
those who had no trouble establishing it. Like my friend Mary Ann
Rollans at the Arkansas Tech University; she just snaps her fingers, and
things happen magically. I truly appreciate what some of you have to go
through to get the support you need to put together a new degree
program.
Collectively, there are 36 States, Puerto Rico and Canada represented
here today. I think that\'s pretty impressive and speaks volumes about
the importance of what we are doing and the leadership you are
providing.
Our newest partner in this higher education project is Istanbul
Technical University. We just yesterday got the funding for them to
participate in this conference. They did not have an opportunity to
attend this conference, but they will join us next year. Later this
summer, they will participate in our building design institute, which
will be their first official undertaking here in the U.S. We are looking
forward to having them. We may go there on August 17, which is the
anniversary of the earthquake they had last year, the one in Izmit.
This project, and all the work you are doing throughout the country, is
attracting a lot of international attention. I was contacted by a
private sector group called M2T2, the Millennium Multi-cultural Training
Technology Corporation. They have established a network among
universities in Africa and are interested in our project here. Their
program has really taken off since all the flooding in Mozambique.
I am pleased to tell you that, as of today, the count and the amount is
66 emergency management related academic programs across the country, in
47 states. I\'m interested in expanding that more, specifically into the
historically black colleges, the tribal colleges, and the Hispanic
colleges. Also, this project is a good news project, and it is a win-win
project.
But we did have our first disappointment this year. Wyoming\'s Laramie
Community College became discouraged and decided to no longer offer our
emergency management program. We are looking to establish another
program at an institution in Wyoming along with new programs in Montana
and Rhode Island. Then we will have our goal of a program in every state
by the year 2001. There is quite a bit of activity in Montana and more
in Rhode Island. If any of you have contacts in Montana, Rhode Island or
Wyoming, I hope you will give them encouragement, suggestions and advice
for moving the program forward in those states. Dr. Wayne Blanchard will
give you the statistical information on this. He has more counts and
more amounts than I do. He is your preacher, and I am, more or less,
your cheerleader.
Our Higher Education project is always building. I am really proud of
the staff here. I want to say a special thanks to Steve Sharro who has
made this project a priority as our acting superintendent and acting
division director. Also, a special thanks to John Peabody for being such
a good leader and Wayne Blanchard, Juliann Frantz and Linda Straka. They
are dedicated individuals and I hope they have been helpful to you in
that process.
We are doing a little bit of a new project, since I reported to you last
year. We are working on feeding you informed students with our K-12
project. We are developing a curriculum in emergency preparedness for
school children and partnering with the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA), the Maryland Emergency Management Association, and
the Arkansas Emergency Management Association on this. By the end of
this year we should have a prototype that we can spin out to every
State.
This spring we did a pilot project in Bowie, Maryland. The National Fire
Protection Association has something called Risk Watch. It is a
curriculum that is really a personal injury prevention curriculum. It is
glitzy, exciting, and effective. We have asked them to add a component
on natural disasters, and we are working with them to develop it. We
have tried it in suburban Maryland, and it was quite successful. We are
going to try it in a small, rural county in Arkansas this fall and then
put our findings together. Hopefully, next year you will be able to take
a look at this and see if you think it is well founded. We will have
done the research and the early exploratory work on the development of
this curriculum.
Now, I think there are a lot of reasons why this is a good time to build
this program and why you have been successful. First, there is no way to
overestimate the importance of your willingness to simply dig in and do
the work and the willingness of colleges and universities to take a
realistic look at the huge need that exists out there.
Alan Walker mentioned dorm fires earlier. Senator Frank Lautenberg from
New Jersey, right after the Seton Hall University fires, introduced
legislation that would provide \$100 million to make university dorms
disaster resistant, including sprinkler systems and smoke detector
systems. We think this is really good in that it looks at the need for a
national program of disaster management for university campuses.
In addition to our Higher Education project, FEMA has a disaster
resistant universities project. And, of course, the U.S. Fire
Administration is pushing, as their number one priority, fire
prevention. So if we all work together, we think that with some proper
funding from Congress, we can encourage all of our universities to work
in this area.
Many universities (I\'m sure all those that you are affiliated with)
have disaster recovery committees or emergency preparedness committees
and have a plan in place. Lynn Canton, our new executive director at
FEMA and myself, are starting a little pilot project. Alan Walker at
Western Michigan University, and the State University of New York at
Stonybrook have agreed to be a part of the pilot. They will work with
FEMA, the State, and local emergency management in their college
communities in putting together an emergency committee, developing a
plan, and then taking those initial steps to make their university
community disaster resistant. Also, next year, hopefully, we will be
able to report to you on those two pilot projects and decide where we
want to take them.
I think another reason why we have had this success together is because
everybody is now recognizing the importance of emergency management. And
that is true for a number of reasons. First, it is big business; a lot
of money is involved with disaster management. The rising cost and the
frequency of disasters are just astronomical. During the 1990\'s, FEMA
declared 460 major disasters. We have had such severe weather, and the
weather phenomenon is changing.
The National Weather Service has said that the hurricane season this
year is going to be above average in severity. Dr. William Gray says
that it\'s going to be really severe. He said, we could have 12 systems
of hurricane proportions, 8 of which will turn into definite hurricanes,
4 of which could hit along the coast of the U.S.
FEMA did a poll from Massachusetts to Texas about what people had done
to prepare for this upcoming hurricane season. This was done right on
the heels of the devastation suffered last year in Florida, the
Carolinas and up the coast. We found that most people had done nothing
since last year. Most of the people knew what they needed to do, and
they could even recite it. They had gotten our preparedness message;
they just hadn\'t acted on it.
Later in the questions we had framed it such that the expense would be
approximately \$2,000 for retrofitting an existing residence. We asked,
\"If you knew it would cost about \$2,000 to retrofit your home, would
you do it?\" Three quarters of the people surveyed said they would do
it, if they knew the cost. That is the part of the message we have to
get out; that it is affordable. In the U.S., when we consider everything
spent at each level; Federal, State, local, and in the private sector
including the insurance industry-we spend about \$1 billion a week. That
covers managing emergencies, preparing for them, and recovering from
them. So it is big business. Worldwide that figure jumps to \$5 billion
a week.
According to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, the 53
greatest natural disasters in world history occurred between 1990 and
1999. So those alone have resulted in almost \$500 billion worth of
economic losses. In addition to that, it takes a heavy human toll. On
average, 510 people in the U.S. die every year because of disaster and
globally that goes up to an average of 128,000 a year. Last year it was
almost 140,000. It does indicate that it is getting worse.
Emergency managers are faced with a tough job having to work with a
broad range of Federal, State and local partners to lower the
vulnerability of our citizens, particularly those most at risk to
disaster. By investing in solid educational and training programs, we
can ensure that they will have the tools they need to perform this very
important work. In fact, I am prejudice; I believe that there isn\'t a
problem in human society that can\'t be solved with education, training,
and more information. So when we have this increasing severity, I think
that FEMA\'s work on a day-to-day basis is extremely important.
Another factor in our success is the proactive development of such high
quality courses. I am particularly proud of our course developers and
the work that all of you are doing. The courses are being developed very
rapidly, but I don\'t think we are sacrificing quality, and I want to
thank you for that. Together we have developed 10 college-level courses
and we have another 10 under development. This is very exciting and very
positive. We have received some very good suggestions from you on how we
can improve existing and future courses. All of the courses that have
been developed to date are available in electronic format-CD-ROM, and
also via our higher education Web site. We have taken steps to insure
that your recommendations are worked into all phases of our programs.
Please keep your suggestions coming, because we need them and appreciate
them.
The third factor is the students and their demand for emergency
management. There is a growing interest in emergency management
education because of the challenging opportunities the profession
offers. I am glad that we are going to have an opportunity to hear from
those students during this conference. Our students are finding good
jobs. I often brag on Arkansas Tech University. Their first graduate got
a job right away for \$50,000 a year. The second graduate became the
fire chief of a major city in Arkansas.
I remember last year Jack Carrol from George Washington University
talking about how his graduate students were getting offers before
graduating just because they were enrolled in his programs. I also
remember hearing how the program at Oklahoma State University became the
University\'s largest graduate program within about a year\'s time of
being established. The final and most important key to our success is
the growing professionalism in the job. Increasingly, we have people who
are going into emergency management who are actually emergency managers
by degree, education, and life-long interest.
Our vision is that we have children in the first, second, and third
grades saying, after seeing something on CNN or EENET about disaster
management, \"I\'d like to be an emergency manager.\" Children often say
that about fire fighters and police officers. If they say that about
emergency managers, then I think our work will have been successful.
More people in mid-career are returning to college or to EMI to enhance
their skills and build their knowledge. That is a tribute to your hard
work in this higher education project. We have a new breed of
professionals; this is raising the standards.
In the meantime, we are working at FEMA, with the State emergency
management systems. Eric Tolbert of North Carolina and Mike Austin of
Arizona, who co-chair the preparedness committee of National Emergency
Management Association, are leading the way toward an accreditation
process. We hope our Capabilities Assessment for Readiness assessment
piece will be a part of that overall accreditation and standards
setting. As those standards go into place over the next few years, that
will also build the market for higher education programs in emergency
management.
So everything is going well out there. We have a few challenges that
will keep us quite busy over the next several years, but I think we have
only just begun.
Sometimes I like to quote Winston Churchill who said, \"This is not the
end. This is not even the beginning of the end. This is just the end of
the beginning.\" And I think that is essentially where we are right now.
I thank you for being here. I thank you for the work that you are doing.
I think you are making a real difference. Keep up the good work. Keep
the faith. The best is yet to come!
{width="6.0in" height="2.3854166666666665in"}*Ms.
Goss fields questions after her speech*
*and conducts one-on-one talks with conference*
*attendees.*
{width="2.5in" height="2.3854166666666665in"}
**[Status of Emergency Management Higher Education
Project]{.underline}**
Presented by Dr. Wayne Blanchard, CEM (wayne.blanchard@fema.gov)
{width="2.0in" height="2.375in"}Dr. Blanchard
began his presentation by stating the three goals of the Emergency
Management Institute's (EMI) Higher Education Project: 1. Enhance the
Emergency Management Profession and Study of Hazards, Disasters, and
Emergency Management. 2. Support the Development and Maintenance of
College and University Programs. 3. To Have Degree Programs in Every
State by 2001.
Recent large-scale disasters, such as Hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, proved
that existing resources were not able to meet the emergency demands of
these disasters. The emergency infrastructures in these situations were
severely taxed, showing a weakness in the emergency management "system."
In response to these needs EMI refocused its programs to offer less
philosophy and more operational skills; but that was not enough. There
is a definite need for a cadre of professionals at every level of
government and within the private sector who can bring to an
organizational management team requisite education and training.
One problem facing the "professionalization" of Emergency Management
(EM) is that the current stereotype of an emergency manager is a
middle-aged, white, male who does not have a college degree. He has
entered EM as a second or third career from the fire, police, or
military professions, and he has obtained the EM position without any EM
knowledge, skills, or abilities. Dr. Blanchard said, "We are working to
create the next generation of emergency managers who will be college
educated, more professional, have a better knowledge base, be younger,
more diverse, and culturally sensitive. We want them to choose Emergency
Management as their profession of first choice, not come to it later in
their career."
The current EM knowledge base is experiential, through consensus and
reactive to disasters. The next generation of emergency managers will
bring a scientific knowledge base to the job, will have chosen the
profession as a career, be pro-active, life-long learners and join
professional associations.
Risk Assessment skills are central to the next generation of emergency
managers; they must be able to conduct community social vulnerability
analysis. This will be accomplished through building the profession and
teaching our graduates to create disaster-resilient communities.
The economic environment, the natural environment, and the social
environment need to be brought more into the mainstream of what
emergency management does. The hope of many is that the role of
emergency management will be equated with building disaster-resilient
communities. Educating future emergency managers to use the "social
vulnerability" model as well as the traditional "technocratic" model
will help to build the profession.
Higher Education Project activities include maintenance of the college
database/list, compilation of EM course syllabi, proposals compendium,
letters of support, the annual conference, intern opportunities, course
development and Learning Resource Center (LRC) access. The material
available at the LRC is an excellent resource of new information for
course developers, instructors, and students alike.
There is a definite need today for associate, bachelor and graduate
degree programs. The courses being developed pursuant to this need are
aimed at college students, and thus they are academic in nature and are
not advanced training courses.
The higher education courses that exist are all upper division and
classroom-based. We are striving to create courses that are
ready-to-teach with more interactive student involvement. There are 11
existing courses and another 9 under development. Thirty-two States and
Puerto Rico have Emergency Management programs; nine States are
investigating EM programs and six States have EM-related programs (\*For
current statistics see "Higher Education Slide Presentation: on this Web
site). All 11 existing courses are available via the Internet
\[http://www.fema.gov/emi/edu\]; CD-ROM; and the National Technical
Information Service at the Department of Commerce. Approximately three
courses are produced per year; however, this rate can change due to
funding.
Dr. Blanchard concluded by thanking all the attendees for all the hard
work they have done in the past and urged them to forge on into the
future.
The PowerPoint slide show that accompanied Dr. Blanchard's presentation
can be found on the Higher Education Project Web page
> <http://www.fema.gov/emi/edu>
**[Status of Fire/Emergency Services Higher Education
Project]{.underline}**
Presented by Edward J. Kaplan, Education Specialist, USFA
(ed.kaplan@fema.gov)
{width="1.9in" height="1.75in"}
Mr. Edward Kaplan began his presentation by explaining that the U.S.
Fire Administration (USFA) administers the Federal fire programs for the
U.S. Government, and is a part of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA). The USFA offers a variety of programs in public fire
education, sprinkler research and other applied technologies. Within the
USFA is the National Fire Academy (NFA), which is responsible for
delivering training to the Nation's fire service.
Mr. Kaplan's major responsibility is NFA's higher education program,
including the Degrees at a Distance Program. This higher education
program is an upper-level independent study program comprising 300- and
400-level courses delivered by seven U.S. colleges and universities with
which NFA has agreements.
Mr. Kaplan's goal is to build a national network of schools offering
fire science degree programs. In 1999, NFA hosted 65 attendees at its
first Fire and Emergency Service Higher Education Conference, which
provided the goal to: establish an organization of post-secondary
institutions to promote higher education and to enhance the recognition
of the fire and emergency services as a profession and thus to reduce
loss of life and property from fire and other hazards.
Mr. Kaplan stated that the "other hazards" portion of this statement
means emergency management. While it's too soon to call it a fire and
emergency management consortium, his ultimate vision is to have a
convergence of these two programs. Mr. Kaplan is aware that emergency
management degrees are the "hot" degree programs right now, and there
are many fire science programs currently trying to incorporate emergency
management components. Mr. Kaplan says it is only a matter of time
before the union does exist.
Two additional objectives were formulated at this meeting. The first is
to develop and recommend initiatives that would support the mission of
Fire and Emergency Services higher education to include:
- Curriculum development, support, and standardization;
- Promotion and support of networking;
- Basic and applied research; and
- Promotion of higher education as a component of professional
development.
The second objective is to establish a partnership with FEMA/USFA and
this Nation's accredited institutions offering higher education degrees
in fire and emergency services. USFA is trying to build a higher
education network modeled after NFA's Training Resources and Data
Exchange (TRADE) program. There would be co-chairs elected: one from a
baccalaureate degree program and one from an associate degree program in
each of the 10 FEMA regions. They would meet and set standards of
education.
The outcomes of this year's Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education
Conference:
- Improved collaboration between the academic fire programs and
national and State fire service leaders.
- Recommended model fire science curriculum:
> \- Fire Prevention
>
> \- Building Construction
>
> \- Fire Protection Hydraulics
>
> \- Introduction to Fire Protection Systems
>
> \- Introduction to Fire Science
>
> \- Fire Behavior and Combustion
- National Survey of Academic Fire Programs.
The ultimate goal is to foster partnerships between training and
institutions of higher education where certification and academic
credits are understood and accepted by both parties.
Mr. Kaplan noted that there is a leadership void at the State level in
fire science; many fire science degree program coordinators do not talk
to each other; consequently, NFA is trying to get the directors of State
fire service training to sponsor leadership programs to bring fire
science coordinators together where they can begin to map Statewide
curriculums. Mr. Kaplan would then like to see open dialogue between the
degree programs and the State fire service training coordinators.
Mr. Kaplan pointed to the following online resources for follow up
information:
http://usfa.fema.gov/nfa/tr_ddp.htm
http://usfa.fema.gov/nfa/tr_high.htm
http://www.fema.gov:8080/\~USFA
http://www.firedawg.com
He noted that the last Web site offers a compendium of associate and
baccalaureate degree programs by State and those institutions offering
degrees through distance learning.
Mr. Kaplan said that the Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education
Consortium's goal is to foster the collaboration between fire service
training and higher education. And, with that in hand, he would like to
see expand cooperation with emergency management degree programs.
# Group 1: Course Development Sessions
##
## Marketing Programs/Building Student Interest
**Moderator:** Carter Jones
## [Marketing Programs]{.underline}
Some of the issues in attracting students include:
- Tough questions that can't be answered; e.g., "What kind of a salary
can I expect as an emergency manager?" Because there aren't many new
jobs as emergency managers.
- Programs have to be flexible. In some areas of the country, when the
wildfire season occurs, courses can't be offered because emergency
management specialists, law enforcement personnel, and fire
personnel work day and night and are unable to take the courses.
Therefore, the courses may have to be offered seasonally. Also, many
working professionals have to take the courses at night or on
weekends.
- The political atmosphere does not always encourage career
development. Innovative ways must be developed to get around the
political atmosphere.
- Bureaucracy hurts in servicing students. For example, in many
institutions it is a mammoth undertaking just to register. The whole
process needs to be streamlined.
- State emergency people do not always support our program. Much work
needs to be done in this area. Channels of communication must be
established and maintained.
- Many of our own representatives in institutions are in competition
with each other.
- There is a need for course exchange in order for some programs to
survive.
- Professional development: We need to look at health care facilities
and safety people in industry, mental health personnel, fire,
police, emergency management specialists, Red Cross, Salvation Army,
ham radio operators, and accreditation opportunities for educators,
principals, and assistant principals.
- Course developers need to do a better job of communicating with EMI,
giving more input so that EMI can advertise.
- Demographics play a significant role. The larger, urban areas have
more money and can attract more students. The rural areas don't have
that drawing capability.
- Institutional resources---many institutions have excellent faculty
and money to spend.
- Matriculation---that is an issue that must be addressed concerning
courses and transferring to other institutions.
#### [Building Student Interest]{.underline}
- Clear, focused advertising is needed. The program must attract
students who are asking themselves, "What do I want to do and where
do I want to go?"
```{=html}
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```
- Innovation, energy, and excitement are key ingredients to the
recruitment and retention of students.
- It is necessary that outside experts come in and reinforce our
programs.
- Case studies are important, exploring recent events as well as past
ones.
- Also important are: student clubs, interactive opportunities,
internships with pay.
- Realistic drills and exercises are important. Suggestion: Students
could observe a simulated hurricane, tornado, or terrorist event
response.
- New technologies: geographic information systems and components.
## Public Administration and Emergency Management Course
**Moderator:** Dr. William Waugh, Jr. (wwaugh@gsu.edu)
This course was developed for use by emergency management or public
administration professors. Topics covered include: intergovernmental and
private sector relations, paying for large-scale disasters, land-use
planning and hazards, legal and liability issues, and implementing
emergency management policies. This course is currently available.
This group discussed:
- Undergraduate, basic, public administration classes dealing with
issues such as the amount of American government that necessarily
needs to be discussed in a class dealing with public administration
and emergency management. One must understand the intergovernmental
system fundamentally to understand how emergency management operates
and how to deal with such things as disaster declarations and how
governments interact at the local, state, and federal levels.
- Basic concepts of public administration and the relationship to
emergency management.
- Concepts such as acceptable risk, organizational culture, how
military organizations may deal with non-profits, how police
departments may deal with fire departments, and the differences of
the organizational cultures.
- Issues such as disaster insurance---why we don't rely on that rather
than the system we have currently.
- How basic things like planning and land use planning would be
necessary in certain courses and how important computing would be.
It has been decided that in teaching public administration classes,
administrators need only be computer literate; they don't have to be
computer experts.
- Practical side of how to get lists of videos. There is a wealth of
videos that are useful in class; e.g., the Nova series on the
Spanish flu outbreak of 1918, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and
the Three Mile Island video.
- Professionalism---what it means in terms of the state of the
profession of emergency management, where we are going, how to deal
with students, and how that fits into the context of other
professions.
**A Social Vulnerability Approach to Emergency Management Course**
**Moderators:** Dr. Elaine Enarson (<enarson@uswest.net>) and Dr. Ben
Wisner (bwisner@igc.org)
This course development project is being led by Dr. Elaine Enarson of
Metropolitan State University, Denver and will support emergency
management curriculum. Topics include introduction to vulnerability
analysis, social construction of disaster vulnerability, social power
and constraints in disaster, implications and practical applications,
and reducing vulnerability; change strategies. The course is expected to
be available March 2002.
This group discussed the following:
- Social vulnerability as an alternative approach to emergency
management and how that has a lot of implications for how emergency
managers relate to communities, how communities in turn relate and
become involved in the planning process and the mitigation process,
the kinds of classes that need to be designed, and the kinds of
conversations in community dialogs that emergency managers need to
have.
{width="2.625in" height="1.5in"}
- Root causes that might create a differential distribution of risk in
any society. The question "What is it that is so deeply rooted in
our culture that puts certain key groups of people more at risk than
others?" was posed. Factors such as racial inequality, gender-based
inequality, and economic inequality were mentioned.
- Starting from the notion of root causes, the group then looked at
social and structural trends that exacerbate conditions. These
include global and environmental degradation and the international
political economy. There are factors such as hyper-urbanization, the
global rise in female-heads of households and epidemics like AIDS,
that are creating more and more crises for the work at hand. That
puts certain groups of people in risky, unsafe living conditions.
The point is to break the concept that special people have special
needs. The vulnerability approach looks at these as social sets of
relationships between people which can and need to be changed.
- The need to balance the notion of vulnerability with capability,
resourcefulness, and the strength of local people.
- Creative ways to work; e.g., using the community policing model. The
vulnerability approach opens up different ways of thinking about
interventions and organizing.
- Need for more case studies and the real concern that students need
to understand that these issues are not something that is happening
in some other part of the world. The United States is part of the
global community, and these same factors are at work here.
- Need for a course on social vulnerability that draws on concrete
case studies not only of the impact of disasters of various kinds on
vulnerable populations but on how vulnerability is constructed and
the long-term recovery needs of people who live in risky situations.
**[Accreditation of Emergency Management Programs]{.underline}**
Presented by Alan Walker, Ph.D., Western Michigan University
(alan.walker@wmich.edu)
{width="2.0in" height="1.625in"}Dr. Walker began
his presentation by explaining that accreditation in foreign countries
is usually established and maintained by a central government bureau. By
comparison, in the United States, public authority in education is
constitutionally reserved to the States. This accreditation system is a
voluntary, nongovernmental evaluation performed by associations that
recognize educational institutions and programs within institutions.
There are two fundamental types of accreditation in the United States:
institutional accreditation and specialized accreditation.
Institutional accreditation is granted by regional and national
accrediting commissions of schools, i.e., Middle States Association of
Colleges and Schools, Western Association of Schools and Colleges, and
the Accrediting Council for Independent Schools and Colleges. Committees
or commissions within national professional associations accredit
professional and occupational schools and programs within colleges and
universities; e.g., The American Bar Association, American Medical
Association (AMA), and the American Board of Funeral Service.
Many organizations that conduct accreditation hold membership or are
recognized by one or both of the following organizations: the
Association of Specialized and Professional Accreditors (ASPA) and/or
the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). ASPA is an
organization whose members are specialized and professional accreditors.
ASPA sets national educational standards for entry into approximately 40
specialized disciplines. CHEA acts as the national policy center and
clearinghouse on accreditation for the entire higher education
community.
The first professional association, the AMA, was founded in 1847. At
about this time, States began enacting licensing statutes intended to
protect the professions and to combat fraud and the low quality of
educational programs. Over time, accreditation became a collaboration
among practioners, educators, and regulators. A good example of this
partnership is seen in the accreditation of Funeral Service Education
(Appendix C, pp. 11-12).
Dr. Walker then spoke about the history of accreditation for
fire-related degree programs. In 1979, a special report, *Accreditation
in Fire Training and Education*, was completed by the Advisory Committee
on Fire Training and Education of the National Academy for Fire
Prevention and Control. Based on this report three recommendations were
made: 1. An independent organization should be established that is
responsible for the review/evaluation process for fire-related education
programs. 2. The organization should meet the recognition requirements
of the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation (COPA), a forerunner of
CHEA. 3. The National Fire Academy is to act as a catalyst to secure
accreditation, financing, and to assist in determining operational
format.
There has been criticism and concern over accreditation in the United
States. Some of the argument has its basis in the constant struggle
between the need for rigor, standardization, and quality assurance
versus the need for flexibility, innovation, and diversity. At times,
these interests can be working at cross-purposes. Other concerns
regarding accreditation are more straightforward, such as distance
learning. Some concerns include how accrediting bodies are going to
provide for quality assurance and how they are to take into account the
effect that distance education has on student life and the roles of
professors when evaluating the quality of education courses. These and
other questions form the core of the distance education conundrum.
Because the development of emergency management as an academic
discipline is in its formative stage, leaders in this industry have a
unique opportunity not only to build and strengthen existing degree
programs, but also to simultaneously provide a sound basis for these
programs, which will earn them the public's trust. This can be achieved
through specialized accreditation.
Dr. Walker's paper "Development of Specialized Accreditation for
Emergency Management Degree Programs" can be found in Appendix A.
**[Needs of Emergency Management Students]{.underline}**
**Panelists:** Daniel Robeson, University of North Texas; Jane Kushma,
University of Tennessee; and Jeffery Hartle, CFPS, Arkansas Tech
There are three areas of need for EM students according to Mr. Daniel
Robeson: in the classroom, the structure of programs and external
support. In the classroom there needs to be a better selection of texts,
more case studies, more varied topics, more up-to-date materials used,
and more outside speakers, i.e., experts who can relate EM experiences.
Under structure of the program, Mr. Robeson, said there needs to be a
balance between practical, "hands-on" experience and theory. Students
also need better routes of transition from the classroom to the
workplace. Through interaction with experts and existing emergency
professionals, students have the chance to "visualize" themselves as EM
professionals. More alumni support would also help students secure jobs.
It was also noted that EM faculty and programs need to reflect more
quickly the current trends in training.
With regard to external support, Mr. Robeson said that internships are
one of the best learning experiences for EM students. His fellow
students suggested that the EM field needs more internships on the
regional level, not only in Washington, DC. More scholarships and
student discounts for conferences, professional memberships, and
publications were suggested. Mr. Robeson also said that paid internships
are wanted and needed by most EM students.
The final point Mr. Robeson made was that EM students need to be
unified. The formation of the International Emergency Management Student
Association (IEMSA) offers students a chance to exchange information and
helps them find opportunities for both internships and employment.
Ms. Kushma and Mr. Hartle agreed with all of Mr. Robeson's points. Ms.
Kushma provided a list of Service Learning references and resources.
(See Appendix B.) EM students need to have access to active learning, be
able to develop an identity with the profession, and have a chance to
network within the profession, according to Ms. Kushma. Mr. Hartle spoke
of the need for full-time, tenured EM professors. Adjunct staff cannot
focus on the future of the EM profession when their first duties are to
a different major. Dedicated instructors can offer EM students
mentoring; career planning; networking opportunities; and modeling of
attitudes, behaviors, communication, education, and professionalism.
Conference attendance was also discussed: which ones to attend,
facilitating student travel, and networking opportunities. Mr. Hartle
reiterated the need for paid internships outside of Washington, DC. Mr.
Hartle said instructors need to come up with creative solutions to
internships.
**[Emergency Management Resources]{.underline}**
**Panelists:** Tom Behm, Julie Beecken, Dr. Sarah Michaels, Juliann
Frantz, Jane Kushma,
Bruce Marshall
Ms. Linda Straka introduced a panel of resource specialists who provided
information on how to collect publications, audiovisuals, photos, case
studies, and videotape footage for use in current and developing
courses. According to Mr. Tom Behm, there are thousands of publications
available through the FEMA's publication division. A catalog can be
requested by calling 800-480-2520. The request line is open 8 a.m. to 5
p.m. Monday through Friday. E-mail requests for the catalog can be sent
to \[ron.guthrie@fema.gov\].
The Learning Resource Center (LRC) has more than 50,000 books, research
reports, journals, and audiovisual materials for emergency management
and fire service and emergency medical services. The LRC Web site is:
\[www.lrc.fema.gov\]. Phone requests for publications are taken at
800-638-1821 or 301-447-1030. The E-mail address is:
\[netclr@fema.gov\]. The LRC offers free article research and
inter-library loans. (See Appendix C for the proper forms).
Dr. Sarah Michaels said that the The Natural Hazards Research and
Applications Information Center has a Web site
\[http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/index.html\]. There are two
publications available through the Web site: *The Natural Hazards
Observer* and *Disaster Research*. Both have searchable databases.
Anyone is welcome to visit the center in Colorado, but it is not a
lending library nor does it have the staff to conduct bibliographic
research. The Center does charge research and retrieval fees.
Ms. Juliann Frantz gave a presentation on how to retrieve free disaster
photos from the Web. (Please see Appendix D for the full PowerPoint
presentation that includes free photo Web sites.)
Ms. Jane Kushma compiled a list of case study references, Web sites, and
journals. Please see Appendix E. She is also coordinating an electronic
discussion group on Emergency Management Service Learning. To
participate in this discussion group, contact Ms. Kushma at
\[jane-kushma@utc.edu\].
Mr. Bruce Marshall of the Support Systems Branch of EMI is responsible
for the Independent Study Program, EENET, and a video library. The
weekly EENET broadcasts (90 minutes) offer excellent television
instruction. They are available through each State emergency management
agency or the FEMA regional offices. Mr. Marshall has a large collection
of disaster, emergency management, and exercise footage available. This
footage is free in VHS format. If Beta-SP format is needed, the producer
needs to provide tape stock to Mr. Marshall. He is always looking for
additional footage for the library.
**[Group 2: Course Development Sessions]{.underline}**
**Disaster Response and Operations Course**
**Moderator:** Dr. David Neal (daveneal@prodigy.net)
This course is being developed by Dr. David Neal of the University of
North Texas and supports the emergency management curriculum. Topics
will include case studies, warning, evacuation and sheltering, the
Federal Response plan, the emergency operations center and disaster
response issues and special considerations. This course is expected to
be available by May 2001.
Some of the main topics covered were:
- The context of learning about disaster response and operations,
especially in terms of the disaster phases
- Looking at the big picture of a disaster
- Defining what a disaster is and realizing that multiple definitions
exist
- Issues of knowledge-based education, what kind of knowledge, and
whose knowledge is valid in a disaster
- Issues of emergence and flexibility
Two themes emerged during the discussions:
- *Curriculum development:* How are these ideas developed and
integrated into the curriculum; what is meant by the professions of
emergency management and disaster management; what is meant by the
sociology of disaster or people in public administration who study
disaster? How much overlap or lack of consensus is there amongst
those different fields and professions?
- *Issues of management and leadership theory:* What types of tools do
disaster managers need to be effective before, during, and after a
disaster? Are these management leadership issues an art or a
science; is there something that can be pulled from studies to make
the disaster manager's job easier?
> The group discussed the "Star Trek" model or metaphor of what type of
> leadership style might be better in a disaster.
>
> They considered the Kirk versus Picard Model, or Kirk versus Spock
> Model, or Kirk versus Data Model: pure, raw rationality versus "gut"
> intuition to make decisions. How can these be combined to make
> effective disaster managers, especially during a disaster response
> phase?
In differentiating between the professions of emergency management and
disaster management, emergency management refers to those day-to-day
activities that police, fire, paramedics, and others do versus disaster
management, where people are getting ready or responding to the low-
probability, high-consequence types of events such as disasters.
**Community Hazards Risk Assessment**
**Moderator:** Dr. Ben Wisner (bwisner@igc.org)
This course is being developed by Dr. Ben Wisner, Oberlin College, and
will support emergency management curriculum. Topics include hazard
identification, community mapping, risk analysis, using risk assessment
for plans and programs, and policy implications and issues. This course
is expected to be available March 2002.
The hazards risk assessment outline should be familiar because it has
been promulgated by FEMA for about 10 years; it is world wide; and it is
a fairly standard risk assessment methodology beginning with hazard
identification, moving into hazard analysis, and dealing with various
spatial and temporal aspects of extreme events.
The group discussed community profiling or community mapping, which is a
key to vulnerabilities in terms of the physical infrastructure, the
built environment, business exposure, and population groups. Also, it
pertains not only to vulnerabilities but also to capacities and
resources.
The group also discussed how hazards risk assessment fits into
preparedness and mitigation planning. They talked about policy issues
that need to be discussed at community and other levels. Some of these
were very difficult issues; e.g., acceptability of risk. What is the
level of acceptable risk that a community is willing to accept?
The instructor's guide cannot go into these political and ethical issues
in great depth, but the issues have to be included as part of the
context. The instructor's guide should have in it a whole range of tools
at the bottom-up, low-end of community-based risk assessment (such as
interviewing, listening). At the high- end, Hazards-United States
(HAZUS), computer-assisted kinds of risk assessment, and the Geographic
Information System (GIS) are some of the topics that need to be
addressed. The fact is that there are parts of the United States where
there are no resources to do full-blown, high-end analysis. On the other
hand, if you can motivate people (broad partnerships involving faith
communities, businesses, etc.), it is always possible to do
community-based work
The group then discussed pedagogy. The products being developing must be
student friendly and user friendly. There must be case studies, use of
primary data, hands-on opportunities, desktop exercises, and team
efforts.
**Building Disaster Resilient Communities Course**
**Moderators:** Dr. Robert Patterson (rgfp@mail.utexas.edu) and
Dr. Edward J. Kaiser (ekaiser@imap.unc.edu)
This course development project is being led by Dr. Ray Burby, UNC,
Chapel Hill. It is being designed as a capstone course for seniors
within a emergency management curriculum. Topics will include legacy of
vulnerability/vision of resilience, sustainability, smart growth,
managing change to build hazard resilience, using resilience-building
tools, and creating resilience. This course is expected to be available
September 2001.
The group talked about sustainability and smart growth and went on to
try to clarify sustainability, which was the ultimate goal. Dr.
Patterson used the Ballagio Principles, developed by an international
group of measurement practitioners and researchers from five continents,
who, in 1996, met in Ballagio, Italy to review progress to date and to
synthesize insights from practical ongoing efforts. Sustained growth is
based on the following principles:
- Guiding vision and goals
- Holistic perspective
- Essential elements
- Adequate scope
- Practical focus
- Openness
- Effective communication
- Broad participation
- Ongoing assessment
- Institutional capacity
Dr. Kaiser presented a study he is doing with the University of North
Carolina in Kenston, a city that has a lot of flood issues and that was
badly affected during the last hurricane. Emergency personnel tried to
move people out of the flood zone into areas that were not so prone to
flooding. Actually, they tried to move the entire town to a new
location; however, the community decided against it.
There are four parts to the course:
- Part 1: Vulnerability and the vision of resilience
- Part 2: Managing change to building a housing-resilient community
- Part 3: Using resilient building tools
- Part 4: Creating resilience
There are exercises for each part, and each part builds on the next
part, with the final presentation of Part 4. The responses they received
from a group that was previously there included:
- Build more preparedness, response, and recovery into the course
- Address special populations; e.g., the economic forces and determine
how these forces will impact the overall community
- Assess the stakeholders more closely
- Consider the social implications of moving communities out of a
flood-prone areathe poor, the different ethnic groups, group homes,
foster homes, battered women's shelters, etc.
**Distance Learning Panel**
**Moderators:** Dr. Alan Walker, Dennis Hickethier, Dr. Walter Green,
Don Schramm, Dr. Harold Stone, and Sally Turner
Some of the realities of distance learning include:
- It is actually quite expensive
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- There is a definite time commitment
- There may not be a shared vision among all of the faculty
- There is the question of faculty compensation
- There is the question of why a faculty person should do distance
learning
- There is resistance to change
- There are policy issues
Some types of programs that have been developed aim at specific
audiences. Some target groups may live a distance away and are unable to
get to the campus. Distance learning is a way of targeting that
particular audience. From an administrative viewpoint, aren't we
competing with each other for, in many cases, the same pool of students?
We don't have the same number of traditional students, so aren't we all
going after the non-traditional students? That means offering evening
courses, weekend courses, short courses, distance learning
coursesanything that can be done to make our individual universities
more competitive. In a sense, that is what some of these programs are
very effectively doing.
The group discussed specific courses that have been developed; some were
on the Internet, and some were done with computer discs. The point was
made that even though Internet-based education is time consuming,
difficult, expensive, and risky, it cannot be ignored.
Where to start? Start small; start with one course; start with what you
know; start with a known audience; and start where you have competitive
advantage.
Look at the software that is available directly to your universities;
also look at the software that is available commercially.
**[Group 3: Course Development Sessions]{.underline}**
**Community-Based Emergency Management**
## Moderator: Sam Isenberger
Following a significant disaster event, emergency managers tell people
the truth. The people are told that they must take care of themselves,
that local, State, or federal personnel will not be there for any length
of time, and that the people need to have disaster supply kits. If you
think about it, that's acting as if all these people need after this
particular event is some water to drink, some food to eat, and some
other things. However, we have the premise that when these events occur,
there are going to be a lot of things out there that will be
"responsive" in nature. Do emergency managers have a responsibility at
the community level, the neighborhood level, and at the bottom-up level
to prepare these people to take care of themselves if we are not going
to be there? The answer is "Yes."
Emergency managers take on this concept by:
- Going into and sectoring communities
- Recruiting teams of people from neighborhoods, training them to take
care of themselves, and teaching them some very straightforward
skills that will make a difference
- Teaching the community about disaster preparedness and the hazards
to be faced
- Teaching about the vulnerability to disasters
- Telling the community what can be done before, during, and after
particular events and the truth about what is going to happen and
what they are going to have to do
Emergency management personnel teach people hands-on skills, such as
- How to turn off utilities
- The importance of staying away from hazardous materials even if
people in the vicinity are hurt
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- Fire chemistry, the use of fire extinguishers, fire suppression
- Medical skillshow to stop bleeding, open an airway, and how to treat
for shock; triage; head-to-toe assessment; how to set up a treatment
area; and how to do light search rescue.
- Not only what *to* do but also what *not* to do
- Size-up capabilitieslook at a situation and decide whether it is
lightly, moderately, or heavily damaged and then to make some
response decisions based on how the problem is determined
- Disaster psychology and team organizationthere is a need for
somebody to be in charge, to organize, to have accountability, to
keep records, and to interface
The goal is to integrate people into the emergency management system at
the grassroots level. How does that apply? If there were a significant
event, be it a tornado, an earthquake, or a terrorist incident, and if
there were numerous people hurt, this would be a situation that would
overwhelm the community resources. Who would you depend on? Who would
you call? Personnel need to be trained to help each other. Take a look
at staff, administration, and maintenance. All those people should be
integrated into the system, and they should be trained in skills that
will make a difference in terms of saving the lives of people.
That is what the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) is all about.
It was borrowed from the Los Angeles City Fire Department. They
developed this program based on an earthquake threat. It is an 18-hour
program, and typically it is taught in a community 1 day a week for 2 ½
hours over a 7-week period. It really has made a difference; and it has
really grown. At present, there is some form of a CERT program in about
23 states. Probably 80,000 to 100,000 people have gone through the
program. These are people who know they will have to care for
themselves, their families, their neighbors, and their community after a
disaster event, and this training program is the way to do it.
To find out more about the program, visit the Web site:
[www.fema.gov/emi/cert](http://www.fema.gov/emi/cert)
**Terrorism and Emergency Management Course**
**Moderator:** Dr. William Waugh, Jr. (wwaugh@gsu.edu)
This course was developed by Dr. William Waugh, Jr. of Georgia State
University for use by emergency management college curriculums. It
consist of 374 pages and topics include: history of terrorism in the
United States, domestic and international terrorism, law
enforcement/national security aspects, applying emergency management
framework, the structure of antiterrorism programs and preparing and
responding to major events.
Terrorism in the United States is a hazard that has been with us
throughout our history and will continue to be with us. As such, perhaps
it ought to be handled much like other sorts of environmental hazards;
that is, the hazard needs to be defined in terms of the key elements.
The group discussed the nature of domestic terrorism in the United
States in terms of what we are familiar with: Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis,
Aryan groups, the Order, the Christian Patriots, the skin heads,
survivalists, militias, and the Freemen. This diversity makes it
difficult to predict and avert terrorist attacks.
They discussed the notion of the threat to Americans overseas. For the
most part, Americans are not that threatened. Last year, there were only
four or five Americans killed. That is a small number given our overall
population. Violence does, however, tend to run in cycles. There are
dangerous places in the world, and Americans tend to be targets; we are
not universally loved.
The United States has a range of violence, but it is a lower order of
violencefrom school violence to work place violence. How can
counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism programs be structured in a way
that is far more comprehensive in terms of preparedness, mitigation, and
response efforts? Perhaps it should be built from the ground up in terms
of looking at the fundamental security of buildings, to behaviors in
organizations, to the layering of security.
The group discussed weapons of mass destruction. It was stated that we
might include more than just nuclear devices, biological weapons,
chemical weapons, and radioactive material. It was suggested that we
ought to include cyber terrorism and conventional weapons that can kill
a large group of people: explosives, assault weapons, and fertilizer
bombs. It was suggested that maybe the United States should expand its
definition of the weapons of mass destruction. It is the simple sabotage
of complex systems that endangers lives.
They discussed the politics of the way counter-terrorism and
anti-terrorism programs are being structured in terms of how the money
is being distributed among jurisdictions that may or may not have a
genuine risk; how there is conflict and competition among agencies for
monies; how, perhaps, the hazard might be defined in a way that makes it
easier to deal with in a comprehensive way, along with other hazards,
but also in a way whereby the amount of exposure and risk might be
reduced.
Questions were raised about civil liberties and civil rights in relation
to counter-terrorism issues; e.g., if there were a debate or a class on
terrorism, would that stimulate someone to do something they should not
do? That *is* a real possibility.
**Earthquake Hazard and Emergency Management Course**
**Moderator:** Dr. Walter Hays
This course is being developed by Dr. Walter Hays, USGS (Ret.) and
currently, Senior Program Manager, Sustainable Built Environment,
American Society of Civil Engineers. It is being designed to support a
general emergency management curriculum. ASCE supports emergency
management curriculum. Topics will include causes, characteristics,
consequences, societal impacts of earthquakes, the community's hazard,
build and policy environments and examples of policies and programs.
This course is expected to be available by September 2001.
This group discussed the development of Dr. Walter Hays' course, which
is an attempt to blend the scientific knowledge of the earthquake hazard
with emergency management principles in an attempt to look at all of the
different aspects of how to deal with earthquakes, how to assess risk
and vulnerability, and how to translate that into specific strategies
for dealing with the hazard.
Dr. Hays used what he refers to as the "virtual reality situation
assessment." He showed 60-80 slides of different earthquake
effectseither the physical effects or potential effects on people. He
asked the students to generate some sort of a narrative: "What do you
see from these pictures?" The strategy behind this is that the more
people can get into this and experience it, the more they will
personalize the risk. His ultimate goal in the course is to take people
who are uneducated in regard to the earthquake hazard and to transform
them, by the end of 15 weeks, into advocates for the program.
**Fundamentals of Emergency Management**
## Moderator: Dr. Wayne Blanchard, CEM (wayne.blanchard@fema.gov)
Dr. Blanchard presented excerpts from the "Fundamentals of U.S.
Emergency Management" session of his working draft Higher Education
Project course---"Hazards, Disasters and the U.S. Emergency Management
System---An Introduction."
In outline form the fundamentals of U.S. emergency management, as
presented in this draft course are:
1. Bottom-up approach
2. Intergovernmental
3. All-hazards (comprehensive emergency management)
4. Integrated Emergency Management (IEM or IEMS)
5. Four phases of disaster life-cycle
6. Building disaster resilient communities
This group discussed the following:
- Emergency management has changed radically in the past 20 to 30
years. In the beginning, FEMA focused on a national security
perspective; then it switched over to a natural disaster
perspective. More recently, it has moved into immediate response.
Most recently, it has begun focusing on mitigation. The newest
emerging trend is building disaster resilient communities and
sustainable development.
- There were discussions and presentations on the fact that there is
no clear definition or consensus on exactly what emergency
management is, what it means, and the scope of the subject.
- There are two particular models to describe the various approaches:
> *Technocratic or structural model*the focus is on the hazard and
> problem- solving techniques, engineering approaches, and top-down
> approaches.
>
> *Vulnerability or behavioral model*the focus is on the social,
> economic, and behavioral aspects of the disaster; the idea is more to
> reduce the vulnerability of people. This is more of a bottom-up
> approach.
Currently the technocratic model seems to be the most prevalent
approach.
The group discussed the fact that these courses were designed to bring
beginning students into the foldmainly the 18 to 22-year-old students.
What is happening is that second career and continuing education
students are enrolling. That is great, but the long-term focus is to
start with young students coming into college and having them say, "I
want this to be my major."
The group also discussed the need for more statistics on job
availability and salaries; these are the first questions asked by the
deans.
They discussed the need for some advanced courseworkmore academic rigor
in some of the courses, particularly in having more details of case
studiesnot just a brief history of what happened someplace, but how to
really integrate and use a case study as a learning toolintegrating
economic analysis, quantitative and statistical approaches to the fields
so that information can be taken back to the deans, department chairs,
and accreditation bodies to show that this is a significant academic
discipline.
| en |
markdown | 091676 | # Presentation: 091676
## Teaching, Learning and the Future of the Internet Nov, 1999
**Dr. Terence W. Rogers**
**Director, Abilene Project**
## Internet2 Project Goals
**Internet2 Project Goals**
**Enable new generation of applications**
**Re-create leading edge R&E network capability**
**Transfer capability to the global production Internet**
## UCAID Member Universities 150+ Members
- University of Puerto Rico not shown
## Driver behind these changes
**BANDWIDTH - BANDWIDTH BANDWIDTH**
**UNIT costs will fall dramatically and then move to a Moore’s Law track**
**We will have a PC model of getting more for your money**
**Compared to today we may as well think of bandwidth as Free**
## Qwest Network in 2000
- “The network could simultaneously carry the traffic generated by 300,000 broadcast channels -- more than 100 times the number of channels available worldwide today - and still have capacity to spare.”
## Three Major Themes
## 1. It will look different ...
**HDTV quality**
**Entertainment Level impact**
**Interactive **
**Large Screens, Wall projections ...**
## 1A. It will become even more so ...
**TeleImmersion**
**Realistic virtual presence**
**Realistic virtual objects**
**Introducing touch ... **
## Educational Opportunities
**Specific Lessons**
**Educational Channels (by the 100’s)**
**Tele-Classrooms**
**Visualization - modeling ...**
**The creation of central Resource Labs**
**What is the role of the Commercial world?**
## Educational Impact?
**Teachers**
- Information overload
- Vocational Training becomes distributed?
**The teacher as guide not giver of info**
**The teacher as ethical, behavioral, or dare I say it moral guide**
## 2. We will be Totally Wired
**Your House**
**Your Car**
**Your Body, (health signs etc.)**
**Your Work place (wherever that is!)**
** ****&**
**Your SCHOOL**
## Remote Teaching Environments
**Electron Microscope example U. Mich.**
**Centralized specialized Resources**
**Is this too VIRTUAL? -- Training for how the “real world” will be**
**Imagine how it will be with TeleImmersion!!**
## Classroom Kits
**The Wired Classroom -- Hands on physical objects**
**Models shipped from and managed by remote site**
## 3. Collaboration
**The other BIG change**
**Beyond videoconferencing, and Chat Rooms etc**
**Tools for shared writing, thinking, designing**
**Shared environments & models**
## Collaborative Education
**Kids helping Kids**
- conversational French!
**Teachers helping Teachers**
**Distributed Classroom**
- Special Ed needs
- More specialization possible
## Some PERSONAL observations
**We can not afford the current distance from the Commercial World**
**Kids will increasingly learn more from the world about them than from “school”**
**A Dominant trend is Diversification**
## My Guess as to the Future
**Schools as we know them will disappear**
**Educational Material will be created & supplied completely remotely**
**By a mix of Educators, Entertainers, Commercial Org’s .....**
**It will not be delivered but Selected**
**Dramatic need for Values and Standards - the role of the Teachers**
**Testing will be the responsibility of the Individual and the Receiving Org**** **
## AND SO ....
**If that scares you half as much as it scares me, I hope you will participate in making it come out well**
**The only thing I am sure of is that I am UNDERESTIMATING the change!**
## Slide 19
## Slide 20
## Remote Scanning Electron Microscope
**University of Michigan**
## Philips XL30
- Philips XL30
## Slide 23
## Slide 24
## Slide 25
## Teleimmersion
**University of Illinois-Chicago**
**University of Illinois-NCSA**
**Old Dominion University**
## Slide 27
## Immersadesk
- Source: University of Illinois-Chicago
## More Info ...
**www.internet2.edu**
**apps.internet2.edu/talks/ **
**abilene@internet2.edu ** | en |
converted_docs | 895423 | # The American Military Justice System in the New Millennium
[Lieutenant Colonel James B. Roan]{.smallcaps}[^1]
[Captain Cynthia Buxton]{.smallcaps}\*\*
#
# I. INTRODUCTION
"Nothing is more harmful to the service than the neglect of discipline;
for that discipline, more than numbers, gives one army superiority over
another."[^2] As commander of the Continental Army, George Washington
recognized that no military unit could function without an effective
means of preserving discipline. These words uttered in 1759 ring no less
true today. Commanders must have the ability to ensure that service
members perform their duties and follow orders, even in situations
involving life and death. The American military justice system,
formulated over centuries of experience, meets this need.
Most people in the United States and abroad have glimpsed the American
military justice process through fictionalized television programs such
as "JAG," or through movies such as "A Few Good Men" or "The Caine
Mutiny." However fleeting these images have been, they have created a
perception of what military justice is in the United States. While these
productions may be entertaining drama, they generally do not accurately
portray the workings of the process, purpose, or importance of the
military justice system and how it is inextricably linked to the
national security of the United States.
We are in a time when some outside the American military are calling for
fundamental changes to our system. The academic debate that has
coincided with the 50^th^ Anniversary of the Uniform Code of Military
Justice[^3] has been healthy and valuable. No legal system can or should
operate in a vacuum, disregarding the changing norms of society. But
make no mistake, the American military justice system is not static or
outdated; it is dynamic and evolving. It incorporates the fundamental
protections offered to all United States citizens and, in many ways,
exceeds them. To appreciate the merits and importance of the military
justice system fully, it is essential to understand the purpose,
development, and procedures behind this specialized form of legal
jurisprudence. This article illustrates the necessity and merits of the
United States military justice system. It is intended to foster a better
understanding and appreciation for the system by all who read it.
#
# II. WHAT IS THE MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM?
The preamble to the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) declares that the
purpose of military law "is to promote justice, to assist in maintaining
good order and discipline in the armed forces, to promote efficiency and
effectiveness in the military establishment, and thereby to strengthen
the national security of the United States."[^4] The maintenance of good
order and discipline is an absolutely essential *function of command*.
In fact, in the American military, a commander has a duty to ensure that
good order and discipline is maintained throughout his or her unit.[^5]
The military justice system is an important means to discharge this
duty.
The military justice system operates separately from our federal and
state criminal systems.[^6] Military law handles traditional crimes such
as assault and larceny, as well as offenses unique to the military such
as failure to obey orders and absence without leave. With worldwide
application, the military justice system applies to all offenses
committed by military members. Its central purpose is to provide
commanders with the legal authority to enforce good order and discipline
within their units.
The modern military justice system is based on the United States
Constitution and is implemented through a combination of federal law and
executive orders. The Constitution gives Congress the authority to
"provide for the common Defence," "to raise and support Armies," and "to
make rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval
Forces."[^7] At the same time, the Constitution designates the President
as Commander in Chief of the armed forces.[^8] In this constitutional
framework, the modern military justice system was established with a
foundation resting on four authorities: the Uniform Code of Military
Justice (UCMJ);[^9] the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM);[^10] a
Presidential Executive Order that includes the rules for trial by
court-martial; and, the body of case law developed from the courts that
review military justice cases: the service Courts of Criminal Appeals,
the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, and the United States Supreme
Court.[^11]
*A. Creation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice*[^12]
On May 5, 1950, President Truman signed into law the Uniform Code of
Military Justice, a remarkable piece of legislation that dramatically
changed the scope and practice of military law. Prior to the enactment
of the UCMJ, military justice in the United States had remained
virtually unchanged since the time of the Revolutionary War[^13] when
the Articles of War governed the Army disciplinary system while the Navy
followed the Articles of Government for the Navy.[^14]
World War II set the stage for the creation of today's military justice
system. The American public, in the 1940's, was exposed as never before
to the military justice system. During World War II, more than 16
million men and women served in the armed forces. There were more than
two million courts-martial, including 80 thousand general
courts-martial.[^15]
Many were concerned with the almost summary disposition of cases, the
lack of rights afforded to an accused, and the perceived unlawful
command control over the system. The system appeared arbitrary, with too
few protections for the soldier and too much power for the commander.
Rear Admiral Robert J. White described the ground swell of criticism
against military justice thusly: "The emotions suppressed during the
long, tense period of global warfare were released by peace, and erupted
into a tornado-like explosion of violent feelings, abusive criticism of
the military, and aggressive pressures on Congress for fundamental
reforms in the court-martial system."[^16] Congressional leaders sought
to create a new disciplinary system that provided greater protections
for service members. Ohio Congressman Charles H. Elston, Chairman of the
House Armed Services Committee, expressed hope that "we will be able to
write some legislation applicable to both the Army and the Navy, so that
the entire system within those branches may be revised."[^17]
On May 14, 1948, Secretary of Defense James Forrestal announced the
creation of a committee, chaired by Harvard Law Professor Edmund Morgan,
to draft the first American statute of criminal law and procedure
applicable to all military personnel. The result was the Uniform Code of
Military Justice, otherwise known as the UCMJ, which President Truman
signed into law on May 5, 1950.[^18] The Code became effective on May
31, 1951, in the midst of the Korean War.
The UCMJ marked a distinct evolution in philosophy. Its drafters
recognized that justice and fairness were an integral component of the
disciplinary process.[^19] Under the UCMJ, the commander retained
considerable authority over his troops, but that authority was balanced
with a new system of military appellate courts and expanded rights for
service members. A new federal court, the Court of Military Appeals, was
created with civilian judges responsible for appellate review of the
more serious military justice cases.[^20] The UCMJ provided an expanded
role for lawyers, called judge advocates, gave increased
responsibilities to the staff judge advocate to provide legal advice to
commanders on military justice matters, and created the position of law
officer, the precursor of the military judge, to make judicial rulings
in all general courts-martial. The UCMJ was the most far-reaching change
in military law in American history, providing for the first time one
criminal code applicable to all the services and a criminal justice
system containing safeguards for the soldier not yet enjoyed by
civilians.[^21]
# *B. Why Do We Have a Separate System?*
To appreciate the importance of the military justice system, it is
necessary to first understand why a separate system of justice is
needed. Judge Robinson O. Everett, former Chief Judge of the Court of
Military Appeals, described the importance of having a separate justice
system for the armed forces, this way:
> \[M\]ilitary operations in modern war demand split second decisions -
> decisions that cannot be arrived at through the procedure of a
> debating society. In many military situations someone individual must
> be in a position to make choices for a group and have his decision
> enforced. For this reason, the armed services have a system of rank
> and of command which is designed clearly to place one person in charge
> when a group action must be decided upon. Of course, for American
> civilians, and those of many other lands for that matter, it is
> difficult to acquire habits of instantaneous obedience to another
> person's decisions. Military justice provides a stimulus to cultivate
> such habits by posing the threat that disobedience of commands will be
> penalized.[^22]
The United States Supreme Court has recognized that the military is a
specialized society that has developed laws and traditions of its
own.[^23] The difference between military and civilian cultures lies
with the recognition that \"it is the primary business of armies and
navies to fight or be ready to fight wars should the occasion
arise.\"[^24] The Court observed, \"An army is not a deliberative body.
It is the executive arm. Its law is that of obedience. No question can
be left open as to the right to command in the officer, or the duty of
obedience in the soldier.\"[^25] Similarly, the Court concluded,
\"\[T\]he military constitutes a specialized community governed by a
separate discipline from that of the civilian.\"[^26]
Civilian law does not recognize uniquely military offenses, such as
desertion, absence without leave, disobedience of orders, disrespect, or
dereliction of duty.[^27] These types of offenses exist to ensure
military members follow orders and accomplish military objectives.[^28]
If a commander cannot rely on his subordinates to obey and execute
directives and, more importantly, if the members cannot rely absolutely
on each other to follow orders, the effectiveness of the fighting force
will be undermined and, ultimately, our national interests will be
imperiled. No civilian parallel may be drawn to explain the need for
enforcing discipline. Civilian employers cannot legally *compel* their
subordinates to come to work on time, much less induce them to perform a
task resulting in substantial likelihood of death. Discipline for the
sake of good order is not an objective of our civilian society, but is a
necessary requirement of our military justice system.[^29]
The Uniform Code of Military Justice provides a very effective means of
not only handling military offenses, but also ensuring the process is
widely available. This is advantageous in that United States military
members are stationed all over the world.[^30] The civilian justice
system is not generally designed to be used outside the geographical
boundaries of the United States.[^31] The military justice system, on
the other hand, goes wherever the troops go--to provide uniform
treatment regardless of locale or circumstances.[^32] While military
members are frequently subjected to the criminal jurisdiction of host
nations, most cases are tried in accordance with international
agreements and treaties reflecting the American system's application. If
the military justice system did not exist, our military members would
have their cases tried in foreign courts and be imprisoned in foreign
jails.[^33]
Finally, the military justice system is designed to fairly adjudicate
criminal cases *efficiently*.[^34] This is particularly important in a
deployed or contingency situation when a commander must expeditiously
deal with misconduct to prevent degradation of the unit's effectiveness
and cohesion. Delaying disciplinary action will invariably prejudice
good order. As Judge Everett cogently points out, "justice delayed is
justice defeated. ...In military life, where to maintain discipline, the
unpleasant consequences of offenses must be quick, certain and
vivid\--not something vague in the remote future."[^35]
# *C. The Military Justice System*
To some, "military justice is to justice as military music is to
music!"[^36] Detractors contend that our system is antiquated and in
need of dramatic change.[^37] The reality is that over the past 50
years, the military justice system has evolved into an even more fair
and effective system. The UCMJ represents a masterful piece of
legislation that balances the need for good order and discipline with
the constitutional rights afforded to all United States citizens.
Commanders are the foundation of the American military - people who make
tough decisions and ensure success. Discipline begins and ends with
commander involvement. The following discussion explains the authority
and responsibilities commanders and others exercise in the military
justice system.
# *D. A Commander's Role*
Central to the military justice system is a commander's authority and
discretion to control discipline within his or her unit.[^38] A
commander's wisdom and unshakable resolution ensures standards expected
of every military member are met by all. Marshal Maurice de Saxe, one of
the greatest French generals of the 18^th^ century, stated, "After the
organization of troops, military discipline is the first matter that
presents itself. It is the soul of armies. If it is not established with
wisdom and maintained with unshakable resolution you will have no
soldiers."[^39] Commanders at all levels are involved with every part of
the military justice system to include: directing preliminary
investigations into misconduct, evaluating the results of the
investigation, disposing of cases, preferral and referral of charges,
selecting panel members, and taking final action after the court-martial
is concluded.
# *E. Disciplinary Tools*
Although courts-martial are the most well known disciplinary option in
the military justice system, commanders have a wide range of options to
handle disciplinary problems without resorting to trial. A commander may
choose to impose administrative sanctions or nonjudicial punishment. In
deciding which disciplinary tool to employ, a commander considers more
than just the nature of the misconduct; he also evaluates the suspect's
record and weighs it against the impact of the misconduct to good order
and discipline. The commander is trusted to use his best judgment so
that the "punishment fits the crime."[^40]
*1. Administrative Actions*
The vast majority of disciplinary problems are minor in nature and do
not require a more formal action. Commanders have several options to
quickly correct these acts of minor misconduct. Short of punitive
action, an Air Force commander may choose from a wide range of responses
including, by order of seriousness, counselings, admonishments, and
reprimands (each may be oral or written).[^41] Those actions can be
taken separately or in conjunction with, or may produce, collateral
administrative consequences such as discharge from the service, demotion
(enlisted members only), delay in promotion or removal from a promotion
list, cancellation of an assignment, or establishment of an unfavorable
information file. This assortment of options allows commanders to
swiftly and efficiently deal with disciplinary infractions.
[]{.mark}
*2. Nonjudicial Punishment*
To give commanders more flexibility in handling minor offenses, Congress
has vested commanders with the authority to impose nonjudicial
punishment (NJP) under Article 15, UCMJ.[^42] NJP is commonly referred
to as an "Article 15" (or "mast" in the Navy and "office hours" in the
Marine Corps). Nonjudicial punishment serves as a middle ground in the
military justice process. It provides sanctions less onerous than a
court-martial, yet more severe than nonpunitive measures.[^43] By
definition, an Article 15 is not judicial--it is not a trial and does
not result in a federal conviction.[^44] In fact, acceptance of the NJP
is not even an admission of guilt.[^45] Even so, a member who is offered
an Article 15 has the right to consult counsel prior to accepting the
nonjudicial punishment.[^46] The military member may present evidence of
his innocence or mitigating facts surrounding the alleged misconduct.
After considering the matters presented by the accused, the commander
will determine whether the member committed the offense. If the
commander makes that determination, he then imposes an appropriate
punishment.[^47]
NJP is an indispensable tool used to maintain good order and discipline
while also promoting positive behavior changes in the member without the
stigma of a court-martial conviction.[^48] Punishments may include
reduction in rank for enlisted members, forfeiture of pay, restriction
to base, extra duties, for enlisted members correctional custody, and
reprimand. While NJP is a powerful means for a commander to respond to
minor offenses, the commander's authority is not unlimited.[^49] Under
specific circumstances,[^50] the service member has the right to refuse
the Article 15 and demand to be tried by a court-martial to have "their
day in court."[^51] Clearly, this flexibility allows a commander to
tailor a disciplinary response based on the seriousness of the
misconduct and its impact on good order. The service member benefits
because the commander can deal with small problems quickly without
having to resort to the sanctions that may result from a court-martial.
# III. FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM
# *A. Pretrial Investigations, Pretrial Confinement & Preferral of Charges*
*1. Pretrial Investigations*
After receiving information that a member may have engaged in
misconduct, the service member's commander will ensure a preliminary
inquiry is completed. Exculpatory evidence as well as inculpatory
evidence is sought.[^52] In more serious cases, the commander may seek
the assistance of Security Forces or an other investigative office―for
the Air Force, the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI).
Once an investigation is completed, the immediate commander will receive
the report and decide upon an appropriate course of action.
*2. Pretrial Confinement*
A commander is concerned not only with the well being of the member
suspected of misconduct, but with overall community safety. If a
commander determines that a service member suspected of a crime is a
flight risk or may commit further misconduct, the commander may limit
the accused's freedom before trial. Conditions on liberty,[^53]
restriction in lieu of arrest,[^54] and pretrial confinement[^55] are
among these options. Commanders must make a careful assessment to
determine whether some form of restraint short of confinement is more
appropriate than confinement (e.g., restriction to the base).[^56]
If a commander places an individual into pretrial confinement, the
accused's rights are protected through an extensive review process.[^57]
A pretrial confinement reviewing officer will determine whether
sufficient grounds exist to continue confinement.[^58] The accused is
represented by counsel and may argue that confinement is not
warranted.[^59] The reviewing officer is completely independent and his
or her determination[^60] to release a confinee generally will be
binding upon the commander.[^61] Once confinement is ordered, it may be
terminated only by the accused's commander, the detailed military judge,
or an individual officially charged with reviewing the commander's
decision to impose the confinement.[^62] Additionally, failure to
properly conduct a pretrial confinement hearing will entitle the accused
to receive credit against any court-martial sentence that is
approved.[^63]
*3. Preferral of Charges*
As stated above, commanders have a number of disciplinary tools
available to them based upon the nature of the particular circumstances.
The Manual for Courts-Martial requires resolution of the case at the
lowest disciplinary level consistent with the seriousness of the
offense.[^64] If the accused's immediate commander believes action by
court-martial is warranted, the next step is preferring charges against
the military member.[^65] The commander has broad discretion in deciding
what charges to prefer. He may prefer both minor and major offenses
together. He should prefer all known charges at the same time.[^66] A
commander acts as the *accuser* when preferring charges,[^67] although
anyone subject to the UCMJ may serve as an accuser.[^68] The accuser
signs under oath and must have personal knowledge of or have
investigated the matters set forth in the charges.[^69]
# *B. Convening Authorities*
The authority to convene courts-martial is incident to command at
certain designated command levels. After preferral of charges, the
evidence is forwarded to a commander authorized to convene
courts-martial. Convening authorities are senior commanders, usually
colonels or general officers within the military establishment. To be a
convening authority, commanders must have demonstrated moral character,
intelligence, military bearing, and successful management skills. Most
have served for years, dedicating their lives to a military career.
Their presence ensures the system works fairly and efficiently.
After reviewing the charges and evidence, the convening authority has a
number of options. These options include: dismissing the charges,
referring the charges to a court-martial, returning the charges to the
immediate commander for a lesser disposition, forwarding the charges
with his recommendations to a higher convening authority, or directing
that further investigation take place.[^70] The convening authority's
military justice responsibility cannot be delegated to any other
officer.[^71]
Referring charges to court-martial is a straightforward process.
Following preferral of charges, the convening authority appoints the
court members and refers the case to them for adjudication.[^72] Court
members are selected by their age, education, training, experience,
length of service, and judicial temperament.[^73] They must be
independent and unbiased. Even though the convening authority convenes
the court-martial, the law prohibits him from attempting to improperly
influence or affect the outcome.[^74]
To protect the integrity of the system, military judges are also
prohibited from certain actions. To combat the danger of unlawful
command influence permeating the court-martial, the Court of Appeals for
the Armed Forces has made it clear that even the possibility of unlawful
influence will constitute grounds for overturning a conviction.[^75] The
court acknowledged Congress's intent that \"no judge will participate in
the adjudication of a case if he is not "neutral and detached."[^76] Any
relationship that casts suspicion on whether a military judge is fair or
impartial provides a basis for an accused to seek his
disqualification.[^77]
The convening authority has many ancillary powers in convening a
court-martial. Included among these responsibilities is the convening
authority's power to enter into a pretrial agreement with an
accused.[^78] The convening authority is also responsible for production
of expert witnesses.[^79] When necessary, the general court-martial
convening authority has the power to grant a military witness
immunity.[^80] Following a court-martial, the convening authority has
further discretion in ordering a rehearing or retrial.[^81] No rehearing
or retrial may take place if the member is acquitted.
If the court-martial finds an accused guilty, once sentencing is
completed, the case is returned to the convening authority for final
action.[^82] The convening authority may approve or disapprove the
court's findings of guilt or grant clemency by suspending or
disapproving a portion of the accused's sentence. This oversight gives a
military accused an additional opportunity to argue that the court's
findings should be dismissed and/or a reduction in sentence is
warranted.[^83] The convening authority may not change a finding of not
guilty or increase a punishment. It is not unusual for a convening
authority to make changes to the final action which are beneficial to
the accused. This right to clemency is unique to the military justice
system.
####
# *C. Courts-Martial*
Apart from popular movies or television programs, the term
"court-martial" may conjure up the 1926 court-martial of General Billy
Mitchell,[^84] or the case of Lieutenant William Calley.[^85]
Court-martial is the most serious judicial process a commander has at
his disposal for handling misconduct. In keeping with the flexibility of
the military justice system as a whole, there are three distinct levels
of court-martial: the summary court-martial, the special court-martial,
and the general court-martial.
*1. Summary Court-Martial*
A summary court-martial is the lowest forum for trial. It is designed to
dispose of offenses that merit more than nonjudicial punishment but are
not appropriate for a special or general court-martial. Only enlisted
members who consent may be tried in this forum.[^86] A single officer
presides over the hearing, renders the verdict, and if the accused is
found guilty, imposes a sentence.[^87] While the UCMJ does not *per se*
guarantee an accused representation by a defense counsel in summary
courts-martial, current Air Force practice is to provide counsel to the
accused.[^88]
The procedure for summary courts-martial generally follows the same
procedural course of a general or special court-martial. The summary
court-martial convening authority refers the charges to court.[^89] The
accused has the right to cross-examine witnesses, present evidence and
require the Government prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The
summary court-martial does not apply all of the Constitutional and
procedural protections of a special or general court-martial. This is
one of the reasons why the accused must consent to the forum and why the
range of punishment in a summary court-martial is significantly
limited.[^90]
2. *Special Court-martial*
This proceeding is an intermediate level of trial and must by convened
by a commander empowered as a special court-martial convening
authority.[^91] A special court-martial is composed of at least three
members and a military judge.[^92] The accused may be tried by members
or, by his request, military judge alone. In this forum, there is both a
trial counsel representing the interests of the government and a defense
counsel representing the accused.[^93] The government may try an officer
or enlisted accused for any noncapital offense in this forum.[^94]
A special court-martial is very similar to a civilian criminal trial in
that counsel may make opening statements, examine and cross-examine
witnesses, present evidence, and make final arguments as counsel do in
civilian trials. The military counsel appears in uniform, but the
military judge may wear the traditional judicial robe.[^95] A court
reporter transcribes the proceeding. The military rules of evidence and
rules for court-martial procedure govern special and general
court-martial proceedings. The proceedings are open to the public, but
are held outside the presence of the members.[^96] Formal arraignment
and contested motions are also held outside the presence of the members
in these so-called \"Article 39(a) sessions.\"[^97] The government
counsel has the burden to prove the elements of the crime(s) "beyond a
reasonable doubt."[^98]
Although the degree of punishment is greater than at a summary
court-martial, it is still limited. The maximum punishment that may be
adjudged in special courts-martial includes a bad conduct discharge, a
maximum of one year confinement, forfeiture of two-thirds pay for twelve
months and a reprimand.[^99] The forum limitations apply regardless of
the number of offenses or the maximum punishment authorized for the
offenses for which the accused is found guilty.
*3. General Court-Martial*
This forum is reserved for the most serious offenses and is
indistinguishable from the special court-martial except for composition
and maximum punishment. General courts-martial are composed of at least
five members with a military judge presiding.[^100] If an accused
chooses, in a noncapital case, he may be tried by a military judge
alone. This forum may impose the maximum lawful punishment for any
offense, including death.[^101]
Before charges may be referred to a general court-martial, Article 32,
UCMJ, requires a formal investigation into the evidence and
charges.[^102] The Article 32 investigation is the military's
counterpart to the civilian grand jury.[^103] Both are designed to avoid
referring baseless charges to trial. The investigating officer (IO)
inquires into the truth of the matters set forth in the charges,
considers the form of the charges, and recommends disposition of the
case in the interest of justice and discipline.[^104] The IO is a
commissioned officer.[^105] He is independent (by law) from both the
government and the defense.[^106] Any attempt by the convening authority
or the government to influence the IO's decision may itself constitute
an offense under the UCMJ.[^107] Typically, an Article 32 investigation
is open to the public.[^108] During the hearing itself, the accused is
entitled to be present with counsel.[^109] An accused may also elect to
testify and may present witnesses and offer evidence for the IO's
consideration.[^110] The investigation is designed to give the accused a
preliminary opportunity to hear the evidence against him. The accused
has an opportunity to persuade the convening authority that the charges
are baseless or that the case should be referred to a lesser
forum.[^111]
# *D. Court Participants*
*1. Legal Counsel*
The typical court-martial contains at least one detailed prosecutor,
also called the trial counsel, and one detailed defense counsel. The
trial counsel is charged with prosecuting the criminal case on behalf of
the United States[^112] and the defense counsel represents the accused
active duty member. For a general court-martial, both trial and defense
counsel are certified as competent to act as counsel under Article
27(b), UCMJ, by The Judge Advocate General.[^113] To be certified, the
attorneys must be members of the federal bar or the highest court of any
state.
Trial practice is governed by the Rules for Courts-Martial and Military
Rules of Evidence, both of which are contained in the Manual for
Courts-Martial (MCM). Among these rules are the provisions on discovery.
The MCM gives both the government counsel and the defense counsel "equal
access" to evidence.[^114] The MCM specifically provides both will have
an adequate opportunity to prepare the case and both will have equal
opportunity to talk to the witnesses and examine the evidence.[^115]
Neither counsel should impede or frustrate the good faith efforts of
opposing counsel in obtaining information. The MCM sets forth broad
discovery rights for the defense, and the Military Rules of Evidence
mandate disclosure of certain evidence by the prosecution to the defense
in advance of trial and vice versa.[^116]
In the military system, the trial counsel is charged with the
responsibility to obtain witnesses for both the government and the
defense. The witness's testimony must be relevant and necessary.[^117]
To request defense witnesses, the defense counsel or accused must submit
a request to the trial counsel requesting their presence. This request
must include a synopsis of expected testimony sufficient to meet the
standard of relevance and necessity. If the testimony meets this
standard, the government is obligated to pay the costs of producing the
witnesses. This obligation includes production of expert witnesses who
charge fees for their service.[^118]
*2. Defense counsel*
A suspect may seek the advice and assistance of defense counsel.[^119]
An Air Force member, regardless of rank or income status, may be
represented by an Air Force Area Defense Counsel (ADC), without cost, at
any stage of the process (including, as discussed below, post-trial
appeals). ADCs are officers who are entirely independent of an
installation's chain of command.[^120] The ADCs counsel and assist
members facing investigation and adverse disciplinary actions.[^121] A
military member may choose to be represented by the ADC, may hire
civilian counsel at his or her own expense, or may be represented by
both the ADC and the civilian counsel.
Every ADC has served at a base legal office before assignment to the
defense counsel position and often has extensive military justice
experience. The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force personally
appoints the attorney to this position. This selection and appointment
is made only after a thorough review of the attorney's qualifications.
Additionally, after selection, all ADCs are enrolled in on-going legal
education and training programs to further increase the level of their
trial skills. The creation of the ADC program has been a two-fold
success: one being the continued zealous advocacy on the part of
military members who are accused of misconduct; the other being the
continued preservation of justice.
*3. Circuit Counsel*
In addition to local trial and defense counsel, the Air Force employs
senior litigation specialists. These attorneys, both trial and defense
counsel, are located in five regional offices and travel throughout
their respective circuits representing the government and accused
members in complex cases. The Judge Advocate General selects attorneys
to be circuit counsel based on their trial experience and litigation
skill. In addition to this representation, circuit counsel also provide
legal training at annual conferences for local trial and defense
counsel.
*4. The Accused*
Military members do not forfeit their constitutional rights once they
join the military.[^122] Like all American citizens, service members
enjoy the fundamental protections of our Constitution. For example,
every military member has the right to be protected against unreasonable
searches and seizures,[^123] to be protected against compelled
self-incrimination,[^124] to be permitted discovery of evidence,[^125]
and to have legal counsel in all special and general
courts-martial.[^126] The Military Rules of Evidence protect these
rights by prohibiting the Government from using evidence that was
obtained by or derived from unlawful interrogations and illegal search
and seizures.[^127]
While service members enjoy most of the same protections afforded all
citizens, the unique demands of the military services require a
balancing act between military necessity and personal liberties. The
Supreme Court has examined these competing interests and has
consistently held that military personnel can be subjected to duties and
restrictions that ordinarily would be impermissible in civilian life. In
*Parker v. Levy*,[^128] the Court stated that:
> \[In the armed forces\] some restrictions exist for reasons that have
> no counterpart in the civilian community. Disrespectful and
> contemptuous speech, even advocacy of violent change, is tolerable in
> the civilian community, for it does not directly affect the capacity
> of the Government to discharge its responsibilities unless it both is
> directed to inciting imminent lawless action and is likely to produce
> such action. In military life, however, other considerations must be
> weighed. The armed forces depend on a command structure that at times
> must commit men to combat, not only hazarding their lives but
> ultimately involving the security of the Nation itself. Speech that is
> protected in the civil population may nonetheless undermine the
> effectiveness of response to command. If it does, it is
> constitutionally unprotected.[^129]
However, the power of an armed service over its members is not
unlimited. Military courts have consistently ruled that orders and
directives that only tangentially further a military objective, are
excessively broad in scope, are arbitrary and capricious, or needlessly
abridge a personal right are subject to close scrutiny and may be
invalid and unenforceable.[^130] The courts have made it clear that
while the needs of the military must be considered, service members are
still afforded constitutional protections.
From the very beginning of an inquiry or investigation into suspected
misconduct, a military suspect has greater rights against
self-incrimination than a civilian suspected of the very same
offense.[^131] Under Article 31 of the UCMJ, a military member
[suspected]{.underline} of an offense must be read his or her rights
before questioning―merely because he or she is a suspect.[^132] The
member has the right to ask for an attorney and can choose not to make a
statement to investigators. These rights are binding on both commanders
and military police.[^133]
*5. Court-Martial Panels*
Article 25, UCMJ, strictly governs the selection of court-martial panel
members. Unlike the civilian system, which depends on the availability
of jurors, the military justice system operates on a "best qualified"
basis. The convening authority selects those individuals he or she
believes to be best qualified for court-martial duty by reason of age,
education, training, experience, length of service, and judicial
temperament.[^134] The court-martial panel will be comprised of officers
unless the accused requests 1/3 of the panel be enlisted members.[^135]
Court-martial panels typically consist of members who have at least a
high school degree.[^136] Many members have bachelors, graduate, and
post-graduate degrees.
Two competing interests exist in the court-martial selection process: to
identify and select a panel of court-martial members that are competent,
fair, and impartial, while at the same time not unduly restricting the
conduct of the military mission or national security.[^137] The current
system of selection is sufficiently flexible to be applied in all
military units, locations, operational conditions, and across all armed
forces.[^138] In addition to system flexibility, the commander is in the
best position to determine whether an individual is needed for
operational matters or is available to sit on a court-martial
panel.[^139] Adequate safeguards exist in the military justice system to
ensure selection of fair and impartial court-martial panels.[^140] These
safeguards include the questioning, referred to as *voir dire*, of the
panel members by the judge and counsel regarding their fitness to sit on
the panel. Both government and defense counsel may peremptorily
challenge a panel member or may request any panel member be excused for
cause anytime during the trial.[^141] Following challenges, the
remaining members sit as the court-martial panel.[^142]
Military panels are beneficial to the accused due to their understanding
of the military environment. Military members share common experiences
within the military community. This familiarity provides the members
with an insight into the accused's actions and a level of appreciation
for the circumstances under which the accused lives and works.[^143]
Article 37, UCMJ, ensures a court-martial member is free from improper
influence in his or her decision-making.[^144]
After presentation of evidence, trial and defense counsel make final
arguments, and the members are excused to deliberate. The members vote
by secret written ballot.[^145] The military system generally convicts
or acquits by 2/3 vote of the members.[^146] If the accused is not
convicted on the charged offense or lesser included offenses, he or she
is automatically acquitted. The concern of the civilian "hung jury,"
where unanimous vote is necessary for conviction, does not exist under
the military justice system. Hung juries produce no firm outcome,
leaving the civilian accused under a cloud of doubt and leaving
prosecutors to decide whether to retry the case.
#
*6. Military Judges*
Experienced, professional judges preside over all trials in the United
States, and the military is no different.[^147] In the Air Force,
military trial judges are appointed by The Judge Advocate General and
are organized in five geographic judicial circuits. A military judge's
only duty is to preside over courts-martial (and, on occasion, certain
administrative proceedings).[^148] Like military defense counsel and
circuit trial counsel, trial judges report through a separate, legal
chain of command. Court-martial convening authorities are not
responsible for appointing an individual judge to a particular case, nor
do they write or indorse a judge's annual performance report.[^149]
Military judges base their rulings in part on constitutional provisions,
common law, Rules for Courts-Martial, and Military Rules of Evidence.
These rules and procedures ensure an accused's rights are maintained
throughout the trial. In 1980, the Manual for Courts-Martial was amended
to include new Military Rules of Evidence (MREs).[^150] These rules are
unique to military practice in their terminology and specialized use in
military practice. Applicable to all courts-martial, the MREs are for
the most part based upon the Federal Rules of Evidence.[^151] As the
federal rules change, they are incorporated into the MREs unless the
President takes action to the contrary.[^152] These rules also apply to
all Article 39(a) sessions, fact finding proceedings ordered on review,
proceedings in revision, and contempt proceedings.[^153]
# *E. Review of Courts-Martial*
*1. Clemency*
As discussed before, if an accused is convicted of an offense, the
military system offers the accused an unparalleled opportunity for
clemency. Before a convening authority approves a court-martial result,
the accused and counsel may submit matters challenging the outcome of
the trial and/or requesting clemency as to sentence.[^154] The convening
authority may, for any reason, disapprove any or all of the findings and
suspend or reduce the sentence.[^155] He may not change an acquittal or
increase a sentence.
*2. The Appeal*
The military system offers the accused extraordinary access to the
appeals process. All courts-martial receive a post-trial review. Every
trial that results in a sentence that includes a punitive discharge or
confinement for a year or more is automatically appealed to the first
level of appellate military court, the service Courts of Criminal
Appeals.[^156] An Air Force accused is entitled to representation free
of charge by a judge advocate assigned to the Appellate Defense Division
in Washington, D.C. Like at the trial level, an accused may also hire a
civilian lawyer at his or her own expense to operate alongside the
military counsel. The case may be reviewed further by the highest court
in the military system, the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. This
court is constituted under Article I of the Constitution. It is
comprised of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms.[^157]
Military accused may also petition the United States Supreme Court to
review their cases.[^158] This system of appellate courts provides
significant oversight of the court-martial process, ensuring procedural
and substantive fairness. In order to appeal a criminal conviction, a
defendant must have a transcript of the trial court proceeding. In the
military system, a record is prepared in every case and provided to the
accused free of charge.
*3. "De novo" Review*
Congress has granted the service Courts of Criminal Appeals the
authority to review the findings of courts-martial "de novo," that is,
anew or for a second time.[^159] Such authority permits the Air Force
Court of Criminal Appeals to determine, based on the facts in the
record, that the evidence was not sufficient to convict the accused.
They may even overturn the results of the court-martial on their own
volition. This safeguard further ensures that an accused service member
receives a fair and impartial trial.
# IV. CONCLUSION: A "Justice" Based System
The American Military Justice system is founded in the concept that
world-wide deployment of large numbers of military personnel requires a
flexible, separate jurisprudence capable of operating in times of peace
and conflict.[^160] Fortunately, as American troops continue serving the
world over, a comprehensive system of justice that balances the rights
of the accused with the necessity of military operations travels with
them. It is vital that the military justice system is understood, not
only by American society, but by our allies as well. Despite attempts to
portray the military justice system as being out of touch with modern
legal thought, the system has withstood the test of time, both in terms
of constitutional challenges and practical application. For the last 50
years, the military justice system has served the United States well and
will continue to do so into the future.
[^1]: ^^ *Lt Col James B. Roan, USAF, is the Deputy Chief, Military
Justice Division, Air Force Legal Services Agency, Bolling AFB,
District of Columbia; Bachelor of Business Administration (cum
laude), 1986, University of Oklahoma; Masters of Business
Administration, 1989, University of North Dakota; Juris Doctor,
1993, Washington University in St Louis.*
*\*\* Capt Cynthia Buxton, USAF, is the Deputy Chief, Joint Service
Policy and Legislation Branch, Military Justice Division, Air Force
Legal Services Agency, Bolling AFB, District of Columbia; Bachelor
of Science (cum laude), 1992, University of Nebraska; Juris Doctor,
1995, Creighton University in Omaha.*
[^2]: General George Washington, Letter of Instructions to the Captains
of the Virginia Regiments (29 July 1759).
[^3]: *See* Act of March 5, 1950, ch. 169, 81^st^ Cong., 2d Sess.
[^4]: MCM, para. 3, at I-1.
[^5]: These unique responsibilities include overseeing the health,
safety, welfare, morale, and efficiency of those under his command.
United States v. Harris*,* 5 M.J. 44, 59 (CMA 1978).
[^6]: The United States has three major criminal justice systems; the
individual state system, the federal system, and the military
justice system.
[^7]: U.S. Const. art. I, § 8. The Supreme Court has afforded great
"deference to the determination of Congress made under its authority
to regulate the land and naval forces." Weiss v. United States, 510
U.S. 163, 177 (1944).
[^8]: U.S. Const. art. II, § 2. Historically, two civilian authorities
govern the military: Congress and the President.
[^9]: Codified in title 10 USC §§ 801 - 941.
[^10]: The 2000 MCM incorporates all Executive Orders through 6 Oct 1999
(EOs 12473, 12484, 12550, 12586, 12708, 12767, 12888, 12936, 12960,
13086, and 13140). Although not currently drafted into the 2000
edition of the MCM, Executive Order 13262 was signed on 11 April
2002 and is applicable to current court practice. The MCM includes
the Preamble, the Rules for Courts-Martial, the Military Rules of
Evidence, the punitive articles, and nonjudicial punishment
procedure (hereinafter NJP).
[^11]: 10 U.S.C. §§ 866 - 869 (1998) authorizes review of military
courts-martial by appellate courts.
[^12]: For a more detailed history of the American military justice
system, *see* John Lurie, Arming Military Justice, The Origins of
the United States Court of Military Appeals 1775-1950, 130-149
(1992); *see also* William T. Generous, Jr., Swords and
Scales―Development of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (1973).
[^13]: America's first military legal code was enacted in June 1775.
*See* William Winthrop, Military Law and Precedents 12 (2d ed.
1920). Congress enacted a set of legal guidelines for the behavior
of the forces, following an English practice in effect since 1689
when Parliament wrested from the Crown the power to legislate for
the military and enacted the first Mutiny Act. The Army Lawyer: A
History of the Judge Advocate General's Corps, 1775-1975 (Reprinted
1993).
[^14]: *See generally* Edward M. Byrne, Military Law 2-6 (3d ed. 1981).
[^15]: Court-martial statistics for this period may be misleading.
Commanders considered courts-martial appropriate for all levels of
misconduct. It was not uncommon for active duty members to be
court-martialed for minor disciplinary infractions several times and
then returned to the front-line of combat. *See* Capt John T.
Willis, *The United States Court of Military Appeals, Its Origin,
Operation, and Future*, 55 Mil. L. Rev. 39 (1972). The number of
courts-martial tried during World War II amounted to one third of
all criminal cases tried in the nation during the same period. *See*
William T. Generous, Jr., Swords and Scales--The Development of the
Uniform Code of Military Justice (1973) *citing* Judge Advocate
General, Congressional Floor Debates on the Uniform Code of Military
Justice (1950).
[^16]: Rear Admiral Robert J. White, *The Background and the Problem*,
[St John's L. Rev.]{.smallcaps} 35 (1961). *See generally* John
Lurie, Arming Military Justice, The Origins of the United States
Court of Military Appeals 1775-1950, 128-149 (1992).
[^17]: The Army Lawyer, *supra* note 12, at 169. *See generally* Index
and Legislative History to the Uniform Code of Military Justice, 3
vols (1985). Indexed and Compiled by the Army Court of Military
Review.
[^18]: Many proponents contributed to the creation and development of
the Uniform Code of Military Justice (hereinafter UCMJ). Some of
these noteworthy individuals and groups include (but are not limited
to) Arthur Vanderbilt, Dean of New York University, chairman of the
Vanderbilt Commission; Arthur J. Keefe, professor of law at Cornell
University and Chairman of the Keefe Committee; Felix Larkin, member
of the Keefe Committee; the Association of the Bar of New York
(1948), *Report on Pending Legislation for the Revision of the Army
Court-Martial System* (February 1948); Senator Charles Elston of
Ohio, proponent of the *Elston Act* (June 1948); and Senator James
Kern of Missouri.
[^19]: \"We were convinced that a Code of Military Justice cannot ignore
the military circumstances in which it must operate but we were
equally determined that it must be designated to administer
justice.\" *Hearings on H.R. 2498 Before a Subcomm. Of the House
Armed Services Comm.*, 81st Cong., 1st Sess., at 606 (1949)
(statement of Professor Edmund G. Morgan).
[^20]: Lurie, *supra* note 15.
[^21]: Brigadier General (Retired) John S. Cooke, *Introduction:
Fiftieth Anniversary of the Uniform Code of Military Justice
Symposium Edition*, 165 [Mil. L. Rev]{.smallcaps}. 1 (2000).
[^22]: Robinson O. Everett, Military Justice in the Armed Forces of the
United States (The Telegraph Press 1956).
[^23]: *See, e.g.,* Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733, 743 (1974).
[^24]: United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles*,* 350 U.S. 11, 17 (1955).
[^25]: *In re* Grimley, 137 U.S. 147, 153 (1890).
[^26]: Orloff v. Willoughby*,* 345 U.S. 83, 94 (1953).
[^27]: R.C.M. 201(d)(1). Courts-Martial have exclusive jurisdiction of
purely military offenses.
[^28]: Solorio v. United States, 483 U.S. 435 (1987) (That civil courts
are "ill equipped to establish policies regarding matters of
military concern is substantiated by the confusion evidenced in
military court decisions attempting to apply the service connection
approach."); Burns v. Wilson, 346 U.S. 137, 140 (1953) (plurality
opinion) ("The rights of men in the armed forces must perforce be
conditioned to meet certain overriding demands of discipline and
duty, and the civil courts are not the agencies which must determine
the precise balance to be struck in this adjustment. The Framers
expressly entrusted that task to Congress.")
[^29]: Although the civilian criminal system was not established to
effectively deal with military members committing uniquely military
offenses, military members may be tried by the civilian criminal
system for the commission of traditional offenses. R.C.M. 201(d)(2).
An act or omission which violates both the UCMJ and local criminal
law, foreign or domestic, may be tried by court-martial, or by a
proper civilian tribunal, foreign or domestic.
[^30]: R.C.M. 202; *see also* Art. 2, Persons subject to the code, UCMJ.
The power granted Congress \"To make Rules\" to regulate \"the land
and naval Forces\" is to be construed as restricting court-martial
jurisdiction to persons who have a relationship with the armed
forces. Quarles, s*upra* note 23, at 15.
[^31]: As Judge Everett asks, "how would US civilian courts be able to
operate overseas? How would a jury or grand jury be obtained? What
civilian judges would be chosen to mete out justice on the
frontlines in Korea, where the witnesses might be stationed? If no
civilian jury were provided, would accused persons be willing to
entrust their fates to one man, even though he was a civilian?"
*Supra* note 21, at 4.
[^32]: Solorio v. United States, 483 U.S. 435, 439 (1987). The Supreme
Court rejected the "service-connection" requirement before
jurisdiction could attach for court-martial purposes. The practical
effect of the holding is that military members are subject to the
UCMJ and may be tried for violations whether the crime occurred on
or off duty, on or off the military installation.
[^33]: For example, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Status of
Forces Agreement delineates criminal jurisdiction between the
sending states and receiving states. The German government has
agreed to a general waiver of their jurisdiction due to the United
States military's proven ability to handle disciplinary problems
through the UCMJ. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Status of
Forces Agreement, Supplementary Agreement, Art. 19, para. 1.
effective 1 Jul 63 (TIAS 5351).
[^34]: In 1999, the federal civilian criminal system averaged over nine
months (over 270 days) from the time charges were filed to the time
the case was concluded. BUREAU OF JUSTICE, COMPENDIUM of FEDERAL
JUSTICE STATISTICS (1999). In 1999, the Air Force military justice
system averaged 126.6 days for general courts-martial from preferral
of charges until case completion and 151.7 days from preferral until
final action by the convening authority. *Statistics* maintained by
the Air Force Military Justice Division (1999) (on file).
[^35]: Everett, *supra* note 21, at 4.
[^36]: Robert Sherril, Military Justice is to Justice as Military Music
is to Music (Harper & Row 1970).
[^37]: Michael I. Spak & Jonathon P. Tomes, *Courts-Martial: Time to
Play Taps?*, 28 SW. U. L. [Rev]{.smallcaps} 481 (1999). The authors
argue that court-martial jurisdiction should be limited to service
members serving overseas and during wartime.
[^38]: The commander serves as the keystone for the operation of the
military criminal process. *See* David A. Schlueter, Military
Criminal Justice Practice and Procedure (5^th^ ed. 2000).
[^39]: Marshal Maurice de Saxe (1696-1750), My Reveries Upon the Art of
War (published posthumously in 1757).
[^40]: The Supreme Court has held that great deference must be given to
commanders in exercising their professional judgment, even when
Constitutional rights are infringed. Goldman v. Weinberger, 475 US
503, 507 (1986).
[^41]: Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2907, Chapter 3, Administrative
Counselings, Admonitions, and Reprimands (1 May 1997).
[^42]: Article 15 provides a means whereby military commanders may
impose nonjudicial punishment for minor infractions of discipline.
Its use permits the services to reduce substantially the number of
courts-martial for minor offenses, which result in stigmatizing and
impairing the efficiency and morale of the person concerned. See
generally S. Rep. No. 1911, 87^th^ Cong., 2d Sess., U.S.Code Cong. &
Ad. News 2379, 2380-82 (1962).
[^43]: *See* David A. Schlueter, Military Criminal Justice Practice and
Procedure 114 (5^th^ ed. 2000).
[^44]: "Since the punishment is nonjudicial, it is not considered a
conviction of a crime and in this sense has no connection with the
military court-martial system.\" S. Rep. No. 1911, 87th Cong., 2nd
Sess. 2, reprinted in 1962 U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News 2379, 2380.
[^45]: Air Force Instruction (AFI) 51-202, Nonjudicial Punishment, para.
4.9.
[^46]: Air Force policy is to provide legal counsel to an individual
receiving nonjudicial punishment. *Supra* at 58, para. 4.7. The
other services have different policies as to when legal counsel is
authorized.
[^47]: The range of punishment is limited by both the commander's and
service member's rank. For example, a captain may only impose
forfeitures of not more than seven days pay, whereas a lieutenant
colonel may take forfeitures of 30 days. This ensures that more
extensive punishment is only imposed by more experienced officers.
*See generally* Part V, MCM, for authorized punishments.
[^48]: MCM, Part V, para 1(c).
[^49]: MCM, Part V, para 5b, Authorized maximum punishments.
[^50]: MCM, Part V, para 3, Right to demand trial.
[^51]: Art.15(a), UCMJ. A service member has the right to decline
nonjudicial punishment and demand trial by court-martial unless the
individual is attached to or embarked upon a vessel.
[^52]: Exculpatory evidence tends to establish a criminal defendant's
innocence while inculpatory evidence tends to show one's involvement
in a crime. *See* Black's Law Dictionary 577-8 (7^th^ ed. 1999).
[^53]: R.C.M. 304 (a)(1). Orders directing a person to do or refrain
from doing specified acts.
[^54]: R.C.M. 304(a)(2). Moral restraint of a person by oral or written
orders directing the person to remain within specified limits. The
person can usually perform full military duties. R.C.M. 304(a)(3).
Arrest in military practice is a form of moral, as opposed to
physical restraint. An individual under arrest may be required to
perform full military duties but may be required to take part in
routine duties. This form of restraint is generally more confining
than restriction.
[^55]: R.C.M. 304(a)(4). Physical restraint imposed by order of
competent authority.
[^56]: R.C.M. 304(h)(2)(B)(iv) requires the commander to direct a
prisoner's release from pretrial confinement unless the commander
believes upon probable cause, that is, upon reasonable grounds, that
less severe forms of restraint are inadequate.
[^57]: R.C.M. 304 and R.C.M. 305 detail the extensive procedural
requirements necessary to confine a service member prior to trial. A
probable cause determination must be made within 48 hours after
imposition of confinement. Within 72 hours, the commander must
prepare a written memorandum stating the reasons for continued
confinement. Pretrial confinement is subject to judicial review once
the charges have been referred to trial. *See* County of McLaughlin
v. Riverside, 111 S. Ct. 1661, (1991).
[^58]: R.C.M. 305(i)(2). No later than 7 days after confinement begins,
an independent review must be conducted.
[^59]: R.C.M. 305(f). "...military counsel shall be provided to the
prisoner."
[^60]: R.C.M. 305(h)(2)(B). Any person subject to trial by court-martial
may be confined prior to trial if there is both probable cause and
necessity. Probable cause to order pretrial confinement exists when
there is a reasonable belief that an offense triable by
court-martial has been committed, the person confined committed it,
and confinement is required by the circumstances.
[^61]: Courtney v. Williams**,** 1 M.J. 267, 271 (C.M.A. 1976). "We
believe, then, that a neutral and detached magistrate must decide
more than the probable cause question. A magistrate must decide if a
person could be detained and if he should be detained. The
consequences of detention are too important to require less."
[^62]: R.C.M. 305(g).
[^63]: R.C.M. 305(k). Such credit shall be computed at the rate of one
day of credit for each day of confinement. The military judge may
order additional credit for each day of pretrial confinement that
involves an abuse of discretion or unusually harsh circumstances.
See United States v. Allen, 17 M.J. 126 (C.M.A. 1984) and United
States v. Mason, 19 M.J. 274 (C.M.A. 1985).
[^64]: R.C.M. 306(b).
[^65]: Art. 30, UCMJ. *See also* R.C.M. 307(a). Common Air Force
practice is for the immediate commander to notify the member of the
charges at this stage of the proceedings.
[^66]: R.C.M. 307(c)(4).
[^67]: Art 1(9), UCMJ; Appendix 2 (Glossary). Persons serving as
accusers are thereafter precluded from acting in a variety of roles;
i.e., convening authority, pretrial investigating officer, trial
counsel, defense counsel, interpreter, reporter, escort, bailiff,
clerk, or orderly. *See also* R.C.M. 405(d)(1).
[^68]: The accuser is any person with personal knowledge of the charges
who believes they are true in fact. *Id*.
[^69]: R.C.M. 307(b)(1); R.C.M. 307(b)(2).
[^70]: *See generally* R.C.M. 403.
[^71]: R.C.M. 504(b)(4).
[^72]: Art. 25(d)(2), UCMJ.
[^73]: "The Uniform Code of Military Justice Art. 25(d)(2) states that
the members should be selected on a \"best qualified\" basis,
examining age, education, training, experience, length of service,
and judicial temperament. However, once the defense comes forward
and shows an improper jury selection, the burden is upon the
government to demonstrate that no impropriety occurred." United
States v. Roland, 50 M.J. 66, 69 (CAAF 1999).
[^74]: Art. 37(a), UCMJ. No person subject to this chapter may attempt
to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence the action of a
court-martial or any military tribunal or any member thereof.
[^75]: United States v. Osburn, 33 M.J. 810, 812 (AFCMR 1991). As we
noted in our earlier decision, unlawful command influence can be
either actual or apparent, United States v. Johnson, 14 U.S.C.M.A.
548, 34 C.M.R. 328 (1964), and in either form it is \"the mortal
enemy of military justice.\" United States v. Thomas, 22 M.J. 388,
393 (C.M.A. 1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1085, (1987)); United
States v. Biagase, 50 M.J. 143 (CAAF 1999) Unlawful command
influence is an error of constitutional dimension. United States v.
Rivers, 49 M.J. 434, 443 (CAAF 1998)
> "Unlawful command influence is the mortal enemy of military
> justice. If the target of unlawful command influence is a court
> member or the military judge, then it violates the accused\'s
> right to an impartial forum. If unlawful command influence is
> directed at prospective witnesses to intimidate them from
> testifying, it violates an accused\'s right to have access to
> favorable evidence in violation of the Sixth Amendment and Art.
> 46, UCMJ. Where unlawful command influence is exercised, the court
> may not affirm findings and sentence unless it is satisfied beyond
> a reasonable doubt that the findings and sentence are not affected
> thereby." *Id*.
[^76]: United States v. Kincheloe, 14 M.J. 40, 48 (C.M.A. 1982).
Inherent in any judge\'s role are the requirements of impartiality
and basic fairness to the parties. Military justice is firmly
committed to the proposition that the court\'s actions and
deliberations must not only be untainted, but must also avoid the
very appearance of impurity.
[^77]: United States v. Graf, 32 M.J. 809, 811 (NMCMR 1990) ("any
relationship that casts suspicion on whether a military judge is
fair or impartial provides a basis for an accused to seek his
disqualification.") R.C.M 902(b) identifies specific circumstances
that are grounds for mandatory disqualification or recusal of
military judges. R.C.M. 902(a) also provides for disqualification
and recusal in more general terms, that is, when a military judge
determines that under the circumstances of the case before him, if
the facts were known by a reasonable man, his impartiality might
reasonably be questioned. A military judge\'s denial of a challenge
against him is reviewable for abuse of discretion. United States v.
Allen, 31 M.J. 572 (N.M.C.M.R. 1990). Furthermore, Art. 26 and Art.
66, when read in conjunction with Art. 37, UCMJ, as enforced by Art.
98, UCMJ, provide both the accused and the military judge with a
mechanism to bring to light, within the public forum of a
court-martial, an attack on the military judge\'s independence, or
lack thereof, due to unlawful command influence--the perniciousness
of which is the same whether it be direct or indirect. United States
v. Hagen, 25 M.J. 78 (C.M.A. 1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1060,
(1988).
[^78]: R.C.M. 705. An accused and the convening authority may enter into
a pretrial agreement. The accused will plead guilty or waive certain
rights in return for some specified relief from the convening
authority.
[^79]: R.C.M. 703(d). When the employment at Government expense of an
expert is considered necessary by a party, the party shall, in
advance of employment of the expert, and with notice to the opposing
party, submit a request to the convening authority to authorize
employment and to fix the compensation for the expert.
[^80]: R.C.M. 704(c), Discussion. Only general court-martial convening
authorities are authorized to grant immunity. R.C.M. 704(a),
Discussion. Immunity ordinarily should be granted only when
testimony or other information from the person is necessary to the
public interest, including the needs of good order and discipline,
and when the person has refused or is likely to refuse to testify or
provide other information on the basis of the privilege against
self-incrimination.
[^81]: R.C.M. 1107(d)(1)(A). The convening authority may in his
discretion order a rehearing as to some or all offenses which
findings of guilty were entered or as to the sentence only.
[^82]: *See generally* R.C.M. 1107.
[^83]: R.C.M 1107(d)(1).
[^84]: General Mitchell, a strong advocate of air power, was tried and
convicted by a General Court-Martial for being critical of War
Department policies (1926).
[^85]: Accused of killing unarmed Vietnamese civilians in the village of
My Lai, Republic of South Vietnam, Lt Calley was convicted by
general court-martial in 1973. United States v. Calley, 22 C.M.A.
534, 48 C.M.R. 19 (1973).
[^86]: The right to object to trial by summary court-martial must be
exercised prior to arraignment. Art. 20, UCMJ.
[^87]: The convening authority designates an officer to sit as the
summary court-martial. This officer need not be a lawyer, but should
be of judicial temperament and further qualified because of age,
education, training, and experience. See R.C.M. 1301(a). These
qualifications are implied by Art. 25(d)(2), UCMJ.
[^88]: Art. 27, UCMJ, requires detailed defense counsel for only general
and special courts-martial. However, Air Force Instruction (AFI)
51-201, paragraph 5.2.2.4, Administration of Military Justice (Oct
1997) requires defense counsel be made available to the accused in
summary courts-martial as well. *See also* Lieutenant Colonel
Michael H. Gilbert, *Summary Courts-Martial: Rediscovering the
Spumoni of Military Justice,* 39 A.F. Law Rev. (1996).
[^89]: Art. 24, UCMJ sets out the requirements for who may convene
summary courts-martial.
[^90]: Art. 20, UCMJ, limits the jurisdiction of a summary court martial
to confinement to no more than one month, hard labor without
confinement to no more than 45 days, restriction to specified limits
for no more than two months and forfeiture of no more than
two-thirds pay for one month.
[^91]: Art. 23, UCMJ. Special court-martial convening authorities are
typically commanding officers of a district, garrison, fort, camp,
station, Air Force base, auxiliary air field, or other place where
members of the Army or Air Force are on duty.
[^92]: Art. 19, UCMJ, defines the jurisdiction of a special
court-martial. A minimum of three members must be detailed to the
court-martial panel.
[^93]: Counsel in military courts-martial are certified as competent to
act as counsel under Article 27(b), UCMJ, by The Judge Advocate
General. To be certified, the attorneys must be members of the
federal bar or the highest court of any state.
[^94]: Art 34, UCMJ.
[^95]: In the Army, Air Force and Coast Guard, the judges wear black
judicial robes, although Navy and Marine judges still appear in
their military uniform. See Uniform Rules of Practice before Air
Force Courts-Martial, Rule 4.3 (May 2000).
[^96]: Art. 39, UCMJ.
[^97]: At the arraignment portion of the Article 39(a) session, the
accused must state on the record his plea, choice of counsel, and
the forum to decide his case. *Id.*
[^98]: R.C.M. 918(c). Findings may be based on direct or circumstantial
evidence. Only matters properly before the court-martial on the
merits of the case may be considered. A finding of guilty on any
offense may be reached only when the factfinder is satisfied that
guilt has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
[^99]: R.C.M. 201(f)(2)(B) and R.C.M. 1103(b)(2) has been amended by
Executive Order 13262 to implement changes to Article 19, UCMJ (10
U.S.C. 819) legislated in section 577 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Public Law No. 106-65, 113
Stat. 512 (1999) increasing the jursidictional maximum punishment at
special courts-martial to one year confinement and forfeitures of
2/3 pay for 12 months.
[^100]: For a capital case referred to a general court-martial there
must be at least twelve members detailed to the panel (for offenses
committed after 31 Dec 02). See National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2001, Bill S. 1438, §§ 106 - 398.
[^101]: Art. 18, UCMJ, establishes the jurisdiction of general
courts-martial.
[^102]: Art. 32, UCMJ. No charge or specification may be referred to a
general court-martial for trial until a thorough and impartial
investigation of all the matters set forth therein has been made.
*See also* R.C.M. 405(a).
[^103]: By its express terms, the Fifth Amendment right to grand jury
indictment is inapplicable to the armed forces. "No person shall be
held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous, crime, unless
on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases
arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in
actual service, in time of War, or public danger..." U.S. Const.
Amend. V.
[^104]: R.C.M. 405(a), Discussion.
[^105]: The discussion to R.C.M. 405(d)(1) states the Investigating
Officer should be an officer in the grade of major or lieutenant
commander or higher or one with legal training.
[^106]: U.S. v. Payne, 3 M.J. 354, 355 (CMA 1977).
[^107]: *See* Art. 37 and Art. 98, UCMJ.
[^108]: R.C.M. 405(h)(3). "Access by spectators to all or part of the
proceedings may be restricted or foreclosed in the discretion of the
commander who directed the investigation or the investigating
officer." The discussion after the rule says, \"Ordinarily the
proceedings of a pretrial investigation should be open to the
public.\" In San Antonio Express-News v. Morrow, 44 M.J. 706 (CMA
1996), the Court of Military Appeals found a presumption in favor of
open hearings.
[^109]: United States v. Craig, 22 C.M.R. 466 (A.B.R. 1956), aff'd, 8
U.S.C.M.A. 28, 24 C.M.R. 28 (1957). (The investigating officer must
allow the defense to examine all matters considered by the
investigation officer, without exception).
[^110]: Art. 32(b), UCMJ, "The accused shall be advised of the charges
against him and of his right to be represented at that investigation
by counsel... . At that investigation, full opportunity shall be
given to the accused to cross-examine witnesses against him if they
are available and to present anything he may desire in his own
behalf, either in defense or mitigation."
[^111]: *See* David A. Schlueter, Military Criminal Justice Practice and
Procedure 324 (5^th^ ed. 2000).
[^112]: Article 38(a), UCMJ; R.C.M. 502(d)(5). The trial counsel shall
prosecute cases on behalf of the United States and shall cause the
record of trial of such cases to be prepared.
[^113]: Art. 27, UCMJ. In the case of special court-martial, the accused
shall be afforded the opportunity to be represented at the trial by
counsel having the qualifications stated above unless counsel having
such qualifications cannot be obtained on account of physical
conditions or military exigencies.
[^114]: Art. 46, UCMJ, states that the trial counsel, the defense
counsel, and the court-martial shall have equal opportunity to
obtain witnesses and other evidence.
[^115]: R.C.M. 701(c). *See* United States v. Eshalomi, 23 MJ 12, 24
(CMA 1986).
[^116]: R.C.M. 701, 914. *See also* MRE 304(d)(1), 311(d)(1), 321(c).
[^117]: R.C.M. 703(c)(1).
[^118]: R.C.M. 703(b)(1). In United States v. Ndanyi, 45 M.J. 315, 319
(CAAF, 1996), the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces said "it is
well-established that an accused service member has a limited right
to expert assistance at government expense to prepare his defense."
[^119]: A civilian suspect must either pay for that representation or
prove, generally once charges already have been brought, that she is
indigent and should have court-appointed counsel. *See* Gideon v.
Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963).
[^120]: Air Force Legal Services Agency Operating Instruction 1, A*ir
Force Military Defense Counsel Charter* (22 June 1998).
[^121]: Air Force Manual 51-204, *United States Air Force Judiciary,* 4
(1 July 1995).
[^122]: Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 (1981). Congress is not free to
disregard the Constitution when it acts in the area of military
affairs. In that area, as any other, Congress remains subject to the
limitations of the Due Process Clause, but the tests and limitations
to be applied may differ because of the military context. *See also*
Courtney v. Williams, 1 M.J. 267, 270 (CMA 1976).
[^123]: United States v. Ezell, 6 M.J. 307 (CMA 1979). The protections
of the Fourth Amendment and, indeed, the entire Bill of Rights, are
applicable to the men and women serving in the military services of
the United States unless expressly or by necessary implication they
are made inapplicable.
[^124]: United States v. Bubonics, 45 M.J. 93 (CAAF 1996). If, instead,
the maker\'s will was overborne and his capacity for
self-determination was critically impaired, use of his confession
would offend due process. The burden in this regard is on the
Government, as the proponent of admission of the evidence, to prove
by a preponderance of the evidence that the confession was
voluntary.
[^125]: R.C.M. 703; United States v. Morris, 52 M.J. 193 (CAAF 1999).
[^126]: Art. 27, UCMJ; R.C.M. 401(b).
[^127]: *See generally* M.R.E. 301 - 321.
[^128]: 417 U.S. 733 (1974).
[^129]: *Id.*, at 758.
[^130]: United States v. Green, 22 MJ 711 (ACMR 1986). In United States
v. Martin, 5 CMR 102 (1952), the Court of Military Appeals set forth
the seminal test for assessing the legality of an order or
regulation: All activities which are reasonably necessary to
safeguard and protect the morale, discipline and usefulness of the
members of a command and are directly connected with the maintenance
of good order in the services are subject to the control of the
officers upon whom the responsibility of the command rests.
[^131]: The Supreme Court celebrated the Miranda decision, which gave
civilians the right to remain silent or ask for an attorney in 1966,
fully 15 years after Congress enacted Article 31 into federal law.
M.R.E. 305; Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 439 (1966). *See* Major
General Jack L. Rives and Major Steven J. Ehlenbeck*, Civilian
Versus Military Justice In the United States: A Comparative
Analysis,* A.F. L. Rev., this volume, for a comparison between the
civilian and military justice systems.
[^132]: Art. 31(b), UCMJ, reads: "No person subject to this chapter may
interrogate, or request any statement from an accused or a person
suspected of an offense without first informing him of the nature of
the accusation and advising him that he does not have to make any
statement regarding the offense of which he is accused or suspected
and that any statement made by him may be used as evidence against
him in a trial by court-martial."
[^133]: M.R.E. 301(f). *See* United States v. Jordan*,* 38 M.J. 346
("Once warnings have been given, the subsequent procedure is clear.
If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or
during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the
interrogation must cease.").
[^134]: Art. 25(d)(2), UCMJ. Members should be selected on a \"best
qualified\" basis, examining age, education, training, experience,
length of service, and judicial temperament. However, once the
defense comes forward and shows an improper jury selection, the
burden is upon the government to demonstrate that no impropriety
occurred. United States v. Roland, 50 M.J. 66 (CAAF 1999).
[^135]: An enlisted accused has the absolute right to request enlisted
members on his court-martial panel. United States v. McClain, 22
M.J. 124 (CMA 1986).
[^136]: Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2002, Attachment 2, para. 2.1.5.
(1999). Ninety-nine percent of all...enlistments must be high school
graduates or higher.
[^137]: *Report on the Method of Selection of Members of the Armed
Forces to Serve on Courts-Martial*, DOD Joint Service Committee on
Military Justice, Aug. 1999, at 8.
[^138]: *Id.* at 46.
[^139]: *Id.* at 44.
[^140]: These safeguards include Article 37, UCMJ, Mil. R. Evid. 606(b),
voir dire, and remedial action by the trial and appellate courts.
*Id.* at 46.
[^141]: R.C.M. 912(f)(2).
[^142]: Art. 41, UCMJ.
[^143]: Judge Everett used the following example to show the importance
of having members with military experience: "in a trial for
dereliction of duty \[for example\], a court of military persons
might be much better qualified by experience to understand the
nature of the duties in which an accused supposedly had been
derelict" than would a jury of civilians. Everett, *supra* note 21
at 5.
[^144]: Art. 37, UCMJ. Any attempts to coerce or, by lawful means,
influence the action of a court-martial or any member involved are
criminal.
[^145]: R.C.M. 921(c); *see also* R.C.M.1006(d).
[^146]: Unanimous verdicts are not constitutionally required. Johnson v.
Louisiana, 406 U.S. 356 (1972) (upholding Louisiana statute allowing
conviction by three-fourths majority); Apodaca v. Oregon*,* 406 U.S.
404 (1972) (upholding Oregon\'s ten-of-twelve majority rule).
Moreover, \"the right to trial by jury guaranteed by the Sixth
Amendment is not applicable to trials by courts-martial or military
commissions.\" Whelchel v. McDonald, 340 U.S. 122 (1950). \"The
constitution of courts-martial, like other matters relating to their
organization and administration is a matter appropriate for
congressional action.\" *Id.* See also Mendrano v. Smith, 797 F.2d
1538, 1544 (10th Cir. 1986) (\"Statements by the \[Supreme\] Court
and the courts of appeals reflect the universal view that members of
the military have no right to jury trial in court-martial
proceedings.\"). The same two-thirds holds for sentencing except
that three-fourths are required for sentencing if the accused is to
be confined for more than ten years and a unanimous vote is required
for sentencing in a capital case.
[^147]: The military judge at a special or general court-martial acts as
the presiding officer. He conducts pretrial sessions at which a
defendant is arraigned and pleas are entered. He rules on all legal
questions and he instructs the members on the laws and procedures to
be followed in the case. R.C.M. 801(a). When a military judge
presides over a court-martial composed of panel members, the members
decide guilt or innocence and, when necessary, impose sentence.
R.C.M. 921, 1006. When a military judge sits alone, he decides those
issues. Art. 16, UCMJ. The sentence imposed by any type of
court-martial does not become final until the officer who convened
the court-martial approves it. Art. 60, UCMJ.
[^148]: Military judges are subject to the ABA Code of Judicial Conduct
Canon 1 (1972), which requires them to uphold the independence and
integrity of their courts*. See also* TJAG Policy Letter 3, *Uniform
Code of Judicial Conduct for Military Trial and Appellate Judges and
Uniform Regulations and Procedures Relating to Judicial Discipline*
(1998).
[^149]: Art. 26(c), UCMJ, states that:
> The military judge of a general court-martial shall be designated
> by the Judge Advocate General, or his designee, of the armed force
> of which the military judge is a member for detail in accordance
> with regulations prescribed under subsection (a). Unless the
> court-martial was convened by the President or the Secretary
> concerned, neither the convening authority nor any member of his
> staff shall prepare or review any report concerning the
> effectiveness, fitness, or efficiency of the military judge so
> detailed, which relates to his performance of duty as a military
> judge.
*See also* R.C.M. 503(b). A commissioned officer who is certified to
be qualified for duty as a military judge of a general court-martial
may perform such duties only when he is assigned and directly
responsible to the Judge Advocate General, or his designee, of the
armed force of which the military judge is a member and may perform
duties of a judicial or nonjudicial nature other than those relating
to his primary duty as a military judge of a general court-martial
when such duties are assigned to him by or with the approval of that
Judge Advocate General or his designee.
[^150]: MCM, 1984, Part III. *See generally* Lederer, *The Military
Rules of Evidence, Origins and Judicial Implementation*, 130 Mil. L.
Rev. 5 (1990).
[^151]: M.R.E. 101. *See also* M.R.E. 1101.
[^152]: M.R.E. 1102 requires any amendments to the Federal Rules of
Evidence be incorporated into the Military Rules of Evidence 18
months after the effective date of such amendments unless the
President takes action to the contrary.
[^153]: *See* Saltzburg, Schinasi & Schlueter, Military Rules of
Evidence Manual (4^th^ ed. 1997). The rules may be relaxed by the
judge at defense request during sentencing procedures and are not
applied (with the exception of privileges) to proceedings involving
search authorizations or pretrial confinement hearings.
[^154]: R.C.M. 1105 allows the accused to submit to the convening
authority any matters that may reasonably tend to affect the
convening authority's decision whether to disapprove any findings of
guilty or to approve the sentence.
[^155]: R.C.M. 1107(b)(1) states that the action to be taken on the
findings and sentence is within the sole discretion of the convening
authority and is a matter of command prerogative.
[^156]: Art. 66, UCMJ.
[^157]: 10 U.S.C.S. § 942. The law specifically prohibits an individual
who retired after 20 years of active service in the armed forces
from being appointed to the court of appeals.
[^158]: Decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed
Forces are subject to review by the Supreme Court by writ of
certiorari as provided in section 1259 of Title 28. *See also* Art.
67a, UCMJ.
[^159]: *Supra* at note 156.
[^160]: David A. Schlueter, Military Criminal Justice Practice and
Procedure, 3 (5^th^ ed. 1999).
| en |
all-txt-docs | 055873 | chapter 7
L
GENES AS DETERMINANTS
OF HEREDITY
D arwin thought of evolution as a process of adap-
tation to environment by means of the natural selection of favorable
"variations." Within the context of the knowledge of his day he
could not, of course, replace the word "variations,, with "mutations,,,
since the science of genetics had not yet been invented. However,
being a man with a strong urge to tie up loose ends, Darwin sug-
gested that "variations,,, * m&ding those that he felt might be ac-
quired in response to environmental pressures during the lifetime of
the organism, were inherited by a mechanism in which all the somatic
(body) cells contributed information to the germ cells. We know
now that acquired characteristics are not inherited and, with the
emergence of genetics, it became possible to speak of the inherited
characteristics of an organism (his phenotype) as the expression of
the sum of his chromosomal genes (his genotype).* We may now
* It should be stressed that environmental conditions, during development,
can exert a profound influence on the phenotypic expression of the genes. A
classical example of this is the effect of temperature on the number of eye facets
in Drosophila whose chromosomes bear the mutations "low-bar" and "ultra-bar."'
Two organisms with identical developmental potentialities may look or act quite
differently, although their respective offspring will be back to the .old standard
15
describe evolution in terms of the natural selection of favorable gene
mutations in a population and the perpetuation of these through re-
production.
Since this book is directed at biochemists, many of whom may
have had as little formal training in genetics as I have, it is necessary
to present, as a starting point for further reading, an abbreviated sur-
vey of the gene concept and of some of its experimental consequences.
We shall restrict ourselves to the Mendelian genetics of normal bi-
sexual reproduction as it occurs in the higher plants and animals.
The mechanisms involved, although by no means universal, can serve
as a qualitative basis for considering the reproduction of even such
specialized genetic systems as the bacterial viruses, if we are willing
to cut some comers.
Parent
generation
0
RR
\ /
Rxr
Nearly a hundred years ago, Gregor Mendel made the observa-
tions that established the fundamental laws of genetics. Mendel
crossed strains of garden peas which differed in one contrasting char-
acter (e.g., purple or white flowers) and observed that the progeny
(the so-called F, generation) were all purple. This character was,
then, the "dominant" trait and white the "recessive." Similar dom-
inance or recessiveness was observed for many other alternative traits.
When two members of the F, generation were crossed, he observed
that about three-fourths of the progeny in the F, generation were
purple and one-fourth white. These experiments suggested that any
particular character-determining unit of heredity exists in two forms
and that these "aZZeZic" forms do not blend but maintain their identity
throughout the life of the F, organisms to separate later in the fol-
lowing generation. The units of heredity were subsequently named
"genes,, by Johanssen in 1911. An organism, like the F, peas of
Mendel, which contains both allelic forms is said to be a heterozy-
gote, and those possessing a double dose of one or the other allele
is a homozygote. We refer, genetically, to the former as Rr and to
the latter as RR or rr (homozygous for the dominant and recessive
forms respectively).
F,
generation
Mendel's experiment, summarized in Figure 9, illustrates the
"law of segregation." The frequency of occurrence of purple and
white flowered plants in the F, generation (3: 1) is to be expected
if the two allelic forms of this particular color-determining gene, one
dominant over the other, segregate to yield equal numbers of R and r
units during the formation of germ cells and then proceed to recom-
bine at random in the new generation. Mendel checked this hy-
and the superficial characteristics acquired as the result of environmental pres-
sures will not be inherited.
Figure 9. Mendel's first law, the law of segregation; R stands for the gene for
purple and I for the gene for white flower color. Black rings and white rings
symbolize purple and white-flowered plants, respectively. Purple color is domi-
nant over white.
John Wiley & Sons, Redrawn from T. Dobzhansky, Eoolution, Genetics, and Man,
1955.
16 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY
17
Parent
generation
4
generation
F2
generation
AABB
mbh
\ AB x
AaBb
Figure IO. Mendel's second law, the law of independent assortment; A and a rep-
resent the genes for yellow and green colors, respectively, and B and b those for
smooth and wrinkled seed surfaces. Yellow is dominant over green and round
is dominant over wrinkled. Redrawn from T. Dobzhansky, Euolutfon, Genetics,
and Man, John Wiley & Sons, 1955.
pothesis by allowing the purple-flowered plants in the F, generation
to produce an F, generation. One-third of the F, plants (the RR
strain) produced only purple-flowered progeny, whereas two-thirds
(the Rr variety) produced either white- or purple-flowered progeny
in the ratio 1:3 as predicted by the principle of segregation.
In some of his experiments Mendel crossed peas which differed
in two or more traits. Thus, as summarized in Figure 10, be crossed
peas having yellow, smooth seeds with others having green, wrinkled
seeds; he knew in advance that the gene for yellow color was
dominant over that for green and the gene for round seeds was
dominant over that for wrinkled. The F, generation had seeds which
were yellow and smooth, since both dominant traits were present in
this hybrid and determined the phenotype. In the F, generation,
however, the phenotype was determined by a random combination of
the four segregated traits as shown in the figure. Seeds of the F,
progeny showed all the four possible combinations of phenotype but,
because of the dominance of yellow and smooth over green and
wrinkled, these appeared in a ratio of 9:3:3: 1 with only one-sixteenth
of the seeds having the double recessive characteristics. This phe-
nomenon, independent assortment of genetic traits, is the second basic
"law" growing out of Mendel's studies.
The simplicity of Mendel's experiments and their ease of interpre-
tation were really due to his good fortune in choosing sets of traits
which segregated and recombined to give the theoretical 3: 1 ratio.
In many instances this ratio is not obtained, and instead certain
sets of genes may segregate together to yield what are termed "linked"
traits. To understand the linkage of genes we must first consider
the phenomena of mitosis and meiosis.
Cytologists have been aware for over a hundred years of chromo-
somes as visible rod or thread-like structures that appear in the
nucleus during cell division. The number of chromosomes per
nucleus is a characteristic constant for any given species. The
genetic information present in a cell is accurately perpetuated in each
of the daughter cells by the process of mitosis. The stages in mitosis
are shown in Figure 11 as they are observed in the root tips of
the common onion. The simplified drawing on the left side of the
figure depicts the behavior of a single chromosome of this plant.
The centromeres are represented, in this figure, by open circles.
These specialized structures within each chromosomal strand act
as points of attachment for the fibers which bind the chromosomes
to the pole of the spindle during subdivision of the cell. The centro-
mere is replicated during the division cycle, as shown. Occasional
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 19
II) THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
Figure 11. Mitotic cell division in the common onion: A, interphase; B, prophase;
C, metaphase; D, anaphase; E, telophase; F, daughter cells. From T. Dobzhan-
sky, Eoolutfon, Genetfcs, and Man, John Wiley &I Sons, 1955.
cells containing chromosomes which lack a centromere, or which
have more than one, do not survive. The genetically significant
event is the exact duplication of each chromosomal daughter-strand
during the period between stages F and B, whereby hereditary con-
stancy is insured in all the somatic cells of an organism during its
growth and development.
The nucleus of the somatic cell (diploid) contains twice as many
chromosomal strands as the germ cells or gametes (haploid). The
complement of chromosomal strands in a gamete is the same as
that of somatic cells immediately following mitosis, before the ma-
chinery of the cell has had an opportunity to bring about duplica-
tion of each strand. That is, each gamete contains only a single
aIlelic form of each gene. When two sex celIs unite, the resulting
diploid zygote contains the hereditary units of both parents arranged
in such a way that the corresponding chromosomal strands are paired
with each set of allelic genes in exact physical complementarity.
When the time comes for the cells of the reproductive tract to
produce gametes, there occurs a process termed meiosis, which is
summarized schematically in Figure 12. The sets of chromosomes
first enter a stage resembling prophase in mitosis. The corresponding
maternal and paternal chromosome sets then proceed to find one
another by a miraculous procedure in which each bit of cytologically
discernible detail along the maternal strand pairs with its opposite
number in the paternal strand. Each of the two strands then sub-
divides into two, and, in most organisms, the pairs of strands are
bound together at one or more points by "chiasmata" (Figure 120).
The further stages of meiosis lead to the formation of gametes
containing only one chromosome of each kind. As shown schemati-
cally in the figure, the centromere divides during the second meiotic
division. The details of these latter stages of meiosis are somewhat
different in different organisms, but the end result, haploid sex cells,
is the same.
Early in this century cytologists recognized that the phenomena of
independent assortment and segregation of heritable characteristics
were consistent with the behavior of chromosomes during cell divi-
sion. Direct evidence for such a correlation was soon forthcoming,
largely through the efforts and imagination of T. H. Morgan. Mor-
gan chose as his experimental object the fruit fly, Drosophila mekzno-
guster, which contains extremely large chromosomes in the cells of its
salivary gIands. This organism possessed a number of important
advantages for genetic research, including a high rate of multipli-
cation and a genetic apparatus having only four pairs of chromosomes.
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 21
--
@
Figure 12. Schematic design of the stages of meiosis. Only a single pair of
chromosomes is shown. The paternal chromosomes are in black and the maternal
in white. #The centromeres are shown as white circles. After T. Dobzhansky,
Euolution, Genettcs, and Man, John Wiley & Sons, 1955.
By crossing strains of flies which showed different inherited traits,
Morgan demonstrated that many of these traits behaved according
to the principles of Mendelian genetics. He soon observed, however,
that a number of traits did not show independent assortment but were
frequently transmitted from parent to progeny as though they were
linked together in a genetic bundle. A consideration of the scheme
in Figure 12 will make clear the (correct) explanation put forward
22 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
by Morgan for these observations. Except for the segments of each
chromosomal strand that may be exchanged for their counterparts in
the course of the formation of chiasmata, the total genetic information
in each chromosome appears in any specific gamete as a unit. Thus,
two closely linked genes (and we may think of this linkage, in
physical terms, as distance along the strand) are not likely to become
separated from one another during meiosis. Morgan and his scien-
tific followers in the field soon found that the traits with which they
dealt fell into four linkage groups and concluded that each cor-
responded to one of the four chromosomes. This conclusion was
completely supported when subsequent studies on the giant salivary
gland chromosomes of Drosophila made possible the direct com-
parison of gene mutations as detected by genetic analysis with
visible morphological changes in the individual chromosomes them-
selves (Figure 13).
Genes that are linked together frequently do show independent
assortment, in spite of their location on the same chromosome.
This separation is explainable in terms of the exchange of chromo-
somal segments that takes place between the two strands during
the formation of chiasma. (S ee t ransfers indicated in Figure 120.)
Morgan suggested that the frequency of separation, or of recombina-
tion, of two linked genes is a function of the linear distance separating
them. Stated in other terms, the probability of a chiasma occurring
between two distant genes would be much greater than the proba-
bility of one occurring between two genes which are close to one
another. His hypothesis has been amply confirmed by a vast amount
of data on the recombination of linked genes in a variety of organisms
and, although there exist numerous examples of quantitative devi-
ation from the rule, frequency of recombination is in general a relia-
ble measure of the separation between genes.
At this juncture it may be wise to introduce an aside directed
toward the novice in genetics. The picture we have drawn of the
development of the fundamental concepts of genetics has been made
purposely rosy for simplicity's sake. In this discussion, and in what
follows, we are interested in getting across only the most basic con-
ceptual framework of the subject and cannot consider the many
reservations and qualifications to be found in any adequate text-
book. (For example, in male Drosophila no chiasmata are formed
during the process of spermatogenesis, and consequently no linked
genes can undergo recombination in the progenies of hybrid males.
In the reproduction of bacteriophage, a matter we shall discuss at
greater length in later chapters, recombination of linked genes
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 23
takes place, from a statistical point of uiew, in a manner quite analo-
gous to recombination in higher organisms. Estimates of the dis-
tances between two genes on the phage "chromosome" may be
based on the same general sort of calculation that we employ for
studies on sweet peas, in spite of the fact that classical reciprocal
crossover does not occur; that is, wild-type and double recombinant
phages do not, both, generally result from a single mating event.)
If genes may be thought of as being arranged in a linear fashion
along the chromosomal strand, and if the distances between them
may be estimated by linkage analysis, it is clear that a "map" can
be constructed expressing their physical relation to one another.
Such maps have been prepared for a number of species of higher
organisms and more recently for bacteria and viruses as well. A
map of some of the genes that have been studied in Drosophila mel-
anognster is shown in Figure 14. In general, the distances indicated
behveen genes can be shown to be qualitatively correct by internal
checks. Thus, in a series of crosses involving three genes A, B, and
C, if it is found that the distance between A and B is x units and
behveen B and C is y units, the distance between A and C will be
found to be approximately x plus y units. The units used here are
"units of recombination" and are merely the percentage of the prog-
eny from any particular cross that is different from either parent
genotype. For a variety of reasons, the "genetic distances" indicated
on maps such as that shown in Figure 13 bear only a rough corre-
spondence to the actual physical parameters of the chromosomal
strand. One factor responsible for such deviations is the apparent
greater potentiality of some parts of the chromosome to crossover
than others. Another factor involves the occurrence of multiple
crossovers. As the length between two genes becomes larger and
larger, the chance of multiple crossovers will increase and, in the
limit, there will be an equal chance of an even number and an odd
number of crossovers. Thus with widely separated genes and with
random crossover, the `map distance" would approach 50 recombi-
nation units rather than 100. Genetic maps appear, in general, to
be a reliable representation of the relative order of genes, confirming
the concept of a linear arrangement. But it must be recognized that
the frequency of crossover varies from point to point along the
chromosome, and from species to species, and has great influence on
the additivity of distances and on the total apparent map length.
In the vast majority of cases, the translation of phenotype into the
language of genetics follows the simple rules we have attempted to
summarize. The difficulties experienced by nonspecialists in the
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 25
24
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
d
ID
lx
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m
:
yellow(B) al
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d
59.0 vermilion (E)
a.1 mtitun(W)
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43.0 uble (B)
u.4 garnet(E)
b
d\
ii4
/56.7 forked(H) B/
-57.0 bar(E) En
59.5 flued
hy
13.0 dumpy 0)
16.5 clot(E)
b
ee
h
81.0 dacha(B)
41.0 jammed(W) ;
th
rt
US black(B) D
161.0 reduced(H) ,$
,54.5 purple W)
2s btitlc (H)
`55.0 light(E) sb
57.5 cinnabar (I?) u
620 enpiled (B)$
61.0 vestigial ,w,L
H.
72.0 lobe(E) '
75.5 curved(W) aJ
m
833 h=Py(B'
100.7 brown(E)
107.0 o pc&(B) M'
192 jwelin (H)
so e+(E)
26.5 hairy (Ii)
,dichMb (H)
-i;,&&(E)
&O eculet
47.5 &formed(E)
`46.0 pink(E)
50.0 curled(W)
,5&z o tuhble (H)
-56.5 lpiaalev (H)
`58.7 bithow
62.0 ettQe(Bl
`63.0 @em(E)
661 delta(V)
a.5 haike
70.7 &my(B)
74.7 cmdhd(El
91.1 rourh (E'
100.7 duet(E)
ma minute-#(H)
Figure 14. Genetic maps of the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. After
C. Bridges, from Mary J. Guthrie and John M. Anderson, General Zoology, John
Wiley & Sons, 1957.
course of reading genetic literature arise from the terminology which
has been needed by experts to categorize the abnormal. A gene is
recognized only because it can be modified and appear in an ab-
normal allelic form which determines some unusual phenotypic char-
acter. We refer to such changes in genes as mutations, but we must
be constantly aware of the fact that the word has a multiplicity of
meanings and that true understanding of genie modification can only
be reached when the genetics becomes describable in chemical terms.
The appearance of a new phenotypic character may be due to a
change in the gene itself, chemical or configurational, to a deletion
or reduplication of the gene, or to one of a number of "position ef-
fects" involving the inversion or translocation of genes to new posi-
tions along the chromosome. As stated by T. Dobzhansky,2 `A
chromosome is not just a container for genes but a harmonious sys-
tem of interacting genes. The arrangement of genes in a chromosome
has developed gradually during the evolution of the organism to
which the chromosome belongs; the structure of a chromosome, like
the structure of any organ, is a product of adaptive evolution." It is
to be hoped that the foregoing discussion of the simplest elements of
genetics will be sufficiently irritating in its compactness (and in-
completeness) to cause some readers of this book to look into a few
of the volumes listed at the end of this chapter.
Most of what follows in this book will be concerned with what
genes do, and we approach the subject in terms as chemical as pos-
sible within the limits of our present knowledge of nucleic acid and
protein structure. In the classical sense, the term "gene" has a purely
operational meaning. It may be applied to any unit of heredity that
can undergo a mutation and be detected by a change in phenotype.
As the determined distances between genes on chromosome maps be-
come less and less, the maximum size of the chemical unit which de-
termines a gene must be thought of as being smaller and smaller:
Our impression of the size of a gene, from genetic information alone,
depends entirely on the sensitivity of the methods available for the
detection of extremely infrequent crossovers. It is precisely within
this twilight zone of detectability that the classical definition of the
gene begins to break down; here contemporary research in genetics
and chemistry finds common ground. Estimates of the size of a gene
(as an operational unit) have been made by several methods which
together more or less define the upper and lower limits. One sort of
estimate is possible from crossover data. Muller and Prokofyeva,3
for example, localized four genes on the giant salivary gland chromo-
somes of Drosophila within a distance of 0.5 micron and concluded
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 17
26
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
that the upper mean limit of length for each must therefore be 1250 A.
Other estimates, derived from studies of the effects of ionizing radia-
tion on the frequency of mutation, indicate that a single gene may
occupy a volume corresponding to a sphere with a diameter as small
as 10 to 100 A. The discrepancy between crossover and radiation
data is considered too large to be due to experimental or interpreta-
tive error and suggests that two different aspects of gene structure
are being measured by the two techniques, one having to do with
the crossover of the entire, intact gene (that is, a .functional unit of
genetics) and one with the modification of chemical fine structure
within its macromolecular architecture.
This conclusion appears to be supported by recent developments in
genetic fine-structure analysis, a few of which we shall review subse-
quently. To establish a bridge between the more classical concepts
of genetics and the rather revolutionary findings of the contemporary
microbial geneticist, it is instructive to consider an example of the
apparent subdivision of a single gene in the genetic material of
Drosophila.
In the course of linkage analysis, certain genetic units called
"pseudoalleles" have been detected which appear to be concerned with
the same, or at least with a closely related, function. One such set
of pseudoalleles makes up the "lozenge genes" of Drosophila melano-
gaster. A mutation in the "lozenge" region causes changes in the
pigmentation of the eyes and also certain other morphological changes.
The mutant forms are recessive to the normal allelic form of the gene;
that is, heterozygotes show normal pigmentation. Green and Green'
have studied three mutational loci within this region of the genetic
map, all of which have "lozenge" characteristics. From an analysis
of crossover data, they have determined that all three loci fall within
a genetic distance of less than 0.1 units of recombination. They were
further able to show that &n&e heterozygotes, in which the two
mutant alleles were on the same chromosomal strand, showed the
wild-type character, whereas an arrangement in which the two
mutants appeared on different strands of the same chromosome pro-
duced the mutant phenotype. The phenotypic consequences of the
various arrangements of two mutant loci are shown in Figure 15.
Two explanations for these observations have been offered. One
suggests that each of the individual loci controls a different enzymatic
activity which is in close physical association with the genetic locus
itself. These enzymes are pictured as components of a series of
consecutive reactions leading to the formation of an essential chem-
ical material. Such a situation might apply if the individual re-
28 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
Mutant
phenotype
(trams)
Wild
phenotype
(cd
Flgure 15. Schematic diagram of the cb and truns arrangements of the pseudo-
allelic "lozenge" genes in Drosophilu melunogaster. After M. M. Green and
K. C. Green, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 35, 586 ( 1949).
actions were of such a nature that the operation of the reaction chain
depended on certain minimum concentrations of intermediates and
would be interrupted should diffusion (from one chromosomal strand
in the "mutant" heterozygotes of Figure 15 to another, for example)
lead to a suboptimal concentration level for any of the intermediates.
This explanation for pseudoallelism clearly involves a number of
rather large assumptions and seems less likely, at the moment,
than the second alternative, namely, that each pseudoallelic
mutation, although distinguishable, like any "gene," by crossover,
is really a change in the stcbstructure of the functional parent gene.
Thus, we may postulate that a mutation at any of the three loci of
the lozenge gene might equally impair its function and that only with
the cis arrangement, in which one complete unmarred strand carries
the load, can the normal phenotype be expressed. To anticipate
some of our later discussion, this idea has been used by Benzer as
the basis for the coining of a new genetic term, the "cistron," by
which is meant a genetic unit of function subdivisible by genetic
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 29
Both cistrons
functional
Only cistron A
functional
Both cistrons
functional
Both cistrons
functional
I
0 Cistron
A
1;d
Cis
Trans
arrangement
arrangement
Figure 16. The subdivision of a functional gene into "cistrons," both of which must
cooperate to produce an expression in the phenotype. When two mutations occur
in the same cistron, normal function can only be expressed when the loci are in
the ck arrangement, but not when they are in the truns arrangement. Based on
the suggestions of Seymour Benzer, The ChemlcaZ Bash of Heredity, Johns Hop-
kins Press, 1957.
tests into ultimate units of recombination termed the "recon." In
this system of terminology, two recons would belong to the same
cistron when the cb arrangement of two mutant loci in a double
heterozygote (Figure 16) results in functional adequacy and the
tram arrangement does not. The demonstration that genes are
made up of blocks of very closely linked subunits which may be
differentiated by crossover has been a tremendous stimulus to bio-
chemists interested in "genetic chemistry." The mutational effect
of ionizing radiation on a bundle of genetic matter having an esti-
mated diameter of 10 A. or so becomes a much more tangible
phenomenon when we can compare such a distance with equivalent
chemical distances, such as the separation of side chains on a
polypeptide or the molecular dimensions of a dinucleotide. As we
shall discuss in later chapters, the ultimate mutable units of genetics
do, indeed, appear to be about this size, and it is possible that we
may soon be able to equate them with individual nucleotide residues
along the polynucleotide strands of deoxyribonucleic acid.
30 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
An Introduction to the Concept of "Biochemical Genetics"
No summary of genetic principles would be complete without some
discussion of heredity in Neurospora. Neurospora occupies a special
niche in genetics because a great deal of the evidence relating genetic
constitution to biochemical behavior has been obtained through its
study.
It has long been evident that mutations are reflected as changes in
biochemical properties. This is essentially a paraphrase of the state-
ment that mutations are detected only because of the difference in
phenotype which they induce, the phenotype of an organism pre-
sumably being the sum of its biochemical potentialities. The studies
on the genetic control of the structure of flower pigments by Law-
rence,5 Scott-Moncrieff, and their colleagues helped establish the
fact that individual genes determine the exact chemical structure of
these pigments by regulating the extent of methqxylation, hydroxyla-
tion, or conjugation with carbohydrate of certain heterocyclic com-
pounds called anthocyans. These studies already began to suggest
that the modification of a single gene leads to a change in some
specific biosynthetic process.
Wild strains of Neurosporn may be selected which will grow well
on an extremely simple culture medium consisting essentially of sugar,
salts, and a single vitamin, biotin. By exposing such cultures to some
mutagenic agent (e.g. X-rays), we obtain mutants that no longer
grow on the minimal medium but require the addition of nutritional
additives like yeast extract and hydrolyzed proteins and nucleic
acids. By systematic dissection of the additive mixture, it may be
determined which single nutritional requirement has been induced
by mutation. The isolation of mutant forms having clear-cut nutri-
tional requirements is not always simple, and many have been
isolated which undergo spontaneous reversion to the wild type
or which continue to grow on a minimal medium, although at a
much reduced rate. However, a large number of stable, full-blown
mutants that require a single nutritional additive for growth has now
been isolated. These nutritional substances include a variety of
amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, and vitamins. Because of the
conventional chromosomal system of inheritance, the position of these
mutant loci in Neurosporu may be established by orthodox crossing
over methods. The experimental approach to mapping is indicated
by a consideration of the natural history of Neurosporu, the main
points of which are shown in Figure 17.
In asexual reproduction, the haploid conidia germinate to produce
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 31
Conidia
Conidia
Ascospo
germinat
Ascospore
germination
Ascus sac with ascospores
4&d
Figure 17. The life cycle of Neurosporu crassa. The genetic events which occur
during the first and second meiotic divisions are illustrated in greater detail in
Figure 18. Redrawn, in part, from R. P. Wagner and H. K. Mitchell, Genetics
and Metabolism, John Wiley & Sons, 1955.
more haploid mycelia. Increase in mass also takes place by simple
growth of existing mycelia through mitosis and the utilization of
nutrients from the culture medium. In sexual reproduction cross-
fertilization takes place between two mating types, variously referred
to as A and a, or + and -. The conidia of these two types appear
to differ only in a single genetic locus on one of the chromosomes.
In a cross, the haploid nuclei of the two mating types become as-
sociated within a common cytoplasm. In subsequent events (Figure
17) the nuclei of both mating types undergo numerous equational
divisions (a,b) and subsequently fuse, side by side, into a diploid pair
32 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
(cd). This zygote (d) th en undergoes two rounds of meiosis (e,f)
to produce four haploid nuclei (f) which then divide mitotically, to
yield eight ascospores (g). When these ascospores are exposed to
heat or to certain other stimuli (furfural), germination is induced.
One of the advantages of Neurospora as an experimental tool in
genetics is the fact that the order of events during meiosis is faith-
fully mirrored in the final asci. As summarized in Figure 17, the
upper and lower sets of two nuclei at the four-nucleate stage are
derived from the upper and lower nuclei of the binucleate state,
and a similar regularity is preserved after the subsequent mitotic
division (stage g). The individual ascospores may be dissected
out by hand, in order.
With some mutations, which cause a visible difference in the
appearance of the final ascospore, we may estimate, without testing
the individual spores, the frequency of crossing over during meiosis,
and thus the map position of the locus in question in relation to
the centromere as a zero point. This procedure is illustrated in an
elegant way by an example taken from the work of D. R. Stadler"
on an unusual lysine-requiring mutant. This mutant, one of a num-
ber of lysine-requiring strains studied by N. Good in 1951, exhibits
delayed ascospore formation, and mutant spores may be detected
within the ascus by their colorless appearance. Perpetuation of this
abnormal strain is possible, in spite of the arrested maturation, because
the vegetative mycelium can be cultivated indefinitely without the
necessity for sexual reproduction and also because an occasional
mutant spore will mature upon aging. The photograph in Figure
18 shows the typical appearance of the asci that are produced when
the mutant is crossed with a wild-type strain.
The critical stages in meiosis following the cross are shown schc-
matically in Figure 19. The two haploid conidia first fuse to form a
zygote a,. (This zyg t
o e is known to be in a double-stranded form
(a,) at the start of the first meiotic division.) During this first
meiotic division crossover may or may not occur between the two
sets of parental strands. In Neurospora, the centromeres from each
parental chromosome do not divide during the first meiotic step, and
the crossed-over pairs of strands remain attached as shown in the
figure (b and c). The frequency of crossing over of a given allele
during the first meiosis is assumed to be a function of the distance of
this locus from the centromere.
During the second meiotic division each nucleus yields two daugh-
ter nuclei to give a total of four, arranged in a row, the upper and
lower set derived by division of the upper and lower of the two
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 33
nuclei in the binucleate cell. If no crossover has occurred, the
order shown in d develops, whereas with crossover four different
arrangements may be obtained (e). When the four-nucleate cells
undergo subsequent mitosis, various asci are produced as shown in
the photograph.
The spores containing the mutant locus are easily distinguished
by their colorless appearance. Inspection of the photograph (Figure
18) indicates that in nine of the fourteen mature ascospores no
crossover has occurred; that is, the normal and the mutant forms
of the locus in question have segregated at the first meiotic division.
Figure 18. Appearance of asci produced upon crossing a wild-type strain of
Neurosporu with a lysine-requiring mutant which exhibits delayed maturation.
As discussed in the text, the approximate location of the mutant locus on its
chromosome may be deduced from the relative frequencies of first- and second-
division segregation. This photograph was obtained through the kindness of
Dr. David Et. Stadler of the University of Washington.
Five ascospores show a pattern consistent with second division segre-
gation, one alternating as in Figure 19, e, and e,, and four symmetri-
cal as in e2 and e,. Therefore, five-fourteenths of the mature asco-
spores, during development from zygotes, have undergone crossover.
Assuming linearity of genes, a direct relationship between crossover
frequency and linear distance, and the absence of centromere division
in the first meiosis, the mutant locus would be calculated to be
5/14 X 109 or 36 per cent of the distance from the centromere to the
end of the chromosomal strand. (Actually this map distance is to be
divided by a factor of two since the unit of mapping in Neurospom
is defined as one-half of this ratio.)
34 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 35
,
Meiosis # 1
Centromere
does not divide
I Centromere divides I
or 1 + + 1 fed
or + 1 1 t k3)
or + 1 + 1 fed)
Figure 19. A schematic diagram of the genetic events which occur during the
development of an ascus from a zygote in Neurospora. The left side of the dia-
gram shows the results of first division segregation, and the right side, those of
second division segregation of the two alleles, 1 and +.
The crossover frequency values obtained from cross to cross were
found by Stadler to vary over a considerable range, as is frequently
observed in genetic practice. Accurate mapping must always involve
a series of crosses between three separate markers or two markers and
the centromere, so that additivity may be used as a check. This
example is included here because it illustrates how an approximate
estimate may be made of the location of a mutant locus in Neuro-
spora, even without exhaustive crossing of progeny, when the muta-
tion produces a visible change in the convenient ascospore "re-
cording system."
The great value of the Neurospora mutant technique as a tool for
relating genetics to biochemistry will be evident from a consideration
of the following example. Three genetically distinct mutants, which
will grow on the minimal medium when this is supplemented with
one or more of the three amino acids, arginine, citrulline, and orni-
thine, have been isolated. Mutant 1 can grow only when supplied
arginine and cannot utilize citrulline or ornithine. Mutant 2 can use
both citrulline and arginine, and mutant 3 can manage on any one
of the three nutritional additives. These observations suggest that
arginine may be produced through the sequence of reactions shown
in Figure 20. Assuming the correctness of this biochemical hypothe-
sis, we may propose that the mutant loci in the three mutants each
affect a specific enzymatic process in the reaction chain leading to
the synthesis of arginine. The correctness of this proposition is
indicated by the fact that nutritional mutants will, in general, utilize
and grow on intermediates that come after the `block" but not
those that precede it. Indeed, in most instances, there is an accumu-
lation of intermediate metabolites preceding the block.
The particular reaction sequence leading to arginine formation is
a well-established one for many organisms. The study of the three
Neurospora mutants is, thus, mainly a confirmatory one, but it has
great historical interest since it was one of the earlier clean-cut
examples of the direct relation between the enzymatic potential of
an organism and its heredity. In many later investigations results
derived from the study of other mutants have frequently served as
the first wedge in the elucidation of new metabolic pathways.
Perhaps the most significant development growing out of the study
of the inheritance of nutritional requirements in Neurospora has been
the enunciation of the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis by G. W.
Beadle and E. L. Tatum and their collaborators. This hypothesis,
which proposes that a single gene controls the synthesis of only one
enzyme or other specific cellular protein, can be made quite flexible
by the proper choice of semantics. The breadth of interpretation is
36 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
Compounds Utilized
by .Mutanta
- - + Omithine
- + t Citrulline
+ -I- t Arginine
k-C-C--c-COOH Urea
\ -Y(
0
0
II
NH,-C-NH NH,
C-C-C-C-COOH
f 0
NH -6,,
2 I
C-C-C-C-COOH
Figure 20. A series of biochemical reactions in the biosynthesis of arginine, the
order of which could b e established by the study of the nutritional requirements
of three mutants of Neurospora. From the work of A. M. Srb. and N. H. Horo-
witz, J. Biol. Chem., 154, 129 (1944).
directly dependent on the definition we choose to give to the word
"gene." Thus, as is true of the pseudoalleles of the "lozenge" gene
in Drosophila, finer and finer genetic analysis begins to discriminate
between loci which are part of the same functional unit. In a
relatively coarse analysis, such as the study of the three mutants
in the arginine pathway, we are not able to say with certainty
whether the blocked step in mutant 2, for example, is immediately
prior to citrulline or whether one of a number of intermediate steps
between omithine and citrulline is blocked instead. At the other
extreme, an exhaustive genetic analysis might permit the detection of
two genetic loci separated by so small a distance along the genetic
strand that they would be part of the same functional unit. Mutation
of either of these might alter or abolish the biological activity of the
same protein molecule. This situation has, indeed, been observed
for a number of microorganisms and bacteriophages, and much
of what follows in this book will deal with this theme.
One excellent example of a direct relationship between a single
protein and a single gene is the case of the two types of tyrosinase
in Neurospora. Horowitz7 and his colleagues have shown that the
mutation of a single genetic locus causes the formation of a heat-
GENES AS DETERMINANTS OF HEREDITY 37
labile tyrosinase which is indistinguishable from the usual, heat-
stable enzyme in all other physical and kinetic properties. The two
forms of the enzyme may be isolated in quite pure form, and there
can be no doubt that the genetic modification affects a single protein
molecule. The difference between the two forms of the enzyme is
inherited in a strictly Mendelian way; that is, a given pure strain of
Neurosporu produces only one form of the enzyme, and the progeny
of a cross between the two strains are identical with one or the
other parent strain in equal proportion.
The possibilities suggested by this and other similar gene-protein
relationships are among the most intriguing in the whole of biology.
Clearly, if slight modifications in protein structure can ultimately
be equated with equally slight changes in the molecular structure of
genetic material, there will be opened to us a whole new area of
research and speculation on the most basic aspects of the evolutionary
process.
REFERENCES
1. J. Krafka, J. Gen. Physiol., 2, 409 ( 1920).
2. T. Dobzhansky, Evolution, Genetics, and Man, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1955.
3. H. J. Muller and H. A. Prokofyeva, Compt. rend. acad. sci., U.R.S.S., 4, 74
(1934).
4. M. M. Green and K. C. Green, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 35, 588 ( 1949).
5. W. J. C. Lawrence, in Blochemkal Sac. Symposia, Cambridge, Engl., No. 4
(1950).
6. D. R. Stadler, Genetics, 41, No. 4, 528 ( 1958).
7. N. H. Horowitz and M. Fling, in Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and
Function, (0. G. Gaebler, editor), Academic Press, New York, p. 139, 1956.
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
Catcheside, D. G., The Genetics of Micro-Organizms, 1951, Pitman Publishing
Corporation, New York.
The Chemical Basis of Heredity (W. D. McElroy and B. Glass, editors), Johns
Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1957.
Pontecorvo, G., in Advances in Enzymology, volume 13, Interscience Publish-
ers, New York, p. 121, 1952.
Wagner, Ft. P., and H. K. Mitchell, Genetics and MetaboZism, 1955, John Wiley
& Sons, New York.
38 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF EVOLUTION
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| eu |
converted_docs | 333188 | # HE.5.1.02
# Detection of Galactic Dark Matter by GLAST
**Alexander Moiseev**^1,2^**, Jonathan Ormes**^1^**, Heather
Arrighi**^1^**, Elliott Bloom**^3^**, Chris Chaput**^3^**, Seth
Digel**^1^**, Daniel Engovatov**^3^**, Jay Norris**^1^**, and Jeff
Silvis**^1^
^1^NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
^2^University Space Research Association, Seabrook, MD 20706, USA
^3^Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
## Abstract
The mysterious dark matter has been a subject of special interest to
high energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists for many years.
According to theoretical models, it can make up a significant fraction
of the mass of the Universe. One possible form of galactic dark matter,
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), could be detected by their
annihilation into monoenergetic gamma-ray line(s). This paper will
demonstrate that the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST),
scheduled for launch in 2005 by NASA, will be capable of searching for
these gamma-ray lines in the energy range from 20 GeV to \~500 GeV and
will be sufficiently sensitive to test a number of models. The required
instrument performance and its capability to reject backgrounds to the
required levels are explicitly discussed.
1. **Introduction**
On many scales, from galaxies to the largest structures in the Universe,
there is a discrepancy between observed (luminous) matter in the
Universe and that inferred from dynamical considerations. This is seen
on the scale of our own galaxy. Galactic dark matter was suggested to
solve this discrepancy (Trimble, 1987; Sikivie, 1995); one possible form
could be the proposed, but undiscovered, SUSY particles known as WIMPs
(Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). WIMPs can be detected through
stable products of their annihilations: energetic neutrinos,
antiprotons, positrons, gamma-quanta etc. (Jungman, Kamionkowski &
Griest, 1996; and references therein). It is very important to search
for a signature of WIMPS which could not be misinterpreted. In
principle, WIMPs cannot annihilate directly to photons, but there should
be a small cross section into photons through intermediate one-loop
processes. In this case there should be high energy (10-1000 GeV)
monochromatic gamma-lines; the lines should be very narrow because of
the low velocity of WIMPs in the galaxy. Estimations of the possible
intensity of these lines depend upon a number of assumptions. The
highest gamma-line intensities are predicted assuming WIMPs have
condensed into the Galactic Center or into clumps in the galactic plane.
For example, Bergstrom, Ulio and Buckley (1998) show that some models
might produce a flux as large as \~2×10^-11^ cm^-2^s^-1^ at 100 GeV from
the 10^-5^ sr cone around the Galactic Center.
2. **Conditions of the experiment**
The requirements for an experiment to search for possible lines are that
the lines should be seen above a background which is a continuum of
galactic gamma rays. Optimally there should be negligible residual
contamination from cosmic rays misidentified in the detector. Thus,
energy resolution and geometry factor/sensitive area of the detector,
background rejection, and the observation time are the critical factors
to be optimized.
GLAST is a mission scheduled for launch in 2005 to continue the detailed
exploration of the Universe in \>100 MeV gamma-rays began by EGRET
(Atwood et al., 1994). GLAST is sensitive to gamma radiation in the
range of 30 --300 GeV (fig.1). The energy of the detected photon is
measured by a CsI calorimeter, which is situated below the tracker, and
has a size of 170 cm × 170 cm × 20 cm. The effective calorimeter
thickness for the normally incident particles is \~10 radiation lengths
which provides \~10% energy resolution at 300 GeV. Much better energy
resolution can be achieved for the off-angle events with longer paths in
the calorimeter (shown in fig.1).
**2.1. Background rejection**. The first task of GLAST is to remove the
abundant background of cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei whose
differential flux is 5 orders of magnitude higher than that of high
latitude diffuse gamma radiation at 30 GeV. We also must consider cosmic
ray electrons, which are 1000 times more abundant. In order to carry out
a sensitive search for gamma ray lines one should be able to reject
protons (electrons) with power better than 3×10^6^ and 3×10^4^
respectively. The main strategy for proton rejection is the following: a
track image in the tracker and lateral and longitudinal profile of the
shower in the calorimeter provide at least 10^3^ of the rejection
(Norris et al., 1997; Ormes et al., 1997), and an anticoincidence
detector (ACD) provides remaining 3×10^3^ (Moiseev et al. 1999). The
cosmic ray electrons are the more serious enemies. Their showers are
identical to those of photons in the calorimeter since both are
electromagnetic. Thus, the ACD is the main defense against electrons and
should have rejection power to minimum ionizing charged particles of
\~3000. An additional factor of 10 comes from the use of the tracker to
reach the 3×10^4^ requirement. We have measured the rejection power
(efficiency) of the scintillator paddles we plan to use for GLAST and
find there are sufficient photo-electrons to obtain \> 3×10^3^ rejection
for a threshold setting \< 0.3 × mip.
To find the ACD tile which was crossed by a detected off-angle particle,
which has a longer path in a calorimeter, we follow a two step process.
First we use the imaging capability of the calorimeter and reconstruct a
trajectory with a precision of 2-3 degrees (Norris et al., 1997). Then
we project that cone back into the tracker and look for the absence of a
track (for photons) in the past two layers before the ACD and the
absence of a hit in the ACD tile for electrons; the two tracker hits
(for electron) provide precise pointing to an ACD tile.
**2.2. Backsplash.** Use of an ACD creates the problem of backsplash.
High energy electromagnetic cascades produce soft radiation, mainly
minimum attenuation photons, that escape from the calorimeter. These
photons can produce a Compton electron in an ACD and create a self-veto,
making the instrument insensitive to gamma-radiation above 50-100 GeV.
For EGRET, built with a monolithic ACD dome, this effect reduced the
efficiency by a factor of 2 at 30 GeV (Thompson et al.,1993). To
minimize the effect of backsplash, GLAST has a segmented ACD, and only
the tile crossed by the projected event trajectory is used for vetoing
an event. The required ACD segmentation was studied in detail both using
Monte Carlo simulations and in SLAC beam test (Atwood et al., 1999;
Moiseev et al., 1999). On the top of GLAST, the ACD segmentation of
\~1000 cm^2^ is sufficient to maintain \>90% efficiency to the highest
energies. We wish to use events that enter GLAST at \>60^0^ incidence
angle to obtain a sample with few percent energy resolution. These
events enter through the sides of GLAST. For them the calorimeter, and
consequently the source of backsplash, are closer to the ACD. The closer
the ACD tiles to the "source" of backsplash, the smaller the tiles must
be. From our SLAC beam test and Monte Carlo study we have shown that the
backsplash into a given solid angle is almost uniform within a 60^0^
cone in the backward direction (Atwood et al., 1999). The required
segmentation can be given by A~90%~ = (R/60)^2^ ×1000 cm^2^ where
R\[cm\] is the distance from the ACD tile to the calorimeter. We find
that on the side of GLAST a tile size of \~200 cm^2^ limits backsplash
caused self-veto to be less than 10% at 300 GeV.
3. **Capability of GLAST to detect gamma lines**
Energy resolution for 50-500 GeV photons should reach several percent
for path lengths of \>20 X~0~. The effective area for the GLAST
calorimeter for such trajectories is estimated to be 2 ×10^4^ cm^2^ .
The geometry factor of GLAST for isotropic flux through the top and
sides of the tracker is shown in fig.2 where the Earth obscuration is
accounted for by a factor of 0.74 (assuming zenith pointing) applied to
the events entering through the tracker sides. To take into account the
requirement that the trajectory passes through at least two tracker
trays, the geometry factor given in fig.2 is calculated for events which
cross ACD at least 6 cm above the top of
calorimeter.{width="3.075in" height="3.075in"}
The capability of GLAST's calorimeter to detect photons with high energy
resolution was simulated with the event generator Glastsim. A set of
event cuts was developed to select events with shower containment in the
calorimeter that provides the best energy resolution. The initial
selections were optimized to achieve the best energy resolution while
maximizing the fraction of retained photons. The geometry factor
strongly increases when we accept events with shorter path lengths, so
the minimization of the required pathlength was important. The results
of simulations can be summarized as follows: **2-3% energy resolution**
is achievable while retaining **\~50% of the photons** and requiring the
pathlength to be **more than 20X~0~**. The gain variation from CsI
crystal to crystal was assumed to be within 1%, a challenging problem
for a long duration space experiment.
**4. Summary**
Here we present the sensitivity of GLAST based on two possible models
for the distribution of WIMPs in the galaxy. One model is a "dark matter
point source" in the Galactic Center assuming the WIMPs have fallen into
a small region within 10^-5^ sr (Bergstrom, Ullio and Buckley, 1998).
The second model assumes a broad distribution falling off like high
latitude diffuse radiation.
$I_{\gamma\ } = \ \frac{n_{\sigma}}{0\text{.}\text{68}}\sqrt{\frac{\ 2\ F_{b}\eta\ E_{\gamma}}{G\ T}}$
For high latitude model the sensitivity I~γ~ of GLAST for a gamma-line
of energy E~γ~ approximately is given by
$I_{\gamma}\ = \ \frac{n_{\sigma}}{0\text{.}\text{68}\ \sqrt{S\ f_{t}T}}\ \sqrt{\ 2{\eta E}_{\gamma}\left( F_{\text{GC}} + \ F_{b}\Delta\Omega \right)}$and
for Galactic Center model
where n~σ~ is the significance (in σ), F~b~ is the background flux,
F~GC~ is the differential gamma-radiation from the Galactic Center, G is
the instrument geometrical factor, S is the sensitive area, η is the
relative energy resolution (half width containing 68% of events), T is
the observation time, 2ηE~γ~ is the binning width, ∆Ω=10^-3^ sr is the
point-spread function for the calorimeter, and f~t~ (0.25) is the
fraction of time during which the Galactic Center lies in a direction
that provides a path length in a calorimeter of more than 20 X~0~ .
Table 1
+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Energy of the line | High Latitude Model | Galactic Center Model |
| | | |
| I~γ~ | Source \[cm^2^ s | Source \[cm^2^ |
| | sr\]^-1^ | s\]^-1^ |
+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| 50 GeV | 1.8×10^-10^ | 1.2 ×10^-10^ |
+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| 100 GeV | 1.2×10^-10^ | 8 ×10^-11^ |
+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
| 500 GeV | 5 ×10^-11^ | 3 ×10^-11^ |
+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------+
Table 1 contains our estimates of the sensitivity to WIMP lines in GLAST
for the case of the high latitude model, and the Galactic Center. To set
the scale of sensitivity, we have arbitrary calculated I~γ~ for a 3σ
signal. The GLAST observational parameters used were η=0.02, G=0.5 m^2^
sr (efficiency of the event selection is taken into account), S=6000
cm^2^ (effective area of the calorimeter to provide path length more
than 20 X~0~ ), and T = 3 years. More exact treatment raises the
estimated sensitivity by a factor of 1.1-1.6. We used the high latitude
gamma-radiation flux given in Sreekumar et al., 1998 and Galactic Center
radiation from Hunter et al., 1997; Mayer-Hasselwander et al., 1998. The
upper energy limit for this gamma ray line search is limited by the
dynamic range of the calorimeter readout electronics; also at higher
energies the low photon flux is the limiting factor. We note that our
sensitivity is a few times higher than the optimistic estimates for the
predicted flux (Bergstrom, Ullio & Buckley, 1998) but both the number of
assumptions in the expected flux calculations and inestimable importance
of a positive result motivated this work.
[Acknowledgements]{.underline}. The authors are grateful to David
Bertsch, Robert Hartman and David Thompson for their valuable comments.
# References
Atwood, W.B., et al. 1994, NIM A342, 302
Atwood, W., et al. 1999, submitted to NIM
Bergstrom, L., Ullio, P., & Buckley, J.H. 1998, Astroparticle Physics 9,
137
Hunter, S.D., et al. 1997, ApJ 481, 205
Jungman, G., Kamionkowski, M., & Griest, K. 1996, Physics Reports 267,
195
Mayer-Hasselwander., H.A., et al. 1998, A&A 335, 161
Moiseev, A., et al. 1999, these Proceedings
Norris, J.P., et al. 1997, In Proceedings of XXV ICRC 5, 77
Ormes, J.F., et al. 1997, In Proceedings of XXV ICRC 5, 73
Sikivie, P. 1995, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 43, 90
Sreekumar, P., et al. 1998, ApJ 494, 523
Thompson, D.J., et al. 1993, ApJ 86, 629
Trimble, V. 1987, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25, 525
| en |
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110121335:st=for,135
110121335:!110121340
110121340:preob
110121340/onsource/TRACKING
110121342/tpical/28841,32495,40588,36961,43050,$$$$$,33419,21979,41163
110121342/tpical/25045,30017,42377,0,48722,43233,15223
110121343:!110121350
110121350:tape
110121350/tape/off,03607,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110121350:"data start"
110121350:midob
110121350/onsource/TRACKING
110121350/ifd/10,1,nor,nor,rem,35599,12183
110121350/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28301
110121350/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28407
110121350/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,33306
110121351/tpi/25263,28301,35875,32539,35549,$$$$$,28407,18621,35637
110121351/tpi/20109,23923,33624,0,38994,34929,12308
110121351/tsys1/59.1,59.6,67.5,66.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,49.7,48.6,57.9
110121351/tsys2/93.9,92.1,88.8,$$$$$$$$,93.5,97.5,97.7
110121351:!110121520
110121520:"data stop"
110121520:et
110121520:!+3s
110121523:tape
110121523/tape/off,04633,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110121523:postob
110121523:source=0454-234,045457.3,-232928.3,1950.0,neutral
110121523:sx2c1=1
110121528/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-328.2,-329.8,1.8,0.2
110121529/decode/a,crc,pass
110121529:!110121935
110121935:tape
110121935/tape/off,04633,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110121935:st=for,135
110121935:!110121940
110121940:preob
110121940/onsource/TRACKING
110121942/tpical/19938,21415,27226,24135,28589,$$$$$,23332,15177,25932
110121943/tpical/8296,9408,13880,0,15107,13920,4896
110121943:!110121950
110121950:tape
110121950/tape/off,04777,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110121950:"data start"
110121950:midob
110121950/onsource/TRACKING
110121950/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22518,3992
110121950/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18850
110121950/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20110
110121950/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11134
110121951/tpi/17684,18850,24195,21428,23867,$$$$$,20121,13028,22521
110121951/tpi/6728,7510,11147,0,12183,11323,4001
110121951/tsys1/63.6,64.3,70.2,70.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.3,52.5,59.2
110121951/tsys2/95.0,92.4,91.2,$$$$$$$$,95.4,98.3,100.2
110121951:!110122120
110122120:"data stop"
110122120:et
110122120:!+3s
110122123:tape
110122123/tape/off,05803,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110122123:postob
110122123:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,ccw
110122123:sx2c1=1
110122128/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.0,-329.0,1.0,1.0
110122129/decode/a,crc,pass
110122129:!110122815
110122815:tape
110122815/tape/off,05803,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110122815:st=for,135
110122815:!110122820
110122820:preob
110122820/onsource/TRACKING
110122822/tpical/19491,20945,26541,23727,28134,$$$$$,22170,14397,25309
110122822/tpical/8023,8961,13270,0,14928,13904,4671
110122823:!110122830
110122830:tape
110122830/tape/off,05946,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110122830:"data start"
110122830:midob
110122830/onsource/TRACKING
110122830/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21879,3701
110122830/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18349
110122830/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19036
110122830/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,10345
110122831/tpi/17272,18349,23495,20989,23378,$$$$$,19036,12271,21878
110122831/tpi/6352,6959,10392,0,11731,11036,3717
110122831/tsys1/62.9,61.8,67.8,68.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.5,49.8,57.2
110122831/tsys2/83.9,81.1,80.5,$$$$$$$$,84.0,86.6,87.0
110122831:!110123040
110123040:"data stop"
110123040:et
110123040:!+3s
110123043:tape
110123043/tape/off,07423,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110123043:postob
110123043:source=4c39.25,092355.3,391523.8,1950.0,neutral
110123043:sx2c1=1
110123048/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-328.2,-329.0,1.8,1.0
110123049/decode/a,crc,pass
110123049:!110123535
110123535:tape
110123535/tape/off,07423,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110123535:st=for,135
110123535:!110123540
110123540:preob
110123540/onsource/TRACKING
110123542/tpical/19248,20770,27017,23949,28521,$$$$$,22393,14569,26969
110123542/tpical/8200,9252,13622,0,15118,14053,4847
110123542:!110123550
110123550:tape
110123550/tape/off,07566,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110123550:"data start"
110123550:midob
110123550/onsource/TRACKING
110123550/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,23553,3988
110123550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18151
110123550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19231
110123550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11010
110123551/tpi/16977,18151,23976,21165,23785,$$$$$,19231,12432,23545
110123551/tpi/6719,7437,11014,0,12268,11500,3986
110123551/tsys1/60.3,60.6,69.4,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.6,50.2,61.7
110123551/tsys2/100.4,95.6,94.4,$$$$$$$$,98.6,101.6,103.8
110123551:!110123720
110123720:"data stop"
110123720:et
110123720:!+3s
110123723:tape
110123723/tape/off,08592,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110123723:postob
110123723:source=0458-020,045841.3,-020333.9,1950.0,neutral
110123723:midtp
110123723&midtp/ifd=max,max,*,*
110123723&midtp/"if3=max,*,*,*,*,*
110123723&midtp/!+2s
110123723&midtp/"tpzero=v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,v7,v8,if1,if3
110123723&midtp/tpzero=v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,v7,v8,if1
110123723&midtp/tpzero=v9,v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,if2
110123723&midtp/ifd=old,old,*,*
110123723&midtp/"if3=old,*,*,*,*,*
110123723&midtp/"rxmon
110123723&midtp/clocks
110123726/tpzero/1756,521,541,105,0,$$$$$,750,504,63
110123726/tpzero/375,53,543,0,307,471,176
110123729/hpib/T +5E-07
110123732/hpib/T +7E-07
110123735/hpib/T +3.9E-06
110123735:sx2c2=2
110123735&sx2c2/vcsx2
110123735&sx2c2/form=c,4.000,,off
110123735&sx2c2/form=reset
110123735&sx2c2/ifdsx
110123735&sx2c2/tapeformc
110123735&sx2c2/pass=$,same
110123735&sx2c2/enable=g2,g4
110123735&sx2c2/tape=low
110123735&sx2c2/repro=byp,6,18,2
110123735&sx2c2/decode=a,crc
110123735&sx2c2/decode
110123745/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110123746/decode/a,crc,pass
110123746:fastf=0m14s
110123746&fastf/ff
110123746&fastf/!+$
110123746&fastf/et
110123800:!+5s
110123805:!110124135
110124135:tape
110124135/tape/off,08893,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110124135:st=rev,135
110124135:!110124140
110124140:preob
110124140/onsource/TRACKING
110124142/tpical/18998,20464,26666,23532,28440,$$$$$,22411,14402,27098
110124142/tpical/8557,9602,14111,0,15497,14405,5036
110124142:!110124150
110124150:tape
110124150/tape/off,08750,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110124150:"data start"
110124150:midob
110124150/onsource/TRACKING
110124150/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,23697,4023
110124150/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,17876
110124150/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19238
110124150/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11031
110124151/tpi/16750,17876,23696,20829,23706,$$$$$,19238,12299,23700
110124151/tpi/6802,7493,11095,0,12260,11520,4047
110124151/tsys1/60.0,60.4,70.2,69.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.4,50.5,62.6
110124151/tsys2/86.1,82.9,82.2,$$$$$$$$,86.8,90.0,92.0
110124151:!110124320
110124320:"data stop"
110124320:et
110124320:!+3s
110124323:tape
110124323/tape/off,07723,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110124323:postob
110124323:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110124323:check2c2
110124323&check2c2/check=*,-tp,-hd
110124323&check2c2/enable=
110124323&check2c2/decode=a,crc,byte
110124323&check2c2/"parity=,,ab,on,g2,g4
110124323&check2c2/parity=,,b,on,g2
110124323&check2c2/fastf=15s
110124323&check2c2/!+6s
110124323&check2c2/!*
110124323&check2c2/st=rev,120,off
110124323&check2c2/!+4s
110124323&check2c2/repro=raw,2,4
110124323&check2c2/parity
110124323&check2c2/repro=byp,0,0
110124323&check2c2/!*+29.20s
110124323&check2c2/et
110124323&check2c2/!+3s
110124323&check2c2/check=*,tp,hd
110124402/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110124402/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110124417:sx2c2=2
110124422/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.9,-330.6,0.1,-0.6
110124423/decode/a,crc,pass
110124423:!110124855
110124855:tape
110124855/tape/off,07727,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110124855:st=rev,135
110124855:!110124900
110124900:preob
110124900/onsource/TRACKING
110124902/tpical/19584,21147,26847,23664,27805,$$$$$,22405,14327,25278
110124903/tpical/7637,8668,12808,0,14160,13175,4503
110124903:!110124910
110124910:tape
110124910/tape/off,07583,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110124910:"data start"
110124910:midob
110124910/onsource/TRACKING
110124910/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21872,3565
110124910/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18533
110124910/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19179
110124910/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,9993
110124911/tpi/17341,18533,23822,20967,23101,$$$$$,19170,12223,21874
110124911/tpi/6031,6741,10055,0,11153,10443,3591
110124911/tsys1/62.5,62.0,69.3,69.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.2,50.1,57.7
110124911/tsys2/82.8,81.6,81.2,$$$$$$$$,84.8,85.8,88.0
110124911:!110125120
110125120:"data stop"
110125120:et
110125120:!+3s
110125123:tape
110125123/tape/off,06107,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110125123:postob
110125123:source=1803+784,180339.3,782754.4,1950.0,ccw
110125123:sx2c2=2
110125128/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110125129/decode/a,crc,pass
110125129:!110125305
110125305:tape
110125305/tape/off,06107,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110125305:st=rev,135
110125305:!110125310
110125310:preob
110125310/onsource/TRACKING
110125312/tpical/19668,21153,26855,24042,28636,$$$$$,22623,14445,25714
110125313/tpical/7886,8907,13194,0,14964,14010,4643
110125313:!110125320
110125320:tape
110125320/tape/off,05963,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110125320:"data start"
110125320:midob
110125320/onsource/TRACKING
110125320/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22257,3707
110125320/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18624
110125320/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19500
110125320/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,10383
110125321/tpi/17471,18624,23890,21329,23844,$$$$$,19482,12354,22260
110125321/tpi/6211,6913,10351,0,11763,11116,3689
110125321/tsys1/64.4,64.4,70.9,70.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.7,51.0,57.8
110125321/tsys2/81.9,80.8,81.1,$$$$$$$$,84.1,86.4,86.5
110125321:!110125450
110125450:"data stop"
110125450:et
110125450:!+3s
110125453:tape
110125453/tape/off,04937,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110125453:postob
110125453:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
110125453:sx2c2=2
110125458/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110125459/decode/a,crc,pass
110125459:!110130045
110130045:tape
110130045/tape/off,04937,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110130045:st=rev,135
110130045:!110130050
110130050:preob
110130050/onsource/TRACKING
110130052/tpical/21309,22947,29338,26270,32152,$$$$$,25355,16260,28510
110130052/tpical/7981,9159,13658,0,15180,14137,4699
110130052:!110130100
110130100:tape
110130100/tape/off,04793,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110130100:"data start"
110130100:midob
110130100/onsource/TRACKING
110130100/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,25069,3891
110130100/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20425
110130100/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22208
110130100/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11201
110130101/tpi/19092,20425,26386,23587,27348,$$$$$,22171,14150,25084
110130101/tpi/6434,7295,10992,0,12246,11472,3824
110130101/tsys1/70.4,71.0,78.8,78.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,60.5,58.2,65.7
110130101/tsys2/92.0,91.3,92.1,$$$$$$$$,95.6,97.0,98.0
110130101:!110130230
110130230:"data stop"
110130230:et
110130230:!+3s
110130233:tape
110130233/tape/off,03767,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110130233:postob
110130233:source=0454-234,045457.3,-232928.3,1950.0,neutral
110130233:sx2c2=2
110130238/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110130239/decode/a,crc,pass
110130239:!110131405
110131405:tape
110131405/tape/off,03767,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110131405:st=rev,135
110131405:!110131410
110131410:preob
110131410/onsource/TRACKING
110131412/tpical/19070,20371,26542,23434,28441,$$$$$,22566,14505,27008
110131413/tpical/8230,9220,13664,0,14821,13859,4838
110131413:!110131420
110131420:tape
110131420/tape/off,03623,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110131420:"data start"
110131420:midob
110131420/onsource/TRACKING
110131420/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,23646,3902
110131420/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,17840
110131420/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19422
110131420/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,10810
110131421/tpi/16846,17840,23608,20788,23847,$$$$$,19358,12419,23639
110131421/tpi/6516,7193,10742,0,11706,11075,3882
110131421/tsys1/61.1,61.6,70.8,70.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,51.4,63.0
110131421/tsys2/84.2,82.8,82.0,$$$$$$$$,86.0,89.5,91.1
110131421:!110131550
110131550:"data stop"
110131550:et
110131550:!+3s
110131553:tape
110131553/tape/off,02597,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110131553:postob
110131553:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
110131553:sx2c2=2
110131558/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110131559/decode/a,crc,pass
110131559:!110131855
110131855:tape
110131855/tape/off,02597,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110131855:st=rev,135
110131855:!110131900
110131900:preob
110131900/onsource/TRACKING
110131902/tpical/19389,20866,26613,23387,27958,$$$$$,22370,14408,25417
110131902/tpical/8422,9506,13998,0,15150,14166,4954
110131903:!110131910
110131910:tape
110131910/tape/off,02453,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110131910:"data start"
110131910:midob
110131910/onsource/TRACKING
110131910/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22079,4127
110131910/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18302
110131910/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19298
110131910/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11462
110131911/tpi/17188,18302,23690,20751,23399,$$$$$,19281,12366,22071
110131911/tpi/7036,7826,11583,0,12496,11780,4162
110131911/tsys1/63.1,62.4,71.3,70.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.0,52.3,59.2
110131911/tsys2/112.9,108.7,107.4,$$$$$$$$,107.9,111.4,118.3
110131911:!110132040
110132040:"data stop"
110132040:et
110132040:!+3s
110132043:tape
110132043/tape/off,01427,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132043:postob
110132043:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110132043:sx2c2=2
110132048/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.7,-330.6,-0.7,-0.6
110132049/decode/a,crc,pass
110132049:!110132225
110132225:tape
110132225/tape/off,01427,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132225:st=rev,135
110132225:!110132230
110132230:preob
110132230/onsource/TRACKING
110132232/tpical/19343,20769,26513,23212,27631,$$$$$,22267,14303,25100
110132232/tpical/8560,9689,14246,0,15426,14315,5028
110132232:!110132240
110132240:tape
110132240/tape/off,01283,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110132240:"data start"
110132240:midob
110132240/onsource/TRACKING
110132240/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21821,4132
110132240/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18314
110132240/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19274
110132240/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11526
110132241/tpi/17224,18314,23598,20630,23148,$$$$$,19274,12336,21822
110132241/tpi/7011,7830,11565,0,12535,11738,4147
110132241/tsys1/65.7,65.2,71.2,71.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.7,54.1,59.7
110132241/tsys2/100.7,98.3,96.6,$$$$$$$$,99.4,102.7,105.9
110132241:!110132410
110132410:"data stop"
110132410:et
110132410:!+3s
110132413:tape
110132413/tape/off,00257,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132413:postob
110132413:source=4c39.25,092355.3,391523.8,1950.0,neutral
110132413:midtp
110132416/tpzero/1756,518,543,104,0,$$$$$,749,503,63
110132416/tpzero/376,52,540,0,305,472,176
110132419/hpib/T +8E-07
110132422/hpib/T +4.8E-06
110132425/hpib/T +1E-07
110132425:sx2c1=3
110132435/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110132436/decode/a,crc,pass
110132436:fastr=0m7s
110132444:!+5s
110132449:!110132555
110132555:tape
110132555/tape/off,00114,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132555:st=for,135
110132555:!110132600
110132600:preob
110132600/onsource/TRACKING
110132602/tpical/18611,19990,25996,22806,27255,$$$$$,21781,14036,25491
110132603/tpical/8390,9415,13862,0,14966,14070,4900
110132603:!110132610
110132610:tape
110132610/tape/off,00258,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110132610:"data start"
110132610:midob
110132610/onsource/TRACKING
110132610/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22223,4033
110132610/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,17508
110132610/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18780
110132610/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11124
110132611/tpi/16475,17508,23075,20251,22876,$$$$$,18780,12044,22196
110132611/tpi/6758,7485,11079,0,12082,11445,4021
110132611/tsys1/62.0,61.6,69.4,71.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,52.1,60.5
110132611/tsys2/91.9,90.5,89.0,$$$$$$$$,96.0,98.2,102.8
110132611:!110132740
110132740:"data stop"
110132740:et
110132740:!+3s
110132743:tape
110132743/tape/off,01285,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132743:postob
110132743:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110132743:check2c1
110132822/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,16.,0.
110132822/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110132837:sx2c1=3
110132842/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110132843/decode/a,crc,pass
110132843:!110132925
110132925:tape
110132925/tape/off,01279,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110132925:st=for,135
110132925:!110132930
110132930:preob
110132930/onsource/TRACKING
110132932/tpical/19209,20650,26281,22982,27242,$$$$$,22332,14270,24691
110132932/tpical/9272,10446,15257,0,16205,15103,5408
110132932:!110132940
110132940:tape
110132940/tape/off,01422,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110132940:"data start"
110132940:midob
110132940/onsource/TRACKING
110132940/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21427,4476
110132940/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18163
110132940/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19243
110132940/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,12412
110132941/tpi/17035,18163,23361,20415,22696,$$$$$,19253,12225,21429
110132941/tpi/7661,8525,12489,0,13254,12467,4503
110132941/tsys1/63.3,63.9,70.3,71.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,51.6,58.9
110132941/tsys2/106.3,103.7,101.4,$$$$$$$$,103.1,106.9,112.4
110132941:!110133110
110133110:"data stop"
110133110:et
110133110:!+3s
110133113:tape
110133113/tape/off,02449,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110133113:postob
110133113:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110133113:sx2c1=3
110133118/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110133119/decode/a,crc,pass
110133119:!110133215
110133215:tape
110133215/tape/off,02449,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110133215:st=for,135
110133215:!110133220
110133220:preob
110133220/onsource/TRACKING
110133222/tpical/19186,20632,26307,23005,27205,$$$$$,22269,14205,24695
110133223/tpical/8617,9723,14231,0,15342,14268,5056
110133223:!110133230
110133230:tape
110133230/tape/off,02593,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110133230:"data start"
110133230:midob
110133230/onsource/TRACKING
110133230/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21407,4158
110133230/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18120
110133230/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19158
110133230/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11464
110133231/tpi/16986,18120,23367,20372,22655,$$$$$,19175,12157,21407
110133231/tpi/6966,7755,11407,0,12306,11574,4131
110133231/tsys1/62.3,63.1,69.9,69.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.6,51.2,58.4
110133231/tsys2/93.8,92.0,90.4,$$$$$$$$,92.9,96.8,100.5
110133231:!110133400
110133400:"data stop"
110133400:et
110133400:!+3s
110133403:tape
110133403/tape/off,03619,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110133403:postob
110133403:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
110133403:sx2c1=3
110133408/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110133409/decode/a,crc,pass
110133409:!110134915
110134915:tape
110134915/tape/off,03619,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110134915:st=for,135
110134915:!110134920
110134920:preob
110134920/onsource/TRACKING
110134922/tpical/18852,20280,26076,22696,27509,$$$$$,22226,14160,24945
110134922/tpical/8113,9166,13421,0,14614,13585,4793
110134923:!110134930
110134930:tape
110134930/tape/off,03763,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110134930:"data start"
110134930:midob
110134930/onsource/TRACKING
110134930/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,21689,3916
110134930/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,17812
110134930/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19167
110134930/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,10814
110134931/tpi/16699,17812,23187,20163,22928,$$$$$,19127,12127,21678
110134931/tpi/6587,7338,10820,0,11712,11027,3917
110134931/tsys1/62.5,63.1,70.5,71.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.4,51.5,59.5
110134931/tsys2/95.6,93.7,92.9,$$$$$$$$,92.4,97.0,100.4
110134931:!110135100
110135100:"data stop"
110135100:et
110135100:!+3s
110135103:tape
110135103/tape/off,04789,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110135103:postob
110135103:source=0454-234,045457.3,-232928.3,1950.0,neutral
110135103:sx2c1=3
110135108/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110135109/decode/a,crc,pass
110135109:!110135245
110135245:tape
110135245/tape/off,04789,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110135245:st=for,135
110135245:!110135250
110135250:preob
110135250/onsource/TRACKING
110135252/tpical/19148,20595,26686,23295,27824,$$$$$,22667,14468,25945
110135253/tpical/8293,9406,13789,0,14955,13894,4877
110135253:!110135300
110135300:tape
110135300/tape/off,04933,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110135300:"data start"
110135300:midob
110135300/onsource/TRACKING
110135300/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22654,4018
110135300/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,18076
110135300/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19530
110135300/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,11186
110135301/tpi/16976,18076,23746,20706,23321,$$$$$,19567,12401,22676
110135301/tpi/6825,7641,11245,0,12174,11388,4035
110135301/tsys1/63.1,62.7,71.0,71.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.6,51.8,62.3
110135301/tsys2/103.2,101.0,98.9,$$$$$$$$,100.3,102.4,107.7
110135301:!110135450
110135450:"data stop"
110135450:et
110135450:!+3s
110135453:tape
110135453/tape/off,06184,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110135453:postob
110135453:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110135453:sx2c1=3
110135458/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110135459/decode/a,crc,pass
110135459:!110135945
110135945:tape
110135945/tape/off,06184,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110135945:st=for,135
110135945:!110135950
110135950:preob
110135950/onsource/TRACKING
110135952/tpical/18832,20299,26365,22847,27162,$$$$$,22200,14126,25509
110135953/tpical/8137,9194,13442,0,14602,13475,4782
110135953:!110140000
110140000:tape
110140000/tape/off,06328,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110140000:"data start"
110140000:midob
110140000/onsource/TRACKING
110140000/ifd/12,6,nor,nor,rem,22224,3896
110140000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,17803
110140000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19111
110140000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,10736
110140001/tpi/16665,17803,23418,20249,22658,$$$$$,19111,12081,22222
110140001/tpi/6590,7354,10792,0,11730,10942,3917
110140001/tsys1/61.9,62.3,69.9,69.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.5,51.0,60.7
110140001/tsys2/94.4,93.3,90.9,$$$$$$$$,93.5,97.1,101.6
110140001:!110140130
110140042;ifd=10,3
110140124;"wx/15,764,56
110140126;"sunny
110140130:"data stop"
110140130:et
110140130:!+3s
110140133:tape
110140133/tape/off,07354,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110140133:postob
110140133:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110140133:sx2c1=3
110140137&ifdsx/ifd=10,2,nor,nor
110140137&ifdsx/"ifd=30,40,nor,nor
110140137&ifdsx/"if3=20,out,1
110140137&ifdsx/"if3=alarm
110140137&ifdsx/"lo=8080.00,2020.00,8080.0
110140137&ifdsx/lo=8080.00,2020.00
110140137&ifdsx/"upconv=0,0,0
110140137&ifdsx/upconv=0,0
110140137&ifdsx/"patch=lo1,1l,2l,3l,4h
110140137&ifdsx/patch=lo1,1l,2l,3l,4h,5h,6h,7h,8h
110140137&ifdsx/patch=lo2,9l,10l,11l,12h,13h,14h
110140137&ifdsx/"patch=lo3,5h,6h,7h,8h
110140138/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-273.9,0.8,1.1
110140139/decode/a,crc,pass
110140139:!110140645
110140228;ifd
110140228/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35089,10091
110140241;ifd=12,2
110140253;ifd=10,2
110140645:tape
110140645/tape/off,07354,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110140645:st=for,135
110140645:!110140650
110140650:preob
110140650/onsource/TRACKING
110140652/tpical/28562,32180,40482,35960,41878,$$$$$,33232,21255,41388
110140653/tpical/25319,29772,41305,0,44381,38875,14752
110140653:!110140700
110140700:tape
110140700/tape/off,07498,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110140700:"data start"
110140700:midob
110140700/onsource/TRACKING
110140700/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36027,11868
110140700/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28129
110140700/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28415
110140700/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,32661
110140701/tpi/25125,28129,35943,31799,34758,$$$$$,28345,18096,36004
110140701/tpi/19960,23315,32335,0,35148,30965,11771
110140701/tsys1/61.2,61.3,70.2,68.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.8,50.1,60.1
110140701/tsys2/85.9,84.7,83.3,$$$$$$$$,88.7,90.6,91.4
110140701:!110140830
110140830:"data stop"
110140830:et
110140830:!+3s
110140833:tape
110140833/tape/off,08524,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110140833:postob
110140833:source=4c39.25,092355.3,391523.8,1950.0,neutral
110140833:midtp
110140836/tpzero/1755,518,538,100,0,$$$$$,790,523,61
110140836/tpzero/374,48,532,0,303,431,172
110140839/hpib/T +9E-07
110140842/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110140845/hpib/T +1E-07
110140845:sx2c2=4
110140855/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.9,-275.6,-0.9,-0.6
110140856/decode/a,crc,pass
110140856:fastf=0m17s
110140913:!+5s
110140918:!110141015
110141015:tape
110141015/tape/off,08893,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141015:st=rev,135
110141015:!110141020
110141020:preob
110141020/onsource/TRACKING
110141022/tpical/29094,32855,41019,36521,41880,$$$$$,33840,21647,39915
110141022/tpical/23718,27992,39006,0,42285,37614,13993
110141023:!110141030
110141030:tape
110141030/tape/off,08750,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110141030:"data start"
110141030:midob
110141030/onsource/TRACKING
110141030/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34645,11384
110141030/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28841
110141030/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29024
110141030/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31246
110141031/tpi/25667,28841,36357,32332,34797,$$$$$,29060,18520,34645
110141031/tpi/19203,22441,31229,0,33953,30498,11376
110141031/tsys1/62.8,63.5,69.1,69.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.2,51.8,59.1
110141031/tsys2/98.0,94.8,92.8,$$$$$$$$,94.9,99.3,100.6
110141031:!110141200
110141200:"data stop"
110141200:et
110141200:!+3s
110141203:tape
110141203/tape/off,07724,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141203:postob
110141203:source=ok290,095400.0,252933.8,1950.0,neutral
110141203:check2c2
110141242/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110141242/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110141257:sx2c2=4
110141302/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-276.7,-275.6,-1.7,-0.6
110141303/decode/a,crc,pass
110141303:!110141345
110141345:tape
110141345/tape/off,07731,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141345:st=rev,135
110141345:!110141350
110141350:preob
110141350/onsource/TRACKING
110141352/tpical/28480,31946,40349,35778,42025,$$$$$,33057,21195,41960
110141353/tpical/23718,27898,38786,0,41885,37044,13754
110141353:!110141400
110141400:tape
110141400/tape/off,07587,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110141400:"data start"
110141400:midob
110141400/onsource/TRACKING
110141400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36592,10989
110141400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27921
110141400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28251
110141400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30508
110141401/tpi/25044,27921,35787,31648,34898,$$$$$,28247,18041,36587
110141401/tpi/18780,21961,30495,0,33192,29584,10965
110141401/tsys1/61.0,61.3,69.5,68.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,61.2
110141401/tsys2/87.6,86.7,84.9,$$$$$$$$,88.9,91.8,90.9
110141401:!110141550
110141550:"data stop"
110141550:et
110141550:!+3s
110141553:tape
110141553/tape/off,06336,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141553:postob
110141553:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110141553:sx2c2=4
110141558/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-275.6,-0.0,-0.6
110141559/decode/a,crc,pass
110141559:!110141715
110141715:tape
110141715/tape/off,06336,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141715:st=rev,135
110141715:!110141720
110141720:preob
110141720/onsource/TRACKING
110141722/tpical/29590,33398,41155,36672,42422,$$$$$,33911,21701,39918
110141723/tpical/24002,28231,39447,0,42698,38302,14025
110141723:!110141730
110141730:tape
110141730/tape/off,06192,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110141730:"data start"
110141730:midob
110141730/onsource/TRACKING
110141730/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37096,10970
110141730/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28892
110141730/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28639
110141730/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30369
110141731/tpi/25711,28892,36796,32669,35484,$$$$$,28691,18389,36863
110141731/tpi/18490,21604,30532,0,33504,30043,11050
110141731/tsys1/55.6,56.7,74.9,73.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,48.1,48.5,108.4
110141731/tsys2/77.2,76.4,79.1,$$$$$$$$,84.9,84.3,85.9
110141731:!110141940
110141940:"data stop"
110141940:et
110141940:!+3s
110141943:tape
110141943/tape/off,04715,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110141943:postob
110141943:source=1044+719,104449.7,715927.3,1950.0,ccw
110141943:midtp
110141946/tpzero/1758,519,541,104,0,$$$$$,793,523,63
110141946/tpzero/375,49,534,0,303,430,172
110141949/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110141952/hpib/T +4.0E-06
110141955/hpib/T +2E-07
110141955:sx2c1=5
110142005/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-218.9,-0.2,1.1
110142006/decode/a,crc,pass
110142006:fastr=3m27s
110142333:!+5s
110142338:!110142825
110142825:tape
110142825/tape/low,00072,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110142825:st=for,135
110142825:!110142830
110142830:preob
110142830?ERROR an -103
110142830?ERROR qo -301
110142830/onsource/SLEWING
110142832/tpical/27773,31137,39320,35627,43056,$$$$$,32432,20795,42288
110142832/tpical/22268,26142,37243,0,42575,37953,13385
110142832:!110142840
110142840:tape
110142840/tape/off,00216,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110142840:"data start"
110142840:midob
110142840?ERROR an -103
110142840?ERROR qo -301
110142840/onsource/SLEWING
110142840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36632,10545
110142840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26938
110142840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27551
110142840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29035
110142841/tpi/24277,26938,34681,31357,35699,$$$$$,27527,17608,36749
110142841/tpi/17509,20329,29031,0,33119,29905,10564
110142841/tsys1/58.0,56.6,66.2,65.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,49.1,48.2,59.6
110142841/tsys2/84.6,82.0,81.5,$$$$$$$$,81.6,86.1,86.6
110142841:!110143850
110143019;track
110143019?ERROR an -103
110143019#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143019#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143019#antcn#OF 0.0832 0.0005 1998/110.17:30:18.70 0.1373 -0.0944
110143019#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143022;track
110143022?ERROR an -103
110143022#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143022#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143022#antcn#OF 0.0843 0.0002 1998/110.17:30:21.60 0.1373 -0.0944
110143022#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143047;track
110143047?ERROR an -103
110143047#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143047#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143047#antcn#OF 0.0924 0.0011 1998/110.17:30:46.90 0.1373 -0.0944
110143047#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143142;track
110143142?ERROR an -103
110143142#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143142#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143142#antcn#OF 0.1103 0.0007 1998/110.17:31:41.30 0.1373 -0.0944
110143142#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143221;track
110143221?ERROR an -103
110143221#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143221#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143221#antcn#OF 0.1235 0.0006 1998/110.17:32:20.60 0.1373 -0.0944
110143221#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143550;track
110143551?ERROR an -103
110143551#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143551#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7394 0.0000 0.0000 0.1373 -0.0944
110143551#antcn#OF 0.1980 0.0005 1998/110.17:35:50.10 0.1373 -0.0944
110143551#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143850:"data stop"
110143850:et
110143850:!+3s
110143853:tape
110143853/tape/off,07092,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110143853:postob
110143853:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110143853:check2c1
110143932/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110143932/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110143937;track
110143937?ERROR an -103
110143937#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110143937#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110143937#antcn#OF 299.1660 13.9949 1998/110.17:39:37.00 0.1127 -0.0710
110143937#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110143944;track
110143944?ERROR an -103
110143944#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110143944#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110143944#antcn#OF 292.6396 10.6715 1998/110.17:39:44.00 0.1127 -0.0710
110143944#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110143947:sx2c1=5
110143952/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-218.9,-0.2,1.1
110143953/decode/a,crc,pass
110143953:!110144035
110144019;track
110144019?ERROR an -103
110144019#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144019#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144019#antcn#OF 260.7015 0.0950 1998/110.17:40:18.80 0.1127 -0.0710
110144019#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110144035:tape
110144035/tape/off,07087,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110144035:st=for,135
110144035:!110144040
110144040:preob
110144040?ERROR an -103
110144040?ERROR qo -301
110144040/onsource/SLEWING
110144041;track
110144041?ERROR an -103
110144041#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144041#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144041#antcn#OF 240.4082 -0.0004 1998/110.17:40:40.90 0.1127 -0.0710
110144041#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110144042/tpical/31392,35432,43893,39995,47016,$$$$$,37187,23702,43507
110144042/tpical/24575,29122,41521,0,46113,40902,14553
110144043:!110144050
110144048;track
110144048?ERROR an -103
110144048#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144048#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144048#antcn#OF 234.2882 0.0009 1998/110.17:40:47.50 0.1127 -0.0710
110144048#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110144050:tape
110144050/tape/off,07231,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110144050:"data start"
110144050:midob
110144050?ERROR an -103
110144050?ERROR qo -301
110144050/onsource/SLEWING
110144050/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36605,11294
110144050/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30398
110144050/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31050
110144050/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31791
110144051/tpi/27162,30398,37982,34449,38125,$$$$$,30903,19682,36463
110144051/tpi/18810,22153,31630,0,35060,31415,11263
110144051/tsys1/54.1,53.4,57.0,55.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,43.1,42.9,46.5
110144051/tsys2/75.1,74.5,73.9,$$$$$$$$,73.9,76.8,79.2
110144051:!110144220
110144107;"we have cable wrap on north
110144109;track
110144109?ERROR an -103
110144109#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144109#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144109#antcn#OF 214.5370 0.0004 1998/110.17:41:09.00 0.1127 -0.0710
110144109#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110144120;track
110144120?ERROR an -103
110144120#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144120#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.1127 -0.0710
110144120#antcn#OF 204.8813 0.0008 1998/110.17:41:19.50 0.1127 -0.0710
110144120#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110144220:"data stop"
110144220:et
110144220:!+3s
110144223:tape
110144223/tape/off,08257,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110144223:postob
110144223:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
110144223:midtp
110144226/tpzero/1758,527,540,107,0,$$$$$,789,523,64
110144226/tpzero/374,49,532,0,303,430,173
110144229/hpib/T +8E-07
110144232/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110144235/hpib/T +1E-07
110144235:sx2c2=6
110144245/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-220.6,-0.2,-0.6
110144246/decode/a,crc,pass
110144246:fastf=0m29s
110144315:!+5s
110144320:!110144745
110144745:tape
110144745/tape/off,08896,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110144745:st=rev,135
110144745:!110144750
110144750:preob
110144750/onsource/TRACKING
110144752/tpical/28911,32693,40474,36368,41895,$$$$$,33357,21251,39102
110144752/tpical/22486,26372,37194,0,40092,35741,13259
110144752:!110144800
110144800:tape
110144800/tape/off,08753,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110144800:"data start"
110144800:midob
110144800/onsource/TRACKING
110144800/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33787,10526
110144800/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28595
110144800/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28532
110144800/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29080
110144801/tpi/25466,28595,35906,32227,34716,$$$$$,28520,18128,33801
110144801/tpi/17686,20612,29177,0,31521,28340,10550
110144801/tsys1/61.9,61.6,69.7,69.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,50.7,57.3
110144801/tsys2/84.8,83.9,84.0,$$$$$$$$,85.6,88.6,90.0
110144801:!110144930
110144930:"data stop"
110144930:et
110144930:!+3s
110144933:tape
110144933/tape/off,07726,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110144933:postob
110144933:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110144933:check2c2
110145012/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110145012/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110145027:sx2c2=6
110145032/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-220.6,-0.2,-0.6
110145033/decode/a,crc,pass
110145033:!110145115
110145115:tape
110145115/tape/off,07731,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110145115:st=rev,135
110145115:!110145120
110145120:preob
110145120/onsource/TRACKING
110145122/tpical/28367,31729,39947,35992,42307,$$$$$,32972,21093,40297
110145123/tpical/22588,26492,37358,0,39809,35813,13138
110145123:!110145130
110145130:tape
110145130/tape/off,07587,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110145130:"data start"
110145130:midob
110145130/onsource/TRACKING
110145130/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34529,10393
110145130/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27917
110145130/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28202
110145130/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29146
110145131/tpi/25061,27917,35449,31889,35160,$$$$$,28240,18013,34387
110145131/tpi/17780,20649,29146,0,31243,28337,10394
110145131/tsys1/63.4,64.7,69.8,69.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,51.1,52.3
110145131/tsys2/85.1,82.9,81.9,$$$$$$$$,84.9,87.7,87.5
110145131:!110145300
110145300:"data stop"
110145300:et
110145300:!+3s
110145303:tape
110145303/tape/off,06561,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110145303:postob
110145303:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110145303:sx2c2=6
110145308/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-220.6,0.6,-0.6
110145309/decode/a,crc,pass
110145309:!110145445
110145445:tape
110145445/tape/off,06561,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110145445:st=rev,135
110145445:!110145450
110145450:preob
110145450/onsource/TRACKING
110145452/tpical/29067,32929,41349,37125,42920,$$$$$,33867,21587,41493
110145453/tpical/22842,26741,37827,0,40908,36552,13355
110145453:!110145500
110145500:tape
110145500/tape/off,06417,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110145500:"data start"
110145500:midob
110145500/onsource/TRACKING
110145500/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36215,10803
110145500/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28837
110145500/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28973
110145500/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30171
110145501/tpi/25654,28837,36760,32937,35777,$$$$$,28960,18405,36320
110145501/tpi/18325,21258,30075,0,32614,29426,10763
110145501/tsys1/63.0,62.3,71.0,70.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.7,50.6,63.1
110145501/tsys2/93.4,90.9,89.6,$$$$$$$$,91.5,95.6,96.0
110145501:!110145630
110145630:"data stop"
110145630:et
110145630:!+3s
110145633:tape
110145633/tape/off,05391,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110145633:postob
110145633:source=0919-260,091916.7,-260554.5,1950.0,neutral
110145633:sx2c2=6
110145638/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-220.6,0.6,-0.6
110145639/decode/a,crc,pass
110145639:!110150345
110150345:tape
110150345/tape/off,05391,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110150345:st=rev,135
110150345:!110150350
110150350:preob
110150350/onsource/TRACKING
110150352/tpical/29967,33795,42341,38182,44428,$$$$$,35539,22606,42113
110150352/tpical/23438,27486,38862,0,42171,37914,13834
110150352:!110150400
110150400:tape
110150400/tape/off,05247,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110150400:"data start"
110150400:midob
110150400/onsource/TRACKING
110150400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36999,11121
110150400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29695
110150400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30655
110150400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30818
110150401/tpi/26496,29695,37788,34070,37402,$$$$$,30684,19466,37017
110150401/tpi/18671,21708,30871,0,33589,30400,11106
110150401/tsys1/64.1,64.0,73.6,74.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.4,54.3,65.3
110150401/tsys2/90.2,88.1,89.2,$$$$$$$$,91.1,93.7,94.2
110150401:!110150530
110150530:"data stop"
110150530:et
110150530:!+3s
110150533:tape
110150533/tape/off,04221,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110150533:postob
110150533:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110150533:sx2c2=6
110150538/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-220.6,0.6,-0.6
110150539/decode/a,crc,pass
110150539:!110151205
110151205:tape
110151205/tape/off,04221,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110151205:st=rev,135
110151205:!110151210
110151210:preob
110151210/onsource/TRACKING
110151212/tpical/28943,32764,40811,36719,42801,$$$$$,33774,21490,40331
110151212/tpical/22869,27032,37891,0,41107,36417,13371
110151213:!110151220
110151220:tape
110151220/tape/off,04077,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110151220:"data start"
110151220:midob
110151220/onsource/TRACKING
110151220/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34776,10753
110151220/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28803
110151220/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28913
110151220/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30063
110151221/tpi/25560,28803,36355,32550,35516,$$$$$,28957,18307,34828
110151221/tpi/18283,21416,30076,0,32636,29176,10760
110151221/tsys1/63.3,64.2,72.3,70.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.6,50.3,56.9
110151221/tsys2/91.8,89.4,88.8,$$$$$$$$,89.7,93.3,95.3
110151221:!110151350
110151350:"data stop"
110151350:et
110151350:!+3s
110151353:tape
110151353/tape/off,03051,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110151353:postob
110151353:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,neutral
110151353:sx2c2=6
110151358/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-220.6,0.6,-0.6
110151359/decode/a,crc,pass
110151359:!110152035
110152035:tape
110152035/tape/off,03051,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110152035:st=rev,135
110152035:!110152040
110152040:preob
110152040/onsource/TRACKING
110152042/tpical/28515,32089,40003,36454,42173,$$$$$,33489,21234,39611
110152043/tpical/23234,27418,38751,0,43165,38310,13835
110152043:!110152050
110152050:tape
110152050/tape/off,02907,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110152050:"data start"
110152050:midob
110152050/onsource/TRACKING
110152050/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35547,10737
110152050/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27819
110152050/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28391
110152050/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29934
110152051/tpi/24896,27819,35442,32089,35094,$$$$$,28325,17936,35934
110152051/tpi/18058,21117,29874,0,33192,29914,10693
110152051/tsys1/57.5,57.5,68.9,65.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,48.0,47.5,87.8
110152051/tsys2/80.3,78.6,77.7,$$$$$$$$,77.5,82.5,78.7
110152051:!110152220
110152220:"data stop"
110152220:et
110152220:!+3s
110152223:tape
110152223/tape/off,01881,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110152223:postob
110152223:source=0454-234,045457.3,-232928.3,1950.0,neutral
110152223:sx2c2=6
110152228/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-220.6,-0.2,-0.6
110152229/decode/a,crc,pass
110152229:!110152815
110152815:tape
110152815/tape/off,01881,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110152815:st=rev,135
110152815:!110152820
110152820:preob
110152820/onsource/TRACKING
110152822/tpical/30836,34786,43170,39398,45400,$$$$$,36926,23360,42555
110152822/tpical/23706,27931,39424,0,42379,37885,13916
110152822:!110152830
110152830:tape
110152830/tape/off,01737,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110152830:"data start"
110152830:midob
110152830/onsource/TRACKING
110152830/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37144,11178
110152830/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30759
110152830/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31947
110152830/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31304
110152831/tpi/27371,30759,38727,35163,38165,$$$$$,31951,20131,37138
110152831/tpi/18852,22049,31213,0,33613,30359,11149
110152831/tsys1/66.5,67.6,77.4,74.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.4,54.7,61.6
110152831/tsys2/89.5,87.9,87.8,$$$$$$$$,89.3,93.5,93.2
110152831:!110153000
110153000:"data stop"
110153000:et
110153000:!+3s
110153003:tape
110153003/tape/off,00710,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110153003:postob
110153003:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
110153003:midtp
110153006/tpzero/1756,525,535,107,0,$$$$$,789,525,62
110153006/tpzero/373,52,536,0,303,432,173
110153009/hpib/T +5E-07
110153012/hpib/T +7E-07
110153015/hpib/T +8E-07
110153015:sx2c1=7
110153024/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-165.5,-1.2,-0.5
110153025/decode/a,crc,pass
110153025:fastr=0m27s
110153053:!+5s
110153058:!110153455
110153455:tape
110153455/tape/off,00117,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110153455:st=for,135
110153455:!110153500
110153500:preob
110153500/onsource/TRACKING
110153502/tpical/29654,33448,41889,38055,43671,$$$$$,35335,22478,41801
110153503/tpical/24026,28133,39606,0,42438,37666,14016
110153503:!110153510
110153510:tape
110153510/tape/off,00261,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110153510:"data start"
110153510:midob
110153510/onsource/TRACKING
110153510/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36543,11112
110153510/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29429
110153510/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30426
110153510/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31037
110153511/tpi/26216,29429,37440,33889,36653,$$$$$,30407,19299,36566
110153511/tpi/18900,21973,31013,0,33261,29929,11115
110153511/tsys1/64.0,64.7,74.7,73.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,53.2,62.8
110153511/tsys2/84.9,83.6,83.3,$$$$$$$$,84.4,89.6,88.6
110153511:!110153640
110153640:"data stop"
110153640:et
110153640:!+3s
110153643:tape
110153643/tape/off,01287,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110153643:postob
110153643:source=0457+024,045715.5,022505.7,1950.0,neutral
110153643:check2c1
110153722/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,16.,0.
110153722/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110153737:sx2c1=7
110153742/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-164.7,-1.2,0.3
110153743/decode/a,crc,pass
110153743:!110153825
110153825:tape
110153825/tape/off,01282,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110153825:st=for,135
110153825:!110153830
110153830:preob
110153830/onsource/TRACKING
110153832/tpical/28630,32269,40513,36492,41600,$$$$$,33550,21371,40121
110153832/tpical/23177,27205,38185,0,40960,36303,13687
110153832:!110153840
110153840:tape
110153840/tape/off,01425,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110153840:"data start"
110153840:midob
110153840/onsource/TRACKING
110153840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34772,10933
110153840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28220
110153840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28657
110153840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30068
110153841/tpi/25161,28220,35892,32306,34443,$$$$$,28682,18174,34794
110153841/tpi/18346,21410,30072,0,32322,28872,10949
110153841/tsys1/60.7,61.6,68.9,69.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,49.7,58.7
110153841/tsys2/87.4,86.6,85.6,$$$$$$$$,87.1,89.9,92.5
110153841:!110154110
110154110:"data stop"
110154110:et
110154110:!+3s
110154113:tape
110154113/tape/off,03127,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110154113:postob
110154113:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110154113:sx2c1=7
110154118/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-165.5,-1.2,-0.5
110154119/decode/a,crc,pass
110154119:!110154255
110154255:tape
110154255/tape/off,03127,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110154255:st=for,135
110154255:!110154300
110154300:preob
110154300/onsource/TRACKING
110154302/tpical/28802,32465,40909,36986,41864,$$$$$,33741,21429,41152
110154303/tpical/23784,27427,38403,0,41017,36382,13643
110154303:!110154310
110154310:tape
110154310/tape/off,03270,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110154310:"data start"
110154310:midob
110154310/onsource/TRACKING
110154310/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35870,10803
110154310/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28516
110154310/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28922
110154310/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29986
110154311/tpi/25395,28516,36440,32814,34910,$$$$$,28901,18268,35853
110154311/tpi/18831,21463,30104,0,32272,28821,10842
110154311/tsys1/62.4,63.8,72.3,70.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.3,50.5,60.8
110154311/tsys2/87.6,84.4,83.7,$$$$$$$$,85.9,88.2,89.5
110154311:!110154440
110154440:"data stop"
110154440:et
110154440:!+3s
110154443:tape
110154443/tape/off,04297,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110154443:postob
110154443:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110154443:sx2c1=7
110154448/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-165.5,-1.2,-0.5
110154449/decode/a,crc,pass
110154449:!110154625
110154625:tape
110154625/tape/off,04297,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110154625:st=for,135
110154625:!110154630
110154630:preob
110154630/onsource/TRACKING
110154632/tpical/29376,33238,41855,37622,42573,$$$$$,34347,21829,42124
110154633/tpical/24219,28332,39763,0,42649,37724,14026
110154633:!110154640
110154640:tape
110154640/tape/off,04440,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110154640:"data start"
110154640:midob
110154640/onsource/TRACKING
110154640/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36929,11308
110154640/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29261
110154640/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29547
110154640/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31553
110154641/tpi/25973,29261,37311,33421,35665,$$$$$,29578,18675,36942
110154641/tpi/19373,22530,31589,0,33993,30239,11323
110154641/tsys1/64.0,65.0,72.8,71.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.3,51.8,64.1
110154641/tsys2/92.1,91.0,89.3,$$$$$$$$,91.5,93.6,96.9
110154641:!110154810
110154810:"data stop"
110154810:et
110154810:!+3s
110154813:tape
110154813/tape/off,05467,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110154813:postob
110154813:source=0919-260,091916.7,-260554.5,1950.0,neutral
110154813:sx2c1=7
110154818/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-165.5,-1.2,-0.5
110154819/decode/a,crc,pass
110154819:!110155345
110155345:tape
110155345/tape/off,05467,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110155345:st=for,135
110155345:!110155350
110155350:preob
110155350/onsource/TRACKING
110155352/tpical/29405,33098,41660,37856,43313,$$$$$,35068,22227,42172
110155352/tpical/26524,30949,43220,0,45356,40207,15372
110155353:!110155400
110155400:tape
110155400/tape/off,05610,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110155400:"data start"
110155400:midob
110155400/onsource/TRACKING
110155400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36941,12262
110155400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29169
110155400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30206
110155400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,34120
110155401/tpi/26016,29169,37260,33709,36285,$$$$$,30214,19037,36925
110155401/tpi/21036,24432,34199,0,35943,32137,12290
110155401/tsys1/64.4,65.6,75.1,72.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.6,52.2,63.2
110155401/tsys2/88.5,87.9,87.7,$$$$$$$$,89.0,92.3,92.4
110155401:!110155530
110155530:"data stop"
110155530:et
110155530:!+3s
110155533:tape
110155533/tape/off,06637,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110155533:postob
110155533:source=1219+044,121949.3,042953.8,1950.0,neutral
110155533:sx2c1=7
110155538/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-164.7,-1.2,0.3
110155539/decode/a,crc,pass
110155539:!110160225
110160225:tape
110160225/tape/off,06637,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110160225:st=for,135
110160225:!110160230
110160230:preob
110160230/onsource/TRACKING
110160232/tpical/28957,32668,41101,37295,42621,$$$$$,34279,21681,41614
110160232/tpical/24516,28664,40083,0,42959,38403,14256
110160233:!110160240
110160240:tape
110160240/tape/off,06780,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110160240:"data start"
110160240:midob
110160240/onsource/TRACKING
110160240/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36423,11417
110160240/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28554
110160240/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29314
110160240/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31676
110160241/tpi/25495,28554,36530,33054,35497,$$$$$,29300,18500,36427
110160241/tpi/19454,22635,31620,0,34015,30617,11390
110160241/tsys1/61.7,61.3,70.9,69.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.5,50.9,63.1
110160241/tsys2/88.6,88.0,86.3,$$$$$$$$,88.6,91.1,92.0
110160241:!110160530
110160530:"data stop"
110160530:et
110160530:!+3s
110160533:tape
110160533/tape/off,08707,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110160533:postob
110160533:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
110160533:midtp
110160535/tpzero/1756,521,538,108,0,$$$$$,788,523,61
110160536/tpzero/373,52,529,0,304,433,170
110160539/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110160542/hpib/T +3E-07
110160545/hpib/T +4E-07
110160545:sx2c2=8
110160555/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-164.6,-165.5,0.4,-0.5
110160556/decode/a,crc,pass
110160556:fastf=0m9s
110160605:!+5s
110160610:!110161205
110161048;track
110161048#antcn#PR 3.6567 -1.7854 0.0000 0.0000 0.0442 -0.0583
110161048#antcn#TR 3.6567 -1.7854 0.0000 0.0000 0.0442 -0.0583
110161048#antcn#OF 0.0002 0.0008 1998/110.19:10:47.30 0.0442 -0.0583
110161048#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110161055;"wx/15,764,56
110161058;"sunny
110161100;clocks
110161103/hpib/T +2E-07
110161106/hpib/T +3E-07
110161109/hpib/T +4E-07
110161205:tape
110161205/tape/off,08895,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110161205:st=rev,135
110161205:!110161210
110161210:preob
110161210/onsource/TRACKING
110161212/tpical/31092,35065,44225,40369,47516,$$$$$,37950,23972,45272
110161212/tpical/26906,31621,44383,0,47276,41959,15671
110161213:!110161220
110161220:tape
110161220/tape/off,08751,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110161220:"data start"
110161220:midob
110161220/onsource/TRACKING
110161220/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,39891,12686
110161220/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31083
110161220/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,32969
110161220/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,35571
110161221/tpi/27719,31083,39715,36160,40259,$$$$$,32978,20773,39892
110161221/tpi/21557,25217,35493,0,37989,33975,12664
110161221/tsys1/69.3,69.1,78.2,77.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.3,57.0,66.6
110161221/tsys2/93.1,92.3,92.4,$$$$$$$$,95.4,98.7,97.6
110161221:!110161350
110161350:"data stop"
110161350:et
110161350:!+3s
110161353:tape
110161353/tape/off,07725,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110161353:postob
110161353:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110161353:check2c2
110161432/parity/0.,16.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110161432/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110161447:sx2c2=8
110161452/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-163.8,-165.5,1.2,-0.5
110161453/decode/a,crc,pass
110161453:!110161825
110161825:tape
110161825/tape/off,07730,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110161825:st=rev,135
110161825:!110161830
110161830:preob
110161830/onsource/TRACKING
110161832/tpical/28470,32035,40410,36395,42490,$$$$$,33534,21314,40813
110161833/tpical/24343,28351,39786,0,42401,37640,14033
110161833:!110161840
110161840:tape
110161840/tape/off,07586,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110161840:"data start"
110161840:midob
110161840/onsource/TRACKING
110161840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35337,11136
110161840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28067
110161840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28671
110161840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31227
110161841/tpi/25152,28067,35879,32288,35406,$$$$$,28672,18155,35337
110161841/tpi/19209,22168,31155,0,33235,29745,11106
110161841/tsys1/63.5,62.5,70.2,70.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,50.2,58.0
110161841/tsys2/86.2,84.1,83.4,$$$$$$$$,84.4,87.2,87.8
110161841:!110162010
110162010:"data stop"
110162010:et
110162010:!+3s
110162013:tape
110162013/tape/off,06560,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110162013:postob
110162013:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,neutral
110162013:sx2c2=8
110162018/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-164.6,-165.5,0.4,-0.5
110162019/decode/a,crc,pass
110162019:!110162155
110162155:tape
110162155/tape/off,06560,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110162155:st=rev,135
110162155:!110162200
110162200:preob
110162200/onsource/TRACKING
110162202/tpical/28631,32012,40244,36781,43173,$$$$$,33930,21564,40794
110162203/tpical/24010,28220,39922,0,43807,39004,14008
110162203:!110162210
110162210:tape
110162210/tape/off,06416,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110162210:"data start"
110162210:midob
110162210/onsource/TRACKING
110162210/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35872,11339
110162210/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27841
110162210/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28975
110162210/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31831
110162211/tpi/25136,27841,35642,32539,35998,$$$$$,28908,18366,35858
110162211/tpi/19221,22370,31661,0,35003,31358,11303
110162211/tsys1/60.2,58.9,68.7,68.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.4,50.2,65.3
110162211/tsys2/92.5,89.7,88.6,$$$$$$$$,92.6,95.0,96.7
110162211:!110162340
110162340:"data stop"
110162340:et
110162340:!+3s
110162343:tape
110162343/tape/off,05390,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110162343:postob
110162343:source=0457+024,045715.5,022505.7,1950.0,neutral
110162343:sx2c2=8
110162348/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-163.8,-165.5,1.2,-0.5
110162349/decode/a,crc,pass
110162349:!110162605
110162605:tape
110162605/tape/off,05390,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110162605:st=rev,135
110162605:!110162610
110162610:preob
110162610/onsource/TRACKING
110162612/tpical/28514,31823,40381,36682,42714,$$$$$,33739,21431,42173
110162612/tpical/24245,28199,39647,0,42595,37613,14078
110162612:!110162620
110162620:tape
110162620/tape/off,05246,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110162620:"data start"
110162620:midob
110162620/onsource/TRACKING
110162620/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36754,11312
110162620/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27783
110162620/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28806
110162620/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31430
110162621/tpi/25098,27783,35856,32504,35542,$$$$$,28807,18254,36771
110162621/tpi/19391,22298,31428,0,33833,30058,11322
110162621/tsys1/61.5,60.7,70.2,69.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.1,50.2,61.2
110162621/tsys2/92.1,88.6,88.3,$$$$$$$$,89.9,92.1,95.1
110162621:!110162900
110162900:"data stop"
110162900:et
110162900:!+3s
110162903:tape
110162903/tape/off,03432,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110162903:postob
110162903:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110162903:sx2c2=8
110162908/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-163.8,-165.5,1.2,-0.5
110162909/decode/a,crc,pass
110162909:!110163045
110163045:tape
110163045/tape/off,03432,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163045:st=rev,135
110163045:!110163050
110163050:preob
110163050/onsource/TRACKING
110163052/tpical/28274,31679,40274,36368,41508,$$$$$,33154,21050,41680
110163053/tpical/23436,27382,38519,0,41056,36162,13707
110163053:!110163100
110163100:tape
110163100/tape/off,03289,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110163100:"data start"
110163100:midob
110163100/onsource/TRACKING
110163100/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36392,10882
110163100/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27729
110163100/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28331
110163100/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30095
110163101/tpi/24898,27729,35769,32184,34604,$$$$$,28362,17914,36406
110163101/tpi/18273,21233,29829,0,32015,28432,10805
110163101/tsys1/61.7,62.0,70.4,69.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,49.9,62.0
110163101/tsys2/81.5,80.9,79.2,$$$$$$$$,82.4,85.1,86.1
110163101:!110163230
110163230:"data stop"
110163230:et
110163230:!+3s
110163233:tape
110163233/tape/off,02262,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163233:postob
110163233:source=ok290,095400.0,252933.8,1950.0,neutral
110163233:sx2c2=8
110163238/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-163.8,-164.7,1.2,0.3
110163239/decode/a,crc,pass
110163239:!110163415
110163415:tape
110163415/tape/off,02262,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163415:st=rev,135
110163415:!110163420
110163420:preob
110163420/onsource/TRACKING
110163422/tpical/29099,32774,41563,37386,42641,$$$$$,34391,21830,42750
110163422/tpical/26956,31532,43922,0,46444,40866,15690
110163423:!110163430
110163430:tape
110163430/tape/off,02118,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110163430:"data start"
110163430:midob
110163430/onsource/TRACKING
110163430/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37447,12559
110163430/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28726
110163430/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29561
110163430/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,34700
110163431/tpi/25683,28726,36939,33212,35691,$$$$$,29567,18668,37419
110163431/tpi/21385,24850,34733,0,36933,32775,12566
110163431/tsys1/63.0,62.7,70.8,71.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.7,51.6,63.1
110163431/tsys2/88.6,87.2,87.5,$$$$$$$$,90.5,93.9,93.2
110163431:!110163610
110163610:"data stop"
110163610:et
110163610:!+3s
110163613:tape
110163613/tape/off,00980,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163613:postob
110163613:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110163613:midtp
110163616/tpzero/1756,525,538,110,0,$$$$$,788,523,63
110163616/tpzero/369,52,530,0,302,429,175
110163619/hpib/T +3E-07
110163622/hpib/T +5E-07
110163625/hpib/T +3.9E-06
110163625:sx2c1=9
110163635/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-109.7,-109.6,0.3,0.4
110163636/decode/a,crc,pass
110163636:fastr=0m40s
110163716:!+5s
110163721:!110163745
110163745:tape
110163745/tape/low,00094,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163745:st=for,135
110163745:!110163750
110163750:preob
110163750/onsource/TRACKING
110163752/tpical/28204,31685,40244,36485,41560,$$$$$,33261,21084,41646
110163752/tpical/22071,25887,36416,0,39915,35792,13030
110163752:!110163800
110163800:tape
110163800/tape/off,00238,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110163800:"data start"
110163800:midob
110163800/onsource/TRACKING
110163800/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36344,10420
110163800/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27656
110163800/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28358
110163800/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28635
110163801/tpi/24819,27656,35685,32226,34518,$$$$$,28365,17914,36344
110163801/tpi/17516,20403,28711,0,31565,28526,10446
110163801/tsys1/61.3,60.6,69.4,67.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.7,49.4,61.6
110163801/tsys2/88.5,87.2,86.0,$$$$$$$$,88.0,90.9,93.4
110163801:!110163930
110163930:"data stop"
110163930:et
110163930:!+3s
110163933:tape
110163933/tape/off,01264,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110163933:postob
110163933:source=0919-260,091916.7,-260554.5,1950.0,neutral
110163933:check2c1
110164012/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110164012/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110164027:sx2c1=9
110164032/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-109.6,-0.5,0.4
110164033/decode/a,crc,pass
110164033:!110164145
110164145:tape
110164145/tape/off,01257,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110164145:st=for,135
110164145:!110164150
110164150:preob
110164150/onsource/TRACKING
110164152/tpical/29175,32645,41496,37815,43845,$$$$$,34996,22211,43214
110164152/tpical/21140,24915,35172,0,38530,34682,12525
110164153:!110164200
110164200:tape
110164200/tape/off,01401,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110164200:"data start"
110164200:midob
110164200/onsource/TRACKING
110164200/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37788,10323
110164200/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28605
110164200/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30020
110164200/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28551
110164201/tpi/25714,28605,36899,33539,36658,$$$$$,30038,19001,37791
110164201/tpi/17347,20260,28619,0,31272,28279,10339
110164201/tsys1/62.3,62.6,71.2,70.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.1,51.8,62.6
110164201/tsys2/105.2,102.0,100.7,$$$$$$$$,100.3,102.2,109.3
110164201:!110164330
110164330:"data stop"
110164330:et
110164330:!+3s
110164333:tape
110164333/tape/off,02427,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110164333:postob
110164333:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110164333:sx2c1=9
110164338/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-109.6,-0.5,0.4
110164339/decode/a,crc,pass
110164339:!110164655
110164655:tape
110164655/tape/off,02427,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110164655:st=for,135
110164655:!110164700
110164700:preob
110164700/onsource/TRACKING
110164702/tpical/28808,32533,40641,36886,42332,$$$$$,33705,21321,39868
110164703/tpical/21246,25187,35727,0,39437,34978,12626
110164703:!110164710
110164710:tape
110164710/tape/off,02571,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110164710:"data start"
110164710:midob
110164710/onsource/TRACKING
110164710/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34590,10157
110164710/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28569
110164710/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28892
110164710/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28364
110164711/tpi/25424,28569,36145,32783,35296,$$$$$,28887,18251,34563
110164711/tpi/16906,19923,28271,0,31306,27948,10121
110164711/tsys1/62.9,63.7,71.3,71.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.5,52.0,58.5
110164711/tsys2/89.5,88.7,87.4,$$$$$$$$,89.6,92.0,93.3
110164711:!110164920
110164920:"data stop"
110164920:et
110164920:!+3s
110164923:tape
110164923/tape/off,04047,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110164923:postob
110164923:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
110164923:sx2c1=9
110164928/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-109.6,-0.5,0.4
110164929/decode/a,crc,pass
110164929:!110165715
110165715:tape
110165715/tape/off,04047,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110165715:st=for,135
110165715:!110165720
110165720:preob
110165720/onsource/TRACKING
110165722/tpical/29101,32898,40678,37240,41690,$$$$$,34315,21638,39188
110165723/tpical/20640,24215,34410,0,36828,33166,12011
110165723:!110165730
110165730:tape
110165730/tape/off,04191,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110165730:"data start"
110165730:midob
110165730/onsource/TRACKING
110165730/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33811,9494
110165730/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28814
110165730/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29273
110165730/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26911
110165731/tpi/25670,28814,36098,32855,34603,$$$$$,29310,18421,33814
110165731/tpi/16208,18852,26861,0,28765,26155,9483
110165731/tsys1/62.7,62.3,69.9,67.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.3,50.1,56.5
110165731/tsys2/84.0,82.4,82.0,$$$$$$$$,83.0,86.2,86.5
110165731:!110165900
110165900:"data stop"
110165900:et
110165900:!+3s
110165903:tape
110165903/tape/off,05217,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110165903:postob
110165903:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110165903:sx2c1=9
110165908/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-109.6,-0.5,0.4
110165909/decode/a,crc,pass
110165909:!110170015
110170015:tape
110170015/tape/off,05217,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110170015:st=for,135
110170015:!110170020
110170020:preob
110170020/onsource/TRACKING
110170022/tpical/28804,32626,40485,36806,41540,$$$$$,33893,21363,38841
110170022/tpical/20842,24548,34819,0,37336,33514,12227
110170023:!110170030
110170030:tape
110170030/tape/off,05361,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110170030:"data start"
110170030:midob
110170030/onsource/TRACKING
110170030/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33590,9740
110170030/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28655
110170030/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28980
110170030/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27430
110170031/tpi/25437,28655,35945,32591,34505,$$$$$,29022,18193,33584
110170031/tpi/16596,19356,27490,0,29471,26700,9737
110170031/tsys1/63.3,63.8,70.2,69.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,50.2,57.4
110170031/tsys2/89.8,87.4,86.4,$$$$$$$$,87.2,90.6,90.2
110170031:!110170200
110170200:"data stop"
110170200:et
110170200:!+3s
110170203:tape
110170203/tape/off,06387,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110170203:postob
110170203:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110170203:sx2c1=9
110170208/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-109.7,-109.6,0.3,0.4
110170209/decode/a,crc,pass
110170209:!110170835
110170835:tape
110170835/tape/off,06387,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110170835:st=for,135
110170835:!110170840
110170840:preob
110170840/onsource/TRACKING
110170842/tpical/29097,33107,41270,37688,41646,$$$$$,34249,21702,39629
110170842/tpical/20904,24643,34879,0,37270,33407,12142
110170843:!110170850
110170850:tape
110170850/tape/off,06531,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110170850:"data start"
110170850:midob
110170850/onsource/TRACKING
110170850/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34482,9627
110170850/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29184
110170850/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29417
110170850/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27376
110170851/tpi/25747,29184,36830,33444,34787,$$$$$,29481,18571,34490
110170851/tpi/16438,19222,27298,0,29197,26451,9605
110170851/tsys1/64.5,65.7,73.6,70.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.2,51.9,60.3
110170851/tsys2/84.6,83.1,83.0,$$$$$$$$,84.1,87.9,87.3
110170851:!110171020
110171020:"data stop"
110171020:et
110171020:!+3s
110171023:tape
110171023/tape/off,07557,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110171023:postob
110171023:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110171023:sx2c1=9
110171028/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-109.6,-0.5,0.4
110171029/decode/a,crc,pass
110171029:!110171435
110171435:tape
110171435/tape/off,07557,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110171435:st=for,135
110171435:!110171440
110171440:preob
110171440/onsource/TRACKING
110171442/tpical/28624,32333,40395,36858,41320,$$$$$,33605,21227,39015
110171442/tpical/20349,23954,33887,0,36984,33539,11937
110171442:!110171450
110171450:tape
110171450/tape/off,07700,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110171450:"data start"
110171450:midob
110171450/onsource/TRACKING
110171450/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33674,9515
110171450/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28303
110171450/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28661
110171450/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26646
110171451/tpi/25186,28303,35763,32503,34195,$$$$$,28650,18013,33663
110171451/tpi/16170,18856,26666,0,29115,26651,9511
110171451/tsys1/61.3,62.0,68.4,66.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.6,49.0,56.5
110171451/tsys2/88.9,86.7,85.1,$$$$$$$$,86.0,89.5,90.4
110171451:!110171620
110171620:"data stop"
110171620:et
110171620:!+3s
110171623:tape
110171623/tape/off,08727,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110171623:postob
110171623:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110171623:midtp
110171625/tpzero/1754,532,538,107,0,$$$$$,786,523,60
110171626/tpzero/371,53,533,0,303,432,169
110171629/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110171630;"wx/13,765,56
110171632/hpib/T +1E-07
110171635/hpib/T +3E-07
110171635:sx2c2=10
110171636;"clearly
110171645/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-110.5,-0.6,-0.5
110171646/decode/a,crc,pass
110171646:fastf=0m7s
110171646;clocks
110171649/hpib/T +8E-07
110171652/hpib/T +9E-07
110171654:!+5s
110171655/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110171659:!110172055
110172055:tape
110172055/tape/off,08870,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110172055:st=rev,135
110172055:!110172100
110172100:preob
110172100/onsource/TRACKING
110172102/tpical/29376,32963,41874,38584,44104,$$$$$,35104,22215,43431
110172103/tpical/21357,25312,35670,0,39838,35996,12542
110172103:!110172110
110172110:tape
110172110/tape/off,08726,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110172110:"data start"
110172110:midob
110172110/onsource/TRACKING
110172110/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37940,10058
110172110/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28856
110172110/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30176
110172110/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28274
110172111/tpi/25877,28856,37143,34233,36910,$$$$$,30190,19053,37962
110172111/tpi/17000,19983,28220,0,31662,28912,10038
110172111/tsys1/62.0,62.1,69.6,70.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.9,52.7,62.4
110172111/tsys2/89.7,87.9,87.3,$$$$$$$$,90.1,94.5,92.6
110172111:!110172240
110172240:"data stop"
110172240:et
110172240:!+3s
110172243:tape
110172243/tape/off,07700,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110172243:postob
110172243:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,ccw
110172243:check2c2
110172322/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110172322/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110172337:sx2c2=10
110172342/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-110.5,-0.6,-0.5
110172343/decode/a,crc,pass
110172343:!110172555
110172555:tape
110172555/tape/off,07705,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110172555:st=rev,135
110172555:!110172600
110172600:preob
110172600/onsource/TRACKING
110172602/tpical/31418,35417,44396,42156,48808,$$$$$,37577,23758,44678
110172602/tpical/22842,27125,38680,0,45808,41544,13559
110172603:!110172610
110172610:tape
110172610/tape/off,07562,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110172610:"data start"
110172610:midob
110172610/onsource/TRACKING
110172610/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,39245,11084
110172610/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31465
110172610/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,32740
110172610/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31407
110172611/tpi/28003,31465,39862,37791,41458,$$$$$,32741,20698,39237
110172611/tpi/18669,21984,31390,0,37305,34170,11074
110172611/tsys1/69.2,70.4,78.1,77.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,59.5,59.3,64.8
110172611/tsys2/103.0,100.2,99.5,$$$$$$$$,102.3,107.5,103.1
110172611:!110172740
110172740:"data stop"
110172740:et
110172740:!+3s
110172743:tape
110172743/tape/off,06535,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110172743:postob
110172743:source=1726+455,172601.2,453304.7,1950.0,neutral
110172743:sx2c2=10
110172748/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-110.5,-0.6,-0.5
110172749/decode/a,crc,pass
110172749:!110173015
110173015:tape
110173015/tape/off,06535,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110173015:st=rev,135
110173015:!110173020
110173020:preob
110173020/onsource/TRACKING
110173022/tpical/30098,33980,42280,39425,45116,$$$$$,35892,22642,41439
110173023/tpical/21957,26006,36983,0,41621,37941,12913
110173023:!110173030
110173030:tape
110173030/tape/off,06392,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110173030:"data start"
110173030:midob
110173030/onsource/TRACKING
110173030/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36077,10363
110173030/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29933
110173030/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31055
110173030/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29445
110173031/tpi/26663,29933,37594,35173,37890,$$$$$,31033,19543,36075
110173031/tpi/17503,20521,29298,0,33115,30498,10316
110173031/tsys1/65.3,65.4,71.2,74.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.0,55.2,60.4
110173031/tsys2/90.4,87.7,88.0,$$$$$$$$,90.7,94.9,91.8
110173031:!110173340
110173340:"data stop"
110173340:et
110173340:!+3s
110173343:tape
110173343/tape/off,04240,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110173343:postob
110173343:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110173343:sx2c2=10
110173348/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-109.8,-110.5,0.2,-0.5
110173349/decode/a,crc,pass
110173349:!110174125
110174125:tape
110174125/tape/off,04240,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110174125:st=rev,135
110174125:!110174130
110174130:preob
110174130/onsource/TRACKING
110174132/tpical/28606,32428,40968,37481,43016,$$$$$,33881,21362,41031
110174133/tpical/24487,28766,40355,0,43509,38930,14172
110174133:!110174140
110174140:tape
110174140/tape/off,04097,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110174140:"data start"
110174140:midob
110174140/onsource/TRACKING
110174140/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35823,11355
110174140/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28509
110174140/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29064
110174140/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31995
110174141/tpi/25313,28509,36485,33250,35876,$$$$$,29068,18299,35798
110174141/tpi/19574,22790,32030,0,34460,31209,11351
110174141/tsys1/64.4,64.2,72.2,70.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.9,52.2,61.5
110174141/tsys2/91.9,89.4,88.9,$$$$$$$$,88.7,93.7,93.2
110174141:!110174310
110174310:"data stop"
110174310:et
110174310:!+3s
110174313:tape
110174313/tape/off,03070,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110174313:postob
110174313:source=ok290,095400.0,252933.8,1950.0,neutral
110174313:sx2c2=10
110174318/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-110.5,-0.6,-0.5
110174319/decode/a,crc,pass
110174319:!110174445
110174354;track
110174354?ERROR an -103
110174354#antcn#PR 9.9457 25.2630 0.0000 0.0000 0.1174 -0.0852
110174354#antcn#TR 9.9457 25.2630 0.0000 0.0000 0.1174 -0.0852
110174354#antcn#OF 0.5110 0.0002 1998/110.20:43:53.10 0.1174 -0.0852
110174354#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110174418;clocld
110174418?ERROR sp -4
110174424;clochk
110174424?ERROR sp -4
110174439;track
110174439#antcn#PR 9.9457 25.2630 0.0000 0.0000 0.1174 -0.0852
110174439#antcn#TR 9.9457 25.2630 0.0000 0.0000 0.1174 -0.0852
110174439#antcn#OF 0.0016 0.0008 1998/110.20:44:38.10 0.1174 -0.0852
110174439#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110174445:tape
110174445/tape/off,03070,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110174445:st=rev,135
110174445:!110174450
110174450:preob
110174450/onsource/TRACKING
110174452/tpical/28729,32545,41158,37659,42646,$$$$$,33855,21362,41425
110174453/tpical/21520,25446,35950,0,39550,35579,12546
110174453:!110174500
110174459;clochk
110174459?ERROR sp -4
110174500:tape
110174500/tape/off,02926,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110174500:"data start"
110174500:midob
110174500/onsource/TRACKING
110174500/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36307,10044
110174500/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28663
110174500/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29119
110174500/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28434
110174501/tpi/25440,28663,36659,33498,35691,$$$$$,29077,18264,36279
110174501/tpi/17162,20190,28469,0,31471,28548,10060
110174501/tsys1/64.8,65.2,72.3,72.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.3,51.5,63.3
110174501/tsys2/90.5,90.0,87.8,$$$$$$$$,90.7,94.0,93.5
110174501:!110174640
110174540;cloch
110174540?ERROR sp -4
110174611;clo0kh\
110174611?ERROR sp -4
110174628;cloch
110174628?ERROR sp -4
110174640:"data stop"
110174640:et
110174640:!+3s
110174643:tape
110174643/tape/off,01788,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110174643:postob
110174643:source=0457+024,045715.5,022505.7,1950.0,neutral
110174643:midtp
110174646/tpzero/1747,534,532,105,0,$$$$$,785,513,56
110174646/tpzero/366,40,530,0,304,429,170
110174649/hpib/T +3E-07
110174652/hpib/T +4E-07
110174655/hpib/T +5E-07
110174655:sx2c1=11
110174704/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-54.6,-0.7,0.4
110174705/decode/a,crc,pass
110174705:fastr=1m17s
110174706;clock
110174706?ERROR sp -4
110174752;clochk
110174752?ERROR sp -4
110174823:!+5s
110174828:!110174945
110174945:tape
110174945/tape/low,00069,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110174945:st=for,135
110174945:!110174950
110174950:preob
110174950/onsource/TRACKING
110174952/tpical/30971,35016,43919,40881,47160,$$$$$,37557,23734,43521
110174952/tpical/21343,25073,35771,0,39578,35985,12395
110174953:!110175000
110175000:tape
110175000/tape/off,00212,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110175000:"data start"
110175000:midob
110175000/onsource/TRACKING
110175000/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,38115,9976
110175000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30989
110175000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,32763
110175000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28499
110175001/tpi/27533,30989,39329,36596,39889,$$$$$,32755,20642,38098
110175001/tpi/17144,19888,28494,0,31607,29114,9953
110175001/tsys1/67.5,68.1,76.1,76.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,59.9,58.6,63.1
110175001/tsys2/93.9,90.0,90.3,$$$$$$$$,92.3,98.1,94.1
110175001:!110175300
110175300:"data stop"
110175300:et
110175300:!+3s
110175303:tape
110175303/tape/off,02251,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110175303:postob
110175303:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110175303:check2c1
110175342/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110175342/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110175357:sx2c1=11
110175402/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-54.6,-0.7,0.4
110175403/decode/a,crc,pass
110175403:!110175445
110175445:tape
110175445/tape/off,02245,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110175445:st=for,135
110175445:!110175450
110175450:preob
110175450/onsource/TRACKING
110175452/tpical/28371,32101,40508,37286,42314,$$$$$,33954,21428,39682
110175452/tpical/19846,23554,33396,0,36920,33376,11670
110175452:!110175500
110175500:tape
110175500/tape/off,02388,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110175500:"data start"
110175500:midob
110175500/onsource/TRACKING
110175500/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34337,9198
110175500/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28058
110175500/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29043
110175500/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26003
110175501/tpi/24919,28058,35866,32947,35090,$$$$$,29062,18280,34343
110175501/tpi/15521,18248,25965,0,28796,26329,9178
110175501/tsys1/60.4,61.3,68.5,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.0,50.8,57.8
110175501/tsys2/82.3,80.6,80.4,$$$$$$$$,82.4,86.4,84.9
110175501:!110175630
110175630:"data stop"
110175630:et
110175630:!+3s
110175633:tape
110175633/tape/off,03415,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110175633:postob
110175633:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110175633:sx2c1=11
110175638/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-54.6,-0.7,0.4
110175639/decode/a,crc,pass
110175639:!110175815
110175815:tape
110175815/tape/off,03415,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110175815:st=for,135
110175815:!110175820
110175820:preob
110175820/onsource/TRACKING
110175822/tpical/28280,31906,40372,37148,42477,$$$$$,33672,21249,41540
110175822/tpical/19591,23331,33119,0,36973,33264,11562
110175823:!110175830
110175830:tape
110175830/tape/off,03558,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110175830:"data start"
110175830:midob
110175830/onsource/TRACKING
110175830/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36368,9298
110175830/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27887
110175830/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28762
110175830/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26338
110175831/tpi/24868,27887,35911,32891,35443,$$$$$,28786,18101,36360
110175831/tpi/15749,18626,26328,0,29475,26780,9322
110175831/tsys1/61.0,61.3,71.4,69.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,50.3,63.1
110175831/tsys2/94.1,92.8,89.3,$$$$$$$$,91.4,95.5,96.0
110175831:!110180040
110175918;cl0chk
110175918?ERROR sp -4
110175928;track
110175928#antcn#PR 8.1422 49.8514 0.0000 0.0000 0.1341 -0.0817
110175928#antcn#TR 8.1421 49.8514 0.0000 0.0000 0.1341 -0.0817
110175928#antcn#OF -0.0005 0.0005 1998/110.20:59:27.30 0.1341 -0.0817
110175928#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110180012;clocks
110180015/hpib/T +1E-07
110180018/hpib/T +2E-07
110180021/hpib/T +3E-07
110180030;clocks
110180033/hpib/T +8E-07
110180036/hpib/T +4.8E-06
110180039/hpib/T 0E-07
110180040:"data stop"
110180040:et
110180040:!+3s
110180043:tape
110180043/tape/off,05034,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110180043:postob
110180043:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110180043:sx2c1=11
110180048/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-54.6,-0.7,0.4
110180049/decode/a,crc,pass
110180049:!110180635
110180049;track
110180049?ERROR an -103
110180049#antcn#PR 16.6741 39.7805 0.0000 0.0000 0.1157 -0.0762
110180049#antcn#TR 16.6741 39.7805 0.0000 0.0000 0.1158 -0.0762
110180049#antcn#OF 237.9372 46.1972 1998/110.21:00:48.10 0.1157 -0.0762
110180049#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110180536;"wx/10.5,764,76
110180542;clocks
110180545/hpib/T +9E-07
110180548/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110180551/hpib/T +1E-07
110180601;track
110180601#antcn#PR 16.6741 39.7805 0.0000 0.0000 0.1157 -0.0762
110180601#antcn#TR 16.6741 39.7805 0.0000 0.0000 0.1158 -0.0762
110180601#antcn#OF -0.0003 0.0005 1998/110.21:05:59.80 0.1157 -0.0762
110180601#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110180635:tape
110180635/tape/off,05034,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110180635:st=for,135
110180635:!110180640
110180640:preob
110180640/onsource/TRACKING
110180642/tpical/28384,31781,40237,37058,42466,$$$$$,33917,21494,40241
110180643/tpical/20166,23096,32658,0,36582,33469,11557
110180643:!110180650
110180650:tape
110180650/tape/off,05178,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110180650:"data start"
110180650:midob
110180650/onsource/TRACKING
110180650/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34814,9259
110180650/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27776
110180650/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28985
110180650/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25814
110180651/tpi/24984,27776,35643,32779,35326,$$$$$,29014,18309,34815
110180651/tpi/16218,18265,25800,0,28980,26793,9264
110180651/tsys1/61.5,61.2,68.8,68.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,50.3,57.7
110180651/tsys2/94.4,88.7,86.6,$$$$$$$$,88.6,92.8,93.2
110180651:!110180900
110180900:"data stop"
110180900:et
110180900:!+3s
110180903:tape
110180903/tape/off,06654,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110180903:postob
110180903:source=0823+033,082313.5,031915.5,1950.0,neutral
110180903:sx2c1=11
110180908/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-54.6,-0.7,0.4
110180909/decode/a,crc,pass
110180909:!110181515
110181515:tape
110181515/tape/off,06654,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110181515:st=for,135
110181515:!110181520
110181520:preob
110181520/onsource/TRACKING
110181522/tpical/27903,31457,39890,36572,42251,$$$$$,33453,21081,40739
110181522/tpical/25555,23110,32700,0,35596,32402,11578
110181523:!110181530
110181530:tape
110181530/tape/off,06798,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110181530:"data start"
110181530:midob
110181530/onsource/TRACKING
110181530/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35313,9185
110181530/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27433
110181530/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28452
110181530/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25566
110181531/tpi/24463,27433,35273,32193,34936,$$$$$,28466,17857,35315
110181531/tpi/21347,18074,25604,0,27859,25645,9198
110181531/tsys1/59.4,60.2,67.7,65.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.0,48.4,58.5
110181531/tsys2/117.2,84.2,83.0,$$$$$$$$,83.7,87.7,89.1
110181531:!110181700
110181700:"data stop"
110181700:et
110181700:!+3s
110181703:tape
110181703/tape/off,07824,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110181703:postob
110181703:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110181703:midtp
110181705/tpzero/1748,532,530,103,0,$$$$$,783,515,59
110181706/tpzero/369,42,528,0,303,426,171
110181709/hpib/T +7E-07
110181712/hpib/T +4.7E-06
110181715/hpib/T +3.9E-06
110181715:sx2c2=12
110181725/pass/12,12,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-54.1,-55.4,0.9,-0.4
110181726/decode/a,crc,pass
110181726:fastf=0m47s
110181813:!+5s
110181818:!110182535
110182535:tape
110182535/tape/off,08868,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110182535:st=rev,135
110182535:!110182540
110182540:preob
110182540/onsource/TRACKING
110182542/tpical/28123,31755,40262,36970,42604,$$$$$,33614,21162,41462
110182543/tpical/19810,23523,33274,0,36342,32955,11589
110182543:!110182550
110182550:tape
110182550/tape/off,08725,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110182550:"data start"
110182550:midob
110182550/onsource/TRACKING
110182550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36210,9217
110182550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27739
110182550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28739
110182550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26028
110182551/tpi/24787,27739,35744,32710,35509,$$$$$,28813,18015,36210
110182551/tpi/15627,18447,26079,0,28556,26204,9238
110182551/tsys1/62.2,61.0,70.1,68.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.5,50.0,61.9
110182551/tsys2/85.7,85.2,83.5,$$$$$$$$,85.3,89.7,90.6
110182551:!110182720
110182720:"data stop"
110182720:et
110182720:!+3s
110182723:tape
110182723/tape/off,07698,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110182723:postob
110182723:source=4c39.25,092355.3,391523.8,1950.0,neutral
110182723:check2c2
110182802/parity/16.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110182802/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110182817:sx2c2=12
110182822/pass/12,12,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-54.1,-55.4,0.9,-0.4
110182823/decode/a,crc,pass
110182823:!110182905
110182905:tape
110182905/tape/off,07704,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110182905:st=rev,135
110182905:!110182910
110182910:preob
110182910/onsource/TRACKING
110182912/tpical/28456,32150,40772,37508,43262,$$$$$,34154,21485,42049
110182913/tpical/20152,24010,33945,0,37128,33394,11923
110182913:!110182920
110182920:tape
110182920/tape/off,07560,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110182920:"data start"
110182920:midob
110182920/onsource/TRACKING
110182920/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,36848,9590
110182920/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28154
110182920/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29330
110182920/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27194
110182921/tpi/25070,28154,36288,33269,36210,$$$$$,29308,18340,36839
110182921/tpi/16255,19235,27138,0,29714,26923,9575
110182921/tsys1/62.0,62.2,71.8,70.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.0,51.0,63.5
110182921/tsys2/95.8,94.5,91.9,$$$$$$$$,93.2,96.2,94.1
110182921:!110183050
110183050:"data stop"
110183050:et
110183050:!+3s
110183053:tape
110183053/tape/off,06533,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110183053:postob
110183053:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110183053:sx2c2=12
110183058/pass/12,12,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-54.1,-55.4,0.9,-0.4
110183059/decode/a,crc,pass
110183059:!110183605
110183605:tape
110183605/tape/off,06533,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110183605:st=rev,135
110183605:!110183610
110183610:preob
110183610/onsource/TRACKING
110183612/tpical/28542,32259,40265,37189,41547,$$$$$,34188,21476,38590
110183612/tpical/20048,23252,32920,0,36196,33304,11573
110183612:!110183620
110183620:tape
110183620/tape/off,06390,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110183620:"data start"
110183620:midob
110183620/onsource/TRACKING
110183620/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33298,9290
110183620/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28163
110183620/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29235
110183620/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26159
110183621/tpi/25074,28163,35651,32862,34480,$$$$$,29261,18320,33311
110183621/tpi/16168,18467,26193,0,28731,26789,9307
110183621/tsys1/60.5,60.7,68.5,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.0,50.8,56.7
110183621/tsys2/95.7,90.5,89.7,$$$$$$$$,89.5,95.1,94.7
110183621:!110183830
110183830:"data stop"
110183830:et
110183830:!+3s
110183833:tape
110183833/tape/off,04913,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110183833:postob
110183833:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110183833:sx2c2=12
110183838/pass/12,12,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-54.1,-55.4,0.9,-0.4
110183839/decode/a,crc,pass
110183839:!110184435
110184435:tape
110184435/tape/off,04913,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110184435:st=rev,135
110184435:!110184440
110184440:preob
110184440/onsource/TRACKING
110184442/tpical/28099,31631,40132,37041,42261,$$$$$,33934,21445,40499
110184442/tpical/19200,22812,32563,0,35645,32036,11320
110184443:!110184450
110184450:tape
110184450/tape/off,04769,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110184450:"data start"
110184450:midob
110184450/onsource/TRACKING
110184450/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35136,9006
110184450/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27589
110184450/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28986
110184450/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25560
110184451/tpi/24619,27589,35559,32694,35083,$$$$$,28998,18250,35127
110184451/tpi/15264,17977,25642,0,28060,25583,9034
110184451/tsys1/59.1,60.2,68.9,67.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,58.8
110184451/tsys2/88.9,87.2,85.3,$$$$$$$$,86.0,91.6,91.1
110184451:!110184620
110184620:"data stop"
110184620:et
110184620:!+3s
110184623:tape
110184623/tape/off,03743,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110184623:postob
110184623:source=1044+719,104449.7,715927.3,1950.0,cw
110184623:midtp
110184626/tpzero/1751,531,533,107,0,$$$$$,786,517,60
110184626/tpzero/371,46,527,0,303,427,170
110184629/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110184632/hpib/T +1.2E-06
110184635/hpib/T +3E-07
110184635:sx2c1=13
110184644/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110184645/decode/a,crc,pass
110184645:fastr=2m44s
110184930:!+5s
110184935:!110185135
110185135:tape
110185135/tape/low,00067,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110185135:st=for,135
110185135:!110185140
110185140:preob
110185140/onsource/TRACKING
110185142/tpical/27650,31268,39251,36689,41436,$$$$$,33218,21017,38559
110185143/tpical/19151,22800,32486,0,36723,33208,11365
110185143:!110185150
110185150:tape
110185150/tape/off,00211,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110185150:"data start"
110185150:midob
110185150/onsource/TRACKING
110185150/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33260,9084
110185150/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27444
110185150/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28415
110185150/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25503
110185151/tpi/24398,27444,34800,32430,34250,$$$$$,28417,17914,33272
110185151/tpi/15109,17821,25380,0,28849,26317,9039
110185151/tsys1/62.7,63.3,69.3,68.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,50.5,56.5
110185151/tsys2/85.7,83.9,82.2,$$$$$$$$,85.2,88.3,89.6
110185151:!110190200
110190200:"data stop"
110190200:et
110190200:!+3s
110190203:tape
110190203/tape/off,07087,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110190203:postob
110190203:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110190203:check2c1
110190242/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110190242/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110190257:sx2c1=13
110190302/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110190303/decode/a,crc,pass
110190303:!110190825
110190825:tape
110190825/tape/off,07082,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110190825:st=for,135
110190825:!110190830
110190830:preob
110190830/onsource/TRACKING
110190832/tpical/27631,31271,39653,36441,41483,$$$$$,33413,21000,39683
110190833/tpical/20582,24252,34301,0,36352,32972,12060
110190833:!110190840
110190840:tape
110190840/tape/off,07226,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110190840:"data start"
110190840:midob
110190840/onsource/TRACKING
110190840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34454,9562
110190840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27314
110190840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28477
110190840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27033
110190841/tpi/24278,27314,35118,32186,34332,$$$$$,28477,17851,34449
110190841/tpi/16381,19143,27031,0,28658,26184,9567
110190841/tsys1/60.5,60.9,68.6,67.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.5,49.5,59.1
110190841/tsys2/89.6,87.8,85.7,$$$$$$$$,86.6,89.2,88.6
110190841:!110191010
110191010:"data stop"
110191010:et
110191010:!+3s
110191013:tape
110191013/tape/off,08252,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110191013:postob
110191013:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110191013:midtp
110191016/tpzero/1754,532,535,110,0,$$$$$,795,521,60
110191016/tpzero/375,54,527,0,301,430,175
110191019/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110191022/hpib/T +4.2E-06
110191025/hpib/T +4E-07
110191025:sx2c2=14
110191035/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-0.4,-0.1,-0.4
110191036/decode/a,crc,pass
110191036:fastf=0m29s
110191105:!+5s
110191110:!110192105
110192105:tape
110192105/tape/off,08891,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110192105:st=rev,135
110192105:!110192110
110192110:preob
110192110/onsource/TRACKING
110192112/tpical/28159,31747,39534,36713,41006,$$$$$,33383,20951,37831
110192112/tpical/20846,24371,34372,0,37247,34124,12136
110192112:!110192120
110192120:tape
110192120/tape/off,08748,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110192120:"data start"
110192120:midob
110192120/onsource/TRACKING
110192120/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32664,9685
110192120/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27785
110192120/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28537
110192120/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27162
110192121/tpi/24839,27785,35049,32417,33988,$$$$$,28527,17837,32671
110192121/tpi/16486,19120,27061,0,29232,27056,9645
110192121/tsys1/62.6,61.9,69.3,67.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,56.9
110192121/tsys2/86.8,85.3,85.3,$$$$$$$$,84.8,88.5,89.3
110192121:!110192320
110192320:"data stop"
110192320:et
110192320:!+3s
110192323:tape
110192323/tape/off,07384,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110192323:postob
110192323:source=0919-260,091916.7,-260554.5,1950.0,neutral
110192323:check2c2
110192402/parity/16.,49.,0.,33.,0.,49.,0.
110192402/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110192417:sx2c2=14
110192422/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110192423/decode/a,crc,pass
110192423:!110192745
110192745:tape
110192745/tape/off,07389,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110192745:st=rev,135
110192745:!110192750
110192750:preob
110192750/onsource/TRACKING
110192752/tpical/29760,33493,41819,39037,44577,$$$$$,36246,22757,40542
110192752/tpical/21374,25317,35799,0,38355,34998,12542
110192752:!110192800
110192800:tape
110192800/tape/off,07245,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110192800:"data start"
110192800:midob
110192800/onsource/TRACKING
110192800/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35353,9959
110192800/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29609
110192800/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31324
110192800/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28215
110192801/tpi/26426,29609,37329,34747,37464,$$$$$,31377,19608,35365
110192801/tpi/16960,19876,28256,0,30311,28047,9962
110192801/tsys1/66.6,67.4,73.8,72.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.5,54.6,61.4
110192801/tsys2/88.3,85.6,86.4,$$$$$$$$,87.7,93.4,89.1
110192801:!110192930
110192930:"data stop"
110192930:et
110192930:!+3s
110192933:tape
110192933/tape/off,06219,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110192933:postob
110192933:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110192933:sx2c2=14
110192938/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110192939/decode/a,crc,pass
110192939:!110193145
110193145:tape
110193145/tape/off,06219,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110193145:st=rev,135
110193145:!110193150
110193150:preob
110193150/onsource/TRACKING
110193152/tpical/28077,31630,39921,37158,41861,$$$$$,34032,21454,39082
110193153/tpical/20103,23881,33950,0,36651,33184,11791
110193153:!110193200
110193200:tape
110193200/tape/off,06075,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110193200:"data start"
110193200:midob
110193200/onsource/TRACKING
110193200/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34012,9396
110193200/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27756
110193200/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29230
110193200/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26789
110193201/tpi/24767,27756,35505,32976,34912,$$$$$,29239,18349,34012
110193201/tpi/15903,18717,26728,0,28837,26348,9364
110193201/tsys1/62.6,63.2,71.3,70.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.4,51.7,60.3
110193201/tsys2/86.9,84.9,85.3,$$$$$$$$,85.8,89.1,89.0
110193201:!110193330
110193330:"data stop"
110193330:et
110193330:!+3s
110193333:tape
110193333/tape/off,05049,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110193333:postob
110193333:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110193333:sx2c2=14
110193338/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110193339/decode/a,crc,pass
110193339:!110193515
110193515:tape
110193515/tape/off,05049,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110193515:st=rev,135
110193515:!110193520
110193520:preob
110193520/onsource/TRACKING
110193522/tpical/27397,30846,39163,36371,41002,$$$$$,32858,20708,39730
110193522/tpical/19907,23695,33533,0,36326,32710,11677
110193523:!110193530
110193530:tape
110193530/tape/off,04905,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110193530:"data start"
110193530:midob
110193530/onsource/TRACKING
110193530/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34765,9218
110193530/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26906
110193530/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28045
110193530/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26159
110193531/tpi/24107,26906,34713,32136,34130,$$$$$,28030,17629,34765
110193531/tpi/15657,18509,26265,0,28419,25857,9234
110193531/tsys1/61.1,60.2,69.1,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.8,50.0,62.9
110193531/tsys2/84.5,83.6,83.2,$$$$$$$$,83.6,87.2,87.1
110193531:!110193740
110193740:"data stop"
110193740:et
110193740:!+3s
110193743:tape
110193743/tape/off,03428,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110193743:postob
110193743:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,cw
110193743:sx2c2=14
110193748/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,0.7,0.4,0.7,0.4
110193749/decode/a,crc,pass
110193749:!110194345
110194345:tape
110194345/tape/off,03428,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110194345:st=rev,135
110194345:!110194350
110194350:preob
110194350/onsource/TRACKING
110194352/tpical/27057,30573,38406,36147,40148,$$$$$,32487,20466,37457
110194352/tpical/19466,23191,32881,0,36783,33130,11593
110194353:!110194400
110194400:tape
110194400/tape/off,03285,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110194400:"data start"
110194400:midob
110194400/onsource/TRACKING
110194400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32361,9148
110194400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26674
110194400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27716
110194400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25633
110194401/tpi/23763,26674,33933,31862,33147,$$$$$,27718,17385,32352
110194401/tpi/15215,17966,25588,0,28585,26019,9130
110194401/tsys1/60.1,60.3,67.2,66.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.8,49.3,56.9
110194401/tsys2/82.0,80.6,80.8,$$$$$$$$,81.1,84.6,85.4
110194401:!110194610
110194610:"data stop"
110194610:et
110194610:!+3s
110194613:tape
110194613/tape/off,01808,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110194613:postob
110194613:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110194613:sx2c2=14
110194618/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
110194619/decode/a,crc,pass
110194619:!110194855
110194855:tape
110194855/tape/off,01808,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110194855:st=rev,135
110194855:!110194900
110194900:preob
110194900/onsource/TRACKING
110194902/tpical/27478,31023,39325,36445,40595,$$$$$,32972,20833,38789
110194902/tpical/19467,22899,32424,0,34582,31392,11336
110194902:!110194910
110194910:tape
110194910/tape/off,01665,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110194910:"data start"
110194910:midob
110194910/onsource/TRACKING
110194910/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33670,8957
110194910/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27110
110194910/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28154
110194910/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25350
110194911/tpi/24154,27110,34766,32202,33660,$$$$$,28154,17706,33657
110194911/tpi/15362,17916,25392,0,27007,24785,8979
110194911/tsys1/60.6,61.1,67.6,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.1,49.5,58.9
110194911/tsys2/85.8,84.2,83.1,$$$$$$$$,82.9,86.6,87.8
110194911:!110195040
110195040:"data stop"
110195040:et
110195040:!+3s
110195043:tape
110195043/tape/off,00638,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110195043:postob
110195043:source=ok290,095400.0,252933.8,1950.0,neutral
110195043:midtp
110195045/tpzero/1753,533,533,111,0,$$$$$,795,519,59
110195046/tpzero/375,53,531,0,301,428,171
110195049/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110195052/hpib/T +2E-07
110195055/hpib/T +3E-07
110195055:sx2c1=15
110195105/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,53.1,55.5,-1.9,0.5
110195106/decode/a,crc,pass
110195106:fastr=0m24s
110195130:!+5s
110195136:!110195225
110195225:tape
110195225/tape/off,00112,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110195225:st=for,135
110195225:!110195230
110195230:preob
110195230/onsource/TRACKING
110195232/tpical/27577,31246,39535,36568,40719,$$$$$,32951,20815,38786
110195233/tpical/19946,23525,33288,0,35037,31876,11544
110195233:!110195240
110195240:tape
110195240/tape/off,00255,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110195240:"data start"
110195240:midob
110195240/onsource/TRACKING
110195240/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33808,9131
110195240/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27411
110195240/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28188
110195240/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25826
110195241/tpi/24360,27411,35180,32476,33937,$$$$$,28245,17783,33829
110195241/tpi/15574,18175,25839,0,27366,25136,9112
110195241/tsys1/63.2,63.1,71.6,71.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.5,51.2,61.3
110195241/tsys2/81.7,79.6,79.8,$$$$$$$$,82.9,86.1,86.4
110195241:!110195420
110195420:"data stop"
110195420:et
110195420:!+3s
110195423:tape
110195423/tape/off,01394,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110195423:postob
110195423:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110195423:check2c1
110195502/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110195502/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110195517:sx2c1=15
110195522/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,54.7,0.6,-0.3
110195523/decode/a,crc,pass
110195523:!110195635
110195635:tape
110195635/tape/off,01389,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110195635:st=for,135
110195635:!110195640
110195640:preob
110195640/onsource/TRACKING
110195642/tpical/28171,31768,39732,36980,41075,$$$$$,33678,21222,37904
110195642/tpical/20117,23474,33287,0,35189,32200,11643
110195643:!110195650
110195650:tape
110195650/tape/off,01532,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110195650:"data start"
110195650:midob
110195650/onsource/TRACKING
110195650/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32787,9240
110195650/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27929
110195650/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28869
110195650/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26140
110195651/tpi/24896,27929,35236,32670,34154,$$$$$,28825,18101,32773
110195651/tpi/15910,18364,26060,0,27547,25439,9222
110195651/tsys1/63.6,64.2,69.5,68.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.0,50.7,57.4
110195651/tsys2/86.8,84.2,83.0,$$$$$$$$,83.8,86.9,87.9
110195651:!110195820
110195820:"data stop"
110195820:et
110195820:!+3s
110195823:tape
110195823/tape/off,02559,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110195823:postob
110195823:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110195823:sx2c1=15
110195828/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,54.7,0.6,-0.3
110195829/decode/a,crc,pass
110195829:!110200335
110200335:tape
110200335/tape/off,02559,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110200335:st=for,135
110200335:!110200340
110200340:preob
110200340/onsource/TRACKING
110200342/tpical/27726,31101,38995,36368,40529,$$$$$,32570,20679,37509
110200343/tpical/19832,23353,32996,0,35584,32536,11590
110200343:!110200350
110200350:tape
110200350/tape/off,02702,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110200350:"data start"
110200350:midob
110200350/onsource/TRACKING
110200350/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32425,9164
110200350/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27198
110200350/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27805
110200350/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25756
110200351/tpi/24393,27198,34465,32080,33715,$$$$$,27789,17597,32453
110200351/tpi/15750,18290,25924,0,27930,25816,9223
110200351/tsys1/61.1,61.5,67.4,67.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.8,49.9,57.7
110200351/tsys2/88.5,84.6,84.4,$$$$$$$$,84.8,88.8,89.9
110200351:!110200550
110200550:"data stop"
110200550:et
110200550:!+3s
110200553:tape
110200553/tape/off,04066,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110200553:postob
110200553:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
110200553:sx2c1=15
110200558/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,54.7,-0.3,-0.3
110200559/decode/a,crc,pass
110200559:!110201135
110201135:tape
110201135/tape/off,04066,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110201135:st=for,135
110201135:!110201140
110201140:preob
110201140/onsource/TRACKING
110201142/tpical/28477,32093,40776,38270,42795,$$$$$,34547,21957,40203
110201142/tpical/21825,25963,36966,0,39427,35512,12829
110201142:!110201150
110201150:tape
110201150/tape/off,04210,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110201150:"data start"
110201150:midob
110201150/onsource/TRACKING
110201150/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35029,10305
110201150/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28230
110201150/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29791
110201150/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29489
110201151/tpi/25187,28230,36252,34070,35908,$$$$$,29777,18862,35038
110201151/tpi/17506,20646,29432,0,31442,28564,10303
110201151/tsys1/64.1,64.5,71.1,72.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.7,53.3,61.0
110201151/tsys2/93.2,91.0,90.1,$$$$$$$$,91.6,95.2,94.3
110201151:!110201320
110201320:"data stop"
110201320:et
110201320:!+3s
110201323:tape
110201323/tape/off,05236,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110201323:postob
110201323:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110201323:sx2c1=15
110201328/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,54.7,0.6,-0.3
110201329/decode/a,crc,pass
110201329:!110202715
110202715:tape
110202715/tape/off,05236,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110202715:st=for,135
110202715:!110202720
110202720:preob
110202720/onsource/TRACKING
110202722/tpical/27053,30311,38603,36181,40824,$$$$$,32527,20555,39852
110202722/tpical/19526,23250,32993,0,35621,32099,11557
110202723:!110202730
110202730:tape
110202730/tape/off,05379,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110202730:"data start"
110202730:midob
110202730/onsource/TRACKING
110202730/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34733,9042
110202730/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26435
110202730/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27701
110202730/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25547
110202731/tpi/23809,26435,34193,31871,33870,$$$$$,27693,17449,34735
110202731/tpi/14978,17750,25279,0,27415,24928,8953
110202731/tsys1/61.2,60.1,68.7,66.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.1,49.1,61.0
110202731/tsys2/75.5,75.6,75.4,$$$$$$$$,77.6,80.3,79.3
110202731:!110202940
110202940:"data stop"
110202940:et
110202940:!+3s
110202943:tape
110202943/tape/off,06856,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110202943:postob
110202943:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110202943:sx2c1=15
110202948/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,54.7,0.6,-0.3
110202949/decode/a,crc,pass
110202949:!110203325
110203325:tape
110203325/tape/off,06856,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110203325:st=for,135
110203325:!110203330
110203330:preob
110203330/onsource/TRACKING
110203332/tpical/27565,31088,39462,37049,40491,$$$$$,33225,21004,38422
110203333/tpical/18329,21740,30869,0,32815,30044,10742
110203333:!110203340
110203340:tape
110203340/tape/off,06999,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110203340:"data start"
110203340:midob
110203340/onsource/TRACKING
110203340/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33385,8415
110203340/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27226
110203340/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28404
110203340/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23892
110203341/tpi/24239,27226,35006,32722,33671,$$$$$,28393,17878,33410
110203341/tpi/14109,16576,23635,0,25260,23333,8338
110203341/tsys1/60.8,62.2,69.6,67.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,59.9
110203341/tsys2/76.5,75.2,75.1,$$$$$$$$,77.6,80.2,79.8
110203341:!110203510
110203510:"data stop"
110203510:et
110203510:!+3s
110203513:tape
110203513/tape/off,08025,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110203513:postob
110203513:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110203513:midtp
110203515/tpzero/1757,533,533,111,0,$$$$$,794,521,61
110203516/tpzero/373,47,527,0,305,428,173
110203519/hpib/T +7E-07
110203522/hpib/T +9E-07
110203525/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110203525:sx2c2=16
110203535/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,55.4,-0.3,0.4
110203536/decode/a,crc,pass
110203536:fastf=0m40s
110203617:!+5s
110203622:!110203955
110203955:tape
110203955/tape/off,08911,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110203955:st=rev,135
110203955:!110204000
110204000:preob
110204000/onsource/TRACKING
110204002/tpical/27522,31061,39014,36810,39863,$$$$$,32644,20706,37061
110204002/tpical/18884,22348,31578,0,34113,31263,11084
110204002:!110204010
110204010:tape
110204010/tape/off,08767,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110204010:"data start"
110204010:midob
110204010/onsource/TRACKING
110204010/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31986,8797
110204010/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27229
110204010/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27913
110204010/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24783
110204011/tpi/24232,27229,34609,32519,32975,$$$$$,27913,17599,31986
110204011/tpi/14924,17493,24841,0,26773,24789,8799
110204011/tsys1/61.5,62.7,69.6,68.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,49.5,56.6
110204011/tsys2/86.4,84.4,84.8,$$$$$$$$,84.7,88.4,88.7
110204011:!110204210
110204210:"data stop"
110204210:et
110204210:!+3s
110204213:tape
110204213/tape/off,07403,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110204213:postob
110204213:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
110204213:check2c2
110204252/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,33.,0.
110204252/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110204307:sx2c2=16
110204312/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,55.4,-0.3,0.4
110204313/decode/a,crc,pass
110204313:!110205025
110205025:tape
110205025/tape/off,07408,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110205025:st=rev,135
110205025:!110205030
110205030:preob
110205030/onsource/TRACKING
110205032/tpical/27350,30762,39169,36770,40654,$$$$$,32444,20692,39284
110205032/tpical/18998,22532,31814,0,34275,31338,11159
110205033:!110205040
110205040:tape
110205040/tape/off,07265,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110205040:"data start"
110205040:midob
110205040/onsource/TRACKING
110205040/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34270,8759
110205040/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26870
110205040/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27729
110205040/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24666
110205041/tpi/24049,26870,34688,32457,33765,$$$$$,27724,17578,34264
110205041/tpi/14814,17401,24625,0,26634,24598,8756
110205041/tsys1/60.8,60.9,68.6,67.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.3,49.3,61.3
110205041/tsys2/81.1,79.5,78.8,$$$$$$$$,81.0,84.3,83.9
110205041:!110205310
110205310:"data stop"
110205310:et
110205310:!+3s
110205313:tape
110205313/tape/off,05563,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110205313:postob
110205313:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110205313:sx2c2=16
110205318/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,55.4,-0.3,0.4
110205319/decode/a,crc,pass
110205319:!110205905
110205905:tape
110205905/tape/off,05563,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110205905:st=rev,135
110205905:!110205910
110205910:preob
110205910/onsource/TRACKING
110205912/tpical/27336,30612,39000,36647,41564,$$$$$,32847,20827,39977
110205912/tpical/16264,19406,27767,0,30528,27907,9827
110205912:!110205920
110205920:tape
110205920/tape/off,05420,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110205920:"data start"
110205920:midob
110205920/onsource/TRACKING
110205920/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34846,8094
110205920/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26754
110205920/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28059
110205920/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22971
110205921/tpi/24042,26754,34560,32390,34481,$$$$$,28034,17706,34846
110205921/tpi/13621,16087,23005,0,25105,23066,8119
110205921/tsys1/60.9,61.2,69.0,68.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.9,49.6,61.0
110205921/tsys2/117.8,113.6,110.9,$$$$$$$$,107.5,109.9,109.3
110205921:!110210050
110210050:"data stop"
110210050:et
110210050:!+3s
110210053:tape
110210053/tape/off,04394,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110210053:postob
110210053:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110210053:sx2c2=16
110210058/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,55.4,-0.3,0.4
110210059/decode/a,crc,pass
110210059:!110210945
110210945:tape
110210945/tape/off,04394,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110210945:st=rev,135
110210945:!110210950
110210950:preob
110210950/onsource/TRACKING
110210952/tpical/27182,30433,38808,36489,40489,$$$$$,32356,20560,38678
110210952/tpical/17182,20629,29315,0,32083,28784,10213
110210953:!110211000
110211000:tape
110211000/tape/off,04250,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110211000:"data start"
110211000:midob
110211000/onsource/TRACKING
110211000/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33867,8080
110211000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26798
110211000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27846
110211000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22909
110211001/tpi/24028,26798,34613,32397,34032,$$$$$,27868,17635,33876
110211001/tpi/13528,16127,22957,0,25281,22811,8087
110211001/tsys1/63.6,65.0,73.1,71.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.3,52.7,63.4
110211001/tsys2/84.6,83.9,82.9,$$$$$$$$,86.3,88.1,87.5
110211001:!110211130
110211130:"data stop"
110211130:et
110211130:!+3s
110211133:tape
110211133/tape/off,03224,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110211133:postob
110211133:source=1219+044,121949.3,042953.8,1950.0,neutral
110211133:sx2c2=16
110211138/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,55.4,-0.3,0.4
110211139/decode/a,crc,pass
110211139:!110211635
110211635:tape
110211635/tape/off,03224,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110211635:st=rev,135
110211635:!110211640
110211640:preob
110211640/onsource/TRACKING
110211642/tpical/26650,29848,38162,35873,40107,$$$$$,31888,20235,38353
110211642/tpical/18600,22074,31291,0,33374,30014,10887
110211643:!110211650
110211650:tape
110211650/tape/off,03080,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110211650:"data start"
110211650:midob
110211650/onsource/TRACKING
110211650/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33390,8557
110211650/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25985
110211650/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27251
110211650/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24323
110211651/tpi/23439,25985,33846,31743,33337,$$$$$,27240,17215,33381
110211651/tpi/14600,17145,24357,0,26012,23618,8578
110211651/tsys1/60.8,59.3,69.5,68.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.2,49.8,60.3
110211651/tsys2/83.6,81.5,80.8,$$$$$$$$,82.1,85.2,85.5
110211651:!110211950
110211950:"data stop"
110211950:et
110211950:!+3s
110211953:tape
110211953/tape/off,01041,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110211953:postob
110211953:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110211953:midtp
110211955/tpzero/1754,537,536,108,0,$$$$$,791,520,59
110211956/tpzero/373,49,531,0,302,428,173
110211959/hpib/T +1.2E-06
110212002/hpib/T +4E-07
110212005/hpib/T +5E-07
110212005:sx2c1=17
110212014/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,111.2,110.5,1.2,0.5
110212015/decode/a,crc,pass
110212015:fastr=0m42s
110212058:!+5s
110212103:!110212935
110212935:tape
110212935/tape/low,00110,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110212935:st=for,135
110212935:!110212940
110212940:preob
110212940/onsource/TRACKING
110212942/tpical/26627,29641,37902,35914,40187,$$$$$,32034,20380,38349
110212942/tpical/18268,21699,31018,0,33976,30580,10775
110212942:!110212950
110212950:tape
110212950/tape/off,00254,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110212950:"data start"
110212950:midob
110212950/onsource/TRACKING
110212950/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33322,8465
110212950/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25854
110212950/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27341
110212950/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24117
110212951/tpi/23411,25854,33608,31649,33366,$$$$$,27363,17321,33311
110212951/tpi/14279,16815,24087,0,26473,24035,8460
110212951/tsys1/60.6,60.2,69.3,66.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.2,49.4,59.4
110212951/tsys2/81.9,80.7,79.9,$$$$$$$$,82.0,84.8,84.1
110212951:!110213200
110213200:"data stop"
110213200:et
110213200:!+3s
110213203:tape
110213203/tape/off,01730,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110213203:postob
110213203:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
110213203:check2c1
110213242/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110213242/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110213257:sx2c1=17
110213302/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,110.4,109.7,0.4,-0.3
110213303/decode/a,crc,pass
110213303:!110213835
110213835:tape
110213835/tape/off,01725,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110213835:st=for,135
110213835:!110213840
110213840:preob
110213840/onsource/TRACKING
110213842/tpical/27074,30435,38893,36555,40023,$$$$$,32451,20419,39080
110213842/tpical/16975,20207,28756,0,31449,28575,10080
110213842:!110213850
110213850:tape
110213850/tape/off,01868,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110213850:"data start"
110213850:midob
110213850/onsource/TRACKING
110213850/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34102,7980
110213850/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26670
110213850/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27719
110213850/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22506
110213851/tpi/23840,26670,34436,32344,33289,$$$$$,27736,17384,34117
110213851/tpi/13437,15861,22594,0,24700,22705,8007
110213851/tsys1/61.5,62.5,68.5,68.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,61.8
110213851/tsys2/86.8,85.5,84.1,$$$$$$$$,85.0,89.2,88.8
110213851:!110214120
110214120:"data stop"
110214120:et
110214120:!+3s
110214123:tape
110214123/tape/off,03570,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110214123:postob
110214123:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110214123:sx2c1=17
110214128/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,110.4,110.5,0.4,0.5
110214129/decode/a,crc,pass
110214129:!110214535
110214535:tape
110214535/tape/off,03570,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110214535:st=for,135
110214535:!110214540
110214540:preob
110214540/onsource/TRACKING
110214542/tpical/27065,30393,38623,36368,40331,$$$$$,32239,20509,37970
110214542/tpical/17741,21164,30066,0,32909,29566,10488
110214543:!110214550
110214550:tape
110214550/tape/off,03713,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110214550:"data start"
110214550:midob
110214550/onsource/TRACKING
110214550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33168,8371
110214550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26708
110214550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27744
110214550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23717
110214551/tpi/23942,26708,34463,32327,33842,$$$$$,27728,17590,33152
110214551/tpi/14045,16639,23612,0,25943,23499,8348
110214551/tsys1/63.9,63.9,73.4,71.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.7,52.6,61.8
110214551/tsys2/86.9,86.2,84.0,$$$$$$$$,86.5,89.4,89.8
110214551:!110214720
110214720:"data stop"
110214720:et
110214720:!+3s
110214723:tape
110214723/tape/off,04740,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110214723:postob
110214723:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
110214723:sx2c1=17
110214728/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,111.2,110.5,1.2,0.5
110214729/decode/a,crc,pass
110214729:!110215415
110214947;track
110214947#antcn#PR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110214947#antcn#TR 17.7316 -3.8348 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110214947#antcn#OF 0.0005 0.0008 1998/111.00:49:45.50 0.0870 -0.0754
110214947#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110215041;clocks
110215044/hpib/T +6E-07
110215047/hpib/T +7E-07
110215050/hpib/T +8E-07
110215110;track
110215110#antcn#PR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110215110#antcn#TR 17.7316 -3.8348 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110215110#antcn#OF 0.0001 0.0006 1998/111.00:51:08.60 0.0870 -0.0754
110215110#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110215415:tape
110215415/tape/off,04740,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110215415:st=for,135
110215415:!110215420
110215420:preob
110215420/onsource/TRACKING
110215422/tpical/27519,31022,39478,37345,40540,$$$$$,33338,21050,38381
110215422/tpical/18600,22069,31316,0,33795,30965,10929
110215423:!110215430
110215430:tape
110215430/tape/off,04883,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110215430:"data start"
110215430:midob
110215430/onsource/TRACKING
110215430/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33473,8563
110215430/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27215
110215430/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28607
110215430/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24275
110215431/tpi/24267,27215,35041,33102,33881,$$$$$,28552,18013,33467
110215431/tpi/14499,17058,24286,0,26309,24377,8574
110215431/tsys1/62.3,63.1,70.0,70.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,51.8,61.2
110215431/tsys2/80.9,79.8,79.4,$$$$$$$$,81.6,85.4,83.8
110215431:!110215600
110215503;"wx/10,763,72
110215531;clochks
110215531?ERROR sp -4
110215541;clocks
110215544/hpib/T +1.2E-06
110215547/hpib/T +4E-07
110215550/hpib/T +5E-07
110215600:"data stop"
110215600:et
110215600:!+3s
110215600;track
110215600#antcn#PR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110215600#antcn#TR 17.7316 -3.8348 0.0000 0.0000 0.0870 -0.0754
110215600#antcn#OF 0.0003 0.0004 1998/111.00:55:58.40 0.0870 -0.0754
110215600#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110215603:tape
110215603/tape/off,05910,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110215603:postob
110215603:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110215603:sx2c1=17
110215608/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,111.2,110.5,1.2,0.5
110215609/decode/a,crc,pass
110215609:!110215925
110215727;track
110215727#antcn#PR 13.6265 -12.9493 0.0000 0.0000 0.0508 -0.0875
110215727#antcn#TR 13.6265 -12.9493 0.0000 0.0000 0.0508 -0.0875
110215727#antcn#OF 0.0010 0.0003 1998/111.00:57:26.00 0.0508 -0.0875
110215727#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110215925:tape
110215925/tape/off,05910,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110215925:st=for,135
110215925:!110215930
110215930:preob
110215930/onsource/TRACKING
110215932/tpical/26867,30058,38494,36314,40398,$$$$$,32352,20511,39191
110215933/tpical/18165,21366,30263,0,32696,29785,10596
110215933:!110215940
110215940:tape
110215940/tape/off,06053,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110215940:"data start"
110215940:midob
110215940/onsource/TRACKING
110215940/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34243,8440
110215940/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26258
110215940/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27640
110215940/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23854
110215941/tpi/23669,26258,34125,32062,33696,$$$$$,27641,17456,34227
110215941/tpi/14483,16828,23903,0,25739,23657,8454
110215941/tsys1/61.7,60.9,69.2,67.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.3,49.9,61.9
110215941/tsys2/90.1,86.9,86.4,$$$$$$$$,85.9,89.1,90.9
110215941:!110220110
110220110:"data stop"
110220110:et
110220110:!+3s
110220113:tape
110220113/tape/off,07080,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110220113:postob
110220113:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110220113:sx2c1=17
110220118/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,111.2,110.5,1.2,0.5
110220119/decode/a,crc,pass
110220119:!110220345
110220345:tape
110220345/tape/off,07080,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110220345:st=for,135
110220345:!110220350
110220350:preob
110220350/onsource/TRACKING
110220352/tpical/27374,30553,39228,37133,41798,$$$$$,33403,21174,40195
110220352/tpical/18374,21903,31211,0,34103,30877,10843
110220352:!110220400
110220400:tape
110220400/tape/off,07223,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110220400:"data start"
110220400:midob
110220400/onsource/TRACKING
110220400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35213,8593
110220400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26761
110220400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28694
110220400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24515
110220401/tpi/24207,26761,34810,33015,35087,$$$$$,28710,18134,35205
110220401/tpi/14529,17185,24520,0,26895,24503,8601
110220401/tsys1/63.8,62.2,69.8,71.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.5,52.1,63.4
110220401/tsys2/86.5,85.4,84.3,$$$$$$$$,86.7,88.8,88.3
110220401:!110220530
110220530:"data stop"
110220530:et
110220530:!+3s
110220533:tape
110220533/tape/off,08250,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110220533:postob
110220533:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
110220533:midtp
110220535/tpzero/1754,534,534,108,0,$$$$$,789,519,63
110220536/tpzero/376,48,528,0,306,428,178
110220539/hpib/T +7E-07
110220542/hpib/T +8E-07
110220545/hpib/T +9E-07
110220545:sx2c2=18
110220556/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,111.1,109.7,1.1,-0.3
110220557/decode/a,crc,pass
110220557:fastf=0m29s
110220626:!+5s
110220631:!110221345
110221345:tape
110221345/tape/off,08888,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110221345:st=rev,135
110221345:!110221350
110221350:preob
110221350/onsource/TRACKING
110221352/tpical/26583,29600,37874,35974,40136,$$$$$,31805,20344,38124
110221352/tpical/17528,20883,29954,0,33008,29842,10384
110221353:!110221400
110221400:tape
110221400/tape/off,08744,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110221400:"data start"
110221400:midob
110221400/onsource/TRACKING
110221400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33231,8306
110221400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25796
110221400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27250
110221400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23735
110221401/tpi/23320,25796,33470,31727,33408,$$$$$,27209,17363,33231
110221401/tpi/14601,17179,24639,0,26999,24484,8621
110221401/tsys1/59.5,59.8,67.3,67.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.7,50.9,61.0
110221401/tsys2/114.2,108.7,106.6,$$$$$$$$,104.4,105.5,112.5
110221401:!110221610
110221610:"data stop"
110221610:et
110221610:!+3s
110221613:tape
110221613/tape/off,07268,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110221613:postob
110221613:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110221613:check2c2
110221652/parity/0.,0.,0.,16.,0.,16.,0.
110221652/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110221707:sx2c2=18
110221712/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,109.5,109.7,-0.5,-0.3
110221713/decode/a,crc,pass
110221713:!110221845
110221845:tape
110221845/tape/off,07273,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110221845:st=rev,135
110221845:!110221850
110221850:preob
110221850/onsource/TRACKING
110221852/tpical/26985,30245,38197,36250,39062,$$$$$,31850,20235,36796
110221852/tpical/18205,21679,30865,0,33432,29788,10715
110221852:!110221900
110221900:tape
110221900/tape/off,07129,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110221900:"data start"
110221900:midob
110221900/onsource/TRACKING
110221900/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32142,8621
110221900/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26733
110221900/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27426
110221900/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24564
110221901/tpi/23974,26733,34118,32280,32771,$$$$$,27435,17400,32126
110221901/tpi/14517,17128,24419,0,26550,23773,8575
110221901/tsys1/66.4,67.1,74.1,72.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.3,53.6,61.8
110221901/tsys2/90.1,88.2,87.1,$$$$$$$$,89.6,91.2,92.2
110221901:!110222030
110222030:"data stop"
110222030:et
110222030:!+3s
110222033:tape
110222033/tape/off,06103,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110222033:postob
110222033:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
110222033:sx2c2=18
110222038/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,109.5,109.7,-0.5,-0.3
110222039/decode/a,crc,pass
110222039:!110222655
110222655:tape
110222655/tape/off,06103,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110222655:st=rev,135
110222655:!110222700
110222700:preob
110222700/onsource/TRACKING
110222702/tpical/27229,30746,39057,37039,39768,$$$$$,32524,20590,38750
110222702/tpical/18658,22193,31471,0,34238,31270,10999
110222702:!110222710
110222710:tape
110222710/tape/off,05959,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110222710:"data start"
110222710:midob
110222710/onsource/TRACKING
110222710/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34161,8760
110222710/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27139
110222710/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28079
110222710/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24789
110222711/tpi/24191,27139,35005,33053,33570,$$$$$,28112,17746,34179
110222711/tpi/14835,17505,24894,0,27165,24979,8785
110222711/tsys1/66.5,66.4,76.6,74.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.7,54.5,67.2
110222711/tsys2/88.9,87.5,87.1,$$$$$$$$,89.2,91.7,91.4
110222711:!110222910
110222910:"data stop"
110222910:et
110222910:!+3s
110222913:tape
110222913/tape/off,04596,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110222913:postob
110222913:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110222913:sx2c2=18
110222918/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,109.5,109.7,-0.5,-0.3
110222919/decode/a,crc,pass
110222919:!110223355
110223355:tape
110223355/tape/off,04596,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110223355:st=rev,135
110223355:!110223400
110223400:preob
110223400/onsource/TRACKING
110223402/tpical/26479,29512,37808,35835,40025,$$$$$,32034,20338,38246
110223403/tpical/17447,20639,29324,0,31763,29023,10211
110223403:!110223410
110223410:tape
110223410/tape/off,04452,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110223410:"data start"
110223410:midob
110223410/onsource/TRACKING
110223410/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33372,8155
110223410/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25800
110223410/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27378
110223410/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23085
110223411/tpi/23361,25800,33593,31685,33375,$$$$$,27383,17321,33396
110223411/tpi/13961,16294,23249,0,25112,23085,8213
110223411/tsys1/62.4,61.3,70.6,68.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.5,50.1,61.9
110223411/tsys2/91.6,87.9,87.9,$$$$$$$$,87.6,89.7,94.5
110223411:!110223540
110223540:"data stop"
110223540:et
110223540:!+3s
110223543:tape
110223543/tape/off,03425,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110223543:postob
110223543:source=oj287,085157.2,201758.6,1950.0,neutral
110223543:sx2c2=18
110223548/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,109.5,109.7,-0.5,-0.3
110223549/decode/a,crc,pass
110223549:!110223815
110223815:tape
110223815/tape/off,03425,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110223815:st=rev,135
110223815:!110223820
110223820:preob
110223820/onsource/TRACKING
110223822/tpical/28530,31838,40728,38967,43674,$$$$$,35098,22193,41974
110223823/tpical/18968,22787,32663,0,35590,32179,11215
110223823:!110223830
110223830:tape
110223830/tape/off,03282,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110223830:"data start"
110223830:midob
110223830/onsource/TRACKING
110223830/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,37095,9014
110223830/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28137
110223830/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30461
110223830/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26004
110223831/tpi/25336,28137,36442,34813,37058,$$$$$,30457,19228,37099
110223831/tpi/15176,18086,26040,0,28427,26001,9014
110223831/tsys1/66.4,67.1,75.4,75.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.5,56.8,68.4
110223831/tsys2/91.7,90.2,90.5,$$$$$$$$,92.3,97.3,94.3
110223831:!110224000
110224000:"data stop"
110224000:et
110224000:!+3s
110224003:tape
110224003/tape/off,02255,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110224003:postob
110224003:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,cw
110224003:sx2c2=18
110224008/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,109.5,109.7,-0.5,-0.3
110224009/decode/a,crc,pass
110224009:!110224515
110224104;"wx/10,764,64
110224123;clocks
110224126/hpib/T +7E-07
110224129/hpib/T +9E-07
110224132/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110224148;track
110224149?ERROR an -103
110224149#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224149#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224149#antcn#OF 175.6417 0.0008 1998/111.01:41:46.90 0.1100 -0.0629
110224149#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110224215;track
110224215?ERROR an -103
110224215#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224215#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224215#antcn#OF 150.9575 0.0005 1998/111.01:42:13.80 0.1100 -0.0629
110224215#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110224244;track
110224245?ERROR an -103
110224245#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224245#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224245#antcn#OF 124.0760 0.0000 1998/111.01:42:43.00 0.1100 -0.0629
110224245#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110224344;track
110224344?ERROR an -103
110224344#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224344#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224344#antcn#OF 69.4063 0.0002 1998/111.01:43:42.30 0.1100 -0.0629
110224344#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110224430;track
110224430?ERROR an -103
110224430#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224430#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224430#antcn#OF 27.0644 0.0007 1998/111.01:44:28.30 0.1100 -0.0629
110224430#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110224513;track
110224513#antcn#PR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224513#antcn#TR 1.0436 58.3909 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 -0.0629
110224513#antcn#OF 0.0000 0.0007 1998/111.01:45:11.20 0.1100 -0.0629
110224513#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110224515:tape
110224515/tape/off,02255,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110224515:st=rev,135
110224515:!110224520
110224520:preob
110224520/onsource/TRACKING
110224522/tpical/29504,33286,41666,40512,43597,$$$$$,35688,22477,40080
110224523/tpical/19387,23143,33182,0,38021,34815,11596
110224523:!110224530
110224530:tape
110224530/tape/off,02112,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110224530:"data start"
110224530:midob
110224530/onsource/TRACKING
110224530/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,35151,9309
110224530/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29665
110224530/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31203
110224530/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26636
110224531/tpi/26422,29665,37437,36354,37096,$$$$$,31266,19617,35183
110224531/tpi/15536,18410,26532,0,30398,28107,9274
110224531/tsys1/72.0,72.4,78.5,78.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,62.0,60.1,64.5
110224531/tsys2/92.5,91.2,91.9,$$$$$$$$,92.8,97.0,92.1
110224531:!110224700
110224700:"data stop"
110224700:et
110224700:!+3s
110224703:tape
110224703/tape/off,01085,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110224703:postob
110224703:source=1219+044,121949.3,042953.8,1950.0,neutral
110224703:midtp
110224706/tpzero/1753,537,534,112,0,$$$$$,794,521,64
110224706/tpzero/376,49,530,0,303,429,174
110224709/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110224712/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110224715/hpib/T +1.2E-06
110224715:sx2c1=19
110224725/pass/19,19,auto,165.0,165.0,166.8,165.6,1.8,0.6
110224726/decode/a,crc,pass
110224726:fastr=0m44s
110224810:!+5s
110224815:!110225825
110225825:tape
110225825/tape/low,00110,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110225825:st=for,135
110225825:!110225830
110225830:preob
110225830/onsource/TRACKING
110225832/tpical/26202,29221,37389,35429,39818,$$$$$,31322,19776,38205
110225833/tpical/17137,20327,28947,0,31988,28992,10023
110225833:!110225840
110225840:tape
110225840/tape/off,00254,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110225840:"data start"
110225840:midob
110225840/onsource/TRACKING
110225840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33333,7980
110225840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25517
110225840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26779
110225840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22545
110225841/tpi/23033,25517,33105,31342,33183,$$$$$,26775,16841,33336
110225841/tpi/13405,15725,22483,0,24852,22755,7951
110225841/tsys1/60.4,60.7,68.4,68.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.4,50.0,61.5
110225841/tsys2/82.0,80.0,79.8,$$$$$$$$,80.8,84.1,88.2
110225841:!110230610
110230610:"data stop"
110230610:et
110230610:!+3s
110230613:tape
110230613/tape/off,05331,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110230613:postob
110230613:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110230613:check2c1
110230652/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110230652/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110230707:sx2c1=19
110230712/pass/19,19,auto,165.0,165.0,165.2,165.6,0.2,0.6
110230713/decode/a,crc,pass
110230713:!110231225
110231225:tape
110231225/tape/off,05327,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110231225:st=for,135
110231225:!110231230
110231230:preob
110231230/onsource/TRACKING
110231232/tpical/26389,29401,37656,35723,39714,$$$$$,31511,19936,38122
110231232/tpical/19335,20742,29516,0,32276,29238,10316
110231233:!110231240
110231240:tape
110231240/tape/off,05471,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110231240:"data start"
110231240:midob
110231240/onsource/TRACKING
110231240/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33264,8147
110231240/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25663
110231240/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26920
110231240/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23011
110231241/tpi/23219,25663,33358,31615,33145,$$$$$,26943,16998,33264
110231241/tpi/15482,16069,22961,0,25165,22963,8127
110231241/tsys1/60.9,60.5,68.7,69.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.5,50.5,61.5
110231241/tsys2/92.1,80.6,80.4,$$$$$$$$,82.2,84.4,85.4
110231241:!110231410
110231410:"data stop"
110231410:et
110231410:!+3s
110231413:tape
110231413/tape/off,06497,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110231413:postob
110231413:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
110231413:sx2c1=19
110231418/pass/19,19,auto,165.0,165.0,165.2,165.6,0.2,0.6
110231419/decode/a,crc,pass
110231419:!110231555
110231555:tape
110231555/tape/off,06497,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110231555:st=for,135
110231555:!110231600
110231600:preob
110231600/onsource/TRACKING
110231602/tpical/26714,29951,38341,36311,39847,$$$$$,31585,20058,38184
110231602/tpical/17452,20843,29613,0,32875,29579,10324
110231603:!110231610
110231610:tape
110231610/tape/off,06641,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110231610:"data start"
110231610:midob
110231610/onsource/TRACKING
110231610/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33369,8379
110231610/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26261
110231610/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27194
110231610/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23802
110231611/tpi/23621,26261,34121,32258,33382,$$$$$,27118,17184,33370
110231611/tpi/14106,16693,23786,0,26374,23924,8373
110231611/tsys1/63.6,62.7,71.6,71.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.0,52.2,62.3
110231611/tsys2/96.4,94.2,93.8,$$$$$$$$,94.2,97.6,98.8
110231611:!110231830
110231830:"data stop"
110231830:et
110231830:!+3s
110231833:tape
110231833/tape/off,08229,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110231833:postob
110231833:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
110231833:midtp
110231836/tpzero/1753,541,534,111,0,$$$$$,791,521,61
110231836/tpzero/378,49,527,0,301,433,175
110231839/hpib/T +4E-07
110231842/hpib/T +5E-07
110231845/hpib/T +7E-07
110231845:sx2c2=20
110231856/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110231857/decode/a,crc,pass
110231857:fastf=0m32s
110231929:!+5s
110231934:!110232015
110232015:tape
110232015/tape/off,08936,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110232015:st=rev,135
110232015:!110232020
110232016;"'/10,764,73
110232020:preob
110232020/onsource/TRACKING
110232023/tpical/26398,29454,37779,35782,39580,$$$$$,31390,19930,38066
110232023/tpical/17559,20839,29730,0,32644,29471,10357
110232023:!110232030
110232030:tape
110232030/tape/off,08792,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110232030:"data start"
110232030:midob
110232030/onsource/TRACKING
110232030/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33282,8245
110232030/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25766
110232030/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26839
110232030/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23400
110232031/tpi/23251,25766,33505,31702,33031,$$$$$,26884,17030,33283
110232031/tpi/13848,16322,23281,0,25652,23340,8208
110232031/tsys1/61.5,61.6,69.4,69.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.1,51.2,62.5
110232031/tsys2/85.3,84.7,82.9,$$$$$$$$,85.2,87.8,87.8
110232031:!110232200
110232103;"wx/10,764,73
110232115;clocks
110232118/hpib/T +9E-07
110232121/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110232124/hpib/T +1.1E-06
110232134;track
110232134#antcn#PR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0787 -0.0904
110232134#antcn#TR 17.7316 -3.8348 0.0000 0.0000 0.0787 -0.0904
110232134#antcn#OF 0.0003 0.0006 1998/111.02:21:32.50 0.0787 -0.0904
110232134#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
110232200:"data stop"
110232200:et
110232200:!+3s
110232203:tape
110232203/tape/off,07766,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110232203:postob
110232203:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
110232203:check2c2
110232242/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
110232242/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
110232257:sx2c2=20
110232302/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110232303/decode/a,crc,pass
110232303:!110232955
110232328;"/sky is clean
110232422;track
110232422#antcn#PR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.0816 -0.0895
110232422#antcn#TR 13.1735 32.3545 0.0000 0.0000 0.0816 -0.0895
110232422#antcn#OF 0.0002 0.0009 1998/111.02:24:20.50 0.0816 -0.0895
110232422#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
110232955:tape
110232955/tape/off,07771,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110232955:st=rev,135
110232955:!110233000
110233000:preob
110233000/onsource/TRACKING
110233002/tpical/26524,29761,37499,35534,38921,$$$$$,30937,19730,35701
110233003/tpical/17042,20295,29008,0,32021,28868,10074
110233003:!110233010
110233010:tape
110233010/tape/off,07627,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110233010:"data start"
110233010:midob
110233010/onsource/TRACKING
110233010/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31040,7984
110233010/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26156
110233010/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26614
110233010/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22701
110233011/tpi/23494,26156,33295,31547,32508,$$$$$,26535,16919,31041
110233011/tpi/13314,15698,22506,0,24988,22687,7919
110233011/tsys1/64.6,63.9,70.1,71.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.6,52.5,59.8
110233011/tsys2/81.5,80.0,79.4,$$$$$$$$,82.5,84.6,84.4
110233011:!110233140
110233140:"data stop"
110233140:et
110233140:!+3s
110233143:tape
110233143/tape/off,06601,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110233143:postob
110233143:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,cw
110233143:sx2c2=20
110233148/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110233149/decode/a,crc,pass
110233149:!110233435
110233435:tape
110233435/tape/off,06601,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110233435:st=rev,135
110233435:!110233440
110233440:preob
110233440/onsource/TRACKING
110233442/tpical/25663,28672,36487,35045,38259,$$$$$,29949,19387,36093
110233443/tpical/17498,20882,29830,0,33687,30217,10421
110233443:!110233450
110233450:tape
110233450/tape/off,06457,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110233450:"data start"
110233450:midob
110233450/onsource/TRACKING
110233450/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31289,8068
110233450/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25016
110233450/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25483
110233450/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22866
110233451/tpi/22582,25016,32258,30913,31732,$$$$$,25472,16501,31270
110233451/tpi/13275,15719,22518,0,25646,23243,7958
110233451/tsys1/60.8,60.3,67.5,67.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,49.6,49.8,58.2
110233451/tsys2/71.8,71.3,70.7,$$$$$$$$,74.1,76.9,74.3
110233451:!110233650
110233650:"data stop"
110233650:et
110233650:!+3s
110233653:tape
110233653/tape/off,05093,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110233653:postob
110233653:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
110233653:sx2c2=20
110233658/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110233659/decode/a,crc,pass
110233659:!110234805
110234805:tape
110234805/tape/off,05093,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110234805:st=rev,135
110234805:!110234810
110234810:preob
110234810/onsource/TRACKING
110234812/tpical/26449,29494,37804,35706,39558,$$$$$,31883,20261,37350
110234812/tpical/20097,23414,33142,0,35019,31624,11489
110234813:!110234820
110234820:tape
110234820/tape/off,04950,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110234820:"data start"
110234820:midob
110234820/onsource/TRACKING
110234820/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32578,8917
110234820/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25824
110234820/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27265
110234820/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25438
110234821/tpi/23312,25824,33481,31615,33050,$$$$$,27279,17329,32582
110234821/tpi/15710,18074,25697,0,27216,24818,8988
110234821/tsys1/61.9,62.0,68.6,69.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,51.6,61.4
110234821/tsys2/82.1,79.3,79.4,$$$$$$$$,81.1,84.2,82.8
110234821:!110234950
110234950:"data stop"
110234950:et
110234950:!+3s
110234953:tape
110234953/tape/off,03923,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110234953:postob
110234953:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
110234953:sx2c2=20
110234958/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110234959/decode/a,crc,pass
110234959:!110235155
110235155:tape
110235155/tape/off,03923,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110235155:st=rev,135
110235155:!110235200
110235200:preob
110235200/onsource/TRACKING
110235202/tpical/26358,29448,37790,35690,39178,$$$$$,31434,19959,38215
110235202/tpical/17241,20461,29126,0,31495,28671,10141
110235202:!110235210
110235210:tape
110235210/tape/off,03780,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110235210:"data start"
110235210:midob
110235210/onsource/TRACKING
110235210/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33403,8155
110235210/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25746
110235210/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26882
110235210/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23146
110235211/tpi/23205,25746,33464,31521,32658,$$$$$,26833,17004,33397
110235211/tpi/13728,16148,23016,0,24969,22869,8107
110235211/tsys1/61.2,61.3,68.5,67.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.9,50.2,62.3
110235211/tsys2/89.3,87.7,86.5,$$$$$$$$,88.8,90.9,91.6
110235211:!110235340
110235340:"data stop"
110235340:et
110235340:!+3s
110235343:tape
110235343/tape/off,02753,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110235343:postob
110235343:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
110235343:sx2c2=20
110235348/pass/20,20,auto,165.0,165.0,165.1,164.7,0.1,-0.3
110235349/decode/a,crc,pass
110235349:!110235545
110235545:tape
110235545/tape/off,02753,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110235545:st=rev,135
110235545:!110235550
110235550:preob
110235550/onsource/TRACKING
110235552/tpical/26908,30155,38048,35861,38839,$$$$$,31556,20082,35894
110235553/tpical/17176,20454,29138,0,31735,28757,10222
110235553:!110235600
110235600:tape
110235600/tape/off,02610,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
110235600:"data start"
110235600:midob
110235600/onsource/TRACKING
110235600/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31215,8183
110235600/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26546
110235600/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27116
110235600/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23310
110235601/tpi/23855,26546,33812,31862,32422,$$$$$,27149,17237,31232
110235601/tpi/14041,16532,23623,0,25645,23390,8299
110235601/tsys1/65.2,64.9,70.7,71.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.8,52.9,60.2
110235601/tsys2/102.4,98.8,98.4,$$$$$$$$,97.8,100.5,99.3
110235601:!110235820
110235820:"data stop"
110235820:et
110235820:!+3s
110235823:tape
110235823/tape/off,01021,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
110235823:postob
110235823:source=1219+044,121949.3,042953.8,1950.0,neutral
110235823:midtp
110235826/tpzero/1753,541,535,113,0,$$$$$,793,521,63
110235826/tpzero/377,54,528,0,302,431,173
110235829/hpib/T +9E-07
110235832/hpib/T +1.0E-06
110235835/hpib/T +3.9E-06
110235835:sx2c1=21
110235845/pass/21,21,auto,220.0,220.0,220.8,220.6,0.8,0.6
110235846/decode/a,crc,pass
110235846:fastr=0m40s
110235926:!+5s
110235931:!111000035
111000035:tape
111000035/tape/off,00135,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111000035:st=for,135
111000035:!111000040
111000040:preob
111000040/onsource/TRACKING
111000042/tpical/26671,29767,37638,35613,39572,$$$$$,31678,20330,36335
111000042/tpical/18511,21930,31254,0,33471,30427,10873
111000043:!111000050
111000050:tape
111000050/tape/off,00279,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111000050:"data start"
111000050:midob
111000050/onsource/TRACKING
111000050/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31489,8691
111000050/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26070
111000050/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27066
111000050/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24700
111000051/tpi/23535,26070,33384,31494,32998,$$$$$,27133,17327,31517
111000051/tpi/14994,17581,25104,0,26814,24517,8821
111000051/tsys1/62.5,62.1,69.5,68.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,50.4,58.8
111000051/tsys2/97.7,94.7,93.9,$$$$$$$$,93.6,95.8,99.0
111000051:!111000830
111000830:"data stop"
111000830:et
111000830:!+3s
111000833:tape
111000833/tape/off,05468,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111000833:postob
111000833:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
111000833:check2c1
111000912/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111000912/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111000927:sx2c1=21
111000932/pass/21,21,auto,220.0,220.0,220.0,220.6,0.0,0.6
111000933/decode/a,crc,pass
111000933:!111001345
111001345:tape
111001345/tape/off,05463,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111001345:st=for,135
111001345:!111001350
111001350:preob
111001350/onsource/TRACKING
111001352/tpical/26306,29445,37220,35153,38735,$$$$$,31005,19797,35498
111001352/tpical/18918,22415,31780,0,34008,30715,11035
111001352:!111001400
111001400:tape
111001400/tape/off,05606,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111001400:"data start"
111001400:midob
111001400/onsource/TRACKING
111001400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30712,8661
111001400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25797
111001400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26442
111001400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24664
111001401/tpi/23233,25797,32906,31065,32185,$$$$$,26377,16899,30721
111001401/tpi/14789,17320,24674,0,26523,24154,8666
111001401/tsys1/62.9,62.3,67.5,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,49.8,50.9,57.8
111001401/tsys2/82.0,79.6,79.9,$$$$$$$$,82.3,85.0,84.2
111001401:!111001530
111001530:"data stop"
111001530:et
111001530:!+3s
111001533:tape
111001533/tape/off,06633,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111001533:postob
111001533:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,cw
111001533:sx2c1=21
111001538/pass/21,21,auto,220.0,220.0,220.0,220.6,0.0,0.6
111001539/decode/a,crc,pass
111001539:!111002135
111002135:tape
111002135/tape/off,06633,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111002135:st=for,135
111002135:!111002140
111002140:preob
111002140/onsource/TRACKING
111002142/tpical/26527,29637,37957,36408,39221,$$$$$,31409,20048,38432
111002143/tpical/22000,26014,36601,0,39641,35949,12741
111002143:!111002150
111002150:tape
111002150/tape/off,06776,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111002150:"data start"
111002150:midob
111002150/onsource/TRACKING
111002150/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33695,10156
111002150/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25961
111002150/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27197
111002150/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28955
111002151/tpi/23443,25961,33711,32319,32894,$$$$$,27125,17141,33702
111002151/tpi/17514,20513,28891,0,31391,28718,10150
111002151/tsys1/63.3,62.2,70.3,70.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.3,51.5,64.0
111002151/tsys2/89.8,87.4,86.5,$$$$$$$$,88.6,91.9,90.5
111002151:!111002320
111002320:"data stop"
111002320:et
111002320:!+3s
111002323:tape
111002323/tape/off,07802,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111002323:postob
111002323:source=1334-127,133500.0,-124209.7,1950.0,neutral
111002323:midtp
111002326/tpzero/1754,542,534,110,0,$$$$$,786,523,63
111002326/tpzero/377,50,525,0,299,429,173
111002329/hpib/T +4E-07
111002332/hpib/T +4.5E-06
111002335/hpib/T +7E-07
111002335:sx2c2=22
111002345/pass/22,22,auto,220.0,220.0,219.1,219.7,-0.9,-0.3
111002346/decode/a,crc,pass
111002346:fastf=0m52s
111002439:!+5s
111002444:!111002725
111002725:tape
111002725/tape/off,08959,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111002725:st=rev,135
111002725:!111002730
111002730:preob
111002730/onsource/TRACKING
111002732/tpical/26609,29579,37949,36268,40179,$$$$$,31743,20349,37911
111002732/tpical/23216,27332,38428,0,40197,36018,13265
111002732:!111002740
111002740:tape
111002740/tape/off,08816,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111002740:"data start"
111002740:midob
111002740/onsource/TRACKING
111002740/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,33202,10510
111002740/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25956
111002740/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27235
111002740/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30191
111002741/tpi/23485,25956,33712,32137,33668,$$$$$,27223,17432,33147
111002741/tpi/18266,21323,30070,0,31567,28570,10467
111002741/tsys1/62.6,63.1,70.5,69.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.6,52.2,62.5
111002741/tsys2/84.9,83.2,83.1,$$$$$$$$,85.1,88.8,86.5
111002741:!111002910
111002910:"data stop"
111002910:et
111002910:!+3s
111002913:tape
111002913/tape/off,07790,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111002913:postob
111002913:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111002913:check2c2
111002952/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111002952/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111003007:sx2c2=22
111003012/pass/22,22,auto,220.0,220.0,219.1,219.7,-0.9,-0.3
111003013/decode/a,crc,pass
111003013:!111003115
111003115:tape
111003115/tape/off,07795,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111003115:st=rev,135
111003115:!111003120
111003120:preob
111003120/onsource/TRACKING
111003122/tpical/26166,29249,37436,35697,38812,$$$$$,30673,19805,37077
111003123/tpical/23144,26978,37813,0,39590,35349,13125
111003123:!111003130
111003130:tape
111003130/tape/off,07651,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111003130:"data start"
111003130:midob
111003130/onsource/TRACKING
111003130/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32241,10537
111003130/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25538
111003130/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26245
111003130/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30107
111003131/tpi/23038,25538,33200,31545,32357,$$$$$,26338,16860,32223
111003131/tpi/18556,21517,30110,0,31530,28371,10551
111003131/tsys1/61.2,60.6,69.4,68.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.0,49.9,59.6
111003131/tsys2/93.1,92.4,90.3,$$$$$$$$,91.1,94.1,94.7
111003131:!111003300
111003300:"data stop"
111003300:et
111003300:!+3s
111003303:tape
111003303/tape/off,06625,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111003303:postob
111003303:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111003303:sx2c2=22
111003308/pass/22,22,auto,220.0,220.0,219.1,219.7,-0.9,-0.3
111003309/decode/a,crc,pass
111003309:!111003445
111003445:tape
111003445/tape/off,06625,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111003445:st=rev,135
111003445:!111003450
111003450:preob
111003450/onsource/TRACKING
111003452/tpical/26419,29589,37497,35723,38561,$$$$$,30588,19735,36038
111003452/tpical/23909,28068,39307,0,40863,36333,13624
111003453:!111003500
111003500:tape
111003500/tape/off,06481,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111003500:"data start"
111003500:midob
111003500/onsource/TRACKING
111003500/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31327,10646
111003500/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25989
111003500/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26111
111003500/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30424
111003501/tpi/23387,25989,33389,31666,32268,$$$$$,26048,16873,31328
111003501/tpi/18699,21838,30631,0,31943,28610,10709
111003501/tsys1/64.2,63.6,72.0,70.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.1,51.4,59.7
111003501/tsys2/82.6,82.2,81.5,$$$$$$$$,83.4,85.8,84.9
111003501:!111003720
111003720:"data stop"
111003720:et
111003720:!+3s
111003723:tape
111003723/tape/off,04892,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111003723:postob
111003723:source=1044+719,104449.7,715927.3,1950.0,cw
111003723:midtp
111003725/tpzero/1747,541,530,108,0,$$$$$,791,513,61
111003726/tpzero/377,43,525,0,302,425,173
111003729/hpib/T +7E-07
111003732/hpib/T +9E-07
111003735/hpib/T +1.0E-06
111003735:sx2c1=23
111003745/pass/23,23,auto,275.0,275.0,274.8,275.6,-0.2,0.6
111003746/decode/a,crc,pass
111003746:fastr=3m32s
111004118:!+5s
111004123:!111005435
111005435:tape
111005435/tape/off,00136,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111005435:st=for,135
111005435:!111005440
111005440:preob
111005440?ERROR an -103
111005440?ERROR qo -301
111005440/onsource/SLEWING
111005442/tpical/25576,28494,36486,35577,39220,$$$$$,29194,19286,36806
111005443/tpical/23075,27053,38368,0,43446,39147,13523
111005443:!111005450
111005450:tape
111005450/tape/off,00279,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111005450:"data start"
111005450:midob
111005450?ERROR an -103
111005450?ERROR qo -301
111005450/onsource/SLEWING
111005450/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31935,10464
111005450/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24821
111005450/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24710
111005450/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29433
111005451/tpi/22455,24821,32254,31356,32468,$$$$$,24580,16383,31967
111005451/tpi/17991,20937,29639,0,33686,30665,10544
111005451/tsys1/59.7,59.5,67.5,66.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,46.4,49.2,59.3
111005451/tsys2/81.4,80.3,78.4,$$$$$$$$,80.4,83.8,81.8
111005451:!111010500
111010500:"data stop"
111010500:et
111010500:!+3s
111010503:tape
111010503/tape/off,07156,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111010503:postob
111010503:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
111010503:check2c1
111010542/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111010542/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111010557:sx2c1=23
111010602/pass/23,23,auto,275.0,275.0,275.7,275.6,0.7,0.6
111010603/decode/a,crc,pass
111010603:!111011035
111011035:tape
111011035/tape/off,07151,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111011035:st=for,135
111011035:!111011040
111011040:preob
111011040?ERROR an -103
111011040?ERROR qo -301
111011040/onsource/SLEWING
111011042/tpical/25558,28405,36447,35564,39219,$$$$$,29375,19239,36682
111011043/tpical/24248,28444,39952,0,45017,40436,14028
111011043:!111011050
111011050:tape
111011050/tape/off,07295,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111011050:"data start"
111011050:midob
111011050?ERROR an -103
111011050?ERROR qo -301
111011050/onsource/SLEWING
111011050/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31762,11080
111011050/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24740
111011050/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25153
111011050/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31159
111011051/tpi/22427,24740,32185,31371,32452,$$$$$,25135,16323,31768
111011051/tpi/19011,22063,31095,0,35113,31843,11067
111011051/tsys1/59.4,59.4,66.8,67.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.7,48.8,58.1
111011051/tsys2/83.6,81.1,81.1,$$$$$$$$,82.6,85.9,86.5
111011051:!111011220
111011220:"data stop"
111011220:et
111011220:!+3s
111011223:tape
111011223/tape/off,08321,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111011223:postob
111011223:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111011223:midtp
111011226/tpzero/1755,541,536,109,0,$$$$$,793,520,65
111011226/tpzero/378,49,524,0,302,427,175
111011229/hpib/T +3E-07
111011232/hpib/T +4E-07
111011235/hpib/T +4E-07
111011235:sx2c2=24
111011245/pass/24,24,auto,275.0,275.0,274.8,274.8,-0.2,-0.2
111011246/decode/a,crc,pass
111011246:fastf=0m29s
111011316:!+5s
111011321:!111012025
111012025:tape
111012025/tape/off,08960,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111012025:st=rev,135
111012025:!111012030
111012030:preob
111012030?ERROR an -103
111012030?ERROR qo -301
111012030/onsource/SLEWING
111012032/tpical/25585,28510,36394,35546,39147,$$$$$,29666,19171,36081
111012032/tpical/23639,27702,39039,0,44146,39775,13770
111012032:!111012040
111012040:tape
111012040/tape/off,08817,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111012040:"data start"
111012040:midob
111012040?ERROR an -103
111012040?ERROR qo -301
111012040/onsource/SLEWING
111012040/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31238,10843
111012040/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24866
111012040/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25325
111012040/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30504
111012041/tpi/22517,24866,32148,31379,32414,$$$$$,25160,16333,31253
111012041/tpi/18618,21586,30557,0,34668,31472,10874
111012041/tsys1/60.9,60.1,67.0,67.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,48.7,50.1,58.1
111012041/tsys2/85.4,82.8,83.2,$$$$$$$$,85.2,87.9,86.8
111012041:!111012210
111012210:"data stop"
111012210:et
111012210:!+3s
111012213:tape
111012213/tape/off,07790,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111012213:postob
111012213:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111012213:check2c2
111012252/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111012252/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111012307:sx2c2=24
111012312/pass/24,24,auto,275.0,275.0,273.9,274.8,-1.1,-0.2
111012313/decode/a,crc,pass
111012313:!111012355
111012355:tape
111012355/tape/off,07795,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111012355:st=rev,135
111012355:!111012400
111012400:preob
111012400?ERROR an -103
111012400?ERROR qo -301
111012400/onsource/SLEWING
111012402/tpical/25668,28648,36432,35578,39010,$$$$$,29189,19221,36013
111012402/tpical/23574,27693,39030,0,44187,39734,13756
111012403:!111012410
111012410:tape
111012410/tape/off,07652,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111012410:"data start"
111012410:midob
111012410?ERROR an -103
111012410?ERROR qo -301
111012410/onsource/SLEWING
111012410/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31107,10863
111012410/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24951
111012410/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24775
111012410/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30520
111012411/tpi/22558,24951,32231,31423,32417,$$$$$,24988,16319,31111
111012411/tpi/18591,21596,30487,0,34600,31405,10855
111012411/tsys1/60.2,59.4,67.9,67.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,49.0,57.0
111012411/tsys2/85.9,83.0,82.4,$$$$$$$$,84.1,87.4,86.5
111012411:!111012630
111012630:"data stop"
111012630:et
111012630:!+3s
111012633:tape
111012633/tape/off,06063,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111012633:postob
111012633:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111012633:sx2c2=24
111012638/pass/24,24,auto,275.0,275.0,274.8,274.8,-0.2,-0.2
111012639/decode/a,crc,pass
111012639:!111013335
111013335:tape
111013335/tape/off,06063,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111013335:st=rev,135
111013335:!111013340
111013340:preob
111013340?ERROR an -103
111013340?ERROR qo -301
111013340/onsource/SLEWING
111013342/tpical/25574,28486,36372,35549,38970,$$$$$,29477,19172,35951
111013343/tpical/19264,22799,32467,0,38038,34572,11479
111013343:!111013350
111013350:tape
111013350/tape/off,05919,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111013350:"data start"
111013350:midob
111013350?ERROR an -103
111013350?ERROR qo -301
111013350/onsource/SLEWING
111013350/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31089,8968
111013350/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24837
111013350/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24959
111013350/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25142
111013351/tpi/22463,24837,32077,31294,32295,$$$$$,24966,16274,31111
111013351/tpi/14865,17460,24999,0,29343,26967,8911
111013351/tsys1/59.9,59.9,66.1,66.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,48.2,48.9,57.7
111013351/tsys2/77.4,76.6,77.0,$$$$$$$$,78.5,82.0,79.9
111013351:!111013520
111013520:"data stop"
111013520:et
111013520:!+3s
111013523:tape
111013523/tape/off,04892,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111013523:postob
111013523:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111013523:sx2c2=24
111013528/pass/24,24,auto,275.0,275.0,274.8,274.8,-0.2,-0.2
111013529/decode/a,crc,pass
111013529:!111014125
111014125:tape
111014125/tape/off,04892,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111014125:st=rev,135
111014125:!111014130
111014130:preob
111014130?ERROR an -103
111014130?ERROR qo -301
111014130/onsource/SLEWING
111014132/tpical/25592,28539,36367,35631,38943,$$$$$,29265,19165,35928
111014132/tpical/18202,21586,30871,0,36400,33237,10916
111014132:!111014140
111014140:tape
111014140/tape/off,04749,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111014140:"data start"
111014140:midob
111014140?ERROR an -103
111014140?ERROR qo -301
111014140/onsource/SLEWING
111014140/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31059,8628
111014140/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24933
111014140/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24900
111014140/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24176
111014141/tpi/22497,24933,32103,31390,32344,$$$$$,25033,16282,31077
111014141/tpi/14282,16781,24076,0,28442,26171,8596
111014141/tsys1/60.3,60.9,66.6,66.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,49.2,57.5
111014141/tsys2/83.4,81.8,81.5,$$$$$$$$,83.1,85.6,85.3
111014141:!111014530
111014530:"data stop"
111014530:et
111014530:!+3s
111014533:tape
111014533/tape/off,02147,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111014533:postob
111014533:source=1921-293,192142.3,-292026.3,1950.0,neutral
111014533:sx2c2=24
111014538/pass/24,24,auto,275.0,275.0,274.8,274.8,-0.2,-0.2
111014539/decode/a,crc,pass
111014539:!111015315
111015315:tape
111015315/tape/off,02147,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111015315:st=rev,135
111015315:!111015320
111015320:preob
111015320?ERROR an -103
111015320?ERROR qo -301
111015320/onsource/SLEWING
111015322/tpical/25664,28640,36341,35538,38832,$$$$$,29377,19127,35525
111015322/tpical/18933,22443,31952,0,37531,34157,11318
111015323:!111015330
111015330:tape
111015330/tape/off,02004,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111015330:"data start"
111015330:midob
111015330?ERROR an -103
111015330?ERROR qo -301
111015330/onsource/SLEWING
111015330/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30678,8904
111015330/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24991
111015330/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24960
111015330/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24934
111015331/tpi/22593,24991,32097,31340,32196,$$$$$,25018,16241,30678
111015331/tpi/14757,17333,24839,0,29169,26813,8871
111015331/tsys1/61.1,60.3,66.9,67.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.0,49.0,56.8
111015331/tsys2/80.9,79.5,80.3,$$$$$$$$,81.1,84.4,83.5
111015331:!111015500
111015500:"data stop"
111015500:et
111015500:!+3s
111015503:tape
111015503/tape/off,00977,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111015503:postob
111015503:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111015503:fastr=0m37s
111015540:unlod
111015540&unlod/!+5s
111015540&unlod/enable=,
111015540&unlod/check=*,-tp
111015540&unlod/tape=off
111015540&unlod/st=rev,120,off
111015540&unlod/xdisp=on
111015540&unlod/"**************dismount this tape now************"
111015540&unlod/wakeup
111015540&unlod/xdisp=off
111015552/ !!!! wake up !!!!
111015552:sx2c1=1
111015611/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-330.6,-0.6,-0.6
111015611/decode/a,crc,pass
111015611:ready
111015612/tpi/22620,25011,32059,31316,32157,$$$$$,25566,16229,30548
111015612/tpi/14681,17227,24715,0,29117,26746,8835
111015616/tpzero/1750,548,533,111,0,$$$$$,794,519,64
111015616/tpzero/379,52,526,0,302,427,174
111015620/tpical/25709,28653,36288,35561,38865,$$$$$,30016,19101,35420
111015620/tpical/18842,22307,31903,0,37406,34067,11277
111015620/tsys1/60.8,60.5,67.1,66.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.1,49.2,56.3
111015620/tsys2/80.8,79.5,79.1,$$$$$$$$,81.7,84.5,83.3
111015623/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111015626/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111015629/hpib/T +6E-07
111015629/newtape/"to continue, use label command"
111020255;"we have problems with tape
111022318?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022318?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022338?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022338?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022359?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022359?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022419?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022419?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022439?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022439?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022500?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022500?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022520?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022520?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022540?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022540?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022556;label=nrl00063,2c97
111022600?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022601?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022611/label/NRL00063,2C97
111022611:!+5s
111022616:!111020855
111022616:tape
111022616/tape/off,00117,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022616:st=for,135
111022616:!111020900
111022616:preob
111022616?ERROR an -103
111022616?ERROR qo -301
111022616/onsource/SLEWING
111022619/tpical/26256,29389,36905,35568,38229,$$$$$,30989,19416,34805
111022619/tpical/18984,22458,31979,0,35274,31759,11130
111022619:!111020910
111022619:tape
111022619/tape/off,00131,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111022620:"data start"
111022620:midob
111022620?ERROR an -103
111022620?ERROR qo -301
111022620/onsource/SLEWING
111022620/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34310,10899
111022620/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29012
111022620/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30574
111022620/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31341
111022621/tpi/25897,29012,36496,35123,37594,$$$$$,30574,16557,30104
111022621/tpi/15101,17785,25394,0,28110,25478,8908
111022621/tsys1/605.4,679.5,791.4,708.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,645.8,50.5,57.5
111022621/tsys2/89.1,89.2,88.7,$$$$$$$$,91.2,93.7,92.4
111022621:!111021100
111022621:"data stop"
111022621:et
111022621:!+3s
111022621?ERROR ch -351(hd)
111022621?ERROR ch -352(hd)
111022624:tape
111022624/tape/off,00163,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022624:postob
111022624:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,cw
111022625:check2c1
111022703?ERROR qg -303( 1)
111022703?ERROR qg -305( 1)
111022703?ERROR qg -303( 3)
111022703?ERROR qg -305( 3)
111022703?ERROR qg -303( 5)
111022703?ERROR qg -305( 5)
111022703?ERROR qg -305( 9)
111022703?ERROR qg -303(11)
111022703?ERROR qg -305(11)
111022703?ERROR qg -303(13)
111022703?ERROR qg -305(13)
111022703/parity/$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$,0.,0.,$$$$$,$$$$$
111022703/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111022719:sx2c1=1
111022724/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-329.0,-0.6,1.0
111022725/decode/a,crc,pass
111022725:!111021345
111022725:tape
111022725/tape/off,00353,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022725:st=for,135
111022726:!111021350
111022726:preob
111022726?ERROR an -103
111022726?ERROR qo -301
111022726/onsource/SLEWING
111022728/tpical/26067,29169,36580,35332,37951,$$$$$,30767,19277,34660
111022729/tpical/18584,21917,31295,0,34294,30801,10842
111022729:!111021400
111022729:tape
111022729/tape/off,00367,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111022729:"data start"
111022729:midob
111022729?ERROR an -103
111022729?ERROR qo -301
111022729/onsource/SLEWING
111022729/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34640,10842
111022729/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29166
111022729/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30747
111022730/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25982
111022730/tpi/23804,26486,33523,32308,33055,$$$$$,27478,17123,31078
111022730/tpi/15466,18155,25982,0,28555,25795,9085
111022730/tsys1/87.7,87.0,97.1,95.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,73.0,69.4,77.9
111022730/tsys2/113.7,113.1,112.6,$$$$$$$$,115.7,119.1,119.2
111022730:!111021610
111022730:"data stop"
111022730:et
111022731:!+3s
111022734:tape
111022734/tape/off,00401,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022734:postob
111022734:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
111022734:sx2c1=1
111022739/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-329.0,-0.6,1.0
111022740/decode/a,crc,pass
111022740:!111022505
111022740:tape
111022740/tape/off,00401,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022740:st=for,135
111022740:!111022510
111022740:preob
111022740?ERROR an -103
111022740?ERROR qo -301
111022740/onsource/SLEWING
111022743/tpical/26196,29245,36729,35470,37830,$$$$$,30870,19361,34658
111022743/tpical/18998,22070,31524,0,34473,30968,10933
111022743:!111022520
111022743:tape
111022744/tape/off,00414,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111022744:"data start"
111022744:midob
111022744?ERROR an -103
111022744?ERROR qo -301
111022744/onsource/SLEWING
111022744/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,34564,10867
111022744/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,29222
111022744/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,30789
111022744/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,31267
111022745/tpi/26113,29222,36721,35318,37692,$$$$$,26446,16505,29982
111022745/tpi/14946,17058,24448,0,26843,24355,8587
111022745/tsys1/2641.8,11220.3,40711.5,2084.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,50.4,57.6
111022745/tsys2/84.5,79.7,79.4,$$$$$$$$,81.7,85.0,84.3
111022745:!111022650
111022745:"data stop"
111022745:et
111022745:!+3s
111022748:tape
111022748/tape/off,00447,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111022748:postob
111022748:source=1921-293,192142.3,-292026.3,1950.0,neutral
111022749:sx2c1=1
111022754/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-329.0,-0.6,1.0
111022755/decode/a,crc,pass
111022755:!111024045
111022836;tapepos=4730
111022836;ff@!
111022836;et@111023147.44
111023147@et
111024045:tape
111024045/tape/off,04730,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111024045:st=for,135
111024045:!111024050
111024050:preob
111024050/onsource/TRACKING
111024052/tpical/27115,30194,38326,37058,39915,$$$$$,32382,20485,36800
111024052/tpical/19281,22978,32672,0,35439,31820,11300
111024052:!111024100
111024100:tape
111024100/tape/off,04873,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111024100:"data start"
111024100:midob
111024100/onsource/TRACKING
111024100/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,32138,9004
111024100/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26663
111024100/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27974
111024100/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25828
111024101/tpi/24053,26663,34136,32976,33616,$$$$$,27995,17635,32134
111024101/tpi/15273,18019,25787,0,27996,25367,8988
111024101/tsys1/65.6,66.6,72.2,72.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.8,54.1,61.9
111024101/tsys2/87.3,85.1,86.2,$$$$$$$$,87.4,90.8,89.6
111024101:!111024230
111024230:"data stop"
111024230:et
111024230:!+3s
111024233:tape
111024233/tape/off,05899,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111024233:postob
111024233:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111024233:sx2c1=1
111024238/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-329.0,-0.6,1.0
111024239/decode/a,crc,pass
111024239:!111024815
111024412;track
111024412#antcn#PR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0506 -0.0919
111024412#antcn#TR 17.7316 -3.8347 0.0000 0.0000 0.0506 -0.0919
111024412#antcn#OF 0.0000 0.0005 1998/111.05:44:09.80 0.0506 -0.0919
111024412#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
111024643;clocks
111024646/hpib/T +4E-07
111024649/hpib/T +6E-07
111024652/hpib/T +7E-07
111024718;"wx/10,774,75
111024815:tape
111024815/tape/off,05899,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111024815:st=for,135
111024815:!111024820
111024820:preob
111024820/onsource/TRACKING
111024822/tpical/26116,29230,36676,35212,37443,$$$$$,30708,19307,34367
111024822/tpical/23810,22123,31506,0,33617,30272,11011
111024823:!111024830
111024830:tape
111024830/tape/off,06043,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111024830:"data start"
111024830:midob
111024830/onsource/TRACKING
111024830/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29685,8658
111024830/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25618
111024830/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26341
111024830/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24419
111024831/tpi/23061,25618,32485,31133,31044,$$$$$,26307,16451,29676
111024831/tpi/19464,17231,24658,0,26296,23823,8717
111024831/tsys1/62.8,62.5,68.6,68.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.2,50.2,56.8
111024831/tsys2/103.2,82.5,82.8,$$$$$$$$,83.4,85.3,87.5
111024831:!111025000
111025000:"data stop"
111025000:et
111025000:!+3s
111025003:tape
111025003/tape/off,07069,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111025003:postob
111025003:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111025003:sx2c1=1
111025008/pass/1,1,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-330.6,-329.0,-0.6,1.0
111025009/decode/a,crc,pass
111025009:!111025245
111025245:tape
111025245/tape/off,07069,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111025245:st=for,135
111025245:!111025250
111025250:preob
111025250/onsource/TRACKING
111025252/tpical/26142,29375,36943,35530,37544,$$$$$,30835,19387,34484
111025252/tpical/18522,22045,31366,0,34328,30822,10933
111025253:!111025300
111025300:tape
111025300/tape/off,07213,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111025300:"data start"
111025300:midob
111025300/onsource/TRACKING
111025300/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30063,8711
111025300/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25912
111025300/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26651
111025300/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24825
111025301/tpi/23214,25912,32959,31595,31487,$$$$$,26628,16693,30069
111025301/tpi/14733,17303,24767,0,27063,24526,8686
111025301/tsys1/66.0,65.9,73.3,72.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.3,54.0,61.2
111025301/tsys2/89.0,85.5,86.3,$$$$$$$$,86.6,90.0,89.0
111025301:!111025450
111025450:"data stop"
111025450:et
111025450:!+3s
111025453:tape
111025453/tape/off,08465,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111025453:postob
111025453:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111025453:midtp
111025455/tpzero/1754,532,529,104,0,$$$$$,791,523,65
111025456/tpzero/373,51,523,0,304,422,176
111025459/hpib/T +5E-07
111025502/hpib/T +7E-07
111025505/hpib/T +8E-07
111025505:sx2c2=2
111025516/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.9,-329.8,0.1,0.2
111025517/decode/a,crc,pass
111025517:fastf=0m39s
111025556:!+5s
111025601:!111025605
111025605:tape
111025605/tape/low,09039,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111025605:st=rev,135
111025605:!111025610
111025610:preob
111025610/onsource/TRACKING
111025612/tpical/25903,29045,36709,35476,37501,$$$$$,30912,19459,34551
111025613/tpical/18500,21860,31232,0,33522,30213,10802
111025613:!111025620
111025620:tape
111025620/tape/off,08896,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111025620:"data start"
111025620:midob
111025620/onsource/TRACKING
111025620/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29913,8496
111025620/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25535
111025620/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26519
111025620/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24280
111025621/tpi/22851,25535,32660,31421,31156,$$$$$,26492,16631,29902
111025621/tpi/14413,16870,24187,0,25994,23661,8470
111025621/tsys1/62.2,64.1,71.4,69.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.3,51.3,57.8
111025621/tsys2/80.7,79.2,78.9,$$$$$$$$,80.2,83.4,83.6
111025621:!111025840
111025840:"data stop"
111025840:et
111025840:!+3s
111025843:tape
111025843/tape/off,07307,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111025843:postob
111025843:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,neutral
111025843:check2c2
111025922?ERROR qg -303( 2)
111025922?ERROR qg -305( 2)
111025922?ERROR qg -303( 4)
111025922?ERROR qg -305( 4)
111025922?ERROR qg -303( 6)
111025922?ERROR qg -305( 6)
111025922?ERROR qg -303( 8)
111025922?ERROR qg -305( 8)
111025922?ERROR qg -303(10)
111025922?ERROR qg -305(10)
111025922?ERROR qg -303(12)
111025922?ERROR qg -305(12)
111025922?ERROR qg -303(14)
111025922?ERROR qg -305(14)
111025922?ERROR qg -304( 8)
111025922?ERROR qg -304(12)
111025922?ERROR qg -304(14)
111025922/parity/$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$,$$$$$
111025922/parity/8,0,0,73,0,33,24
111025937:sx2c2=2
111025942/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.9,-329.8,0.1,0.2
111025943/decode/a,crc,pass
111025943:!111030405
111030405:tape
111030405/tape/off,07313,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111030405:st=rev,135
111030405:!111030410
111030410:preob
111030410/onsource/TRACKING
111030412/tpical/25393,28282,35950,34775,37018,$$$$$,30153,19059,34708
111030413/tpical/18335,21545,30607,0,33951,30896,10756
111030413:!111030420
111030420:tape
111030420/tape/off,07169,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111030420:"data start"
111030420:midob
111030420/onsource/TRACKING
111030420/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30110,8518
111030420/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24583
111030420/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25661
111030420/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24030
111030421/tpi/22252,24583,31728,30630,30698,$$$$$,25664,16194,30109
111030421/tpi/14579,16904,24078,0,26765,24506,8534
111030421/tsys1/58.7,58.5,66.5,66.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,49.9,49.2,58.8
111030421/tsys2/88.9,85.3,84.8,$$$$$$$$,86.5,88.6,88.4
111030421:!111030550
111030550:"data stop"
111030550:et
111030550:!+3s
111030553:tape
111030553/tape/off,06143,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111030553:postob
111030553:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111030553:sx2c2=2
111030558/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.9,-329.8,0.1,0.2
111030559/decode/a,crc,pass
111030559:!111030835
111030835:tape
111030835/tape/off,06143,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111030835:st=rev,135
111030835:!111030840
111030840:preob
111030840/onsource/TRACKING
111030842/tpical/26116,29309,36714,35316,37205,$$$$$,30608,19288,34207
111030842/tpical/18294,21745,30898,0,33865,30779,10785
111030842:!111030850
111030850:tape
111030850/tape/off,06000,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111030850:"data start"
111030850:midob
111030850/onsource/TRACKING
111030850/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29600,8512
111030850/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25683
111030850/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26324
111030850/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24136
111030851/tpi/23060,25683,32571,31269,30978,$$$$$,26304,16480,29606
111030851/tpi/14378,16901,24142,0,26481,24277,8503
111030851/tsys1/62.7,62.4,69.6,69.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.3,51.1,57.8
111030851/tsys2/84.0,81.7,82.2,$$$$$$$$,83.3,86.2,85.8
111030851:!111031230
111031230:"data stop"
111031230:et
111031230:!+3s
111031233:tape
111031233/tape/off,03511,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111031233:postob
111031233:source=1921-293,192142.3,-292026.3,1950.0,neutral
111031233:sx2c2=2
111031238/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.9,-329.8,0.1,0.2
111031239/decode/a,crc,pass
111031239:!111031805
111031610;track
111031610#antcn#PR 19.4123 -29.2440 0.0000 0.0000 0.0483 -0.0673
111031610#antcn#TR 19.4123 -29.2440 0.0000 0.0000 0.0483 -0.0673
111031610#antcn#OF 0.0004 0.0006 1998/111.06:16:07.40 0.0483 -0.0673
111031610#antcn#ST CW OnLine RADc
111031613;clocks
111031616/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111031619/hpib/T +4E-07
111031622/hpib/T +5E-07
111031625;clocks
111031628/hpib/T +8E-07
111031631/hpib/T +9E-07
111031634/hpib/T +1.0E-06
111031805:tape
111031805/tape/off,03511,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111031805:st=rev,135
111031805:!111031810
111031810:preob
111031810/onsource/TRACKING
111031812/tpical/27158,30365,38112,36775,39685,$$$$$,32453,20495,36160
111031812/tpical/16998,20286,29100,0,32304,29569,10107
111031812:!111031820
111031820:tape
111031820/tape/off,03367,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111031820:"data start"
111031820:midob
111031820/onsource/TRACKING
111031820/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31519,7919
111031820/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26771
111031820/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28117
111031820/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22561
111031821/tpi/24119,26771,34042,32797,33425,$$$$$,28085,17666,31520
111031821/tpi/13353,15837,22765,0,25371,23420,7978
111031821/tsys1/66.2,65.7,74.1,74.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.2,54.5,61.0
111031821/tsys2/83.7,83.4,82.5,$$$$$$$$,85.0,87.9,86.1
111031821:!111031950
111031950:"data stop"
111031950:et
111031950:!+3s
111031953:tape
111031953/tape/off,02341,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111031953:postob
111031953:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111031953:sx2c2=2
111031958/pass/2,2,auto,-330.0,-330.0,-329.0,-329.8,1.0,0.2
111031959/decode/a,crc,pass
111031959:!111032135
111032006;list
111032135:tape
111032135/tape/off,02341,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032135:st=rev,135
111032135:!111032140
111032140:preob
111032140/onsource/TRACKING
111032142/tpical/26026,29155,36510,35014,37682,$$$$$,30758,19384,34276
111032142/tpical/18435,21702,30968,0,33521,30284,10744
111032142:!111032150
111032150:tape
111032150/tape/off,02197,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111032150:"data start"
111032150:midob
111032150/onsource/TRACKING
111032150/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29650,8499
111032150/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25563
111032150/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26356
111032150/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24233
111032151/tpi/23038,25563,32377,30990,31286,$$$$$,26347,16540,29654
111032151/tpi/14635,16904,24206,0,26264,23887,8511
111032151/tsys1/64.1,62.7,69.4,69.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.1,50.7,57.6
111032151/tsys2/88.2,82.5,82.3,$$$$$$$$,84.1,86.2,87.7
111032151:!111032320
111032320:"data stop"
111032320:et
111032320:!+3s
111032323:tape
111032323/tape/off,01171,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032323:postob
111032323:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111032323:midtp
111032326/tpzero/1752,545,536,105,0,$$$$$,796,524,61
111032326/tpzero/374,52,523,0,304,421,176
111032329/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111032332/hpib/T +2E-07
111032335/hpib/T +4E-07
111032335:sx2c1=3
111032346/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-274.2,-274.7,0.8,0.3
111032347/decode/a,crc,pass
111032347:fastr=0m42s
111032429:!+5s
111032434:!111032505
111032501;tape
111032501/tape/off,00239,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032505:tape
111032505/tape/off,00239,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032505:st=for,135
111032505:!111032510
111032510:preob
111032510/onsource/TRACKING
111032512/tpical/26036,29104,36526,35125,37858,$$$$$,30832,19459,34321
111032512/tpical/18760,22017,31428,0,33938,30738,10882
111032513:!111032520
111032520:tape
111032520/tape/off,00382,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111032520:"data start"
111032520:midob
111032520/onsource/TRACKING
111032520/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29682,8581
111032520/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25560
111032520/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26390
111032520/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24473
111032521/tpi/22978,25560,32430,31054,31490,$$$$$,26461,16593,29692
111032521/tpi/14723,17055,24424,0,26448,24165,8555
111032521/tsys1/62.5,63.5,70.1,68.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.8,50.5,57.6
111032521/tsys2/83.5,80.5,80.2,$$$$$$$$,82.0,84.9,84.6
111032521:!111032740
111032740:"data stop"
111032740:et
111032740:!+3s
111032743:tape
111032743/tape/off,01971,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032743:postob
111032743:source=1308+326,130807.6,323640.6,1950.0,neutral
111032743:check2c1
111032822/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111032822/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111032837:sx2c1=3
111032842/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-273.9,0.0,1.1
111032843/decode/a,crc,pass
111032843:!111032915
111032915:tape
111032915/tape/off,01966,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111032915:st=for,135
111032915:!111032920
111032920:preob
111032920/onsource/TRACKING
111032922/tpical/34638,39347,49713,49535,53241,$$$$$,43789,27464,48478
111032923/tpical/23929,28941,41497,0,46467,41166,13962
111032923:!111032930
111032930:tape
111032930/tape/off,02110,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111032930:"data start"
111032930:midob
111032930/onsource/TRACKING
111032930/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,44093,11687
111032930/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,36051
111032930/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,39878
111032930/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,34703
111032931/tpi/31861,36051,46075,45876,47378,$$$$$,39881,24910,44119
111032931/tpi/19964,24026,34583,0,38986,34808,11638
111032931/tsys1/97.6,97.0,112.7,112.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,90.0,85.9,91.0
111032931/tsys2/116.1,114.6,115.8,$$$$$$$$,121.5,127.1,115.9
111032931:!111033100
111033100:"data stop"
111033100:et
111033100:!+3s
111033103:tape
111033103/tape/off,03136,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111033103:postob
111033103:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111033103:sx2c1=3
111033108/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-273.9,0.0,1.1
111033109/decode/a,crc,pass
111033109:!111033245
111033245:tape
111033245/tape/off,03136,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111033245:st=for,135
111033245:!111033250
111033250:preob
111033250/onsource/TRACKING
111033252/tpical/25668,28822,36220,34887,36729,$$$$$,30368,19143,33770
111033253/tpical/17243,20555,29389,0,32177,29012,10303
111033253:!111033300
111033300:tape
111033300/tape/off,03280,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111033300:"data start"
111033300:midob
111033300/onsource/TRACKING
111033300/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29361,8036
111033300/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25414
111033300/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26200
111033300/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22931
111033301/tpi/22781,25414,32288,31051,30663,$$$$$,26151,16425,29379
111033301/tpi/13553,15991,22961,0,25148,22895,8047
111033301/tsys1/65.6,65.7,72.7,72.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,52.7,60.1
111033301/tsys2/83.9,82.1,82.0,$$$$$$$$,83.1,86.3,82.0
111033301:!111033450
111033450:"data stop"
111033450:et
111033450:!+3s
111033453:tape
111033453/tape/off,04532,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111033453:postob
111033453:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111033453:sx2c1=3
111033458/pass/3,3,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-273.9,0.0,1.1
111033459/decode/a,crc,pass
111033459:!111034145
111034145:tape
111034145/tape/off,04532,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111034145:st=for,135
111034145:!111034150
111034150:preob
111034150/onsource/TRACKING
111034152/tpical/25877,29004,36563,35134,36977,$$$$$,30300,19290,34294
111034152/tpical/18720,22283,31540,0,34130,30844,10979
111034153:!111034200
111034200:tape
111034200/tape/off,04675,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111034200:"data start"
111034200:midob
111034200/onsource/TRACKING
111034200/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29850,8689
111034200/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25420
111034200/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26077
111034200/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24695
111034201/tpi/22916,25420,32489,31180,30961,$$$$$,26085,16531,29843
111034201/tpi/14649,17275,24548,0,26684,24262,8635
111034201/tsys1/64.3,62.5,70.6,70.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.0,52.2,60.2
111034201/tsys2/82.4,80.8,80.7,$$$$$$$$,83.3,85.1,84.8
111034201:!111034530
111034530:"data stop"
111034530:et
111034530:!+3s
111034533:tape
111034533/tape/off,07052,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111034533:postob
111034533:source=2121+053,212114.8,052227.4,1950.0,neutral
111034533:midtp
111034536/tpzero/1754,545,536,101,0,$$$$$,787,522,62
111034536/tpzero/372,51,522,0,302,422,171
111034539/hpib/T +9E-07
111034542/hpib/T +1.0E-06
111034545/hpib/T +3.9E-06
111034545:sx2c2=4
111034555/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-275.6,-0.0,-0.6
111034556/decode/a,crc,pass
111034556:fastf=1m29s
111034725:!+5s
111034730:!111035225
111035225:tape
111035225/tape/low,09040,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111035225:st=rev,135
111035225:!111035230
111035230:preob
111035230/onsource/TRACKING
111035232/tpical/26004,29070,36471,35035,36827,$$$$$,30331,19411,33921
111035233/tpical/18122,21509,30551,0,33021,29872,10633
111035233:!111035240
111035240:tape
111035240/tape/off,08896,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111035240:"data start"
111035240:midob
111035240/onsource/TRACKING
111035240/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29414,8349
111035240/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25606
111035240/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26015
111035240/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23675
111035241/tpi/23054,25606,32408,31069,30652,$$$$$,26025,16593,29405
111035241/tpi/14151,16657,23742,0,25767,23508,8360
111035241/tsys1/65.0,65.1,70.6,70.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.8,51.3,58.5
111035241/tsys2/81.5,80.4,80.1,$$$$$$$$,82.5,85.2,84.7
111035241:!111035540
111035540:"data stop"
111035540:et
111035540:!+3s
111035543:tape
111035543/tape/off,06857,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111035543:postob
111035543:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111035543:check2c2
111035622/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111035622/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111035637:sx2c2=4
111035642/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-275.6,-0.0,-0.6
111035643/decode/a,crc,pass
111035643:!111040055
111040055:tape
111040055/tape/off,06862,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111040055:st=rev,135
111040055:!111040100
111040100:preob
111040100/onsource/TRACKING
111040102/tpical/25280,27950,35840,34416,37483,$$$$$,29710,19136,36132
111040102/tpical/16889,20139,28785,0,31356,28516,10013
111040102:!111040110
111040110:tape
111040110/tape/off,06719,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111040110:"data start"
111040110:midob
111040110/onsource/TRACKING
111040110/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31576,7855
111040110/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24483
111040110/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25460
111040110/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22321
111040111/tpi/22228,24483,31778,30445,31248,$$$$$,25453,16313,31581
111040111/tpi/13322,15786,22604,0,24604,22583,7949
111040111/tsys1/60.4,62.1,69.2,68.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.1,50.3,62.3
111040111/tsys2/85.3,84.9,84.0,$$$$$$$$,84.6,87.8,88.6
111040111:!111040330
111040330:"data stop"
111040330:et
111040330:!+3s
111040333:tape
111040333/tape/off,05130,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111040333:postob
111040333:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111040333:sx2c2=4
111040338/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-275.6,-0.0,-0.6
111040339/decode/a,crc,pass
111040339:!111041255
111041255:tape
111041255/tape/off,05130,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111041255:st=rev,135
111041255:!111041300
111041300:preob
111041300/onsource/TRACKING
111041302/tpical/24892,27599,35378,33943,36374,$$$$$,28996,18504,35563
111041303/tpical/17661,21123,30118,0,32711,29507,10469
111041303:!111041310
111041310:tape
111041310/tape/off,04986,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111041310:"data start"
111041310:midob
111041310/onsource/TRACKING
111041310/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31009,8136
111041310/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24100
111041310/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24759
111041310/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23126
111041311/tpi/21874,24100,31314,29981,30215,$$$$$,24752,15715,31004
111041311/tpi/12969,15377,22045,0,24232,22109,7769
111041311/tsys1/60.0,60.6,68.2,67.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.8,49.0,61.1
111041311/tsys2/63.1,62.7,62.7,$$$$$$$$,66.3,68.9,66.1
111041311:!111041500
111041500:"data stop"
111041500:et
111041500:!+3s
111041503:tape
111041503/tape/off,03735,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111041503:postob
111041503:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111041503:sx2c2=4
111041508/pass/4,4,auto,-275.0,-275.0,-275.0,-275.6,-0.0,-0.6
111041509/decode/a,crc,pass
111041509:!111042555
111042555:tape
111042555/tape/off,03735,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111042555:st=rev,135
111042555:!111042600
111042600:preob
111042600/onsource/TRACKING
111042602/tpical/25458,28542,36477,34831,36209,$$$$$,29431,18902,35448
111042602/tpical/19873,23644,33404,0,35711,32310,11714
111042603:!111042610
111042610:tape
111042610/tape/off,03591,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111042610:"data start"
111042610:midob
111042610/onsource/TRACKING
111042610/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31160,9277
111042610/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25194
111042610/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25430
111042610/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26285
111042611/tpi/22624,25194,32592,31078,30456,$$$$$,25446,16272,31161
111042611/tpi/15711,18565,26314,0,28196,25743,9284
111042611/tsys1/66.3,66.3,74.3,74.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.7,53.9,65.3
111042611/tsys2/86.6,85.7,85.5,$$$$$$$$,87.2,90.6,88.1
111042611:!111042940
111042940:"data stop"
111042940:et
111042940:!+3s
111042943:tape
111042943/tape/off,01215,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111042943:postob
111042943:source=1606+106,160623.4,103700.0,1950.0,neutral
111042943:midtp
111042946/tpzero/1753,560,530,105,0,$$$$$,789,520,66
111042946/tpzero/375,56,523,0,301,421,173
111042949/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111042952/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111042955/hpib/T +4E-07
111042955:sx2c1=5
111043006/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-218.9,-0.2,1.1
111043007/decode/a,crc,pass
111043007:fastr=0m44s
111043051:!+5s
111043056:!111043325
111043325:tape
111043325/tape/off,00238,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111043325:st=for,135
111043325:!111043330
111043330:preob
111043330/onsource/TRACKING
111043332/tpical/25149,28046,35836,34526,36663,$$$$$,29531,19089,35033
111043333/tpical/17872,21261,30392,0,32699,29911,10538
111043333:!111043340
111043340:tape
111043340/tape/off,00381,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111043340:"data start"
111043340:midob
111043340/onsource/TRACKING
111043340/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30648,8255
111043340/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24659
111043340/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25510
111043340/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23594
111043341/tpi/22279,24659,31932,30723,30715,$$$$$,25463,16367,30617
111043341/tpi/14105,16678,23894,0,25739,23816,8351
111043341/tsys1/64.4,64.0,72.4,72.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.6,52.4,62.3
111043341/tsys2/85.7,85.2,84.5,$$$$$$$$,85.9,90.2,87.9
111043341:!111043600
111043600:"data stop"
111043600:et
111043600:!+3s
111043603:tape
111043603/tape/off,01970,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111043603:postob
111043603:source=1921-293,192142.3,-292026.3,1950.0,neutral
111043603:check2c1
111043642/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111043642/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111043657:sx2c1=5
111043702/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.3,-218.9,0.7,1.1
111043703/decode/a,crc,pass
111043703:!111043945
111043945:tape
111043945/tape/off,01963,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111043945:st=for,135
111043945:!111043950
111043950:preob
111043950/onsource/TRACKING
111043952/tpical/26166,29176,37296,36066,37857,$$$$$,30553,19915,35526
111043952/tpical/18725,22278,31736,0,33826,30874,10943
111043952:!111044000
111044000:tape
111044000/tape/off,02107,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111044000:"data start"
111044000:midob
111044000/onsource/TRACKING
111044000/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,31120,8574
111044000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25841
111044000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26539
111044000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24657
111044001/tpi/23277,25841,33355,32184,32006,$$$$$,26533,17246,31109
111044001/tpi/14454,17093,24509,0,26222,24248,8516
111044001/tsys1/67.1,68.2,75.0,74.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.6,56.4,63.3
111044001/tsys2/77.5,77.2,78.0,$$$$$$$$,80.1,84.5,80.8
111044001:!111044130
111044130:"data stop"
111044130:et
111044130:!+3s
111044133:tape
111044133/tape/off,03134,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111044133:postob
111044133:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111044133:sx2c1=5
111044138/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.3,-218.9,0.7,1.1
111044139/decode/a,crc,pass
111044139:!111044805
111044805:tape
111044805/tape/off,03134,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111044805:st=for,135
111044805:!111044810
111044810:preob
111044810/onsource/TRACKING
111044812/tpical/24584,27248,34922,33377,35861,$$$$$,28508,18300,34918
111044812/tpical/18080,21581,30762,0,33355,30035,10650
111044813:!111044820
111044820:tape
111044820/tape/off,03277,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111044820:"data start"
111044820:midob
111044820/onsource/TRACKING
111044820/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30525,8417
111044820/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23883
111044820/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24436
111044820/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24027
111044821/tpi/21655,23883,31026,29526,29889,$$$$$,24438,15619,30524
111044821/tpi/14164,16775,23998,0,25996,23703,8388
111044821/tsys1/61.2,62.4,70.4,68.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.3,50.7,62.4
111044821/tsys2/82.7,81.8,81.6,$$$$$$$$,82.1,86.4,85.3
111044821:!111045010
111045010:"data stop"
111045010:et
111045010:!+3s
111045013:tape
111045013/tape/off,04528,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111045013:postob
111045013:source=1726+455,172601.2,453304.7,1950.0,neutral
111045013:sx2c1=5
111045018/pass/5,5,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-218.9,-0.2,1.1
111045019/decode/a,crc,pass
111045019:!111045155
111045155:tape
111045155/tape/off,04528,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111045155:st=for,135
111045155:!111045200
111045200:preob
111045200?ERROR an -103
111045200?ERROR qo -301
111045200/onsource/SLEWING
111045202/tpical/24405,27182,34761,33067,35399,$$$$$,28069,17991,34457
111045202/tpical/17207,20579,29329,0,32050,28964,10190
111045202:!111045210
111045210:tape
111045210/tape/off,04672,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111045210:"data start"
111045210:midob
111045210/onsource/TRACKING
111045210/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30293,8118
111045210/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23888
111045210/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24198
111045210/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23107
111045211/tpi/21650,23888,30994,29425,29735,$$$$$,24183,15437,30284
111045211/tpi/13675,16211,23142,0,25284,23057,8127
111045211/tsys1/65.0,63.7,72.8,72.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.2,52.6,65.2
111045211/tsys2/88.5,86.9,85.9,$$$$$$$$,86.8,90.1,90.6
111045211:!111045650
111045650:"data stop"
111045650:et
111045650:!+3s
111045653:tape
111045653/tape/off,07836,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111045653:postob
111045653:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,cw
111045653:midtp
111045656/tpzero/1751,555,533,104,0,$$$$$,791,522,63
111045656/tpzero/373,56,523,0,299,423,174
111045659/hpib/T +9E-07
111045702/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111045705/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111045705:sx2c2=6
111045715/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-219.7,-0.2,0.3
111045716/decode/a,crc,pass
111045716:fastf=0m54s
111045810:!+5s
111045815:!111045835
111045835:tape
111045835/tape/low,09037,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111045835:st=rev,135
111045835:!111045840
111045840:preob
111045840?ERROR an -103
111045840?ERROR qo -301
111045840/onsource/SLEWING
111045842/tpical/24636,27430,34787,33207,34660,$$$$$,27362,18145,32811
111045843/tpical/17804,21064,30057,0,31800,28900,10425
111045843:!111045850
111045850:tape
111045850/tape/off,08894,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111045850:"data start"
111045850:midob
111045850?ERROR an -103
111045850?ERROR qo -301
111045850/onsource/SLEWING
111045850/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28564,8328
111045850/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24177
111045850/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23400
111045850/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23607
111045851/tpi/21850,24177,31036,29611,29043,$$$$$,23320,15640,28570
111045851/tpi/14240,16650,23769,0,25054,23072,8351
111045851/tsys1/64.9,65.4,73.2,73.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,50.2,54.3,60.5
111045851/tsys2/91.4,88.3,86.9,$$$$$$$$,86.2,91.3,92.7
111045851:!111050100
111050100:"data stop"
111050100:et
111050100:!+3s
111050103:tape
111050103/tape/off,07417,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111050103:postob
111050103:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111050103:check2c2
111050142/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111050142/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111050157:sx2c2=6
111050202/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-219.7,-0.2,0.3
111050203/decode/a,crc,pass
111050203:!111050655
111050655:tape
111050655/tape/off,07422,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111050655:st=rev,135
111050655:!111050700
111050700:preob
111050700/onsource/TRACKING
111050702/tpical/25358,28211,35361,33784,36198,$$$$$,25699,18969,33206
111050702/tpical/17434,20451,29139,0,31249,28589,31957
111050702:!111050710
111050710:tape
111050710/tape/off,07279,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111050710:"data start"
111050710:midob
111050710/onsource/TRACKING
111050710/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28909,25478
111050710/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24881
111050710/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20971
111050710/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23318
111050711/tpi/22515,24881,31518,30028,30309,$$$$$,21028,16430,28890
111050711/tpi/13872,16223,23221,0,25024,23193,18216
111050711/tsys1/65.7,65.7,72.6,71.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,39.0,56.4,60.1
111050711/tsys2/89.1,89.9,90.1,$$$$$$$$,93.3,99.2,30.9
111050711:!111050840
111050840:"data stop"
111050840:et
111050840:!+3s
111050843:tape
111050843/tape/off,06252,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111050843:postob
111050843:source=1921-293,192142.3,-292026.3,1950.0,neutral
111050843:sx2c2=6
111050848/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-220.2,-218.9,-0.2,1.1
111050849/decode/a,crc,pass
111050849:!111051025
111051025:tape
111051025/tape/off,06252,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111051025:st=rev,135
111051025:!111051030
111051030:preob
111051030/onsource/TRACKING
111051032/tpical/26663,29661,37102,35701,37995,$$$$$,27464,20047,34909
111051032/tpical/17547,20886,29964,0,32515,29862,10360
111051032:!111051040
111051040:tape
111051040/tape/off,06109,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111051040:"data start"
111051040:midob
111051040/onsource/TRACKING
111051040/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,30620,8503
111051040/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26362
111051040/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24301
111051040/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24397
111051041/tpi/23832,26362,33283,32035,32186,$$$$$,24066,17420,30613
111051041/tpi/14374,16949,24342,0,26376,24415,8480
111051041/tsys1/70.2,70.4,77.2,78.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,61.6,57.9,64.0
111051041/tsys2/103.7,100.8,99.6,$$$$$$$$,99.8,103.5,103.8
111051041:!111051210
111051210:"data stop"
111051210:et
111051210:!+3s
111051213:tape
111051213/tape/off,05082,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111051213:postob
111051213:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111051213:sx2c2=6
111051218/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-219.7,0.6,0.3
111051219/decode/a,crc,pass
111051219:!111051535
111051535:tape
111051535/tape/off,05082,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111051535:st=rev,135
111051535:!111051540
111051540:preob
111051540/onsource/TRACKING
111051542/tpical/25454,28348,35291,33587,35063,$$$$$,26673,18510,32668
111051542/tpical/17150,20431,29206,0,32134,29374,10358
111051543:!111051550
111051550:tape
111051550/tape/off,04938,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111051550:"data start"
111051550:midob
111051550/onsource/TRACKING
111051550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28699,8300
111051550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25265
111051550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23224
111051550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23624
111051551/tpi/22815,25265,31743,30141,29685,$$$$$,23186,16067,28696
111051551/tpi/13921,16353,23405,0,25719,23619,8270
111051551/tsys1/71.8,72.1,79.2,78.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.8,57.3,64.9
111051551/tsys2/98.6,93.9,92.7,$$$$$$$$,93.1,94.7,91.1
111051551:!111051920
111051705;"wx/12,764,79
111051708;"sunny
111051709;track
111051710#antcn#PR 22.6046 28.4697 0.0000 0.0000 0.1391 -0.0890
111051710#antcn#TR 22.6046 28.4697 0.0000 0.0000 0.1390 -0.0890
111051710#antcn#OF 0.0009 -0.0001 1998/111.08:17:07.00 0.1391 -0.0890
111051710#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111051712;clocks
111051715/hpib/T +4E-07
111051718/hpib/T +5E-07
111051721/hpib/T +6E-07
111051920:"data stop"
111051920:et
111051920:!+3s
111051923:tape
111051923/tape/off,02562,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111051923:postob
111051923:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
111051923:sx2c2=6
111051928/pass/6,6,auto,-220.0,-220.0,-219.4,-219.7,0.6,0.3
111051929/decode/a,crc,pass
111051929:!111052445
111052445:tape
111052445/tape/off,02562,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111052445:st=rev,135
111052445:!111052450
111052450:preob
111052450/onsource/TRACKING
111052452/tpical/25004,27701,34576,32990,34909,$$$$$,24917,18445,32382
111052452/tpical/17031,20225,28993,0,31380,28808,10084
111052452:!111052500
111052500:tape
111052500/tape/off,02418,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111052500:"data start"
111052500:midob
111052500/onsource/TRACKING
111052500/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28241,7994
111052500/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24551
111052500/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20742
111052500/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22780
111052501/tpi/22287,24551,30928,29450,29306,$$$$$,20619,15948,28245
111052501/tpi/13551,15910,22938,0,24726,22982,8062
111052501/tsys1/68.0,68.6,75.0,74.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,41.5,55.6,61.3
111052501/tsys2/89.0,86.3,87.0,$$$$$$$$,86.3,91.0,91.7
111052501:!111052630
111052630:"data stop"
111052630:et
111052630:!+3s
111052633:tape
111052633/tape/off,01392,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111052633:postob
111052633:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111052633:midtp
111052636/tpzero/1750,558,530,103,0,$$$$$,789,524,58
111052636/tpzero/372,60,525,0,300,423,171
111052639/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111052642/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111052645/hpib/T +4E-07
111052645:sx2c1=7
111052655/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-165.3,-164.7,-0.3,0.3
111052656/decode/a,crc,pass
111052656:fastr=0m52s
111052748:!+5s
111052753:!111053055
111053055:tape
111053055/tape/off,00236,norm,moving,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111053055:st=for,135
111053055:!111053100
111053100:preob
111053100/onsource/TRACKING
111053102/tpical/24557,27161,33829,32232,34008,$$$$$,25206,17881,31550
111053102/tpical/16627,19784,28450,0,31113,28193,9868
111053102:!111053110
111053110:tape
111053110/tape/off,00380,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111053110:"data start"
111053110:midob
111053110/onsource/TRACKING
111053110/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27502,7809
111053110/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23997
111053110/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21805
111053110/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22283
111053111/tpi/21833,23997,30219,28723,28543,$$$$$,21849,15405,27505
111053111/tpi/13178,15489,22397,0,24411,22445,7852
111053111/tsys1/66.4,66.7,74.0,73.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.5,54.1,61.1
111053111/tsys2/87.3,84.4,84.9,$$$$$$$$,84.5,90.0,89.5
111053111:!111053310
111053310:"data stop"
111053310:et
111053310:!+3s
111053313:tape
111053313/tape/off,01744,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111053313:postob
111053313:source=1726+455,172601.2,453304.7,1950.0,neutral
111053313:check2c1
111053352/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111053352/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111053407:sx2c1=7
111053412/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-165.3,-165.5,-0.3,-0.5
111053413/decode/a,crc,pass
111053413:!111053545
111053545:tape
111053545/tape/off,01739,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111053545:st=for,135
111053545:!111053550
111053550:preob
111053550/onsource/TRACKING
111053552/tpical/24340,26951,33550,31829,33596,$$$$$,22539,17777,31226
111053553/tpical/17076,20264,29025,0,31578,28668,10090
111053553:!111053600
111053600:tape
111053600/tape/off,01883,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111053600:"data start"
111053600:midob
111053600/onsource/TRACKING
111053600/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27208,7929
111053600/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23827
111053600/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19392
111053600/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22485
111053601/tpi/21660,23846,29963,28393,28226,$$$$$,19882,15300,27208
111053601/tpi/13426,15764,22608,0,24670,22619,7966
111053601/tsys1/66.9,67.5,73.8,74.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,64.7,53.7,60.8
111053601/tsys2/84.0,82.0,80.9,$$$$$$$$,82.9,86.2,86.2
111053601:!111054040
111054040:"data stop"
111054040:et
111054040:!+3s
111054043:tape
111054043/tape/off,05047,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111054043:postob
111054043:source=1741-038,174120.6,-034848.9,1950.0,neutral
111054043:sx2c1=7
111054048/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-165.3,-164.7,-0.3,0.3
111054049/decode/a,crc,pass
111054049:!111054805
111054805:tape
111054805/tape/off,05047,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111054805:st=for,135
111054805:!111054810
111054810:preob
111054810/onsource/TRACKING
111054812/tpical/24984,27514,34912,33433,35805,$$$$$,28002,18529,33678
111054813/tpical/17677,21034,30100,0,32403,29335,10436
111054813:!111054820
111054820:tape
111054820/tape/off,05191,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111054820:"data start"
111054820:midob
111054820/onsource/TRACKING
111054820/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29558,8299
111054820/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24374
111054820/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24540
111054820/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23659
111054821/tpi/22261,24374,31307,29905,30335,$$$$$,24517,16016,29580
111054821/tpi/13872,16310,23488,0,25353,23215,8240
111054821/tsys1/67.8,68.3,76.8,76.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,61.3,55.5,64.8
111054821/tsys2/83.4,80.8,81.6,$$$$$$$$,83.5,87.5,86.3
111054821:!111054950
111054950:"data stop"
111054950:et
111054950:!+3s
111054953:tape
111054953/tape/off,06217,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111054953:postob
111054953:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111054953:sx2c1=7
111054958/pass/7,7,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-165.3,-164.7,-0.3,0.3
111054959/decode/a,crc,pass
111054959:!111055315
111055315:tape
111055315/tape/off,06217,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111055315:st=for,135
111055315:!111055320
111055320:preob
111055320/onsource/TRACKING
111055322/tpical/24416,26990,34216,32501,34102,$$$$$,26542,17713,32543
111055322/tpical/17981,21258,30203,0,32723,29457,10527
111055322:!111055330
111055330:tape
111055330/tape/off,06361,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111055330:"data start"
111055330:midob
111055330/onsource/TRACKING
111055330/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28496,8427
111055330/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23913
111055330/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23223
111055330/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23930
111055331/tpi/21752,23913,30671,29000,28728,$$$$$,23191,15278,28490
111055331/tpi/14245,16679,23789,0,25907,23444,8380
111055331/tsys1/67.6,68.3,76.5,74.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,60.2,54.5,63.1
111055331/tsys2/87.3,85.3,85.2,$$$$$$$$,88.3,90.0,89.9
111055331:!111055650
111055650:"data stop"
111055650:et
111055650:!+3s
111055653:tape
111055653/tape/off,08625,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111055653:postob
111055653:source=2121+053,212114.8,052227.4,1950.0,neutral
111055653:midtp
111055656/tpzero/1749,555,534,103,0,$$$$$,790,525,59
111055656/tpzero/372,57,522,0,298,423,173
111055659/hpib/T +1.42E-05
111055702/hpib/T +1.43E-05
111055705/hpib/T +1.45E-05
111055705:sx2c2=8
111055716/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-166.2,-165.5,-1.2,-0.5
111055717/decode/a,crc,pass
111055717:fastf=0m20s
111055737:!+5s
111055742:!111060535
111060535:tape
111060535/tape/low,09039,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111060535:st=rev,135
111060535:!111060540
111060540:preob
111060540/onsource/TRACKING
111060542/tpical/23847,26385,33151,31392,33046,$$$$$,26183,17131,30980
111060542/tpical/17190,20208,28816,0,30763,27902,10075
111060542:!111060550
111060550:tape
111060550/tape/off,08896,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111060550:"data start"
111060550:midob
111060550/onsource/TRACKING
111060550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27179,7983
111060550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23204
111060550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22521
111060550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22470
111060551/tpi/21127,23204,29619,27918,27716,$$$$$,22492,14702,27234
111060551/tpi/13467,15640,22373,0,23963,21899,7947
111060551/tsys1/64.1,64.1,74.1,72.1,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.9,52.5,65.3
111060551/tsys2/82.7,80.2,79.7,$$$$$$$$,81.8,84.1,85.9
111060551:!111060840
111060840:"data stop"
111060840:et
111060840:!+3s
111060843:tape
111060843/tape/off,06969,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111060843:postob
111060843:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111060843:check2c2
111060922/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111060922/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111060937:sx2c2=8
111060942/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-164.6,-165.5,0.4,-0.5
111060943/decode/a,crc,pass
111060943:!111061055
111061055:tape
111061055/tape/off,06974,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111061055:st=rev,135
111061055:!111061100
111061100:preob
111061100/onsource/TRACKING
111061102/tpical/23830,26302,33427,31779,33423,$$$$$,26547,17251,32567
111061102/tpical/17108,20365,29201,0,32344,29041,10313
111061103:!111061110
111061110:tape
111061110/tape/off,06831,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111061110:"data start"
111061110:midob
111061110/onsource/TRACKING
111061110/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28506,8242
111061110/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23240
111061110/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22961
111061110/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22929
111061111/tpi/21169,23240,29851,28356,28084,$$$$$,22929,14855,28510
111061111/tpi/13556,15981,22956,0,25450,23094,8240
111061111/tsys1/65.7,66.7,73.8,74.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.1,53.8,63.1
111061111/tsys2/87.2,85.4,84.4,$$$$$$$$,85.7,89.6,91.4
111061111:!111061310
111061310:"data stop"
111061310:et
111061310:!+3s
111061313:tape
111061313/tape/off,05467,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111061313:postob
111061313:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111061313:sx2c2=8
111061318/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-164.6,-165.5,0.4,-0.5
111061319/decode/a,crc,pass
111061319:!111062345
111062345:tape
111062345/tape/off,05467,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111062345:st=rev,135
111062345:!111062350
111062350:preob
111062350/onsource/TRACKING
111062352/tpical/24020,26577,33732,32006,33544,$$$$$,26509,17324,33331
111062352/tpical/17033,20323,28850,0,31479,28118,10158
111062352:!111062400
111062400:tape
111062400/tape/off,05323,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111062400:"data start"
111062400:midob
111062400/onsource/TRACKING
111062400/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29392,8133
111062400/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23453
111062400/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22923
111062400/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22786
111062401/tpi/21368,23453,30224,28581,28253,$$$$$,22949,14910,29390
111062401/tpi/13539,16026,22827,0,24939,22456,8135
111062401/tsys1/66.6,66.0,76.2,74.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.0,53.6,67.0
111062401/tsys2/88.6,87.3,87.0,$$$$$$$$,88.5,91.4,92.5
111062401:!111062720
111062720:"data stop"
111062720:et
111062720:!+3s
111062723:tape
111062723/tape/off,03059,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111062723:postob
111062723:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
111062723:sx2c2=8
111062728/pass/8,8,auto,-165.0,-165.0,-164.6,-165.5,0.4,-0.5
111062729/decode/a,crc,pass
111062729:!111063305
111062921;"wx/14,764,71
111062924;"sunny
111062926;clocks
111062929/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111062932/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111062935/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111062938;track
111062938#antcn#PR 0.8429 -9.4966 0.0000 0.0000 0.0738 -0.0857
111062938#antcn#TR 0.8429 -9.4967 0.0000 0.0000 0.0738 -0.0857
111062938#antcn#OF 0.0004 0.0009 1998/111.09:29:35.00 0.0738 -0.0857
111062938#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111062951;track
111062951#antcn#PR 0.8429 -9.4966 0.0000 0.0000 0.0738 -0.0857
111062951#antcn#TR 0.8429 -9.4967 0.0000 0.0000 0.0738 -0.0857
111062951#antcn#OF 0.0004 0.0011 1998/111.09:29:47.90 0.0738 -0.0857
111062951#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111063209;source=*,*,*
111063212;track
111063212?ERROR an -103
111063212#antcn#PR 0.8429 -9.4966 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063212#antcn#TR 0.8429 -9.4967 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063212#antcn#OF -0.2122 -0.0063 1998/111.09:32:12.40 0.0732 -0.0862
111063212#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111063221;track
111063221#antcn#PR 0.8429 -9.4966 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063221#antcn#TR 0.8429 -9.4967 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063221#antcn#OF 0.0002 0.0010 1998/111.09:32:21.30 0.0732 -0.0862
111063221#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111063225;track
111063225#antcn#PR 0.8429 -9.4966 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063225#antcn#TR 0.8429 -9.4967 0.0000 0.0000 0.0732 -0.0862
111063225#antcn#OF 0.0000 0.0010 1998/111.09:32:25.20 0.0732 -0.0862
111063225#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111063305:tape
111063305/tape/off,03059,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111063305:st=rev,135
111063305:!111063310
111063310:preob
111063310/onsource/TRACKING
111063312/tpical/24263,26797,33277,31596,32881,$$$$$,26587,17276,30741
111063313/tpical/16934,20102,28687,0,31092,28277,10206
111063313:!111063320
111063320:tape
111063320/tape/off,02915,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111063320:"data start"
111063320:midob
111063320/onsource/TRACKING
111063320/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26781,8119
111063320/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23692
111063320/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22935
111063320/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22355
111063321/tpi/21550,23692,29700,28123,27580,$$$$$,22949,14846,26786
111063321/tpi/13352,15711,22491,0,24444,22481,8167
111063321/tsys1/65.7,67.1,73.4,72.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.8,53.0,60.8
111063321/tsys2/85.2,83.8,83.3,$$$$$$$$,85.4,89.4,92.1
111063321:!111063450
111063450:"data stop"
111063450:et
111063450:!+3s
111063453:tape
111063453/tape/off,01889,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111063453:postob
111063453:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,ccw
111063453:midtp
111063456/tpzero/1749,560,532,104,0,$$$$$,788,523,61
111063456/tpzero/370,54,523,0,301,422,173
111063459/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111063502/hpib/T +5E-07
111063505/hpib/T +6E-07
111063505:sx2c1=9
111063514/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-109.7,-108.8,0.3,1.2
111063515/decode/a,crc,pass
111063515:fastr=1m14s
111063630:!+5s
111063635:!111064215
111064215:tape
111064215/tape/off,00238,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111064215:st=for,135
111064215:!111064220
111064220:preob
111064220/onsource/TRACKING
111064222/tpical/23556,26093,33117,31796,33189,$$$$$,26029,16885,32005
111064222/tpical/16794,19927,28465,0,32872,30113,10111
111064222:!111064230
111064230:tape
111064230/tape/off,00382,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111064230:"data start"
111064230:midob
111064230/onsource/TRACKING
111064230/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27959,8083
111064230/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22973
111064230/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22513
111064230/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22431
111064231/tpi/20878,22973,29507,28276,27823,$$$$$,22545,14517,27903
111064231/tpi/13338,15652,22357,0,25919,23993,8065
111064231/tsys1/64.3,64.7,72.2,72.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.2,53.2,61.1
111064231/tsys2/88.2,85.7,84.0,$$$$$$$$,86.6,90.5,90.6
111064231:!111064440
111064440:"data stop"
111064440:et
111064440:!+3s
111064443:tape
111064443/tape/off,01858,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111064443:postob
111064443:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111064443:check2c1
111064522/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111064522/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111064537:sx2c1=9
111064542/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-108.8,-0.5,1.2
111064543/decode/a,crc,pass
111064543:!111065825
111065825:tape
111065825/tape/off,01853,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111065825:st=for,135
111065825:!111065830
111065830:preob
111065830/onsource/TRACKING
111065832/tpical/23924,26661,33510,31713,33166,$$$$$,25702,17273,31225
111065832/tpical/18629,22057,31386,0,34318,31109,10970
111065832:!111065840
111065840:tape
111065840/tape/off,01996,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111065840:"data start"
111065840:midob
111065840/onsource/TRACKING
111065840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27396,8900
111065840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23681
111065840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22312
111065840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25180
111065841/tpi/21342,23681,30011,28365,27969,$$$$$,22297,14919,27398
111065841/tpi/15021,17648,25109,0,27552,25234,8877
111065841/tsys1/68.3,69.8,75.8,76.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.9,55.0,64.3
111065841/tsys2/95.4,93.8,92.0,$$$$$$$$,94.6,99.2,97.7
111065841:!111070200
111070200:"data stop"
111070200:et
111070200:!+3s
111070203:tape
111070203/tape/off,04260,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111070203:postob
111070203:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
111070203:sx2c1=9
111070208/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-108.8,-0.5,1.2
111070209/decode/a,crc,pass
111070209:!111070705
111070705:tape
111070705/tape/off,04260,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111070705:st=for,135
111070705:!111070710
111070710:preob
111070710/onsource/TRACKING
111070712/tpical/23955,26467,32959,31173,32778,$$$$$,26166,16956,30522
111070713/tpical/18394,21672,30886,0,33470,30459,10802
111070713:!111070720
111070720:tape
111070720/tape/off,04404,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111070720:"data start"
111070720:midob
111070720/onsource/TRACKING
111070720/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26543,8738
111070720/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23320
111070720/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22537
111070720/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24582
111070721/tpi/21258,23320,29327,27770,27406,$$$$$,22547,14562,26550
111070721/tpi/14856,17350,24646,0,26760,24647,8760
111070721/tsys1/65.1,65.1,71.4,73.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,52.8,60.0
111070721/tsys2/96.2,94.0,90.8,$$$$$$$$,92.7,98.0,98.8
111070721:!111071150
111071150:"data stop"
111071150:et
111071150:!+3s
111071153:tape
111071153/tape/off,07455,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111071153:postob
111071153:source=nrao512,163848.2,395230.3,1950.0,neutral
111071153:sx2c1=9
111071158/pass/9,9,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.5,-108.8,-0.5,1.2
111071159/decode/a,crc,pass
111071159:!111071805
111071805:tape
111071805/tape/off,07455,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111071805:st=for,135
111071805:!111071810
111071810:preob
111071810/onsource/TRACKING
111071812/tpical/25690,28485,35813,34281,36147,$$$$$,29123,18880,33767
111071813/tpical/19626,23512,33800,0,37368,33764,11620
111071813:!111071820
111071820:tape
111071820/tape/off,07599,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111071820:"data start"
111071820:midob
111071820/onsource/TRACKING
111071820/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,29843,9601
111071820/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25421
111071820/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25568
111071820/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,27586
111071821/tpi/23108,25421,32248,30939,30997,$$$$$,25595,16561,29857
111071821/tpi/16198,19253,27639,0,30605,27959,9614
111071821/tsys1/74.5,73.0,80.1,83.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,63.3,62.2,68.6
111071821/tsys2/108.5,105.9,103.4,$$$$$$$$,105.3,111.5,110.6
111071821:!111072020
111072020:"data stop"
111072020:et
111072020:!+3s
111072023:tape
111072023/tape/off,08963,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111072023:postob
111072023:source=2121+053,212114.8,052227.4,1950.0,neutral
111072023:midtp
111072026/tpzero/1749,555,529,103,0,$$$$$,790,522,57
111072026/tpzero/369,56,524,0,303,421,172
111072029/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111072032/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111072035/hpib/T +3.9E-06
111072035:sx2c2=10
111072047/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-109.0,-109.7,1.0,0.3
111072048/decode/a,crc,pass
111072048:!111073115
111072050;"wx/17,765,65
111072052;"sunny
111073115:tape
111073115/tape/off,08963,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111073115:st=rev,135
111073115:!111073120
111073120:preob
111073120/onsource/TRACKING
111073122/tpical/23376,25814,32116,30151,31399,$$$$$,25599,16492,29493
111073122/tpical/17107,20258,28965,0,31042,28154,10123
111073122:!111073130
111073130:tape
111073130/tape/off,08820,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111073130:"data start"
111073130:midob
111073130/onsource/TRACKING
111073130/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25668,8203
111073130/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22764
111073130/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22046
111073130/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23184
111073131/tpi/20742,22764,28568,26836,26279,$$$$$,22061,14160,25667
111073131/tpi/13947,16359,23334,0,25003,22917,8266
111073131/tsys1/64.9,65.5,71.1,72.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.1,52.6,60.2
111073131/tsys2/101.0,98.3,95.2,$$$$$$$$,96.1,100.9,102.4
111073131:!111073430
111073430:"data stop"
111073430:et
111073430:!+3s
111073433:tape
111073433/tape/off,06781,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111073433:postob
111073433:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111073433:check2c2
111073512/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111073512/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111073527:sx2c2=10
111073533/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-109.7,-0.6,0.3
111073533/decode/a,crc,pass
111073533:!111073635
111073635:tape
111073635/tape/off,06786,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111073635:st=rev,135
111073635:!111073640
111073640:preob
111073640/onsource/TRACKING
111073642/tpical/23715,26253,32559,30603,31775,$$$$$,26040,16714,29919
111073643/tpical/17807,20998,30002,0,32458,29180,10465
111073643:!111073650
111073650:tape
111073650/tape/off,06642,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111073650:"data start"
111073650:midob
111073650/onsource/TRACKING
111073650/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26206,8602
111073650/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23293
111073650/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22593
111073650/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24362
111073651/tpi/21159,23293,29239,27349,26800,$$$$$,22573,14442,26211
111073651/tpi/14490,17050,24348,0,26321,23870,8599
111073651/tsys1/68.3,69.1,77.8,75.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.5,55.1,63.5
111073651/tsys2/100.0,101.2,99.0,$$$$$$$$,99.6,103.8,106.1
111073651:!111074010
111074010:"data stop"
111074010:et
111074010:!+3s
111074013:tape
111074013/tape/off,04378,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111074013:postob
111074013:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
111074013:sx2c2=10
111074018/pass/10,10,auto,-110.0,-110.0,-110.6,-109.7,-0.6,0.3
111074019/decode/a,crc,pass
111074019:!111074515
111074515:tape
111074515/tape/off,04378,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111074515:st=rev,135
111074515:!111074520
111074520:preob
111074520/onsource/TRACKING
111074522/tpical/24393,27093,34285,32617,33484,$$$$$,27468,17759,32225
111074523/tpical/21083,24959,35213,0,38505,35000,12444
111074523:!111074530
111074530:tape
111074530/tape/off,04235,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111074530:"data start"
111074530:midob
111074530/onsource/TRACKING
111074530/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28369,10145
111074530/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24063
111074530/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24040
111074530/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,28264
111074531/tpi/21777,24063,30765,29286,28373,$$$$$,24006,15462,28384
111074531/tpi/17105,20164,28344,0,31215,28573,10161
111074531/tsys1/68.9,69.8,77.3,78.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,60.4,58.5,66.4
111074531/tsys2/98.9,98.5,95.2,$$$$$$$$,99.6,102.9,102.8
111074531:!111074800
111074800:"data stop"
111074800:et
111074800:!+3s
111074803:tape
111074803/tape/off,02533,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111074803:postob
111074803:source=1726+455,172601.2,453304.7,1950.0,neutral
111074803:midtp
111074806/tpzero/1750,556,532,102,0,$$$$$,788,523,60
111074806/tpzero/368,58,520,0,300,422,172
111074809/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111074812/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111074815/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111074815:sx2c1=11
111074825/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-54.9,-54.6,0.1,0.4
111074825/decode/a,crc,pass
111074825:fastr=1m47s
111075013:!+5s
111075018:!111075945
111075945:tape
111075945/tape/off,00140,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111075945:st=for,135
111075945:!111075950
111075950:preob
111075950/onsource/TRACKING
111075952/tpical/23579,25947,32972,31265,33207,$$$$$,26333,16998,32189
111075952/tpical/19985,23689,33841,0,36573,32925,11681
111075952:!111080000
111080000:tape
111080000/tape/off,00284,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111080000:"data start"
111080000:midob
111080000/onsource/TRACKING
111080000/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28276,9374
111080000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22903
111080000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22752
111080000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26823
111080001/tpi/20975,22903,29507,27919,28009,$$$$$,22758,14671,28257
111080001/tpi/16105,18943,27065,0,29305,26662,9436
111080001/tsys1/66.4,66.1,75.3,74.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.3,54.7,64.5
111080001/tsys2/95.3,93.5,92.1,$$$$$$$$,93.8,98.5,97.0
111080001:!111080440
111080440:"data stop"
111080440:et
111080440:!+3s
111080443:tape
111080443/tape/off,03448,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111080443:postob
111080443:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,cw
111080443:check2c1
111080522/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111080522/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111080537:sx2c1=11
111080542/pass/11,11,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.7,-55.4,-0.7,-0.4
111080543/decode/a,crc,pass
111080543:!111080645
111080645:tape
111080645/tape/off,03443,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111080645:st=for,135
111080645:!111080650
111080650:preob
111080650/onsource/TRACKING
111080652/tpical/23132,25538,32365,30804,32885,$$$$$,25365,16389,32386
111080652/tpical/19720,23430,33246,0,37280,33081,11707
111080652:!111080700
111080700:tape
111080700/tape/off,03586,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111080700:"data start"
111080700:midob
111080700/onsource/TRACKING
111080700/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28272,9445
111080700/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22484
111080700/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21776
111080700/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26521
111080701/tpi/20509,22484,28928,27411,27599,$$$$$,21712,14080,28254
111080701/tpi/15858,18702,26531,0,29856,26695,9457
111080701/tsys1/64.4,64.6,74.4,72.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.6,52.8,61.4
111080701/tsys2/94.3,92.7,91.0,$$$$$$$$,93.6,96.7,97.0
111080701:!111080830
111080830:"data stop"
111080830:et
111080830:!+3s
111080833:tape
111080833/tape/off,04613,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111080833:postob
111080833:source=1044+719,104449.7,715927.3,1950.0,cw
111080833:midtp
111080836/tpzero/1750,553,534,102,0,$$$$$,786,523,60
111080836/tpzero/369,58,521,0,299,422,173
111080839/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111080842/hpib/T +4E-07
111080845/hpib/T +6E-07
111080845:sx2c2=12
111080855/pass/12,12,auto,-55.0,-55.0,-55.8,-54.6,-0.8,0.4
111080856/decode/a,crc,pass
111080856:fastf=3m14s
111081210:!+5s
111081215:!111081235
111081235:tape
111081235/tape/off,08964,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111081235:st=rev,135
111081235:!111081240
111081240:preob
111081240?ERROR an -103
111081240?ERROR qo -301
111081240/onsource/SLEWING
111081242/tpical/23271,25676,32686,30547,32351,$$$$$,25409,16487,32312
111081242/tpical/20079,23521,33220,0,34846,31418,11651
111081242:!111081250
111081250:tape
111081250/tape/off,08821,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111081250:"data start"
111081250:midob
111081250?ERROR an -103
111081250?ERROR qo -301
111081250/onsource/SLEWING
111081250/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28284,9516
111081250/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22565
111081250/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21862
111081250/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,26102
111081251/tpi/20595,22565,29074,27141,27148,$$$$$,21866,14155,28233
111081251/tpi/15677,18262,25857,0,27211,24812,9411
111081251/tsys1/63.4,63.7,71.1,71.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.5,52.6,62.2
111081251/tsys2/81.7,81.3,80.9,$$$$$$$$,82.8,86.8,96.9
111081251:!111082300
111081343;track
111081343?ERROR an -103
111081343#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081343#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081343#antcn#OF 91.1313 0.0003 1998/111.11:13:43.30 0.1134 -0.0800
111081343#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111081403;"wx/19,765,62
111081406;"sunny
111081409;clocks
111081412/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111081415/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111081418/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111081431;track
111081431?ERROR an -103
111081431#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081431#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081431#antcn#OF 46.7462 0.0011 1998/111.11:14:31.60 0.1134 -0.0800
111081431#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111081526;track
111081526?ERROR an -103
111081526#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081526#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081526#antcn#OF 0.3247 0.0010 1998/111.11:15:26.40 0.1134 -0.0800
111081526#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111081529;track
111081529?ERROR an -103
111081529#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081529#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081529#antcn#OF 0.1474 0.0007 1998/111.11:15:29.50 0.1134 -0.0800
111081529#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111081533;track
111081533#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081533#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081533#antcn#OF 0.0005 0.0007 1998/111.11:15:33.50 0.1134 -0.0800
111081533#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111081538;"on source
111081539;track
111081539#antcn#PR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081539#antcn#TR 10.8063 71.7395 0.0000 0.0000 0.1134 -0.0800
111081539#antcn#OF -0.0001 0.0008 1998/111.11:15:39.40 0.1134 -0.0800
111081539#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111082300:"data stop"
111082300:et
111082300:!+3s
111082303:tape
111082303/tape/off,01944,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111082303:postob
111082303:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111082303:midtp
111082306/tpzero/1751,564,529,100,0,$$$$$,788,522,60
111082306/tpzero/373,58,520,0,301,422,170
111082309/hpib/T +8E-07
111082312/hpib/T +1.0E-06
111082315/hpib/T +3.9E-06
111082315:check2c2
111082354/parity/16.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111082354/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111082409:sx2c1=13
111082418/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,1.3,-0.1,1.3
111082419/decode/a,crc,pass
111082419:fastr=1m22s
111082542:!+5s
111082547:!111082855
111082855:tape
111082855/tape/off,00116,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111082855:st=for,135
111082855:!111082900
111082900:preob
111082900/onsource/TRACKING
111082902/tpical/23403,25929,32820,30883,32625,$$$$$,25421,16421,32535
111082902/tpical/17468,20819,29655,0,32224,29082,10285
111082902:!111082910
111082910:tape
111082910/tape/off,00260,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111082910:"data start"
111082910:midob
111082910/onsource/TRACKING
111082910/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28646,8214
111082910/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22848
111082910/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21924
111082910/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23398
111082911/tpi/20785,22848,29348,27469,27444,$$$$$,21894,14095,28638
111082911/tpi/13919,16458,23459,0,25525,23320,8236
111082911/tsys1/65.4,65.1,74.7,72.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.9,52.5,66.0
111082911/tsys2/89.7,88.4,87.0,$$$$$$$$,88.5,93.4,92.5
111082911:!111083230
111083230:"data stop"
111083230:et
111083230:!+3s
111083233:tape
111083233/tape/off,02524,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111083233:postob
111083233:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
111083233:check2c1
111083312/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111083312/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111083327:sx2c1=13
111083332/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
111083333/decode/a,crc,pass
111083333:!111083825
111083825:tape
111083825/tape/off,02519,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111083825:st=for,135
111083825:!111083830
111083830:preob
111083830/onsource/TRACKING
111083832/tpical/23384,25780,32617,30775,32226,$$$$$,25629,16510,31276
111083832/tpical/18195,21336,30341,0,32753,29838,10692
111083832:!111083840
111083840:tape
111083840/tape/off,02662,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111083840:"data start"
111083840:midob
111083840/onsource/TRACKING
111083840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27531,8564
111083840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22627
111083840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21956
111083840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23951
111083841/tpi/20686,22627,29114,27325,27011,$$$$$,21953,14141,27535
111083841/tpi/14502,16894,24011,0,25986,23873,8585
111083841/tsys1/63.2,63.0,73.4,71.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,51.8,51.7,66.1
111083841/tsys2/89.9,89.1,87.2,$$$$$$$$,89.2,92.4,93.9
111083841:!111084010
111084010:"data stop"
111084010:et
111084010:!+3s
111084013:tape
111084013/tape/off,03689,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111084013:postob
111084013:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
111084013:sx2c1=13
111084018/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
111084019/decode/a,crc,pass
111084019:!111084605
111084605:tape
111084605/tape/off,03689,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111084605:st=for,135
111084605:!111084610
111084610:preob
111084610/onsource/TRACKING
111084612/tpical/23375,25914,32773,30621,32298,$$$$$,25662,16493,31926
111084612/tpical/17807,21119,30108,0,32155,29588,10476
111084612:!111084620
111084620:tape
111084620/tape/off,03832,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111084620:"data start"
111084620:midob
111084620/onsource/TRACKING
111084620/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,28064,8369
111084620/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22780
111084620/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22054
111084620/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23746
111084621/tpi/20757,22780,29212,27266,27036,$$$$$,22033,14142,28047
111084621/tpi/14186,16672,23725,0,25430,23553,8381
111084621/tsys1/65.3,63.8,72.5,72.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,52.7,52.1,64.9
111084621/tsys2/89.6,87.8,85.4,$$$$$$$$,87.8,90.1,92.1
111084621:!111084750
111084750:"data stop"
111084750:et
111084750:!+3s
111084753:tape
111084753/tape/off,04859,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111084753:postob
111084753:source=1357+769,135742.2,765753.8,1950.0,cw
111084753:sx2c1=13
111084758/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
111084759/decode/a,crc,pass
111084759:!111085535
111085535:tape
111085535/tape/off,04859,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111085535:st=for,135
111085535:!111085540
111085540:preob
111085540/onsource/TRACKING
111085542/tpical/23595,26208,33034,31396,32172,$$$$$,26119,16729,31164
111085542/tpical/18077,21336,30452,0,33844,31194,10661
111085542:!111085550
111085550:tape
111085550/tape/off,05003,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111085550:"data start"
111085550:midob
111085550/onsource/TRACKING
111085550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27191,8471
111085550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23081
111085550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22510
111085550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23902
111085551/tpi/20965,23081,29477,27934,26984,$$$$$,22480,14388,27195
111085551/tpi/14302,16707,23925,0,26615,24886,8465
111085551/tsys1/65.8,64.8,73.2,72.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.6,53.3,61.5
111085551/tsys2/86.7,84.5,84.3,$$$$$$$$,85.5,91.1,88.8
111085551:!111085800
111085800:"data stop"
111085800:et
111085800:!+3s
111085803:tape
111085803/tape/off,06479,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111085803:postob
111085803:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,cw
111085803:sx2c1=13
111085808/pass/13,13,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,0.4,-0.1,0.4
111085809/decode/a,crc,pass
111085809:!111090425
111090425:tape
111090425/tape/off,06479,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111090425:st=for,135
111090425:!111090430
111090430:preob
111090430/onsource/TRACKING
111090432/tpical/23824,26537,33009,31304,32090,$$$$$,25988,16755,30662
111090433/tpical/18232,21845,30992,0,34795,31078,10900
111090433:!111090440
111090440:tape
111090440/tape/off,06623,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111090440:"data start"
111090440:midob
111090440/onsource/TRACKING
111090440/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26821,8820
111090440/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23439
111090440/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22499
111090440/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24745
111090441/tpi/21192,23439,29526,27927,26927,$$$$$,22569,14424,26849
111090441/tpi/14570,17336,24733,0,27823,25061,8815
111090441/tsys1/66.5,66.5,74.9,74.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.3,53.7,63.2
111090441/tsys2/91.1,90.0,90.9,$$$$$$$$,92.8,96.2,97.4
111090441:!111090610
111090610:"data stop"
111090610:et
111090610:!+3s
111090613:tape
111090613/tape/off,07649,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111090613:postob
111090613:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111090613:midtp
111090616/tpzero/1748,563,536,100,0,$$$$$,787,521,57
111090616/tpzero/369,56,519,0,299,423,173
111090619/hpib/T +1.6E-06
111090622/hpib/T +7E-07
111090625/hpib/T +3.9E-06
111090625:sx2c2=14
111090636/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-1.2,-0.1,-1.2
111090637/decode/a,crc,pass
111090637:fastf=0m57s
111090734:!+5s
111090739:!111090945
111090945:tape
111090945/tape/off,08918,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111090945:st=rev,135
111090945:!111090950
111090950:preob
111090950/onsource/TRACKING
111090952/tpical/23593,26282,32872,30871,31871,$$$$$,26116,16764,30422
111090952/tpical/18071,21377,30519,0,32369,29282,10701
111090952:!111091000
111091000:tape
111091000/tape/off,08775,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111091000:"data start"
111091000:midob
111091000/onsource/TRACKING
111091000/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26491,8575
111091000/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23172
111091000/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22500
111091000/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24097
111091001/tpi/20941,23172,29357,27508,26622,$$$$$,22508,14383,26504
111091001/tpi/14429,16959,24121,0,25552,23359,8589
111091001/tsys1/65.1,65.4,73.8,73.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.2,52.4,60.8
111091001/tsys2/90.7,89.9,86.7,$$$$$$$$,87.1,91.0,93.6
111091001:!111091320
111091320:"data stop"
111091320:et
111091320:!+3s
111091323:tape
111091323/tape/off,06511,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111091323:postob
111091323:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
111091323:check2c2
111091402/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111091402/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111091417:sx2c2=14
111091422/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-1.2,-0.1,-1.2
111091423/decode/a,crc,pass
111091423:!111091925
111091925:tape
111091925/tape/off,06516,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111091925:st=rev,135
111091925:!111091930
111091930:preob
111091930/onsource/TRACKING
111091932/tpical/23785,26420,32717,30831,31456,$$$$$,25778,16597,29898
111091932/tpical/17984,21187,30130,0,32376,29767,10588
111091932:!111091940
111091940:tape
111091940/tape/off,06372,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111091940:"data start"
111091940:midob
111091940/onsource/TRACKING
111091940/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26023,8506
111091940/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23314
111091940/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22373
111091940/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23883
111091941/tpi/21176,23314,29202,27403,26329,$$$$$,22381,14229,26024
111091941/tpi/14260,16678,23788,0,25528,23745,8457
111091941/tsys1/67.0,65.9,73.4,71.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.2,52.1,60.3
111091941/tsys2/87.7,86.6,86.2,$$$$$$$$,86.6,91.0,91.4
111091941:!111092110
111092110:"data stop"
111092110:et
111092110:!+3s
111092113:tape
111092113/tape/off,05346,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111092113:postob
111092113:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
111092113:sx2c2=14
111092118/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-1.2,-0.1,-1.2
111092119/decode/a,crc,pass
111092119:!111092305
111092305:tape
111092305/tape/off,05346,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111092305:st=rev,135
111092305:!111092310
111092310:preob
111092310/onsource/TRACKING
111092312/tpical/23321,25722,32595,30702,32183,$$$$$,25471,16582,31229
111092313/tpical/18479,21510,30493,0,32897,30214,10773
111092313:!111092320
111092320:tape
111092320/tape/off,05202,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111092320:"data start"
111092320:midob
111092320/onsource/TRACKING
111092320/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27252,8670
111092320/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22631
111092320/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21925
111092320/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24231
111092321/tpi/20692,22631,29023,27250,26940,$$$$$,21928,14235,27245
111092321/tpi/14857,17081,24245,0,26179,24252,8679
111092321/tsys1/64.9,64.3,71.8,70.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,53.7,52.6,61.4
111092321/tsys2/94.0,90.3,89.2,$$$$$$$$,90.5,93.9,95.5
111092321:!111092540
111092540:"data stop"
111092540:et
111092540:!+3s
111092543:tape
111092543/tape/off,03613,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111092543:postob
111092543:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
111092543:sx2c2=14
111092548/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-1.2,-0.1,-1.2
111092549/decode/a,crc,pass
111092549:!111093125
111093125:tape
111093125/tape/off,03613,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111093125:st=rev,135
111093125:!111093130
111093130:preob
111093130/onsource/TRACKING
111093132/tpical/23434,26043,32840,30673,31735,$$$$$,25284,16539,30990
111093133/tpical/18503,21787,30925,0,33008,30350,10799
111093133:!111093140
111093140:tape
111093140/tape/off,03470,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111093140:"data start"
111093140:midob
111093140/onsource/TRACKING
111093140/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27140,8675
111093140/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22994
111093140/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21831
111093140/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24652
111093141/tpi/20818,22994,29346,27345,26578,$$$$$,21848,14213,27149
111093141/tpi/14857,17336,24640,0,26299,24415,8666
111093141/tsys1/65.6,66.2,74.2,73.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.2,53.0,63.5
111093141/tsys2/93.4,91.2,90.2,$$$$$$$$,91.1,95.0,93.6
111093141:!111093310
111093310:"data stop"
111093310:et
111093310:!+3s
111093313:tape
111093313/tape/off,02443,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111093313:postob
111093313:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
111093313:sx2c2=14
111093318/pass/14,14,auto,0.0,0.0,-0.1,-1.2,-0.1,-1.2
111093319/decode/a,crc,pass
111093319:!111095145
111093627;"wx/20,765,68
111093630;"sunny
111093634;clocks
111093637/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111093640/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111093643/hpib/T +1.6E-06
111093644;track
111093644#antcn#PR 3.6567 -1.7853 0.0000 0.0000 0.0782 -0.0935
111093644#antcn#TR 3.6567 -1.7853 0.0000 0.0000 0.0782 -0.0935
111093644#antcn#OF 0.0004 0.0009 1998/111.12:36:44.20 0.0782 -0.0935
111093644#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111095145:tape
111095145/tape/off,02443,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111095145:st=rev,135
111095145:!111095150
111095150:preob
111095150/onsource/TRACKING
111095152/tpical/23384,25854,32066,29776,30967,$$$$$,25460,16228,29288
111095153/tpical/18824,22254,31567,0,34105,30822,11026
111095153:!111095200
111095200:tape
111095200/tape/off,02299,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111095200:"data start"
111095200:midob
111095200/onsource/TRACKING
111095200/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25734,8831
111095200/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23017
111095200/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22142
111095200/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24928
111095201/tpi/20930,23017,28810,26722,26197,$$$$$,22160,14079,25735
111095201/tpi/14925,17533,24960,0,27127,24772,8830
111095201/tsys1/70.3,71.2,78.2,78.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.3,56.8,65.0
111095201/tsys2/87.7,87.0,86.9,$$$$$$$$,90.3,94.6,92.6
111095201:!111095330
111095330:"data stop"
111095330:et
111095330:!+3s
111095333:tape
111095333/tape/off,01273,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111095333:postob
111095333:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111095333:midtp
111095336/tpzero/1748,569,531,100,0,$$$$$,786,523,60
111095336/tpzero/373,57,522,0,302,421,175
111095339/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111095342/hpib/T +6E-07
111095345/hpib/T +7E-07
111095345:sx2c1=15
111095355/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,55.5,0.6,0.5
111095356/decode/a,crc,pass
111095356:fastr=0m52s
111095449:!+5s
111095454:!111095845
111095845:tape
111095845/tape/off,00117,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111095845:st=for,135
111095845:!111095850
111095850:preob
111095850/onsource/TRACKING
111095852/tpical/22881,25342,31888,29686,30957,$$$$$,25098,16128,30147
111095852/tpical/18692,22048,31622,0,33820,30722,11041
111095853:!111095900
111095900:tape
111095900/tape/off,00261,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111095900:"data start"
111095900:midob
111095900/onsource/TRACKING
111095900/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26651,8799
111095900/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22541
111095900/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21846
111095900/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24972
111095901/tpi/20493,22541,28714,26659,26236,$$$$$,21877,14017,26654
111095901/tpi/14856,17370,24998,0,26817,24641,8818
111095901/tsys1/70.6,70.6,79.9,79.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.9,57.5,68.5
111095901/tsys2/88.7,87.0,86.8,$$$$$$$$,89.0,93.6,91.4
111095901:!111100230
111100230:"data stop"
111100230:et
111100230:!+3s
111100233:tape
111100233/tape/off,02637,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111100233:postob
111100233:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
111100233:check2c1
111100312/parity/0.,0.,0.,16.,0.,16.,0.
111100312/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111100327:sx2c1=15
111100332/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,55.5,0.6,0.5
111100333/decode/a,crc,pass
111100333:!111100745
111100745:tape
111100745/tape/off,02632,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111100745:st=for,135
111100745:!111100750
111100750:preob
111100750/onsource/TRACKING
111100752/tpical/23165,25626,31757,29482,30121,$$$$$,24643,16064,28858
111100752/tpical/18899,22360,31685,0,34103,30984,11086
111100752:!111100800
111100800:tape
111100800/tape/off,02776,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111100800:"data start"
111100800:midob
111100800/onsource/TRACKING
111100800/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25375,8962
111100800/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22850
111100800/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21463
111100800/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25328
111100801/tpi/20760,22850,28525,26462,25482,$$$$$,21428,13959,25380
111100801/tpi/15153,17761,25246,0,27299,25002,8941
111100801/tsys1/71.1,72.2,78.0,78.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.8,57.4,65.5
111100801/tsys2/92.7,90.5,90.2,$$$$$$$$,93.2,96.6,96.0
111100801:!111100930
111100930:"data stop"
111100930:et
111100930:!+3s
111100933:tape
111100933/tape/off,03802,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111100933:postob
111100933:source=0454-234,045457.3,-232928.3,1950.0,neutral
111100933:sx2c1=15
111100938/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,55.5,0.6,0.5
111100939/decode/a,crc,pass
111100939:!111101625
111101625:tape
111101625/tape/off,03802,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111101625:st=for,135
111101625:!111101630
111101630:preob
111101630/onsource/TRACKING
111101632/tpical/24117,26791,33368,31018,32268,$$$$$,26162,17230,30740
111101632/tpical/19240,22765,32480,0,34742,31803,11301
111101632:!111101640
111101640:tape
111101640/tape/off,03946,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111101640:"data start"
111101640:midob
111101640/onsource/TRACKING
111101640/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26921,9125
111101640/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23737
111101640/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22690
111101640/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,25976
111101641/tpi/21509,23737,29912,27740,27230,$$$$$,22658,14906,26935
111101641/tpi/15368,18045,25836,0,27750,25724,9079
111101641/tsys1/68.2,68.3,76.5,75.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.2,55.7,63.6
111101641/tsys2/91.0,89.6,89.5,$$$$$$$$,92.3,97.8,94.2
111101641:!111101810
111101810:"data stop"
111101810:et
111101810:!+3s
111101813:tape
111101813/tape/off,04972,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111101813:postob
111101813:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
111101813:sx2c1=15
111101818/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,55.5,0.6,0.5
111101819/decode/a,crc,pass
111101819:!111102025
111102025:tape
111102025/tape/off,04972,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111102025:st=for,135
111102025:!111102030
111102030:preob
111102030/onsource/TRACKING
111102032/tpical/22478,24701,31274,29158,30540,$$$$$,24749,15922,30451
111102032/tpical/18707,22059,31142,0,33570,30632,10965
111102033:!111102040
111102040:tape
111102040/tape/off,05116,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111102040:"data start"
111102040:midob
111102040/onsource/TRACKING
111102040/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26848,8746
111102040/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21858
111102040/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21404
111102040/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24686
111102041/tpi/20047,21858,28027,26123,25824,$$$$$,21430,13735,26876
111102041/tpi/14935,17432,24664,0,26677,24603,8736
111102041/tsys1/67.7,67.4,76.2,77.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.0,54.4,67.5
111102041/tsys2/90.7,88.2,87.6,$$$$$$$$,89.9,94.3,90.3
111102041:!111102300
111102300:"data stop"
111102300:et
111102300:!+3s
111102303:tape
111102303/tape/off,06705,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111102303:postob
111102303:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
111102303:sx2c1=15
111102308/pass/15,15,auto,55.0,55.0,55.6,55.5,0.6,0.5
111102309/decode/a,crc,pass
111102309:!111102535
111102535:tape
111102535/tape/off,06705,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111102535:st=for,135
111102535:!111102540
111102540:preob
111102540/onsource/TRACKING
111102542/tpical/22961,25463,31776,29387,30502,$$$$$,25056,16130,29218
111102542/tpical/18588,21592,30786,0,32974,30159,10837
111102543:!111102550
111102550:tape
111102550/tape/off,06848,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111102550:"data start"
111102550:midob
111102550/onsource/TRACKING
111102550/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25718,8647
111102550/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22642
111102550/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21726
111102550/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24380
111102551/tpi/20584,22642,28639,26422,25780,$$$$$,21677,14011,25720
111102551/tpi/14856,17012,24295,0,26195,24235,8636
111102551/tsys1/71.3,70.4,80.6,79.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.6,57.3,66.0
111102551/tsys2/91.2,87.0,86.1,$$$$$$$$,89.8,94.5,90.3
111102551:!111102720
111102720:"data stop"
111102720:et
111102720:!+3s
111102723:tape
111102723/tape/off,07874,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111102723:postob
111102723:source=0457+024,045715.5,022505.7,1950.0,neutral
111102723:midtp
111102726/tpzero/1751,567,532,101,0,$$$$$,788,524,60
111102726/tpzero/370,57,522,0,300,420,172
111102729/hpib/T +1.1E-06
111102732/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111102735/hpib/T +1.4E-06
111102735:sx2c2=16
111102746/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,54.6,-0.3,-0.4
111102746/decode/a,crc,pass
111102746:fastf=0m47s
111102834:!+5s
111102839:!111102905
111102905:tape
111102905/tape/off,08918,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111102905:st=rev,135
111102905:!111102910
111102910:preob
111102910/onsource/TRACKING
111102912/tpical/22896,25418,31750,29339,30388,$$$$$,24935,16034,29225
111102913/tpical/18379,21661,30855,0,33063,30288,10802
111102913:!111102920
111102920:tape
111102920/tape/off,08774,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111102920:"data start"
111102920:midob
111102920/onsource/TRACKING
111102920/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25718,8660
111102920/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22576
111102920/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21729
111102920/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,24405
111102921/tpi/20490,22576,28578,26335,25656,$$$$$,21727,13901,25718
111102921/tpi/14656,17103,24455,0,26276,24356,8668
111102921/tsys1/70.1,69.7,79.6,78.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.7,56.4,65.8
111102921/tsys2/90.2,87.9,87.9,$$$$$$$$,89.9,94.8,93.6
111102921:!111103210
111103210:"data stop"
111103210:et
111103210:!+3s
111103213:tape
111103213/tape/off,06848,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111103213:postob
111103213:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
111103213:check2c2
111103252/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111103252/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111103307:sx2c2=16
111103312/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,55.5,54.6,0.5,-0.4
111103313/decode/a,crc,pass
111103313:!111104035
111103727;"wx/20,765,67
111103729;"sunny
111103731;clocks
111103734/hpib/T +5E-07
111103737/hpib/T +4.6E-06
111103740/hpib/T +8E-07
111104035:tape
111104035/tape/off,06853,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111104035:st=rev,135
111104035:!111104040
111104040:preob
111104040/onsource/TRACKING
111104042/tpical/22687,25202,31701,29288,30263,$$$$$,24332,15892,29823
111104042/tpical/17388,20553,29456,0,31734,29225,10308
111104043:!111104050
111104050:tape
111104050/tape/off,06709,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111104050:"data start"
111104050:midob
111104050/onsource/TRACKING
111104050/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26439,8302
111104050/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22485
111104050/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21131
111104050/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23425
111104051/tpi/20391,22485,28620,26318,25674,$$$$$,21104,13810,26432
111104051/tpi/13943,16347,23440,0,25367,23640,8308
111104051/tsys1/73.1,72.6,82.0,79.4,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,56.6,57.4,70.0
111104051/tsys2/92.6,91.0,89.5,$$$$$$$$,92.5,97.7,95.6
111104051:!111104220
111104220:"data stop"
111104220:et
111104220:!+3s
111104223:tape
111104223/tape/off,05683,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111104223:postob
111104223:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
111104223:sx2c2=16
111104228/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,54.6,-0.3,-0.4
111104229/decode/a,crc,pass
111104229:!111104405
111104405:tape
111104405/tape/off,05683,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111104405:st=rev,135
111104405:!111104410
111104410:preob
111104410/onsource/TRACKING
111104412/tpical/22813,25292,31851,29387,30356,$$$$$,24202,15890,30140
111104413/tpical/17451,20627,29530,0,31949,29563,10400
111104413:!111104420
111104420:tape
111104420/tape/off,05539,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111104420:"data start"
111104420:midob
111104420/onsource/TRACKING
111104420/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26781,8339
111104420/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22587
111104420/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21019
111104420/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23426
111104421/tpi/20474,22587,28680,26419,25742,$$$$$,21019,13810,26786
111104421/tpi/13886,16309,23432,0,25447,23769,8322
111104421/tsys1/72.0,73.3,79.9,79.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.2,57.5,71.7
111104421/tsys2/89.1,88.4,88.3,$$$$$$$$,90.9,94.7,92.2
111104421:!111104550
111104550:"data stop"
111104550:et
111104550:!+3s
111104553:tape
111104553/tape/off,04512,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111104553:postob
111104553:source=0059+581,005943.5,580804.4,1950.0,neutral
111104553:sx2c2=16
111104558/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,55.5,54.6,0.5,-0.4
111104559/decode/a,crc,pass
111104559:!111105115
111105115:tape
111105115/tape/off,04512,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111105115:st=rev,135
111105115:!111105120
111105120:preob
111105120/onsource/TRACKING
111105122/tpical/22353,24588,30815,28824,30042,$$$$$,23630,15795,29586
111105122/tpical/17449,20743,29730,0,32856,29632,10476
111105122:!111105130
111105130:tape
111105130/tape/off,04369,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111105130:"data start"
111105130:midob
111105130/onsource/TRACKING
111105130/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26120,8464
111105130/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21913
111105130/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20587
111105130/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23614
111105131/tpi/20035,21913,27873,25816,25471,$$$$$,20582,13688,26116
111105131/tpi/14029,16529,23710,0,26365,24034,8488
111105131/tsys1/71.0,71.8,83.6,76.9,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.4,56.2,67.6
111105131/tsys2/93.9,91.9,90.5,$$$$$$$$,94.4,99.1,98.3
111105131:!111105300
111105300:"data stop"
111105300:et
111105300:!+3s
111105303:tape
111105303/tape/off,03342,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111105303:postob
111105303:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
111105303:sx2c2=16
111105308/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,54.6,-0.3,-0.4
111105309/decode/a,crc,pass
111105309:!111105655
111105655:tape
111105655/tape/off,03342,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111105655:st=rev,135
111105655:!111105700
111105700:preob
111105700/onsource/TRACKING
111105702/tpical/22444,24824,31204,28918,29893,$$$$$,24209,15670,30488
111105703/tpical/17067,20125,28971,0,30688,28191,10133
111105703:!111105710
111105710:tape
111105710/tape/off,03199,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111105710:"data start"
111105710:midob
111105710/onsource/TRACKING
111105710/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27033,8047
111105710/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22110
111105710/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21077
111105710/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22754
111105711/tpi/20153,22110,28141,25903,25330,$$$$$,21043,13609,27043
111105711/tpi/13569,15811,22811,0,24271,22523,8078
111105711/tsys1/72.3,71.4,81.1,77.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,57.6,57.1,70.5
111105711/tsys2/88.7,85.8,85.0,$$$$$$$$,87.8,91.6,90.4
111105711:!111105840
111105840:"data stop"
111105840:et
111105840:!+3s
111105843:tape
111105843/tape/off,02172,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111105843:postob
111105843:source=0804+499,080458.4,495923.2,1950.0,neutral
111105843:sx2c2=16
111105848/pass/16,16,auto,55.0,55.0,54.7,54.6,-0.3,-0.4
111105849/decode/a,crc,pass
111105849:!111110115
111110115:tape
111110115/tape/off,02172,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111110115:st=rev,135
111110115:!111110120
111110120:preob
111110120/onsource/TRACKING
111110122/tpical/22394,24783,30868,28629,29056,$$$$$,23791,15581,28170
111110122/tpical/15613,18444,26574,0,29086,27014,9291
111110123:!111110130
111110130:tape
111110130/tape/off,02029,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111110130:"data start"
111110130:midob
111110130/onsource/TRACKING
111110130/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,24803,7546
111110130/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22059
111110130/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20721
111110130/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21239
111110131/tpi/20088,22059,27753,25699,24538,$$$$$,20732,13517,24815
111110131/tpi/12621,14722,21260,0,23370,21909,7545
111110131/tsys1/71.6,71.0,78.6,78.6,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.7,56.7,66.4
111110131/tsys2/96.2,92.6,91.7,$$$$$$$$,94.8,98.9,99.2
111110131:!111110350
111110350:"data stop"
111110350:et
111110350:!+3s
111110353:tape
111110353/tape/off,00440,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111110353:postob
111110353:source=0048-097,004810.0,-094524.3,1950.0,neutral
111110353:midtp
111110356/tpzero/1749,568,535,100,0,$$$$$,788,521,60
111110356/tpzero/374,60,523,0,301,422,171
111110359/hpib/T +1.6E-06
111110402/hpib/T +7E-07
111110405/hpib/T +9E-07
111110405:sx2c1=17
111110415/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,108.7,109.7,-1.3,-0.3
111110416/decode/a,crc,pass
111110416:fastr=0m14s
111110431:!+5s
111110436:!111110905
111110905:tape
111110905/tape/off,00139,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111110905:st=for,135
111110905:!111110910
111110910:preob
111110910/onsource/TRACKING
111110912/tpical/22633,24977,31416,28987,30669,$$$$$,24360,15865,30570
111110912/tpical/14000,16611,24392,0,26555,24945,8463
111110912:!111110920
111110920:tape
111110920/tape/off,00283,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111110920:"data start"
111110920:midob
111110920/onsource/TRACKING
111110920/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,26938,7161
111110920/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22117
111110920/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21059
111110920/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20428
111110921/tpi/20165,22117,28160,25874,25843,$$$$$,21082,13661,26943
111110921/tpi/11779,13824,20375,0,22014,20872,7149
111110921/tsys1/67.2,67.8,76.4,74.5,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,55.7,53.7,66.7
111110921/tsys2/120.7,116.1,116.1,$$$$$$$$,112.4,118.0,124.8
111110921:!111111450
111111450:"data stop"
111111450:et
111111450:!+3s
111111453:tape
111111453/tape/off,04009,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111111453:postob
111111453:source=0552+398,055201.4,394821.9,1950.0,neutral
111111453:check2c1
111111532/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111111532/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111111547:sx2c1=17
111111552/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,107.9,110.5,-2.1,0.5
111111553/decode/a,crc,pass
111111553:!111111955
111111955:tape
111111955/tape/off,04004,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111111955:st=for,135
111111955:!111112000
111112000:preob
111112000/onsource/TRACKING
111112002/tpical/22806,25253,31706,29234,30378,$$$$$,24330,15863,31024
111112002/tpical/15300,18173,26257,0,28910,26882,9201
111112002:!111112010
111112010:tape
111112010/tape/off,04148,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111112010:"data start"
111112010:midob
111112010/onsource/TRACKING
111112010/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27571,7525
111112010/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22505
111112010/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21253
111112010/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21133
111112011/tpi/20483,22505,28600,26263,25856,$$$$$,21257,13774,27566
111112011/tpi/12360,14565,21066,0,23314,21901,7494
111112011/tsys1/72.6,71.8,81.3,79.3,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,59.9,57.1,71.6
111112011/tsys2/95.8,94.5,93.0,$$$$$$$$,96.6,101.3,100.8
111112011:!111112140
111112140:"data stop"
111112140:et
111112140:!+3s
111112143:tape
111112143/tape/off,05174,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111112143:postob
111112143:source=cta26,033658.9,-015616.9,1950.0,neutral
111112143:sx2c1=17
111112148/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,107.9,109.7,-2.1,-0.3
111112149/decode/a,crc,pass
111112149:!111113015
111113015:tape
111113015/tape/off,05174,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111113015:st=for,135
111113015:!111113020
111113020:preob
111113020/onsource/TRACKING
111113022/tpical/22365,24669,30797,28269,29823,$$$$$,23730,15582,28588
111113022/tpical/15261,17925,25709,0,28101,26040,9192
111113023:!111113030
111113030:tape
111113030/tape/off,05318,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111113030:"data start"
111113030:midob
111113030/onsource/TRACKING
111113030/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25160,7384
111113030/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21976
111113030/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20708
111113030/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,20439
111113031/tpi/20038,21976,27715,25354,25261,$$$$$,20720,13533,25159
111113031/tpi/12263,14248,20498,0,22451,21021,7392
111113031/tsys1/70.7,71.5,79.4,78.0,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,59.6,57.2,65.9
111113031/tsys2/93.2,90.7,90.1,$$$$$$$$,92.1,96.4,94.3
111113031:!111113200
111113200:"data stop"
111113200:et
111113200:!+3s
111113203:tape
111113203/tape/off,06344,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111113203:postob
111113203:source=2234+282,223401.7,281323.0,1950.0,neutral
111113203:sx2c1=17
111113208/pass/17,17,auto,110.0,110.0,108.7,109.7,-1.3,-0.3
111113209/decode/a,crc,pass
111113209:!111113905
111113905:tape
111113905/tape/off,06344,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111113905:st=for,135
111113905:!111113910
111113910:preob
111113910/onsource/TRACKING
111113912/tpical/22755,25013,31234,28785,30641,$$$$$,24455,15920,29175
111113912/tpical/14466,17247,25002,0,27620,25526,8792
111113913:!111113920
111113920:tape
111113920/tape/off,06488,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111113920:"data start"
111113920:midob
111113920/onsource/TRACKING
111113920/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25589,7059
111113920/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22130
111113920/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21116
111113920/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,19709
111113921/tpi/20231,22130,27882,25681,25833,$$$$$,21124,13745,25588
111113921/tpi/11526,13592,19751,0,21938,20537,7077
111113921/tsys1/65.9,67.3,73.4,74.2,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,54.9,54.7,64.1
111113921/tsys2/89.1,87.0,86.1,$$$$$$$$,89.5,94.7,94.6
111113921:!111114250
111114250:"data stop"
111114250:et
111114250:!+3s
111114253:tape
111114253/tape/off,08864,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111114253:postob
111114253:source=ok290,095400.0,252933.8,1950.0,neutral
111114253:midtp
111114255/tpzero/1747,567,527,101,0,$$$$$,791,522,63
111114256/tpzero/375,59,524,0,301,420,173
111114259/hpib/T +6E-07
111114302/hpib/T +8E-07
111114305/hpib/T +9E-07
111114305:sx2c2=18
111114317/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,111.1,108.9,1.1,-1.1
111114318/decode/a,crc,pass
111114318:!111114825
111114825:tape
111114825/tape/off,08864,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111114825:st=rev,135
111114825:!111114830
111114830:preob
111114830/onsource/TRACKING
111114832/tpical/23528,26063,32844,30374,31311,$$$$$,25811,16651,31338
111114833/tpical/15546,18332,26440,0,29099,27203,9254
111114833:!111114840
111114840:tape
111114840/tape/off,08720,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111114840:"data start"
111114840:midob
111114840/onsource/TRACKING
111114840/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,27654,7442
111114840/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23158
111114840/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22513
111114840/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21005
111114841/tpi/21022,23158,29523,27231,26532,$$$$$,22491,14413,27668
111114841/tpi/12440,14482,21059,0,23204,21977,7455
111114841/tsys1/69.2,70.0,78.6,77.7,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,58.8,55.9,67.7
111114841/tsys2/91.3,88.0,89.7,$$$$$$$$,91.3,96.9,95.1
111114841:!111115010
111115010:"data stop"
111115010:et
111115010:!+3s
111115013:tape
111115013/tape/off,07694,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111115013:postob
111115013:source=0528+134,052806.7,132942.3,1950.0,neutral
111115013:check2c2
111115052/parity/0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
111115052/parity/0,0,0,0,0,0,0
111115107:sx2c2=18
111115112/pass/18,18,auto,110.0,110.0,111.1,108.9,1.1,-1.1
111115113/decode/a,crc,pass
111115113:!111115625
111115618;"wx/18,765,68
111115620;"sunny
111115622;clokcs
111115622?ERROR sp -4
111115624;clocks
111115625:tape
111115625/tape/off,07701,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111115625:st=rev,135
111115625:!111115630
111115627/hpib/T +1.2E-06
111115630/hpib/T +1.3E-06
111115630:preob
111115630/onsource/TRACKING
111115633/tpical/23458,25976,32014,29359,30175,$$$$$,25287,16111,29037
111115633/tpical/15588,18489,26397,0,29342,26856,9418
111115633:!111115640
111115634/hpib/T +3.9E-06
111115638;track
111115638#antcn#PR 5.5137 13.5290 0.0000 0.0000 0.0953 -0.0974
111115638#antcn#TR 5.5137 13.5290 0.0000 0.0000 0.0953 -0.0974
111115638#antcn#OF 0.0008 0.0007 1998/111.14:56:37.70 0.0953 -0.0974
111115638#antcn#ST CCW OnLine RADc
111115640:tape
111115640/tape/off,07557,norm,moving,nostop,locked,ready,rem
111115640:"data start"
111115640:midob
111115640/onsource/TRACKING
111115640/ifd/10,2,nor,nor,rem,25649,7630
111115640/vc02/140.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,23274
111115640/vc07/470.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,22198
111115640/vc11/217.99,2.000,u,10,10,rem,lock,21063
111115641/tpi/21137,23274,28933,26460,25706,$$$$$,22166,14049,25654
111115641/tpi/12482,14680,20951,0,23480,21657,7599
111115641/tsys1/75.2,75.6,83.0,81.8,$$$$$$$$,$$$$$$$$,61.6,59.0,68.1
111115641/tsys2/91.6,90.2,88.1,$$$$$$$$,92.9,96.0,95.9
111115641:!111115810
111115810:"data stop"
111115810:et
111115810:!+3s
111115813:tape
111115813/tape/off,06531,norm,stopped,stop,unlock,ready,rem
111115813:postob
111115813:fastr=4m49s
111120302:unlod
111120314/ !!!! wake up !!!!
111120314:*end of schedule
111120354;log=station
| en |
markdown | 329110 | # Presentation: 329110
## Cross Polar Trans East Air Traffic Management Providers’ Work Group
**Summary of the 30****th**** Meeting of the ICAO RVSM Implementation Task Force (RVSM in China)**
**Presented by: **** ****FAA**
**Date: **** ****April 24, 2007**
## Trans-Regional Airspace and Supporting ATM Systems Steering Group First Meeting (TRASAS/1)
**First Meeting to consider China RVSM**
- The Thirtieth Meeting of the ICAO RVSM Implementation Task Force (RVSM/TF/30) was held from 12 to 16 March 2007 at ICAO Asia and Pacific Office, Bangkok, Thailand. The RVSM/TF/30 was the first meeting to consider planning of RVSM in Chinese FIRs.
- The RVSM/TF/30 was attended by 106 participants from China, Hong Kong China, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United States, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam,
- IATA, IFALPA and IFATCA representatives also attended.
## Key Discussion Areas
- Greatest challenge in RVSM implementation in China was the conversions from meter to feet, which may result in errors after being rounded
**China will not follow the feet system and continued argument on this issue will only result in delaying the implementation on RVSM**
- RVSM Flight Level Allocation System (FLAS) in China
- Possibility of a breakdown in separation during the transition between a China RVSM level and a feet flight level
**For example, a Chinese ACC assigns an eastbound aircraft 8900m which would correspond to FL 291 whereas the westbound aircraft could be operating at FL 300 from a neighboring FIR**
- In order to identify the transition activities resulting from the implementation of RVSM with the metric system in China and to facilitate the amendment process of the LOAs by China and States concerned, the meeting worked out a table of the transition activities
## Safety and Airspace Monitoring Considerations
- The meeting reviewed the readiness of aircraft and airlines for RVSM operations that will be operated in the China RVSM airspace
**Noted that 78 % of Chinese operators’ domestic fleets had been RVSM approved and some Chinese operators had already had experience of operating in RVSM airspace**
- China would also follow the same target of 90% approved aircraft as was used in the Pacific RVSM
- It was confirmed that China was responsible for the safety assessment for RVSM implementation in the Chinese airspace
## Harmonization of RVSM Flight Level Allocation System (FLAS)
- China was coordinating with the Russian Federation on the possibility of enhancing mutual coordination with Mongolia and Russia Federation, and implementing the same RVSM level allocation system
- A proposal by China of two options for a common China and Russia RVSM level system. The only difference between the Option One and Two was 8400m vs. 8500m.
**Advantage of Option One was:**
**Using 8400m is consistent with the current arrangement of eastbound level being odd, westbound level being even**
**Advantage of Option Two was: **
**Level 8500m is closer to FL 280**
- Russian Federation agreed to fully support China FLAS (including the adoption of 8400m) and will make a joint proposal for amendment of ICAO Annex 2 with China in due time
## Considered RVSM Flight Level Allocation in China
**Considered RVSM Flight Level Allocation in China**
## Implementation Date
- It was agreed to progress the work to introduce RVSM in the Chinese FIRs on 22 November 2007 | en |
converted_docs | 907775 | **U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR**
**JUSTIFICATION FOR NEW OR REPLACEMENT HOUSING**
Bureau:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Installation Name/Org.
Code:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Is This a Part of the Approved Housing Management Program? Yes No
Nearest Established Community:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Miles From
Installation: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Number of Quarters Required: New: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Replacement:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Number of Quarters at Installation: Permanent: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Seasonal: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Number of Employees at Installation: Permanent: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Seasonal: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
When were Last Quarters Acquired?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ How
Many:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Kind: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Justification for quarters. Briefly summarize the justification set
forth in the Housing Requirements Analysis (HRA):
Availability of alternative private housing (sale or rental); include
various rental/purchase prices for different size homes, apartments,
etc.
Recommended
By:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Reviewed & Concurred
By:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Approval Recommended
By:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Approval
By:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Date\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**FORM DI 1871** 4/1/2008 Replaces 4/25/1985
| en |
all-txt-docs | 406403 | Time,Size,Location,County,State,Lat,Lon,Comments
1245,75,4 S ALVARADO,POLK,MN,48.13,-97,(FGF)
1424,100,4 W BIG SANDY,CHOUTEAU,MT,48.18,-110.2,(TFX)
1435,150,5 ENE ROCKY BOY,HILL,MT,48.27,-109.69,(TFX)
1450,88,LLOYD,BLAINE,MT,48.29,-109.36,(TFX)
1538,75,11 NNE HARLEM,BLAINE,MT,48.68,-108.67,(TFX)
1540,175,4 W HARLEM,BLAINE,MT,48.53,-108.87,GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL FELL. (TFX)
1715,175,2 S HURST,FANNIN,GA,34.81,-84.19,PUBLIC REPORTED GOLFBALL SIZED HAIL HAD CRACKED VEHICLE WINDSHIELD AS WELL AS 55 MPH WINDS ALONG HWY. 60 NEAR WILSCOT MOUNTAIN. (FFC)
1722,100,7 S CARIBOU,KITTSON,MN,48.88,-96.45,HAIL FELL FOR ABOUT 8 MINUTES...UNTIL 1230 PM CDT. (FGF)
1723,100,11 WNW HAUG,ROSEAU,MN,48.88,-96.41,(FGF)
1744,175,6 N BADGER,ROSEAU,MN,48.86,-96.02,(FGF)
1746,88,7 S CARIBOU,KITTSON,MN,48.88,-96.45,(FGF)
1750,75,10 SSE CURRIE,PENDER,NC,34.34,-78.03,PEA TO PENNY SIZE HAIL ON HIGHWAY 421 JUST NORTH OF THE NEW HANOVER COUNTY LINE. (ILM)
1752,75,3 NNW WILMINGTON,NEW HANOVER,NC,34.25,-77.93,PEA TO PENNY SIZED HAIL. (ILM)
1755,75,2 E LELAND,BRUNSWICK,NC,34.24,-78.01,DIME TO PENNY SIZE HAIL ON OLD MILL ROAD. (ILM)
1802,175,2 NW ROSEAU,ROSEAU,MN,48.87,-95.79,(FGF)
1805,88,3 NW CLEVELAND,WHITE,GA,34.63,-83.8,EMA MANAGER RECEIVED REPORT OF NICKEL SIZED HAIL,60 MPH WINDS,AND DOWNED TREE LIMBS AT INTERSECTION OF HWY 75A AND HWY 129. (FFC)
1905,75,CANDLER,HALL,GA,34.21,-83.78,REPORTED DIME TO PENNY SIZED HAIL. (FFC)
1959,75,CUMMING,FORSYTH,GA,34.21,-84.14,REPORTED AT A LOCATION OFF OF DEVONSHIRE WAY. (FFC)
2025,88,ROYSTON,FRANKLIN,GA,34.29,-83.11,911 CENTER REPORTED NICKEL HAIL IN SHOPPING CENTER PARKING LOT. (GSP)
2035,88,3 SW MOUNT CARMEL,FLEMING,KY,38.45,-83.68,NICKEL-SIZED HAIL AT DALESBURG. (JKL)
2037,100,1 E LAURENS,LAURENS,SC,34.5,-82.01,(GSP)
2100,75,WHITE,BARTOW,GA,34.28,-84.75,(FFC)
2148,75,FAIRMOUNT,GORDON,GA,34.44,-84.7,DIME SIZED HAIL REPORTED. (FFC)
2153,100,FREE HOME,CHEROKEE,GA,34.24,-84.29,(FFC)
2200,75,WARE SHOALS,GREENWOOD,SC,34.39,-82.24,WARE SHOALS FD REPORTS PENNY SIZED HAIL FELL AROUND 6 PM. (GSP)
2200,88,HICKORY TAVERN,LAURENS,SC,34.52,-82.19,NICKEL SIZED HAIL REPORTED IN HICKORY TAVERN AROUND FAIRVIEW ROAD. (GSP)
2205,88,CERULEAN,TRIGG,KY,36.96,-87.71,NICKEL SIZED HAIL AND A TREE REPORTED DOWN IN THE NORTHEASTERN PORTION OF THE COUNTY NEAR CERULEAN. (PAH)
2215,75,CHRISTIANSBURG,MONTGOMERY,VA,37.14,-80.4,(RNK)
2220,88,3 NNE EDGEFIELD,EDGEFIELD,SC,33.83,-81.91,NICKEL SIZED HAIL REPORTED BY NWS COOP OBSERVER. (CAE)
2220,75,WINCHESTER,CITY OF WINCHESTE,VA,39.17,-78.18,EMPLOYEE HAD HAIL AT RESIDENCE. (LWX)
2254,100,MOORHEAD,POWDER RIVER,MT,45.05,-105.9,(BYZ)
2300,175,15 W BIDDLE,POWDER RIVER,MT,45.1,-105.34,HAIL LASTED FOR 15 MINUTES. (BYZ)
2305,200,17 N RECLUSE,CAMPBELL,WY,44.99,-105.7,(UNR)
2325,100,8 SW BIDDLE,POWDER RIVER,MT,45.1,-105.34,(BYZ)
2332,75,5 S GASTONIA,GASTON,NC,35.18,-81.17,HAIL REPORTED AT SPENCER MOUNTAIN AND CRISP ROAD (GSP)
2340,175,2 SW BIDDLE,POWDER RIVER,MT,45.08,-105.37,GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL FOR 15 MINUTES (BYZ)
2350,88,7 W KANNAPOLIS,CABARRUS,NC,35.49,-80.74,(GSP)
2350,300,25 NNE WESTON,CAMPBELL,WY,44.97,-105.14,WINDOWS BROKEN IN HOME. HAIL MEASURED AT 3 1/2 INCHES IN DIAMETER. (UNR)
0005,400,1 NE ROCKYPOINT,CROOK,WY,44.91,-105.09,HAIL LASTED 5 TO 10 MINUTES. (UNR)
0010,75,RIDGE,CARTER,MT,45.05,-105.02,(BYZ)
0017,75,2 SW WINSTON-SALEM,FORSYTH,NC,36.08,-80.29,NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF INTERSTATE 40 AND HIGHWAY 158. (RAH)
0100,425,20 NW ALADDIN,CROOK,WY,44.84,-104.47,(UNR)
0105,88,7 SE KYLE,BENNETT,SD,43.35,-102.09,(UNR)
0115,75,ROY,HARDING,NM,35.95,-104.2,(ABQ)
0115,400,COLONY,CROOK,WY,44.87,-104.16,(UNR)
0124,100,8 SSE POTATO CREEK,JACKSON,SD,43.42,-101.95,(UNR)
0125,275,14 NW BELLE FOURCHE,BUTTE,SD,44.81,-104.05,(UNR)
0140,250,8 N BELLE FOURCHE,BUTTE,SD,44.79,-103.85,(UNR)
0143,88,13 SE HARRISBURG,BANNER,NE,41.42,-103.56,(CYS)
0150,88,18 SW BRIDGEPORT,MORRILL,NE,41.48,-103.34,MOSTLY PEA-MARBLE HAIL (CYS)
0155,400,9 NE BELLE FOURCHE,BUTTE,SD,44.76,-103.72,(UNR)
0200,88,6 S KIMBALL,KIMBALL,NE,41.15,-103.66,(CYS)
0205,100,8 NE ALLEN,BENNETT,SD,43.36,-101.81,(UNR)
0220,88,14 SW BRIDGEPORT,MORRILL,NE,41.52,-103.29,(CYS)
0248,88,7 WSW GURLEY,CHEYENNE,NE,41.28,-103.1,(CYS)
0300,88,14 N RECLUSE,CAMPBELL,WY,44.94,-105.71,(UNR)
0306,75,GOODE,BEDFORD,VA,37.37,-79.38,(RNK)
0325,125,3 W MOBRIDGE,CORSON,SD,45.54,-100.5,(ABR)
0335,75,4 W NEW HAVEN,CROOK,WY,44.76,-104.93,(UNR)
0402,100,6 S GILLETTE,CAMPBELL,WY,44.2,-105.5,(UNR)
0406,100,COLORADO SPRINGS,EL PASO,CO,38.86,-104.76,(PUB)
0430,200,ALADDIN,CROOK,WY,44.63,-104.18,(UNR)
0440,88,5 NNE PAWNEE PASS,LOGAN,CO,40.68,-103.43,(BOU)
0450,250,8 WNW SPEARFISH,LAWRENCE,SD,44.54,-104.01,FRONT AND REAR WINDSHIELDS BROKEN (UNR)
0450,250,N SAINT ONGE,LAWRENCE,SD,44.55,-103.72,(UNR)
0500,200,1 S BELLE FOURCHE,BUTTE,SD,44.66,-103.85,(UNR)
0500,75,9 NE EUREKA,MCPHERSON,SD,45.87,-99.49,MOSTLY DIME SIZE WITH SOME PENNY SIZE HAIL. (ABR)
0505,150,ILIFF,LOGAN,CO,40.76,-103.07,(BOU)
0507,125,4 WSW VALE,MEADE,SD,44.6,-103.47,(UNR)
0512,75,WIBAUX,WIBAUX,MT,46.99,-104.19,SOME PEA SIZE HAIL WAS MIXED IN. SPOTTER CALLED BACK AT 1120 PM WITH 1 INCH OF RAIN IN 30 MINUTES. (GGW)
0515,175,N EUREKA,MCPHERSON,SD,45.77,-99.62,(ABR)
0523,75,3 E STURGIS,MEADE,SD,44.41,-103.45,(UNR)
0540,88,7 SE LITCHVILLE,LAMOURE,ND,46.59,-98.09,(BIS)
0600,100,10 NW FORBES,DICKEY,ND,46.04,-98.93,(BIS)
0638,88,9 W MINOT AFB,WARD,ND,48.42,-101.53,(BIS)
0640,88,4 NE LEOLA,MCPHERSON,SD,45.76,-98.88,(ABR)
0720,100,OAKES,DICKEY,ND,46.14,-98.09,(BIS)
0720,125,4 W EDMORE,RAMSEY,ND,48.41,-98.54,(FGF)
0730,175,2 N FAIRDALE,WALSH,ND,48.52,-98.23,HAIL COVERED THE ROADWAY. (FGF)
0740,100,7 NE EDMORE,RAMSEY,ND,48.48,-98.35,(FGF)
0745,175,2 SSE OSNABROCK,CAVALIER,ND,48.64,-98.13,(FGF)
0815,175,2 NW GRAFTON,WALSH,ND,48.44,-97.43,(FGF)
0835,88,NASH,WALSH,ND,48.47,-97.51,(FGF)
0840,100,3 SW LANKIN,WALSH,ND,48.28,-97.97,(FGF)
1025,100,4 SSW SHERACK,POLK,MN,47.97,-96.81,(FGF)
| en |
converted_docs | 296476 | 
Ben Chambliss February 13, 2004
Office of Pesticide Programs (7504C)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Crystal Mall 2, 3^rd^ Floor
1921 Jefferson Davis Highway
Arlington, VA 22202
Subject: Preliminary Risk Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility
Decision on Zinc OMADINE.
Dear Mr. Chambliss,
Following are our error correction comments to the Zinc OMADINE
Preliminary Risk Assessment.
While the agency evaluators have done a commendable job in putting
together this Preliminary Risk Assessment after an extensive review of
most of the Zinc OMADINE data submissions, Arch is very concerned that
agency\'s environmental risk assessment uses unrealistic PEC values
(Agency calculated PEC of 21.66 ppb vs. Arch calculated PEC of 0.12 ppb)
using an inadequate computer model. Since a realistic PEC is crucial
to conducting a realistic risk assessment, it is imperative that all
efforts be exerted to calculate a PEC which is well supported by
experimental evidence and established by comprehensive modeling
programs. We believe that the PEC calculated by EPA is not based on the
best available and full body of scientific evidence, and that the
assessments of risk based on that PEC is therefore not realistic. We
believe further that it would not be fair to use the risk assessment in
its current form to determine reregistration status of zinc OMADINE. We
have provided our own PEC calculations and those done for and approved
by other regulatory agencies.^ ^
We look forward to working with the Agency on this matter.
If you have further questions, please contact me.
Sincerely,
Garrett B. Schifilliti
Manager, Regulatory Services
\(203\) 229-3510
\(203\) 229-3288 Fax
<gbschifilliti@archchemicals.com>
1. **CBI Claims:**
# **None**
2. **Additional Data in Development:**
> a\. Zinc Pyrithione: Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier II Seedling
> Emergence using Rice, Oryzea oryza sativa, Guideline: OPPTS 850.4225
>
> b\. Zinc Pyrithione: Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier II Vegetative
> Vigor using Rice, Oryzea oryza sative, Guideline: OPPTS 850.4250
>
> c\. Zinc Pyrithione: Influence on Growth and Growth Rate of the Marine
> Diatom, Skeletonema costatum, Guideline: 123-2
d. Sediment Toxicity Test with Zinc Pyrithione and, the Freshwater
Amphipod, Hyalella azteca, Guideline OPPTS 850.1735.
e. Sediment Toxicity Test with Zinc Pyrithione and the Marine Amphipod,
Leptocheirus plumulosu, Guideline OPPTS 850.1735.
f. Assessment of Potential Inhalation and Dermal Exposure to Zinc
Pyrithione During Outdoor Painting of Ship Hulls with Intersmooth
360 or 460 Ecoloflex SPC Antifouling, Guidelines: 875.1100 &
875.1300.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
3. **Error Corrections:**
> (We will point out errors by Heading, page number, and paragraph and
> will indicate in bold the correction to that section. Discussion of
> the correction will follow, if appropriate, i.e., if not just a
> "typo". )
A. Executive Summary, page 1, 2nd paragraph reads "...for use in
dandruff shampoos."
> Should read "...for use in **Anti**-dandruff shampoos."
>
> Further, the following statement would provide a complete description
> of its use in this FDA approved application: "**It is considered safe
> ands effective (considered both GRAS and GRAE and Category I by USFDA)
> for the treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis with a history
> of over 40 years of human use.**"
>
> B. Hazard, page 1, 2nd paragraph, 1st sentence states: "The oral LD 50
> range from 460-630 mg/kg"
>
> **Should read**: **The combined oral LD50 in rats is 269 mg/kg ranging
> from 221 -- 302 mg/kg.**
>
> C. Hazard, page 1, 2nd paragraph, 2nd sentence: "Acute Toxicity by the
> inhalation route is also relatively low (0.61 mg/L; Toxicity Category
> III)."
**Should read**: **"...relatively low (\>0.61 mg/L;..." needs insertion
of a "greater than" symbol.\
**\
Comment: Acute Inhalation LC50 for zinc pyrithione a.i. 100% powder is
\>0.61 mg/L (only 1 out of 10 deaths at 0.24 mg/L and 3 out of 10 deaths
at 0.61 mg/L, but in the interest in saving animals no further doses
were tested and the Toxicity Category III classification for inhalation
was accepted) and recent testing of the 48% zinc OMADINE aqueous
dispersion the acute inhalation LC50 was 5.08 mg/L for the dispersion
following a 4-hr. nose-only exposure.
> D. Hazard, page 1, last paragraph, last sentence, "Developmental
> toxicity using the oral route of administration show zinc OMADINE to
> produce significant developmental effects which are greater in
> severity (of developmental toxicity) at doses of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day
> than toxicity observed in maternal animals at these same dose levels".
>
> **Should read**: **"Developmental toxicity studies using the oral
> route, produced developmental toxicity at doses that produced
> significant maternal toxicity during sensitive times of
> development."**
>
> Comment: Based on the Data Evaluation Report (DER); EPA Reviewer John
> E. Whalen in 1996, "A decrease in body weight gain (p≤0.01) during the
> dosing period for the mid (1.5 mg/kg/day) and high-dosed (3.0
> mg/kg/day) (41% and 99%, respectively) cannot be considered to be
> biologically significant since the absolute body weight changes were
> only \~4% and \~6%\..."
>
> The reference of 4 and 6% relates to the changes in absolute body
> weight over the entire gestation period days 0-29 and the 41% and 99%
> decrease in body weight gains were observed over gestation days 0-19,
> dosing ceased on gestation day 19 and yes there was a rebound in body
> weight after cessation of treatment. In addition, the DER stated that
> there was no corresponding decrease in food consumption. However, in
> the same DER report of the zinc OMADINE Developmental Toxicity Study
> in the Rabbit Table 3.0 Food Consumption shows a statistically
> significant decrease in food consumption for gestation days 6-19. Body
> weight gains from gestation days 6-19 achieved statistical
> significance of p ≤0.01 that corresponded precisely to a decrease in
> food consumption of 16% (mid-dose, 1.5 mg/kg/day) and 23% (high-dose,
> 3.0 mg/kg/day). Therefore it should be concluded that severe maternal
> toxicity was observed in the mid and high-dosed animals during a very
> sensitive time for development. The NOEL for maternal and
> developmental effects was 0.5 mg/kg/day based on severe maternal
> toxicity at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day.
>
> E. Hazard, page 2, 1st paragraph, 2nd & 3rd sentences, "Intravenous
> administration of 5mg/kg zinc OMADINE to female Yorkshire pigs
> produced cholinergic effects lasting for 30-60 minutes post-dose (HED
> document 003933). Increased salivation was reported immediately after
> dosing in the rat developmental toxicity study at a dose of 3
> mg/kg/day (MRID#4287904)".
>
> Should read: "Intravenous administration of 5mg/kg zinc OMADINE to
> female Yorkshire pigs produced **symptoms similar to** cholinergic
> effects lasting for 30-60 minutes post-dose. Increased salivation was
> reported immediately after dosing in the rat developmental toxicity
> study at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day (MRID#4287904) (**possibly due to the
> fact that zinc pyrithione causes significant irritation to mucosal
> membranes and it is not uncommon to observe increased salivation
> following oral administration from such compounds).**"
>
> [Comment:]{.underline} Another explanation for the observation of an
> increase in salivation could be the fact that zinc OMADINE is
> severely irritating to mucosal membranes and it is not uncommon to
> observe increased salivation following oral gavage of such compounds.
> Reference to hindlimb weakness in the same paragraph seems suggestive
> that such an effect possibly is indicative of cholinergic effects. We
> would like to reiterate the fact that hindlimb weakness has only been
> observed in rats and rabbits and has never been observed in dogs or
> primates when tested at much higher concentrations for up to one year
> of exposure.
>
> F. Toxicity Endpoints, page 2, 1st sentence reads "...to assessment
> potential risks..."
>
> Should read "...to **assess** potential risks..."
G. Water Exposure & Risk, page 4, 1^st^ sentence "AD has considered the
registered uses of zinc OMADINE and the available data on
persistence and mobility"
> Should read: "AD has considered the registered uses of zinc OMADINE
> and **used** the available data **on only abiotic hydrolysis conducted
> in the dark with sterile water**"
>
> Comment: Regarding mobility and potential impact on surface and ground
> water resources, it does not appear that the Agency has considered the
> available data on mobility (Abs/Des, Soil Column Leaching MRID#'s
> 44010402 & 45565201). Zinc OMADINE is classified as immobile in
> sediments and soils and is not likely to get into ground water. Since
> recreational boating in seawater will not impact drinking water, only
> the implication of surface freshwater should be considered as it
> pertains to untreated drinking water. Arch disagrees with the
> statements made in the Water Exposure and risk section and further
> comments follow.
H. Water Exposure and Risk, page 4, 3rd sentence "...PEC of 21.66 ppb
zinc OMADINE was estimated using the Luttik Johnson model".
> Should read "....PEC of 21.66 ppb zinc OMADINE was estimated by using
> the Luttik Johnson model **that used a leach rate input of 12.5
> μg/cm2/day and abiotic hydrolysis (conducted in the dark with sterile
> water) half life of 123 days**. **Other models that allow use of
> relevant environmental parameters provide a PEC value of 0.12 ppb
> (EXAMS). Luttik-Johnson model using a composite degradation rate from
> multiple degradation pathways gives a PEC value of 0.16 ppb "**
>
> []{.mark}
>
> Comment: Arch strongly disagrees with agency's approach to calculation
> of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of 21.66 ppb using
> the Luttik Johnson model. It is clear from the PEC calculation that
> the agency has not considered all available data on degradation and
> persistence. For assessing persistence, only hydrolysis in dark,
> sterile fresh water was considered by the agency. Accepted guideline
> studies on photolysis and aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (MRIDs
> 44011501, 44010401, 44850002) show that zinc pyrithione has a short
> half-life in the environment and these studies are more relevant to
> environmental fate than abiotic hydrolysis. (On page 11 of the RED
> document, the Agency does take these studies into account and states
> that zinc OMADINE has a "fairly short half-life, ranging from hours
> to days"). Because incorrect parameters were used in the modeling, the
> resulting PEC of 21.66 ppb is ten-fold higher than the highest
> measured concentration reported for a persistent co-biocide (the
> highest measured concentrations are 1.7 -- 2.1 μg/L for Irgarol,
> MRID#46101101). Since zinc pyrithone is short-lived, logic dictates
> that its measured concentrations will be even lower. Although there
> have been attempts to measure zinc OMADINE in the environment, it has
> not been detected yet (detection limit = 0.02 μg/L; MRID#46101101).
>
> The Luttik-Johnson model used is inadequate for generating
> environmentally relevant PECs. Refinement of modeling by the Agency is
> suggested as other International Government Agencies are using models
> (MAM-PEC, EXAMS, REMA) that are better predictors of realistic PECs.
> Some of the shortcomings of the Luttik-Johnson model are:
a) No hydrodynamic water exchange component
b) No consideration for effects of temp, salinity, pH
c) Only one degradation pathway is input
> The key parameters that impact the PEC are the leach rate and the
> degradation rate. Arch has evaluated all the widely used models for
> risk assessment for antifoulant biocides and submitted a comprehensive
> document for agency to review (MRID 46101101). That document has not
> been reviewed for the RED. (see Calculation of Predicted Environmental
> Concentrations of Zinc Pyrithione in Antifouling Applications (MRID
> 46101101). The input value of 12.5 μg/cm2/day for the leach rate in
> the Luttik-Johnson model is an abnormal value based on one paint that
> is not a commercial paint. Subsequent MRID submissions show actual
> data on commercial paints (see range in following Table 1). MAM-PEC
> which is a widely recognized model used for risk assessment of
> antifoulant paints uses 2.5 μg/cm2/day for different biocides in
> assessing risk. The 2.5 μg/cm2/day is based on mass balance and
> coating lifetime calculations. The leach rate of 12.5 μg/cm2/day would
> mean a coating lifetime of 20% of that guaranteed by the paint company
> (normally 5 yrs) -- and therefore an impossibly high leach rate. The
> risks are directly proportional to the environmental concentrations,
> which are in turn directly proportional to biocide release rates and
> inversely proportional to biocide degradation and environmental
> transport rates.
>
> Also the PEC derived from Luttik-Johnson model should not be used for
> comparison to drinking water level of comparison (DWLOC) as the model
> only relates to a marina or a harbor. Given the fast degradation
> through multiple pathways, it is unlikely that the PEC of 21.66 ppb
> could be a valid number for DWLOC. It is not realistic to assume that
> water from the marina can be used as potable water without treatment.
>
> Because of the limitations of the Luttik-Johnson model, European
> regulatory bodies have used more appropriate models like MAM-PEC,
> EXAMS or REMA which all give lower PEC values for zinc OMADINE in a
> marine paint application (\<0.1 ppb)
>
> With a realistic PEC, which should be 100-1000 times lower, there is
> no risk.
>
> The leach rate of 12.5 μg/cm2/day is an impossibly high leach rate for
> commercial AF paints leading to an improbable PEC of 21.66 ppb and it
> is simply incorrect to call this a "conservative" leach rate or call
> the PEC a "conservative" PEC.
>
> The use of refined PEC values was discussed in July 2003 at a meeting
> between Arch and EPA personnel. At that meeting, EPA's Antimicrobial
> Division environmental and regulatory reviewers suggested that Arch
> submit a discussion, explanation and rationale for the refined PEC
> values and a justification for not relying on the ASTM release rate
> and for not using the present PEC values in the assessment of zinc
> pyrithione. Arch believes that this report (MRID 46101101) fully
> satisfies that request and provides a definitive basis for use of a
> redefined PEC value.
>
> Additionally, in an outdoor Microcosm Study (2003, MRID 45876501) it
> was shown that ZPT degraded rapidly with a half-life of 36 minutes.
> This is similar to the half-life seen in photolysis study (half-life
> of 13 -17 minutes at 250C). At 4hr., no ZPT was detected in the water
> (det. limit = 0.02 ppb). In the sediment, ZPT reached a maximum of
> 0.46% at day 1 and was not detected at and after day 7. The amount of
> bound residues was 5.6 -6.9% at the end of the study. In a dark
> microcosm study, ZPT decreased to 4% of the starting dose at day 1 and
> was not detectable by day 7. The half-life in this dark study is
> estimated to be 20 hr. In the sediment, ZPT was not detectable at day
> 7. The only significant degradation product after 30 days was
> 2-pyridine sulfonic acid accounting for 69-76% of the total
> radioactivity. Amount of bound residues ranged from 5-7% of the total
> radioactivity in the end of the study. This outdoor study simulating
> environmental conditions provides multiple environmental degradation
> pathways that show that zinc OMADINE rapidly degrades in the
> environment.
>
> Whereas the Agency assumed a release rate of 12.5 μg/cm2/day, Arch
> used a value of 2.5 μg/cm2/day which is in the range of leach rates
> obtained from commercially registered paint leach rate studies. The
> Agency release rate appears to be biased by the ASTM release rate of
> an early, experimental paint that was never commercialized and is not
> representative of commercial antifouling paints containing zinc
> pyrithione.
>
> For the degradation rate of zinc pyrithione, the Agency used a
> half-life of 123 days, which is extrapolated from a 30 day hydrolysis
> study carried out in sterile, synthetic seawater in the absence of
> light. The corresponding rate constant was entered into the
> Luttik-Johnson emission model to obtain the PEC. In comparison, Arch
> input rate data from several environmental fate studies -- hydrolysis,
> photolysis, aerobic and anaerobic aquatic metabolism, die-away,
> adsorption/desorption -- into chemical fate models capable of
> integrating multiple degradation processes (including the
> Luttik-Johnson model) to give an overall degradation rate for a
> particular environmental scenario (see **Table 2**). Because
> pyrithione undergoes biolysis, photolysis and sediment-catalyzed
> degradations, it is necessary to use multi-fate exposure models such
> as EXAMS and MAM-PEC. EXAMS, with its extensive photolysis algorithms,
> was found to be the most suitable modeling program for zinc
> pyrithione. EXAMS calculates a half-life of \<12 hours for the EPA
> scenario. Arch, using the same environmental scenario as the agency
> uses, but with more current data on release rates and degradation
> rates as input in different exposure models, **calculated a PEC of
> 0.12ppb for zinc pyrithione vs. the agency value of 21.66 ppb.** When
> appropriate release rates and degradation rates are input into the
> Luttik-Johnson model, it gives a PEC of **0.16** **ppb , which is
> orders of magnitude lower than the 21.66 ppb.**
>
> Arch requests that RASSB of the AD refine the PEC calculations using
> models that allow incorporation of relevant multiple environmental
> parameters (e.g. EXAMS, MAM-PEC). Arch modelers have done this
> exercise and the data are presented below (**Table 3**) for
> consideration.
>
> Validation of exposure modeling may only be done by comparison of PEC
> values with measured environmental concentrations. Despite some
> monitoring activity, zinc pyrithione has not been detected in the
> environment. For this reason, methods used to calculate the PEC of
> zinc pyrithione cannot be corroborated by measured concentrations. As
> an alternative, Arch has applied the zinc pyrithione modeling approach
> to calculate the PEC of a widely used, persistent antifouling biocide
> Irgaol), for which extensive monitoring data is available. Using
> MAM-PEC and EXAMS, PEC values for Irgarol 1051 were calculated to be
> 1.3 and 3.4 μg/L, respectively. These are in agreement with the
> highest measured Irgarol concentrations of 2.1 μg/L (Danish marinas).
> We are therefore confident that our modeling approach provides
> realistic PEC values.
>
> The Agency PEC value of 21.66 μg/L for zinc pyrithione is 10-fold
> higher than the highest measured environmental concentration (2.1
> μg/L) of Irgarol in a real worst-case marina. It is difficult to
> rationalize a scenario where the concentration of a biocide with a
> short half-life could exceed the concentration of a persistent biocide
> having comparable market share. Arch's method not only generates PEC
> values that are more consistent with the relative persistence of
> Irgarol and pyrithione, but it is also consistent with measured
> environmental concentrations of Irgarol.
>
> Therefore, Arch requests the Agency to refine or redefine its modeling
> approach and PEC calculations for zinc pyrithione recognizing that
- in the absence of validated laboratory methods (since the ASTM leach
rate method over-estimates the leach rates), release rates can be
calculated from mass balance/service life data for current,
commercial paints
- biocides like other chemicals undergo abiotic and biotic
transformations in the environment - biodegradation and photolysis
data from guideline studies that have been reviewed and accepted
should be considered.
- more sophisticated multi-fate models such as EXAMS, MAM-PEC or REMA
are more appropriate for modeling biocides that degrade by multiple
pathways.
- calculated PEC values should be compared with measured environmental
concentrations as a reality check, using a surrogate antifoulant if
necessary. If the PEC values are significantly higher than actual
environmental concentrations, it should be realized that there is a
strong bias in the modeling approach and the resulting PEC should
not be used to carry out risk assessments of either persistent or
non-persistent antifouling biocides.
> The significance of using the appropriate leach rate and appropriate
> degradation rate are highlighted in the tables below.
### Significance of Leach rate data
> **Table 1. ASTM laboratory leach rates from paints formulated with
> zinc pyrithione**
>
> **[(from MRID 45821001, Table VII, p. 56)]{.underline}**
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Paint | Leach Rate | Period | \% ZnPT | MRID |
| | | | | |
| | ( | | | |
| | μg/cm2/day) | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Ecoloflex BEA369 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | days 21-49 | 3.8 | 4 |
| | | | | 4877104 |
| Self-polishing | 5.1 | day 49 | | |
| cuprous oxide | | | | |
| based large vessel | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Ecoloflex BEA468 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | days 21-49 | 3.8 | 4 |
| | | | | 4877105 |
| Self-polishing | 3.9 | day 49 | | |
| cuprous oxide | | | | |
| based large vessel | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Ecoloflex BEA469 - | 4.3 ± 0.7 | days 21-49 | 3.8 | 4 |
| Self-polishing | | | | 4877106 |
| cuprous oxide | 3.2 | day 49 | | |
| based large vessel | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Ecoloflex BEA368 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | days 21-49 | 3.8 | 4 |
| | | | | 4877103 |
| Self-polishing | 5.9 | day 49 | | |
| cuprous oxide | | | | |
| based paint for | | | | |
| large vessels | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Ablative zinc | 7.2 ± 1.1 | days 21-45 | 2.4 | 4 |
| oxide based | | | | 3864603 |
| resin/wood rosin | 5.4 | day 45 | | |
| paint for aluminum | | | | |
| hulls | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| Long-life cuprous | 2.3 ± 0.5 | days 21-45 | 5.9 | 4 |
| oxide based paint, | | | | 3864603 |
| Vinyl Red naval | 1.9 | day 45 | | |
| formula 121 | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| E. Paint SN-1 | 1.24 ± 0.23 | days 22-49 | 2 | 4 |
| | | | | 4833310 |
| Ablative zinc | 1.01 | day 49 | | |
| oxide | | | | |
| solvent-based | | | | |
| paint | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
| E.Paint EP2000 | 2.02 ± 0.72 | days 22-49 | 4.7 | 4 |
| | | | | 4833310 |
| Ablative zinc | 1.12 | day 49 | | |
| oxide water-based | | | | |
| paint | | | | |
+--------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------+
##
## Table 2. Environmental rate constants for zinc pyrithione MRID 45821001
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Degradation | Rate | H | G | MRID | S |
| Pathway | C | alf-life | uideline | | tatu |
| | onstant | | | | s^a^ |
| | | | | | |
| | day-1 | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Abiotic | \ | \>90 d | 161-1 | 4 | A |
| | <0.0072 | | | 3864602 | |
| Hydrolysis | | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Photolysis | 57.0 | 13 -- | 161-2 | 4 | A |
| | --76.8 | 17.5 | | 4011501 | |
| Indoor | | | supp | | NR |
| | 266 - | min | lemental | 4 | |
| Outdoor | 561 | | | 5821001 | |
| | | 1.8 -- | | | |
| | | 3.8 min | | | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| ### Biotic | 0.17 -- | 7.2 -- | supp | 4 | NR |
| | 2.3 | 96 hr | lemental | 5821001 | |
| Water column | | | | | |
| biolysis | | | | | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Sediment-catalyzed | 28 - 33 | 0.5 -- | 162-3 | 4 | A |
| deg | | 0.6 hr | | 4850003 | |
| | | | 162-3 | | A |
| | | | | 4 | |
| | | | | 4850004 | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Sediment-sorbed | 0.17 - | 18 -- 96 | 162-3 | > 44 | A |
| deg | 0.87 | hr | | 8500014 | |
| | | | 162-4 | 4850002 | A |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
| Microcosm | \>1.4 | \<12 hr | supp | #### 4 | NR |
| | | | lemental | 5876501 | |
| Dark-dosed | 28 | 0.6 hr | | | NR |
| | | | supp | > 4 | |
| Light-dosed | | | lemental | 5876501 | |
+--------------------+---------+----------+----------+---------+------+
a\. A is accepted; NR is not reviewed
## Table 3. PECs for EPA marina scenario calculated by 4 aquatic exposure models for zinc pyrithione and Irgarol 1051 vs. monitored concentrations, MRID 45821001
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| Co-biocide | Pre | | | | Monit | |
| | dicted | | | | ored, | |
| | e | | | | μg/L | |
| | nviron | | | | conce | |
| | mental | | | | ntrat | |
| | con | | | | ions, | |
| | centra | | | | ug/L | |
| | tions, | | | | | |
| | μg/L | | | | | |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | EXAMS | MAM | Lu | Tidal | Hi | Country |
| | | -PEC | ttik- | | ghest | |
| | | | Jo | Prism | rep | |
| | | | hnson | | orted | |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| Zinc | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.099 | \< | U.K.^a^ |
| Pyrithione | | | | | 0.020 | |
| | 0.12 | | 0.16 | | nd | |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | | | | | \<2.0 | J |
| | | | | | nd | apan^b^ |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | | | | | | |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| Irgarol | 3.4 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 2.1 | Den |
| 1051 | | | | | | mark^c^ |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | | | | | 1.42 | U.K.^a^ |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | | | | | 1.7 | Fr |
| | | | | | | ance^d^ |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
| | | | | | 0.64 | Fr |
| | | | | | | ance^e^ |
+-------------+--------+------+-------+----------+-------+---------+
a Thomas et al, 2001; Appendix A in MRID 45821001;b Yasuba, 2000;
Morita, 2001;c Århus A., 1997;d Readman et al, 1993; e Tolosa et al,
1996
Arch has also supplied PEC values using either EXAMS or MAM-PEC to
various international regulatory bodies and registrations have been
approved for several countries. The modeling approach in Table 4 used
realistic environmental scenarios and lab leach rate data generated from
several commercial antifoulant paints and the PEC values (0.001 to 0.06
ppb) generated from such realistic scenarios are orders of magnitude
lower than 21.66 ppb.
Zinc OMADINE is now registered for antifoulant use in UK, Malta,
Ireland, Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland,
Finland, Holland, Belgium, Japan, S. Korea, and China.
**Table 4. Arch submission to other Regulatory Bodies:\
Calculated PECs (μg/L; ppb) using EXAMS or MAM-PEC**
------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------
**Agency** **Scenario** **PEC, (μg/L;
ppb)**
Finland -- SYKE Spring, Summer,Fall
Typical Finnish Marina 0.045
Typical Finnish Harbor 0.0002
Worst Case Harbor 0.011
Sweden -- KemI June- July 0.001
Fiskebackskil marina 0.021, 0.061
Australia Harbor 0.007
Lake Geneva 0.001
Switzerland Feb, - Nov.
Swiss Marina 0.027
Netherlands --CTB Fiskebackskil parameters 0.06
------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------
> I. Residential (Non-Occupational) Exposure & Risk, page 5, 2nd bullet
> states "residential handlers that paint using a brush (antifoulant
> paint use for all boat sizes: Dermal MOE = 22-120)."
>
> **This statement should be stricken and the following should be
> considered.**
>
> Comment: Since 1994, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of the UK
> has gathered information on human exposure to antifouling products in
> the professional and amateur (residential; non-occupational)
> sectors...the surveys and studies were as follows:
>
> 9 surveys applying copper-based antifoulant to ships (40 exposure
> data; 1994)
>
> 5 surveys applying tin-based antifoulants to ships (20 exposure data;
> 1996)
>
> 4 surveys applying various antifoulant to ships (10 exposure data; IOM
> 1996)
>
> 8 surveys applying various antifoulant to leisure craft (9 exposure
> data; 1997-99)
>
> This information was utilized in providing exposure data for HSE to
> conduct a risk assessment that covered professional and amateur
> applicators of antifoulant paint that contained zinc OMADINE. The
> assumptions that were used were: 4% active substance in the product;
> 1% dermal penetration value; and 4% or 1% clothing penetration.
>
> Based on this assessment, HSE came up with a central tendency and
> worst case exposure for each application i.e., professional
> application with brush/roller and amateur application with
> brush/roller. The HSE uses Toxicity Exposure Ratios (TERs) which are
> analogous to USEPAs MOEs. For amateur application using a brush/roller
> the central tendency for systemic exposure (excluding inhalation) was
> 500 and for inhalation the TER was 17500. The worst case exposure for
> amateur using brush/roller for systemic exposure was TER of 6.
> However, the central tendency represents the mean exposures and is
> based on actual field data for applying antifoulant paints and may
> prove useful for the USEPA. Especially, since the USEPA has indicated
> that data was extrapolated from the PHED database and has indicated
> that the confidence in the PHED data is C and is not based on actual
> application of antifoulant paints. Reference for some of the HSE
> Surveys: Garrod, A.N.I., Guiver, R., and Rimmer, D.A. Potential
> Exposure of Amateurs (Consumers) Through Painting Wood Preservative
> and Antifoulant Preparations. Am. Occup. Hyg. Vol 44, No. 6:421-426,
> (2000)
>
> J. Residential (Non-Occupational) Exposure & Risk, page 5, last
> sentence before "Aggregate Exposure and Risk", states, "The estimated
> dermal MOE is 3,300 based on conservative assumptions, and the results
> of a study that measured concentrations of zinc OMADINE in the urine
> for 5 days following a single shampoo application.
>
> Should read, "The estimated dermal MOE is 3,300 based on conservative
> assumptions, and the results of a study that measured
> **radioactivity** **associated with metabolized zinc OMADINE** in the
> urine for 5 days following a single shampoo application **containing
> radiolabelled zinc OMADINE.**
>
> Comment: Radioactivity was measured, not the zinc OMADINE. The
> radioactivity was from metabolized zinc OMADINE.
>
> K. Aggregate Exposure & Risk, Acute, Page 5, last sentence "...acute
> PEC of 21.66 ppb":
##### Should read "...acute PEC of 0.12 ppb..."
> Comment: See discussion under "H" above.
>
> L. Aggregate Exposure & Risk, Oral, Page 6, states "The short- and
> intermediate-term oral aggregate risk for adult males and females do
> not exceed the Agency's level of concern. However, the DWLOC for
> infants/children of 17 ppb is slightly less than the PEC of 21.66 ppb,
> indicating a potential for adverse risks of concern...".
Should read "The short- and intermediate-term oral aggregate risks for
all population groups do not exceed the Agency's level of concern with a
lower PEC of 0.12 ppb."
> Comment: See discussion under "H" above.
>
> M. Aggregate Exposure & Risk, Dermal & Inhalation, Page 6, in both of
> the Dermal and Inhalation sections the author indicates that due to
> the fact that the dosing for the Dermal 90-day study were log doses
> and the MOEs exceeded the level of concern (LOC) and these MOEs were
> based on subchronic toxicity and doses were based on whole body
> exposures and a large gap between the NOEL and LOEL existed for the
> Dermal study indicated that the evaluation was very conservative.
>
> [Guidance requested:]{.underline} This verbiage suggested the need for
> shorter exposures etc. e.g. 5-day dermal study with evaluation of
> doses between 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day and the same for Inhalation
> toxicity looking at higher doses for a nose-only 5-day exposure period
> instead of a 90-day whole body subchronic exposure. We request
> verification that conducting 5-day dermal and 5-day inhalation studies
> would be useful for assessing the hazard for paints.
>
> N. Aggregate Exposure & Risk, Chronic, Page 7, 3nd sentence "However
> for infants/children, the DWLOC of 15 ppb is slightly less than the
> PEC of 21.66 ppb, indicating the potential for aggregate chronic risks
> of concern"
##### Should be stricken or modified to have no potential for concern because the acute PEC is 0.12 ppb..."
> Comment: See discussion under "H" above.
>
> O. Occupational Exposure and Risk, page 8, third bullet reads,
> "handling zinc OMADINE-containing paint products using an airless
> sprayer application method (inhalation MOEs = 4.4 and 44 with and
> without the use of a respirator as PPE, respectively, and dermal MOE =
> 74 without the use of gloves as PPE)."
>
> Should read: **"handling zinc OMADINE-containing paint products using
> an airless sprayer application method (inhalation MOEs = 44 and 4.4
> with and without the use of a dust mask as PPE, respectively, and
> dermal MOE = 74 without the use of gloves as PPE)."**
>
> Comment: For professional applicators, use of NIOSH/MSHA approved
> respirator (half or full face) commonly provide 50 to 100% reduction
> in exposures.
>
> P. Environmental Risk, Environmental Fate page 9, 3rd sentence,
> "Half-lives in buffered water were measured at 99, 120 and 123 days at
> pHs 5,7, and 9 respectively. In sea water, the half life was 96 days"
>
> Should read: "Half-lives in buffered water were **extrapolated** from
> 30 day studies to give 99, 120 and 123 days at pHs 5,7, and 9
> respectively. In sea water, the extrapolated half life was 96 days".
>
> Q. Environmental Risk, Environmental Fate, page 9, 4th sentence,
> "These half-lives indicate that zinc OMADINE can be persistent in
> water under conditions of low microbial activity."
>
> **This sentence should be omitted since it incorrectly implies that
> the degradation of zinc pyrithione is solely dependent upon microbial
> activity. Degradation also occurs by photolysis and sediment-catalyzed
> chemical reactions.**
>
> R. Environmental Risk, Environmental Fate page 9, 7th and 8th
> sentence, "In aerobic aquatic media, the half-lives of zinc OMADINE
> were 12.4 and 15 days for fresh water and sea water respectively. In
> the same media, the half-lives under anaerobic conditions are 25 and
> 13.3 hours, respectively".
>
> Should read, **"In aerobic aquatic media, degradation was biphasic
> with t½α = 30-90 min for freshwater and seawater and t½β = 4-15 days
> for seawater and 15 days for freshwater. In the same media,
> degradation under anaerobic conditions was also biphasic with t½α = 30
> min for freshwater and seawater and t½β = 25 hours for fresh water and
> 13.3-19 hours for seawater."**
>
> Comment: Data from accepted guideline studies was omitted so that
> range of half- lives is not accurate (MRID#s 44850002, 44010401). The
> half-life values given are from aerobic and anaerobic aquatic
> metabolism studies done in water/sediment at 3-ppm (MRID# 44010403).
> These studies showed degradation in two distinct phases: an initial
> rapid rate of decline, during which \~50% (aerobic) to \~80%
> (anaerobic) of the pyrithione degraded over a period of 1-2 hours,
> followed by a slower rate of decline in the sediment. Only the longer
> second phase half-lives are cited. However, the second phase
> half-lives were shown to be largely the result of the conversion of
> zinc pyrithione to copper pyrithione by reaction with copper in the
> sediment. Degradation of the sequestered copper pyrithione, which is
> soluble only to the extent of 0.1 ppm, is inhibited by its
> precipitation from solution at the high dose level.
>
> It is therefore not appropriate to use the second-phase half lives
> from these studies.
>
> Subsequent aerobic and anaerobic studies done with zinc pyrithione and
> copper pyrithione at lower concentrations have been submitted and
> accepted by the agency (MRID#s 44850002). These studies were conducted
> at a concentration of 50 ppb (this concentration was chosen to allow
> detection of pyrithione with the existing analytical methods; even
> though the expected environmental concentrations are still orders of
> magnitude lower), which is below the solubility of copper pyrithione.
> Degradation was biphasic in these studies as well; however, the second
> phase of decline was much faster. The biphasic degradation at the
> lower concentration is attributed to the high affinity of pyrithione
> for sediment. In the aerobic system, the half lives for removal of
> pyrithione from water and from sediment was 0.024 days and 4.0 days,
> respectively. In the anaerobic system, the corresponding values were
> 0.020 days and 0.79 days. For the water and sediment combined,
> dissipation times were 0.89 days for 50% and 34 days for 90% in the
> aerobic system and 0.02 days for 50% and 0.79 days for 90% in the
> aerobic system. The degradation of zinc pyrithione and copper
> pyrithione, as well as the formation and decline of the metabolites,
> is identical. Based on the more recent studies done at 50 ppb, the
> half lives for pyrithione is 1-2 hours in water and 1-4 days in
> sediment.
>
> S. Environmental Risk, page 9, 6th sentence, "Photolytic measurements
> showed that zinc OMADINE dissociates in 13 minutes in buffered
> medium..."
>
> Should read, "Photolytic measurements showed that zinc OMADINE
> **degrades** in 13 minutes in buffered medium..."
>
> T. Environmental Risk, page 9, 2nd paragraph, 2nd sentence, "The
> octanol/water partition coefficient is less than 1000, which makes it
> unlikely to bioaccumulate, although with its high Kds for sediments
> and a long hydrolytic half-life, it can be persistent in soils and
> sediments containing little or no microbial population".
Should read "The octanol/water partition coefficient is less than 1000 (
**log Kow = 0.97**, which makes it unlikely to bioaccumulate."
**The remainder of the sentence referring to persistence in soils and
sediments containing little or no microbial population is not correct
and should be omitted.**
> U. Environmental modeling/Exposure, page 10 states " The boat
> antifoulant use, however, is expected to produce significant exposure
> to aquatic organisms, and environmental modeling was conducted to
> assess the exposure and risk from this use"
**Should read**: **"The boat antifoulant use, however, is expected to
produce low exposure to aquatic organisms, and appropriate and refined
environmental modeling should be conducted to assess the exposure and
risk from this use"**
Comment: Refer to the previous discussion in section H of the refined
modeling that includes more accurate leach rate data and multiple
degradation rates that clearly demonstrates significantly lower PEC
values than what AD generated using the Luttik-Johnson model.
> V. Ecological Hazard and Risk, page 10, 1st paragraph states " The
> antifoulant use of zinc OMADINE is likely to result in adverse acute
> and chronic effects to fish and aquatic invertebrates, including
> endangered species. It also causes adverse impacts on freshwater and
> marine invertebrate reproduction and growth at very low levels. These
> reproductive impacts indicate that zinc OMADINE is a potential
> endocrine disruptor."
>
> **Arch respectfully disagrees with these statements. and recommends
> that they be and be replaced with .** **"The anitfoulant use of zinc
> OMADINE** **is unlikely to result in adverse effects to fish and
> aquatic invertebrates based on the refined PEC values of 0.12 ppb.
> Zinc OMADINE** **at near lethal concentrations (i.e. at or near the
> LC50 values reported for fish and invertebrates) was observed to
> produce limited effects to reproduction and minor effects to growth
> thus diminishing the concern for potential endocrine disruption."**
>
> Comment: a) If the phrase 'likely to result' is based on a PEC of
> 21.66 ppb, then it should be recognized that this number came from a
> preliminary risk assessment that needs further refinement,
> particularly since it is ten-fold higher than measured concentrations
> of widely used antifouling biocides that are persistent as discussed
> in earlier comments (in section H). Efforts to detect zinc pyrithione
> in marinas have been unsuccessful to date (MRID#45821001; Table 3).
> The detectabilities of the monitoring methods were well below aquatic
> toxicity levels. Therefore the above conclusion of "likely to result
> in adverse acute and chronic effects" would appear to be based on a
> hazard assessment from erroneous data rather than a refined risk
> assessment.
>
> [Comment b):]{.underline} The results from testing zinc OMADINE in
> the Early Life Stage Study of the fathead minnow resulted in a NOEC of
> 1.22 µg/L following 32-days of exposure with a LOEC of 2.82 µg/L. The
> sensitive toxic endpoints were survival and sublethal effects at hatch
> and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post hatch. There was no apparent effect on
> reproduction but in the AD Preliminary Risk Assessment there is
> mention of developmental effects to the fish i.e. bent bodies. This
> effect only was observed at concentrations above 1.22 µg/L (≥2.82
> µg/L) and only became visible on days 5-10 and again on days 17-32
> post hatching, strongly suggesting that repeated exposures to near
> lethal concentrations of zinc OMADINE was responsible for this effect
> and not developmental toxicity. NOTE: The Acute LC50 in fathead minnow
> for zinc Omadine® is 2.68 µg/L (see table 13 page 42 of the AD
> Preliminary Risk Assessment). The results from testing zinc OMADINE
> in the Chronic Toxicity to the Daphnid, Daphnia magna with Zinc
> OMADINE demonstrated that the NOEC is 2.7 µg/L and the LOEC is 5.8
> µg/L. Doses tested were 0, 2.7, 5.8, 12, 22, and 49 µg/L. The LC50 for
> Daphnid reported in the AD Preliminary Risk Assessment is 8.25 µg/L.
> The mean day to the first brood was delayed at 22 and 49 µg/L,
> concentrations that clearly produce significant toxicity to the
> Daphnid. At concentrations of 12 and 22 µg/L lengths were affected
> (however, differences in length never achieved statistical
> significance; no animals survived to day 32 at 49 µg/L), again
> concentrations of zinc OMADINE causing an effect to length also are
> producing significant toxicity i.e. LC50 8.25 µg/L (significant
> mortality was observed at 49 µg/L starting on day 2 with near 100%
> mortality by day 6).\
> \
> The Chronic Toxicity of Zinc OMADINE to the Mysid, Americamysis bahia
> resulted in a NOEC of 2.28 µg/L and a LOEC of 4.20 µg/L. The LC50 for
> Mysid is 4.7 µg/L as reported in the AD Preliminary Risk Assessment.
> At concentrations of zinc OMADINE that allowed survival equal or
> similar to control values, no reproductive effects were observed.\
> Zinc OMADINE appears to be more of an acute hazard over a chronic
> hazard, based on review of the acute LC50/NOEC and chronic LOEC/NOEC
> values. The chronic NOEC values are in every case similar to the acute
> NOEC values. The fact that only doses of zinc OMADINE that were near
> or greater than the corresponding LC50 were resulting in effects in
> reproduction etc. strongly argues against any chronic hazard and
> definitely confounds any interpretation of possible endocrine
> disruption.
>
> We agree that as the agency states, \"when appropriate screening
> methods have been developed, ZPT will be tested against those
> protocols\".
>
> W. Ecological Hazard and Risk, page 10, 3rd paragraph, entire
> paragraph -- acute and chronic LOCs have been exceeded"
>
> **This paragraph should be stricken because** **this is an incorrect
> conclusion based on an incorrect PEC calculation (see section H).**
>
> Comment: As discussed previously in section H, the exposure modeling
> was a preliminary risk assessment that needs further refinement,
> particularly since it is ten-fold higher than measured concentrations
> of widely-used antifouling biocide, e.g. Irgarol, that is persistent.
> If the modeling is refined using the proper parameters for leach rate
> and degradation (see section H, Table 3 and 4), the PEC will be a
> factor of 10 to a 1000 less than the NOEC of the most sensitive
> aquatic organisms. These refined PECs will not exceed the LOCs.
>
> X. Section 2.0, Physical & Chemical Properties, page 11 listing of
> properties,
>
> "Kow 0.97 \@25 deg. C": **Should read "log K~ow~ 0.97"**
>
> "Koc 2000-3500" **Should read "log K~oc~ 2.9-4.0"**
>
> Y. Section 2.0, Physical & Chemical Properties, page 11, 2nd sentence,
> "However, it is fairly stable in fresh water and sea water under
> conditions of low microbial activity."
>
> **Should read, "However, it is fairly stable in filtered sterile fresh
> water and sterile sea water in the absence of light."**
>
> Comment: There are no instances of marinas and harbors that we are
> aware of that have little to no microbial activity . The marinas and
> harbors are very rich in microbial populations that would readily
> degrade any leached zinc OMADINE.
>
> Z. Section 2.0, Physical & Chemical Properties, page 11, last
> sentence,
>
> "...it can be persistent in soils and sediments containing little or
> no microbial population."
>
> **Should read**: **"...it is not persistent in soils containing little
> or no microbial population, since it is degraded by sediment as well
> as by redox pathways"**
>
> Comment: The Agency makes an incorrect conclusion about degradation
> depending solely on the presence of microbes. The aerobic and
> anaerobic aquatic metabolism studies both showed biphasic degradation
> with a sediment-catalyzed term that has a 30 minute half-life,
> consistent with a chemical reaction and inconsistent with microbial
> degradation. The N-oxide of zinc pyrithione is cleaved by reducing
> agents (anaerobic sediment). Also the thiol group is readily oxidized
> by trace metals. It should also be noted that extensive degradation
> was observed in other guideline studies with sediment and soil
> (ads/des, soil leach). These studies were all conducted in the absence
> of light. If light is present, photolysis becomes an additional
> important degradation pathway.
>
> []{.mark}
>
> AA. Section 3.0, Hazard Characterization, Developmental Toxicity, page
> 12, 1st paragraph, "Developmental toxicity studies using the oral
> route of administration show zinc OMADINE to produce significant
> developmental effect in rabbits which are greater in severity at doses
> of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day than toxicity observed in maternal animals at
> these same dose levels."
>
> **Should read**: **"No developmental effects were observed at
> concentrations below 1.5 mg/kg/day and severe maternal toxicity was
> observed at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day**
>
> Comment: In section 3.0 Hazard Characterization the reference to
> endocrine disruption is associated with the agencies concern for the
> potential of zinc OMADINE to cause developmental effects based on the
> Developmental Toxicity study carried out in Rabbits with zinc
> OMADINE. As mentioned under number 2.0 comment, the DER for the
> rabbit study indicates that the significant decrease in body weight
> gain in the does at the mid and high dose levels (44% and 99%) was not
> biologically relevant as the evaluation of the absolute body weights
> demonstrated only a modest \~4% and \~6% change in body weight over
> the entire gestation period days 0-29. In addition, the DER stated
> that there was no corresponding decrease in food consumption. However,
> in the same DER report of the zinc OMADINE Developmental Toxicity
> Study in the Rabbit Table 3.0 Food Consumption shows a statistically
> significant decrease in food consumption for gestation days 6-19. Body
> weight gains from gestation days 6-19 achieved statistical
> significance of p ≤0.01 that corresponded to a decrease in food
> consumption of 16% (mid-dose, 1.5 mg/kg/day) and 23% (high-dose, 3.0
> mg/kg/day).\
> \
> This clearly indicates that severe maternal toxicity was present at
> the mid- and high-dosed levels and the developmental toxicity observed
> in this study was a result of the significant maternal toxicity and
> significant decrease in food consumption.
>
> BB. Section 3.0, Hazard Characterization, Developmental Toxicity, page
> 13, 2^nd^ paragraph reference to Developmental Toxicity
>
> See Comment in section AA
>
> CC\. Section 3.0, Hazard Characterization, Chronic Toxicity and
> Carcinogenicity, page 14, "Data on the carcinogenic potential of
> sodium OMADINE showed no evidence of carcinogenicity, but one study
> was not tested to an adequate dose."
>
> []{.mark}
>
> **Should read:** "**The only study available to evaluate the
> carcinogenicity of zinc OMADINE was a non-guideline dietary
> oncogenicity study carried out with zinc OMADINE that showed no
> evidence of carcinogenicity. Data from two guideline studies
> evaluating the potential of sodium OMADINE showed no evidence of
> carcinogenicity, with one study failing to achieve significant
> toxicity at the high dose, other than irritation at the site of
> administration (study considered unacceptable, but useful for risk
> assessment)"**.\
> \
> [Comment:]{.underline} The Agency's comment is misleading and suggests
> that only one study was carried out with sodium OMADINEwhen in fact
> two cancer studies were carried out, one Chronic Carcinogenicity study
> in the rat via oral gavage and one Carcinogenicity study in the mouse
> via dermal exposure. The Chronic carcinogenicity study was accepted as
> core but the dermal carcinogenicity study in the mouse was considered
> inadequate due to not achieving a maximally tolerated dose. In
> addition, a two-year dietary carcinogenicity study in rats was carried
> out with zinc OMADINE, this study was carried out in the late 1950's
> and would not be considered acceptable under today's standards.
> However, this study was negative for any increase in tumors over
> control animals. This study along with the two sodium OMADINE studies
> provide additional confidence that the pyrithione's are not
> carcinogenic.
>
> DD. Section 3.0 Hazard Characterization, Metabolism, page 14, last two
> sentences "**The above data do not adequately characterize the
> disposition of zinc OMADINE**, **as no dual labeled test material was
> studied .** The data do suggest less in vivo dissociation of zinc
> OMADINE vs. sodium OMADINE and greater retention of zinc in tissues
> vs. the pyrithione moiety.
####### Remove both sentences, based on comments below
> **Should read:** "Klaasan utilized ^14^C-ZPT and isotopic ^65^-zinc-PT
> to study zinc OMADINE. Klaasan's conclusions indicate that zinc and
> pyrithione go to different locations in the body and are eliminated at
> different rates and different routes,"
>
> Comment: The work by Klaassan demonstrates that when zinc pyrithione
> is administered via oral, dermal, or intravenous routes, the
> pyrithione moiety separates from zinc and distributes differently in
> the body. In fact when it is administered orally, a majority of the
> zinc is excreted in the feces (Klaassan, C. D. (1976). Absorption,
> distribution, and excretion of zinc pyridinethione in rabbits.
> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 35, pp. 581-587.\
> \
> Following oral gavage of ^14^C- or ^65^Zn-ZPT, the percentage of
> administered dose in each of the tissues analyzed was about one-tenth
> of those concentrations seen following i.v. administration. The
> concentration of ^14^C was observed to be higher than ^65^Zn levels in
> liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, pancreas, intestine, stomach, and
> spinal cord but only by a small percentage in most cases. The
> concentration of ^65^Zn was observed to be higher in blood and plasma,
> as well as in eye and muscle. Six hours after oral administration of
> ZPT 1.35% of the ^14^C and 4.4% of the ^65^Zn was found in the major
> organs. The ^14^C levels in the blood were observed to decrease
> between 2 and 6 hours where levels of ^65^Zn were observed to be on
> the increase. Urinary excretion data showed that the ^14^C portion was
> excreted in the urine from 5% at 1 hr. to 50% at 6 hours with less
> than 1% of the ^65^Zn portion being excreted in the urine over 6
> hours.\
> \
> Klaassan concluded that based on the results from these experiments,
> it is apparent that the inorganic (zinc) and organic (pyrithione)
> portion of zinc pyrithione separate. He points to two facts that
> strongly demonstrate this point and they are the differences in zinc
> and pyrithione distribution in the major organs and the differences in
> their excretion profiles.
>
> EE. Section 3.2 FQPA Considerations, page 17, last sentence to page
> 18, 1st sentence "...the developmental toxicity database for zinc
> OMADINE shows effects in offspring at similar dose levels as effects
> in adults, .....".
>
> Should say: **"No developmental effects were observed at
> concentrations below 1.5 mg/kg/day and severe maternal toxicity was
> observed at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day for zinc OMADINE,...."**
>
> See comments under section AA
>
> FF.Section 3.3 Dose-Response Assessment Table 3 Toxicological
> end-points top of page 19 row Incidental oral... under column
> referring to toxicological effects"
###### Correction: Study reference should be for "Rats" and not Rabbits
> GG. Dietary Exposure and Risk 4.2, pg. 21, Table 4.
>
> C**orrection: Table 4, 3^rd^ column value should be 2.1 instead of
> 1.3**
>
> Comment: Footnote b does not include the aPAD values for females
> listed in Table 3, 0.0016 mg/kg/day, and this value was not used in
> the calculation, where the %aPAD for females would be 2.1 if the lower
> aPAD is used.
>
> This error has a ripple effect into the DWLOC calculation for females
> and the aggregate risk calculations. The respective corrections would
> be in Section 5.1,Table 8 where the aPAD for females would be 0.00016,
> the Max Acute Water Exposure for Females would be 0.000157 mg/kg/day
> and the resulting DWLOC would be 47 μg/l
>
> HH. Section 4.3 Drinking Water Exposure and Risk, page 22, 1^st^
> paragraph "Therefore, the Agency is presently relying on computer
> models (PECs) of pesticides in surface water to estimate drinking
> water exposure to zinc OMADINE"
**This statement should be stricken.**
Comment: Does the Agency mean that an individual may drink untreated
surface water from a freshwater marina as opposed to the untreated water
from a freshwater marina being an individual's main source of drinking
water? In our experience all surface waters are treated prior to being
used for drinking water.
> II\. Section 4.3 Drinking Water Exposure and Risk, page 22, 2^nd^
> paragraph, "..... (PEC) is 21.66 ppb zinc OMADINE based on
> Luttik-Johnson Model."
##### Should read "...acute PEC of 0.12 ppb..."
> Comment: The Agency calculated PEC value is erroneous. See discussion
> under "H" above. Refined modeling with appropriate parameters is
> suggested to obtain realistic PECs
>
> JJ. Section 4.3 Drinking Water Exposure and Risk, page 22, 2nd
> paragraph, 5th sentence, "The primary use of this model by the agency
> at this stage is to provide a course screen..."
>
> Should read, "The primary use of this model by the agency at this
> stage is to provide a **coarse** screen..."
>
> KK. Section 4.3 Drinking Water Exposure and Risk, page 22, 3rd
> paragraph, last sentence, "A DWLOC may vary with drinking water
> consumption patterns ane body weight..."
>
> Should read, "A DWLOC may vary with drinking water consumption
> patterns **and** body weight..."
>
> LL. Section 4.4.2, Dandruff Shampoo Exposure, page 25 and top of page
> 26, all references to "Dandruff" shampoo should be "Anti-Dandruff"
> shampoo.
>
> Typographical error in last line of 2nd paragraph referring to "zine
> OMADINE", should be "**zinc** OMADINE".
>
> MM\. Section 4.4.2, Dandruff Shampoo Exposure, page 25, 2^nd^
> paragraph last sentence..."....rather than from soluble zinc OMADINE
> complexed with detergent in the commercial shampoo"
>
> **This part should be stricken because the zinc** OMADINE **does not
> complex with detergent in the shampoo.**
>
> NN. Section 5.1.1. Acute Aggregate Risk Assessment page 29, 3^rd^
> sentence "Drinking water\...could occur from the antifoulant paint
> use"
>
> **This statement is incorrect. See comments under section H and HH.**
>
> OO. Section 5.1.2 Acute DWLOC Calculations, page 30, 2^nd^ full
> paragraph "Using a conservative screening-level model, the acute
> (maximum) PEC for zinc OMADINE in sea water is 21.66 ppb"
**Should read: ".....acute PEC of 0.12ppb.**
> **Also Table 8 on page 30, Table 9 on page 33 and Table 11 on page 36
> contain erroneous PEC and should be replaced with 0.12 ppb**
Comment: See discussion on PEC under H above
> PP. Section 5.2 Short- and Intermediate- Term Aggregate Risk, Oral
> Aggregate Risk Results, full paragraph 2 "However, the DWLOC for
> infants/children of 17 μg/L is slightly less than the PEC of 21.66
> μg/L"
>
> **This statement is incorrect when one considers a PEC of 0.12 ppb. In
> addition to the fact that surface water are routinely treated prior to
> use as drinking water.**
>
> Comments: See H and HH sections.
>
> QQ. Section 5.3.2, Chronic (non-Cancer) DWLOC Calculations, page 35,
> last paragraph, "PEC for Zinc OMADINE in sea water is 21.66 ppb"
##### Should read "...acute PEC of 0.12 ppb..."
> Comment: The erroneous PEC value should be replaced. See discussion on
> PEC under "H" above and DWLOC discussion under "HH" above .
>
> RR.Section 9, Environmental Risk, Environmental Fate, page 41, 1st
> paragraph, 6th sentence, "Photolytic measurements showed that zinc
> OMADINE dissociates in 13 minutes..."
>
> Should read "Photolytic measurements showed that zinc OMADINE
> **degrades** in 13 minutes..."
>
> SS. Section 9, Environmental Risk, Ecological Hazard and Risk, page
> 42, 1st paragraph, "Zinc OMADINE is very highly toxic on an acute
> basis to freshwater and marine fish and invertebrates, as well as to
> aquatic plant species".
>
> [Comment:]{.underline} Request that a sentence following the above
> sentence describing the conditions and measures taken to meet
> guidelines in maintaining test substance concentrations throughout the
> aquatic toxicity tests. The results are highly conservative based on
> the fact that under normal lighting in a laboratory greatly diminishes
> the concentration of zinc OMADINE (through photolysis) and
> consequently would reduce the "real-life" toxicity to fish and aquatic
> plants.
>
> Even though Zinc OMADINE LC50 values for fish and aquatic plants are
> less than 1.0 mg/L and in many cases goes down to single digits of the
> µg/L; we want to point out that these values are highly conservative
> as in all of the fish and most of the aquatic plant studies light
> intensity was reduced by 75% and the use of filters to block the
> 350-355 nm wavelength (sensitive wavelength of zinc OMADINE) were
> utilized and the diluters were run at maximal capacity in an attempt
> to maintain test article concentration throughout the test period.
> Without these measures pyrithione levels drop dramatically and
> constant levels of zinc OMADINE cannot be maintained over 6 hours let
> alone the usual 96-120 hours for acute toxicity tests.
>
> TT. In section 9.0 Environmental Risk subsection Ecological Hazard and
> Risk, page 42, a statement indicating that "..zinc OMADINE causes
> adverse impacts on freshwater and marine invertebrate reproduction and
> growth at very low levels. Thus, these reproductive impacts indicate
> that zinc OMADINE is a potential endocrine disruptor."
>
> **Should read: "Zinc OMADINE** **at near lethal concentrations i.e.
> at or near the LC50 values reported for fish and invertebrates was
> observed to produce limited effects to reproduction and minor effects
> to growth. However, at doses at or near the NOEC for zinc OMADINE**
> **no effects to reproduction or growth was observed in any aquatic
> species tested, fish or invertebrate thus diminishing any concern for
> the potential of endocrine disruption."**
>
> Comment:\
> [Ecological Toxicity:]{.underline} The results from testing zinc
> OMADINE in the Early Life Stage Study of the fathead minnow resulted
> in a NOEC of 1.22 µg/L following 32-days of exposure with a LOEC of
> 2.82 µg/L. The sensitive toxic endpoints were survival and sublethal
> effects at hatch and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post hatch. There was no
> apparent effect on reproduction but in the AD Preliminary Risk
> Assessment there is mention of developmental effects to the fish i.e.
> bent bodies. This effect only was observed at concentrations above
> 1.22 µg/L (≥2.82 µg/L) and only became visible on days 5-10 and again
> on days 17-32 post hatching, strongly suggesting that repeated
> exposures to near lethal concentrations of zinc Omadine® was
> responsible for this effect and not developmental toxicity. NOTE: The
> Acute LC50 in fathead minnow for zinc OMADINE is 2.68 µg/L (see table
> 13 page 42 of the AD Preliminary Risk Assessment).\
> \
> The results from testing zinc OMADINE in the Chronic Toxicity to the
> Daphnid, Daphnia magna with Zinc OMADINE demonstrated that the NOEC
> is 2.7 µg/L and the LOEC is 5.8 µg/L. Doses tested were 0, 2.7, 5.8,
> 12, 22, and 49 µg/L. The LC50 for Daphnid reported in the AD
> Preliminary Risk Assessment is 8.25 µg/L. The mean day to the first
> brood was delayed at 22 and 49 µg/L, concentrations that clearly
> produce significant toxicity to the Daphnid. At concentrations of 12
> and 22 µg/L lengths were affected (however, differences in length
> never achieved statistical significance; no animals survived to day 32
> at 49 µg/L), again concentrations of zinc OMADINE causing an effect
> to length also are producing significant toxicity i.e. LC50 8.25 µg/L
> (significant mortality was observed at 49 µg/L starting on day 2 with
> near 100% mortality by day 6).\
> The Chronic Toxicity of Zinc OMADINE to the Mysid, Americamysis bahia
> resulted in a NOEC of 2.28 µg/L and a LOEC of 4.20 µg/L. The LC50 for
> Mysid is 4.7 µg/L as reported in the AD Preliminary Risk Assessment.
> At concentrations of zinc OMADINE that allowed survival equal or
> similar to control values, no reproductive effects were observed.\
> \
> [Conclusion:]{.underline} Zinc OMADINE appears to be more of an acute
> hazard over a chronic hazard, based on review of the acute LC50/NOEC
> and chronic LOEC/NOEC values. The chronic NOEC values are in every
> case similar to the acute NOEC values. The fact that only doses of
> zinc Omadine® that were near or greater than the corresponding LC50
> were resulting in effects in reproduction etc. strongly argues against
> any chronic hazard and definitely confounds any interpretation of
> possible endocrine disruption.
>
> UU.Section 9.0, page 42, Table 13,
>
> **Corrections to Table. Waterflea LC~50~ should be 34 ppb and 95%
> confidence intervals should read 28 -- 41 (MRID 44921801). NOAEC
> should be 13 ppb.**
>
> VV.Section 9.0, page 43, Table 13,
>
> **Corrections to Table. Algae and aquatic plants. Freshwater algae
> NOAEC should be 7.8 ppb (MRID# 43864609); Anabaena NOAEC should be 3.8
> ppb (MRID# 45564901); Navicula NOAEC should be 2.4 ppb (MRID#
> 45565001); Lemna gibba NOAEC should be 4.0 ppb (MRID# 45204104).**
>
> WW.Section 9.0, page 43, Table 14, Freshwater fish early life stage
> toxicity data
>
> **Correction to Table. Fathead minnow EC~50~ should be 1.9 ppb (MRID#
> 44591204); NOAEC should be 1.22 ppb and the LOAEC is 2.82 ppb (Table
> indicated 282 ppb for NOAEC)**
>
> XX.Section 9.0, page 44, Table 14 Freshwater Invertebrate Life Cycle
> Toxicity Data
>
> Correction to Table Waterflea EC~50~ should be 29 ppb (MRID#
> 44535401); and NOAEC should be 2.7 ppb and the LOAEC should be 5.8
> ppb.; Mysid EC50 should be 5.2 ppb and NOAEC should be 2.3 ppb; LOAEC
> should be 4.2 ppb.
Y. Section 9.0, page 46, 1st paragraph " Environmental.......
invertebrates. The antifoulant use of zinc OMADINE is likely to
result in adverse effects to fish, aquatic plants and aquatic
invertebrates, including endangered species.
> **This paragraph should be stricken because** **this is an incorrect
> conclusion based on an incorrect PEC calculation (see section H).**
>
> Comment: As discussed previously in section H, the exposure modeling
> was a preliminary risk assessment that needs further refinement,
> particularly since it is ten-fold higher than measured concentrations
> of widely-used antifouling biocide, e.g. Irgarol, that is persistent.
> If the modeling is refined using the proper parameters for leach rate
> and degradation (see section H, Table 3 and 4), the PEC will be a
> factor of 10 to a 1000 less than the NOEC of the most sensitive
> aquatic organisms. These refined PECs will not exceed the LOCs.
Z. Section 10.0, page 46 Data Deficiencies /Data Needs:
> Comment: We have generated data on aquatic plants and whole sediment
> toxicity study to support our antifoulant use of zinc OMADINE.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 346740 |
July 17, 1992
OFFICE OF WATER QUALITY TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 92.12
Subject: PROGRAMS AND PLANS--Trace Element Concentrations in
Deionized Water Processed Through
Selected Surface-Water Samplers:
Study Results and Implications
SYNOPSIS
The Office of Water Quality is conducting a series of studies
dedicated to identifying equipment, supplies, and cleaning
procedures suitable for a part-per-billion protocol for dissolved
trace elements. As part of this effort, a study was conducted to
determine the levels of trace-element contamination originating
from selected surface-water samplers during the processing of
deionized water through the samplers. The major findings are:
1. The highest levels of contamination in the sampler blanks were
observed for aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc.
2. The levels of observed trace-element contamination depended on
both the type and physical condition of the sampler.
3. No sampler type was clean enough--following pre-rinsing with
deionized water--to use in a part-per-billion protocol for
dissolved trace elements. Therefore, a cleaning procedure
using acid will be necessary in the part-per-billion protocol.
4. The least contaminating samplers were D77 Teflon, D77 frame,
and D77 bag. Certain D77 standard (plastic) samplers also
yielded low levels of contamination. Accordingly, these four
sampler types have been selected for further study using a
prescribed cleaning procedure.
5. Five sampler types--D74, DH49, P61, P63, and P72--were found
to produce unacceptably high levels of trace-element
contamination. Accordingly, these sampler types have been
dropped from further consideration as samplers for dissolved
trace elements.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies indicate that contamination occurs for a number of
dissolved trace elements in the Division data base. The study
findings were reported in Office of Water Quality (OWQ) Technical
Memorandum (Tech Memo) 91.10. OWQ Tech Memo 92.03 suggested a
caveat for inclusion in State data reports; the caveat was revised
in OWQ Tech Memo 92.04. OWQ Tech Memo 92.05 suggests how the
Division can address issues of uncertainty in the validity and
usefulness of existing dissolved trace-element data.
Tech Memo 91.10 reported that Division operational program data
are probably significantly contaminated for dissolved analyses of
arsenic, boron, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
mercury, and zinc. The contamination appears to result from
sample collection and sample processing, rather than from the
laboratory. Accordingly, the nine elements were dropped from the
NASQAN schedule beginning October 1, 1991. Since the summer of
1991, OWQ has sponsored a series of experiments (mentioned in Tech
Memo 91.10) to identify the sources of the reported contamination.
The experiments were designed to identify materials, samplers,
filters, filtration systems, and cleaning procedures that can be
used in a unified protocol to successfully measure trace elements
in a "contaminant free manner" at the parts-per-billion (ppb)
level (equivalent to 5g/L).
PURPOSE OF THIS MEMO
This memo presents and describes the results and implications from
an August 1991 study of contamination from selected surface-water
samplers.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study were to:
1. Determine the trace-element contamination levels arising from
use of selected surface-water samplers currently in use by
several Districts;
2. Determine if a relation exists between trace-element
contamination and the physical condition of samplers;
3. Determine the variance of trace-element contamination for (a)
comparative tests on different categories and types of
samplers, and (b) tests on identical types of samplers;
4. Select a subset of the least contaminating samplers for
further study;
5. Identify the samplers that cannot be used for collecting
samples for trace-element analysis at the ppb or lower levels;
and
6. Update the provisional list cited in Tech Memo 91.10 of trace
elements in the Division data base that are significantly
contaminated.
Table 1 provides a basis for evaluating the results from this
study by presenting (a) the 1991 reporting limits (RLs) for the
NASQAN Program, (b) the RLs targeted for the new ppb protocol
being prepared by the OWQ, and (c) one-half of the values of the
targeted RLs. The goal in developing the new protocol is to keep
the cumulative contamination measured from all sources at or below
one-half the targeted RLs.
STUDY DESIGN
Surface-water samplers were selected from a number of Districts
and shipped to two locations for testing. Aliquots of deionized
water were processed through each sampler to obtain sampler
blanks, and the blanks thus collected were analyzed for selected
trace elements.
Tested Samplers
To minimize the variability of trace-element contamination due to
several people processing sampler blanks, all samplers were
shipped from home Districts to two locations where the testing was
conducted by one person, Larry Shelton. Nine types of samplers
were tested. The locations, dates, and types of samplers tested
are listed below. When multiple samplers of a given type were
tested, the number tested is shown in parenthesis.
Pennsylvania District Office Sacramento Subdistrict Office
Lemoyne, Pennsylvania Sacramento, California
August 7, 1991 August 13, 1991
P61 P63 (2)
DH49 (4) P72
D74 (4) D77 plastic
D77 standard (referred to in D77 Teflon
this memo as D77 plastic)(3) D77 frame
D77 bag
D77 Teflon
Table 2 presents detailed information on each of the tested
samplers. For purposes of this study, the nine types of tested
samplers were separated into three broad categories based on the
following definitions:
1. Standard -- non-solenoid samplers in common use by Districts
to collect water/suspended-sediment mixtures; includes D77
plastic, D74, and DH49 samplers.
2. Solenoid -- solenoid activated point samplers used by
Districts to collect water/suspended-sediment mixtures;
includes P61, P63, and P72 samplers.
3. Modified -- samplers modified from the standard D77 sampler.
This category includes: D77 Teflon--modified to have a Teflon
nozzle, cap, adapter, and bottle; D77 bag--with a plastic
freezer bag inserted in a slotted plastic bottle; and D77
frame--with a plastic cooking bag attached to a standard D77
plastic cap and nozzle, held in place and suspended with the
aid of a metal frame, and placed above a lead sounding weight.
In general, these three categories divide the samplers according
to the potential for sample water (and, hence, the DIW in this
study) to contact metal surfaces. Contact of water with metal
definitely occurs in solenoid samplers. In addition, in all
standard samplers except the D77, the potential for contact with a
metal surface occurs in the space around the gasket and with the
metal air vent.
Sampler Condition Rating
Larry Shelton devised and used a system to rate the physical
condition of tested samplers. The system included four
categories:
1. Very good--sampler is painted (no chips) and visibly clean;
special precautions taken during storage to prevent
contamination;
2. Good--sampler is painted (but with some minor chips) and
visibly clean; no special storage precautions are evident;
3. Fair--sampler is painted (but with numerous chips) and visibly
dirty; no special storage precautions are evident; and
4. Poor--sampler is only partially painted, or in need of
repainting, and is visibly very dirty; no special storage
precautions are evident. For point samplers, mechanical
problems are evident.
The intent of the rating was to determine if a relation exists
between easily observable criteria of physical condition and
storage, and the level of measured trace-element contamination.
As can be seen in Table 2, a relation exists between sampler
category and rated sampler condition. The four tested modified
samplers received three very good and one good ratings. The 12
standard samplers included one very good, eight good, one fair,
and two poor ratings. The four solenoid samplers received one
good, one fair, and two poor ratings. Thus, the general order of
sampler condition was: modified better than standard better than
solenoid. This may result from (a) District crews taking better
care of modified samplers because of the intent to collect "clean
samples" for chemical analysis, and (b) progressively less
attention to caring for standard and solenoid samplers because of
the lack of a specific intent to collect clean samples.
Processing of Sampler Blanks
To mimic normal field procedure, each sampler was pre-rinsed three
times with deionized water (DIW). Samplers intentionally were not
pre-cleaned with a dilute acid wash. The intent was to measure
the trace-element contamination emanating from the samplers as
used in normal District operations.
After rinsing, samplers were gravity fed with DIW using a pre-
cleaned glass funnel and Teflon tube to simulate sampling. The
DIW was removed from the samplers using normal field procedures,
poured into pre-cleaned Teflon bottles, and acidified with 0.5
milliters (mL) of ultra pure nitric acid. Two or three blanks
were processed for each sampler. Aliquots of the DIW, with and
without the acid preservative, and an atmospheric blank with added
preservative were also collected.
Laboratory Analysis
All samples were shipped from each site as a batch to the National
Water-Quality Laboratory for analysis. Analysis order was based
on the likelihood of contamination, with those samples likely to
be contaminated analyzed last. The samples were interspersed with
laboratory blanks and standards for quality assurance. Lynda
Faires provided research grade-custom analysis using ICP/MS with a
RL of 0.2 5g/L for each analyzed element. All reported data are
the average of triplicate analyses. The elements analyzed were
aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium
(Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn),
molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), thorium (Th), thallium
(Tl), uranium (U), and zinc (Zn). The estimated accuracy of
results are:
<0.2 - 1 5g/L 50-100 percent
1 - 10 5g/L 10- 50 percent
10 - 100 5g/L 1- 10 percent
OVERVIEW OF RESULTS, DATA INTERPRETATIONS,
AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES
All results for six elements--Co, Mo, Ag, Th, Tl, and U--were
below the study RL in the DIW and in the blanks from all tested
samplers. All values for Be were below the RL except one, which
was at the RL. No further mention is made in this memo of these
seven elements. In contrast, concentrations were commonly
measured for nine elements--Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and
Zn. The ensuing sections describe the results for these nine
elements.
Table 3 presents the detailed data for the nine elements. The
table shows the sample type and identification number (ID) (for
DIW and each tested sampler), the date of testing, the sampler
condition rating, and the respective elemental concentrations.
Based on the study results, the ensuing sections:
1. Compare the median concentrations for the trace elements
between the three major categories of samplers--modified,
standard, and solenoid.
2. Compare the median concentrations for each sampler category to
(a) the 1991 NASQAN RLs, and (b) the targeted reporting levels
for the ppb trace-element protocol.
3. Statistically compare the populations of trace-element
concentrations for each category of sampler against (a) the
population of trace-element concentrations in the DIW, and (b)
concentrations in each of the other sampler categories.
4. Compare the median concentrations for the trace elements
between the four sampler condition ratings--very good, good,
fair, and poor.
5. Compare the median concentrations for each sampler condition
rating against (a) the 1991 NASQAN RLs, and (b) the targeted
RLs for the ppb trace-element protocol.
6. Statistically compare the populations of trace-element
concentrations for each sampler condition rating against (a)
the population of trace-element concentrations in the DIW, and
(b) concentrations in each of the other sampler condition
ratings.
7. Compare the highest concentration observed for each trace
element in each of the nine types of samplers against (a) the
1991 NASQAN RLs, (b) one-half the targeted RLs for the ppb
trace-element protocol, and (c) the trace elements reported in
OWQ Tech Memo 91.10 as being significantly contaminated in the
Division data base.
8. Examine the variance of contamination found for tests on
identical types of samplers.
These cited comparisons are given in Tables 4-9 and many are
illustrated in Figures 1-10.
Elemental concentration data for sampler categories and sampler
condition rating were statistically tested for differences (see
Tables 5 and 7). In each comparison, the non-parametric Mann-
Whitney test was applied to determine if the populations of trace-
element concentrations were statistically different. For example,
Table 5 presents the test results comparing the concentration
population of each trace element in the sampler blanks, compiled
by sampler category, to the respective concentration populations
in DIW. Values shown in bold print denote a statistically
significant difference (p = 0.05) in the concentration populations
of elements.
The Mann-Whitney test compares the composited ranks of data values
for the compared populations. Therefore, the comparison is for
the entire population of data values, not merely the median. The
reader should bear this in mind when comparing the median
concentrations in Table 4 to the statistical results in Table 5.
(Also for comparing Tables 6 and 7.) For example, in Table 4,
even though the median concentrations for DIW and the sampler
categories are identical for Ba, populations of the concentrations
differ (see Figure 10), and therefore, some statistically
significant differences are reported for Ba in Table 5.
COMPARISON OF CONTAMINATION BY SAMPLER CATEGORY
Table 4 presents the median concentrations of the nine elements in
sampler blanks by sampler category in relation to the respective
concentrations for the DIW, the 1991 NASQAN RLs, and one-half the
targeted RLs for the new ppb trace-element protocol. For DIW, the
medians for all elements but Al were <0.2 5g/L (although there
were
individual measurements at or just above the RL for Cu, Ni, and
Zn; see Table 3). For Al, the concentration in DIW ranged from
<0.2-4.2 5g/L with a median of 0.5 5g/L. (The source of Al
contamination in DIW is unknown.) The trace-element
concentrations in DIW are taken as a base, and markedly higher
values observed in the sampler blanks are considered to represent
contamination from the samplers.
The results in Table 4 indicate:
1. In general, the highest levels of contamination in the sampler
blanks were observed for Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn.
2. The levels of trace-element contamination varied for the three
examined categories of samplers.
3. The modified samplers had the lowest or equally lowest median
concentrations for all elements except Ni (for which the
concentration was 0.4 5g/L). The standard samplers had the
second lowest median values for Al, Cu, and Pb, whereas the
solenoid samplers had the second lowest median values for Mn
and Zn; and the lowest, overall, for Ni.
4. For the modified samplers, the median concentrations of Ba,
Cd, Cr, and Mn were <0.2 5g/L compared to values of <0.2 5g/L
in the DIW. In contrast, the median concentrations of Al, Cu,
Pb, Ni, and Zn from the modified samplers exceeded the
respective median values in DIW.
5. Except for Cu, the median concentrations in the modified
samplers were less than the respective NASQAN RLs. The median
concentration of Cu was 1.7 5g/L.
6. Except for Cu, the median concentrations in the modified
samplers were less than one-half of the new protocol's targeted
RLs.
Table 5 shows the results of Mann-Whitney statistical testing of
the populations of elemental concentrations by sampler category.
The test results support the observations cited above.
1. The comparison of the sampler categories to the DIW show
significant differences (at p = 0.05) for three of eight
testable elements for the modified samplers, eight of nine
testable elements for the standard samplers, and five of eight
testable elements for the solenoid samplers.
2. For the modified samplers, significant differences from DIW
occurred for Cu, Pb, and Zn. In addition, weakly significant
differences occurred for Al (p = 0.114) and Ni (p = 0.052).
These five elements show median concentrations in the modified
samplers that exceed the respective median values in DIW (see
Table 4 and refer to item 3 above).
3. Comparison for the three sampler categories shows that the
modified samplers were statistically different (at p = 0.05)
from the standard samplers for Al, Ba, Cr, Pb, Mn, and Zn; and
from the solenoid samplers for Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn.
COMPARISON OF CONTAMINATION BY SAMPLER CONDITION
Table 6 presents the median concentrations of the nine elements in
sampler blanks by sampler condition in relation to the respective
concentrations for DIW, the 1991 NASQAN RLs, and one-half the
targeted RLs for the new ppb trace-element protocol. As for the
comparisons of sampler categories, the elemental concentrations in
sampler blanks that exceed the levels in DIW are considered to
represent contamination from the samplers.
The results in Table 6 indicate:
1. A relation exists between the levels of trace-element
contamination in the sampler blanks and the rated condition of
samplers (as rated according to descriptive criteria by an
experienced field person).
2. The samplers rated in "very good condition" had the lowest or
equally lowest median concentrations for all nine elements.
The "good condition" samplers had the second lowest or equally
lowest median concentrations for all nine elements. In
contrast, the "fair condition" samplers had the highest median
concentrations for all nine elements, whereas the "poor
condition" samplers had the second highest median
concentrations for Al, Ba, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn.
3. For the samplers rated in "very good condition", the median
concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni were <0.2 5g/L,
compared to values of <0.2 5g/L in the DIW. In contrast, the
median concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn from the "very good
condition" samplers exceeded the respective median values in
DIW.
4. Except for Cu, the median concentrations in the "very good
condition" samplers were less than the respective NASQAN RLs.
(The median concentration of Cu was 1.0 5g/L).
5. Except for Cu, the median concentrations in the "very good
condition" samplers were less than one-half of the new
protocol's target RLs.
Table 7 shows the results of the Mann-Whitney statistical testing
of the populations of elemental concentrations by sampler
condition. In general, the test results support the observations
cited above in items 1-5. Especially noteworthy are the values
given in the last column of table 7 that compares samplers rated
in "very good condition" versus "fair and poor condition."
COMPARISON OF CONTAMINATION BY SAMPLER CATEGORY AND
SAMPLER CONDITION
As noted in the section entitled "Sampler Condition Rating," a
relation exists between the sampler categories used in this study
and the sampler condition ratings. A statistical analysis to
separate these two effects is problematic, because when elemental
concentrations are sorted by both sampler category and sampler
condition rating, the number of data in certain classes is very
small. Therefore, although the statistical analysis was run, the
results are not reported. Moreover, the overriding finding is
that both factors are important in determining: (a) the levels of
resultant elemental contamination, and, hence, (b) the utility of
samplers for collecting samples for trace-element analysis at the
ppb and lower levels.
COMPARISON OF HIGHEST ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS IN EACH SAMPLER
TYPE TO SPECIFIED REPORTING LEVELS AND RESULTS REPORTED IN
TECH MEMO 91.10
Comparison To 1991 NASQAN Reporting Limits
Table 8 compares the highest elemental concentrations observed for
each sampler type versus the respective 1991 NASQAN RLs.
1. Among the modified sampler types, each--the D77 Teflon, the
D77 bag, and D77 frame--had Cu concentrations that exceeded the
NASQAN RL. The D77 bag also exceeded the RL for Ni, and the
D77 Teflon the RL for Pb.
2. Among the standard samplers, each set of the four samplers (D77
plastic, D74, and DH49) had exceedances for five elements--Al,
Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn. In addition, the D77 plastic samplers had
an exceedance for Ni, and the D74s for Cd and Ni.
3. Among the solenoid samplers, the P61 had exceedances for Al,
Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn; and the two P63s had an additional
exceedance for Cd. The P72 had exceedances for Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn,
and Zn.
Comparison To List of Elements Reported as Significantly
Contaminated in the Division Data Base in Tech Memo 91.10
As previously noted, Tech Memo 91.10 (see page 33) identified
significant contamination in Division trace-element data for As,
B, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn. Most of the samples collected
in the comparative study which formed the basis of Tech Memo 91.10
conclusions were collected by standard type samplers. In the
present study, As, B, and Hg were not analyzed. Of the remaining
six elements, the results for the standard type samplers (Table 8)
show contamination above the NASQAN RLs as follows:
1. D77s -- for Cu, Pb, and Zn; also for Al, Mn, and Ni; but not
for Be, Cd, or Cr.
2. D74s -- for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn; also for Al, Mn, and Ni; but
not for Be or Cr.
3. DH49s -- for Cu, Pb, and Zn; also for Al and Mn; but not for
Be, Cd, Cr, or Ni.
Comparison To One-Half the Target RLs for the New PPB Protocol
Table 9 compares the highest elemental concentrations for each
sampler type versus one-half of the targeted RLs for the new ppb
trace-element protocol.
1. Among the modified samplers, all three types had exceedances
for Cu and Zn, and the D77 bag and D77 Teflon had additional
exceedances for Pb and Ni. In addition, the D77 Teflon had an
exceedance for Al.
2. Among the standard type samplers, each of the four sampler
sets for D77 plastic, D74, and DH49 had exceedances for six
elements--Al, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn. The D74s also had
exceedances for the remaining three elements--Ba, Cd, and Cr.
The D77 plastic samplers had an additional exceedance for Cr.
3. Among the solenoid type samplers, the P61, the two P63s, and
the P72 all had exceedances for Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The P61
had additional exceedances for Mn and Ni; the two P63s had
additional exceedances of Cd and Ni, and the P72 had additional
exceedances of Cd and Mn.
VARIABILITY AMONG IDENTICAL TYPES OF SAMPLERS
Table 3 and Figures 1-9 show the degree of variability found when
testing multiple samplers of the same type.
1. For D77 Teflon, 2 samplers--both rated in very good condition--
were tested (Table 2). The first sampler (tested on August 7,
1991), had exceedances of the study RLs (0.2 5g/L) for Al, Cu,
Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn. The second (tested on August 13, 1991), had
exceedances for Pb, Ni, and Zn.
2. For D77 plastic, one sampler--rated in poor condition--stood
out with very high contamination of Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn. A
second sampler--rated poor--gave high levels of Zn, and
relatively moderate levels of Al, Cu, and Pb. The other two
samplers--rated very good and good--gave exceedances for, but
relatively low levels of all elements except Cd.
3. For the D74s, one sampler--rated fair and having a brass
nozzle--gave very high contamination for Al, Cu, Pb, Ni, and
Zn. A second sampler--rated good--gave high contamination of
Cu, relatively moderate levels of Pb, and one high level of Zn.
In contrast, the other two samplers--both rated good--gave
relatively low levels of all elements.
4. For the DH49s, all four samplers were rated good. However,
two of the four gave high contamination of Cu, Pb, and Zn and
relatively moderate levels of Ni and Mn. In addition, two
samplers had high individual values for Al.
5. For the P63s, one sampler--rated good--gave high contamination
of Al, whereas the second sampler--rated poor--gave relatively
high concentrations of Cd, Cu (especially on one test), Pb and
Zn.
IMPLICATIONS OF STUDY RESULTS
The study results have the following implications concerning (a)
development of a ppb trace-element protocol for Divisionwide use
in the Federal-State Cooperative, Other Federal Agency, and
Federal Programs, and (b) contaminated results in the Division
data base.
1. The highest levels of contamination in sampler blanks were
observed for Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn.
2. As a group, the types of samplers in the modified category--
D77 Teflon, D77 frame, and D77 bag--gave the lowest levels of
trace-element contamination. This result was expected because
none of these samplers: (a) cause contact of the sample with an
internal metal surface (such as in the solenoid samplers), or
(b) provide the potential for such contact (as in all tested
standard samplers, except the D77 plastic).
3. Based on the estimated accuracy of the analytical results
(<0.2 - 1 5g/L = 50-100 percent; 1-10 5g/L = 10-50 percent), an
examination of Table 3 and Figures 1-9 indicates that the D77
plastic samplers (categorized as standard type samplers)
produced considerably more contamination than the modified
samplers for Al, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn, and possibly Ba, Cr, and Ni.
However, when the two D77 plastic samplers rated in poor
condition are dropped from the comparison (so that all compared
samplers are rated in good or very good condition), the
contamination from the D77 plastic samplers is comparable to
the contamination from the modified samplers. This suggests
that for trace-element work at the ppb level, plastic may be a
suitable material for the sampler's nozzle, cap, and bottle.
4. Because of (a) the lack of potential for a sample to contact
an internal metal surface, and (b) the reported test results,
the modified samplers and the D77 plastic samplers have been
selected for further study with a prescribed cleaning
procedure.
5. All other samplers--both those tested in this study and
additional non-tested samplers--have been dropped from further
study at this time. This includes: D74s, DH49s, P61s, P63s,
and D72s. If individual District projects wish to use these or
untested samplers, they should: (a) test the samplers for
contamination before use, and (b) if the sampler is selected
for use, implement rigorous quality control including a high
percentage (up to 25 percent) of sampler blanks (in proportion
to the number of environmental samples collected).
6. None of the sampler types selected for further study were
clean enough for direct use in a ppb trace-element protocol
(see Table 9). Therefore, the OWQ asked Art Horowitz to
develop a cleaning procedure for samplers (and other field
apparatus). The subsequent draft procedure has undergone
intensive review within and outside of the USGS. The revised
cleaning procedure has, hence, been applied to an additional
sampler study which included: (a) the surface-water samplers
selected from this study, and (b) ground-water sampling devices
of wide use within the Division. The results of this second
study will be reported later this year in another OWQ technical
memorandum.
7. The six tested types of samplers in the standard and solenoid
categories gave contamination above the 1991 NASQAN RLs for Al
(5 of 6), Cd (3 of 6), Cu (6 of 6), Pb (6 of 6), Mn (4 of 6),
Ni (4 of 6), and Zn (6 of 6) (see Table 8). Based on these
results, Al, Mn, and Ni are, hereby, added to the list of trace
elements categorized as significantly contaminated in the
Division data base (see OWQ Tech Memo 91.10, page 33). In
91.10 (see Table 2, pages 24 and 33), Al and Mn were
categorized as "significantly different from NRP data but the
differences may result largely from filtration artifacts,
rather than contamination." We believe filtration artifacts do
occur with Al and Mn, as well as with Fe. However, the results
from this study are free of filtration artifacts and show that
selected samplers widely used in the Division do produce
contamination above NASQAN RLs for Al and Mn. In 91.10, Ni was
found to have a statistically significant difference from NRP
for the sampling step (median difference of 0.32 5g/L; 0.01-0.1
probability). However, the sampling difference was considered
small and inconclusive, and Ni was categorized as
"noncontaminated or minimally contaminated." Based on the
present study, Ni is moved to the significantly contaminated
category. The reader should note that the classification of
Al, Mn, and Ni in the "significantly contaminated" category was
drawn from multiple lines of evidence and signifies that some
unknown portion of the Division's data base for these elements
is contaminated.
8. Two elements--Be and Cr--were found from the studies reported
in Tech Memo 91.10 to be significantly contaminated, but were
not found to be contaminating in this study. However, the
results in 91.10 included contamination from all field steps,
not just the sampling device. Moreover, the contamination
noted for Be in 91.10 occurred in the field processing step
(sample splitting, filtration, etc.), rather than the sample
collection step), as did the most statistically significant
contamination observed for Cr. Therefore, Be and Cr will
remain on the list of significantly contaminated elements.
9. Tech Memo 91.10 listed Ag on the "as yet undetermined list"
for contamination, and did not cover analyses for Th and Tl.
In the present study, the tested sampling devices were
noncontaminating for these three elements. These three
elements remain to be assessed for contamination from field
processing steps (sample splitting, filtration, etc.)
David A. Rickert
Chief, Office of Water Quality
Key Words: NASQAN, trace elements, contamination,
water/suspended-sediment samplers
This memorandum refers to Office of Water Quality Technical
Memorandums 91.10, 92.03, 92.04, and 92.05.
Distribution: A, B, S, FO, PO
=======================================================================
TABLES:
Tables 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are presented below in this document.
Tables 2, 3, 8, and 9 are presented as separate graphical documents.
Figures 1 to 10 are also presented as separate graphical documents.
=======================================================================
Table 1.--Reporting limits of selected elements for NASQAN,
1991, and the new parts-per-billion (ppb) protocol
One-half
targeted
1991 Targeted reporting
NASQAN reporting limit limit for
reporting limit1 for ppb protocol ppb protocol2
Element (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L)
Al 10 10 5.0
Ba 2 2 1
Be 0.5 0.5 .25
Cd 1 1 0.5
Co 3 1 0.5
Cr 1 1 0.5
Cu 1 1 0.5
Fe 3 3 1.5
Pb 1 1 0.5
Mn 1 1 0.5
Mo 10 1 0.5
Ni 1 1 0.5
Ag 1 0.2 0.1
Zn 3 3 1.5
1 For samples in which specific conductance < 2,000 FS/cm.
2 Maximum limit from all sources of contamination.
Table 4.--Median concentration of elements in DIW and in sampler blanks
by sampler category in relation to reporting limits for NASQAN
and one-half the reporting limits for the new parts-per-billion
protocol [Number of samples for DIW and in each sampler category
is given in parenthesis]
Reporting limits (ug/L)
1/2 ppb Median concentration (ug/L)
NASQAN- protocol Sampler categories
Element 1991 target DIW Modified Standard Solenoid
(12) (12) (32) (9)
Aluminum 10 5 0.5 1.9 4.5 7.1
Barium 2 1 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
Cadmium 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.4
Chromium 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
Copper 1 0.5 <0.2 1.7 3.4 5.9
Lead 1 0.5 <0.2 0.3 3.1 3.2
Manganese 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 0.8 0.3
Nickel 1 0.5 <0.2 0.4 0.3 <0.2
Zinc 3 1.5 <0.2 1.3 5.9 4.8
Table 5.--Mann-Whitney statistical comparison of the populations of elemental
concentrations for DIW and sampler blanks by sampler categories1
Comsarison of samsler categories
Modified Modified Standard
DIW versus sampler categorv versus versus versus
Element Modified Standard Solenoid standard solenoid solenoid
Aluminum 0.114 0.000* 0.000* 0.003* 0.001* 0.196
Barium 0.755 0.007* 0.096 0.021* 0.062 0.476
Cadmium2 - 0.381 0.487 0.381 0.001* 0.000*
Chromium2 0.755 0.043* _ 0.043* _ 0.078
Copper 0.002* 0.000* 0.000* 0.073 0.006* 0.431
Lead 0.015* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.962
Manganese 0.178 0.000* 0.002* 0.002* 0.010* 0.356
Nickel 0.052 0.044* 0.294 0.835 0.853 0.660
Zinc 0.001* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 1.000
1 Highlighted (*) values are significant at p = 0.05 level.
2 Because all values were less than the reporting limit, the Mann-Whitney test
could not be applied.
Table 6.--Median concentration of elements in DIW and sampler blanks by
condition rating in relation to reporting limits for NASQAN and
one-half the reporting limits for the new parts-per-billion protocol
[Number of samples for DIW and in each sampler condition category
is given in parenthesis]
Reporting limits (ug/L) Median concentration (ug/L)
1/2 ppb For samplers rated
NASQAN- protocol Very
Element 1991 target DIW good Good Fair Poor
(12) (12) (25) {5) (11)
Aluminum 10 5 0.5 1.9 2.9 12 7.1
Barium 2 1 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.7 0.3
Cadmium 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 1.0 <0.2
Chromium 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.4 <0.2
Copper 1 0.5 <0.2 1.0 1.7 22 11
Lead 1 0.5 <0.2 0.4 0.6 10 4.8
Manganese 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 0.2 2.4 1.2
Nickel 1 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 1.9 0.5
Zinc 3 1.5 <0.2 0.9 2.8 45 15
Table 7.--Mann-Whitney statistical comparisons of the populations of elemental
concentrations for DIW and sampler blanks by condition ratings
Comparison of sampler conditions
Very good Good Fair Very good
DIW versus sampler condition versus versus versus versus
Element Very good Good Fair Poor good fair poor fair & poor
Aluminum 0.143 0.000* 0.001* 0.000* 0.002* 0.016* 0.377 0.000*
Barium 0.755 0.253 0.064 0.000* 0.413 0.090 0.441 0.001*
Cadmium2 - 0.713 0.OO9* 0.486 0.713 0.010* 0.163 0.100
Chromium2 0.755 0.860 0.064 0.151 0.860 0.046* 0.267 0.095
Copper 0.002* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.109 0.001* 0.320 0.000*
Lead 0.014* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.047* 0.006* 0.267 0.000*
Manganese 0.178 0.003* 0.000* 0.000* 0.083 0.001* 0.069 0.000*
Nickel 0.378 0.181 0.104 0.006* 0.471 0.152 0.510 0.016*
Zinc 0.001* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.001* 0.013* 0.000*
l Highlighted (*) values are significant at p = 0.05 level
2 Because all values were less than the reporting limit, the Mann-Whitney test could
not be applied.
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTII, E D U C A T I 0 N
A N D W E L F A R E
flealth Services and M6--ntal Healtli AdnAnistration
Division of Regional Mc-dical Programs
National Advisory Council on
Regional Medical Programs
Minutes of the Meeting
July 28-":Ig, 1970
Parklaiqn Building
Confeience Rooni G/ql
OIP lb."AfjrII3 AND *-;It@ARE
National Advisory Council on f@ei-,Io@-il. Medical Programs
Minutes of the Twentieth Meeting 1/ 2/
July 28-29, 1970
The National Advisory Counci'@ on Reri.oiial ".Iedical Programs convened
for its twentieth meeting, at 8:30 a.m., @esday, July 2 , 1970 in
Conference Room Czlf-f of the Parl@laein Buildi.ri@@, Rockville, Maryland.
Dr. Harold @brgulies, Acting Director, !-',egional- Medical Programs
Ser,vice presided over- the meeting.
i7-ie Council members present were:
Dr. Bland W. Cw-mori I),,. @.und D. Pellf7ino
Dr. Fdwin L. Crosby (7/28 only) Dr. Alfred M. Popma
Dr. Michael E. Eullakey (7/'19 only) Dr. Russell B. Roth
Dr. Bruce W. Ever-ist Dr. i-lack I. Slianholtz
Dr. William f@. Iftitit Mrs. F'--orence R. Wyckoff
Dr. Alex,-tnder, M. McP]ieciran
A listing Of HMP staff members, and others attending is appended.
I. CATI, TO ORDER AND OPENING FO,@S
'I'he metinf,, was called to order at 8:30 a.m. on July 28 by
Lh,. l@ld Mareulies.
TI. X4NOUNCF,',,T@,NT@9
'1'he Council members were welcomed to tilie new Conference facilities in
the Pai,klavRi Buildirv., and the LTeiiei,a.t arrwif-,emzits for the conduct of
the meeting in these facilities wa,'3 explained. Dr. Marpulies announced
his plans for wi executive session with the Council at the close of the
first dav of the meeting.
1/ Proceedi@,s of meetings are i,@stt,!(@ted unless cleared by the Office of
the Administrator, IISNUTA. The r,ez3'Lli@ictioti relates to all material submitted
for discussion at the meetings, the supplemental material, and all other
official documents, including the aicnla.
For the recor@d, it is noted that absent themselves from the
meetiW., when the Council is ctiscussirij-, applications: (a) from their
@@pective institutions, or (b) iii which a conflict of interest night
occur. 'this procedure ioes riot,, of ap@)-i-y to en bloc acti.ons
oilly Nation application is Llfl(jei, discussion.
III. I@Zfliol)UCTION OF T L@, 4
Pbi,fnilies introduced two new c)t' the Council who were in
attetidai-ice for tl-iis iTioet I i-q,. 'They ai,e: WI. I I..!.Lun II. I funt, M.D. ,
a Coiiiiiissionei@ of the Cowity of Allf-@t-@it,iiy In Pennsylvania and medical
practitioner in McKeesport, Pennsylvwiia; wid Alexander M. McPliedran, M.D.,
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Emory University
School of Medicine . Atlanta. 'Die recent appointflient of i@. C. Robert
Ogden was also m-iounced. Mr. Ogden is President of the North Coast Life
I,,isu,.,aiice Co@@.o@r in Spokine, Wisliir,,f.-ton and Chai. of the Washington/
Alaska Regional Advisory Group. fie will begin his regular attendance
at the next meeting.
IV. RL,:GIONAL ICDICAL PROGRAMS AS A Pigr OF IfilL ]Ei!AL'Ill SERV'LCES
AND %'U@ Vernon Wilson
In his first @etinEr, with the.Council as Administrator of the Health
Services and t4ental Hedltli A@nisti@atl.on., Dr. Wilson recalled his long
interest and first-l-iand involvement in the cleveloprTent of Regional
Medical Program . fie assured the Council of his strong support of
Regional Medical Programs as a part of' the broader efforts of HS@
He expressed ',iis endorsement of the t)i@iiicil)les of decentralization of
the adudnl.stration of IISPillA activities generally, and his belief that
the concept of Regional @4edical Prof-@ams can relate well to these
principles. Altliouf-rh the mchanisiiis will be worked out slowly, he is
confident that this can take place without dilution of effort,,
either in the Regions or in the head@lti@-tei-s office.
In recok,7iition of the very formidable @)roblt@ins facing Regional Medical
Programs Service, Dr. Wilson expi@,,.ii(,d re@t that he was not able
at the present tinie to resolve the staffirifr problems. He
assi-tred the Council this has v@ry liii@i priority oi-i his working agenda
and the fact that fie is as yet utizabl(? to report does not iridiqiate
that he is not actively viorking toward a solution.
Dr. Wilson asked the Council to meet with Iiiiii again in approximately
six to eirjit weeks, in a special otio@,-iy session. At that tin-e he
Is assured he will be able to discuss his plans, as they are based on
those of Secretary ]Ucliardsc)n, for the organization and administration
of the Department's efforts to sti@erip,,tlieri and increase the nation's
capacity to deliver health services. fie indicated also that by that
tire he would have iiiore definitive I)Ian.,@ for the staf.fing and
organization of the Regional Medical Progr3nis Seiv'@Lce.
AltlioLVji his plans will include a @,,eticral outline of the I'@ssion"
of Regional Medical rt.oF@@amo as a part of the tl,'3MiA effort,, Dr.
Wilson .said that It-le would rely heavily on the advice and guidance of
the Council for developing the policies arid detailed program directions
that would to even raise Off,:I("Lerit (Effective cooperative ai@rar.-ements
le between the private sectors, wliic-ti they rept@e,,@erit-1, -ind the Federal effort.
Dr. Wilson told the-Council of the resignation of iMr. Irving Lewis
as. Deputy Administrator of and about ';Ir. Lewis' appointment
a@ Professor in-the Department of Community Medicine at Albert
Einstein College of D4edicine in New York. :4r. Lewis addressed the
Council briefly, stating again his faith in the Regional, ',4edical
-@t of'true regia.-ialization
Programs as, representing "the only conce
of health services that can be expected to work" in the United States.
@. Lewis expressed his thanks to the Council for the many pleasant
working relationships he had had with them. f@s. Florence Wyckoff
responded for the Council, expressin- their appreciation for his
assistance to them., especially in helping them to understand the
principles of Federal financing of health care and in the area of health
economics generally.
V. CONFIRMATION OF P4,,L7TIkIG 'DATES
Council was apprised of the necessity for reverting to a system of
four meetings per year in order to accommodate the changeover to
Anniversary Review. Two new Council dates were set: November 9
and 10., 1970 and February 2 and 3, 1971.
In addition, September 30 1970 was set for the special meeting
requested by Dr. Wilson. The.Cowicil accepted the invitation of
Dr. Edwin Crosby to hold this meeting at the American hospital
Association headquarters in'Chicago. 'Iliis will enable more of the
members to travel to and return home from the meeting in a single
day.
VI. CONS@' ERATIOIJ OF TI-E, MIIIU@ OF ri7lL @,ILRcli 31-APRIL 1, 1970 PIEETI14G
The Council unanimously recommended approval of the minutes of the
meeting of the Council on ',%Iarcli 31-Api@il 1, 1970.
'V-l I .A RE-POW FROM Tf-fl-" DIRECTOR - Dr. @-t,old Margulies
A. Progress of l@R 17570 and S3355
Dr. 14argulies reviewed the contents of the twc Bills very briefly
and referred the Council members to wi analysis prepared by staff which
compares the Bills to one another uad to the present legislation. This
was included in the agenda materiafs.
B. Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1971
Status of the Appropriation Bill was reviewed and the Council was
reminded of the various circumstances which impinge on the tota-'L amount
of "new" funds to be available for major expansion of Regional Dledical
@,ofTafiis in FY lg"ll. Among these ii-e the $1.9 million earmarked for
I'@iodel Cities activities; the 1% reserve of' funds to be used for evaluation
e possibility of
activities at DHL,W, HSi@, and RMPS levels; th
administrative "e I,,ing" of some funds for @4P participation in
comprehensive regional kidney disease programs; all in addition to a
total amount slightly in excess of $77 million required to meet
minimal continuation requirements of ongGing regional activities.
C. Funding Strategy
Dr. Marpi-ilies made abrief introduction of a new mana ement information
9
system being implemented by @S.
Ile also noted the effect of the 1969-70 strategy of permitting Regions
almst unlimited rebudgetitig of unexpei-ided balances for program
expansion. Dr. Nlm,gulies stated Iiii intention to begin to apply
more stringently guidelines to this kind of rebudgetinp, and to
recapture some of these balances for reallocation among the Regional
Medical Programs In response to evidence of successful regionalization
apd program development.
D. The FAST Recommendations
In a brief review of the recommendations of the Federal Assistance
Streamlining Task Force and his plan for responding to them, Dr.
Margulies emphasized the "liaison" role of the DHLIW Regional Offices
in the developmnt of IIS,"@ programs Generally, and in helping to
relate Regional Medical Programs to both publicly and privately-funded
programs in the area served; but with the retention of the principal
mana,r,ement responsibility in the Re@ional Medical Programs Service
at the national level. Ile also mentioned especially the Service's
concern, antedati@, the Task Force study, for better delineation of
the multiplicity of activities now covered by the core budget in
Regional Medical Program grants.
Dr. ?4argulies explained the intent of TIMPS in placing, a Program
Representative in each of the tei-i Dlil,@@l lief,-Iorial. Offices and described
what he sees as the service role of these individuals.
VIII. PROGRESS DIO'I'ES FROM STAFF
A. Contracts under Section 907 - fx,. Margaret Sloan
Dr. Sloui gave a brief review ani r,eport on the three contracts
made by the fuqrs under the terms of ction 907 of Title IX of the-
Public Health Service Act, which deals with the 11 ... list or lists of
facilities in the United States equipped and staffed to provide the
most advanced @tliods and techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of
heart disease, cancer, and stroke....
LT
Llie contract 7qit@ti. the t i@,,@ociat-ioll in support
of the Intersociety Commission for Heart Disease Resources, has
begun serial -publication of its report and will continue
.to do so throughout the period of the contract.
The Joint Committee for Stroke Facilities, supported
by a contract with the American Dleurolop;ical Association,
has chosen to withhold publication of-its r@port until it
is entirely completed.
. The report of the Special Advisory Committee on Cancer
Care Facilities of' the Cancer Commission of the American
College of Surgeons, which was supported under a contract
now completed, has been reviewed by the Regional Medical
Programs Service and was received by the National A@visory
Council at the April 1970 meeting. Negotiations between the
American College of ')urfr
,eons and the RMPS, preparatory to
completion and RMP approval of this report, are now underway.
(This was discussed in more detail with Council during the
Y@ecutive Session).
B. Multi-Prograrn Services Project Grants - Mrs. Martha Phillips
Authorized under Section 910 of Title IX of the Ilublic Health Service
Act, this program of project grants will be implemented for the first
time early in FY 1971. @e Council was reminded of its original role
in the development of the basic guidelines and operating policies for
these grants. They were assured that these are reflected in the final
edition of the program documents which are now'in clearance.
The Council expressed its persistent concern about the potential effect
of the funding of these grants on the total funds available for Section
904 grants (operational support to Regions). Dr. Margulies said that he
expected to be able to present to the Council at its next meeting, a '
plan for allocation of grant funds that would take into consideration an
appropriate distribution of the available dollars between these two major
grant activities.
C. Regional Medical @ograms In Model Cities - Mr. Cleveland Chw&.liss
The Council was reminded of ttlE@ administrative e@ king of $1.9 million
of l@4P PY 71 grant funds for use in projects which have direct impact
on certain designated Model Cities neighborhoods. Mr. Chainbliss outlined
the procedure for determining the degree of such impact and obtaining
the certification of Model Cities officials in this regard. Although
this procedure includes endorsement of DI@ Regional officials, Mr.
Chwnbliss assured the Council that the procedure would entail no authority
for further review and approval- of these projects beyond the local Regional
Advisory Group and the National- Advisory Council.
Also in i,os@@onse to s@)ecific q),Iestio@-i@,, i@i@ ex@)lai@.,ied that
Regional Medical PropTams which are planning arid subnLittirg projects to
6
serve urban populations need not plan them exclusively for Model Cities
areas and need not seek any endorsement or concurrence beyond their own
review and approval mechanism.
D. Senior Clinical Traineeships - Mrs. Martha Phillips
Mrs. Phillips recalled to the Council :he circumstances leading to the
Departmental decision to place responsibility for the Senior Clinical
Tt,aineeship program in Regional Medical, Programs Service. She also
reported to the Council on,the selection of the first group of.@aineeships
to be awarded'under liMPS sponsorship. 'Iliis selection process was carried
out by panels of hon-P'edepal experts in the cancer field and was chaired
by Dr. Michael @ennan, to whom the-Council delegated authority for
the selection of individual trainees to the total extent of $300,000 of
FY 1970 funds. Thirty trainees were selected from among 80 applicants,
and represent t.ie disciplines of medicine, gynecology, pathology,
pediatrics, radiology, and surgery. T"ne training will be done in @or
medical centers throughout the United States.
E. G@uidelines for Instructional TeclinoloLV - Miss Cecilia Conrath
A second edition of these Guidelines was before the Council for tlie:-r
consideration. Dr. Pellegrino, who served as Chiirman of the Subcommittee
to prepare these guidelines, expressed his belief that they are now
ready for publication arid -implementation, with certain rewriting. This
is being done by @4PS staff, incorporatir@- Dr. Pc-Ilegrino's suggestions.
revaluation Activities - Mr. Roland Peterson
In reporting to the Council, Mr. Peterson mentioned the final sunmtioh
aiid distribution of the Regional ProF
,less Summaries which resulted from
the questionnaire developed and tabulated by his staff; on the Regional
Medical Program Evaluation Conference to be held at the University of -
Chicago Conference Center in September; and on his plans for evaluation
activities in Fy 71 which will be chargeable to the evaluation earmark.
rIThis earmark was explained to the Council by both Mr. Peterson and
Dr. Margulies as a 1% administrative reserve to be used for evaluation
activities not only at the program level, but also at the level of fISMLA,
and DHFW. It is anticipated that something slightly under- $1 million
could be set aside under these circumstances and could be used by contract
or by the Section 910 grant mechanism, at the discretion of . ) w
portions of the total withheld for HS@IA ind DIL7W evaluative activities.
'n-ie entire matter of evaluation sparked considerable discussion in the
Council. It was the consensus that in order for these funds to be
effectively utilized, a much broader concept of evaluation must be developed.
'@re was a good d eal of discussion of the contract with Arthur D. Little, Inc.
and expression of considerable doubt as to the real value of any find--ngs
being reported. Several of'. the Council have @d'i.iadiv,-dual experience
ct activities and feel that the@have not
with the conduct of the contra
alw),y,s been handled in the best interests of the Program. There was
unanimous agreemnt-with the suggestion, made by Dr. Roth and Dr. Cannon,
that interim reports on the progress of such undertakings, either this
current one or any future such contracts., be required and that they be
made available to the Council for review affd-disclission. The Council
requested a more definitive report from the staff on the results of the
contract, particularly as it relates to the purposes for which the contract
was originally let. They also asked to see the final report from the
Artliur@ D. Little' 15 Inc. as soon as it is received by RMPS.
In swruToi@izing the discussion,, Dr. Pellegrino suggested that all
evaluation activities should, in the loii e to test h@e vi-abil@
s they ai,@(,
ie.v are not.
IX. KTDNI,',Y DISEASE ACTIVITIES IN REGIONAL Iq@'i)ICAL PROGRAMS
Dr. Marf,,ulles reviewed for the Cotiricil the circumstances leading to
the addition, in both the House and Senate versions of the continuation
legislation, of kidney disease as one of' the specific disease categorical
targets of Regional Medical Prc)Uams. fie asked l'or guidance of the
Council In the development of a. responsive and effective policy for
Regional Medical Programs participation in comprehensive regional kidney
disease programs throughout the Nation. Ile is aware that the final .
definition of such a policy, especially as it would apply to the @ediate
future, will not be possible until after CorZi,essional action, on both
the continuation legislation and the appropriations, is complete.
In order to provide some background foi, their deliberation, Dr. Margulies
Oxplained that he had asked the staff to prepare some basic information
and to draft some suFj-,ested policy guidelines. These were part of the
agenda materials presented to the Council-. lie then introduced
Dr. George Schreiner, Chief, Nephrolof-,y Section, Department of Medicine,
Georgetown University and Di,. Richard 13. Freeman, Department of Medicine
(Neplu-oloEW), University of Rochester ,,',cliool of Medicine, whom he had
invited to the meeting to provide expei@,t reference to the Council in
their deliberations.
Dr. Schreiner made a detailed presentation of the "state of the art"
of the @-ageinent of chronic kidney disease. fie incl,-Ided resume of the
techniques and methodologies of screeiiiii,(r. diagilLosis and therapy; and
the shortcomings as well as successes in prevention, treatment, and
rehabilitation.
Nepl lot id a ri(@i,4 area of specialization. As
iro V is, Dr. Schreiner sa
such it has the disadvantage of a severe shortage of trained specialists;
but has the advantage of having, few established traditions, and is in
the enviable petition of able to from the niistat@es made
in establishing resources for open nearly sui,@r(2i,y, high voltage radiotherapy, e'l-c.
8
organization for the delivery of servies to patients with kidney disease,
Dr. Schreiner believes, lends itself so ideally to regionalization that
the,development of such a program can and will serve as a framework for
regionalization of' services in other more traditionally established
disciplines.
Ap,ain, as in nearly all their past discussions of kidney disease, the
Council expressed concern about the apparent lack of emphasis on
prevention as part of an overall kidti(-,y disease program. Dr. Schreiner
and Dr. @(-em-qn believe that the only li(.)[)e for real prevention will
come via prenatal care and "Frenetic tieering" and although work
in these areas is progressing, it will riot have any significant impact
for fifty to sixty years. 'ITioy also believe that the more traditional
approaches to prevention generally will not be seen to be effective for
at least 20 years.
Both Dr. Schreiner and Dr. Freemn spoke to the issue of the cost of
developing regionalized kidney disease services; and the way in which
the,enormous numbers often used in this regard have been misleading and
discouraging to institutions and coranunities. Both agreed that the
$15 million mentioned in the pending I.e@,isl.ati.on could make a
significant difference in the extension of services of' existing kidney
disease centers or in the establishment of some smaller, nurrber of
entirely new ones. Dr. Marpulles reminded the Council that the
$15 million to which the Bill makes reference, is recomeiided as a maximum
assignment of Regional Medical Program grant funds to kidney disease
efforts, and in no way e ks or limits any dollars exclusively for
this purpose; nor does it provide, or even recommend the provision,
of funds over and above the grant funded, to be otherwise available for
purposes of Regional Medical ProFTains.
Dr. I-Iverist raised the question of the mechanics of incorporating
kidney disease programs into the 55 Regional Medical Pro@ams if the
principle of local autonomy and decisiori-makii-Vr is to be maintained.
It is his belief that unless and until l'o-ions with appropriate
existing facilities can be "seduced" into affording higJi regional
priority to kidney disease control, it will be necessary to use t e
Section 910 authority, so that national directives rpay be used to
develop 'sensible prof;rains in sensible places."
AcceptirT, the apparently inevitable laiT time before the results of
a planned program of prevention can be t'(@it, Dr. Pellegrino asked for
the advice of Dr. Schreiner and Di,. @@c,,eman on vihat immediate impact
Regional Medical Progpajns could reasc)i-iib.ly have, considering the -
provisions of the proposed legislation and within the amunt of funds
that are likely to be available within the next two or three years.
Responding first, Dr. Schreiner recon3ilt,t-id@--3 the stre @., herii@-r of
existi@-, facilities, particularly those which have co@tted themselves
to outreach beyonJ the confines of tli-@@ center within which
exist; and identifying those t,@iis group that lend them-
9
S?Ives to further interlinkage to provide a multiplying rather than
cimply an additive effect. Dr. Freernan recommends the support of the
f
completion and extension to full services of a small number o
centers which can be developed on the basis of existing, although
perhaps not entirely complete, resources;--the use of R,4P funds for
support of planning, particularly in regard to increased effective
utilization of expensive resources; and the training of personnel.,
principally physicians, who can serve to train others (other physicians
and paramedical personnel).
The Coundil. strongly endorsed Dr. McPliedi,an's point regarding the
@ortance of thoughtful integration of a kidney disease program nto
an existing Regional Medical Prograni; particularly in T,lanning,
sub-regionalization, continuing education, and inter-professional
comnunlcation activities.
In a subsequent discussion on the second day, the Council members
reflected on the recommendations of Di,. l,reen-an and Dr. Schreiner
as well as on the goals, objectives, mid the basic operational concepts
which guide Regional Medical Programs at the present time. Since
these proscribe against the use of futi(Js f(i,the direct provision of
patient services, and the total amount of funds likely to be available
will proscribe against making @jor contributions toward the establishment
of facilities, the Council agreed that the major focus of @.IP involvement
will be (a) the encouragement of better and more effective cooperate ve
arrangements amng carefully selected institutions and resources which
together might form @i "decentralized center" and (b) in the stre@, hening
of existing institutional resources competent and willing to develop
outreach, both in the demonstration of service and the training of
personnel. Both of the above requii@e national as well as regional
plarniitT,.
In summary, the Council endorsed the general plan presented by the
staff; they also agreed, however, that to develop a workable overall
policy it will be necessary tc) have basic data concerning the resources
in, and available to, each of the lj'3 Regional Medical Programs. This
should include (a) presently ,:-,elf-contained centers, (b) institutions
which have the capability of becoming an integral part of such a center,
at-id (c) institutions and resources which might participate in an inter-
rec,iorial arrangement for the provision of kidney disease services. An
CD
assessment of the "size and sl-iape" of' the kidney disease problem in each
of the Regions would provide the other essential piece of basic information.
IX,. Nlargulies agreed to provide these data based on the existing geographic
pattern of the 55 Regional Aeclical Program.
X. RL,VIE@4 OE,' AFPLICATIONS
A. Issues Identified
14@D 1. In the matter of- FW suPL)ol-,t of' s@loi,t-totili t the
Council considered the history provided them by stat'@.', ana a nuniuei@ of
l'O
'fic projects included in the apl,licat@,oiis under review at this
spec -L
Meeting. 'Phey be'.ieve that tinder iiiost cii@curpstances'i-t is not necessary
or appropriate for Regional @,ledical ProtTams grant funds to be used to
cover the full costs of both the presentation of short-term training
projects and of stipends and expenses of the participants.
'rhe majority of projects in this category provide opportunities for up-
p,radinp, and development of new skil.Is in special techniques or procedures
and are directed to individuals pr(@.,;eritlv employed in health care
institutions. Under the circumstances these institutions should, and
-in rnc)st cases do, make regular provision for'tlils kind of training for
their staffs.
'life Council therefore recomended the following changes in policy
guidelines Payments to participants in continuing, education
and tr@airiiii- projects (as defined j.r) the Guidelines Addendum, February
1970, page 13) which are- supported by Regional i',Iedical Prograin grant
funds.
Regional Medical Pi,oi
_Tam grant, funds ma,.v not be @sed for the
payment of stipends, either directly oi- on the Maintenance of
income principle," to participants in short-term continuing
education and training projects. 'L'Iii,,s does not include training
for new careers for new types of T)eisonnel.
. Otliei, allowable costs of parti.cip@itit's support may be
calculated accoiU-Lr4,- to the exist !.like fLlidel-'unos. Regional Medical
l@ogra.rn @wit funds nay be request.(@@.1 and awarded for per them and
travel- to the extent of 5OZ of the tcftal airiount so derived. The
awarded funds nay then be paid to t,l)c, enrolled trainees as considered
appropriate by the project personnel, depending on the participants'
ability to provide these costs for t-li(,riiselves and/or the willingness
of their employers to provide them. @lo shift
_,le individual may
receive per them or travel allowance ,it a rate higher than that
prescribed by the present Guidelit-ies.
TIP funds iiiay not be rebti(iget(@l, t'rorn within or without the
project budget, to Increase the total airiowit awarded for per diein
and travel above the 50/'O level.
2. 'ilie Council considered the present, (iiii(ielines regarding ef-rional
',It
. @ilcal Contain f'@idir@, of projects o'.' torij@-tetin post-doctoral training,
at the senior resident -tnd L)ost-t,et3l(ierit, levels, z)ai,ticularly in the
clinical sub-sDecialtie,,@ of iiiipoi@tanc(-, ir-i patient n@agement in the
diseases tai,reted by I'vef-,ionil Mc@dica-1. As has been pointed out
by both the Review CoriuiLittee and the (outicil i'@quests for support for@
training of this kind are appearing There and ni(,)i,,e frequently in Regional
Medical applications; of' lul-ic, critical
but also 'Lt@cause cf' tiae
drastic reduction in NIH funding which has previously been available for
this purpose.
f maintaining the training
'Die Council unarlimusly agrees on the -importance o out the nation.
prop,rams in these fields in the major teaching centers through
They also agree that funding throuyli l@egional '.qedical Programs would serve
these centers of' clinical
form the
.rarr.ework of cg_o@@ttye @@in@erLtp which
- E. ft is recognized, however,
of which they are a par
that the allocation of an amount of funds large enough to make a siFi-iificant
impact, if provided from the present 1. @4P appropriation, would create a
serious and inappropriate. imbalance in the -.@ efforts to meet more their
varied comprehensive troals. 'L'@ie @'ouricil, therefore, requested the
@.,IPS staff to forward to both liSt ndat on
that ai,r, e made , o pr@oi e to clinical departments
in IlWor, teaching centers to off., ducation
distinct from osts,i en ifi( -,iei-it serv:ces of
iie III-al-rit(--'riance of t@.ieii- clinica- Residency training
-iegional
that fundinp.,,, ovei@ an( current C-.
AccordinE,,ly, the Council recommends, tt@--t until such funds are added to
the annual appropriation, the Regional @4edical Program Guidelines for
operational grants under Section 90)1 ol' 'Pitle IX of the PliS Act be
changed to exclude the payment of stipends a-rid other participant costs
for long-term training at the post-doctoral level.
3. The Council is keenly aware of tli(-, potentially crippling effect on
Refr,ional Medical Propxams of contiri(-)tis investment in p@o,jects which were
initiall for deiiiotistr@atioti ot in, new techniques
an essential service to Patients.
woul e LMWise and indeecL
il.y including or excluding
e iVPS staff to work closely
o be certain that other sources
of support for maintenance of' the sei,vice involved be well in hand before
such a project is initiated; and also to encourage i3egions to carefully
investigate every possibility of capturing the fees paid for the service
Involved, for reinvestment in the project.
B.
NOHPfif@'A'O'FPI-@IN O]IIO RF,,GIONAL Nlf@",)ICAI,
In response to a special appeal for reconsideration of previous action
on Project #7 (A Comprehensive (@t-patient Stroke Rehabilitation-
f)enioristration), the Council considered the additional information submitted
and recommended that the project be approved as requested.
01- $118,233 -.)76
0) -o,i .03 $26,
flAVIAII RECTIONAL D/EDICAL PROGRAM
RM 00001 7/70.1 - Operational Supplenieit Approval
Project #21- - Approval I
Project #22 - Approval I
01 - $202,7113 02 $99,168 03 $108 3252
ILLINOIS @'GIONAL @'U-"I)ICAL PROGRAP4
@,,i ooo6l 7/70.2 - Approval with specific conditions.
Project # 9- Noti-approval II with the recoinmeridations for revision
suEZested by the lit@view Cor@ttee.
Project #10 - Approval I
Project #11 --,-Approval Iwith the conditions specified by the Review
CoiiaiLittee.
Project #12- Approval I
Project #13- Approval Iwith (,,(-)nditi,ons specified by the Review
Comm-ittee; with secoti(-l and third year funding contingent
upon proFres s in tire first year to be assessed by the
Council on the bis-i,,, of a progress report3 continuation
application, and tli(@ report of the technical site visit
to be held soa)et.iiii,-@ toward the end -of the first year.
01 - $587,412 o,? - @,661.%237 03 - $341,883
INDIANA Pd@:(31ONAT, IVF.DICAL PROGUM
RNI 000113 7/70.1 -Operational Supl)leiiriit - Non-appi@oval
Project #19 -Tloii-appi-k)val T inappropriateness for f@vIP funding based
on the Councills decision to defer@ approval of pro'ects
proposing tilie cl.-iri.!,(.@al application of C,,eiietic counselling,
pending further, sci(?titific validation of the clinical
uses of this technique.
,Project #20 -Noti-cip[)T-ova.L ].I with the recorrrwndations for revision
suiyp,ested by the Review Coniniittee.
I@KRMO@ITAIN REGIONAL, H-I'DICAI- I!FUCIWI
RM 00015 7/70.1 - C@er,ational Suppl(@rliet-it Return for Revision
Project #2'[ - 1,4oii-appi,ov,,:il il t' I,,e t,,-@ccituTiericiatioris for revision
she sted by ttio i'@('?'vi(,w Coiiuriittee.
NO DS REGIO@IAL @'4,LDICAL PROGK-vl
Thd National Advisory Council considered a request for the initiation
of interim support to the Diabetes Detection and Education Center in
!4inneapolis with the understanding that (a) these furds will be 7ade
available from the Region's unexpencied bdlance:g and (b) that this
approval does not in any sense indicate co@tment to approve the
forthcoming application for RT participation in the long-range basic
'support of this Center.
VIRGINIA REGIONAL P)EDICAL PROGM4
In reoard to Project #14 (Stroke in a Simall Rural Cormunity the Counci
concurred in the staff Is recommendation for a waiver of the restrictions
@osed as a condition of the original. approval of this project,
subject to the satisfaction of HVIPS that the purposes of the project are
being adequately achieved.
WE,-,= NEW YORK RL,GIONAL DEDICAL I@R()(.',FiAM
In regard to Project #10 (Vlestern New York 'ilumr Registry) the Council
concurred with the Review Committee's reconrnc-ndation for continuation
of the project as amended.
C. Recomwndatioi-is for Action
'Ehe Council recorded their recommendations in t)ie forffiat which was
adopted in the previous review cycle (Appendix I).
ALBANY 13FGTO14AL ,')U@'DICAI, PROGFL*L
PIA 000011 7/70.1 - Operational Suppleiiic-iital - Approval with specific
conditions.
Project #7A(R) - Approval I with the conditions specified by
tne Review CoiT3Tdttee.
Project #7B(R) - Approval I with the conditions specified by
the Review Conunittee.
Project #18 - Non-approval II - Revision Required.
01 " $36,930 02 - $36,930 03 - $0
1/ All amo@ts are direct costs only arid unless otherwise specified refer
to a 12-month period.
'I'he designation 01, O'C', etc. i@(-Iate5 to the first, second, etc. , budget
periods of the subject aplication, not necessarily the budget periods
that will actually be suppiemntect.
14
T
CAFTlt).V41,A L@IONAI, @D,"D-CAL PRXjfM
Project #56 Approval I
Project #60 Approval I in the reduced amunt
approval I
01 - $107,307 02 - $117,248 03 $121,393
CENTRAL NEW yoRK REGjotJAL MEDICAL PROGRAIL
M 00050 '@/'(0. 1 - Operational Supplettiorit- Conditional approval.
Project #15 - Approval I at a reduced level with the conditions
specified by the lieView Committee.
ol - $4o.,OOO 02 - $50,000 03 - $53,000
COLO@/14YOMIN@-T FT-,GIONAL ML,'DICAL PliOGRNil
RP4 000110 7/70.1 - Operational @uppleiiierit - Return for Revision.
Project #13,ri - Non-approval II. Return for revision with the
clarification requested by the Review Co@ttee.
FLORIDA RdiPxIOI@IPL ML,DICAL PROGRAM
RM 000211 7/70.1 - Return for revision.
Pro,iect #36 - Non-approval II with recomendations for revision
as suggested by the Review Comdttee.
GFTORGTA ff,]GIONAL @U@:DICAL PR@,QAM
R@,l 000)46 7/70.1 - Conditional approval.
Projects #31 and #32 - Approval in the reduced amount of $100,000
to be used for the initiation of,both projects
as seen fit by the C.--eorFI,a FMP.
Project #33 - @lori-approval I.
01 - $100,000 02 - $100.1000 03 - $0
GIT-ATE-R DELAVIARE, VALLL,'Y RFGIONAL @,a,,DICAL PROGRAM
Rl,l 00026 7/70.1 - Dis oval - inappropriate for funding.
Project #19 - Non-approval I
16
KAII.SAS REGIOIJAL D)EDICAL PROGRAM
RM 00002 7/70.1 - Operational Supplerrent -.Return for Revision
Project #39 - 14on-approval II with the recommendations for revision
suggested by the Review Committee.
LOUISIINA REGIODIAL jNU;',DICAL PROGRX.,L
@TI 000.-33 "(/70.1 - Approval- with spcciCic conditions.
Project # 8 - lqon-al)proval II with the recommendations for revision
suf-i,,,osted by the li(-vlew Coimdttee.
Project # 9 - Approval I in a amount and with the conditions
specified by the 13(-@view ConrLittee.
Project #10 - Approval I
Project #11 - Approval .1. I
,Project #12 - llori-appy-oval. II with the recoTffnendations for revision
sur,gested by the vieview Co@ttee.
Project #13 - Approval II
ol $147,532 O"-' - $'17,2112 03 - $79,342
i@TiYLAND REGIONAL DR@'DICAL PROGRA2,1
Pu'4 0001111 7/70.1 and 7/70.2. - C)peratioi-ial Suppleiyp-nts Approval with
specific conditions.
Projects #25 and #26 - Approva-1. I with both projects to be combined
at a reduced ainowit and with the conditions
specified by the Review Coinnittee.
-Project //27 - Approval I
Project 928 - Noii-appi-ova-L IT with the reco,,niiendations for revision
suggested by the !',Oview Conudttee.
PIoject #'C'9 - Noti-appi-ova--L I
Project #-'O - Noti-approval- I
oi - $914,975 o') - $11111 1175 03 - $145,975
NU,-t4PIiIS REGIONAL @@ICAL Pf:,'OG,,-aM
RM 00051 7/70.1 --Operationil @ilDpleii?ot-it - Disapproval. Inappropriate for
ITM funding.
Project #2'7 - i%'()ti-appi,oval T. ';Ilio iAr@is in a,-.reernent vritli the
Hc?view Co,,i@[Litt(.,e ill ri...)ti-al)pi@c)val for the
Peripheral Vascul.ai, Clinic Pi@oject. 'Itley wish, however,
17
'Fg,lli[PIIT"' FiiBIONAL ICA PROGIW,,'l (COT-"i').
to be certain that the project personnel and the
Monphis FFIP under,.,t,@..-@ that the reconmndation in
no way reflects a (11; a@@-eTwnt with the inherit
service value of the Clinic nor suF@, sts lack of
confidence in the st@iff and Institution. The action
does not preclude i@stibmission of a request for R,T
funding for the continuing education aspects of this
project at such tiii)3 as these are niore thoroughly
planned and ready to be iiTplemented.
Project #28 Non-approval I
.@7FROI@LI'FAN klASlIT14G'L'ON, D.C. RI@,CIONAL i@,D.--Il)ICAL PROGRAM
P@4 00031 7/70.1 - 1 Suppleiiierit - Approval- with specific conditions.
Project #36 - lqoii-,qpproval I
I JOCT #37 - Approval I at the ie(-Iuced level and with the
It #3(
conditions specified by the l@,evi(-,w Cormdttee.
ol - $38.%1177 o'.1 - $Iio,618 03 - $44,928
@MICHTGAN RFGTOt4AL NILDTCAL PR@)CtRA14
RM 00053 7/70.1 - nperatioonnaali LSuuDplltefil@@t@i@t' - Approval with specific conditions.
Project #16H Approval I
r iect #2-( Approval I with the conditions specified by the Review
'-'o@ttee. In concurring with all of the reconmndations
of the Review CoiTnLitteel the Council urged the Ri'TS
staff to work closely in the development of this project
with the hope that it will come closer to a demonstration
of comprehensive care., as proirdsed by its title, than
it would presently appear to be.
Project #28 - Nori-approvcil II with the recormiendations for revision
slif, ew Coifnittee.
@, sted by the fievi
ol - $550,970 02 - $ii5)1,574 03 - $1477,459
MTSSISSIPPI @,,'GIONAL iNIU!DlCAL PliOG13A@.'t
R-1 00057 7/70.1 --C@eration I Su@)ple[Tent - Approval with specific conditions.
Project #2r, - Approval in the reduced airount for 18-months with the
conditions specified by the Review Coiirdttee and with
.the understan(iiiii, ti-i@it this will represent the teriTLi-nation
ol@ R@T @)f a,-, i v:@ t y
19
N-n,,l NEXICO REGIONAL @@'EDICAL PROGRA:@I (C'OlVi')
-Project #111 - Approval I in the 1401-iLICed amount ar-ci with the
conditions specified by the Review CoimLittee.
Project #15 -Approval I with the conditions specified by the
Review Comittee.
01 - $923-100 o@, - $99,900 03 - $101,765
H Al ;r) RPJ
.,W YORK vU.,7ffiOF'OI,I'I.'AN TU,',GIONAL I'l G .I
fIM 000'),'i '(/70.1 ind 7/'(0.2 - Operational Supplernents - Approval 'Arith
specific conditions.
Project #16 -Non-approval 11 with the r,ecotmi@-,t-idations for revision
sup-,gc@sted by the li(@vi(@w Coiiinittee and with the advice
that the Region (ief'(,t, further pl-anninf-, for R",IP
participation in kidii(-y disease services in the New
York Metropolitan area until they receive the National
policy i7,uidelines wlilcli are in preparation.
Project #17 Approval I. 'flee Coui-icil based its recommendation on the
findings of the site visit team wh--ch had visited the
project on the advice of the Review Coranittee.
Project #18 -.14oii-appr-oval I-
Project #19 - Approval I
01 - $117631)17-) o-11 " $4911,@)65 03 - $3501000
NOI'A'Ill ('AROLINA IU@',GTO@IAL [VUOI@ IIRC@Gl@14
fi4 oooo6 7/70.1 - operational Sup[)lt-,rik?iit - Approval with specific conditions..
Project #31@ - Approval I
Project #26 - No Action 'Paken. Site visit required.
Oi - $89,908 o.,, - $62,550 03 - $@2,3o6
NOIT[li DAFC(PA IU,:CIONKL @.IE-DICAL PROGI@M
RNI 00060 7/70.1 - Operational-,')itl)pleiii@,tit- - Approval with specific conditions.
Project #5 - Approval I
- Approval 1'. Altliotit,ii (,outi(-Il was in E,,ericral agree@nt
with the Review Cc)iiaTilt,tee (Concerning the shortcomings of
this pik)ject, it w@i-:, ti)(,Ii, (-)piri:lon, based on first-hand
laiowle@i@',C'. of' 'Lllit, and pet@sofiriej- -@n@,o.Lved in
tlic,. project and oti thin, experience in site visiting this
18
MI,O)SISOOIPPI REGIONAL K-,DICAL PROCM@R!
Project #13 -.Approval t
Project #14 - Noti--approval II tvit li tiie rccorm)etaclat.Lon thM the Fiec-ion
be requested to r@,cc)li.3i(lei, their prori,ani in the liffjit
of the National t'ol, R.@, participation in
coirpi-ehensive kidney disease pr-oFrains. Council further
r-ecoi@iided that tiie fief-,iori be afforded direct help by
the staff of RMPI) in iiulcing their decision in this
.T@-gai,d and in a revision if such is to be proposed.
01 - $213,llc-_'O O;) $125,gli6 03 - $39,455
,@iisll;omi IZLCIot@AL @/U,"DICAL PICGPAII
f?4 00009 7/70-1. and 7/70.2 - 0-perat-,!-oi-i,@I1 SuT),pleirient - Approval with specific
conditions.
Project #60 - 14ori-approval II
Project #bl - Nori-approval II. Altliougji the Cow-icil agreed with the
f-,eview CormLLttee limit these-,, two projects, as presented,
are unacceptable Coi, Regional Medical Programs support,
they recalled the i@-coimrendati.ons of the recent indepth
site visit to Mol@IP ,ixici suW ed that with staff help
,(-st
from both RMPS a-rid i@lo,@Ill these ifoutreact-i" projects
could be developed into i@ortant components of the Program.
Project #62 - Approval I in a reduced aitioutit and with the conditions
specified by the lieview CoiiiTdttee.
Project #63 - Noii-approval II - qhe Council recommends that this
project be iritef-t,,it'e(i into the Qegion's overall continuing
education effort in the preparation of the Region's
Anniversary Revi.cw application.
3
01 $33031'.1 O:-' -@;36 984 03 $"D"-),165
@40LJtZ,PAIN STX-Pf-,@) F@,GIONAL Pli,'DICAL I,]-',OGM'vl
RM 00032 7/70.1 - Operational Supp-ietix2nt - Approval
Project #12 - Approval I
Project #13 - Approval I
ol $i84,976 O;) $191.1117 03 $197-,8011
Nl,,'W YU,'XTCO TU@IONAL, fT;-'DTCAL PF@(,]iANI
101 000@)14 '(/70.1 - 01)(-)Patioiiai Al-')PI'Oval- ,iiuli specific conditions
Project #13 - Noti-appi,oval. 'Fl
10
iNDiMi DAKOTA REGIOIJAL @,IEDICAL PROGRAI@ (CONT)
Region, that the approval of this project is
essential for further development of the North
Dakota Regional @,ledi--al Programs. In recomending
approval, Council strongly urged RMPS staff to work
with the Region and with personnel involved in this
project to correct sorne of the deficiencies and get it
off to a good start.
Project #7 Approval I for essentially the same reasons given above.
The Council believes that the implementation of this
project is essential to regional development and
sue.-,@sted ti-iit it be approved at $35,000 (dco) for one
year only with cotit@Li-itie(-t support contingent upon revision
of the pi,oje(,@t with staff assistance, and reapplication
to the Council.
Project #8 - Non-approval I
Project #9 - Approval I
01 - $115,383 O,' - 'p79,'@'(2 03 $79,549
Oill'O fld,:G-l'ol@IAL [/ga)I(AL
it@l 0006-3 7/70.1 and 7/70.2 - Operational Supplenetits - Approval with
specific conditions.
Project #01-S - Non-approval I
Froject Pli -Non-approval II witli the i,ecorrrneridations for revision
suggested by the lieview Coiiinittee.
Project #14 -Approval with the conditions specified by the @@eview
Cotriiiittee ,for one year only.
Project #15 -Approval I. Al-ttioLij,
@i the Council recognized this as
another of' the "COLItICil for@ Continuing l@ucation" projects
which have been -,-@LibiriLtteci by the Ohio State tiegion
and action upon wliicli been deferred pending the
outcome of the initially funded one. The Council
accepted the advice of the site visitors that the
project is of ci@itical J-jiiportrance to the Northwest Ohio
l@ef,-ioi-kil NIE-,@ll.cal. Pi,of,,i@ain -u-id probably has an excellent
chance of success under t,lic,, leadership proposed.
Project #16 -to be incoi-poi,at-lo@t with project #111.
E@jCct #IT' -Approval in the t,edLiced @)jiiottrit and with the conditions
specified by the lieview Co@.-ttee.
ql-ie Council (,6risl(lered the findings of the site
visit tea'TI r(@@ )ti a@ a @,iliol(@; it,@
organization, ajid iDlaris. It is their
recommendation tl)at the ii(,t:-,ion be urged to seek stronger
leadership but tlit, (owic-1-1 a@-! ed that aiiv specific re-
_,re
conrw-ndation ref);ii@ilrie; personnel would be inappropriate.
21
NO.-@YtIVIF-,ST OHIO lif@,GTONAL MEDICAL PRO(iPiX@l. (COI\FP)
'nie value of -in asst.@ssinent visit as recorrnT?ended by
the visitors was qLi(-,,@,tioried since it would probably
do no more than t@e-i,,ientify the pr)blern. Council
suggested that per,lia@)s direct and L'requent assistance
from RMP staff' and consultants would be more helpful
than further investigations of the situation.
oi $lli5,830 02 - $70,525 03 - $21,250
OffIO BE-GIONAL MF.DICAL PROGIWI
f@,l 00022 7/70.1 and 7/70.2 - Opei,ati@)t@:tl Renewal Tid Suppletneiit - Al@proval
with specific conditions.
Project #lfZ -Approval I at tli(, t,e(-Iuced level and with the conditions
specified by he(, lieview CoiTn-d.ttee
I)ioject q8fi -Approval I in the t@(,dticed amount iid with the conditions
spel-if'ied by tiit, l@ev'L(@w Coinrnittee.
Pro,j(@et #22 -Approval I I)i,(),ject was considered by the Council in
the previous Y@vic-,w cycle and action was deferred at that,
tiiic-@).
Prollect #211 -Non-approval ]-I with the recommendations for revision
suf, bhe iieview Com-Littee.
.,@sted by
01 - $714>07@) 03 - $847,944
,)IIIO VALd-J@:y FJ,)G-T.O[\IAL tU ICAT,
.@Al 000218 7/70.1@ Operational- Suppleirerit - Approval with specific condit ons.
@@oject #12 -Approval I in the reduced amount i,econytiended by the
expert technical reviewer,.
Project #13 - Approval 1. '-Pc) be ftiiided only if riot@d by other
Federal resources.
Project #14 - Approval IT
Project #Icj - Approval I
@,Oi e6t #16 - Non-approv,-tl 11 with the t@coraiiendations for revision
,@est(@(A b
as suF @y tti(, [-'review CornTiittee.
Pmj ect #17 - Noti-al)pl,ovil. Tl- with the i,ecormiendat@Lons for revision
st47,c,ste(i I)y the lieVit-'W COITtnittee. -
Project #18 - t'-Jori-appr-ovil I
01 -@$273 1)116 02 - $--,96 215 03 $327,657
23
TF-,XAS RL,GIONAL i'EDICAL PAOGRA[4
FJ4'00007 7/70.1 Operational Supplerlietit Approval with specific conditions.
Project #8R - Approval I contingent upon the satisfaction of a
technical s te visit tean-rreg,,arding four specific
points set forth by the Review Co@ttee.,
Project #1@R - Approval I with conditions specified by the Review Comdttee.
Project #15R - Approval. I
Project #118 - inoti-approval I
Project #IJ9 - Noti-approval I
ol - $li6o,6'io OP - $;,96,595 03 - $2)40,386
':'RI-&PA'I'T,, P)FTTO,'4AL @U@ )ICPF, P130GHM4
RM ;00062 7/70.1 - @)oratioi-kal Stip@)lotii(,,rit, Approval
Project #9 - Appi@oval I in a r-e(fLicett wTiow-it and with the conditions
specified by the Review CoitirLittee.
01 - $105,300 0-@) - $85,6oo 03 - $63,000
VT-:IGINIA RL,(',IO14AL TU@TCAL Pa)GM@l
fl%l 00049 7/70.1 - Operational Stipr)lcnieiit - Approval with specific conditions.
Project #10 - Approval I with the conditions specified by the
Revi.ew CoiiriLttee. I'ti discussing this project the
Council wished to stress the. importance of the condition
for approvai- of' this project alid urges great care on the
part of the start.' iii a,-Ijusti.rig the second and third
year amounts of l@,11' support by utilizing patient revenues
to offset costs of the project.
01 - $268,552 02 - $1180%li79* 03 - $533,504*
'fo be negotiated downward
WI-'.STE;Ol NT-,IQ YORK RI,7C'@IONAL @lF@)TCAI, rli'O(j'l@l
IDI 00013 7/70.1 Operational @')Ilf)[)I(@rilent - Approval witli specific conditions..
Project #15 Approval T in the r@c-,,(Iuced amount and with the conditions
specified.
Pro-iect #16 Approval I in tii(, wiic)t.trits :uid witli t@-ie conditions
sp&cified by tti(, liev@L(@,w Cornnittee. Council expressed its
willingness to callow the f@egioii to increase the funding
24
WES@ NEW YORK REGIOIIAL MEDICAL P@RP24 (COITI')
of this project to a maximum of $100,000, providing
such a level of funding would be required to maintain
this valuable regional resource.
Project #17 -Non-approval I
01. $350,000 02 - $3@10 000 03 - $350,QOO
WES"iY,@l PENNSYLVANIA REGIONAL H@'D.'rCfd, PPOGHAIL
RM 000111 7/70.1 - Operational Sup !iierit Approval
Project #9 - Approval I
ol - $43,911 02 - :I;Ilii 81@DO 03 - $li6,995
WISCO14SIti PJ-,:GIO14AL n,,DICAL PROCj!W-.l
"4 t) "2--- Opei,atioiial
P 003'( 7/70.1 and 7/70. Approval with
specific conditions.
Pro ct #13A (R) - Approval 11.
Pro rbval-I
Pro Non-approval I
Pro @Jon-approval I
Pro tlon-approval I
Pro ect 1 Nori-approval I. Cowicil based this recoimendati-on on
the findings of a collateral. review of the project
by the staff of maternal and Child Health Service, IISL@,
which was requested at the suggestion of the Review Co@ttee.
Pro.lect #20 Approval I
Project #21 Nori-appi@oval I
le Approval I
ct #2
0,
Iect 2 Approval I in tli(-, reduced amount and with the conditions
specified by the l@eview Coiiimittee.
01 $2923815 oo $16,(,807 03 $172,395
XI. ADJOUFNMU
The meeting was adjourned at 11:30 a.m. on july 29, 1970
I hereby certify that) to the best of
ing minutes
nty igiowled,@, the fDrc-190
are accurate and complete.
tki,)
Acting Direct
ReC
,ional Medical Progr@ Service
22
O@i',CION M@X',IONAL, @T-"D]'CAL PROCzl3N4
i-e,l 0001,' '@/70.1 - op(,-ritiona. Approval
Project #12R - Approval I
Project #lb-- Approval I
01 - $59,375 02 $28JI829 03 $14-*843
PL)T,'I-M@ fii:CO RJDTONAT, @IT.-:DTCAL PfiCVjMl
iim ooo65 7/70.1 @ierationaJ@ SUPP.I.eliK.'tlt - Approval with specific conditions.
Project # 9 - Approval I -Lnthe r@edticeci amount al-id with the conditions
specified by the Review Co @ ttee.
Project #11 - Approval I with the conditions specified by the
Review Com@l,ttee.
01 - $320,936 Ol-I $,)27,)136 03 $233,636
,SOMI CA'@3OLIi'iA Pd-IiIOlqi@ t@ @' ICAL
RDl 00035 7/70.1 C)perational Suppl-eiiic--iit, - 14on-approval..
Project #35 lion-approval T.[ wine t,lie recomei-idations for revision
i
stif7,,ested by the %'eview Coitirlittee.
Project #36 14o action taken. ,')ite visit is indicated.
Project #37 Nlori-approva.1 I
S'@J.SQtJl-"ILA.@-,Iti-A VALLI,:Y TUrilONAL P/D-.])TCAI,
]DI 000c@9 '@,/'@0.1 Operational ",tippleinetit - Approval with specific conditions.
Project #'@10 @lon-appr-oval I
Project #21 Approval I in the reduced @urit to reflect the newly
adopted policy on training project participants.
Pi@,i ect tlon-approva'L T
Prt-)j ect #2@3 i4oi-i-approval T
Project #211 llon-appioval IT with the i@cormienditions for revision
suf-Zested by the Review CoiTuiiittee.
Project #25 Non-approval II. 'me Council was in general agreement
with the Review Coiiiiiittee regarding the specifics o
project but believe ttiat further development of this
project along with #,'211 Is in the b(..st Interest of the
the ReFioia md has i@e(Itiesteci that the iDT.S staff offer
'c(-) tl)e in this
Project #26 - Approval I
oi - $gc--"1311 02 03 - $83,29LI
26
CC)!Il"n.@,
tc) t'lic-@
-@Ly ai-ij capably
l@e,,tslble utidei,
Uri@t,-,)pi-ov,-tble on tecl-ii-i--'tcal. p,-L I iicl
T Acid-i@tll()ijl-il- fLl)l(]:-;
Ap-
IT l@-o
- foi,
-
I-lo @tct-,.,Lon tall,cii -
Noocl sitc,
Ncc,cl Couiac@.@i.'L
Ar)prc),,7, tl
fOt-' F-,CV!@-,-!Otl
foi, f Lil ](If I II';
.1 ot-i,,il A(lv-i,@oi,
t,c)
(A.,-, by tlic@ Lt,t,@@o ol,
lo I, L)!
27
NA'I'TO,'I.@r, fil)@rT';O@@iY COIY,@( Ol'i
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all-txt-docs | 182963 | NASA Administrator
Daniel S. Goldin
"Tools of the Future"
(Remarks as prepared for delivery)
January 13, 1998
Everyone knows that at NASA, we're about opening the air and space frontiers.
What they sometimes forget is that we're also about designing and building the
tools that are required to do that.
But that's what we do at NASA . . . time after time. And I'm especially proud
-- and you should be, too -- of the progress we've made in this era of
decreasing budgets and downsizing.
We need no more proof than the year that has just passed.
But we also know that we can't stop now. We still want to cut system costs by
about an order of magnitude. Cut cycle time of development by a factor of 3
to 5. Improve reliability by up to a factor of 10,000. And at the same time
getting back a higher quality of science and engineering products.
Cost. Cycle time. Safety. Quality products. These, of course, are not only
challenges for NASA. They are challenges that people all over the country
face.
So today, I want to show you not necessarily where we are . . . but where we
are going. And not just at NASA. But in the entire field of engineering.
I have divided my presentation into four pieces.
First, I will speak about NASA's vision.
After that, I will go into future characteristics of the systems that will
make that vision possible.
Then, I will speak about the current engineering design culture.
And finally, I will discuss the revolution. What we call "ISE." Intelligent
Synthesis Environments. The future of engineering.
So let's get started.
At NASA, as all of you know, we are divided into four strategic activities.
(for those of you who don't know that, don't worry . . . I know who you are.)
We work in Space Science, which is understanding our universe and our solar
system. Earth Science is to understand our own planet. Aeronautics and Space
Transportation. And finally, Human Exploration.
I'll begin in aeronautics and space transportation. . . first with global
civil aviation.
Aeronautics is the number one manufactured export for America. It is
absolutely essential to the future vitality of the American economy.
That's why we want to answer the following question:
How can we enable revolutionary technological advances to provide air and
space travel for anyone, anytime, anywhere in the world more safely, more
affordably, and with less impact on the environment and improve business
opportunities and global security?
Safety.
Together, we must come up with the technologies for advanced crew interface.
We must give pilots situational awareness of their surroundings. That means
real-time weather . . . terrain. . . and on board air traffic control.
The work has already begun . . . in the next 10 years our goal is to cut the
fatal crash rates for planes by a factor of 5 . . . and in 20 years a factor
of 10.
And while we're improving safety, we also want to improve the air space
capacity.
There's a crisis coming because of the demand for aircraft and the current
limitations of the infrastructure.
So we're going to triple the through-put . . . day/night .. . all weather . .
. still maintaining safety and reliability.
Affordability.
The costs of air travel keeps going up . . . from acquisition to operations.
And the revenues keep going down. For example, in the last 20 years the cost
of aircraft have gone up 50 percent.
In 10 years, we intend to cut the cost of air travel by 25 percent, and in the
next 20 years cut it by 50 percent.
Those are the goals.
Environment.
We're going to cut the noise of airplanes by a factor of 2 in 10 years, a
factor of 4 in 20 years.
Planes will be so quiet in 20 years, busses and trucks will make more noise
than the planes landing at airports.
And we're going to cut the emissions in the planes a factor of 3 in 10 years,
a factor of 5 in 20 years.
(Keep in mind, these are technology goals . . . we must first validate at full
scale our advancements in environment . .. . while maintaining safety levels
and economy of operations before considering any regulatory action.)
Technology.
We are looking at a major revitalization of the general aviation industry ...
including new concepts for advanced personal aircraft.
On the right, you can see what we hope will be a relatively low-cost personal
business jet.
In the late 70s, we produced almost 20,000 general aviation planes a year.
Right now we produce only 1000 general aviation planes a year.
That's not good enough. In fact, it's terrible.
We want to take the technology leaps that will allow us to produce 10,000
aircraft a year in ten years . . . and 20,000 a year in 20 years.
We want to produce general aviation jet planes as safe as long-haul jet
aircraft. And instead of millions dollars . . . they will cost closer to
hundreds of thousands of dollars.
We want to be able to travel at supersonic speeds. Mach 2.5. Within 20
years, we'll reduce travel time by 50 percent . .. without seriously
impacting our environment. And our goal is that we will keep the costs close
to today's subsonic transport levels.
And finally, we want and need to develop the design tools that will allow us
to cut the cycle time of long-haul jet transports by a factor of 2.
Access to Space.
America has not produced a new launch vehicle or rocket in 25 years . .. yet
we've spent tens of billions of dollars on the Shuttle. Don't get me wrong, I
think the Shuttle is a wonderful machine. But the commercial space
communication industry is white hot and can't afford the current launch costs.
The cost and reliability of access to space is the number one barrier to
opening the space frontier . . . for commercial, civil and military
activities.
That's why it is our first priority for new development activity.
Specifically, our ten year goal is to develop the technology for launch
vehicles such that American suppliers will be able to build launch vehicles
that will cut the cost of taking payloads to orbit by a factor of 10.
By 2020, we'll cut cost by a factor of 100. And we'll improve reliability by
a factor of 10,000.
Earth Science.
We want to use a fleet of spacecraft and various instruments to help us answer
the question: How can we use the knowledge of the Sun, Earth and other
planetary bodies to develop predictive environmental, climate, natural
disaster, and natural resource models to help ensure sustainable development
and improve the quality of life on Earth?
Here are a few examples of the kind of things we're measuring. For instance,
it was a NASA satellite that confirmed the existence of the Antarctic ozone
hole in 1985 and has monitored its size since then. Future missions will give
us even more insight into the dynamic processes that impact our planet.
Here's another example -- one of the biggest stories of the year.
NASA has developed a series of satellites -- the first measured ocean
temperatures. NOAA -- the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration --
has been monitoring those for some time.
Then working in partnership with the French, because this is a global
challenge, we have developed a satellite called Topex Poseidon. It is
providing the most precise measurements ever of ocean surface height . . .
within a few inches . . . an amazing breakthrough.
Finally, last year, on a Japanese satellite, we launched what we call a
Scatterometer. It is a microwave device that measures the wind velocity and
the wind direction on the surface of the ocean for the first time.
Correlating the measurements from these three spacecraft .. . we were able to
predict -- for the very first time -- an El Nino condition . . . a seasonal
weather prediction.
A final example is being able to track hurricanes from space. Some have
estimated that since 1925, Hurricanes have caused an average of $5 billion in
damage annually in the United States.
But if we can predict . . . we can prepare. Maybe even prevent.
For each hour of advanced warning . . . millions are saved. So we've set
these goals: within 10-15 years, we want to be able to predict the weather,
climate and natural disasters with a much higher accuracy, and we want to be
able to make forecasts on a seasonal to inter-annual basis.
And hopefully within 25 years, we'll be able to make multi- decade predictions
of climate and environment, so we can better manage our resources for
sustainable development . .. globally, regionally, and locally.
In Space Science.
We are going to continue to send "Faster, Better and Cheaper" spacecraft to
hopefully establish a virtual presence throughout our solar system.
And hopefully, within about 10-15 years, we'd like to robotically visit every
key planetary body in our solar system and bring back samples from the
scientifically significant ones.
At the same time, we will be studying the Sun-Earth connection . . . how solar
activity effects our climate and our electromagnetic environment.
We want to learn more about the structure of the universe. We hope to shed
some light on its mysteries that have eluded us . . . like the presence of
black holes at the center of galaxies. We want to know if the universe will
expand forever . . . or will it, one day, collapse.
Within about ten years we hope to replace the Hubble Telescope and other
observatories with revolutionary telescopes that have significantly better
spatial and spectral resolution than their predecessors . . . at a fraction of
the weight and at a fraction of the cost.
Some will be so advanced that in the next 10 to 15 years we intend to directly
detect Earth-sized planets around stars within 100 light years of Earth.
Now if these planets exist, these telescopes should be able to pick up the
signs of whether or not they are conducive to life.
And within 25 years, we've set what today looks like an impossible goal . ..
that if these planets exist, and we're able to isolate them . . . we'd like to
be able to take a picture with the resolution high enough to see oceans,
mountain ranges, cloud cover, and continents.
All of these important missions will help us answer the age old questions:
What are the origins of our universe? How did galaxies, stars and planets
evolve?
Are there Earth-like planets beyond our solar system? Does life in any form,
however simple or complex, carbon-based or other, exist elsewhere than on
planet Earth?
Are we alone?
A quick note before I move onto the final enterprise. At Ames, we have
established an Astrobiology Institute . .. because we must integrate
biological science into our search for life processes throughout the universe.
Right now, the scientific community is not doing enough in this area. But I'm
confident that NASA will lead the way.
Finally, the area of Human Exploration.
This year, we will launch the first piece of the International Space Station
. . . the largest peacetime scientific and technological project in history
. . . and the foundation for what will be a multinational, permanent human
presence in space.
It's really something else . . . the ISS will have a pressurized volume of
laboratory space equivalent to two jumbo jet airlines. It will have a hundred
kilowatts of electricity. In overall size, we'll have something larger than a
football field in orbit.
But what is most important is not hardware. It is that the ISS will present
scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs the chance to perform complex,
long-term and repeatable experiments in space.
And because of the absence of gravity's effects -- or micro- gravity -- these
experiments will hopefully lead to improvements in industrial processes. . .
increasing fundamental knowledge in areas like, physics . . . and
advancements health care in ways we cannot even begin to imagine.
One final example of how we're going to use the International Space Station.
The International Space Station will be the testbed, indeed the platform, for
the next step in exploration.
We want to integrate the knowledge we gain from our robotic missions with the
lessons we have learned on the ISS . .. and leave Earth orbit.
This will lead to an affordable integration of our science and human
exploration strategy.
Because we want to go to Mars. And when we're ready . .. when our government
is ready . . . when we know we have the engineering capability and we can do
it safely . . . when we know there's science to be gained and when we can do
it for an acceptable cost . . . we are going to one day crunch our boot on the
dusty surface of the Red Planet.
(And in case you were wondering . . . and if you look at the image in the
bottom right hand corner . . . I'm the one jumping up and down.)
That's the NASA vision.
Now -- clearly -- we need to think about the future characteristics of the
systems that will make our vision a reality.
We need more intelligent systems. More flexible modular vehicles.
Breakthroughs in miniaturization. Better, lighter materials. . . that can
withstand the most extreme environments. And advanced operating capability.
We want to send a probe that will go to the edge of our solar system . . .
interstellar space a tenth of a light-year away. . . and ultimately to a
near-by star.
This will need revolutionary propulsion systems.
But it will also need to be a thinking, intelligent spacecraft. It will be
too far away for operational commands to come from Mission Control. At the
speed of light, it will take months to relay the simplest communications.
This means a radical change for communications and operations.
Space systems of the future need to learn and adapt as they go. There will be
real-time damage assessment because the decisions are being made by the
spacecraft themselves. They will be self-diagnostic . . . and self-repairing.
This same kind of technology will find its way into vehicles operating closer
to Earth and within the Earth's atmosphere. In many ways they will be like
the human body. They'll have sensors and actuators. They will react to
stimuli. And they will have a distributed nervous system with intelligence
that enables them to react and adjust according to changing environments.
These environments are filled with uncertainty . . . so our traditional
numerical approaches will not work. Instead, they will require implementing
what is commonly referred to as soft computing.
This takes us from traditional engineering, numerical calculations . . . .
through processes that more closely resemble human intelligence.
Now to measure performance, we need to establish a concept of vehicle IQ as
part of our engineering design process.
Going to the furthest reaches of the solar system and beyond will also require
smaller and cheaper spacecraft and systems. We've already made significant
strides. Viking for instance, cost over $3 billion in today's dollars . . .
and took about a decade to develop. It was about the size of a car.
By contrast, the Mars Pathfinder took a quarter of the time to develop. It
cost less than one-tenth as much, and it was a fraction of the size.
The Pathfinder was just the first of what will be a continuous robotic
presence on Mars for at least the next decade. The costs and the size of the
spacecraft systems keeps coming down . . . but capability keeps going up.
We plan to get the size of one of these spacecraft down to about the size of
an average television. Ultimately, we are talking about spacecraft --
nano-spacecraft -- that weigh less than one kilogram. They will fit in the
palm of your hand. The entire avionics will be on one chip.
We will also need to drive materials and design tools . .. because these
missions will be operating in some of the harshest environments. We will be
entering atmospheres at heating rates 10 times higher than Apollo encountered
on Earth reentry.
Right now, for instance, the limiting operating temperature inside critical
components of aircraft engines -- or rockets or high-alloy car engines -- is
about 1700 degrees.
In the future, with advanced materials like ceramic composites, we'll bring
that temperature up to about 3000 degrees.
That will mean significant improvements not only in fuel consumption . . . but
in emissions . . . and reliability. And at the same time, we will bring down
the weight and cost. A moment ago, I mentioned Apollo. Back then, apart from
the few astronauts in the spacecraft, all of the brain power was on the
ground. But if we're sending humans to Mars -- or anyplace millions of miles
away -- communications are going to take too long.
So at NASA, we want to develop fully autonomous outposts. If you think about
the Shuttle Mission Control . . . for every person you see, there are many
others backing them up. Launching the Shuttle takes thousands of people ...
and hundreds of millions of dollars.
I'll use the Pathfinder again for contrast. From beginning to end .. .that
mission took about 50 people. Total. Future missions will require only a
dozen or so.
As we move into the future . . . the days of 100 to 1000 people in the back
room will be something of the past.
That's what I mean when I talk about a "faster, better, cheaper" NASA.
Just think of the impact advanced information technologies and other
breakthroughs will have on power plant operations. . . on package delivery
businesses . . . and on the automotive industry.
These are the tools we need.
Now the question is, how do we get from here to there? Not just from Earth to
Pluto. But from where engineering design culture is today . . . to where it
needs to be -- and must be -- for the missions of tomorrow.
For a long time, engineering was a pencil to paper culture. Everything was
based on classical engineering theory transferred into handbooks. And for
those of you too young to remember . . . in the lower left-hand corner, you
will see an antiquated device we called the slide rule. That's what I trained
with.
In the 60s, we went to the electronic drafting boards that provided wireframe
computer modeling. We used major mainframe computers and the analytical model
interaction was through data cards and punch cards.
From there we went to distributed terminals . . . using light pens and touch
screens.
In the mid 70s, we were using solid models to represent geometry and
three-dimensional surface contours.
The major problem was the incompatibility of individual discipline analytical
models with the geometric structural representation.
Too much time and resources were wasted on developing translational capability
between diverse disciplines . . . like aerodynamics . . . thermal . . .
structures and controls.
The traditional design process was sequential with separate discipline groups.
We used individual analytical tools and system design was optimized at the
discipline level not the system level.
Data and design information had to be moved from one group to another . . . a
task accomplished by people carrying large piles of paper.
I'm sure there are a few of you who remember the many large mylar drawings
used for manufacturing. (this was our transfer device . . . That's why God
gave us engineering change orders)
About 20 years ago, we merged the design process with manufacturing -- the
emergence of CAD/CAM.
This significantly reduced design cycle, process time and engineering change
orders.
This trend has led to concurrent engineering -- the use of digital data sets
for linking diverse disciplines.
The best example for concurrent engineering is the Boeing 777 aircraft
development. At the peak of design work, 238 design teams involving 6,000
engineers . . . using data from 4,000 world-wide computer terminals . . .
manipulated 3 trillion bytes of information . . . that represented 20,000
design releases.
It can be a bit overwhelming.
Today, we have very efficient and qualified product teams. But we still have
a disconnect from discipline to discipline. We still don't have a common
database . . . but rather many distributed, unconnected databases across
engineering disciplines and manufacturing.
NASA is working hard to break this log-jam.
We have what we call our Product Design Center at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory. By bringing disciplines together, it has provided us with the
ability to reduce analysis of mission design concepts from half a year to two
weeks.
Now, this only includes preliminary design. We have yet to hit detailed
design, manufacturing and operations. That's next. And industry is already
working on some of these specific, near-term, focused areas.
Boeing is looking at simulating manufacturing of both fighters and transport
aircraft.
One of their programs, called DMAPS, is focusing on engineering realism in
modeling and incorporating it into producable aircraft.
Boeing is also looking at simulating the manufacturing process for large scale
transports.
And Lockheed Martin is looking at how they can use this technology to create a
virtual product manufacturing environment for the F-22. (pause)
Despite all of this effort, we still can't do total end-to- end product life
cycle simulation.
That is a broad goal for NASA.
First, because of the sequential nature and limitations of our tools, there is
still far too much uncertainty throughout the life cycle of a product.
Second, there's a lot of people involved. And we have just begun to address
the geographically distributed nature of what we do.
Third, a point that really binds the first two, is that we need to capture
design knowledge earlier in the design process.
And fourth -- the biggest challenge yet -- learning to deal with the
unprecedented quantity of data and converting it into usable knowledge . . .
finding the information needle in the electronic haystack. Having the
database information we need. . . when we need it.
Given these four issues, the problem NASA and industry faces in developing a
product is we have to commit a large percentage of the cost . . . when we only
have a small percentage of knowledge.
And the more we commit and incur costs in any design process, our flexibility
to make necessary changes diminishes. We can make the changes . . . but only
at the risk of overrunning cost and schedule. The result, sadly, is that we
don't get an optimized design.
We're making progress . . . we're not where used to be. But we're not where
we ought to be either.
We must eliminate the discrete steps of conceptual design, preliminary design,
final design . . . as well as manufacturing training, maintenance and
operations.
It is crucial that we have integration of all processes and similarity of
tools . . . so we capture a high level of design knowledge before incurring
any significant costs.
This will lead to a significant reduction in cycle time in new product
development . . . avoid overruns . . . and give us an optimized design without
having multiple reiterations. Design iterations will occurr in the virtual
world . . . not the expensive hardware world.
So I'd like to share with you what I think we need to do close the gap between
design knowledge and cost commitments. We call it the Intelligent Synthesis
Environment.
It's not just updating tools. It's fundamentally changing the culture of
engineering.
Right now, we have research activities going on in advanced computing and
human interaction with the computing environment . . . virtual presence and
product development. . .and knowledge-based engineering and computational
intelligence.
The challenge -- if NASA's going to reach our goals . . . and if our country
is to lead the world in new products and applications -- is to integrate these
activities into a vision for future science and engineering.
Because if we do that, we will establish a revolutionary leap in engineering
. . . the ability to conduct entire life-cycle simulation at any required
fidelity scale.
That's what ISE is about.
These are the major components.
The first two deal with human computer interaction in a distributed,
collaborative environment.
The other two have to do with the new simulation tools . .. and how we
incorporate these tools into a seamless life cycle system capability.
And finally the key element -- the cultural change I think we need to inject
into the creative process.
I'll discuss each of these elements.
First, human interaction. Simply put, this deals with the dynamics and
interfaces between the human being and the computer.
What you are looking at right now are some examples of how virtual reality can
be used today. As a field, virtual telepresence is advancing -- both in two
and three-dimensional representations.
The Vision Dome, for example, is one of the most advanced concepts to date.
It allows you to view things in full-scale 3-D without devices, like glasses,
head trackers and wands. Unfortunately, most of the applications have been in
the entertainment area . . . not engineering.
We need to be able to simulate and visualize our engineering processes in
real-time with full, interactive control.
The way we interface with computing today is for WIMPS -- Windows. Icons.
Menus. Pointing Systems.
But this is not the way we deal with our environment.
In the real world, we make decisions based on all of our senses. We interact
and process various sources of information.
You can't drive cars this way. You can't fly an airplanes this way.
At NASA, we know that WIMPS won't get us to Mars.
Presently, virtual reality deals with sight/sound only. In the future it will
encompass all of the senses -- including smell and touch.
That's why currently, we need to exploit the research being done to understand
the brain's cognitive processes.
Hopefully, soon we will be able to use this knowledge to bring together the
computer user and the computer environment to maximize performance.
Imagine operating a computer the same way we deal with our daily environment
-- using all of our senses to shape our thoughts and actions.
This isn't the computer controlling humans . . . it's the exact opposite.
It's maximizing performance of computational capability.
In fact, the Air Force is already looking at how this kind of advancement can
help their pilots.
Another step we must take in the area of human interaction with computers is
moving from data . . . to information . .. to knowledge . . . to
intelligence.
This isn't just semantics. Think of pilots.
They will have a lot of stuff in front of them. Temperature. Pressure.
Wind speed.
That's data.
Our pilot puts this data together and determines what is going on . . . maybe
an engine is overheating because of a defective fuel valve.
That's information.
Further processing provides. . . why this is happening.
That's the knowledge.
And finally, when we know what to do before a failure occurs . . and how to
prevent it from happening in the future.
Now that's intelligence!
Next -- building the infrastructure for distributed
collaboration so we can take full advantage of diverse teams around the world.
We have been working with the Department of Energy on their Accelerated
Strategic Computing Initiative. It's looking at how we can develop teraflop
capability in performance.
That's a good start. But we need to get to a hundred to a thousand-fold
increase -- petaflop capability . . . perhaps even beyond -- for the ISE
vision.
We need to move into non-silicon, or non-electric, computers. Maybe they
will include both optical and biological computing.
We also need to increase our networking capability.
The amount of information flowing through the pipeline needs to increase from
under a gigabit . . . where it is today .. . to one hundred to one thousand
gigabits per second . .. or even higher.
There will be actual intelligence in the switchers and routers . . . or
intelligent interfaces . . . something that doesn't exist in today's Internet.
And this increased networking ability will enable us to link computers, mass
storage facilities, and people seamlessly. The Department of Defense has a
program that is a starting point for how we link diverse teams together in a
simulation- based conceptual design environment.
But we can take it a step further . . . into a high fidelity . . . high
information content . . . distributed . . . virtual environment.
We can have a team in the northeast . . .
a team in the south . . .
and a team in the west . . .
all working together on the same project in a virtual design space.
Instead of taking the "Red Eye" teams can come and go electronically.
More important . . . this provides us with something that has been missing for
too long.
Scientists and engineers can work together as part of a collaborative team in
the engineering design process.
And they can do so while staying in their own offices and laboratories.
Because the work space is virtual, we are not limited to a laboratory here on
Earth.
These teams can work together, using the full range of human senses (sight,
sound, feel, etc.) on Mars . . . or any other planetary body. And, again,
because it is virtual, they can view, participate and communicate from their
own creative perspective.
These future directions will free us from the keyboard and terminal.
The third part of ISE is the rapid synthesis and simulation tools.
In today's engineering culture, due to limitations in our models, we
over-simplify the real world . . . and we rely on separate complimentary test
programs to establish worst case operating and failure conditions.
In order to account for the uncertainty and to quantify the risk level, we
need to move from the traditional deterministic methods to non-deterministic
methods . . . like probabilistic approaches . . . neural networks . . .
genetic algorithms and symbolic computing.
We have already achieved a very high level of sophistication in numerical
simulations across many disciplines.
But what we need now is an even more rapid analysis and optimization capacity
so we can close the design knowledge - cost commitment gap, I spoke about
earlier.
Let's look at an example of both non-traditional methods and applications.
First a non-traditional method: neural networks -- which have the capacity to
learn or adapt analogous to the human brain. This graph shows the capability
of current neural networks. Today's technology limits us to about one billion
nodal connections . . . and one billion nodal interactions per second.
But the human brain is more than one million times more powerful than that.
In other words, we have a lot of work in front of us. But we also have the
potential for a very high pay-off.
Neural networks and other non-traditional methods will help us analyze and
design systems, like smart materials and devices. Systems like these would
overwhelm any traditional design synthesis approach.
It could involve material modeling that will allow us to design devices that
integrate various physical properties .. . such as mechanical . . .
electrical . . . magnetic . .. and thermal.
These devices can sense and respond to stimuli. For instance they will be
able to adjust the shape of aircraft wings, suppress engine vibrations and
control sensitive optics.
This will begin with the quantum mechanics of the individual atom. We will
then synthesize molecules and begin to understand their interaction.
From there we will develop a better understanding of basic physical phenomena.
And ultimately, we will model entire large-scale processes leading to
engineering design applications. And this will be done atom by atom.
By the way, this is why we need to get to petaflop capability like I mentioned
earlier.
Finally, we need the tools to link the complete life cycle simulation
capability. The simulation of a life cycle in this virtual collaborative
environment . . . goes from mission requirements . . . to multi-disciplinary
analysis and design . . . to simulation of manufacturing and virtual
prototyping . . . to operations and repair . . . all the way through product
disposal.
The virtual design process will also give us, with unprecedented detail, cost
impacts and risk level assessment. And as I said before, we can bring
together groups who have been previously divided.
For example, to build the Next Generation Space Telescope, we need scientists
working on the optical performance for scientific measurements. . . . and the
engineers working on implementation . .. on how we can achieve our goals with
a cost-effective system.
We will have a real-time model. We will be able to walk through the design at
any scale . . . from the chip level to the overall system. We will be able to
see it in orbit . .. before we buy material and cut hardware.
To ensure that we have analytical models to verify real world behavior and
failure mechanisms . . . we need to integrate analytical models development in
real time with experimental testing.
Here, you can see (reference to screen) the testing of aircraft fuselage
coupled with its analytical model . . . and how we capture new knowledge about
behavior and failure
mechanisms.
This approach will dramatically shorten the cycle time of product development
by enabling a seamless flow from initial concept through final design and
manufacturing. We hope to eliminate the sequential design process of today.
To date, industry has concentrated on simulation of manufacturing, planning
and processes only.
We have simulators of the individual machine. And we have real time
assessment of inventory flow control.
But we need to be able to simulate an entire factory before we build it.
From there, we can begin to simulate the operations. . . including repairs and
how we maintain a system. On the screen, you can see of how they're beginning
to do this at Marshall on the X-34.
This advanced simulation also provides us with a unique opportunity to look at
training at the virtual prototype level . . . before any hardware is in place.
This is being used at Johnson for space station training.
That brings us to the fourth component of ISE -- how do we achieve this future
engineering capability?
To this point, there are a lot of unknowns. In these virtual environments, we
don't know what fidelity we need. We don't know what scale is required. We
just don't know yet how these collaborative, virtual teams are going to work.
These are fundamental issues. So, to address these fundamental issues and
demonstrate this future collaborative design environment, we are looking to
establish national . . . virtual . . . distributed testbeds. These testbeds
are like nothing you've ever seen before.
They are geographically distributed computing environments that integrate
hardware-in-the-loop . . . real time information operating systems . . . and
all associated engineering design tools.
At NASA, we want to focus these testbeds in critical areas such as a high
speed civil transport . . . reusable launch vehicles . . . Next Generation
Space Telescopes . . . and human exploration to Mars.
And clearly, we want broad industry and academic involvement. Because this
is not just about the aerospace industry.
I've dealt with the technical barriers.
Now the cultural barrier.
We need to realize that this is not just about technology. It's about people
. . . and how people work and communicate on a global scale.
It's about a factory and design team in the United States . . . working with
colleagues in Asia . . . working with colleagues in Europe . . . following the
sun and cutting cycle time by a factor of three.
It's about a diverse global workforce enriching our lives. It's about
government and universities realizing what is in front of us. And it's also
about industry seizing the opportunity.
Because I firmly believe the crux of this cultural change will be management's
acceptance and support of this new engineering approach for new product
development and certification.
- Universities giving students hands-on experience and education
- University professors stressing more than the theoretical.
- Industry hiring students. Industry hiring professors in the summer
- Industry employees going back to school.
Right now, there are a lot of challenges in front of us . .. the need for
shorter time to market . . . the need for lower life cycle cost . . . and the
need for shorter development times just to name a few.
But these are outweighed by the promise and opportunities that form the
framework for the new Intelligent Synthesis Environment.
20-25 years from now -- when our children and grandchildren are the engineers
and scientists that run this country -- some of them might be working in the
operations center to plunge a submarine underneath the icy ocean that we think
covers Europa -- one of Jupiter's moons. Others may be preparing for a visit
to Mars. They will have the training. Because when they're in college, they
will have learned to use the tools we talked about today.
That's what we're about at NASA. Now let's get to work.
###
| en |
converted_docs | 494507 | -----------------------------------------------------------------------
**U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service**
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
BioBlitz Press Kit
*Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge*
13751 Upper Embankment Road, Nampa, ID 83686
208/467 9278 Fax: 208 467-1019 http://deerflat.fws.gov
May 2006
**Background Information about Biodiversity**
Dorothy, the scarecrow, and the tin man watched for "lions and tigers
and bears" as they followed the yellow brick road toward Oz. Like
Dorothy, many of us think mostly about the large, furry, and feathered
when we think about the natural world. However, of the 1.4 million
described species, only about 4,000 are mammals and 9,500 are birds.
What about the dandelions, tiger salamanders, and woolly bears?
The variety of life in all its forms is referred to as biological
diversity, or biodiversity. Unfortunately, biodiversity is declining.
Just in North America, over 600 species have gone extinct since 1642,
from the Passenger Pigeon and the Las Vegas leopard frog to the
Steller's sea lion and the Florida fairy shrimp. The populations of many
other species have declined, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Should you care about declining biodiversity? You decide after reading
some of the many "services" provided by living things.
- Biodiversity saves lives. Aspirin, cortisone, digitalis, penicillin,
and many other prescription and non-prescription drugs are derived
from living things. Could there be other life-saving drugs we
haven't yet discovered?
- Biodiversity produces food. Many native plants and agricultural
crops would not produce fruits without pollinators like bees,
butterflies, beetles, bats, and birds. Although honeybees do
pollinate some crops, domestic hives are vulnerable to parasites and
diseases. Having a variety of natural pollinators makes us less
reliant on honeybee populations that might crash.
- Biodiversity cleans up. Although we don't often stop to appreciate
worms, bacteria, and other decomposers, without them waste products
and dead animals and plants would soon be everywhere. Also, wetland
plants trap pollutants and help clean water.
- Biodiversity provides resilience. Just as a diverse investment
portfolio helps protect a portfolio in the financial markets,
biologically diverse systems are better able to react to
disturbances ranging from disease to global warming.
- Biodiversity controls pests. For example, spiders provide an
important service by keeping insect populations in balance. A
decline in spider diversity would probably result in many more
insect-borne diseases like West Nile virus and malaria.
From the air we breathe to the water we drink to the food we eat,
biodiversity benefits people. Biodiversity also inspires awe and wonder,
and the benefit of that is priceless. As she headed toward Oz, maybe
Dorothy should also have been on the lookout for ant lions, tiger
lilies, and water bears!
{width="0.4688976377952756in"
height="0.5625984251968504in"}{width="0.5937007874015748in"
height="0.5937007874015748in"}\--FWS\--
| en |
all-txt-docs | 259667 | FOR RELEASE: April 14, 1995 CONTACT: Lee Scurry
(202) 208-3983
INTERIOR SIGNS AGREEMENT WITH NAVAJO ALLOTTEES,
SETTLING LONG STANDING LAWSUIT (#50027)
The U.S. Department of the Interior's Minerals Management
Service (MMS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA) have reached an agreement with Navajo
allottees to settle a 1984 class action suit, Interior officials
announced today.
"This agreement is a landmark in Indian minerals
management," said Deputy Assistant Secretary for Land and
Minerals Management Sylvia Baca, "and as such, major components
of the agreement will be implemented for all Indian mineral
leases, not just the Navajo allottees who brought the suit. It
also signals the Administration's and the Department's continued
efforts to work with Indian Tribes and their members."
Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Ada Deer said, "This
reaffirms the commitment of all Interior Department agencies to
work together to fulfill federal trust responsibilities for
American Indians. The advancements in the tri-bureau office in
Farmington, New Mexico strengthen our ability to meet these
responsibilities."
The case alleged that the Department was not in compliance
with the Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act (FOGRMA) and
was not properly accounting for Indian mineral resources. A 1989
consent decree settled certain general issues, but disagreements
remained on specific Interior responsibilities.
The final agreement addresses all issues raised in the
dispute by the Navajo allottees and provides for:
-- Increased internal controls on royalty data and payments.
-- Revisions to audit and valuation procedures.
-- Enhancement of Interior's trust responsibility via the
tri-bureau office in Farmington.
-- Establishment of procedures to distribute interest from
funds in certain Indian accounts.
-- New procedures for production verification.
"The process of getting to this agreement -- working jointly
among our three bureaus and with the allottees -- emphasizes the
effectiveness of our improved coordination between the Department
and Indian allottees. After 11 years of often contentious
litigation, we are finally putting aside past differences and
charting a course for the successful future of Indian minerals
management," said MMS Director Cynthia Quarterman.
###
Subject: PR-4/14/95 Navajo Nation/Interior Signs Agreement with
Navajo Allottees, Settling Longstanding Lawsuit (#50027) | en |
markdown | 807394 | # Presentation: 807394
## Job Corps Health & Wellness Conference
- June 6, 2005 ׀ Orlando, Florida
## My Goal:
- “Big Picture” for Job Corps
- Health & Wellness Issues
- Listen
## Job Corps and ETA Strategic Alignment
- _ETA Focus:_
- Improved performance
- Alternative education
- Meeting the demands of businesses, especially in high-growth industries and occupations
- The neediest youth
## Job Corps and ETA Strategic Alignment
- _Job Corps Focus:_
- Develop and maintain close relationships with employers
- Ensure academic programs are up-to-date and students obtain a High School Diploma or GED
- Align vocational programs with current industry requirements and certifications
## Job Corps and ETA Strategic Alignment
- _Job Corps Focus:_
- Ensure students graduate with communication, social and employability skills
- Have credentialed staff who are equipped to prepare students for the workforce
- Firmly establish Job Corps as a viable partner in the alternative education system
## Becoming Demand Driven
- Knowing where the jobs are – both new jobs and current jobs that may be changing
- Knowing the skills and competencies necessary to do those jobs
- Understanding the labor market context
## Becoming Demand Driven
- Working collaboratively with business and training providers to develop workforce solutions
- Being agile enough to quickly switch Job Corps training programs to meet business demand
## Meeting Industry Needs
- Have credentialed staff who are equipped to prepare students for the workforce
- Firmly establish Job Corps as a viable partner in the alternative education system
- Create stronger paths between Job Corps and apprenticeships
## Program Initiatives
- Vocational Credentialing for Students, Staff, and Programs
- Working with business and industry to advance a major credentialing initiative for Job Corps’ vocational programs and to ensure that its programs are industry-recognized
- Academic Standards and the High School Diploma Initiative
- Instituting academic standards that lead to High School Diploma attainment and post-secondary career paths
## Program Initiatives
- Career Success Skills Standards
- Utilizing standards for career success that lead to skill and understanding in essential areas like Business Communications, Information Technology, Customer Service, Multicultural Awareness, and Independent Living
- Professional Development
- Providing opportunities for creating a highly trained professional teaching/instructor staff that is credentialed and positioned to take full advantage of up-to-date teaching approaches and resources
## PCDP Improvements
- Streamlined Admission Counselor Assessment Tool (ACAT) -- from a multi-page paper document to one automated online screen
- The Social Intake Form will print-out from CIS with pre-printed student information
- PCDP reports have been enhanced to be more student friendly
## Job Corps Operations
- Federal dollars are limited
- Quantification of benefit to students through health program?
- Determine cost reduction measures
- E.g. testing before admission?
- Cost-Effectiveness Workgroup
- Subcommittee to focus on Health & Wellness
## Student Training Costs
| BREAKDOWN OF STUDENT TRAINING COSTS | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Student Training Costs | $611,932 | 44.24% |
| Basic Education | $106,398 | 7.69% |
| Vocational Training | $209,517 | 15.15% |
| Social Skills Training | $296,017 | 21.40% |
| Administration | $256,673 | 18.55% |
| Outreach/Admissions | $57,109 | 4.13% |
| Transportation | $20,748 | 1.50% |
| Meals/Lodging | $188,988 | 5.54% |
| Allowances | $93,729 | 6.78% |
| Workers Compensation Benefits | $3,465 | 0.25% |
| Medical Care | $80,715 | 5.83% |
| Career Transition Services | $69,976 | 5.06% |
| TOTAL OPERATING COST | $1,383,336 | 100.00% |
## Job Corps Operating Costs
## Healthcare Costs per Year
| | PY 2003 | PY 2002 | PY 2001 | PY 2000 | PY 1999 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Annual Cost | $80,715, 129 | $77,561, 702 | $71516,741 | $66,820,516 | $66,079,689 |
| Cost Per Student ($) | $1268 | $1211 | $1054 | $935 | $936 |
| % change | 4.7% | 14.9% | 12.8% | -0.2% | -0.5% |
## Health & Wellness Observations
- “Eligibility” Issues
- National Eligibility Workgroup exploring issues
- Significant number of students with emotional issues – more psychotropic drugs
- New recreational drugs – training needed
- Suicide attempts and ideations
## Health & Wellness Observations
- Nutrition Issues
- Overweight students
- Considering a National Nutrition TAG
- Fatalities and assaults while on leave
- How to address this high number of significant incidents?
**Notes:**
Nutrition Technical Assistance Guide
This guide will assist Job Corps to increase the overall health of the students, reduce health complaints and health costs, and prepare students with the education and consumer habits they need to stay healthy.
This project will transform food services into a nutrition program by guiding Job Corps Centers to improve their existing nutrition programs with nutrition education, a health-conscious food and physical activity program, and by fostering relationships with local farming communities and health food suppliers.
Products and Outcomes Expected: With the nutrition initiative fully implemented and maintained, the centers will see:
Increased attendance
Improved behavior and learning ability of students
Fewer health complaints
Major problems facing students addressed: i.e. obesity, diabetes, ADD and ADHD
Improved health, behavior, and learning ability
Background: Although the PRH includes a list of required nutrition standards, these are minimal and inadequate in guiding a health-conscious nutrition program. Not only does obesity and low physical activity lead to chronic illness, but obesity and other preventable illnesses are also costing the country billions of dollars in health care (The Impact of Obesity on Rising Medical Spending, study 2004 Health Affairs). This Nutrition Initiative seeks to demonstrate that a health-conscious nutrition and physical activity program on Job Corps centers, coupled with local farmer relationships makes a stronger, healthier, and knowledgeable Job Corps population. According to the Department of Health and Human Services, healthy people have increased productivity, motivation, and better attendance.
## SHIMS Reporting
- DOL mandated to increase in filing of timely notices of injuries and illness by 5 percent in the Safety and Health Information Management System (SHIMS)
- To be considered timely, the Office of Workers’ Compensation Program (OWCP) requires the record keeper (Wellness Manager or Safety Officer) to complete and transmit Forms Compensation Act-1 and 2 to OWCP within 7 calendar days after receipt of notice from the Job Corps student.
## SHIMS Reporting
**Job Corps Wide Timeliness Report**
**FY05 Cumulative**
**10/01/2004 - 06/03/2005**
## Clearfield Job Corps Center
**Recent Quotes:**
*“**Thank you for everything. I hope I’m not sick. Have a great summer!”*
*“**It’s not a lot of people that would do what you did! Thank you, you’re truly a great person. It must have cost you a great deal of money.”*
*“**Thank you, even thought the shots hurt. Thanks for caring.”*
## Thank You
| en |
converted_docs | 676765 | {width="1.25in" height="1.0416666666666667in"}
***Draft Criteria for Assessing ISO Research Topic Priorities***
***Revised February 21, 2009***
***Background***
On February 20-21, 2009, The Keystone Center convened a small writing
group to consider key issues and prepare written materials for review by
a larger stakeholder group on March 16, 2009. The writing group included
individuals and members of groups whose primary interests are focused on
vaccine-related issues, state and local public health and immunization
officials, pediatricians, federal agency officials, and members of the
National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC).
This document reflects the writing group's views about the
identification of draft criteria and weighting for the purpose of
prioritizing the Immunization Safety Office's Scientific Agenda. The
draft agenda can be accessed at:
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/agenda.htm>. The group agreed that a
prioritization system using objective criteria would be most useful for
NVAC to decide which research projects should be conducted first. Over
two days of discussions, the group reached consensus on a broad set of
criteria, additional issues to consider and contextual comments for the
criteria, and an initial approach to weighting the criteria. The writing
group also identified several general principles that they found to be
important in setting the stage for how they hope the criteria will be
applied.
*Note: This draft summary will be reviewed in detail at the March 16
meeting. To the extent that interested stakeholders have questions or
would like additional information regarding this draft, please contact
Heather Bergman of The Keystone Center at 303-531-5511 or
hbergman@keystone.org. *
***General Principles***
- In order to limit the need to prioritize scientific research,
resources for vaccine safety studies should be increased as much as
possible.
- Resources should be allocated to achieve maximum impact.
- Criteria should be applied in a transparent process with stakeholder
input throughout the process to enhance accountability and enhance
public trust and confidence.
- The following criteria are proposed so that prioritization decisions
are made in a consistent and fair fashion.
- In order to achieve accountability, NVAC will provide an explanation
of how they applied the criteria to the issues on the research
agenda.
- It is understood that ISO will be agile and responsive to scientific
and policy questions and issues that emerge within the 5-year
scientific agenda window.
- After each research study is prioritized, ISO will assess whether
the study is within its scope. If it is not, ISO will refer the
issue to NVPO for action.
***Writing Group Prioritization Process***
- Writing group participants were asked to indicate the relative
importance of the six criteria using colored dots. Each participant
placed one dot on each of the six criteria (which were printed on
chart paper). Green dots indicated that a criterion was of the
highest importance; yellow dots indicated that a criterion was very
important; and red dots indicated that a criterion was relatively
less important but still important.
- The criteria below have been listed from left to right in the order
of importance that resulted from the dots exercise (based on the
number of green dots each criterion received).
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Although all six criteria are very important, the prioritization
exercise indicated that there is a sequence reflected in how the
criteria should be applied. The first five criteria relate to the
substantive question of what studies should be done. These five
criteria should be applied to the ISO Research Agenda first, then
the sixth criterion (which relates to whether/how a study can be
done) should be applied.
- ***Note:*** Federal agency officials did not participate in the
weighting exercise.
*Note: Several of the criteria below were identified as important during
the community meetings in Birmingham, Ashland, and Indianapolis. These
are indicated with an asterisk (\*). (The criteria without asterisks
were not included in the community discussions, so community members did
not indicate whether they are important or not.)*
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| ** | | | |
| Spec | | | |
| ific | | | |
| Vac | | | |
| cine | | | |
| Sa | | | |
| fety | | | |
| Hy | | | |
| poth | | | |
| eses | | | |
| ( | | | |
| Cate | | | |
| gory | | | |
| A)** | | | |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| > ** | **Cr | **Issues to Consider** | **Comments** |
| Step | iteria** | | |
| > | | | |
| 1:** | | | |
| > | | | |
| > ** | | | |
| What | | | |
| > to | | | |
| > | | | |
| Do** | | | |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| | **Sign | 1. Number of people | - Communities |
| | ificance | who receive the | indicated that |
| | of the | vaccine(s).\* | whether a vaccine is |
| | Ex | | given to children is |
| | posure** | 2. Receipt of vaccine | very important.\* |
| | | by infants or | |
| | | children.\* | - Communities |
| | | | indicated that |
| | | 3. Receipt of vaccine | whether a vaccine is |
| | | by other | mandatory is very |
| | | vulnerable | important.\* |
| | | populations.\* | |
| | | | - Communities |
| | | 4. The vaccine(s) | indicated that |
| | | is/are mandatory | number of people who |
| | | or universally | received the vaccine |
| | | recommended.\* | is important.\* |
| | | | |
| | | | - Vulnerable |
| | | | populations include |
| | | | pregnant women, |
| | | | chronically ill, and |
| | | | the underserved. |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| | **Burden | 1. Severity of the | - To extent possible, |
| | of the | health event | use a standard |
| | Health | including acute | framework (e.g., |
| | Event** | and chronic | QALY) to |
| | | disability, | characterize |
| | | treatability, and | severity. |
| | | preventability.\* | |
| | | | - Communities |
| | | 2. Frequency of the | indicated that |
| | | health event.\* | severity is more |
| | | | important than |
| | | 3. Increasing | frequency.\* |
| | | incidence of the | |
| | | health event | |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| | **Public | 1. Strength of public | - May include |
| | Con | concern about a | frequency of the |
| | cern\*** | possible link | concern (e.g., |
| | | between | determined by a |
| | | vaccination and | survey) or the |
| | | the adverse health | passion with which |
| | | event.\* | the concern is |
| | | | expressed. |
| | | | |
| | | | - Communities |
| | | | indicated public and |
| | | | parental concerns |
| | | | are important.\* |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| | **Status | 1. Temporal sequence | - Prior data may |
| | of | of the vaccine(s) | include information |
| | Existing | and the health | from surveillance or |
| | Sc | event | animal studies. |
| | ientific | | |
| | Knowl | 2. Prior data provide | - Communities |
| | edge**\* | information that | indicated scientific |
| | | would support the | concern is |
| | | hypothesis | important.\* |
| | | | |
| | | 3. A plausible | - These considerations |
| | | biological | are based on the |
| | | mechanism exists | Bradford Hill |
| | | linking the | criteria; other |
| | | vaccine(s) and the | Bradford Hill |
| | | health event. | criteria may be |
| | | | useful in assessing |
| | | | the existing |
| | | | scientific knowledge |
| | | | as well. |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| | **Impact | A study is likely to | |
| | and | have a significant | |
| | Public | impact on the | |
| | Policy** | understanding of this | |
| | | issue. | |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
| > ** | **Feasi | 1. Methodological and | |
| Step | bility** | ethical | |
| > | | feasibility | |
| 2:** | | | |
| > | | 2. Cost of the study | |
| > * | | and impact on the | |
| *How | | ability to do | |
| > to | | other studies | |
| > Do | | (including | |
| > | | opportunity costs) | |
| It** | | | |
| | | 3. Optimal sequencing | |
| | | with other | |
| | | potential studies | |
| | | that may be done | |
| | | by groups other | |
| | | than ISO. | |
+------+----------+------------------------+--------------------------+
**Prioritization of Categories B -- D**
> **[General Principles]{.underline}**
- Categories B -- D include topic areas but not specific testable
hypotheses that can be studied.
- Application of criteria to Categories B -- D will lead to
prioritization of the topics within each category.
- Following prioritization, ISO should convene working groups of
internal and external experts to identify specific testable
hypotheses that can be studied. Working groups should be convened
first for topics that rank higher.
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | ** | **Category | **Category C:** | **Category D:** |
| | Crite | B:** | | |
| | ria** | | **Special | **Clinical |
| | | **Vaccines and | Populations** | Outcomes** |
| | | Vaccination | | |
| | | Practices** | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | **Si | 1. Number of | 1. Number of | 1. The |
| | gnifi | people who | people in the | |
| | cance | receive | special | disease/syndrome |
| | of | the | population\* | occurs among |
| | the | vaccine or | | infants and |
| | Expos | | 2. Levels of | children\* |
| | ure** | vaccination | vaccine | |
| | | practice\* | coverage in | 2. The |
| | | | the special | |
| | | 2. Exposure | population | disease/syndrome |
| | | of infants | | occurs among |
| | | and | 3. Vaccine(s) | vulnerable |
| | | children\* | is/are | populations |
| | | | mandatory or | |
| | | 3. Exposure | universally | |
| | | of | recommended | |
| | | vulnerable | for the | |
| | | | special | |
| | | populations | population.\* | |
| | | | | |
| | | 4. The | 4. The special | |
| | | vaccine(s) | population is | |
| | | is/are | of particular | |
| | | mandatory | concern to | |
| | | or | our society | |
| | | | or is | |
| | | universally | believed to | |
| | | | merit a | |
| | | recommended.\* | higher degree | |
| | | | of care or | |
| | | | attention\* | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | **B | 1. Severity | NA | 1. Severity of |
| | urden | of the | | the |
| | of | health | | |
| | the | event(s) | | disease/syndrome |
| | H | | | including |
| | ealth | hypothesized | | acute and |
| | Ev | to be | | chronic |
| | ent** | associated | | disability, |
| | | with this | | treatability, |
| | | vaccine or | | and |
| | | | | |
| | | vaccination | | preventability\* |
| | | practice | | |
| | | in | | 2. Frequency of |
| | | including | | the disease/ |
| | | acute and | | syndrome\* |
| | | chronic | | |
| | | | | 3. Increasing |
| | | disability, | | incidence of |
| | | | | the disease/ |
| | | treatability, | | syndrome |
| | | and | | |
| | | pr | | |
| | | eventability\* | | |
| | | | | |
| | | 2. Frequency | | |
| | | of the | | |
| | | health | | |
| | | event(s)\* | | |
| | | | | |
| | | 3. Increasing | | |
| | | incidence | | |
| | | of the | | |
| | | health | | |
| | | event(s) | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | **P | Strength of | Strength of | Strength of |
| | ublic | public concern | scientific | public concern |
| | C | about a | concern that the | that the |
| | oncer | possible link | special | disease/syndrome |
| | n\*** | between a | population may | may be associated |
| | | vaccine or | experience | with a vaccine(s) |
| | | vaccination | greater risk of | or vaccination |
| | | and one or | injury from | practice\* |
| | | more adverse | vaccination\* | |
| | | health | | |
| | | events\* | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | **S | Strength of | Strength of | Strength of |
| | tatus | scientific | scientific | scientific |
| | of | concern about | concern that the | concern that the |
| | Exi | a possible | special | disease/syndrome |
| | sting | link between a | population may | may be associated |
| | Scien | vaccine or | experience | with a vaccine(s) |
| | tific | vaccination | greater risk of | or vaccination |
| | Kno | practice and | injury from | practice\* |
| | wledg | one or more | vaccination\* | |
| | e**\* | adverse health | | |
| | | events\* | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| | **I | 1. Importance | 3. Importance of | 1. Importance of |
| | mpact | of study | study | study |
| | and | studying | studying this | studying this |
| | P | this | special | clinical |
| | ublic | vaccine or | population to | outcome |
| | Pol | | an ongoing or | process |
| | icy** | vaccination | imminent | |
| | | practice | policy | 2. Importance of |
| | | to an | process | studying this |
| | | ongoing or | | clinical |
| | | imminent | 4. Importance of | outcome to |
| | | policy | studying this | confidence |
| | | process | special | and trust in |
| | | | population to | the vaccine |
| | | 2. Importance | confidence | program |
| | | of | and trust in | |
| | | studying | the vaccine | |
| | | this | program | |
| | | vaccine or | | |
| | | | | |
| | | vaccination | | |
| | | practice | | |
| | | to | | |
| | | confidence | | |
| | | and trust | | |
| | | in the | | |
| | | vaccine | | |
| | | program | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| > | **Fea | NA until | | |
| | sibil | development of | | |
| * | ity** | a specific | | |
| * | | hypothesis or | | |
| S | | hypotheses | | |
| t | | | | |
| e | | | | |
| p | | | | |
| > | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 2 | | | | |
| : | | | | |
| * | | | | |
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| I | | | | |
| t | | | | |
| * | | | | |
| * | | | | |
+---+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| en |
markdown | 321083 | # Presentation: 321083
## Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT
**Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT**
**Measurement Comparison**
**Lagrangian Experiment**
**Radiative Forcing of Aerosols**
## Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT
**Aircraft to aircraft**
**Aircraft to ground**
**Aircraft to ship**
**Aircraft to Satellite**
**Ship to Satellite**
**Credibility of measurements:**
**What is critical?**
**Can we trust it?**
**How can we test it?**
***Your not doing as well as you think (hope)?***
**Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT**
## Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT
**New York City plume - July 20 - 26 (P-3, DLR Falcon, Mace Head)**
**Low-level Outflow - July 15 - 18 (P-3, DC-8, BAe 146, Pico)**
**Warm Conveyor Belt - July 27 - August 1 (P-3, DC-8, BAe 146, DLR Falcon, Pico)**
**Outflow - July 9 - 15 (P-3, BAe 146)**
**Alaskan/Canadian Forest Fires - July 18 - 31 (DC-8, P-3, BAe 146)**
**Lagrangian Experiment (Evolution During Transport) **
**A. Stolh and D. Parrish NOAA**
**Multi-Platform Goals of ICARTT**
## Lagrangian Experiment (Evolution During Transport)
**Lagrangian Experiment (Evolution During Transport) **
## Aerosol Properties and Radiative Effects
**Aerosol Properties and Radiative Effects**
**Aerosol Characterization**
***(Various platforms)*** | en |
markdown | 718887 | # Presentation: 718887
## Lab-Wide, ES&H and Quality Integrated Work Controls Don Wesenberg Sandia National Labs Integrated Safety Management Best Practices Workshop September 13, 2006
**Lab-Wide, ES&H and Quality**** *****Integrated Work Controls*****Don Wesenberg****Sandia National Labs*****Integrated Safety Management******Best Practices Workshop******September 13, 2006***
**A Best-in-Class Journey**
## What Is IWP?
**It is a web-based software tool that ensures:**
**Hazards are identified and appropriate engineering controls are in place,**
**The required administrative controls (both corporate and line) are followed,**
**The people performing the work are trained to do so,**
**A mechanism exists to formally authorize work,**
**The process is scalable based on risk.**
**Physically, it’s an electronic lab notebook that helps organize & incorporate ES&H into mission work.**
## SNL Sector Layout for the Integrated Work Plan (IWP)
**Work**
**Classification**
**Generic IWP **
**Linking Work Sectors**
**w/Work Classification**
**Heavy Labs**
**Light Labs**
**Field Test**
**Nuclear**
**R&D**
**SNL Sector Layout for the**** ****Integrated Work Plan (IWP) **
**Construction**
**&**
**Maintenance**
**Design/**
**Pre-Production**
## ILMS – ISMS (Current Relationship Chart)
**ISMS/QA**
**PHS/SB**
**CIS**
**SA**
**NEPA**
**TEDS**
**Line SA**
**BBS**
**ES&H SA Pgm.**
**ES&H Data**
**Analysis-**
**Tracking/Trending**
**Ergo**
**Ext. Audits**
**ILMS – Integrated Laboratory **
** ****Mgt. System**
**ISM – Integrated Safety Mgt.**
**QA – Quality Assurance**
**SA – Self-assessment**
**EMS – Environmental Mgt. **
** ****System**
**BBS – Behavior Based Safety**
**Ergo – Ergonomic Evals.**
**SB – Safety Basis**
**ILMS – ISMS** **(Current Relationship Chart)**
**Oracle/Financial**
**PS/HR**
**Authorization**
**Basis**
**Emergency**
**Mgt.**
**Environmental**
**Mgt. (SWEIS)**
**EIS**
**EMS**
**Maint./Cal**
**Work **
**Controls?**
## ILMS – ISMS – IWP Relationship Chart
**ISMS/QA**
**Integrated Work Plan**
**(IWP)**
**PHS/SB**
**CIS/EIS**
**SA**
**(Activity Specific)**
**NEPA**
**TEDS**
**Line SA**
**BBS**
**ES&H SA Pgm.**
**ES&H Data**
**Analysis-**
**Tracking/Trending**
**Ergo**
**Ext. Audits**
**ILMS – Integrated Laboratory **
** ****Mgt. System**
**ISM – Integrated Safety Mgt.**
**QA – Quality Assurance**
**SA – Self-assessment**
**EMS – Environmental Mgt. System**
**BBS – Behavior Based Safety**
**Ergo – Ergonomic Evals.**
**SB – Safety Basis**
**ILMS – ISMS** **–** **IWP Relationship Chart**
**Oracle/Financial**
**PS/HR**
**Authorization**
**Basis**
**Emergency**
**Mgt.**
**Environmental**
**Mgt. (SWEIS)**
**Oracle**
**Proj. Mgt**
**HR**
**Maint./Cal**
**SA**
**XMS/**
**Web Fileshare**
## ILMS Applies to All Levels of the Organization
- Policy risks,
- Program risks
_**Lab**_
_**SMU’s**_
- Sandia Vision &
- Highest Goal,
- MYV,
- Strategic Plan &
- 10/5/1s,
- PEP, PMFs
- ERM
- Business plans,
- Strategic planning &
- 10/5/1s,
- PEP,
- LDRD,
- PMFs
- Business Rules,
- QAP & FOO,
- ISM & ISSM
- Assessments,
- Corrective Actions
- PMFs
- Product/
- Service Delivery
- Assurance
- Issues Management
- CSat, PMFs
- SMU** **Mgt
- System
- Assurance Models & Plans,
- PMFs
- Lab performs work through SMUs
- SMUs perform work through Divisions
- Divisions perform work through individuals
_**Divisions**_
- Project Plans
- Work Agreements
- PMFs
- Work processes & stds
- Training/TEDS
- QAP/FOO Authorization Basis
- Org. Risks
- PHS/HAD
- QFDB
_**Individuals**_
**ILMS Applies to All Levels of the Organization**
## ILMS
**Divisions perform work through individuals**
_**Divisions**_
_**Individuals**_
**ILMS**
**ISMS**
**IWP**
**Bench**
**Programs**
**Deployment of Programs**
**to the Bench**
**Real Work**
## IWP Integrates all Elements of ISMS
- Plan Work
- Evaluate Hazards
- Perform Work
- Improve Process
- Implement Controls
**IWP Integrates all Elements of ISMS**
## Integrated Work Flow Process (IWP)
**Follows Integrated Safety Management System **
**Plan Work**
**Analyze Hazards**
**Implement**** ****Controls**
**Perform Work**
**Improve Process**
**Customer**
**Requirements**
**Select Template**
**Authorize**
**Work (TSR)**
**Conduct Management **
**Operational**
**Review**
**Work Completed**
**Feedback**
**&**
**Improve.**
**Document &**
**Archive Work**
**Y**
**N**
**Y**
**N**
**Open**
**IWP**
**Basic**
**Information**
**Contact **
**Information**
**Project**
**Information**
**Question Set**
**& Permits**
**PHS**
**Selection**
**Activity-**
**Specific**
**Haz?**
**Activity-Specific**
**PHS Req’d**
**NEPA**
**Documented**
**PHS**
**Controls**
**Admin**
**Controls:**
** ****Training**
** ****TWDs**
**Personnel Named & Training Checked**
**QHE**
**Conducted**
**Existing**
**New**
**N**
**Y**
**Management**
**Alerted**
**Conduct**
**Work**
** ****TWDs**
**Management**
**Oversight**
## Demonstration
**A Best-in-Class Journey** | en |
markdown | 488247 | # Presentation: 488247
## Exploring the Standard Model with JLab at 12 GeV
- Standard Model tests: Beyond sin2(***W***).
***e2ePV***: Moller Scattering at 11 GeV
***DIS-Parity***: Parity NonConserving Electron Deep Inelastic Scattering
- For Dave Mack, Paul Souder, Michael Ramsey-Musolf, *et al.*
- 17 January 2003
## sin2(W) measurements below Z-pole
- sin2(W) measurements below Z-pole
| e2ePV
11 GeV-Moller Scattering
Q2 = 0.008 GeV2. | DIS-Parity
11 GeV JLab DIS Parity Violation
Q2 = 3.5 GeV2 |
| --- | --- |
- Standard Model predicts sin2(W) varies (runs) with Q2
- Non-S.M. physics may move measurements away from running curve.
- Different measurements sensitive to *different * non-S.M. physics.
- Well measured at Z-pole, but not at other Q2.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Beyond sin2(W): e.g. SUSY and Dark Matter
**RPV**
**No SUSY dark matter**
- Beyond sin2(W): *e.g.* SUSY and Dark Matter
- What is Dark Matter?
- S.M.: QWelectron and QWproton both measure 1-4sin2(W).
- SUSY: Loop contributions can change this by measurable amounts!
- hep-ph/0205183
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## e2ePV: Parity Violating Moller Scattering at 12 GeV
- D. Mack, W. van Oers, R. Carlini, N. Simicevic, G. Smith
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## e2ePV: Moller Scattering at 12 GeV
- Measurement of QWeak of the electron.
- Very small asymmetry:
- A|11 GeV **1⁄4** 9**¢**10-7 (1 – 4 sin2W) **1⁄4** 4**¢**10-8.
- Near-vanishing of the tree-level asymmetry makes this measurement sensitive to
- New physics at tree-level (*e.g.* Z**0**),
- New physics via loops (*e.g*. SUSY loop contributions).
- Restriction the available parameter space by a small amount is useful!
*Is there room for JLab to improve on the SLAC E158 measurement?* What type of apparatus would be needed?
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Moller sin2 W Error De-Magnification
- sin2(W) **1⁄4** 0.238
- 1 - 4 sin2(W) **1⁄4** 0.05
- Radiative corrections
- Not all of which are suppressed (De-Magnified) by (1-4sin2(W)
- Reduce tree-level Moller asymmetry by **1⁄4** 40%
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Moller 12 GeV vs. 48 GeV
- Repeat SLAC-E158 Moller
- Figure of merit:
- A2 d/d **/** Ebeam.
- Factor of 4 better at SLAC.
- All else equal, the advantage goes to the higher beam energy—*but “all else” is not equal!!*
- JLab can have a clear advantage in luminosity.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## JLab 12 GeV Moller vs. SLAC E158
- JLab’s advantage comes from the higher integrated luminosity available.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Moller sin2(W) Anticipated Uncertainties
- Clearly a competitive measurement of sin2W is possible at 11 GeV which is competitive with the best single measurements below and at the Z-pole.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Moller Detection
- Detector Concept:
- Drift scattered electrons to a collimator.
- Focus electrons in a *resistive* toroidal magnet.
- Drift electrons to detector ring.
- Laboratory scattering angles are small!!
- Detector Requirements:
- Focus Moller electrons of momentum 4.5 GeV/c **§** 33%.
- Toroidal magnet with 1/R field is well suited.
- Field requirement are less and scattering angle larger than at SLAC
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## e2ePV Moller Conclusions
- There is a small window for a Moller exp. at JLab to improve over SLAC E-158.
- This improvement can have a significant impact on the range of allowable SUSY extensions.
- JLab QWeak (proton) and JLab e2ePV Moller (QWe) anticipated limits.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## DIS-Parity: Polarized e- deuterium Deep Inelastic Scattering Parity NonConservation
- Paul Reimer, Peter Bosted, Dave Mack
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Textbook Physics: Polarized e- d scattering
- Repeat SLAC experiment (30 years later) with better statistics and systematics at 12 GeV Jefferson Lab:
- Beam current 100 A vs. 4 A at SLAC in ’78 **£** 25 stat
- 60 cm target vs. 30 cm target **£ ** 2 stat
- Pe (=electron polarization) = 80% vs. 37% **£** 4 stat
- Pe **1⁄4** 1% vs. 6% **£** 6 sys
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## DIS-Parity: Polarized e- deuterium DIS
- Longitudinally polarized electrons on unpolarized isoscaler (deuterium) target.
- Note that each of the Cia are sensitive to *different* possible S.M. extensions.
- C1q **)** NC vector coupling to *q*
- **£** NC axial coupling to *e*
- C2q **)** NC axial coupling to *q*
- **£** NC vector coupling to *e*
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## DIS-Parity: Detector and Expected Rates
- Expt. Assumptions:
- 60 cm ld2/lH2 target
- 11 GeV beam @ 90
- 75% polar.
- 12.5**±** central angle
- 12 msr d
** **6.8 GeV**§**10% mom. bite
- Rate expectations:
- **1⁄4** 1MHz DIS
- /e **1⁄4** 1 **)** 1 MHz pions
- 2 MHz Total rate
- dA/A = 0.5% **)** 2 weeks (ideal) plus time for H2 and systematics studies.
- Will work in either Hall C (HMS +SHMS) or Hall A (MAD)
**h**x**i** = 0.45 **h**Q**2****i** = 3.5 GeV**2**
**h**Y**i** = 0.46 **h**W**2****i** = 5.23 GeV**2**
- Q2 near NuTeV result—provide cross check on neutrino result.
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Uncertainties in Ad
- Beam Polarization:
- This drives the uncertainty!
- QWeak also needs 1.4%
- Hall C Moller claims 0.5%.
- Higher twists may enter at low Q2:
**This *****could *****be a problem*****.***
- Check by taking additional data at lower and higher Q2.
- Possible 6 GeV experiment?
- Ad to **§** 0.5% stat **§** 1.1% syst. (1.24% combined)
| Statistical (2 weeks) | 0.5% |
| --- | --- |
| Beam polarization | 1.0% |
| Q2 | 0.5% |
| Radiative corr. | <1% |
| R = (L/T) = § 15% | <0.02% |
| s(x) = § 10% | <0.03% |
| EMC Effect | ???? |
| Higher Twist | ???? |
*What about C**iq**’s?*
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## Extracted Signal—It’s all in the binning
- Note—Polarization uncertainty enters as in slope and intercept
- Aobs = PAd **/** P(2C1u–C1d) + P(2C2u–C2d)Y]
- but is correlated
- PDG: C1u= –0.209**§**0.041 highly
- C1d= 0.358**§**0.037 correlated
- 2C2u– C2d = –0.08**§**0.24
- This measurement:
- (2C1u– C1d) = 0.005 (stat.)
- (2C2u– C2d) = 0.014 (stat.)
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## DIS-Parity determines 2C2u-C2d
- Combined result significantly constrains 2C2u–C2d.
- PDG 2C2u–C2d = –0.08 **§** 0.24 Combined (2C2u–C2d) = **§** 0.014
**£** 17 improvement (S.M 2C2u – C2d = 0.0986)
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## DIS-Parity: Conclusions
- DIS-Parity Violation measurements can *easily *accomplished at JLab with the 12 GeV upgrade (beam and detectors) in either Hall A or Hall C.
- Large asymmetry/quick experiment.
- Requires very little beyond the standard equipment which will already be present in the halls.
- Near NuTeV Q2.
***Higher twist may be important***
- (2C1u – C1d) = 0.005
- (2C2u – C2d) = 0.014
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003
## JLab tests of the Standard Model
- Measurements of sin2(W) below MZ provide strict tests of the SM.
- Measurements in different systems provide **complementary **information.
- Moller Parity Violation can be measured at JLab at a level which will impact the Standard Model.
**DIS-Parity** violation measurement is *easily *carried out at JLab.
**RPV**
**No SUSY dark matter**
- hep-ph/0205183
- Weak Mixing Angle MS-bar scheme
- Jens Erler
- Paul E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
- 17 January 2003 | en |
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| en |
markdown | 182555 | # Presentation: 182555
## Proton Plan
- Eric Prebys, FNAL Accelerator Division
## Charge
- Develop a plan for a reasonable set of improvements and operational initiatives to maximize proton delivery to NuMI and the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) over the next ten years or so.
- Estimate the budget and timeline for these improvements.
- Estimate proton delivery to both beam lines if the Plan proceeds on schedule.
- Note: this plan is *exclusive* of the Proton Driver, which we assume will one day replace the existing Proton Source (Linac+Booster).
- Note: not *yet* fully updated to reflect BTeV decision
## Review: What Limits Total Proton Intensity?
- Maximum number of Protons the Booster can stably accelerate: 5E12
- Maximum average Booster rep. Rate: currently 7.5 Hz, may have to go to 10 Hz for NuMI+ *(full)* MiniBooNE
- (NUMI only) Maximum number of booster batches the Main Injector can hold: currently 6 *in principle*, possibly go to 11 with fancy loading schemes in the future
- (NUMI only) Minimum Main Injector ramp cycle time (NUMI only): 1.4s+loading time (at least 1/15s**nbatches*)
- Losses in the Booster:
- Above ground radiation
- Damage and/or activation of tunnel components
*Our biggest worry at the moment and probably forever*
## Plan Strategy
**See full document: **BEAMS-DOC-1441
**Increasing the proton delivery from the Booster to NuMI and MiniBooNE**
- Increase maximum average Booster repetition rate.
- Increase acceptance by improving orbit control and beam quality.
**Increasing the beam intensity in the Main Injector for NuMI**
- Main Injector multi-batch operation.
- Slip stacking in Main Injector (requires RF upgrade).
**Improving operational reliability and radiation limitations**
- Linac quad supplies
- Booster and Linac Instrumentation
- Booster RF Upgrade
- Investigate 7835 Problem
## Breakdown of Plan
| WBS | Description |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Proton Plan |
| 1.1 | Linac Upgrades |
| 1.1.1 | Linac PA Vulnerability |
| 1.1.2 | Linac Quad Power Supplies |
| 1.1.3 | Linac Instrumentation Upgrade |
| 1.2 | Booster Upgrades |
| 1.2.1 | Determination of Rep Rate Limit |
| 1.2.2 | ORBUMP System |
| 1.2.3 | Corrector System |
| 1.2.4 | 30 Hz Harmonic Upgrade |
| 1.2.5 | Gamma-t System |
| 1.2.6 | Alignment Improvements |
| 1.2.7 | Drift Tube Cooling |
| 1.2.8 | Booster RF Cavity #20 |
| 1.2.9 | Booster Solid State RF PA’s |
| 1.2.10 | Booster Instrumentation Upgrade |
| 1.3 | Main Injector Upgrades |
| 1.3.1 | Large Aperture Quads |
| 1.3.2 | Main Injector Collimator |
| 1.3.3 | NuMI Multi-batch Operation |
| 1.3.4 | Main Injector RF Upgrade |
| 1.4 | Management |
## Review: Main Injector Loading
- The Main Injector has six usable “slots”, into which Booster batches may be placed.
- More batches may be loaded, using “slip stacking”, in which batches are injected at slightly different energy, drift together, and are captures as one batch (with at least twice the longitudinal emittance).
## Main Injector Loading (cont’d)
- Initial NuMI operation (“2+5”):
- Two batches will be slip stacked for antiproton production.
- Five more batches will be loaded for NuMI
- All will be accelerated together.
- Ultimate NuMI operation (“2+9”):
- Five batches will be loaded into the Main Injector, leaving one empty slot.
- Six more batches will be loaded and slipped with the first to make two for antiproton production and 9 for NuMI.
- This is beyond the capacity of the current RF system.
## Main Injector RF 101
- Our present system:
- Number of cavities: 18
- Total Power Available: 175 kW/cavity (single PA)
- Total Power dissipated: 58.6 kW/cavity
- Power available for acceleration: 116.4 kW/cavity
- Maximum acceleration rate: 200 GeV/s
- In the absence of beam loading compensation, an RF system is stable until the energy expended in accelerating the beam is *equal* to the energy dissipated in the cavity.
- Feed forward loops can increase this stability threshold
- For our system
- Maximum guaranteed stable intensity: 3.3E13 protons
- Power limited intensity: 6.5E13 protons
## Options
- By adding an additional (175/2 – 58.6 =) 28.9 kW passive load to each cavity, we could ensure 87.5 kW of power for stable acceleration
- 4.9E13 proton per batch limit
- Each cavity has an additional port for a second PA, potentially giving 350 kW of total power.
- This could potentially give
- 9.8E13 protons/batch in the most conservative case (175 kW power dissipation)
- Possibly higher with feedback loops
## Proton Projections
- Phases of Operation
- Phase I
- After this shutdown
- Dogleg problem ameliorated
- Booster limited to 7.5Hz total repetition rate
- Main Injector limited to 4E13 protons (2+5 operation)
- Phase II
- After 2005 shutdown
- ORBUMP replaced
- RF cooling finished
- Booster capable of 9Hz operation
- MI still limited
- Phase III
- After 2006 shutdown
- MI RF upgrade complete
- 2+9 operation to NuMI
- 2007
## Predicted Peak Proton Intensity Limits
- Actual
## Calculating NuMI PoT
- Even the fallback scenario accommodates NuMI operation.
- Assume the following
- Booster batch intensity rises steadily to 5.5E12 over the next three years.
- Ramp up to full 2+5 operation by April 2005
- Ramp up to full 2+9 batch slipstacked operation a few months after MI RF upgrade.
- 90% efficiency for slip stacking.
- 10 month operation each year.
- 81% total uptime for remainder of year
- based on MiniBooNE. Includes scheduled and unscheduled downtime
- 90% avg/peak operating efficiency
- 10% down time for shot setup
- 5% down time for fast Recycler transfers
- 5% down time during 2005 for Ecool accesses.
- Does NOT include SY120
## Machine Loading
## “Design” PoT
| | Booster
Batch Size | Main Injector Load | Cycle Time | MI Intensity | Booster Rate* | Total Proton Rate | Annual Rate at end of Phase | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | (AP + NuMI) | (sec) | (protons) | (Hz) | (p/hr) | NuMI | BNB |
| Actual Operation | | | | | | | | |
| July, 04 | 5.0E+12 | 1+0 | 2.0 | 0.5E+13 | 5.1 | 0.8E+17 | 0 | 3.3E+20 |
| Proton Plan | | | | | | | | |
| Phase I | 5.10E+12 | 2+12+5 | 2.0 | 3.6E+13 | 6.3 | 1.0E+17 | 2.0E+20 | 1.5E+20 |
| Phase II | 5.3E+12 | 2+5 | 2.0 | 3.7E+13 | 7.5 | 1.2E+17 | 2.2E+20 | 2.8E+20 |
| Phase III | 5.50E+12 | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.0E+13 | 8.3 | 1.5E+17 | 3.4E+20 | 2.2E+20 |
| Beyond Scope of Present Plan | | | | | | | | |
| 11 Hz | 5.50E+12 | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.1E+13 | 11.0 | 2.0E+17 | 3.4E+20 | 5.0E+20 |
## Fallback Scenarios
- NuMI
- Project totals if the MI RF upgrade is delayed by a year *(probable!!)*
- Project totals if slip stacking fails entirely for one reason or another *(pessimistic)*
- BNB
- Project totals if both the MI RF upgrade and the corrector upgrade are delayed by a year *(probable)*
- Project totals if the aperture improvements have only 25% of their calculated benefit *(pessimistic)*
## Since Initial Report
- The first “reality check”:
- Funding limited
- Defer indefinitely:
- Linac quad upgrade
- 30 Hz harmonic
- Booster solid state RF
- Instrumentation upgrade
- Significantly delay:
- Main Injector RF
- Effect of canceling BTeV:
- Budget very front-loaded
- Most things back:
- Probably not Booster solid state RF
- Most likely scenario “delayed”:
- Booster correctors and MI RF installed in 07 shutdown.
## Fallback Projections (delayed scenario most likely)
- BNB only during shot setup
- BNB *benefits* from delayed slip stacking
## Extra Slides for Questions...
## Status of Major Work
- Linac
- 7835 Task force
- Burle OK for now
- Buy tubes (12 extra by end of 06)
- LEL quad power supplies
- Working on prototype, based on HEL supplies
- Booster:
- ORBUMP magnets:
- First magnet built and tested, proceeding with the rest
- ORBUMP PS:
- Procuring and assembling
- Corrector System
- Conceptual design complete
- Working on detailed design
- Working on PS specs
## Status of Major Work
- Main Injector
- Large Aperture Quads
- In fabrication. Will be ready for 05 shutdown
- 5-batch commissioning
- In progress
- Loss mitigation/collimator system
- Working group formed
- Identifying collimator candidates for MI-8
- Starting ring collimator system design based on Booster
- Miscellaneous projects (added since first draft)
- Barrier bucket cavity:
- In procurement
- Injection kicker modification:
- Being designed
## Status of MI RF Work
- Build prototype cavity
- Passive load:
- Existing port?
- Cut new port?
- Second PA
- Carry out a series of studies in the Main Injector
- Determine effectiveness of feed-forward loops
- Determine optimal passive load and predict intensity limit for one- and two- PA scenarios
- Refine cost estimate for passive load and PA upgrades.
- Use this information to determine longer range plan.
## Status of Plan
- Working with Project Support to complete WBS chart.
- All major elements at least have reasonably accurate placeholders.
## Evaluate Effect of Booster Improvements
- Calculate effect of various improvments based on increased acceptance (a la McGinnis):
- Use:
- Effective aperture reduction
| Condition | Date | A | max D | max beta | Acceptance | Relative |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Completed | (mm) | (m) | (m) | (-mm-mr) | Increase (%) |
| Start of MiniBooNE | --- | 10 | 6.2 | 45.8 | 15.7 | -15 |
| Dogleg 3 Fix | Oct-03 | 10 | 4.5 | 40.8 | 18.4 | 0 |
| Dogleg 13 Fix | Oct-04 | 10 | 3.8 | 36.1 | 21.0 | 14 |
| Alignment | Oct-05 | 8 | 3.8 | 36.1 | 24.3 | 32 |
| ORBUMP | Oct-05 | 5 | 3.8 | 36.1 | 29.5 | 60 |
| correctors | Oct-06 | 2 | 3.8 | 36.1 | 35.2 | 92 |
| Ideal | --- | 0 | 3.19 | 33.7 | 42.3 | 130 |
## Effect on Max Proton Intensity
- Prior to this shutdown, regularly delivering 7.5E16pph with ~40% reduction in activation around most of the Booster.
- Assume after another year of tuning and collimator optimization, we could have hit 1E17 pph with no other improvments (“fallback” = .9E17).
- Operational experience: tuning asymptotically approaches benefit of a particular improvement:
- Assume after one year of tuning, 50% of the benefit of a particular improvement is realized (fallback = 25%).
| Date | “Design” Limit (1E16 p/hr) | Fallback Limit (1E16 p/hr) | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1/2006 | 10.7 | 9.3 | Effect of collimators, dogleg fix, plus some alignment |
| 1/2007 | 13.0 | 10.4 | Alignment and ORBUMP |
| 1/2008 | 14.6 | 11.0 | New corrector system |
## Estimating PoT
- Even the fallback proton scenario accommodates NuMI operation.
- Total proton output continues to be limited by radiation losses, rather than Booster repetition rate.
- We assume:
- NuMI and antiproton production get what they need
- The BNB gets whatever it can beyond that, within the total output limit of the Booster
- This is a programmatic decision:
- Protons can be diverted from NuMI to the BNB, but not the other way around.
- The BMB PoT estimates are extremely sensitive to the total proton limit, which is uncertain.
## Calculating BNB PoT
- Trickier:
- Still limited by beam loss, NOT rep. rate.
- Assume antiproton and NuMI have priority, so
- BNB VERY sensitive to proton limit and its fluctuations.
- Use:
- (avg pph) = (pph lim.)*η – (NuMI pph) – (pbar pph)
- Also assume:
- 10 month operation
- 81% up time (based on 2004)
- 5% downtime in 2005 for ECool access
- BNB gets all the beam during shot setup (10% of the time)
- Avg/pk ~ 86% from July 2004 MiniBooNE operation
- Booster output limit, as discussed
## “Design” Totals (almost certainly outdated)
- Last 4 weeks | en |
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1.0044613E-02 3.075705
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0.5837020 3.078428
0.6864060 3.079787
0.9510564 3.087792
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1.759489 3.106797
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2.004335 2.849931
2.092992 2.526593
2.174040 2.109561
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2.410609 1.157630
| en |
markdown | 658670 | # Presentation: 658670
## ROOT
- An object oriented HEP analysis framework.
- Day 3
- http://www-pat.fnal.gov/root/
- The ROOT system website is at: http://root.cern.ch/
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## What we covered ...
- Day 1
- GUI
- Day 2
- More commands (CINT & ACLiC)
- Functions and Fitting
- Tree Viewer
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Class Schedule Day 3:
- Building Root Trees
- Reading Root Trees
- Using Trees in Analysis
- The Draw method
- The MakeClass method
- Add your class to ROOT
- With the Interpreter
- With a compiler (Shared Library)
- With ACLiC
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Building ROOT Trees
- Overview of
- ROOT Files
- Trees
- Branches
- 5 Steps to build a TTree
- Demonstration
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## ROOT Files (TFile)
- When a ROOT file is opened it becomes the _current directory_.
- Histograms and trees are _automatically saved_ in the file.
- When the file is closed the _histogram and tree objects _associated with the file_ are deleted_.
- _Any object_ derived from TObject can be written to a ROOT file. It has to be added explicitly.
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Some points to remember about the TFile class:
The constructor of the TFile opens the file for reading or writing.
When a file is opened in ROOT, it becomes the current directory. The global variable gDirectory reflects this. To change directory to a different file use the cd() method for the target file.
New histograms and trees are automatically written to the current file.
Any object derived from TObject can be written to the file, however they have to be added explicitly by calling file->Append(), or object->Write().
When the file is closed or the file object deleted, the histograms and trees in the file are no longer available in the ROOT session. The histogram and tree objects and are deleted along with the file object.
## ROOT Trees (TTree)
- Storing _large number_ of entries.
- _Hierarchy_ of branches and leaves.
- Reading _selective_ branches
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
The TTree class is designed for storing large number of events. With compression, it minimizes the space overhead per entry to about 4 bytes. If each entry were added individually it would require about 60 bytes of control data.
The TTree class consists of a hierarchy of branches and leaves which allows a flexible organization of data
a tree may have one or many branches and a branch may have one or many leaves
branches are independent and maybe written to different files
Data is written to the file one branch buffer at a time. This results in a large compression factor especially if there are a series of the same values in a branch.
A TTree allows selective branches to be read for optimized I/O. Each branch can be read independently of any other branch.
When a branch buffer is written, the tree header is not saved to the file. The Write() method writes the tree header.
## Five Steps to Build a Tree
- _Steps:_
- 1. Create a TFile
- 2. Create a TTree
- 3. Add TBranch to the TTree
- 4. Fill the tree
- 5. Write the file
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Step 1: Create a TFile Object
- The TFile constructor
- file name (i.e. " AFile.root ")
- option: _NEW, CREATE, RECREATE,_ _UPDATE,_ _or READ_
- file title
- compression level 0-9, defaults to 1.
- TFile *hfile = new
- TFile("AFile.root","RECREATE","Example");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 1: Create a macro (BuildTree.C). First load the shared library libEvent.so that contains the class definition of Event and Track. These are the objects we want to write to the tree. Then create a TFile object.
{
// load the shared library with the class definition
// for event.
gROOT->LoadMacro("$ROOTSYS/test/libEvent.so");
// create a TFile object, using RECREATE to overwrite // if it exists
TFile *hfile = new TFile("AFile.root", "RECREATE",
"An Example ROOT file");
}
If Option
= NEW or CREATE create a new file and open it for writing, if the file already exists the file is not opened.
= RECREATE create a new file, if the file already exists it will be overwritten.
= UPDATE open an existing file for writing. if no file exists, it is created.
= READ open an existing file for reading.
## Step 2: Create a TTree Object
- The TTree Constructor:
- Tree Name (e.g. "myTree")
- Tree Title
- Maximum total size of buffers kept in memory when reading a TTree (defaults to 64 MB)
- TTree *tree = new TTree("myTree","A ROOT tree");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 2
create a TTree object with the name T and the default buffer size of 64 MB
TTree *tree = new TTree("myTree","A ROOT tree");
Maxvirtualsize is by default 64Mbytes. It applies when reading entries from a tree and allocates the maximum space that the sum of all branch buffers may use. For example if it is set to 64MB and there are 3 branches with 8MB buffers each it can contain 8 branch buffers.
The method TTree::SetMaxVirtualSize() resets the MaxVirtualSize on an existing tree. This can be used for performance reasons (I.e. to keep more or less branch buffers in memory).
## Create a Tree with Folders
- TTree aliTree("aliTree", "/aliroot")
- First Parameter: tree name
- Second Parameter: /name of the top folder
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Step 3: Adding a Branch (case 1)
- Branch name
- Class name
- _Address of the pointer_ to the Object (descendant of TObject)
- Buffer size (default = 32,000)
- Split level (default = 99)
- Event *event = new Event();
- myTree->Branch
- ("EventBranch","Event",&event);
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 3
create a branch object for the event object:
Event *event = new Event(); tree->Branch ("EventBranch","Event",&event,,1);
The Buffer size default is 32k. This means a read and write operation on a branch is done in a 32k byte chunks. While writing a tree, each branch buffer is written when it is filled. When reading a tree, ROOT keeps the old branch buffers as long as the TTree MaxVirtualSize is large enough to hold an additional buffer.
If the sum of the buffers is larger than MaxVirtualSize, and we are reading the tree, only one branch buffer is kept.
## Splitting a Branch
- Setting the split level (default = 99)
- Split level = 0
- Split level = 99
- Example:
- tree->Branch("EvBr","Event",&ev,64000,0);
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Setting the split level
If the split level = 0, the branch is not split and the entire object is written on one branch.
If split level=1 (default), this branch will automatically be split into sub-branches, with one sub-branch for each data member of the object itself. The parent object is also split.
If split level = 2 The data members will be split so that there is a branch for each of the data members of the objects contained in the top object.
Making one single branch and one single buffer can be the right choice when one wants to process only a subset of all entries in the tree.
Making several branches is particularly interesting in the data analysis phase, when one wants to histogram some attributes of an object (entry) without reading all the attributes.
## Adding Branches with a List of Variables
- Branch name
- Address: the address of the first item of a structure.
- Leaflist: all variable names and types
- Order the variables according to their size
- Example
- TBranch *b = tree->Branch ("Ev_Branch",&event,
- "ntrack/I:nseg:nvtex:flag/i:temp/F");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
The variable name and the variable type are separated by a slash (/). If no type is given, the type of the variable is assumed to be the same as the previous variable. If the first variable does not have a type, it is assumed of type F by default.
The list of currently supported types is given below:
- C : a character string terminated by the 0 character - B : an 8 bit signed integer - b : an 8 bit unsigned integer - S : a 16 bit signed integer - s : a 16 bit unsigned integer - I : a 32 bit signed integer - i : a 32 bit unsigned integer - F : a 32 bit floating point - D : a 64 bit floating point
The leaflist with names of variables is NOT used to pick variables out of the structure, but is only used later by root as names for the elements that were saved on the branch. The type info is used for a byte count to decide how much to save. The variables actually written out are simply the block of bytes starting at the starting address, and they may or may not match up with the leaflist depending on whether or not the programmer is being careful.
A branch created with a structure is probably the closest to a branch that represents a block in an ntuple.
## Adding Branches with a TClonesArray
- Branch name
- Address of a pointer to a TClonesArray
- Buffer size
- Split level
- Example:
- tree->Branch( "Track_B",&Track,64000);
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
This Branch method takes as input an array of objects of the same class (I.e. tracks, hits). When the split level is set to 1 (and by default) it creates one branch for each of the members of the class.
Using a ClonesArray in the Branch method will optimize the I/O for the root file. Since ROOT knows a clones array contains objects of the same class, it will reuse the memory space to read and write the object from the tree. This optimization uses much fewer calls to "new" and can make a large difference in execution time.
TClonesArray
The TClonesArray is a direct access list of objects of the same class. For example, if the TClonesArray is an array of TTrack objects, this function will create one sub-branch for each data member of the object TTrack.
## List and Folder Branches
- Branch(TList *list, buffer, split)
- Creates one branch for each list element
- TObject
- TClonesArray
- Will add a split level parameter
- Branch("folder-name", buffer, split)
- Creates one branch per folder
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Int_t Branch(TList *list, Int_t bufsize) This new function creates one branch for each element in the list. Two cases are supported:
list[i] is a TObject*: a TBranchObject is created with a branch name being the name of the object.
list[i] is a TClonesArray*: A TBranchClones is created.
if list[i]->TestBit(TClonesArray::kNoSplit) is 1, the TClonesArray is not split.
if list[i]->TestBit(TClonesArray::kForgetBits) is 1 and the TClonesArray is split, then no branches are created for the fBits and fUniqueID of the TObject part of the class referenced by the TClonesArray. The function returns the total number of branches created.
Int_t Branch(const char *foldername, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel) This new function creates one branch for each element in the folder. The function returns the total number of branches created.
## Step 4: Fill the Tree
- Create a for loop
- Assign values to the event object
- Call the Fill method for the tree
- myTree->Fill()
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
The Fill method will loop on all defined branches and fetch the information from the variables associated with the branch and copy it to the branch.
Step 4
write a for loop to assigns values to create events and fill the tree with them.
for (ev = 0; ev < 200; ev++) {
Float_t sigmat, sigmas;
gRandom->Rannor(sigmat,sigmas);
Int_t ntrack = Int_t (600 +600*sigmat/120.);
Float_t random = gRandom->Rndm(1);
event -> SetHeader(ev, 200, 960312, random);
event -> SetNseg(Int_t (10*600+20*sigmas));
event -> SetNvertex(1);
event -> SetFlag(UInt_t (random+0.5));
event -> SetTemperature(random+20.);
for (Int_t t = 0; t < ntrack; t++)
event->AddTrack(random);
myTree->Fill(); //fill the tree
event->GetTracks()->Clear();
}
## Step 5: Write the File
- The TFile::Write()
- Writes Histograms and Trees
- Write is needed to write file header
- hfile->Write();
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 5
write the file.
hfile->Write();
When is what written to disk?
File Header: when calling the file->Write() or file->Close() method. File Content: when calling the file->Write() or file->Close() method. Objects on file (like Histograms): with File Content or when calling the obj->Write() method. Trees: same as other objects or when the number of bytes that have been generated since the previous AutoSave is greater than fAutoSave (use SetAutoSave) (this includes, tree, branch and leaf meta data). Leaf data: every time the buffer is full (size given in the TTree::Branch call) or the tree is written.
## Demo: 5 steps to build a Tree
- BuildTreeDemo.C
- create "AFile.root"
- 2nd Type of Branch, crated with a class name and split.
- .X BuildTreeDemo.C
- One tree called "T"
- One branch for eachdata member of Event.
- recursive split (see Track)
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
As an example, look at BuildTreeDemo.C. This is a macro containing the 5 steps discussed earlier.
Now execute the BuildTreeDemo.C
root [0] .X BuildTree.C
root [1] TBrowser B
You can see there is a tree called "myTree", and one branch for each data member of the object we used to create the branch. You can also see the recursive nature of the split. Each data member of Track is also in a branch.
## Summary (Building ROOT Trees)
- Overview of
- ROOT Files
- Trees
- Branches
- 5 Steps to build a TTree
- Demo
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Reading a TTree
- How to Read a Tree
- Reading Simple variables
- Example: reading Selected Branches
- Example: reading an Object Branch
- Trees and Friends
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Looking at the Tree
- TTree::Print() Shows the branchesTFile f("AFile.root")myTree->Print(); > print.txt
- TTree::Scan("leaf":"leaf":....)myTree->Scan("fNseg:fNtrack"); > scan.txt
- myTree->Scan("fEventHdr.fDate:fNtrack");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## How To Read TTree
- $ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree1.C
- Reading a simple tree
- 1. Open the TFile
- TFile f("tree1.root")
- 2. Get the TTree
- TTree * t1 =
- (TTree*)f.FindObject("t1")
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## How to Read A TTree ++
- 3. Create a variable to hold the data
- Float_t px, py, pz;
- 4. Associate a branch with a variable:
**SetBranchAddress("name", address)**
- t1->SetBranchAddress("px", &px)
- t1->SetBranchAddress("py", &py)
- t1->SetBranchAddress("pz", &pz)
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## GetEntry
- 5. Read one Entry in the TTree
**t1->GetEntry(0) // first entry**
- root [20] px
- (Float_t)(-1.10227906703948970e+00)
- root [21] py
- (Float_t)(-1.79938960075378420e+00)
- root [22] pz
- (Float_t)4.45282220840454100e+00
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Demo: Reading Branches
- Demo:readTree1.C
- Read selected branches
- Fill two histograms
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Reading an Object Branch
- Print the first entry with less than 587 tracks
- Find the entry using the fNtrack sub-branch
- Once found, read the entire entry
- $ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree4.C
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Friends of Trees
- Adding Branches
- Often the tree is read only
- Risk of Damaging existing tree
- Add a Friend
- Unrestricted Access to the Friend's data
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Adding a Friend to a TTree
- AddFriend("treeName", "fileName")
- tree.AddFriend("ft1", "ff.root")
- Friends with Trees of the same name:
- tree.AddFriend("tree1 = tree","ff.root")
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Accessing Friends
- Access:
- treeName.branchName.leafname
**Example:**
- Int_t px;
- t->SetBranchAddress("t2.px")
**Or**
- t->Scan("t2.px.px") //unique
- t->Scan("px")
**Also:**t->Print("all")
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## The Friends List
- Number of Entries of a Friend must be greater or equal
- To access the list of Friends:
- TTree::GetListOfFriends()
- Persistent
- tree->Write()
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Summary: Reading Trees
- How to Read a Tree
- Reading Simple variables
- Example: reading Selected Branches
- Example: reading an Object Branch
- Trees and their Friends
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Trees in Analysis
- Using TTree::Draw()
- Using MakeClass
- TChains
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Using Trees in Analysis
- The TTree::Draw()
- _Parameters:_
- 1. expressions for x,y,z
- myTree->Draw("**ntrack**");
- myTree->Draw("**sqrt(ntrack): ntrack**");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Steps by Step:
To draw views of a tree from the command line:
1. Open the root file if it is not already open :
TFile *p = new TFile("AFile.root","READ");
2. Create a canvas with 4 divisions and activate the first sub-pad
TCanvas *myCanvas = new TCanvas
("myCanvas","My Canvas", 0,0,600,400);
myCanvas->Divide(2,2);
myCanvas->cd(1);
3. Draw the first histogram using the TTree::Draw method with just the name of a variable.
myTree->Draw("ntrack");
4. Change the active pad and use the TTree::Draw method to plot two variables.
myCanvas->cd(2);
myTree->Draw("sqrt(ntrack): ntrack");
## Using Trees in Analysis (cont.)
- The TTree::Draw()
- _Parameters:_
- 2. selection
- 3. draw option
- 4. number of entries
- myTree->Draw("sqrt(ntrack): ntrack", "**temp > 20.8**");myTree ->Draw("sqrt(ntrack): ntrack",
- "temp >20.8","**surf2**");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Steps by Step continued:
5. Change the active pad and add a selection parameter to TTree::Draw
myCanvas->cd(3);
myTree->Draw("sqrt(ntrack): ntrack", "temp > 20.8");
6. Change the active pad and add a draw option
myCanvas->cd(4);
myTree ->Draw("sqrt(ntrack): ntrack", "temp >20.8","surf2");
## Using Trees in Analysis (cont.)
- If the Branch was created with an object and was not split we can still use the Draw() method.
- myTree->Draw("**event.GetNtrack()**");
- event = branch name
- GetNtrack() = a method of the object on the branch.
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Histograms and Lists
- The TTree::Draw() parameters continued:
- - creating a histogram
- myTree ->Draw(" ntrack **>> myHisto**"); myHisto->Draw();
- - saving an event list myTree ->Draw("**>> myList**","ntrack>0"); myList->Print("all")
- - using an event list myTree ->**SetEventList**(myList); myTree ->Draw("ntrack");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Saving the histogram:
- By default ROOT creates a histogram called htemp.
- By default the histogram is reset. Use a "+" to append the data to the histogram:
T->Draw("ntrack >>+ myHisto")
Saving an event list:
T->Draw(">> myList", " ntrack");
myList->Print("all")
When the first argument is preceded by ">>" ROOT knows that this command is not intended to draw anything, but to save the entries in a list with the name given in the first argument.
Using the event list:
TEventList *elist = (TEventList*)gDirectory->Get("myList");
T->SetEventList(elist);
T->Draw("ntrack");
## TTree Contents
- After executing the Draw command, we can get information about the TTree:
- GetSelectedRows()
- Returns the number of entries accepted by the selection expression.
- GetV1(), GetV2(), GetV3()
- returns a pointer to the float array of the first, second, or third variable (x,y,z)
- GetW()
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
After executing the Draw command, we can get information about the TTree:
- GetSelectedRows () returns the number of entries accepted by the selection expression. In case where no selection was specified, it returns the number of entries processed.
- GetV1() returns a pointer to the float array of the first variable
- GetV2() returns a pointer to the float array of second variable
- GetV3() returns a pointer to the float array of third variable
- GetW() returns a pointer to the float array of Weights where weight equal the result of the selection expression.
To get the fPx array from the tree and loop through the entries from the command line:
T->Draw("ntrack","temp>20.8")
Double_t *a
a = T->GetV1()
{
for (Int_t i =0; i < T->GetSelectedRows() ; i+10)
cout << a[i] << endl;
}
## Introducing MakeClass
- Draw() is powerful and quick.
- What if you would like to plot the masses of all oppositely charged pairs of tracks? You need a loop over all events, find all pairs of tracks, and calculate the required quantities.
- ROOT provides MakeClass to do this
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
The Draw method is convenient and easy to use, however it falls short if you need to do some programming with the variable.
For example, for plotting the masses of all oppositely changed pairs of tracks, you would need to write a program that loops over all events, finds all pairs of tracks, and calculate the required quantities. We have shown how to retrieve the data arrays from the branches of the tree in the previous section, and you could just write that program from scratch.
This is a very common task, and ROOT provides a powerful facility to do most of the book keeping for you in creating a class that has methods to loop through the tree entries. This class makes all this much easier and is automatically generated when calling the TTree::MakeClass method.
We will now go through the steps of using MakeClass with a simplified example. We will show how to plot just the first 100 tracks. The methods used here obviously work for much more complex event loop calculations.
## Using MakeClass
*Scenario: We would like to do selective plotting. For simplicity we choose to plot only the first 100 tracks of each entry*.
*We have a ROOT file with a tree with one branch which has leaves of type "Event". The designer has made the class definition* *available in the shared library libEvent.so and given you the header file Event.h.*
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
The data designer makes a shared library available to you, which defines the classes needed. In this case the classes are Event, EventHeader, and Track. The designer also gives you the Event.h file for you to be able to see the definition of the classes.
To work along with these slides you will need to create several Event.root files. Use the $ROOTSYS/test/Event program to create multiple root files. The output is written in Event.root, so you need to rename the file before running the program again.
> $ROOTSYS/test/Event 100 1 0 1 // a root file with=0 and 100 events
> mv Event.root EventOB.root
> $ROOTSYS/test/Event 40 1 0 1 // a root file with=0 and 40 events
> mv Event.root EventOB40.root
> $ROOTSYS/test/Event 50 1 0 1 // a root file with=0 and 50 events
> mv Event.root EventOB50.root
> $ROOTSYS/test/Event 100 // a root file with split = 1 (default)
Open the root file: EventOB.root
View it in the ROOT Object Browser. You can see that there is only one leaf in the tree (T) and that leaf is called event. If you double click on it nothing happens.
## Event.h
- Event has
- a TClonesArray of Tracks
- GetNtrack() method
- much more ...
- Track has
- a GetPx() method
- much more ...
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Using MakeClass()
- 1. Load the shared library
- root [0].L libEvent.so
- 2. Load the root file
- root [1] TFile *f = new TFile
- ("EventOB.root");
- 3. Call MakeClass root [2] T->MakeClass("MyClass");
- - creates MyClass.C and MyClass.h- where does T come from?
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
To plot only selective entries, we need to loop over all entries in the tree and be able to select the ones we want. ROOT provides a utility that creates a skeleton class to do this: MakeClass()
Step 1: Load the shared library to define the Event and Track classes
root [0] .L libEvent.so
Step 2: Load the root file
root [1] TFile *f = new TFile("EventOB.root");
Step 3: Call MakeClass
root [2] T->MakeClass("MyClass");
This creates 2 files MyClass.h and MyClass.C.
Where does "T" come from? This is the CINT naming feature in action. CINT looks for an object that was created with the name "T" and creates a variable with the same name and class (more on this is session 4). In this example, the root file EventOB.root has a tree in it that is called T. Do a f->ls() and you will see T. This does not work in a compiled program.
## Using MakeClass()
- _MyClass.h and MyClass.C_
- MyClass.h
- contains the class definition of "MyClass"
- MyTree.C
- contains the class implementation of "MyClass"
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Look at MyClass.h and MyClass.C
Note that it declared the leave type Event *event.
## Loading and Using MyClass.C
- Load the macro and create a MyClass object:
- root [0].L libEvent.so
- root [1].L MyClass.C
- root [2] MyClass *m = new MyClass ();
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
To load the macro and create an instance of MyClass:
Step 1 Load the shared library that contains the class definition for Event.
root [0].L libEvent.so
Step 2 Load the macro MyClass.C. This will automatically open the file.
root [1].L MyClass.C
Step 3 Create an instance of MyClass
root [2] MyClass *m = new MyClass();
## GetEntry()
- MyClass::GetEntry()
- root [3] **m->GetEntry(1);**
- root [4] m->event->GetNtrack()
- (Int_t)**597**
- root [5] **m->GetEntry(2);**
- root [6] m->event->GetNtrack()
- (Int_t)**606**
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Load the MyClass.C and execute GetEntry
root [0] .L libEvent.so
root [1] .L MyClass.C
root [2] MyClass *m = new MyClass()
root [3] m->GetEntry(1)
(Int_t)48018
root [4] m->event->GetNtrack()
(Int_t)597
root [5] m->GetEntry(2);
root [6] m->event->GetNtrack()
(Int_t)606
Note: the reason you see a response after m->GetEntry(1) and you see nothing after m->GetEntry(2); is the use of the semicolon. If the semicolon is omitted, CINT will print the output of the method. In this case it is the bytes read. To convince your self try:
root [0] 3+4
(int)7
root [1] 3+4;
root [2]
## Loop()
- MyClass::Loop()
- root [6] **m->Loop();**
- Bytes read: 48492
- Bytes read: 48413
- Bytes read: 48255
- Bytes read: 48413
- Bytes read: 48255
- Bytes read: 48176
- ...
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Add this line to the Loop() to have some output:
cout << " Bytes read: " << nb << endl;
Load the MyClass.C and execute Loop()
root [0] .L libEvent.so
root [1] .L MyClass.C
root [2] MyClass *m = new MyClass();
root [3] m->Loop();
...
Bytes read: 48492
Bytes read: 48413
Bytes read: 48255
Bytes read: 48413
Bytes read: 48255
Bytes read: 48176
## Demo - Expanding Loop()
- _Modifying MyClass::Loop() _
- 1. Create a Track object
** **** **Track *track = 0;
- 2. Create two histograms
- TH1F *myHisto = new TH1F(
- "myHisto","fPx",100,-5,5);
- TH1F *smallHisto = new TH1F(
- "small","fPx 100",100,-5,5);
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Expanding Loop() (cont.)
- 3. In Event loop, get the event branch
- fChain->GetEntry(i);
- 4. And get the number of tracks
- n_Tracks = event->GetNtrack();
- 6. Add track loop
- for (Int_t j = 0; j < n_Tracks; j++){
- track = (Track*) event->GetTracks()->At(j);
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Expanding Loop() (cont.)
- Fill the first histogram with Px
- myHisto->Fill(track->GetPx());
- Add an if statement for the first 100 tracks
- if (j < 100){
- smallHisto->Fill(track->GetPx());
- }
- Outside of the Event loop, draw the histograms
- myHisto->Draw();
- smallHisto->Draw("Same");
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Expanding Loop() (cont.)
- .L libEvent.so
- .L MyClass.C
- MyClass *m = new MyClass();
- m->Loop()
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Chains
- Scenario:
*Perform an analysis using multiple ROOT files. All files are of the same structure and have the same tree.*
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
When the input is to be found in several files containing the same tree, we can use TChain to access the data on the tree in all the files.
## Chains (cont.)
- TChain::Add()
- root [3] TChain chain("T");
- root [4] chain.Add("Event.root")
- root [5] chain.Draw("fTracks.fPx")
- root [6] myCanvas->cd(2);
- root [7] chain.Add("Event50.root")
- root [8] chain.Draw("fTracks.fPx")
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
This example builds a chain with 2 root files that contain the tree "T".
A TChain is a collection of TFile objects. the first parameter "name" is the name of the TTree object in the files added with Add. Use TChain::Add to add a new element to this chain.
Add a new element to this chain. An element can be the name of another chain or the name of a file containing a tree. name may have the following format: //machine/file_name.root/subdir/tree_name machine, subdir and tree_name are optional. If tree_name is missing, the chain name will be assumed.
Step 1: Create a chain and call the Add method:
root [0] TCanvas *myCanvas = new TCanvas (
"myCanvas","My Canvas", 0,0,600,400);
root [1] myCanvas->Divide(2,1);
root [2] myCanvas->cd(1);
root [3] TChain chain("T");
root [4] chain.Add("Event.root")
root [5] chain.Draw("fTracks.fPx")
root [6] myCanvas->cd(2);
root [7] chain.Add("Event50.root")
root [8] chain.Draw("fTracks.fPx")
## Chains (cont.)
- TChain::GetListOf...
- To see the files that are chained
- chain.GetListOfFiles()->Print()
- List the branches and leaves of the chain.
- chain.GetListOfBranches()->Print()
- chain.GetListOfLeaves()->Print()
- TChain::Merge()
- To merge the files in a chain and write them to a new file :
- chain.Merge("all.root")
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 2: To see the files that are chained:
root [9] chain.GetListOfFiles()->Print()
Step 3: List the branches and leaves of the chain.
root [10] chain.GetListOfBranches()->Print() root [11] chain.GetListOfLeaves()->Print()
Step 4: To merge the files in a chain and write them to a new file :
root [12] chain.Merge("all.root")
## Demo: Building Chains
- {
- gROOT->LoadMacro("$ROOTSYS/test/libEvent.so");
- TChain chain("T") ;
- chain->Add("EventOB.root") ;
- chain->Add("EventOB40.root");
- chain->Add("EventOB50.root");
- chain->GetListOfFiles()->Print();
- chain->MakeClass("ChainClass");
- }
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Summary: Trees in Analysis
- From the command line using TTree::Draw()
- Using MakeClass and Loop()
- Using Chains
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Adding Your Own Class
- From the Interpreter
- No I/O
- As a Shared Library
- Full Functionality
- With ACLiC
- Full Functionality
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
There are several ways to add your own class to ROOT and make it available from the command line.
From the Interpreter This is easy, however it is also limiting. Your will not be able to save it to a root file, and you will not be able to use the methods most objects inherit from TObject. For example Inspect(), or Print().
As a Shared Library This option involved building a shared library that contains your class and a class dictionary for CINT. This will allow you to save your class to a root file (it must inherit from TObject), and you will have ROOT's RTTI available for your class.
With ACLiC ACLiC allows you to add your class without a makefile. It is the best of both worlds. A dictionary will be generated, and you do not have worry about building and linking.
## A Class From the Interpreter*
- Define the Class in a Macro IClass.Csee notes below
- Load the Class by Loading the Macroroot [0] .L IClass.C
- Instantiate an IClassroot [1] IClass *ic = new IClass()
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
To add your own class to root from the interpreter you write a macro containing your class. Below is the code that we save in a macro called IClass.C:
#include <iostream.h>
class IClass {
private:
float fX; //x position in centimeters
float fY; //y position in centimeters
public:
IClass() { fX = fY = -1; }
void Print() {cout << "fX = " << fX << ", fY = " << fY << endl;}
void SetX(float x) { fX = x; }
void SetY(float y) { fY = y; }
};
## A Class From the Interpreter
- Use the IClass
- root [2] ic->SetX(3)
- root [3] ic->SetY(500)
- root [4] ic->Print()
- fX = 3, fY = 500
- Cool, but can't save it. We need the Write() method from TObject.
- root [5] ic->Write()
- Error: Can't call IClass::Write() ...
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Now we can load the macro and instantiate an IClass:
root [0] .L IClass.C
root [1] IClass *ic = new IClass()
And we can use it.
root [2] ic->Print()
fX = -1, fY = -1
root [3] ic->SetX(3)
root [4] ic->SetY(500)
root [5] ic->Print()
fX = 3, fY = 500
But we can't save it – ouch!
root [6] ic->Write()
Error: Can't call IClass::Write() in current scope FILE:/var/tmp/daaa08MrC_cint LINE:1
Possible candidates are...
## A Class From a Shared Library
- _Step 1:_
- define your class as a descendent of TObject and write the implementation.
- SClass.h
- #include <iostream.h>
- #include "TObject.h"
- class SClass : public TObject {
- ...
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## A Class From a Shared Library
- _Step 2:_
**ClassDef**(*ClassName,ClassVersionID*)
- At the end of the class definition
**ClassImp**(*ClassName*)
- At the beginning of the implementation file
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Step 2: Add a call to the ClassDef macro to at the end of the class definition (i.e. in the SClass.h file). ClassDef(SClass,1). In case you don't need object I/O you could set ClassVersionID to 0.
Add a call to the ClassImp macro in the implementation file (SClass .cxx). ClassImp(SClass)
SClass.cxx:
#include "SClass.h"
ClassImp (SClass)
void SClass::Print() const {
cout << "fX = " << fX << ", fY = " << fY << endl;
}
## ClassDef and ClassImp*
- ClassDef and ClassImp needed for Object I/O :
- These macros can automatically create:
- Streamer method needed for writing to ROOT files and Trees.
- ShowMembers()
- >> operator overload
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## The LinkDef file
- _Step 3:_
- create a LinkDef.h file
- #ifdef __CINT__
- #pragma link off all globals;
- #pragma link off all classes;
- #pragma link off all functions;
**#pragma link C++ class SClass;**
- #endif
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## The LinkDef Options:
- "-" do not generate a streamer.
**#pragma link C++ class SClass-;**
- Use for objects with customized streamers
- "!" do not generate the operator >>
**#pragma link C++ class SClass-!;**
- Use for classes not inheriting from TObject.
- "+" use the byte count check
**#pragma link C++ class SClass+;**
- !! In ROOT 3 the "+" turns on the new ROOT IO.
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Makefile and rootcint
- _Step 4:_
- Write a Makefile and call rootcint to add your class to the dictionary:
- SClassDict.cxx SClass.h LinkDef.h
- $(ROOTSYS)/bin/**rootcint** -f SClassDict.cxx -c SClass.h LinkDef.h
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## rootcint ...
- LinkDef.h must be the **last** argument on the rootcint command line.
- The LinkDef file name **MUST** contain the string:
- LinkDef.h or linkdef.h, i.e. NA49_LinkDef.h is fine just like, mylinkdef.h.
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Compile and Load
- Compile the class using the Makefile
- gmake –f Makefile.sgikcc
- Load the shared library
- root [0] .L SClass.so
- root [1] SClass *sc = new SClass()
- root [2] TFile *f = new TFile("Afile.root", "UPDATE");
- root [3] sc->Write();
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
Now we can compile the shared library
Then load it on the command line, and instantiate an object of our class. And after opening a file to have a place to save it to, we can write the class to a root file.
## Adding Your Class With ACLiC
- _Step 1: _define your class
**#include "TObject.h"**
- class ABC : public TObject {
- public:
- Float_t a,b,c,p;
- ABC():a(0),b(0),c(0),p(0){};
- **ClassDef(ABC,1)**
- };
**#if !defined(__CINT__) // conditional**
- **ClassImp(ABC);**
- #endif
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
You need to include the header files of the classes you intend to use.
#include "TObject.h"
// define the ABC class and make it inherit from TObject so that we can write ABC to a root file
class ABC : public TObject {
public:
Float_t a,b,c,p;
ABC():a(0),b(0),c(0),p(0){};
// Define the class for the cint dictionary
ClassDef(ABC,1)
};
// Call the ClassImp macro to give the ABC class RTTI and full I/O capabilities.
#if !defined(__CINT__)
ClassImp(ABC);
#endif
To be able to run this macro with ACLiC and the interpreter make the call to ClassImp conditional.
#if !defined(__CINT__)
ClassImp(ABC);
## Adding Your Class With ACLiC*
- _Step 2:_ Load the ABC class in the script.
- Check if ABC is already loaded
- if (!TClassTable::GetDict("ABC")) {
- gSystem->CompileMacro("ABCClass.C");
- }
- Use the Class
- ABC *v = new ABC;
- v->p = (sqrt((v->a * v->a)+
- (v->b * v->b)+(v->c * v->c)));
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
{ // check to see if the class ABC is in the dictionary
// if it is not in the dictionary compile it with ACLiC.
if (!TClassTable::GetDict("ABC")) {
gSystem->CompileMacro("ABCClass.C", "k");
}
// Open the ASCII file for reading
ifstream asciiFile("ABC.txt");
// create a TFile object, using RECREATE to overwrite if it exists
TFile *hfile = new TFile("ABCwithClass.root","RECREATE","Exercise 1");
// create a TTree object with the name T, title : A ROOT tree,
// and the default buffer size of 64 MB
TTree *tree = new TTree("T","A ROOT tree");
// create an ABC object. This must be on the heap to be added to the tree correctly.
ABC *v = new ABC;
... SEE NEXT PAGE
## Adding Your Class With ACLiC
- _Step 3:_ Run ABCWriteClass.C
- root[0] .X ABCWriteClass.C
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
**Notes:**
CONTINUED ...
// add a branch called abcBranch, it contains ABCSTURCTURE , and the
// leaves are: a,b,c. add another branch for the lenght of this vectorv
TBranch *abcBranch = tree->Branch("abcBranch","ABC",&v);
while (asciiFile >> v->a >> v->b >> v->c) {
v->p = (sqrt((v->a * v->a)+(v->b * v->b)+(v->c * v->c)));
tree->Fill();
}
hfile->Write();
// Draw the tree
TCanvas *myCanvas = new TCanvas ("myCanvas","My Canvas", 0,0,600,400);
myCanvas->Divide(2,2);
myCanvas->cd(1); tree->Draw("a");
myCanvas->cd(2); tree->Draw("b");
myCanvas->cd(3); tree->Draw("c");
myCanvas->cd(4); tree->Draw("p");
}
## Summary: How Add your own Class
- From the Interpreter
- As a Shared Library
- With ACLiC
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Wrap Up
- Questions ?
- Feedback Forms
**Vote** on importance of subject (no recounts)
- _[http://](http://patwww/root/class/survey/vote.html)__[www-pat.fnal.gov/root](http://www-pat.fnal.gov/root)_/_[class/survey/vote.html](http://root.cern.ch/root/htmldoc/ListOfTypes.html#Int_t)_
- More information:
- _[http://www-pat.fnal.gov/root](http://www-pat.fnal.gov/root)_/
- http://root.cern.ch
- roottalk@root.cern.ch
- about-root@fnal.gov
- http://ods.fnal.gov/ods/root-eval
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## ROOT User's Workshop
- Fermilab
- June 13-15, 2001
- http://patwww/root/root2001/
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek
## Solutions to the Exercises
- http://patwww.fnal.gov/root/class/solutions.htm
- ROOT Day3, Suzanne Panacek | en |
markdown | 142414 | # Presentation: 142414
## LQ R&D Plans (focused on Magnet Structure) Giorgio Ambrosio
_**LQ R&D Plans **_**(focused on Magnet Structure)**** *****Giorgio Ambrosio***
***Long Quad Magnet Structure Review ***
***Nov. 28-29, 2007 ***
- OUTLINE:
- LQ support structure plans
- LQ coil fabrication plans
- Risk analysis
- Schedule and budget
## Advantages of each structure
**Each TQ structure has unique advantages:**
**Partial list of features that could benefit to the LQ plan**
**Shell-based structure:**
- - TQS02 exceeded the 200 T/m goal with ~10% margin (4.5 K)
- - Very short magnet assembly/disassembly time
- Attractive features for LQ01
**Collar-based structure:**
- - All TQC models reached 200 T/m
- - Can provide short-term test of long Nb3Sn coil alignment
- Attractive for LQ02/3
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Plan Overview
**LQ01 with ****shell-based structure**
- Achieve LQ target gradient with structure allowing quick exchange of coils (if needed)
**LQ02 with ****collars-based structure****, with LQ01 coils**
- Demonstrate more accelerator magnet features with long Nb3Sn coils
- Significant savings by reusing LQ01 coils
**LQ03 with ****shell-based structure ****if LQ01 will be successful**
- Demonstrate reproducibility using new coils
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Plan - I
**LQ01 (****shell-based structure****) plan:**
- Structure design, fabrication, assembly with dummy coils at LBNL
- Test at LN with dummy coils of short model (LBNL), or whole structure (BNL) - (FY08 contingency)
- LQ01 assembly at BNL (FY08 cont. or FY09)
- LQ01 test at 4.5 K at BNL
- Shipment of LQ01 to FNAL
- Possible test at 2.5 K (1.9 K) at FNAL
- Presently has low probability
- Disassembly at FNAL
- FY08
- FY09
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Plan - II
**LQ02 (****collar-based structure****) plan:**
- Long-lead items procurement at FNAL (FY08)
- Structure procurement at FNAL (FY08 contingency)
- Assembly using LQ01 coils at FNAL
- Test at 4.5 K and 2.5 K, (1.9K) at FNAL
**LQ03 plan:**
- Structure will depend on LQ01 (LQ02) results
- New coils
- FY08
- FY09
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Coil Fabrication Plans
**I would like 8 coils available for LQ01 **
- Spare set in case of damage to 1st set during magnet assembly or operation (QP failure)
- Spare coils available in case of LQ limited by poorly performing coil(s)
**Two coil fabrication lines (at least Rect&Imp)**
- Avoid risk of long delays in case of equipment failure or reduced availability
- Build larger flexibility for LARP magnet R&D
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Coil Fabrication Plans - II
**$5M cap FY08 plan:**
- 6 coils: Wind&Cure at FNAL
- 4 coils: React&Impr at FNAL
- 2 coils: React&Impr at BNL
- 1 Practice coil at FNAL, 1 Practice coil at BNL
**$1.5M contingency: **
- Use will be considered for Q3 and Q4
- Coils 7 and 8
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Advantages of Proposed Plan
**Larger probability of success**** within FY09 by developing both structures**
- See risk management
**We are building a ****large and unique set of expertise and experimental data**** for the design of the structure for the LHC ****phase-II upgrade**
**All 3 labs are strongly involved with this plan**
- the best intellectual contribution from all experts
- very high level of internal scrutiny
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Risk Analysis - I
**The shell-based structure (LQ01) has some modifications and new features with respect to TQS models. Risks and probability:**
- Failure: Low
- Large experience and expertise with shell-structures and the LRs
- Test with dummy coils (FY08 contingency)
- Limited performance: Medium
- Modifications are mainly on the cross-section, and we have a good understanding 2D FEM analysis
- Possible unexpected scale up issues
- Delays: Medium-High
- Schedule is tight, there are new parts, and some assembly procedures are different from those used for LRS02 and the TQS
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Risk Analysis - II
**LQ02 will use a collar-based structure, TQC models have not exceeded 200 T/m. Risks and probability:**
- Failure: Low
- Same design and procedures of TQC models
- Limited Performance: Medium
- All TQC models reached 200 T/m
- The introduction of coil alignment features increases this risk (successful test in future TQCs may reduce it)
- Delays: Medium-Low
- Same parts and procedures used for TQC models, applied to long coils
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Risk Analysis - III
**The plan to use LQ01 coils in LQ02 has some risks because coils could be damaged or degraded**
- Limited performance: Medium-low
- The possibility of TQSTQC coil exchange was successfully proven by TQC01b and TQC02E
- Modifications TQSLQS structure should reduce the risk of permanent degradation (high stress in outer layer)
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Risk Management Features - I
**Collar-based structure**** available by the end of FY08**
- When making plans for FY09 we will be able to assess the status of the shell-based structure and adjust plans in case of large delays
**Availability of ****4 spare coils**** by LQ01 test date provide options in case of limited performance of LQ01:**
- Replace limiting coils and repeat the test
- If limited performance due to some coils
- Move to LQ02 with new coils
- If limited performance due to structure/assembly
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Risk Management Features - II
**Use of coil-alignment features in LQ02 will be ****based on performance**** of LQ01 and future TQC models**
- In case of successful LQ01 we can take more risks with LQ02, otherwise we will be very conservative
**Choice of LQ03 structure will be ****based on LQ01 performance**** **
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Notes
**The LARP magnet R&D has some delays**
- LQ practice coils will be completed in March 08
- No TQ03 series
** ****we still want to meet the 2009 deadline**
****** ****need to invest ****“more” resources**** in the LQ**
- Implemented through the risk management features of the proposed plan
**The “proposed plan” allowed us to start FY08 with a plan**
- We have developed detailed budget, schedule, task sheets
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Schedule & Budget
- FY08 budget (without contingency): $3.4M
- | 2008 | 2009 |
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## Extra slides
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## FY08 Long Quad Organization
**LQ raised to L2 area**
**LQ should be a “****projectized task****”**
- Weekly conf-calls to check progress, and discuss problems and next steps
- Task sheets used as MOU between LARP and the Labs.
- Tasks made of sub-tasks with start/end dates, budget, and resources
- Budget officer will generate expected spending profile (M&S and labor at each lab), and compare monthly expenses
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP
## LQ Task Sheets
- Nb3Sn Technology Scale-up for LARP | en |
converted_docs | 508236 | A Cooperative Agreement is the basis for developing mutual understanding
and respective responsibilities between NOAA and a qualifying
educational institution in the employment of students for the Student
Career Experience Program (SCEP). The SCEP is a planned, progressive
educational program that provides for the integration of a student's
academic studies and Federal work experience with the potential of
non-competitive conversion into the Federal career service.
Institution: University of Maryland - Eastern Shore
Institution Contact: Dr. Joseph Okoh
Chairman
Department of Natural Sciences
Backbone Rd.
Princess Anne, MD 21853-1299
\(410\) 651-6040
| en |
converted_docs | 274621 | {width="5.995833333333334in"
height="0.9319444444444445in"}
# FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
> December 3, 2007
## Vets, Military Receive Faster Education Benefits
> ***VA Pledges Continuing Improvements***
>
> WASHINGTON -- The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced today
> it has dramatically improved its ability to process applications for
> GI Bill education benefits from veterans and servicemembers.
>
> "Our processing time is good, and it's going to continue to get
> better," said Acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs Gordon H.
> Mansfield. "These improvements come despite a 40 percent increase in
> applications for GI Bill benefits since 2001."
>
> For first-time recipients of educational benefits, the average
> processing time decreased from 40 days in 2006 to 32 days in 2007.
> Claims from veterans reenrolling for subsequent school terms or
> additional training programs were processed in an average of 13 days,
> down from 20 days in 2006.
>
> VA developed short-term strategies for immediately processing more
> claims.
>
> As an example, VA created a temporary call center in late 2006 to
> respond to customer service calls, freeing additional employees to
> process education claims. The center's success led VA to develop plans
> for a permanent call center, scheduled to open in early 2008 at VA's
> Regional Processing Office in Muskogee, Oklahoma.
>
> VA has also developed programs that promote self-service among GI Bill
> users. Services that once demanded the attention of VA employees \--
> from enrolling in direct deposit to updating contact information \--
> can now be performed online. In October 2007 alone, veterans and
> servicemembers completed more than 10,000 self-service transactions.
>
> **-More-**
### Education Benefits 2/2/2/2
> VA has also expanded its self-servicing approach to school officials,
> many of whom now submit veterans' enrollment information
> electronically. VA uses this electronically submitted data to process
> automatically more than 100,000 of the more than 1.5 million education
> claims received in fiscal year 2007.
>
> While these accomplishments are significant, VA remains committed to
> continued improvement in the delivery of education benefits. The
> Department's performance goals are aggressive, calling for 20 percent
> reductions in processing time during the next year.
>
> "VA is on the right track, as demonstrated by processing times last
> month of 26 days for initial applications and 10 days for
> reenrollments," said Keith Wilson, Director of VA's Education Service.
> "There are a lot of folks who share in our success, none more central
> than the hardworking employees at our Regional Processing Offices."
>
> In 2007, 524,000 veterans and beneficiaries received approximately
> \$21 billion dollars of education assistance. Since 1944, more than
> 21.4 million veterans and their beneficiaries have received GI Bill
> benefits.
>
> VA education benefits include Montgomery GI Bill for active duty
> personnel, Montgomery GI Bill for Selected Reserves, the Reservist
> Education Assistance Program and educational assistance for survivors
> and dependents.
>
> For more information on VA education benefits, go to VA's education
> Web site at: [http://www.gibill.va.gov](http://www.gibill.va.gov/).
>
> [\# \# \#]{.smallcaps}
>
> For the latest news releases and other information, visit VA on the
> Internet at
>
> **<http://www.va.gov/opa>.**
>
> To receive e-mail copies of news releases, subscribe to VA's list
> server at:
# <http://www.va.gov/opa/pressrel/opalist_listserv.cfm>.
| en |
log-files | 219379 | <!-- Title: Owl shift. Fri Jun 1, 2001 -->
<!-- SciCo: None -->
<!-- DAQAce: Aaron, Yanwen -->
<!-- MonAce: Michael Riveline -->
<!-- CO: -->
<!-- OpManager: -->
<!-- Notes: -->
<pre>Try to run with as much of the detector as possible.
Take calibrations.
Take long cosmic runs using COSMIC_1[3,126]
</pre>
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 01:04:38 2001 -->
Inherited cosmics run from previous shift which includes almost
all available crates (except IMU01, and of course no SVX).
Will try to take about 10^6 events and then do calibrations.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116441' target=_top>116441</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 01:28:41 2001 -->
<pre>COT high voltage testing completed at 1:22AM. COT was at 100% for approximately 1.5hours. High voltage turned off and locked out.</pre>
<!-- Author: Aseet Mukherjee -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 01:50:46 2001 -->
<pre> From (East) Plug closing at 15:00, until 24:00, Carl Bromberg and Gene Flanagan (Michigan State University) installed 72 TSU counters between the steel slabs of the East toroid. All counters have been cabled. All counters show readout of PAD (post-PMT Amplifer & Discriminator) current, through the CCU (48 channel Control & Concentrator Unit). Tomorrow morning, signal checks will be made. We hope to complete these checks by the end of access on Friday. The power relay in CCU17 (SE toroid TSU counters) does not always stay on. A spare will not be available until early next week.
At some point the TSU counter positions should be surveyed. Due to irregularities in the toroid iron surface, and radius, some counters had to be displaced (< 1") from their nominal mounting points. </pre>
<!-- Author: Carl Bromberg -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 02:55:47 2001 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1012&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1012 width='300' align='top'></td><td>After ~938k events, we got a done timeout from the hadron tdc crate. HRR fixed it. Here is the error message.</a></td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: Aaron -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 03:10:24 2001 -->
<pre>End Run 116441 with 1002987 events
COSMIC_1[3,126]</pre>
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116441' target=_top>116441</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 03:43:09 2001 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1013&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1013 width='300' align='top'></td><td>Run 116442 Calorimeter QIE Calib. </a></td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: Yanwen -->
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 03;44;12 comment by...Aaron -->
ADMEM in ccal03 failed QIE calibration.
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 03:55:30 2001 -->
<table border=0><td><tr><td bgcolor=#e0e030><pre>Run 116443. LED Calib. No error message seen.
But, after 'End->IDLE'
1 crate/s : b0ccal04(4), in error.[RXPT]</pre></td></tr></td></table>
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116443' target=_top>116443</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:02:39 2001 -->
<pre>We can not do Xenon Calib. because Aaron forgot the passwd.</pre>
<!-- Author: Yanwen -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:11:47 2001 -->
Got message that CLC Qie calibration failed.
Try again.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116445' target=_top>116445</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 04;22;31 comment by...Aaron -->
<pre>
******************* Start of FAILURE messages ************** VALUE CAP RANGE**
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 1 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 12.8131) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 2 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 18.5518) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 3 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 1.0287) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 4 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 1.5909) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 5 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 12.3985) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 6 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 1.6580) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 7 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 1.9111) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 8 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 1.6102) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE= 9 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 14.2262) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE=11 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 11.1872) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE=12 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 20.6083) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=16 QIE=13 Failure 14: Sigma(offset) too big ( 15.0092) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 0 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 31.9158) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 1 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 36.3168) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 4 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 26.2297) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 5 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 19.4673) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 8 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 41.7117) ( 0) ( 0) *
* ADMEM=17 QIE= 9 Failure 6: Raw pedestal RMS TOO big ( 37.4779) ( 0) ( 0) *
******************* End of FAILURE messages *************************************
</pre>
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 04;23;05 comment by...Aaron -->
Next run, 116446 also had same problem.
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 07;12;50 comment by...R.J. Tesarek -->
These detectors are fairly noisy. All the above messages are
a by product of that noise. Tollerances for failures for these
ADMEMs need to be updated to accomodate this.
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:21:33 2001 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1014&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2001&action=view&page=-1014 width='300' align='top'></td><td>CLC Calibration failed. (Run 116445,116446)</a></td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: Yanwen -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:26:05 2001 -->
Key number 87 returned.
<!-- Author: Juan Pablo Fernandez -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:30:33 2001 -->
<pre>Run116447. COT Calibration done: no error message seen. </pre>
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116447' target=_top>116447</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 04:54:07 2001 -->
<pre>CMX00 failed to coldstart for calibration. Tried twice and
then rebooted it.
Then, the calibration run was able to start, but it died with
the following message (this is from console while logged into cmx00)
Monitor: readout/sent rate 2.1 Hz / 2.1 Hz, cur evt is 16096 bytes
Runtime Error 0: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x2804a4d, evt=78
Runtime Error 1: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x280514e, evt=78
Runtime Error 2: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x8280693f, evt=78
Runtime Error 3: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x82006141, evt=78
Runtime Error 4: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x3c04267, evt=78
Runtime Error 5: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x3c0524e, evt=78
Runtime Error 6: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x83c0d940, evt=78
Runtime Error 7: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x3404a52, evt=78
Runtime Error 8: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x83405945, evt=78
Runtime Error 9: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x2c05a4d, evt=78
Runtime Error 10: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x2c041e1, evt=78
Runtime Error 11: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x82c0793c, evt=78
Runtime Error 12: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x2402251, evt=78
Runtime Error 13: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x2401955, evt=78
Runtime Error 14: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x82406941, evt=78
Runtime Error 15: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x1801957, evt=78
Runtime Error 16: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x180294f, evt=78
Runtime Error 17: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x81805140, evt=78
Runtime Error 18: TDC_readAllFifo: slot=7 No valid header, 0x8100613e, evt=78
TRACER_enableDone: Front End Fatal Error (-1): Tracer done not set
</pre>
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116450' target=_top>116450</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 04;55;17 comment by...Aaron -->
Giving up.
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 05:15:16 2001 -->
<pre>Run116451,ran, noticed something gone to database.
But RC never arrived DONE from CALIBRATING, declared ERROR instead.
</pre>
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116451' target=_top>116451</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 05:22:23 2001 -->
Realized a mistake in the previous configuration.
Corrected 'Generic Calibraion' to "QIE Calibration' , try again
the SMX calib. Succeeded..
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?115452' target=_top>115452</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 05:27:18 2001 -->
Got cryo alarms at 05:26 which were instantly silenced by techs.
<!-- Author: Aaron -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 05:29:32 2001 -->
TOF Calibration, no error message seen.
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116453' target=_top>116453</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 05:42:09 2001 -->
taken ~36k events of ACE_CALORIMETER_MINIMAL.(Rick's run).
<!-- Author: Yanwen :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116454' target=_top>116454</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 06:04:02 2001 -->
Restarting cosmics run (saved as config file ACE_JUN_1).
On first event, got a done timeout from hadron tdc.
(See previous cosmics run)
HRR fixed it.
Let this run until end of shift.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116455' target=_top>116455</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 06:35:48 2001 -->
COTW turned off by techs.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116455' target=_top>116455</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:05:05 2001 -->
<pre>rc gave a java out of memory error:
2001.06.01 07:01:59 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" 2001.06.01 07:03:02 java.lang.OutOfMemoryE
rror
Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" 2001.06.01 07:03:03 java.lang.OutOfMemoryE
rror
2001.06.01 07:03:03 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
2001.06.01 07:03:03 Exception occurred during event dispatching:
2001.06.01 07:03:03 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" 2001.06.01 07:03:05 java.lang.OutOfMemoryE
rror
Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exceptionin thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread"AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif
" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exceptio
n in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in thread "AWT-Motif" Exception in threa</pre>
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116455' target=_top>116455</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:18:35 2001 -->
Restarted rc and cosmucs run.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116456' target=_top>116456</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Fri Jun 1 07;33;24 comment by...Aaron -->
Ended after 105631 events to give CMX00 to expert.
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:35:47 2001 -->
Released all CCAL crates to Rick so he can look at strange Qie
problems.
<!-- Author: Aaron -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:51:59 2001 -->
Restarted cosmics run sans ccal03, which Rick has.
<!-- Author: Aaron :: (run <a href='/cgi-bin/runSummaryRun.cgi?116457' target=_top>116457</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:52:24 2001 -->
Someone configured the SciCo's Netscape to print to the color printer by default. I set it back to the usual printer.
<!-- Author: Tom LeCompte -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 07:59:53 2001 -->
<br><b>b0ccal03, ADMEM problems:</b>
<br>Looking into the problem observed during the QIE calibration,
I found that a single channel appears to have a QIE chip malfunctioning. This will need to be replaced while we still have access. Details may be found in the
<a href="/cgi/elog/det-system-elog.pl?nb=wedge&action=copyentry&page=59&time=07:54:59"> wedge e-log.</a>
<br>
<!-- Author: R.J. Tesarek -->
<!-- Date: Fri Jun 1 08:02:09 2001 -->
<font color=red>Shift Summary: </font><pre>End of shift. Now lets get some beam!!!</pre>
<!-- Author: Aaron -->
| en |
all-txt-docs | 112345 | TITLE
Rapid Follow-Up Gamma-Ray Burst Locations from BATSE
AUTHORS
\author{R.M. Kippen, G.N. Pendleton}
\affil{UAH, NASA/MSFC}
\author{V. Connaughton}
\affil{NRC, NASA/MSFC}
\author{G.J. Fishman, C.A. Meegan}
\affil{NASA/MSFC}
\author{S.D. Barthelmy}
\affil{USRA, NASA/GSFC}
\author{C. Robinson, C. Kouveliotou}
\affil{USRA, NASA/MSFC}
ABSTRACT
The recent breakthrough discovery of a weak, fading x-ray/optical
source possibly associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB 970228)
highlights the critical need for rapid and accurate burst locations.
While this need has long been recognized by GRB researchers, its
realization has been difficult to achieve technically. For the past
four years the BACODINE system has been providing roughly-determined
(accurate to $\sim$4 degrees, at best) BATSE burst locations in
near-real-time (a few seconds) to a network of counterpart searchers.
Unfortunately, BACODINE locations are too inaccurate to allow
sensitive follow-up observations with current instruments. To
facilitate sensitive and timely counterpart search efforts, we have
developed the BATSE Rapid Burst Response (RBR) system, which provides
locations with improved accuracy ($\sim$2 degrees) for several GRBs
per month within $\sim$10--30 minutes of burst onset. The BATSE RBR
system uses continuous real-time telemetry data, captured by BACODINE
and transferred to NASA/MSFC, where the burst location algorithm
employed for ``best and final'' BATSE locations is applied. The
improved burst locations are then distributed to observers through the
existing BACODINE world-wide network. The BATSE RBR system, combined
with wide-field or scanning instruments, offers a good chance of
detecting fading x-ray/optical counterparts if their lightcurves are
similar to the recently discovered object. A coordinated follow-up
effort using the RXTE-PCA is in progress which could localize fading
x-ray emission to $\sim$0.1 degrees within a day. We will discuss the
operation and performance of the new BATSE RBR system with particular
emphasis on measures of burst location accuracy.
-eof- | en |
all-txt-docs | 154854 | Concerning NIMS, ICS and Plain Language ...
Recently NIMS, ICS and the use of plain language have been a matter of public discussion
within the response community. The NIMS Integration Center wants you to know that it sees
the use of plain language in emergency response situations as matter of public safety, especially
the safety of first responders and those affected by the incident.
It is critical that all local responders, as well as those coming into the impacted area from other
jurisdictions and other states, know and utilize commonly established operational structures,
terminology, policies and procedures. This is what NIMS and the Incident Command System
(ICS) are all about. There are larger matters at stake here - achieving interoperability across
jurisdictions and disciplines.
The plain language requirement is about the ability of area commanders, state and local EOC
personnel, federal operational coordinators, and responders to communicate clearly with each
other and effectively coordinate response activities, no matter what the size, scope or complexity
of the incident. The ability of responders from different jurisdictions and different disciplines to
work together depends greatly on their ability to communicate with each other. Everyone has to
speak the same language - plain English.
Although the use of plain language is a requirement for FY06 compliance with NIMS, we
understand that the use of 10-codes is not going to be completely eliminated by October 2006.
Our goal is that good faith efforts are under way at all levels nationwide to move to plain English
for all emergency operations. At the end of FY06, the states will certify to us that "taken as a
whole" they and their local jurisdictions are NIMS compliant. Local jurisdictions will be working
with their states to achieve compliance.
NIMS implementation is a long-term effort and won't end in 2006. NIMS compliance
requirements aren't going to go away in 2007 or 2008 either. However, continued resistance to
complying with NIMS requirements and use plain language will result in the loss of federal
preparedness funding.
The NIMS Integration Center
DHS/FEMA
Aug. 23, 2005
| en |
converted_docs | 125036 | FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: News Media Contact:
January 11, 2001 Mark Rubin: 202-418-2924
E-mail: [mru](mailto:mrubin@fcc.gov)bin@fcc.gov
##
## FCC ADOPTS INTEROPERABILITY STANDARD
## TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SAFETY COMMUNICATIONS
## BETWEEN DIFFERENT AGENCIES
Washington, DC - The Federal Communications Commission adopted a *Fourth
Report and Order* (*Fourth R&O) and Fifth Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
(Fifth Notice)* today, establishing a framework and issuing guidance
that will allow public safety officials throughout the country to
communicate with each other on designated *interoperability* channels in
the 700 MHz band. This interoperability is essential when different
public safety agencies respond to emergencies using
otherwise-incompatible equipment. The Commission has long noted that the
inability of different public safety agencies to efficiently communicate
with one another was a concern for the public safety community.
Establishing rules for the interoperability channels on the 700 MHz band
will help prevent a physical disaster from becoming a communications
disaster.
In the *Fourth R&O*, the Commission adopted Project 25 Phase I as the
voice standard for communications on the 700 MHz band interoperability
channels, which are channels specifically set aside to allow different
public safety entities to communicate with one another. The Public
Safety National Coordination Committee (NCC), a group chartered under
the Federal Advisory Committee Act to advise the Commission on various
issues related to the 700 MHz public safety band, recommended the
adoption of the Project 25 Phase I standard. This standard will ensure
that all radios with voice capability on the 700 MHz band will have the
ability to communicate with each other on designated interoperability
channels. The Commission also adopted the data standard incorporated in
the Project 25 suite of standards for data communications on the 700 MHz
band interoperability channels. These channels will allow public safety
entities, such as police and fire departments, to send status messages
or short E-mails to one another. By adopting the Project 25 Phase I
standard, the Commission promotes the development of public safety
equipment in the 700 MHz band and facilitates the effective use of that
band by public safety entities.
In a related matter, in the *Fifth Notice*, the Commission seeks comment
on the issue of migration to an efficiency standard of one voice path
per 6.25 kHz on the General Use channels. Because the Commission
believes that eventual adoption of such an efficiency standard would be
in the public interest, it seeks further comment on the proper migration
path to a 6.25 kHz efficiency standard. To encourage early use of the
700 MHz spectrum, the Commission concluded in the *Fourth R&O* that (1)
the earliest date the Commission would require 6.25 kHz technology would
be December 31, 2005, (2) any 12.5 kHz-based systems constructed and
placed in operation prior to December 31, 2005 will be able to continue
to purchase and deploy 12.5 kHz equipment for system expansion or
maintenance, and (3) any 12.5 kHz systems constructed and placed in
operation prior to December 31, 2005 will not be required to cease
operations and convert to 6.25 kHz technology prior to December 31,
2015, at the earliest.
The Commission also took other actions to facilitate interoperability in
the 700 MHz band. Given the primary role the states have in responding
to disaster situations, the Commission concluded that states should
develop and administer plans for using the interoperability channels. In
the event a state is unable to develop and administer an
interoperability plan, the state may delegate this function to the 700
MHz band Regional Planning Committee (RPC). The Commission also
established other technical and operational requirements for the 700 MHz
spectrum.
Action by the Commission January 11, 2001, by Fourth Report and Order
and Fifth Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FCC 01-10). Chairman Kennard,
Commissioners Ness, Furchtgott-Roth, Powell, and Tristani.
Staff contact: John Schauble at (202) 418-0797, e-mail:
[jschaubl@fcc.gov](../jschaubl@fcc.gov)
WT Docket No. 96-86
\- FCC -
| en |
converted_docs | 029152 | COURTNEY RANKIN
**Assistant Professor of English**
**American Public University System**
**Charles Town, West Virginia**
**and**
**Adjunct Professor**
**Fort Hays State University**
**Hays, Kansas**
**courtandty@ucom.net**
Ms. Courtney Rankin is an Assistant Professor of English at American
Public University System in Charles Town, West Virginia, and an Adjunct
Professor of English at Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas. She
has been teaching for 13 years and at the college level for nearly 9
years.
Ms. Rankin's experience includes the traditional classroom and
Interactive Television as well as the virtual. She teaches composition
and literature classes. Despite the numerous conferences and workshops
she has attended, Ms. Rankin's true calling is teaching. She teaches
some 650 students per year, reading and grading 12,000 pages of student
work each year. She is responsible for developing several different
literature courses including one called *Folklore of the World*, and she
is currently developing a new course based on King Arthur legends
tentatively called *King Arthur: Medieval Gangsta and his Possy.*
Ms. Rankin teaches a variety of students, but she primarily serves those
who serve the United States in the Armed Forces. For Ms. Rankin,
teaching is not just a job; it is a calling, a passion, an obsession, a
fascination, a way of life.
Ms. Rankin holds a B.A. in history from the University of Texas and an
M.A. in English from Fort Hays State University. She has begun her Ph.D.
in literature and criticism at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
| en |
markdown | 806980 | # Presentation: 806980
## Application of Glauber Model in d+Au Collisions
- M.L. Miller, Yale University
- (with help from K. Reygers, D. Morrison)
## Outline
- Importance of Glauber calculations
- Methods/Specifics of calculations
- Systematics
- Application in d+Au
- Summary
## RAA and High pT Suppression
- High *p**T** *suppression: post hard-scattering phenomenon
*N**coll*: total number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon interactions
| Class | Ncoll |
| --- | --- |
| 0-5%
Au+Au | 1051 71 |
| 60-80%
Au+Au | 21 7 |
| 0-100%
d+Au | 7.5 0.4 |
- PRL. **91**, 172302 (2003)
- PRL. **91**, 072304 (2003)
## Centrality: Experimental Control
**Particle production scales with increasing centrality**
## Centrality: Experimental Control
**Particle production scales with increasing centrality**
- PHENIX
## Definitions
## Glauber Model Assumptions
- Geometrical picture of nucleus-nucleus collision
- Nucleons follow straight line trajectories
*All* nucleon-nucleon interactions occur with constant probability
- Nuclear density profile:
- Woods-Saxon (Au)
- Hulthen (deuteron)
- n-n Interaction Probability:
- inel40-42 mb
- Analytic calculation (Optical)
- Monte Carlo
## Au+Au: Calculation Method
## Mapping Ncharge to Npart
- Calculated
- Measured
## Optical vs. Monte Carlo
- Primary difference in differential cross section.
- Ncoll(b), Npart(b) approximately unaffected.
- PHENIX, K. Reygers
- Test dependence on nucleon-nucleon (nn) interaction
- Hard sphere
- Gray disk
- Gaussian
## Cross Section: Systematics
- PHENIX, K. Reygers
- Au+Au, 200 GeV
- Density Profile
- n-n interaction
- n-n interaction
## <Ncoll>: Systematics
- PHENIX, K. Reygers
- Au+Au, 200 GeV, 0-10% Central
- Experimental
- n-n interaction
- Experimental
- Density profile
- n-n interaction
## <Ncoll>: Systematics
- PHENIX, K. Reygers
- Au+Au, 200 GeV, 0-10% Central
- Density profile dominant uncertainty
## <Ncoll>: Systematics
- Au+Au, 200 GeV, 70-92% Central
- PHENIX, K. Reygers
- Experimental
- n-n interaction
- Experimental
- Density profile
- n-n interaction
## Au+Au Glauber Summary
- Monte Carlo vs. Optical
- Total cross section depends on nn-interaction probability distribution
- Central collisions:
- Ncoll systematics dominated by W.S., *inel*
- TAA “self-normalizing”
- Peripheral collisions (the p+p limit):
- Ncoll, TAA systematics dominated by experimental considerations
- Autocorrelations, trigger biases become important
## “Centrality Selection” in p+p
- <*p**T*> and sum-*p**T* increase with Nch (centrality)
- STAR Preliminary
## Centrality Selection” in p+p
- Increased energy, multiplicity contained in near/away jet cones
- STAR Preliminary
- CDF: PRD, **65**, 092002 (2002)
- ||<1 , Charged hadrons only
## Avoiding “Trigger Bias” in d+Au
- Different experimental triggers at RHIC
- STAR min-bias: ZDC-Au (953% of hadronic)
- Study high *p**T* production for midrapidity
- ||<1
- STAR TPC
- Define centrality using forward region
- 2.8<<3.8 (Au fragmentation region)
- STAR Forward TPC
- Already measured for p+p at UA5
- Cross-checks:
- Forward multiplicity studied vs. w.r.t. leading TPC hadron: Nch(2.8<<3.8 ) stable vs. leading particle *p**T*
- Tag single neutron in the ZDC-deuteron direction
## Application to d+Au
- MC distribute 197 nucleons for Au nucleus
- MC distribute proton of d
- Place neutron of d accordingly
- MC sample impact parameter distribution
- Interact nucleons
- Simulate Nch distribution in 2.8<<3.8 (Au-direction)
- Repeat
- Hulthen Distribution
- 0-20% class: fluctuations decrease Ncoll from 16.5 to 15.1
- 0-100% class: no change
## Simulating Nch in d+Au
- Assume Npart(Au) scaling
- Use measured pp multiplicity distribution
- Include FTPC efficiency (83%)
- But, UA5 measured NSD (2 “beam-jets”)
- FTPC-Au only requires 1 “beam jet”
- Only apply UA5 Neg. Binomial for NSD events Correction factor
## Simulating Nch in d+Au
| Class | Ncoll |
| --- | --- |
| 0-100%
d+Au | 7.5 0.4 |
| 0-20%
d+Au | 15.0 1.1 |
| 1-neut.
d+Au | 2.9 0.2 |
**Selecting significantly different event classes**
- PRL. **91**, 072304 (2003)
- Simulating Nch in d+Au
## Summary
- Au+Au:
- Systematics well understood
- *inel *: sensitive to n-n interaction
- d+Au
- Glauber+UA5 agrees with forward Nch
- Robust selection of different centrality classes
- Consistency in N*coll* calc.
- PHENIX agrees with STAR
- Minbias: 7.5 vs. 8.4 diff. due to trigger efficiencies
- Geometrical approach
- Assumptions?
- No dynamics!
- Straight line trajectories
- No nucleon excitation
- No explicit *p**T* dependence
- Assumptions most robust in central Au+Au
- Correlations/fluctuations become important in p+p limit
## Centrality Selection” in p+p
## Centrality Selection” in p+p
## Centrality: d+Au Collisions
- No background subtraction
- Central: top 20% of -3.8<η<-2.8 uncorrected multiplicity
**Back-to-back jets are *****not***** suppressed in central *****d+Au***
_**underlying event**_: *p+p* *d+Au* minbias *d+Au* central
- _**near-side**_: correlation strength and width similar
- _**away-side**_: *d+Au* peak broader but with little centrality dependence
## Centrality Selection” in p+p
- Increased energy, multiplicity contained in near/away jet cones
- STAR Preliminary
- ||<1 , Charged hadrons only | en |
all-txt-docs | 514317 | FLORIDA KEYS AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL
945 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
.CURRENTLY....
ATLANTIC SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE HAS FINALLY BEGUN TO WEAKEN SOME..
ALLOWING PRESSURE GRADIENT OVER THE KEYS A RELAX A LITTLE THE PAST
2-3 HOURS. SURFACE WINDS AT REEF C-MAN SITES ARE NOW NEAR 15 KT
SUSTAINED INSTEAD TO IN THE 15-20 KT RANGE...WHILE GUSTS ARE 20 KT
OR LESS. A WEAK SECONDARY HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE IN THE GULF HAS NOSED
TOWARD THE LOWER KEYS...TURNING WINDS A KEY WEST TO DRY TORTUGAS TO
THE NE THE PAST 2 HOURS. MEANWHILE ALOFT...WINDS HAVE VEERED TO SE
AT LEVELS 4-9 THSD FT...AND MAY BE MORE SOUTHERLY ABOVE THAT. CLOUDS
HAVE INCREASED GREATLY OVER THE KEYS AND WATERS SINCE SUNSET...WITH
CEILINGS MEASURED AT 6-7 THSD FT OVER KEY WEST AND MARATHON. DOPPLER
RADAR IS STILL IN CLEAR AIR MODE...BUT IS INDICATING NEWLY DEVELOPING
RAIN SHOWERS IN A SE-NW ORIENTED BAND OVER THE STRAITS SOUTH OF THE
LOWER KEYS.
.SHORT TERM FORECAST...TONIGHT...
18Z MODEL RUNS MAINTAIN SOME SE TO S WIND FLOW AT LEVELS NEAR AND
JUST ABOVE THE 850 MB LEVEL OVERNIGHT...THEN TURN WINDS BACK MORE TO
THE EAST LATER TUE. SIMPLY BASED ON CURRENT CLOUD AND RADAR TRENDS...
I MAY ADD MENTION OF SLIGHT CHANCE (10 PCT) OF SHOWERS FOR REMAINDER
OF TONIGHT TO PUBLIC ZONES...ALONG WITH INDICATING VARIABLE CLOUDS.
WILL WATCH THE TREND A WHILE LONGER. TEMPS ARE RIGHT ON FORECAST.
&&
.MARINE...
THE EXPECTED DOWN TREND IN WIND SPEEDS IS OCCURRING...SO 1030 PM
COASTAL WATERS FORECAST WILL REMOVE "EXERCISE CAUTION" HEADLINE FOR
GULF WATERS AND INSIDE THE REEF WATERS...AND DOWNGRADE THE SMALL
CRAFT ADVISORY FOR WATERS BEYOND THE REEF TO AN "EXERCISE CAUTION
UNTIL SEAS SUBSIDE" HEADLINE FOR THE STRAITS. THE ODD TURN OF WINDS
TO NE OVER KEY WEST/DRY TORTUGAS IS VAGUELY INDICATED BY THE LATEST
RUC...BUT NOT BY ETA NOR GFS. RUC SUGGESTS THESE NE COMPONENT WINDS
MAY LAST THROUGH THE NIGHT. I WILL ADD MENTION OF ISOLATED SHOWERS
TO GULF WATERS...MAYBE ALSO TO FLORIDA BAY.
&&
.AVIATION...
AMENDED TAFS THIS EVENING TO ACCOUNT FOR INCREASE IN CLOUD COVER IN
THE 060 TO 070 LAYER. A FEW SPRINKLES AND LIGHT SHOWERS DETECTED
SOUTH AND WEST OF KEYW SHOULD REMAIN AWAY FROM THE TERMINALS AND
OUTSIDE THE KMIA TO KEYW ROUTE. WINDS WILL REMAIN EASTERLY AND LIGHT
BUT MAY TIP TO NORTHEAST AT TIMES OVERNIGHT. EXPECT VFR CONDITIONS
THROUGH TUESDAY EVENING WITH ONLY AN INCREASE IN HIGH CIRRUS CLOUDS.
&&
.EYW WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
PUBLIC/MARINE..........C.B.
AVIATION/NOWCASTS.....JR
</PRE></TT></td> fl
FLORIDA KEYS AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL
1015 AM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
OBSERVATIONS AND TRENDS...
EARLY VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGES INDICATE THE LOWER CU DECK NEAR THE
LOWER KEYS AND EXTENDING WEST AND NORTH INTO THE GULF WATERS WILL BE
THINNING OVER THE NEXT HOUR OR SO. CAP HAS RISEN JUST ABOVE 6 KFT
WITH A STEADY EAST WIND AROUND 20 KNOTS THROUGH THAT DEPTH. CMAN
OBSERVATIONS ARE STILL AVERAGING 20 KNOTS WITH SLIGHTLY HIGHER GUSTS
ON THE ATLANTIC SIDE. ISLAND SENSORS ARE AT 10 MPH OR BELOW.
REMAINDER OF TODAY...
TEMPERATURES ALREADY IN THE LOWER 70S ON TRACK WITH GUIDANCE...AND
WITH THINNING LOWER CLOUDS AND ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF THIN CI
...AFTERNOON HIGHS OF 74 TO 78 LOOK FINE. NO AFTERNOON ZONE UPDATE.
&&
.MARINE...
RUC AND MESOETA...AS WELL AS GFS GUIDANCE...INDICATE THAT THE
EASTERLY WINDS WILL REMAIN CLOSE TO THEIR PRESENT SPEEDS THROUGH THE
REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON. WITH THE FETCH AND DURATION
ESTABLISHED...THE HEADLINES WILL REMAIN AS THEY ARE ON THIS UPDATE.
NO OTHER ADJUSTMENTS.
&&
.AVIATION...
CLOUDS ARE THINNING A LITTLE AHEAD OF SCHEDULE ESPECIALLY OVER THE
MAINLAND. WE HAVE ISSUED A RECENT AMENDMENT OF THE ROUTE FORECAST TO
ACCOUNT FOR THIS. WE STILL ANTICIPATE VFR CONDITIONS ALONG THIS
ROUTE AND AT THE TERMINALS.
&&
.EYW WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...SCA ATLANTIC WATERS TODAY.
$$
PUBLIC/MARINE/GRIDS......MR
AVIATION/SHORT TERM......DM
</PRE></TT></td> fl
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
830 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.UPDATE...PRECIP IS ABOUT TO END ACROSS THE IND FORECAST AREA...THUS
WILL REMOVE FROM FCST AROUND 930 PM.
SATELLITE SHOWS THE CLEARING LINE RAPIDLY MOVING ACCROSS SOUTHERN IL
AT 01Z. RUC40 AND MESO ETA SHOW STRONG MID-LEVEL DRYING AFTER 03Z
BUT STILL PRETTY MOIST THRU 850H TIL MORNING. CURRENT CLEARING
FORECAST LOOOKS PRETTY GOOD WITH SOME CLEARING IN THE WEST BUT NOT
TIL AFTER 12Z IN THE EAST. A FEW FLURRIES ARE NOT OUT OF THE
QUESTION...BUT ARE MORE LIKELY TO THE NORTHER AND WILL NOT MENTION
AT THIS TIME.
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION...UPPR PTN XPCTD TO DEAMPLIFY OVR THE NEXT FEW
DAYS. SYS CURRENTLY OVR THE MIDWEST WL PASS THRU THE AREA
TONIGHT...WHILE ANOTHER SHORT WV TROF WL CUT ACRS THE NRN GRTLKS
AROUND WED. AT THE SFC...DIFFUSE FRONTAL SYS XPCTD TO MOV E OF THE
AREA THIS EVENING. MODELS IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE DETAILS. FCST
FOCUS CENTERS ON POPS TONIGHT ALONG WITH TEMPS.
IN THE NR TERM...STILL QUITE A BIT OF CLD ENHANCEMENT UPSTREAM...SO
THINK PCPN IS NOT DONE YET...ALTHOUGH BACK EDGE OF ENHANCEMENT
BEGINNING TO MAKE PROGRESS EWD. WL CONT THE POPS INTO THE EVEN HRS
OVR THE SERN 2/3RDS OF CWA UNTIL PASSAGE OF UPPR TROF...WHICH LOOKS
TO BE AROUND 04Z OR SO. THICKNESSES SUGGEST RAIN MAY MIX WITH SNOW
AS PCPN IS ENDING...BUT DURATION OF ANY SNOW WL BE BRIEF AND NOT
WORTH A MENTION IN ZONES. LO CLDS SHOULD CLR OUT OF THE AREA AFT
MIDNIGHT AS 850MB THERMAL TROF LIFTS OFF TO THE NE FAIRLY QUICKLY.
LTR PDS LOOK QUIET WITH HI PRES RDG BLDG IN. SHORT WV TROF MOVG ACRS
THE NRN GRTLKS ON WED MAY DRAG A FNT INTO THE AREA...BUT
MOISTURE/LIFT PROFILES SUGGEST LTL WX WITH FNT.
LO LVL THICKNESSES SUGGEST NGM MOS HIGHS FOR TUES ARE TOO COOL. WL
RAISE THEM ABOUT 5 DEGS. OTHERWISE...GUIDANCE LOOKS PRETTY GOOD.
&&
.IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
JAS/JEO
</PRE></TT></td> in
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI
1025 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
FCST CONCERN OVERNIGHT IS -SN AND LIGHT ACCUMULATIONS.
WV IMAGERY SHOWS REMNANTS OF TROF THAT SHEARED NE LAST NIGHT
LINGERING ACROSS ONTARIO TO NE MN/WRN LAKE SUPERIOR. SUBTLE
TWIST/VORT MAX NOTED OVER NW LAKE SUPERIOR. THIS FEATURE
RESPONSIBLE FOR -SN THAT BLOSSOMED FROM NE MN INTO UPPER MI THIS
AFTN AND EVENING THOUGH THERE WAS PROBABLY SOME SUPPORT AS WELL FROM
MORE SUBSTANTIAL TROF TRACKING E THRU MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
ANOTHER SHORTWAVE FROM DAKOTAS TO IA WAS MOVING STEADILY EWD TOWARD
WRN LAKES WITH LITTLE OR NO ASSOCIATED PCPN. AT THE SFC...A TROF WAS
SLOWLY DROPPING S ACROSS LAKE SUPERIOR AND CURRENTLY EXTENDS FROM
NEAR WRN LAKE SUPERIOR BUOY LOCATION TO TIP OF KEWEENAW AND ENE FROM
THERE. SPOTTER REPORTS INDICATE SNOW AMOUNTS SO FAR HAVE BEEN LIGHT
WITH FLUFF FACTOR PUSHING AMOUNTS TO 0.5 TO 1 INCH IN A FEW SPOTS
OVER THE W.
IF A COLDER AIRMASS WAS OVER LAKE SUPERIOR...THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN A
NICE LAKE ENHANCED SNOW EVENT THIS EVENING AS DEEPER/SHARPER
LOW-LEVEL TROUGHING WOULD HAVE DEVELOPED OVER THE LAKE...CREATING
STRONGER WINDS/BETTER CONVERGENCE. AS THE SITUATION CURRENTLY
IS...IT DOESN'T APPEAR THERE IS MUCH LAKE ENHANCEMENT OCCURRING. A
CHECK OF 00Z RAOBS SUGGESTS 850MB TEMP MAY BE AROUND -8C WHILE
LATEST RUC ANALYSIS FILLS IN THE GAPS AND SHOWS 850MB TEMPS OVER
LAKE SUPERIOR ARE -6 TO -7C...JUST SUFFICIENT FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT.
APPEARS THE OVERALL LIGHT/VRBL WIND REGIME (5-15KT) THRU 850MB AND
LACK OF MORE SUBSTANTIAL OVERWATER INSTABILITY IS WORKING AGAINST
ENHANCEMENT. WOULD BE AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STORY IF AIRMASS WAS
COLDER. GOING FCST IS PROBABLY OKAY ON SNOW AMOUNTS SINCE FLUFF
FACTOR IS FAIRLY HIGH AND SOME AREAS ARE NEARING AN INCH. BETTER
CONVERGENCE SHOULD DEVELOP OVERNIGHT WITH SOME STRENGTHENING OF
LOW-LEVEL WIND FIELDS OVER WRN FCST AREA. WILL GO WITH ANOTHER 1 TO
3 INCHES ADDITIONAL SNOW OVERNIGHT IN AREA OF BEST LOW-LEVEL
CONVERGENCE WHICH SHOULD SETUP ACROSS ONTONAGON/SRN HOUGHTON
COUNTIES AS WRLY FLOW AIDED BY LAND BREEZE COMPONENT ON S END OF WRN
LAKE IS IMPINGED UPON BY NRLY FLOW FARTHER N (NOTE NRLY WINDS AT
PILM4 AND ROAM4). OTHERWISE...PROBABLY ANOTHER INCH (MAYBE 2) ACROSS
THE REST OF THE W AND LESS THAN AN INCH ACROSS REMAINDER OF FCST
AREA AS TROF SLOWLY MOVES E AND LIGHT SYNOPTIC SNOW SLOWLY WINDS
DOWN. TEMP FCST IN GOOD SHAPE.
ROLFSON
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION...
DISCUSSION FOR TUE THRU MON ISSUED AT 430 PM EST.
AS SURFACE RIDGE BUILDS OVER UPPER MI TUESDAY AFTERNOON...LOW PRES
ASSOCIATED WITH APPROACHING SHORTWAVE OVER MONTANA DEVELOPS OVER THE
DAKOTAS. AS THE LOW APPROACHES THE UPPER GREAT LAKES TUESDAY NIGHT A
SOUTHERLY FLOW OUT AHEAD OF IT USHERS IN DRIER AIR. WITH THIS DRIER
AIR...EXPECTING CLOUD COVER TO DECREASE AND ALLOW OVERNIGHT LOWS IN
THE MID TEENS TO LOWER 20S. WHILE ETA...GFS...AND UKMET IN GOOD
AGREEMENT ABOUT TIMING...STRENGTH...AND PLACEMENT OF UPPER LEVEL AND
SURFACE FEATURES WITH THIS NEXT SHORTWAVE...THE ETA APPEARS TO BE
OVERTAPPING THE DRIER AIR AND DOES NOT GENERATE ANY QPF OVER THE
CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT AND LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE ARE PRESENT TUESDAY
NIGHT THROUGH EARLY WEDNESDAY AND GFS AND UKMET DO GENERATE PRECIP
DURING THIS TIME...EXPECTING MOST OF CWA TO SEE SNOWFALL OVERNIGHT
BUT ONLY MINIMAL AMOUNTS UNTIL AFTER THE LOW PASSES.
COLD AIR ADVECTION BEHIND THE LOW FILTERS INTO WESTERN CWA WEDNESDAY
MORNING AS 850MB TEMPS DROP FROM -6C TO -13C...WHICH MAY DESTABILIZE
THE LOWER LEVELS ENOUGH TO GENERATE LIGHT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS
THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT. SNOW SHOWERS WILL LIKELY BE MOST INTENSE
EARLY WEDNESDAY OUT WEST AS INVERSIONS START OUT AROUND 5K TO 6K
FEET...BUT QUICKLY PLUMMET TO AROUND 3K FEET BY THE AFTERNOON. FOR
THE EASTERN ZONES...INVERSIONS NEVER REALLY START OUT MORE THAN 4K
FEET AND QUICKLY FALL TO 3K FEET WHICH WILL LIMIT INTENSITY OF SNOW
SHOWERS. INLAND AREAS WILL SEE A FEW FLURRIES FROM GUSTY NORTHWEST
WINDS. ALSO WITH THE COLD ADVECTION AND SUBSIDENCE BEHIND THE
SYSTEM...SURFACE WINDS OVER THE WESTERN CWA WHICH MAY SEE SPEEDS OF
30 TO 40 MPH. WILL MENTION HIGH WINDS INLAND IN THE HAZARDOUS
WEATHER OUTLOOK UPDATE...AND ISSUANCE OF A WIND ADVISORY WILL NEED
TO BE CONTEMPLATED FOR WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH THE
COMING FORECASTS. THE COLD AIR AND EXTENSIVE CLOUD COVER WILL KEEP
OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE TEENS TO AROUND 20...BUT WILL PREVENT HIGH
TEMPS FROM WARMING MORE THAN LOWER 20S FOR THE WESTERN CWA AND
MIDDLE 20S ACROSS THE EAST.
NEARLY ZONAL FLOW AT 500MB ACROSS THE UPPER CONUS DEVELOPS WEDNESDAY
WITH HIGH PRESSURE OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY EXTENDING A RIDGE INTO
THE UPPER GREAT LAKES BY THURSDAY MORNING. CLOUD COVER WILL DECREASE
AS WINDS SUBSIDE AND BACK TO THE SOUTH ON THURSDAY...THOUGH SOME
LIGHT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS MAY LINGER NEAR LAKE SUPERIOR
SHORELINE OVER THE FAR EASTERN CWA. LIGHT WINDS OVER THE INTERIOR
CWA NEAR WI WILL ALLOW LOWS FOR THURSDAY TO FALL INTO THE LOWER
TEENS...MAYBE EVEN AROUND 10 DEGREES. ISENTROPIC LIFT AND LOW LEVEL
CONVERGENCE PRESENT OUT AHEAD OF THIS SYSTEM AS WELL...BUT SNOW MAY
NOT DEVELOP UNTIL LATE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. ANOTHER
SHORTWAVE THOUGH MUCH WEAKER THAN THE PREVIOUS PROGGED TO DEVELOPING
OVER THE NORTHERN ROCKIES EARLY THURSDAY AND APPROACH THE UPPER
GREAT LAKES THURSDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY FRIDAY MORNING.
MRF AND ECMWF OPERATIONAL MODELS IN DECENT AGREEMENT WITH THIS
SYSTEM AND PLACEMENT OF SURFACE LOW OVER ONTARIO AND RIDGE BUILDING
INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST FOR FRIDAY. 850MB TEMPS ALSO CONSISTENT
AROUND -4C TO -6C. ALTHOUGH 500MB FLOW IS FAIRLY ZONAL ACROSS UPPER
CONUS...GFS IS STRONGER AND QUICKER WITH A TROUGH MOVING ONSHORE ON
THE WEST COAST. BOTH MODELS DEPICT A SHORTWAVE FORMING OVER THE
NORTHERN ROCKIES FRIDAY MORNING...HOWEVER THERE IS SOME DISCREPANCY
BETWEEN THE TIMING AND PLACEMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING SURFACE LOW.
THE CURRENT CONSENSUS TRACK FOR THE SYSTEM ON FRIDAY WOULD BE FROM
MONTANA RIGHT ACROSS LAKE SUPERIOR AND UPPER MI...WITH 850MB TEMPS
WARMING SLIGHTLY TO AROUND 0C TO -2C ACROSS THE CWA. CURRENT
FORECAST HAS CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW FOR THIS PERIOD...BUT WITH WARMER
TEMPS EXPECTED NEAR THE SURFACE WILL CHANGE TO A RAIN AND SNOW MIX
FOR SOUTHERN COUNTIES ESPECIALLY NEAR LAKE MICHIGAN.
BY SATURDAY NIGHT EARLY SUNDAY A FAIRLY SHARP FRONTAL PASSAGE WILL
USHER DOWN COLD AIR AND DROP 850MB TEMPS TO -14C TO -16C...WITH NO
HINT OF WARMING THROUGH MONDAY. THE COLD AIR WILL LIKELY PRODUCE
SOME LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS...THOUGH LOW LEVEL ANTICYCLONIC FLOW
MAY HINDER DEVELOPMENT. GFS ENSEMBLES IN DECENT AGREEMENT WITH
SLIGHTLY SOUTHWEST FLOW IN ADVANCE OF DEEPENING 500MB TROUGH OVER
WESTERN CONUS...AND COLD AIR FILTERING DOWN BEHIND THE SURFACE RIDGE
SLIDING DOWN FROM CANADA. RIDGE BECOMES ELONGATED TO OUR NORTH
CREATING AN EASTERLY FLOW FROM AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE TO OUR SOUTH.
AFOREMENTIONED SHORTWAVE DUE TO APPROACH CENTRAL PLAINS BY MONDAY
WHICH MAY BE A DRY DAY DEPENDING ON STRENGTH OF RIDGE AXIS.
LAROSA
&&
.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI
430 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
FORECAST QUANDARY FOR THIS AFTERNOON IS SERIES OF SHORTWAVES AND
THEIR IMPACTS TO CWA OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS. DESPITE DYNAMICS TO
SUPPORT SNOWFALL AND PRECIPITATION ACCUMULATIONS...THE RELATIVE
QUICKNESS OF THESE SYSTEMS WILL INHIBIT SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATIONS. A
DEEP SOUTHERLY FLOW TO REPLENISH AIRMASS DOES NOT APPEAR LIKELY
UNTIL NEXT WEEKEND.
VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS WIDESPREAD LOW CLOUD COVER OVER
MN...WI...AND UPPER MI WITH SURFACE OBS INDICATING TEMPERATURES IN
THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 20S...WITH TEMPS IN THE 30S ACROSS CWA. RUC
INDICATES SLIGHTLY COLDER AIR WILL BEGIN FILTERING ACROSS UPPER
MI...THOUGH CLOUD COVER WILL PROHIBIT MUCH RADIATION KEEPING
OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE 20S. MAIN CONCERN TONIGHT IS LAKE EFFECT SNOW
SETUP FROM NORTHERLY FLOW AS SURFACE TROUGH BEGINS TO SLIDE
EASTWARD. DESPITE LOW LEVEL MOISTURE...SHEARING WIND PROFILES AND
LIMITED INSTABILITY WITHIN THE MIXED LAYER WILL PREVENT MUCH IN THE
WAY OF SNOWFALL ACCUMULATIONS ACROSS CWA. HOWEVER...DECENT AREA OF
CONVERGENCE SHOULD ALLOW NUMEROUS SNOW SHOWERS TO DEVELOP AND
DEPOSIT A FEW INCHES OF ACCUMULATION ACROSS ONTONAGON...HOUGHTON...
AND KEWEENAW COUNTIES. GOGEBIC COUNTY IS UNDER A LESS FAVORABLE FLOW
PATTERN AND WILL NOT SEE AS MUCH SNOWFALL AS PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT.
AS SURFACE RIDGE BUILDS OVER UPPER MI TUESDAY AFTERNOON...LOW PRES
ASSOCIATED WITH APPROACHING SHORTWAVE OVER MONTANA DEVELOPS OVER THE
DAKOTAS. AS THE LOW APPROACHES THE UPPER GREAT LAKES TUESDAY NIGHT A
SOUTHERLY FLOW OUT AHEAD OF IT USHERS IN DRIER AIR. WITH THIS DRIER
AIR...EXPECTING CLOUD COVER TO DECREASE AND ALLOW OVERNIGHT LOWS IN
THE MID TEENS TO LOWER 20S. WHILE ETA...GFS...AND UKMET IN GOOD
AGREEMENT ABOUT TIMING...STRENGTH...AND PLACEMENT OF UPPER LEVEL AND
SURFACE FEATURES WITH THIS NEXT SHORTWAVE...THE ETA APPEARS TO BE
OVERTAPPING THE DRIER AIR AND DOES NOT GENERATE ANY QPF OVER THE
CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT AND LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE ARE PRESENT TUESDAY
NIGHT THROUGH EARLY WEDNESDAY AND GFS AND UKMET DO GENERATE PRECIP
DURING THIS TIME...EXPECTING MOST OF CWA TO SEE SNOWFALL OVERNIGHT
BUT ONLY MINIMAL AMOUNTS UNTIL AFTER THE LOW PASSES.
COLD AIR ADVECTION BEHIND THE LOW FILTERS INTO WESTERN CWA WEDNESDAY
MORNING AS 850MB TEMPS DROP FROM -6C TO -13C...WHICH MAY DESTABILIZE
THE LOWER LEVELS ENOUGH TO GENERATE LIGHT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS
THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT. SNOW SHOWERS WILL LIKELY BE MOST INTENSE
EARLY WEDNESDAY OUT WEST AS INVERSIONS START OUT AROUND 5K TO 6K
FEET...BUT QUICKLY PLUMMET TO AROUND 3K FEET BY THE AFTERNOON. FOR
THE EASTERN ZONES...INVERSIONS NEVER REALLY START OUT MORE THAN 4K
FEET AND QUICKLY FALL TO 3K FEET WHICH WILL LIMIT INTENSITY OF SNOW
SHOWERS. INLAND AREAS WILL SEE A FEW FLURRIES FROM GUSTY NORTHWEST
WINDS. ALSO WITH THE COLD ADVECTION AND SUBSIDENCE BEHIND THE
SYSTEM...SURFACE WINDS OVER THE WESTERN CWA WHICH MAY SEE SPEEDS OF
30 TO 40 MPH. WILL MENTION HIGH WINDS INLAND IN THE HAZARDOUS
WEATHER OUTLOOK UPDATE...AND ISSUANCE OF A WIND ADVISORY WILL NEED
TO BE CONTEMPLATED FOR WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH THE
COMING FORECASTS. THE COLD AIR AND EXTENSIVE CLOUD COVER WILL KEEP
OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE TEENS TO AROUND 20...BUT WILL PREVENT HIGH
TEMPS FROM WARMING MORE THAN LOWER 20S FOR THE WESTERN CWA AND
MIDDLE 20S ACROSS THE EAST.
NEARLY ZONAL FLOW AT 500MB ACROSS THE UPPER CONUS DEVELOPS WEDNESDAY
WITH HIGH PRESSURE OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY EXTENDING A RIDGE INTO
THE UPPER GREAT LAKES BY THURSDAY MORNING. CLOUD COVER WILL DECREASE
AS WINDS SUBSIDE AND BACK TO THE SOUTH ON THURSDAY...THOUGH SOME
LIGHT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS MAY LINGER NEAR LAKE SUPERIOR
SHORELINE OVER THE FAR EASTERN CWA. LIGHT WINDS OVER THE INTERIOR
CWA NEAR WI WILL ALLOW LOWS FOR THURSDAY TO FALL INTO THE LOWER
TEENS...MAYBE EVEN AROUND 10 DEGREES. ISENTROPIC LIFT AND LOW LEVEL
CONVERGENCE PRESENT OUT AHEAD OF THIS SYSTEM AS WELL...BUT SNOW MAY
NOT DEVELOP UNTIL LATE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. ANOTHER
SHORTWAVE THOUGH MUCH WEAKER THAN THE PREVIOUS PROGGED TO DEVELOPING
OVER THE NORTHERN ROCKIES EARLY THURSDAY AND APPROACH THE UPPER
GREAT LAKES THURSDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY FRIDAY MORNING.
MRF AND ECMWF OPERATIONAL MODELS IN DECENT AGREEMENT WITH THIS
SYSTEM AND PLACEMENT OF SURFACE LOW OVER ONTARIO AND RIDGE BUILDING
INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST FOR FRIDAY. 850MB TEMPS ALSO CONSISTENT
AROUND -4C TO -6C. ALTHOUGH 500MB FLOW IS FAIRLY ZONAL ACROSS UPPER
CONUS...GFS IS STRONGER AND QUICKER WITH A TROUGH MOVING ONSHORE ON
THE WEST COAST. BOTH MODELS DEPICT A SHORTWAVE FORMING OVER THE
NORTHERN ROCKIES FRIDAY MORNING...HOWEVER THERE IS SOME DISCREPANCY
BETWEEN THE TIMING AND PLACEMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING SURFACE LOW.
THE CURRENT CONSENSUS TRACK FOR THE SYSTEM ON FRIDAY WOULD BE FROM
MONTANA RIGHT ACROSS LAKE SUPERIOR AND UPPER MI...WITH 850MB TEMPS
WARMING SLIGHTLY TO AROUND 0C TO -2C ACROSS THE CWA. CURRENT
FORECAST HAS CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW FOR THIS PERIOD...BUT WITH WARMER
TEMPS EXPECTED NEAR THE SURFACE WILL CHANGE TO A RAIN AND SNOW MIX
FOR SOUTHERN COUNTIES ESPECIALLY NEAR LAKE MICHIGAN.
BY SATURDAY NIGHT EARLY SUNDAY A FAIRLY SHARP FRONTAL PASSAGE WILL
USHER DOWN COLD AIR AND DROP 850MB TEMPS TO -14C TO -16C...WITH NO
HINT OF WARMING THROUGH MONDAY. THE COLD AIR WILL LIKELY PRODUCE
SOME LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS...THOUGH LOW LEVEL ANTICYCLONIC FLOW
MAY HINDER DEVELOPMENT. GFS ENSEMBLES IN DECENT AGREEMENT WITH
SLIGHTLY SOUTHWEST FLOW IN ADVANCE OF DEEPENING 500MB TROUGH OVER
WESTERN CONUS...AND COLD AIR FILTERING DOWN BEHIND THE SURFACE RIDGE
SLIDING DOWN FROM CANADA. RIDGE BECOMES ELONGATED TO OUR NORTH
CREATING AN EASTERLY FLOW FROM AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE TO OUR SOUTH.
AFOREMENTIONED SHORTWAVE DUE TO APPROACH CENTRAL PLAINS BY MONDAY
WHICH MAY BE A DRY DAY DEPENDING ON STRENGTH OF RIDGE AXIS.
&&
.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
LAROSA
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND RAPIDS MI
1213 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.UPDATE...
THE WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE IS DEVELOPING OVER THE LOWER OHIO
VALLEY. THE WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS PLENTIFUL MOISTURE
IN PLACE. ALOFT THE UPPER JET WAS STRONGER THAN THE MODELS
EXPECTED AND THE RUC PLACES MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL LOWER
MICHIGAN IN THE DIFFLUENT RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION OF THE JET THIS
AFTERNOON. SO AM EXPECTING A RATHER WET AFTERNOON FOR THE
JACKSON AREA...TAPERING OFF AS YOU HEAD NORTHWEST TO SOME
SPRINKLES FOR GRR. LDM CONTINUES TO SEE VARYING AMOUNTS OF
CLOUDS AND PROBABLY SHOULD STAY THAT WAY FOR THE AFTERNOON.
FORECAST SOUNDINGS FROM THE RUC SUPPORT MAINLY RAIN FOR THE
AFTERNOON. NOTICED THE ETA THROUGH 18Z TODAY HAS NO PRECIPITATION
FORECASTED WHERE IT IS ACTUALLY FALLING...MAINLY SOUTHEAST
IL...TO CENTRAL INDIANA.
&&
.GRR...WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
MJS
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI
1045 AM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
UPDATE FOCUS IS SNOW COVERAGE TODAY. SNOW AMOUNTS SHOULD REMAIN LESS
THAN AN INCH THROUGH SUNSET AS MOISTURE AND FORCING ARE LIMITED.
WV LOOP ALONG WITH 12Z RAOBS DEPICT SHORTWAVE TROUGH STRETCHING FM
JAMES BAY TO WRN MN. ASSOCIATED SFC TROUGH SLIGHTLY E OF UPR WAVE AS
IT NOW BEGINS TO MOVE INTO WRN LK SUPERIOR. ROABS FM MPX/INL MOIST
THROUGH H7 (ALTHOUGH BARELY REACHING ABOVE CRITICAL -10C ISOTHERM)
WHILE GRB ROAB ONLY HAS THIN LAYER OF MOISTURE AROUND H85. COLD AIR
ADVECTION TAKING PLACE FM SW THIS MORNING WITH COLDEST POCKET OF H85
TEMPS OVR ERN SD/SW MN. ETA/RUC SHOW COOLER TEMPS PUSHING NE TOWARD
UPR MI THROUGH AFTN. MQT RADAR/SFC OBS OVR UPR MI SHOW NO PCPN WHILE
KDLH RADAR AND SFC OBS OVR CNTRL MN/NW WI PICKING UP SOME FLURRIES
DUE TO THE INCREASING COLD ADVECTION AND UPR DIVERGENCE FM 130-140KT
H3 JET STREAK RACING NNE ACROSS ERN WI/UPR MI.
CURRENT FCST FOR TODAY NEEDS LITTLE CHANGING. DRY H9-H8 LAYER OVR
MOST OF CWA ATTM SHOULD GRADUALLY MOISTEN THROUGH AFTN AS
SHORTWAVE/SFC TROUGH AND COLD AIR ADVECTION CONJUR UP SUFFICIENT
LIFT. BASED ON OBS FM A MUCH MORE MOIST UPSTREAM WOULD EXPECT RANDOM
FLURRIES TO INCREASE TO MORE FORMIDABLE SNOW SHOWERS BY MID AFTN OVR
WRN ZONES DUE TO INCREASING FLOW OFF LAKE AND OVER WATER INSTABILITY
(DLT T/S AROUND 13C) AND OVR REST OF CWA BY EVENING DUE TO
INCREASING UPR DIVERGENCE FM APPROACHING JET STREAK.
CONCERNING LES TONIGHT 12Z GUIDANCE SUGGESTS THAT SHEAR WITHIN MIXED
LAYER AND ONLY MARGINAL INSTABILITY WILL OFFSET DEEPER MOISTURE AND
SOME TRANSIENT LOWER LEVEL CONVERGENCE TO PRODUCE SUB ADVY SNOW OVR
WRN TIER. BEST CONVERGENCE LOOKS TO FORM FM KEWEENAW PENINSULA INTO
PORCUPINE MTS OF ONTONAGON COUNTY. GOGEBIC COUNTY NOW LOOKING
UNFAVORABLE AS WINDS SHIFT NW-W QUICKLY THROUGH H85 BY 06Z (WOULD
PREFER MORE NRLY DIRECTION FOR THIS AREA TO SEE GREATER SNOW
COVERAGE). UPDATED WX/POP/SNOW GRIDS FOR TONIGHT TO ADDRESS THIS.
&&
.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
JLA
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN
945 PM CST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...A VORT MAX HAS REMAINED OVER THE MN ARROWHEAD THIS
EVENING AS DEPICTED BY THE RUC. SNOW SHOWERS HAVE BEEN SLOW TO DIE,
BUT THEY ARE WEAKENING. A SMALL SINGLE CONTOUR CLOSED LOW FORMED
JUST NORTHEAST OF THE ARROWHEAD AND THAT HAS HELPED MAINTAIN THE
SNOW SHOWERS AS WELL. THAT LITTLE FEATURE IS FILLING ATTM. AN E-W
COLD FRONT OVER EXTREME NRN MN IS DROPPING S, BUT IT IS PARALLEL TO
THE UPPER FLOW SO PROGRESS WILL BE SLOW. SINGLE DIGITS LOW
TEMPERATURES STILL APPEAR ON SCHEDULE FOR THAT AREA, BUT FARTHER S
IN WISCONSIN ZONES, WE RAISED THE OVER NIGHT LOWS A BIT DUE TO
CLOUDIENSS THAT WILL REMAIN.
&&
.DLH...WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MN...NONE.
WI...NONE.
$$
CS
</PRE></TT></td> mn
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TWIN CITIES/CHANHASSEN MN
215 PM CST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
SNOWFALL IN CURRENT AREA RADAR MOSAIC SHOWS A CLOSE CORRELATION WITH
RUC 700 MB CLOSED HEIGHT CIRCULATION. THIS MID LEVEL LOW ALONG WITH
IDEAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND LOW LEVEL INSTABILITY WAS ENOUGH TO
BRING ACCUMULATIONS NEAR AN INCH. THE RUC MODEL FORECASTS THIS 700
MB LOW MOVING FROM NEAR HUDSON...WISCONSIN AT 18Z TO LADYSMITH
BETWEEN 21Z AND 00Z. SNOW EXPECTED TO DISSIPATE BEHIND THIS FEATURE
EARLY THIS EVENING. PARTIAL CLEARING OVERNIGHT SHOULD ALLOW MUCH
COLDER TEMPERATURES UNDER WEAK SURFACE RIDGE BY DAYBREAK. WARM
ADVECTION TUESDAY IS EXPECTED TO PRECEDE THE NEXT PACIFIC SYSTEM.
PREFER THE MORE AGGRESSIVE GFS SOLUTION WITH THIS SYSTEM WHICH IS
EXPECTED TO MOVE RAPIDLY ACROSS THE REGION. EXPECT A CHANCE OF
PRECIPITATION IN THE NORTHWEST PORTION OF OUR COUNTY WARNING AREA
LATE TUESDAY WITH THE BEST FORCING REMAINING JUST TO OUR NORTH. THE
GFS MODEL HINTS AT A STRONG DRY SLOT SURGING TOWARD CENTRAL
MINNESOTA BY MIDNIGHT TUESDAY NIGHT. SNOW OVER OUR COUNTY WARNING
AREA SHOULD BE OVER BY WEDNESDAY MORNING. SUBSIDENCE EXPECTED TO CUT
OFF THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION ABRUPTLY BEHIND THIS FEATURE.
ANOTHER PACIFIC LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM FORECAST OVER THE NORTH CENTRAL
PLAINS STATES ON THURSDAY AND CONTINUES THE TREND OF THE PAST FEW
SYSTEMS BY TRACKING NORTH AND WEST OF MSP LEAVING US OUT OF THE MAIN
PRECIPITATION SWATH.
LOOKING AHEAD...CHALLENGE ON DEALING WITH SHOTS OF MOISTURE AND
POTENTIAL LIGHT BOUTS OF PCPN AS WELL AS THE PENETRATION OF ARCTIC
AIR. SMOOTHING WAS DONE THIS AFTN ON BORDERING TEMPS FOR DAY SIX
THROUGH SEVEN. LIKE THE IDEA OF GOING TOWARD CLIMATE. CONCERN NOW IS
OVER THE PCPN SHOWN ON NEW GFS CNTRL MN ON FRI. WILL NOT FLIP FLOP
AT THIS TIME. THIS PCPN COULD WELL BE NORTH OF THE CWA. GENERAL
THINKING IS THAT COLD AIR WILL SETTLE SOUTH AS IS TYPICAL OF NEW
YEAR CLIMO BUT ARCTIC BLAST IS STILL SOMETHING TO MONITOR FOR DAY
SEVEN. TROFS COMING INTO WEST COAST DAYS THREE THROUGH SEVEN HAVE
STRENGTH YET TO BE DETERMINED WHEN THEY REACH UPR MS VLY.
&&
.MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MN...NONE.
WI...NONE.
$$
</PRE></TT></td> mn
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BINGHAMTON NY
929 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.UPDATE...UPDATED GRIDS TO CHANGE OCCNL PRECIP TO SHOWERS...ADJUST
TEMPS OVERNIGHT AND ON TUE...AND REMOVE PRECIP BEYOND EARLY AFT IN
SERN ZONES.
18Z META AND 00Z RUC IN FAIR AGREEMENT THAT FRONT WILL PASS THRU
WITH LIMITED AND WEAKENING DYNAMICS. WHAT IS LEFT OF THE DYNAMICS
WILL ALSO LIFT NEWD QUICKLY DURING THE DAY ON TUE...THUS THOSE AREAS
NOT AFFECTED BY THE LAKES WILL SEE PRECIP END AROUND EARLY
AFTERNOON. BUMPED UP MINS A BIT TONIGHT...AS MOS TEMPS ARE NOT
DROPPING AS EXPECTED. ALSO...LOOKS LIKES HIGHS IN MOST PLACES WILL
OCCUR ~12Z...THEREFORE HAVE ADJUSTED GRIDS/ZONES TO REFLECT THAT
TREND. MJC
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION....
TONIGHT...CLOUDS WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE THIS EVENING AHEAD OF A
TROUGH THAT WILL LIFT OUT OF THE MIDWEST AND APPROACH WRN NY/PA
TUESDAY MORNING. MODELS SHOW STRONG UPPER JET DYNAMICS 06Z-12Z WITH
AREA OF RAIN SPREADING ACROSS THE FORECAST AREA FROM WEST TO EAST
TONIGHT. TIMING IS SLOWER THAN PREVIOUS RUNS, WITH THE PRECIP NOT
REACHING THE EASTERN AREAS UNTIL NEAR DAYBREAK.
TUESDAY...WILL CONTINUE THE STEADIER SHOWERS ACROSS THE EAST IN THE
MORNING AS THE COLD FRONT PASSES THROUGH AND COLDER 850 TEMPS PUSH
INTO THE REGION FROM THE WEST. WILL TAPER THE RAIN TO SCATTERED SNOW
SHOWERS FOR THE WESTERN ZONES IN THE MORNING AND ACROSS THE EAST FOR
THE AFTN.
TUESDAY NIGHT...BUFKIT SOUNDINGS INDICATE THAT THERE MAY BE A LITTLE
LAKE EFFECT SHSN ACTIVITY UP NORTH, BUT INVERSION REMAINS FAIRLY LOW
WITH NOT MUCH IN THE WAY OF INSTABILITY. ANY LAKE EFFECT WILL
DIMINISH DURING THE OVERNIGHT WITH SOME 850 WAA AND SFC RIDGING
BUILDING INTO THE AREA OVERNIGHT. THEREFORE, ONLY LIGHT ACCUMS
EXPECTED. WILL KEEP JUST CHC POPS TO COVER IT FOR NOW.
WEDNESDAY...CLIPPER SYSTEM SKIRTING ACROSS NORTHERN GREAT LAKES WILL
SPREAD SOME CLDS INTO MAINLY NORTHERN HALF OF THE CWA. SOME UPWARD
MOTION ASSOCIATED WITH THIS FEATURE NOTED ACROSS THE NORTHWEST PART
OF THE FA IN THE AFTN. ATTM, WILL PUT IN LOW CHC POPS.
LONG TERM (WED NGT THROUGH MON)...
FAIRLY QUIET WITH NO SIG WX IN THE OFFING. WENT WITH 00Z GFS FOR THE
MOST PART. A FEW WEAK SYSTEMS MAY PRODUCE SOME SPOTTY LGT PCPN, WITH
GFS PROFILES INDICATING THE PSBLTY OF SOME -SN/-FZRA LATE THU
NGT/FRI MRNG. GNRLY PARTLY TO MOSTLY CLOUDY SKIES WITH ABV NORMAL
TEMPS. STRONGER SYS MAY GET ORGANIZED FOR EARLY NXT WEEK.
&&
.AVIATION...
VFR CONDITIONS UNTIL 09-12Z, THEN RAPIDLY FALLING CIGS/VSBY'S AS
RAIN MOVS IN FROM W-E. WINDS PICKING UP BRHIND THE FNT, WITH G25-30.
&&
.BGM WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NY...NONE.
PA...NONE.
$$
JML/BRADY
</PRE></TT></td> ny
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
250 PM EST MON DEC 29 2003
.ANOTHER SPRING-LIKE DAY ACROSS THE CWA WITH ABUNDANT SUNSHINE AND
TEMPERATURES GENERALLY IN THE 40S AND 50S...RETURN TO SEASONABLE
WEATHER LATE TOMORROW THROUGH FRIDAY.
.DISC...AT 1 PM...COLD FRONT EXTENDED FROM ABOUT CHICAGO TO NEW
ORLEANS. UPPER FLOW NEARLY PARALLEL TO FRONT SO EASTWARD PROGRESS IS
SLOW. RUC ANALYSIS SHOWING 160 KT JET MAX OVER UPPER GREAT LAKES.
COLD FRONT PROGGED THROUGH AREA DURING MORNING TOMORROW. AHEAD OF
FRONT RAIN AND RAIN SHOWERS EXPECTED. THERE MAY BE A FEW ISOLATED
POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN TOMORROW MORNING IN SHELTERED VALLEYS.
DEWPOINTS STILL BELOW FREEZING ACROSS CWA AND MODELS SHOWING GOOD
RADIATIONAL COOLING CONDITIONS UNTIL JUST BEFORE SUNRISE WHEN CLOUDS
RAPIDLY INCREASE AND PRECIPITATION MOVES IN. SIMILAR SITUATIONS
HAVE OCCURRED AT LEAST TWICE IN LAST 10 DAYS WITH MANY TRAFFIC
ACCIDENTS. WILL ISSUE SPS TO HIGHLIGHT POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS DRIVING
CONDITIONS FOR MORNING COMMUTE.
BY 18Z TOMORROW...FRONT THROUGH ALL BUT FAR EASTERN COUNTIES. ETA
THERMAL PROFILES SHOW RAPID COOLING AND DESTABILIZATION OF
ATMOSPHERE BEHIND FRONT BETWEEN 15Z AND 18Z. ETA/AVN CRANK OUT A
TENTH OR TWO OF LIQUID AS SNOW OVER NORTHWESTERN AREAS TOMORROW
AFTERNOON AND EVENING SO A FEW INCHES OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE
IN FAVORED AREAS.
ANOTHER WEAK FRONT PUSHES THROUGH ON WEDNESDAY. WENT CHANCE SNOW FOR
NORTHERN AREAS AND HIGHER TERRAIN SOUTH. SEASONABLE WEATHER
CONTINUES INTO FRIDAY WITH SCT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS THURSDAY AND
OVERRUNNING/WARM ADVECTION SNOW POSSIBLE FOR FRIDAY. LOOKS TO BE
LIGHT AT THIS TIME.
EXTENDED...12Z ENSEMBLES MUCH SLOWER THAN 12Z OPERATIONAL GFS WITH
VERY COLD AIR NOW OVER WEST. WET SYSTEM PROGGED IN FOR WEEKEND AND
WAVY FRONT WILL LINGER THROUGH MONDAY...WITH PERIODS OF RAIN...ALTHO
SOME SNOW POSSIBLE FOR NORTHERN HERKIMER/HAMILTON COUNTIES. COLD
ARCTIC AIR WILL GRADUALLY WORK ITS WAY EAST BY NEXT TUESDAY. IF GFS
ENSEMBLES ARE CORRECT...TEMPERATURES MAY BE BELOW NORMAL MIDDLE OF
NEXT WEEK.
.AVIATION...VFR CONDS WILL PERSIST UNTIL 12Z. -SHRA WILL PUSH INTO
RGN ARND 12Z AND THERE MAY BE ISOLD AREAS WITH -FZRA UNTIL ARND 15Z
TUE.
.HYDROLOGICAL DISCUSSION...NO HYDRO PROBLEMS AT LEAST THROUGH
FRIDAY. RAINFALL TUESDAY SHOULD BE UNDER A HALF INCH AND NOT BE
ENOUGH TO PRODUCE MUCH OF A RESPONSE FROM AREA STREAMS AND RIVERS.
.ALY...SPS FOR ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN TUESDAY MORNING.
FINAL GRIDS DONE.
$$
SND
</PRE></TT></td> ny
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR WESTERN SD AND NORTHEASTERN WY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RAPID CITY SD
713 PM MST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...THE MAIN FORECAST CONCERN OVERNIGHT IS TEMPERATURES.
BOTH ADVECTIVE AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES WILL COME INTO PLAY. IN TERMS
OF ADVECTION...SURFACE OBSERVATIONS SHOWED A WARM FRONT OVER THE
SWRN CWFA...FROM JUST NORTH OF KGCC AND KCUT TO JUST SOUTH OF KSFD.
THE 00Z UPPER-AIR OBSERVATIONS ALSO INDICATED WARM ADVECTION OVER
AND TO THE SOUTH OF THIS REGION...AND 24-HR TEMPERATURE CHANGES
SHOWED WARMING FROM THE SURFACE THROUGH THE MID-TROPOSPHERE. GIVEN
RELATIVELY WEAK SURFACE PRESSURE FALLS ACROSS THE CWFA...DO NOT
EXPECT THE FRONT TO MAKE MUCH PROGRESS. NEVERTHELESS...THE RUC DOES
FORECAST WARM ADVECTION TO PERSIST OVER THE SWRN CWFA OVERNIGHT. IN
TERMS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES...SNOW COVER EXISTS OVER THE NRN HALF OF
THE CWFA...AS WELL AS PARTS OF WCNTRL AND SCNTRL SD. GIVEN ONLY THIN
CLOUD COVER AND LIGHT WINDS OVER MUCH OF WRN AND SCNTRL SD...THIS
WILL LEAD TO STRONG RADIATIONAL COOLING. RELATIVELY MORE CLOUD COVER
EXISTS OVER NERN WY AND FAR SWRN SD...SO THE COOLING WILL NOT BE AS
DRAMATIC THERE.
AS A RESULT OF THIS...WILL ADJUST THE PREVIOUS FORECAST OVER NERN
WY...THE BLKHLS...AND SWRN SD...TO RAISE THE MIN TEMPERATURES BY
SEVERAL DEGREES...WHERE WARM ADVECTION WILL BE STRONGEST. OTHER-
WISE...THE REST OF THE FORECAST LOOKS GOOD.
&&
.UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
.SD...NONE.
.WY...NONE.
&&
$$
BUNKERS
</PRE></TT></td> sd
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HOUSTON/GALVESTON TX
957 AM CST MON DEC 29 2003
.DISCUSSION...
THE MID AND UPPER LEVEL LOW PRESSURE TROUGH WAS MOVING OVER EASTERN
TEXAS THIS MORNING. CLOUDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE JET STREAK AHEAD OF
THE TROUGH WERE STILL AFFECTING MOST OF SE TX. FORECAST ITEMS OF NOTE
FOR TODAY INCLUDE SKY COVER AND POPS...TEMPERATURES...AND COASTAL
WINDS AND SEAS.
THE CURRENT VISIBLE SATELLITE TRENDS INDICATE THE 12Z RUC HAS A GOOD
HANDLE ON CLEARING OUT THE AREA TODAY. CURRENTLY THERE WAS A SOLID
MID AND HIGH LEVEL DECK MOVING OVER MOST OF THE FORECAST AREA WITH
SOME CLEARING BEHIND THIS TO THE SOUTHWEST. THERE WILL BE ENOUGH HIGH
CLOUDS AROUND TO NOT WARRANT CLEARING OUT EVERYTHING UNTIL MID
AFTERNOON. TEMPERATURES WILL BE AFFECTED BY THE CLEARING SKIES AND
SHOULD REACH AROUND 60 TO 62 OVER MOST OF THE INLAND AREAS. WILL
UPDATE TO LOWER THE POPS...CLEAR OUT THE SKY COVER A BIT FASTER...AND
UP THE DAYTIME HIGH TEMPERATURES A COUPLE OF DEGREES OR SO.
THE WIND HAS DIMINISHED OVER THE BAYS AND NEARSHORE WATERS...ENOUGH TO
DROP THE SCEC OVER THE BAYS AND LOWER THE SCA TO SCEC WITHIN 20 NM.
WILL KEEP THE SCA UP FROM 20 TO 60 NM DUE TO WINDS AND SEAS.
PL-40
41
&&
.HGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SCEC 00 TO 20 NM HIGH ISLAND TO THE MATAGORDA SHIP CHANNEL.
SCA 20 TO 60 NM HIGH ISLAND TO THE MATAGORDA SHIP CHANNEL.
&&
$$
</PRE></TT></td> tx
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
355 PM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
.DISCUSSION...
CDFNT SWINGING THRU TNGT AS UPR TROF OVR THE DKTAS MOTORS EWD. NEG
PCPN OVRNGT WITH A DECENT COOLDOWN FOR TMR. HIGHS IN THE 30S/40S VS
40S/50S TDA. SPLIT FLOW READILY VISIBLE IN WV IMAGERY OVR THE W CST
AS PAC JET SPLITS EWD AND SWD. CDR TMPS TMR WL BEGIN TO MODERATE WED
NGT AND THU AS SLY FLOW DVLPS. THERE IS ONE FLY IN THE OINTMENT THAT
WL LIKELY HOLD OFF SGFNT WRMG THU...THAT WL LIKELY BE LOW ST MOVG
NWD. THE 48HR RUC HAS WDSPRD LIFR CIGS BY 12Z THU WHICH IS SUPPORTED
BY THE 925 SFC IN THE ETA. THUS...MORE CLDS FOR THU AND NOT QUITE AS
ROBUST ON THE WRMUP...DESPITE 1000-850 THICKNESSES SOME 20-30M
HIGHER(THICKER?) THAN TDA. THINKING IS THAT A MORE WLY FLOW WL SHOVE
THE LWR CLDS EWD LTR IN THE DAY...BUT MOST LIKELY PAST MAX HEATING.
WL STILL HOLD ON TO SML POPS IN THE SERN CRNR IN RESPECT TO CONTG
FCST OF LGT PCPN BY THE AVN AND SOME EXTENT THE ETA NOW AS WELL. AS
THE BROAD UP TROF FORMS OVR THE WRN TWO-THIRDS OF THE COUNTRY...PAC
JET ENERGY LOOKING TO FORCE MORE MID LVL MOISTURE EWD INT THE CNTRL
US WITH LGT SNOW THREAT DVLPG LATE FRI NGT AND SAT. AT THE
MOMENT...HAVE NOT JUMPED ON THIS...BUT CONTD THE PREV THINKING FOR
SML POPS IN SRN IA. WL BE LOOKING AT THIS MORE CLOSELY IN LTR RUNS
AS ARCTIC AMS OOZES GRDLY SWD. TMPS IN THE OUTPDS ARE THE BEST
ESTIMATE SINCE WE COULD JUST AS EASILY BE MUCH WRMR OR MUCH
COLDER!
&&
.DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
MYERS
</PRE></TT></td> ia
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DETROIT/PONTIAC MI
1030 AM EST TUE DEC 30 2003
.UPDATE...8-BIT RADAR RESOLUTION SHOWS A RAPID DECREASE IN SNOW
SHOWERS/FLURRIES WITH EXTENSIVE STRATUS DECK REMAINING. 12Z RAOBS
UPSTREAM SHOWING WARMING 850MB TEMPS AND DRIER AIR ADVECTING ACROSS
LAKE MICHIGAN. SOME WAA INDUCED CLOUDS, AC DECK, WAS EVIDENT ACROSS
SOUTHERN WISCONSIN BUT THESE WILL LIKELY THIN WITH TIME AS CLOUDS
OUTPACED THE UPSTREAM WAA REGIME UNDERWAY. SO THE QUESTION IS CLOUD
COVER TODAY AND RUC/ETA SOUNDINGS ARE NOT MUCH HELP AS THEY ARE ON
TOTAL OPPOSITE ENDS...
WITH APPROACH OF RIDGE AXIS AND DRIER AIR THAT COMES WITH
THIS...WOULD HAVE TO FAVOR CLOSER TO THE RUC WHICH WOULD SUPPORT
CURRENT THOUGHTS OF SOME BREAKS IN THE CLOUD COVER THIS AFTERNOON
FROM WEST TO EAST. EXPERIMENTAL NEW LAMP GUIDANCE ALSO HINTS AT
THIS WITH SOMEWHAT COOLER TEMPS UNDER THE CLOUD COVER THROUGH THE
"MAX HEATING" TIME FRAME. WE WILL DROP OUR HIGHS A COUPLE OF
DEGREES IN THE GRIDS AND BACK OFF THE TIMING SOMEWHAT WHEN WE WILL
SEE THE SUN.
BGM
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION...ISSUED AT 325 AM EST
THE CURRENT SURFACE MAP SHOWS THE COLD FRONT THAT PASSED TROUGH SE
MICHIGAN LAST EVENING ALREADY MOVING INTO THE APPALACHIANS WITH
COLDER AIR NOW FILTERING ACROSS LOWER MICHIGAN. THE WATER VAPOR LOOP
INDICATES AN UPPER TROUGH AXIS LOCATED OVER WESTERN LOWER MI...WITH
SOME WRAP AROUND MOISTURE LOCATED OVER EASTERN WI/WESTERN LOWER MI.
THE 00Z UPPER AIR SOUNDING OUT OF KMPX INDICATED AMPLE MOISTURE
EXTENDING ALL THE WAY TO 600MB. THE 00Z UPPER AIR PLOTS ALSO
INDICATED 850MB TEMPS OF -10 TO -11C UPSTREAM OF LAKE
MICHIGAN...WHICH IS NOW ADVANCING ACROSS THE LAKE. SOME WEAK
DIFFERENTIAL VORTICITY ADVECTION COUPLED WITH THE DEEP MOISTURE AND
MARGINAL INSTABILITY OFF LAKE MICHIGAN WILL PROVIDE SOME LIGHT LAKE
ENHANCED SNOW SHOWERS AND FLURRIES DOWNWIND OF LAKE MICHIGAN THIS
MORNING...WITH NO ACCUMULATIONS EXPECTED. THE CURRENT KGRR RADAR IS
ALREADY SHOWING AN INCREASE IN RETURNS OFF THE LAKE. GIVEN THE
DEGREE OF LIFT...MOISTURE AND ENHANCEMENT OFF LAKE MICHIGAN...WILL
MAINTAIN SCATTERED LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS THIS MORNING. MOISTURE IS MORE
LIMITED TOWARD THE OHIO BORDER...SO WILL ONLY MENTION FLURRIES
ACROSS LENAWEE/MONROE COUNTIES. THE MOISTURE QUICKLY PUSHES OFF TO
THE NORTHEAST THIS AFTERNOON...WITH CONSIDERABLE DRYING IN THE LOW
LEVELS ADVANCING ACROSS LOWER MI FROM SW TO NE. ETA SOUNDINGS ON
BUFKIT TRY TO HOLD ONTO LOW LEVEL MOISTURE THROUGH 00Z THIS EVENING.
GIVEN THE DEGREE OF DRYING AT 850MB AND WITH SURFACE FLOW BECOMING
STRONGLY ANTICYCLONIC BY LATE AFTERNOON...WILL OP TO HAVE SKIES
BECOMING PARTLY SUNNY THIS AFTERNOON.
THE CURRENT MID LEVEL TROUGH NOW EVIDENT OVER WESTERN MONTANA WILL
QUICKLY MOVE EAST AND AMPLIFY TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE 00Z MODEL SUITE
ARE IN VERY GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THIS SYSTEM. MODEL SOLUTIONS
INDICATE THE SHORT WAVE WILL REACH THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY BY
06Z TONIGHT...THEN LIFT INTO THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES BY 12Z
WEDNESDAY. QG FORCING AHEAD OF THIS WAVE IS QUITE STRONG OVERNIGHT
TONIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING ACROSS THE NORTHERN HALF OF THE
FORECAST AREA. A BIG LIMITING FACTOR FOR PRECIP THOUGH WILL BE A
SEVERE LACK OF MOISTURE. ETA SOUNDINGS INDICATE THE MID LEVELS NEVER
MOISTEN UP ENOUGH TO SUPPORT PRECIP. THE GFS SOLUTION SHOWS A LITTLE
MORE AVAILABLE MOISTURE...AND INDICATES A COUPLE HUNDREDTHS OF
PRECIP GENERALLY NORTH OF M-59. GIVEN THIS IS OFTEN A BIAS OF THE
GFS...WILL LEAN TOWARD THE DRYER ETA SOLUTION AND ONLY MENTION
FLURRIES LATE TONIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING ACROSS THE SAGINAW
VALLEY AND THUMB. THE DYNAMICS WITH THIS SYSTEM WILL SPIN UP A
RELATIVELY DEEP SURFACE LOW OVER SOUTHERN LAKE SUPERIOR BY WEDNESDAY
MORNING. THIS WILL DEVELOP A STRONG PRESSURE GRADIENT OVER LOWER MI.
ETA SOUNDINGS INDICATE MIXING WILL TAP INTO SOME 35KTS ON WEDNESDAY
IN THE COLD AIR ADVECTION AROUND THE LOW. SO WILL MENTION WIND GUSTS
UP TO 40 MPH ON WEDNESDAY.
THIS SYSTEM WILL VERY QUICKLY PUSH OFF TO THE EAST OF THE REGION BY
WEDNESDAY EVENING AS A FAST ZONAL FLOW ALOFT PERSISTS ACROSS THE
CONUS. MODEL SOLUTIONS BEGIN TO DIVERGE TOWARD THE END OF THE WEEK
IN THEIR HANDLING OF NUMEROUS SHORT WAVE ENERGY ACROSS THE NORTHERN
TIER OF THE US. THE ETA/GFS/CANADIAN/UKMET DO AGREE HOWEVER THAT
REMNANTS OF A CUT OFF LOW OFF OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COAST WILL
MOVE INTO THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY BY THURSDAY NIGHT...SENDING A WAVE
OF MOISTURE AND WARM AIR ADVECTION INTO THE GREAT LAKES. THIS WILL
SPELL A CHANCE FOR PRECIPITATION THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY. THE ETA
IS THE MOST AGGRESSIVE WITH THE WARM AIR WITH THIS SYSTEM. AT THIS
STAGE IN THE FORECAST...WILL NOT GET TOO AGGRESSIVE WITH WARMING UP
TEMPS THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY. WILL HOWEVER MENTION PRECIP TYPE AS ALL
RAIN THURSDAY NIGHT SOUTH OF I-69 AS EVEN THE GFS SOLUTION HAS
1000-850MB THICKNESS VALUES GREATER THAN 1300M IN THESE LOCALS.
WILL FORECAST TEMPS A COUPLE DEGREES ABOVE GUIDANCE TONIGHT SINCE
THE GRADIENT WILL RAPIDLY STRENGTHEN WITH THE APPROACH OF THE NEXT
SYSTEM. LOW TEMPS SHOULD ACTUALLY OCCUR DURING THE EVENING WHILE
SOME SURFACE RIDGING LINGERS OVER SE LOWER MI. WEDNESDAY NIGHT WILL
FORECAST TEMPS A COUPLE DEGREES BELOW GUIDANCE GIVEN ANOTHER SURFACE
RIDGE AXIS MOVING OVERHEAD AND MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES. I WILL NOT STRAY
MUCH FROM MAV GUIDANCE THROUGH THE REST OF THE FORECAST PERIODS.
&&
.DTX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
CONSIDINE
EXPERIMENTAL GRAPHICAL FORECASTS ARE AVAILABLE ONLINE AT
HTTP://WWW.CRH.NOAA.GOV/DTX (ALL LOWER CASE)
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI
1020 AM EST TUE DEC 30 2003
.DISCUSSION...
SFC TROUGH IS ORIENTED ACROSS SRN HALF OF LK SUPERIOR AT 15Z BUT OBS
ACROSS SUPERIOR AND UPR MI INTO NRN WI SHOWING PRESSURES HAVE ROSE
AROUND 2-3MB IN LAST COUPLE HOURS. THIS SUGGESTS THAT TROUGH IS
LOSING WHATEVER PUNCH IT HAD AND THIS MAKES SENSE AS PRIMARY
SHORTWAVE LOBE IS OVR LK SUPERIOR AND SHIFTING NE AWAY FM TROUGH.
OTHER THAN ISOLD BAND OF SNOW FM BIG BAY INTO DEERTON...CLOUDY SKIES
OVR UPR MI PRODUCING NO PCPN. RUC HAS EXCELLENT HANDLE ON SFC WINDS
AND PRESSURES AND HAVE FOLLOWED FOR UPDATE. SOUTH OF TROUGH...WHICH
IS MOST OF CWA EXCEPT KEWEENAW PENINSULA INTO PICTURED ROCKS
LAKESHORE...WILL SEE LITTLE MECHANISMS FOR ADDITIONAL PCPN AS HT
RISES SPREAD INTO AREA. CONSIDERING UPSTREAM OBS ARE TURNING UP ONLY
CLOUDY SKIES ACROSS NRN WI INTO ERN MN...WILL GO THAT ROUTE AND GO
WITH DRY FCST FOR AFTN. NORTH OF TROUGH...CKC (GRAND MARAIS, MN)
REPORTING LGT SNOW AND WITH WEAK COLD AIR ADVECTION (H85 TEMPS DROP
TO -10C OVR NW LK SUPERIOR BY LATE AFTN) AND ONSHORE FLOW OPTED TO
KEEP FLURRIES/-SHSN OVR KEWEENAW ENTIRE DAY. ANY SNOW ENDS BY LATE
AFTN WITH ATTN TURNING TO STORM SYSTEM OVR PLAINS ATTM. SNOW WITH
THAT LOW DOES NOT LOOK TO START UNTIL LATE EVENING-OVERNIGHT.
AS SHORTWAVE PRESSES FARTHER NE MAY SEE SOME BREAKS OF SUN DEVELOP
LATE DAY ALONG WI BORDER...BUT OVERALL MVFR CLOUDS (1000-3000FT)
WILL LINGER. TEMPS GOING NOWHERE FAST WITH CLOUDS AND NEUTRAL TEMP
ADVECTION. GRIDS ONLY SHOW FEW DEGREE RISE OFF CURRENT TEMPS.
&&
.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
JLA
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARQUETTE MI
345 AM EST TUE DEC 30 2003
.DISCUSSION...
MAIN FCST CONCERN IS SYSTEM FOR LATE TONIGHT/WED
08Z WV LOOP AND 500MB HEIGHT ANALYSIS OFF THE RUC SHOWED A RIDGE
ALONG THE EAST COAST...A TROUGH OVER THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...
ANOTHER RIDGE BUILDING OVER THE ROCKIES AND A TROUGH OVER THE W
COAST. BOTH TROUGHS CONTAIN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAM FEATURES.
THE ONE OVER THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HAS A SHRTWV OVER NORTHERN LAKE
SUPERIOR WITH ANOTHER SHRTWV OVER KENTUCKY. THE TROUGH ALONG THE W
COAST HAS A SHRTWV OVER NW MONTANA/SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND ANOTHER OVER
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. ANOTHER STRUNG OUT SHRTWV NOTED ALONG THE
EASTERN SIDE OF THE RIDGE OVER THE ROCKIES...EXTENDING FROM SOUTHERN
MANITOBA TO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. THIS RIDGE MOVING TOWARDS UPPER MI
NOT NEARLY AS WARM AS THE PREVIOUS ONE...WITH 500MB HEIGHTS NEARLY
300 METERS LOWER AT 40 N LATITUDE. HOWEVER...850MB TEMPS AT 00Z WERE
-5C AT RAP AND +1C AT LBF. OVER UPPER MICHIGAN... TEMPS WERE AROUND
-8C...PROVIDING LAKE ENHANCEMENT TO THE CURRENT CLOUDY SKIES AS SEEN
ON 11-3.9 UM SATELLITE IMAGERY...AND AIDING IN THE CURRENT SCATTERED
-SHSN ON KMQT RADAR. CLOUDS ALSO HELPING IN KEEPING TEMPS UP WITH
READINGS IN THE MID TO UPPER 20S AT 08Z. SATELLITE IMAGERY ALSO
SHOWED CLEAR SKIES ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE SHRTWV OVER THE PLAINS.
AT THE SFC...A WEAK TROUGH WAS ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE OF LAKE
SUPERIOR AND A RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE EXTENDED FROM MISSOURI TO
MANTIOBA. WITH WESTERLY WINDS COMING DOWN THE ROCKIES...PRESSURES
ARE FALLING WITH A LOW OVER NORTH CENTRAL WYOMING AND A WARM FRONT
EXTENDING EASTWARD TO FSD.
TODAY...SHRTWV TROUGH OVER NORTHERN LAKE SUPERIOR MOVES SE WHILE THE
RIDGING OVER THE PLAINS BUILDS IN. ORIGINAL THOUGHT WOULD HAVE THE
SFC TROUGH MOVE S...BUT WITH THE SHRTWV ALONG THE EASTERN SIDE OF
THE RIDGE MOVING ACROSS UPPER MICHIGAN AROUND NOON...THE TROUGH DOES
NOT GO ANYWHERE. DURING THE AFTERNOON...WINDS TURN TO THE SW AS THE
SFC HIGH PRES RIDGE MOVES TO THE EAST OF UPPER MI...SO THE TROUGH
PRETTY MUCH FALLS APART. 850MB TEMPS WARM ABOVE -7C DURING THE
AFTERNOON WHICH COMBINED WITH ANTICYCLONIC FLOW WILL DISSIPATE ANY
LAKE EFFECT THAT MIGHT BE GOING ON UNDERNEATH THE CURRENT CLOUDY
SKIES. THUS ANY SNOW SHOWERS OR FLURRIES SHOULD DISSIPATE THIS
MORNING. ALSO...EXPECTING THE LOW CLOUDS TO CLEAR OUT DURING THE
AFTERNOON WITH THE PASSAGE OF THE SECOND SHRTWV...BUT BE FOLLOWED UP
QUICKLY BY MID/HIGH CLOUDS (ALREADY PRESENT IN WESTERN SOUTH
DAKOTA). WITH LITTLE SUNSHINE TODAY...TEMPS WILL ONLY A RISE A
FEW DEGREES OFF OF CURRENT READINGS.
TONIGHT...SHRTWV OVER NW MONTANA MOVES TO CENTRAL LAKE SUPERIOR BY
12Z WED...PULLING THE SFC LOW UP TO STANNARD ROCK. WARM
ADVECTION/ISENTROPIC LIFT FROM A 40 KT LOW LEVEL JET AT 850MB AHEAD
OF THE LOW...COMBINED WITH RAPIDLY FALLING HEIGHTS AFTER MIDNIGHT...
WILL HELP INCREASE VERTICAL MOTION ACROSS THE U.P.. SOURCE REGION OF
AIR FOR THIS EVENING...OVER OMAHA AND RAPID CITY...SHOW DEWPOINT
DEPRESSION OF NEARLY 10C FROM THE SFC TO 600MB. FIGURE MUCH OF THE
VERTICAL MOTION OCCURRING DURING THE EVENING WILL BE USED IN
MOISTENING THE AIR...THEN IT SHOULD BEGIN SNOWING AROUND MIDNIGHT.
AFTER THE COLD FRONT PASSES THE WESTERN U.P. DURING THE OVERNIGHT
HOURS...WINDS WILL KICK UP AS PRESSURES RISE ABOUT 2 MB/HR ALONG
WITH THE 15 TO 25 KT SFC WINDS. ALSO...WITH 850MB TEMPS FALLING TO
-10C BEHIND THE FRONT AND INVERSIONS RISING TO 6-7 KFT...EXPECT LAKE
EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS TO FORM OVER WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR...SPREADING
INTO WESTERN UPPER MICHIGAN AROUND 09Z. SNOWFALL RATES WILL HAVE TO
BE WATCHED AS BEST OMEGA OCCURS IN A NEAR SATURATED LAYER IN BETWEEN
THE -12C AND -17C ISOTHERM. FOR NOW HAVE PUT UP TO 5 INCHES WITH
THIS SYSTEM AND A LAKE EFFECT SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW ADVISORY MAY BE
NEEDED ON THE NEXT SHIFT FOR THE FOUR WESTERN COUNTIES. MIN TEMPS
STAYING ABOVE NORMAL WITH CLOUDS AND BREEZY CONDITIONS...FORECASTING
AROUND 18 INTERIOR TO 23 OVER THE EAST.
NEW YEARS EVE...SFC LOW AND SHRTWV QUICKLY MOVE E...WITH THE SFC LOW
REACHING SW QUEBEC BY 00Z THU AND ANOTHER HIGH PRES RIDGE MOVING TO
DLH AT THE SAME TIME. WINDY CONDITIONS WITH LAKE EFFECT SNOW WILL
CONTINUE DURING THE MORNING...BUT THEN AS FLOW TURNS ANTICYCLONIC
OVER WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR...DRY AIR ADVECTS IN (RH'S OF LESS THAN
30 PERCENT ABOVE 5000 FT) AND INVERSIONS FALL TO 2500 FT...EXPECT
THE SNOW TO DIMINISH IN THE AFTERNOON. WITH COLD ADVECTION AND LAKE
CLOUDS...TEMPS WILL HAVE A HARD TIME RISING. LOW TO MID 20S SHOULD
HOLD WEST AND CENTRAL AND NEAR 30 EAST.
NEW YEARS EVE NIGHT...SFC HIGH PRES RIDGE CROSSES UPPER MI DURING
THE NIGHT WITH RETURN FLOW SETTING UP LATE IN THE WESTERN AND
CENTRAL U.P.. EXPECTING LAKE EFFECT CLOUDS TO FALL APART IN THE
EVENING...WITH SOME HIGH CLOUDS PASSING ACROSS UPPER MICHIGAN DURING
THE NIGHT AS A 110 KT JET SETS UP ALONG THE U.S. - CANADIAN BORDER.
SHOULD BE A GOOD RADIATIONAL COOLING NIGHT WITH WINDS BECOMING
LIGHT...FRESH SNOW COVER AND ONLY A FEW CLOUDS DURING THE OVERNIGHT.
MAV GUIDANCE SHOWS LOWS AROUND 10 ABOVE AND THIS LOOKS REASONABLE.
WOULD NOT BE SURPRISED TO SEE TRADITIONAL COLD SPOTS SUCH AS AMASA
AND CLARKSBURG TO DROP INTO THE SINGLE DIGITS BEFORE THE WIND PICKS
UP LATE.
NEW YEARS DAY AND NIGHT...UNCERTAINITY HERE REGARDING NEXT SHRTWV
COMING OUT OF THE PACIFIC NW. ETA/CANADIAN MUCH FASTER...BRINGING A
SFC LOW AND COLD FRONT TO MN BY 00Z FRI...WHEREAS THE GFS/UKMET HAVE
IT OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS AT THE SAME TIME. HPC PREFERENCE IS FOR A
COMPROMISE GIVEN THE UNCERTAINITY. WARM ADVECTION AHEAD OF THE
SYSTEM WILL HELP BRING 850MB TEMPS UP TO -4C BY 18Z THU. ALONG WITH
THE WARM ADVECTION...ISENTROPIC LIFT WILL INCREASE...WHICH MAY BE
ENOUGH TO PRODUCE SOME PRECIP IN THE AFTERNOON. IF THE GFS PANS
OUT...THE PRECIPITATION WOULD BE IN THE FORM OF SNOW...BUT IF THE
ETA/CANADIAN PAN OUT...PRECIP WILL BE IN THE FORM OF FREEZING RAIN.
THUS WILL ADD A POTENTIAL FOR FREEZING RAIN TO THE CHANCE OF SNOW IN
THE FORECAST. TEMPS WARMER THAN WED DUE TO THE WARM ADVECTION AND
SOUTHERLY WINDS. WILL BUMP UP HIGHS TO AROUND 30.
REST OF FORECAST REMAINS THE SAME. UNCERTAINITY STILL REMAINS FOR
FRI THROUGH SUN SYSTEM. GFS RUNS HAVE BEEN CONSISTENT...SHOWING RAIN
HERE FOR FRI NIGHT FOLLOWED BY COLDER AIR MOVING IN ON SAT.
HOWEVER...00Z UKMET/CANADIAN AND 12Z ECMWF ALL POINT TO HAVING
SNOW...POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT. WILL PASS ALONG TO DAY SHIFT THESE
CONCERNS.
&&
.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&
$$
AJ
</PRE></TT></td> mi
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
220 PM EST TUE DEC 30 2003
.DISC...COLD FRONT BLEW THROUGH PRETTY MUCH ON SCHEDULE THIS
MORNING. AHEAD OF FRONT A FEW POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN REPORTED...AS
WELL AS SOME TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS DUE TO ICE. LATEST RUC ANALYSIS SHOWS
STRONG SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENT AND 3HR PRESSURE RISES OF 6 TO 7 MB
PRODUCING GUSTY WINDS. RADAR SHOWING UPSLOPE/LAKE EFFECT SHOWERS
OVER WESTERN AREAS. TEMPS/OBS INDICATE RW-/SW- IN THE VALLEYS AND
SW- OVER MOUNTAINS.
NEXT COUPLE OF DAYS LOOK DRY OVER MOST OF AREA. WEAK CLIPPER GOES BY
TO NORTH OF AREA TOMORROW. SYSTEM HAS DYNAMICS BUT LITTLE MOISTURE.
KEPT SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS OVER ADIRONDACKS. PARTLY CLOUDY
ELSEWHERE. AFTER SYSTEM PASSES WINDS GO NORTHWEST FOR A TIME AND
TEMP AND SHEAR PROFILES SHOW SOME LIGHT LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE
THURSDAY OVER ADIRONDACKS. DRY ELSEWHERE.
THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY...WARM ADVECTION SNOW INDICATED BY MODELS.
VERY LIGHT ACCUMULATIONS EXPECTED. A LITTLE BREAK EXPECTED FRIDAY
NIGHT BEFORE COLD FRONT APPROACHES THE AREA ON SATURDAY.
.EXTENDED...FORECASTING WILL GET DICEY (AND POSSIBLY ICY) LATER IN
THE WEEKEND. THINGS SHOULD BE WARM ENOUGH FOR ALL RAIN ON SATURDAY.
BY SATURDAY NIGHT...A SHALLOW SLOPED ARCTIC COLD FRONT IS FORECAST
BY THE GFS TO UNDERCUT THE WARMER AIR ALOFT AS IT SLOWLY OOZES SOUTH
ACROSS THE REGION. THIS COULD SPELL PROBLEMS AS THE FLOW ALOFT
REMAINS SOUTHWEST. I CONTINUED TREND OF PREVIOUS CREW WITH
FREEZING/FROZEN PRECIPITATION SUNDAY INTO MONDAY. FOLLOWED 00/12Z
GFS ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE AND LOWERED TEMPS ENOUGH FOR ALL SNOW ON
MONDAY AS WAVE MOVES ALONG THE FRONT.
.AVIATION...CURRENT ALBANY RADAR VAD WIND PROFILE SHOWS 35-45 KNOTS
OF WIND FROM THE WEST NORTHWEST BETWEEN 3 AND 5 THOUSAND FEET. SFC
WIND GUSTS TO 40 MPH POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING AS WINDS
MIX DOWN UNTIL AFTER SUNSET. GENERALLY...VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED
THROUGH TOMORROW. LOCALLY MVFR IN SNOW SHOWERS...ESPECIALLY OVER
HIGHER TERRAIN.
.HYDROLOGY...DRY CONDITIONS OR FROZEN PRECIPITATION EXPECTED THROUGH
FRIDAY. STAGES EXPECTED TO RISE SLIGHTLY THIS EVENING FROM TODAYS
RAIN...THEN FALL SLOWLY OVER NEXT FEW DAYS.
.ALY...NONE.
$$
SND
</PRE></TT></td> ny
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
1210 AM EST TUE DEC 30 2003
.DISC...FORCED TO DO AN EARLY MORNING UPDATE DUE TO TEMPERATURES
WELL BELOW ADVERTISED LOWS AT KGFL. BELIEVE THE REAL THREAT FOR
FREEZING RAIN IS IN THE PART OF THE UPPER HUDSON VALLEY...SOUTH TO
ABOUT SARATOGA SPRINGS FOR THE EARLY MORNING. HAVE MAD MINOR
ADJUSTMENTS THE TIMING OF ONSET OF PRECIPITATION. NO CHANGES TO
LATER PERIODS.
.ALY...NONE.
_____________________________________________________________________
**********PREVIOUS AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION*****************
.ANOTHER SPRING-LIKE DAY ACROSS THE CWA WITH ABUNDANT SUNSHINE AND
TEMPERATURES GENERALLY IN THE 40S AND 50S...RETURN TO SEASONABLE
WEATHER LATE TOMORROW THROUGH FRIDAY.
.DISC...AT 1 PM...COLD FRONT EXTENDED FROM ABOUT CHICAGO TO NEW
ORLEANS. UPPER FLOW NEARLY PARALLEL TO FRONT SO EASTWARD PROGRESS IS
SLOW. RUC ANALYSIS SHOWING 160 KT JET MAX OVER UPPER GREAT LAKES.
COLD FRONT PROGGED THROUGH AREA DURING MORNING TOMORROW. AHEAD OF
FRONT RAIN AND RAIN SHOWERS EXPECTED. THERE MAY BE A FEW ISOLATED
POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN TOMORROW MORNING IN SHELTERED VALLEYS.
DEWPOINTS STILL BELOW FREEZING ACROSS CWA AND MODELS SHOWING GOOD
RADIATIONAL COOLING CONDITIONS UNTIL JUST BEFORE SUNRISE WHEN CLOUDS
RAPIDLY INCREASE AND PRECIPITATION MOVES IN. SIMILAR SITUATIONS
HAVE OCCURRED AT LEAST TWICE IN LAST 10 DAYS WITH MANY TRAFFIC
ACCIDENTS. WILL ISSUE SPS TO HIGHLIGHT POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS DRIVING
CONDITIONS FOR MORNING COMMUTE.
BY 18Z TOMORROW...FRONT THROUGH ALL BUT FAR EASTERN COUNTIES. ETA
THERMAL PROFILES SHOW RAPID COOLING AND DESTABILIZATION OF
ATMOSPHERE BEHIND FRONT BETWEEN 15Z AND 18Z. ETA/AVN CRANK OUT A
TENTH OR TWO OF LIQUID AS SNOW OVER NORTHWESTERN AREAS TOMORROW
AFTERNOON AND EVENING SO A FEW INCHES OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE
IN FAVORED AREAS.
ANOTHER WEAK FRONT PUSHES THROUGH ON WEDNESDAY. WENT CHANCE SNOW FOR
NORTHERN AREAS AND HIGHER TERRAIN SOUTH. SEASONABLE WEATHER
CONTINUES INTO FRIDAY WITH SCT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS THURSDAY AND
OVERRUNNING/WARM ADVECTION SNOW POSSIBLE FOR FRIDAY. LOOKS TO BE
LIGHT AT THIS TIME.
EXTENDED...12Z ENSEMBLES MUCH SLOWER THAN 12Z OPERATIONAL GFS WITH
VERY COLD AIR NOW OVER WEST. WET SYSTEM PROGGED IN FOR WEEKEND AND
WAVY FRONT WILL LINGER THROUGH MONDAY...WITH PERIODS OF RAIN...ALTHO
SOME SNOW POSSIBLE FOR NORTHERN HERKIMER/HAMILTON COUNTIES. COLD
ARCTIC AIR WILL GRADUALLY WORK ITS WAY EAST BY NEXT TUESDAY. IF GFS
ENSEMBLES ARE CORRECT...TEMPERATURES MAY BE BELOW NORMAL MIDDLE OF
NEXT WEEK.
.AVIATION...VFR CONDS WILL PERSIST UNTIL 12Z. -SHRA WILL PUSH INTO
RGN ARND 12Z AND THERE MAY BE ISOLD AREAS WITH -FZRA UNTIL ARND 15Z
TUE.
.HYDROLOGICAL DISCUSSION...NO HYDRO PROBLEMS AT LEAST THROUGH
FRIDAY. RAINFALL TUESDAY SHOULD BE UNDER A HALF INCH AND NOT BE
ENOUGH TO PRODUCE MUCH OF A RESPONSE FROM AREA STREAMS AND RIVERS.
.ALY...SPS FOR ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN TUESDAY MORNING.
FINAL GRIDS DONE.
$$
SND
</PRE></TT></td> ny
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
230 PM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
FCST CONCERNS...SNOW THIS EVENING...THEN TEMPS...THEN STORM TRACK
FRI NIGHT.
MODELS HANDLING CURRENT SYSTEM FINE...WITH RUC/ETA VERIFYING QUITE
WELL WITH MAX QPF PLACEMENT. AS FOR LATER PDS...AS DISCUSSED ON
COORD CHAT 12Z GFS AN OUTLIER WITH SFC LOW FROM WRN MT INTO NE MT ON
FRIDAY...VERSUS ETA/NOGAPS/CANADIAN/UKMET VERSION WITH SFC LOW THRU
SD. PREFER THIS SD TRACK FOR NOW. WILL UPDATE HWO FOR SNOW THREAT
FRI NIGHT AND FOR LOW WIND CHILLS AND COLD THIS WEEKEND.
.SHORT TERM...
RUC 295K OMEGA NAILING WHERE COLDEST CLOUDS ARE WITH HEAVIEST SNOW
ON SRN EDGE OF THIS. MOVEMENT OF THIS IS SLIGHTLY DUE NORTH OF
EAST...WHICH WOULD TAKE HEAVIEST SNOWS JUST NORTH OF A VALLEY CITY
TO PARK RAPIDS LINE...AND JUST SOUTH OF A GRAND FORKS TO THIEF RIVER
FALLS LINE. IN GRIDDS...HAD MAX OF AROUND 3 INCHES IN THIS AREA
TAPPERING TO AN INCH OR LESS FAR SOUTH AND NORTHWEST PARTS OF THE
FCST AREA. TIMING WISE...WENT CATGEORICAL SNOW THIS EVENING MOST
AREAS...ENDING IN THE ERN ZONES (BJI-BDE-PKD) BY 09Z.
.LONGER TERM...
WK SFC RIDGE WORKS IN ON WEDNESDAY WITH WINDS TURNING TO THE SOUTH
IN THE AFTN. WEAK SHORT WAVE ENERGY DOES SOUTHEAST OUT OF MANITOBA
WITH SOME FLURRY POTENTIAL ACROSS NW MN IN THE AFTN AND EVENING.
PROBLEM WED NIGHT AND THURSDAY ARE TEMPS. SOUTH WINDS TO HOLD UP
WED NIGHT SO HAD TEMP FALL IN THE EVENING THEN RISING TEMPS
OVERNIGHT WITH 20S PSBL ON THURSDAY...THOUGH FRESH SNOW COVER AND
LIGHT WIND REGIME AT THE SFC MAY PLAY HAVOC ON THIS.
AS FOR FRIDAY SYSTEM...EXCEPT FOR 12Z GFS...MODELS IN GOOD AGREEMENT
IN TAKING STORM THAT MOVES ONSHORE NRN CALIFORNIA AND SRN OREGON
INTO WYOMING ON FRIDAY WITH SFC LOW DEVELOPING AND MOVING ACROSS SD
INTO CNTRL/SRN MN BY EARLY SATURDAY. ETA REALLY BULLISH WITH QPF AT
12Z WITH NEARLY .40 LIQUID IN SE ND/WCNTRL MN FRI AFTN. ENOUGH
CAUTION STILL SO KEPT 50 POPS WITH THIS SYSTEM.
.EXTENDED (SAT-TUE)...
QUITE A BIT OF UNCERTAINTLY REMAINS WITH SFC LOW TRACK INTO SAT (SEE
PMDEPD) SO WILL BASICALLY STICK WITH THE STATUS QUO FOR NOW WITH
PCPN ON SAT. 12Z GFS TRACK IS NORTH OF THE BORDER WHILE THE ETA
WEAKER AND ACROSS SOUTHERN MN. GFS TRYING TO SHOW ANOTHER WEAK
SYSTEM MON (CLIPPING SOUTHEAST FA) WHICH THE CANADIAN ALSO SHOWS.
WITH THE POLAR VORTEX DROPPING SOUTH SHIFTING THE UPPER JET SOUTH AS
WELL...AM HESITANT TO ADD PCPN FOR NOW. TREND OF BRINGING COLDEST
AIR OF THE SEASON SOUTH EARLY NEXT WEEK STILL LOOKS ON TRACK. GFS
AND ECMWF BOTH AGREE IN SHOWING 1000-500MB THICKNESSES BEGINNING
THEIR PLUNGE SUN...SO NO MAJOR CHANGES TO PREVIOUS GRIDS.
WILL UPDATE HWO TO MENTION CHC SNOW LATE FRIDAY-EARLY SATURDAY AND
TO HIGHLIGHT COLD THIS WEEKEND. GRIDDED WINDCHILLS HIT BELOW -40F IN
THE NORTH SUN NIGHT. TOO FAR AWAY FOR ANY WATCH.
&&
.FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
ND...NONE.
MN...NONE.
&&
$$
RIDDLE/GODON
</PRE></TT></td> nd
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1010 AM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
GOING FCST ON TRACK AND NO CHANGES ATTM TO SNOW AMOUNTS WITH
UPCOMING SYSTEM. AFTER A COLD START HOW WARM CAN IT GET WILL BE THE
MAIN CHALLENGE THIS AFTN.
15Z SATELLITE AND RUC ANALYSIS SHOWS NICE VORT OVER SE MT...MOVING
JUST SOUTH OF DUE EAST. VORT PROGGED TO MOVE THRU EXTREME SRN ND TO
NR SISSETON SD BY 03Z. SFC LOW IN ECNTRL WYOMING AND SW SD WILL
MOVE EAST ALONG WARM FRONT CURRENTLY IN SRN SD AND BE LOCATED NR
BROOKINGS SD AT 00Z AND INTO WCNTRL/SW MN AT 03Z.
ATTM...OBSERVATIONS AND RUC PROG INDICATE HEAVIEST AREA OF SNOW JUST
ON TIP OF VORT WHICH WOULD PUT MAX SNOW BAND THRU CNTRL
ND...ROUGHTLY BETWEEN HIGHWAY TWO AND INTERSTATE 94 IN ND...AND
TOWARD BJI/PKD IN MN THIS EVENING. TIMING WISE...LOOKS LIKE
SPREADING INTO THE VALLEY LATE AFTN AND INTO MN EARLY
EVENING...LASTING ABT 6 HOURS. WILL SLIGHTLY ADJUST TIMING IN VALLEY
ZONES TO PUT SNOW ACCUM INTO TONIGHT ZFP GROUP AND UP WORDING TO -SN
LIKELY THIS EVENING. THOUGHT ABOUT SPLITTING FAR NORTH AND FAR
SOUTH FOR LESSER AMTS...BUT WILL MAINTAIN 1-3 RANGE OVER THE AREA
UNTIL MORE CERTAIN OF EXACT TRACK. WINDS NOT A BIG DEAL WITH THIS
SYSTEM SO BLOWING SNOW WITH THIS ARCTIC FLUFF NOT A MAJOR
PROBLEM...THUS NO HEADLINES NEEDED.
AFTN TEMPS WILL HAVE A HARD TIME RISING MUCH ABV ZERO IN THE DVL
BASIN WHERE LOWS LAST NIGHT DROPPED TO NEAR 20 BELOW AT LANGDON AND
RUGBY. WILL ADJUST SOME HIGHS DOWNWARD AS CLOUDS INCREASE AND WINDS
NOT ALL THAT STRONG.
&&
.FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
ND...NONE.
MN...NONE.
&&
$$
RIDDLE
</PRE></TT></td> nd
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1123 AM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
WILL UPDATE TO NUDGE AFTERNOON HIGHS UP A TAD. USING 15Z RUC FOR
3-HR DEWPOINT AND WIND GRIDS...WHICH BRINGS AFTERNOON RH DOWN
TO 5-10 PCT OUT W. RED FLAG WARNING CONTINUES W OF I-35. SKIES
CHANGED TO MOSTLY SUNNY E AS CIRRUS IS THIN...AND THICKER STUFF NOW
MOVING INTO NW TX WILL ONLY REACH W ZONES THIS AFTERNOON.
CONTINUING TO LOOK CLOSELY AT A VERY TOUGH FCST REGARDING ARRIVAL OF
COLD AIR THIS WEEKEND. INITIAL THINKING IS THAT FASTER/COLDER WILL
BE THE BETTER FORECAST BASED ON CLIMO AND TYPICAL MODEL BIASES...BUT
A LOT WILL DEPEND ON MESOSCALE/SHORTWAVE DETAILS WITHIN THE FAST
FLOW THRU THE LONGWAVE TROF. MODELS WILL STRUGGLE WITH THESE AS WELL.
FCSTID = 24
OKC 58 34 60 42 / 00 00 00 30
HBR 60 34 59 41 / 00 00 00 30
SPS 62 35 61 46 / 00 00 00 30
GAG 61 27 52 37 / 00 00 00 30
PNC 58 33 51 40 / 00 00 00 10
DUA 60 37 61 49 / 00 00 00 20
359 AM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
A TIGHTENING PRESSURE GRADIENT IS ALREADY BEGINNING TO CRANK UP THE
WIND SPEEDS ACROSS THE AREA. IT SHOULD BE OUTRIGHT WINDY BY
AFTERNOON OVER MOST OF OUR FORECAST AREA. COMBINING THAT WITH THE
VERY DRY AIR IN PLACE... MOST OF OUR FORECAST AREA WILL REACH RED
FLAG CRITERIA. WE WILL HAVE A RED FLAG WARNING FOR THIS AFTERNOON
GENERALLY FROM I-35 WEST TO THE PANHANDLES. EAST OF I-35...
RELATIVE HUMIDITIES WILL BE SOMEWHAT HIGHER... AND DROUGHT INDICES
ARE MUCH LESS FAVORABLE FOR WILDFIRES.
A MINOR COLD FRONT WILL DROOP INTO NORTHERN OKLAHOMA WEDNESDAY...
LOWERING TEMPERATURES A BIT... THEN RECEDE NORTH AS STRONGER LOW
PRESSURE STRENGTHENS TO OUR WEST.
THE NEXT MAJOR SYSTEM WILL CROSS THE REGION THURSDAY... NEW YEARS
DAY... BRINGING WIDESPREAD RAIN TO MOST OF OUR FORECAST AREA...
ESPECIALLY THE SOUTHEAST. A FEW THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE LIKELY ALONG
WITH THE RAIN IN OUR SOUTHEASTERN COUNTIES ON THURSDAY. INSTABILITY
LOOKS TOO WEAK TO SUPPORT THUNDER ELSEWHERE.
ANOTHER COLD FRONT IS SCHEDULED TO ARRIVE SATURDAY... BRINGING A
NOTICEABLE COOL-DOWN. SOME PRECIPITATION MIGHT OCCUR WITH THIS
SYSTEM... BUT THE CHANCES ARE TOO LOW RIGHT NOW TO ADD TO THE
FORECAST.
THINGS GO DOWNHILL FROM THERE. IF THE GFS IS ANYWHERE CLOSE TO
RIGHT WITH THE PATTERN ON MONDAY... THE VERY COLD AIRMASS TO OUR
NORTH SHOULD CONTINUE OOZING SOUTH... CONTRARY TO THE GFS PLAN OF
SPINNING UP A STRONG LOW OVER SOUTHWEST KANSAS ON TUESDAY. AS A
RESULT... WE HAVE ASSUMED A MORE SOUTHWESTERLY POSITION OF THAT LOW
AND PLAN ON CONTINUED NORTHERLY SURFACE FLOW AND CHILLY TEMPERATURES
OVER OKLAHOMA AND NORTH TEXAS. EVEN COLDER AIR COULD ARRIVE LATER
IN THE WEEK... BUT TIMING AND MAGNITUDE ARE VERY UNCERTAIN AT THIS
POINT. IN THE WORST CASE SCENARIO... TEMPERATURES COULD REMAIN WELL
BELOW FREEZING DURING THE DAYTIME ONCE THE CORE OF THE COLD AIR
ARRIVES.
FCSTID = 23 = CMS
.OUN...
OK...RED FLAG WARNING THIS AFTERNOON...APPROXIMATELY FROM I-35 WEST
TX...RED FLAG WARNING THIS AFTERNOON...ALL ZONES
</PRE></TT></td> ok
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ABERDEEN SD
325 PM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT
FORECAST ISSUES FOR SHORT TERM WILL BE PRECIP CHANCES FOR THIS
EVENING AND FRIDAY ALONG WITH TEMPERATURES.
SHORT WAVE TROUGH AXIS JUST APPROACHING WESTERN DAKOTAS WITH SMALL
SCALE VORT LOBE PUSHING THROUGH SOUTHERN NORTH DAKOTA AT THIS TIME.
ENHANCED SNOWFALL HAS REMAINED NORTH OF CWA ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL
NORTH DAKOTA. AREA OF ENHANCED REFLECTIVITY MATCHING UP NICELY JUST
ON WARM SIDE OF MID LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS AXIS DRAPED ACROSS CENTRAL
NORTH DAKOTA. RUC FORECASTING THIS MID LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS AXIS TO
DRIFT EAST/NORTHEAST INTO EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA TONIGHT AS VORT LOBE
ACROSS SOUTHERN NORTH DAKOTA SWINGS THROUGH BASE OF SHORT WAVE.
WITH FORCING REMAINING NORTH OF CWA TONIGHT DO NOT SEE A NEED FOR
ANYTHING MORE THAN A CONTINUATION OF LOW CHANCE POPS MAINLY JUST
ACROSS FAR NORTHERN CWA. WINDS ALSO A CONCERN THIS EVENING. MSAS
DATA SHOWING SURFACE PRESSURE RISES STRENGTHENING ACROSS SOUTHWEST
SOUTH DAKOTA AND RUC/MESOETA PROGS TAKE THESE PRESSURE RISES AND
STRONGEST LOW LEVEL CAA INTO SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA/EASTERN NEBRASKA
TONIGHT. WILL HAVE TO CONTEND WITH FEW HOURS OF BREEZY/WINDY
CONDITIONS ACROSS WESTERN CWA THIS EVENING BEFORE PRESSURE RISES
DRIFT SOUTHEAST AND DECOUPLING BEGINS TO OCCUR. WITH SPEED OF
SYSTEM SHOULD SEE GOOD DECOUPLING ACROSS ALL BUT MAYBE EXTREME
EASTERN CWA. THUS...WILL SEE ANOTHER NIGHT OF GOOD RADIATIONAL
COOLING...ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTHWEST CWA WHERE 2-3 INCH SNOW COVER
REMAINS. DID NOT ALTER TEMPS MUCH FROM PREVIOUS FORECASTER IN THIS
AREA WITH LOWS FROM 0 TO 5 ABOVE.
FOR WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON LEE TYPE TROUGH/WARM FRONT LIFTS INTO CWA
WITH GOOD DOSE OF LOW/MID LEVEL WAA. ONCE AGAIN LITTLE CHANGE
NEEDED IN TERMS OF MAX TEMP GRIDS FOR WED AFTERNOON. WILL STILL
HAVE SOME MIXING ISSUES TO DEAL WITH ACROSS NORTHEAST CWA WITH
WEAKER BL WINDS. TEMPS RANGING FROM MID 30S SOUTHWEST TO LOWER 20S
FAR NORTHEAST STILL LOOK IN THE BALLPARK. ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT SHOULD
SEE MINIMAL DIURNAL TEMP DROPOFF WITH SOUTH WINDS AND CONTINUATION
OF GOOD LOW LEVEL WAA. WEAK TROUGH PASSAGE ANTICIPATED ON THURSDAY
BUT NOT MUCH COLD AIR ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WEAK WAVE IN MID LEVEL
ZONAL FLOW...SO STILL LOOKING LIKE WARMEST DAY OF SHORT TERM WITH
TEMPS RUNNING A GOOD 15 DEGREES ABOVE NORMAL.
FORECAST GETS A BIT MORE MUDDLED FOR THURSDAY NIGHT FRIDAY. BROAD
UPPER TROUGH CURRENTLY ACROSS GULF OF ALASKA IS PROGGED BY ETA/GFS
TO DROP INTO PACIFIC NORTHWEST BUT DISAGREEMENT ARISES IN SMALLER
SCALE WAVES EJECTING INTO NORTHER TIER OF CONUS FOR FRIDAY. GFS
TAKES A MORE AMPLIFIED WAVE EAST INTO THE GREAT BASIN REGION WHILE
ETA IS FURTHER SOUTH AND WEAKER. GFS SOLUTION IS AN OUTLIER WITH
ETA LINING UP BETTER WITH NOGAPS/CANADIAN. WENT WITH MODEL
CONSENSUS AS GFS HAS NOT BEEN SHOWING MUCH CONSISTENCY WITH THIS
PATTERN. DID INSERT CHANCE POPS FOR SOME LIGHT SNOW ACROSS NORTHERN
TIER OF CWA FOR FRIDAY AFTERNOON IN GOING MORE WITH AN ETA TYPE
SOLUTION. DID LOWER TEMPS A BIT ON FRIDAY NIGHT WITH GOOD CAA
EXPECTED BEHIND THIS WAVE. MARSILI
.LONG TERM...SATURDAY THROUGH TUESDAY
MEDIUM RANGE MODELS COMING INTO LINE WITH STRONG COLD AIR ADVECTION
AND ARCTIC SURFACE HIGH DROPPING INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS DAY 6 AND
BEYOND. OVERALL PATTERN APPEARS STABLE SO EXPECT LITTLE FLIP-FLOP
OR RUN-TO-RUN VARIATION FOR THE NEXT FEW DAYS. ARCTIC DOME SETTLES
IN BY END OF PERIOD AND MODIFIES SLOWLY IN THE OUT PERIODS. TUESDAY
MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE ARCTIC DEEP FREEZE FOR CWA WITH THE NORTH
AND EASTERN ZONES AFFECTED THE MOST. SHORTWAVES EMBEDDED IN DOMINANT
FLOW WILL INDUCE AMPLIFIED PATTERN. MOISTURE APPEARS LIMITED BUT
MAY SEE SOME PRECIP FROM CHILLED ATMOSPHERE AND ACCOMPANYING WRING
OUT. EXPECT LITTLE WARMING UNTIL A STRONGER PACIFIC MARITIME SYSTEM
CAN MANEUVER ACROSS THE ROCKIES AND SCOUR THE PLAINS. THIS PROBABLY
WILL NOT OCCUR UNTIL WELL BEYOND THE FORECAST PERIOD. MCNULTY
&&
.ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...NONE.
MN...NONE.
&&
$$
</PRE></TT></td> sd
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI
218 PM CST TUE DEC 30 2003
.SYNOPSIS...
WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWING A VIGOROUS SHORTWAVE CENTERED NEAR KISN
AT 1845Z. LOOP OF THIS DATA SHOWS THIS FEATURE MOVING DUE EAST.
STRONG FORCING AHEAD OF THIS SHORTWAVE HAS BEEN PRODUCING SOME SNOW
ACROSS THE DAKOTAS NORTH OF INTERSTATE 90. SURFACE ANALYSIS AT 18Z
DEPICTS LOW PRESSURE CENTERED JUST EAST OF KPIR. A WARM FRONT
EXTENDS FROM THIS LOW TO THE EAST ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE
FORECAST AREA ALONG THE IOWA/MINNESOTA BORDER. IN THE WARM SECTOR...
CLOUDS ARE RATHER MINIMAL...SOUTHERLY WINDS ARE 20G30 KNOTS...
DEWPOINT RECOVERY IS MINIMAL /MID 20S AT BEST/ AND TEMPERATURES ARE
IN THE 35-45 DEGREE RANGE.
&&
.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY
MAIN FORECAST FOCUS IS THE IMPACT THE ABOVE MENTIONED SHORTWAVE WILL
HAVE ON THE FORECAST AREA AS IT MOVES THROUGH. FORECASTER
CONFIDENCE IS MEDIUM.
30/12Z ETA/GFS/RUC ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE TIMING AND
AMPLITUDE OF THE FEATURE OVER THE PLAINS THIS MORNING. THEY ARE
ALSO IN GOOD AGREEMENT AS IT MOVES THROUGH TONIGHT. THE MAIN
DIFFERENCE IS THE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE PRESENT IN THE LOWER LEVELS OF
THE ATMOSPHERE. THIS WILL DIRECTLY AFFECT THE PROBABILITY OF
PRECIPITATION.
FORECAST OF ETA/GFS/RUC FORCING IN THE MID LEVELS IS VERY SIMILAR.
BOTH ARE QUITE STRONG. HOWEVER...THE ETA/RUC ARE MUCH DRIER THAN THE
GFS. THIS MEANS THAT MUCH OF THE FORCING WOULD BE NEEDED TO SATURATE
THE COLUMN BEFORE SNOW COULD BE PRODUCED IF YOU AGREE WITH THE
ETA/RUC SOLUTIONS.
LOOKING OVER THE CURRENT DATA...LAPS SOUNDINGS DO SHOW A PRONOUNCED
DRY AREA IN THE LOWER LEVELS. SURFACE DEWPOINT DEPRESSIONS ARE
15-20 DEGREES. AND THE DISTURBANCE IS MOVING DUE EAST. GIVEN
THESE 3 FACTORS...ACCEPT THE MODELS SOLUTIONS OF PUSHING THE BULK OF
THE SNOW TO THE NORTH. HAVE MADE GRID ADJUSTMENTS ACCORDINGLY.
.LONG TERM...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY
THE ECMWF/MRF 500 MB MEANS CONTINUE TO FORECAST A NEGATIVE HEIGHT
ANOMALY DEVELOPING OVER CENTRAL CANADA. EVENTUALLY...A MEAN TROUGH
WILL DEVELOP OVER THE UNITED STATES. THERE WILL BE 2 PROGRESSIONS
DURING THIS TIME FRAME.
THE FIRST...AS THE NEGATIVE ANOMALY DEVELOPS...THE FLOW ACROSS THE
STATES WILL FLATTEN OUT INTO MORE OF A ZONAL TYPE PATTERN. THIS
WILL KEEP TEMPERATURES ABOVE NORMAL WITH MINIMAL SENSIBLE WEATHER
IMPACTS.
THE SECOND WILL BE TROUGHING DEVELOPING OVER THE STATES AS THE
NEGATIVE ANOMALY STRENGTHENS. THIS WILL PRODUCE A DOWNWARD TREND IN
TEMPERATURES AND CAUSE A SERIES OF SYSTEMS TO MOVE THROUGH THE
REGION. THIS COULD BE A VERY COLD PERIOD...BUT JUST HOW COLD IS
CONTINGENT ON SNOW COVER. THE MODELS ARE SHOWING SOME VERY COLD AIR
MOVING INTO THE REGION /-35C AT 850MB/. HOWEVER...IF THERE IS A LACK
OF SNOW COVER...DON'T SEE TEMPERATURES DROPPING WELL BELOW ZERO AS
WOULD BE THE CASE WITH A REASONABLE SNOW PACK. AS A RESULT...WENT
ABOVE GUIDANCE UNTIL CONFIDENCE IN SNOW COVER CAN BE OBTAINED. WITH
THAT SAID...AN INCREASE IN WEATHER ACTIVITY...WHICH IS ANTICIPATED...
COULD PRODUCE A REASONABLE SNOW COVER. HOWEVER...THE CLOUDS WITH
THESE SYSTEM WOULD THEN KEEP TEMPERATURES UP A BIT.
&&
.ARX...WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IA...NONE.
MN...NONE.
WI...NONE.
&&
$$
KRC
</PRE></TT></td> wi
| en |
converted_docs | 449823 | **Before the**
**Federal Communications Commission**
**Washington, D.C. 20554**
+----------------------------------+---+------------------------------+
| In the Matter of | * | CC Docket No. 97-172 |
| | * | |
| Petition of U S WEST | ) | |
| Communications, Inc. | * | |
| | * | |
| for a Declaratory Ruling | | |
| Regarding the | * | |
| | * | |
| Provision of National Directory | ) | |
| Assistance | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
+----------------------------------+---+------------------------------+
**ORDER ON RECONSIDERATION**
**Adopted:** August 28, 2002 **Released:** September 6, 2002
By the Commission:
# introduction
1. In the *NDA Order*, the Commission concluded that U S WEST's
nonlocal directory assistance service to its in-region subscribers
constitutes the provision of in-region, interLATA service, as
defined in section 271(a) of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended (the Act).[^1] It also concluded that a Bell Operating
Company (BOC) could provide nonlocal directory assistance service as
an "incidental interLATA service" pursuant to the exception
contained in section 271(g)(4) of the Act without obtaining
authorization under the general provisions of section 271.[^2] It
found, however, that because section 271(g)(4) only allows the
provision of incidental interLATA service by a BOC if the service is
provided using the "information storage facilities of such company,"
the section allows the provision of nonlocal directory assistance
service only when the BOC uses its "own centralized information
storage facilities" to provide the service.[^3] This Order addresses
a petition for limited reconsideration on this issue filed by
BellSouth Corporation (BellSouth) by further defining the meaning of
the phrase "of such company" in section 271(g)(4).[^4]
# background
## Statutory Language
2. The relevant statutory language for our analysis is in sections
271(g) and 271(h) of the Act. Section 271(g) states:
For purposes of this section, the term "incidental interLATA
services" means the interLATA provision by a Bell operating company
or its affiliate --
\* \* \* \*
> \(4\) of a service that permits a customer that is located in one LATA
> to retrieve stored information from, or file information for storage
> in, information storage facilities of such company that are located in
> another LATA.[^5]
Section 271(h) states:
> The provisions of subsection (g) are intended to be narrowly
> construed. . . . The Commission shall ensure that the provision of
> services authorized under subsection (g) by a Bell operating company
> or its affiliate will not adversely affect telephone exchange service
> ratepayers or competition in any telecommunications market.[^6]
## NDA Order
3. In the *NDA Order*, the Commission explained that directory
assistance service is considered "nonlocal" whenever a customer
requests the telephone number of a subscriber located outside his or
her home LATA.[^7] The Commission concluded that U S WEST's
provision of nonlocal directory assistance service constituted
in-region, interLATA service because it involved transmission of end
user calls across LATA boundaries, primarily through U S WEST's use
of its official services network or leased common carrier lines to
retrieve directory listing information from a database located
outside its 14-state region.[^8] The Commission also found that the
provision of nonlocal directory assistance service constitutes a
permissible incidental interLATA service under section 271(g)(4) of
the Act, provided that the BOC uses its own information storage
facilities to provide the service. It stated:
> As an initial matter, we conclude that section 271(g)(4), by its
> express terms, authorizes BOC provision of the capability for
> customers to access only the BOC's own centralized information storage
> facilities. Indeed, we find that this construction of the statute is
> apparent from Congress' use of the term 'such company' in setting
> forth types of services authorized by section 271(g)(4). Thus, section
> 271(g)(4) permits a BOC to offer the incidental interLATA service
> described therein only when it *uses its own facilities*. Such a
> construction of section 271(g)(4) is consistent with Congress'
> directive that the provisions of section 271(g) are to be narrowly
> construed.[^9]
Although the *NDA Order* made clear that the BOC must use its own
facilities to provide nonlocal directory assistance service, it did not
otherwise address the extent of the interest that would be required
under section 271(g)(4). It found only that U S WEST's use of a database
owned entirely by a third party, Nortel Networks, Inc. (Nortel), did not
comply with the ownership requirement.[^10] The Commission also
emphasized that its determination that U S WEST's nationwide directory
assistance service does not satisfy the requirements of section
271(g)(4) was "limited to the facts presented in the instant
proceeding."[^11]
4. Since the Commission released the *NDA Order*, the BOCs have been
offering nonlocal directory assistance service throughout their
regions. Based on the BOCs' representations that they own 100
percent of the information storage facilities they use in the
provision of the service, the Common Carrier Bureau, now the
Wireline Competition Bureau, concluded that each BOC's nonlocal
directory assistance service is an incidental interLATA service
under section 271(g)(4).[^12] A BOC's information storage facilities
typically store both local listings, obtained from the processes
associated with providing local exchange service to its customers,
and nonlocal listings, obtained from various sources and then loaded
into the BOC's facilities. These sources include other BOC and
non-BOC incumbent local exchange carriers (LECs), competitive LECs,
and third party vendors.
## BellSouth's Requests
5. BellSouth interprets the *NDA Order* as requiring that a BOC own 100
percent of the information storage facilities it uses to provide
nonlocal directory assistance service in order to satisfy the
requirements of section 271(g)(4). Arguing that such a requirement
is not mandated by the statute, it requests that we now find
explicitly that section 271(g)(4) permits BOCs to provide the
service through a less restrictive means of ownership.[^13] It
suggests that we interpret section 271(g)(4) to allow sharing of
storage facilities among unaffiliated directory assistance providers
through leasing or contracting arrangements.[^14] In the
alternative, it requests that we find that a BOC's holding greater
than a 10 percent interest in the facilities is sufficient to make
them the "information storage facilities of such company."[^15]
Several parties oppose BellSouth's request on the grounds that the
statute requires full ownership of the facilities by the BOC and
that full ownership is necessary to ensure that competitive
directory assistance providers have nondiscriminatory access to each
BOC's listing information.[^16]
6. In subsequent letter filings with the Commission, BellSouth also
argues that a less restrictive facilities ownership requirement is
necessary to allow it to offer international directory assistance
service.[^17] It asks us to find that under section 271(g)(4) it may
use foreign databases, in which it has no ownership interest, to
respond to a *de minimis* number of customer queries for
international directory listings.[^18]
# discussion
## Facilities Ownership Issue
7. Upon further review, we conclude that we can more explicitly define
the meaning of the phrase "of such company" in section 271(g)(4). We
recognize that the statute does not specifically address the type of
interest a BOC must have in information storage facilities for them
to be considered facilities "of such company" within the meaning of
section 271(g)(4), and that this phrase is subject to different
interpretations.[^19] We find, however, that in the absence of
Congress speaking directly to this specific issue, the best and most
reasonable interpretation is one that requires the BOC to have an
actual ownership interest in the information storage facilities,
consistent with how ownership is otherwise cognizable under the Act.
For the reasons discussed below, we conclude that a BOC that holds
greater than a 10 percent interest in the information storage
facilities used to provide nonlocal directory assistance service
would satisfy the requirement in section 271(g)(4) that the
facilities be the "information storage facilities of such company."
8. We begin by noting that the phrase at the core of our analysis, "of
such company," does not, itself, incorporate an express reference to
any specific type of interest. Because section 271 does not define
the specific amount of BOC ownership required, we can look for
guidance on this issue in other parts of the Act. Section 274, which
addresses the provision of electronic publishing by a BOC, defines
"own" as having a "direct or indirect equity interest (or the
equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent of an entity, or the
right to more than 10 percent of the gross revenues of an entity
under a revenue sharing or royalty agreement."[^20] This is
consistent with the definition of "affiliate" in section 3(1) of the
Act, which specifies that "an equity interest (or the equivalent
thereof) of more than 10 percent" creates an affiliate
relationship.[^21] We conclude that this "more than 10 percent"
threshold, which Congress has used in other parts of the Act, is
reasonably applied to the more ambiguous language in section
271(g)(4). We agree with BellSouth that if ownership of a
corporation or other entity may be attributed to a company that
holds a greater than 10 percent interest in that entity, a BOC's
similar ownership interest in information storage facilities should
be sufficient to make those facilities the "information storage
facilities of such company."[^22] We find that reading section
271(g)(4) as allowing BOC provision of database storage and
retrieval services in this manner results in only a narrow exception
to the general prohibition against BOC provision of interLATA
services in the absence of authorization under the general
provisions of section 271 and therefore is reasonable.
9. We further find that our interpretation of section 271(g)(4) is
consistent with Congress' directive in section 271(h) that the
provisions of section 271(g) are to be narrowly construed.[^23] The
Commission has concluded that the language in these subsections
should be read as reflecting Congress' awareness that a broad
reading of the exceptions in section 271(g) could adversely affect
implementation of sections 251 and 271 of the Act.[^24] The
Commission has therefore determined that allowing certain
far-reaching actions, such as eliminating LATA boundaries for
incidental interLATA services, would clearly conflict with section
271(h)'s mandate.[^25] However, as we find here, allowing a BOC to
maintain less than full ownership, but greater than 10 percent
ownership, of their information storage facilities does not
similarly affect implementation of sections 251 and 271 because we
are not extending the type or scope of "incidental" service that the
BOCs may provide pursuant to section 271(g)(4). Thus, our
construction of section 271(g)(4) in this Order is consistent with
the language of the statute.
10. Establishing a clear threshold of at least 10 percent BOC ownership
is not only the most reasonable reading of the text of the statute,
but it is also consistent with the policy goals of providing
certainty to the industry and encouraging nondiscriminatory access
to directory listings by competitors. Setting a clear threshold will
allow BOCs and competitive providers of nonlocal directory
assistance service to explore varied ownership arrangements for
information storage facilities. Our determination that BOCs may own
less than 100 percent of their storage facilities could also reduce
the costs that directory assistance providers incur to provide
service.[^26] We balance this potential cost savings with the
ability of competitive providers of directory assistance service to
access the BOCs' directory listings on a nondiscriminatory basis. We
find nothing in the record to suggest that an interest of less than
100 percent would undermine the Commission's nondiscrimination
requirements relating to the provision of directory listing
information. We will monitor the situation, however, and take
corrective action if necessary.
11. The finding here that allowing a BOC to own only 10 percent of each
information storage facility it uses to provide national directory
assistance can enhance competition for nonlocal directory assistance
service and benefit consumers is also consistent with the
Commission's conclusion in the *NDA Order* that U S WEST's provision
of nonlocal directory assistance service would meet the requirements
of section 271(h).[^27] There, the Commission stated,
> \[I\]n view of our finding that U S WEST's provision of regionwide
> directory assistance service will promote competition in the interLATA
> directory assistance services market, we conclude that the directive
> in section 271(h) that the services authorized in section 271(g) "will
> not adversely affect telephone exchange ratepayers or competition in
> any telecommunications market" is fulfilled.[^28]
Similarly, we find here that there are positive benefits associated with
a BOC's provision of interLATA directory assistance service, and that
allowing it to maintain more flexible interests in information storage
facilities will help realize these benefits.
12. We also find it to be significant that the Commission emphasized
that its determination in the *NDA Order* that U S WEST's nationwide
directory assistance service did not satisfy the requirements of
section 271(g)(4) was "limited to the facts presented in the instant
proceeding."[^29] The record there indicated that U S WEST used a
"Nortel owned" database located outside of its region to provide
nationwide directory assistance service.[^30] Therefore, the
Commission analyzed a situation in the *NDA Order* in which the BOC
did not own any portion of the information storage facilities it
used to provide nonlocal directory assistance service, which it
found would both violate section 271(g)(4) and be inconsistent with
Congress' directive in section 271(h).[^31] The Commission therefore
did not consider the implications associated with requiring that a
BOC maintain an actual, but less than exclusive, ownership interest
in information storage facilities, as we do here.
13. We reject BellSouth's contention that section 271(g)(4) refers only
to facilities the costs of which the BOC has incorporated into its
costing and pricing structure, regardless of who owns them.[^32] To
the extent that such arrangements take the form of lease or
contractual interests in the facilities, we find that such an
arrangement would not amount to the ownership interest required
under section 271(g)(4).[^33] Permitting a BOC to maintain only a
leasehold in the storage facilities, as BellSouth urges,[^34] could
allow the BOCs to provide nonlocal directory assistance service on a
broad basis while claiming that they have little or no control over
the ability of competitors to access the listings contained in the
database, as required by section 251(b)(3) of the Act. Such a result
would be inconsistent with the language of the statute.[^35]
Furthermore, BellSouth's argument is based on the Commission's
determination, in the *Universal Service Order*,[^36] that leased
unbundled network elements are considered to be the lessee's "own
facilities" for purposes of Section 214(e)(1)(A) of the Act even
though the competitive LEC does not hold absolute title to
them.[^37] BellSouth's comparison is inapposite. Section 251(c)(3)
states that incumbent LECs have a duty to provide to carriers
nondiscriminatory access to unbundled network elements to provide
telecommunications service. Section 271(g)(4), on the other hand,
does not grant the BOCs a similar right of access to the information
storage facilities, but rather places a condition on their ability
to provide incidental interLATA service. In order to give full
effect to this condition, the BOCs must own at least a portion of
the facilities. In this respect, we are particularly mindful of our
obligation under section 271(h) to construe section 271(g) narrowly,
quite aside from our general obligation to give effect to the
wording of the statute.
14. We also reject the arguments of certain parties that the BOCs must
maintain full and exclusive ownership of their information storage
facilities. Specifically, we reject these parties' contentions that
permitting the BOCs to share ownership of an information storage
facility would prevent competitive directory assistance providers
from accessing the BOCs' directory listing information.[^38] Under
the Commission's nondiscrimination rules, any LEC that provides
local or national listing information for the purpose of its own
directory assistance operations (whether provided on an integrated
basis or through an affiliate) must make that same information
available to competing directory assistance providers on a
nondiscriminatory basis.[^39] Accordingly, nothing in this Order
changes the applicability of the Commission's nondiscrimination
rules relating to the provision of directory listing information.
We, therefore, agree with WorldCom that if a BOC provides national
directory assistance information to other BOCs in its role as a
directory assistance provider, then it must make the same
information available to competing directory assistance providers
under nondiscriminatory rates, terms, and conditions.[^40]
WorldCom's arguments also presume that the BOCs would, as a group,
immediately divest themselves of their existing storage facilities
and establish a commonly-owned facility, which is not at all clear
from the record here. While WorldCom is correct in arguing that we
are not requiring that competitors own any part of an information
storage facility under section 271(g)(4), they are clearly not
prohibited from doing so. Indeed, as the Commission previously found
with regard to U S WEST, the BOCs face competition from many other
providers of nonlocal directory assistance service, and do not
exercise monopoly power over the components used to provide the
telephone numbers of customers outside of each of their
regions.[^41] Rather, like competing providers of nonlocal directory
assistance, the BOCs must obtain the telephone numbers of
subscribers outside their regions from non-affiliated entities that
compile national listings or from other LECs.[^42] Accordingly,
WorldCom's arguments give us no reason to impose a 100 percent
ownership requirement in the face of a more reasonable
interpretation of the statute.
## International Directory Assistance Issue
15. We deny, on procedural grounds, BellSouth's request for a *de
minimis* exception to the facilities ownership requirement for
international directory assistance queries. In its August 24, 2001
letter, BellSouth argues for the first time in this proceeding that
a directory assistance provider cannot practically own and maintain
a database of listings from all the countries that generate
directory assistance inquiries, and that a less restrictive
ownership requirement than the one required in the *NDA Order* would
enable BOCs and other carriers to provide expanded directory
assistance services.[^43] WorldCom opposes BellSouth's request on
the ground that the statute does not provide an exception for the
*de minimis* provision of in-region, interLATA services.[^44] The
*NDA Order* was clearly confined to the issue of domestic directory
assistance services. It states that the directory assistance
services under review allow subscribers to obtain the telephone
number of a subscriber located "anywhere in the United States."[^45]
As we stated above, the findings in the *NDA Order* were also
limited to the facts presented in that proceeding.[^46] Accordingly,
the Commission did not consider the BOCs' provision of international
directory assistance services, and we therefore conclude that it is
procedurally inappropriate to rule on this issue in the context of
BellSouth's limited request for reconsideration of the *NDA Order*.
We note that in rejecting BellSouth's request on the basis that
international directory assistance services were not within the
scope of the *NDA Order*, we do not make any findings or otherwise
imply that BellSouth or any other BOC is not required to comply with
section 271(g)(4) or any other part of the Act if it provides
international directory assistance service. BellSouth may file a
petition for declaratory ruling if it deems it necessary to resolve
this issue.[^47]
# ordering clause
16. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to sections 4, 10, 201-205,
271-272 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. §§
154, 160, 201-205, 271-272, and sections 1.106 of the Commission's
rules, 47 C.F.R. § 1.106, that BellSouth's Petition for limited
reconsideration IS GRANTED to the extent set forth herein, and
otherwise IS DENIED.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
[^1]: *Petition of U S WEST Communications, Inc. for a Declaratory
Ruling Regarding the Provision of National Directory Assistance*, CC
Docket No. 97-172, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 14 FCC Rcd 16252
(1999) (*NDA Order*). NDA is an acronym for national directory
assistance. In-region, interLATA service refers to
telecommunications between a point located in a local access and
transport area (LATA) in a Bell Operating Company's home region and
a point located outside the LATA.
[^2]: *Id.* at 16265, para. 23.
[^3]: *Id.* at 16266, para. 24.
[^4]: *Petition of U S WEST Communications, Inc. for a Declaratory
Ruling Regarding the Provision of National Directory Assistance*,
BellSouth Petition for Limited Reconsideration, filed Oct. 27, 1999
(Petition). On November 4, 1999, the Commission issued a public
notice notifying parties that oppositions and replies to oppositions
on BellSouth's petition were due in accordance with the filing
requirements in 47 C.F.R. § 1.4(b)(1). AT&T Corp. (AT&T), Excell
Agent Services, L.L.C. (Excell), and MCI WorldCom (WorldCom) filed
oppositions. BellSouth and Bell Atlantic, now Verizon, filed
replies.
[^5]: 47 U.S.C. § 271(g)(4).
[^6]: 47 U.S.C. § 271(h).
[^7]: *NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 16255, para. 6. In this Order, we refer
interchangeably to national and nonlocal directory assistance as
directory assistance service provided to customers located outside
the caller's home LATA.
[^8]: *Id.* at 16263, para. 18. Official services networks are interLATA
networks that the BOCs were allowed to maintain for the management
and operation of local exchange services under the Modification of
Final Judgment (MFJ). These interLATA networks are used to perform
official services, such as connecting directory assistance operators
in different LATAs with customers and monitoring and controlling
trunks and switches. *See* *United States v. Western Electric*, 569
F.Supp. 1057, 1097-1101 (D.D.C.), *aff\'d*., 464 U.S. 1013 (1983).
[^9]: *NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd*.* at 16265, para. 23 (emphasis added).
[^10]: *Id.* at 16266, para. 24.
[^11]: *Id.*
[^12]: *E.g., Petition of Bell Atlantic for Forbearance from Section 272
Requirements in Connection with National Directory Assistance
Services*, CC Docket No. 97-172, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 14
FCC Rcd 21484 (Com. Car. Bur. 1999) (*Bell Atlantic NDA Order*).
[^13]: Petition at 4-7.
[^14]: *Id.* at 7.
[^15]: *Id.* at 7-8 (*citing NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 16268, para. 27).
Bell Atlantic, now Verizon, agrees with BellSouth that the phrase,
"information storage facilities of such company," without additional
language regarding ownership, permits arrangements such as leases
and those in which the company buys or contracts for the right to
use the facilities. Bell Atlantic Reply at 1-2.
[^16]: *See* AT&T Opposition at 3-5; Excell Opposition at 1-2; WorldCom
Opposition at 3-8.
[^17]: *See* Letter from Angela N. Brown, Regulatory Counsel, BellSouth,
to Michelle Carey, Division Chief, Policy and Program Planning
Division, Common Carrier Bureau, Federal Communications Commission,
CC Docket No. 97-172, at 3-4 (filed Oct. 5, 2001)(*BellSouth Oct. 5,
2001 Letter*); Letter from Angela N. Brown, Regulatory Counsel,
BellSouth, to Michelle Carey, Division Chief, Policy and Program
Planning Division, Common Carrier Bureau, Federal Communications
Commission, CC Docket No. 97-172, at 7-8 (filed Aug. 24, 2001)
(*BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter*).
[^18]: *BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter* at 7-8.
[^19]: We note that section 274(g)(4) refers to the incidental interLATA
services that "a \[BOC\] or its affiliate" may provide. For
simplicity, we refer to the "BOC" throughout this Order.
[^20]: 47 U.S.C. § 274(i)(8).
[^21]: 47 U.S.C. § 153(1).
[^22]: Petition at 8; *cf. GTE Corporation, Transferor, and Bell
Atlantic Corporation, Transferee, For Consent to Transfer Control of
Domestic and International Sections 214 and 310 Authorizations and
Application to Transfer Control of a Submarine Cable Landing
License,* Memorandum Opinion and Order, 15 FCC Rcd 14032, 14037,
para. 5 (2000) (*Bell Atlantic/GTE Merger Order*) (recognizing that
an ownership interest of less than 10 percent does not constitute an
attributable interest under section 3(1)).
[^23]: Section 271(h) states that the "provisions of subsection (g) are
intended to be narrowly construed," and that "the Commission shall
ensure that the provision of services authorized under subsection
(g) by a Bell Operating Company or its affiliate will not adversely
affect telephone exchange service ratepayers or competition in any
telecommunications market." 47 U.S.C. § 271(h).
[^24]: *See Deployment of Wireline Services Offering Advanced
Telecommunications Capability; Request by Bell Atlantic-West
Virginia for Interim Relief Under Section 706, or in the
Alternative, a LATA Boundary Modification*, CC Docket No. 98-147 and
NSD-L-98-99, Fourth Report and Order and Memorandum Opinion and
Order, 15 FCC Rcd 3089, 3109, para. 40 (2000).
[^25]: *Id.*
[^26]: BellSouth states that a wholly-owned, free standing, national
directory assistance storage facility could cost up to \$8 million,
and that if all BOCs were required to make such individual
investments, it would result in duplication of costs and facilities.
BellSouth states that the costs of these duplicate facilities would
be recovered through the price of their directory assistance
service. Petition at 6-7.
[^27]: *NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 16266, para. 25.
[^28]: *Id.*
[^29]: *Id.* at 16266, para. 24.
[^30]: *Id.* at 16256, 16266, paras. 9, 24.
[^31]: *Id.* at 16265-66, paras. 23-24.
[^32]: Petition at 7; BellSouth Reply at 3. *See also BellSouth Aug. 24,
2001 Letter* at 5.
[^33]: *See supra* paras. 7-8.
[^34]: *See BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter* at 5-6.
[^35]: Section 271(h) requires that the provision of incidental
interLATA service not harm competition in any telecommunications
market. 47 U.S.C. § 271(h).
[^36]: *Federal State Joint Board on Universal Service*, CC Docket No.
96-45, Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 8776, 8865-66, paras. 158-59
(1997) (subsequent history omitted) (*Universal Service Order*).
[^37]: *BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter* at 5 (*citing* *Universal
Service Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 8865-66, paras. 158-59). Section
214(e)(1)(A) provides that a common carrier may be designated as
eligible to receive federal universal service support if, among
other conditions, it offers the services for which support is sought
either "using its own facilities or a combination of its own
facilities and resale of another carrier's service." 47 U.S.C. §
214(e)(1)(A).
[^38]: WorldCom Opposition at 7-8; Excell Opposition at 4.
[^39]: *Provision of Directory Listing Information Under the
Telecommunications Act of 1934, As Amended*, CC Docket No. 99-273,
First Report and Order, 16 FCC Rcd 2736, 2750-51, para. 32 (2001)
(specifying that "to the extent that a carrier provides access to
national DA information \[to\] any other DA provider, including
another LEC, it must make that same information available to
competing DA providers under nondiscriminatory rates, terms, and
conditions as required by this order") (*Directory Listings Order*).
We note that BellSouth agrees that companies participating in a
sharing arrangement must comply with the Commission's
nondiscrimination requirements. *BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter* at
6.
[^40]: Letter from Karen Reidy, Associate Counsel, Federal Law and
Public Policy, WorldCom, to Magalie Roman Salas, Secretary, Federal
Communications Commission, CC Docket No. 97-172, at 4 (filed Oct.
15, 2001) (*WorldCom Oct. 15, 2001 Lette*r).
[^41]: *See NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 16265, para. 23. We note that the
Common Carrier Bureau made similar findings with regard to other
BOCs. *See, e.g.*, *Bell Atlantic NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 21491,
para. 14.
[^42]: *Petition of U S WEST Communications, Inc. for a Declaratory
Ruling Regarding the Provision of National Directory Assistance;
Petition of U S WEST Communications, Inc. for Forbearance; The Use
of N11 Codes and Other Abbreviated Dialing Arrangements*, CC Docket
Nos. 97-172 and 92-105, 14 FCC Rcd 16252, 16271, para. 33 (1999).
[^43]: *BellSouth Aug. 24, 2001 Letter* at 7-8.
[^44]: *WorldCom Oct. 15, 2001 Letter* at n.13.
[^45]: *NDA Order*, 14 FCC Rcd at 16255-57, paras. 7-10.
[^46]: *See supra* paras. 3, 12
[^47]: 47 C.F.R. § 1.2. We note, however, that this issue becomes moot
once a BOC receives section 271 approval in all states within its
region.
| en |
converted_docs | 501781 | **Stephen Albert, DPM**
Dr. Albert is the Chief of the Podiatry Section at the VA Medical
Center, Denver, CO. He is a graduate of the College of Podiatric
Medicine, San Francisco, CA. He is certified by the American Board of
Podiatric Orthopedics and Primary Podiatric Medicine and the American
Board of Podiatric Surgery. Dr. Albert is involved with many Podiatric
Organizations. He is a member of the American Podiatric Medical
Association; Federal Services Podiatric Medical Association; Fellow of
the American College of Foot Orthopedics & Medicine, and a Founding
Fellow of the International Academy of Podiatric Medicine.
**Charles Andersen, M.D.**
Dr. Andersen serves as Chief, Vascular/Endovascular/Limb Preservation &
Medical Director, Wound Care Clinic, Madigan Army Medical Center,
Tacoma, WA. He received his MD from the. University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, UT. Dr. Andersen also served as a General Surgery Resident at
Madigan Army Medial Center, Tacoma, WA. Dr. Anderson completed his
General Surgery Residency at the Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma,
WA. He served as Fellow, Peripheral Vascular Surgery Service, Walter
Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. Dr. Anderson is also a Fellow,
American College of Surgeons, American College of Angiology, American
Professional Wound Care Association.
**Cheryl Berman, RD, DE**
Dr. Berman is a Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE), Registered Dietitian
(RD), Certified Pump Trainer (CPT), and Case Management Certified (CMC).
Presently she is the Diabetes Program Coordinator & Clinical
Specialist/Case Manager for Patient Care Services Nutrition department
at the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE. Dr.
Berman currently serves as a member of the VHA Diabetes Advisory Field
Group and President of the VA and DoD Diabetes Educator's Specialty
Group and Planning Committee.
**Stanitia W. Davis, DPM**
Dr. Davis is a 2008 graduate of the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine,
Cleveland, OH. She is currently a first-year resident at the Central
Alabama Veterans Health Care System in Montgomery, AL. Dr. Davis is a
resident member of the American Podiatric Medical Association, a mentor
in association with DPM Mentor's Network, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority,
Inc. and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
**Cynthia Fleck, MBA, BSN, RN, ET/WOCN, CWS, DNC, DAPWCA, FCCWS**
**Ms. Fleck** has a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing with a minor
in nutrition
from Southeast Missouri State University where she graduated Cum Laude.
Ms. Fleck is
also a graduate of M.D. Anderson and the University of Texas with
specialties in wound
ostomy, and continence. She is the sole proprietor of CAF Clinical
Consultant, performing independent consulting in wound care, protocol
and education program development and
medical/legal chart review, deposition and expert witness testimony. Ms.
Fleck is a member of the Board of Directors of the American Academy of
Wound Management (AAWM), the board
certification for Certified Wound Specialists (CWS), where she serves as
President and Chairman of the Board. This well-known wound care author,
lecturer and international thought leader, deciphers everything from
wound assessment, etiology, prevention, and treatment, covering the
basics and beyond as she shares her knowledge and expertise with current
best
practices and evidence based practices
**Denise B. Freeman, DPM, M.S.E.**
Dr. Freeman is a graduate of Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine.
She completed her Residency training at Moss Rehabilitation Hospital,
Philadelphia, PA. She currently is the Associate Director of Clinical
Education at Midwestern University Arizona, Podiatric Medicine Program.
**Robert G. Frykberg, DPM, MPH**
Dr. Frykberg received his Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree from the
California College of Podiatric Medicine in 1976 prior to completing his
Residency in Podiatric Surgery at the New England Deaconess
Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MS in 1978. In 1994 he received
his Master of Public Health Degree from the Harvard School of Public
Health with a concentration in quantitative methods. He was an attending
physician at the Deaconess Hospital for 21 years prior to accepting a
position as the Dean for Clinical Affairs in the College of Podiatric
Medicine at Des Moines University in 1999. Dr. Frykberg currently holds
the position of Chief of the Podiatry section and Podiatric Residency
Director at the Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center in
Phoenix, Arizona. Dr. Frykberg's practice is devoted exclusively to
patients with high-risk foot problems. His research and writing
interests are in diabetic foot ulcers and disorders, venous leg ulcers,
and the Charcot foot. He has written numerous peer-reviewed articles and
text chapters and has edited several textbooks on diabetic foot
disorders. He is the former Chair of the Foot Care Council of the
American Diabetes Association and a Past President of the American
College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.
**Eugene P. Goldman, DPM, FACFAS**
Dr. Goldman has over 23 years practice experience in Arizona, Ohio and
Alabama. Former member, U.S. Public Health Service as well as former
full-time faculty member at the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine.
Former Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Arizona Campus for the
California College of Podiatric Medicine. Eleven years experience as a
Director of Podiatric Surgical Residency programs, and former member
Arizona State Board of Podiatry Examiners. Dr. Goldman has extensive
experience in advanced wound care including at the Veterans Affairs
Hospital in Montgomery, Alabama as well as the Veterans Affairs Hospital
in Phoenix, Arizona. He is Board Certified by the American Board of
Podiatric Surgeons. He is a member of the American College of Healthcare
Executives; Clinical Faculty at Rosalind Franklin University School
College of Podiatric Medicine and at the Midwestern University Podiatric
Medicine Program; Chief of Podiatry and Associate Chief of Staff for
Education at the VA Montgomery; nationally recognized lecturer and
author on multiple topics of interest to podiatrists and specialists;
Member, Executive Career Field Candidate Development Program Class of
2008. He is the current acting President of The Federal Services
Podiatric Medical Association.
**Shanta Griffin, DPM**
Dr. Griffin attended Dr. William Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine at
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL.
There, she attained her M.S. in Health Care Administration and
Management and then her Doctorates of Podiatric Medicine. Dr. Griffin is
a member of the American Podiatric Medical Association.
**Richard A. Isenberg, M.D., FAPWCA**
Dr. Isenberg is a Pelvic Reconstructive Surgeon, Uro-Gynecologist and
Fellow of the American Professional Wound Care Association. Dr. Isenberg
presently serves as Medical Director and Vice President of Clinical &
Regulatory Affairs at Regenesis Biomedical, Inc., a regenerative
medicine and medical device company in Scottsdale, Arizona. In this
capacity, Dr. Isenberg is responsible for the clinical and life science
research programs, intellectual property and regulatory registration.
Prior to entering industry, Dr. Isenberg served on the medical faculties
of the University of Pennsylvania and Thomas Jefferson University and
directed a fellowship program in uro-gynecology. While in industry, Dr.
Isenberg has held senior management positions at Johnson & Johnson
(Ethicon, Inc.), Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and Ventana Medical Systems. In
his various capacities, he has been responsible for regulatory affairs,
clinical research, global medical affairs, and strategic marketing. Dr.
Isenberg's experience bridges medical devices. Pharmaceuticals, in vitro
diagnostics, imaging devices and combination products, and encompasses
the full product lifecycle.
**Allen M. Jacobs, DPM, FACFAS**
Dr. Jacobs is a Fellow of the American College of Foot and Ankle
Surgeons and a Fellow of the American Professional Wound Care
Association. He is in private practice in St. Louis, MO.
**Jessie Marthe Jean-Claude, M.D.**
Dr. Jean-Claude attained her B.A. at Barnard College of Columbia
University and her M.D. from the Columbia College of Physicians and
Surgeons. She was a Resident in General Surgery, Assistant Clinical
Attending and a Fellow in Vascular Surgery at St. Luke's/Roosevelt
Hospital Medical Center in New York. While at the University of
California in San Francisco, she was a Fellow in Vascular/Endovascular
Surgery.
While at Malmo University Hospital in Sweden, Dr. Jean-Claude was a
Fellow in Endovascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology. In 2005,
she attained Executive Physicians Leadership at Case Western Reserve
Weatherhead School of Management. She was an Assistant Professor at Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland VA Medical Center in Cleveland,
Ohio; Assistant Professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin and
Assistant Clinical Instructor at St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New
York, NY.
Dr. Jean-Claude currently holds four hospital appointments at the
Cleveland VA Medical Center entailing; Associate Chief of Surgery,
Interim Section Chief, Cardiothoracic Surgery; Section Chief, Vascular
Surgery and Staff Physician. Previously, she held appointments as a
Staff Physician at University Hospitals of Cleveland; Milwaukee VA
Medical Center; Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital in Milwaukee, and
St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York.
**Robert Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.**
Dr. Jesse is the National Program Director for Cardiology in the
Veterans Health Administration and Chief of the Cardiology section at
the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Richmond, VA. He is a tenured
Professor of Medicine/Cardiology at the Virginia Commonwealth University
Health System (Medical College of Virginia) where he is the Director of
the Acute Cardiac Care Program. Dr. Jesse received his B.S. in
Biochemistry from the University of New Hampshire. He studied platelet
physiology as a research associate at the Harvard School of Public
Health in Boston, MA for several years. While attending the Medical
College of Virginia in Richmond, he earned his Ph.D. in biophysics,
along with a M.D., an Internal Medicine Residency and a Cardiology
Fellowship. He became an Assistant Professor at VCU/MCV, hence leading
to his promotion to Professor.
Dr. Jesse is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and the
American Heart Association (Clinical Cardiology Council and
Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Council), where he
recently served on the Acute Cardiac Care Committee and currently
President of the Board of the Central Virginia Chapter. He is a founding
member of the Society of Chest Pain Centers, remains a member of the
Society's Executive Board, and recently chaired the 6^th^ Annual Society
of Chest Pain Centers Meeting and Scientific Sessions, May 2003, in San
Francisco.
Dr. Jesse has published widely on a number of topics in acute cardiac
care, including the risk stratification of chest pain patients and the
role of cardiac markers and perfusion imaging. He is currently on the
American Association of Clinical Chemistry Guidelines Group for Cardiac
Markers. He is highly regarded for teaching, having won the Outstanding
Faculty and Best Teacher awards from the MVC/VCU Students, Residents and
Cardiology Fellows on several occasions.
**Kristin D. Kelley, DPM**
Dr. Kelley received her B.S. in Biological Science from Rosalind
Franklin University in North Chicago, IL. She then went on to attain her
D.P.M. degree at Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine. Currently Dr.
Kelley is the Chief Resident of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery at
CAVHCS. Dr. Kelley is a member of the American Podiatric Medical
Association.
**Howard M. Kimmel, DPM**
Dr. Kimmel is a Board Certified Podiatrist who currently serves as the
Residency Director & Chief, Podiatry at the Louis Stokes Department of
Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from the Ohio
College of Podiatric Medicine and completed 2 years of Residency
training at the Hawthorne Hospital/Baja Project for Crippled Children,
Los Angeles, CA.
**Lawrence A. Lavery, DPM, MPH**
Dr. Lavery is a professor in the department of surgery at Scott and
White Hospital and Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of
Medicine. Dr. Lavery is on the editorial board of Diabetes Care. He is
past Chair of the American Diabetes Association Foot Care Council and
the American Public Health Association Foot Section. Dr. Lavery has
published 145 peer reviewed papers on topics related to diabetic foot
complications.
**William A. Marston, M.D.**
Dr. Marston is a graduate of Harvard University and the University of
Virginia, School of Medicine. He completed a general surgery residency
and fellowship in vascular surgery at the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill. He currently is Professor and Chief of the Division of
Vascular Surgery at the University of North Carolina, School of
Medicine. Clinically he is the medical director of the UNC Limb
Salvage/Wound Healing Center. Dr. Marston's research efforts focus on
the etiology and treatment of diabetic foot and venous stasis ulcers,
and the treatment of critical limb ischemia to maximize limb salvage.
**Joseph M. Moates, M.D.**
Dr. Moates received his undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering
from Vanderbilt University and his medical degree from the University of
Alabama at Birmingham. He did his post-graduate training in internal
medicine at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Followed by a
combined research and clinical fellowship at Vanderbilt, Dr. Moates
served on the faculty at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and as a
Staff Physician at the Houston VA Medical Center where he was involved
in both basic and clinical diabetes research. He is currently an
Assistant Professor at UAB School of Medicine in Birmingham, AL and a
Staff Physician at the Birmingham VA Medical Center where he is actively
involved in the management of patients with diabetes and general
endocrine disorders. He is actively involved in the UAB Endocrinology
service and teaching of fellows and residents.
**Bonnie Nicklas, DPM**
Dr. Nicklas attended Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine in Cleveland
where she received her DPM. Dr. Nicklas is certified in Foot and Ankle
Surgery by the American Board of Podiatric Surgery. Former Professor and
Chair, Department of Surgery OCPM. Dr. Nicklas currently serves as Staff
Podiatrist, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System.
**Matthew Regulski, DPM**
Dr. Regulski, DPM is a Fellow of the American Professional Wound Care
Association and Director of the Wound Care Center of Ocean County, New
Jersey. He has been principal investigator for numerous wound healing
devices and has lectured widely on topics in Podiatry and wound care.
**Jeffrey M. Robbins, DPM**
Dr. Robbins is the Director of the Veterans Health Administration
Headquarters Podiatry Services and Chief of the Podiatry Section at the
Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center. He is a graduate of the Ohio
College of Podiatric Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio where he also holds the
faculty stature of Professor of Podiatric Medicine. He is board
certified by the American Board of Podiatric Orthopedics and Primary
Podiatric Medicine and the American Board of Podiatric Public Health,
and is a fellow of the American College of Foot and Ankle Orthopedics
and Medicine.
Dr. Robbins is involved with many Podiatric organizations. He is
immediate past President of the Federal Services Podiatric Medical
Association, member of the Board of the American Association of Colleges
of Podiatric Medicine, member of the Board of the Council on Teaching
Hospitals, member of the Public Health/Preventative Medicine Committee
and the Resolutions committee of the American Podiatric Medical
Association. He is a national and international lecturer, and the editor
of the book *Primary Podiatric Medicine,* and author of numerous book
chapters and peer reviewed articles and publications.
Dr. Robbins is the recipient of Vice President Gore's Hammer Award, and
the VA Deputy Secretary Scissors Award for his innovative projects for
re-inventing government programs to enhance preventative care. He has
also received the American Podiatric Medical Student Association Kenison
Award for outstanding dedication and contribution to the podiatric
medical profession. In March of 2006, he was awarded the Distinguished
Service Citation, the American Podiatric Medical Association's highest
honor.
**Gary Rothenberg, DPM, CDE, CWS, FACFAS, DABPOPPM**
Dr. Rothenberg is a Board Certified Podiatrist, Certified Diabetes
Educator and Certified Wound Care Specialist who currently serves as
Director of Resident Training and Attending Podiatrist at the Department
of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Miami, FL. A graduate of the Ohio
College of Podiatric Medicine, he completed 3 years of residency
training at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San
Antonio. His previous private practice experience and now academic
practice have focused on conservative and surgical management of the
diabetic foot.
**David Swain, DPM**
Dr. Swain is an active member of the American Podiatric Medical
Association. He attended Georgia Southern University where he received a
minor in chemistry and a B.S. in biology. He later attended Rosalind
Franklin University Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine where he was
awarded his Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree.
**Terry Treadwell, M.D., FACS**
Dr. Treadwell received his medical education at The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, Texas. He continued his training
doing his general and vascular surgical residencies at Scott and White
Medical Center in Temple, Texas. He practiced vascular and general
surgery in Montgomery, Alabama. In October, 1998, Dr. Treadwell founded
The Institute for Advanced Wound Care at Jackson Hospital in Montgomery.
He served as Medial Director of the center and treated wound patients on
a full-time basis providing the best possible care to this seemingly
forgotten group of patients.
In February, 2006, the Institute for Advanced Wound Care moved to
Baptist Medical Center in Montgomery. Dr. Treadwell serves as the
Medical Director of the Institute and is Director of Wound Care Services
at Baptist Medical Center South. He has been involved with numerous
educational and research initiatives and directs wound care educational
programs at his wound center to help educate physicians and other
medical personnel in the current therapy of acute and chronic wounds.
Dr. Treadwell has shared his experience in the treatment of chronic
wound through lectures and presentations and publications. He is the
Clinical Editor of *Wounds* magazine. He is a member of the Wound
Healing Society and the Association for the Advancement of Wound Care.
He has served two terms as the Physician Member of the AAWC Board of
Directors and as Chairman of the World Wound Care Alliance Committee of
the AAWC. He is the President-elect of the Association for the
Advancement of Wound Care. He is serving on the World Health
Organization Committee to develop wound education and treatment
guidelines for treatment of acute and chronic wounds in underdeveloped
countries of the world.
**Dane K. Wukich, M.D.**
Dr. Wukich is the Chief of the division of Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle
Surgery and Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University
of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon
at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Dr. Wukich, a
practicing orthopaedic surgeon for more than 15 years, completed a
formal six-month fellowship training program in orthopaedic foot and
ankle surgery with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in 2004. He had been
a staff orthopaedic surgeon at St. Luke\'s Health Network in Quakertown,
Pa., since 1992. Before that, he was a staff orthopaedic surgeon for one
year at Easton Hospital in Easton, Pa. A Pittsburgh native, Dr. Wukich
is a 1978 graduate of Carnegie Mellon University, where he majored in
biological sciences. In 1982 he earned a medical degree at Georgetown
University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C. He then completed a
one-year surgical internship and a four-year orthopaedic surgery
residency at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington. He
served as a staff orthopaedic surgeon and major in the Medical Corps at
Womack Army Hospital at Fort Bragg, N.C. from 1989 to 1990; and as chief
of orthopaedic surgery and a major in the Medical Corps at a mobile army
surgical hospital in Operation Desert Storm/Desert Shield from 1990 to
1991. Dr. Wukich is the recipient of numerous military service and
academic achievement awards. He is a member of the American Orthopaedic
Foot and Ankle Society, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and
the Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society. A frequently invited presenter at
national scientific meetings, Dr. Wukich has published numerous clinical
research papers on the treatment of various foot and ankle injuries and
conditions. His current research studies involve trauma and
reconstructive surgery of the foot and ankle. Dr. Wukich and his family
reside in Sewickley.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 435964 | June 14, 2007
VIA CERTIFIED MAIL
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
P.C. Richard & Son Store #55
713 Hillside Avenue
New Hyde Park, NY 11040
P.C. Richard & Son, LLC
150 Price Parkway
Farmingdale, NY 11735
Attn: Gary Richards, CEO
Re: File No. EB-07-NY-194
Citation No.: C20073238021
Dear Retailer:
This is an official CITATION, issued pursuant to Section 503(b)(5) of the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended (Act), 47 U.S.C. 503(b)(5), to P.C. Richard & Son
Store #55 and P.C. Richard & Son, LLC (collectively P.C. Richard & Son ) for failure to
provide appropriate Consumer Alert disclosures on analog tuner only television receiving
equipment in violation of Section 15.117(k) of the Commissions Rules (Rules), 47 C.F.R.
15.117(k). As explained below, future violations of the Commissions rules in this regard may
subject your company to monetary forfeitures.
On June 5, 2007, agents from the Enforcement Bureaus New York Field Office visited
P.C. Richard & Son Store #55 and observed that P.C. Richard & Son did not have the proper
Consumer Alert label displayed on equipment that contained an analog tuner but not a digital
tuner at the point of sale.
Section 15.117(k) of the Commissions Rules states:
(k) The following requirements apply to all responsible parties, as defined
in 2.909 of this chapter, and any person that displays or offers for sale or
rent television receiving equipment that is not capable of receiving,
decoding and tuning digital signals.
(1) Such parties and persons shall place conspicuously and in
close proximity to such television broadcast receivers a sign
containing, in clear and conspicuous print, the Consumer Alert
disclosure text required by subparagraph (3). The text should be
in a size of type large enough to be clear, conspicuous and readily
legible, consistent with the dimensions of the equipment and the
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554
2
label. The information may be printed on a transparent material
and affixed to the screen, if the receiver includes a display, in a
manner that is removable by the consumer and does not obscure
the picture, or, if the receiver does not include a display, in a
prominent location on the device, such as on the top or front of the
device, when displayed for sale, or the information in this format
may be displayed separately immediately adjacent to each
television broadcast receiver offered for sale and clearly associated
with the analog-only model to which it pertains.
(2) If such parties and persons display or offer for sale or rent such
television broadcast receivers via direct mail, catalog, or electronic
means, they shall prominently display in close proximity to the
images or descriptions of such television broadcast receivers, in
clear and conspicuous print, the Consumer Alert disclosure text
required by subparagraph (3). The text should be in a size large
enough to be clear, conspicuous, and readily legible, consistent
with the dimensions of the advertisement or description.
(3) CONSUMER ALERT
This television receiver has only an analog broadcast tuner and
will require a converter box after February 17, 2009, to receive
over-the-air broadcasts with an antenna because of the Nations
transition to digital broadcasting. Analog-only TVs should
continue to work as before with cable and satellite TV services,
gaming consoles, VCRs, DVD players, and similar products. For
more information, call the Federal Communications Commission
at 1-888-225-5322 (TTY: 1-888-835-5322) or visit the
Commissions digital television website at: www.dtv.gov.
Accordingly, it appears that P.C. Richard & Son has violated Section 15.117(k) of the
Rules by failing to place conspicuously and in close proximity to the following equipment, in
clear and conspicuous print, the required Consumer Alert label:
Manufacturer Device Model # Number of Units
Toshiba DVD video recorder D-RW2SU 1
Sony DVD recorder RDR-GX330 1
JVC DVD video recorder DR-M100SU 1
Protron DVD recorder PD-DVR100 1
We caution you that failure to display an appropriate Consumer Alert label on any television
receiving equipment that is not capable of receiving, decoding and tuning digital signals would
constitute a further violation of Section 15.117(k) of the Rules.
If, after receipt of this citation, P.C. Richard & Son engages in conduct of the type
described herein, in violation of the Communications Act or the Commissions rules, the
Commission may impose monetary forfeitures not to exceed $11,000 for each such violation
or each day of a continuing violation up to $97,500 for a single continuing violation.1
If you choose to do so, you may respond to this citation within 10 days from the date of
this letter either through (1) a personal interview at the Commissions Field Office nearest to your
place of business, or (2) a written statement. Your response should specify the actions that P.C.
1 See 47 C.F.R. 1.80(b)(3).
3
Richard & Son is taking to ensure that it does not violate Section 15.117(k) of the Commissions
rules in the future.
If you choose to request a personal interview, the closest FCC Office is Federal
Communications Commission, New York Office, 201 Varick Street, Suite 1151, New York, NY
10014.2 You should contact this office by telephone, (XXX) XXXX-XXXX to schedule this
interview, which must take place within 10 days of this Citation. Alternatively, as noted above,
P.C. Richard & Son may submit a written statement to the above address within 10 days of the
date of this Citation. Any written statements should specify what actions have been taken to
correct the violations outlined above. Please reference file number EB-07-NY-194 when
corresponding with the Commission.
Under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a(e)(3), we are informing you that the
Commissions staff will use all relevant material information before it, including information that
you disclose in your interview or written statement, to determine what, if any, enforcement action
is required to ensure your compliance with the Communications Act and the Commissions rules.
The knowing and willful making of any false statement, or the concealment of any
material fact, in reply to this citation is punishable by fine or imprisonment under 18 U.S.C.
1001.
Thank you in advance for your anticipated cooperation.
Sincerely,
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Daniel W. Noel
District Director
New York District Office
Northeast Region
Enforcement Bureau
2 47 U.S.C. 503(b)(5).
| en |
markdown | 513336 | # Presentation: 513336
## Electrostatic Analysis of Target Region
- ANSYS model results
- R.E. Mischke
- 27 June 2001
## Model assumptions
- Dimensions
- plates: 2 in. thick by 25 cm wide
- spacing: 3 in.
- outer can: radius 11.875 in.
- Target cell
- 4 in. x 6 in. with 1⁄2 in. walls
- Materials – dielectric constant
- LHe: 1.05
- Lucite: 3.0 ???
## Target region
## Cylindrical target
## Cylindrical target
| 13.0-13.2
+4.8 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12.5
0 | | 12.3
-1.6 |
| 12.8-13.1
+3.6 | | |
## E contours, with recess
## Without recess
## Wall only
## Shorten plates
## Epoxy wall to plate
## Lengthen plates
## Uniformity of E field
| 13.11
-.1 | 13.11
-.1 | 13.06
-.5 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13.12
0 | 13.12
0 | 13.13
+.1 |
| 13.13
+.1 | 13.14
+.2 | 13.12
0 |
| 13.06
-.6 | 13.02
-.9 | 12.9
-1.8 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13.13
0 | 13.11
-.2 | 13.10
-.3 |
| 13.18
+.3 | 13.20
+.5 | 13.28
+1.1 |
- default plates
- lengthened plates
- E field value; deviation in %
## HV assembly (HV contact)
## Cross section of HV
## HV plate and gnd
## Retract gnd
## Add HV backing
## Change to sharp corner
## Smaller grid (x5 elements)
## Smart grid
## Smart grid, round corner
## E field vs radius
## Add rod
## Import model
## Insulator mismatch
## Insulator disconnect
## Slide 27
| en |
converted_docs | 561617 | **Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS**
September 8-10, 1996
Bethesda Marriott Hotel
Bethesda, Maryland
**Members Present**: R. Scott Hitt, M.D., Chair; Stephen N. Abel,
D.D.S.; Terje Anderson; Judith Billings; Nicholas Bollman; Tonio Burgos;
Jerry Cade, M.D.; Robert Fogel; Kathleen Gerus; Edward Gould; Phyllis
Greenberger; Robert Hattoy; B. Thomas Henderson; Michael Isbell; Ronald
Johnson; Jeremy Landau; Alexandra Mary Levine, M.D.; Steve Lew; Helen H.
Miramontes; Altagracia Perez; Michael Rankin, M.D.; H. Alexander
Robinson; Debbie Runions; Benjamin Schatz; Denise Stokes; and Bruce
Weniger, M.D. Also present: Patricia Fleming, Jeffrey Levi, Daniel
Montoya, and Jane Sanville, Office of National AIDS Policy (ONAP).
**Members Absent**: Regina Aragon, Mary Boland, Debra Fraser-Howze,
Carole laFavor, Richard W. Stafford, Sandra Thurman, Charles Quincy
Troupe.
Dr. Hitt opened the fourth meeting of the Presidential Advisory Council
on HIV/AIDS (PACHA) by welcoming new members, Ms. Billings, Mr. Isbell,
and Mr. Johnson, and reviewing Council actions since the April meeting.
He thanked Mr. Anderson, Ms. Aragon, Dr. Cade, Mr. Gould, Dr. Levine,
Mr. Henderson, Ms. Miramontes, Mr. Robinson, and Mr. Schatz for their
contributions to the Assessment and Executive Reports, which were
distributed to community-based AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs), State
and Territorial associations, and attendees at the White House
Conference on AIDS. Other activities included the International AIDS
Conference and Vice President Gore\'s Keystone Conference, which
resulted in a plan for collaboration between the pharmaceutical industry
and Government on development of optimal AIDS drugs. Council members
Runions and Perez were noted for their participation at the Democratic
National Convention.
** ONAP Report**
Ms. Fleming thanked the Council for its help to ONAP and the President,
whom she described as \"optimistic\" about a national goal of giving
people with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) a normal life span. The Administration,
aware of the concerns of PWAs and other adversely affected groups, is
working to save Medicaid benefits. The Administration\'s recent
legislative agenda include the Kennedy-Kassebaum bill and the Welfare
Reform bill, and ONAP is working to ensure that AIDS issues are included
in all immigrant programs. The Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA)
is working with New York on a landmark waiver on Medicaid managed care
and has been very responsive to housing concerns of people with
long-term illnesses.
The major unfinished business of Congress remains in the area of
appropriations, which affect AIDS issues such as labor and housing. The
President has submitted two add-on budget resolutions of concern: (1)
redirection of \$25 million from other programs in Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) to its Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS
(HOPWA) program, which Ms. Fleming called \"the result of a new level of
visibility,\" and (2) increases in funding of the Ryan White Title II
AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) by \$65 million. This is an
indication of the Administration\'s intent to meet needs as they arise.
Council members emphasized that stable housing and living environments
are significant in both treatment and prevention of AIDS. ONAP hopes to
obtain a single budget appropriation this year for the Office of AIDS
Research (OAR) to give it more budget authority and urged PACHA to
contact Congress on this issue.
The ONAP meeting in Tampa on substance abuse and AIDS prevention and
treatment, during which Mr. Anderson represented PACHA, and a session
with the Deputy Director of the Office of National Control Policy are
seen as significant in formulating greater collaboration on these twin
epidemics. The main message in Tampa was that the Government creates
many obstacles to the integration of both HIV and substance abuse
programs at the community level.
Results of the Vancouver Conference were mixed. More hope is seen for
the future through new protease inhibitors, but major questions arise
about their durability. Approval of these expensive drugs creates other
public policy needs: (1) more ADAP funding; (2) an adjustment in the
Medicaid/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of
HIV/AIDS to ensure the earliest possible treatment for infected persons;
(3) a restructuring of care systems to provide more flexibility in
allowing patients to go on and off disability as needed; and (4) a way
to convince vulnerable populations to seek early testing and counseling
voluntarily.
The newly created Forum for Collaborative HIV Research resulting from
the Keystone Conference may help answer questions arising over the
potential long-term effects of new AIDS drugs. The inclusion of
third-party payers such as programs under HCFA, Medicaid, Medicare, and
private insurers will extend the reach of clinical trials to heretofore
unaccessed populations. Dr. Levine represented PACHA in this effort.
Other issues include the President\'s request for full-prevention
programs within the CDC and the microbicide initiative, a \"giant step\"
toward prevention through empowerment. The ONAP regional briefings were
productive and informative, and Ms. Fleming thanked Council members for
participating in these meetings.
** National AIDS Strategy**
ONAP\'s long-promised national plan was introduced by Ms. Fleming as
\"The National AIDS Strategy.\" The term \"strategy\" was used to
signify that this is a \"living document\" that can be updated
periodically rather than an implementation plan. It is \"historic\"
because it is the first Government-wide strategy involving an
Interdepartmental Task Force (IDTF) representing every agency that
supports AIDS activities in the Executive Branch and the first time
goals have been linked with budget levels. Ms. Fleming asked for Council
input and recommendations but did not guarantee that suggestions would
be included in the final draft.
Ms. Sanville reviewed the draft Strategy policy areas: prevention,
research, care and services, civil rights (including discrimination
issues), international activities, and translation of research advances
into practice. Objectives and recommendations of other groups, including
PACHA,
are represented. Highlights are the following: major
Presidential/national goals, recent Administration accomplishments, and
areas requiring special attention or proposed future actions. No time
lines are included, so it is incumbent upon the Council and ONAP to work
with agencies to determine how goals can be met. The Appendices describe
recent and ongoing agency goals and actions.
The process for finalizing the Strategy is to obtain suggestions and
comments from the Council during this meeting and through conference
calls with Committees over the next few days, followed by release of a
draft National AIDS Strategy to the AIDS community and private sectors
for review and comment. ONAP hopes to present the final draft at the
December PACHA meeting.
During subsequent discussions, the Council raised concerns and made
suggestions about the release and content of the document: It needs much
work; it may be ill-timed; and it must be made clear to all concerned,
including the media, that this is not an implementation plan to end the
epidemic but that a second process is required to identify
implementation steps. Also, the community must understand its ability to
affect the Strategy. It was also suggested that more attention be given
to funding and implementation of prevention programs and that the
relevant activities of such agencies as the Office of Civil Rights of
Health and Human Services (HHS), Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
Veterans Affairs (VA), the State Department, the military, and the Civil
Rights Commission be included.
Dr. Hitt asked what further information was needed from the Council, and
Ms. Fleming and
Mr. Levi said that ONAP would crosswalk the PACHA Recommendations
against the Strategy to see whether anything has been omitted. Comments
and suggestions for implementation of the Strategy should be made in
writing by individuals or Committees by November 1. Committees were
asked to discuss this in their next conference calls and to draft
responses to ONAP. ONAP will not circulate the Strategy to the public
before the Council suggestions are made and the document has been
revised accordingly. Volunteers to help in revising and planning release
are Ms. Miramontes, Mr. Landau, Dr. Rankin, Mr. Johnson, and
Mr. Anderson.
** Four-Year Plan**
During several discussions, the Council developed a \"Four-Year Plan\"
to show the White House and the AIDS community what it hopes to
accomplish in the future. Major issues were the following:
** Should the Council\'s Charter be extended past July 1997? ** Yes---to
address issues that have not been covered (e.g., managed care, drug
abuse, new medications) and new ones that arise, and to ensure
implementation of strategies and recommendations.
** What do we want the legacy of this Council to be?** To be seen as an
outspoken voice of the community; a moral conscience holding the
Administration accountable; an aid to restructuring Administrative
structures as needed; the initiator of actions that led to changes in
the epidemic and decreases in infections; and as a force in increasing
the visibility of AIDS within the Government, bringing together creative
thinking of many groups, and helping the Administration grapple with
changes in the epidemic.
** How are we different from other groups?** We provide diversity and
effective cross-communication; the President listens and responds to us;
we can talk to all groups involved; and the community comes directly to
us with input and we respond.
** What are our long-term goals?**
** Four-year outcome goals:** to be a catalyst for bringing the epidemic
to an end---by decreasing the rate of infection by at least
one-half---by the end of the century, and to ensure universal access to
optimal AIDS treatment and care.
** Strategies for achieving these goals** involve developing proactive
plans and community involvement/support (e.g., needle-exchange
programs), making prevention a higher Government priority, protecting
and following up on current programs and recommendations, facilitating
the National Strategy, finding new strategies to respond to epidemic
changes, and continuing high-level discussions.
** Longer term/wider scope goals:** to develop strategies for more
effective international collaboration and to develop a structure for
dealing expeditiously with future epidemics.
** What are our roles?** Identify recommendations; advisory;
prioritization; continued evaluation and assessment and Executive Branch
oversight and monitoring; bidirectional communications in consensus
building, consciousness-raising, and personalizing HIV; conduit for
information and recommendations; and constituency building in outreach,
mobilization, and education.
The Council agreed that it should act as a facilitator for the Executive
Branch in AIDS-related efforts, advise the President on domestic and
foreign issues of the pandemic, stay in touch with all contingencies and
interest groups, and gain better access to the private sector.
** Short-Term Goals**
An action plan through December includes scenarios for either election
outcome:
** All-case goals:** Committees to identify recommendations needing
updated responses, follow up on timed recommendations, continue
high-level meetings with the Administration to discuss strategies, and
identify what can be signed and implemented (\"stroke of the pen\"
strategy) by January 15 (before a White House transition). The Council
will start immediately on transition plans to educate new legislators,
implement \"friendly\" appointments, target allies for the Council, and
formalize its resources request.
** \"Scenario 1\" goals **(President re-elected): Write the President
and Vice President requesting they interpret the election results
vis-à-vis AIDS efforts, report on Council activities and resources to
new Congressional members, and invite Congressional leadership to the
next Council meeting.
** \"Scenario 2\" goals **(President not re-elected): Discuss immediate
strategy by conference call, finalize a \"stroke-of-the-pen\" strategy,
and draft an Exit Document.
Other issues for consideration in the short term include continuing
resolutions, international concerns, prisons, substance abuse, and youth
and HIV. New Council Committees were established for discrimination and
prison issues, and members volunteered to work on international concerns
with Mr. Fogel. In addition, Dr. Cade and Mr. Anderson will draft a
preliminary plan for covering substance abuse for the December meeting.
The Council discussed Quilt activities and will make recommendations to
the White House regarding Administration participation.
A questionnaire drafted by Mr. Henderson and Dr. Hitt was proposed for
surveying AIDS service organizations (ASOs) and White House Conference
participants by the end of the year to continue a dialogue with the AIDS
community, evaluate the Council\'s work to date, and seek input on
prioritization of AIDS issues. The Council could not decide on timing,
circulation, wording of the questionnaire, or uses and value of the
results, and the issue was tabled until the December meeting.
Ms. Billings will redraft the questionnaire with Dr. Hitt.
** Staffing and Budget Issues**
Support staff and funding are needed to continue Council work, even on
an interim basis, as volunteer burnout is inevitable and communications
must be improved. Funding is needed for staff, consultation with outside
experts, member travel to other meetings, communications, and research.
Staff---one full-time employee (FTE), requested through HHS, and a
person capable of performing analytical, organizational, and other
substantive work---are needed to handle administrative work,
communications, community outreach, coordination and documentation of
meetings and conference calls, action reminders, research, and
information gathering. ONAP can provide office space for Council staff
but cannot share personnel. Ms. Fleming suggested that a Government
Fellow possibly could be assigned to PACHA. The Council will draft an
interim working plan, with long-term needs to be delineated if PACHA is
to continue. Dr. Hitt asked Committees to prepare 6-month plans for
staffing and resource needs.
** Process Issues**
** Information production and dissemination processes** need to be
improved through better staffing and funding.
** Communications protocols and proper coordination** must be developed.
Council communications should not be duplicative or burdensome to
members, outside agencies, or ONAP, and a mechanism for followup is
needed. On an interim basis, Council communications with Government
entities, especially those concerning information or meetings and
requiring followup, will go through Mr. Montoya, excluding conference
calls that involve other ONAP personnel.
** A new Discrimination Committee** was established to help identify and
keep up with related issues. Members are Mr. Schatz, Chair, and liaisons
from existing Committees---Ms. Gerus, Mr. Henderson, and Mr. Johnson.
** Interim action plan**. A non-urgent issue, such as a resolution or a
letter, can be put in the *Federal Register*; however, if urgent, it
should be handled by conference call.
** Committee participation and structure**. Problems have arisen with
members who are absent from meetings and conference calls and do not
respond to urgent communications. Members were urged to change or drop
out of Committee assignments if they are not able to complete tasks and
follow up on action items. Committees agreed to send advance information
on the topics and participants of conference calls.
** Absentee policy**. Suggested ways of dealing with absenteeism include
using an attendance chart for meetings and conference calls; creating an
environment wherein members feel safe to say \"I can\'t do it\"; asking
those who have missed meetings not to revisit issues that have already
been resolved; having Chairs self-police their meetings; setting a limit
on the number of times a Council member can miss for other than excused
absences and/or in case of illness (two should be the maximum); and
replacing non-participating members with others who can participate.
Dr. Hitt will develop a device for tracking attendance and a guideline
for participation and absenteeism. ONAP will research the legalities of
removing Presidential Council members, and Dr. Hitt will check policy
with the White House.
** Lobbying**. Members were reminded that they cannot lobby while on
Government-paid travel; if members choose not to accept Government
funding, they can do as they please.
** International issues**. Mr. Fogel asked for help in researching the
issues surrounding U.S. leadership and AIDS in the international
community, and Mr. Rankin and Dr. Weniger volunteered. The Council
deferred a decision whether this will be a full or ad hoc committee or
remain a cross-cutting issue with Mr. Fogel as the point person.
** International Issues Update Panel**
A panel representing 14 AIDS-related organizations discussed major
issues in the international arena and made recommendations for actions
by PACHA and the Administration. Mr. Fogel chaired the panel and noted
that the AIDS pandemic is not only a matter of numbers of people
infected and orphans created, but also of the economic disasters it
causes in emerging economies. In addition, it affects issues of civil
rights, gender, and social justice. Speakers were the following:
**Victor Barnes**, Acting Director of the Division of HIV/AIDS of the
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), presented an overview
of the global epidemic and the USAID\'s past and future response to it.
He also summarized the AIDSCAP Satellite Symposium at the Vancouver
Conference, covering the status and trends of the epidemic outside the
United States: From 1990 through the present, HIV infections worldwide
doubled, with 94 percent in developing countries, where HIV/AIDS is
spreading rapidly even as it declines in the United States. Heterosexual
transmission is the major route of infection; the average age of newly
infected persons is declining; rates of newly infected women and youth
in urban settings are disproportionately high; economic impact is high;
available resources for care and treatment are much smaller than in the
United States; and morbidity and mortality have forced the growth of a
community-based infrastructure that is missing from the United States.
**Eric L. Sawyer**, ACT UP/New York, discussed human rights abuses,
which continue to kill millions of impoverished PWAs. These include drug
company profiteering, government isolation of the rich from the poor and
the uninfected from the infected with immigration barriers and
quarantines, and hatred of the poor and disenfranchised communities.
**Stuart Burden**, MacArthur Foundation, gave a private sector
perspective, focusing on
U.S. leadership in worldwide collaboration; resources, including new
funding and equipment donations; and development of ideas through new
methods of exchange.
**Lori Heise**, Health and Development Policy Project, addressed
integration of gender and social justice issues into international
health policy and practices and suggested that increased funding could
come from foreign-aid budgets.
**Cynthia Mariel**, National Council for International Health, discussed
the roles of private voluntary organizations (PVOs) and nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) in the fight against AIDS. More than 100
organizations in the United States are involved in international AIDS
programs, and she stressed the need for funding for these
community-based groups.
**Paul Boneberg**, Global AIDS Action Network (GAAN), addressed U.S.
global AIDS programs and gave recommendations for USAID, the Department
of State, the President, and PACHA.
**Jairo Pedraza**, Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+),
discussed international access to treatment and the mission of GNP+ in
World Health Organization (WHO) regions.
**Harold Phillips**, National Minority AIDS Council (NMAC), spoke on the
exchange between domestic and international NGOs, the Joint South
Africa/U.S. Collaboration Conference, and the mission of NMAC in
providing technical assistance to AIDS-related organizations.
**Patricia Fleming**, Director of ONAP and a delegate to the joint
United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), discussed the creation
and mission of UNAIDS: to amplify national programs, help eliminate the
tangle of programs, and reduce overlapping among government
organizations globally. With a total budget of \$60 million, UNAIDS
provides technical assistance to governments, promotes research and
exchange of prevention ideas, coordinates AIDS programs within
companies, and promotes strong AIDS programs in foreign countries.
**John Y. Killen, Jr., M.D**., National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID), gave an international perspective to the
issue of prevention research and vaccine development. Finding an
effective HIV/AIDS vaccine is an enormously challenging but feasible
goal, with scientific, logistic, social, and economic issues that are
different in other parts of the world. He provided a copy of NIAID\'s
strategic plan for vaccine research and development and described the
Institute\'s infrastructure for worldwide vaccine efficacy trials,
HIVNET.
**Deborah L. Birx, M.D.**, Department of HIV Vaccine Development of the
Department of Defense (DoD) and the Walter Reed Institute of Research,
described the Army\'s vaccine research and development program and its
coordinated efforts with the Navy and other countries.
**Phillip K. Russell, M.D.**, The Johns Hopkins University, School of
Public Health, talked about International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
efforts to create a more favorable environment for development of a safe
and effective vaccine around the world. The Initiative will help
strategic planning and funding for underfunded research in conjunction
with the private sector.
**Elaine Daniels, M.D., Ph.D.**, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS), discussed the Trinational Joint Declaration on HIV/AIDS,
a meeting of high-level Administration personnel from the United States,
Mexico, and Canada, and the U.S./Canada Initiative on Palliative Care.
She focused on incorporation of input of PWAs in all phases of the AIDS
epidemic and partnerships between PWAs and health care workers.
**Nancy Carter-Foster**, Director of Emerging Infectious Diseases and
HIV/AIDS Office of the Department of State (DOS), discussed the changing
attitudes and status of the disease at high levels. The DOS educates
high-level personnel such as ambassadors and all of its Foreign Service
personnel on AIDS in international populations and human rights issues.
She described the establishment of the Global Surveillance and Response
Network and the U.S. International Strategy on HIV/AIDS, which includes
prevention of new infections, reduction of personal and social impacts,
and mobilization and unification of national and international efforts.
The following were common themes and recommendations:
Because the disease is an issue of development, poverty, and power
dynamics, USAID is the heart of the response to global AIDS. It should
be strong, well funded, and fully staffed, and its agenda should be
expanded to include care and treatment with prevention efforts and
protection of human rights. Vacancies in the Office of AIDS must be
filled with people with global HIV/AIDS experience.
Collaboration among all National Governments and NGOs is necessary to
provide effective exchange of ideas and techniques, to develop
preventions and treatments, and to eliminate costly overlapping.
Money is the critical factor in halting the spread of AIDS; the
international effort needs five to ten times more funding than it
currently has. The President should seek a huge increase in global AIDS
funds for both prevention and care. The United States also needs a
vehicle to manage its AIDS funding.
The United States must increase its leadership in linking worldwide
efforts and information. The President and Vice President must become
more involved in leadership, such as working with the private sector to
increase resources for the worldwide fight against AIDS.
In order to stop the pandemic, the United States must have a global
perspective. We have a moral obligation to help other countries, as AIDS
can destroy emerging economies in such areas as Africa, Asia, and the
former Soviet Union.
Access for all people to prevention and care is of greatest importance.
Drug pricing must be curbed; the Administration can help by asking for
cooperation from pharmaceutical companies to increase access and promote
public health worldwide.
The ratio of global research investment in treatments versus prevention
is five to one; the development of vaccines and other preventive
measures needs to be emphasized.
NGOs, PVOs, and other community-based programs around the world need
support.
Human rights and social justice must be considered, and the development
of a human rights protection program for PWAs must be developed.
Gender issues, such as female microbicides and empowerment, must be
addressed.
All travel restrictions against PWAs should be removed. Unrestricted
travel is a basic human right and allows people with important messages
to enter this country.
This Update is seen as a \"first step\" in the development of U.S.
international collaborative efforts; however, PACHA needs to continue to
educate members on the global pandemic, include the international agenda
in all meetings, and add members with international experience.
In summary, Mr. Barnes said that prevention cannot be provided in
isolation. He outlined some of USAID\'s responses to these issues:
adding discrimination to its agenda; seeking to fund small,
community-based programs by involving NGOs and PVOs in implementing its
programs locally; and fully staffing the Office of AIDS by the end of
this year.
Dr. Hitt thanked the Panel and asked each of the speakers to select
three to five major recom-mendations, reformatting them to match PACHA
recommendations, including both actions that the Executive Branch can
take alone and those that need cooperative effort. PACHA will use these
to develop international Council recommendations to the Administration.
**Committee Meetings**
** Research and Prevention Committees**
** Joint Meeting**
**Committee Attendees**
**Research Committee: **Alexandra Mary Levine, M.D.; Jerry Cade, M.D.;**
**Ms. Phyllis Greenberger;** **Scott Hitt, M.D.; Mr. Ronald Johnson;**
**Ms. Helen H. Miramontes**.**
**Prevention Committee: **Mr. Terje Anderson, Mr. Robert Fogel,
Ms. Kathleen Gerus, Mr. Mike Isbell, Mr. Jeremy Landau, Mr. Steve Lew,
Rev. Altagracia Perez, Ms. Debbie Runions,
Mr. Benjamin Schatz.
**Presenters/Panelists**: Judith D. Auerbach, Ph.D., Behavioral and
Social Science Coordinator,
Office of AIDS Research, NIH; Don Des Jarlais, Ph.D., Director of
Research, Chemical Dependency Institute, NDRI; Margaret Chesney, Ph.D.,
Co-Director of the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of
California, San Francisco.
Dr. Levine opened the meeting with an overview of the joint committee
panel meeting. She introduced the guest presenters and thanked them for
sharing their expertise with the Council. She noted that Dr. Hortensia
Amaro from the School of Public Health, Boston University, who was to
speak on social issues of behavior, race, and ethnicity, was unable to
attend the conference.
She briefly outlined the research priorities developed in the NIH Plan
for HIV-Related Research, considered to be the consensus document of
where the field should be going. Dr. Auerbach went on to discuss the
genesis and mission of the Evaluation Working Group Area Review Panels,
which, after a year-long review of AIDS research at the NIH, developed
the recommendations incorporated in the \"Report of the NIH AIDS
Research Program Evaluation Task Force.\" The mission of the Panels, she
said, was to look critically at the NIH Plan and determine how to
develop specific recommendations that address the priorities.
Dr. Auerbach emphasized the focus of the science and the themes imbedded
in each of the four priorities.
The first priority is primary prevention through intervention research.
The second is to support the basic social sciences and behavioral
research underlying interventions: neurobiological and the
neuropsychological factors.
The third is to address the consequences of HIV from the individual to
the societal level.
The fourth is to advance innovative methodologies to enhance behavioral
research.
The key issues for OAR, she said, are better representation across the
range of behavioral and social sciences disciplines; integration of
disciplines such as anthropology, sociolology, and political science
(impact of policy decisions); augmentation of the units of analysis to
include couples, families, communities; clarification of the basic
science of HIV prevention and intervention; greater knowledge of the
mechanics of sexuality, sexual behavior, addiction, individual behavior
change; more attempts to integrate behavioral and biomedical approaches
where appropriate; attention to populations that have been
underrepresented to date; recognition of the individuals and communities
affected and created by HIV/AIDS.
Dr. Des Jarlais' presentation dealt with the worldwide spread of HIV
disease among injection drug users (IDUs) and the need to implement an
effective, preventive needle-exchange program. Recent studies point to
the rapid and widespread increase in drug use and HIV disease over the
past 10 years. In cities where there was an explosive rise in HIV,
studies found that IDUs were not aware of the connection between needle
sharing and HIV; there were strong restrictions on access to sterile
equipment; and IDUs were sharing needles with strangers. Conversely,
cities with a stable, low-HIV seroincidence among IDUs showed that
prevention efforts were begun early (before the disease grew out of
hand), and there was early access through syringe-exchange programs and
community outreach. Data show that there are very effective
interventions for IDUs to reduce risk behavior and HIV transmission.
However, although the National Commission on AIDS in 1991 recommended
treatment upon request for IDUs and removing legal barriers to syringe
exchange in pharmacies, neither of these recommendations has been
implemented.
Dr. Chesney discussed the challenges facing the research and prevention
community that will affect issues of adherence for IDUs. The latest
clinical trials show that protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors
have achieved sustained reduction of plasma HIV RNA; that triple
therapy, including antiretrovirals and protease inhibitors, has led to
significant decreases in viral load. The issues that need to be
addressed are the extent to which (1) reductions in viral load will lead
to survival and (2) noncompliance with therapy will lead to resistance,
cross-resistance strains of the virus, and multidrug resistance strains
to the virus.
Recent studies have raised some challenging issues for behavior and
social science research: (1) identifying and recruiting persons into
triple-therapy care as early as possible during the acute infection
stage to lower the virus levels; (2) maintaining compliance to new
triple-therapy regimens; (3) focusing prevention intervention (early
counseling, access to care, making compliance a life priority) on
HIV-positive individuals; (4) testing the effects of primary prevention
intervention on HIV seroincidence.
**Discussion**
Dr. Levine opened the floor for questions from the Committee. An
intensive question and answer period followed, and the following are
some of the points made:
Certification of needle-exchange efficacy must come from the Surgeon
General before an effective Federally funded needle-exchange program can
be put in place.
There are no data to show an increase in drug use as a result of a
needle-exchange program.
Mandatory testing will not work; there is no way to determine how often
a person should be tested. What should be considered is targeted testing
and targeted intervention. Substantial evidence exists that links needle
exchange with getting IDUs into treatment; however, most cities do not
have sufficient treatment centers.
The NIH is working on a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together
the various ICDs to develop an AIDS prevention science agenda and
linking it to the CDC and other agencies with similar agendas.
Accessibility to clinical trials is necessary to increase enrollment and
ensure participation and retention.
NIDA is conducting studies on such issues as how to make the local
syringe-exchange programs more effective and how to reach the most
people.
There are questions that remain unanswered concerning early intervention
and the proposed three-drug treatment. How long should the treatment
last? When should treatment be stopped? Should it be stopped?
Adherence counseling (maintaining correct dosage, staying on therapy
regimen, knowledge of what the drugs are and how they work, etc.) is
very important for therapy to be effective.
Questions that still remain unanswered: Why is risk behavior occurring?
What underlying cause of risk behavior are we trying to determine? Are
randomized trials worthwhile?
Societal problems need to be solved if HIV/AIDS prevention problems are
to be solved.
**Conclusion**
Dr. Levine and the Committee members thanked the speakers for their
contributions to a most interesting and informative meeting, and
adjourned the meeting.
**Services Committee Meeting**
**Members Present:** Mr. Gould, Chair; Dr. Abel; Mr. Bollman;
Mr. Burgos; Ms. Fleming;
Mr. Henderson; Dr. Hitt; Mr. Levi; Mr. Lew; and Dr. Rankin. Mr. Gould
introduced the Committee and guest speakers, who briefed the Committee
on various aspects of health care services.
**Drug Pricing**: John Coster, National Association of Chain Pharmacies;
Paul Kim, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR); and Steve
Schondelmeyer, University of Minnesota, gave an overview of drug-pricing
methods, trends, problems, and abuses.
**Housing**: Jacquie Lawing, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic
Development, HUD; and David Vos, HUD Office of HIV/AIDS, discussed the
HOPWA program and HUD\'s plans and commitment to increase its budget and
provide housing for PWAs.
**AIDS Drug Assistant Program (ADAP)**: Joseph O\'Neill, Associate
Administrator for AIDS, and Anita Eichler, Head of AIDS Services, HRSA,
gave an overview of ADAP, its current financial crisis, and cost-savings
and monitoring programs it is initiating. Annette Burn, Director, and
Robert Stealey, Office of Drug Pricing, described the drug-pricing
program and voluntary discounting practices under the 602 pricing
program. Joe Kelley, National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS
Directors, presented a \"Fiscal Status Update of State ADAPs,\"
discussing gaps in coverage and challenges facing these programs. These
include large shortfalls created by rapidly increasing patient
enrollments and escalating drug costs, especially in programs that cover
protease inhibitors.
From the ADAP Working Group, Gary Rose, AIDS Action Council, and Kara
Lindeman, Director of Public Affairs, Merck & Co., gave an advocacy
perspective on the need for interim solutions to the escalating costs of
medications and the shortfalls and gaps in States\' funding.
**Ryan White CARE Act Reauthorization Implementation Issues:**
Mr. O\'Neill reviewed the Act and the issues of implementing the
significant changes being made in it under the Reauthorization of 1995.
Other HRSA officials described activities and changes in individual
funding programs.
Title I, funding for cities, and Title II, States, were described by
Ms. Eichler.
Title IIIB, community and individual health care providers, described by
Dr. Deborah Parham, Chief of the HIV and Substance Abuse Service Branch,
now specifies that 50 percent of funding is to go to primary care for
HIV.
Title IV, pediatric care providers, discussed by Lauren Deigh, Deputy
Chief for the Pediatric AIDS Program Branch, puts new emphasis on women
and pediatric research.
Significant Programs of National Significance (SPNS), research and
development of new models of care, reported Kathy Marconi, Director of
Science and Epidemiology, Bureau of Health Resources Development, is now
linked more closely to other programs.
The AIDS Education Training Centers (AETCs) program for health care
workers, discussed by Bruce Martell, Acting Director of the program, is
shifting patients into managed care.
The new AIDS Dental Reimbursement Program, giving support to dental
schools and hospitals, was described by Stuart Bernstein, Bureau of
Health Professions.
Other business included a discussion with Nancy-Ann Min, Associate
Director, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), who discussed the
commitment of the OMB and the Executive Branch to increase budgets for
AIDS programs.
**Committee Reports to the Council**
**Joint Research Prevention Committees Report**
Dr. Levine, Chair, reviewed a new OAR portfolio, which responds to PACHA
Recommendation II.D.4 on HIV/AIDS clinical research. The portfolio,
\"Prevention Science,\" relates to behavioral and social sciences issues
and delineates the following goals: researching interventions that are
effective, as measured in the community; studying reasons why persons
continue risk behaviors after education; evaluating research methods;
and finding ways to minimize social consequences of HIV infection.
Dr. Paul is establishing an Advisory Committee to help the NIH develop a
coordinated prevention science agenda, and Dr. Auerbach asked PACHA to
recommend a coordinated behavioral and social sciences program at the
NIH.
Studies on injection drug users (IDUs) presented by Dr. Des Jarlais may
clear the way for Federal- or State-funded needle-exchange programs.
Several of the studies show that in cities with the highest incidence of
IDU seroconversions, IDUs were not educated to the association of
sharing equipment and HIV seroconversion; users had many opportunities
to share equipment with others, including strangers; and there was no
needle-exchange program. Cities with lower rates of infection began
prevention strategies early, had tremendous community outreach, made
education a priority, and had practical needle-exchange programs.
Under a current Labor/HHS bill affecting CDC and other funding, Federal
money cannot be spent on syringe-exchange programs until the Surgeon
General can prove the following: (1) that they are effective in
preventing or decreasing HIV transmission and (2) that they do not lead
to increased drug use. Another bill, affecting only NIDA funds, adds a
requirement for associated decreased drug use. The studies quoted above
prove points 1 and 2; another study, in Tacoma, Washington, also showed
decreased drug usage, because exchange sites have become drug treatment
centers as well.
Research and Prevention Committees will draft a recommendation for the
Surgeon General to state that these requirements have been met and ask
for Federal money for a syringe-exchange program. Even if the Government
does not comply, this will allow States to set up their own programs.
This recommendation should be ready to go to the President in December,
before any White House transition. Committee members will meet with
personnel from the office of Secretary Shalala for assistance with the
recommendation.
Dr. Chesney\'s key issues were compliance and early detection and
treatment of potential HIV infections, which dramatically affect
survival and transmission rates. Of particular concern is compliance
with protease inhibitor treatments, which are extremely difficult. Also,
it was found that health care workers who receive needle sticks do not
seroconvert if given AZT within
72 hours. Although using this method for sexual exposure might prove
successful, it would remain problematic.
**Research Committee Report**
Dr. Paul has set up six groups to plan methods and set a timetable for
implementing the recommendations made by the OAR Area Review Panels, to
be submitted by December 16. A consolidated OAR budget has not been
established yet, perhaps because it is believed that the current
Congress would not respond well to the fact that 12 percent of NIH money
is already directed to AIDS.
Although Dr. Paul does not favor microbicide development, Dr. Levine
pointed out that PACHA should continue to recommend it because it is
easy and practical to develop and effective as prevention. She will meet
with Dr. Fauci on this subject after the Council meeting.
Suggested Council Recommendation followup concerns II.D.1. on the Vice
President\'s efforts on drug development. The focus of the Keystone
Group has been on treatment; microbicides and vaccines should now be
added.
The Committee\'s short-term plans are to meet with the Prevention
Committee to draft a recommendation on needle exchange and arrange for
speakers for the next meeting on social issues. In the future, it will
develop a vaccine agenda. Conference calls will be made September 24
(external vaccine briefing), October 9 (general research), and October
25 (external vaccine briefing) at 10 a.m. EST, and December 6 (with
Prevention on syringe exchange) at 11 a.m. EST.
**Prevention Committee Report**
Mr. Anderson made the report in Mr. Robinson\'s absence, saying that the
integration between the Research and Prevention Committees was very
helpful. Recent actions by the Committee included a meeting with the
Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) that was \"open and
honest,\" and it was recommended to ONDCP that someone with HIV
expertise be added to their staff. Council members are invited to submit
recommendations and resumes. A conference call with the head of the HIV
Office of the CDC resulted in the Committee\'s belief that CDC\'s AIDS
programs are \"underdeveloped, unfocused, and overly timid.\" The
Committee will request a full-day meeting with the CDC in December to
obtain a better understanding of the CDC\'s AIDS programs so that more
targeted recommendations can be made.
Followup is needed for: (1) Recommendation I.C.1, asking that prevention
be designated by the President as an investment priority (The Committee
feels that clarification is needed for the term \"investment
priorities\"), and (2) the Recommendation specifying how to address the
issue on research of the safety of oral sex relative to transmission.
Followup is requested on surveillance and prevalence, testing, and
training, particularly by the CDC.
On the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), the Committee drafted a letter
asking the President to support the Act as a prevention measure.
Conference calls were scheduled for October 7 (review National
Strategy), November 19 (preparation for CDC meeting), and December 6
(syringe exchange); all are at 11 a.m. EST.
**Services Committee Report**
Mr. Gould, Chair, distributed the final draft of a letter on welfare
reform (the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act of 1966) as concerns PWAs, and the Council voted unanimously to send
it to the President immediately.
Mr. Bollman reviewed reports on the economics of drug development,
marketing, and sales, and the current status of the AIDS Drug Assistance
Program (ADAP). Drug prices continue to escalate, especially for
protease inhibitors, and there is great need to seek government
assistance in monitoring and controlling these prices. ADAP\'s financial
crisis began before the advent of protease inhibitors, whose costs have
escalated the problem; no State can meet the demand for these expensive
drugs at the present levels of funding and vary in their coverage, from
none to that of a limited number of drugs and/or patients. Program
advocates say \$140 million is needed next year but find it difficult to
justify because the demand and need are not truly known. New finance
strategies are needed, and the Committee will look at issues for future
recommendations: (1) actual costs of drugs and whether they can be
reduced through cooperative efforts between the Government and drug
companies by cost reduction or leverage in bulk purchasing, (2) pricing
issues, and (3) who will pay for these drugs. Services should stay
abreast of ADAP advocate activities to see whether a national consensus
develops. An emergent problem is that AIDS service funds in all or most
States are being diverted to ADAP to pay for drug costs. The Committee
was urged not to let this happen, since other service delivery system
needs are increasing. Dr. Hitt noted that the Council report had omitted
the status of ADAP; however, there seems to be no clear-cut consensus on
which to base a recommendation.
Regarding HOPWA, Mr. Gould said that, although the Council has raised
HUD\'s conscious-
ness about housing needs, money is very difficult to find. A request for
reprogramming of
\$15 million into HOPWA from other HUD programs was turned down, but HUD
staff are hopeful that the \$25 million reprogramming supplement to this
year\'s budget will be accepted.
Dr. Abel reported on significant modifications to the Ryan White CARE
program, among them that SPNS now includes Native Americans. A new
Dental Reimbursement Act provides
\$6 million to dental schools and hospital residency programs to train
dentists in working with patients with HIV disease; however, larger
dental centers, which treat the greatest number of AIDS patients, are
not eligible for these funds. The AETC program has a 25 percent budget
cut, necessitating revision of training and standardization across the
country to reduce costs. Title IV is linking 20,000 women, youth, and
children into research protocols for the first time, and Title IIIB has
changed from intervention into a primary care program. Discussion of
Titles I and II raised issues of where money is best spent and whether
outcome measures can be developed to answer this. Should it be left to
the Federal Government, the States, the advocates, or the ethicists? The
Service Committee votes for the ethicists.
Conference calls were set for October 3 (review of National Strategy)
and October 24 (update) at 10 a.m. EST. Reports will be given in
December on issues under review, including youth and alternative
therapies. Regarding existing Service recommendations, the Committee
agreed that all or most are in progress; if shortfalls are perceived,
the Committee will contact Mr. Levi. Services hopes to have additional
recommendations on drug pricing and ADAP by December.
**Discrimination Committee Report**
Mr. Schatz reported that the Committee found the following areas of the
National Strategy needed expanded coverage: discrimination issues other
than employment, such as education, housing, and denial of care; a
broader role of Government in fighting discrimination even in
nontraditional areas such as family law; a more systemic agency approach
toward education; and the list of agencies responding to discrimination
issues in the Appendices.
\"Stroke-of-the-pen\" items for immediate Administration response
include Recommendations II.E.1. (discrimination in Government agencies)
and II.E.2. (health care workers). The Committee proposed to meet with
the Domestic Policy Council regarding II.E.1. and the CDC and the
Prevention Committee on II.E.2. Ms. Fleming said ONAP briefed the
President on discriminatory practices in the Peace Corps and other
agencies and met with the Job Corps, which has agreed to remove
restrictions such as mandatory HIV testing. ONAP will follow up with
other agencies, and Mr. Henderson said that contact was being made with
the Department of State.
For the December meeting, the Committee will put together information
from outside sources, including the Discrimination Subcommittee of the
White House Conference. Mr. Lew will assess immigration discrimination
issues. Conference calls were set for September 26 and November 18 at 12
noon EST.
**Prison Committee Report**
Mr. Landau, Chair, introduced the new Committee members---Dr. Abel,
Ms. Gerus, Mr. Cade, Dr. Ranking, and Patricia Milon, HRSA Liaison---and
said they will send an information packet and proposed recommendations
to the Council prior to the December meeting. The Committee will put
together a panel with three or four speakers to review the material;
discuss legal, prison, international, and inmate issues; and make
recommendations for 1997. Conference planning calls are set for October
31 and November 21 at 11 a.m. EST, through Ms. Milon\'s office.
**International Update Review**
The Council viewed the International Update Panel as a good format for
future information sessions; however, speakers and material should be
limited, reasonable time limits imposed, and time reserved for
questions. Speakers should answer the question, \"What do you want the
Council to do for you?\" and give specific recommendations. Background
material and recommendations, if possible, should be sent to Council
members in advance. Dr. Hitt asked Mr. Fogel to collect, assess, and put
recommendations from the speakers into proper format for Council
consideration. Two proposed \"urgent-message\" international
recommendations were put before the Council; one was approved as
follows:
Because of the extraordinary number of vacancies in the Agency for
International Development (USAID) HIV/AIDS program and the potential
impact of these vacancies on its effectiveness, the President should
direct USAID immediately to fill the existing vacancies in the Division
of HIV/AIDS with personnel expert in global AIDS issues. USAID should
incorporate in its future AIDS programs greater emphasis on skills
exchange between domestic AIDS groups and their counterparts in other
nations and expand its AIDS efforts to include issues relative to care,
treatment, and the protection of the human rights of those infected.
A recommendation for a meeting between the President and the Director of
USAID was tabled for additional consideration. A second recommendation,
to fill a current vacancy on the Council with someone with international
experience, will be made to the Administration.
**Other Business**
**National Strategy Resolution**
A resolution on the National AIDS Strategy was reviewed and approved by
Council members:
The Council is appreciative that ONAP has sought our feedback on the
internal working draft of the National AIDS Strategy and requests an
opportunity to review the document and provide our responses no later
than November 15 \[or November 1 as requested by Ms. Fleming\], 1996. It
is our understanding that ONAP will take our comments under
consideration, report back to the Council, and circulate the subsequent
draft for community comment by the time of the Advisory Council\'s
December 1996 meeting.
**DOMA**
The Discrimination Committee stated that DOMA should be covered in the
Prevention Committee, since it is not being targeted as a Civil Rights
issue, but rather for the impact of homophobia on HIV research.
Prevention stated that a public ban on same-sex marriage will establish
\"a phobia that makes it difficult to send the message to high-risk gay
men that their lives are worth protecting.\" The Committee\'s letter
would put the Council on record as considering this a prevention issue.
Unanimously approved, it was to be sent to the President immediately.
**Gramm Amendment/SSDI Issues**
Mr. Anderson reviewed these issues and asked that the Council send an
information request to the Administration before the next meeting
concerning what HHS is doing to implement the Gramm Amendment to the
Welfare Reform bill to provide access to certain public benefits to
people convicted of drug felonies. Additionally, an imminent change in
the determination of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
benefits based on substance abuse will separate PWAs in need of public
assistance (Medicaid) from health care. The Council should ask the
Social Services Administration (SSA) what is happening and how they will
ensure access to services for HIV/AIDS patients. These issues should be
addressed in December, and the Service Committee should monitor them as
well as any response from the President to the letter regarding the
welfare bill.
**Long-Range and Short-Term Goals**
Possible public uses of the Four-Year Plan are to reference the two main
objectives in a survey to White House Conference attendees and as
background for a meeting with the Administration to discuss staffing and
funding needs. Members were asked to review the Plan and send changes to
Dr. Hitt for further refinement at the next meeting. Short-term action
goals include the following:
Committees submit new followup action plans for appropriate
recommendations.
Members look for suggested action items in the transition phase.
Interim staffing and budget requests finalized, and during Quilt weekend
a meeting set with Kevin Thurm\[?\] to discuss resource needs.
The Administration advised regarding possible Quilt activities.
A letter to the President and Vice President interpreting election
results drafted by
Mr. Anderson, Mr. Fogel, and Dr. Hitt.
The Process Committee develops a legislative agenda and invitee list to
send with Council reports to new and old Congressional leaders after the
election, along with an invitation to the December Council meeting.
\"Stroke-of-the-pen\" strategy finalized and an Exit Document written by
the Process Committee.
**Town Hall Meetings**
Richard Sorian, ONAP, reported on the regional \"Town Hall Meetings\"
held to brief community leaders and organizations. He thanked the
Council for the idea and the direct participation of 17 members. The
project, which took 24 weeks and covered 39 ASOs and 3,500 to 4,000
people in 11 cities, was highly successful and provided many benefits,
including the opportunity to contact local philanthropists and develop a
list of community-based organizations (in Appendix to Report).
Conclusions were as follows: (1) Communities value and publicly support
programs like the Ryan White CARE Act, HOPWA, and prevention programs
supported by the CDC and other agencies. (2) Individuals, especially
PWAs, and local organizations appreciate the contact with Council
members and Government officials and having a public forum. (3)
Increased funding over the last few years is appreciated, but there are
rising needs and competition for funds. Some emerging populations, such
as youth and women, are struggling to get funds and learn skills needed
to gain them. ADAP is very popular, but people do not know how to get
into it, or how much and what it will cover.
ONAP found many successful community models for working with
under-covered populations (e.g., peer counseling programs work well with
youth) and is working with the CDC to set up a consortium to study and
replicate some of them. Conflict between the advocates of HIV prevention
and some community entities such as city councils and school boards
exists, but ASOs are finding innovative ways to avoid the conflicts.
Followup is essential and ONAP staff and the 21 participants from other
agencies are working on issues such as Social Security eligibility
problems. The draft report will be refined and sent to agency
participants and White House conferees, who inspired this program.
No more trips are planned between now and December, and Mr. Sorian asked
the Council to consider whether this process should be continued.
Dr. Hitt said it will be on the December agenda and a thank-you letter
will be sent from the Council to agency participants.
**Members Representing the Council**
Two issues surround Council representation in outside meetings: funding
and participation. Currently, there is no formal process for raising
funds and determining which meetings should be attended and by whom. The
current Council budget covers only the PACHA meetings and conference
calls. If a Council member is invited by a group to attend and expenses
are paid, there is no problem. Mr. Levi said it is legal for the Council
to accept private and agency funds for this, but there is no Government
agency to administer these funds. He will research regulations about
traveling abroad for members. Also needed are processes for obtaining
information from meetings that the Council does not attend and inviting
outside advisory council members and others to PACHA meetings. This will
be addressed in the staffing and funding requests; for now, members
should coordinate with Dr. Hitt when representing the Council.
Regarding the current staffing crunch, an agency representative from the
CDC, Ms. Sherry Darden, and Ms. Milon from HRSA are available to help
the Council. Mr. Levi will write a protocol for communications between
Council members and ONAP for this purpose.
Ms. Fleming thanked her staff for working with the Council, and Dr. Hitt
thanked Council members, Assessment and Process Ad Hoc Committees, and
ONAP for their participation. The meeting was adjourned at 1:30 p.m.
September 10, 1996.
| en |
converted_docs | 193701 | **ICE PELLET ALLOWANCE TIMES**
During the winter of 2006-2007, operations in ice pellets were approved
for "light ice pellets" with an allowance time of 25 minutes. That time
was based on limited research conducted late in the winter of 2005-2006
at the request of various industry groups. Additional and more
comprehensive ice pellet research was conducted jointly by the research
teams of the FAA and Transport Canada this past winter season. This
research consisted of extensive climatic chamber, wind tunnel, and live
aircraft testing with ice pellets (light and moderate) and light ice
pellets mixed with other forms of precipitation. Additionally, Type IV
anti-icing fluid with ice pellets embedded was evaluated for its aging
qualities over periods of time beyond the allowance times, when the
active precipitation time was limited to the allowance times. Results of
this research provide the basis for extended allowance times extended
allowance times for operations in light ice pellets, as well as
allowance times for operations in moderate ice pellets and light ice
pellets mixed with other forms of precipitation. Also guidance is
provided for Type IV anti-icing fluid with embedded ice pellets "aged"
beyond its allowance time when the precipitation stops at or prior to
the expiration of the allowance time.
**Operations in Light and Moderate Ice Pellets and Light Ice Pellets
mixed with other forms of precipitation.**
**(1)** Tests have shown that ice pellets generally remain in the frozen
state imbedded in Type IV anti-icing fluid, and are not absorbed by the
fluid in the same manner as other forms of precipitation. Using current
guidelines for determining anti-icing fluid failure, the presence of a
contaminant not absorbed by the fluid (remaining imbedded) would be an
indication that the fluid has failed. These imbedded ice pellets are
generally not readily detectable by the human eye during pre-takeoff
contamination check procedures. Therefore, a visual pre-takeoff
contamination check in ice pellet conditions may not be of value and is
not required.
**(2)** The research data have also shown that after proper deicing and
anti-icing, the accumulation of light ice pellets, moderate ice pellets,
and ice pellets mixed with other forms of precipitation in Type IV fluid
will not prevent the fluid from flowing off the aerodynamic surfaces
during takeoff. This flow due to shearing occurs with rotation speeds
consistent with Type IV anti-icing fluid recommended applications for up
to the applicable allowance time listed in Table-1. These allowance
times are from the start of the Type IV anti-icing fluid application.
Additionally, if the ice pellet condition stops, and the allowance time
has not been exceeded, and the OAT has remained constant or increased
from the temperature on which the allowance time was based, the operator
is permitted to consider the Type IV anti-icing fluid effective without
any further action up to 90 minutes after the start of the application
time of the Type IV anti-icing fluid.
> Examples: a) Type IV anti-icing fluid is applied with a start of
> application time of 10:00, OAT is 0^0^C, light ice pellets fall until
> 10:20 and stop and do not restart. The allowance time stops at 10:50;
> however, provided that the OAT remains constant or increases and that
> no precipitation restarts after the allowance time of 10:50 the
> aircraft may takeoff without any further action up to 11:30.
>
> b\) Type IV anti-icing fluid is applied with a start of application
> time of 10:00, OAT is 0^0^C, light ice pellets mixed with freezing
> drizzle falls until 10:10 and stops and restarts at 10:15 and stops at
> 10:20. The allowance time stops at 10:25, however provided that the
> OAT remains constant or increases and that no precipitation restarts
> after the allowance time of 10:25, the aircraft may takeoff without
> any further action up to 11:30.
>
> c\) On the other hand, if Type IV anti-icing fluid is applied with a
> start of application time of 10:00, OAT is 0^0^C, light ice pellets
> mixed with freezing drizzle falls until 10:10 and stops and restarts
> at 10:30 with the allowance time stopping at 10:25 the aircraft **may
> not takeoff,** no matter how short the time or type of precipitation
> after 10:25, without being deiced and anti-iced if precipitation is
> present.
**(3)** Operators with a deicing program approved in accordance with
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121,
section 121.629, will be allowed, in the specified ice pellet conditions
and corresponding outside air temperatures (OAT) listed in Table-1 "Ice
Pellet Allowance Times Winter 2007-2008", up to the specific allowance
time listed in Table-1 after the start of the anti-icing fluid
application to commence the takeoff with the following restrictions:
**(a)** The aircraft critical surfaces must be free of contaminants
before applying Type IV anti-icing fluid. If not, the aircraft must be
properly deiced and checked to be free of contaminants before the
application of Type IV anti-icing fluid.
**(b)** The allowance time is valid only if the aircraft is anti-iced
with undiluted Type IV fluid.
**(c)** Due to the shearing qualities of Type IV fluids with imbedded
ice pellets, this allowance is limited to aircraft with a rotation speed
of 100 knots or greater.
**(d)** If the takeoff is not accomplished within the applicable
allowance time in Table-1, the aircraft must be completely deiced, and
if precipitation is still present, anti-iced again prior to a subsequent
takeoff. If the precipitation stops at or before the time limits of the
applicable allowance time in Table-1 and does not restart the aircraft
may takeoff up to 90 minutes after the start of the application of the
Type IV anti-icing fluid provided the temperature on which the allowance
time was based remains constant or increases.
**(e)** A pre-takeoff contamination check is not required. The allowance
time cannot be extended by an internal or external check of the aircraft
critical surfaces.
**(f)** If ice pellet precipitation becomes heavier than moderate or if
the light ice pellets mixed with other forms of allowable precipitation
exceeds the listed intensities or temperature range, the allowance time
cannot be used.
**(g)** If the temperature decreases below the temperature on which the
allowance time was based,
**1.** And the new lower temperature has an associated allowance time
for the precipitation condition and the present time is within the new
allowance time, then that new time must be used as the allowance time
limit.
**2.** And the allowance time has expired (within the 90 minute post
anti-icing window if the precipitation has stopped within the allowance
time), the aircraft may not takeoff and must be completely deiced and,
if applicable, anti-iced before a subsequent takeoff.
**Table 1. Ice Pellet Allowance Times**
-------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------
**OAT ‑5^0^ C or **OAT Colder Than
Warmer** ‑5^0^ C**
**Light Ice Pellets** 50 Minutes 30 Minutes
**Moderate Ice Pellets** 25 Minutes 10 Minutes
**Light Ice Pellets Mixed with 25 Minutes Operations Not
Light or Moderate Snow** Authorized
**Light Ice Pellets Mixed with 25 Minutes 10 Minutes
Light or Moderate Freezing (Operations Not
Drizzle, or Light Freezing Authorized below
Rain** (Operations not ‑10^o^ C OAT)
authorized below ‑10^o^ C OAT)
**Light Ice Pellets Mixed with 25 Minutes (Operations Not
Light Rain** (Operations not (Operations Not Authorized below
authorized below 0^o^ C OAT) Authorized below 0^o^ C OAT
0^o^ C OAT)
-------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------
| en |
all-txt-docs | 515007 | sd0019
1. EAGLE MILL EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1907. SHOWS INITIAL MILL CONFIGURATION WITH FULLY EXPOSED CRUDE ORE BIN CONCRETE RETAINING WALL, SINGLE (SOUTH) CRUDE ORE BIN, AND EXPOSED CRUSHER HOUSE. NOTE THE LACK OF MACHINE SHOP OR SNOW SHEDS. CREDIT JW.
2. EAGLE MILL EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1907. VIEW SIMILAR TO SD-2-1. CREDIT JW.
3. EAGLE MILL, DETAIL OF CRUDE ORE BIN FROM NORTH, c. 1908-10. SHOWS EXPOSED CRUSHER HOUSE IN FRONT OF (SOUTH) CRUDE ORE BIN AND SNOW SHED ADDED OVER TRAM TRACKS. NOTE LACK OF EAST OR WEST CRUDE ORE BINS. CREDIT JW.
4. TROJAN MILL, DETAIL OF CRUDE ORE BINS FROM NORTH, c. 1912. SHOWS TIMBER FRAMING UNDER CONSTRUCTION FOR EAST AND WEST CRUDE ORE BINS AT PREVIOUS LOCATION OF CRUSHER HOUSE, AND SNOW SHED PRESENT OVER SOUTH CRUDE ORE BIN WITH PHASE CHANGE IN SNOW SHED CONSTRUCTION INDICATED AT EAST END OF EAST CRUDE ORE BIN. THIS PHOTOGRAPH IS THE FIRST IMAGE OF THE MACHINE SHOP, UPPER LEFT CORNER. CREDIT JW.
5. TROJAN MILL, PRIMARY THICKENER No. 1 FROM WEST, c. 1914. TANK BARREL IS COMPLETE, BUT ADDITION ENCLOSURE NOT YET BEGUN. SAMPLING ADDITION SOUTH OF CRUSHED ORE BIN (CHANGE OF SIDING COLOR SHOWN AS COMPLETE. ROCK BIN VISIBLE ON FAR RIGHT. CREDIT WR.
6. TROJAN MILL, PRIMARY THICKENER No. 1 FROM WEST, c. 1914. TANK COMPLETED PRIOR TO ADDITION OF ENCLOSURE. ADDITION FOR BARREN SOLUTION TANK JUST VISIBLE BETWEEN THICKENER AND CRUSHED ORE BIN. CREDIT WR.
7. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1918-28. ADDITIONS FOR PRIMARY THICKENERS No. 1 AND No. 2, SECONDARY THICKENERS No. 1, No. 2, AND No. 3, AGITATORS, AIR COMPRESSOR, AND PORTLAND FILTERS ARE SHOWN COMPLETE. STAIR ON NORTH SIDE OF CRUDE ORE BINS IS PRESENT AS IS THE LIME BIN ADJACENT TO THE WEST CRUDE ORE BIN, AND THE SNOW SHED ADDED OVER THE TRAMLINE SERVING THE EAST AND WEST CRUDE ORE BINS. ALSO PRESENT IS THE BABBITT HOUSE AND ROCK BIN. CREDIT JW.
8. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM WEST, c. 1918-28. SHOWS SITE WITH ALL SUPPORTING BUILDINGS. CREDIT JW.
9. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1918-28. WINTER SNOW SHOWS LINE OF CRUDE ORE BIN STAIR. CREDIT JW.
10. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM EAST, c. 1919-28. ADDITION TO THE EAST END OF MILLING FLOOR VISIBLE WITH TRAM ENTRY DOOR. ALSO SEEN ARE THE ADDITIONS FOR MILL SOLUTION TANKS AND THE EAST SIDE OF SAMPLING ROOMS. CREDIT JW.
11. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM NORTHEAST, c. 1940-59. ROASTER AND OTHER UNOXIDIZED ORE CIRCUIT ADDITIONS PRESENT, ALONG WITH SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 AND ADDITIONS TO MACHINE SHOP. CREDIT JW.
12. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (MONADNOCK CHILEAN) FROM EAST, c. 1912. ELEVATOR No. 1 ADJACENT TO MILL. CREDIT WR.
13. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (ALLIS CHALMERS BALL MILL) FROM EAST, c. 1919. ELECTRIC MOTOR AND DRIVE SHAFT CLEARLY VISIBLE. CREDIT WR.
14. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING GOLD TANKS FROM WEST, c. 1937. DATE BASED ON USE IN PUBLICATION. CREDIT WR.
15. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRECIPITATION AREA FROM NORTH, c. 1934. SHOWS PRECIPITATION TANK No. 1 (NOTE LOCKS), ZINC FEEDER WITH MIXING CONE, VACUUM RECEIVER AND PIPING. CREDIT WR.
16. INTERIOR, PORTLAND FILTER FROM SOUTHEAST, PRE-1934. FILTERS WERE IN USE FROM 1918 TO 1934. CREDIT WR.
17. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, REFINERY INTERIOR, c. 1937. CRUCIBLE AND DRYING OVENS SHOWN. CREDIT WR.
18. VIEW OF CRUDE ORE BINS FROM WEST. WEST CRUDE ORE BIN AND TRESTLE FROM TWO JOHNS TRAMLINE TO SOUTH, CRUDE ORE BIN IN FOREGROUND. MACHINE SHOP IN BACKGROUND. THE TRAM TO PORTLAND PASSED TO NORTH OF MACHINE SHOP.
19. VIEW OF CRUDE ORE BINS FROM EAST. EAST CRUDE ORE BIN IN FOREGROUND WITH DISCHARGE TO GRIZZLY AT BOTTOM OF VIEW. CONCRETE RETAINING WALL TO LEFT (SOUTH) AND BOTTOM (EAST EDGE OF EAST BIN).
20. VIEW NORTH TO MILL FROM SOUTH CRUDE ORE BIN. END OF CONCRETE RETAINING WALL VISIBLE AT RIGHT.
21. VIEW FROM EAST, TRAM TRESTLE FROM TWO JOHNS LINE TO SOUTH CRUDE ORE BIN.
22. GENERAL VIEW OF MILL FROM SOUTHEAST. PROMINENT ARE THE 100-TON STEEL CRUSHED UNOXIDIZED ORE BIN, CENTER LEFT; STEPHENS-ADAMSON 15 TON/HR INCLINED BUCKET ELEVATOR IN FRONT OF THE STEEL ORE BIN; AND THE BAKER COOLER, LOWER RIGHT. THESE MACHINES AND OTHERS IN THE AREA WERE PART OF THE UNOXIDIZED ORE CIRCUIT. THE ROASTER IS OUT OF THE PICTURE TO THE RIGHT (EAST).
23. VIEW OF EAST END OF MILL. THE FOUR GENERAL LEVELS OF THE MILL ARE SHOWN STEPPING DOWN THE HILLSIDE FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. THE 100-TON STEEL ORE BIN AND STEPHENS-ADAMSON 15TON INCLINED BUCKET ELEVATOR ARE ON THE CRUSHING LEVEL AT RIGHT. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT THE OTHER LEVELS ARE MILLING, LEACHING AND PRECIPITATION.
24. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ON LEFT WITH ELEVATOR/CRUSHED ORE BIN TOWER TO RIGHT. MAIN MILL BUILDING IN CENTER WITH THICKENER ADDITION TO RIGHT. MACHINE SHOP ON CRUDE ORE BIN TERRACE ABOVE ROASTER. THE LOCATION OF THE 100,000 GALLON MILL WATER TANK CAN BE SEEN AT THE CENTER RIGHT NEAR THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN.
25. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND. SHOWS ROASTER ON LEFT EDGE OF VIEW. THE SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 IS OFF VIEW TO THE RIGHT.
26. VIEW OF MILL FROM NORTHEAST. SUMP LEVEL UNDER PRECIPITATION FLOOR VISIBLE IN CENTER.
27. VIEW OF CENTRAL SECTION OF MILL FROM NORTHEAST. LEVELS OF MILL VISIBLE IN ROOF LINES INCLUDE CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN (OPEN FRAMING, TOP CENTER), MILLING FLOOR (FIRST ROOF DOWN FROM ORE BIN), LEACHING/OLD SAND TANK LEVEL (SHALLOWER SECOND ROOF DOWN), GOLD TANK/AGITATOR LEVEL (CENTER), AND PRECIPITATION LEVEL WITH SUMP LEVEL BELOW (LOWER RIGHT). ROOF BREAKS ALLOWED FOR CLERESTORY WINDOWS WHICH ILLUMINATED THE INTERIORS, ALONG WITH DORMERS.
28. VIEW OF CENTRAL SECTION OF MILL FROM NORTH. COMPRESSOR ROOM BELOW PRECIPITATION FLOOR IS VISIBLE AT LOWER LEFT; THE SECONDARY THICKENER ADDITION IS TO THE RIGHT WITH SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 OFF VIEW TO RIGHT.
29. VIEW OF MILL FROM WEST. SHOWS SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 TANK FLOOR FRAMING AND CENTRAL MECHANISM AT CENTER.
30. VIEW OF MILL FROM WEST. SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 JOISTS AND CENTRAL MECHANISM IN FOREGROUND.
31. VIEW FROM SOUTHWEST TO CORNER WHERE SAMPLING/CRUSHING ADDITIONS ABUT CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN. INTACT BARREN SOLUTION TANK VISIBLE IN FRONT OF CRUSHED ORE BIN.
32. DETAIL OF WALL SHOWN IN SD-2-31. BEHIND WALL FRAMING IS SAMPLING ROOM WITH WOOD SAMPLING ELEVATOR. CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN ON LEFT (SOUTH).
33. VIEW OF WEST WALL OF CRUSHING ADDITION FROM SOUTHWEST. STEPHENS-ADAMSON 25 TON/HR BUCKET ELEVATOR IN CENTER. TEAM SUPERVISOR ROBERT W. GRZYWACZ ON LOWER LEVEL (LOCATION OF STEARNS-ROGER DRYER).
34. VIEW FROM CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN WEST TO THICKENER ADDITIONS. SHAFT OF PRIMARY THICKENER No. 1 AT CENTER, WITH PRIMARY THICKENER No. 2 ABOVE AND TO THE LEFT. INTACT THICKENER SURGE TANK IS JUST ABOVE AND TO THE RIGHT (NORTH). ALL FRAMING ABOVE SECONDARY THICKENERS No. 2, No. 3, AND No. 7 HAS COLLAPSED.
35. VIEW OF SOUTH WALL OF THICKENER ADDITIONS. BARREN SOLUTION TANK IN FOREGROUND.
36. VIEW OF FRAMING BENT BETWEEN SECONDARY THICKENER No. 3 AND PRIMARY THICKENER No. 2 FROM WEST. NOTE MECHANISM ON PRIMARY No. 2 ON LEFT, BARREN SOLUTION FEED PIPE AT LOWER RIGHT.
37. VIEW NORTH FROM EAST CRUDE ORE BIN TO CRUSHER ADDITION AND CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN. VISIBLE ARE DINGS MAGNETIC PULLEY (CENTER), THE 100-TON STEEL CRUSHED UNOXIDIZED ORE BIN, AND UPPER PORTION OF THE STEPHENS-ADAMSON 25 TON/HR BUCKET ELEVATOR. THE UPPER TAILINGS POND LIES BEYOND THE MILL WITH THE UPPER TAILINGS DAM UNDER THE GRAVEL ROAD IN THE UPPER RIGHT CORNER.
38. VIEW OF CRUSHER ROOM FROM NORTH. THE CRUSHER IS MISSING, BUT THREE GRIZZLIES AND THE FEED GATE FROM THE SOUTH ORE BIN ARE STILL VISIBLE. PULLEY AT BOTTOM OF THE VIEW IS THE BEGINNING OF THE 24 INCH BELT CONVEYOR. NOTE SOUTH BIN DIAGONAL SHEATHING MATCHES THAT IN VIEW SD-2-3.
39. VIEW OF CRUSHER ROOM FROM NORTH. NOTE CRUDE ORE BIN FRAMING.
40. VIEW NORTH FROM EAST CRUDE ORE BIN TO CRUSHER ADDITION.
41. VIEW NORTH OF UPPER LEVEL OF CRUSHER ADDITION. DINGS MAGNETIC PULLEY AT CENTER. ALSO SHOWS 100-TON CRUSHED UNOXIDIZED ORE BIN (RIGHT), PULLEY FORM 18 INCH BELT CONVEYOR CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FEED AND STEPHENSADAMSON 25 TON/HR BUCKET ELEVATOR (UPPER CENTER). THE UPPER PORTION OF THE SAMPLING ELEVATOR IS ABOVE THE MAGNETIC PULLEY (CENTER LEFT) WITH THE ROUTE OF THE 16 INCH BELT CONVEYOR FINES FEED TO CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN TO ITS LEFT.
42. VIEW OF SYMONS 3 BY 6 FEET VIBRATING SCREEN FROM NORTHWEST. SCREEN IS BELOW AND FED BY DINGS MAGNETIC PULLEY - DRIVE GEAR VISIBLE.
43. INTERIOR VIEW, CRUSHING ADDITION. THE SYMONS VIBRATING SCREEN SITS ON TOP OF THE PLATFORM. OVERSIZE ORE IS FED BY CHUTE TO THE GYRATORY SECONDARY CRUSHER (MISSING) SITTING ON CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS TO LOWER RIGHT. UNDERSIZE ORE WAS FED BY THE LOWER CHUTE (CENTER LEFT) TO THE 24 INCH BELT CONVEYOR UNDER THE SECONDARY CRUSHER. THE DRYER ROOM IS BEYOND.
44. VIEW OF SOUTHWEST CORNER OF DRYER ROOM. DRYER FOUNDATION AT BOTTOM OF VIEW, WITH 18 INCH REVERSIBLE BELT CONVEYOR (UPPER LEFT), AND 16 INCH BELT CONVEYOR FINES FEED TO CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN (CENTER TO UPPER RIGHT). DRYER EXHAUST IS BELOW FINES FEED BELT.
45. VIEW OF UPPER LEVEL CRUSHER ADDITION FROM CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN. 18 INCH BELT CONVEYOR BIN FEED, LOWER CENTER, WITH STEPHENS-ADAMSON 25 TON/HR ELEVATOR SPLIT DISCHARGE (OXIDIZED/UNOXIDIZED) IN CENTER. CRUDE ORE BINS AND MACHINE SHOP BEYOND. NOTE TOP OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN IS BELOW TOP OF CRUDE ORE BINS.
46. VIEW OF SAMPLING ROOM FROM SOUTHEAST. TO LEFT, SAMPLING ELEVATOR AND IN CENTER, SAMPLE BINS WITH DISCHARGE CHUTE AND THREE LABELS.
47. VIEW OF FEED LEVEL, CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FROM EAST. THE 18 INCH BELT CONVEYOR FEED IS AT CENTER, WITH DRIVE GEAR. THE 16 INCH FINES FEED IS IN THE BACKGROUND AND 18 INCH BELT CONVEYOR DISCHARGE IS SLIGHTLY RIGHT OF CENTER.
48. VIEW OF INTERIOR OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN.
49. VIEW FROM WEST OF DUST COLLECTOR BLOWER LOCATED AT CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FEED LEVEL. THE ROASTER IS BEYOND AND THE MACHINE SHOP IS ON THE TRAM TERRACE, UPPER RIGHT.
50. VIEW OF CRUSHER ADDITION FROM EAST. SHOWS 100-TON STEEL UNOXIDIZED ORE BIN, STEPHENS-ADAMSON 15 TON/HR INCLINED BUCKET ELEVATOR, AND DUST COLLECTION BIN IN UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT. THE ROD MILL CIRCUIT STOOD IN FRONT OF THE BUCKET ELEVATOR AND BEHIND THE BAKER COOLER (LEFT CENTER). MILL SOLUTION TANKS WERE IN FRONT OF THE CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN (CENTER), AND THE MILL FLOOR WAS THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN (RIGHT).
51. VIEW OF CRUSHER ADDITION FROM EAST. SHOWS BAKER COOLER AT LOWER LEFT, AND FOUNDATIONS FOR ROD MILL BETWEEN COOLER AND STEPHENS-ADAMSON INCLINED BUCKET ELEVATOR. THE BELT CONVEYOR TO RIGHT OF ELEVATOR FED ELEVATOR FROM ROD MILL. 100-TON ORE BIN AND DUST COLLECTOR IS BEHIND FRAMING BENT. NOTE CONVEYOR EMERGING FROM BOTTOM OF ORE BIN, THIS AND THE INCLINED ELEVATOR FED THE SYMONS SCREEN (MISSING).
52. VIEW OF DUST COLLECTOR AND CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FROM EAST. THE DUCTWORK TO TOP OF COLLECTOR (OPEN END, MIDDLE LEFT) CONNECTED TO HOODS OVER SYMONS SCREEN, ROD MILL, AND BAKER COOLER DISCHARGE.
53. VIEW OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FROM EAST. SHOWS ACCESS STAIR TO FEED LEVEL; DUST COLLECTOR ON LEFT.
54. VIEW OF ROASTER ADDITION FROM SOUTHEAST. SHOWS ELEVATOR/ORE BIN ADDITION ON LEFT WITH BASE OF EXHAUST STACK, PORTION OF TOPPLED STACK ON LOWER RIGHT IN VIEW, AND UPPER TAILINGS POND BEYOND.
55. VIEW OF ROASTER ADDITION FROM NORTH. ELEVATOR/ORE BIN ADDITION TO RIGHT (WEST) WITH BAKER COOLER IN FRONT.
56. VIEW OF ROASTER ADDITION FROM NORTH. ELEVATOR/ORE BIN TOWER WAS FED BY THE 14 INCH BELT CONVEYOR SUPPORTED ON BENT, LOWER RIGHT. THE ROTATING BAKER COOLER IS SUPPORTED BY A CONCRETE FOUNDATION TROUGH.
57. ROASTER ADDITION INTERIOR FROM SOUTHWEST, VIEW OF RABBLE DRIVE SYSTEM.
58. ROASTER ADDITION INTERIOR FROM EAST, VIEW OF DISCHARGE CREW DRIVE WITH GAS PIPING FOR HEARTH FIRING.
59. ROASTER ADDITION INTERIOR, VIEW OF HEARTH DRIVE GEAR FROM NORTHEAST.
60. VIEW OF ROASTER ADDITION FROM WEST, LOCATION OF SYMONS 3 BY 8 FEET VIBRATING SCREEN. SHOWS BAKER COOLER WITH DUST COLLECTOR DUCT AND DISCHARGE CHUTE ON LEFT. THE 14 INCH BELT CONVEYOR WAS SUPPORTED ON TWO BENTS IN CENTER OF VIEW AS IT CONNECTED WITH THE BUCKET ELEVATOR/ORE BIN TOWER, WHICH IN TURN FED THE ROASTER (BEHIND). THE BASE OF THE ROASTER EXHAUST STACK IS AT THE UPPER RIGHT.
61. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF LAUNDER FROM BAKER COOLER TO MILLING. LAUNDER PIERCES THE SOUTH FOUNDATION WALL BETWEEN MILL SOLUTION TANKS No. 1 AND No. 2.
62. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION TANKS FLOOR FROM WEST. THE BOTTOM OF MILL SOLUTION TANK No. 1 IS IN THE LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT UNDER A PILE OF SOLUTION SEDIMENT. JOISTS OF TANK No. 2 ARE ABOVE AND SLIGHTLY LEFT OF No. 1. THE BOTTOM OF THE MILL SOLUTION SURGE TANK WITH ATTACHED DISCHARGE PIPE IS VISIBLE ON LOWER RIGHT HAND EDGE OF VIEW; TANKS ORIGINALLY SAT ON DIAGONAL BEAM CUTTING ACROSS UPPER LEFT CORNER OF VIEW. DISCHARGE LAUNDER FROM THE UNOXIDIZED ORE CIRCUIT PIERCES THE FOUNDATION WALL ABOVE TANK No. 1 (FOR DETAIL SEE SD-2-61).
63. DETAIL OF TRAVELING CRANE TRUSS FROM NORTHEAST. TRUSS IS IN FRONT OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN. THE BARREN SOLUTION TANK IS JUST VISIBLE IN RIGHT BACKGROUND.
64. NORTH WALL OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN. THE PRIMARY MILL FEEDS AT BOTTOM. MILL SOLUTION TANKS WERE TO THE LEFT (EAST) AND BARREN SOLUTION TANK TO THE RIGHT (WEST) OR THE CRUSHED ORE BIN.
65. DETAIL OF CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FRAMING, ADJACENT TO PRIMARY MILL No. 2 CRUSHED ORE FEED.
66. VIEW OF PRIMARY MILL No. 2 CRUSHED ORE FEED AND 18 INCH BELT CONVEYOR FROM EAST.
67. PRIMARY CLASSIFIER No. 1 FROM EAST. PRIMARY MILL No. 2 IN BACKGROUND.
68. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW.
69. VIEW FROM ABOVE OF PRIMARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER No. 2. PRIMARY CLASSIFIER No. 1 AT RIGHT EDGE OF VIEW.
70. PRIMARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER No. 2 FROM NORTHWEST. MILL DISCHARGED INTO LAUNDER WHICH PIERCED THE SIDE OF THE CLASSIFIER PAN. WOOD LAUNDER WITHIN CLASSIFIER VISIBLE (FILLED WITH DEBRIS). HORIZONTAL WOOD PLANKING BEHIND MILL IS FEED BOX. MILL SOLUTION PIPING RUNS ALONG BASE OF WEST SIDE OF CLASSIFIER.
71. VIEW OF MILL FLOOR FROM WEST. SECONDARY MILL IN LOWER CENTER; BARREN SOLUTION TANK AT MIDDLE RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES AT TOP OF VIEW RUN FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS ON LEFT TO PRIMARY THICKENERS ON RIGHT.
72. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER FROM NORTHWEST. WOOD FEED BOX BEHIND MILL, BARREN SOLUTION TANK BEHIND TRAVELING CRANE TRUSS AND ABOVE MILL.
73. VIEW OF SECONDARY MILL AND MILL FLOOR FROM WEST.
74. VIEW OF SECONDARY MILL FROM WEST. NOTE FOUNDATIONS AND PINION/ROPE PULLEY DRIVE.
75. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER FROM NORTHEAST. NOTE STONE/CONCRETE RETAINING WALL TRANSITION AT RIGHT, BARREN SOLUTION PIPE FROM BARREN SOLUTION TANK, TOP CENTER, AND JOISTS FOR PRIMARY THICKENER No. 1, UPPER RIGHT.
76. DETAIL OF BOWL, DRIVE AND FEED LAUNDER IN SECONDARY MILL FROM SOUTHEAST.
77. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF SECONDARY CLASSIFIER, UNDERSIDE OF BOWL WITH DISCHARGE PIPE. ALSO NOTE WOOD LAUNDER AND DISCHARGE PIPE CUTTING ACROSS TOP OF VIEW.
78. BARREN SOLUTION TANK, VIEW FROM NORTH. CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN ON LEFT.
79. LOCATION OF TWIN PRIMARY PULP PUMPS. PUMPS WERE LOCATED AT BASE OF PAIRED PIPE WHICH FED PRIMARY THICKENERS. BOWL OF SECONDARY CLASSIFIER ON LEFT. NOTE MULTIPLE PULP ROUTING POSSIBILITIES CREATED BY LAUNDERS.
80. VIEW FROM NORTHWEST OF SUPPORT FRAMING, PRIMARY THICKENER No. 2. THICKENER DISCHARGE PIPE JUST VISIBLE EXITING AT RIGHT BORDER, 1/4 INCH UP FROM BOTTOM.
81. SECONDARY THICKENER No. 3 FROM SOUTH. ONLY TANK JOISTS AND MECHANISM REMAINING. NOTE FEED PIPE ENTERING VIEW, MIDDLE LEFT, AND DISCHARGING INSIDE FEEDWELL. LAUNDER SUSPENDED AT ANGLE IN BACKGROUND WAS PRIMARY THICKENER FEED FROM AGITATORS.
82. VIEW OF AGITATORS FROM EAST. DRIVE AND STRUCTURAL SUPPORT OF AGITATOR No. 1 IN FOREGROUND. HORIZONTAL AIR LINE PARALLELS AGITATORS IN RIGHT HALF OF VIEW.
83. AGITATORS No. 2, No. 3, AND No. 4 FROM EAST. AIR SUPPLY RUNS THROUGH BENT BRACES ON RIGHT. NOTE AGITATOR RAKE LEANING AGAINST RETAINING WALL BETWEEN AGITATOR No. 2 AND No. 3.
84. AGITATORS No. 3, No. 4 AND No. 5 FROM SOUTHEAST. OLD PORTLAND FILTER FLOOR IS SEEN THROUGH FRAMING, LOWER RIGHT.
85. AGITATOR No. 3 AND No. 4 FROM SOUTHEAST. OLD PORTLAND FILTER FLOOR BEYOND.
86. AGITATOR No. 3, VIEW FROM NORTH. PIPE ABOVE AGITATOR IS UNDERFLOW FROM SECONDARY THICKENER No. 6.
87. VIEW OF SECONDARY THICKENER No. 6 FROM SOUTHEAST. NOTE PUMP PLATFORM FOR SECONDARY THICKENER No. 5; AGITATOR FLOOR BELOW ON RIGHT.
88. VIEW OF AIR COMPRESSOR ROOM FROM NORTHWEST (ON SUMP LEVEL). COMPRESSOR No. 1 IN FOREGROUND; No. 2 TO REAR.
89. AIR COMPRESSOR No. 2 FROM NORTHWEST.
90. PORTLAND FILTER FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. CYANIDE FEED TOWER TO SUMP, LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT. DIAGONAL PIPE IN UPPER RIGHT IS AIR LINE TO AGITATORS. LAUNDER PARALLEL TO LEFT EDGE (FILLED WITH DEBRIS) RUNS FROM PRIMARY THICKENER No. 2 TO GOLD TANK No. 2.
91. VIEW OF PORTLAND FILTER VACUUM RECEIVER FROM NORTHWEST. AGITATORS No. 4 AND No. 5 VISIBLE IN BACKGROUND.
92. VIEW OF PRECIPITATION AREA FROM SOUTHWEST. VACUUM CLARIFIER TANK No. 1 AT LOWER LEFT, UNDER LAUNDER FEED TO GOLD TANK No. 2, AND VACUUM CLARIFIER TANK No. 2, AT MIDRIGHT. VACUUM RECEIVER TANK ON UPPER LEFT. PIPE TO TOP CENTER OF TANK TAKES OUTFLOW FROM CLARIFIER LEAVES.
93. VIEW OF VACUUM CLARIFIER TANK No. 2 FROM WEST.
94. VACUUM CLARIFIER TANK No. 1 FROM NORTHWEST. NOTE FILTER LEAVES.
95. VIEW OF ZINC FEEDER FROM SOUTHEAST. NOTE FEEDER CONE AND PIPING FROM VACUUM RECEIVER ON LEFT. PRECIPITATE PUMP MOTOR MOUNT VISIBLE BELOW FEEDER STAIRS, PUMP AND MOTOR MISSING. SUMPS ARE LOCATED UNDER THIS FLOOR, WITH ACCESS TO HATCH TO THE RIGHT OF FEEDER STAIR.
96. MILL SOLUTION PUMP No. 1 FROM EAST. VERTICAL PIPE ON LEFT IS RETURN LINE TO MILL SOLUTION TANKS.
97. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION PUMP No. 2 FROM SOUTHEAST. SUMPS ARE UNDER FLOOR, BEYOND. STAIR LEADS TO AGITATOR/GOLD TANK ACCESS PLATFORM.
98. VIEW OF PUMPS FROM NORTH. MILL SOLUTION PUMP No. 2 IN FOREGROUND, ABANDONED BARREN SOLUTION PUMP BEYOND. AGITATOR No. 1 IN BACKGROUND.
99. REFINERY FOUNDATIONS FROM NORTHWEST. DRYING OVEN REMAINS ARE OF FIREBRICK.
100. VIEW OF PILOT MILL FROM WEST. CUPOLA IS OVER ROASTER.
101. VIEW OF CORNER OF PILOT MILL FROM NORTHWEST. ROASTER AND ROASTER DRIVE SHAFT UNDER CUPOLA. TANK VISIBLE ON LEVEL ABOVE. THE TOP LEVEL WAS FOR MILLING.
102. VIEW OF PILOT MILL INTERIOR, MILLING LEVEL FROM WEST. BALL MILL FOUNDATION IN FOREGROUND, SLOPED CLASSIFIER BED AND CALCINE BIN ADJACENT, WITH CRUSHER IN BACKGROUND.
103. PILOT MILL CRUSHER FROM NORTHEAST.
104. INTERIOR OF PILOT MILL FROM WEST, SECOND LEVEL. EQUIPMENT FRAME IN MIDDLE GROUND.
105. INTERIOR OF PILOT MILL, DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT FRAME FROM SOUTHWEST.
106. INTERIOR OF PILOT MILL, PARTIAL VIEW OF THIRD LEVEL FROM SOUTH. DRIVE SHAFT AND EQUIPMENT VISIBLE.
107. RABBLE DRIVE IN PILOT MILL ROASTER. VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST.
108. VIEW OF PILOT MILL ROASTER FROM SOUTHWEST.
109. VIEW OF WAREHOUSE FROM SOUTHEAST. GABLED PORCH ROOF SHELTERS LIGHT TRAVELING CRANE FOR UNLOADING TRAM CARS. THE TRAM LINE PARALLELED THE PORCH AND RAN TO THE RIGHT OF THE ROAD.
110. MILL APPROACH FROM EAST. THE TRAM LINE RANT TO THE RIGHT (NORTH) OF THE ROAD AND REACHED THE CRUDE ORE BINS AROUND THE FAR BEND. BUILDINGS FROM FRONT TO BACK ARE, ON RIGHT, OIL WAREHOUSE AND GASOLINE SHED, AND ON LEFT, GARAGE, CARPENTER'S SHOP, OIL SHED, AND MACHINE SHOP.
111. VIEW OF MACHINE SHOP FROM EAST.
112. VIEW OF MACHINE SHOP FROM NORTHEAST.
113. VIEW OF MACHINE SHOP FROM WEST. AREA IN FOREGROUND WAS ONCE ENCLOSED AS PART OF THE SHOP. THE TRAM LINE AND SNOWSHED RAN TO THE RIGHT (SOUTH) TO EAGLE MINE PORTAL.
114. MACHINE SHOP INTERIOR FROM WEST. POWER HAMMER IN CENTER OF VIEW, FORGES TO RIGHT.
115. MACHINE SHOP FORGE AREA FROM NORTHWEST. POWER HAMMER IN FOREGROUND ON LEFT.
116. MACHINE SHOP FORGE DETAIL FROM NORTHWEST.
117. MACHINE SHOP OVEN DETAIL FROM NORTHWEST.
118. WEST FACADE OF MACHINE SHOP AND EAGLE MINE PORTAL.
119. EAGLE MINE INTERIOR. TEAM SUPERVISOR ROBERT W. GRZYWACZ APPEARS TWICE.
120. VIEW OF BOILER HOUSE FROM SOUTHWEST.
121. VIEW OF BOILER HOUSE FROM SOUTH, SHOWING TRAM COAL DELIVERY ENTRY.
122. INTERIOR OF BOILER HOUSE, BOILER FROM SOUTHEAST.
123. VIEW OF BOILER FROM NORTHEAST. DOCUMENTATION PHOTOGRAPHS - MINE HEADS AND TRAMWAYS
124. PORTLAND SCHOOLHOUSE FROM SOUTHEAST. LOCATED NORTHEAST OF PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE.
125. FORMER PORTLAND TOWN BUILDINGS MOVED TO HILL NORTH OF PORTLAND IN THE 1980s.
126. PORTLAND HOIST FROM SOUTHWEST. WYE TO HOISTHOUSE IN ON THE RIGHT, COMPRESSOR WING ON THE LEFT. PORTLAND MINE PORTAL ON LOWER LEFT.
127. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE FROM SOUTH. SCHOOLHOUSE ABOVE AND TO RIGHT, POWERHOUSE AND TRAM SNOWSHED TO LEFT.
128. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE AND TRAM SNOWSHED FROM SOUTHEAST.
129. INTERIOR, PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE. VIEW DOWN TRAM SNOWSHED IN DIRECTION OF MILL.
130. INTERIOR, PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE. VIEW DOWN SIDE TRAM SPUR IN SNOWSHED FROM SOUTHEAST.
131. INTERIOR, PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE. VIEW OF TRAM WEDGE SNOWPLOW IN SNOWSHED SPUR, FROM SOUTHEAST.
132. INTERIOR, PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE. TRAM SPUR WITH CABLE SIDE ROLLER, FROM SOUTHEAST.
133. INTERIOR, PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE. COMPRESSOR WING INTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST.
134. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, VIEW OF COMPRESSOR WING INTERIOR FROM SOUTH SHOWING COMPRESSOR AND TANK.
135. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, COMPRESSOR WING INTERIOR WITH MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS ALONG NORTHWEST WALL FROM SOUTHWEST.
136. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, COMPRESSOR WING INTERIOR WITH MACHINERY FOUNDATION ALONG NORTHEAST WALL FROM NORTHWEST.
137. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, COMPRESSOR WING INTERIOR AT PARTS BINS.
138. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, TRAM SNOWSHED OUTSIDE OF COMPRESSOR WIND LOOKING TOWARD MINE PORTAL.
139. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, TRAM SNOWSHED BEYOND COMPRESSOR WING LOOKING TOWARD MINE PORTAL.
140. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, TRAM SNOWSHED OUTSIDE PORTAL WITH TWIN SIDE CABLE ROLLER.
141. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, HOIST CABLE PULLEY AT NORTH SIDE OF SOUTH WYE LEG.
142. PORTAL OF PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE.
143. WINCH ALONG TRAMLINE NORTH OF DECORAH MINE, VIEW FROM SOUTH.
144. MACHINERY FOUNDATION NORTH OF ORE BIN TRAM SPUR NORTH OF DECORAH MINE, VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST.
145. ORE BIN ON TRAM SPUR NORTH OF DECORAH MINE, VIEW FROM SOUTH.
146. VIEW OF DECORAH MINE PORTAL FROM SOUTHEAST.
147. DETAIL OF DECORAH MINE PORTAL. NOTE "PORTLAND" CAST IN CONCRETE ABOVE WOOD LINTEL.
148. INTERIOR, DECORAH MINE.
149. VIEW FROM SOUTH OF SWITCH NORTH OF CLINTON MINE. SWITCH LEADS FROM PORTLAND MINE AND DIVERGES FOR PASSING TRACK ON WAY TO MILL.
150. MACHINERY FOUNDATION NORTH OF CLINTON MINE ON TRAMLINE TO DECORAH MINE, VIEW FROM SOUTH.
151. PILE OF SWITCHES EAST OF TRAMLINE, NORTH OF CLINTON MINE.
152. ORE CARS ON TRAMLINE NORTH OF CLINTON MINE, VIEW FROM NORTH. SWITCH DIVERGES FOR PASSING TRACK LEADING TO PORTLAND MINE; CLINTON/EMPIRE/DECORAH LINE IN FOREGROUND.
153. UPSIDE-DOWN SWITCH ALONG TRAMLINE NORTH OF BRANCH TO AJAX/ALASKA LINE, VIEW FROM NORTH.
154. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF DISCHARGE SIDE OF ORE BIN, MIDWAY BETWEEN AJAX/ALASKA LINE AND MILL.
155. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF LOADING SIDE OF ORE BIN, MIDWAY BETWEEN AJAX/ALASKA LINE AND MILL.
156. TRAMLINE TO TWO JOHNS MINE, MIDWAY BETWEEN MILL AND HOISTHOUSE.
157. VIEW OF TWO JOHNS HOISTHOUSE FROM WEST. WEST SNOWSHED COLLAPSED, LOWER LEFT CORNER OF VIEW.
158. VIEW OF TWO JOHNS HOISTHOUSE FROM SOUTHWEST. HOIST DRIVE GEAR VISIBLE IN HOIST WING.
159. TWO JOHNS HOISTHOUSE, DETAIL OF SOUTHWEST CORNER.
160. DETAIL OF HOIST WINCH FROM EAST.
161. DETAIL OF HOIST WINCH FROM SOUTH.
162. VIEW FROM NORTH OF TRAM EAST OF TWO JOHNS MINE. LINE COMES FROM HOISTHOUSE (UPPER LEFT) AND LEADS TOWARD MINE (LOWER RIGHT). BRANCH TO RIGHT LEADS TO ROCK DUMP.
163. VIEW OF TWO JOHNS MINE PORTAL FROM EAST. NOTE WATER LINE ON BRIDGE; DEWATERING MINE SUPPLIED A PORTION OF THE MILL'S WATER SUPPLY.
164. HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SUMMER RECORDING TEAM, 1992. LEFT TO RIGHT: JOE ELLIOTT, PHOTOGRAPHER; VIRGINIA BRUMBACK, ARCHITECT; DAVE EVE, HISTORIAN (ICOMOS, IRONBRIDGE INSTITUTE, ENGLAND); BOB ARZYWACZ, PROJECT SUPERVISOR; LEE ANN JACKSON, ARCHITECT; AND ALBERT AFLENZER, ICOMOS ARCHITECT (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, VIENNA, AUSTRIA).
165. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ON LEFT WITH ELEVATOR/CRUSHED ORE BIN TOWER TO RIGHT. MAIN MILL BUILDING IN CENTER WITH THICKENER ADDITION TO RIGHT. MACHINE SHOP ON CRUDE ORE BIN TERRACE ABOVE ROASTER. THE LOCATION OF THE 100,000 GALLON MILL WATER TANK CAN BE SEEN AT THE CENTER RIGHT NEAR THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN.
166. VIEW OF MILL FROM WEST. SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 JOISTS AND CENTRAL MECHANISM IN FOREGROUND.
167. VIEW OF DUST COLLECTOR AND CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN FROM EAST. THE DUCTWORK TO TOP OF COLLECTOR (OPEN END, MIDDLE LEFT) CONNECTED TO HOODS OVER SYMONS SCREEN, ROD MILL, AND BAKER COOLER DISCHARGE.
168. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW.
169. PORTLAND FILTER FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. CYANIDE FEED TOWER TO SUMP, LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT. DIAGONAL PIPE IN UPPER RIGHT IS AIR LINE TO AGITATORS. LAUNDER PARALLEL TO LEFT EDGE (FILLED WITH DEBRIS) RUNS FROM PRIMARY THICKENER No. 2 TO GOLD TANK No. 2.
170. PORTLAND HOISTHOUSE, TRAM SNOWSHED OUTSIDE PORTAL WITH TWIN SIDE CABLE ROLLER.
| en |
converted_docs | 170130 | FEDLINE EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
The FedLine "Examination Procedures" are used to determine the adequacy
and effectiveness of the logical, physical, administrative, and
procedural controls, as well as business continuity planning, over the
institution's implementation of FedLine and use of the FT application.
The procedures evaluate the effectiveness of the financial institution's
FedLine funds transfer internal controls environment and the related
risk management processes.
The analysis for determining the examination procedures and testing to
be performed should be based on the examiner's assessment of the risks
and risk management practices relating to the financial institution's
use of the FedLine FT to support its funds transfer activity, including
transaction volume, and individual transaction dollar amounts. This
assessment should include consideration of formal policies and
procedures established to provide funds transfer services, as well as an
assessment of the effectiveness of the financial institution's
underlying internal control environment including information security
and business continuity.
A financial institution is exposed to significant operational
(transaction), credit, and liquidity risks when processing funds
transfers on behalf of its internal activities and in providing this
service to its customers. Depending on the complexity of the funds
transfer activity, the financial risks, operational (transactional)
risks, and compliance risks may require an integrated team approach that
includes the knowledge and skills of safety and soundness examiners, IT
examiners, and compliance specialists. Refer to the IT Handbook's
"Information Security Booklet" and "Business Continuity Planning
Booklet" for additional information regarding examination procedures
that focus more specifically on security and business continuity
planning.
Examiners can incorporate the procedures in either an IT or safety and
soundness examination targeting the FedLine application in the scope.
The procedures need not be used in their entirety and all of the work
steps need not be performed. However, the examiner should perform
sufficient procedures to arrive at a conclusion regarding the quality of
risk management practices governing the funds transfer function.
TIER I OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDURES
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| | **W | **Comment** |
| | ork | |
| | Pa | |
| | per | |
| | Re | |
| | fer | |
| | enc | |
| | e** | |
+===========================+=====+===================================+
| Objective 1: Determine | | |
| the scope and objectives | | |
| of the examination of the | | |
| FedLine FT application. | | |
| Examiners need not | | |
| perform every examination | | |
| procedure or include | | |
| every objective in | | |
| developing the | | |
| examination strategy. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Review past documents | | |
| for comments relating to | | |
| the FedLine FT | | |
| application. Consider: | | |
| | | |
| - Regulatory reports of | | |
| examination. | | |
| | | |
| - Internal and external | | |
| audit reports. | | |
| | | |
| - Supervisory strategy | | |
| documents, including | | |
| risk assessments. | | |
| | | |
| - Examination work | | |
| papers. | | |
| | | |
| - Correspondence. | | |
| | | |
| > While reviewing this | | |
| > documentation, consider | | |
| > the implication of the | | |
| > findings for the | | |
| > institution's internal | | |
| > control environment as | | |
| > it relates to FedLine | | |
| > FT. More specifically, | | |
| > assess: | | |
| | | |
| - Internal controls | | |
| including logical | | |
| access, data center, | | |
| and physical security | | |
| controls. | | |
| | | |
| - Compliance with | | |
| Federal Reserve | | |
| System Operating | | |
| Circulars, Nos. 5 and | | |
| 6. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Obtain an inventory | | |
| of any computer hardware, | | |
| software, and | | |
| telecommunications | | |
| protocols used to support | | |
| the wire room or funds | | |
| transfer operation in | | |
| addition to the FedLine | | |
| PC. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Identify during | | |
| discussions with | | |
| financial institution | | |
| management: | | |
| | | |
| - A thorough | | |
| description of the | | |
| funds transfer | | |
| activity performed | | |
| in-house, including | | |
| activity volumes by | | |
| dollar and number of | | |
| transactions and the | | |
| scope and complexity | | |
| of operations | | |
| | | |
| - A thorough | | |
| description of any | | |
| outsourced funds | | |
| transfer-related | | |
| services, including | | |
| the use of | | |
| third-party software | | |
| products that | | |
| generate funds | | |
| transfer messages in | | |
| addition to FedLine. | | |
| Determine the | | |
| financial | | |
| institution's level | | |
| of reliance on these | | |
| services. | | |
| | | |
| - Any significant | | |
| changes in the funds | | |
| transfer operation | | |
| since the last | | |
| examination, | | |
| particularly the | | |
| introduction of any | | |
| new funds transfer | | |
| services. | | |
| | | |
| - A description of all | | |
| reports and logs used | | |
| by management to | | |
| verify appropriate | | |
| staff access to the | | |
| FT application. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Review the financial | | |
| institution's response to | | |
| any funds transfer issues | | |
| raised at the last | | |
| examination. Consider: | | |
| | | |
| - Adequacy and timing | | |
| of corrective action. | | |
| | | |
| - Resolution of root | | |
| causes rather than | | |
| specific issues. | | |
| | | |
| - Existence of | | |
| outstanding issues. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 2: Obtain | | |
| information needed for | | |
| the examination using | | |
| FedLine reports and | | |
| screen prints. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Obtain the financial | | |
| institution's FedLine | | |
| user documentation, | | |
| including the FedLine | | |
| "Users Guide" and "Local | | |
| Security Administrator | | |
| Guide," for more detailed | | |
| information on security | | |
| settings and controls. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Obtain the financial | | |
| institution's FedLine PC | | |
| printer log (Printer | | |
| Recap Report) for a | | |
| one-week time period in | | |
| advance of the on-site | | |
| examination. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Obtain a screen print | | |
| of the "Miscellaneous | | |
| Security Settings" screen | | |
| (option #99, LA | | |
| "Entry/Update" access | | |
| level). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Obtain a "User-ID | | |
| Status Report" (option | | |
| #60, LA "Inquiry" access | | |
| level, type ALL to get | | |
| all users). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 5\. Obtain a "User/Access | | |
| Report" (option #65, LA | | |
| "Inquiry" access level, | | |
| press ENTER key for all | | |
| users). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 6\. Obtain a screen print | | |
| of the "Update Funds | | |
| Application Attributes -- | | |
| Funds Transfers" screen | | |
| (option #96, FT | | |
| "Managerial" access | | |
| level). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 7\. Obtain a screen print | | |
| of the "Update Verify | | |
| Fields -- Funds | | |
| Transfers" screen (option | | |
| #93, FT "Managerial" | | |
| access level). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 8\. Obtain a screen print | | |
| of the "Browse Patch | | |
| Status" screen (option | | |
| #80, "HD Non-Restricted" | | |
| access level). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 9\. Obtain the active | | |
| staff "Host User Code" | | |
| list from the LSA (the | | |
| LSA should certify the | | |
| accuracy of the list). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 3: Determine | | |
| the level of physical | | |
| security surrounding the | | |
| financial institutions' | | |
| wire room, or work area | | |
| designated for the | | |
| operation of the FedLine | | |
| PC. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Verify whether there | | |
| is a designated work area | | |
| supporting the prevention | | |
| of unauthorized staff and | | |
| customer access, | | |
| including the use of a | | |
| locked room, locked | | |
| cabinet or PC enclosure, | | |
| or similar measure | | |
| restricting access to | | |
| authorized staff only. | | |
| Note: Financial | | |
| institutions may also | | |
| consider placing the PC | | |
| in an open staff area | | |
| during normal business | | |
| hours if it can be | | |
| demonstrated that | | |
| appropriate mitigating | | |
| controls exist. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Verify whether the | | |
| FedLine software and | | |
| other critical | | |
| information necessary to | | |
| maintain funds transfer | | |
| operations in the event | | |
| of an equipment failure, | | |
| outage, or declared | | |
| disaster is appropriately | | |
| controlled, including | | |
| securing the following | | |
| material, under lock and | | |
| key restricting access to | | |
| authorized staff only on | | |
| a need-to-know basis: | | |
| | | |
| - Configuration | | |
| Diskette -- Used in | | |
| conjunction with the | | |
| local Federal Reserve | | |
| Bank office. | | |
| | | |
| - Encryption Material | | |
| -- Refers to | | |
| information | | |
| pertaining to the | | |
| encryption | | |
| implementation and | | |
| Federal Reserve Bank | | |
| supplied encryption | | |
| keys. FedLine | | |
| encryption keys are | | |
| unique to each | | |
| FedLine PC. | | |
| | | |
| - PC Power-On Password | | |
| -- Requires the use | | |
| of a password before | | |
| the FedLine PC will | | |
| activate. | | |
| | | |
| - Master Local User ID | | |
| (Master ID) and | | |
| Password -- The | | |
| master ID and | | |
| password shipped with | | |
| FedLine. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 4: Evaluate the | | |
| control environment and | | |
| security settings for the | | |
| FedLine PC and the FT | | |
| application. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Verify that the | | |
| miscellaneous security | | |
| settings are set | | |
| correctly (refer to | | |
| Objective 2.3), | | |
| including: | | |
| | | |
| - User ID suspended | | |
| after "3" or less | | |
| tries. | | |
| | | |
| - User must change | | |
| password every "30" | | |
| days or less. | | |
| | | |
| - Verification rule set | | |
| to "E" or "U." | | |
| | | |
| - Override and release | | |
| rule set to "E" or | | |
| "U." | | |
| | | |
| - Timeout interval set | | |
| to "10" minutes or | | |
| less. | | |
| | | |
| - Suppress the Check | | |
| for Possible Keyboard | | |
| Eavesdropping set to | | |
| "N." | | |
| | | |
| - "Cycle/Date | | |
| Rollover's Print | | |
| Delete Option" set to | | |
| "Full." | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Review the User ID | | |
| Status Report and Host | | |
| User Code list (refer to | | |
| Objectives 2.4 and 2.9), | | |
| and: | | |
| | | |
| - Verify staff not | | |
| assigned more than | | |
| one user ID per | | |
| individual. | | |
| | | |
| - Verify the accuracy | | |
| of the status report | | |
| when compared to | | |
| staff currently | | |
| assigned access to | | |
| the FT application. | | |
| | | |
| - Verify staff assigned | | |
| host user codes | | |
| require host access, | | |
| and confirm access to | | |
| the HC application is | | |
| appropriate. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Review the | | |
| User/Access Report (refer | | |
| to Objective 2.5), and: | | |
| | | |
| - Verify staff members | | |
| assigned LA | | |
| application access | | |
| are not assigned FT | | |
| application access. | | |
| | | |
| - Determine, when more | | |
| than two staff | | |
| members are assigned | | |
| to the LSA role, if | | |
| the institution has | | |
| the appropriate | | |
| documentation | | |
| justifying this | | |
| approach. | | |
| | | |
| - Determine if any | | |
| funds transfer | | |
| operations staff is | | |
| not assigned FT | | |
| application | | |
| Supervisor or | | |
| Managerial access. | | |
| | | |
| - Determine if there is | | |
| adequate separation | | |
| of duties for funds | | |
| transfer operations | | |
| staff members | | |
| assigned FT | | |
| application access. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Review the "Update | | |
| Funds Application | | |
| Attributes -- Funds | | |
| Transfer" screen (refer | | |
| to Objective 2.6): | | |
| | | |
| - Verify "Accountable | | |
| Threshold" set to | | |
| 0.00 (if greater than | | |
| 0.00, verify this | | |
| amount has been | | |
| approved by the board | | |
| of directors and | | |
| noted in the board | | |
| minutes). | | |
| | | |
| - Verify "OK to | | |
| Duplicate a Reference | | |
| Field" is set to "N" | | |
| (if set to "Y," | | |
| review the financial | | |
| institution's | | |
| procedure for | | |
| avoiding entering | | |
| duplicate reference | | |
| number information). | | |
| | | |
| - Verify "Automatically | | |
| Hold All Accountable | | |
| Messages From | | |
| Transmission" is set | | |
| to "N" (if set to | | |
| "Y," evaluate the | | |
| financial | | |
| institution's ability | | |
| to process funds | | |
| transfer messages in | | |
| a timely manner). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 5\. Review the "Update | | |
| Verify Fields - Funds | | |
| Transfer" screen (refer | | |
| to Objective 2.7): | | |
| | | |
| - Verify that an "X" is | | |
| entered for the | | |
| dollar amount field. | | |
| | | |
| - Determine through | | |
| discussion or review | | |
| of written policies | | |
| whether the financial | | |
| institution requires | | |
| other fields to be | | |
| verified by reviewing | | |
| for an "X" is entered | | |
| for these fields. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| > 6\. Verify that the | | |
| > "Master User ID" | | |
| > password has been | | |
| > changed from the | | |
| > original password, | | |
| > re-established under | | |
| > dual-control, and | | |
| > stored in a sealed | | |
| > envelope in a secure | | |
| > location in case the | | |
| > LSA or back up is not | | |
| > available. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 7\. Verify that the | | |
| FedLine configuration | | |
| diskette is stored in a | | |
| secure location and | | |
| available only to the | | |
| LSA. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 8\. Verify "Encryption | | |
| Material" is stored in a | | |
| secure location, and is | | |
| accessible to only the | | |
| LSA and LSA back-up | | |
| designee. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 9\. Determine whether the | | |
| FedLine PC has a power-on | | |
| password option. If it | | |
| does, verify that it is | | |
| activated and is not | | |
| given to staff assigned | | |
| the LA access level | | |
| without a legitimate need | | |
| to know. If it does not, | | |
| evaluate the | | |
| institution's ability to | | |
| control staff members | | |
| assigned the LA access | | |
| level access to the | | |
| FedLine PC, including | | |
| monitoring the FedLine PC | | |
| during business hours, | | |
| and physically securing | | |
| the FedLine PC after | | |
| business hours. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 10\. Review the help desk | | |
| (HD) application's | | |
| "Browse Patch Status", | | |
| refer to Objective 2.8, | | |
| and determine whether the | | |
| FedLine PC is maintained | | |
| at current release levels | | |
| and that all Federal | | |
| Reserve supplied patches | | |
| and authorized program | | |
| changes are applied as | | |
| required. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 5: Evaluate | | |
| financial institution | | |
| procedural controls for | | |
| both the processing of | | |
| funds transfer messages | | |
| within the wire room or | | |
| funds transfer operation | | |
| and related standards for | | |
| the movement of funds | | |
| into and out of specific | | |
| customer and institution | | |
| accounts. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Evaluate the | | |
| policies, procedures, and | | |
| supporting documentation | | |
| describing interfaces | | |
| between the FedLine FT | | |
| application and other | | |
| internal banking | | |
| processes, including: | | |
| | | |
| - Adequacy of | | |
| procedures for | | |
| generating and | | |
| storing source | | |
| documents used to | | |
| process funds | | |
| transfers, including | | |
| the appropriate | | |
| documentation, | | |
| reference/ control | | |
| numbers, and | | |
| authorizations. | | |
| | | |
| - Adequacy of | | |
| procedures for | | |
| reconciling completed | | |
| funds transfer | | |
| transactions with | | |
| customer and | | |
| institution accounts. | | |
| | | |
| - Compliance with | | |
| regulatory | | |
| requirements, | | |
| including OFAC | | |
| verification | | |
| procedures. | | |
| | | |
| - Adequacy of | | |
| procedures for using | | |
| third-party funds | | |
| transfer software | | |
| products, if | | |
| applicable, in | | |
| conjunction with | | |
| FedLine, including | | |
| source document | | |
| preparation, | | |
| authorization, | | |
| reconcilement, and | | |
| record retention. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Evaluate the | | |
| financial institution's | | |
| information security | | |
| program, including: | | |
| | | |
| - Documented separation | | |
| of duties principles, | | |
| particularly for | | |
| high-risk areas. | | |
| | | |
| - Defined physical | | |
| security and logical | | |
| access control | | |
| standards, including | | |
| specific controls for | | |
| high-risk business | | |
| activities such as | | |
| funds transfer. | | |
| | | |
| - Defined risk | | |
| assessment | | |
| methodology, | | |
| including assessing | | |
| high-risk activities | | |
| such as funds | | |
| transfer and other | | |
| payment-related | | |
| functions. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Evaluate whether the | | |
| financial institution's | | |
| internal and external | | |
| auditors: | | |
| | | |
| - Periodically perform | | |
| independent | | |
| assessments of the | | |
| wire room or funds | | |
| transfer operation, | | |
| including evaluating | | |
| internal policies and | | |
| procedures | | |
| | | |
| - Verify the | | |
| effectiveness of the | | |
| wire room or funds | | |
| transfer operation | | |
| control environment | | |
| and business | | |
| continuity | | |
| preparedness. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Evaluate whether the | | |
| financial institution's | | |
| policies and procedures | | |
| for the FedLine printer | | |
| log (Printer Recap | | |
| Report) include: | | |
| | | |
| - Adequate procedures | | |
| to ensure the | | |
| integrity of the | | |
| printer log, | | |
| including appropriate | | |
| approvals for any | | |
| breaks in the log | | |
| printer paper. | | |
| | | |
| - Adequate procedures | | |
| for an independent | | |
| periodic management | | |
| review (not by the | | |
| LSA or back-up) of | | |
| the printer log, | | |
| including the | | |
| cycle/date rollover | | |
| and any changes to | | |
| assigned access | | |
| levels, security | | |
| settings, and the | | |
| addition or deletion | | |
| of FedLine users. | | |
| | | |
| - A five (5) year | | |
| printer log retention | | |
| policy. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 6: Evaluate the | | |
| effectiveness of the | | |
| institution's business | | |
| continuity planning and | | |
| disaster recovery | | |
| capability relating to | | |
| funds transfer | | |
| operations. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. Evaluate the | | |
| institution's ability to | | |
| send and receive funds | | |
| transfers in the event of | | |
| an equipment failure. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Evaluate the | | |
| institution's methodology | | |
| for sending and receiving | | |
| transfers if required to | | |
| operate from a different | | |
| location, including | | |
| availability of back-up | | |
| FedLine PCs. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Evaluate the | | |
| institution's testing of | | |
| business continuity plans | | |
| related to the wire room | | |
| or funds transfer | | |
| operation. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Determine whether the | | |
| institution keeps a | | |
| back-up copy of the | | |
| encryption material, PC | | |
| power-on password, and | | |
| master ID and password | | |
| stored off site at a | | |
| secure location. Evaluate | | |
| whether staff access to | | |
| these materials is on a | | |
| need to know basis. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 5\. Determine whether the | | |
| institution has | | |
| established an inventory | | |
| of spare encryption | | |
| boards, modems, and other | | |
| PC-related hardware. | | |
| Evaluate whether these | | |
| components are stored | | |
| securely off site and | | |
| readily available in the | | |
| event of a device | | |
| failure. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 6\. Determine whether the | | |
| institution keeps a | | |
| back-up copy of the most | | |
| current version of the | | |
| FedLine software on | | |
| diskette and stored off | | |
| site at a secure | | |
| location. Review whether | | |
| these back-ups include | | |
| FedLine software patches | | |
| as they are issued. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 7\. Determine whether the | | |
| institution periodically | | |
| generates a static file | | |
| back-up of all FedLine | | |
| financial | | |
| institution-specific | | |
| information and stores it | | |
| off site at a secure | | |
| location (Note: static | | |
| file back-ups should be | | |
| performed for all FedLine | | |
| PCs and stored off site). | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| CONCLUSIONS | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| Objective 7: Discuss | | |
| corrective action and | | |
| communicate findings. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 1\. From the procedures | | |
| performed: | | |
| | | |
| - Document conclusions | | |
| related to the | | |
| quality and | | |
| effectiveness of the | | |
| security controls and | | |
| business continuity | | |
| planning relating to | | |
| the wire room or | | |
| funds transfer | | |
| operation and FedLine | | |
| FT application. | | |
| | | |
| - Determine and | | |
| document to what | | |
| extent, if any, the | | |
| examiner may rely | | |
| upon funds transfer | | |
| review procedures | | |
| performed by internal | | |
| or external audit. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 2\. Review your | | |
| preliminary conclusions | | |
| with the EIC regarding: | | |
| | | |
| - Violations of law, | | |
| rulings, regulations, | | |
| and third-party | | |
| agreements. | | |
| | | |
| - Significant issues | | |
| warranting inclusion | | |
| as matters requiring | | |
| board attention or | | |
| recommendations in | | |
| the report of | | |
| examination. | | |
| | | |
| - Potential impact of | | |
| your conclusions on | | |
| composite and | | |
| component URSIT | | |
| ratings. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 3\. Discuss your findings | | |
| with management and | | |
| obtain proposed | | |
| corrective action, | | |
| including time frames for | | |
| correction, for | | |
| significant deficiencies. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 4\. Document your | | |
| conclusions in a memo to | | |
| the EIC that provides | | |
| report-ready comments for | | |
| all relevant sections of | | |
| the FFIEC Report of | | |
| Examination and guidance | | |
| to future examiners. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
| 5\. Organize work papers | | |
| to ensure clear support | | |
| for significant findings | | |
| and conclusions. | | |
+---------------------------+-----+-----------------------------------+
----------------------- ----------- ----------- -----------------------
Examiner Date
Reviewer's Initials
----------------------- ----------- ----------- -----------------------
| en |
converted_docs | 353119 | NY 851698
May 10, 1990
CLA-2-42:S:N:N3G:341 851698
CATEGORY: Classification
TARIFF NO.: 4202.32.2000; 9615.11.3000; 6215.20.0000;
3924.90.5000; 9615.19.6010
Mr. Jack Gonzalez
J.W. Hampton
15 Park Row
New York, NY 10038
RE: The tariff classification of Club Arizona Girl Accessories
(cosmetic bag, comb, string tie with plastic armadillo
slide, mirror and ponytail scrunch) from China.
Dear Mr. Gonzalez:
In your letter dated April 18, 1990, on behalf of F.W.
Woolworth, N.Y., N.Y., you requested a tariff classification
ruling.
The submitted sample, Item number 2810, style #1, consists
of a girl\'s PVC cosmetic bag, a plastic comb, a string tie made
of nylon textile with a plastic armadillo slide, an acrylic
mirror in a plastic frame and a ponytail scrunch made of nylon
textile. All of the items will be put up in a blister package.
Your sample is being returned per your request.
The applicable subheading for the PVC cosmetic bag will be
4202.32.2000, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
(HTS), which provides for articles of a kind normally carried in
the pocket or in the handbag, with outer surface of plastic
sheeting, other. The rate of duty will be 20 percent ad valorem.
The applicable subheading for the plastic comb will be
9615.11.3000, HTS, which provides for combs, hair-slides and the
like. The rate of duty will be 28.8 cents/gross plus 4.6 percent
ad valorem.
The applicable subheading for the nylon string tie with
plastic armadillo slide will be 6215.20.0000, HTS, which provides
for ties, bows and cravats, of man-made fibers. The rate of duty
will be 26.5 cents/kg plus 13.5 percent ad valorem.
The applicable subheading for the acrylic mirror in a
plastic frame will be 3924.90.5000, HTS, which provides for
tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet
articles, of plastics, other, other. The rate of duty will be
3.4 percent ad valorem.
The applicable subheading for the nylon ponytail scrunch
will be 9615.19.6010, HTS, which provides for combs, hair-slides
and the like other, of textile materials. The rate of duty will
be 11 percent ad valorem.
Item 6215.20.0000 falls within textile category designation
659\. Based upon international textile trade agreements, products
of China are subject to visa requirements and quota restraints.
The designated textile and apparel category may be
subdivided into parts. If so, visa and quota requirements
applicable to the subject merchandise may be affected. Since
part categories are the result of international bilateral
agreements which are subject to frequent renegotiations and
changes, to obtain the most current information available, we
suggest that you check, close to the time of shipment, the
Status Report On Current Import Quotas (Restraints Levels), an
internal issuance of the U.S. Customs Service, which is available
for inspection at your local Customs office.
This ruling is being issued under the provisions of Section
177 of the Customs Regulations (19 C.F.R. 177).
A copy of this ruling letter should be attached to the entry
documents filed at the time this merchandise is imported. If the
documents have been filed without a copy, this ruling should be
brought to the attention of the Customs officer handling the
transaction.
Sincerely,
Jean F. Maguire
Area Director
New York Seaport
| en |
converted_docs | 698338 | **DA 07-3423**
July 27, 2007
Mathew S. DelNero
Covington & Burling LLP
1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington D.C. 20004
Re: Call Sign: E050244 File No.: SES-STA-20070518-00680
Dear Mr. DelNero:
On May 18, 2007, Grupo W COM, S.A. de C.V. (Grupo W COM) filed the
above-captioned request for special temporary authority (STA) to operate
its licensed conventional Ku-Band[^1] VSAT network, which uses 1.2 meter
antennas, in the extended Ku-Band[^2] frequencies. Grupo W COM proposes
to use the Intelsat 1R at 45^o^ W.L. as a point of communication.
Pursuant to Section 0.261 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. §0.261,
we deny the STA request.
Because Federal Government and non-Federal systems share the 13.75-14.0
GHz band on a co-primary basis, we sent Grupo W COM's STA request to the
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) for
coordination. NTIA indicates[^3] that operation of the earth station as
proposed, which uses 1.2 meter antennas rather than 4.5 meter antennas,
would not protect U.S. radiolocation receivers. Consequently, we deny
the request.
Accordingly, pursuant to Section 0.261 of the Commission's rules, 47
C.F.R. §0.261, we deny Grupo W COM's STA request.
Sincerely,
Scott A. Kotler
Chief, Systems Analysis Branch
Satellite Division
International Bureau
[^1]: 11.7-12.2 and 14.0-14.5 GHz bands.
[^2]: 10.95-11.2, 11.45-11.7, and 13.8-14.0 GHz bands.
[^3]: *See* Letter from Thomas S. Woods, Chief, Frequency Assignment
Branch, Spectrum Services Division, Office of Spectrum Management,
NTIA to Mr. Scott Kotler, Chief Systems Analysis Branch, Satellite
Division, International Bureau, FCC (July 20, 2007).
| en |
markdown | 351248 | # Presentation: 351248
## Natural Latex Allergy/Irritation
- by
- XXXXXXXXX
- Department of Veterans Affairs
## Natural & Synthetic Latex
**Latex** - particles in a liquid lattice suspension
- (synthetic rubber/polymer or natural)
- Synthetic (polyethylene, polyurethane, neoprene, nitrile) - Synthetic Rubber Latex does not come from plants
- Natural rubber (Milky sap from 2,000 species of plants - Hevea brasiliensis tree in Southeast Asia
**Production** of synthetic rubber/polymer and natural rubber is a complex multi-step process involving a number of chemicals (vulcanize or cross-link rubber, preserve, and aid production)
## Allergy
- Immune response to a foreign invading substance/agent, e.g., often an invading foreign protein called an Antigen.
- When exposed the body reacts producing chemicals and antibodies to destroy the antigen.
- Allergic symptoms from cellular chemical(s), such as histamines
- Allergies acquired
- Allergies often genetic (food groups -Atopic individuals)
- Allergic response may be induced
## Latex Allergy
- A latex allergy is a reaction to a material on or contained in latex.
- A natural latex allergy is a type of reaction to _one of many proteins_ contained in natural rubber latex.
## Allergy/Irritation
- Both Natural and Synthetic Rubber
- Chemicals in rubber
- Accelerators (Speeds cross-linking e.g., thiurams - 60%)
- Antioxidants (Preservatives e.g., phenolics)
- Other Latex Products
- Paint? - Natural Latex?
- Masking Tape? Likely
- Outside Rubber the Cause?
- methyl methacrylate monomer - penetrate glove
**Notes:**
Natural rubber contains proteins, lipids, nucleotides, and cofactors. THEN
There are over 200 agents added to natural latex during the manufacturing process.
Manufactures formulate their natural latex gloves with different amounts of natural rubber proteins (3,000-fold difference between manufacturers)
Synthetic rubber latex gloves may contain some of the same additives as natural rubber latex
## Irritant
- Frequent handwashing with inadequate drying, rinsing, and removal of oils
- Aggressive scrubbing
- Climatic extremes
- Mechanical abrasion - e.g., glove powders
- Skin not allowed to breath - i.e., prolonged glove use
## Allergy/Irritation
- Mild Acute
- Redness
- Itching, burning, and tingling
- Mild Chronic
- Dry, cracked and scaly skin
- Among persons with mild forms of latex allergy - No way to predict how serious reactions will develop.
- Severe (Urticaria/asthma/anaphylaxis)
- Immediate (0-30 minutes) with spread to areas remote to site contact (respiratory distress to anaphylaxis) -- IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
## Latex Allergy
- FDA (1988 -1992) - 1,000 cases 15 deaths
- American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - An epidemic for health care workers (July 1997)
- CDC
- 1% general population
- 2.9 to 17 % health care workers
- Diagnosis difficult
- History
- No Routine Testing
**Notes:**
The true natural latex sensitivity/allergy is from the proteins
## Natural Latex Problem?
- Clinically and Pathologically - Similar
- Mechanical Irritation
- Glove Component
- Latex Glove Not Appropriate to All Tasks (e.g., methyl methacrylate monomer which can penetrate many gloves - bone cement)
## Risk Factors
- Frequency and Duration of Exposure (multiple glove use, wearing for extended periods, skin breakdown, failure to wash hands, multiple surgery, perspiring under gloves)
- Route of Exposure (through cuts or lesion, mucous membranes, circulatory system
- Type of Glove (exam. vs. surgical, powdered vs. powdered free, high/low protein)
- Predisposing Factors (host family - history, immune-compromised, atopic)
## Tests
- Patch Test - not for natural latex proteins (reagent in future - Greer (Johns Hopkins) skin test reagent - (systemic reaction mild - treatment without epinephrine)
- Skin Prick Test - not for natural latex proteins
- Wearer or Use Test - not for natural latex proteins
- RAST Test (Radio-allergosorbert) - Approved by FDA for natural latex protein
- 80% sensitivity
- 100% specific in non-atopic individuals
- May be + and no symptoms or - with symptoms
## Gloves
**Protective rubber gloves:**
- In OR by American surgeon Halstead just over 100 years ago.
- Protect against harsh disinfecting agents. Efficacy in reducing transmission of infection.
**Use** of protective natural rubber latex has increased (BBP)
## Skin Care
- Minimize contact with causative agents
- Irritants
- Proper selection of gloves
- For chemicals being worked with
- Substitute gloves containing chemical causing reaction
- Minimize natural latex protein contact (low protein or synthetic)
- Use skin emulsion
- Glove liners
## Skin Emulsion & Soap
- Impact of emulsion on glove
- Degradation of the glove
- Leaching out NLP or chemical constituents
- Hasten transfer of latex protein
- Impact on antibacterial soap (30 sec. washing for rig.)
- Degradation of the glove
- Leaching out NLP or chemical constituents
- Hasten transfer of latex protein
- Allergen (preservatives, e.g., methy(chloro) iothiazolinone and glutaraldehyde) - antiseptics - antimicrobial (CDC and APIC - Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings - non antimicrobial)
- Impact of antibacterial soap and emulsion combination
**Notes:**
CDC advises hospitals to reserve antibacterials for patients in high risk situations
CDC - Hospital Infections Program - Antibacterial soaps remove 97 % of bacterial on people’s hands compared with 95% with non-antibacterial soap
## Low Protein Gloves
- Modified Lowry Test - Protein in glove water extracts. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
- Latex Enzymelinked Imunosorbent assay (ELISA) - Has not been validated against specific allergen-measuring methods.
- RAST Inhibition - Lack of standardized NRL allergen.
## Agency Actions
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration _[(OSHA Latex page)](http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/latexallergy/index.html)_
- 29 CFR 1910.1030 (d)(3)(iii) - Bloodborne
- 29 CFR 1910.1200 and .1450 - HazCom
- 29 CFR 1910.138 - General Gloves
**(http:www.osha-slc.gov/OshDoc/Interp-data/INTERP_19960111B.html)**
- Food and Drug Administration
- Rule on labeling on in effective
- Has an _[alert](http://www.fda.gov//medwatch/report/desk/casestud.htm)_ to health care professionals
**Notes:**
OSHA regulates but defers labeling to FDA
FDA has a rule - FDA has issued a medical alert to advise health professional of hazard
## Agency Actions (continued)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
**NIOSH Alert - **
- CDC & Health and Human Services
- Guidelines for Infection Control in Health Care Personnel - 1998
- Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs
- OWCP
**Notes:**
Compensable
Source code 0761 for natural latex
0762 for chemical component
Nature (NO CHANGE) 710 inhalation or 730 for absorption
Nature code AR for sensitivity/allergy systemic
AD for dermal
## Agency Actions (continued)
- Americans with Disabilities Act or
- Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973
- Pre-employment physical - conditional only
- Essential job functions of this position
- Accommodation
## Latex Allergy Resources
- Videos
- Protecting Against Latex Allergy (Spina Bifida Association)
- The Latex Allergy Dilemma by Envision Incorporated.
- Books
- Protective Gloves for Occupational Use by Gunh A. Mellstrom. P.D.., Ph.D. (OSHA Library)
- World Wide Web
- Foundation for Latex Allergy Research and Education
- Latex Allergy Information Service
## Department of Veterans Affairs Latex Allergy Prevention http://www.va.gov/vasafety
## VA Natural Latex Policy
- Prevent, where possible, exposure by at-risk patients and employees
- Minimize employee contact
- Synthetic or low NLP gloves
- Use the right gloves
- Eliminate where possible vehicles for NLP (Powder)
- Provide accommodation
- Track OWCP claims
- Facility Safety Committee
- Skin emulsions/moisturizers
- Washing hands after wearing gloves
**Notes:**
.
Hand washing important.
## Questions Please complete web/online trainee evaluation of this PPt by clicking here_x000b_& Please complete web/online trainer evaluation of this PPt by clicking here
| en |
converted_docs | 025969 | BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION
**HUMAN RESOURCES, DIVERSITY & EEO**
**Portland, Oregon**
**PERSONNEL LETTER NO. 752-1 (Revised) DATE:** August 29, 2003
**SUBJECT:** Discipline, Adverse Actions, and Alternative Discipline
######## I. PURPOSE {#i.-purpose .unnumbered}
To inform managers/supervisors and employees of the forms of discipline
used in BPA, alternative discipline, disciplinary and non-disciplinary
adverse actions, and the conditions under which such actions may be
taken, and the procedures for taking such actions.
**II. PURPOSE OF REVISION**
> Appendix A, Guidance for Selecting Corrective Action, Corrective
> Action Guide, has been revised to include specific corrective action
> for situations where an employee fails to advise management when they
> have been medically diagnosed as having a highly contagious illness.
> Appendix B has been revised to delegate to managers the authority to
> place an employee in a paid, non-duty status in certain situations and
> under certain conditions when an employee has a highly contagious
> illness. This Personnel Letter supercedes Personnel Letter 752-1,
> Discipline, Adverse Actions, and Alternative Discipline, dated
> February 21, 2003.
**III. COVERAGE**
This Personnel Letter incorporates all applicable provisions regarding
the coverage and exclusion of employees as specified in 5 CFR, Part 752,
Adverse Actions, for suspensions and adverse actions, and any
alternative discipline issued in lieu of these actions. Instructions on
admonishments, reprimands, and any alternative discipline issued in lieu
of an admonishment or reprimand, may be applied to all BPA employees.
######## IV. REFERENCES {#iv.-references .unnumbered}
A. 5 U.S.C., Chapter 43, Performance Appraisal
B. 5 U.S.C., Chapter 75, Adverse Actions
C. 5 U.S.C., Chapter 77, Appeals
D. 5 CFR, Part 432, Performance-Based Reduction in Grade and Removal
Actions
E. 5 CFR, Part 752, Adverse Actions
F. 5 CFR, Part 1201, Merit Systems Protection Board Practices and
Procedures
G. BPAM Chapter 400/700A, Employee Relations Program
H. BPA Management Assistance Services (MAS) Handbook
I. Personnel Letter 213-1, Student Career Experience Program
J. Personnel Letter 315-1, Probationary Periods for New Managers and
Supervisors
K. Personnel Letter 315-2, Probationary or Trial Periods for New
Employees
L. Personnel Letter 316-1, Temporary Limited Appointments
M. Personnel Letter 293-3, Employee Relations Case Files
N. Personnel Letter 339-7, Medical Evaluation of Employees and
Applicants
O. Personnel Letter 430-1, Performance Appraisal
P. Personnel Letter 432-1, Taking Action Based on Unacceptable
Performance
Q. Personnel Letter 531-1, Requirement for Granting and Denying
Within-Grade Increases
R. Personnel Letter 752-2, Guidance on Violent and Threatening Behavior
in the Work Place
S. Personnel Letter 793-1, Alcohol Testing Implementation Plan
**V. DEFINITIONS**
A. [Admonishment]{.underline}. An informal rebuke or warning issued to
an employee orally and/or in writing.
B. [Adverse Action]{.underline}. A removal, reduction in grade or pay,
suspension for more than 14 calendar days, or furlough for 30 days
or less.
C. [Alternative Discipline]{.underline}. An agreement developed between
the employee and BPA in which the employee agrees to an alternative
penalty and/or performance of volunteer service or a special
project, etc., and waives all rights to appeal. Alternative
discipline is used when it is believed that corrective action, less
than the traditional disciplinary procedures, will affect a change
in conduct/behavior.
D. [Days]{.underline}. For purposes of this Personnel Letter, "days"
mean calendar days.
E. [Discipline]{.underline}. Formal action taken in order to correct
misconduct or misbehavior. "Discipline" is an inclusive term
referring to reprimands, suspensions, demotions, and removals taken
for misconduct.
F. [Furlough]{.underline}. Placing an employee in a temporary status,
without duties and pay, because of lack of work or funds, or for
other non-disciplinary reasons.
G. [Indefinite Suspension]{.underline}. The temporary removal of an
employee from work and pay status pending an investigation, inquiry,
or further agency action. The indefinite suspension continues for an
indeterminate period of time and ends with the occurrence of the
pending conditions set forth in the notice of action, or during
notice of adverse action.
H. [Non-Disciplinary Adverse Action]{.underline}. An adverse action
taken for non-conduct related reasons, such as for physical
inability to perform, inability to maintain a regular
> full-time work schedule, performance difficulties, etc.
I. [Performance-Based Action]{.underline}. Action taken based on
unacceptable or inefficient performance of duties.
(Performance-based actions can be taken under procedures in this
Personnel Letter, or under procedures in Personnel Letter 432-1.)
J. [Reduction in Grade or Pay]{.underline}. Actions taken that change
an employee involuntarily from a position at one grade and rate of
basic pay to another position at a lower grade or rate of basic pay.
K. [Removal]{.underline}. The involuntary separation of an employee
from employment with the BPA and the Federal Civil Service.
L. [Reprimand]{.underline}. A written statement of formal censure
issued to an employee for misconduct.
M. [Suspension]{.underline}. The temporary removal of an employee from
work and from a pay status for disciplinary purposes.
######## VI. POLICY AND RESPONSIBILITIES {#vi.-policy-and-responsibilities .unnumbered}
BPAM Chapter 400/700A, Employee Relations Program contains:
- BPA's policy regarding its employee relations program including
discipline, alternative discipline, adverse actions,
performance-based actions, within-grade increase denials,
terminations during probationary and trial periods, and from
temporary appointments, and
- Delegated authorities for taking these actions***.***
**VII. CONFIDENTIALITY AND TIMELINESS OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS**
Corrective actions are personal matters and, to the extent feasible
under the circumstances, should be accomplished in private. Interviews
and inquiries concerning such actions are conducted privately and in
such a manner as to minimize personal embarrassment. The minimum number
of persons possible consistent with the need for sound fact-gathering,
and internal coordination and labor management relations obligations,
should be involved in, or made party to, the action.
Investigation of situations that could lead to corrective action should
be initiated as soon as possible while information is fresh and readily
available. When an employee properly invokes his/her right to union
representation (Weingarten right) during an investigatory discussion
with the employee, management will honor such right. Normally a
corrective action should be initiated after such investigations are
completed and management has had a reasonable period to review the
resulting reports.
**VIII. EFFICIENCY OF THE SERVICE AND THE CONCEPT OF NEXUS**
No suspension or adverse action may be taken against an employee unless
it is for such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service. An
action will generally "promote the efficiency of the service" if there
is a rational connection (i.e., nexus) between the efficiency of the
service and (a) the employee's misconduct in disciplinary actions, or
(b) the employee's problem in non-disciplinary actions (e.g., physical
inability to perform). In other words, if the conduct may reasonably be
expected to interfere with the ability of the person to function in the
position or the agency's ability to discharge its responsibilities, it
interferes with the efficiency of the service.
**IX. DISCIPLINE**
A. [Purpose]{.underline}. Discipline is a tool that supervisors and
managers can use to enforce the rules, regulations, and work
requirements that allow BPA to accomplish its mission in an efficient,
productive, and orderly manner.
Discipline is used to ***correct*** inappropriate behavior, ***not to
punish*** employees. The objective is correction and rehabilitation.
Action must be fair, equitable, and impartial. Generally, the goal is to
administer the lowest level of discipline needed to correct the problem,
so that the same conduct/behavior will not be repeated. Appendix A
provides guidance in this regard, recognizing that each situation is
usually unique.
B. [Progressive Discipline]{.underline}. BPA follows an approach called
\"progressive discipline.\" Progressive discipline means that if an
employee continues to engage in unacceptable conduct, the actions taken
by management to correct the problem will become more severe after each
instance. Repeated infractions are prima facie evidence that the
previous disciplinary action was insufficient to bring about correction,
and more severe corrective actions shall normally be assessed in such
cases.
> Appendix A to this Personnel Letter provides guidance for selecting
> the appropriate corrective action.
C. [Admonishment]{.underline}. An admonishment is an informal warning
issued to an employee orally and/or in writing in an attempt to correct
misconduct. It is not considered to be formal discipline. (It is
included under the discipline section of this Personnel Letter because,
in some cases, it is a preliminary step to formal discipline.)
> There is no prescribed format for an admonishment. It may be oral or
> written. It is not filed in the employee\'s Official Personnel Folder
> (OPF), and does not require establishment of a disciplinary record
> file. It does not carry the regulatory right of reply or appeal by the
> employee; however, employees are not precluded from filing a grievance
> over the matter. The admonishment is a valuable tool in situations
> where an employee should be informed specifically of deficiencies in
> performance or conduct that could lead to formal disciplinary action,
> if continued, and the conduct expectations required for the employee
> to correct the deficiencies. When used, an admonishment should be
> identified as such to the employee by the supervisor. Admonishments
> should not be confused with normal performance discussions or the
> counseling inherent in day-to-day supervision.
Notes regarding an oral admonishment, or a copy of a written
admonishment issued to an employee, shall be maintained by the
administering manager/supervisor. This documentation will later become
part of the employee\'s disciplinary record if it is used to
substantiate subsequent discipline. One of the better techniques to
accomplish documentation of an oral admonishment is to write a
confirming memorandum for the file and give a copy of the memorandum to
the employee.
> A manager/supervisor may also want to document any discussion with an
> employee regarding performance or conduct, even though it does not
> take the form of an admonishment, and may furnish a copy to the
> employee.
D. [Letter of Reprimand]{.underline}. The first and least severe form of
formal discipline. The letter of reprimand should be used in those
situations that require an action more stringent than an admonishment.
In some situations, a letter of reprimand may be the last step in a
progression of penalties before removal if the employee has been given a
clear warning that a further offense could lead to removal. Depending on
the seriousness of the offense, it is not necessary to issue a reprimand
prior to progressing to more severe disciplinary action.
The letter of reprimand shall be clearly identified as a reprimand
(i.e., opening statement should state, "This is an official letter of
reprimand for . . ."). It should clearly specify the nature of the
infraction or transgression, including information related to that
reason such as times, dates, and circumstances that required the
corrective action to be taken. It should inform the employee of all time
limits, the right to file a grievance, where to seek assistance
regarding the grievance procedure, and the right to representation. The
letter of reprimand must be reviewed by the Employee Relations staff for
appropriateness and technical accuracy before being given to the
employee. This letter will be filed in the OPF for a period of not to
exceed 1 year or until the employee leaves the Department of Energy,
whichever is earlier, or it may be removed earlier, whenever the
official issuing the reprimand so directs. See section XIII, below,
regarding procedures for tracking and removing reprimands from OPFs.
E. [Suspension for 14 Days or Less]{.underline}. A suspension from duty
for 14 days or less involves an employee being formally directed to
remain away from work for a specified period of time, without pay.
Suspensions are used to correct serious or repeated misconduct or
violations of local, State, or Federal law, an agency rule or
regulation, or administrative instructions and procedures. A suspension
is an appropriate disciplinary measure when less severe disciplinary
actions fail to correct an employee's conduct, or when the gravity of
the offense warrants stringent corrective action. Suspensions are
recorded permanently in an employee\'s OPF. The suspension process
involves the issuance of a notice of proposed action to the employee and
a subsequent decision to the employee.
1. [Letters of Proposed Suspension]{.underline}. A proposed suspension
for 14 days or less must indicate clearly that it is a proposal
rather than a final decision, and that the final decision will not
be made until after receipt of the employee\'s reply or after the
expiration of the time period for reply if no reply is made. It
shall also inform the employee where and to whom the reply shall be
directed and the employee\'s right to:
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a. Review the material supporting the action proposed in the notice.
(Depending upon the nature of the disciplinary action, it may be
advisable to include copies of all supporting material with the
letter. Proposing officials should consult the Employee Relations
staff regarding the necessity for this.)
b. A reasonable time to answer (usually 10 days, but not less than
24 hours) orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other
documentary evidence in support of the answer.
c. Be represented by an attorney or other representative.
2\. [Letter of Decision]{.underline}.
a. The letter of decision shall be issued as soon as practical after
the receipt and consideration of the employee\'s reply, or after
expiration of the time allocated for the employee\'s answer to the
Letter of Proposed Suspension. In arriving at the written decision,
only the reason(s) specified in the letter of proposed action and
any response by the employee or his/her representative will be
considered.
b. The decision shall state which reasons were relied upon and which
were not (tell the employee which reasons in the proposed letter
were determined to be valid and which were dismissed and why), and
if the proposed suspension is determined to be warranted, the
effective date of the action. No new reasons may be added to the
letter of decision.
c. The letter must state the employee\'s grievance rights and who to
contact regarding these rights.
F. [Adverse Action taken for Disciplinary Reasons]{.underline}. Adverse
actions (i.e., removals, reductions in grade or pay, and suspensions of
more than 14 calendar days) taken for disciplinary reasons can be used
to correct serious or repeated misconduct or violations of local, State
or Federal law, an agency rule or regulation, or administrative
instructions and procedures. A disciplinary adverse action is an
appropriate measure when less severe disciplinary actions fail to
correct an employee's conduct, or when the gravity of the offense
warrants such corrective action. Adverse action procedures are described
below in section X.
G. [Additional Guidance]{.underline}. Additional guidance regarding
corrective action for misconduct, including sample letters, is located
in the MAS Handbook. All formal discipline, including proposal and
decision letters, must be reviewed by the Employee Relations staff for
appropriateness and technical accuracy before being given to the
employee. Letters of admonishment may also be reviewed by the Employee
Relations staff prior to issuance.
**X. ADVERSE ACTIONS**
A. [Actions Covered]{.underline}. For purposes of this section, an
adverse action is a removal, a reduction in grade or pay, or a
suspension of more than 14 calendar days effected for either
disciplinary or non-disciplinary reasons, as well as a furlough for 30
days or less.
1\. [Removal]{.underline}. A removal action, terminating the
employer-employee relationship, is an involuntary separation based on
the decision of a BPA official exercising delegated authority. A removal
action can be initiated for both disciplinary and non-disciplinary
reasons.
2\. [Suspensions of more than 14 days]{.underline}. For purposes of this
section, a suspension is the involuntary placement of an employee in a
non-duty, non-pay status for a period of more than 14 calendar days.
3\. [Indefinite Suspension]{.underline}. The indefinite suspension may
be used pending further investigation or pending judicial disposition of
a criminal matter (where there is insufficient evidence available to
warrant removal or where disclosure of the evidence would jeopardize
prosecution of the criminal case).
4\. [Furlough for 30 Days or Less]{.underline}. A furlough for 30 days
or less is a
non-disciplinary adverse action placing an employee in a temporary
non-duty and non-pay status. A furlough action may be taken on the basis
of lack of work or funds, or on the basis of an emergency situation
affecting plant equipment or materials. Furloughs for more than 30
calendar days are reduction in force actions processed under 5 CFR, Part
351, Reduction In Force. The advance written notice and opportunity to
answer are not necessary for
furlough-without-pay due to unforeseeable circumstances such as sudden
breakdowns in equipment, acts of God, or sudden emergencies requiring
immediate curtailment of activities.
5\. [Reductions in Grade or Pay]{.underline}. A reduction in grade
occurs when an employee is moved to a position of lower grade under the
classification system or BPA hourly job standards. A reduction in pay
occurs when the basic rate of pay of an employee is reduced
involuntarily (i.e., not requested by the employee for personal reasons
or for the employee's benefit). This excludes the loss of any
differentials such as night work, overtime, hazardous duty, holiday pay,
per diem, etc. A reduction-in-grade or pay can be for non-disciplinary
or disciplinary reasons. Reductions-in-grade which entitle annual
employees to grade retention under 5 CFR, Part 536, Grade and Pay
Retention, are not covered by this section, nor are reductions for
hourly employees for similar reasons.
# B. [Disciplinary versus Non-Disciplinary Adverse Actions]{.underline}. {#b.-disciplinary-versus-non-disciplinary-adverse-actions. .unnumbered}
1\. Adverse actions for disciplinary reasons are appropriate:
a\. When previously administered disciplinary actions have not served to
prevent repetition of misconduct;
> b\. When employee conduct is sufficiently serious to warrant
> termination of the employment relationship (e.g., serious violations
> of the Federal or State Criminal Code, corruption, substantive
> conflict of interest, physical assault, etc.); or
>
> c\. When required by statute.
2\. Adverse actions for non-disciplinary reasons include:
> a\. Failure to accept geographical or organizational reassignment;
>
> b\. Inefficiency in performance of duties (in cases where procedures
> under 5 CFR, Part 432, Performance-Based Reduction in Grade and
> Removal Actions, are not applicable[^1]);
>
> c\. Mental or physical disability;
>
> d\. Failure to maintain a regular tour-of-duty when absences are
> caused by illness;
>
> e\. Failure to retain required qualifications;
>
> f\. Demotion resulting from a reclassification action for annual
> employees, which results in a loss of grade or pay, but no entitlement
> to grade retention;
>
> g\. Reduction in the number of hours of duty per week for a part-time
> employee; or
>
> h\. Furlough because of lack of funds or work.
C. [Adverse Action Procedures]{.underline}. The regulatory and statutory
requirements when taking adverse actions under Title 5, U.S.C., Chapter
75, Adverse Actions, and 5 CFR, Part 752,Adverse Actions, are provided
below. Adverse actions are recorded permanently in an employee\'s
Official personnel File (OPF.) The adverse action process involves the
issuance of a proposal and a decision.
1. [Letter of Proposed Action]{.underline}.
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a. The letter of proposed action must state the specific action
proposed. Caution should be exercised in deciding on the specific
action proposed since the decision in the case cannot impose a more
severe penalty than originally proposed.
b. It must clearly state the reason(s) for proposing the action and
include the specific information that supports the reason, such as
times, dates, and circumstances.
c. If the reason(s) involves conduct off the job, the proposal letter
must state the nexus (connection) to the efficiency of the service.
d. It shall inform the employee that, if the proposed action is taken,
it will not become effective earlier than 30 days from the date of
receipt of the notice. (This 30-day period is called the "advance
notice period.")
e. It is highly recommended that the applicable "Douglas Factors" be
addressed in the proposal letter. These factors are listed in
Appendix A.
f. The letter shall inform the employee of his/her right to:
- Review the material supporting the reason(s) for the action proposed
in the notice. (Copies of all supporting material may be enclosed
with the letter of proposal or be readily available to the
employee.)
- A reasonable time, normally 15 days, but not less than 7 days, to
answer orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other
documentary evidence in support of the answer.
- Be represented by an attorney or other representative.
g\. It shall inform the employee of his/her work status during the
30-day advance notice period. Under ordinary circumstances, an employee
whose removal or suspension, including indefinite suspensions, has been
proposed shall remain in a duty status in his or her regular position.
In those rare circumstances when the agency determines that the
employee's continued presence in the workplace during an adverse action
notice period may pose a threat to the employee or others, result in
loss or damage to Government property, or otherwise jeopardize
legitimate Government interests, management may elect one or a
combination of the following alternatives.
- Assign the employee to duties where he/she is no longer a threat to
safety, the BPA mission, or Government property;
- Allow the employee to take leave, or carry him/her in appropriate
leave status (annual, sick, leave without pay) with the employee's
consent. If the employee is absent from the work site without
approved leave, the absence may be recorded as absence without leave
(AWOL);
- Use authority to curtail the notice period if BPA has reasonable
cause to believe that the employee has committed a crime for which a
sentence of imprisonment may be imposed; or
- Place the employee in a paid, non-duty status for such time as is
necessary to effect the action, based on the authority in 5 CFR,
Part 752. THIS IS AN OPTION OF LAST RESORT. If an organization
wishes to place an employee in a paid, non-duty status under5 CFR,
Part 752, the procedures in Appendix B must be followed.
h. It shall clearly indicate that the letter is a proposal, and that a
final decision will not be made until after receipt of the
employee\'s reply or after expiration of the time period for reply.
i. It shall also inform the employee that he/she has a reasonable time
(e.g., 15 days) in which to answer orally and/or in writing. Also,
the following shall be addressed in the letter: 1) the name of the
official to whom any written reply should be sent; 2) the address to
which it should be sent; and 3) if an oral reply is desired, to whom
a request for an oral reply should be sent. The person designated to
receive the employee\'s written reply and hear the employee\'s oral
reply shall have the authority to make a final decision on the
proposed adverse action. Oral Reply Guidelines are in Appendix C.
j. It shall also state that if the employee wishes BPA to consider any
medical condition that contributed to his/her conduct/behavior,
performance, or leave problem, the employee shall be given a
reasonable time to furnish medical documentation (as defined in 5
CFR 339.104).
2\. [Letter of Decision]{.underline}.
a. The letter of decision shall be issued as soon as practical after
the receipt and consideration of the employee\'s reply or after
expiration of the time allocated for the employee\'s answer to the
Letter of Proposed Suspension. In arriving at the decision, only the
reason(s) specified in the notice of proposed action along with
supporting documentation, and any response by the employee and/or
his/her representative will be considered.
b. The decision shall state which reason(s) and specification(s), if
applicable, were sustained (i.e., which were determined to be
valid), if the proposed action is determined to be warranted, and
the effective date of the action. If a reason was not addressed in
the proposal letter, it may not be considered and included in the
decision letter. It is also highly recommended that the applicable
"Douglas Factors" be addressed in the decision letter.
c. The decision shall contain information regarding applicable
grievance, appeal and representation rights, and the name of the
individual whom the employee may contact concerning appeal rights
and procedures.
d. The effective date of the action. The decision must be delivered to
the employee at or before the time the action becomes effective.
######## XI. ALTERNATIVE DISCIPLINE {#xi.-alternative-discipline .unnumbered}
A. [Purpose]{.underline}. Many organizations have reported success
using alternatives to traditional disciplinary actions, as
appropriate. The key consideration is what action will be most
effective in correcting employee conduct and behavior while
contributing to the efficiency of the service. Traditional penalties
sometimes have the effect of compounding problems (e.g., suspending
someone from duty and pay for not showing up to work). Alternative
discipline (AD) permits the use of creative solutions while
maintaining the effect of progressive discipline if there is future
misconduct. In addition, although AD is offered solely at the
discretion of management, it provides employees with an opportunity
to become actively involved with supervisors/managers in fashioning
creative acceptable agreements to resolve
> work-related issues.
B. [Employees Covered]{.underline}. Employees are covered as indicated
in section III, above, though management has sole discretion to
allow resolution of unacceptable conduct issues through AD
agreements. These procedures confer no additional rights to
employees beyond those already established.
C. [Matters Covered]{.underline}. Except for those matters specifically
excluded below,
> supervisors/ managers may consider offering AD agreements in instances
> where some action other than traditional disciplinary action is likely
> to effect a positive change in an employee's behavior. When
> considering whether to enter into an AD agreement,
> supervisors/managers should consider whether the agreement would
> promote the efficiency of the service, and not adversely affect other
> employees.
>
> Supervisors/ managers may consider using an AD agreement as a means
> for forming a "last chance" agreement in lieu of removing an employee
> from BPA for unacceptable conduct.
> AD agreements should not be used to address instances of egregious
> activity (such as criminal conduct or offenses prescribed in a
> statute), performance-based actions, or where the employee will not
> admit to having engaged in the identified unacceptable conduct.
D. [Procedures]{.underline}. Before entering into an AD agreement with
> an employee the supervisor/manager must first seek assistance from
> the Employee Relations staff. All agreements must be reviewed by
> the Employee Relations staff to ensure that the conditions of the
> agreement are in compliance with AD procedures. AD agreements may
> be used as follows:
> 1\. [In Lieu of a Proposal to Discipline]{.underline}. The
> proposing official completes an AD agreement in lieu of proposing
> disciplinary action. In this type of agreement, the proposing
> official identifies the disciplinary action that would be proposed
> if the terms of the agreement were not fulfilled by an employee.
> An employee is provided with an opportunity to review the
> agreement to make an informed choice between traditional
> discipline and AD. The proposing official and the employee should
> meet to discuss the expectations of the agreement and make any
> agreed upon amendments. The agreement shall note the employee's
> right to consult with a union or other representative before
> voluntarily choosing AD.
> An employee voluntarily agrees to waive entitlement to certain
> disciplinary procedures normally required of management, except
> for the employee's right to a representative, as outlined in
> section XV, below. If the employee fails to fulfill the conditions
> of the agreement, the disciplinary action identified in the
> written analysis could be imposed immediately by management. The
> proposing official must ensure that the rights being waived are
> explicitly spelled out in the agreement. (See the MAS Handbook for
> a sample agreement.)
> 2\. [After a Proposal to Discipline Has Been
> Initiated]{.underline}. The deciding official may offer an AD
> agreement after the proposal for discipline has been issued, but
> prior to the issuance of a decision notice. For example, in a case
> involving a suspension, the deciding official may find that, even
> though the disciplinary action is warranted based on the
> circumstances, the employee has expressed significant remorse for
> his/her actions during the employee's response to the proposed
> disciplinary action. The deciding official may then agree to hold
> the suspension in abeyance pending successful completion of the AD
> agreement. If the employee fully complies with the terms of the
> agreement, the suspension will be dealt with in the manner
> specified in the agreement (e.g., canceled, left in the OPF as a
> "paper suspension", etc.). If the employee fails to satisfy the
> terms of the agreement, the suspension will be immediately
> imposed. (See the MAS Handbook for a sample agreement.)
E. [Manager and Employee Responsibility]{.underline}. An employee may
express a preference to the proposing or deciding official for entering
into an AD agreement. However, the supervisor/manager must agree as to
whether an AD agreement is an effective means for correcting the
employee's unacceptable conduct. Both the supervisor/manager and
employee are responsible for adhering to the terms and conditions in the
AD agreement. The employee must comply with the corrective measures set
forth in the agreement. The supervisor/manager must ensure that those
measures needed for reform are reasonable and within the capability of
the employee to accomplish and do not interfere with the efficiency of
the service.
F. [Alternative Discipline Options]{.underline}. The AD agreement must
specify the terms and conditions for successful completion of the
agreement. There are numerous types of alternative "penalties" that can
be agreed upon, provided they are not contrary to law or regulation
(e.g., contributing work time without compensation). Examples of
possible alternative "penalties", depending upon the nature and
seriousness of the offense, include, but are not limited to, any
combination of the following:
## Written or verbal apologies;
- Financial restitution;
- Donation of specific amount of leave to a leave transfer recipient;
- Taking Leave-Without-Pay in lieu of a suspension-without-pay;
- A reduced suspension-without-pay from the traditional discipline
that would have been imposed, or a split suspension;
- A traditional suspension-without-pay that is effected a couple days
at a time spread over several pay periods to reduce financial impact
on the employee;
- Effecting all or part of a suspension on an employee's non-scheduled
workday;
- Completion of an EAP-approved or recommended rehabilitation or
education program;
- Participation in training covering the specified problem;
- Research and write a report on violated rules or regulation;
- Changing working conditions (e.g., start/stop times, credit hours,
etc.);
- Letter of warning in lieu of a suspension;
- Verifiable community service within a specified period;
- Removal held in abeyance (i.e., "Last Chance Agreement"); and/or
- Alternative traditional penalties that are appropriate to the
offense.
G. [Content of the Agreement]{.underline}. Typical features of an AD
agreement between the employee and management are:
- An accurate and full description of the employee's offense (if
applicable, a copy of the proposal to discipline letter should be
attached to the agreement);
- Employee's admission of wrong-doing, acknowledging that he/she
accepts responsibility for it;
- Employee's promise to modify his/her behavior, and other terms and
conditions as agreed to by the supervisor and the employee, that
must be met for the employee to satisfactorily fulfill the
agreement;
- Notation of the specific traditional disciplinary penalty and the
specific AD;
- Acknowledgment that the AD will count as a prior offense for
progressive discipline purposes;
- A statement that the employee's failure to satisfactorily fulfill
the agreement will result in its cancellation, including the
consequences of the cancelled agreement (e.g., immediate imposition
of disciplinary action);
- Notification of the possible penalty for a subsequent offense;
- A waiver of rights to dispute the action (and any identified related
matters) in any forum;
- A statement that the agreement is non-precedential and may not be
cited for any reason, including comparison, in any other proceeding,
in any forum except when cited in a subsequent disciplinary action
involving the employee;
- A statement that the agreement was voluntarily entered into by the
employee and the agency; and
- Signatures of the employee and the manager/supervisor.
## **XII. DELIVERY OF LETTERS AND AGREEMENTS** {#xii.-delivery-of-letters-and-agreements .unnumbered}
> When practical, all letters of proposal, decision, and reprimand
> should be delivered personally and read or explained to the employee.
> A letter shall be written in a manner that is as clear as possible so
> that the employee will understand its meaning and impact. An attempt
> should be made to have the employee acknowledge receipt in writing on
> a copy of the notice. In cases where it is difficult or impossible to
> reach the employee in person, the notice should be transmitted by
> certified mail, with a return receipt requested, and a copy sent via
> first class mail. As an option, notices can be delivered by a process
> server. All letters of decision must be delivered to the employee at
> or before the time the action becomes effective.
> An employee should be given a copy of his/her AD Agreement as soon as
> all parties sign.
######## XIII. RECORDING AND MAINTAINING ACTIONS {#xiii.-recording-and-maintaining-actions .unnumbered}
A. [Employee Relations Case Files]{.underline}. Case files are retained
by the Employee Relations staff. Files include copies of the letter
of proposed action, the written reply, if submitted, the oral reply
summary, as applicable, the decision letter, AD agreements, and any
supporting material. A record should also be made of the
circumstances of each case, including the date of delivery of
notices and the sequence of any pertinent events. See Personnel
Letter 293-1, Employee Relations Case Files.
B. [Background Records]{.underline}. The background records of actions
(excluding the SF 50, Notice of Personnel Action) are not filed in
the OPF. They are kept in a separate file that is incorporated in
the appeal or grievance file if the employee appeals or grieves the
action.
C. [Admonishments]{.underline}. If the supervisor admonishes an
employee in writing or writes a memorandum confirming the substance
of an oral admonishment, a copy shall be furnished to the employee.
Memorandums of admonishment shall not be filed in the OPF.
D. [Letters of Reprimand]{.underline}. A copy of the letter of
reprimand shall be filed in the OPF for a period not to exceed 1
year, or until the employee leaves the department, whichever is
earlier, or it may be removed earlier whenever the official issuing
the reprimand so directs. The Employee Relations staff will track
letters of reprimand, and remove them from OPFs during the month and
year they expire. Once removed, the OPF copies will be destroyed.
E. [Permanent Records]{.underline}. The SF 50, Notice of Personnel
Action, recording an adverse action or a suspension of 14 days or
less, is maintained as a permanent record in the employee\'s OPF.
F. [Alternative Discipline Agreements]{.underline}. Agreements are
filed on the left side of the OPF for the term specified in the
agreement. If the AD agreement imposes some form of formal
disciplinary action, records of these actions will be maintained in
accordance with the instructions in this section, above. If the
agreement provides that records are to be maintained in a manner
other than as described in this section, the provisions of the
agreement will be controlling.
######## XIV. OFFICIAL TIME {#xiv.-official-time .unnumbered}
An employee who is issued a notice of proposed disciplinary action shall
be given a reasonable amount of official time to review the material
relied on to support the action, to prepare an answer, and to secure
affidavits, if he/she is otherwise in an active duty status.
A reasonable amount of official time may be granted by an employee's
supervisor/manager, at his/her discretion, to prepare and present
information during the AD agreement process. If the supervisor/manager
has decided not to offer or agree to AD, approval of official time to
pursue this option is not allowable.
######## XV. REPRESENTATION {#xv.-representation .unnumbered}
Employees who have received a notice of proposed disciplinary action are
entitled to be represented by an attorney or other representative and
may be accompanied by an attorney or representative when making an oral
reply to the notice, or when discussing AD in lieu of the proposed
disciplinary action. If an employee of the department is selected as a
representative and that person is willing to serve, the
representative\'s manager, acting independently or in concert with the
manager of the selecting employee, may disallow the employee\'s choice
on the basis that the:
- Individual's activities as a representative would cause a
conflict-of-interest or position;
- Release of the employee from his/her official position would give
rise to unreasonable costs to the Government; or
- Individual's priority work assignments preclude his/her release from
official duties.
These provisions do not apply if the representative is a bargaining unit
representative.
**XVI. APPEALS AND GRIEVANCES**
A. [Reprimands and Suspensions of 14 Days or Less]{.underline}. Letters
of reprimand and suspension of 14 days or less are grievable under
the appropriate negotiated grievance procedure. If there is no
applicable negotiated procedure, then the provisions of Personnel
Letter 771-1, Administrative Grievance Procedures, apply. The time
limits in these procedures must be strictly followed.
B. [Adverse Actions]{.underline}. Suspensions of more than 14 days,
demotions, and removals may be appealed to the Merit Systems
Protection Board by:
- Competitive service employees not serving a probationary or trial
period;
- Preference eligibles in the excepted service with 1 year or more of
continuous service in the same or similar position; and
- Employees in the excepted service other than preference eligibles,
who are not serving a probationary or trial period under an initial
appointment pending conversion to the competitive service, or who
have completed 2 years of current continuous service in the same or
similar job/position other than a temporary appointment limited to 2
years or less.
As an alternative, bargaining unit employees may grieve such matters
through the negotiated grievance procedure, if the procedure does not
preclude such grievances.
C. [Alternative Discipline Agreements]{.underline}. In AD agreements,
employees waive the right to dispute the action (and any identified
related matters) in any forum.
Godfrey C. Beckett
Manager, Human Resources, Diversity & EEO
3 Attachments:
Appendix A -- Guidance for Selecting Corrective Action
Appendix B -- Procedures for Approving Paid Non-Duty Status
Appendix C -- Oral Reply Guide
**APPENDIX A**
**[GUIDANCE FOR SELECTING CORRECTIVE ACTION]{.underline}**
This Appendix consists of two main sections: 1) *Factors to Consider in
Deciding an Adverse Action*, and 2) *Corrective Action Guide*. The
Appendix provides general guidance for determining appropriate
corrective action. It is not intended to replace supervisory/managerial
judgment or dictate the selection of corrective actions. **[Mechanical
use of this guidance must be avoided]{.underline}*.***
The *Factors to Consider in Deciding an Adverse Action* consists
primarily of considerations initially identified in the Merit Systems
Protection Board decision, Douglas vs. Veterans Administration (1981).
The *Corrective Action Guide* is a general guide for determining
appropriate corrective action for a variety of offenses. Many of the
common offenses of regulations and conduct are listed and explained. The
Guide is not intended to list all potential situations requiring
corrective action. It does not dictate the specific corrective action to
be assessed in a particular situation. It reflects the relative severity
of various offenses and establishes the range within which corrective
actions usually fall.
As indicated in the text of this Personnel Letter (i.e., Personnel
Letter 752-1), BPA follows an approach called "progressive discipline."
A progression of corrective actions means the application of
increasingly more severe corrective actions as the employee continues to
breach the employment relationship. It is not necessary to establish
that prior offenses of regulation or conduct under consideration were of
the same nature as the current offense in order to progress with
discipline.
Prior to selecting a corrective action, supervisors/managers must seek
assistance and guidance from the Employee Relations staff.
######## A. [Factors to Consider in Deciding an Adverse Action]{.underline}[^2] {#a.-factors-to-consider-in-deciding-an-adverse-action .unnumbered}
After careful, thorough, and impartial review of the entire suspension
or adverse action file, the deciding official determines, with
**assistance from the Employee Relations staff**:
- **Did the misconduct occur?** Did the employee commit the acts
outlined in the reasons and specifications (i.e., are the reasons
and specifications supported by a preponderance of the evidence)?
- **Is there a nexus to the efficiency of the service?** An action
taken against an employee for misconduct must promote the efficiency
of the service. If the misconduct occurred on the job, there is
generally a presumed nexus (i.e., rational connection). If off-duty
misconduct is reasonably expected to interfere with the ability of
the person to function in his/her position or if it interferes with
the agency's ability to discharge its responsibilities, there may be
a nexus to the efficiency of the service.
- **What is the appropriate penalty for the misconduct?** What
particular penalty is appropriate insofar as it will serve to
promote the efficiency of the service? Review the entire guidance in
this Appendix, including the *Corrective Action Guide*, below.
Mitigating factors must be considered and the deciding official must
conclude that the penalty is appropriate. Factors include any raised
by the employee or the employee's representative, as well as any of
the following (known as the "Douglas Factors") that may be
pertinent.
With assistance from the Employee Relations staff, consider information
relevant to the following **"Douglas** factors." It is highly
recommended that discussion of any significant considerations be
included in the proposal and decision letters. Not all factors apply in
every case. One or more factors may outweigh all others in some
situations. Other factors that are related to the case, but not listed
below, may also be considered in determining the appropriate penalty.
The Employee Relations staff will provide assistance in documenting any
considerations in the proposal and decision letters.
1\. The nature and seriousness of the offense, and its relation to the
employee's duties, position, and responsibilities, including whether the
offense is intentional or technical or inadvertent, or was committed
maliciously or for gain, or was frequently repeated;
2\. The employee's job level and type of employment, including
supervisory or fiduciary role, contacts with the public, and prominence
of the position;
3\. The employee's past disciplinary record;
4\. The employee's past work record, including length of service,
performance on the job, ability to get along with fellow workers, and
dependability;
5\. The effect of the offense upon the employee's ability to perform at
a satisfactory level and its effect upon supervisors' confidence in the
employee's ability to perform assigned duties;
6\. Consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other employees
for the same or similar offenses;
7\. The notoriety of the offense or its impact upon the reputation of
the agency;
8\. The clarity with which the employee was on notice of any rules that
were violated in committing the offense or had been warned about the
conduct in question;
9\. Potential for the employee's rehabilitation;
10\. Mitigating circumstances surrounding the offense such as unusual
job tensions, personality problems, mental impairment, harassment, or
bad faith, malice or provocation on the part of others involved in the
matter; and
11\. The adequacy and effectiveness of alternative sanctions to deter
such conduct in the future by the employee or others.
######### Corrective Action Guide {#corrective-action-guide .unnumbered}
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| * | ####### **C | ##### | |
| *N | ause** {#cause .unnumbered} | Action {#actio | |
| o. | | n .unnumbered} | |
| ** | | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| | | ###### **Fi | ###### **Su |
| | | rst Offense** | bsequent Offen |
| | | {#first-offens | se(s)** {#subs |
| | | e .unnumbered} | equent-offense |
| | | | s .unnumbered} |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 1. | Delay or failure to carry | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | out assigned work or | 5-Day | Removal |
| | supervisory instruction in | Suspension | |
| | a reasonable period of | | |
| | time. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 2. | Refusal to comply with | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| | proper orders; disregard of | Removal | Suspension to |
| | directives or insolence. | | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 3. | Unauthorized absence from | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| | work. | 10-Day | Suspension to |
| | | Suspension | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 4. | Failure to follow leave | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| | approval procedures. | 10-Day | Suspension to |
| | | Suspension | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 5. | Loafing or sleeping on | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | duty: | 5-Day | Removal |
| | | Suspension | |
| | a. When hazard to | | 5-Day |
| | personnel or property | Reprimand to | Suspension to |
| | is not acute or when no | Removal | Removal |
| | injury or loss is | | |
| | involved. | | |
| | | | |
| | b. When hazard to | | |
| | personnel or property | | |
| | is acute or when there | | |
| | has been injury or | | |
| | significant loss. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 6. | Careless work or negligence | Reprimand | Reprimand to |
| | (exclusive of Cause 7). | | Removal |
| | | Reprimand to | |
| | When consequences are | 14-Day | Reprimand to |
| | extreme, an attempt is made | Suspension | Removal |
| | to conceal defective work | | |
| | or there is an unauthorized | | |
| | attempt to remove or | | |
| | destroy work. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 7. | Careless work resulting in | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | possible or actual minimal | 5-Day | Removal |
| | damage to property and | Suspension | |
| | minor disruption of | | Reprimand to |
| | mission. | Reprimand to | Removal |
| | | Removal | |
| | When possible or actual | | |
| | major damage to property is | | |
| | involved with significant | | |
| | mission disruption or | | |
| | possible or actual danger | | |
| | to the lives or well being | | |
| | of other employees. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 8. | Loss or, damage to, or | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | possession, or destruction | Removal | Removal |
| | of property, records, or | | |
| | information. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 9. | Theft, actual, or | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | attempted. | Removal | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 10 | Misrepresentation, | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | falsification, | Removal | Removal |
| | exaggeration, or | | |
| | concealment of material | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | fact in connection with any | Removal | Removal |
| | official document; or | | |
| | withholding of material | | |
| | facts in connection with | | |
| | matters under official | | |
| | investigation. | | |
| | | | |
| | Failure to cooperate in an | | |
| | official administrative | | |
| | investigation or | | |
| | fact-finding. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 11 | Rude, boisterous play which | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | adversely affects | 14-Day | Removal |
| | production, discipline, or | Suspension | |
| | morale. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 12 | Use of abusive or offensive | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | language; quarreling or | 14-Day | Removal |
| | inciting to quarrel; or | Suspension | |
| | interfering with the | | |
| | production of others. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 13 | Fighting, threatening, or | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | inflicting bodily harm on | Removal | Removal |
| | another, hitting, pushing | | |
| | or other acts against | | |
| | another; physical | | |
| | resistance to competent | | |
| | authority or indecent or | | |
| | immoral conduct. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 14 | Gambling during working | Reprimand | Reprimand to |
| . | hours or while on | | Removal |
| | Government premises. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 15 | Operating, assisting in or | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| . | promoting a gambling | Removal | Suspension to |
| | activity while on duty or | | Removal |
| | on Government premises. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 16 | Unauthorized possession, | Reprimand to | Removal |
| . | use, or distribution of | Removal | |
| | drugs or intoxicants. | | 5-Day |
| | | Reprimand to | Suspension to |
| | a. Selling, providing or | Removal | Removal |
| | possessing any illegal | | |
| | drug while on | | |
| | Government property or | | |
| | while on official duty. | | |
| | | | |
| | b. Selling other | | |
| | intoxicants or drugs | | |
| | while on Government | | |
| | property or while on | | |
| | duty. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 17 | Being impaired by | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| . | intoxicants while on duty. | Removal | Suspension to |
| | Note 1 | | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 18 | Failure to honor valid | Reprimand | Reprimand to |
| . | debts or legal obligations. | | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 19 | Making false, unfounded, or | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| . | highly irresponsible | Removal | Suspension to |
| | statements against other | | Removal |
| | employees, supervisors, | | |
| | other officials, or | | |
| | subordinates. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 20 | Any action or failure to | Reprimand to | 10-Day |
| . | take action based on race, | Removal | Suspension to |
| | color, religion, sex | | Removal |
| | (including sexual | 5-Day | |
| | harassment), age, or | Suspension to | 14-Day |
| | national origin of an | Removal | Suspension to |
| | employee, former employee, | | Removal |
| | or applicant which affects | | |
| | his/her rights, privileges, | | |
| | benefits, dignity, and | | |
| | equality of economic | | |
| | opportunity. Consider | | |
| | circumstances and the | | |
| | effect on the person | | |
| | discriminated against, use | | |
| | of abusive language, | | |
| | violent treatment, or | | |
| | insulting demeanor. | | |
| | | | |
| | If the discriminatory | | |
| | practice was deliberate. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 21 | Engaging in a prohibited | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | personnel practice (see | Removal | Removal |
| | Title 5, U.S.C., Section | | |
| | 2302), other than that | | |
| | described in Cause 20. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 22 | Harassing behavior that | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | falls under the definition | Removal | Removal |
| | of Harassment in BPA's | | |
| | Harassment-Free Workplace | | |
| | Policy, other than that | | |
| | described in Cause 20. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 23 | Use of abusive or offensive | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | language toward a | Removal | Removal |
| | subordinate; baiting or | | |
| | otherwise inciting a | 2-Day | 5-Day |
| | subordinate to violate | Suspension to | Suspension to |
| | rules or regulations; | Removal | Removal |
| | coercion in deprivation of | | |
| | an employee's rights; or | | |
| | reprisal for employment of | | |
| | appellate procedure. | | |
| | | | |
| | If violation was | | |
| | deliberate. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 24 | Compromise or discredit of | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | examination materials or | Removal | Removal |
| | process. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 25 | Unauthorized release of | Reprimand to | 14-Day |
| . | proprietary and/or | Removal | Suspension to |
| | confidential information. | | Removal |
| | | 14-Day | |
| | When release of information | Suspension to | Removal |
| | is intentional. | Removal | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 26 | Allowing unauthorized | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | persons into | 14-Day | Removal |
| | business-sensitive areas. | Suspension | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 27 | Discourteous conduct to the | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| . | public. | 5-Day | Suspension to |
| | | Suspension | Removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 28 | Failure to work in a safe | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| . | manner and to use required | 5-Day | Suspension to |
| | safety equipment or failure | Suspension | Removal |
| | to carry out safety | | |
| | responsibilities (exclusive | Reprimand to | 5-Day |
| | of Cause 7). | Removal | Suspension to |
| | | | Removal |
| | Directing a subordinate to | | |
| | work in an unsafe manner. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 29 | A verified positive test | Reprimand to | Removal (for |
| . | result to a drug test | Removal | 2^nd^ Offense) |
| | administered under | | |
| | Department of Energy | | |
| | Authority for use of | | |
| | illegal drugs, or refusal | | |
| | to submit to urine analysis | | |
| | for drug testing. Note 2 | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 30 | A verified positive for use | Reprimand to | Removal (for |
| . | of alcohol or refusal to | Removal | 2^nd^ Offense) |
| | submit to alcohol testing | | |
| | under Department of | | |
| | Transportation's alcohol | | |
| | testing regulations | | |
| | covering safety-sensitive | | |
| | employees in commercial | | |
| | transportation. Note 3 | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 31 | Misuse or unauthorized use | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | of official time, vehicles, | Removal | Removal |
| | funds and/or property: | | |
| | | 30-Day | 30-Day |
| | a. Non-willful misuse of | Suspension to | Suspension to |
| | official vehicles | Removal | Removal |
| | (e.g., repeated | | |
| | violation of traffic | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| | regulations or | Removal | Removal |
| | administrative | | |
| | regulations). | 10-Day | Removal |
| | | Suspension to | |
| | b. Willful misuse of | Removal | |
| | official vehicles. | | |
| | | | |
| | c. Misuse of Government | | |
| | property (not including | | |
| | official vehicles), | | |
| | funds, or official | | |
| | time. | | |
| | | | |
| | d. Misuse of Government | | |
| | property, funds, or | | |
| | official time for | | |
| | personal gain. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 32 | Other violations of | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | Standards of Ethical | Removal | Removal |
| | Conduct (including Part I | | |
| | of Executive Order 12674 or | | |
| | 5 CFR 2635. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 33 | Misuse of Federal | Reprimand to | 5-day |
| . | Government issued Travel | 5-day | suspension to |
| | Card | suspension | removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 34 | Misuse of Federal | 5-day | 14-day |
| . | Government Purchase Card or | suspension to | suspension to |
| | non-travel credit card | removal | removal |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| 35 | Failure to advise | Reprimand to | Reprimand to |
| . | management when employee | Removal | Removal |
| | has been medically | | |
| | diagnosed as having a | | |
| | highly contagious illness | | |
| | (e.g., tuberculosis, | | |
| | meningitis, hepatitis "A", | | |
| | etc.) and employee's | | |
| | presence in BPA workplace | | |
| | could seriously affect the | | |
| | health of others. | | |
+----+-----------------------------+----------------+----------------+
NOTES:
1\. If allegations charging such conduct are supported by a verified
positive drug test administered under DOE authority, procedures and
penalties cited under Cause 28 shall be applied. If allegations charging
such conduct are supported by a verified positive alcohol test
administered under Department of Transportation regulations, procedures
and penalties cited under Cause 29 shall be applied.
2\. An employee having a verified positive test result for use of an
illegal drug must be relieved of sensitive duties until cleared for
return by appropriate authorities. Such employees may be issued a notice
of removal from employment if he/she cannot be retained in his/her
position because of a specific job requirement to perform such sensitive
duties and there is no alternate work assignment available. A \"Verified
Positive Test Result\" means a test result that has been screened
positive by a Food and Drug Administration approved immunoassay test,
confirmed by a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Assay, or other
confirmatory test approved by the Department of Health and Human
Services, and evaluated by a Medical Review Officer.
For further guidance on personnel actions concerning employee
involvement in the use of illegal drugs, see Order DOE 3792.3, Drug-Free
Federal Work Place Testing Implementation Program, found in BPA Manual
Chapter 400/792C, Drug-Free Work Place.
3\. A confirmed test result of more than 0.02 alcohol concentration will
result in the employee being removed from safety-sensitive functions and
disciplinary action being proposed based upon misuse or abuse of alcohol
and violation of Department of Transportation regulations. For further
guidance on personnel actions concerning alcohol testing of employees
covered by Department of Transportation's alcohol testing regulations,
see 49 CFR, Part 382, and Personnel Letter 793-1, Alcohol Testing
Implementation Plan.
#### **APPENDIX B** {#appendix-b .unnumbered}
##### PROCEDURES FOR APPROVING PAID NON-DUTY STATUS {#procedures-for-approving-paid-non-duty-status .unnumbered}
##### WITHOUT CHARGE TO EMPLOYEES DUE TO PENDING {#without-charge-to-employees-due-to-pending .unnumbered}
##### ADVERSE ACTIONS AND OTHER SITUATIONS {#adverse-actions-and-other-situations .unnumbered}
The following procedures are used when an organization wishes to place
an employee in a paid, non-duty status.
1. [When An Adverse Action (e.g., Removal, Demotion, or Suspension of
14 or More Days) Has Been Proposed]{.underline}:
> A. The manager informs the Employee Relations staff in Personnel
> Services of the situation, ideally before it becomes a problem. If,
> after discussing the issue with the Employee Relations staff,
> management wishes to pursue placing an employee in a paid, non-duty
> status for such time is necessary to decide on the adverse action, a
> written request must be processed.
>
> B. The written request is initiated by the manager having authority to
> propose the adverse action and sent to the Manager for Human
> Resources, Diversity, and EEO, through the Employee Relations staff,
> for concurrence.
>
> C. The request must address the following:
>
> \(1\) Other alternatives that were considered (e.g., assigning the
> employee to different work or to a different work station, temporary
> work at home, etc.) but not used, and why they were not viable
> options;
>
> \(2\) Any action(s) already taken and the outcome(s);
>
> \(3\) Any medical documentation the employee or management has
> regarding the matter; and
>
> \(4\) Any notice the employee has been given addressing the matter.
>
> D. Within 1 business day of receipt, the Employee Relations staff will
> forward its recommendation to the Manager for Human Resources,
> Diversity, and EEO, who will act on the request promptly
>
> E. Following concurrence, the employee may be placed in a paid,
> non-duty status at the time the notice of proposed action is issued.
>
> F. Should the period of paid, non-duty status run significantly longer
> than 30 calendar days, the advisability of continuing that status
> should be discussed with the Employee Relations staff every 30
> calendar days.
2. [When No Adverse Action Has Been Proposed]{.underline}.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A. Managers have delegated authority (unless retained at a higher level
in accordance with the policy of any line organization) to place an
employee in a paid, non-duty status when:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
(1) The employee's actual behavior has seriously and negatively impacted
the workplace and the employee's continued presence is likely to
aggravate the situation; or
> \(2\) The manager has a reasonable belief that the employee may
> exhibit behavior that will seriously and negatively impact the
> workplace
>
> B. This authority is limited to a maximum of three consecutive
> workdays, should be exercised only when other alternatives are not
> viable (see paragraph 1.C.1.), and may be exercised only after
> consultation with the Employee Relations staff. If prior consultation
> is not practical, the manager shall consult with the Employee
> Relations staff as soon as possible after the exercise of this
> authority.
>
> C. Once exercised, the authority may be extended beyond three
> consecutive workdays only after the prior verbal approval of the
> Manager for Human Resources, Diversity, and EEO is obtained (again,
> through the Employee Relations staff, and which may involve a meeting
> of the Crisis Intervention Team-- see Personnel Letter 752-2, Guidance
> on Violent and Threatening Behavior in the Work Place). Under no
> circumstances may the period of absence granted under this paragraph
> extend beyond that needed to initiate appropriate administrative
> action.
>
> D. Managers also have delegated authority to place an employee in a
> paid, non-duty status when there is reason to suspect, that the
> employee has a highly contagious illness (e.g., tuberculosis,
> meningitis, hepatitis "A", etc.) for which the employee's presence in
> the BPA workplace could seriously affect the health of others. This
> authority should be exercised only after consultation with BPA's
> Medical Program Manager. This authority is intended to be limited to
> the duration needed in order to medically document whether the
> employee has such a highly contagious medical condition. (Note: If the
> employee does not cooperate in providing such documentation, Employee
> Relations staff should be contacted for advice.) If the employee is
> confirmed to have such a highly contagious illness, the employee
> should be encouraged to use available leave or request leave without
> pay until a medical certificate releasing the employee to duty is
> provided to BPA; if the employee insists on being in a duty status,
> either in the absence of, or in violation of, a medical release
> certification, Employee Relations staff must be contacted immediately
> to determine the appropriate course of action.
#### **APPENDIX C** {#appendix-c .unnumbered}
##### ORAL REPLY GUIDE {#oral-reply-guide .unnumbered}
A. **Purpose of Oral Reply**
Oral reply proceedings are primarily for the purpose of affording
the employee an opportunity to make an oral plea that he/she
believes may sway the decision in his/her favor.
The right of personal reply does not entitle employees to an
adversary-type hearing, nor does it contemplate confrontation of
witnesses. Oral reply proceedings will be conducted in an informal
and orderly manner. They are not hearings and should not be allowed
to develop into hearing-type or adversary-type proceedings. BPA does
not present or argue its case. Judicial procedures and rules of
evidence do not apply and only those persons who have a connection
with the case, as determined by the Oral Reply/Deciding Official,
will be admitted.
The employee and/or representative will be permitted to present the
case freely, and will have the right to furnish any additional
affidavits in support of the case. During the proceedings, the Oral
Reply/Deciding Official will take whatever action is necessary to
ensure an orderly, expeditious, and equitable presentation by the
employee and/or representative.
######## Oral Reply Proceeding
Oral Reply/Deciding Official (with assistance from the Employee
Relations staff, as needed) will:
1\. Introduce the parties present (e.g., an Employee Relations
Specialist is present in order to answer any technical questions about
the procedure and to prepare a written summary of the oral reply
presentation for the file).
2\. Explain that the purpose of the oral reply is to provide the
employee an opportunity to personally respond to the reasons for the
proposed action, and to state his/her thoughts and position in regard
thereto.
3\. Explain the functions of the Oral Reply/Deciding Official:
a. To serve as presiding officer, and to assure an equitable, orderly,
and expeditious proceeding.
b. To assure that full facts are developed, and that the employee is
permitted to make any representations believed to be appropriate.
c. To review the entire case file, including affidavits introduced, and
representations made at these proceedings.
d. To make a final decision.
4\. Proceed with the oral reply.
5\. During presentation of the employee's oral reply:
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<!-- -->
```
a. Encourage the employee and/or representative to speak freely and to
present any and all information they feel will affect the decision.
b. Elicit information at any point in the presentation, which is
necessary for a full exposition of the employee's case.
c. Guard against posing questions, which may reflect evaluative
judgments.
6\. Close the oral reply proceedings.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
a. At this point, attempt to clarify those areas that may still remain
unclear.
b. Inform the employee and/or representative that the key points of
their presentation will be summarized for the file.
c. Inform the employee and/or representative that the final decision
will be made and furnished in writing to the employee and/or
representative.
d. Ask the employee and/or representative if they feel they had a full
and fair opportunity to make their oral presentation.
[^1]: See Personnel Letter 432-1, Taking Action Based on Unacceptable
Performance.
[^2]: See definition of adverse action in Section V of this Personnel
Letter.
| en |
converted_docs | 766397 | **U.S. Department of Health and Human Services**
**Health Resources and Services Administration**
Bureau of Health Professions
Division of Health Careers Diversity & Development (DHCDD)
***CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE (COE)***
*HRSA 06-021*
**Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) No. 93.157**
**PROGRAM GUIDANCE**
Fiscal Year 2006
**Application Due Date: JANUARY 26, 2006**
**Release Date: *November 4*, 2005**
**Date of Issuance*: November 4*, 2005**
Contact: Commander Jeanean D. Willis, DPM
Project Officer, Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development
Phone: (301) 443 - 4494
Fax: (301) 443-4943
Authority: Public Law (P.L.) 105-392, Title VII Section 736 of the
Public Health Service Act (Educational Assistance in the Health
Professions Regarding Individuals from Disadvantaged Backgrounds)
***Guidance Table of Contents***
[I. FUNDING OPPORTUNITY
DESCRIPTION...................................................
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201452)
[***1.) Purpose*** 1](#Funding_purpose)
[***2.) Background*** 1](#Funding_purpose)
[II. AWARD INFORMATION 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201459)
[***1.) Type of Award*** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201460)
[***2.) Summary of Funding*** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201461)
[IiI. ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201462)
[***1.) Eligible Applicants*** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201463)
[***2.) Cost Sharing/Matching*** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201464)
[***3.) Other*** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201465)
[IV. APPLICATION AND SUBMISSION INFORMATION
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201467)
[***1.) Address to Request Application Package***
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201468)
[**Application Materials** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201469)
[***2.) Content and Form of Application Submission***
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201470)
[**Application Format Requirements** 7](#__RefHeading___Toc83201471)
[**Application Format** 8](#refheading___toc83201472)
[**i.) Application Face Page** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201473)
[**ii.) Application Table of Contents** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201474)
[**iii.) Application Checklist** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201475)
[**iv.) Budget** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201476)
**v.) Budget
Justification**............................................................................................11
[**vi.) Staffing Plan and Personnel Requirements**
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201478)
[**vii.) Assurances** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201479)
[**viii.) Certifications and Other Requirements**
1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201481)
[**ix.) Project Abstract** 1](#__RefHeading___Toc83201483)
[**x.) Program Narrative** 13](#__RefHeading___Toc83201484)
**xi.)
Appendix**.....................................................................................................20
[***3.) Submission Dates and Times*** 20](#__RefHeading___Toc83201492)
[***4.) Intergovernmental Review*** 21](#__RefHeading___Toc83201494)
[***5.) Funding Restrictions*** 21](#__RefHeading___Toc83201495)
[***6.) Other Submission Requirements***
21](#__RefHeading___Toc83201496)
[V. APPLICATION REVIEW INFORMATION 21](#__RefHeading___Toc83201499)
[***1.) Review Criteria*** 21](#__RefHeading___Toc83201500)
[***2.) Review and Selection Process*** 28](#__RefHeading___Toc83201508)
[***3.) Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates***
28](#__RefHeading___Toc83201509)
[VI. AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION 28](#__RefHeading___Toc83201510)
[***1.) Award Notices*** 28](#__RefHeading___Toc83201511)
[***2.) Administrative and National Policy Requirements***
28](#__RefHeading___Toc83201512)
[***3.) Reporting*** 29](#refheading___toc83201514)
**4.) Performance
Review..............................................................................**.29
[VII. AGENCY CONTACTS 30](#__RefHeading___Toc83201515)
[VIII. OTHER INFORMATION 32](#__RefHeading___Toc83201516)
[IX. TIPS FOR WRITING A STRONG APPLICATION
37](#refheading___toc83201520)
[x. appendix 39](#__RefHeading___Toc83201521)
[***HRSA Training Grant Application Forms***
39](#__RefHeading___Toc83201522)
[***Form 6025-1*** 40](#form-6025-1)
[***Form 6025-2*** 43](#refheading___toc83201527)
[***Form 6025-3*** 44](#__RefHeading___Toc83201533)
[***COE Specific Suggested Templates*** 46](#__RefHeading___Toc83201536)
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201452 .anchor}[I. FUNDING OPPORTUNITY
DESCRIPTION]{.underline}
[]{#Funding_purpose .anchor}
Purpose
The "Health Professions Education Partnerships Act of 1998" P.L. 105-392
reauthorized and amended Title VII section 736(b) of the PHS Act
(Educational Assistance in the Health Professions Regarding Individuals
from Disadvantaged Backgrounds), generally known as the Centers of
Excellence program, hereafter referred to as COE. The amended
legislation provided changes that required institutions to provide
faculty development training, community service opportunities for
trainees, and health services to underserved communities.
The Centers of Excellence (COE) serve as innovative resource and
education centers to recruit, train, and retain Under Represented
Minority (URM) students and faculty at health professions schools. They
carry out activities to improve information resources, clinical
education, curricula and cultural competence as they relate to minority
health issues. The COEs also focus on facilitating faculty and student
research on health issues particularly affecting URM groups. The
ultimate goal of the program is to strengthen the national capacity to
produce a culturally competent healthcare workforce whose diversity is
representative of the U.S. population.
**[The Specific Goals of the COE are to demonstrate]{.underline}:**
- Institutional commitment to URM populations with a focus on minority
health issues and eliminating health disparities.
```{=html}
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```
- Innovative methods to strengthen or expand educational programs to
enhance academic performance of URM students of the school.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Cultural competence of health professions educators, students, and
graduates of the health profession school.
- Models of URM faculty development and retention, multicultural
curricula, and faculty and student research as it relates to
minority health issues.
**[COE Legislative Requirements]{.underline}**
Applicants should address **[each]{.underline}** of the following six
legislative requirements.
1. **Student Performance:** To establish, strengthen, or expand
programs to enhance the academic performance of URM students
attending the school.
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<!-- -->
```
2. **Faculty Development:** To improve the capacity of such schools to
train, recruit, and retain URM faculty including payment of such
stipends and fellowships as the Secretary may determine is
appropriate.
3. **Information Resources,** **Clinical Education, Curricula, and
Cultural Competence:** To carry out activities to improve the
information resources, clinical education, curricula and cultural
competence of the graduates as they relate to minority health
issues.
> 4\. **Faculty/Student Research:** To facilitate faculty and student
> research on health issues particularly affecting URM groups, including
> research on issues relating to the delivery of health care.
>
> 5\. **Student Training in Providing Health Care Services:** To carry
> out a program that trains students of the school in providing health
> care services to a significant number of URMs at community-based
> health facilities that provide health care services and are located at
> a site away from the main teaching facilities of the school.
6. **Competitive Applicant Pool:** To develop a large competitive
applicant pool through linkages with institutions of higher
education, local school districts, and other community-based
entities and establish an educational pipeline for health
professions careers.
2.) Background
The Centers of Excellence program is designated to support programs of
excellence in health professions education for Under Represented
Minority (URM) individuals in designated health professions schools. URM
is defined as racial and ethnic populations who are under-represented in
the designated health profession discipline relative to the number of
individuals who are members of the population involved. This definition
would include Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska
Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino,
and any Asian **[other than]{.underline}** Chinese, Filipino, Japanese,
Korean, Asian Indian or Thai.
Designated health professions schools, under Section 736 of the Public
Health Service Act, include such schools that meet the required general
conditions regarding: a.) certain Historically Black Colleges and
Universities, b.) Hispanic individuals, c) Native American Individuals,
and d) enrollment of URM above the national average for such enrollments
of health professions schools (see Eligibility and General Conditions).
The COE grants and contracts may also be used for other public and
nonprofit health or educational entities for the purpose of assisting
the schools in supporting programs of excellence in health professions
education for URM students.
The COE Program was established to be a catalyst for institutionalizing
a commitment to URM students and faculty and to serve as a national
resource and educational center for diversity and minority health
issues.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201459 .anchor}[II. AWARD
INFORMATION]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201460 .anchor}1.) Type of Award
Funding will be provided in the form of a 3-year grant.
**Please note: [COE funds at the health professions school are limited
to one discipline per grant]{.underline}.**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201461 .anchor}2.) Summary of Funding
Program will provide funding during Federal fiscal years 2006 -2008.
Approximately \$15,542,630 is expected to be available yearly to fund 11
new grantees. Funding beyond first year is dependent on the availability
of appropriated funds for the Centers of Excellence Program in FY 2007,
grantee satisfactory performance, and a decision that funding is in the
best interest of the Federal government.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201462 .anchor}[IiI. ELIGIBILITY
INFORMATION]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201463 .anchor}**1.) Eligible Applicants**
Eligible applicants are accredited allopathic schools of medicine,
osteopathic medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, or graduate programs in
behavioral or mental health, or other public and nonprofit health or
educational entities including faith-based and community organizations
that meet the requirements of section 736(c) of the PHS Act, as amended.
See minimum student enrollment requirements under "Designations of
Centers of Excellence."
**Due to the limited numbers of URM students enrolled in graduate
programs in marriage and family therapy and professional counseling,
these programs are encouraged to form linkages with eligible COE
applicants. The purpose of these arrangements shall be to carry out
activities that will build the competitive pool of students applying and
obtaining admission to these programs.**
[The COE grant programs may operate only]{.underline} in the 50 States,
the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, the Republic of Palau, the Republic of the Marshall
Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia.
**Designations of Centers of Excellence:**
#### A.) Historically Black Colleges and Universities (Four Designated HBCUs):
#### Eligibility under this category is limited to certain accredited HBCUs as described in section 799B(1) of the PHS Act which received a contract under section 788B of the PHS Act (Advanced Financial Distress Assistance) for Fiscal Year l987 as such section was in effect for such fiscal year. The four designated schools are: Meharry School of Dentistry; Meharry School of Medicine; Tuskegee School of Veterinary Medicine; and Xavier School of Pharmacy. In addition to carrying out the legislative requirements of the COE, these designated institutions also may utilize the funds awarded for the following purposes:
- to develop a plan to achieve institutional improvements, including
financial independence, to enable the school to support programs of
excellence in health professions education for URM individuals; and
```{=html}
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```
- to provide improved access to the library and informational
resources of the school.
**These four designated HBCUs are encouraged to form linkages
(partnerships with other entities).** The purpose of the linkages is to
identify URM students who are interested in a health professions career
and to facilitate the educational preparation of students who
participated in enhancement programs at the undergraduate level or other
pre-admission programs.
#### B.) Hispanic COEs:
> Eligibility for this category **[requires]{.underline}** that a school
> give priority to carrying out the COE legislative requirements with
> respect to Hispanics. The following table specifies the minimum
> Hispanic student enrollment requirement for a school or graduate
> program to qualify as a Hispanic COE applicant.
####### **Health Professions Schools Eligibility for Hispanic Centers of Excellence**
---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
**Health Professions **Minimum \# of Hispanic Students
School** Enrolled\***
**Schools of Dentistry** **20**
**Allopathic Schools of **20**
Medicine**
**Osteopathic Schools of **20**
Medicine**
**Schools of Pharmacy** **20**
**Clinical Psychology** **20**
**Clinical/Medical Social **30**
Work**
---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
\*These numbers are derived from a comparison of health professions
schools and are determined based on Hispanic enrollment of the upper 20%
at such schools.
> In addition to meeting and [carrying out the legislative
> requirements]{.underline} on page 1, the health professions school
> **[will]{.underline}:**
- establish a linkage with one or more public or nonprofit
community-based Hispanic- serving organizations, or public or
nonprofit private institutions of higher education, including
schools of nursing, whose enrollment of students has traditionally
included a significant number of Hispanic individuals. The purpose
of the linkages is to carry out programs that identify Hispanic
students who are interested in a career in the health professions
involved, facilitate educational preparation to enter the health
professions school, recruit Hispanic students who participated in
enhancement programs at the undergraduate level or other
matriculation programs, and assist Hispanic students in completing
the educational requirements for a degree from a designated health
professions school.
#### C.) Native American Centers of Excellence:
> Eligibility for this category requires that a school
> **[should]{.underline}** give priority to carrying out the COE
> legislative requirements with respect to Native Americans. Applicants
> may form a consortium of schools that [collectively]{.underline} meet
> the Native American COE conditions without regard as to whether the
> schools individually meet such conditions.
>
> The following table specifies the minimum Native American student
> enrollment requirement for a school or graduate program to qualify as
> a Native American COE applicant.
######
###### Health Professions Schools Eligibility for Native American Center of Excellence
------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
**Health Professions **Minimum \# of Native American Students
School** Enrolled \***
**Schools of Dentistry** **6**
**Allopathic Schools of **8**
Medicine**
**Osteopathic Schools of **5**
Medicine**
**Schools of Pharmacy** **5**
**Clinical Psychology** **\*\***
**Clinical/ Medical **\*\***
Social Work**
------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
\*These numbers are derived from a comparison of health professions
schools and are determined based on Native American enrollment of the
upper 20% at such schools.
\*\* Due to the limited number of Native Americans enrolled in graduate
programs in
> clinical psychology and clinical social work, these programs are
> encouraged to address building a competitive applicant pool by linking
> with another eligible Native American COE applicant.
>
> In addition to meeting and [carrying out the legislative
> requirements]{.underline} on page 1, the health professions school
> **[should]{.underline} also agree to:**
- Establish a linkage with one or more public or nonprofit private
institutions of higher education, including schools of nursing,
whose enrollment of students has traditionally included a
significant number of Native American individuals, e.g., Tribal
Colleges and Universities. The purpose of the linkages is to carry
out programs that identify Native American students who are
interested in a career in the health professions involved,
facilitate the educational preparation to enter the health
professions school, recruit Native American students who have
participated in enhancement programs at the undergraduate level or
other matriculation programs, and assist Native American students
regarding the completion of the educational requirements for a
degree from a designated health professions school.
#### D.) "Other" Centers of Excellence:
Eligibility for this category **[requires]{.underline}** that a school
give priority to carrying out the duties of the COE legislative
requirements with respect to URMs. In addition, the applicant
**[must]{.underline}** have an enrollment of URMs [above the national
average]{.underline} for such enrollments of health professions schools.
**Applicants applying for the "Other" COE category are encouraged to
form appropriate linkages to carry out program requirements**.
> The following table specifies the minimum URM student enrollment
> requirement for a school or program to qualify as an "Other" COE
> applicant.
#######
####### **Health Professions Schools Eligibility for "Other" Center of Excellence**
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Health Professions | ###### Percent of URMs Enrolled\* |
| School** | |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Schools of Dentistry** | **11%** |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Allopathic Schools of | **13%** |
| Medicine** | |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Osteopathic Schools of | **8%** |
| Medicine** | |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Schools of Pharmacy** | **14%** |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Clinical Psychology** | **14%** |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Clinical Social Work** | **22%** |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
\* These percentages are based on the national average of the URM
population, per
designated health profession school, rounded up to the nearest whole
number.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201464 .anchor}2.)
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201465 .anchor} Cost Sharing/Matching
There are no Cost Sharing/Matching requirements for the Centers of
Excellence Program.
**3.) Other - Maintenance of Effort**
Grant funds shall not be used to supplant current funding for activities
described in the application. The grantee must agree to maintain
non-Federal funding for grant activities at a level, which is not less
than expenditures for such activities during the fiscal year prior to
receiving the grant. A Maintenance of Effort form is provided in this
application (COE Suggested Template D, pg 54).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201467 .anchor}[IV. APPLICATION AND SUBMISSION
INFORMATION]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201468 .anchor}1.) Address to Request
Application Package
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201469 .anchor}*Application Materials*
Applicants should submit proposals using the appropriate HRSA Training
Grant Application Forms 6025 and COE Suggested Templates included in
this guidance. These forms and templates contain additional instructions
for the grant application. These forms and suggested templates may also
be obtained by:
\(1\) Downloading from <http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/forms.htm>
**Or**
\(2\) Contacting the HRSA Grants Application Center at:
The Legin Group, Inc.
901 Russell Avenue, Suite 450
Gaithersburg, MD 20879
Telephone: 877-477-2123
<HRSAGAC@hrsa.gov>
Instructions for preparing portions of the application that should
accompany HRSA Training
Grant Application Forms appear in the "Application Format" section
below.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201470 .anchor}2.) Content and Form of
Application Submission
> ***Application Format Requirements***
>
> If applying on-line, the total size of all uploaded files **may not
> exceed the equivalent of 80 pages when printed by HRSA, approximately
> 10 MB.** **This 80-page limit includes the abstract, project and
> budget narratives, attachments, appendices and letters of commitment
> and support.**
>
> If applying on paper, **the entire application may not exceed 80 pages
> in length.** Pages must be numbered consecutively.
>
> **Applications, whether submitted on paper or electronically, that
> exceed the specified limits (80 pages or approximately 10 MB, or that
> exceed 80 pages when printed by HRSA) will be deemed non-compliant.
> All non-compliant applications will be returned to the applicant
> without further consideration.**
a. Number of Copies (Paper Applications only)
> []{.mark}
>
> Please submit one (1) original and two (2) unbound copies of the
> application.
>
> Please do not bind or staple the application. Application must be
> single sided.
b. Font
> []{.mark}
>
> Please use an easily readable serif typeface, such as Times Roman,
> Courier, or CG Times. The text portion of the application must be
> submitted in not less than 12 point and 1.0 line spacing. Applications
> not adhering to 12 point font requirements may be returned.
>
> []{.mark}
c. Paper Size and Margins
> For scanning purposes, please submit the application on 8 ½" x 11"
> white paper. Margins must be at least one (1) inch at the top, bottom,
> left and right of the paper. Please left-align text.
[]{.mark}
d. Numbering
> Please number the pages of the application sequentially from page 1
> (face page) to the end of the application, including charts, figures,
> tables, and appendices.
e. Names
> Please include the name of the applicant on each page.
f. Section Headings
> Please put all section headings flush left in bold type.
[]{#refheading___toc83201472 .anchor}*Application Format*
Applications for funding must consist of the following documents in the
following order:
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201473 .anchor}i.) Application Face Page
Use Form 6025-1 provided within HRSA Training Grant Application Forms
(pg 40), in the application package. Prepare this page according to
instructions provided on the form itself. For information pertaining to
the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, the Catalog of Federal
Domestic Assistance Number is 93.157.
**DUNS Number**
> All applicant organizations are required to have a Data Universal
> Numbering System (DUNS) number in order to apply for a grant from the
> Federal Government. The DUNS number is a unique nine-character
> identification number provided by the commercial company, Dun and
> Bradstreet. There is no charge to obtain a DUNS number. Information
> about obtaining a DUNS number can be found at
> [http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/preview/dunsccr.htm](http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/preview/dunsccr.htm )
> or call 1-866-705-5711. Please include the DUNS number next to the OMB
> Approval Number on the application face page. Applications ***will
> not*** be reviewed without a DUNS number.
>
> Additionally, the applicant organization will be required to register
> with the Federal Government's Central Contractor Registry (CCR) in
> order to do electronic business with the Federal Government.
> Information about registering with the CCR can be found at
> [http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/preview/dunsccr.htm](http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/preview/dunsccr.htm ).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201474 .anchor}ii.) Application Table of
Contents
Provide a Table of Contents for the **remainder** of the application
(including appendices), with page numbers (See COE Suggested Template A,
pg 46).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201475 .anchor}iii.) Application Checklist
Use application form provided with the application package (COE
Suggested Template B, pg 48).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201476 .anchor}iv.) Budget
Grant funds should be expended to support and expand program activities
that eliminate barriers to URM health professions education. Use
application form provided in the application package (HRSA Training
Grant Application Forms 6025-2 & 3, pg 43-45).
*[Detailed Budget]{.underline}*
The application must provide an itemized cost-effective budget (Training
Form 6025-2, pg 43), compatible with stated objectives, and a detailed
justification/rationale for each budget line item.
List the direct costs (trainee and non- trainee expenses*)* requested
for the **[initial twelve (12) month budget period]{.underline}**.
Provide additional details and narrative budget justifications on the
pages [immediately following]{.underline} the Detailed Budget Table**.
The Centers of Excellence Program request for support [may not exceed
three]{.underline} (3) [years]{.underline}.**
Identify the level of cash and/or in-kind support by the applicant in
assuming greater responsibility for costs and services associated with
the project. Detail any COE activities that have been institutionalized
by the applicant organization.
Non-federal funds and resources provided to the applicant by partners
and/or sponsors to carry out HCOP activities should also be identified.
*[Consolidated Budget]{.underline}*
With respect to [any]{.underline} Federal funds received by a Center of
Excellence and available for carrying out activities under the grant,
the applicant agrees that they will, before expending COE grant funds,
expend Federal funds obtained from sources other than this grant.
> Use HRSA Training Grant Application Form 6025-3 (page 44) to summarize
> budget data for all three years of support requested. Include totals
> for the entire project period in the last column. **[The COE support
> is limited to a 3-year project period]{.underline}.**
>
> **Indirect Costs** \-- Indirect costs are those costs incurred for
> common or joint objectives which cannot be readily identified but are
> necessary to the operations of the organization, e.g., the cost of
> operating and maintaining facilities, depreciation, and administrative
> salaries. Indirect costs may be requested at 8 percent of total
> allowable direct costs exclusive of tuition, fees, equipment and
> subcontract costs exceeding \$25,000 per subcontract or actual rate,
> whichever is less. State and local government agencies may request
> full indirect cost. If an organization applying for assistance does
> not have an indirect cost rate, the applicant may wish to obtain one
> through HHS's Division of Cost Allocation (DCA). Visit DCA's website
> at <http://rates.psc.gov/> to learn more about rate agreements, the
> process for applying for them, and the regional offices that negotiate
> them.
>
> **A. Non-trainee Expenses**
>
> **Personnel --** List participants-professional and nonprofessional-by
> name and position, or by position only if not yet filled, for whom
> salary is requested. For each participant, state the percentage of
> time or effort, in both percentage of time and/or hours to be devoted
> to the training project. Note: the sum of percentages of time or
> effort to be expended by each individual for all professional
> activities must not exceed 100 percent. For each nonprofessional,
> indicate hours per week on the project.
>
> List the total project effort, in hours or percentage of time that
> paid and volunteer personnel, (faculty, professional, technical,
> secretarial, and clerical) will devote to the project and reflect
> their contribution in the budget justification, even if funds for
> salaries have not been requested. Information on both grant and
> non-grant supported positions is essential in order for reviewers to
> determine if project resources are adequate.
>
> List the dollar amounts separately for fringe benefits and salary for
> each individual. An individual\'s salary represents the total
> authorized annual compensation that an applicant organization would be
> prepared to pay for a specified work period, regardless of whether an
> individual\'s time would be spent on government-sponsored research,
> teaching, or other activities.
>
> The base salary, for the purposes of computing charges to a DHHS
> grant, excludes income which an individual may be permitted to earn
> outside of full-time duties to the applicant organization. [Where
> appropriate, indicate whether the amounts requested for the
> professional personnel are for summer salaries or academic year
> salaries, and **include the formulas for calculating summer
> salaries**]{.underline}.
>
> Fringe benefits, if treated consistently by the grantee institution as
> a direct cost to all sponsors, may be requested separately for each
> individual in proportion to the salary requested or may be entered as
> a total if your institution has established a composite fringe benefit
> rate.
>
> An applicant organization has the option of omitting specific salary
> and fringe benefit amounts for individuals from the
> **[copies]{.underline}** of the application that are made available to
> outside reviewing groups. To exercise this option, use asterisks on
> the original and copies of the application to indicate those
> individuals for whom salaries and fringe benefits are being requested.
> However, the subtotals must still be shown. In addition, submit a copy
> of the Detailed Budget page, completed in full with the asterisks
> replaced by the amount of the salary and fringe benefits requested for
> each individual listed. This budget page will be reserved for internal
> DHHS staff use only.
>
> **Consultant Costs \--** Give name and institutional affiliation of
> each consultant, if known, and indicate the nature and extent of the
> consultant service to be performed. Include expected rate of
> compensation and total fees, travel, per diem, or other related costs
> for each consultant.
>
> **Equipment** \-- List and justify each separate item of equipment
> costing \$5,000 or more. If requesting funds to purchase equipment
> that is already available, explain the need for the duplication.
>
> **Contracts** \-- List and justify each proposed contract and provide
> a description of activities or functions to be performed. Provide a
> breakdown of and justification for costs, the basis upon which
> indirect cost charges, if any, will be reimbursed.
>
> Also indicate the type of contract proposed, the kind of organizations
> or other parties to be selected, and the method of selecting these
> parties and deliverables.
>
> **Supplies** \-- Itemize and justify how major supplies and
> expenditures, such as general office and photocopying expenses, relate
> to the project. This is required for all supplies and expenditures
> charged to grant funds. Medical/clinical supplies and drugs are not
> ordinarily acceptable.
>
> **Staff Travel** \-- Enter amount for staff travel essential to
> conducting the training project. Describe the purpose of the travel
> stating the number of trips involved, the destinations, and the number
> of individuals for whom funds are requested. Note: travel costs for
> consultants should be included under \"Consultants.\" If funded, the
> project director will be expected to attend a one day meeting in the
> Washington, DC area during the project period.
>
> **Other Expenses** \-- List and justify other expenses by major
> categories. Do not include items that properly belong in one of the
> other categories.
>
> **Funds may be requested to support appropriate and justifiable costs
> that**
>
> **are directly related to meeting data reporting requirements, i.e.,
> the hiring of a**
>
> **data specialist is strongly encouraged**.
>
> **B. Trainee Expenses**
>
> Requests for stipends for students participating in training programs
> should be entered in the \"Trainee Expenses\" section of the
> application. Enter the number of students and the total amount
> requested under "Stipend."
>
> **Faculty Fellowships and Stipends -** Faculty fellowships are to be
> incorporated into a formal minority faculty development program.
> [Selection criteria will be established in concert with the sponsoring
> Chair and the institutional COE program director]{.underline}. It is
> anticipated that institutional commitment will be addressed in
> retention efforts to hire fellows in training as full-time faculty
> after successful completion of fellowship training program. Fellowship
> support awarded will be limited to the amount of \$44,364 or 50% of
> salary (whichever is less) for a maximum of 2 years. Activities to be
> included are training in pedagogical and research methods, and
> mentoring by senior faculty. The institution may request tuition and
> fees, including appropriate health insurance, only to the extent that
> the same resident or nonresident tuition and fees are charged to
> regular non-federally supported fellows. A maximum amount of \$5,000
> may be requested for travel and other expenses to attend professional
> meetings.
>
> **Student Stipends -** Stipends for student participants may be
> awarded only to URM individuals to assure participation and provide
> support needed to participate in structured programs of the COE
> Program. **Stipends are for students matriculating at the applicant
> institution ONLY.**
>
> Such stipends shall be an amount deemed appropriate and must be
> justified. It is the responsibility of the grantee to document the
> basis for grant expenditures related to trainee stipends. Stipends to
> individual participants may be provided **only** when a determination
> has been made that no other Federal financial assistance program is
> authorized to provide this support.
>
> Post-Baccalaureate Conditional Acceptance Program stipends should be
> done according to the COE Post-Baccalaureate program requirements.
>
> Stipend should be entered in the \"Total Trainee Costs." Enter
> \"Trainee Travel\" for students as a separate item on the appropriate
> line. Add the figures for \"Total Trainee Costs\" and \"Trainee
> Travel\" and enter as the \"Subtotal‑Trainee Expenses.\"
>
> **Tuition and Fees** \-- Except for the faculty fellowship component
> of COE, tuition and fees are not allowable.
v.) Budget Justification
> Provide a narrative that explains the amounts requested for each line
> in the budget. **The budget justification should specifically describe
> how each item will support the achievement of proposed objectives.**
> The budget period is for ONE year. However, the applicant must submit
> one-year budgets for each of the subsequent project period years
> (usually one to three years or more) at the time of application. Line
> item information must be provided to explain the costs entered in
> appropriate form. The budget justification must clearly describe each
> cost element and explain how each cost contributes to meeting the
> project's objectives/goals. Be very careful about showing how each
> item in the "other" category is justified. The budget justification
> MUST be concise. Do NOT use the justification to expand the project
> narrative.
>
> **Budget for Multi-Year Grant Award**
>
> This announcement is inviting applications for project periods up to 3
> years. Awards, on a competitive basis, will be for a one-year budget
> period, although project periods may be for three years. Applications
> for continuation grants funded under these awards beyond the one-year
> budget period but within the three year project period will be
> entertained in subsequent years on a noncompetitive basis, subject to
> availability of funds, satisfactory progress of the grantee and a
> determination that continued funding would be in the best interest of
> the Government.
**For further guidance on use of grant funds, you may contact the
Division of Grants Management Operations office at (301) 443-6960.**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201478 .anchor}vi.) Staffing Plan and Personnel
Requirements
> Applicants must present a staffing plan and provide a justification
> for the plan that includes education and experience qualifications and
> rationale for the amount of time being requested for each staff
> position. Position descriptions that include the roles,
> responsibilities, and qualifications of proposed project staff must be
> included in the Appendix. Copies of biographical sketches for any key
> employed personnel that will be assigned to work on the proposed
> project must be included in the Appendix.
>
> Applicant must complete a Biographical Sketch for any key personnel
> assigned to work on the proposed project must be completed on COE
> Suggested Template C entitled "Biographical Sketch" (page 53).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201479 .anchor}vii.) Assurances
Please refer to section VIII "Other Information" (page 32) and complete
COE Suggested
Template B, page 48.
viii.) Certifications and Other Requirements
Please refer to section VIII "Other Information" (page 32) and complete
COE Suggested
Template B, page 48.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201483 .anchor}ix.) Project Abstract
> Provide a 1-page summary of the application. Because the abstract is
> often distributed to provide information to the public and Congress,
> please prepare this so that it is clear, accurate, concise, and
> without reference to other parts of the application. It must include a
> brief description of the proposed grant project including the needs to
> be addressed, the proposed services, and the population group(s) to be
> served.
Please place the following at the top of the abstract:
- Project Title
- Applicant Name
- Address
- Contact Phone Numbers (Voice, Fax)
- E-Mail Address
- Web Site Address, if applicable
The project abstract must be single-spaced and limited to one page in
length. The abstract should clearly and completely describe the project
as a whole. If the application is approved and funded, the abstract will
become public information on HRSA's website. **Number this page**.
(**Please note that this page is counted in the 80 page limit).**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201484 .anchor}x.) Program Narrative
> This section provides a comprehensive framework and description of all
> aspects of the proposed program. It should be succinct,
> self-explanatory, and well organized so that reviewers can understand
> the proposed project.
Use the following section headers for the Narrative:
A\) Introduction
> This section should briefly describe the purpose of the proposed
> project.
B\) InSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT
> The application should reflect the institution's commitment to serve
> as a resource to recruit, train, and retain underrepresented minority
> students and faculty in health professions schools. It should
> summarize past educational and training initiatives, achievements and
> performance to include outcomes of these efforts. In addition,
> applicant should discuss the institution's recruitment efforts
> targeting URMs to enroll in and graduate from the school and to serve
> in faculty and/or administrative positions. The application should
> reflect the institution's commitment to developing a culturally
> competent health professions workforce by establishing a system that
> values the importance of culture in the delivery of health are
> services to all segments of the population.
>
> Describe the number of URM individuals enrolled in the school,
> including individuals accepted for enrollment and strategies that have
> been effective in assisting URM students to successfully complete a
> program and receive the degree involved. Applicant should discuss the
> number of URMs that have graduated over the past 5 years.
C\) NEEDS ASSESSMENT
The needs assessment section of the proposal should show the degree to
which the applicant recognizes problems and needs relating to:
**Cultural Competence:**
- The development of a culturally competent health care work force.
- Barriers to the delivery of culturally competent health care.
> **Students:**
- Barriers that exist, at any point along the educational pipeline,
that ultimately affect a student's competitiveness to enter and
graduate from health profession schools;
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- Academic difficulties that are likely to be faced by
under-represented minorities in taking exams such as the United
States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).
> **Faculty Development:**
- Barriers to building capacity to train, recruit, and retain URM
faculty.
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- Difficulties in developing an effective URM Faculty Development Plan
that clearly shows the progression of junior and clinical faculty.
- Obstacles that preclude the institution from providing professional
support in activities that prepare URM faculty for research,
grant/publication writing, and community service.
- Deficiencies in preceptor/mentor programs.
- Incentives that are used to retain URM faculty; and
- Changes in the numbers of URM faculty over the past
**[5]{.underline}** years.
> **Geographic area:**
- The geographic area that the project will focus on (e.g. local and
regional focus)?
> **Need for Health Professionals:**
- Health Professions Shortage Areas (HPSAs) that exist in the
geographic area, including the need for health services.
- Diversity of the current workforce in the geographic area of the
proposed project.
D\) cultural competence development
The applicant should demonstrate COE specific courses and/or activities,
appropriate to the educational level, which develop students' knowledge
and appreciation of how culture impacts health. COE Cultural Competence
activities should facilitate the enhancement of key tools and skills
that improve the ability of program participants to effectively
communicate and provide services to patients from diverse social and
cultural backgrounds. The applicant should describe specific qualitative
and quantitative outcome measures for each Cultural Competence objective
and activity
(see examples of cultural competency training activities on page 18).
**This section includes the cultural competence objectives, methodology,
evaluation and budget item section arranged in the following format:**
###### [Cultural Competence Objective 1]{.underline}
###### [Methodology for Objective 1]{.underline}
[Evaluation for Objective 1]{.underline}
[Budget Items for Objective 1]{.underline}
e\) methodology, workplan & evaluation
Methodology should address:
- What the institution is going to do;
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- How the institution is going to do it;
- Who is doing it, and their qualifications; and
- How it is going to be evaluated.
> Describe in detail the specific activities, methods, techniques, and
> resources proposed to achieve each stated objective, making sure they
> relate to the legislative requirements.
>
> Describe the intervention(s) that defines the process and desired
> outcomes. The description should encompass information about what,
> how, when, for whom, by whom, and where the activity will be
> conducted. This includes nontraditional methods that may produce
> positive outcomes resulting from community and other sources that
> assist and support the project's success.
>
> The applicant should provide a workplan that includes a timetable and
> identifies persons responsible for implementing activities that will
> support the objectives. Present the activities in a logical,
> sequential manner, clearly indicating when specific activities will
> take place.
>
> When writing the objectives, the applicant **[must]{.underline}**
> address the legislative requirements and review criteria for the COE.
> The objectives must be measurable ([using baseline data]{.underline})
> with specific outcomes for each budget period of the project. Targeted
> students and/or faculty (number and demographics) should be identified
> for each objective, where applicable. Objectives should be realistic
> and have a projected time frame for achievement.
**This section includes the objectives, methodology, evaluation and
budget item sections arranged in the following format:**
###### [Objective 1]{.underline}
###### [Methodology for Objective 1]{.underline}
[Evaluation for Objective 1]{.underline}
[Budget Items for Objective 1]{.underline}
> Evaluation strategy **must** be tied explicitly to the project
> objectives and the proposed performance outcomes. Specify qualitative
> and quantitative outcome measures for each objective and activity.
> Describe in detail the methods by which data will be collected, the
> personnel who will be responsible, and the manner in which data will
> be analyzed and reported. Data analysis and reporting
> [must]{.underline} facilitate evaluation of the project outcomes.
The budget items section for each objective **must** list budget items
requested in the detailed budget for carrying out this particular
objective (do not include dollar amounts); enable reviewers to correlate
project expenses with specific legislative requirements; and assist
reviewers in determining what objectives and program purposes are being
supported by the grant and/or the institution and to what extent.
**F) DISSEMINATION OF PROJECT RESULTS**
> Clearly delineate a plan for disseminating the project results to the
> health professions education community regionally or nationally.
G\) Progress SUMMARY
**[For competing continuation applicants only]{.smallcaps}**. The
progress summary is an important source of information in the peer
review process for demonstrating project effectiveness**. The progress
summary should be a presentation of the outcomes and impact, in relation
to the objectives of the grant during the current project period**
**(entire 3 year period).** Data consistency throughout the progress
summary is an essential element.
**[The summary should include]{.underline}**:
1\. **The period covered** (dates)
All activities related to the current project period.
2\. **Specific objectives**
Restate the original project objectives as actually funded and use this
as a baseline
> in demonstrating project performance.
3\. **Outcomes**
> For each of the original project objectives, summarize the activities
> conducted to achieve and measure these objectives. Summarize the
> accomplishments of the activities with specific results for each
> objective. Show outcomes (results) of each objective using
> quantitative and qualitative measures including actual numbers and
> percentages. Indicate baselines by which outcomes (results) are
> measured. Include negative results or technical problems and
> corrective measures planned. Include identifiers for faculty and
> student participants and describe the activities in which they
> participated in. Also include the outcomes (results) of the
> activities.
4\. **Evaluation**
> This section differs from outcomes. Outcomes are the results that
> include methodologies used. Evaluation is the actual impact the
> results had on the stated objectives. In the narrative, state whether
> your results actually made a difference (impact) on the project
> objectives. Include quantitative and qualitative data to show impact.
> **If results fall short of stated objectives, include any corrective
> measures for future objectives**.
5\. **Staffing modifications for the current project period**
> Discuss any staffing changes, relating to the COE project, including
> additions and deletions of positions. Provide qualifications of new
> staff, both COE and non‑COE supported. Indicate the reasons why funded
> positions were not filled. Discuss the impact on the project due to
> the unfilled positions, and expectations for staffing the positions.
6. **Linkages**
> In the progress report, grantees are expected to report on any
> linkages by providing the name of the entity, the site of the
> activity, the kind of program offered, and the number of participants
> attending the program activity.
**Examples of Cultural Competence Training Activities**
Methods to address cultural competence development may include but are
not limited to:
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| ** | *Activity | * | * | **Goals** |
| Cult | (describe | Objectives | Outcomes(include | |
| ural | activity and its | (should be | qualitative and | |
| Co | key components)* | measurable | quantitative | |
| mpet | | and | outcome | |
| ency | | at | measures)* | |
| Tr | | tainable)* | | |
| aini | | | | |
| ng** | | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| ** | ***Model | Improve | Equip students | -C |
| Teac | Curriculum*** - A | knowledge | with the | ulturally |
| hing | model cultural | of | knowledge and | competent |
| Deli | competence | cultu | tools needed to | health |
| very | curriculum either | res/ethnic | provide quality | care |
| M | as a required | b | and cultural | workforce |
| etho | course, elective, | ackgrounds | competent health | that will |
| ds** | or unit in an | through | care services. | improve |
| | established | various | | access, |
| | course, including | teaching | | quality, |
| | didactic | methods | | and |
| | teaching, problem | | | patient |
| | based/ small | | | adherence |
| | group learning, | | | to |
| | e-learning, | | | medical |
| | videotapes/DVD, | | | advice/t |
| | simulated | | | reatment. |
| | activities, | | | |
| | health literacy | | | -Reduce |
| | training, and | | | h |
| | c | | | ealthcare |
| | ultural/community | | | di |
| | immersion | | | sparities |
| | | | | |
| | | | | -U |
| | | | | ltimately |
| | | | | eliminate |
| | | | | health |
| | | | | care |
| | | | | di |
| | | | | sparities |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| | ***Clinical | Expose | Increased | |
| | Cl | students | efficacy in | |
| | erkships/Field*** | to the | delivering | |
| | | community | health services | |
| | > ***Placement*** | in which | to diverse | |
| | > -- program | they will | ethnic | |
| | > participants | be | populations by | |
| | > are placed in | working. | integrating | |
| | > clinical | | cultural | |
| | > | Gain | diversity | |
| | clerkships/field | knowledge | training into | |
| | > placements in | of the | clinical | |
| | > community-based | community | practice | |
| | > settings with | epi | | |
| | > diverse ethnic | demiology, | Increased | |
| | > populations or | community | understanding of | |
| | > language | resources, | community and | |
| | > groups, or with | and role | cultural | |
| | > populations | of | perspectives | |
| | > that have been | pr | | |
| | > traditionally | eventative | | |
| | > medically | health | | |
| | > underserved. | care | | |
| | > Program | | | |
| | > participants | | | |
| | > may also be | | | |
| | > placed in | | | |
| | > | | | |
| | clerkships/field | | | |
| | > placements in | | | |
| | > community-based | | | |
| | > settings with | | | |
| | > populations | | | |
| | > groups with | | | |
| | > special needs. | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| | ***Semi | Su | Enhanced | |
| | nars/Workshops*** | pplemental | learning | |
| | -- program | training | experience in | |
| | participants and | in | cultural | |
| | faculty will | cultural | competence | |
| | attend | competence | | |
| | s | | | |
| | eminars/workshops | | | |
| | related to | | | |
| | cultural | | | |
| | competence. | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| | ***Cross/Cultural | Increase | Improved skill | |
| | Communication*** | knowledge | in dealing with | |
| | -- program | of various | cross-cultural | |
| | participants will | cultural | communication in | |
| | learn how to | cues and | health care | |
| | properly | behaviors | setting | |
| | communicate with | specific | | |
| | different | to | | |
| | cultural/ ethnic | different | | |
| | populations ( | cultu | | |
| | e.g. Medical | ral/ethnic | | |
| | Spanish course, | groups | | |
| | interpreter | | | |
| | issues, health | Improve | | |
| | literacy, and | skill in | | |
| | cultural | com | | |
| | communication | municating | | |
| | regarding | to wide | | |
| | cultural | array of | | |
| | cues/behaviors) | patients | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| ** | ***R | Exposure | Increased | |
| Non- | esearch/Scholarly | to | efficacy in | |
| Teac | Activities | different | confronting | |
| hing | Pertaining to | ethnic/ | health issues | |
| Deli | People of | cultural | specific to | |
| very | Color*** -- | group | different | |
| M | academic or | e | cultural/ethnic | |
| etho | community-based | xperiences | groups | |
| ds** | research about | | | |
| | minorities and | | | |
| | health disparity | | | |
| | issues | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| | ***Resource | Increase | Comprehensive | |
| | Center*** -- a | av | data base on | |
| | clearinghouse of | ailability | health issues | |
| | minority health | of data on | specific to | |
| | information, | health | various | |
| | including print, | issues | cultural/ethnic | |
| | video, and audio | specific | groups in | |
| | media, computer | to various | community | |
| | resources, and | cultu | | |
| | access to | ral/ethnic | | |
| | national minority | groups in | | |
| | health and health | community | | |
| | disparity | | | |
| | information | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
| | > ***Community | Par | Development of | |
| | > Partn | ticipatory | partnerships | |
| | erships-***engage | process of | with academic | |
| | > community | curriculum | institutions and | |
| | > members and | d | community to | |
| | > other | evelopment | promote cultural | |
| | > university | and | competence. | |
| | > departments in | cultural | | |
| | > the development | competence | Enhanced | |
| | > of cultural | education | cultural | |
| | > competence | | competence | |
| | > curriculum, | | training through | |
| | > serving as | | i | |
| | > simulated | | nterdisciplinary | |
| | > patients, | | collaboration | |
| | > co | | with other | |
| | aches/instructors | | disciplines. | |
| | > for community | | | |
| | > immersion | | | |
| | > programs, and | | | |
| | > participation | | | |
| | > in community | | | |
| | > cultural | | | |
| | > activities. | | | |
+------+-------------------+------------+------------------+-----------+
***xi*. *Appendices***
> Please provide the following items in the appendices section of your
> application to complete the content of the application. Please note
> that these are supplementary in nature, and are not intended to be a
> continuation of the project narrative..
**COE Suggested Templates:**
[Form C:]{.underline}
Biographical Sketch
[Form D:]{.underline}
Maintenance of Effort
[Form F:]{.underline}
COE Purpose Reference Table
[Form G:]{.underline}
Enrollment Tables
[Form H:]{.underline}
Student Training in Health Care Services
[Form I:]{.underline}
General Condition Guidelines
[]{.mark}
> **Include only letters of support in the appendices that specifically
> indicate a commitment to the project/program (partnerships, in-kind
> services, dollars, staff, space, equipment, etc.) Letters of
> agreements and support must be dated. List all other support letters
> on one page.**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201492 .anchor}3.) Submission Dates and Times
**Application Due Date**
> The due date for applications under this grant announcement is
> ***January 26, 2006 at 5:00 P.M. ET*.**
Applications will be considered as meeting the deadline if they are
either:
\(1\) Received on or before the due date; or
> \(2\) Post marked or E marked on or before the due date, and received
> in time for the Independent Review Committee review.
>
> The Chief Grants Management Officer (CGMO) or a higher level designee
> may authorize an extension of published deadlines when justified by
> circumstances such as acts of God (e.g. floods or hurricanes),
> widespread disruptions of mail service, or other disruptions of
> services, such as a prolonged blackout. The authorizing official will
> determine the affected geographical area(s).
>
> **Electronic Submission:**
>
> Applications must be submitted by 5:00 P.M. ET. **To ensure that you
> have adequate time to follow procedures and successfully submit the
> application, we recommend you start submission no later than noon on
> the due date.** Applications submitted electronically will be
> time/date stamped electronically, which will serve as receipt of
> submission.
>
> **Paper Submission:**
>
> Upon receipt of a paper application, the Grants Application Center
> will mail an acknowledgement of receipt to the applicant
> organization's Program Director.
>
> In the event that questions arise about meeting the application due
> date, applicants must have a legibly dated receipt from a commercial
> carrier or the U.S. Postal Service. Private metered postmarks will not
> be accepted as proof of timely mailing.
>
> **Late applications:**
>
> Applications which do not meet the criteria above are considered late
> applications. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
> shall notify each late applicant that its application will not be
> considered in the current competition.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201494 .anchor}4.) Intergovernmental Review
> The Centers of Excellence is a program subject to the provisions of
> Executive Order 12372, as implemented by 45 CFR 100. Executive Order
> 12372 allows States the option of setting up a system for reviewing
> applications from within their States for assistance under certain
> Federal programs. Application packages made available under this
> guidance will contain a listing of States which have chosen to set up
> such a review system, and will provide a State Single Point of Contact
> (SPOC) for the review. Information on states affected by this program
> and State Points of Contact may also be obtained from the Grants
> Management Officer listed in the AGENCY Contact(s) section, as well as
> from the following Web site:
> <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/grants/spoc.html>.
>
> All applicants other than federally recognized Native American Tribal
> Groups should contact their SPOC as early as possible to alert them to
> the prospective applications and receive any necessary instructions on
> the State process used under this Executive Order.
>
> Letters from the State Single Point of Contact (SPOC) in response to
> Executive Order 12372 are due sixty days after the application due
> date.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201495 .anchor}5.) Funding Restrictions
This does not apply to the Centers of Excellence Program.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201496 .anchor}6.) Other Submission Requirements
**Electronic Submission**
HRSA encourages applicants to submit applications on-line.
> To register and/or log-in to prepare your application, go to
> <https://grants.hrsa.gov/webexternal/login.asp>. For assistance in
> using the on-line application system, call 877-GO4-HRSA (877-464-4772)
> between 8:30 am to 5:30 pm ET or e-mail <callcenter@hrsa.gov>.
>
> Online applications are required to submit ONLY one form in signed
> hard copy: the 6025-1 Face Sheet, since all other elements of the
> application have been captured and transmitted electronically.
>
> **Formal submission of the electronic application:** Applications
> completed online are considered formally submitted when the
> Authorizing Official electronically submits the application to HRSA.
> However, to complete the submission requirements, a hard-copy of the
> 6025-1 Face Sheet must be printed, signed, and submitted to the HRSA
> Grants Application Center. The 6025-1 can be printed from the online
> application.
>
> For an online application, the signed 6025-1 must be sent to the HRSA
> GRANTS APPLICATION CENTER at the address and received by HRSA by no
> later than five days after the application due date.
>
> Applications will be considered as having met the deadline if: (1) the
> application has been successfully transmitted electronically by your
> organization's Authorizing Official on or before the deadline date and
> time, and (2) the signed 6025-1 Face Sheet is received by HRSA no
> later than five days after the deadline date.
>
> REMINDER: Only applicants who apply online are permitted to forego
> hard-copy submission of all application forms EXCEPT the signed
> 6025-1.
>
> If the application is submitted as a hard-copy, the rules of
> submission as described elsewhere in this guidance must be followed.
>
> Application narratives and spreadsheets will need to be created
> separately and submitted as attachments to the application. You will
> be prompted to "upload" your attachments at strategic points within
> the application interface. The following document types will be
> accepted as attachments: WordPerfect (.wpd), Microsoft Word (.doc),
> Microsoft Excel (.xls), Rich Text Format (.rtf), Portable Document
> Format (.pdf). If there are tables that are not supported as data
> entry forms from within the application, they should be downloaded to
> your hard drive, filled in, and then uploaded as attachments with your
> application.
>
> Applications submitted electronically will be time/date stamped
> electronically, which will serve as receipt of submission.
>
> To look for funding opportunities, go to <http://www.hrsa.gov/grants>
> and follow the links. Information on grant opportunities both within
> HRSA and other Federal agencies is also available through
> [http://www.grants.gov](http://www.grants.gov/), the official E-Grants
> website where applicants can find and apply for federal funding
> opportunities.
**Paper Submission**
> If you choose to submit paper copy, please send the original and **2**
> copies of the application to:
>
> []{.mark}
>
> The HRSA Grants Application Center
>
> The Legin Group, Inc.
>
> Attn: *Centers of Excellence (COE)*
>
> Program Announcement No. HRSA 06-021
>
> CFDA No. 93.157
>
> 901 Russell Avenue, Suite 450
>
> Gaithersburg, MD 20879
>
> Telephone: 877-477-2123
>
> In the event that questions arise about meeting the application due
> date, applicants must have a legibly dated receipt from a commercial
> carrier or the U.S. Postal Service. Private metered postmarks will not
> be accepted as proof of timely mailing.
>
> Whether you submit electronically or via paper, please understand that
> we will not consider additional information and/or materials submitted
> after your initial application. You must therefore ensure that all
> materials are submitted together, whether electronically or on paper.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201499 .anchor}[V. APPLICATION REVIEW
INFORMATION]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201500 .anchor}1.) Review Criteria
Procedures for assessing the technical merit of grant applications have
been instituted to provide for an objective review of applications and
to assist the applicant in understanding the standards against which
each application will be judged. Critical indicators have been developed
for each review criterion to assist the applicant in presenting
pertinent information related to that criterion and to provide the
reviewer with a standard for evaluation. Review criteria are outlined
below with specific detail and scoring points.
Review Criteria are used to review and rank applications. The Centers of
Excellence program has seven (7) review criteria:
**(1) [NEED]{.underline}**
**New = 5 points, Competing Continuation = 5 points**
The needs assessment section of the proposal should show the degree to
which the applicant recognizes problems and needs relating to:
> **Students:**
a. What are the barriers that exist, at any point along the educational
pipeline, that ultimately affect their competitiveness to enter and
graduate from health profession schools?
b. What are the academic difficulties that are likely to be faced by
under-represented minorities in taking exams such as the United
States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)?
> **Faculty Development:**
- Barriers to building capacity to train, recruit, and retain URM
faculty.
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- Difficulties in developing an effective URM Faculty Development Plan
that clearly shows the progression of junior and clinical faculty.
- Obstacles that preclude the institution from providing professional
support in activities that prepare URM faculty for research,
grant/publication writing, and community service.
- Deficiencies in preceptor/mentor programs.
- Incentives that are used to retain URM faculty
> **Geographic area:**
- What is the geographic area that the project will focus on?
> **Need for health professionals:**
- Address whether the diversity of the current workforce reflects the
> demographics of the geographic area it serves.
- Provide the number Health Professions Shortage Areas (HPSAs) that
exist in
> the geographic area. Describe the health services and health
> professionals
>
> needed.
- Describe how the proposal will improve upon and perhaps change these
needs.
**(2) [RESOURCES/CAPABILITIES]{.underline}**
**New = 20 points, Competing Continuation = 15 points**
*[Institutional Commitment]{.underline}*
Institutional Commitment can be demonstrated by addressing the
following:
a. The health professions school has a significant number of URM
individuals enrolled in the school, including individuals accepted
for enrollment in the school (e.g., to assist with recruitment of
students, it is strongly encouraged that the applicant link up with
an existing HCOP), grant program in its geographic area. The
applicant school must have 100% of their URM students receiving some
type of financial assistance, if not, explain (see COE Suggested
Template G, page 56).
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```
b. The health professions school has been effective in assisting URM
students of the school to complete the program of education and
receive the degree involved; the [applicant school]{.underline} must
have a [URM]{.underline} graduation rate of at least 85% over 4 or 5
years. **For Native American COEs ONLY**: applicant school should
have a URM graduation rate of at least 75% (see COE Suggested
Template I, page 59).
> c\. The health professions school has been effective in recruiting
> URMs to enroll in and graduate from the school, including **providing
> scholarships and other financial assistance** to such individuals and
> encouraging URM students from all levels of the educational pipeline
> to pursue health professions careers (e.g., to develop financial
> profiles to reduce debt burden, assist students with financial need,
> including conventional scholarships and tuition waivers). The
> applicant should encourage URM students from all levels of the
> educational pipeline to pursue a career in health professions (e.g.,
> applicants are encouraged to link with area magnet schools, health
> sciences academies, HCOP, etc) (see COE Suggested Template I, page
> 59).
>
> d\. The health professions school has made significant recruitment
> efforts to increase the number of URM individuals serving in faculty
> or administrative positions at the school (e.g., describe the URMs
> that the applicant has recruited against the number of vacancies over
> the past 5 years); submit the applicant's faculty development plan
> endorsed by the appropriate Deans and Department Heads of the school
> (see COE Suggested Template I, page 59).
e. The applicant has, with other health professions schools, if
necessary, formed a consortium to carry out the legislative
requirements of the COE. **This** **applies to Native American COE
applicants only**.
f. The applicant has established a linkage with one or more public or
non-profit community based Hispanic-serving organizations or public
or non-profit private institutions of higher education including
schools of nursing in accordance with the eligibility criteria for
Hispanic COEs. **This applies to Hispanic COEs ONLY.**
**(3) [IMPACT]{.underline}**
> **New= 5 points, Competing Continuation= 5 points**
>
> The applicant clearly delineates a plan for disseminating COE project
> results to the Health Professions Education community regionally or
> nationally
**(4) [RESPONSE(A & B)]{.underline}**
**4A** *[Student Performance/ Student Training / Faculty
Development]{.underline}*
> **New = 40 points, Competing Continuation = 30 points**
>
> The applicant should demonstrate how it will enhance, expand, and
> strengthen the academic performance of URM students at the school by:
- Describing a plan of action for students experiencing academic
difficulties;
- Enhancing critical thinking, problem solving, reading comprehension,
and writing skills;
- Providing subject‑specific knowledge that will result in the
successful completion of the health professional school course of
study; and
- Describing a plan for enhancing instructional support through peer
mentoring, tutoring, developing an academic skills center and
computer lab for individualized learning, etc.
The applicant should describe the program to train students in
providing health services to URMs at community based health
facilities and/or at sites away from
the main teaching facility (see COE Suggested Template H, pg. 58 -
**Renewals Only**).
The applicant should clearly demonstrate how it will improve the
capacity to train, recruit, and retain URM faculty by:
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```
- Providing a school URM faculty development plan that has input and
endorsement from the appropriate dean and the department chairs. The
plan should demonstrate how the junior and clinical faculty will
progress;
- Describing professional activities that prepare URM faculty for
research and community service;
- Providing professional support in developing pedagogical and
grant/publication writing skills and assignment of preceptor/mentor;
- Describing incentives that are used to retain URM faculty; and
- Explain any increase, decrease, or no change in the numbers of URM
faculty over the past **[5]{.underline}** years.
**4B** *[Information Resources, Clinical Education, and
Curricula/Competitive Applicant Pool]{.underline}*
*[Faculty Student Research]{.underline}*
**New= 15 points, Competing Continuation= 10 points**
> The applicant should clearly demonstrate activities will be
> implemented that are related to [minority health issues]{.underline}
> with regards to the following:
- [Information resources]{.underline}: The applicant should have a
written plan for improving information and resource support (e.g.,
library references, journals and publications, CD ROM systems)
related to minority health issues.
- [Clinical education]{.underline}: The applicant should demonstrate
evidence of clinical education exposure as it relates to minority
health.
- [Curricula]{.underline}: The applicant should demonstrate the
incorporation of curricula through didactic course work pertaining
to minority health issues.
> The applicant should demonstrate, based on the needs of the regional
> area, how a large competitive applicant pool will be developed or
> expanded through linkages by:
- The inclusion of pre-professional comprehensive HCOP development
programs;
Strengthening relationships between its partners, health
academicians, and public
health practitioners in public agencies; and
- Serving as a resource for pre-professional programs to improve the
teaching,
training and practice of health professionals.
> The applicant should demonstrate how it will facilitate the
> implementation of faculty and student research on health issues
> affecting URM groups and issues relating to the delivery of health
> care. **This activity is for the Health Profession School level
> only.**
**(5) [EVALUATIVE MEASURES]{.underline}**
**New = 0 points, Competing Continuation = 20 points**
*[Progress Report Summary]{.underline}*
> **Note: Do NOT include the DATOR form with the Progress Report**
The Progress Report should provide adequate information that
demonstrates progress towards the project meeting the objectives and
outcomes of the program.
> **[The report should include]{.underline}**:
- **The period covered** (dates)
> All activities related to the current **project** period. This is the
> 3 years of funding, not the current budget period. **Please do not
> request more than 3 years of funding.**
- **Specific objectives**
> Restate the original objectives of the project.
- **Outcomes**
> For each of the stated objectives, provide outcome data in
> quantitative and qualitative terms using actual numbers and
> percentages. Indicate the [baselines]{.underline} by which outcomes
> (results) are measured.
- Where appropriate, indicate milestones that have been achieved and
their significance. Where milestones have not been achieved, reasons
and a proposed revised date should be included and referred to those
objectives that will be modified in the continuation application;
- Note any publications arising from the project and identify research
projects being conducted at the applicant school. Of that research,
state how many projects are related to minority health issues.
- **COE Suggested Template H,** Student Training in Health Care
Services (pg 58), [must be completed]{.underline} and included as
part of your Progress Report. **For continuation applications
only.**
- **Evaluation**
> Evaluation differs from outcomes. Outcomes are the direct results or
> outputs of the methodologies identified in the proposal. Evaluation
> measures the **[actual impact]{.underline}** the results had on the
> stated objectives. In the narrative, state whether your results
> actually made a difference or impact on the project objectives.
> Include quantitative and qualitative data to show impact. **If results
> fall short of stated objectives, include any corrective measures for
> future objectives**.
- **Staffing modifications for the current project period**
> Discuss any staffing changes, relating to the COE project, including
> additions and deletions of positions. Indicate the reasons why funded
> positions were not filled. Discuss the impact on the project due to
> the unfilled positions and expectations for staffing the positions.
**(6) [SUPPORT REQUESTED]{.underline}**
**New =5 points, Competing Continuation = 5 points**
*[Budget]{.underline}*
> The overall budget, including non-trainee expenses, should be cost
> effective, reasonable and consistent with the stated objectives and
> proposed activities. Expenditures should be justified and in-kind
> contributions documented.
**(7) [cultural competence development]{.underline}**
**New= 10 points, Competing Continuation=10 points**
The applicant should demonstrate COE specific courses and/or activities,
appropriate to the educational level that develops students' knowledge
and appreciation of the impact of culture on health. COE Cultural
Competence activities should facilitate the enhancement of key tools and
skills that improve the ability of program participants to effectively
communicate and provide services to patients from diverse social and
cultural backgrounds.
In addition, the applicant should reflect the institution's commitment
to developing culturally competent health professionals by establishing
a system that values the importance of culture in the delivery of health
care services to all segments of the population. Applicant should
describe the institutional policies. Practices and initiatives, which
demonstrate the responsiveness of the institution's commitment to
increasing culturally competent and diverse health professionals.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201508 .anchor}2.) Review and Selection Process
> The Division of Independent Review is responsible for managing
> objective reviews within HRSA. Applications competing for federal
> funds receive an objective and independent review performed by a
> committee of experts qualified by training and experience in
> particular fields or disciplines related to the program. In selecting
> review committee members, other factors in addition to training and
> experience may be considered to improve the balance of the committee,
> e.g. geographic distribution, race/ethnicity, and gender. Each
> reviewer is screened to avoid conflicts of interest and is responsible
> for providing an objective, unbiased evaluation based on the review
> criteria noted above. The committee provides expert advice on the
> merits of each application to program officials responsible for final
> selections for award.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201509 .anchor}3.) Anticipated Announcement and
Award Dates
The anticipated date for announcement of grant awards is September 2006.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201510 .anchor}[VI. AWARD ADMINISTRATION
INFORMATION]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201511 .anchor}**1.) Award Notices**
Each applicant will receive written notification of the outcome of the
objective review process, including a summary of the expert committee's
assessment of the application's merits and weaknesses, and whether the
application was selected for funding. Applicants who are selected for
funding may be required to respond in a satisfactory manner to
Conditions placed on their application before funding can proceed.
Letters of notification do not provide authorization to begin
performance. The Notice of Grant Award, which is signed by the Grants
Management Officer and is sent to the applicant agency's Authorized
Representative, is the authorizing document. It will be sent prior to
the start date of September 1, 2006.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201512 .anchor}2.) Administrative and National
Policy Requirements
Successful applicants must comply with the administrative requirements
outlined in 45 CFR Part 74 or 45 CFR Part 92, as appropriate.
**PUBLIC POLICY ISSUANCE**
> **Healthy People (HP) 2010** is a national initiative led by HHS that
> sets priorities for all HRSA programs. The initiative has two major
> goals: (1) To increase the quality and years of a healthy life; and
> (2) Eliminate our country's health disparities. The initiative
> consists of 28 focus areas and 467 objectives. HRSA has actively
> participated in the work groups of all the focus areas, and is
> committed to the achievement of the Healthy People 2010 goals.
>
> Applicants must summarize the relationship of their projects and
> identify which of their programs objectives and/or sub-objectives
> relate to the goals of the Healthy People 2010 initiative. **The HP
> objective number that corresponds/relates to the proposed project
> objective should be stated after the project objective**. It is not
> necessary to restate the HP 2010 objective.
>
> Copies of the Healthy People 2010 may be obtained from the
> Superintendent of Documents or downloaded at the Healthy People 2010
> website: [http://www.health.gov/healthypeople/document]{.underline}/.
[]{#refheading___toc83201514 .anchor}3.) Reporting
**Progress Reports, Final Reports and Performance (CPMS) Reports**
All Bureau of Health Professions grantees are required to submit reports
to HRSA on an annual basis. These reports take the form of Uniform
Progress Reports (UPR), Final Reports, Disadvantaged Assistance Tracking
Outcome Report (DATOR), and Comprehensive Performance Management System
(CPMS) Reports. Examples of these reports are available on the HRSA
website at: http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/preview/ta/diversity.htm. The
Bureau of Health Professions grantees will be able to access and
complete their reports on the internet using a web-based data entry
tool. Information on this new system will be updated regularly on the
Bureau's web page. Due dates for the reports will be posted on the web
page as soon as they are available. The Bureau's web page address is
[http://]{.underline}[www.bhpr.hrsa.gov/grants](http://www.bhpr.hrsa.gov/grants)[,]{.underline}
on the web page, click on **Grantee Reports.**
The successful applicant under this guidance must:
a. Comply with audit requirements of Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) Circular A-133. Information on the scope, frequency, and other
aspects of the audits can be found on the Internet at
[www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars](http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars);
b. Submit a Payment Management System Quarterly Report. The reports
identify cash expenditures against the authorized funds for the
grant. Failure to submit the report may result in the inability to
access grant funds. Submit report to the:
> Division of Payment Management
>
> DPM/FMS/PSC/ASAM/HHS
>
> PO Box 6021
>
> Rockville, MD 20852
>
> Telephone: (301) 443-1660;
c. Submit a Financial Status Report. A financial status report is
required within 90 days of the end of each grant year. The report is
an accounting of expenditures under the project that year;
d. Submit a Progress Report(s).
> **4.) Performance Review**
>
> HRSA's Office of Performance Review (OPR) serves as the agency's focal
> point for reviewing and enhancing the performance of HRSA funded
> programs within communities and States. On a regularly scheduled
> basis, HRSA grantees are required to participate in a performance
> review of their HRSA funded program(s) by a review team from one of
> the ten OPR regional divisions. Grantees should expect to participate
> in a performance review at some point during their project period.
> When a grantee receives more than one HRSA grant, each of the
> grantee's HRSA funded programs will be reviewed during the same
> performance review.
>
> The purpose of performance review is to improve the performance of
> HRSA funded programs. Through systematic pre-site and on-site
> analysis, OPR works collaboratively with grantees and HRSA
> Bureaus/Offices to measure program performance, analyze the factors
> impacting performance, and identify effective strategies and
> partnerships to improve program performance, with a particular focus
> on outcomes. Upon completion of the performance review, grantees are
> expected to prepare an Action Plan that identifies key actions to
> improve program performance as well as addresses any identified
> program requirement issues. Performance reviews also provide direct
> feedback to the agency about the impact of HRSA policies on program
> implementation and performance within communities and States.
>
> For additional information on performance reviews, please visit:
> <http://www.hrsa.gov/performancereview>.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201515 .anchor}[VII. AGENCY
CONTACTS]{.underline}
> Applicants may obtain additional information regarding business,
> administrative, or fiscal issues related to this grant announcement by
> contacting:
>
> Shirley Defibaugh
>
> Division of Grants Management Operation, OFAM
>
> HRSA
>
> Parklawn Building, Rm. 11-11
>
> 5600 Fishers Lane
>
> Rockville, MD 20857
>
> Telephone: (301) 443-3445
>
> Fax: 301-443-6343
>
> sdefibaough@hrsa.gov
>
> For additional information related to the overall program contact:
>
> CDR Jeanean Willis, DPM
>
> Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development
>
> Bureau of Health Professions
HRSA
> Parklawn Building, Rm. 8-55
>
> 5600 Fishers Lane
>
> Rockville, MD 20857
>
> Telephone: (301) 443-4494
>
> Fax: (301) 443-4943
>
> jwillis@hrsa.gov
**Technical Assistance**
Technical assistance regarding this funding announcement may be obtained
by contacting:
> CDR Jeanean Willis, DPM
>
> Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development
>
> Bureau of Health Professions
HRSA
> Parklawn Building, Rm. 8-55
>
> 5600 Fishers Lane
>
> Rockville, MD 20857
>
> Telephone: (301) 443-4494
>
> Fax: (301) 443-4943
>
> jwillis@hrsa.gov
**Technical Assistance**
The Division of Health Careers Diversity and Development will conduct a
COE Technical Assistance Workshop during October 2005. A schedule of the
workshops is available at the following website:
<http://www.bhpr.hrsa.gov/diversity>
Answers to frequently asked questions about grants in general and this
program in particular can be found at
[http://answers.hrsa.gov](http://answers.hrsa.gov/). Additional
technical assistance regarding program questions is available from the
program officer listed below:
CDR Jeanean D. Willis, DPM E-mail <jwillis@hrsa.gov> ; Telephone:
301-443-4494;
Fax: 301-443-4943.
Information regarding the technical assistance teleconference is listed
on the HRSA web site at
[http://www.hrsa.gov/grants/default.htm.]{.underline}
Technical assistance regarding budget questions is available from HRSA's
Division of Grants Management Operations at: 301-443-6960 (telephone)
and 301-443-6343 (fax).
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201516 .anchor}VIII. [OTHER
INFORMATION]{.underline}
***Release of Information***
**1. [General Public Information:]{.underline}** DHHS routinely makes
available to interested persons a report listing grants awarded.
Information made available includes the title of the project, grantee
institution, project director, and the amount of the award. The Freedom
of Information Act (5 USC 552) and the associated Freedom of Information
Regulations of DHHS (45 CFR Part 5) require the release of certain
information about grants upon request. Release does not depend upon the
intended use of the information. Generally available for release upon
request are all funded grant applications, progress reports of grantees,
and final reports of any review or evaluation of grantee performance
conducted or caused to be conducted by the Department. Release is
subject to deletion of material that would affect patent or other
valuable rights.
**2. [Information Available to the Project Director:]{.underline}** The
Privacy Act of 1974 (5 USC 552a) and the associated Privacy Act
Regulations (45 CFR part 5b) give individuals the right of access, upon
request, to information in the records concerning themselves. The Act
provides a mechanism for correction or amendment of such information. It
also provides for the protection of information pertaining to an
individual, but it does not prevent disclosure if release of such
information is required under the Freedom of Information Act. If a
Privacy Act system of records applies, the name and number of the system
will be identified.
> If applicable, the Privacy Act requires that a Federal agency
> requesting information from an individual advise the individual of the
> agency's authority to make the request: whether compliance with the
> request is voluntary or mandatory, how and why the information will be
> used both inside and outside the agency, and what the consequences are
> for the individual of failing to provide all or any part of the
> requested information.
>
> The DHHS requests the information described in these instructions
> under authority of the PHS Act as amended (42 USC 289a-1). Although
> provision of the information requested is entirely voluntary, it is
> necessary for making grant award decisions. A lack of sufficient
> information may hinder DHHS's ability to review applications. This
> information will be used with the DHHS and may be disclosed outside
> the Department as permitted by the Privacy Act under the applicable
> system of records.
**3. [Government Use of Information:]{.underline}** In addition to being
used in evaluating applications, other routine uses of information can
include disclosures to the public as required by the Freedom of
Information Act, to the Congress, to the National Archives and Records
Service, to the Bureau of the Census, to law enforcement agencies upon
their request, to the General Accounting Office, and under court order.
It may also be disclosed outside of the Department if necessary for the
following purposes:
> 1\. To the cognizant audit agency for auditing;
>
> 2\. To the Department of Justice as required for litigation;
>
> 3\. To respond to an inquiry from a Congressional office about the
> record of an individual made at the request of that individual;
>
> 4\. To qualified experts not within the definition of Department
> employees as prescribed in Department regulations (45 CFR Part 5b.2,
> Purpose and Scope) for opinion as a part of the application review
> process;
>
> 5\. To a Federal agency, in response to its request, in connection
> with the letting of a contract, or the issuance of a license, grant,
> or other benefit by the requesting agency, to the extent that the
> record is relevant and necessary to the requesting agency's decision
> on the matter;
6. To individuals and organizations deemed qualified by the DHHS to
carry out specific research related to the review and award process
of the DHHS;
7. To organizations in the private sector with whom DHHS has contracted
for the purpose of collating, analyzing, aggregating, or otherwise
refining records in a system. Relevant records will be disclosed to
such a contractor. The contractor shall be required to maintain
Privacy Act safeguards with respect to such records; and
8. To the applicant organization in connection with performance or
administration under the terms and conditions of the award.
COE DEFINITIONS
**[Administrative Positions]{.underline}** - Key personnel who are
responsible for management at certain levels of the health professions
school. Administrative positions do **[not]{.underline}** include
clerical/secretarial positions or graduate student or teaching assistant
positions.
**[Compensation of Students]{.underline}** - Compensation in the form of
a stipend is allowable for students engaging in a structured program
and/or a meaningful research training that provides educational
experiences in research methods under the supervision of a faculty
member.
**[Community-Based Health Facilities-]{.underline}** An entity that
provides delivery of health services in a community and may include a
community hospital, community or public health center, outpatient
medical facility, rehabilitation facility, facility for long-term care,
community mental health center, migrant health center, and a facility
operated by a city or county health department that serves and supports
clinical training. These facilities usually serve a catchment area that
is not reasonably accessible to an adequately served area or a
population with special health needs.
**[Consortium]{.underline}** - A group of entities (such as colleges),
formed under a formal agreement, to undertake an enterprise beyond the
resources of any one member.
**[Cultural Competence]{.underline}** - The knowledge and interpersonal
skills that allow health professions educators and practitioners to
understand, appreciate, and respect cultural differences and
similarities within and between cultures other than their own. Cultural
competence acknowledges these variances in customs, values, beliefs, and
communication patterns by incorporating these variables in the
assessments and treatment of individuals and in the training of all
health professionals.
**[Curricula (COE)]{.underline}**- A set of courses offered constituting
an area of specialization that emphasizes or has an impact on minority
health issues.
**[Designated Health Professions School]{.underline}** - A school of
dentistry, allopathic or osteopathic medicine, pharmacy or a graduate
program in behavioral or mental health as defined in section 736(g)(1)
of the PHS Act. The designated school must have met the general
conditions and consortium as defined in the PHS Act, Section
736(c)(1)(B) & (C).
**[Designated Historically Black Colleges and
Universities]{.underline}** - The four schools described in section
799B(1) of the PHS Act that received a contract under section 788B for
fiscal year 1987, as such section was in effect for such fiscal year. In
addition to meeting the general conditions, a grant may be expended to
develop a plan to achieve institutional improvements, including
financial independence, to enable the school to support programs of
excellence in health professions education for URM individuals and to
provide improved access to the library and informational resources of
the school (PHS Act, Section 736 (c)(2)(A)(B)).
**[Faculty]{.underline}** - Appointed individuals who have the
qualifications for teaching, administrating, or conducting research at a
health professions institution. They serve as a resource to counsel,
advise and implement changes in curricula, research, and other
educational areas. For COE purposes, the emphasis will be on teaching
faculty (full- and part-time clinical and junior faculty) and to a
lesser degree on full-time research faculty.
**[General Conditions: PHS Act, Section 736 (c)(1)(B)]{.underline}** -
The conditions specified are that a designated health professions school
([a]{.underline}) has a significant number of URM individuals enrolled
in the school, including individuals accepted for enrollment in the
school; ([b]{.underline}) has been effective in assisting URM students
of the school to complete the program of education and receive the
degree involved; ([c]{.underline}) has been effective in recruiting URM
individuals to enroll in and graduate from the school, including
providing scholarships and other financial assistance to such
individuals and encouraging URM students from all levels of the
educational pipeline to pursue health professions careers; and
([d]{.underline}) has made significant recruitment efforts to increase
the number of URM individuals serving in faculty or administrative
positions at the school.
**[Graduate Programs in Behavioral or Mental Health]{.underline}** - A
graduate program in clinical psychology, clinical social work, marriage
and family therapy, or professional counseling (defined as mental health
counseling, gerontological counseling, and rehabilitation counseling).
**[a) Clinical Psychology]{.underline}** - This specialty comprises
psychologists who are trained and experienced in the delivery of
preventive, assessment, diagnostic, and intervention services relative
to the psychological and physical health of patients based on (1) having
completed scientific and professional training resulting in a doctoral
degree in psychology; (2) having completed an internship and supervised
experience in health care settings; and (3) having been licensed or
certified in their State as psychologists at the independent practice
level.
> **[b) Clinical Social Work]{.underline}** - This is a practice
> specialty of the social work profession. Its purposes are to (1)
> diagnose and treat bio-psychological disability and impairment,
> including mental and emotional disorders and developmental
> disabilities; (2) achieve optimal prevention of bio-psychosocial
> dysfunction; and (3) support and enhance bio-psychosocial strengths
> and functioning. Its practice includes interventions that are not
> limited to assessment and diagnosis, crisis intervention, psychosocial
> and psycho-educational interventions, and brief and long-term
> psychotherapies. Individuals in this profession hold a graduate
> (Master's or Doctoral) degree in social work and have the appropriate
> clinical experience to become licensed for practice in their State.
>
> **[c) Marriage and Family Therapy]{.underline}** - Individuals in this
> specialty are mental health professionals trained in psychotherapy and
> family systems that diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders
> within the context of marriage, couples, and family systems. Marriage
> and Family Therapists have graduate training (a Master's or Doctoral
> degree) in marriage and family therapy and at least 2 years of
> clinical experience. Due to the limited number of URM students
> enrolled in graduate programs in marriage and family therapy, at this
> time these programs are encouraged to build the competitive applicant
> pool by linking with an eligible COE applicant.
**[Health Careers Opportunity Program]{.underline}** - A grant program
under PHS Act, Section 739 that provides educational assistance in the
health professions regarding individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.
**[Health Professional Shortage Area]{.underline}** - An area in an
urban or rural area which need not conform to the geographic boundaries
of a political subdivision and which is a rational area for the delivery
of health services which the Secretary determines has a health manpower
shortage.
A population group that has been determined has such a shortage, or a
public or nonprofit private medical facility or other public facility
that the Secretary determines has such a shortage
(PHS Act, Sec. 332. \[254e\](a)(1).
**[Hispanic Centers of Excellence]{.underline}** - Any designated health
professions school that gives priority to identifying and facilitating
the educational preparation and entry of Hispanic students into the
health professions. The school will establish appropriate linkages with
one or more public or nonprofit community based Hispanic serving
organizations, or public or nonprofit private institutions of higher
education, including schools of nursing, whose enrollment of students
has traditionally included a significant number of Hispanic individuals.
The purposes of which will be to carry out a program, to identify
Hispanic students who are interested in a career in the health
profession involved, and to facilitate the educational preparation of
such students to enter the designated health professions school. The
school will make efforts to recruit Hispanic students, including
students who have participated in the undergraduate or other
matriculation programs carried out under arrangements established by the
school and will assist Hispanic students regarding the completion of the
educational requirements for a degree from the designated health
professions school (PHS Act, Section 736 (c)(3)(C)).
**[Informational Resources]{.underline}** -The collection of materials
(e.g., books, journals, newsletters, library references, and Internet
upgrades) acquired for the institution that will facilitate knowledge
that will benefit faculty and students, with special emphasis in
minority health issues.
**[Linkages]{.underline}** - Partnerships of entities that are formally
linked programmatically. Each member of the partnership must sign an
agreement by an appropriate person at the university or entity with the
authority to commit resources detailing a plan that identifies each
member's role and resources committed to the project.
**[Medically Underserved Community]{.underline}** - An urban or rural
area or population that:
> \(A\) Is eligible for designation under section 332 of the PHS Act as
> a health professional shortage area;
>
> \(B\) Is eligible to be served by a migrant health center under
> section 330, a community health center under Section 330, a grantee
> under Section 330 (relating to homeless individuals), or a grantee
> under Section 330 (relating to residents of public housing);
>
> \(C\) Has a shortage of personal health services, as determined under
> criteria issued by the Secretary under Section 1861(aa)(2) of the
> Social Security Act (relating to rural health clinics); or
>
> \(D\) Is designated by a State Governor (in consultation with the
> medical community) as a shortage area or medically under-served
> community (PHS Act, Section 799B(6)).
**[Minority Health Issues]{.underline}** - Culturally related health
factors that identify with the incidence and prevalence of diseases that
impact on racial and ethnic populations and the provision of quality
health care to such populations.
**[Native American Centers of Excellence]{.underline}** - Any designated
health professions school or **[Consortium]{.underline}** of such
schools that gives priority to identifying and facilitating the
educational preparation and entry of Native American students into the
health professions. The school will establish appropriate linkages with
one or more public or nonprofit private institutions of higher
education, including schools of nursing, whose enrollment of students
has traditionally included a significant number of Native Americans.
The purpose of linkages will be to carry out a program: to identify
Native American students, from the institutions of higher education who
are interested in health professions careers, and to facilitate the
educational preparation of such students to enter the designated health
professions school. The designated health professions school will make
efforts to recruit Native American students, including students who have
participated in the undergraduate program carried out under arrangements
established by the school and will assist Native American students
regarding the completion of the educational requirements for a degree
from the designated health professions school (PHS Act, Section 736
(c)(4)(C)).
**[Native Americans]{.underline}** - "Native Americans" includes
American Indians, Alaska Natives, Aleuts, and Native Hawaiians (PHS Act,
Section 736 (g) (3)).
**["Other" Centers of Excellence]{.underline}** - Any designated health
professions school that meets the general conditions governing
eligibility [and]{.underline} the school involved has an enrollment of
URMs above the national average for such schools enrollment of health
professions schools (PHS Act, Section 736 (c)(5)(B)).
**[Post-Baccalaureate Conditional Admissions Program]{.underline}**- The
purpose of these programs is to provide an avenue for eligible URM
students to gain admission into designated health professions schools.
To be eligible for the program, a student should have an undergraduate
degree and have applied and been denied admission to a health
professions school. Each program must select a cohort of at least seven
students for health professions schools, who\--providing they meet the
program's requirements\--will be guaranteed admission into the health
professions school, or admission into another health professions or
allied health professions school.
> Grant funds will provide stipends to the cohort for both summer
> sessions and during the academic year ([not to exceed 12
> months]{.underline}).
>
> Additionally, COE Post-Baccalaureate programs should include an
> initial diagnostic summer session, post-baccalaureate level academic
> year, pre-matriculation summer session, academic counseling, tutoring,
> and psychosocial support.
**[Pre-matriculation Program]{.underline}** - A 4- to 8-week summer
program designed to prepare COE matriculants for the rigors of the first
year professional school and to ease their transit into the health
professions curriculum.
**[Research]{.underline}** - For COE purposes, this refers to
student/faculty research training. Students learn research skills and
techniques via participation in such projects, preferably based on
minority health issues, with a faculty mentor. Seed grants are
**[not]{.underline}** allowed.
**[Saturday Academies]{.underline}**- Educational enrichment and career
support activities conducted on the weekend during the academic year for
participating students. These activities may include but are not limited
to field trips to health professions schools or health care delivery
facilities, group study sessions, preparation for pre-requisite
examinations, shadowing, tutorial assistance, improving test taking
skills, career clubs, volunteer efforts at health care delivery sites,
etc.
**[Structured Program]{.underline}** - A formal training of a specified
length with a specially designed curriculum or set of activities in
which designated COE students participate to enhance their academic
performance.
**[Under-represented Minority:]{.underline}** Means racial and ethnic
populations that are under-represented in the designated health
profession discipline relative to the number of individuals who are
members of the population involved. This definition would include Black
or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian
or Other Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino and any Asian **[other
than]{.underline}** Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Asian Indian or
Thai (PHS Act, Section 799B(10).
[]{#refheading___toc83201520 .anchor}[IX. TIPS FOR WRITING A STRONG
APPLICATION]{.underline}
> **Include DUNS Number.** You must include a DUNS Number to have your
> application reviewed. Applications ***will not*** be reviewed without
> a DUNS number. To obtain a DUNS number, access
> [www.dunandbradstreet.com](http://www.dunandbradstreet.com/) or call
> 1-866-705-5711. Please include the DUNS number next to the OMB
> Approval Number on the application face page.
>
> **Keep your audience in mind.** Reviewers will use only the
> information contained in the application to assess the application. Be
> sure the application and responses to the program requirements and
> expectations are complete and clearly written. Do not assume that
> reviewers are familiar with the applicant organization. Keep the
> review criteria in mind when writing the application.
>
> **Start preparing the application early.** Allow plenty of time to
> gather required information from various sources.
>
> **Follow the instructions in this guidance carefully.** Place all
> information in the order requested in the guidance. If the information
> is not placed in the requested order, you may receive a lower score.
>
> **Be brief, concise, and clear.** Make your points understandable.
> Provide accurate and honest information, including candid accounts of
> problems and realistic plans to address them. If any required
> information or data is omitted, explain why. Make sure the information
> provided in each table, chart, attachment, etc., is consistent with
> the proposal narrative and information in other tables.
>
> **Be organized and logical.** Many applications fail to receive a high
> score because the reviewers cannot follow the thought process of the
> applicant or because parts of the application do not fit together.
>
> **Be careful in the use of appendices.** Do not use the appendices for
> information that is required in the body of the application. Be sure
> to cross-reference all tables and attachments located in the
> appendices to the appropriate text in the application.
>
> **Carefully proofread the application.** Misspellings and grammatical
> errors will impede reviewers in understanding the application. Be sure
> pages are numbered (including appendices) and that page limits are
> followed. Limit the use of abbreviations and acronyms, and define each
> one at its first use and periodically throughout application.
>
> **Print out and carefully review an electronic application**. If
> submitting electronically, print out the application before submitting
> it to ensure appropriate formatting and adherence to page limit
> requirements.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201521 .anchor}x. [appendix]{.underline}
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201522 .anchor}HRSA Training Grant Application
Forms:
[Form 6025-1:]{.underline}
Application Face Page and Directions
[Form 6025-2:]{.underline}
Detailed Budget
[Form 6025-3:]{.underline}
Consolidated Budget
**COE Suggested Templates:**
[Form A:]{.underline}
Application Table of Contents
[Form B:]{.underline}
Checklist
[Form C:]{.underline}
Biographical Sketch
[Form D:]{.underline}
Maintenance of Effort
[Form E:]{.underline}
Summary of Project
[Form F:]{.underline}
COE Purpose Reference Table
[Form G:]{.underline}
Enrollment Tables
[Form H:]{.underline}
Student Training in Health Care Services
[Form I:]{.underline}
General Condition Guidelines
## *Form 6025-1*
# Application Face Page
> **OMB Approval NO. 915-0060**
Expiration Date: 08/31/2006
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| # DEPARTMENT OF | | **Date | **Grant |
| HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES | | Received** | Number** |
| | | | |
| **Health Resources and | | | |
| Services Administration** | | | |
| | | | |
| **Grant Application** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| ## Centers of Excellence | | **CFDA No. | **[DUNS |
| | | 93.157** | No.]{.und |
| | | | erline}** |
| | | **COE** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **1. Title of Proposal | | | |
| *(not to exceed 56 | | | |
| spaces)*** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **2a. Project Director, | | **2b. Highest | **2c. |
| Name *(last, first, | | Degree** | Social |
| middle initial & position | | | Security |
| title)*** | | | No.** |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **2d. Mailing Address | | **2e. E-Mail | |
| *(organization, street, | | Address** | |
| city, state, zip code)*** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| | | **2f. | |
| | | Department** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| | | **2g. School or | |
| | | College** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **2h. Telephone *(area | | **2i. Fax (area | |
| code, number, | | code, number)** | |
| extension)*** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **3. Dates of entire | | **4. Applicant | |
| proposed project period | | Organization | |
| (This application)** | | *(name and | |
| | | address)*** | |
| > **From To** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **5. Congressional | | | |
| District of Applicant | | | |
| Other Districts that | | | |
| Benefit Financially from | | | |
| this Application** | | | |
| | | | |
| **\ | | | |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | | | |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | | | |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | | | |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **6. Official in business | | **6a. Single | |
| office to be contacted | | point of | |
| concerning application | | contact if | |
| *(name, title, address | | different from | |
| and telephone number)*** | | 6** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| | | **6b. E-Mail | |
| | | address of | |
| | | single point of | |
| | | contact** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **7. Entity | **8. | | |
| identification no.** | Official | | |
| | signing | | |
| | for | | |
| | a | | |
| | pplicant | | |
| | orga | | |
| | nization | | |
| | (name, | | |
| | title | | |
| | and | | |
| | t | | |
| | elephone | | |
| | n | | |
| | umber)** | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **9. Type of organization | | | |
| *(see instructions) *** | | | |
| | | | |
| **Private Nonprofit** | | | |
| | | | |
| **Public (Specify | | | |
| Federal, State, Local) | | | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\ | | | |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **10. Project Director | | **11. Signature | |
| Assurance:** | | of person named | |
| | | in item 2a.** | |
| **I agree to accept | | | |
| responsibility for the | | **\"PER\" | |
| conduct of the project | | signature not | |
| and to provide the | | acceptable.** | |
| required progress reports | | | |
| if a grant is awarded as | | **\_\_\ | |
| a result of this | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | |
| application.** | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | |
| | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | |
| | | Date | |
| | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\ | |
| | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_** | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
| **12. Certification and | | **13. Signature | |
| acceptance** | | of person named | |
| | | in item 8.** | |
| **I certify that the | | | |
| statements herein are | | **\"PER\" | |
| true and complete to the | | signature not | |
| best of my knowledge and | | acceptable.** | |
| accept the obligation to | | | |
| comply with the DHHS | | **\_\_\_\_\ | |
| terms and conditions if a | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | |
| grant is awarded as a | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | |
| result of this | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | |
| application. A willfully | | Date | |
| false certification is a | | \_\_\_\_\_\ | |
| criminal offense (U.S. | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_** | |
| Code, Title 18, Section | | | |
| 1001).** | | | |
+---------------------------+----------+-----------------+-----------+
**HRSA-6025-1 (Formerly PHS-6025-1)(Revised 6/00)**
**Face Page Directions**
1\. **Title of Proposal**- Enter a descriptive title for this project.
Do not exceed 56 characters.
2a. **Project Director** - Designate the [individual]{.underline} who
will direct and be responsible to the applicant institution for the
proposed project.
2b. **Highest Degree** - Enter the highest degree earned by the project
director.
2c. **Social Security Number** -- To ensure privacy, we are neither
requesting nor accepting Social Security Numbers.
2d. **Mailing Address** - Enter the office address of the project
director if different from address in item 4.
2e. **E-Mail Address** - Enter the address at which the project director
can receive e-mail.
2f. **Department** -- Enter the Organizational affiliation, such as
Department of Medicine, Social Service Institute, etc.
2g. **School or College** -- Enter the name of the school, college, or
other major subdivision such as medicine, dental, public health, etc.
2h. **Telephone** - Enter the number at which the project director
usually can be reached during business hours.
2i. **FAX** - Enter the number at which the project director can receive
FAX mail.
3\. **Dates of Entire Proposed Project Period** - The total period of
support is 3 years. Generally, the start date is September 1.
4\. **Applicant Organization** - Name the one institution that will be
legally and financially responsible and accountable for the use and
disposition of any DHHS funds awarded on the basis of this application.
Enter name and address (street, city, state, [nine-digit zip
code]{.underline}).
5\. **Congressional District of Applicant** - Enter the Congressional
District in which the applicant institution is located.
5a. **Other Districts that Benefit Financially from this Grant** - Enter
the other Congressional District(s) that may benefit financially if an
award is made.
6\. **Official in Business Office to be Contacted Concerning
Application** - Self-explanatory.
6a. **Single Point of Contact** is a designated institutional official
responsible for all business management activities between the
institution and the Grants Management Office of the Bureau of Health
Professions (BHPr). **Only complete this item if the institution has not
previously designated a point of contact with BHPr.**
6b. **E-Mail Address of Single Point of Contact** - Self-explanatory.
7\. **Entity Identification Number** - Enter the number assigned by DHHS
to each grantee institution for payment and accounting purposes. If a
number has not been assigned, enter institution\'s IRS employer
identification number.
8\. **Official Signing for the Applicant Organization** - See
instruction for item 13.
9\. **Type of Organization** - Some Federal organizations must submit a
document of eligibility with the completed application in accordance
with DHHS Policy.
> A private nonprofit organization must submit proof of its nonprofit
> status if it has not previously done so. If such proof has been
> previously submitted to any component of DHHS, identify the component
> and the date submitted. Acceptable proof to be submitted with the
> completed application may be: (a) a reference to the organization\'s
> listing in the most recent IRS cumulative list of tax exempt
> organizations; or (b) a copy of a currently valid IRS tax exemption
> certificate; or (c) a statement from a State taxing authority or State
> Attorney General, certifying that the organization is a nonprofit
> organization operating within the State and that no part of its
> earnings may lawfully inure to the benefit of any private shareholder
> or individual; or (d) a certified copy of the certificate of
> incorporation or other document which clearly establishes the
> nonprofit status of the organization; or (e) any of the items
> immediately above for a State or national parent organization and a
> statement signed by the parent organization that the applicant
> organization is a local non-profit affiliate.
10\. **Project Director Assurance -** Self-explanatory.
11\. **Signature** - Self-explanatory.
12\. **Certification and Acceptance** - The signature of an authorized
official of the applicant institution is required as certification that
the information in the application is correct, that the institution
agrees to abide by enabling legislation, applicable regulations, DHHS
policies, and conditions placed on the award, and that adequate
facilities will be made available for the conduct of the proposed
project.
13\. **Signature** - Self-explanatory. If the official named in item 8
is not available to sign for the applicant organization, an official
authorized may sign as \"acting\" for such official. \"Per\" signatures
are not acceptable. Signatures are required in ink and on original copy
only.
[]{#refheading___toc83201527 .anchor}*Form 6025-2*
DETAILED BUDGET
**Refer to application instructions for completing the budget. OMB
Approval Number 0915-0060, Expiration Date: 08/31/2006**
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ####### **A. Non- trainee Expenses** |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------+---------+----+-----+-------+-------+-----------+
| ### Name | ### Tit | * | **H | ### S | **Fri | # |
| | le of P | *% | our | alary | nge** | ### Total |
| | osition | ** | s** | | | |
| | | | | | ** | |
| | | | * | | Benef | |
| | | | *pe | | its** | |
| | | | r** | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | ** | | | |
| | | | wee | | | |
| | | | k** | | | |
+-------------------+---------+----+-----+-------+-------+-----------+
------------------------------------------ ------- -------- ------------
Subtotals
------------------------------------------ ------- -------- ------------
**HRSA-6025-2 (Formerly PHS-6025-2) (Revised 6/00) OMB Approval NO.
0915-060** 2006
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201533 .anchor}*Form 6025-3*
**CONSOLIDATED BUDGET**
<table>
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<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Direct Costs</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p><strong>First Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2006</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Second Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2007</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Third Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2008</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Program Area(s)</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Discipline(s)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2">A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>A. Non-Trainee Expenses</strong></td>
<td colspan="17"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Personnel</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Consultant Costs</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Equipment</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Contracts</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Supplies</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Staff Travel</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Other Expenses</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Subtotal Section A</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>B. Trainee Expenses</strong></td>
<td colspan="16"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Stipends</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Tuition & Fees</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Trainee Travel</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Subtotal Section B</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Total Direct Costs (Add Subtotals of Sections A &
B)</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**Indirect Cost Requested? [\_\_\_]{.underline}Yes
[\_\_\_]{.underline}No If \"Yes,\" at [\_\_\_]{.underline}% rate.**
**[NOTE:]{.underline} Replace A\* and B\* with involved program area(s)
and replace A1\*, A2\*, B1\*, and B2\* with the involved discipline(s).
If more than 2 disciplines are involved in one program area in a
combined application, the applicant may add another column as
appropriate. If more program areas are involved, more columns may be
added, or the table may be duplicated.**
HRSA-6025-3 Page 1 (Formerly PHS-6025-3; Revised 06/200) **OMB Approval
NO. 0915-0060**
**CONSOLIDATED BUDGET (Cont.)**
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>C. Estimated Funding</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>First Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2006</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Second Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2007</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Third Budget Period</strong></p>
<p><strong>FY 2008</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Program Area(s)</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A*</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B*</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Discipline(s)</strong></td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
<td>A1*</td>
<td>A2*</td>
<td>B1*</td>
<td>B2*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Federal (Requested in this Application)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Other Federal</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Applicant Institution</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>State, Local/Other</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Program Income</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**[NOTE:]{.underline} Replace A\* and B\* with involved program area(s)
and replace A1\*, A2\*, B1\*, and B2\* with the involved discipline(s).
If more than 2 disciplines are involved in one program area in a
combined application, the applicant may add another column as
appropriate. If more program areas are involved, more columns may be
added, or the table may be duplicated.**
HRSA-6025-3 Page 2 (Formerly PHS-6025-3)
(Revised 06/2000)
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201536 .anchor}COE Suggested Template A
**APPLICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS**
**The applicant should use the following outline upon completion of the
application materials for submission.**
**Section Page Number**
**I. [Face Page]{.underline}**
**II. [Table of Contents ]{.underline}**
**III. [Application Checklist]{.underline}**
**IV. [Summary of Project]{.underline}**
**V. [Budget]{.underline}**
- **Detailed**
- **Consolidated**
**VI. [Budget Justification]{.underline}**
**VII. [Staffing Plan & Personnel Requirements]{.underline}**
**VIII. [Assurances]{.underline}**
**IX. [Certifications and Other Program Requirements]{.underline}**
**X. [Project Abstract]{.underline}**
**XI. [Program Narrative]{.underline}**
- **Introduction**
- **Institutional Commitment**
- **Needs Assessment**
- **Cultural Competence Development**
- **Methodology, Workplan & Evaluation**
- **Progress Report**
**XII. [Appendices]{.underline}**
- **HRSA Training Grant Application Forms**
- **COE Suggested Templates**
> **- General Conditions Guidelines -- COE Suggested Template I**
>
> **- Enrollment Tables -- COE Suggested Template G**
>
> **- Maintenance of Effort Table -- COE Suggested Template D**
>
> **- COE Purpose Reference Table -- COE Suggested Template F**
>
> **- Biographical Sketch -- COE Suggested Template C**
>
> **- Student Training in Health Care Services -- COE Suggested Template
> H**
## COE Suggested Template B
## CHECKLIST
**This is the required last page of the application.**
**(Check the appropriate boxes and provide the information requested.)**
**TYPE OF APPLICATION**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_ New application (This application is being submitted to
DHHS for a project or program not currently receiving support.)**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_ Competing Continuation of grant number:**
> **(This application is to extend for one or more additional budget
> periods a project period that would otherwise expire.)**
**ASSURANCES, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS**
**Please see the instructions for Assurances, Certifications and Other
Requirements. If the necessary forms have been filed, assurances and
certification made, and other requirements met, please check \"yes\"
below. If \"no\" is checked, please explain. Please see following page
for assurances, certifications and other requirement.**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Yes**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ No (If \"No,\" provide explanation.)**
**DATA UNIVERSAL NUMBERING SYSTEM (DUNS)**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ DUNS number has been completed on the face page**
***Assurances**:*
Please check \"Yes\" on the Checklist (COE Suggested Template B, page
47) if all conditions are met. If one or more of the following
assurances, certifications, and other requirements are not met, check
"No" and explain.
> **1.** **Civil Rights**: Before an award is made, the applicant
> organization must have submitted, and had accepted by the DHHS Office
> for Civil Rights, an Assurance of Compliance Form DHHS 690 in
> accordance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, P.L. 88-352.
> Pertinent DHHS regulations are found in 45 CFR Part 80. This provides
> that no person in the United States shall on the grounds of race,
> color, or national origin be excluded from participation in, be denied
> the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination under any
> program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance from DHHS.
>
> **2. Handicapped Individuals:** Before an award is made, the applicant
> organization must have submitted, and had accepted by the DHHS Office
> for Civil Rights, an Assurance of Compliance Form HHS 690, in
> accordance with Sec. 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, P.L.
> 93-112, as amended (29 USC 794).
>
> This provides that no handicapped individual shall, solely by reason
> of the handicap, be excluded from participation in, be denied the
> benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or
> activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Pertinent DHHS
> regulations are found in 45 CFR Part 84.
**3. Age Discrimination**: In accordance with Title III of the Age
Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, P.L. 94-135, 45 CFR Part 91,
attention is called to the general rule that no person in the United
States shall, on the basis of age, be excluded from participation in, be
denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any
program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. The required
assurance (Form HHS-690) must be on file with the Office for Civil
Rights, Office of the Secretary, HHS, before a grant may be made.
**4. Sex Discrimination**: Before an award is made, the applicant
educational organization must have submitted and had accepted by the
DHHS Office for Civil Rights an Assurance of Compliance Form HHS 690 in
accordance with Sec. 901 of Title IX of the Education Amendments of
1972, P.L. 92-318, as amended, which provides that no person shall, on
the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the
benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education
program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Pertinent
DHHS regulations are found in 45 CFR Part 86.
> Specific provisions in Titles VII and VIII of the PHS Act (currently
> numbered Secs. 794 and 810) prohibit the Secretary, DHHS, from making
> any grant, contract, loan guarantee, or interest subsidy payment under
> Title VII or VIII to an entity which does not furnish assurances
> satisfactory to the Secretary that the entity will not discriminate on
> the basis of sex in the admission of individuals to its training
> programs.
>
> In accordance with 45 CFR Part 83 of DHHS regulations, no grant,
> contract, loan guarantee or interest subsidy payment under Titles VII
> and VIII of the PHS Act shall be made to or for the benefit of any
> entity unless the entity furnishes assurances satisfactory to the
> Director, Office for Civil Rights, that the entity will not
> discriminate on the basis of sex in the admission of individuals to
> its training programs.
5. **Other Discrimination**: Attention is called to the requirements of
Sec. 401 of the Health Programs Extension Act of 1973, P.L. 93-45,
as amended (42 USC 300a-7), which provides that no entity that
receives any grant, contract, loan, loan guarantee, or interest
subsidy under the PHS Act may deny admission or otherwise
discriminate against any applicant (including applicants for
internships and residencies) for training or study because of the
applicant's reluctance or willingness to counsel, suggest,
recommend, assist, or in any way participate in the performance of
abortions or sterilizations contrary to, or consistent with, the
applicant's religious beliefs or moral convictions.
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc83201481 .anchor}*Certifications and Other
Requirements*
> Please check \"Yes\" on the Checklist (COE Suggested Template B, page
> 47) if all conditions are met. If one or more of the following
> assurances, certifications, and other requirements are not met, check
> "No" and explain.
1. **Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988, Title V, Subtitle D of P.L.
100-690**: The applicant institution must comply with the
requirements of 45 CFR Part 82, which require certification that
grantees will provide and maintain a drug-free workplace.
> **2. Certification Regarding Lobbying and Disclosure of Lobbying
> Activities**: Each person shall file a certification and a disclosure
> form, if required, with each submission that initiates agency
> consideration of such person for award of a Federal contract, grant,
> loan, or cooperative agreement award action exceeding \$100,000.
> Government-wide guidance for restrictions on lobbying was published by
> the Office of Management and Budget in the *Federal Register*, 54 FR
> 52306, December 20, 1989. Pertinent DHHS regulations are found in 45
> CFR Part 93. See also authority under Sec. 319, P.L. 101-121, as
> amended (31 USC 1352).
>
> **3. Misconduct in Science**: Each institution that applies for or
> receives assistance under a research, research-training, or
> research-related grant or cooperative agreement under the PHS Act must
> submit an annual assurance (Form PHS 6349) certifying that the
> institution has established administrative policies as required by the
> Final Rule (42 CFR Part 50, Subpart A) and that it will comply with
> those policies and requirements of the Final Rule as published in the
> *Federal Register* at 54 FR 32449, August 8, 1989.
>
> As of January 1, 1990, Notice of Grant awards for grants and
> cooperative agreements involving research may be issued only to
> institutions that have filed with the Office of Research Integrity
> (ORI), acceptable assurances for dealing with and reporting possible
> misconduct in science. The respective Grants Management Offices will
> determine the status of an institution by contacting ORI.
>
> **4. Debarment and Suspension**: The applicant organization must
> certify, among other things, that neither it nor its principals are
> presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared
> ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from covered transactions by any
> Federal department or agency. Sub-awardees that is, other
> corporations, partnerships, or other legal entities (called "lower
> tier" participants), must make the same certification to the applicant
> organization concerning their covered transactions. Pertinent DHHS
> regulations are found in 45 CFR Part 76 and refer to Executive Order
> 12549 which provides that, to the extent permitted by law, executive
> departments and agencies shall participate in a government-wide system
> for non-procurement debarment and suspension.
5. **Statement of Non-Delinquency on Federal Debt**: This question
applies only to the person or institution requesting financial
assistance and does not apply to the person who signs an application
form as the authorized representative of an institution or on behalf
of another person who actually receives the funds.
> Examples of Federal Debt include delinquent taxes, audit
> disallowances, guaranteed or direct student loans, FHA loans, and
> other miscellaneous administrative debts. For purposes of this
> statement, the following definitions apply:
- For direct loans, a debt more than 31 days past due on a scheduled
payment.
- For agents, recipients of a "Notice of Grants Cost Disallowance" who
have not repaid the disallowed amount or who have not resolved the
disallowance.
- For guaranteed and insured loans, recipients of a loan guaranteed by
the Federal Government that the Federal Government has repurchased
from a lender because the borrower breached the loan agreement and
is in default.
6. **Drug-Free Schools and Campuses**: The Drug-Free Schools and
Communities Act Amendments of 1989, P.L. 101-226, Sec. 22, which
added Sec. 1213 to the Higher Education Act, require that any public
or private institution of higher education (including independent
hospitals conducting training programs for health care personnel),
State educational agency, or local educational agency receiving
Federal financial assistance to certify to the Secretary of
Education, as a condition for funding, that it has adopted and
implemented a drug prevention program as described in regulations at
34 CFR Part 86. The provisions of the regulations also apply to sub
grantees that receive Federal funds from any Federal grantee
regardless of whether or not the primary grantee is an institution
of higher education, State educational agency, or local educational
agency.
> **7. Bloodborne Diseases:** Sec. 308 of Title III of P.L. 102-408, the
> Health Professions Education Extension Amendments of 1992, requires
> that with respect to awards of grants or contracts under Title VII or
> VIII of the PHS Act, the Secretary of HHS may make such an award for
> the provision of traineeships only if the applicant for the award
> provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that all trainees
> will, as appropriate, receive instruction in the utilization of
> universal precautions and infection control procedures for the
> prevention of the transmission of bloodborne diseases.
**8. Smoke-Free Workplace**: The Public Health Service strongly
encourages all grant and cooperative agreement recipients to provide a
smoke-free workplace and promote the nonuse of all tobacco products.
Title X, Part C of P.L. 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits
smoking in certain facilities that receive Federal funds in which
education, library, day care, health care, and early childhood
development services are provided to children.
**COE Suggested Template C**
##### BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
**Name: (Last, first, middle initial)**
**Title:**
**Education:**
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| **Institution and Location** | ### | **Year** | ###### |
| | ## Degree | | Field of |
| | | **Co | |
| | | nferred** | **Study** |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+
**Professional Experience:**
**COE Suggested Template D**
***MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT TABLE***
**NON-FEDERAL EXPENDITURES**
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **FY 2005 (Actual)** | **FY 2006 (Estimated)** |
| | |
| Actual FY 2004 non-Federal funds, | Estimated FY 2005 non-Federal |
| including in-kind, expended for | funds, including in-kind, |
| activities proposed in this | designated for activities |
| application. If proposed | proposed in this application. |
| activities are not currently | |
| funded by the institution, enter | **Amount: |
| \$0. | [\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}** |
| **Amount: | |
| [\$\_\_\_\_\_\_ | |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}** | |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
##
**COE Suggested Template E**
##### SUMMARY OF PROJECT
**(Limit to 3 pages)**
**Project Title:**
**COE Designation: See Designation of Centers of Excellence**
**Organization Name:**
**Address:**
**Project Director: Telephone:**
**E-mail: Fax :**
**Project Period:**
**I.** [**PURPOSE AND PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS**]{.underline}
[Summarize]{.underline} the following:
- **Introduction**
- **Institutional Commitment**
- **Needs Assessment**
- **Cultural Competence Development**
- **Methodology, Workplan & Evaluation**
- **Progress Report**
**COE Suggested Template F**
> **COE PURPOSE REFERENCE TABLE**
>
> Using the table below, identify which objective and/or grant related
> activity addresses each of the corresponding COE Legislative
> Requirements and Review Criteria and the page where it can be found**.
> The size of the chart may be altered.**
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| **COE Review | **Related | **Page Reference** |
| Criteria** | Objective(s) or | |
| | Activity** | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| NEEDS ASSESSMENT | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| RESOURCES/ | | |
| CAPABILITIES/IMPACT | | |
| | | |
| - Institutional | | |
| Commitment | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| RESPONSE | | |
| | | |
| - Student | | |
| Performance | | |
| | | |
| - Faculty | | |
| Development | | |
| | | |
| ```{=html} | | |
| <!-- --> | | |
| ``` | | |
| - Information | | |
| Resources, | | |
| Clinical | | |
| Education, | | |
| Curricula | | |
| | | |
| - Competitive | | |
| Applicant Pool | | |
| | | |
| - Faculty and | | |
| Student Research | | |
| | | |
| - Student Training | | |
| in Providing | | |
| Health Care | | |
| Services | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| CULTURAL COMPETENCE | | |
| | | |
| DEVELOPMENT | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| EVALUATIVE MEASURES | | |
| | | |
| - Progress Report | | |
| Summary | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| SUPPORT REQUESTED | | |
| | | |
| - Budget | | |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
**OMB Approval NO. 0915-0060**
**COE Suggested Template G**
**Enrollment Tables**
**Institution:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**TABLE I: Number and Percent Distribution of First-Year Enrollment of
URM**
**Students by Race/Ethnicity & Academic Year**
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| | * | | | | | | | |
| | *F | | | | | | | |
| | IR | | | | | | | |
| | ST | | | | | | | |
| | YE | | | | | | | |
| | AR | | | | | | | |
| | EN | | | | | | | |
| | RO | | | | | | | |
| | LL | | | | | | | |
| | ME | | | | | | | |
| | NT | | | | | | | |
| | A | | | | | | | |
| | ND | | | | | | | |
| | P | | | | | | | |
| | ER | | | | | | | |
| | CE | | | | | | | |
| | NT | | | | | | | |
| | ** | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **RACE/ETHNICITY** | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | *2 | | *2 | | *2 | | *2 | |
| | 00 | | 00 | | 00 | | 00 | |
| | 2- | | 3- | | 4- | | 5- | |
| | 03 | | 04 | | 05 | | 06 | |
| | ** | | ** | | ** | | ** | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| | * | ** | * | ** | * | ** | * | ** |
| | *N | %** | *N | %** | *N | %** | *N | %** |
| | o. | | o. | | o. | | o. | |
| | ** | | ** | | ** | | ** | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Black or African | | | | | | | | |
| American** | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| **(Non Hispanic)** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Hispanic or | | | | | | | | |
| Latino** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **American Indian | | | | | | | | |
| , Alaska Native** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Native Hawaiian | | | | | | | | |
| or Other Pacific | | | | | | | | |
| Islander** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Asian, | | | | | | | | |
| U | | | | | | | | |
| nder-represented** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Total URM | | | | | | | | |
| Students** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Total | | | | | | | | |
| Non | | | | | | | | |
| -Under-represented | | | | | | | | |
| Students** | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| **\[White (Non | | | | | | | | |
| Hispanic); Asian, | | | | | | | | |
| Non-Und | | | | | | | | |
| er-represented\]** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
| **Total First Year | | ** | | ** | | ** | | ** |
| Students** | | 100 | | 100 | | 100 | | 100 |
| | | %** | | %** | | %** | | %** |
+--------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
**Note: Any clarifications on data in Table I should be provided
immediately following the table.**
**TABLE II: Number and Percent Distribution of Total School Enrollment
of URM**
**Students by Race/Ethnicity & Academic Year**
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| | * | | | | | | | |
| | *T | | | | | | | |
| | OT | | | | | | | |
| | AL | | | | | | | |
| | SC | | | | | | | |
| | HO | | | | | | | |
| | OL | | | | | | | |
| | EN | | | | | | | |
| | RO | | | | | | | |
| | LL | | | | | | | |
| | ME | | | | | | | |
| | NT | | | | | | | |
| | A | | | | | | | |
| | ND | | | | | | | |
| | P | | | | | | | |
| | ER | | | | | | | |
| | CE | | | | | | | |
| | NT | | | | | | | |
| | ** | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **RACE/ETHNICITY** | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | *2 | | *2 | | *2 | | *2 | |
| | 00 | | 00 | | 00 | | 00 | |
| | 2- | | 3- | | 4- | | 5- | |
| | 03 | | 04 | | 05 | | 06 | |
| | ** | | ** | | ** | | ** | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| | *N | *%** | *N | *% | *N | * | *N | * |
| | o. | | o. | ** | o. | % | o. | % |
| | ** | | ** | | ** | * | ** | * |
| | | | | | | * | | * |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Black or African | | | | | | | | |
| American** | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| **(Non-Hispanic)** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Hispanic or Latino** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **American Indian, | | | | | | | | |
| Alaska Native** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Native Hawaiian, Other | | | | | | | | |
| Pacific Islander** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Asian, | | | | | | | | |
| Under-represented** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Total URM Students** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Total | | | | | | | | |
| Non-Under-represented | | | | | | | | |
| Students** | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| **\[White (Non | | | | | | | | |
| Hispanic); Asian, | | | | | | | | |
| N | | | | | | | | |
| on-Under-represented\]** | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
| **Total Students | | **10 | | ** | | * | | * |
| Enrolled** | | 0%** | | 10 | | * | | * |
| | | | | 0% | | 1 | | 1 |
| | | | | ** | | 0 | | 0 |
| | | | | | | 0 | | 0 |
| | | | | | | % | | % |
| | | | | | | * | | * |
| | | | | | | * | | * |
+--------------------------+----+------+----+----+----+---+----+---+
**Note: Any clarifications on data in Table II should be provided
immediately following the table.**
**COE Suggested Template H**
## STUDENT TRAINING IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES (Renewals Only)
**How many COE Students participated in Health Services Training at
sites located in Community Based Health Facilities in the [past 3
years]{.underline}? Identify if it is a Health Professional Shortage
Area (HPSA) with an asterisk (\*). Please fill in the number of
students, the name and location of the training site and the average
number of days per student.**
---------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------
Number of Name/Location of Training Average \# of days per
Students Site student
---------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------
**COE Suggested Template I**
###### General Condition Guidelines
**Name of School:** **Eligible Discipline:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Section I - Health Profession School Type "COE Designation"**
> Total School Enrollment for COE Category:
>
> (Enter only the total School Enrollment in Whole Numbers for your COE
> Category, with the exception of "Other URM" category; please enter
> percentage for Total School Enrollment
**(Enter only the total School Enrollment Numbers for your COE
Category)**
**HBCU HSI NA OTHER URM**
**Qualifier: Should meet the school enrollment number requirements for
COE Category and Discipline**
**Section II - Number of URM Graduates**
1\. Total #URMs in Entering Class 2001\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Whole #) or
2002\_\_\_\_\_\_(Whole #)
2\. Total \# URMs from line 1 graduating by Academic Year 2006\_\_\_\_
(Whole Number)
3\. URM graduation rate for 20056\_\_\_\_\_ (will be a 4 or 5 year rate
depending on the year of the entering class specified above)
**Qualifier: Applicant should have a URM graduation rate of at least 85%
over 4 or 5 years. For Native American COEs Only: Applicant should have
a URM graduation rate of at least 75%.**
**Section III- Scholarships/Financial Assistance**
Total \# URM in Designated School \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Total \# URM with Self-Pay (ONLY) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Total \# URM Receiving Financial Assistance\* (ONLY)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Total \# URM with Self-Pay [and]{.underline} Financial Assistance\*
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**\_\_**
**\* Financial Assistance includes scholarships, grants, tuition
waivers, student loans, etc., which have been obtained from any source**
**Additional Data:**
**Using the [total number]{.underline} of URM students listed above,
determine what percentage of their professional education costs are
from:**
**Self-Pay \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Scholarships / Grants \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Tuition Waivers / etc. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Student Loans \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Qualifier: Applicant should have 100% of their URM students receiving
some type of financial assistance.**
**COE Suggested Template I (cont'd)**
**Section IV- URM Full and Part-time Faculty and Administrative
Positions**
**[ACADEMIC YEAR \| 2002 \| 2003 \| 2004 \| 2005 \| 2006
\|]{.underline}**
**Total \# of Faculty\***
**Total \# of URM Faculty\***
**Percent of URM Faculty**
**Total \# of Vacancies\*
====================================================================**
**Total \# of Admin. Positions \*\***
**Total \# of URM Admin. Positions\*\***
**Percent of URM Admin. Positions**
**Total \# of Admin. Positions**
**Vacancies**
**\*Part-time does NOT include Adjunct Faculty**
**\*\*See Definition Section**
Briefly explain Applicant's significant effort to recruit and retain URM
Faculty and
Administrative Positions:
**Qualifier: Description of policies and/or activities showing how the
Institution has made significant recruitment efforts to increase the
number of under-represented minority individuals serving in faculty or
administrative positions.**
| en |
converted_docs | 257201 | **Laboratory Name**
**Phone (xx) xxx-xxxx FAX (xxx) xxx-xxxx**
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ## Procedure | Antibody to HIV-1/HIV-2 Detection in Human Serum or |
| | Plasma by Synthetic Peptide EIA (Genetic Systems) |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
----------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
**Prepared By** **Date Adopted** **Supercedes Procedure
\#**
----------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
----------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
**Review Date** **Revision Date** **Signature**
----------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
---------------------------------------------- ------------------------
**Distributed To** **Number of Copies**
---------------------------------------------- ------------------------
# Purposes:
Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA is the Genetic Systems
Corporation qualitative enzyme immunoassay for the detection of
antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and/or Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) in human serum and plasma, and
also in cadaveric serum specimens. The HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA is
intended for screening blood and blood products intended for transfusion
or for further manufacture into plasma products.
## Summary And Explanation Of The Test
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by viruses
transmitted by sexual contact, exposure to blood (including sharing
contaminated needles and syringes) or certain blood products, or
transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus or child during the
perinatal period.^1^ Additionally, transmission of HIV and other
infectious diseases can occur through tissue transplantation.^2^ Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) has been isolated from patients
with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC), and the virus has been
characterized extensively.^3-7^ HIV-1 was thought to be the sole
causative agent of these syndromes until 1986, when a second type of
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 or
HIV-2) was isolated and also reported to cause AIDS.^8-9^ Since the
initial discovery, more than 600 cases of HIV-2 infection have been
documented worldwide, with over 40 cases of AIDS related to HIV‑2.^10^
In the United States, there have been more than 50 cases of infection
with HIV‑2 reported.^11-16^
This second immunodeficiency virus is similar to, but distinct from,
HIV-1. Both viruses have similar morphology and lymphotropism,^17^ and
the modes of transmission appear to be identical.^10,18^ In addition,
the HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomes exhibit about 60% homology in conserved
genes such as *[gag]{.underline}* and *[pol]{.underline}*, and 35-45%
homology in the envelope genes.^19^ Serologic studies have also shown
that the core proteins of HIV‑1 and HIV-2 display frequent
cross-reactivity whereas the envelope proteins are more
type-specific.^20^
Despite this immunologic cross-reactivity, detection of antibodies to
HIV-2 with any of the licensed HIV-1 enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) is
highly variable. In one study, detection of HIV-2 EIA positive samples
ranged from 59.2% to 90.9%, depending on the test used.^21^ The Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA is comprised of four highly conserved,
immunodominant peptide sequences representing HIV-1 and HIV-2.^22-28^
The peptide sequences were derived from three different, prevalent virus
strains. The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA was developed to
improve both the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of
antibodies to HIV-1 and/or HIV‑2 for blood screening and to aid in
diagnosis of HIV infection.
Any specimen that reacts in an initial test (is initially reactive) with
the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA must be retested in
duplicate with the Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. Initially
reactive specimens that are reactive in either one or both duplicates
from the repeat testing are referred to as repeatedly reactive.
Repeatedly reactive specimens may contain antibodies to either HIV‑1 or
HIV-2. Therefore, additional, more specific or supplemental tests for
antibodies to both HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 such as Western blot,
immunofluorescence, or radioimmunoprecipitation must be performed to
verify presence of antibodies to HIV. Recommendations for appropriate
use of such additional tests may be issued periodically by the United
States Public Health Service.
## Biological Principles Of The Procedure
The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA is manufactured using
synthetic peptides derived from highly conserved, immunodominant regions
of the *env* (envelope) and *pol* (polymerase) gene products for HIV-1
and HIV-2. The microwells are coated with a mixture of four peptides:
*env* and *pol* sequences for both HIV-1 and HIV-2.
During the assay, specimens are evaluated for the presence of HIV-1 and
HIV‑2 antibodies by interaction with the adsorbed peptides in the wells.
Specimens to be tested are diluted in Specimen Diluent and added to each
well, and the plates are incubated and washed. If antibodies to either
HIV-1 or HIV‑2 are present, they bind to the adsorbed antigen and are
not removed by washing. The Working Conjugate Solution,
peroxidase-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin, is then added to the
wells and will bind to the antibody-antigen complex, if present. Unbound
Conjugate is removed by a wash step. Next, Working Chromogen Solution is
added to the plate and allowed to incubate. A blue or blue-green color
develops in proportion to the amount of antibody that has been bound to
the antigen-coated plate. The enzyme reaction is stopped by the addition
of acid, which results in a color change to yellow. The optical
absorbance of controls and specimens is determined with a
spectrophotometer with wavelength set at 450 nm.
###
# Scope / Field of Application:
# Definitions and Acronyms:
# Responsibility:
# Specimen:
## 5.1 Type
Serum, plasma, or cadaveric serum specimens may be used in the test. The
following anticoagulants have all been evaluated and found to be
acceptable: EDTA, heparin, sodium citrate, CPD, CPDA-1, and ACD. Samples
that are collected into anticoagulant tubes should be filled as labeling
indicates to avoid improper dilution. Specimens with observable
particulate matter should be clarified by centrifugation prior to
testing. No clinically significant effect has been detected in assay
results of serum or plasma samples with increased levels of protein,
lipids, bilirubin, or hemolysis, or after heat inactivation of patient
samples. Cadaveric serum samples with increased levels of hemolysis have
been tested, and no clinically significant effect has been detected in
assay results. Note: Cadaveric serum samples with increased levels of
protein, lipids, bilirubin, or microbiological contaminants have not
been available to evaluate with this assay.
## 5.2 Handling Conditions
Specimens may be stored at 2-8°C for 7 days. For long-term storage, the
specimens should be frozen (at -20°C or colder). Samples should not be
used if they have incurred more than 5 freeze-thaw cycles. Mix samples
thoroughly after thawing.
If specimens are to be shipped, they should be packed in compliance with
Federal Regulations covering the transportation of etiologic agents.
Studies have demonstrated that specimens may be shipped refrigerated
(2-8°C) or at ambient temperature ( 37°C) for up to 7 days. For
shipments that are in transit for more than 7 days, specimens should be
kept frozen (-20°C) or lower.
This kit is not licensed for use with specimens other than serum,
plasma, or cadaveric serum specimens. This kit is not intended for use
on saliva/oral fluid or urine samples.
###
# Patient Prep:
## Type:
## Handling Conditions:
# Equipment and Materials Required:
#### .
## 7.1 Equipment:
## 7.2 Materials:
Equipment and Materials Required but not Provided
1. Precision pipettes to deliver 0-20 µl, 20-200 µl, 1 ml, 5 ml, and 10
ml (accurate within ± 10%) or automated pipettor-dilutor;
appropriately-sized graduated cylinders.
2. Pipette tips.
3. Dry-heat incubator capable of maintaining 37 ±1°C.
4. Calibrated thermometer.
5. Genetic Systems microwell plate or strip washer or an equivalent.
The washer must be capable of dispensing at least 350 µl per well
and cycling 5 times.
6. Genetic Systems microwell plate or strip reader or an equivalent.
The spectrophotometer should have the following specifications at
wavelength 450 nm:
Bandwidth: 10 nm HBW (Half Band Width) or equivalent
Absorbance Range: 0 to 2.0 AU (Absorbance Units)
Repeatability: ± (0.5% + 0.005) AU
Linearity or Accuracy: 1% from 0 to 2.0 AU
The instrument should contain a reference filter for reading at 615 to
630 nm. An instrument without a reference filter can be used; however,
areas in the bottoms of the wells that are opaque, scratched or
irregular may cause absorbance readings that are falsely elevated.
7. Household bleach (5% to 8% sodium hypochlorite) which may be diluted
to a minimum concentration of 10% bleach (or 0.5% sodium
hypochlorite). Alternative disinfectants include: 70% ethanol or
0.5% Wescodyne™ (West Chemical Products, Inc.).
8. Paper towels or absorbent pads for blotting.
9. Null Strips, for testing partial plates.
10. Clean polypropylene container for preparation of Working Chromogen
Solution. (DO NOT USE POLYSTYRENE). Clean container for preparation
of Working Conjugate Solution.
11. Appropriate containers to prepare diluted specimens.
12. Deionized or distilled water. Clinical laboratory reagent water Type
I or Type II is acceptable.^35^ Store the water in nonmetallic
containers.
13. Gloves.
14. Laboratory timer.
15. EIA reagent reservoirs (optional)
Materials Provided
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| **Genetic Systems™ | | | | | |
| HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide | | | | | |
| EIA Product | | | | | |
| Description** | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Product No: 32551 | | | | | |
| (480 Tests), 32542 | | | | | |
| (960 Tests), 32543 | | | | | |
| (4800 Tests) | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Store the kit at | | | | | |
| 2-8°C. Bring all | | | | | |
| reagents except | | | | | |
| HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide | | | | | |
| EIA Conjugate | | | | | |
| Concentrate to room | | | | | |
| temperature | | | | | |
| (15-30°C) before | | | | | |
| use. Return all | | | | | |
| reagents to 2-8°C | | | | | |
| after use. Return | | | | | |
| unused strips/plates | | | | | |
| to pouch and reseal. | | | | | |
| Do not remove | | | | | |
| desiccant. **Strips | | | | | |
| should be used | | | | | |
| within three months | | | | | |
| of opening and | | | | | |
| resealing the | | | | | |
| pouch**. Store | | | | | |
| strips/plates at | | | | | |
| 2-8°C. | | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| **Component** | * | | | * | |
| | * | | | *Prepar | |
| | C | | | ation** | |
| | o | | | | |
| | n | | | | |
| | t | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | n | | | | |
| | t | | | | |
| | s | | | | |
| | * | | | | |
| | * | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R1 •HIV-1/HIV-2 | M | | | Use as | |
| Peptide Coated | i | | | su | |
| Microwell Plates, | c | | | pplied. | |
| | r | | | | |
| 5, 10, or 50 | o | | | | |
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| | a | | | | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| C0 •HIV Negative | H | | | Dilute | |
| Control, | u | | | in | |
| | m | | | S | |
| 1, 1, or 5 vial(s) | a | | | pecimen | |
| (1.8ml) | n | | | Diluent | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| C1 •HIV-1 Positive | H | | | Dilute | |
| Control, | u | | | in | |
| | m | | | S | |
| 1, 1, or 5 vial(s) | a | | | pecimen | |
| (1.6ml) | n | | | Diluent | |
| | s | | | as | |
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| | r | | | cribed. | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| C2 •HIV-2 Positive | H | | | Dilute | |
| Control, | u | | | in | |
| | m | | | S | |
| 1, 1, or 5 vial(s) | a | | | pecimen | |
| (1.6ml) | n | | | Diluent | |
| | s | | | as | |
| | e | | | de | |
| | r | | | scribed | |
| | u | | | | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R2 •HIV-1/HIV-2 | N | | | Diluent | |
| Peptide EIA Specimen | o | | | for | |
| Diluent | r | | | sp | |
| | m | | | ecimens | |
| 1, 2, or 10 | a | | | and | |
| bottle(s) (120ml) | l | | | co | |
| | g | | | ntrols. | |
| | o | | | Ready | |
| | a | | | to use | |
| | t | | | as | |
| | s | | | su | |
| | e | | | pplied. | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R3 •HIV-1/HIV-2 | G | | | Dilute | |
| Peptide EIA | o | | | in | |
| Conjugate | a | | | Co | |
| Concentrate, | t | | | njugate | |
| | a | | | Diluent | |
| 1, 1, or 5 vial(s) | n | | | as | |
| (1.8ml) | t | | | des | |
| | i | | | cribed. | |
| | - | | | | |
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+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R4 •HIV-1/HIV-2 | N | | | Diluent | |
| Peptide EIA | o | | | for | |
| Conjugate Diluent, | r | | | Co | |
| | m | | | njugate | |
| 1, 1, or 5 bottle(s) | a | | | Conce | |
| (120ml) | l | | | ntrate. | |
| | g | | | Ready | |
| | o | | | to use | |
| | a | | | as | |
| | t | | | su | |
| | s | | | pplied. | |
| | e | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
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| | v | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R5 •EIA Wash | S | | | Dilute | |
| Solution | o | | | to | |
| Concentrate(30X), | d | | | working | |
| | i | | | concen | |
| 2, 2, or 10 | u | | | tration | |
| bottle(s) (120ml) | m | | | with | |
| | c | | | de | |
| | h | | | ionized | |
| | l | | | or | |
| | o | | | di | |
| | r | | | stilled | |
| | i | | | water. | |
| | d | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
| | T | | | | |
| | w | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | n | | | | |
| | 2 | | | | |
| | 0 | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R6 •EIA Chromogen | T | | | Dilute | |
| Reagent, | e | | | in EIA | |
| | t | | | Ch | |
| 1, 1, or 5 vial(s) | r | | | romogen | |
| (1.5ml) | a | | | | |
| | m | | | Diluent | |
| | e | | | as | |
| | t | | | des | |
| | h | | | cribed. | |
| | y | | | | |
| | l | | | | |
| | b | | | | |
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| | ) | | | | |
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| | * | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
| | D | | | | |
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| | u | | | | |
| | l | | | | |
| | f | | | | |
| | o | | | | |
| | x | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | d | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | ( | | | | |
| | D | | | | |
| | M | | | | |
| | S | | | | |
| | O | | | | |
| | ) | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R7 •EIA Chromogen | H | | | Ready | |
| Diluent, | y | | | to use | |
| | d | | | as | |
| 1, 1, or 5 bottle(s) | r | | | su | |
| (120ml) | o | | | pplied. | |
| | g | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | n | | | | |
| | p | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | r | | | | |
| | o | | | | |
| | x | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | d | | | | |
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| | | | | | |
| | C | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | t | | | | |
| | r | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | c | | | | |
| | a | | | | |
| | c | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | d | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | D | | | | |
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| | h | | | | |
| | y | | | | |
| | l | | | | |
| | s | | | | |
| | u | | | | |
| | l | | | | |
| | f | | | | |
| | o | | | | |
| | x | | | | |
| | i | | | | |
| | d | | | | |
| | e | | | | |
| | ( | | | | |
| | D | | | | |
| | M | | | | |
| | S | | | | |
| | O | | | | |
| | ) | | | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| **Component** | | **Contents** | **P | | |
| | | | rep | | |
| | | | ara | | |
| | | | tio | | |
| | | | n** | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| R8 • EIA Stopping | | 1N H2SO4 | Re | | |
| Reagent, | | | ady | | |
| | | | to | | |
| 1, 1, or 5 bottle(s) | | | use | | |
| (120ml) | | | as | | |
| | | | sup | | |
| | | | pli | | |
| | | | ed. | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
| Plate Sealers | | Clear plastic sealers | Re | | |
| | | | ady | | |
| | | | to | | |
| | | | use | | |
| | | | as | | |
| | | | sup | | |
| | | | pli | | |
| | | | ed. | | |
+----------------------+---+---------------------------+-----+---------+---+
\*\*Note: Tetramethylbenzidine is a non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic
chromogen for peroxidase.^29,30^
####
## Preparation:
## Performance Parameters:
# Storage Requirements:
## 8.1 Working Conjugate Solution
Bring Conjugate Diluent to room temperature. Invert Diluent and
Conjugate Concentrate to mix before using. A small amount of precipitate
may be present in the Conjugate Diluent; the precipitate should be
resuspended prior to use. Prepare a 1:101 dilution for each strip to be
tested by adding 10 µl of Conjugate Concentrate to 1 ml of Conjugate
Diluent in a clean container. Note Concentrate lot number, date and time
of preparation, and time of expiration of the Working Conjugate
Solution. Mix Working Solution prior to use. Working Solution is stable
for 8 hours at room temperature.
Return Conjugate Concentrate to refrigerator immediately after use. To
avoid contamination of Conjugate, wear clean gloves and do not touch
tips of pipettes. Store Working Conjugate Solution at room temperature
until use. Avoid prolonged exposure to light.
Do not add all the Concentrate to Diluent. Prepare only the amount of
reagent to be used within 8 hours, ensuring that the volume of diluted
reagent will be adequate for the entire plate(s). Use the following
table as a guide:
> Preparation of Working Conjugate Solution by Strip
-------------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------
Number of Strips to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12\*
be used
Amount of Conjugate 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Concentrate (µl)
Amount of Conjugate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Diluent (ml)
-------------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------
> \*Complete Plate
Preparation of Working Conjugate Solution by Plate
--------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Complete Plates
to be used
Amount of 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200
Conjugate
Concentrate
(µl)
Amount of 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
Conjugate
Diluent (ml)
--------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
## 8.2 Working Chromogen Solution
Bring Chromogen Reagent and Chromogen Diluent to room temperature.
Invert the Chromogen Reagent and Chromogen Diluent to mix before using.
Prepare a 1:101 dilution for each strip to be tested by adding 10 µl of
Chromogen Reagent to 1 ml of Chromogen Diluent in a clean polypropylene
container. (DO NOT USE A POLYSTYRENE CONTAINER). Note Chromogen Reagent
lot number, date and time of preparation, and time of expiration of the
Working Chromogen Solution. Mix Working Solution gently when combined.
Working Chromogen Solution should be kept in the dark at room
temperature and used within 8 hours.
Chromogen Reagent may be in crystalline form at refrigerator temperature
and should be allowed to liquefy to room temperature prior to use. If
solution remains crystalline after warming, do not use. Chromogen
Reagent should be colorless to slightly yellow. Any other color
indicates that the reagent is contaminated and should not be used.
The Working Chromogen Solution should be colorless. A distinct blue
color indicates that the reagent is contaminated. Discard the Working
Chromogen Solution and prepare fresh reagent in a clean container.
Prepare only the amount of the reagent to be used within 8 hours,
ensuring that the volume of diluted reagent will be adequate for the
entire plate(s). Extra Chromogen Reagent is provided. Use the following
table as a guide:
Preparation of Working Chromogen Solution by Strip
------------------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------
Number of Strips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12\*
to be used
Amount of 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Chromogen Reagent
(µl)
Amount of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chromogen Diluent
(ml)
------------------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------
> \*Complete Plate
Preparation of Working Chromogen Solution by Plate
------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
Number of Complete 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Plates to be used
Amount of Chromogen 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200
Reagent (µl)
Amount of Chromogen 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
Diluent (ml)
------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
## 8.3 Working Wash Solution
Prepare Working Wash Solution as needed by adding one part Wash Solution
Concentrate (30X) to 29 parts of water (e.g., 120 ml of Wash Solution to
3480 ml of water). Use deionized or distilled water. Clinical laboratory
reagent water Type I or Type II is acceptable. The Working Wash Solution
can be stored at room temperature for four weeks. Note lot number, date
prepared, and expiration date. Discard if no foaming is evident in the
Working Wash Solution. Prepare a sufficient quantity of Working Wash
Solution to complete a full plate run.
###
## Container:
## Temperature:
## Stability:
## Labeling:
# Calibration:
## Standard Prep:
## List of Standards Used:
## Directions for Preparation:
## Special Instructions:
## Degree of Accuracy:
## Storage Requirements:
### ***Container:***
### ***Temperature:***
### ***Stability:***
### ***Labeling:***
## Calibration Procedure:
# Quality Control:
Determine the mean absorbance for the Negative and Positive Controls by
dividing the sum of their absorbance values by the number of acceptable
controls.
**Mean Negative Control absorbance value (NCx)**
The individual negative control absorbance values must be greater than
or equal to 0.020 AU and less than or equal to 0.140 AU. One negative
control absorbance value may be discarded if it is outside this range.
The NCx may be calculated from the two remaining values.
Determine the mean of the Negative Controls as shown in the example
below.
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
| Negative | [Absor | [Total | [0. | = 0.102 |
| Control | bance]{.u | absorba | 307] | (NCx) |
| | nderline} | nce]{.underline} | {.un | |
| [Sample | | = | derl | |
| Numbe | | | ine} | |
| r]{.underline} | | | | |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
| 1 | 0.095 | 3 | 3 | |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
| 2 | 0.110 | | | |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
| 3 | [ | | | |
| | 0.102]{.u | | | |
| | nderline} | | | |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
| | 0.307 | | | |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+------+-------------+
**Mean HIV-1 Positive Control absorbance value (HIV-1 PCx)**
Determine the mean of the HIV-1 Positive Control as shown in the example
below.
+--------------+-----------+----------------+---+------+---+------------------+
| HIV-1 | [Absor | [Total | [ | | | = 1.468 (HIV-1 |
| Positive | bance]{.u | absorbanc | 2 | | | PCx) |
| Control | nderline} | e]{.underline} | . | | | |
| | | = | 9 | | | |
| [Sample | | | 3 | | | |
| Number] | | | 6 | | | |
| {.underline} | | | ] | | | |
| | | | { | | | |
| | | | . | | | |
| | | | u | | | |
| | | | n | | | |
| | | | d | | | |
| | | | e | | | |
| | | | r | | | |
| | | | l | | | |
| | | | i | | | |
| | | | n | | | |
| | | | e | | | |
| | | | } | | | |
+--------------+-----------+----------------+---+------+---+------------------+
| 1 | 1.435 | 2 | 2 | | | |
+--------------+-----------+----------------+---+------+---+------------------+
| 2 | 1.501 | | | | | |
+--------------+-----------+----------------+---+------+---+------------------+
| | 2.936 | | | | | |
+--------------+-----------+----------------+---+------+---+------------------+
The HIV-1 PCx must be greater than or equal to 0.900 AU, and each
Positive Control absorbance value must be within the reproducibility
range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the PCx. No Positive Control absorbance
value may be discarded.
Both of the HIV-1 Positive Control absorbance values above are within
the reproducibility range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the PCx as shown by the
following calculation:
0.65 x (HIV-1 PCx) = 0.65 x 1.468 = 0.954
1.35 x (HIV-1 PCx) = 1.35 x 1.468 = 1.982
Therefore, the acceptable range is 0.954 to 1.982.
**Mean HIV-2 Positive Control absorbance value (HIV-2 PCx)**
Determine the mean of the HIV-2 Positive Control as shown in the example
below.
+-----------------+-----------+-------------------+------+------------+
| HIV-2 Positive | [Absor | [Total | [2. | = 1.101 |
| Control | bance]{.u | Absorb | 201] | (HIV-2 |
| | nderline} | ance]{.underline} | {.un | PCx) |
| [Sample | | = | derl | |
| Numb | | | ine} | |
| er]{.underline} | | | | |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------------+------+------------+
| 1 | 1.078 | 2 | 2 | |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------------+------+------------+
| 2 | [ | | | |
| | 1.123]{.u | | | |
| | nderline} | | | |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------------+------+------------+
| | 2.201 | | | |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------------+------+------------+
The HIV-2 PCx must be greater than or equal to 0.700 AU, and each
Positive Control absorbance value must be within the reproducibility
range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the PCx. No Positive Control absorbance
value may be discarded.
Both of the HIV-2 Positive Control absorbance values above are within
the reproducibility range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the PCx as shown by the
following calculation:
0.65 x (HIV-2 PCx) = 0.65 x 1.101 = 0.716
1.35 x (HIV-2 PCx) = 1.35 x 1.101 = 1.486
Therefore, the acceptable range is 0.716 to 1.486.
## Cutoff Value
Determine the cutoff value by adding 0.240 to the NCx, as shown in the
example below:
NCx = 0.102
Cutoff Value = 0.102 + 0.240 = 0.342
## Validity Criteria
A run is valid if the following criteria are met:
- The absorbance value of each Negative Control is greater than or
equal to 0.020 AU and less than or equal to 0.140 AU. One Negative
Control value may be discarded, and the mean of the Negative
Controls (NCx) may be calculated from the two remaining values.
- If two or more Negative Controls are out of limit, the plate is
invalid and must be repeated.
- The mean absorbance of the HIV-1 Positive Control is equal to or
greater than 0.900 AU, and the individual absorbance values are
within the reproducibility range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the HIV-1
Positive Control mean. No HIV-1 Positive Control values may be
discarded.
- If the HIV-1 Positive Control values are out of the reproducibility
range, or if the HIV-1 Positive Control mean is less than 0.900 AU,
the plate is invalid and must be repeated.
- The mean absorbance of the HIV-2 Positive Control is equal to or
greater than 0.700 AU, and the individual absorbance values are
within the reproducibility range of 0.65 to 1.35 times the HIV-2
Positive Control mean. No HIV‑2 Positive Control values may be
discarded.
- If the HIV-2 Positive Control values are out of the reproducibility
range, or if the HIV-2 Positive Control mean is less than 0.700 AU,
the plate is invalid and must be repeated.
###
## Materials:
## Instructions:
## Frequency:
## Acceptable Limits:
## Corrective Action:
# Procedure:
## Preliminary Statements
1. Each run of this assay must proceed to completion without
interruption after it has been started.
2. Positive and negative controls must be run on each plate. The cutoff
value for specimens is determined by the controls on each individual
plate.
3. The number of controls to be included in each run of this assay are
two HIV-1 Positive Controls, two HIV-2 Positive Controls, and three
Negative Controls.
4. Do not splash controls, specimens, or reagents between microwells of
the plate.
5. Cover plates for each incubation step using plate sealers provided
or other appropriate means to minimize evaporation.
6. Avoid exposure of the plates to light during the final incubation
step (following the addition of the Working Chromogen Solution).
7. Adhere to the recommended time constraints for the use of the
Working Chromogen Solution (8 hours), Working Conjugate Solution (8
hours), and Working Wash Solution (4 weeks).
8. Avoid the formation of air bubbles in each microwell.
## EIA Procedure
**Note:** Serum, plasma, or cadaveric specimens are diluted 1:10 in
HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA Specimen Diluent prior to testing.
1. Perform equipment maintenance and calibration, where necessary, as
required by the manufacturer.
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9. Bring all of the reagents except the HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
Conjugate Concentrate to room temperature before beginning the assay
procedure.
10. Prepare Working Wash Solution, Working Conjugate Solution, and
Working Chromogen Solution. See Reagent Preparation Section. Mix
gently prior to use.
11. Remove any strips from the microwell plate(s) not needed for the
assay run and replace with Null Strips, if necessary.
12. If sample identity is not maintained by an automatic procedure,
label or identify the individual wells for each specimen or control
on a data sheet.
13. Dilute specimens and controls 1:10 in the Specimen Diluent.
14. (For example, dilute 15 µl of specimen in 135 µl of Specimen
Diluent.) When pipetting manually, use a separate, disposable
pipette tip for each specimen. Two separate dilutions of both HIV‑1
and HIV-2 Positive Controls and three separate dilutions of Negative
Control should be assayed with each plate or partial plate of
specimens. Mix each diluted specimen and control thoroughly. Mix
gently to avoid foaming of the diluent. All controls and specimens
must be subjected to the same process.
15. Add 100 µl of the diluted specimen or control to the appropriate
well [OR]{.underline} if doing in-well dilutions, combine 10µl of
specimen or control with 90µl of Specimen Diluent.
16. Cover the microwell plate with a plate sealer or use other means to
minimize evaporation and incubate the plate for 30 to 33 minutes at
37 ± 1°C.
17. At the end of the incubation period, carefully remove the plate
cover and aspirate the fluid in each well into a biohazard
container. Wash the microwell plate or strip a minimum of five times
with the Wash Solution (at least 350 µl/well/wash), or as otherwise
validated. Aspirate the Wash Solution after each wash. After the
last wash, aspirate the liquid completely or blot the inverted plate
on clean, absorbent paper towels, if necessary. Note: Grasp the
plate holder firmly at the center of the long sides before inverting
to blot.
18. Add 100 µl of Working Conjugate Solution to each well.
19. Cover the microwell plate with a fresh plate sealer or use other
means to minimize evaporation and incubate the plate for 30 to 33
minutes at 37 ± 1°C.
20. At the end of the incubation period, carefully remove the plate
cover and aspirate the fluid in each well into a biohazard
container. Wash the microwell plate or strip a minimum of five times
with the Wash Solution (at least 350 µl/well/wash), or as otherwise
validated. Aspirate the Wash Solution after each wash. After the
last wash, aspirate the liquid completely or blot the inverted plate
on clean, absorbent paper towels. Note: Grasp the plate holder
firmly at the center of the long sides before inverting to blot.
21. Add 100 µl of the Working Chromogen Solution per well. Cover the
microwell plate with a fresh plate sealer or use other means to
minimize evaporation. Incubate plates in the dark for 30 to 33
minutes at room temperature (15 to 30°C). (*e.g.*, cover the plates
with opaque plastic or place in a drawer.)
22. Carefully remove the plate cover and add 100 µl of Stopping Reagent
to each well to terminate the reaction. Tap the plate gently, or use
other means to assure complete mixing. Complete mixing is required
for acceptable results.
23. Read absorbance within 30 minutes after adding the Stopping Reagent,
using the 450 nm filter with 615 nm to 630 nm filter as the
reference. (Blank on air.) Ensure that all strips have been pressed
firmly into place before reading.
## Decontamination
Dispose of all specimens and materials used to perform the test as
though they contain an infectious agent. Disposal should comply with all
applicable waste disposal requirements.^33,34^
## Accessioning:
## Sample Preparation:
## Centrifugation:
## Criteria for rejection of samples:
## Detailed Stepwise Procedure:
## Glassware:
## Measurements from instruments:
# Safety
## Precautions For Users
1. Do not use the kit or any kit reagents beyond the stated expiration
date.
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24. The only reagents that may be used with different lots of the
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA are the Chromogen Reagent, Chromogen
Diluent, Wash Solution Concentrate and Stopping Reagent. Do not use
any other reagents from different lots.
25. Do not use the Chromogen Diluent for the EIA Buffered Substrate in
other Genetic Systems tests.
26. Exercise care in opening and removing aliquots from vials to avoid
microbial contamination of the reagents.
27. Use a clean container for Working Conjugate Solution. Exposure of
Conjugate Diluent or Concentrate to sodium azide or serum will
inactivate Conjugate Solution. Avoid prolonged exposure to light.
28. Avoid exposing Chromogen Reagent or the Working Chromogen Solution
to strong light during storage or incubation. Do not allow the
chromogen solutions to come into contact with an oxidizing agent.
29. Use clean polypropylene containers (DO NOT USE POLYSTYRENE
CONTAINERS) to prepare and store the Working Chromogen Solution. If
glassware must be used, pre-rinse thoroughly with 1N sulfuric or
hydrochloric acid followed by at least three washes of deionized
water. Be sure that no acid residue remains on the glassware. If
polypropylene containers are to be reused, they should be cleaned in
accordance with a cleaning process validated by the testing
facility.
30. Avoid contact of Stopping Reagent with any oxidizing agent. Do not
allow Stopping Reagent to come into contact with metals.
31. Bring all reagents except the Conjugate Concentrate to room
temperature before use.
32. For the manual pipetting of controls and specimens, use individual
pipette tips to eliminate carryover of samples.
33. Handle negative and positive controls in the same manner as patient
specimens.
34. If a specimen is inadvertently not added to a well, the assay result
will read nonreactive.
35. Inadequate adherence to package insert instructions may result in
erroneous or invalid results.
36. The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA performance is highly
dependent upon incubation times and temperatures. Temperatures
outside of the validated ranges may result in invalid assays.
Incubation temperatures should be carefully monitored using
calibrated thermometers, or equivalent.
37. Use only adequately calibrated equipment with this assay.
38. Use of dedicated equipment is recommended if equipment performance
validations have not precluded the possibility of
cross-contamination.
39. Components of this kit meet FDA potency requirements.
# 13. Calculations:
## Instructions:
## Equations:
## Computer Validation Protocol:
## Examples
# Reporting Results:
## 13.1 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
The presence or absence of antibodies to HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 is
determined by relating the absorbance value of the specimen to the
cutoff value. The cutoff value is determined by adding 0.240 to the mean
absorbance value of the Negative Controls. An example of values obtained
from an assay run and the interpretations are as follows:
Example:
------------------------- ------- --------------------- ----------------- --
Negative Control AU 0.095 Negative Control mean 0.102 (valid)
values
0.110
0.102
HIV-1 Positive Control AU 1.435 HIV-1 Positive 1.468 (valid)
values Control mean
1.501 HIV-1 Positive
Control
acceptable range 0.954 - 1.982
HIV-2 Positive Control AU 1.078 HIV-2 Positive 1.101 (valid)
values Control mean
1.123 HIV-2 Positive
Control
acceptable range 0.716 - 1.486
Cutoff Value = 0.102 + 0.342
0.240 =
Patient AU values 0.047 Interpretation Nonreactive
1.910 Reactive
0.395 Reactive
0.095 Nonreactive
0.726 Reactive
0.100 Nonreactive
------------------------- ------- --------------------- ----------------- --
1. Specimens with absorbance values less than the cutoff value are
considered non-reactive by the Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide
EIA and may be considered negative for antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Further testing is not required.
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40. An absorbance value of less than 0.000 AU may indicate a procedural
or instrument error which should be evaluated. That result is
invalid and that specimen must be re-run.
41. Specimens with absorbance values equal to or greater than the cutoff
value are considered initially reactive by the Genetic Systems™
HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and should be retested in duplicate before
interpretation. When tube dilutions are used to mix the specimen
with Specimen Diluent, prepare a new dilution of the specimen for
retesting. If, after repeat testing, the absorbance of either or
both duplicate specimens is greater than or equal to the cutoff
value, the specimen is considered repeatedly reactive. Those
specimens with values greater than the upper linearity limits of the
reader should be reported as reactive.
42. Initially reactive specimens that do not react in either of the
duplicate repeat tests are considered negative for antibodies to
HIV-1 and HIV-2.
43. If the specimen is repeatedly reactive, the probability that
antibodies to HIV‑1 and/or HIV‑2 are present is high, especially for
specimens obtained from subjects at increased risk for HIV‑1 and/or
HIV-2 infection or for specimens with very high absorbance values.
In most settings, it is appropriate to investigate repeatedly
reactive specimens by additional, more specific or supplemental
tests, such as Western blot or immunofluorescence.
Specimens that are repeatedly reactive by the Genetic Systems™
HIV‑1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA and are found to be positive for antibodies to
HIV-1 by additional, more specific or supplemental testing but negative
or indeterminate for antibodies to HIV-2 are considered to be positive
for antibodies to HIV‑1.
Specimens that are repeatedly reactive by the Genetic Systems™
HIV‑1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA and are found to be positive by additional, more
specific or supplemental testing for antibodies to HIV-2 but negative or
indeterminate for antibodies to HIV-1 are considered to be positive for
antibodies to HIV-2.
Specimens that are repeatedly reactive by the Genetic Systems™
HIV‑1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA and are found to be positive by additional, more
specific or supplemental testing for both HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 antibodies may
contain antibodies that cross-react with both virus types, or may be
indicative of a dual infection with both HIV-1 and HIV-2.
The interpretation of results of specimens found to be repeatedly
reactive by Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and negative or
indeterminate on additional, more specific testing for antibodies to
both HIV-1 and HIV-2 is unclear. Clarification may sometimes be obtained
by testing another specimen taken three to six months later.
## Reference intervals:
## Range Values:
## Demographic Values:
## Confidence Limits:
## Procedure for Abnormal Results:
## Reporting format:
# Documentation:
# Procedural Notes:
## Reproducibility
> Inter-assay and intra-assay reproducibility were determined by
> assaying a panel of 14 specimens consisting of 6 dilutions of an HIV-1
> antibody-positive specimen, 6 dilutions of an HIV‑2 antibody-positive
> specimen, and 2 seronegative specimens. The specimens were tested 6
> times on 4 different days using 3 different test kit lots at each of 7
> sites. The data were analyzed at Genetic Systems according to the
> National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
> (NCCLS)^a\ and\ b^. The mean Absorbance Unit (AU), standard deviation
> (SD), and percent coefficient of variation (%CV) for each panel member
> are listed in Table 1 below.
**Table 1: Reproducibility of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide
EIA**
------------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
**Inter-assay **Intra-assay
Reproducibility** Reproducibility**
Specimen N\* Mean AU SD^a^ %CV Specimen N\* Mean AU SD^b^ %CV
1 503 0.245 0.051 20.8% 1 503 0.245 0.021 8.6%
2 500 0.712 0.139 19.5% 2 500 0.712 0.046 6.5%
3 503 0.762 0.123 16.1% 3 503 0.762 0.055 7.2%
4 504 0.446 0.092 20.6% 4 504 0.446 0.031 7.0%
5 503 1.472 0.193 13.1% 5 503 1.472 0.079 5.4%
6 502 0.440 0.079 18.0% 6 502 0.440 0.035 8.0%
7 503 1.469 0.157 10.7% 7 503 1.469 0.069 4.7%
8 497 0.066 0.020 30.3% 8 497 0.066 0.009 13.6%
9 499 0.065 0.019 29.2% 9 499 0.065 0.008 12.3%
10 500 1.966 0.121 6.2% 10 500 1.966 0.050 2.5%
11 503 0.229 0.052 22.7% 11 503 0.229 0.017 7.4%
12 499 0.127 0.030 23.6% 12 499 0.127 0.009 7.1%
13 497 0.123 0.034 27.6% 13 497 0.123 0.011 8.9%
14 502 1.917 0.159 8.3% 14 502 1.917 0.062 3.2%
------------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
\*Outliers not included in statistical calculations
a NCCLS Vol. 12 No.4, p.33 Eq\'s 12 and 13
b NCCLS Vol. 12 No.4, p.32 Eq 11
# SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY
## Specificity Studies
**Reactivity in Random Blood Donors and Individuals with Medical
Conditions Unrelated to HIV‑1 or HIV‑2**
The results of testing on specimens from random U.S. and Canadian blood
donors and specimens from individuals with medical conditions unrelated
to HIV-1 or HIV‑2 infection are summarized in Table 2. The data include
19,968 serum and plasma samples obtained from donors at six
geographically distinct locations, and 356 specimens from individuals
with various medical conditions.
**Table 2: Detection of Antibodies to HIV‑1 and/or HIV‑2 in Random
Donors and Individuals with Other Medical Conditions Unrelated to HIV
Infection**
--------------------- --------------- -------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ --
**Results Obtained **Repeatedly
with HIV-1/HIV-2 Reactive
Peptide EIA** Specimens**
**Group** Number Tested Non-Reactive Initially Repeatedly HIV-2 EIA Pos. by
Reactive Reactive Repeatedly HIV-1
Reactive Immunoblot
alone
Random Donors, 2,000 1,998 2 1 0 0
Site 1^a^ (100.00%) (99.90%) (0.10%) (0.05%)
Random Donors, 2,250 2,244 6 2 0 0
Site 2^a^ (100.00%) (99.73%) (0.27%) (0.09%)
Random Donors, 2,016 2,012 4 3 0 0
Site 3^a^ (100.00%) (99.80%) (0.20%) (0.15%)
Random Donors, 2,000 1,998 2 2 0 0
Site 4^a^ (100.00%) (99.90%) (0.10%) (0.10%)
Random Donors, 4,545 4,535 10 10 0 0
Site 5^a^ (100.00%) (99.78%) (0.22%) (0.22%)
Random Donors, 7,157 7,148 9 7 0 0
Site 6^b^ (100.00%) (99.87%) (0.13%) (0.10%)
**TOTAL:** **19,968** **19,935** **33** **25** **0** **0**
**(100.00%)** **(99.83%)** **(0.17%)** **(0.13%)**
Bacterial/Parasitic 43 42 1 0 NA NA
Diseases^c^ (100.00%) (97.67%) (2.33%) (0.00%)
Autoimmune 76 73 3 3 0 0
Diseases^d^ (100.00%) (96.05%) (3.95%) (3.95%)
Other Viral 161 159 2 1 0 0
Diseases^e^ (100.00%) (98.76%) (1.24%) (0.62%)
Malignancies^f^ 23 23 0 0 NA NA
(100.00%) (100.00%) (0.00%) (0.00%)
Other Specimens^g^ 53 53 0 0 NA NA
(100.00%) (100.00%) (0.00%) (0.00%)
**TOTAL:** **356** **350** **6** **4** **0** **0**
**(100.00%)** **(98.31%)** **(1.69%)** **(1.12%)**
--------------------- --------------- -------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ --
a Serum was tested at sites 2 and 4; plasma was tested at sites 1, 3,
and 5.
b Serum - 1,959; Plasma - 5,198
c 23 toxoplasmosis, 20 RPR+
d 15 Rheumatoid factor positive, 6 Rheumatoid arthritis; 1 Rheumatoid
arthritis/Hepatitis; 2 Sjögren's; 1 SLE/Sepsis; 1 SLE/Staph. aureus; 20
ANA+; 18 Elevated IgG; 12 Elevated IgM
e 20 HBsAg+; 7 anti-HTLV-I+; 5 anti-HTLV-I/II+; 8 anti-HTLV-II+; 20
Anti-CMV+; 10 Anti-EBV+; 11 Anti-EBVCA+; 10 Anti-HAV IgM+; 12 Anti-HAV
Total+; 22 Anti-HCV+; 20 Anti-HSV+; 16 Anti- Rubella+
f 1 Cancer (undefined); 1 Basal Cell; 2 Bladder; 3 Breast; 3 Colon; 1
Gall Bladder; 1 Gastric/Adeno; 2 Liver; 1 Hepatoma; 3 Lung; 1
Pancreatic; 4 Rectal
g 19 Multi-transfusion; 19 Multiparous; 15 Non-viral cirrhosis \[Alcohol
(6); Drug (3); Primary Biliary (6)\]
As shown in Table 2, 99.83% of the random donor population (n=19,968)
were initially nonreactive, 0.17% were initially reactive, and 0.13%
were repeatedly reactive. Twenty-five (75.75%) of the 33 initially
reactive specimens were repeatedly reactive upon retesting. None of the
repeatedly reactive specimens were positive for antibodies to HIV‑1 or
HIV‑2 by Western blot.
Specificity of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA was
estimated from the results of screening tests in random U.S. and
Canadian blood and plasma donors, and determined by the following
formula:
--------------------------------------------------------------- -------
[( \# normal donor specimens - \# repeatedly reactive x 100
specimens)]{.underline}
(# of normal donor specimens - \# repeatedly reactive specimens
confirmed positive for antibodies to HIV)
--------------------------------------------------------------- -------
Thus, assuming a zero prevalence rate of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2
in this population, the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA has an
estimated specificity of (19,968 - 25) x 100/ 19,968 = 99.87% (95%
confidence interval^43^: 99.82 - 99.92%).
Six specimens from individuals with unrelated medical conditions were
initially reactive. Four specimens (2 from individuals with elevated
IgG, 1 from an individual with a positive ANA and 1 from an individual
positive for antibodies to HTLV-I/II) were repeatedly reactive in the
Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. Two specimens were negative
for anti-HIV‑1 by Western Blot and 2 were indeterminate. All 4 specimens
were nonreactive for antibody to HIV-2 when tested with a licensed HIV-2
EIA. The 2 other initially reactive specimens (1 was anti-EBV positive
and 1 was positive on a serological test for syphilis) were not
repeatedly reactive. None of the remaining specimens from individuals
with other medical conditions were reactive in the Genetic Systems™
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA.
## Sensitivity Studies
**Reactivity in Specimens Known to be Positive for Antibodies to HIV-1**
The reactivity of the Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA was
determined by testing serum and plasma samples from patients diagnosed
as having AIDS (n = 309), and from 1850 individuals known to be HIV-1
antibody positive from U.S. (n=505) and non-U.S. locations (n= 1345)^a^
for whom the clinical status was unknown. The samples utilized in the
sensitivity evaluation of the assay were collected from diverse
geographic regions, thereby increasing the likelihood of incorporating
divergent strains of virus within the test population. Even though a
diverse population has been tested with 100% sensitivity, it is not
possible to ensure the detection of all possible divergent strains of
HIV‑1 or HIV‑2. The results of testing are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Reactivity in HIV-1 Known Positive Specimens
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| | **Genetic | | * | |
| | Systems | | *Licensed | |
| | HI | | HI | |
| | V-1/HIV-2** | | V-1/HIV-2 | |
| | | | EIA** | |
| | **Peptide | | | |
| | EIA** | | | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| **Group** | No. | (% Reactive) | No. | (% |
| | Repeatedly | | R | Re |
| | reactive | | epeatedly | active) |
| | | | reactive | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| AIDS | 309 | (100%) | 309 | (100%) |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| (n = 309) | | | | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| Known Positive | 505 | (100%) | 505 | (100%) |
| U.S. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| (n = 505) | | | | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| Known Positive | 1345 | (100%) | 1345 | (100%) |
| non-U.S. | | | | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| (n = 1345)^a^ | | | | |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
| **Total** | **2159** | **(100%)** | **2159** | **( |
| | | | | 100%)** |
+----------------+-------------+---------------+-----------+---------+
a Non-U.S. locations included the following: Canada (1,014); Central
African Republic (100); Nigeria (56); Zimbabwe (53); Australia (49);
Thailand (48); France (16); Ghana (5); Nairobi (4)
Of the 309 diagnosed AIDS patients, 100% were repeatedly reactive with
the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. Two hundred ten (210) of
the AIDS specimens were positive on a licensed HIV-1 Western Blot.
Western blot data is not available on the remaining 99 specimens, but
they were repeatedly reactive on a second licensed HIV-1/HIV‑2 EIA. All
99 specimens were considered to be positive for HIV given the diagnosis
of AIDS for each patient. Of the known 1,850 positives from U.S. and
non-U.S. locations, 1,342 were confirmed positive with one of three
licensed HIV‑1 Western blots; 508 were confirmed positive with an
in-house HIV-1 Western blot.
The HIV-1 sensitivity of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
was estimated from the results of testing 309 patients with AIDS.
Studies demonstrated a positive test result in 309 of 309 patients for
an estimated sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval^43^: 99.84 to
100%).
**Reactivity in Specimens from High-Risk Individuals from the United
States and Canada**
A total of 2,096 specimens from high risk individuals in the United
States and Canada were tested with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide
EIA. Results of testing individuals from the United States (n = 1080)
and Canada (n = 1,016) are shown in Table 4. The numbers include 800
specimens from U.S. STD clinic patients, 280 specimens prospectively
collected at a U.S. hospital emergency room in a high HIV-1 prevalence
area, and 1,016 specimens from Canadian homosexual males, injection drug
users, and sex partners of known HIV positive persons. All specimens
were screened with one or more FDA licensed and/or Canadian approved
HIV-1/\
HIV-2 ElAs. All specimens repeatedly reactive with Genetic Systems™
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and/or the licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 ElAs
were tested with a licensed HIV-1 Western blot or in-house HIV-1 Western
blot. Additionally, specimens tested in the United States that were
repeatedly reactive with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and/or
the licensed\
HIV-1/HIV‑2 EIA were tested with a licensed HIV-2 EIA. Specimens tested
in Canada that were repeatedly reactive with Genetic Systems™
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and/or the licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA
were tested with a licensed HIV-2 EIA if the HIV-1 Western blot was
negative or indeterminate. If a specimen was repeatedly reactive on the
licensed HIV‑2 EIA and negative or indeterminate on the HIV-1 Western
blot, it was tested with an investigational HIV-2 Western blot.
Table 4: Reactivity in Specimens from High-Risk Individuals from the
United States and Canada
----------- -------- ------------------- ----------------- --------------
Group No. Genetic Systems™\ No. RR on one or No. Pos. by
Tested HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide more Licensed/ HIV-1 Western
EIA Repeatedly Approved\ Blot
Reactive HIV-1/HIV-2 EIAs
U.S. 1,080 69 (6.4%)^a^ 74^a^ 59 (5.5%)
Canada 1,016 27 (2.7%)^b^ 27^b^ 26 (2.6%)
Total 2,096 96 (4.6%) 101 85 (4.1%)
----------- -------- ------------------- ----------------- --------------
a Sixty-two (62) specimens were repeatedly reactive on both the Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and one or more licensed HIV-1/HIV-2
EIAs.
b Twenty-six (26) specimens were repeatedly reactive on both the Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/
HIV-2 Peptide EIA and one or more licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 EIAs.
RR = Repeatedly Reactive
The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detected 85/85(100%) of the
HIV‑1 confirmed positive specimens from high risk individuals in the
United States and Canada.
A total of 83 specimens were additionally tested with a licensed HIV-2
ElA (62 specimens repeatedly reactive on Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA and one or more licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 ElAs; 8 specimens
repeatedly reactive on the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
only; 13 specimens repeatedly reactive on one or more licensed/approved
ElAs only). Of the 83 specimens tested with a licensed HIV-2 ElA, 42
were repeatedly reactive. Of the 42 HIV-2 EIA repeatedly reactive
specimens, 40 were confirmed positive for HIV-1. Two specimens required
testing with an investigational HIV‑2 Western blot. Both specimens were
indeterminate on the HIV-2 Western blot.
Therefore, the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detected all HIV
confirmed positives in high risk populations from the United States and
Canada.
**Reactivity in Prospective Public Health Specimens**
Results of testing prospective public health specimens with Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA are summarized in Table 5. The data
include 5,472^a^ serum specimens tested at two Canadian locations. All
specimens were screened with one or more FDA licensed and/or Canadian
approved HIV-1/HIV-2 ElAs. Specimens repeatedly reactive with Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and/or the licensed/approved
HIV-1/HIV-2 ElAs were tested with a licensed HIV-1 Western blot or
in-house HIV-1 Western blot. Specimens that were repeatedly reactive
with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and/or the
licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA were tested with a licensed HIV-2 ElA
if the HIV-1 Western blot was negative or indeterminate. If a specimen
was repeatedly reactive on the licensed HIV-2 ElA and negative or
indeterminate on the HIV-1 Western blot, it was tested with an
investigational HIV-2 Western blot.
Table 5: Detection of Antibodies to HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 in Prospective
Public Health Specimens
------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------
No. Tested Genetic Systems\ No. RR on one or No. Pos. by
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide more Licensed/ HIV-1 Western
EIA Repeatedly Approved\ Blot
Reactive HIV-1/HIV-2 EIAs
Site 1 3,057 27^b^ (0.88%) 31^b^ (1.01%) 22 (0.72%)
Site 2 2,415^a^ 13^c^ (0.54%) 24^c^ (0.99%) 7 (0.29%)
Total 5,472^a^ 40 (0.73%) 55 (1.01%) 29 (0.53%)
------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------
a The numbers include 45 specimens also tested in the high risk study.
b Twenty-three (23) specimens were repeatedly reactive on both the
Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and one or more
licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 EIAs.
c Eight (8) specimens were repeatedly reactive on both the Genetic
Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and one or more licensed HIV-1/HIV-2
EIAs.
RR = Repeatedly Reactive
The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detected 29/29(100%) of the
HIV‑1 confirmed positive specimens from prospective public health
populations.
A total of 35 specimens were additionally tested with a licensed HIV-2
EIA (2 specimens repeatedly reactive on Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA and one or more licensed/approved HIV-1/HIV-2 ElAs; 9
specimens repeatedly reactive on the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA only; 24 specimens repeatedly reactive on one or more
licensed/approved EIAs only). Of the 35 specimens tested with a licensed
HIV-2 ElA, none were repeatedly reactive. No further HIV-2 confirmatory
testing was performed.
Therefore, the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detected all HIV
confirmed positives in prospective public health populations from
Canada.
Comparative sensitivity of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
to a previously licensed test for antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2 was
evaluated in paired tests on high risk subjects \[U.S. (n=1,080);
Canadian (n=1,016)\], prospective public health subjects (n=5,472) or
known positive specimens from U.S. (n=505) and non-U.S. origin
(n=1,345). In these studies, the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide
EIA was reactive for 1,964 of 1,964 subjects who had positive
HIV-1/HIV-2 screening test results which had additionally been confirmed
by HIV-1 Western blot.
**Reactivity with HIV-1 Seroconversion Panels**
The Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detected the presence of
antibody to HIV‑1 in specimens from 16 commercially available HIV-1
seroconversion panels as early as, or earlier than, a licensed
HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA, and licensed HIV-1 Western blot. Reactivity
demonstrated using one lot of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide
EIA with 5 representative seroconversion panels is shown in Table 6
below. (Note: Only bleeds before and after the point of seroconversion
are presented.)
**Table 6: Detecti**on of Antibody to HIV-1 in Representative
Seroconversion Panels
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| Panel | Date | Genetic | Licensed | Licensed |
| | | Systems | | |
| | of Bleed | | HIV-1/HIV-2 | HIV-1 |
| | | HIV-1/HIV-2 | | |
| | | | EIA | Western |
| | | Peptide EIA | | blot |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| PRB903 | 07/23/85 | NR | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 07/25/85 | NR | NR | IND |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 07/30/85 | R | NR | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/01/85 | R | NR | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/06/85 | R | R | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/08/85 | R | R | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| PRB914 | 01/12/90 | R | NR | IND |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 01/16/90 | R | R | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 01/19/90 | R | R | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| PRB917 | 12/14/90 | NR | NR | IND |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 12/19/90 | R | NR | IND |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 12/21/90 | R | NR | IND |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 12/26/90 | R | R | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| PRB922 | 08/07/93 | NR | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/11/93 | NR | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/14/93 | R | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 08/18/93 | R | NR | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| PRB924 | 12/13/93 | NR | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 12/15/93 | R | NR | NEG |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
| | 12/20/93 | R | NR | POS |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------+
**Reactivity in Preselected Specimens from Individuals Positive for
HIV‑2 Antibodies and Confirmed by Western Blot**
A total of 496 specimens, obtained from HIV-2 confirmed antibody
positive individuals, were tested with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA. All specimens were found to be repeatedly reactive with a
licensed HIV-2 EIA. Of the 496 specimens tested, all (100%) were
classified as repeatedly reactive with Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA; 261 of these specimens were confirmed as positive for
antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2 by Western blot; 235 specimens were positive
on an investigational HIV-2 Western blot. (Of the 235 specimens, 231
were indeterminate and 4 were negative on a licensed HIV-1 Western
blot.)
The HIV-2 sensitivity of the Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
was determined by comparison with a previously licensed test for
antibody to HIV-2. The Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA and
licensed HIV-2 EIA detected 496 of 496 samples which were additionally
confirmed by a positive investigational HIV-2 Western blot, for an
estimated sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval^43^: 99.9-100%)
compared with Western blot.
**Reactivity in Populations from an HIV-2 Endemic Area**
The ability of the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA to detect
antibodies to HIV‑2 in specimens from an HIV‑2 endemic area is shown in
Table 7. The data include the following: 100 serum samples obtained from
women attending a family planning clinic in Senegal; 617 serum samples
collected from healthy adults and clinic patients in rural and urban
areas of Liberia; 589 serum samples collected from low and high risk
groups (including prostitutes) in Sierra Leone; and 287 serum samples
collected prospectively in Côte d\'Ivoire (risk group unknown). All
samples were tested in parallel with a licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA. The
samples from Senegal, Sierra Leone and Liberia were also tested in
parallel with a licensed HIV-2 EIA. Specimens from Côte d\'Ivoire were
tested with an investigational HIV‑2 Western blot. Samples repeatedly
reactive with the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA or the
licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA or HIV-2 EIA were tested with a licensed HIV-1
Western blot and an investigational HIV‑2 Western blot. If the sample
volume was not sufficient for testing with a licensed HIV-1 Western
blot, it was tested with a licensed HIV-1 IFA.
Table 7: Detection of Antibodies to HIV‑2 in Specimens from an Endemic
Area
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Results with HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Licensed</p>
<p>HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Licensed</p>
<p>HIV-2 EIA</p></td>
<td colspan="3">Repeatedly Reactive Specimens</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Endemic Area</td>
<td>No. Tested</td>
<td><p>Repeatedly</p>
<p>Reactive</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Repeatedly</p>
<p>Reactive</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Repeatedly</p>
<p>Reactive</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Pos. by HIV-1</p>
<p>Western blot Alone</p></td>
<td><p>Pos. by HIV-2</p>
<p>Western blot Alone</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Pos. by both HIV-1</p>
<p>HIV-2 Western blot</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Senegal</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">1</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td colspan="2">1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Liberia</td>
<td>614<sup>a</sup></td>
<td>46</td>
<td colspan="2">*</td>
<td colspan="2">*</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Sierra Leone</td>
<td>589</td>
<td>66</td>
<td colspan="2">75</td>
<td colspan="2">84</td>
<td colspan="2">28</td>
<td>5</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Côte d'Ivoire</td>
<td>287</td>
<td>36</td>
<td colspan="2">36</td>
<td colspan="2">NT</td>
<td colspan="2">17</td>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total</td>
<td>1590</td>
<td>151</td>
<td colspan="2">112</td>
<td colspan="2">86</td>
<td colspan="2">48</td>
<td>11</td>
<td colspan="2">11</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
\* Samples were initially reactive on the licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA
(n=133) and the licensed HIV-2 EIA (n=124). There was insufficient
volume for retesting.
A total of 617 specimens were tested. However, 1 specimen was unresolved
for HIV-1 and 2 specimens were unresolved for HIV‑2. Therefore, these 3
specimens were not included in the total numbers. Two of the specimens
were initially reactive with the licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA and all three
specimens were initially reactive with the licensed HIV-2 EIA.
Specimens were considered positive by HIV-2 Western blot if two of the
following three bands were present: gp105/140, gp36/41, or p26.
Specimens were considered positive by HIV-1 Western blot if two of the
following three bands were present: gp120/160, gp41, or p24. A test
specimen is interpreted as positive by licensed IFA when there is a
specific cytoplasmic staining pattern in the HIV-1 infected cells and
there is a significant difference in the intensity of fluorescent
staining and the pattern of fluorescence between the HIV-1 infected and
uninfected cells.
In this study, 9.5% (151/1590) of the specimens from West African
populations that were tested by Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
were repeatedly reactive. All of the specimens were also tested with a
licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA. One hundred twelve (112) specimens (7.0%) were
repeatedly reactive. Specimens from Côte d'Ivoire were not tested with a
licensed HIV-2 EIA but all were tested with an investigational HIV-2
Western blot. All specimens from Senegal, Liberia and Sierra Leone were
tested with a licensed HIV‑2 EIA (a total of 1303 specimens). Of the
1303 specimens tested, 86 specimens (6.6%) were repeatedly reactive on a
licensed HIV-2 EIA.
All specimens testing repeatedly reactive by the Genetic Systems™
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA, licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA and the licensed HIV-2
EIA were tested with a licensed HIV‑1 Western blot or licensed HIV-1 IFA
and an investigational HIV-2 Western blot, using the criteria given
previously. All specimens positive by Western blot (48 specimens that
were positive by HIV-1 Western blot, 11 specimens that were positive by
HIV-2 Western blot, and 11 specimens that were positive by both HIV-1
and HIV-2 Western blot) and repeatedly reactive by a licensed
HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA and/or licensed HIV-2 EIA were also repeatedly reactive
by Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV‑2 Peptide EIA.
In addition, comparative sensitivity with a licensed HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA was
evaluated in prospective studies in endemic areas of West Africa
(Senegal, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire). In these studies, the
Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA was positive in 22 of 22
samples which were reactive by the licensed HIV-1/HIV‑2 EIA and
additionally confirmed by a positive investigational HIV-2 Western blot,
demonstrating equivalent sensitivity for detection of antibody to HIV-2
compared with a previously licensed test.
###
# PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CADAVERIC SPECIMEN TESTING
## Reproducibility
Inter-assay reproducibility of Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
was assessed using twenty post-mortem sera and twenty normal donor sera,
spiked with HIV-1 and HIV-2 positive serum to give reactivity near the
cutoff. Each of the samples was tested once on six different days on
each of three lots of Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA at one
site. For inter-assay reproducibility over all lots, percent coefficient
of variation (%CV) ranged from 5.1% to 11.8% for the spiked post-mortem
samples and from 6.3% to 12.3% for the spiked normal donor samples.
## Specificity
Specificity was evaluated in a clinical investigation at one site in two
studies: 1. Fifty (50) paired pre- and post-mortem specimens were tested
concurrently on Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA; 2. Sixty-five
(65) post-mortem samples and sixty-five normal donor samples were tested
concurrently on Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. Repeatedly
reactive specimens were additionally tested with a licensed HIV-2 EIA
and confirmed with a licensed HIV-1 Western blot and HIV-1 IFA. Results
are presented in Tables 8 and 9 below.
Table 8: Reactivity with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Po | Number | No | I | Re | C |
| pulation | | nreactive | nitially | peatedly | onfirmed |
| | Tested | | | | |
| | | | Reactive | Reactive | Positive |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Pr | 50 | 50 | 0 | NA | NA |
| e-mortem | | | | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | (100.00%) | (0.00%) | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Pos | 50 | 50 | 0 | NA | NA |
| t-mortem | | | | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | (100.00%) | (0.00%) | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
NA = Not Applicable
Table 9: Reactivity with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Po | Number | No | I | Re | C |
| pulation | | nreactive | nitially | peatedly | onfirmed |
| | Tested | | | | |
| | | | Reactive | Reactive | Positive |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Pos | 65 | 65 | 0 | NA | NA |
| t-mortem | | | | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | (100.00%) | (0.00%) | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Normal | 65 | 64 | 1\* | 1\* | UTI |
| Donor | | | | | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | (98.46%) | (1.54%) | (1.54%) | |
+----------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
NA = Not Applicable UTI = Unable to interpret HIV-1 Western Blot
\*This specimen was nonreactive on a licensed HIV-2 EIA and negative by
HIV-1 IFA
Specificity of Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA was estimated by
the following formula:
---------------------------------------------------------------- ------
[(# specimens - \# repeatedly reactive specimens)]{.underline} x 100
(# specimens - \# repeatedly reactive specimens confirmed
positive for HIV-1 or HIV-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------- ------
A total of one hundred fifteen (115) unselected post-mortem specimens
were tested with the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA for
determining specificity. Of the 115 specimens, 65 were tested and
compared with 65 normal donor specimens while 50 post-mortem specimens
were paired to pre-mortem specimens. None of the post-mortem specimens
were reactive with the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA. Thus,
the Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA has an estimated
specificity of 100.00% (95%; binomial confidence interval^43^ =
\[99.57%, 100%\]) for post-mortem specimens. By comparison, a total of
sixty-five normal donor specimens were tested concurrently with the
sixty-five post-mortem specimens. One normal donor specimen (1.54%) was
initially and repeatedly reactive. The specimen was unable to be
interpreted on the licensed HIV-1 Western blot due to high background.
This specimen was also tested with the licensed Fluorognost HIV-1 IFA
test kit from Waldheim Pharmazeutika and found to be IFA negative.
Additionally, the specimen was tested with the Genetic Systems™ HIV-2
EIA and found to be nonreactive. The mean optical density signal for the
65 post-mortem specimens was 0.043 whereas the mean optical density
signal for the 65 normal donor specimens was 0.054. In this population,
according to the Student\'s t-test, there is no significant statistical
difference between the post-mortem mean optical density signal and that
of the normal donors (assuming unequal variance). Additionally, 50
pre-mortem specimens were tested concurrently with 50 paired post-mortem
specimens. The mean optical density signal for the post-mortem specimens
was 0.066 whereas the mean optical density signal for the pre-mortem
specimens was 0.063. According to the Student\'s t-test, there is no
significant statistical difference between the post-mortem mean optical
density signal and that of the pre-mortem (paired two-specimen for
means).
## Sensitivity
Ninety-one (91) post-mortem samples and ninety-one (91) normal donor
samples were pre-screened for antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2 and found to
be nonreactive. Each sample was divided into two portions. One portion
of each post-mortem and normal donor sample was spiked at a potency near
cutoff with a positive serum containing HIV-1 or HIV-2 antibody and the
remaining portion was left unspiked. The ninety-one spiked and unspiked
post-mortem samples were tested concurrently with 91 spiked and unspiked
normal donor specimens on the same run of Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA. Spiked specimens were expected to be reactive and therefore
were not retested in duplicate. Results are presented in Table 10 below.
Table 10 Reactivity with Genetic Systems™ HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| Population | N | No | In | Re | Co |
| | umber | nreactive | itially | peatedly | nfirmed |
| | | | | | |
| | T | | R | Reactive | P |
| | ested | | eactive | | ositive |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| Spiked | 91 | 0 | 91 | NT | 91 |
| post-mortem | | | | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| | | (0.00%) | (1 | | (1 |
| | | | 00.00%) | | 00.00%) |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| Unspiked | 91 | 91 | 0 | NA | NA |
| post-mortem | | | | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| | | (100.00%) | (0.00%) | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| | | | | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| Spiked normal | 91 | 0 | 91 | NT | 91 |
| donor | | | | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| | | (0.00%) | (1 | | (1 |
| | | | 00.00%) | | 00.00%) |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| Unspiked | 91 | 91 | 0 | NA | NA |
| normal donor | | | | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
| | | (100.00%) | (0.00%) | | |
+----------------+-------+-----------+---------+----------+---------+
NT = Not Tested; NA = Not Applicable
As can be seen in Table 10, of ninety-one post-mortem samples and
ninety-one normal donor samples, spiked at a potency near cutoff and
tested concurrently, all (100.00%) were reactive with Genetic Systems™
HIV-1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA.
Furthermore, according to the Student\'s t-test, there is no significant
statistical difference between the spiked post-mortem mean optical
density signal and that of the spiked normal donor mean optical density
signal (two sample assuming unequal variances). These results
demonstrate that the detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody in
post-mortem samples is comparable to the detection in normal donors.
## Reason for Special Precaution:
## Possible sources of errors:
## Helpful hints:
## Clinical situations that may influence test:
## Clinical applications:
## Turn around time:
# Limitations of Procedure
# LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
1. The Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA Procedure and the
Interpretation of Results must be followed closely when testing for
the presence of antibodies to HIV‑1 and/or HIV‑2 in plasma, serum,
or cadaveric serum specimens. The user of this kit is advised to
read the package insert carefully prior to conducting the test. In
particular, the test procedure must be carefully followed for sample
and reagent pipetting, plate washing, and time and temperature of
the incubation steps. Data regarding the interpretation were derived
from testing serum, plasma, or cadaveric serum samples. Insufficient
data are available to interpret tests performed on other body
specimens, pooled blood or processed plasma, and products made from
such pools; testing of these specimens is not recommended.
2. The Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2 Peptide EIA detects antibodies to
HIV‑1 and HIV‑2 and thus is useful in screening blood and plasma
donated for transfusion and further manufacture, in screening
cadaveric serum for tissue donation, in evaluating patients with
signs or symptoms of AIDS, and in establishing prior infection with
HIV-1 or HIV-2. Clinical studies continue to clarify and refine the
interpretation and medical significance of the presence of
antibodies to HIV‑1 or HIV‑2.^10^ Repeatedly reactive specimens must
be investigated by additional, more specific, or supplemental tests.
Recommendations for appropriate use of such additional tests may be
issued periodically by the United States Public Health Service. For
individuals who are confirmed positive for antibodies, appropriate
counseling and medical evaluation should be offered, and these
should be considered an important part of testing for antibody to
HIV-1 and HIV‑2 including confirmation of the test result on a
freshly drawn sample.
3. AIDS and AIDS-related conditions are clinical syndromes and their
diagnosis can only be established clinically.^36^ Testing alone
cannot be used to diagnose AIDS, even if the recommended
investigation of reactive specimens suggests a high probability that
the antibody to HIV‑1 or HIV‑2 is present.
4. A negative test result at any point in the investigation of
individual subjects does not preclude the possibility of exposure to
or infection with HIV-1 and/or HIV-2.
5. False negative results can occur if the quantity of marker present
in the sample is too low for the detection limits of the assay, or
if the marker which is detected is not present during the stage of
disease in which a sample is collected.
6. Failure to add specimen or reagent as instructed in the procedure
could result in a falsely negative test. Repeat testing should be
considered where there is clinical suspicion of infection or
procedural error.
7. The risk of an asymptomatic person with a repeatedly reactive serum
developing AIDS or an AIDS-related condition is not
known.^10,\ 37,\ 38^ However, in a prospective study, AIDS developed
in 51% of homosexual men after 10 years of infection.^39^
8. Data obtained from testing persons both at increased and at low risk
for HIV-1 and/or HIV‑2 infection suggest that repeatedly reactive
specimens with high reactivity on the Genetic Systems™ HIV‑1/HIV-2
Peptide EIA may be more likely to demonstrate the presence of
antibodies to HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 by additional, more specific, or
supplemental testing.^40^ Borderline reactivity is more frequently
nonspecific, especially in samples obtained from persons at low risk
for infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2; however, the presence of
antibodies to HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 in some of these specimens can be
demonstrated by additional, more specific, or supplemental testing,
or by testing a subsequent sample drawn at a later date (e.g. 3 to 6
months).^41^
9. It is generally recognized that detection and confirmation of HIV
antibody in infants born to seropositive mothers is not adequate to
diagnose HIV infection in the infant, since maternal IgG frequently
persists for as long as 18 months after birth. Supplemental assays
designed specifically for neonatal specimens may be helpful in
resolving such cases.^42^
10. An absorbance value of less than 0.000 AU may indicate a procedural
or instrument error which should be evaluated. That result is
invalid and that specimen must be re-run.
11. Factors that can affect the validity of results include failure to
add the specimen to the well, inadequate washing of microplate
wells, failure to follow stated incubation times and temperatures,
addition of wrong reagents to wells, the presence of metals, or
splashing of bleach into wells.
12. Non-repeatedly reactive specimens can be caused by:
- improper washing of microwell plates during the initial test
cross-contamination of nonreactive specimens with HIV antibody from
a high-titered specimen contamination of the Chromogen Reagent
solution by oxidizing agents (sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen
peroxide, etc).
- contamination of the Stopping Reagent
13. A person who has antibodies to HIV-1 is presumed to be infected with
the virus, except that a person who has participated in an HIV
vaccine study may develop antibodies to the vaccine and may or may
not be infected with HIV. Clinical correlation is indicated with
appropriate counseling, medical evaluation, and possibly additional
testing to decide whether a diagnosis of HIV infection is accurate.
###
## Reportable range:
## Interfering Substances:
# Reference Procedures:
# References:
# BIBLIOGRAPHY
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etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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7. Greene WC: The molecular biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science
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20. Cabrian K, Shriver K, Goldstein L, et al: Human immunodeficiency
virus type 2: a review. J Clinical Immunoassay 11:107-114, 1988.
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licensed HIV‑1 enzyme immunoassays for detection of HIV‑2
antibodies. Abstracts: 1989 V International Conference on AIDS,
section B, page 306.
22. Starcich BR, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, et al: Identification and
characterization of conserved and variable regions in the envelope
gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of AIDS. Cell 45: 637-648,
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23. Wang JJG, Steel S, Wisniewolski R, Wang CY: Detection of antibodies
to human T-lymphotrophic virus type III by using a synthetic peptide
of 21 amino acid residues corresponding to a highly antigenic
segment of gp41 envelope protein. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 83:
6159-6163, 1986.
24. Cosand WL: Synthetic antigen for the detection of AIDS-related
disease. U.S. Patent #4,629,783, 1986.
25. Fenouillet E, Sorensen A-M, Lacroix M, Coutellier A, Herson S,
Fretz-Foucault C, Gluckman J-C: Early and specific diagnosis of
seropositivity to HIVs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using
*env*-derived synthetic peptides. AIDS 4: 1137-41, 1990.
26. Gnann JW, McCormick, Mitchell S, Nelson J, Oldstone MBA: Synthetic
peptide immunoassay distinguishes HIV type 1 and HIV type 2
infections. Science 237: 1346-1349, 1987.
27. Gnann JW, Nelson JA, Oldstone MBA: Fine mapping of an immunodominant
domain in the transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency
virus. J Virol 61: 2639-2641, 1987.
28. Alizon M, Wain-Hobson S, Montagnier L, Sonigo P: Genetic variability
of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from
African patients. Cell 46: 63-74, 1986.
29. Bos ES, van der Doelen AA, van Rooy N, et al: 3, 3\', 5, 5\' -
tetramethylbenzidine as an ames test negative chromogen for
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30. Garner RC, Walpole AL, Rose FL: Testing of some benzidine analogues
for microsomal activation to bacterial mutagens. Cancer Letters
1:39-42, 1975.
31. Resnick L, Veren K, Salahuddin SZ, et al: Stability and inactivation
of HTLV-III/LAV under clinical and laboratory environments. JAMA
255:1887-1891, 1986.
32. Sarngadharan MG, Markham PD: The role of human T-lymphotropic
retroviruses in leukemia and AIDS, in Wormser GP (ed): AIDS and
Other Manifestations of HIV Infection. New Jersey, Noyes
Publications, 1987, pp 218-220.
33. Bond WW, Favero MS, Petersen NJ, et al: Inactivation of hepatitis B
virus by intermediate-to-high level disinfectant chemicals. J Clin
Micro 18:535-538, 1983.
34. Sehulster LM, Hollinger FB, Dreesman GR, Melnick JL: Immunological
and biophysical alteration of hepatitis B virus antigens by sodium
hypochlorite disinfection. Appl Environ Microbiol 42:762-7, 1981.
35. NCCLS: Preparation and testing of reagent water in the clinical
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for Clinical Laboratory Standards, document C3-A2, 11(13),
(ISBN1-562328-127-X), 1991.
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 1993 Revised
Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance
Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults. MMWR 41 (No.
RR-17):1-19, 1992.
37. Taylor JMG, Schwartz K, Detels R: The time from infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of AIDS. J Infect Dis
154:694-697, 1986.
38. Hunter DJ, De Gruttola V: Estimation of risk of outcomes of HTLV-III
infection. Lancet 1:677-678, 1986.
39. Rutherford GW, Lifson AR, Hessol NA, et al: Course of HIV Infection
in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men: an 11 year follow up
study. Br Med J 301:1183-1188, 1990.
40. Carlson JR, Bryant ML, Hinrichs SH, et al: AIDS serology testing in
low and high-risk groups. JAMA 253:3405-3408, 1985.
41. Schumacher RT, Garret PE, Tegtmeier GE, Thomas D: Comparative
detection of anti-HIV in early HIV seroconversion. J Clin
Immunoassay 11: 130-134, 1988.
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43. Blyth CR, Still HA: Binomial confidence intervals, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, 78:108-116, 1983.
###
## Manufacturer Product Literature:
## Textbooks:
## Standard Publications:
## Written Personal Communications:
## Research:
# Revision History:
# Appendix
## Manufacturer Product Instructions:
## Flow Diagrams
## Card Indexing
#
| en |
markdown | 683950 | # Presentation: 683950
## Hadronic Moments in Semileptonic B decays Preblessing CDF 6754, 6972, 6973
- Alex, Hung-Chung, Laurent, Marjorie, Ramon
## Contents
- What are these moments? Why are they interesting?
- Analysis strategy
- Selection of lD*/lD+ samples
- Montecarlo validation
- ** selection & optimization
- Raw mass distributions
- Background modeling
- Background Subtraction
- Acceptance corrections
- Final fit to m**
- Extraction of QCD parameters
## Introduction
- Vcb connected to BXcl
- Xc=anything(c) Inclusive
- Xc=D0/*/+ Exclusive
- Hadronic mass moments:
- Hadronic mass distribution from semi-leptonic decays:
- BXc l
- D, D*, D**
- only D** component needs to be measured
- Spectroscopy of D mesons
## Inclusive Vcb Determination and hadronic moments
- Inclusive semi-leptonic B decays:
- (BXcl) = |Vcb|2 f(,1,2,...)
- Moments: g(,1,2,...)
- one can measure the moments to improve the knowledge on Vcb
- currently the theory uncertainties dominate
- general test of non-perturbative aspects of HQET
- measuring ,1 in several ways and finding consistency would be a powerful test of the OPE treatment of HQET
- Experimentally:
- CLEO, BABAR: inclusive technique with fully reconstructed B on the away side
- DELPHI: inspired our approach
## Moments Definition
- Spectral Moments:
- lepton energy: En(d/dE)dE / (d/dE)dE
- photon energy in bs
- hadronic mass:
- dsH sHn (d/dsH) / dsH (d/dsH)
- where sH = mX2
- usually sH=mX2-m2Dspin
- (mDspin = 0.25mD+0.75m D* spin averaged mass)
## Hadronic Mass
- Hadronic mass spectrum:
- Explicitly measure only the D** component, f**(sH), normalized to 1. Only the shape is needed.
- PDG values for D and D* masses and b.r. will be inserted.
## Channels with charged B
- B- D**0 l- __
- D**0 D+ - OK
- D**0 D0 0 Not reconstructed. Half the rate of D+ -
- D**0 D*+ -
- D*+ D0 + OK
- D*+ D+ 0 Not reconstructed. Feed-down to D+ -
- bckgd shape from channel above (D0-), rate is half
- D**0 D*0 0 Not reconstructed. Half the rate of D*+ -
- We can reconstruct all the Xc spectrum
- Neutral B would add statistics but involve neutrals
## Event Topology
- D0, D+, D*+: 3D vertex of K()
- Lepton +D: 3D vertex
- Additional track (**) for D**
- use the track’s d0 w.r.t. the B and Primary vertices to tell ** from prompt tracks
- B- D**0l-
- PV
- l-
- - (aka **)
- +
- +
- K-
- D+
## The strategy
- Correct for (m**), (D+)/(D*)
- Selection:
- Optimize on MC+WS combinations
- Cross check on *
- ** Background
- Combinatorial
- D’
- BDD
- cc
- ...
- Collect as many modes as possible:
- (K)*
- (K)*
- (K0)*
- K
- Check yields
- Validate MC
- Measure selection bias on m** from:
- MC
- D* candidates
- Rely on MC (& PDG) for:
- (D+)/(D*)
- Unseen modes (Isospin)
- Lepton spectrum acceptance
- Subtract backgrounds
- Use PDG to go m**m**
- Compute <m**2> & <m**4>
- Include D(*)0
- Extract , 1
- Systematics
- CDF6754
- CDF6972/6973
## D(*)+ Reconstruction
## Dataset & Initial Selection
- Dataset:
- Jbot2h/0i: muon + SVT
- Jbot8h/4i: electron + SVT
- Refit:
- G3X (standard B, phantom layer), beamline 19
- ISL, L00 hits dropped
- COT scaling: (curv,d0,0,,z0)=(5.33,3.01,3.7,0.58,0.653)
- LeptonSvtSel: default cuts
- Thru run 165297
## Track & Vertex Cuts
- TrackSelector:
- COT hits: >20 Ax, >20 St
- Si hits: 3 Ax
- K, : pT > 0.4 GeV/c
- leptons: pT > 4 GeV/c (from LeptonSvtSel)
- D vertex:
- 3D fit
- one track has to be matched to the SVT track
- Lepton+D vertex:
- 3D fit
- **:
- 20+20 COT hits
- Si hits: 3 Ax, 3 SAS+Z (-30% stat, x2 S/B)
- Pt>0.4 GeV/c
## K
| | K | K0 | K | K |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yield | 3890 63 | 6638 98 | 2994 57 | 15067 182 |
- K
- K0
- K
- e
- e
- e
-
-
-
- K
-
- e
## MC samples and validation
## Montecarlo Generation
- Bgenerator/EvtGen/CdfSim/TRGSim++
- “realistic simulation” with representative run number
- Different samples:
- MC Validation
- D samples inclusive BXcl
- * tracking (** proxy) exclusive BD*l
- Optimization inclusive BlD**
- Efficiency, M** bias individual D** mesons
- (e.g. BD1l, D1D*, D*D0, D0K)
## Approach to MC validation
- Cross-check kinematic variables
- B spectrum modeling
- Trigger emulation
- Compare many data/MC distributions using binned 2
- Every possible decay mode
- Sideband subtracted before comparison
- Duplicate removal (D0K)
## Kinematic Comparisons: D*, D0K
- Kinematic Comparisons: D*, D0K
| Ptl | PtD | PtlD | d0l |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| mlD | LxylD | LxyD | LxylDD |
| Pt*
| d0K | RlD | RlK |
| PtK | Pt | | |
## Slide 18
| Matching-2
prob (%) | K | | K(0) | | K | | K | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | e | | e | | e | | e | |
| pT(l) | 4 | 12 | 43 | 40 | 38 | 11 | 16 | 1 |
| pT(D) | 3 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 79 | 12 | 4 |
| pT(l-D) | 41 | 17 | 30 | 2 | 49 | 22 | 9 | 4 |
| d0(l) | 10 | 92 | 75 | 27 | 30 | 4 | 95 | 2 |
| m(l-D) | 2 | 3 | 50 | 61 | 48 | 69 | 16 | 42 |
| LXY(l-D) | 48 | 23 | 41 | 12 | 32 | 69 | 29 | 0.07 |
| LXY(D) | 23 | 88 | 69 | 99 | 95 | 47 | 87 | 2 |
| LXY(B to D) | 61 | 29 | 6 | 13 | 17 | 89 | 24 | 2 |
| pT(*) >0.4 GeV | 28 | 42 | 21 | 70 | 38 | 1 | – | – |
| do(K) | 68 | 72 | 83 | 54 | 74 | 15 | 17 | 72 |
| R(l-D) | 34 | 29 | 26 | 51 | 86 | 33 | 57 | 30 |
| R(l-K) | 17 | 12 | 33 | 66 | 38 | 2 | 29 | 2 |
| pT(K) | 22 | 20 | 49 | 52 | 83 | 10 | 25 | 15 |
| pT() | 90 | 20 | 14 | 59 | 2 | 8 | – | – |
| pT(2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 67 | 64 |
## Can we “predict” relative yields?
- Two methods (a,b) to derive this BR
- Based on inclusive bD(*)+l
- Based on exclusive BD(*)+l, D**l
- +PDG BR + MC efficiency ratios
- Assume MC predictions and use 13% systematics
## D**
## Optimization
- The relevant discriminants are:
- Pt
- R
- d0PV
- d0BV
- d0DV
- LxyBD
- Signal model: MC
- Background model:
- WS **l charge
- Optimize significance
- PV
- BV
- DV
- **
- D0D+
- d0PV
- d0BV
- d0DV
## Discriminating Variables
- ** Pt (GeV)
- R (**-lD)
- ** 2d IP signif.WRT PV
- ** 3d IP signif.WRT BV
- ** 3d IP signif.WRT DV
## Optimization!
- Generate D** montecarlo (the shape)
- Normalize D** MC to data with reasonable cuts
- Now we can turn the crank and optimize...
- But what?
- a is the ratio of background events between signal and sideband region (a<1, usually)
- S is the MC signal (right sign combinations, signal region)
- SWS is the WS data in the signal region
- SBRS is the RS data in the sideband region
- SBWS is the WS data in the sideband region
## Optimal point:
- We have to live with different selections for D**D+ and D**D*(K)
- Pt(**)>0.4 GeV
- R<1.0
- |d0PV/|>2.5
- |d0BV/|<3.0
- S/sqrt(...)8
- D*
- D+
- |d0DV/|>0.8
- Lxy(BD)>0.05 cm
- S/sqrt(...)6.6
## m**
## Current Mass Distributions
- DELPHI:
- ~80 (K)
- ~80 (D+)
## Background
## Backgrounds
- Background from B decays:
- Know how to model
- Study using Bgenerator/EvtGen/TRGSim++/CdfSim
- “Feeddown”
- Combinatorial background under D peaks:
- side-band subtraction
- Prompt pions in D(*)+-l-:
- Mostly from fragmentation
- wrong-sign combination D++l-
- cc
- D0 impact parameter distribution
## Physics Background
- Physics background studied with BD(*)+Ds-
- Size wrt signal:
- 100% uncertainty
- ~7%
- ~7%
- ~1
- Other modes
## Background: Feed Down
- Irreducible D**0 D*+( D+0)- background to D**0 D+- subtracted statistically:
- M shape of D+- combination above is like D0- from D**0 D*+( D0+)-
- Rate is one half (isospin) times the relative efficiency in both channels time the ratio of the D0 and D+ B.R.’s used in the analysis
## Pollution from ccbar?
- We are cutting hard on Lxy(B) (500m), this is known to “solve” the lifetime problem
- Look at D+/D0 impact parameter for evidence of prompt objects: we do not see any
## Efficiency Corrections
## Pl*
- Theory prediction depends on Pl* cuts. We cannot do much but:
- see how our efficiency as a function of Pl* looks like
- Use a threshold-like correction
- Evaluate systematics for different threshold values
- Pl*
## MC efficiencies
- (M) is dependent on:
- D** decay Model
- Pl* cut
- Use different models/cuts to evaluate systematics:
- Individual resonances
- Goity-Roberts
- Phase space (not shown)
- Baseline: BR weighted
- (EvtGen) average of modes
## Corrections to MC efficiencies
- Worried about possible shortcomings of the MC simulation:
- Efficiency for requiring Si hits
- ** separation variables not perfectly reproduced by MC
- Use * candidates from data to derive corrections
## * probes Si hit efficiency
- D0/+ reco is based on trigger tracks
- Si requirements can bias (D0**)
- (D0)m**
- Take COT-only *
- Apply 3Ax+3 (Stereo+SAS)
- Measure fraction as a function m**
- Use slope (error) as correction
## ** Separation Variables
- ** Separation Variables
- 124/49
- 137/43
- 146/45
- Data MC comparison
- Behavior is similar, but there are discrepancies
- Derive corrections from this comparison
## Data vs MC efficiencies
- Apply to * the same tracking requirements we usually apply to ** (including Si hits)
- Measure efficiencies for ** selection cuts applied to *
- Take the ratio of MC and Data efficiencies as a function of Pt
## Moments Extraction Procedure
## Computing the D** Moments
- All the pieces are put together in an unbinned procedure using weighted events
- Signal right sign (SRS) w = +1
- Signal wrong sign (SWS) w = -1
- Sideband right sign (SBRS) w = -ai
- Sideband wrong sign (SBWS) w = +ai
- Apply efficiency corrections: efficiencies are propagated on weights
- W=w (aPt**+b)/[MC(m**)(cm**+d)]
## More Backgrounds
- Feed-down pseudo-events are formed from the D0** mass in Kevents (in SRS,SWS,SBRS,SBWS). The weight is
- Physics background events are generated and assigned a weight
- where =0.07 is the efficiency of the background relative to the signal. The weight is then corrected with the efficiency factor from MC.
## D+, D*+ Relative Normalization
- Relative normalization of D* channels is irrelevant since they all have the same underlying M distribution.
- D+ channel has a different M distribution. All D+ events have their weights modified as:
- Systematics:
- BR uncertainties from PDG (7%)
- ratio from studies on data (13%)
## Resulting m** distribution
## Computing the Xc Moments
- The D0 and D*0 pieces have to be added to the D**0 moments, according to
- where the fi are the fractions of Dil events above the pl*cut. Only ratios of fi’s enter the final result.
- f
## Moments Extraction Systematics
## Systematics shopping list
- Mass scale and resolution
- Efficiency corrections
- From MC
- from data
- Lepton momentum cut
- Background model
- Radial excitations
- Physics background
- Relative D+/D* normalization
- Semileptonic B branching ratios
- D** mass cut
## Mass scale/resolution
- We are measuring m** and then adding the PDG masses for D+/D*
- Basically insensitive to absolute scale issues
- Mass resolution matters
- The sample with the worst resolution is K0
- Re-smear K0 with 60MeV gaussian and use this as systematic
## Efficiency corrections from MC
- Uncertainty comes from lack of knowledge on the D** BR and phase space structures...
- Two possible MC models:
- BR weighted EvtGen admixture, to the best of today’s knowledge
- Plain phase space
- Switch to evaluate
- systematics...
## Efficiency Corrections from data
- Efficiencies measured on data have modeling uncertainties/stat. Errors
- Float parameters within ranges and compute the effect on the moments
- Mass-dependent: use stat error on slope
- Pt-dependent: use 0th/1st order polynomial difference
## Lepton momentum cut-off
- We are not “literally” cutting on Pl* (it is not accessible, experimentally)
- Detector implicitly cuts on it
- Assume a baseline cut-off
- Vary in a reasonable range to evaluate systematics
- We use f to derive f**, given f0, f*
- f=f(,1)
- We use experimental prior knowledge on ,1 to evaluate systematics
- Effect is negligible
## Other Systematics
- Physics background:
- Branching ratios are poorly known (100% !!!)
- Relative BD/D*/D** branching ratios
- Take PDG values 1
- Theory parameters (1, i, S, mb, mc) varied according to expectations (100%, 0.5GeV3, 5%, 200MeV, 200 MeV)
- D+/D*+ relative scale:
- PDG BR are varied by 1
- MC based efficiencies 13%, according to studies in CDF6754 (D yields note)
## Distribution Cut-off
- The sample has basically no statistical power above 3.5 GeV (EvtGen predicts ~1% signal above cut)
- We need to apply a cutoff in order not to compromise the statistical uncertainty
- Trade off:
- Drop the statistical error, but increase the size of systematics
- Becoming model dependent (we need a model for the extrapolation of the high tail in order to evaluate systematics)
- Temporarily:
- Evaluate moments with different cut-off (3.5-4.0)
## Background Model
- We have 2 possible problems
- Shape
- Alternative model based on fully reconstructed B (“embedding” work in progress)
- Scale
- Based on the charge multiplicites from embedded B+:
- <20% discrepancy between RS and WS
- ~20% of background comes from B+
- ~4% uncertainty on WS/RS scale
## Radial Excitations
- D’D(*)+ should be accounted for in m**
- Not yet observed
- DELPHI limits:
- Embedding-WS comparison could give another limit
- For the time being we assume no D’
## Systematics size
## Results
- All systematics in place except the background shape model (embedding)
- or
- or
## Conclusions
- Comparison with other experiments
- Plan:
- Embedding (background shape, D’)
- Re-evaluate systematics on m** cutoff at 3.5 GeV
- Bless in 2 weeks
## Backup Slides
## Vcb: exclusive determination
- Measure absolute scale of BD*l
- D** states also important for |Vcb| exclusive determination
- end-point in q2 for BD*l decays
- systematic uncertainty from BD**l background
## Channels with neutral B
- _B__0_ D**+ l- __
- D**+ D0 + OK
- D**+ D+ 0 Not reconstructed. Half the rate of D+ -
- D**+ D*0 +
- D*0 D0 0 Not reconstructed. Background to D0 +
- D*0 D0 Not reconstructed. Background to D0 +
- D**+ D*+ 0 Not reconstructed. Half the rate of D*+ -
- We will not deal with neutral B
## Data Stability
- A: (152595-154012) Before winter 2003 shutdown
- B: (158826-165297) After winter 2003 shutdown
- C: (164303-165297) SVT 4/5
## Kinematic Comparisons lD*, D0K
- Kinematic Comparisons lD*, D0K
## Kinematic Comparisons lD*, D0K0
- Kinematic Comparisons lD*, D0K0
## Kinematic Comparisons: D+
## Can we “predict” yields?
- Two methods (a,b) to derive this BR
- Based on inclusive bD(*)+l
- Based on exclusive BD(*)+l, D**l
- +PDG BR + MC efficiency ratios
## What background model for what?
- WS is often used in this kind of analyses as a model for the background
- We can also use our fully reco’d B from other triggers
- We choose to use WS for the optimization
- Embedding is being used as a cross-check for systematics
## What’s available on the market...
- D**D0
- No background subtraction
- ~80 events in D*+
- ~80 events in D+
- ~215 events on D0
- uncertainty > sqrt(n)
- D**D+
- D**D*
## Estimator Behaviour
## K Optimization
## D+ Optimization
## Combinatorial Background
- WS **
- Already used for the optimization
- Physics can be different
- Fully reco. B
- independent emulation of the background
- Limited statistics
- Needs some machinery for emulating a semileptonic decay!
- Eliminate the B daughters
- Replace the B with a semileptonic B with the same 4-momentum: a template montecarlo where the B decay comes from EvtGen and the rest of the event comes from the data!
## Background Modeling II
- Lxy>500m
- Tight cuts (avoid subtractions)
- Exclude B tracks
- Replace with MC B
- QuickCdfObjects/GenTrig
- Re-decay N times
- Same analysis path from there on
## Signal Fits
## Sample Consistency
## Slide 75
## Embedded MC vs Semileptonics
- MC yield scaled to number of data events
## Pl*
- see how our analysis bias looks like
- Use a threshold-like correction
- Evaluate systematics for different threshold values
- Pl*
## MC efficiencies
- (M) is dependent on:
- D** decay Model
- Pl* cut
- Use different models/cuts to evaluate systematics
## MC Validation
- * is an unique probe:
- Large statistics
- Low background
- “Similar” spectrum to **
- Can reconstruct with minimal cuts (e.g. COT only)
- Technique:
- Search for * with very loose cuts
- Do not include in B vertex
- Study biases to kinematics from tracking
- Study IP resolution(data/MC): Primary, B & D vertices
- Study (data/MC) vs selection criteria
## MC validation
- Cross-check kinematic variables
- B spectrum modeling
- Trigger emulation
- Validate CdfSim model of tracking resolution
- Relative efficiencies
- ** selection/bias
- Compare many data/MC distributions using binned 2
- Every possible decay mode
- Sideband subtracted before comparison
- Duplicate removal (D0K)
## Kinematics
- Can we rely on kinematical biases estimated from MC?
- Rem: we don’t care about absolute scales
- Pt dependent MC/data ratio:
- 400 MeV
- * Pt
- MC
- Data
- MC/Data vs Pt
## Impact Parameters
- 148/34
- 26/30
- 151/45
- 134/32
- 61/30
- 118/43
- 40/33
- 42/42
- 58/52
## Impact Parameters (covr)
- 40/33
- 550/40
- 124/49
- 133/32
- 39/29
- 137/43
- 146/34
- 25/30
- 146/45
## (MC), (data) vs selection criteria
## Another perspective: MC(after/before) / data(after/before)
## MC(after/before) / data(after/before) Plan for the evaluation of systematics
## Ds Background
- Ds Background
- Use peak in D+ candidates to set the scale
- Measure the relative contribution of Ds decays to D+ fakes using MC
- Extrapolate to the total size of the contribution: 4%
- Build a suitable D** background model
- Subtract
## Cross-feeds
## Cross-feeds (details, sat.)
## Cross-feeds (details, K)
## Cross-feeds (details K)
## D** Moments
- Combine all events of all types in all channels (D*,D+,SRS,SBRS,feed-down, etc.)
- Compute mean (m1) and variance (m2) of M2 distribution with weighted events.
- Errors and correlation computed with MC (for toy MC) or bootstrap (for data).
- For some realizations, one finds a negative value for m2 = Var(M2) = <M4> - <M2>2.
## Inputs for the D0 and D*0 Contributions
- For the BR’s, results from charged and neutral B decays are combined using isospin: partial widths are assumed equal.
- BR’s, ratio of lifetimes and ratio of production fractions are taken from PDG.
- Toy Monte Carlo is used to propagate the uncertainties from m1, m2, the BR’s, etc., to uncertainties on M1 and M2 and their correlation.
## Slide 94
| en |
converted_docs | 400342 | **REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL NUMBER AHRQ-06-000033**
**AMENDMENT NUMBER 01**
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | * | **Questions/Answers** |
| | *Reference** | |
+===+==============+===================================================+
| 1 | General | Is it correct to assume that all references to |
| . | | web pages are referring to \"forward-facing\" web |
| | | pages? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: No reference of "forward-facing" is made |
| | | in the PWS, and we are unsure of its meaning. Web |
| | | pages include Intranet, Extranet, and public Web |
| | | sites. However, they do not include back-end |
| | | applications.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | General | Is it correct to assume the SP will be |
| . | | responsible for collaborating, contributing to, |
| | | and taking part in web redesign efforts led by |
| | | other contractors and federal staff? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | General | Will a primary role of the SP be to provide |
| . | | guidance and advice of web dissemination |
| | | strategies? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | General | Will a primary role of the SP be to serve as a |
| . | | conduit for web-based tools? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | Will the SP be responsible for providing guidance |
| | | and acting as a liaison with appropriate |
| | | Government or Contractor resources for Web-based |
| | | tool development? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | General | Will project manager responsibilities for web |
| . | | design and improvement strategies reside in an |
| | | organization outside of the SP? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The SP will have project manager |
| | | responsibility for those projects within the |
| | | scope of the PWS.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | General | The number of contractors and the tasks they are |
| . | | supposed to perform will dictate the level of |
| | | resources in the proposal dedicated to SP |
| | | coordination activities. Understanding the roles |
| | | of all of the participants in communications\' |
| | | service delivery would make resource estimation |
| | | more accurate. |
| | | |
| | | Answer: [It is not possible to provide a list of |
| | | all of the existing AHRQ contractors and the |
| | | potential interactions that the SP might have |
| | | with each of them, or all of the contractors\' |
| | | specific activities. However, bidders should |
| | | consider that many tasks that contractors are |
| | | currently performing are included in the PWS. |
| | | Further, bidders should also take note wherever |
| | | workload data are provided that detail |
| | | consultations, meetings, and e-mails with staff |
| | | in AHRQ\'s offices and centers, and use that as |
| | | the basis for determining the level of effort |
| | | needed to meet this requirement.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | 1.4.5 | It would be useful to have a list of the |
| . | | contractors and the potential interactions that |
| | | the SP would have with each. This is vital to |
| | | determine the amount of staffing needed to |
| | | successfully perform liaison and coordinating |
| | | tasks and perform PWS functional tasks. In order |
| | | to determine the dividing line of tasks with the |
| | | many existing contractors, it would be very |
| | | beneficial to have information on their specific |
| | | activities |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The workload data provides adequate |
| | | information to address this issue. For example, |
| | | see the workload data indicating the "number of |
| | | interface actions, meetings, etc."]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 8 | 5.2.1.1 | Will the SP be required to obtain a specific type |
| . | | of software and hardware for the workload |
| | | management system? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: No.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | Will the SP have internal AHRQ/Government |
| | | assistance in the development of the workload |
| | | management system? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: No.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 9 | 5.2.1.2 | Does Government approval for a task or project |
| . | | occur [before or after]{.underline} a request is |
| | | entered in the system? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: After.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.3. | Do the requirements Coordination and Integration |
| 0 | | of Health Communications and Implementation |
| . | | Services section include ALL such activities |
| | | across the Agency, including those now conducted |
| | | through contractors in other Offices and Centers? |
| | | The bidder assumes that integration speaks to |
| | | both internal to the SP and externally to the |
| | | entire AHRQ environment. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes, your assumption is |
| | | correct.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4 | The SP shall convey to the Web Manager completed |
| 1 | .3.1.5.4.2.4 | PO-approved products for posting to the Web site. |
| . | | Does this mean the web manager will be a Federal |
| | | employee? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes. Routine Web management tasks that |
| | | may be performed in the course of reviewing, |
| | | uploading, and/or conveying content or products |
| | | for the AHRQ Web site that have already been |
| | | approved by the PO are not inherently |
| | | governmental and within the scope of the study as |
| | | described here and elsewhere in section C.5.4 and |
| | | section C.5.6. The AHRQ Web guidance and |
| | | governance functions are intended to ensure final |
| | | responsibility for AHRQ\'s Web site reside with |
| | | Federal-government staff.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.4.1.2.2 | Section C.5.4.4.1.2.2 refers to \"Develop other |
| 2 | | products describing program initiatives\.....\" |
| . | | and so forth and gives examples. This immediately |
| | | follows the section C.5.4.4.1.2.1 that states |
| | | \"Develop reports, program briefs, fact sheets, |
| | | research findings, conference summaries.\" There |
| | | is a workload indicator for all item categories |
| | | in this first section but there are no workload |
| | | indicators for the \"other\" products in |
| | | C.5.4.4.1.2.2. It is the bidder\'s understanding |
| | | that these \"other products\" range from simple |
| | | and quickly developed products to very |
| | | comprehensive products. This other workload needs |
| | | to be resourced. Can workload indicators be |
| | | provided to avoid major assumptions? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: It is not always possible to anticipate |
| | | the demands of the Agency or the amount of |
| | | research necessary to write these other products. |
| | | However, the Government estimates the following |
| | | (assume all page lengths are for the final |
| | | typeset pages):]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | - [12, two-to-four page documents\--six of |
| | | which require research to write the entire |
| | | text, and six of which will build on existing |
| | | material;]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | - [12, two-page highlight documents---all of |
| | | which require extraction of information from |
| | | other sources; and]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | - [Four, eight-to-ten page quarterly highlights |
| | | of Agency research\-\--all of which require |
| | | research and review of existing |
| | | materials.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.4.3.2 | The language in the section \"Evaluate contract |
| 3 | | deliverables (at peer review stage) to verify |
| . | | compliance with product submission requirements, |
| | | including editorial/formatting style and |
| | | conformance to programmatic standards\" raises |
| | | questions. Is the PWS asking for the SP to review |
| | | its own contractors or other Program contractors |
| | | performing communications work? Or both. Does the |
| | | SP have monitoring responsibility of |
| | | outside/program/portfolio contractors? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: This particular section refers to the |
| | | deliverables from other contractors. However, the |
| | | SP shall also be responsible for reviewing all of |
| | | the products it develops.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.5.2.3.3 | \"Provide ongoing consultation and technical |
| 4 | | assistance to Agency staff and contractors on |
| . | | design-related features of Agency design |
| | | identity\" is a very vague statement that does |
| | | not describe the resources needed for the task. |
| | | Please clarify. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Review Sections C.5.4.5.2.3.3.1-4 of the |
| | | PWS for clarification and detail.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.6.1.1 | The planning and coordination roles need workload |
| 5 | | to properly resource the requirement. |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: Bidders should determine staffing and |
| | | other resources required to address the planning |
| | | and coordination roles outlined in this |
| | | requirement based on the workload data listed for |
| | | Section C.5.4.6.1.1, beginning on page TE 5-001-4 |
| | | and continuing on page TE 5-001-05, especially |
| | | data that summarize the total number of Web pages |
| | | uploaded annually. Bidders should also see |
| | | Technical Exhibit 5-028 on Criteria for |
| | | Determining Development Priorities that is |
| | | referenced in the narrative for |
| | | C.5.4.6.1.1.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.6.1.2.2 | Workload is needed to determine the coding and |
| 6 | | directions volume of activity. |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: Bidders should determine staffing and |
| | | other resources required to provide directions |
| | | and instruction on coding specifications and |
| | | placement on AHRQ\'s main Web site based on the |
| | | workload data listed for Section C.5.4.6.1.3.6 on |
| | | page TE 5-001-05, as well as the data that |
| | | summarizes the total number of Web pages uploaded |
| | | annually.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.6.1.3.1 | Please further explain \"maintain\" and the level |
| 7 | | of effort to maintain the websites. |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: Maintaining means to review and update |
| | | the main Agency Web site, on a daily basis, to |
| | | ensure that it is current.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.6.1.3.4 | In C.5.4.6.1.3.4 contains the instruction to |
| 8 | | develop, maintain and continuously update |
| . | | \"various\" specialty pages and gives three |
| | | examples. The workload indicator is for \"1,000\" |
| | | the first year; it rises each year afterward. |
| | | There is a technical exhibit (#5-028) referenced |
| | | two sub-paragraphs earlier in C.5.4.6.1.3.2 that |
| | | apparently lists \"development priorities\"; but |
| | | this appears to be for separate Web development |
| | | pages associated with that sub-paragraph. There |
| | | is no process expressed for determining which Web |
| | | pages apply to the C.5.4.6.1.3.4 group. |
| | | |
| | | ##### [Answer: Section C.5.4.6.1.3.4 of the |
| | | PWS has been edited for clarity to read "Develop, |
| | | maintain, and continuously update various specia |
| | | lty pages: A-Z menus, site maps, information in S |
| | | panish, pathfinder pages, splash pages, web-tools |
| | | , and multi-medial interface pages."]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 5.4.6.1.4.1 | Monitor quality of work performed by the Web team |
| 9 | | to ensure that all standards are met. Is the PWS |
| . | | referring to an internal Government web team or |
| | | the SP's web team? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Primarily the SP web team, but |
| | | monitoring of the quality of the work performed |
| | | by others for uploads to the main Web site is |
| | | required.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.4.6.1.4.6 | Maintain electronic archive of Web pages. There |
| 0 | | is no workload listed. Please provide. |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: There are an estimated 5,760 files |
| | | uploaded annually. Each upload results in an |
| | | archive action.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.4.6.1.4.7 | Review content on an ongoing basis to ensure that |
| 1 | | information is current and correct, and update |
| . | | documents and files accordingly. There is no |
| | | workload listed. Please provide. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Approximately 1,200 corrections are made |
| | | to files annually. This workload is in addition |
| | | to the 5,760 files that are updated annually as |
| | | described in the answer to question |
| | | 20.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.4.7.2.4 | Serve as interface between public affairs staff. |
| 2 | | This section seems to reference non-SP Public |
| . | | Affairs staff. Is that correct? Please explain |
| | | who these staff are. |
| [ | | |
| ] | | [Answer: No. The SP Public Affairs staff will |
| { | | interface with the SP Publishing Staff, who will |
| . | | then interface with non-SP Desktop Publishing |
| m | | Staff.]{.underline} |
| a | | |
| r | | |
| k | | |
| } | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.4.7.4 | Is it the intent of the PWS for the PWS bidder to |
| 3 | | perform QA on another existing SP? |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes. However, any information is |
| | | provided to the Project Officer for review and |
| | | action.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.5.2.1.2.6 | The language "Work with OCKT Exhibit and |
| 4 | | Conference Support Services" makes it appear that |
| . | | the SP shall have to coordinate with a |
| | | Government-provided contractor for logistics. We |
| | | assumed that all logistical services were part of |
| | | the services to be provided by the SP as part of |
| | | this PWS. Which interpretation is correct? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The intent of this paragraph is to |
| | | describe the coordination needed between SP staff |
| | | carrying out public affairs tasks and with the SP |
| | | staff directly responsible for exhibit and |
| | | conference support services. Thus, the latter |
| | | interpretation is correct.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [The language in that paragraph is changed as |
| | | follows:]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | ["Maintain responsibility for exhibit and |
| | | conference support services and for art direction |
| | | and presentation support to coordinate exhibit |
| | | staffing, posters, slides, or other materials |
| | | necessary for meetings, conferences, or other |
| | | forums. (See C.5.4.10 and |
| | | C.5.4.5.2)"]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.5. | The language "The SP shall pay for all vendor |
| 5 | 6.2.3.1.1.12 | services related to technical assistance and |
| . | | posting or blasting on external servers or other |
| | | resources for Podcasts, ANRs, and VNRs" creates a |
| | | problem. Will the SP need to submit all planned |
| | | vendor services for PO approval? How does the SP |
| | | project these additional costs? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes. Bidders should calculate the costs |
| | | for these vendor services based on the average |
| | | market rate for the services described, |
| | | multiplied by the annual number of ANRs, |
| | | Podcasts, and VNRs that are listed in the work |
| | | load data on page TE 5-001-8.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.5.6.5.3.2 | The language for this subsection is confusing. |
| 6 | | "Working with the AHRQ IRC, compile a weekly |
| . | | collection of news clippings relevant to AHRQ |
| | | research activities and topics of direct |
| | | relevance to AHRQ's mission and goals." This |
| | | bidder is under the impression that the AHRQ |
| | | IRC's tasks are included in the PWS. Is the SP |
| | | working with a group within the SP or some |
| | | outside contractor not part of the SP? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The requirement is deleted. See |
| | | paragraph C.5.7.4.4.3.2.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.6.2.3 | The language presents questions. "Provide |
| 7 | | Management for AHRQ Main Web Site Development |
| . | | Activities" The SP shall provide project |
| | | management for all AHRQ main Web site-related |
| | | development projects" seems to assume that the SP |
| | | will coordinate and be central to all of the |
| | | contractors and Government staff dealing with the |
| | | technical aspects of web development. Is this the |
| | | intent of the section? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: This paragraph is intended to describe |
| | | the activities needed to support the development |
| | | of content and Web-based products (1) on AHRQ's |
| | | main site,]{.underline} |
| | | [www.ahrq.gov](http://www.ahrq.gov/)[; and (2) |
| | | for the third-level AHRQ domains currently |
| | | managed by OCKT (see Technical Exhibit 5-069). |
| | | This paragraph is not intended to address the |
| | | tasks related to sites created and maintained |
| | | through programs in other AHRQ offices or centers |
| | | (for a description of those tasks, see paragraph |
| | | C.5.6.3). The SP's responsibilities for content |
| | | and Web-based products on AHRQ's main site and |
| | | the third-level AHRQ domains currently managed by |
| | | OCKT is more comprehensive and stands in contrast |
| | | to the responsibilities outlined in paragraph |
| | | C.5.6.3, which are more consultative in |
| | | nature.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Further, the project management tasks described |
| | | in this paragraph (and elsewhere in Section 5.6) |
| | | do not relate to Web-based tool deliverables from |
| | | the other offices and centers. Rather, these |
| | | tasks pertain to the interface to the tools and |
| | | their accessibility if deployed on AHRQ\'s main |
| | | Web site.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.6.2.3.2 | Should the SP develop a master project management |
| 8 | | plan considering the SP will not be the technical |
| . | | lead? Will the SP be the technical lead? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The SP shall provide project management |
| | | for projects related to the AHRQ Web site |
| | | (ahrq.gov), and any third-level domains currently |
| | | managed by the OCKT web development team |
| | | (currently the main plus five third-level |
| | | domains). The SP shall also be responsible for |
| | | developing a plan and providing a Task Lead for |
| | | each project.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 5.6.2.3.2.12 | The section refers to "Implement(ing) or |
| 9 | | maintain(ing) quality assurance processes, |
| . | | according to Agency-established protocols and |
| | | review requirements. What are these protocols? |
| | | |
| | | ##### [Answer: Section C.5.6.2.3.2.12 of the P |
| | | WS has been edited for clarity to read: "Implemen |
| | | t or maintain quality assurance according to Agen |
| | | cy established review requirements."]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Also, see Technical Exhibit 5-012 for additional |
| | | information.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.2.3.2.14 | Should the IT contractor performing the web |
| 0 | | development be required to conform to all |
| . | | development requirements? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.2.3.2.15 | The requirements of developing documentation and |
| 1 | | user help are virtually unlimited requirements |
| . | | without boundaries. Clarification on this |
| | | requirement is needed. |
| | | |
| | | ##### [Answer: Section C.5.6.2.3.2.15 of th |
| | | e PWS has been edited for clarity to read: "Provi |
| | | de full documentation for each Web version of a t |
| | | ool or product developed by the SP."]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Also, review the guidance on web-based |
| | | tools.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.2.3.2.6 | Please clarify what \"Administer project |
| 2 | | resources and report on the status at weekly to |
| . | | the Web Management Team\" means? What does |
| | | administer mean? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Administer means to assign and monitor |
| | | the use of resources associated with SP |
| | | projects.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3 | There are few boundaries on the limits of SP |
| 3 | | responsibility in regards to providing assistance |
| . | | on a variety of simultaneous web projects. This |
| | | directly impacts the ability to estimate |
| | | resources. Will the SP play an assistance role |
| | | primarily in web development? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: This paragraph is intended to address |
| | | the role of the SP in providing advice and review |
| | | in the development of third-level domains and |
| | | Web-based tools that are hosted on sites created |
| | | or maintained through AHRQ offices and centers. |
| | | The SP\'s role is primarily consultative and |
| | | intended to ensure that these resources are |
| | | consistent with e-Gov Act requirements and HHS |
| | | Web governance procedures, policies, and |
| | | directives.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Further, as indicated in the answer to Question |
| | | #27, just as with any tools that are to be hosted |
| | | on AHRQ's main site or the third-level domains |
| | | currently managed by OCKT, the tasks described in |
| | | this paragraph do not pertain to the actual |
| | | creation of the tools themselves but rather the |
| | | interfaces.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Sections C.5.6.3.1.1, C.5.6.3.1.2, and |
| | | C.5.6.3.1.2.4 of the PWS have been edited for |
| | | clarity to read:]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | ["**C.5.6.3.1.1** The SP shall provide |
| | | consultation to AHRQ Offices and Centers on the |
| | | development of Web-based projects to determine |
| | | requirements in order to interface the projects |
| | | with the AHRQ Web site. The SP shall submit to |
| | | the PO estimated costs for the resources needed |
| | | to create the appropriate interfaces to the AHRQ |
| | | Web site for these products."]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | #### ["**C.5.6.3.1.2** Within the scope of this |
| | | PWS, the SP shall provide technical assistance, a |
| | | s requested, to AHRQ Offices/Centers on the devel |
| | | opment of Web-based projects and maintain related |
| | | project information. The SP shall:"]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [**C.5.6.3.1.2.4** Meet monthly with Office and |
| | | Center representatives on the I-NET Work Group. |
| | | Develop a proposed agenda for the PO's review and |
| | | approval and relevant handout materials to |
| | | discuss content issues; HHS requirements; and |
| | | support for Internet, Extranet, and Intranet |
| | | information needs and offerings and other |
| | | electronic resource services.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.1.1/2 | The requirement for technical assistance is broad |
| 4 | | and potentially a very resource intensive |
| . | | requirement without boundaries. The SP would |
| | | benefit from understanding the boundaries of this |
| | | requirement. Proposed staffing may be impacted. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Sections C.5.6.3.1.2.1 and C.5.6.3.1.2.2 |
| | | of the PWS have been edited for clarity to |
| | | read:]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | ["**C.5.6.3.1.2.1** Consult with program staff in |
| | | AHRQ's Offices and Centers on key product |
| | | concepts and HHS Web requirements for the Web |
| | | development process, such as information |
| | | architecture and site structure, interface |
| | | design, beta testing, requirements management, |
| | | domain names, and launch. (See attached new |
| | | Technical Exhibit 5-066A for detailed information |
| | | on Web Development Phases and the Web Development |
| | | Brief that together outline the possible areas to |
| | | be addressed by the SP)"]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | ["**C.5.6.3.1.2.2** Provide expertise to system |
| | | administrators and information resources staff on |
| | | technical support required for Web development |
| | | process."]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.2.2 | Develop and Manage Web Projects is dependent on |
| 5 | | the breadth and dept of project, the timeline, |
| . | | the specific web project, etc. Determining |
| | | resources will be very speculative without more |
| | | details, including the specific projects to |
| | | manage. The workload indicators provide a partial |
| | | picture of effort. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Overall, the need for the development |
| | | and management of Web projects is driven by the |
| | | dissemination and implementation goals of the |
| | | Agency. The SP should plan on providing a project |
| | | task leader for each project who is familiar with |
| | | the process and requirements assessment provided |
| | | in the Web development phases and tasks in the |
| | | Web Development Brief. (See attached Technical |
| | | Exhibit 5-066A). The work load indicators shown |
| | | on page TE 5-001-10 (the development of 30 public |
| | | Web resources, 15 extranet resources, and 20 |
| | | Web-based tools in year 1; higher totals in years |
| | | 2-5) should be the basis for how potential |
| | | bidders calculate the staffing needed for this |
| | | requirement.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.4.4 | The terms manage and upgrade leave the SP with |
| 6 | | little indication of the level of effort and |
| . | | involvement of the SP with system administration. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The SP is responsible for "system |
| | | administration" defined as ensuring the |
| | | day-to-day operations and functioning of the |
| | | production and development environments for the |
| | | AHRQ main Web site, third-level AHRQ domains and |
| | | Extranet and Intranet resources for which OCKT is |
| | | currently responsible. The tasks listed in the |
| | | sub-paragraphs in that paragraph (especially |
| | | sub-paragraphs 1, 2, and 3) are intended to |
| | | provide details on what is included in the |
| | | activities for which the SP shall be responsible. |
| | | In addition, attached new]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [Technical Exhibit 3-004A contains a list of the |
| | | specific government-furnished systems not |
| | | maintained by ITSC that are |
| | | involved.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.4.4 | The term \"manage\" is used. What does manage |
| 7 | | really mean in regard to upgrading the Google |
| . | | Search Appliance? The role of the SP needs to be |
| | | clarified. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The SP shall be responsible for |
| | | monitoring the ongoing functionality of the |
| | | Google Search Engine, communicating with ITSC |
| | | about hosting, network connectivity and |
| | | integration, hardware and other needs, as |
| | | appropriate, so that the search capability across |
| | | all AHRQ Web sites is continuously maintained. |
| | | This includes building and updating the index and |
| | | taxonomy.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.4.5 | Establish and administer extranet resources |
| 8 | | implies system development and daily |
| . | | administration? Is it the intent of the PWS for |
| | | the SP to provide significant resources to |
| | | administer the extranet? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: See Question 39.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 5.6.3.4.5 | What does \"administer\" mean within \"Establish |
| 9 | | and administer Extranet resources in a variety of |
| . | | environments\"? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: (Questions 38 & 39): The SP shall be |
| | | responsible for monitoring the functionality of |
| | | the 17 existing AHRQ extranet sites and |
| | | communicating with ITSC about hardware and other |
| | | needs, as appropriate, whenever the functionality |
| | | of those extranet sites has been compromised or |
| | | fails. In addition, the SP shall be responsible |
| | | for working with AHRQ Office and Center program |
| | | staff to provide advice and input on the creation |
| | | of any new extranet sites to ensure that those |
| | | sites adhere to pertinent OMB and HHS Web |
| | | policies and directives for these sites. See |
| | | Section C.6 and Technical Exhibit |
| | | 5-012.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.3.6 | The task appears to make web management |
| 0 | | responsibilities part of the SPs |
| . | | responsibilities. Is this correct? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The administrative support activities |
| | | described in this paragraph pertain solely to the |
| | | OCKT Web team activities covered in the PWS, |
| | | including Web communications oversight. The |
| | | paragraph does not refer to any direct |
| | | administrative support for Web projects carried |
| | | out through separate contracts with other AHRQ |
| | | offices and centers.]{.underline} |
| | | |
| | | [The heading of this paragraph is changed to |
| | | read, "Administrative Support for Service |
| | | Provider Web Development Projects and Electronic |
| | | Dissemination Activities]{.underline}." |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.7.1.1 | In the PWS, C.5.6.7.1.1 says the SP will provide |
| 1 | | \"general support\" to the Intranet and section |
| . | | C.5.6.7.1.2 says the SP will provide \"assistance |
| | | to the AHRQ Intranet Coordinator.\" Please |
| | | clarify these 2 inconsistent statements. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The heading of paragraph C.5.6.7.1.1 is |
| | | changed to read, "The SP shall provide support to |
| | | the Government Intranet Coordinator. The SP |
| | | shall:..."]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.7.1.1.2 | Is it the intent of the PWS for the SP to |
| 2 | | maintain software along with traditional |
| . | | communications activities? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Yes.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.7.1.2.3 | Administer "communities of practice" for |
| 3 | | collaboration, including establishment of |
| . | | Intranet work space, roles, and authorities for |
| | | members. What does administer mean in this |
| | | context? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Administer in this context means to |
| | | assist in the establishment of communities of the |
| | | practice by providing expert advice and input, |
| | | especially regarding any HHS Web policies and |
| | | directives that may apply, and monitoring the |
| | | on-going system performance that the communities |
| | | use.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.7.1.2.4 | Provide technical assistance on operation and |
| 4 | | features to users as needed. What kind of |
| . | | workload could help us understand the true |
| | | magnitude of the task? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Bidders should calculate the staffing |
| | | needed for this requirement by planning on 250 |
| | | instances of assistance per year, with a 2.5% |
| | | increase per year in years 2-5.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.8.2.16 | \"Provide Web support in accordance with |
| 5 | | procedures and standards approved by AHRQ\" does |
| . | | not provide the SP with any boundaries in regards |
| | | to the level of effort needed to accomplish the |
| | | task. What are these procedures? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Section C.5.6.8 and the sub-paragraphs |
| | | that follow are all intended to describe the SP's |
| | | role in the development of the next iteration of |
| | | AHRQ's main Web site. As such, the SP shall be |
| | | required to follow the Web development procedures |
| | | that pertain to all HHS Web development |
| | | activities, including upgrades to existing sites, |
| | | as outlined in the Web development phases and |
| | | tasks in the Web Development Brief. (See attached |
| | | Technical Exhibit 5-066A)]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.6.8.2.2 | Develop, implement, and enhance leading edge |
| 6 | | capabilities to make the Web site content easier |
| . | | to mine and recombine, provide for multi-channel |
| | | delivery, and apply best practices for an |
| | | intuitive, transactional site. This is |
| | | problematic because the language is open ended. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The SP shall be required to provide |
| | | expertise on the use of the latest Web |
| | | technologies in facilitating the upgrade of |
| | | AHRQ's main Web site. The SP shall be expected to |
| | | produce a project plan for the PO's approval that |
| | | will detail the steps involved in the upgrade and |
| | | how to incorporate those technologies. Bidders |
| | | should demonstrate in their proposals the |
| | | capacity to draw upon those technologies in |
| | | achieving this task.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.7.2.3.2 | Please define what is meant by \"maintain the |
| 7 | | computer system\". This would be useful in |
| . | | estimating proper resources to ensure IRC |
| | | operations. |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Details on what is meant by "maintain |
| | | the computer system" can be found in the attached |
| | | new Technical Exhibit 3-003A.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.8.3.2.1 | Is \"Beginning 3 months after contract award\" |
| 8 | | referring to the phase-in period or the start of |
| . | | the first performance period? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The start of the first performance |
| | | period.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | 5.8.4.1.6 | C.5.8.4.1.6 through C.5.8.4.1.6.1.2. These |
| 9 | | sections indicate that the SP should collect fees |
| . | | from program participants to pay for hotel |
| | | facilities and meals, and to defray costs for |
| | | printing notebooks and other materials. It is my |
| | | understanding that this would be in violation of |
| | | DHHS and OMB regulations. Can AHRQ clarify this? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: This section and its sub paragraphs are |
| | | deleted.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | 5.8.4.1.6.1 | Is this a legal activity for a non-governmental |
| 0 | | entity SP to perform? |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: This section and its sub paragraphs are |
| | | deleted.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | L.2 | DATA UNIVERSAL NUMBERING (DUNS) (OCT 2003) (FAR |
| 1 | | 52.204-6)\ |
| . | | Does the MEO need a DUNS number? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: For the purpose of proposal submission, |
| | | the MEO is not required to indicate a DUNS |
| | | number.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | L.9 | \"The technical proposal shall not contain |
| 2 | | reference to cost; however resources information, |
| . | | such as data concerning labor hours and |
| | | categories, labor mix, materials, subcontracts, |
| | | etc.\" How should the description of the costs |
| | | associated with the Case Studies be presented to |
| | | meet this requirement? Should any costs be |
| | | included in the Case Study descriptions? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Costs should not be included in the Case |
| | | Study descriptions. The description of costs was |
| | | included to provide potential offerors a |
| | | framework in which to develop their Case Study |
| | | descriptions.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | L.9 | There appears to be conflicting language on |
| 3 | | whether single space is acceptable for the entire |
| . | | proposal? Is single space acceptable for the |
| | | entire proposal? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: Single spacing is acceptable for the |
| | | entire proposal.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Cover Letter | In paragraph three it states "For this |
| 4 | | acquisition, the AHRQ recommended goal (as a |
| . | | percentage of subcontracting dollars for the base |
| | | period) is 30% for Small Businesses". Does this |
| | | mean that the other 70% can go to organizations |
| | | other than small businesses? If so, are there |
| | | limitations on what organizations? |
| | | |
| | | [Answer: The other 70% may go to organizations |
| | | other than small businesses. There are no |
| | | limitation on type of organizations.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | General | Is the letter of intent required or optional? |
| 5 | | |
| . | | [Answer: The letter of intent is |
| | | optional.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | General | Has the Agency appointed an Agency Tender Lead |
| 6 | | who may be contacted? |
| . | | |
| | | [Answer: The Agency Tender Official is Kathleen |
| | | Kendrick, Deputy Director of AHRQ.]{.underline} |
+---+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
In addition to the answers provided above, the PWS is further amended.
The following sentence is added to the end of the paragraph under C.5.7
INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER "IRC library services are governed by the
policies, guidelines and regulations listed in Technical Exhibit 5-076A:
AHRQ-IRC Policies, Guidelines, Regulations"
New Technical Exhibit 5-076A: AHRQ-IRC Policies, Guidelines, Regulations
is attached.
The following organization has submitted a Proposal Intent Response and
Approval to Release Name for Subcontracting Opportunities Form:
PARIO, Inc.
2451 Cumberland Parkway
Atlanta, GA 30339
Section B. Estimated Cost -- is hereby amended to add the Phase-In
Period, which will be for the period 09/30/06-03/31/07. Year 1 is
changed to read 04/01/07-03/31/08; Year 2 is changed to read
04/01/08-03/31/09; Year 3 is changed to read 04/01/09-03/31/10; Year 4
is changed to read 04/01/10-03/31/11; and Year 5 is changed to read
04/01/11-03/31/12.
As a result of this amendment, the due date for receipt of proposals has
been extended to **August 21, 2006, 12:00 Noon EDT.**
| en |
log-files | 846059 | # Date 2008-01-16 Time 00:33:36 PST -0800 (1200472416.39 s)
#phil __OFF__
Command line arguments: "../73.param" "adp.set_b_iso=10" "sites.shake=0.5" "main.number_of_macro_cycles=5" "--overwrite"
HOST = sunbird.lbl.gov
HOSTTYPE = x86_64-linux
USER = phzwart
PID = 28792
JOB_ID = 5158
SGE_ARCH = lx24-amd64
SGE_TASK_FIRST = 1
SGE_TASK_LAST = 1330
SGE_TASK_ID = 73
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHENIX: Python-based Hierarchical ENvironment for Integrated Xtallography
User: phzwart
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
phenix.refine: Macromolecular Structure Refinement
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phenix developers include:
Paul Adams, Pavel Afonine, Vicent Chen, Ian Davis, Kreshna Gopal,
Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve, Li-Wei Hung, Robert Immormino, Tom Ioerger,
Airlie McCoy, Erik McKee, Nigel Moriarty, Reetal Pai, Randy Read,
Jane Richardson, David Richardson, Tod Romo, Jim Sacchettini,
Nicholas Sauter, Jacob Smith, Laurent Storoni, Tom Terwilliger,
Peter Zwart
Phenix home page:
http://www.phenix-online.org/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phenix components are copyrighted by:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Duke University
- Texas Agricultural Experiment Station &
Texas Engineering Experiment Station
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major third-party components of Phenix include:
Python, wxwidgets, wxPython, Boost, SCons, Clipper,
CCP4 Monomer Library, CCP4 I/O libraries, PyCifRW, FFTPACK, L-BFGS
Enter phenix.acknowledgments for details.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Processing inputs. This may take a minute or two.
Command line parameter definitions:
refinement.modify_start_model.adp.set_b_iso = 10
refinement.modify_start_model.sites.shake = 0.5
refinement.main.number_of_macro_cycles = 5
Working crystal symmetry after inspecting all inputs:
Unit cell: (68.4938, 47.1647, 87.2539, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/model.pdb
Monomer Library directory:
"/net/rosie/scratch3/phzwart/CCTBX/Sources/mon_lib"
Total number of atoms: 2823
Number of models: 1
Model: 0
Number of conformers: 2
Conformer: "A"
Number of atoms: 2769
Number of chains: 2
Number of residues, atoms: 302, 2333
Classifications: {'peptide': 302}
Modifications used: {'COO': 1}
Link IDs: {'PTRANS': 7, 'CIS': 1, 'TRANS': 293}
Number of residues, atoms: 436, 436
Classifications: {'water': 436}
Link IDs: {None: 435}
Conformer: "B"
Number of atoms: 2771
Common with "A": 2717
Number of chains: 2
Number of residues, atoms: 302, 2333
Classifications: {'peptide': 302}
Modifications used: {'COO': 1}
Link IDs: {'PTRANS': 7, 'CIS': 1, 'TRANS': 293}
bond proxies already assigned to first conformer: 2332
Number of residues, atoms: 438, 438
Classifications: {'water': 438}
Link IDs: {None: 437}
Time building chain proxies: 3.29, per 1000 atoms: 1.17
================================== X-ray data =================================
F-obs:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:FOBS,SIGMA
R-free flags:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:TEST
Miller array info: /net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:FOBS,SIGMA
Observation type: xray.amplitude
Type of data: double, size=19589
Type of sigmas: double, size=19589
Number of Miller indices: 19589
Anomalous flag: False
Unit cell: (68.4938, 47.1647, 87.2539, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
Systematic absences: 0
Centric reflections: 2427
Resolution range: 14.7905 1.95088
Completeness in resolution range: 0.925625
Completeness with d_max=infinity: 0.922834
Number of F-obs in resolution range: 19589
Number of F-obs <= 0: 0
Refinement resolution range: d_max = 14.7905
d_min = 1.9509
Miller array info: /net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:TEST
Observation type: None
Type of data: int, size=19589
Type of sigmas: None
Number of Miller indices: 19589
Anomalous flag: False
Unit cell: (68.4938, 47.1647, 87.2539, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
Systematic absences: 0
Centric reflections: 2427
Resolution range: 14.7905 1.95088
Completeness in resolution range: 0.925625
Completeness with d_max=infinity: 0.922834
Test (R-free flags) flag value: 1
Number of work/free reflections by resolution:
work free %free
bin 1: 14.7909 - 4.1745 [2220/2248] 1997 223 10.0%
bin 2: 4.1745 - 3.3258 [2131/2154] 1914 217 10.2%
bin 3: 3.3258 - 2.9090 [2106/2131] 1902 204 9.7%
bin 4: 2.9090 - 2.6447 [2088/2104] 1876 212 10.2%
bin 5: 2.6447 - 2.4561 [2066/2105] 1854 212 10.3%
bin 6: 2.4561 - 2.3118 [2057/2089] 1853 204 9.9%
bin 7: 2.3118 - 2.1965 [2056/2093] 1859 197 9.6%
bin 8: 2.1965 - 2.1011 [2053/2095] 1843 210 10.2%
bin 9: 2.1011 - 2.0204 [2028/2067] 1832 196 9.7%
bin 10: 2.0204 - 1.9509 [ 784/2077] 700 84 10.7%
overall 17630 1959 10.0%
Writing MTZ file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_data.mtz
========================== Anomalous scatterer groups =========================
All atoms refined with f_prime=0 and f_double_prime=0.
========================== Set up restraints manager ==========================
Number of disulfides: simple=3, symmetry=0
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 168 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " distance=2.08
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 168 " - " SG BCYS A 201 " distance=1.98
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 254 " - " SG CYS A 260 " distance=2.05
Time building geometry restraints manager: 0.14 seconds
Histogram of bond lengths:
1.21 - 1.38: 943
1.38 - 1.56: 1465
1.56 - 1.73: 7
1.73 - 1.90: 21
1.90 - 2.08: 3
Bond restraints sorted by residual:
atom i - atom j ideal model delta weight residual
" SG CYS A 168 " - " SG BCYS A 201 " 2.031 1.983 0.048 2.50e+03 5.87e+00
" C GLN A 88 " - " N GLN A 89 " 1.329 1.360 -0.031 5.10e+03 4.97e+00
" SG CYS A 168 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " 2.031 2.075 -0.044 2.50e+03 4.89e+00
" CB CYS A 201 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " 1.808 1.738 0.070 9.18e+02 4.46e+00
" C PRO A 198 " - " N ILE A 199 " 1.329 1.301 0.028 5.10e+03 4.10e+00
... (remaining 2434 not shown)
Histogram of nonbonded interaction distances:
1.20 - 1.94: 15
1.94 - 2.68: 132
2.68 - 3.42: 4490
3.42 - 4.16: 9449
4.16 - 4.90: 14469
Nonbonded interactions sorted by model distance:
atom i - atom j model vdw sym.op. j
" O HOH Z 109 " - " O HOH Z 417 " 1.201 3.040 -x+1,y-1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 18 " - " O HOH Z 102 " 1.341 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 42 " - " O HOH Z 176 " 1.403 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 43 " - " O HOH Z 169 " 1.419 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 81 " - " O HOH Z 186 " 1.492 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
... (remaining 28550 not shown)
Histogram of dihedral angle deviations from ideal:
0.01 - 17.19: 754
17.19 - 34.36: 62
34.36 - 51.54: 27
51.54 - 68.71: 23
68.71 - 85.89: 4
Dihedral angle restraints sorted by residual:
" CA PHE A 192 "
" CB PHE A 192 "
" CG PHE A 192 "
" CD1 PHE A 192 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
90.00 7.91 82.09 2 2.50e-03 1.68e+01
" N PRO A 54 "
" CG PRO A 54 "
" CD PRO A 54 "
" CB PRO A 54 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
30.00 -27.17 57.17 3 4.44e-03 1.45e+01
" N PRO A 280 "
" CA PRO A 280 "
" CB PRO A 280 "
" CG PRO A 280 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
-25.00 38.44 56.56 3 4.44e-03 1.42e+01
... (remaining 867 not shown)
==================== Fixing bad ADP in input model (if any) ===================
============================== Scattering factors =============================
----------X-ray scattering dictionary----------
Number of scattering types: 4
Type Number sf(0) Gaussians
S 13 15.96 2
O 902 7.97 2
N 437 6.97 2
C 1471 5.97 2
sf(0) = scattering factor at diffraction angle 0.
====================== Modifying start model if requested =====================
Setting all isotropic ADP = 10.000: selected atoms: all (2823)
Shaking sites (RMS = 0.500): selected atoms: all (2823)
==================== Fixing bad ADP in input model (if any) ===================
================== Extract refinement strategy and selections =================
individual_sites = True
rigid_body = False
individual_adp = True
group_adp = False
tls = False
individual_occupancies = True
group_occupancies = False
group_anomalous = False
size = 2823
n_use = 2823
n_use_u_iso = 2823
n_use_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_site = 0
n_grad_u_iso = 0
n_grad_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_occupancy = 0
n_grad_fp = 0
n_grad_fdp = 0
n_anisotropic_flag = 0
total number of scatterers = 2823
==================== Process input NCS or/and find new NCS ====================
Using existing and finding new NCS is disabled.
Use refinement.main.ncs=true to activate it.
Look at refinement.ncs for more NCS related parameters.
=================== Write initial parameters into .eff file ===================
Writing effective parameters to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001.eff
Writing geometry restraints to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001.geo
CPU time processing inputs: 9.36
============================ Non-default parameters ===========================
A complete record of all parameters was written to the .eff file above.
Below are only the non-defaults.
#phil __ON__
refinement {
crystal_symmetry {
unit_cell = 68.49375 47.16465 87.2539 90 90 90
space_group = "P 21 21 21"
}
input {
pdb {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/model.pdb"
}
xray_data {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns"
labels = "FOBS,SIGMA"
r_free_flags {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns"
label = "TEST"
test_flag_value = 1
}
}
}
output {
prefix = "model_refine"
serial = 1
}
main {
number_of_macro_cycles = 5
}
modify_start_model {
adp {
set_b_iso = 10
}
sites {
shake = 0.5
}
}
}
#phil __OFF__
============================= ml refinement start =============================
----------structure factors based statistics (before refinement)----------
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.4717 r_free= 0.4629 ksol= 0.00 Bsol= 0.00 scale= 0.801 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.71 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.274541 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 0.99 1443 160 0.3822 0.3775 6.5782 6.6161|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 0.99 1394 154 0.3715 0.4049 6.7263 6.7964|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 0.99 1361 153 0.4394 0.4020 6.6491 6.6466|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 0.99 1350 143 0.4643 0.4547 6.4906 6.484|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 0.98 1337 154 0.4945 0.4768 6.349 6.3808|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 0.99 1342 148 0.5024 0.5468 6.2771 6.2178|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 0.99 1316 156 0.5012 0.4785 6.2242 6.152|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 0.99 1342 137 0.5206 0.4718 6.1693 6.1372|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 0.99 1325 147 0.5270 0.4905 6.1213 6.1716|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 0.98 1320 147 0.5291 0.5035 6.097 6.0829|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 0.98 1287 155 0.5280 0.5390 6.0281 6.0126|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1.00 1339 143 0.5315 0.4923 5.9438 5.9301|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 0.87 1184 125 0.5344 0.5254 5.8744 5.8493|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 0.22 290 37 0.5449 0.5110 5.9522 5.717|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 1443 160 0.69 35.40 0.81 0.70 73069.14|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 1394 154 0.70 35.15 0.90 0.75 103475.04|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 1361 153 0.61 42.83 0.84 0.72 107540.41|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 1350 143 0.53 49.82 0.79 0.63 93281.48|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 1337 154 0.43 57.20 0.74 0.53 79330.03|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 1342 148 0.40 60.11 0.72 0.47 71463.98|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 1316 156 0.37 61.90 0.76 0.44 65757.86|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 1342 137 0.39 60.42 0.73 0.47 55418.67|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 1325 147 0.42 58.67 0.72 0.51 50155.71|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 1320 147 0.42 58.10 0.75 0.50 42857.85|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 1287 155 0.38 61.76 0.74 0.48 44674.75|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1339 143 0.33 65.12 0.76 0.44 42133.33|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 1184 125 0.32 66.11 0.72 0.43 37722.73|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 290 37 0.39 60.49 0.77 0.41 27335.36|
|alpha: min = 0.41 max = 0.75 mean = 0.55|
|beta: min = 27335.36 max = 107540.41 mean = 66612.94|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.46|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.97 mean = 54.58|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 89.96 mean = 54.72|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
============================== Outliers rejection =============================
basic_wilson_outliers = 0
extreme_wilson_outliers = 0
beamstop_shadow_outliers = 0
total = 0
====================== Target weights (before refinement) =====================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 9.507176 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 79.136 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 1.013607 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 76.589 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------Initial model statistics (before refinement)----------
|-Geometry statistics: start--------------------------------------------------|
| Histogram of deviations from ideal values for |
| Bonds | Angles | Nonbonded contacts |
| 0.000 - 0.140: 597 | 0.009 - 7.457: 713 | 0.961 - 1.355: 5 |
| 0.140 - 0.280: 585 | 7.457 - 14.906: 711 | 1.355 - 1.749: 17 |
| 0.280 - 0.420: 441 | 14.906 - 22.354: 630 | 1.749 - 2.143: 84 |
| 0.420 - 0.560: 366 | 22.354 - 29.802: 474 | 2.143 - 2.537: 475 |
| 0.560 - 0.700: 237 | 29.802 - 37.251: 338 | 2.537 - 2.931: 1263 |
| 0.700 - 0.840: 127 | 37.251 - 44.699: 241 | 2.931 - 3.324: 2452 |
| 0.840 - 0.980: 59 | 44.699 - 52.147: 125 | 3.324 - 3.718: 3937 |
| 0.980 - 1.120: 17 | 52.147 - 59.595: 51 | 3.718 - 4.112: 5248 |
| 1.120 - 1.260: 9 | 59.595 - 67.044: 13 | 4.112 - 4.506: 6919 |
| 1.260 - 1.400: 1 | 67.044 - 74.492: 3 | 4.506 - 4.900: 8191 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-Geometry statistics: start--------------------------------------------------|
| Type | Count | Deviation from ideal | Targets | Target (sum) |
| | | rmsd max min | | |
| bond | 2439 | 0.414 1.400 0.000 | 454.651 | |
| angle | 3299 | 24.226 74.492 0.009 | 193.752 | |
| chirality | 348 | 2.119 6.404 0.009 | 112.240 | 53.414 |
| planarity | 436 | 0.145 0.405 0.000 | 250.485 | |
| dihedral | 870 | 33.790 144.062 0.019 | 20.704 | |
| nonbonded | 2439 | 4.088 4.900 0.961 | 3.131 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 10.00 10.00 10.00 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 10.00 10.00 10.00 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 10.00 10.00 10.00 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 10.00 10.00 10.00 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 10.000 - 10.000: 2823 | 5: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 |
| 1: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 | 6: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 |
| 2: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 | 7: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 |
| 3: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 | 8: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 |
| 4: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 | 9: 10.000 - 10.000: 0 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-Occupancies statistics------------------------------------------------------|
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.30 number of occupancies < 0.1 = 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------Modify initial isotropic ADP----------
Randomizing
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.01 19.99 9.86 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.01 19.99 9.86 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 0.06 19.99 10.10 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.01 19.98 9.82 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.008 - 2.007: 301 | 5: 10.002 - 12.000: 285 |
| 1: 2.007 - 4.006: 276 | 6: 12.000 - 13.999: 292 |
| 2: 4.006 - 6.004: 309 | 7: 13.999 - 15.998: 289 |
| 3: 6.004 - 8.003: 285 | 8: 15.998 - 17.996: 266 |
| 4: 8.003 - 10.002: 251 | 9: 17.996 - 19.995: 269 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 1 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.4783 r_free= 0.4652 ksol= 0.00 Bsol= 0.00 scale= 0.771 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.71 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.276181 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.4634 r_free= 0.4543 ksol= 0.35 Bsol= 20.00 scale= 1.005 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (8.48,8.05,9.01,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 8.52 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.70 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.265811 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 9.171250 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 80.572 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 1.057214 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 75.226 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.4634 final r-factor (work) = 0.3836 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.4543 final r-factor (free) = 0.3982 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 82.1899 = 9.17 * 0.50 * 6.2752 + 1.00 * 53.4141 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 28.4820 = 9.17 * 0.50 * 6.1833 + 1.00 * 0.1278 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 26 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.3836 final r-factor (work) = 0.3342 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.3982 final r-factor (free) = 0.3795 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 6.5515 = 1.06 * 1.00 * 6.1833 + 1.00 * 0.0144 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 6.4491 = 1.06 * 1.00 * 6.0840 + 1.00 * 0.0170 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 75.68 13.41 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 75.68 13.41 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 0.00 75.38 27.98 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 75.68 10.73 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 7.568: 1146 | 5: 37.839 - 45.407: 70 |
| 1: 7.568 - 15.136: 746 | 6: 45.407 - 52.974: 39 |
| 2: 15.136 - 22.703: 407 | 7: 52.974 - 60.542: 26 |
| 3: 22.703 - 30.271: 249 | 8: 60.542 - 68.110: 12 |
| 4: 30.271 - 37.839: 120 | 9: 68.110 - 75.678: 8 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.3342 r_free = 0.3795 target_work(ml) = 6.060 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.30 number of occupancies < 0.1: 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.3339 r_free = 0.3803 target_work(ml) = 6.059 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 13 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 2 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.3339 r_free= 0.3803 ksol= 0.35 Bsol= 20.00 scale= 1.113 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (8.48,8.05,9.01,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 8.52 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.47 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.058935 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.3300 r_free= 0.3760 ksol= 0.33 Bsol= 32.52 scale= 1.007 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (4.39,3.78,5.14,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 4.44 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.48 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.059823 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 7.923159 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 98.243 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.431590 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 114.042 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.3300 final r-factor (work) = 0.2316 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.3760 final r-factor (free) = 0.2760 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 24.2242 = 7.92 * 0.50 * 6.0825 + 1.00 * 0.1278 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 23.5341 = 7.92 * 0.50 * 5.9186 + 1.00 * 0.0872 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 28 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.2316 final r-factor (work) = 0.2060 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.2760 final r-factor (free) = 0.2524 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 2.5725 = 0.43 * 1.00 * 5.9186 + 1.00 * 0.0181 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 2.4834 = 0.43 * 1.00 * 5.7012 + 1.00 * 0.0228 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 136.12 13.34 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 136.12 13.34 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 1.31 70.97 33.32 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 136.12 9.67 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 13.612: 1946 | 5: 68.062 - 81.674: 8 |
| 1: 13.612 - 27.225: 469 | 6: 81.674 - 95.287: 0 |
| 2: 27.225 - 40.837: 241 | 7: 95.287 - 108.899: 0 |
| 3: 40.837 - 54.450: 126 | 8: 108.899 - 122.512: 0 |
| 4: 54.450 - 68.062: 32 | 9: 122.512 - 136.124: 1 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.2060 r_free = 0.2524 target_work(ml) = 5.657 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 13 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.2058 r_free = 0.2527 target_work(ml) = 5.657 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 9 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 3 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.2058 r_free= 0.2527 ksol= 0.33 Bsol= 32.52 scale= 1.055 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (4.39,3.78,5.14,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 4.44 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.24 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.656886 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.2035 r_free= 0.2502 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.007 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (1.82,2.52,3.61,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 2.65 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.26 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.653502 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 2.833643 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 101.883 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.225351 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 98.571 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.2035 final r-factor (work) = 0.1547 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.2502 final r-factor (free) = 0.1954 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 8.1739 = 2.83 * 0.50 * 5.7077 + 1.00 * 0.0871 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 7.9093 = 2.83 * 0.50 * 5.5393 + 1.00 * 0.0612 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1547 final r-factor (work) = 0.1457 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1954 final r-factor (free) = 0.1862 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.2717 = 0.23 * 1.00 * 5.5393 + 1.00 * 0.0234 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.2223 = 0.23 * 1.00 * 5.3795 + 1.00 * 0.0100 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 24 | number of function evaluations = 25 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 74.55 13.27 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 74.55 13.27 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 1.74 70.09 34.97 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 74.55 9.29 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 7.455: 1280 | 5: 37.276 - 44.731: 103 |
| 1: 7.455 - 14.910: 841 | 6: 44.731 - 52.186: 79 |
| 2: 14.910 - 22.366: 219 | 7: 52.186 - 59.641: 39 |
| 3: 22.366 - 29.821: 111 | 8: 59.641 - 67.096: 20 |
| 4: 29.821 - 37.276: 124 | 9: 67.096 - 74.552: 7 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1457 r_free = 0.1862 target_work(ml) = 5.354 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 9 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1456 r_free = 0.1862 target_work(ml) = 5.354 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 13 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 4 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1456 r_free= 0.1862 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.024 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (1.82,2.52,3.61,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 2.65 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.353582 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1450 r_free= 0.1859 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.000 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.68,1.77,2.90,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 1.78 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.17 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.351914 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 1.773456 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 117.285 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.441768 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 95.873 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1450 final r-factor (work) = 0.1275 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1859 final r-factor (free) = 0.1665 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 4.8362 = 1.77 * 0.50 * 5.3850 + 1.00 * 0.0612 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 4.7509 = 1.77 * 0.50 * 5.2936 + 1.00 * 0.0569 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 28 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1275 final r-factor (work) = 0.1231 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1665 final r-factor (free) = 0.1650 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 2.3482 = 0.44 * 1.00 * 5.2936 + 1.00 * 0.0097 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 2.3230 = 0.44 * 1.00 * 5.2250 + 1.00 * 0.0148 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 84.31 13.62 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 84.31 13.62 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 2.52 74.82 37.17 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 84.31 9.29 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 8.431: 1484 | 5: 42.157 - 50.588: 106 |
| 1: 8.431 - 16.863: 728 | 6: 50.588 - 59.019: 65 |
| 2: 16.863 - 25.294: 172 | 7: 59.019 - 67.451: 26 |
| 3: 25.294 - 33.725: 116 | 8: 67.451 - 75.882: 20 |
| 4: 33.725 - 42.157: 103 | 9: 75.882 - 84.314: 3 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1231 r_free = 0.1650 target_work(ml) = 5.221 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 13 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1229 r_free = 0.1651 target_work(ml) = 5.220 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 12 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 5 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1229 r_free= 0.1651 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.004 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.68,1.77,2.90,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 1.78 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.219748 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1229 r_free= 0.1651 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.004 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.68,1.77,2.90,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 1.78 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.219654 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 1.485145 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 116.481 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.284407 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 99.874 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1229 final r-factor (work) = 0.1188 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1651 final r-factor (free) = 0.1610 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 3.9362 = 1.49 * 0.50 * 5.2241 + 1.00 * 0.0569 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 3.9202 = 1.49 * 0.50 * 5.2054 + 1.00 * 0.0548 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 28 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1188 final r-factor (work) = 0.1186 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1610 final r-factor (free) = 0.1602 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.5043 = 0.28 * 1.00 * 5.2054 + 1.00 * 0.0238 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.4876 = 0.28 * 1.00 * 5.1950 + 1.00 * 0.0102 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 29 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 86.47 13.29 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 86.47 13.29 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 2.29 74.72 35.94 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 86.47 9.13 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 8.647: 1562 | 5: 43.233 - 51.880: 91 |
| 1: 8.647 - 17.293: 676 | 6: 51.880 - 60.526: 47 |
| 2: 17.293 - 25.940: 161 | 7: 60.526 - 69.173: 23 |
| 3: 25.940 - 34.587: 127 | 8: 69.173 - 77.820: 11 |
| 4: 34.587 - 43.233: 122 | 9: 77.820 - 86.466: 3 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1186 r_free = 0.1602 target_work(ml) = 5.193 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 12 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1185 r_free = 0.1602 target_work(ml) = 5.193 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.00 number of occupancies < 0.1: 11 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1185 r_free= 0.1602 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 42.72 scale= 1.002 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.68,1.77,2.90,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 1.78 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.15 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.192528 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 0.99 1443 160 0.1040 0.1361 5.4313 5.5996|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 0.99 1394 154 0.0885 0.1105 5.4603 5.6469|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 0.99 1361 153 0.1110 0.1494 5.4998 5.808|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 0.99 1350 143 0.1298 0.1617 5.4702 5.6438|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 0.98 1337 154 0.1395 0.1568 5.3598 5.4979|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 0.99 1342 148 0.1302 0.2188 5.2443 5.5428|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 0.99 1316 156 0.1318 0.1591 5.207 5.3524|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 0.99 1342 137 0.1252 0.1745 5.1214 5.3286|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 0.99 1325 147 0.1259 0.1906 5.0605 5.3705|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 0.98 1320 147 0.1225 0.1703 4.9935 5.1969|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 0.98 1287 155 0.1207 0.1909 4.9504 5.2713|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1.00 1339 143 0.1213 0.1625 4.8998 5.1017|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 0.87 1184 125 0.1187 0.1863 4.8041 5.0545|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 0.22 290 37 0.1090 0.1458 4.756 4.8349|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 1443 160 0.94 9.65 0.98 0.96 7953.77|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 1394 154 0.95 8.23 1.02 1.01 9300.04|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 1361 153 0.93 11.56 1.03 1.02 10635.13|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 1350 143 0.92 14.17 1.01 1.00 10417.14|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 1337 154 0.90 16.37 1.00 0.97 8850.63|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 1342 148 0.89 16.89 0.98 0.94 7351.57|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 1316 156 0.90 16.24 0.99 0.94 6490.61|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 1342 137 0.90 16.20 1.01 0.98 5915.34|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 1325 147 0.90 16.61 1.00 0.97 5248.74|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 1320 147 0.89 16.65 1.00 0.97 4719.49|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 1287 155 0.90 16.40 1.00 0.96 4438.43|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1339 143 0.90 16.56 1.01 1.01 4106.51|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 1184 125 0.90 16.82 0.99 0.97 3473.79|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 290 37 0.92 13.92 0.99 0.94 2807.32|
|alpha: min = 0.94 max = 1.02 mean = 0.98|
|beta: min = 2807.32 max = 10635.13 mean = 6833.84|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.91|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.86 mean = 14.70|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 89.83 mean = 14.22|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1184 r_free= 0.1608 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 44.50 scale= 1.002 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-1.10,-0.01,1.12,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.193574 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 1.95 - 14.79 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1184 r_free= 0.1608 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 44.50 scale= 1.002 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-1.10,-0.01,1.12,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.193574 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 0.99 1443 160 0.1028 0.1383 5.4393 5.6146|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 0.99 1394 154 0.0891 0.1117 5.4702 5.6553|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 0.99 1361 153 0.1116 0.1503 5.5045 5.8063|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 0.99 1350 143 0.1299 0.1605 5.4707 5.6407|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 0.98 1337 154 0.1390 0.1565 5.3568 5.4936|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 0.99 1342 148 0.1303 0.2187 5.2434 5.5418|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 0.99 1316 156 0.1315 0.1593 5.2057 5.3537|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 0.99 1342 137 0.1252 0.1740 5.121 5.3262|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 0.99 1325 147 0.1255 0.1907 5.0591 5.3704|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 0.98 1320 147 0.1223 0.1699 4.9924 5.1967|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 0.98 1287 155 0.1207 0.1908 4.95 5.2709|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1.00 1339 143 0.1209 0.1621 4.899 5.1007|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 0.87 1184 125 0.1186 0.1864 4.8032 5.0544|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 0.22 290 37 0.1090 0.1454 4.7549 4.8322|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 14.7909 - 4.6560 1443 160 0.93 9.97 0.98 0.95 8341.84|
| 2: 4.6560 - 3.7149 1394 154 0.95 8.42 1.02 1.00 9562.58|
| 3: 3.7149 - 3.2510 1361 153 0.93 11.67 1.03 1.03 10713.59|
| 4: 3.2510 - 2.9564 1350 143 0.92 14.12 1.01 1.00 10364.52|
| 5: 2.9564 - 2.7459 1337 154 0.90 16.25 1.00 0.97 8761.13|
| 6: 2.7459 - 2.5849 1342 148 0.89 16.86 0.98 0.95 7333.69|
| 7: 2.5849 - 2.4561 1316 156 0.90 16.24 0.99 0.94 6491.96|
| 8: 2.4561 - 2.3496 1342 137 0.90 16.22 1.01 0.98 5914.66|
| 9: 2.3496 - 2.2595 1325 147 0.90 16.60 1.00 0.97 5241.56|
| 10: 2.2595 - 2.1818 1320 147 0.89 16.64 1.00 0.97 4713.72|
| 11: 2.1818 - 2.1137 1287 155 0.90 16.39 1.00 0.96 4430.36|
| 12: 2.1137 - 2.0535 1339 143 0.90 16.55 1.01 1.01 4104.88|
| 13: 2.0535 - 1.9996 1184 125 0.90 16.79 0.99 0.97 3466.49|
| 14: 1.9996 - 1.9509 290 37 0.92 13.90 0.99 0.94 2799.80|
|alpha: min = 0.94 max = 1.03 mean = 0.98|
|beta: min = 2799.80 max = 10713.59 mean = 6877.99|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.91|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.72 mean = 14.73|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 89.84 mean = 14.27|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 11.656)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 1.78 88.25 15.07 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 1.78 88.25 15.07 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 4.07 76.50 37.72 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 1.78 88.25 10.91 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 1.784 - 10.430: 1562 | 5: 45.017 - 53.663: 91 |
| 1: 10.430 - 19.077: 676 | 6: 53.663 - 62.310: 47 |
| 2: 19.077 - 27.723: 161 | 7: 62.310 - 70.957: 23 |
| 3: 27.723 - 36.370: 127 | 8: 70.957 - 79.603: 11 |
| 4: 36.370 - 45.017: 122 | 9: 79.603 - 88.250: 3 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========== residual map mFobs-DFmodel: highest peaks and deepst holes =========
----------peaks----------
Number of peaks found at mFobs-DFmodel map (map cutoff=3.00 sigma)= 312
Filter by distance & map next to the model:
mapped sites are within: 0.439 - 4.689
number of sites selected in [dist_min= 0.70, dist_max= 6.00]: 305 from: 312
mapped sites are within: 0.711 - 4.689
peak= 11.149 closest distance to " CB VAL A 230 " = 1.453
peak= 5.890 closest distance to " CG LEU A 5 " = 1.288
peak= 5.882 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 5 " = 1.210
peak= 5.693 closest distance to " CB VAL A 296 " = 1.121
peak= 5.648 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 296 " = 1.105
peak= 5.500 closest distance to " O HOH Z 248 " = 1.404
peak= 5.455 closest distance to " CB ARG A 275 " = 0.963
peak= 5.447 closest distance to " CG PRO A 54 " = 1.349
peak= 5.262 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 296 " = 1.165
peak= 5.185 closest distance to " O HOH Z 124 " = 1.403
peak= 5.160 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 56 " = 2.159
peak= 5.058 closest distance to " O HOH Z 193 " = 1.830
peak= 5.026 closest distance to " O HOH Z 85 " = 1.736
peak= 4.997 closest distance to " O HOH Z 403 " = 1.770
peak= 4.932 closest distance to " CG LEU A 228 " = 1.207
peak= 4.897 closest distance to " O HOH Z 188 " = 1.449
peak= 4.869 closest distance to " O HOH Z 130 " = 1.195
peak= 4.818 closest distance to " O HOH Z 272 " = 1.929
peak= 4.815 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 11 " = 1.106
peak= 4.800 closest distance to " CB GLN A 223 " = 1.500
peak= 4.793 closest distance to " O HOH Z 402 " = 1.426
peak= 4.771 closest distance to " O HOH Z 209 " = 2.249
peak= 4.770 closest distance to " CB PRO A 54 " = 1.009
peak= 4.769 closest distance to " O HOH Z 126 " = 1.871
peak= 4.714 closest distance to " O HOH Z 346 " = 1.556
peak= 4.694 closest distance to " CD1AILE A 234 " = 0.984
peak= 4.671 closest distance to " O HOH Z 43 " = 1.363
peak= 4.656 closest distance to " CG PRO A 198 " = 1.261
peak= 4.640 closest distance to " O HOH Z 63 " = 2.069
peak= 4.596 closest distance to " CB VAL A 230 " = 1.190
peak= 4.512 closest distance to " O HOH Z 406 " = 1.441
peak= 4.480 closest distance to " CG PRO A 243 " = 1.152
peak= 4.421 closest distance to " O SER A 87 " = 2.207
peak= 4.406 closest distance to " O HOH Z 232 " = 2.351
peak= 4.404 closest distance to " O HOH Z 369 " = 2.299
peak= 4.387 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 228 " = 1.296
peak= 4.369 closest distance to " O HOH Z 142 " = 1.672
peak= 4.366 closest distance to " CG PRO A 213 " = 1.323
peak= 4.343 closest distance to " CB GLN A 183 " = 1.331
peak= 4.342 closest distance to " O HOH Z 238 " = 1.163
peak= 4.306 closest distance to " CA ALA A 51 " = 1.013
peak= 4.304 closest distance to " CB ASN A 148 " = 1.280
peak= 4.301 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 218 " = 1.154
peak= 4.289 closest distance to " CB ARG A 79 " = 1.361
peak= 4.286 closest distance to " CA TYR A 30 " = 0.972
peak= 4.274 closest distance to " CB SER A 63 " = 1.218
peak= 4.273 closest distance to " CD2 TRP A 179 " = 1.360
peak= 4.249 closest distance to " O HOH Z 246 " = 1.307
peak= 4.247 closest distance to " O HOH Z 423 " = 1.850
peak= 4.239 closest distance to " O HOH Z 78 " = 1.744
peak= 4.183 closest distance to " O HOH Z 80 " = 1.838
peak= 4.147 closest distance to " O HOH Z 97 " = 1.646
peak= 4.105 closest distance to " O HOH Z 102 " = 1.304
peak= 4.092 closest distance to " O HOH Z 142 " = 2.132
peak= 4.090 closest distance to " O HOH Z 236 " = 1.546
peak= 4.079 closest distance to " O HOH Z 368 " = 2.209
peak= 4.048 closest distance to " O HOH Z 287 " = 1.817
peak= 4.028 closest distance to " CB SER A 26 " = 1.787
peak= 4.008 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 187 " = 1.592
peak= 4.003 closest distance to " CD ARG A 269 " = 1.039
peak= 4.002 closest distance to " O HOH Z 394 " = 1.479
peak= 3.994 closest distance to " O HOH Z 61 " = 1.689
peak= 3.993 closest distance to " O HOH Z 59 " = 2.025
peak= 3.991 closest distance to " C PRO A 198 " = 1.586
peak= 3.974 closest distance to " O HOH Z 234 " = 3.579
peak= 3.967 closest distance to " CB ASN A 142 " = 1.160
peak= 3.960 closest distance to " O HOH Z 40 " = 1.765
peak= 3.957 closest distance to " O HOH Z 427 " = 2.827
peak= 3.957 closest distance to " CG AARG A 275 " = 1.239
peak= 3.952 closest distance to " O HOH Z 130 " = 2.437
peak= 3.944 closest distance to " O HOH Z 313 " = 1.888
peak= 3.944 closest distance to " O HOH Z 43 " = 2.183
peak= 3.929 closest distance to " CA ARG A 36 " = 1.026
peak= 3.921 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 1.582
peak= 3.920 closest distance to " O HOH Z 126 " = 1.466
peak= 3.915 closest distance to " O HOH Z 188 " = 2.692
peak= 3.900 closest distance to " CD LYS A 166 " = 1.378
peak= 3.898 closest distance to " CB ALA A 9 " = 1.641
peak= 3.857 closest distance to " CB GLU A 152 " = 1.153
peak= 3.857 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 2.463
peak= 3.851 closest distance to " O HOH Z 251 " = 1.550
peak= 3.841 closest distance to " O HOH Z 422 " = 2.496
peak= 3.835 closest distance to " OG SER A 276 " = 1.425
peak= 3.824 closest distance to " CB SER A 3 " = 1.221
peak= 3.824 closest distance to " CG GLN A 58 " = 0.915
peak= 3.818 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 249 " = 0.957
peak= 3.816 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 297 " = 0.960
peak= 3.814 closest distance to " CB VAL A 265 " = 1.276
peak= 3.806 closest distance to " CD LYS A 76 " = 1.851
peak= 3.792 closest distance to " O HOH Z 249 " = 1.045
peak= 3.785 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 257 " = 0.858
peak= 3.782 closest distance to " OG BSER A 212 " = 2.732
peak= 3.780 closest distance to " O HOH Z 411 " = 3.874
peak= 3.776 closest distance to " OE1 GLU A 2 " = 2.150
peak= 3.765 closest distance to " O HOH Z 173 " = 2.257
peak= 3.764 closest distance to " O HOH Z 359 " = 1.511
peak= 3.761 closest distance to " O HOH Z 265 " = 2.108
peak= 3.753 closest distance to " O HOH Z 141 " = 1.603
peak= 3.749 closest distance to " O HOH Z 371 " = 3.046
peak= 3.749 closest distance to " CD ARG A 159 " = 0.733
peak= 3.748 closest distance to " CB ALA A 248 " = 1.267
peak= 3.738 closest distance to " NH2BARG A 145 " = 2.260
peak= 3.730 closest distance to " O HOH Z 301 " = 1.803
peak= 3.729 closest distance to " CB THR A 31 " = 1.466
peak= 3.728 closest distance to " CB GLU A 277 " = 3.592
peak= 3.728 closest distance to " O HOH Z 357 " = 1.980
peak= 3.716 closest distance to " O HOH Z 214 " = 2.295
peak= 3.715 closest distance to " O HOH Z 44 " = 2.074
peak= 3.715 closest distance to " O HOH Z 95 " = 1.167
peak= 3.712 closest distance to " O HOH Z 303 " = 2.136
peak= 3.704 closest distance to " O HOH Z 298 " = 1.737
peak= 3.701 closest distance to " O HOH Z 295 " = 1.304
peak= 3.697 closest distance to " O HOH Z 365 " = 2.671
peak= 3.689 closest distance to " O HOH Z 380 " = 1.909
peak= 3.684 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 120 " = 1.384
peak= 3.671 closest distance to " CB ALA A 114 " = 1.043
peak= 3.661 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 20 " = 1.465
peak= 3.657 closest distance to " CB TRP A 179 " = 1.291
peak= 3.645 closest distance to " N ASN A 39 " = 1.262
peak= 3.644 closest distance to " O HOH Z 250 " = 1.371
peak= 3.642 closest distance to " O HOH Z 421 " = 1.673
peak= 3.634 closest distance to " OG ASER A 258 " = 3.038
peak= 3.613 closest distance to " O HOH Z 414 " = 1.481
peak= 3.612 closest distance to " NZ LYS A 117 " = 2.814
peak= 3.602 closest distance to " CB VAL A 202 " = 1.502
peak= 3.601 closest distance to " O HOH Z 327 " = 1.560
peak= 3.591 closest distance to " O ASP A 124 " = 1.347
peak= 3.588 closest distance to " CB ASN A 110 " = 1.062
peak= 3.586 closest distance to " O HOH Z 68 " = 2.137
peak= 3.584 closest distance to " CB THR A 52 " = 0.970
peak= 3.580 closest distance to " O HOH Z 258 " = 2.222
peak= 3.579 closest distance to " CB GLU A 128 " = 1.019
peak= 3.576 closest distance to " O HOH Z 3 " = 1.744
peak= 3.570 closest distance to " CB ARG A 190 " = 1.781
peak= 3.564 closest distance to " CA VAL A 41 " = 0.828
peak= 3.554 closest distance to " CG2AVAL A 121 " = 2.238
peak= 3.547 closest distance to " N PHE A 130 " = 1.324
peak= 3.529 closest distance to " O HOH Z 345 " = 2.928
peak= 3.529 closest distance to " CB BVAL A 41 " = 1.094
peak= 3.527 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 96 " = 0.711
peak= 3.524 closest distance to " CB PRO A 198 " = 0.944
peak= 3.511 closest distance to " O HOH Z 389 " = 1.664
peak= 3.507 closest distance to " CG LEU A 167 " = 1.274
peak= 3.507 closest distance to " O HOH Z 273 " = 3.069
peak= 3.503 closest distance to " O HOH Z 154 " = 1.645
peak= 3.502 closest distance to " CB TRP A 266 " = 1.111
peak= 3.488 closest distance to " CB ASN A 39 " = 0.879
peak= 3.486 closest distance to " O HOH Z 409 " = 1.395
peak= 3.484 closest distance to " NH1AARG A 275 " = 0.990
peak= 3.483 closest distance to " N ALA A 256 " = 1.016
peak= 3.479 closest distance to " O TRP A 274 " = 1.792
peak= 3.463 closest distance to " O HOH Z 148 " = 3.362
peak= 3.463 closest distance to " O HOH Z 345 " = 1.567
peak= 3.462 closest distance to " CB GLU A 46 " = 1.053
peak= 3.462 closest distance to " O HOH Z 337 " = 1.807
peak= 3.458 closest distance to " O HOH Z 78 " = 2.064
peak= 3.453 closest distance to " CD LYS A 119 " = 1.907
peak= 3.448 closest distance to " OE1 GLN A 73 " = 2.511
peak= 3.445 closest distance to " O GLY A 91 " = 1.452
peak= 3.444 closest distance to " O HOH Z 227 " = 1.583
peak= 3.443 closest distance to " O HOH Z 4 " = 1.476
peak= 3.441 closest distance to " CB ARG A 139 " = 0.979
peak= 3.439 closest distance to " CB HIS A 108 " = 0.866
peak= 3.439 closest distance to " O HOH Z 280 " = 2.998
peak= 3.438 closest distance to " O HOH Z 315 " = 1.875
peak= 3.422 closest distance to " CA ALA A 21 " = 1.046
peak= 3.420 closest distance to " CG1 ILE A 33 " = 1.294
peak= 3.417 closest distance to " O HOH Z 438 " = 2.339
peak= 3.415 closest distance to " CG BARG A 102 " = 1.744
peak= 3.415 closest distance to " O HOH Z 263 " = 1.748
peak= 3.412 closest distance to " OG1 THR A 221 " = 1.287
peak= 3.412 closest distance to " CG LYS A 119 " = 1.180
peak= 3.410 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 77 " = 3.171
peak= 3.409 closest distance to " CE1 TYR A 186 " = 1.280
peak= 3.409 closest distance to " CB GLN A 89 " = 1.210
peak= 3.407 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 234 " = 1.006
peak= 3.404 closest distance to " O HOH Z 344 " = 2.693
peak= 3.404 closest distance to " CA ASP A 162 " = 1.030
peak= 3.397 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 1.807
peak= 3.395 closest distance to " O HOH Z 15 " = 2.112
peak= 3.395 closest distance to " O HOH Z 407 " = 2.643
peak= 3.393 closest distance to " O HOH Z 132 " = 2.532
peak= 3.391 closest distance to " CG GLU A 37 " = 0.964
peak= 3.390 closest distance to " O HOH Z 352 " = 1.282
peak= 3.387 closest distance to " O HOH Z 156 " = 3.160
peak= 3.385 closest distance to " O HOH Z 419 " = 1.719
peak= 3.381 closest distance to " CA ARG A 195 " = 1.150
peak= 3.380 closest distance to " CG1 ILE A 49 " = 1.484
peak= 3.377 closest distance to " O HOH Z 162 " = 1.607
peak= 3.376 closest distance to " O HOH Z 88 " = 3.613
peak= 3.375 closest distance to " OG BSER A 164 " = 2.187
peak= 3.371 closest distance to " CB ALA A 295 " = 1.099
peak= 3.370 closest distance to " CB PHE A 204 " = 0.816
peak= 3.370 closest distance to " NH1 ARG A 138 " = 1.162
peak= 3.367 closest distance to " CG ARG A 66 " = 0.941
peak= 3.361 closest distance to " CB SER A 99 " = 1.482
peak= 3.355 closest distance to " O BHOH Z 338 " = 2.397
peak= 3.352 closest distance to " CB THR A 235 " = 1.295
peak= 3.344 closest distance to " CA ALA A 129 " = 1.461
peak= 3.344 closest distance to " O HOH Z 350 " = 1.870
peak= 3.343 closest distance to " O HOH Z 293 " = 1.920
peak= 3.343 closest distance to " O HOH Z 368 " = 4.689
peak= 3.342 closest distance to " O HOH Z 216 " = 3.044
peak= 3.336 closest distance to " O HOH Z 425 " = 1.373
peak= 3.334 closest distance to " O HOH Z 322 " = 2.035
peak= 3.332 closest distance to " CB SER A 141 " = 1.115
peak= 3.332 closest distance to " O ARG A 56 " = 2.947
peak= 3.328 closest distance to " CB ASN A 45 " = 1.110
peak= 3.325 closest distance to " CA ASN A 215 " = 0.997
peak= 3.325 closest distance to " O HOH Z 142 " = 1.529
peak= 3.319 closest distance to " O HOH Z 435 " = 1.899
peak= 3.316 closest distance to " CA PHE A 283 " = 1.038
peak= 3.307 closest distance to " CB GLN A 88 " = 1.248
peak= 3.304 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 156 " = 1.046
peak= 3.301 closest distance to " CA ASP A 149 " = 1.082
peak= 3.299 closest distance to " O HOH Z 48 " = 1.654
peak= 3.298 closest distance to " CA ILE A 234 " = 0.907
peak= 3.292 closest distance to " O BHOH Z 74 " = 1.225
peak= 3.291 closest distance to " CB SER A 62 " = 1.185
peak= 3.289 closest distance to " O HOH Z 361 " = 3.123
peak= 3.285 closest distance to " OH TYR A 116 " = 1.147
peak= 3.277 closest distance to " CG GLU A 277 " = 2.129
peak= 3.275 closest distance to " CA ASN A 217 " = 1.178
peak= 3.266 closest distance to " O HOH Z 329 " = 3.921
peak= 3.265 closest distance to " CG MET A 185 " = 0.923
peak= 3.265 closest distance to " CA LYS A 117 " = 1.210
peak= 3.264 closest distance to " O HOH Z 54 " = 1.505
peak= 3.263 closest distance to " O HOH Z 410 " = 3.067
peak= 3.262 closest distance to " O HOH Z 49 " = 1.116
peak= 3.260 closest distance to " N SER A 135 " = 1.416
peak= 3.258 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 38 " = 1.144
peak= 3.254 closest distance to " NH1AARG A 145 " = 1.302
peak= 3.253 closest distance to " CB PRO A 90 " = 1.060
peak= 3.251 closest distance to " O HOH Z 337 " = 3.543
peak= 3.250 closest distance to " O HOH Z 109 " = 1.332
peak= 3.249 closest distance to " O HOH Z 254 " = 1.482
peak= 3.245 closest distance to " O HOH Z 183 " = 1.810
peak= 3.245 closest distance to " CZ2 TRP A 274 " = 1.549
peak= 3.245 closest distance to " CG1BVAL A 72 " = 1.706
peak= 3.244 closest distance to " CE1 HIS A 108 " = 1.201
peak= 3.244 closest distance to " NZ LYS A 48 " = 1.178
peak= 3.233 closest distance to " O HOH Z 244 " = 1.631
peak= 3.232 closest distance to " O HOH Z 1 " = 1.833
peak= 3.228 closest distance to " CB ASP A 132 " = 1.040
peak= 3.226 closest distance to " CB ARG A 156 " = 1.121
peak= 3.224 closest distance to " CB ASP A 140 " = 1.153
peak= 3.223 closest distance to " O HOH Z 375 " = 1.078
peak= 3.219 closest distance to " O THR A 182 " = 1.438
peak= 3.212 closest distance to " N ASP A 162 " = 1.212
peak= 3.212 closest distance to " O HOH Z 123 " = 1.196
peak= 3.210 closest distance to " O HOH Z 353 " = 2.610
peak= 3.210 closest distance to " O HOH Z 209 " = 2.500
peak= 3.210 closest distance to " O HOH Z 299 " = 4.243
peak= 3.205 closest distance to " O HOH Z 97 " = 2.041
peak= 3.205 closest distance to " CG PHE A 204 " = 0.918
peak= 3.204 closest distance to " CG1 ILE A 120 " = 1.115
peak= 3.204 closest distance to " CB GLN A 278 " = 0.795
peak= 3.204 closest distance to " O HOH Z 188 " = 2.354
peak= 3.202 closest distance to " O HOH Z 388 " = 2.223
peak= 3.200 closest distance to " O HOH Z 404 " = 2.165
peak= 3.199 closest distance to " CB SER A 62 " = 0.998
peak= 3.199 closest distance to " O SER A 164 " = 1.121
peak= 3.197 closest distance to " O HOH Z 118 " = 1.192
peak= 3.196 closest distance to " O HOH Z 344 " = 1.609
peak= 3.192 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 69 " = 2.437
peak= 3.187 closest distance to " O HOH Z 253 " = 1.396
peak= 3.186 closest distance to " CB SER A 273 " = 0.944
peak= 3.183 closest distance to " O HOH Z 426 " = 1.666
peak= 3.182 closest distance to " CG GLN A 88 " = 1.053
peak= 3.179 closest distance to " CA LEU A 282 " = 1.303
peak= 3.179 closest distance to " CG2 THR A 18 " = 1.535
peak= 3.176 closest distance to " CG MET A 185 " = 1.564
peak= 3.174 closest distance to " O HOH Z 245 " = 1.436
peak= 3.172 closest distance to " CD2 TYR A 186 " = 1.088
peak= 3.171 closest distance to " N ARG A 156 " = 1.377
peak= 3.169 closest distance to " CB ASN A 215 " = 1.118
peak= 3.166 closest distance to " CE LYS A 119 " = 1.006
peak= 3.160 closest distance to " O HOH Z 203 " = 1.648
peak= 3.159 closest distance to " O HOH Z 143 " = 1.313
peak= 3.159 closest distance to " O HOH Z 392 " = 2.675
peak= 3.159 closest distance to " NH2BARG A 190 " = 1.641
peak= 3.159 closest distance to " CA LYS A 290 " = 1.172
peak= 3.156 closest distance to " O HOH Z 361 " = 3.541
peak= 3.153 closest distance to " CZ3 TRP A 85 " = 0.934
peak= 3.152 closest distance to " O HOH Z 116 " = 2.384
peak= 3.150 closest distance to " O HOH Z 389 " = 1.354
peak= 3.145 closest distance to " CB GLU A 277 " = 0.948
peak= 3.142 closest distance to " NH1 ARG A 14 " = 1.149
peak= 3.136 closest distance to " CA SER A 87 " = 0.960
peak= 3.132 closest distance to " CA GLY A 267 " = 0.907
peak= 3.128 closest distance to " CB PRO A 243 " = 1.164
peak= 3.121 closest distance to " O HOH Z 172 " = 3.789
peak= 3.110 closest distance to " O ASN A 284 " = 1.829
peak= 3.103 closest distance to " O HOH Z 109 " = 1.881
peak= 3.101 closest distance to " O HOH Z 158 " = 2.965
peak= 3.098 closest distance to " O LEU A 228 " = 1.712
peak= 3.090 closest distance to " CB THR A 279 " = 1.708
peak= 3.088 closest distance to " O HOH Z 367 " = 3.646
peak= 3.086 closest distance to " CZ2 TRP A 150 " = 1.064
peak= 3.084 closest distance to " OD1BASN A 224 " = 2.254
peak= 3.071 closest distance to " O HOH Z 222 " = 2.225
peak= 3.055 closest distance to " O HOH Z 47 " = 1.773
peak= 3.038 closest distance to " CH2 TRP A 274 " = 1.936
peak= 3.035 closest distance to " O HOH Z 132 " = 2.842
peak= 3.024 closest distance to " CB THR A 52 " = 0.855
----------holes----------
Number of peaks found at mFobs-DFmodel map (map cutoff=3.00 sigma)= 207
Filter by distance & map next to the model:
mapped sites are within: 0.491 - 5.388
number of sites selected in [dist_min= 0.70, dist_max= 6.00]: 204 from: 207
mapped sites are within: 0.712 - 5.388
peak= -5.242 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 230 " = 0.712
peak= -4.897 closest distance to " CG GLN A 58 " = 0.999
peak= -4.446 closest distance to " CD ARG A 14 " = 3.227
peak= -4.341 closest distance to " C HIS A 108 " = 1.218
peak= -4.325 closest distance to " OG BSER A 134 " = 1.400
peak= -4.152 closest distance to " CD ARG A 156 " = 2.075
peak= -4.100 closest distance to " O HOH Z 351 " = 1.474
peak= -4.099 closest distance to " OXT GLY A 302 " = 2.830
peak= -4.087 closest distance to " O HOH Z 266 " = 5.365
peak= -4.070 closest distance to " CE2 TYR A 30 " = 2.755
peak= -4.057 closest distance to " O VAL A 67 " = 2.286
peak= -4.041 closest distance to " O HOH Z 290 " = 0.971
peak= -3.999 closest distance to " CD2 TYR A 293 " = 1.896
peak= -3.964 closest distance to " O HOH Z 166 " = 1.955
peak= -3.956 closest distance to " O HOH Z 169 " = 0.936
peak= -3.956 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 101 " = 2.367
peak= -3.952 closest distance to " O PRO A 163 " = 2.108
peak= -3.950 closest distance to " CB ALA A 248 " = 2.317
peak= -3.950 closest distance to " O PRO A 198 " = 1.210
peak= -3.945 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 88 " = 1.066
peak= -3.916 closest distance to " O ASN A 45 " = 1.898
peak= -3.899 closest distance to " CG GLN A 223 " = 2.399
peak= -3.898 closest distance to " CA VAL A 67 " = 2.958
peak= -3.891 closest distance to " O HOH Z 193 " = 1.355
peak= -3.883 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 296 " = 1.014
peak= -3.875 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 112 " = 2.581
peak= -3.869 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 296 " = 1.235
peak= -3.869 closest distance to " O HOH Z 131 " = 4.101
peak= -3.860 closest distance to " CA ASP A 298 " = 1.102
peak= -3.843 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 237 " = 2.642
peak= -3.786 closest distance to " CZ2 TRP A 92 " = 2.821
peak= -3.757 closest distance to " O ALA A 227 " = 1.437
peak= -3.733 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 187 " = 1.576
peak= -3.731 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 11 " = 1.884
peak= -3.731 closest distance to " CZ ARG A 66 " = 1.042
peak= -3.730 closest distance to " CB SER A 210 " = 1.151
peak= -3.710 closest distance to " O MET A 40 " = 2.823
peak= -3.701 closest distance to " N ALA A 248 " = 1.728
peak= -3.696 closest distance to " CE MET A 105 " = 2.348
peak= -3.695 closest distance to " OG ASER A 134 " = 1.463
peak= -3.685 closest distance to " O HOH Z 211 " = 1.479
peak= -3.663 closest distance to " N THR A 52 " = 1.678
peak= -3.661 closest distance to " CD2 PHE A 225 " = 1.092
peak= -3.660 closest distance to " CG PHE A 59 " = 2.016
peak= -3.656 closest distance to " CB PHE A 192 " = 2.115
peak= -3.646 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 45 " = 1.128
peak= -3.628 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 39 " = 1.078
peak= -3.627 closest distance to " CD1 PHE A 130 " = 2.270
peak= -3.623 closest distance to " CA GLY A 241 " = 2.377
peak= -3.611 closest distance to " O HOH Z 92 " = 1.831
peak= -3.611 closest distance to " O ALA A 256 " = 1.770
peak= -3.609 closest distance to " O HOH Z 387 " = 2.681
peak= -3.609 closest distance to " C SER A 206 " = 1.464
peak= -3.591 closest distance to " CB ALA A 248 " = 2.090
peak= -3.570 closest distance to " O HOH Z 154 " = 1.501
peak= -3.562 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 255 " = 2.654
peak= -3.561 closest distance to " CZ TYR A 172 " = 1.835
peak= -3.553 closest distance to " OD2 ASP A 191 " = 1.367
peak= -3.551 closest distance to " O HOH Z 165 " = 2.044
peak= -3.538 closest distance to " O GLY A 80 " = 2.357
peak= -3.528 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 274 " = 2.201
peak= -3.504 closest distance to " O HOH Z 216 " = 1.438
peak= -3.502 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 69 " = 1.900
peak= -3.476 closest distance to " N THR A 157 " = 1.435
peak= -3.460 closest distance to " CG ASP A 231 " = 0.783
peak= -3.459 closest distance to " O HOH Z 174 " = 3.786
peak= -3.454 closest distance to " C ASN A 285 " = 2.085
peak= -3.454 closest distance to " NE ARG A 66 " = 4.251
peak= -3.451 closest distance to " O HOH Z 114 " = 3.224
peak= -3.449 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 5 " = 1.252
peak= -3.448 closest distance to " O HOH Z 37 " = 1.889
peak= -3.447 closest distance to " CA GLY A 133 " = 1.917
peak= -3.447 closest distance to " O HOH Z 423 " = 2.315
peak= -3.446 closest distance to " OG SER A 97 " = 2.316
peak= -3.432 closest distance to " O HOH Z 191 " = 5.388
peak= -3.431 closest distance to " O HOH Z 249 " = 0.975
peak= -3.426 closest distance to " N GLY A 196 " = 1.765
peak= -3.421 closest distance to " O PHE A 218 " = 1.621
peak= -3.421 closest distance to " O ASN A 187 " = 1.511
peak= -3.418 closest distance to " CB ASP A 132 " = 2.285
peak= -3.416 closest distance to " O HOH Z 97 " = 1.157
peak= -3.415 closest distance to " OXT GLY A 302 " = 3.475
peak= -3.408 closest distance to " O SER A 146 " = 1.188
peak= -3.407 closest distance to " O HOH Z 281 " = 2.926
peak= -3.402 closest distance to " OE1 GLN A 183 " = 1.480
peak= -3.400 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 1.312
peak= -3.399 closest distance to " CB GLN A 55 " = 1.312
peak= -3.397 closest distance to " CB ALA A 161 " = 2.424
peak= -3.381 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 150 " = 2.046
peak= -3.380 closest distance to " C MET A 188 " = 1.435
peak= -3.376 closest distance to " CG TRP A 266 " = 1.979
peak= -3.375 closest distance to " CE1 TYR A 247 " = 2.569
peak= -3.373 closest distance to " O HOH Z 185 " = 2.306
peak= -3.370 closest distance to " O HOH Z 11 " = 1.816
peak= -3.368 closest distance to " CA GLY A 133 " = 2.268
peak= -3.360 closest distance to " O HOH Z 179 " = 2.175
peak= -3.358 closest distance to " CG2 THR A 178 " = 2.382
peak= -3.348 closest distance to " O ARG A 24 " = 1.992
peak= -3.347 closest distance to " CZ3 TRP A 179 " = 1.373
peak= -3.345 closest distance to " C THR A 279 " = 1.240
peak= -3.342 closest distance to " CD2 LEU A 167 " = 1.823
peak= -3.341 closest distance to " CD GLN A 88 " = 0.916
peak= -3.339 closest distance to " O LEU A 282 " = 2.090
peak= -3.335 closest distance to " O HOH Z 421 " = 3.589
peak= -3.334 closest distance to " CA GLY A 23 " = 1.792
peak= -3.333 closest distance to " N HIS A 115 " = 2.262
peak= -3.332 closest distance to " O HOH Z 407 " = 2.493
peak= -3.331 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 249 " = 2.291
peak= -3.328 closest distance to " O HOH Z 101 " = 1.529
peak= -3.327 closest distance to " CB TYR A 15 " = 2.192
peak= -3.325 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 263 " = 2.303
peak= -3.324 closest distance to " O HOH Z 374 " = 1.805
peak= -3.320 closest distance to " CB PHE A 208 " = 2.282
peak= -3.315 closest distance to " O HOH Z 431 " = 1.894
peak= -3.312 closest distance to " CD1 PHE A 59 " = 1.988
peak= -3.309 closest distance to " O HOH Z 6 " = 1.696
peak= -3.308 closest distance to " CB ASN A 39 " = 2.217
peak= -3.306 closest distance to " CD GLN A 73 " = 0.714
peak= -3.300 closest distance to " O HOH Z 345 " = 1.637
peak= -3.291 closest distance to " O HOH Z 137 " = 1.639
peak= -3.282 closest distance to " O HOH Z 265 " = 2.321
peak= -3.282 closest distance to " NH2AARG A 275 " = 4.622
peak= -3.277 closest distance to " O HOH Z 100 " = 1.020
peak= -3.275 closest distance to " CE BMET A 47 " = 1.146
peak= -3.271 closest distance to " O HOH Z 214 " = 2.593
peak= -3.270 closest distance to " O HOH Z 11 " = 1.992
peak= -3.265 closest distance to " CB ASP A 132 " = 2.355
peak= -3.260 closest distance to " CA ALA A 114 " = 0.982
peak= -3.256 closest distance to " N GLN A 58 " = 2.111
peak= -3.255 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 278 " = 1.885
peak= -3.254 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 79 " = 1.559
peak= -3.253 closest distance to " O SER A 95 " = 1.570
peak= -3.251 closest distance to " O VAL A 174 " = 2.212
peak= -3.250 closest distance to " CG ARG A 269 " = 2.112
peak= -3.249 closest distance to " O HOH Z 301 " = 2.409
peak= -3.249 closest distance to " CG PHE A 283 " = 2.720
peak= -3.242 closest distance to " N SER A 206 " = 1.747
peak= -3.240 closest distance to " CD1 ILE A 199 " = 2.396
peak= -3.237 closest distance to " OD2 ASP A 50 " = 1.469
peak= -3.236 closest distance to " CA LYS A 166 " = 2.135
peak= -3.236 closest distance to " O HOH Z 136 " = 1.484
peak= -3.236 closest distance to " CG LEU A 5 " = 0.926
peak= -3.235 closest distance to " O HOH Z 201 " = 2.226
peak= -3.232 closest distance to " O HOH Z 13 " = 1.876
peak= -3.231 closest distance to " O ILE A 106 " = 1.709
peak= -3.228 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 79 " = 2.087
peak= -3.228 closest distance to " O HOH Z 91 " = 1.351
peak= -3.228 closest distance to " O HOH Z 285 " = 1.865
peak= -3.224 closest distance to " O HOH Z 210 " = 0.967
peak= -3.218 closest distance to " O HOH Z 196 " = 2.081
peak= -3.217 closest distance to " CB PRO A 163 " = 2.527
peak= -3.215 closest distance to " CD2 HIS A 115 " = 0.975
peak= -3.212 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 301 " = 2.012
peak= -3.208 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 38 " = 2.366
peak= -3.207 closest distance to " N THR A 235 " = 1.221
peak= -3.206 closest distance to " OD2 ASP A 171 " = 2.182
peak= -3.206 closest distance to " CB VAL A 296 " = 1.006
peak= -3.204 closest distance to " OE2 GLU A 152 " = 1.519
peak= -3.203 closest distance to " CA VAL A 296 " = 0.929
peak= -3.202 closest distance to " O SER A 210 " = 1.738
peak= -3.200 closest distance to " O HOH Z 134 " = 3.008
peak= -3.198 closest distance to " N ALA A 226 " = 1.907
peak= -3.197 closest distance to " O HOH Z 63 " = 1.276
peak= -3.195 closest distance to " O HOH Z 89 " = 2.574
peak= -3.190 closest distance to " O ASN A 252 " = 1.229
peak= -3.188 closest distance to " O SER A 3 " = 1.003
peak= -3.188 closest distance to " O HOH Z 313 " = 1.851
peak= -3.185 closest distance to " CZ TYR A 169 " = 1.829
peak= -3.184 closest distance to " CG GLU A 277 " = 1.245
peak= -3.184 closest distance to " O HOH Z 372 " = 2.083
peak= -3.179 closest distance to " C ASP A 231 " = 2.496
peak= -3.178 closest distance to " O HOH Z 359 " = 2.955
peak= -3.175 closest distance to " OG BSER A 99 " = 1.128
peak= -3.173 closest distance to " O BHOH Z 338 " = 1.309
peak= -3.165 closest distance to " O HOH Z 339 " = 1.745
peak= -3.160 closest distance to " CD ARG A 139 " = 1.692
peak= -3.160 closest distance to " O HOH Z 394 " = 1.151
peak= -3.155 closest distance to " CD2 PHE A 61 " = 2.109
peak= -3.151 closest distance to " O HOH Z 256 " = 1.346
peak= -3.151 closest distance to " O HOH Z 423 " = 2.563
peak= -3.150 closest distance to " O HOH Z 42 " = 0.742
peak= -3.145 closest distance to " O TYR A 15 " = 1.824
peak= -3.140 closest distance to " CH2 TRP A 150 " = 1.099
peak= -3.140 closest distance to " N SER A 276 " = 1.332
peak= -3.140 closest distance to " O TRP A 92 " = 1.979
peak= -3.139 closest distance to " O ARG A 145 " = 1.620
peak= -3.133 closest distance to " CD GLN A 223 " = 1.838
peak= -3.129 closest distance to " O HOH Z 227 " = 1.054
peak= -3.126 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 88 " = 1.889
peak= -3.125 closest distance to " CZ ARG A 259 " = 0.891
peak= -3.120 closest distance to " O GLN A 122 " = 1.056
peak= -3.117 closest distance to " CG GLU A 53 " = 1.501
peak= -3.105 closest distance to " O HOH Z 171 " = 2.185
peak= -3.094 closest distance to " OH TYR A 172 " = 1.545
peak= -3.087 closest distance to " OE1 GLN A 240 " = 1.415
peak= -3.084 closest distance to " C ASP A 270 " = 1.521
peak= -3.080 closest distance to " O HOH Z 111 " = 4.649
peak= -3.079 closest distance to " O HOH Z 111 " = 1.767
peak= -3.076 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 252 " = 1.904
peak= -3.076 closest distance to " CE LYS A 166 " = 2.966
peak= -3.072 closest distance to " CB PRO A 280 " = 2.159
peak= -3.058 closest distance to " O GLU A 152 " = 1.217
peak= -3.054 closest distance to " O HOH Z 198 " = 1.077
peak= -3.053 closest distance to " O HOH Z 174 " = 2.233
================= overall refinement statistics: step by step =================
****************** REFINEMENT STATISTICS STEP BY STEP ******************
leading digit, like 1_, means number of macro-cycle
0 : statistics at the very beginning when nothing is done yet
1_bss: bulk solvent correction and/or (anisotropic) scaling
1_xyz: refinement of coordinates
1_adp: refinement of ADPs (Atomic Displacement Parameters)
1_occ: refinement of individual occupancies
------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-factors, x-ray target values and norm of gradient of x-ray target
stage r-work r-free xray_target_w xray_target_t
0 : 0.4717 0.4629 6.274541e+00 6.266869e+00
1_bss: 0.4634 0.4543 6.265811e+00 6.261498e+00
1_xyz: 0.3836 0.3982 6.154452e+00 6.189779e+00
1_adp: 0.3342 0.3795 6.059708e+00 6.150490e+00
1_occ: 0.3339 0.3803 6.058935e+00 6.151412e+00
2_bss: 0.3300 0.3760 6.059823e+00 6.150779e+00
2_xyz: 0.2316 0.2760 5.757923e+00 5.919080e+00
2_adp: 0.2060 0.2524 5.656661e+00 5.831309e+00
2_occ: 0.2058 0.2527 5.656886e+00 5.832761e+00
3_bss: 0.2035 0.2502 5.653502e+00 5.829060e+00
3_xyz: 0.1547 0.1954 5.410781e+00 5.601645e+00
3_adp: 0.1457 0.1862 5.353949e+00 5.548953e+00
3_occ: 0.1456 0.1862 5.353582e+00 5.548770e+00
4_bss: 0.1450 0.1859 5.351914e+00 5.546390e+00
4_xyz: 0.1275 0.1665 5.241794e+00 5.447713e+00
4_adp: 0.1231 0.1650 5.220690e+00 5.435715e+00
4_occ: 0.1229 0.1651 5.219748e+00 5.435548e+00
5_bss: 0.1229 0.1651 5.219654e+00 5.435505e+00
5_xyz: 0.1188 0.1610 5.195585e+00 5.417270e+00
5_adp: 0.1186 0.1602 5.192806e+00 5.412986e+00
5_occ: 0.1185 0.1602 5.192528e+00 5.412947e+00
5_bss: 0.1184 0.1608 5.193574e+00 5.413817e+00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage k_sol b_sol b11 b22 b33 b12 b13 b23
0 : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_bss: 0.351 20.000 8.478 8.054 9.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_xyz: 0.351 20.000 8.478 8.054 9.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_adp: 0.351 20.000 8.478 8.054 9.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_occ: 0.351 20.000 8.478 8.054 9.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
2_bss: 0.328 32.516 4.390 3.783 5.143 0.000 0.000 0.000
2_xyz: 0.328 32.516 4.390 3.783 5.143 0.000 0.000 0.000
2_adp: 0.328 32.516 4.390 3.783 5.143 0.000 0.000 0.000
2_occ: 0.328 32.516 4.390 3.783 5.143 0.000 0.000 0.000
3_bss: 0.317 42.720 1.825 2.519 3.611 0.000 0.000 0.000
3_xyz: 0.317 42.720 1.825 2.519 3.611 0.000 0.000 0.000
3_adp: 0.317 42.720 1.825 2.519 3.611 0.000 0.000 0.000
3_occ: 0.317 42.720 1.825 2.519 3.611 0.000 0.000 0.000
4_bss: 0.320 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
4_xyz: 0.320 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
4_adp: 0.320 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
4_occ: 0.320 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
5_bss: 0.317 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
5_xyz: 0.317 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
5_adp: 0.317 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
5_occ: 0.317 42.720 0.679 1.772 2.900 0.000 0.000 0.000
5_bss: 0.317 44.503 -1.105 -0.012 1.117 0.000 0.000 0.000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage <pher> fom alpha beta
0 : 54.595 0.4638 0.5450 66608.749
1_bss: 54.642 0.4618 0.7043 64966.992
1_xyz: 45.831 0.5713 0.8440 47639.763
1_adp: 41.481 0.6250 0.9686 41710.383
1_occ: 41.511 0.6247 0.9667 41780.084
2_bss: 41.309 0.6271 0.8402 41637.258
2_xyz: 28.925 0.7685 0.9846 20851.251
2_adp: 25.314 0.8079 1.0215 16757.811
2_occ: 25.383 0.8072 1.0206 16830.135
3_bss: 25.170 0.8094 0.9577 16598.325
3_xyz: 18.913 0.8718 0.9978 9997.357
3_adp: 17.627 0.8842 1.0063 9096.970
3_occ: 17.621 0.8842 1.0063 9087.963
4_bss: 17.547 0.8848 0.9751 9009.545
4_xyz: 15.435 0.9032 0.9806 7317.106
4_adp: 15.192 0.9054 0.9777 7185.331
4_occ: 15.190 0.9054 0.9775 7180.485
5_bss: 15.188 0.9054 0.9775 7178.394
5_xyz: 14.769 0.9091 0.9791 6887.367
5_adp: 14.649 0.9102 0.9767 6833.211
5_occ: 14.651 0.9101 0.9767 6833.158
5_bss: 14.684 0.9099 0.9761 6877.290
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage angl bond chir dihe plan repu geom_target
0 : 24.226 0.414 2.119 33.790 0.145 4.088 5.3414e+01
1_bss: 24.226 0.414 2.119 33.790 0.145 4.088 5.3414e+01
1_xyz: 1.572 0.012 0.102 18.136 0.006 4.107 1.2779e-01
1_adp: 1.572 0.012 0.102 18.136 0.006 4.107 1.2779e-01
1_occ: 1.572 0.012 0.102 18.136 0.006 4.107 1.2779e-01
2_bss: 1.572 0.012 0.102 18.136 0.006 4.107 1.2779e-01
2_xyz: 1.202 0.010 0.081 16.421 0.005 4.125 8.7240e-02
2_adp: 1.202 0.010 0.081 16.421 0.005 4.125 8.7240e-02
2_occ: 1.202 0.010 0.081 16.421 0.005 4.125 8.7240e-02
3_bss: 1.202 0.010 0.081 16.421 0.005 4.125 8.7240e-02
3_xyz: 1.016 0.006 0.075 15.536 0.004 4.123 6.1152e-02
3_adp: 1.016 0.006 0.075 15.536 0.004 4.123 6.1152e-02
3_occ: 1.016 0.006 0.075 15.536 0.004 4.123 6.1152e-02
4_bss: 1.016 0.006 0.075 15.536 0.004 4.123 6.1152e-02
4_xyz: 0.961 0.006 0.074 15.409 0.003 4.116 5.6926e-02
4_adp: 0.961 0.006 0.074 15.409 0.003 4.116 5.6926e-02
4_occ: 0.961 0.006 0.074 15.409 0.003 4.116 5.6926e-02
5_bss: 0.961 0.006 0.074 15.409 0.003 4.116 5.6926e-02
5_xyz: 0.947 0.006 0.074 15.253 0.003 4.112 5.4771e-02
5_adp: 0.947 0.006 0.074 15.253 0.003 4.112 5.4771e-02
5_occ: 0.947 0.006 0.074 15.253 0.003 4.112 5.4771e-02
5_bss: 0.947 0.006 0.074 15.253 0.003 4.112 5.4771e-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximal deviations:
stage angl bond chir dihe plan repu |grad|
0 : 74.492 1.400 6.404144.062 0.405 0.961 6.9141e+00
1_bss: 74.492 1.400 6.404144.062 0.405 0.961 6.9141e+00
1_xyz: 13.535 0.151 0.418 85.450 0.038 2.284 8.8415e-02
1_adp: 13.535 0.151 0.418 85.450 0.038 2.284 8.8415e-02
1_occ: 13.535 0.151 0.418 85.450 0.038 2.284 8.8415e-02
2_bss: 13.535 0.151 0.418 85.450 0.038 2.284 8.8415e-02
2_xyz: 6.883 0.148 0.287 82.658 0.057 2.236 7.8814e-02
2_adp: 6.883 0.148 0.287 82.658 0.057 2.236 7.8814e-02
2_occ: 6.883 0.148 0.287 82.658 0.057 2.236 7.8814e-02
3_bss: 6.883 0.148 0.287 82.658 0.057 2.236 7.8814e-02
3_xyz: 7.707 0.045 0.312 82.093 0.036 2.292 3.6421e-02
3_adp: 7.707 0.045 0.312 82.093 0.036 2.292 3.6421e-02
3_occ: 7.707 0.045 0.312 82.093 0.036 2.292 3.6421e-02
4_bss: 7.707 0.045 0.312 82.093 0.036 2.292 3.6421e-02
4_xyz: 6.619 0.038 0.322 82.700 0.034 2.334 5.5115e-02
4_adp: 6.619 0.038 0.322 82.700 0.034 2.334 5.5115e-02
4_occ: 6.619 0.038 0.322 82.700 0.034 2.334 5.5115e-02
5_bss: 6.619 0.038 0.322 82.700 0.034 2.334 5.5115e-02
5_xyz: 6.634 0.046 0.343 82.062 0.032 2.365 2.9194e-02
5_adp: 6.634 0.046 0.343 82.062 0.032 2.365 2.9194e-02
5_occ: 6.634 0.046 0.343 82.062 0.032 2.365 2.9194e-02
5_bss: 6.634 0.046 0.343 82.062 0.032 2.365 2.9194e-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|-----overall-----|---macromolecule----|------solvent-------|
stage b_max b_min b_ave b_max b_min b_ave b_max b_min b_ave
0 : 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
1_bss: 19.99 0.01 9.86 19.98 0.01 9.82 19.99 0.06 10.10
1_xyz: 19.99 0.01 9.86 19.98 0.01 9.82 19.99 0.06 10.10
1_adp: 75.68 0.00 13.41 75.68 0.00 10.73 75.38 0.00 27.98
1_occ: 75.68 0.00 13.41 75.68 0.00 10.73 75.38 0.00 27.98
2_bss: 75.68 0.00 13.41 75.68 0.00 10.73 75.38 0.00 27.98
2_xyz: 75.68 0.00 13.41 75.68 0.00 10.73 75.38 0.00 27.98
2_adp: 136.12 0.00 13.34 136.12 0.00 9.67 70.97 1.31 33.32
2_occ: 136.12 0.00 13.34 136.12 0.00 9.67 70.97 1.31 33.32
3_bss: 136.12 0.00 13.34 136.12 0.00 9.67 70.97 1.31 33.32
3_xyz: 136.12 0.00 13.34 136.12 0.00 9.67 70.97 1.31 33.32
3_adp: 74.55 0.00 13.27 74.55 0.00 9.29 70.09 1.74 34.97
3_occ: 74.55 0.00 13.27 74.55 0.00 9.29 70.09 1.74 34.97
4_bss: 74.55 0.00 13.27 74.55 0.00 9.29 70.09 1.74 34.97
4_xyz: 74.55 0.00 13.27 74.55 0.00 9.29 70.09 1.74 34.97
4_adp: 84.31 0.00 13.62 84.31 0.00 9.29 74.82 2.52 37.17
4_occ: 84.31 0.00 13.62 84.31 0.00 9.29 74.82 2.52 37.17
5_bss: 84.31 0.00 13.62 84.31 0.00 9.29 74.82 2.52 37.17
5_xyz: 84.31 0.00 13.62 84.31 0.00 9.29 74.82 2.52 37.17
5_adp: 86.47 0.00 13.29 86.47 0.00 9.13 74.72 2.29 35.94
5_occ: 86.47 0.00 13.29 86.47 0.00 9.13 74.72 2.29 35.94
5_bss: 88.25 1.78 15.07 88.25 1.78 10.91 76.50 4.07 37.72
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage Deviation of refined
model from start model
max min mean
0 : 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_bss: 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_xyz: 1.238 0.026 0.401
1_adp: 1.238 0.026 0.401
1_occ: 1.238 0.026 0.401
2_bss: 1.238 0.026 0.401
2_xyz: 1.667 0.023 0.574
2_adp: 1.667 0.023 0.574
2_occ: 1.667 0.023 0.574
3_bss: 1.667 0.023 0.574
3_xyz: 1.756 0.060 0.629
3_adp: 1.756 0.060 0.629
3_occ: 1.756 0.060 0.629
4_bss: 1.756 0.060 0.629
4_xyz: 1.813 0.048 0.668
4_adp: 1.813 0.048 0.668
4_occ: 1.813 0.048 0.668
5_bss: 1.813 0.048 0.668
5_xyz: 1.869 0.060 0.678
5_adp: 1.869 0.060 0.678
5_occ: 1.869 0.060 0.678
5_bss: 1.869 0.060 0.678
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CPU time actual refinement: 345.54
============================== Exporting results ==============================
Writing refined structure to PDB file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001.pdb
n_use = 2823
n_use_u_iso = 2823
n_use_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_site = 0
n_grad_u_iso = 0
n_grad_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_occupancy = 106
n_grad_fp = 0
n_grad_fdp = 0
n_anisotropic_flag = 0
total number of scatterers = 2823
Writing 2mFobs-DFmodel XPLOR map to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001_2mFobs-DFmodel.map
Writing mFobs-DFmodel XPLOR map to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001_mFobs-DFmodel.map
Writing map coefficients to MTZ file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_001_map_coeffs.mtz
Writing default parameters for subsequent refinement:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/run_73/model_refine_002.def
=============================== Detailed timings ==============================
Pure refinement (no I/O, processing, etc)= 345.39
Macro-tasks:
bulk solvent and scale = 39.56
individual site refinement = 142.47
weights calculation = 32.94
collect and process = 6.46
model show statistics = 0.12
TOTAL for macro-tasks = 221.55
Micro-tasks:
mask = 2.57
f_calc = 109.29
alpha_beta = 8.27
target = 1.20
gradients_wrt_atomic_parameters = 118.93
fmodel = 7.14
r_factors = 0.19
phase_errors = 10.53
foms = 0.25
TOTAL for micro-tasks = 258.37
NUMBER OF MASK CALCS= 5
Time per interpreted Python bytecode instruction: 4.854 micro seconds
Total CPU time: 5.98 minutes
from_scatterers_fft: 653 calls, 108.94 s
gradients_fft: 597 calls, 105.54 s
=========================== phenix.refine: finished ===========================
# Date 2008-01-16 Time 00:39:39 PST -0800 (1200472779.66 s)
Start R-work = 0.4717, R-free = 0.4629 (no bulk solvent and anisotropic scale)
Final R-work = 0.1363, R-free = 0.1755 (no bulk solvent and anisotropic scale)
Start R-work = 0.4634, R-free = 0.4543
Final R-work = 0.1184, R-free = 0.1608
| en |
log-files | 676241 | PyClimate-1.2.3.tar.gz
Installation to /usr/local/cdat
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
building extension "pyclimate.JDTimec" sources
building extension "pyclimate.pydcdflibc" sources
building extension "pyclimate.KPDF" sources
building extension "pyclimate.anumhist" sources
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.5
creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/analog.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/ArrayWM.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/asciidat.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/atmosphericmoisture.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/bpcca.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/diffoperators.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/hdseofs.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/JDTime.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/JDTimeHandler.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/kzcruhgt.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/KZFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/LanczosFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/LinearFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/mctest.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/mvarstatools.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/nciterator.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/ncstruct.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/NHArray.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/pyclimateexcpt.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/pydcdflib.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/readdat.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/svd.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/svdeofs.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/t_test.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/tools.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
copying src/writedat.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate
running build_ext
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
building 'pyclimate.JDTimec' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
creating build/temp.linux-i686-2.5
creating build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src
compile options: '-I/usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5 -c'
gcc: src/JDTime.c
gcc: src/JDTime_wrap.c
In file included from /usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5/Python.h:8,
from src/JDTime_wrap.c:44:
/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5/pyconfig.h:942:1: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined
In file included from /usr/include/string.h:26,
from src/JDTime_wrap.c:22:
/usr/include/features.h:190:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
src/JDTime_wrap.c:570: warning: function declaration isn't a prototype
src/JDTime_wrap.c:942: warning: function declaration isn't a prototype
src/JDTime_wrap.c:211: warning: 'SWIG_addvarlink' defined but not used
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/JDTime.o build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/JDTime_wrap.o -o build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/JDTimec.so
building 'pyclimate.pydcdflibc' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-I/usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5 -c'
gcc: src/pycdf.c
src/cdflib.h:47: warning: 'E0000' declared `static' but never defined
src/cdflib.h:54: warning: 'E0001' declared `static' but never defined
gcc: src/pydcdflib_wrap.c
In file included from /usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5/Python.h:8,
from src/pydcdflib_wrap.c:44:
/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5/pyconfig.h:942:1: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined
In file included from /usr/include/string.h:26,
from src/pydcdflib_wrap.c:22:
/usr/include/features.h:190:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
src/pydcdflib_wrap.c:5848: warning: function declaration isn't a prototype
src/pydcdflib_wrap.c:211: warning: 'SWIG_addvarlink' defined but not used
gcc: src/ipmpar.c
gcc: src/dcdflib.c
src/dcdflib.c: In function `cdfbin':
src/dcdflib.c:1889: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
src/dcdflib.c: In function `cdfgam':
src/dcdflib.c:3551: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
src/dcdflib.c: In function `E0000':
src/dcdflib.c:6410: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
src/dcdflib.c:6434: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
src/dcdflib.c:6475: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
src/dcdflib.c: In function `E0001':
src/dcdflib.c:6877: warning: suggest parentheses around && within ||
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/pycdf.o build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/ipmpar.o build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/pydcdflib_wrap.o build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/dcdflib.o -o build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/pydcdflibc.so
building 'pyclimate.KPDF' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-I/usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5 -c'
gcc: src/KPDF.c
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/KPDF.o -o build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/KPDF.so
building 'pyclimate.anumhist' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC
compile options: '-I/usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/cdat/include/python2.5 -c'
gcc: src/anumhist.c
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-i686-2.5/src/anumhist.o -o build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/anumhist.so
running scons
running install
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/__init__.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/analog.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/ArrayWM.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/asciidat.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/atmosphericmoisture.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/bpcca.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/diffoperators.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/hdseofs.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/JDTime.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/JDTimeHandler.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/kzcruhgt.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/KZFilter.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/LanczosFilter.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/LinearFilter.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/mctest.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/mvarstatools.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/nciterator.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/ncstruct.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/NHArray.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/pyclimateexcpt.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/pydcdflib.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/readdat.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/svd.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/svdeofs.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/t_test.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/tools.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/writedat.py -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/JDTimec.so -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/pydcdflibc.so -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/KPDF.so -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
copying build/lib.linux-i686-2.5/pyclimate/anumhist.so -> /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/analog.py to analog.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/ArrayWM.py to ArrayWM.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/asciidat.py to asciidat.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/atmosphericmoisture.py to atmosphericmoisture.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/bpcca.py to bpcca.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/diffoperators.py to diffoperators.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/hdseofs.py to hdseofs.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/JDTime.py to JDTime.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/JDTimeHandler.py to JDTimeHandler.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/kzcruhgt.py to kzcruhgt.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/KZFilter.py to KZFilter.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/LanczosFilter.py to LanczosFilter.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/LinearFilter.py to LinearFilter.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/mctest.py to mctest.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/mvarstatools.py to mvarstatools.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/nciterator.py to nciterator.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/ncstruct.py to ncstruct.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/NHArray.py to NHArray.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/pyclimateexcpt.py to pyclimateexcpt.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/pydcdflib.py to pydcdflib.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/readdat.py to readdat.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/svd.py to svd.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/svdeofs.py to svdeofs.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/t_test.py to t_test.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/tools.py to tools.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyclimate/writedat.py to writedat.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/cdat/lib/python2.5/site-packages/PyClimate-1.2.3-py2.5.egg-info
| en |
markdown | 514546 | # Presentation: 514546
## Upcoming “CEO”s
- October 2007
- November 2007
- March 2008
## World’s Largest Plastics Show
- October 24—31, 2007
- Only once every 3 years
- 3,000 exhibitors from
- 50+ countries
- Over 120 U.S. firms
- 230,000 trade visitors
## World’s Largest Plastics Show
- Show sold out—but you can
- still participate through our Corporate Executive Office!
- Early bird $4,100 before May 31,
- afterwards $4,500
- Kirsten Hentschel
- kirsten.hentschel@mail.doc.gov
- +49 211 / 737 767-30
## World's Largest Medical Equipment Show
- World's Largest Medical Equipment Show
- November 14—17, 2007
- 2006: 4,252 exhibitors from 62 countries and 400 U.S. firms
- Join the 2007 “CEO”
- $4,500
- Anette Salama
- anette.salama@mail.doc.gov
- +49 211 / 737 767-60 | en |
markdown | 686790 | # Presentation: 686790
##
EU Accession
Status of Serbia and other Western Balkan Countries
**EU Accession**
*Status of Serbia and other Western Balkan Countries*
## Serbia (and) Montenegro in Europe
- SERBIA
- MONTENEGRO
***Serbia (and) Montenegro in Europe***
- ROMANIA
- GREECE
- ITALY
- POLAND
- GERMANY
- R
- USSIA
## Western Balkans
## Stabilization and Association Process/ Stabilization and Association Agreements
| Country | GDP Per cap.$ | Population, 2006 in mill. | Relationship w/ EU | Pre-Accession Assistance in 2007 in mill. E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albania | 2,769 | 3.2 | Stability and Association Agreement signed on June 12, 2006 | 61 |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2,352 | 3.9 | Negotiations on Stability and Association Agreement are ongoing | 62 |
| Croatia | 8,744 | 4.5 | Candidate country. Negotiations ongoing. | 139 |
| Montenegro | 3,271 | 0.65 | Montenegro decided to be independent on May 21, 2006. Negotiations for a Stability and Association Agreement were started in September 2006. Preliminary signing of SAA on March 15, 2007. | 31 |
| Serbia without Kosovo | 3,525 | 7.5 | Opened talks on Stability and Association Agreement in October 2005. | 187 |
| Kosovo | 1,565 | 2 | The status of Kosovo has not yet been determined. Kosovo is an observer in the EU governmental bodies. | 63 |
| FYR Macedonia | 2,556 | 2 | Stability and Association Agreement into force in April 2004. EU Council decision to grant candidate status in December 2005, but without determining a date for when negotiations can start. | 60 |
## Foreign Direct Investment in 2006
| Country | Population in mill. | GDP Growth (%) | FDI
in $ billion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Serbia without Kosovo | 7.5 | 5.8 | 3.5 |
| Croatia | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.9 |
| Romania | 21.5 | 6.4 | 9.1 |
| Bulgaria | 7.6 | 6.5 | 4.1 |
## Regional Integration
**CEFTA**** - ****A good signal to foreign investors**
** ****31 – bilateral agreements – market of 30 million people**
**Serbia is the only country outside the CIS******** that has an FTA with the Russian Federation – market of 150 million people**
**- Serbia is in the middle of the SEE Free Trade Area – duty free access to a market of 60 million people.**
** **
## Macroeconomic Data 2006
**GDP: $ 25.5 Billion**
**GDP per Capita: $ 3,525**
**Unemployment: 27.0%**
**Inflation: 6.5 %**
**Currency: DINAR**
**Credit rating: BB-**
_***Serbia***_
**FDI: $ 4 billion**
**Real GDP growth: 5.8%**
_***Montenegro***_
**GDP: $ 1.9 Billion**
**GDP per Capita: $ 3,271**
**Real GDP growth: 5%**
**Inflation: 1.8%**
**Unemployment: 20.0%**
**FDI : 620 $ **
**Currency: EURO**
**Credit rating: BB+**
## Latest Developments
**At the end of 2005, ****EU**** ****announced**** ****a positive Feasibility Study and the start of negotiations on the Stabilization and Association Agreement**** **
**The World Bank’s guide “Doing Business in 2006” named Serbia the top global reformer**
**EBRD**** ****rated Serbia as having t****he highest graded structural reform progress in Central and Eastern Europe**
**The F.T.**** ****awarded**** ****Belgrade as the “City of the Future” in Southern Europe for 2006/2007**
**U.S. Department of Commerce named Serbia and Montenegro “Market of the Month” in January 2006**
## Legal Reform
## Major U.S. Investors 2003-2006
** ****Phillip Morris, 2003, EUR 700 million **
** ****Largest Foreign Investment**
** ****U.S. Steel, 2003, EUR 250 million**
** ****Largest EX/IM in Serbia**
** ****Ball Corporation, 2004, EUR 80 million**
** ****Largest Greenfield Investment**
** ****NewsCorp, 2006, EUR 70 million**
** ****First Foreign TV Broadcaster in Serbia**
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**Telecommunications equipment and services **
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## U.S. Commercial Service
**Maria J. Andrews, **
- Regional Senior Commercial Officer
**U.S. Commercial Service**
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** ****www.buyusa.gov/yugoslavia/en** | en |
all-txt-docs | 203214 | CIMEL, Edwards AFB, CA, 11Dec98
/data/validation/field/cimel/981207_edwards_afb/cml_981211_00.dat
A. U. (avg) 0.984614 Latitude 34.98
Temperature (C) -3.71 Longitude -117.84
Pressure (mB) 948.00 Airmass Range: 4.41 to 1.89
Visibility (km) 143.93 Junge nu -1.27
Altitude (m) 700.00 Time (PST) 8:09 to 15:20
DN Vo intercepts from file 981207.bestest
Met station measurements of temperature and pressure used.
../output_data/cml_981211_00.tau_info
Flittner aerosol model used.
BJGaitley, 19Jan1999, V1.2
Channel Wavelength Tau tot Tau ray Tau resid Tau ozone Tau aer
0 440.000 0.25865 0.22713 0.03152 0.00133 0.02882
1 670.000 0.06953 0.04081 0.02872 0.01898 0.00948
2 870.000 0.02291 0.01421 0.00871 0.00113 0.01343
3 940.000 0.22822 0.01040 0.21782 0.00000 0.02307
4 1020.00 0.04911 0.00749 0.04162 0.00000 0.03738
std dev std dev std dev
Channel Wavelength Tau tot of Tau tot Vo of Vo of inst_tau
0 440.000 0.25865 0.00742 19282.2 399.2600 1.3521e-03
1 670.000 0.06953 0.00436 13599.3 164.2700 2.1525e-03
2 870.000 0.02291 0.00445 13332.6 164.0500 2.3959e-03
3 940.000 0.22822 0.06502 15928.5 2888.2300 1.6342e-02
4 1020.00 0.04911 0.00645 13596.6 241.2800 4.2280e-03
Ozone column in Dobson units = 412.10
Water vapor in precipitable H2O = 0.0000
Overall Optical Depths at Test Wavelengths, for CIMEL
Wavelength Tau tot Tau ray Tau resid Tau ozone Tau aer
500.0 nm 1.913e-01 1.343e-01 5.697e-02 3.906e-03 4.688e-02
550.0 nm 1.495e-01 9.101e-02 5.844e-02 1.074e-02 4.443e-02
600.0 nm 1.130e-01 6.386e-02 4.917e-02 1.660e-02 3.589e-02
700.0 nm 5.434e-02 3.418e-02 2.017e-02 3.296e-03 1.764e-02
Ozone column in Dobson units = 132.26
Water vapor in precipitable H2O = 0.0000
| en |
log-files | 019904 | <!-- Title: Owl shift. Sat Sep 21, 2002 -->
<!-- SciCo: Lina Galtieri -->
<!-- DAQAce: Kostas Kordas -->
<!-- MonAce: Ricardo Eusebi -->
<!-- CO: Mario Campanelli/giord -->
<!-- OpManager: Phil Koehn -->
<!-- Notes: -->
<pre>Stack at 115mA, rate 6.4mA/hr. Plan is to get to 130 before new shot setup.
Wait for Morris to finish checking COT sparking and do COT calibration.</pre>
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 00:26:32 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151860">151860</A>
Terminated at 2002.09.21 00:28:24
<!-- processed by 137.138.82.85 -->
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 00:27:18 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151860">151860</A>
TERMINATE: Rick's run ended. 30k events. Central and Plug HV up, no beam in the machine, L1 Accepts: 110 Hz.
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Comment: Sat Sep 21 08;04;13 comment by...Kostas Kordas -->
<pre>CHA 9W, tower 6, Right PMT "hot"
WHA 11W, tower 10, Left PMT, and 18W, tower 7, Right PMT "hot",
And several in the CHA, whatever these red colors mean in YMON.
</pre>
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 00:56:00 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151861">151861</A>
ACTIVATE: COT calibration run.
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.161 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Comment: Sat Sep 21 01;13;19 comment by...Kostas Kordas -->
<pre>COT calibration looks fine. According to the log file
"Calibration run is good, but has not changed sufficiently from
last COMPLETE run - no new COMPLETE run written"
Only 32 good channles have drifted, spread around all the crates => All TDCs are fine. </pre>
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 00:56:00 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151861">151861</A>
TERMINATE: COT calibration run taken.
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.161 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 01:09:22 2002 -->
<pre>Main control says it will be at least one hour and 1/2 before starting shot setup</pre>
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 01:28:30 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151862">151862</A>
TERMINATE: Stop for EVB/L3 work
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 01:31:46 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151863">151863</A>
Activated at 2002.09.21 01:33:37
<!-- processed by 131.225.127.10 -->
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 01:36:21 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151863">151863</A>
ACTIVATE: COSMIC run with software event builder, and all crates except CMP00, CMU00, CMU01, which are taken by Illya for EVB and L3 tests (that's why we run on the software event builder)
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 01:37:47 2002 -->
<p>Change current monitor transformer configuration on SL8 COT high voltage. Move trans1 from S5 to S6. Install tran2 on S5. Put the original trans0 on S4. Will now try to compare the current spikes on all three channel. This should have no effect on running. It there are any trips on S4, S5, or S6 in SL8, please call me (cell 9-319-0039 or home 9-406-9416). Morris
<!-- Author: Morris Binkley -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:18:21 2002 -->
Checking CAL QIE/QIE2 calibration run 151847.
Bad channel summary:
Run, Wedge, Channel, Cap, Detector, Mean(ref), Mean, RMS(ref), Sigma
151847 8 E 0 0 PHA 177#pm 8 183 0<rms<5 104.22
151847 8 E 0 1 PHA 178#pm 8 174 0<rms<5 112.21
151847 8 E 0 2 PHA 179#pm 8 207 0<rms<5 134.96
151847 8 E 0 3 PHA 180#pm 8 192 0<rms<5 115.11
3264 entries 9 bad channels
No bad channels for QIE slopes.
<!-- Author: Campanelli :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151847' target=_top>151847</a>) -->
<!-- Comment: Sat Sep 21 02;21;49 comment by...Campanelli -->
Some problems with pasting directly the output information; attaching table (see below).
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:23:11 2002 -->
<table><tr><td><a href=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2002&action=view&page=-7997&button=yes target='xxx' onclick='jswindow()'; align=top><img src=/cgi/elog/elog.pl?nb=2002&action=view&page=-7997 width='300' align='top'></td><td>.</a></td></tr></table>
<!-- Author: Campanelli -->
<!-- Comment: Sat Sep 21 02;24;56 comment by...Campanelli -->
No bad channels for QIE slopes.
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:29:06 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151864">151864</A>
ACTIVATE: testing L3
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.161 -->
<!-- Author: ikrav -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:31:57 2002 -->
I have worked with Level3 for about an hour. Jeff Tseng
has prepared an update of level3 monitoring that
will keep track of the total number of severe filter errors.
I had only 1 hour and did only half of planned tests.
More will be done in the following days when I get the
system again.
<!-- Author: Ilya -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:37:20 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151863">151863</A>
Terminated at 2002.09.21 02:38:56
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.229 -->
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:49:34 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151863">151863</A>
TERMINATE: Ilya is done with EVB and L3. Will start new Cosmics with hardware Event builder this time.
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:49:34 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151865">151865</A>
Activated at 2002.09.21 02:49:23
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: RunControl -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:49:34 2002 -->
Run <A HREF="/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151865">151865</A>
ACTIVATE: Take a normal COSMICS run to exercise the system.
<!-- processed by 131.225.236.168 -->
<!-- Author: Kostas x2080 -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 02:57:15 2002 -->
CAL LED calibration checked, OK
<!-- Author: Campanelli :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151053' target=_top>151053</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 03:02:44 2002 -->
Xenon CAL calibration checked, ok.
<!-- Author: Campanelli :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151856' target=_top>151856</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 03:16:40 2002 -->
CLC QIE calib. OK
<!-- Author: Campanelli :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151848' target=_top>151848</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 03:22:21 2002 -->
BSC Calib checked OK
<!-- Author: Campanelli :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151852' target=_top>151852</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 03:22:40 2002 -->
MCR is starting work on shot 1773.
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 04:44:58 2002 -->
MCR says that they are injecting final protons. They have been running also miniboone. Why shot setup is slow?. Supposed they were to start the shot at 3 am.
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 05:05:24 2002 -->
MCR has been trying to load final protons. They lost 5 bunches at about 230 ma a first time, they started form scratch. Now they lost the first proton bunch again.
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 05:10:52 2002 -->
MCR called. They had a quench.
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 05:48:02 2002 -->
<pre>Running smoothy collecting cosmics at 23 Hz.
We have about 270 k events on tape from the
heavens bombarding us.
</pre>
<!-- Author: Kostas :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151865' target=_top>151865</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 07:23:34 2002 -->
<pre>Shower Max clibaration Run 151850, taken yesterday night, looks ok. No blocks of channels problematic.
List of problematic channels, as far as the pedestals, are concerned, is the same as in the previous calibration,
Run 151653, taken in Spe. 17, 2002.
Concerning the slopes:
crate slot Channel qie
------- ---- ------- ---
ccal 13 5 7 1 ==> New
ccal 06 5 4 17 ==> New
ccal 14 4 0 1 ==> New
ccal 04 5 6 15 ==> New
pcal 04 4 0 5 ==> Not bad anymore
ccal 06 4 1 6 ==> Not bad anymore
ccal 01 4 1 6 ==> Not bad anymore
</pre>
<!-- Author: Kostas :: (run <a href='/java/cdfdb/servlet/RunSummary?RUN_NUMBER=151850' target=_top>151850</a>) -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 07:30:09 2002 -->
shot setup resumes at 07:26
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 07:51:16 2002 -->
<pre>Comments on the Silicon plots:
-No Silicon plots!!
Nothing to show since the shift was almost quiet time.Still trying to succesfuly inject protons...</pre>
<!-- Author: eusebi -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 07:53:22 2002 -->
<TABLE BORDER=2 CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=1 BGCOLOR=WHITE>
<TR BGCOLOR=YELLOW><TH>Run Number</TH>
<TH>Data Type</TH>
<TH>Physics Table</TH>
<TH>Begin Time</TH>
<TH>End Time</TH>
<TH>Live Time</TH>
<TH>L1 Accepts</TH>
<TH>L2 Accepts</TH>
<TH>L3 Accepts</TH>
<TH>Live Lumi, nb-1</TH>
<TH>GR</TH>
<TH>SC</TH>
<TH>RC</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>Totals</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD>07:55:02</TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>::</TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT></TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- processed by 131.225.127.7 -->
<!-- Author: End of Shift Report -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 07:57:08 2002 -->
Started putting in real protons
<!-- Author: Lina -->
<!-- Date: Sat Sep 21 08:00:48 2002 -->
<font color=red>Shift Summary: </font><pre>Stack at 115 mA, going for 130ma.
COT work
Morris change current monitor transformer configuration on SL8 COT high voltage. Moved trans1 from S5 to S6. Install tran2 on S5. Put the original trans0 on S4. Then try to compare the current spikes on all three channel. This should have no effect on running. Call him if trips on S4, S5, or S6 in SL8.
L3 work
Ilya worked with Level3 for about an hour. Jeff Tseng ha prepared an update of level3 monitoring that will keep track of the total number of severe filter errors. He had only 1 hour and did only half of planned tests.
Waiting for beam. They start loading the protons in at about 3 am. At about 4 am they have 5 bunches in. They loose them. Start again later on and they loose them again: quench at DA.
6:28, start loosing pbar from the stack: expert will come in.
Did cosmic runs at 23 Hz, collected 270K events on tape.
Calibrations done and checked: COT, CAL QIE/QIE2, CAL LED, Xenon CAL, CLC QIE, BSC, SMAX
7:26 start shot setup again
</pre>
<br><b>End of Shift Numbers</b>
<table><tr><td width=60% align=left>
<b>CDF Run II <p></b>
<pre>
Runs
Delivered Luminosity 0
Acquired Luminosity 0
Efficiency 0
</td></tr></table></pre>
<!-- Author: lina -->
| en |
converted_docs | 039014 | # **ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITIES**
**STRATTON VETERANS ADMINISTRATION**
**MEDICAL CENTER**
**ALBANY, NEW YORK 12208**
**STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES**
**MARCH 2009**
### Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION 4
2.0 GENERAL STAFF POLICIES 4
2.1 Reporting Animal Concerns and Whistleblower's Policy 4 3.0 SECURITY
IN THE ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITY 5
4.0 PER DIEMS AND SPACE 6
5.0 STAFFING 6 6.0 TRAINING OF STAFF 6
7.0 SAFETY AND THE USE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING 7
8.0 WASTE DISPOSAL 8
9.0 PEST CONTROL 8
10.0 ANIMAL PROCUREMENT 8
10.1 Animal Procurement procedures 9
10.2 Approved Vendors 9
11.0 ANIMAL RECEIVING PROCEDURES 9
11.1 Rodents 10
11.2 Rabbits 10
12.0 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMALS HOUSED IN THE ANIMAL FACILITY 10
12.1 Identification Cards For Animals Being Bred 11
13.0 ANIMAL HOUSING 11
14.0 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENRICHMENT 11
15.0 RABBIT CARE AND FEEDING 12
15.1 Schedule For Newly Acquired Rabbits 13 16.0 RODENT CARE AND FEEDING
13
17.0 GUINEA PIG CARE AND FEEDING 14
18.0 RECOMMENDED RELATIVE HUMIDITY, DRY -BULB TEMPERATURE for
COMMON LABORATORY ANIMALS 15
18.1 Temperature And Light Monitoring Of The Animal Rooms 15
18.2 Animal Room Environmental Logs 16 18.3 Room Activity Log 16
19.0 HANDLING SICK, DEAD, ESCAPED OR UNIDENTIFIED ANIMALS 16
19.1 Sick Animals 16
19.2 Dead Animals 16
19.3 Escaped or Unidentified Animals 17
20.0 ANIMAL ROOM SANITATION 17
20.1 Rabbit Rooms 17
20.2 Rat and Mouse Rooms 17
20.3 Guinea Pig Rooms 17
20.4Mopping Procedures 17
20.5 Room Breakdown 17
20.6 HVAC Filters 18
21.0 EQUIPMENT WASHlNG 18
21.1 Machine Operations 18
21.2 Cage & Rack Washing 18
22.0 FEED AND BEDDING HANDLING, STORAGE AND PREPARATION 19
23.0 SEMI-ANNUAL SEROLOGY TESTING ON RATS &MICE 20
24.0 EUTHANASIA 21
24.1 Approved Methods of Euthanasia for Mice, Rats and Guinea Pigs 21
24.2 Approved Methods of Euthanasia for Rabbits 22
25.0 SURVIVAL RODENT SURGERY 22
25.1 Preparations of the Surgeon 23
25.2 Gloving 24
26.0 ASEPTIC SURVIVAL SURGERY IN ANIMALS
OTHER THAN RODENTS 24
26.1 Patient Preparation 24
26.2 Cleaning & Disinfection of the Operating Room & Its Equipment 24
26.3 Operating Room Attire 25
26.4 Preparations of the Surgical Team 27
26.5 Technique 27
26.6 Toweling 27
26\. 7 Gowning 28
26.8 Gloving (Closed Method) 28
26.9 Post Operative Care 28
27.0 REFERENCES 29
ADDENDUM A -- Controlled Substance Procedure in the ARF 30
**1.0 INTRODUCTION**
The Stratton VA Medical Center Animal Research Facility (ARF) maintains
full accreditation with the Association for Assessment and Accreditation
of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC). The Medical Center
actively supports the use of animals in research, teaching and testing.
However, the use of animals in VA research is a privilege granted with
the understanding and expectation that such research is conducted
according to the highest ethical and legal standards. These policies are
written to set forth the principles and procedures that govern research
activities involving laboratory animals in the Stratton VA Medical
Center Animal Research Facility.
**2.0 GENERAL STAFF POLICIES**
The general policies for all staff working within the Animal Research
Facility are as follows:
A\) The introduction of food and/or beverage into the ARF is strictly
prohibited except in
designated areas. Designated areas are offices and the break room only.
The
disposal of food and beverage refuse will only occur in these areas.
B\) Smoking is not allowed in any area of the ARF. This policy is
strictly enforced.
C\) Personal entertainment devices, such as stereos, radios and
televisions are
prohibited in all animal care areas. Special permission may be granted
by the
Associate Chief of Staff for Research and Development (ACOS/R&D) to use
these
devices in the operating room, necropsy room or procedural rooms. These
devices
are allowed in offices and the break room.
D\) To protect the health of the animals housed in the ARF, non-research
animals are
prohibited from all areas of the ARF. This prohibition includes pets of
any species.
E\) Any behavior by research personnel that threatens the health and
well-being of the
research animals is regarded as a serious infraction and will be
reported to the
proper authorities.
F\) All research personnel must have their identification cards
displayed while working
in the ARF.
G\) Any injuries or illnesses that occur to research personnel in the
ARF, as a result of
animal contact or exposure, must be reported to their Supervisor and the
Personnel
Health Unit.
H\) Unauthorized persons will not be allowed in the ARF without proper
ID and/or
permission of the ARF supervisor.
**2.1 Reporting Animal Concerns and Whistleblower Policy**
The Stratton VA Research Service is committed to the humane care and use
of laboratory animals. To ensure that laboratory animals receive humane
care and use/treatment in accordance with the highest ethical standards,
laws, regulations and polices governing animal research, the
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) must review and if
warranted, address any animal-related concerns by the public or by the
Medical Center employees. The IACUC must review each concern in a timely
and systematic manner and when necessary take prompt and appropriate
corrective action.
Reports of animal welfare concerns may be made anonymously, if desired.
However, if the complainant would like to know the resolution of the
investigation, he or she must provide a name. All reports will be
handled confidentially; however, anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Any concerns or deficiencies in the care and/or treatment of animals or
any activities related to animal care that may be improper or inhumane,
should be reported. Concerns may be reported to one's direct supervisor,
the Attending Veterinarian, the Associate Chief of Staff for Research
and Development, the IACUC Chair, or the ARF Supervisor. Reporting may
be done verbally, in writing or by e-mail. When reporting an incident,
factual information should be detailed in the report.
The Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation
(No FEAR) Act protects individuals from retaliation for whistle blowing.
If an individual believes that they have been retaliated against for
whistle blowing, a formal complaint can be filed with the Human
Resources Department of the Medical Center. There are numerous signs
throughout the ARF detailing the Medical Center's No Fear Act/Whistle
Blowing Policy and the steps for reporting concerns.
**3.0 SECURITY IN THE ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITY**
Vulnerability of the Animal Research Facility and staff is of high
priority and constant assessment is done to help assure a safe and
secure workplace for personnel and animals used in research. These
measures include:
A) Background checks on new research personnel by Human Resources.
B) Identification card swipe system on all external doors of the ARF.
Whenever a
> person swipes into the facility, the Police Unit can instantly
> identify the card that
>
> is being used.
C) Safety screens are located on all windows. In addition, these
windows have
> alarms that detect movement of the window and loud noise levels in the
> area of
>
> the window. These alarms go directly to the Police Unit.
D) There are five emergency buttons located in the hallways of the ARF.
These buttons can be pushed for any emergency or potential
threatening situation. The Police Unit will respond immediately to
any incident in which a emergency button is pressed.
E) All ARF's external doors are equipped with security hinges to
prevent the door from being removed from the frame.
F) A security camera is located on the main building directed at the
two main entrances of the ARF. The Police Unit is responsible for
monitoring the security camera.
G) The Police Unit is responsible for verifying all external doors are
secure during non-tour duty hours during each police shift.
**4.0 PER DIEMS AND SPACE**
All investigators utilizing animals in the ARF are charged a per diem
rate for the daily care of each individual animal. The per diem charge
includes feed, bedding, changing pans and cleaning cages, the
veterinarian technician's time to perform these duties and the
veterinarian costs. The rates are determined by the type of funding the
Investigators are receiving: VA Funded or Non-VA Funded research. The
current rates for each individual species per day are as follows:
VA FUNDED NON-VA FUNDED
Mice \$0.11 \$0.26
Rats \$0.28 \$0.56
Rabbits \$1.60 \$2.74
Guinea Pigs \$1.25 \$2.03
All Non VA Funded investigators are charged for space used at the Animal
Research Facility. This includes the rooms that are used to house their
animals, as well as laboratory and office space. Investigators are
charged a monthly fee of \$17.50 per square foot for all support areas.
Rooms that are used for the housing of animals are assessed for the
capacity of animals that requiring housing before the Investigator is
charged. The investigator is charged \$17.50 per square foot, pro-rated
according to the percentage of animal capacity in the housing areas.
These calculations are done on a daily basis and are charged to the
investigator monthly.
**5.0 STAFFING**
The Animal Research Facility has two animal technicians, the ARF
supervisor and a
part-time animal caretaker. They provide full coverage for the facility
during the weekdays, weekends and holidays. The ARF supervisor's regular
tour of duty is Monday-Friday. The regular tour of duty for the
caretaker includes weekends and holidays. The consulting veterinarian
makes visits to the facility every two weeks and is accessible via phone
or e-mail at all times. The names and home phone numbers of the ARF
supervisor, consulting veterinarian and local veterinarian for
emergencies are posted prominently in the facility. After hours
emergencies are handled through Police and Security Service,
notification to the Research Department will occur through the use of
the Research Emergency Cascade.
**6.0 TRAINING OF STAFF**
The ARF Supervisor is responsible for training of all animal care
personnel working in the Animal Research Facility. This will be done
with the assistance and guidance of the attending veterinarian. Training
will consist of direct hands on training with the ARF supervisor or
veterinarian, the reading and understanding of research policies and ARF
SOPs as well as required web based training on the specific species
housed in the ARF. Continuing education for animal care personnel will
consist of yearly required web based training, research staff training
and attendance at local lab animal meetings or symposiums.
The ARF Supervisor and attending veterinarian must also complete yearly
web based training and attend research staff training sessions. The ARF
supervisor and attending veterinarian will be expected to attend some
lab animal meetings or symposiums as part of their continuing education.
The attending veterinarian provides training twice a year at research
staff meetings.
**7.0 SAFETY AND THE USE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING**
Standard Precautions are used by animal care personnel working in the
ARF and annual training is provided in compliance to these standards.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) sheets are located in room 125 for
all chemical agents used by animal care personnel. There are several
signs in the ARF announcing the location of the MSDS sheets.
There are 3 emergency eyewash stations and 3 emergency shower pull
stations located in the Animal Research Facility. Eyewash stations are
tested weekly by the ARF supervisor and recorded on the card attached to
the eyewash station. Shower stations are tested twice a year by
Engineering Service personnel and recorded on the card attached to the
shower stations.
There are 12 fire extinguishers and 4 fire alarm pull stations in the
ARF. All fire extinguishers and fire pull stations are clearly marked.
All fire extinguishers are checked monthly by the Safety Office. In case
of an emergency, all exit doors are clearly marked.
All ARF research staff must follow the VA's policy on the proper use and
disposal of needles and syringes. Needles are not to be recapped.
Syringes with attached uncapped needles will be dropped into puncture
proof containers for disposal. When containers are full, they are placed
in the hazardous waste area for pick up by EMS personnel. Adequate
animal restraint is used to reduce the chance of accidental needle
sticks. This may involve proper restraining devices and the use of
anesthetics.
The ARF has 5 stationary hoods that may be used for tasks involving
hazardous or dangerous materials. Hoods are certified once a year to
help ensure that they are functioning properly.
All animal care personnel working in the ARF must don clean scrub suits
daily, except under certain circumstances such as non-animal contact
assignments, in which case the technician may wear a full length,
buttoned lab coat over his or her clothing. Dedicated steel toed shoes
are worn by animal care personnel while performing tasks in the ARF.
Additional protective clothing is used by animal care personnel for
various assigned duties. These would include safety eyewear, gloves, ear
protection, respirators, aprons and gowns. Disposable gloves are used
whenever animal contact procedures are done and when handling animal
wastes.
All other research personnel working in the ARF, including visitors must
don full length, buttoned lab coats during their stay in the ARF.
Uniforms used in the ARF are NOT to be worn outside of the facility or
taken home. Laundry facilities are located in the ARF for washing and
drying of all lab coats and scrubs.
Signs are posted throughout the ARF to bring attention to the animal
species that are used in the facility. This is to prevent or reduce the
exposure of individuals who may be allergic to one or more species of
animals in the facility. The signs instruct them to report to the
Personnel Health Unit for further evaluation.
**8.0 WASTE DISPOSAL**
All soiled bedding and refuse are treated as hazardous waste and are
packed in biohazard boxes. The boxes are picked up by EMS personnel
every two weeks and shipped by a hazardous waste company to be
destroyed. Animal carcasses are red bagged and transported in accordance
with regulatory requirements. Animal carcasses are stored in a freezer
in room 137. EMS personnel pick up and box carcasses every two weeks and
a hazardous waste company will ship boxes to be destroyed.
Radioactive wastes are stored in radioactive barrels by the Radiation
Safety Officer and later shipped by the radiation safety officer.
**9.0 PEST CONTROL**
The object of the Animal Research Facility's pest program is to control
arthropods and rodent pests utilizing mechanical control techniques in
conjunction with a sanitation program and minimal application of
approved insecticides if applicable. All chemical pest control
substances must be approved by the attending veterinarian and the ARF
supervisor for animal safety.
The ARF supervisor is responsible for the facility's pest control
program. Rodent pest levels are monitored by examination of the facility
for rodent excrements and chewing on feed bags as well as examination of
sticky traps. Arthropod pests are monitored using roach traps. Traps are
placed in rooms and are counted monthly. The ARF supervisor keeps a
record of these numbers in the ARF office. If a severe case of vermin
infestation is noted in an animal room, the room will be emptied and
exterminated. Currently there are no insecticides used in the ARF.
**10.0 ANIMAL** **PROCUREMENT**
All animal purchases must be approved by the ARF supervisor and the
IACUC Chairperson. The reasons for this are:
A\) Animal care staff must have housing and care available when animals
arrive.
B\) Animal care staff must provide disease surveillance and vaccinations
on arrival.
C\) It ensures that someone is available to receive and provide proper
attention to newly
arrived animals at all times as required by provisions of the Animal
Welfare Act
D\) It ensures that there are an adequate number of animals available
for that particular
Animal Component of Research Protocol (ACORP) in a given study year.
**10.1 Animal Procurement Procedures**
Any laboratory animal used in the Animal Research Facility must be
acquired in accordance with Federal laws, regulations and policy. All
deliveries of live animals must be made directly to the Animal Research
Facility in room 126 unless special arrangements have been made and
approved by the Associate Chief of Staff for Research and Development.
The procedures for ordering animals are as follows:
A) Prior to ordering animals, an email must be sent to the ARF
supervisor and IACUC Chairperson for verification that there is
space available in Animal Research Facility to house the animals
being requested and to confirm that the number of animals requested
are available for use, according to the approved ACORP.
B) The email must contain the number of the approved ACORP.
C) Once a positive response is received from the ARF supervisor and
IACUC Chairperson, the purchase order may be placed. For VA and
Albany Research Institute orders, the purchase order form must
contain the title and number of the approved ACORP. Orders will not
be placed until both authorizations have been obtained. This is
necessary to ensure that there are no deviations from the protocol.
D) If any animals arrive to the Animal Research Facility without prior
approval, they will be refused and returned to the vendor at the
expense of the Principal Investigator. All instances of
non-compliance will be presented to and addressed by the IACUC.
E) After the arrival of approved animals, the ARF supervisor will track
the number of animals for the particular study to ensure that the
study does not exceed the allotted animals according to the ACORP.
**10.2 Approved Venders**
All animal purchases will be made through approved vendors, unless
otherwise noted and approved by the IACUC Committee. The current list of
approved vendors are as follows:
RABBITS -- Millbrook Labs, Harlan and Covance.
RATS -- Harlan, Charles River and Taconic.
MICE -- Charles River, Taconic and Jackson Labs.
GUINEA PIGS -- Charles River and Elm Hill.
**11.0 ANIMAL RECEIVING PROCEDURES**
All deliveries of animals will be through the receiving Room #126. After
animal lab personnel have verified a shipment of animals, they will
notify Research Budget and Fiscal Assistant. After a shipment of animals
has been received, the room and equipment must be disinfected before
receiving additional animals. The technician is responsible for having
all cages of animals identified appropriately. Identification will
include species, strain, date received, weight or age, sex,
investigator, source and protocol number. The U.S.D.A. form will be
verified against the animal numbers for species under the Animal Welfare
Act and will be filed in the Supervisor\'s office. These forms will be
maintained for the period required by law. All incoming animals are to
have a quarantine period, unless animals received are pathogen-free and
from the same source. The length of the quarantine period will vary
depending upon the species, vendor source, and health status of the
animal and will be determined at the time of ordering.
**11.1 Rodents**
Box shipment of rodents will be placed on the table provided in Room
126. The animal lab employee receiving the animals will verify the
accuracy of the shipment before signing the invoice. The boxes
containing the rodents will be taken directly into an available
quarantine room and placed into the appropriate type of cages and
labeled with the following information: Investigator, date received,
birth date, strain, vendor, sex, weight when received and protocol
number. The employee will check rodents for nasal or ocular discharge,
as well as general overall health. The empty shipping boxes will then be
taken directly to the trash dumpster, located directly outside of the
Animal Research Facility. Rodents with an unknown health status will be
quarantined for a minimum of two weeks. Rodents from an approved vendor
source with a known health status will be placed in an existing colony
from the same vendor source. A stabilizing period of five days is
encouraged for those rodents from an approved source.
**11.2 Rabbits**
Rabbits are received in Room 126. Animal lab personnel receiving the
animals will verify the accuracy of the shipment before signing the
invoice. When rabbits are received they will be examined for ear mite
infections, nasal or ocular discharge, diarrhea and skin lesions. The
animal is then weighed. Animals are then taken directly to an available
quarantine room and are placed into the appropriate cage and labeled
with the following information: Investigator, date received, strain,
vendor, sex, weight when received and protocol number. Shipping boxes
are then taken to the trash dumpster, located directly outside of the
Animal Research Facility. Rabbits from the same vendor source may be
placed directly into the animal room or otherwise quarantined in an
available room. Rabbits with an unknown health status will be
quarantined for a minimum of two weeks.
**12.0 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMALS HOUSED IN THE ANIMAL**
**FACILITY**
All animals are to be clearly identified upon receipt of shipment or at
the time of birth. Unique numbers are assigned to animals larger than
rodents.
Methods: All animals are identified by attaching a cage card to the cage
or box. The following information must be supplied on the cage card
where applicable:
1\) Protocol Number 5) Date Received
2\) Investigator\'s Name 6) Species
3\) Source 7) Weight or Age on Arrival
4\) Strain 8) Sex
It is the responsibility of the animal care staff to properly identify
the animals and make sure the identification is legible. It is also
their responsibility that the animals have the proper identification on
them at all times. Any missing identification cards should be reported
to the ARF supervisor as soon as possible.
**12.1 Identification Cards for Animals Being Bred**
Animals that are bred in the facility are identified by an attached cage
card to the cage or box. The following information is required on the
cage card where applicable.
1\) Identification 6) Source
2\) Date of birth 7) Investigator's Name
3\) Number of animals 8) Protocol Number
4\) Parents 9) Date of Receipt
5\) Sex 10) Species and Type
**13.0 ANIMAL HOUSING**
The primary enclosure of a cage or box provides the limits of an
animal's immediate environment, so this area must allow for the normal
physiologic and behavioral needs of the animal, such as urination,
defecation, maintenance of body heat, etc. The housing requirements for
species used in the ARF are as follows:
Mice -- Polycarbonate boxes, at least 7.5"x 11"x 5" with a maximum of
five animals per
box.
Rats -- Polycarbonate boxes, 10.5"x19'x 8' with a maximum of 3 animals
per box.
Rabbits -- Stainless steel or plastic cages with 1 animal per cage.
There must be at least
3 square feet per animal for rabbits weighing less than 4 Kg, at least 5
square
feet per animal weighing over 4 Kg.
Guinea Pigs -- Polycarbonate boxes, 10.5"x19"x 8", with one guinea pig
per box.
**14.0 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENRICHMENT**
Animals housed in the Animal Research Facility require a certain degree
of social interaction and/or enrichment to reduce boredom as well as
encourage healthy and normal habits. When possible, social animals are
housed in groups to stimulate social interaction. In cases where animals
are housed alone, such as in rabbits or guinea pigs, enrichment toys are
used to encourage interaction. Mice, rats and guinea pigs are all given
Nylorbones. Mice are given toys that encourage nesting. Rabbits are
given Jingle Balls as well as Bunny Blocks which they interact with.
**15.0 RABBIT CARE AND FEEDING**
The ARF staff should clearly observe all rabbits in the rooms that they
are assigned. Particularly notice appetite, changes in attitude, amount
and makeup of feces, etc. Any changes should be brought to the attention
of the ARF supervisor, investigator and the veterinarian.
Rabbits are housed in individual cages. The size of the cage is mandated
by the Animal Welfare Act and must be adhered to (see 13.0 above).
If rabbit feed is kept in the animal room it is to be placed in
vermin-proof containers that have tight-fitting lids. Periodically such
containers are to be completely emptied and sanitized. When feed is
placed in these containers, the technician will write the date this is
done and milling date of the feed on a tag, located on the side of the
container.
Pans are changed twice weekly. At the time of changing, clean pans are
covered with about ¼ inch layer of hardwood Sani-Chip Rabbit cages are
changed and sanitized on a two week schedule.
Unless required by experimental protocol rabbits are fed ad libitum a
regular commercial rabbit feed. Feed hoppers are checked daily and
refilled as needed. Water is provided with attached water bottles. Water
must be checked daily to insure adequacy and cleanliness. Water bottles
may be \"topped-off" using the water source within the animal room.
Bottles must be returned to the same cage when \"topping\" them off.
However, water bottles are sanitized at least weekly. Diet is not fed
beyond 180 days after milling date.
When moving rabbits to a new cage, the ID card is first moved to the new
cage followed by the particular animal. This is done to avoid misplacing
or incorrect identifying animals. Caution must be used in handling
rabbits during changing of cages, so that none are injured. The
technician should observe the rabbit for general health, malocclusion,
overgrown nails and signs of ear mites. These problems will be taken
care of by the technician and brought to the attention of the
veterinarian. On a monthly basis, nails are checked or trimmed and
rabbits weighed and weights recorded on the back of the cage card by the
ARF staff. When rabbit cages are changed, the technician must be sure
that the proper cage card is placed on the clean cage.
When the technician has completed servicing the rabbit room, the floor
will be swept and hosed down daily. At least once a week the floor will
be mopped using a clean mop head. The mop water will contain two ounces
per gallon of a quatricide disinfectant added according to the label
directions. Mops, brooms, dustpans, and mop buckets are dedicated to
particular rooms. Trashcans in the rooms are lined with plastic bags and
will be emptied regularly.
Rooms are completely emptied and sanitized every three months using two
ounces per gallon of a quatricide, with the use of a pressure sprayer.
**15.1 Feeding Schedule for Newly Acquired Rabbits**
When newly acquired rabbits are received and placed in their individual
cages, they are not offered food until approximately 24 hours after
receipt. The amount of food is then increased over a five day period,
starting with about 25 grams on day one to about 125 grams by day five.
Water is available ad libitum.
First 24 hours \-\-\--No Food
Day 1 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--25 grams
Day 2 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--50 grams
Day 3 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--100 grams
Day 4 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--125 grams
Day 5 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--125 grams
**16.0 RODENT CARE AND FEEDING**
The animal technician should clearly observe all rodents in rooms for
which they are responsible for with particular attention to: appetite,
changes in attitude, coughing, hair coat etc. Any changes should be
brought to the attention of the ARF supervisor, the investigator and the
veterinarian.
Rodent caging at the Animal Research Facility consists of solid bottom
plastic cages with wire lids. Rodents are normally housed in groups,
unless the protocol deems otherwise. Rats are housed up to three per
cage and mice up to five per cage. The size of the cages are mandated by
the Animal Welfare Act, and must be adhered to. There are some
specialized metabolism cages which may be used on occasion.
If rodent feed is kept in the animal room it is to be placed in
vermin-proof containers that have tight-fitting lids. Periodically such
containers are to be completely emptied and sanitized. When feed is
placed in these containers, the date this is done as well as the milling
date is written on a tag, located on the side of the container A
standard rodent diet will be given ad libitum to all rodents unless a
different feed type or schedule is required by the investigator. Feed
hoppers will be checked daily and filled as necessary. Diet is not fed
beyond 180 days of milling date.
Water will be provided [ad 1ibitum]{.underline} unless another schedule
is required by the investigator. Water will be checked daily. Pint
bottles will be used for all rodent cages. When rodents are housed in
plastic cages care must be taken to insure that sipper tubes are long
enough, and no curved sipper tubes are used.
Water bottles may be topped off using the water source within the animal
room. Topped off bottles must be returned to the same cage. All water
bottles must be changed and sanitized at least once weekly for mice and
rats..
Plastic boxes will have approximately 1/2\" layer of Care-Fresh placed
in the bottom of the boxes. Boxes used for rats will be changed twice
weekly and for mice once per week Wire lids are sanitized weekly. Racks
holding rodent boxes are to be sanitized once every two weeks.
Ventilated racks are changed and sanitized on a monthly basis.
When changing cages, first remove the ID card from the dirty cage and
place it on the clean cage. Then remove the rodents and place them into
the clean cage. This is done to avoid misplacing or incorrectly
identifying the animals. When plastic cages are changed, the wire lids
may be transferred from one cage to the next, but at least once every
week the lids should be changed and sanitized. When rodents are
transferred from one cage to another, they should be observed closely
for any abnormality.
Every day after each room has been checked and serviced, the rooms will
be swept once a week or daily as a on needed basis. The floor will be
mopped at least weekly using a clean mop head. The mop water will
include two ounces per gallon of a quatricide disinfectant added
according to label instructions. Mops, brooms, dustpans, and mop buckets
are dedicated to individual rooms. Trash cans in rooms will be lined
with plastic bags and emptied regularly.
Rooms are completely emptied and sanitized every three months using two
ounces per gallon of a quatricide disinfectant with the use of a
pressure sprayer.
**17.0 GUINEA PIG CARE AND FEEDING**
The animal technician should clearly observe all the Guinea Pigs in the
rooms for that they are responsible for with particular attention to
changes in appetite, hair coat, activity and vocalization. Guinea Pigs
are housed individually in solid bottom cages with wire lids. The cage
size is mandated by the Animal Welfare Act, and must be adhered to (See
13.0 above).
Guinea Pig boxes are changed three times a week. Cages will have
approximately ½ inch of Care Fresh placed in the bottom. To change
Guinea Pigs cages, first remove the ID card from the old cage and place
it on the clean cage, followed by the movement of the Guinea Pig to the
new cage. This is done to avoid misplacing or incorrectly identifying
the animals. Wire lids are changed and sanitized weekly. Racks holding
cages are changed every other week.
Guinea Pigs are fed a standard guinea pig diet ad libitum in stainless
steel feeders. The feeders are changed weekly and sanitized. Each feeder
is completely filled at each feeding. If Guinea Pig feed is kept in the
animal room, it is to be placed in vermin-proof containers that have
tight fitting lids. Periodically such containers will be emptied and
sanitized. When feed is placed in containers, the date this is done as
well as the milling date is written on a tag located on the side of the
container. Diet is not fed beyond 90 days from milling date.
Water bottles are changed and sanitized daily. Topping off of Guinea Pig
bottles is not permitted.
Each day, after a room has been checked and serviced, the floor will be
swept. The floor will be mopped at least twice weekly, using a clean mop
head. The mop water will contain two ounces per gallon of a quatricide
disinfectant added according to label instructions. Mops, brooms,
dustpans and mop buckets are dedicated to individual rooms. Trash cans
are lined with plastic bags and are emptied regularly.
Rooms are completely emptied and sanitized every three months using two
ounces per gallon of a quatricide disinfectant with the use of a
pressure sprayer.
**18.0 RECOMMENDED RELATIVE HUMIDITY, DRY-BULB**
**TEMPERATURE for COMMON LABORATORY ANIMALS**
> Relative Dry-Bulb Temperature
Animal Humidity(%) °C °F
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Mouse 30-70 18-26 64.4-78.8
Rat 30-70 18-26 64.4-78.8
Hamster 30-70 18-26 64.4-78.8
Guinea pig 30-70 18-26 64.4-78.8
Rabbit 30-70 16-21 60.8-72.0
**18.1 Temperature and Light Monitoring Of The Animal Rooms**
Monitoring of the animal room environment is an essential tool for
controlling the environment.
High, low, and present temperatures (Fahrenheit) of each animal room are
recorded daily. Min/Max thermometers are to be used for monitoring. The
temperatures over the previous 24 hours should be recorded during the
same time period each day. The time of the recording is noted. In
addition, Data Loggers are used in the facility to spot check
temperature, humidity and light cycles in specific rooms and generate
reports of this activity. The Data Log System is a computer based
software system that uses satellite sensors that are placed in animal
rooms for a determined period. These sensors take environmental readings
at pre-determined time intervals and store this information. Afterwards,
the sensor is connected to a special adaptor in the computer located in
the ARF Supervisor's Office. The environmental data is then
electronically processed in the computer and a report is generated of
the continuous temperature, humidity and light cycles in the room for
that period. Temperatures recorded outside the ranges listed above for
the various species must be reported to the Engineering Service. Monthly
reports must be on file in facility office and available for review upon
request.
A 12-hour light, 12-hour dark cycle is maintained unless otherwise
requested by the investigator.
**18.2 Animal Room Environmental Logs**
Current animal room environmental records are maintained in each animal
room. It is a check list for the technician assigned to the room to
complete daily. The log consists of columns for the technician to mark
off the critical elements of daily husbandry, such as feeding and
watering have been done. There is an additional area to record the high,
low, and present temperatures and humidity. Time, date and the
technician's initials are recorded on the log after the work is
completed. Completed animal room environmental records are maintained in
the Animal Research Facility office for at least three years.
3. **Room Activity Log**
Current room activity logs are maintained in each animal room. It
consists of a check list for the technician assigned to each room to be
filled out daily. There are columns to check off for the cleaning of
sinks, feed barrels, floors and surfaces, the changing of animal pans,
boxes and cages and room sanitation. The technician will initial the
room activity log after completion of duties in the room. Completed room
activity records are maintained in the Animal Research Facility office
for at least three years.
**19.0 HANDLING SICK, DEAD, ESCAPED OR UNIDENTIFIED ANIMALS**
Animal Technicians are to observe their assigned animals for signs of
disease or abnormal behavior at the beginning of each workday. If any
animal is appears to be sick or dead, or has escaped or is unidentified
the following steps should be taken for each respective situation.
**19.1 Sick Animals**
A sick animal report sheet will be filled out with the date, time,
species, animal ID, room number, cage location, investigator and
symptoms. The ARF supervisor will be notified and will check the animal.
The investigator and the staff veterinarian will then be notified. The
name of the person notified will be recorded. Only in exceptional cases
will the Veterinarian institute treatment without investigator
knowledge. All observations, medications, and treatments given will be
recorded on the sick animal report sheet and will be reviewed by the
veterinarian.
**19.2 Dead Animals**
A dead animal report will be filled out with the date, time, species,
animal ID, room number, cage location, investigator and date arrived.
The ARF supervisor and the veterinarian will be notified, as well as the
investigator. Upon request of investigator, dead animals will be
necropsied by the veterinarian or the ARF Supervisor. All necropsy
findings, as well as possible cause of death, will be recorded on the
dead animal report and reviewed by the veterinarian.
Dead animals will be stored in the carcass freezer located in room 137
of the Animal Research Facility. EMS personnel will pick up and box the
carcasses every two weeks and a hazardous waste company will ship boxes
to be destroyed.
**19.3 Escaped or Unidentified Animals**
Animals do escape from their cages. If such an animal is found free or
unidentified in a room, it will be placed in a new cage and identified
as "FOUND." Each investigator with animals in that room will be notified
in writing. Unclaimed animals will be euthanized 7 days after they are
found. Escaped animals found by investigators or staff should not be
placed in any cage except an empty cage. If an animal is found loose,
the ARF supervisor must be notified.
**20.0 ANIMAL ROOM SANITATION**
**20.1 Rabbit Rooms**
Rooms are swept and hosed down daily during the week. The rooms are
mopped weekly with two ounces per gallon of quatricide using a freshly
laundered mop. Every three months, rabbit rooms are completely emptied
and all walls, floors, and fixtures are sanitized using two ounces of a
quatricide disinfectant with the use of a pressure sprayer.
**20.2 Rat and Mouse Rooms**
Rooms are swept daily as needed but at least once weekly. The rooms are
mopped weekly with two ounces per gallon of a quatricide, using a
freshly laundered mop. Every three months, rat & mouse rooms are
completely emptied and all walls, floors and fixtures are sanitized
using two ounces of a quatricide disinfectant, with the use of a
pressure sprayer.
**20.3 Guinea Pig Rooms**
Rooms are swept daily and mopped twice weekly with two ounces per gallon
of a quatricide disinfectant using a freshly laundered mop. Every three
months, all guinea pig rooms are completely emptied and all walls,
floors and fixtures are sanitized with two ounces per gallon of a
quatricide disinfectant with the use of a pressure sprayer.
**20.4 Mopping Procedures**
2 ounces per gallon of a quatricide is applied to the floors of the room
and left for ten minutes. The mop is rinsed of detergents and the floor
is wet-mopped with fresh water.
**20.5 Room Breakdown**
For rodent and rabbit housing rooms, once every three months, all
animals dedicated implements and feed barrels are removed. All surfaces
are cleaned with two ounces of a quatricide disinfectant with the use of
a pressure sprayer and then rinsed with water.
**20.6 HVAC Filters**
For rodent housing rooms, filters are changed at least once a month by
EMS personnel.
For rabbit housing rooms, filters are changed at least twice monthly by
EMS personnel.
**21.0 EQUIPMENT WASHING**
The operations in Room #132, the ARF wash room, cover the cleaning of
most non-surgical equipment including cages, pans, boxes, water bottles,
etc. The room is operated for dirty items while clean items are placed
in the clean cage storage area.
At the start of operations the fan hood in the rack washing area is
started. This ensures a proper airflow pattern. Dirty items are to be
brought into the room only through the double door at the corridor C-50
(South Corridor)
**21.1 Machine Operations**
Most non-sterile equipment is sanitized in a Northstar R620 Cage & Rack
washer, located in room 132. It is a floor-mounted, stainless steel,
single door unit with a 6 foot ramp for loading and unloading large
animal cages and racks. Its rotary spray design is also capable of
cleaning boxes, bottles and utensils used in the care and housing of
research animals. All operations are programmed by computer and the user
only needs to turn the machine on and select pre-set wash and rinse
cycles. There is also an acid cycle used for the removal of urine scale.
The detergent used for the rack washer is Alka Det2 and for scale
removal, Acid Power is used. Both products are manufactured by Pharmacal
Research.
The cage and rack washer has scheduled maintenance quarterly from an
outside company, LBR Scientific. Records of all work performed on the
washer are kept in the ARF Office.
Temperature strips are used to verify that the water temperature reaches
the required 180 degrees. They are attached to an item being washed
during each use of the machine. These strips are placed on monthly
calendars and are on file in the ARF Office.
Every two weeks, the rack washer screens are taken out and cleaned of
debris by the ARF staff. This is done by removing the slotted stainless
steel floor panels of the machine and then removing the four wire mesh
screens located underneath. These screens are hosed down in the washroom
of all debris and replaced in the rack washer.
**21.2 Cage & Rack Washing**
Dirty items to be sanitized are brought into the washroom corridor C-50
(South Corridor). Pans and boxes containing dirty bedding are dumped
into infectious waste boxes located under the fan hood, near the C-50
corridor. Cages and racks are then pushed into the washer via solid 6
foot ramp. Boxes, pans, bottles and utensils can also be loaded on
special racks and then placed in the washer. At this time, the
temperature strip is placed on an item in the washer. The technician,
after closing the stainless steel door, will select which wash and rinse
cycles that are needed to sanitize the items inside. The different
cycles used in various equipment cleaning are clearly displayed on the
control panel of the rack washer. The start button is then pressed for
the machine to start filling and the cycles to begin. When items in the
washer are finished, the technician will unload the machine and take the
clean material out of the north end washroom door into the clean cage
area of the facility. Equipment is dried and stored in this area. Boxes
and pans are filled with bedding there as well.
Technicians are supplied with safety equipment such as gloves, eyewear,
steel toed shoes, ear protection and aprons for use while working in the
washroom.
Boxes containing soiled bedding are picked up by EMS personnel and then
transported by a waste removal company for disposal. New boxes for
soiled bedding are made on site as needed.
At the end of each day, the following shall be accomplished:
1\. The power switch is turned off on the Cage and Rack washer.
2\. The floor will be wet down, detergent put on floor and the floor
brushed down. The
floor is then hosed down completely.
3\. All floor drains will be emptied of debris daily.
4\. No dirty equipment should be left overnight unless absolutely
necessary. This is to
prevent vermin infestation. When equipment is left overnight it may be
stored in the
\"dirty\" end of the washroom and the washroom doors are closed
5\. The exhaust fan will be shut off at the end of the day, unless there
is dirty equipment in
the washroom.
6\. Microbial evaluation will be done monthly by randomly sampling
equipment taken out
of the rack washer.. A sterile culture swab is used for sampling and
then brought to the
VA Microbiology Lab for testing.
**22.0 FEED AND BEDDING HANDLING, STORAGE AND PREPARATION**
Standard animal diets and bedding will be purchased from known suppliers
using regular VA purchase procedures. The types of diets and bedding
used will be recommended by the ARF supervisor and approved by the
consulting veterinarian. Orders will be placed with Supply Service early
enough that feed and bedding are always available.
Our standard diets and bedding are currently being purchased from
Scott's Distributing Inc., Hudson, NH. Rabbit, rodent and guinea pig
feeds are Purina Pro-Lab diets. Contact bedding is Presspak Care Fresh.
Non-contact bedding is Hardwood Sani-Chips.
Special diets and ingredients for diets will be ordered by the
responsible investigator after discussion with the ARF supervisor and
consulting veterinarian. ARF personnel should keep the investigator
informed concerning the amounts on hand and the need to reorder.
Particular attention should be paid to feeds or ingredients ordered
through Albany Medical College or Albany College of Pharmacy to allow
adequate time for delivery.
All feed, bedding and ingredients will be received through the receiving
foyer, Room #126. Items will be checked against the Purchase Order for
completeness. Damage will be noted and feed and/or bedding delivered in
damaged containers will not be accepted. Signs of contamination or
spoilage will be checked and dated items will be verified to assure
currency.
Bulk animal feed and bedding will be placed in Room #141, stored in the
original sacks, bags, etc. Feed will be rotated to assure freshness.
Feed not date coded will have the date of receipt written on the bag.
Ingredients for diets which need to be refrigerated will be placed in
the refrigerator in Room #139, or other refrigerator space as available.
Care must be taken that such ingredients are not stored with materials
that could cause contamination of the ingredients.
Feed may be transferred into bins or cans when available and these may
be kept in the animal room. The containers should always be kept tightly
closed to prevent vermin infestation and periodically the container
should be emptied and cleaned. These containers will not be transferred
from room to room, and when the original bag is not in the container,
the type of feed will be identified on the top of the container lid. The
milling date and date the feed is placed in the container will be
plainly marked on the tag located on the side of the container
If ARF personnel are to prepare diet for investigators, it will be the
responsibility of the investigator to request such service in advance,
and instruct ARF personnel in the proper preparation of the diet.
**23.0 SEMI-ANNUAL SEROLOGY TESTING ON RATS & MICE**
Health monitoring and serology testing are done on mice and rats housed
in the ARF twice a year by the ARF supervisor. Virus-antibody free (V
AF/Plus) animals are placed in the same room as the appropriate research
animals for at least six weeks and then are anesthetized, bled (via
cardiac puncture) and sacrificed. The blood is then allowed to separate
and the serum is sent to Charles River Laboratories for determination of
the presence of any viruses, mycoplasmas or bacteria that have been
contracted from research animals. At that time, fecal flotations and
skin samples will also be taken from the sentinel animals to check for
internal and external parasites by the attending veterinarian or ARF
supervisor. After the results are forwarded to the Animal Research
Facility, the ARF supervisor will prepare a report for the attending
veterinarian, who will evaluate the report and take whatever steps
necessary to ensure the proper health status of animals in the facility.
During the six-week period, the sentinel animals will have contact with
the dirty bedding or where possible be housed directly in the same cages
as the research animals.
The sentinel animals will be anesthetized with Ketamine
(9Omgikg)/Xylazine (10mgikg) mixture until they reach a surgical plane
of anesthesia. After blood is collected via cardiac puncture, euthanasia
is achieved by an overdose of Ketamine/Xylazine. The blood is allowed to
coagulate at room temperature and is then centrifuged at 2000-3000 RPMs
for 15 minutes. The samples are then measured and diluted with
Phosphorate Buffered Saline (PBS) by mixing 1 part of serum to 4 parts
PBS. The samples are then packed in dry ice and shipped via overnight
service to Charles River Labs.
The number of animals used for monitoring purposes shall be no less than
12 mice and 10 rats per year and will be broken up into 2 groups, six
months apart. The numbers will depend on the number of animals being
housed and the number of rooms currently in use. A range of 1 sentinel
animal per 8 to 10 research animals will be used. Upon the
recommendation of the attending veterinarian, these numbers may be
altered based on the serology reports, visible signs of infection or
other health issues involving the Animals Research Facility.
The type and strain of sentinel animals will be as follows:
Mice: Swiss Webster, 13-15 grams, male and female, age range of 6 months
plus.
The vendor will be Charles River Labs.
Rats: Sprague Dawley (CD) 175-200 grams, male and female, age range of 6
months plus. The vendor will be Charles River Labs.
This procedure is required in order to maintain a high quality animal
care program and healthy animals.
**24.0 EUTHANASIA**
Euthanasia of animals used in the Animal Research Facility must be
performed in a manner that minimizes stress and discomfort to the
animals as well as reducing the undue distress to the persons performing
this task. All methods of euthanasia follow the recommendations of the
AVMA panel on euthanasia and any exception to these recommendations must
be project-specific, based on scientific necessity and require advanced
approval from the IACUC committee. The veterinarian, ARF supervisor and
trained animal care staff can carry out euthanasia procedures.
Investigators and their staff will have prior training and/or experience
verified by the IACUC upon review of the ACORP. If not, they must
consult the veterinarian prior to the procedure.
**24.1 Approved Methods of Euthanasia for Mice, Rats and Guinea Pigs**
A\) Carbon dioxide inhalation.
B\) Cervical dislocation under anesthesia for mice and small rats.
C\) Decapitation of anesthetized animal.
D\) General anesthesia followed by causation of death without regaining
consciousness
with the administration of barbiturate euthanasia solution.
E\) Intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital at 3x the anesthetic
dose.
**24.2 Approved Methods of Euthanasia for Rabbits**
A\) Carbon dioxide inhalation with prior sedation.
B\) General anesthesia followed by causation of death without regaining
consciousness
with the administration of barbiturate euthanasia solution.
The use of carbon dioxide, compressed CO2 in cylinders, will be the only
source of CO2 used for euthanasia purposes. Death must be verified by
the person administrating the euthanasia prior to disposal of the
animal.
**25.0 SURVIVAL RODENT SURGERY**
Survival surgery on rodents does not require a special facility, but
must be performed using sterile instruments, surgical gloves, and
aseptic procedures to prevent clinical infections.
Instruments are to be sterilized by use of a cold sterilant (solutions
containing gluteraldhyde) or by autoclaving with steam or ethylene
oxide.
Surgical procedures will be performed in a designated area. The area
should not be cluttered to allow for easy cleaning. The area should be
cleaned prior to the procedure, as well as after completion of the
surgical procedure with a quaternary ammonia solution or other
equivalent solutions by the investigators or their technical staff.
The operative site on the animal should be prepared for surgery in order
to remove as many bacteria as possible without harming the skin or
interfering with wound healing. Skin cannot be sterilized; however,
bacteria can be reduced to a relatively safe level for surgery by
removal of hair, mechanical scrubbing, and the effective use of surgical
scrub and germicidal solutions. Hair removal may not always be necessary
dependant upon species or surgical site.
Hair should be clipped well beyond the margins of the incision. If the
animal is cooperative, the hair can be removed prior to anesthesia. A
number 40 clipper blade will remove most hair satisfactorily. If
additional hair needs to be removed, moisten the area with a soap
solution and shave with a straight razor. Hair can be removed close to
the skin when clipped in a direction opposite to that in which it grows.
The clipper blade should be checked prior to use for broken teeth, as
these cut and abrade the skin. The blade should be held flat and not
used in a raking motion, as this can injure the skin. Occasionally, the
blade will become hot, and it should be checked frequently to prevent
clipper burns. When the hair has been removed, the animal should be
thoroughly cleaned of loose hair.
A selection of compatible scrub and germicidal solutions is important to
achieve maximum effectiveness. The limitations of the solutions need to
be recognized. Alcohol solutions are not effective against bacterial
spores. A commonly used surgical scrub and germicidal solution
combination is povidone-iodine and 70 percent ethyl alcohol.
Povidone-iodine scrub should be applied with friction, followed by a
thorough rinsing with warm water. A more thorough preparation should be
performed after the animal is positioned on the operating table. The
surgical preparation should begin at the incision line and in a circular
motion proceed outward toward the periphery.
Discard the sponge when reaching the periphery or when either hair or
rectum has been touched. Alternate surgical scrub and germicidal
solutions at least three times and until the sponge with germicidal
solution remains clean after prepping. The last application of germicide
should be allowed to dry on the operative site for maximum
effectiveness.
The animal should be draped by the surgeon after gloving using sterile
technique. Draping should be done prior to instrument arrangement.
**25.1 Preparations of the Surgeon**
The objective of any scrub is to remove as many bacteria as possible by
mechanical scrubbing and the use of chemical antiseptics without harming
the skin. Many techniques are used so that every surface from the nails
to the elbow is thoroughly scrubbed.. The time and number of brush
strokes may vary depending on previous scrubs and on the type of
solutions used. Scrubbing times of 5 to 15 minutes and 10 to 20 brush
strokes per surface have been advocated. The combination of scrubbing
time and thorough brush strokes is the key to an effective surgical
scrub. A guideline for the thoroughness is 10 minutes or 10 brush
strokes per surface. Each scrub will include two scrubs and two rinses.
Fingernails should be short and free of nail polish. Rings and jewelry
should be removed. The scrub begins with a general soaping and rinsing
with warm water. The nails should be cleaned with a disposable nail
pick. The hands should be held higher than the elbows to prevent
contamination from water running off the elbows and dripping onto the
hands.
Skin surfaces should be scrubbed in a definite pattern of strokes in
order to reach all surfaces. Start the scrub at the fingertips,
proceeding to the surfaces of the fingers, the palms, the top of the
hands, and then to the arm surfaces. After one scrub is complete, the
hands and arms should be thoroughly rinsed. Discard the brush and
acquire a new one for the second scrub. The process is then repeated.
Drying the hands and forearms is necessary to prevent moisture from
becoming a possible source of contamination. Gloves can be donned more
easily with dried surfaces. Toweling should start at the fingers, then
proceed to the hand, and with a twist motion, dry the wrist and forearm
up to the elbow. It is important that a clean portion of the towel be
used for each section (i.e., right hand and arm, left hand and arm).
**25.2 Gloving**
Before gloving, lubricants can be applied to the hands to allow gloves
to slide on more easily. Powders have been replaced by gloving cream in
an effort to minimize dust particles in the operating room.
Gloves that are commercially pre-powdered, making additional lubricants
unnecessary, may be used. The outside of the gloves should not be
touched during the gloving.
**26.0 ASEPTIC SURVIVAL SURGERY IN ANIMALS OTHER THAN**
## RODENTS
**26.1 Patient Preparation**
The surgical patient should be prepared for surgery by withholding food
for at least 12 hours prior to surgery. Water should be allowed until
preoperative medication is given. Prophylactic antibiotics may be
required in a patient that has a risk of infection.
**26.2 Cleaning & Disinfection of the Operating Room & Its Equipment**
Each morning prior to surgery, the operating room should be damp dusted
with a 2 percent a quatricide solution. Walls, table surfaces, kick
buckets, chairs, and surgery lights should regularly receive, depending
on surgery schedule, a thorough disinfection. The surgery lights should
not be overlooked. Their positioning directly over the surgical field
can be a prime source of contamination. Wheels of equipment and various
foot pedals (i.e., power equipment suction, electro-surgical unit)
should be cleaned and disinfected. Places such as door ledges, cabinet
tops, towel dispensers, view boxes, and the underside of equipment
should not be overlooked.
Equipment such as the heating pad, the ECG, and the suction unit should
be
checked and ready for use. Instrument packs and supplies should be
assembled. A wheeled cart can be used for transporting packs and
supplies if they are stored outside the operating room.
Soiled instruments and discarded materials should be promptly removed
from the operating room. Tables, kick buckets, stands and heating pads
should be cleaned and disinfected after each case. Suction tubing and
bottles should be replaced with clean units. The floors should be mopped
with a 2 percent a quatricide solution.
All furniture and equipment in the operating room should be moved at the
end of the day for cleaning and disinfecting. A mop and bucket should be
reserved for the operating room and marked \"surgery only.\" The mop
should be cleaned and disinfected daily by being laundered or soaked in
a clean disinfectant for 30 minutes. Dry mopping, sweeping, and dry
dusting should not be done in the operating room as they tend to
increase air currents and the spread of organisms. After surgery, the
scrub sinks should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to remove oily
deposits that are left by the scrubbing process. The soap dispensers and
foot pedals should also be included in the cleaning and disinfecting
procedure. If the scrub brushes are reusable, they should be cleaned and
re-sterilized.
Monthly: Sterile supplies should be dated at the time of sterilization,
and this dating should be inventoried each month. All cloth or paper
articles are double wrapped and considered sterile for one month.
Articles in heat-sealed plastic are considered sterile for one year.
**26.3 Operating Room**
The operating room is an area of utmost cleanliness and constant effort
is required in maintaining asepsis. As persons entering the operating
room are potential sources of contamination, policies regulating attire
must be maintained. Surgical caps and masks must be worn whether surgery
is being performed or not. Cleanliness and good personal hygiene should
be habits of everyone who enters the operating room.
Visitors should be given clean observation gowns and disposable shoe
covers to be worn over their street clothes and shoes. Outer articles of
clothing, without additional gowns, should not be permitted in the
operating room.
The clothing of operating room personnel should be simple in design and
comfortable. Scrub tops and pants or scrub dresses are acceptable;
however, tops should be tucked in and dresses should fit closely. Loose
clothing can accidentally touch sterile surfaces. Cotton clothing is
preferred over silk, nylon, or other synthetics because of the explosive
hazard created by static electricity. Light blue, jade green, or misty
green colors produce less glare than white. If a separate pair of shoes
for surgery is impractical, shoe covers should be worn. All shoes must
be cleaned of blood and debris daily.
All hair must be covered. The type of hat worn is determined by the
amount of hair that needs to be covered. Those with short hair may wear
the standard cap. Others with fuller and longer hair should wear the
bouffant hat. Beards and sideburns can be effectively covered by
surgeon\'s hood.
A properly applied mask should fit snugly around the nose and chin.
Loosely fitting or improperly worn masks are of little value in
preventing exhaled organisms from entering the operating room. The mask
should be comfortable and easy to breathe through. Coughing, sneezing,
and talking increase moisture in the mask, and moisture decreases the
filtration of organisms and allows their escape into the operating room.
A moist mask is ineffective and must be replaced by a dry one.
The operative site should be prepared for surgery in order to remove as
many bacteria as possible without harming the skin or interfering with
wound healing. Skin cannot be sterilized; however, bacteria can be
reduced to a relatively safe level for surgery by removal of hair,
mechanical scrubbing, and the effective use of surgical scrub and
germicidal solutions. The best solution and technique remain
controversial. Hair removal and skin preparation should take place in
the designated animal preparation area.
Hair should be clipped well beyond the margins of the incision. If the
animal is cooperative, the hair can be removed prior to anesthesia. A
number 40 clipper blade will remove most hair satisfactorily. If
additional hair needs to be removed, moisten the area with a soap
solution and shave with a straight razor. Hair can be removed close to
the skin when clipped in a direction opposite to that in which it grows.
The clipper blade should be checked prior to use for broken teeth, as
these cut and abrade the skin. The blade should be held flat and not
used in a raking motion, as this can injure the skin. Occasionally, the
blade will become hot, and it should be checked frequently to prevent
clipper burns. When the hair has been removed, the animal should be
thoroughly vacuumed.
A selection of compatible scrub and germicidal solutions is important to
achieve maximum effectiveness. The limitations of the solutions need to
be recognized. For example, hexachlorophene loses its effectiveness when
regular soap or alcohol is applied afterwards. A commonly used surgical
scrub and germicidal solution combination is povidone-iodine and 70
percent ethyl alcohol.
The initial cleansing of the operative site should take place outside
the operating room.
Povidone-iodine scrub should be applied with friction, followed by a
thorough rinsing with warm water. A more thorough preparation should be
performed after the animal is positioned on the operating table. The
preparation solutions should be applied with sterile gloves or sterile
sponge forceps. The surgical preparation should begin at the incision
line and in a circular motion proceeding outward toward the periphery.
Discard the sponge when reaching the periphery or when either hair or
rectum has been touched. Alternate surgical scrub and germicidal
solutions at least three times and until the sponge with germicidal
solution remains clean after prepping. The last application of germicide
should be allowed to dry on the operative site for maximum
effectiveness.
The patient is draped by the surgeon after scrubbing, gowning, and
gloving. The patient should be draped prior to other preparation
responsibilities (i.e. arranging instruments, accepting sterile
supplies, etc.) in order to prepare a sterile field in which to work.
This prevents contamination of the gown by brushing up against the
non-sterile table edge.
The fenestrated drape should be large enough to cover the table and the
opening should be slightly larger than the length of the incision. A
single drape is unfolded and, by looking through the opening, is placed
directly over the incision site. Regardless of the method used, drapes
should never be dragged to the incision site. In four comer draping,
four drapes are applied with a double thickness of about 10 inches
toward the line of incision, with two drapes parallel to the patient and
two perpendicular to the patient. The first and second drape should be
placed parallel to the patient with the first drape applied closest to
the person draping in. A towel clamp may be used to temporarily secure
the drape to the patient. The third drape should be placed perpendicular
and cranial to the patient and secured with towel clamps. The fourth
drape should be placed perpendicular and caudal to the patient with the
end of the drape connecting to the Mayo stand. Towel clamps should be
used to secure the fourth drape to the patient and the Mayo stand.
**26.4 Preparations of the Surgical Team**
The objective of any scrub is to remove as many bacteria as possible by
mechanical scrubbing and the use of chemical antiseptics without harming
the skin. Many techniques are used so that every surface from the nails
to the elbow is thoroughly scrubbed.
**26.5 Technique**
The technique for a complete surgical scrub remains controversial. The
time and number of brush strokes may vary depending on previous scrubs
and on the type of solutions used. Scrubbing times of 5 to 15 minutes
and 10 to 20 brush strokes per surface have been advocated. The
combination of scrubbing time and thorough brush strokes is the key to
an effective surgical scrub. A guideline for the thoroughness is 10
minutes or 10 brush strokes per surface. Each scrub, however, should
include two scrubs and rinses.
Fingernails should be short and free of nail polish. Rings and jewelry
should be removed. The scrub begins with a general soaping and rinsing
with warm water. The nails should be cleaned with a disposable nail
pick. The hands should be held higher than the elbows to prevent
contamination from water running off the elbows and dripping onto the
hands. The scrub suit top should be tucked in and the body bent slightly
at the waist to allow dripping to run off into the sink and not onto the
scrub suit.
Skin surfaces should be scrubbed in a definite pattern of strokes in
order to reach all surfaces. Start the scrub at the fingertips,
proceeding to the surfaces of the fingers, the palms, the top of the
hands, and then to the arm surfaces. After one scrub is complete, the
hands and arms should be thoroughly rinsed. Discard the brush and
acquire a new one for the second scrub. The process is then repeated.
**26.6 Toweling**
Drying the hands and forearms is necessary to prevent moisture from
penetrating the gown and becoming a possible source of contamination.
Gloves can be donned more easily with dried surfaces. The towel should
be grasped at the top and allowed to unfold. The body should be bent at
the waist to prevent the loose end of the sterile towel from brushing
against the scrub suit. Toweling should start at the fingers, then
proceed to the hand, and with a twist motion, dry the wrist and forearm
up to the elbow. The dried hand should grasp the free end of the towel
and proceed to dry the opposite hand and arm. It is important that a
clean portion of the towel be used for each section (i.e., right hand
and arm and left hand and arm).
**26.7 Gowning**
The sterile gown should be opened prior to scrubbing by the surgeon or
other operating team members. The gown should be fan folded with the
inside facing outward. The entire gown should be grasped by holding the
inside edge of the neckband and allowed to unfold. Care should be taken
to prevent contamination of the gown by brushing against the counter
edge or other non-sterile objects. The hands should now be slipped into
the armholes in a upward motion. Avoid standing too close to the counter
edge or near a wall, as the sleeve edges and gown front could easily be
contaminated. Once the gown has been slipped on, it should be tied at
the neck by an assistant.
**26.8 Gloving (Closed Method)**
Closed method gloving reduces the potential for contamination, because
the bare hands never touch the gloves or gown sleeve edge. Before
gloving, lubricants can be applied to the hands to allow gloves to slide
on more easily. Powders have been replaced by gloving cream in an effort
to minimize dust particles in the operating room. Gloves are
commercially pre-powdered to make additional lubricants unnecessary.
Bare hands do not touch the gloves or the gown. Therefore, when gowning
do not allow fingers to go beyond the sleeve edge but pick up the right
glove through the gown with left hand. Place right glove on the arm with
the fingers pointing toward the shoulder and the thumb down. Through the
gown, use fingers to spread the cuff of the glove around the entire
right gown sleeve edge. Pull cuff back over sleeve edge. Slide hand into
glove by grasping the gown and pulling back. Repeat for the left glove.
**26.9 Post Operative Care**
It is the responsibility of the investigator to assure appropriate
post-surgical care of animals. Special post surgical care arrangements
can be made in advance with the veterinary technical service staff. This
care includes such procedures as maintenance of adequate fluid balance,
administration of antibiotics, analgesics, or other drugs whenever
indicated, the recording of rectal temperature, respiration rate and
pulse rate, and care of the surgical incisions, emergency treatment, and
similar clinical procedures. The duration of the post-surgical care will
vary with the type of surgery performed and the condition of the animal,
but it must be provided whenever it is needed, day or night.
Post-operative care should include the following items:
a\. Pulse and respiration determined every 5 minutes until the animal is
extubated.
b\. Pulse and respiration every 10 minutes until animal is sternal.
c\. Body temperature every 30 minutes until animal is standing.
d\. Extubation once swallowing reflex has returned and when there is no
longer a need
for either ventilatory support or oxygen administration.
e\. To reduce hypostatic congestion animals should be turned every 30
minutes, unless
this manipulation is contraindicated by the surgical procedure.
f\. Post-operative medications:
1.) continuation of fluids and antibiotic therapy where indicated.
2.) animals will be given analgesics routinely until there are no signs
of any
discomfort or obvious pain.
g\. Records should contain the above information, and should indicate
food and water
intake, urination, defecation, and care of the surgical wound. Standard
post-operative
records forms provided by the ARF should be used. Records of
post-operative care
must be maintained and should be available for inspection if necessary.
Post-operative
records must become affixed to the animal\'s clinical record sheet and
returned to the
ARF upon termination of the animal.
h\. Clinical observations must be recorded daily until sutures are
removed or animal is
fully recovered from the operation. i. Post-operative record keeping is
done by the Principal Investigator and/or the
technician. The records of surgery and post-operative surgery are
located in the ARF
supervisor\'s office
**27.0 REFERENCES**
**27.1 VHA Handbook 1200.7 (May 27, 2005)**
**27.2 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (copyright
2002)**
**ADDENDUM A -- Controlled Substance Procedures in the ARF**
#
#
# **CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE PROCEDURES**
# **IN THE ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITY (ARF)**
**1. RESPONSIBILITIES**
> Controlled Substances (Schedules I-V, as defined in 21 USC Sec. 812 of
> 22 January 2002) may be used for animal research. They must be stored
> in a double-locked cabinet in Room 121 of the Animal Research Facility
> (ARF). The supervisor of the ARF or designee will have access to the
> cabinet and dispense all controlled substances.
>
> a\. The Associate Chief of Staff for Research (ACOS/R) or designee is
> responsible for ensuring compliance with the controlled substance
> procedures for animal research.
b. Each dispensed controlled substance has a corresponding green sheet
(VA form 10-2638) that is issued by Pharmacy Service. It must be
used to record usage of the drug. Once a day, at the end of his tour
of duty, the ARF supervisor will inventory all controlled substances
in the cabinet and check the drugs dispensed and the corresponding
green sheets for accuracy.
c. When the ARF supervisor is unavailable, the ACOS/R and
Administrative Officer for Research (AO/R) will have access to the
keys, will dispense drugs according to the procedure outlined below,
and will do shift counts. An Alcoholics and Narcotics Inventory and
Certification Record Sheet (VA Form 10-1043) is then signed
certifying the accuracy of the contents in the cabinet.
> d\. The expiration dates of the drugs will be checked against either
> the stamped dates on the vial or expirations noted in the product
> inserts. The label of the reconstituted drug will show the user's
> initials, the date when the solution was reconstituted, and expiration
> date indicated by the package insert once reconstituted. The facility
> will not use any expired drugs for animal research. Disposal of all
> expired drugs will be initiated by the ACOS/R or designee and returned
> to Pharmacy Service.
e. To ensure compliance with the VHA Handbook 1108.2, the Controlled
Substance Coordinator (CSC), appointed by the facility Director,
will conduct unannounced monthly inspections in the ARF.
**2. PROCUREMENT AND DELIVERY OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES**
All controlled substances must be ordered and received through the
Research Office.
Investigators must submit a VA purchase order to the Research Office for
processing. No
other sources may be utilized to procure or attain controlled substances
for research.
Specific procedures will be followed within the Research Office to
procure and receive
these drugs as indicated below:
a. The designated MD will be notified by the Research Budget clerk upon
receipt of a request for purchase of a controlled substance.
> b\. The designated MD will review and approve the request, enter an
> electronic green sheet order (or equivalent) for the item and submit
> it to the Pharmacy Service for processing. If the item is not on an
> electronic green sheet order, a written VA prescription form will be
> submitted to the Pharmacy Service.
>
> c\. The pharmacy will process the order and complete the Drug
> Enforcement Agency (DEA)
>
> form 222 (if applicable) utilizing the Research DEA Certificate.
>
> d\. After receipt of the controlled substance, the pharmacy will
> contact the research office for
>
> delivery of the substance(s) and corresponding green sheet to the
> ACOS/R or designee.
>
> e\. The designated MD will electronically sign for receipt of the
> controlled substance(s) after
>
> verifying the identity of the controlled substance, strength, and
> quantity, via the electronic
>
> green sheet VISTA program or equivalent.
>
> f\. The product and corresponding green sheet will be given to the ARF
> Supervisor for
>
> placement in the Animal Facility Narcotic Area of Use (NAOU) in room
> 121.
**3. DISPENSING OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES**
The ARF supervisor, or designee, will dispense all controlled substances
to investigators and approved designees. Investigators or their
designees will be responsible for the accuracy of the recorded usage of
such drugs on the corresponding green sheet.
a\. The investigator or approved designee will request the controlled
substance from the
ARF Supervisor. The ARF Supervisor either dispenses the controlled
substance or
allows the investigator or designee to take possession of the controlled
substance.
b\. ARF Supervisor will make a copy of the green sheet to keep in his
possession if the
investigator maintains possession of the original green sheet and
controlled substance.
c\. Investigator or approved designee will sign and date the copy of the
green sheet when
they take possession of the drug. The controlled substance should never
be left in an
unsecured location when not in use while in possession of the
investigator.
d\. The species, protocol number, date, time, dose and balance shall be
recorded on the
green sheet at the time of each use, and the investigator or designee
shall sign the
document.
e\. When the drug and corresponding green sheet are returned, the ARF
supervisor
will verify the amount of drug remaining and secure the original green
sheet and drug
in the locked cabinet in Room 121.
**4. RECONCILIATION OF GREEN SHEETS**
a\. Green sheets with zero balance (no controlled substance remaining):
> 1.) ACOS/R or designee will flag green sheet as "ready for pick-up by
>
> pharmacy" by computer entry
2. ARF supervisor disposes of empty containers.
b\. Green sheets with a balance (controlled substance remaining) and
expired controlled
substances.
> 1.) The ACOS/R or designee will coordinate product pick-up and green
> sheet
>
> transfer with a pharmacy representative.
c\. Green sheets with discrepancies:
> 1.) ARF supervisor and investigator will attempt to resolve the
> discrepancy and
>
> notify the CSC.
>
> 2.) The investigator will submit corrective action plan to the ACOS/R
> and the
>
> CSC.
>
> 3.) Any discrepancies unresolved will be forwarded to the ACOS/R and
> CSC for
>
> an investigation.
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converted_docs | 502697 | **Final Report**
Utilization Rates, Win Rates, and Disparity Ratios for Broadcast
Licenses Awarded by the FCC
Prepared for the FCC as a deliverable under the contract "Estimation of
Utilization Rates/Probabilities of Obtaining Broadcast Licenses from the
Federal Communications Commission or of Obtaining Broadcast and Wireless
Licenses through Secondary Market Transactions"
prepared by
KPMG LLP
Economic Consulting Services
For
Federal Communications Commission
November, 2000
[I. Introduction 3](#i.-introduction)
[II. Comparative Hearings and Minority and Female Credit
5](#ii.-comparative-hearings-and-minority-and-female-credit)
[Comparative Hearing Process 5](#comparative-hearing-process)
[Minority and Gender Credit in Comparative Hearings
6](#minority-and-gender-credit-in-comparative-hearings)
[Gender Ownership Policies 9](#gender-ownership-policies)
[III. Data Collection 11](#iii.-data-collection)
[IV. Definitions of Win rates, Availability, and Disparity Ratios
13](#iv.-definitions-of-win-rates-availability-and-disparity-ratios)
[V. Participation by Race and Gender in Comparative Hearings
18](#v.-participation-by-race-and-gender-in-comparative-hearings)
[VI. Win Rates and Participation Rates by Race, Gender in Comparative
Hearings
21](#vi.-win-rates-and-participation-rates-by-race-gender-in-comparative-hearings)
[VII. Win Rates and Disparity Ratios by Race, Gender based on Definition
of Control
31](#vii.-win-rates-and-disparity-ratios-by-race-and-gender-based-on-definition-of-control)
[VIII. Level of Competition within Hearings
34](#viii.-level-of-competition-within-hearings)
[Appendix I: Information Collected from Form 301 for the
Development](#appendix-i-information-collected-from-form-301-for-the-development)
[of Utilization Ratios 38](#of-utilization-ratios)
[Appendix II. Standard Deviations of Estimates Presented in Tables
39](#appendix-ii.-standard-deviations-of-estimates-presented-in-tables)
# I. Introduction
KPMG LLP has prepared this report for the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC). The FCC engaged KPMG to prepare a study of utilization
rates and probability of obtaining broadcast licenses from the FCC. The
study will assist the FCC as part of a series of studies to determine if
there has been previous discrimination by the agency or passive
participation by the FCC in discrimination by the private sector.
This study measures license award rates by gender and race during
periods of time when the FCC's stated policy was to provide preferences
to minorities and women. During this period, the FCC awarded licenses
under two regimes. First, the FCC would award a license to individual
applicants (singletons) who were judged as qualified when only a single
application was received. Second, if more than one applicant applied for
the same license, then the FCC used Comparative Hearings, an
administrative hearing process, to allocate broadcast licenses during
the period from the 1940s until 1993.[^1]
In this report, KPMG presents its findings regarding participation rates
and utilization rates for participants who were involved in Comparative
Hearings from 1978-81 and 1989-93. A comparative hearing was the
administrative process that the FCC used to allocate broadcast licenses
during the period from the 1940s until 1993.[^2] This report provides
results developed from data collected and compiled on the participation
and success of minorities and women in the FCC's comparative hearing
award process for radio and TV licenses.[^3]
The report is organized as follows.
Section II, Comparative Hearings and Minority and Female Credit provides
a brief overview of the comparative hearing process and an introduction
to minority and female credit.
Section III, *Data Collection*, outlines the efforts taken to collect
these data.
Section IV, *Definitions of Win Rates, Availability and Disparity
Ratios*, reviews some of the properties of these measures.
Section V, *Participation by Race and Gender in Comparative Hearings*,
summarizes participation statistics by demographic group.
Section VI, *Win Rates and Disparity Ratios by Race and Gender in
Comparative Hearings*, contains the central results of this memo. The
section includes various formulations of win rates and disparity ratios.
Section VII *Win Rates and Disparity Ratios by Race and Gender, Based on
Definition of Control,* considers win rates and disparity ratios based
on a variety of definitions of which group controls an application.
Section VIII, *Level of Competition within Hearings*, looks at variation
in the level of competition within hearings by examining the average
number of parties per application and average number of applications per
hearing across various demographic groups.
Appendix I provides the data collection form used to acquire these data.
Appendix II, *Standard Deviations*, discusses the impact of statistical
uncertainly on each of the estimates presented in the previous sections.
# II. Comparative Hearings and Minority and Female Credit[^4]
## Comparative Hearing Process
Comparative Hearings began soon after the FCC was created by the
Communications Act of 1934 (the "Act").[^5] The Act granted the FCC the
authority to regulate "communications by wire and radio so as to make
available to all the people of the United States a rapid, efficient,
nation-wide, and worldwide wire and radio communication service." This
Act also empowers the FCC to issue broadcasting licenses "as public
convenience, interest, and necessity requires."[^6]
One landmark court case that was resolved in 1945 reinforced the
importance of the comparative hearing process in awarding a broadcast
license when there are multiple applicants. In *Ashbacker Radio Corp. v.
FCC*, 326 U.S. 327 (1945), the Supreme Court of the United States held
that:
> Where the Federal Communications Commission has before it two
> applications for broadcasting permits which are mutually exclusive, it
> may not, in view of the provisions of the Act for a hearing where an
> application is not granted upon examination, exercise its statutory
> authority to grant an application upon examination without a hearing.
This decision set the legal precedent that a publicly distributed
license must be assigned through a process that does not exclude
competition for the license.
A comparative hearing was necessary when more than one applicant applied
for the same broadcast license. In the event of multiple applicants, the
FCC would hold a comparative hearing, a proceeding that was presided
over by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). The purpose of the
comparative hearing was to determine which applicant for a broadcast
license is best qualified to hold the license.
In the period from 1970-1993, 2,437 licenses were awarded by comparative
hearing while 6,178, or the majority of the licenses, were awarded to
singleton applications because these applications were never challenged.
Factors that the FCC described as determinative of license award were:
1\. Diversification of control of the media of mass communications.
2\. Full-time participation in station operation by owners.
3\. Proposed program service.
4\. Past broadcast record.
5\. Efficient use of frequency.
6\. Character of the applicants.
7. Other factors.
While the measures of success in acquiring a license that are presented
in this report were influenced by these factors, we do not control for
these factors in the measures that we present in this report. A
companion report, "Logistic Regression Models of the Broadcast License
Award Process for Licenses Awarded by the FCC" develops models of win
rates by minority and gender status that control for some of these
factors.
## Minority and Gender Credit in Comparative Hearings
While the criteria set forth by the FCC in 1965 included diversification
of control, initially the FCC refused to include the racial composition
of an applicant group as a relevant factor in a comparative hearing.
This position was challenged in 1965 by the Comint Corp applicant group
in the comparative hearing for a TV broadcast license in Orlando,
Florida.
In 1965, the D.C. Court of Appeals vacated the decision that awarded the
TV license to Mid Florida Corp. and opened the license to competition.
Eight applicants filed for ownership and the matter went to comparative
hearing. In the comparative hearing, one of the applicants, Comint
Corp., filed an application that included two black owners with a 14%
shared interest. The proposed community for the license awarded had a
25% minority population. Comint argued that minority ownership should be
given comparative credit on the basis of the 1965 statement on
comparative hearings (1 F.C.C.2d 393 (1965)) which stated that the \"two
primary objectives toward which the process of comparison . . . are . .
. the best practicable service to the public, and . . . a maximum
diffusion of control of the media of mass communications.\" The FCC
noted that while it:
> \"is sympathetic with Comint\'s argument and recognizes the validity
> of the goal of increased minority ownership of the media of mass
> communications .... however, the Communications Act, like the
> Constitution, is color blind and therefore, in a comparative broadcast
> proceeding, which is governed by the Commission\'s Policy Statement .
> . . Black ownership cannot and should not be an independent
> comparative factor . . . rather, such ownership must be shown on the
> record to result in some public interest."
Comint challenged the FCC's refusal to explicitly consider race in the
comparative hearing process and appealed the FCC's ruling to the DC
Court of Appeals.
In the 1974 decision 495 F.2d 929 (D.C. Cir. 1974), the DC Court of
Appeals reversed the result of the Mid-Florida comparative hearing. The
Court held that comparative merit should be awarded to an applicant, two
of whose stockholders, each owning approximately seven percent of the
applicant\'s stock, were Black and would participate in the operation of
the station. The Court pointed out that both of the Black principals
were local residents of the community being applied for who had been
active in advancing the interests of Black members of the community, and
that 25 percent of the population of the area applied for were Black. It
also noted that since the highest interest owned by any of the
applicant\'s principals was ten percent, the two stockholders\'
individual and combined ownership was substantial. In addition, no
Blacks were then participating in the ownership or management of any of
the media of mass communications in that community. In these
circumstances, the Court concluded that minority stock ownership is \"a
consideration relevant to a choice among applicants of broader community
representation and practicable service to the public.\" (161 U.S. App.
D.C. at 357, 495 F.2d at 937.) The court went on to comment:
> It is consistent with the primary objective of maximum diversification
> of ownership of mass communications media for the Commission in a
> comparative license proceeding to afford favorable consideration to an
> applicant who, not as a mere token but in good faith, as broadening
> community representation, gives a local minority group media
> entrepreneurship\.... We hold only that when minority ownership is
> likely to increase diversity of content, especially on opinion and
> viewpoint, merit should be awarded. (TV 9 Inc. v. FCC, 495 F.2d 929
> (D.C. Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 418 U.S. 986 (1974)).
Accordingly, without recommending or requiring any quota system, the
Court held that merit should be awarded for minority ownership where it
is likely to increase the diversity of program content, especially of
opinion and viewpoint. In a Supplemental Opinion, the Court emphasized
that it was not holding that merit should be based on Black ownership
alone, but rather in that case upon a meaningful combination of
ownership and participation in station affairs which indicated that
Black persons having a substantial identification with minority rights
would be able to translate their positions and their ownership stake
into meaningful effect on this aspect of station programming. The Court
also explained that \"merit\" meant only \"favorable consideration,\" or
a plus-factor, not a \"preference,\" and that it was to be weighed along
with other relevant factors in determining which applicant is to be
awarded a preference. (161 U.S. App. D.C. at 361, 495 F.2d at 941.)
This decision set a new precedent for the incorporation of minority
participation as a factor in the comparative hearing process.
Not long after the Court of Appeals decided that minority credit for
integrated minority owners was appropriate, Administrative Law Judges
began deciding cases on this basis. Additionally, administrative law
judges at the FCC expanded on the TV 9 decision. In particular, the
considerations applied to race in the *TV 9* decision were applied to
gender in the *Rosemore* decision.
In *Rosemore Broadcasting, Co., Inc*., (54 F.C.C. 2d 394, 418 (1975)),
the FCC reasoned that integrated female ownership should be awarded
credit in comparative hearings because women, like minorities, are
\"likely to increase diversity of content.\" The FCC went on to state
that female participation in an application can be given credit when it
"reflects broader community representation." Because two of the three
individuals associated with *Rosemore Broadcasting Co.'s* application
were female and these women planned on playing a significant role in the
day**-**to**-**day operation of the broadcast station, the *Rosemore*
application was enhanced in the FCC's eyes. The *Rosemore Broadcasting
Company* went on to win the license in the comparative hearing.
Since the DC Court of Appeals in 1974 had set in place minority
ownership and employment policies within comparative hearings the FCC
and Administrative Law Judges had started awarding minority credit to
applicants for broadcast licenses. However, in 1978 the FCC observed a
\"continuation of an extreme disparity between the representation of
minorities in our population and in the broadcasting industry\" and
subsequently issued \"further Commission action\" or Statement of Policy
on Minority Ownership of Broadcasting Facilities (See 68 F.C.C.2d 979,
982). This statement formalized the use of minority merits in the
comparative hearing process.
*Metro Broadcasting, Inc.*
Reviewing the FCC's policies under intermediate scrutiny, the Supreme
Court held that the FCC\'s policy of minority ownership and employment
in comparative hearings which gave enhancement credit for minority
ownership and participation and the policy of allowing \"distress
sales\" to FCC-approved minority-owned firms did not violate equal
protection under the Fifth Amendment.
The Court reasoned:
> Minority preference policies adopted by the Federal Communications
> Commission (FCC)\-- do not violate the equal protection component of
> the Federal Constitution\'s Fifth Amendment, where Congress has
> enacted appropriations legislation (101 Stat 1329-31, 102 Stat 2216,
> and 103 Stat 1020) prohibiting the FCC from spending any appropriated
> funds to examine or change its minority ownership polices, because (1)
> the policies in question have been mandated by Congress; (2) the
> interest in enhancing broadcast diversity is, at the very least, an
> important governmental objective; and (3) the policies in question are
> substantially related to the achievement of the government\'s
> interest, since (a) both the FCC and Congress\--whose joint
> determination must be given great weight\--have concluded that there
> is a relationship between expanded minority ownership and greater
> broadcast diversity, (b) this judgment is based on extensive empirical
> evidence rather than on impermissible stereotyping, and (c) the
> policies are in other relevant respects substantially related to the
> goal of promoting broadcast diversity**...**
## Gender Ownership Policies
Gainesville Media, Inc.
Approximately one month after the Commission issued Statement of Policy
on Minority Ownership of Broadcasting Facilities, a Review Board hearing
the Gainesville Media, Inc. case reanalyzed its decision regarding
female ownership credit in comparative hearings. Initially, the board
held that . . .
> since there was no evidence in the record of the extent of female
> ownership in the mass media in Gainesville, we had no basis on which
> to conclude that such participation would achieve a public interest
> benefit. Upon further reflection, we now believe the better course is
> to consider female ownership and participation, despite the absence of
> record evidence regarding the ownership situations at other stations
> (see Gainesville Media, Inc., 70 F.C.C.2d 143, 149 (Rev. Bd. 1978)).
Soon after the Gainesville decision, a review board clarified the
justification and reasoning for female ownership policies. The Board
concluded:
> \... merit for female ownership and participation is warranted upon
> essentially the same basis as the merit given for black ownership and
> participation, but that it is a merit of lesser significance. The
> basic policy considerations are the same. Women are a general
> population group which has suffered from a discriminatory attitude in
> various fields of activity, and one which, partly as a consequence,
> has certain separate needs and interests with respect to which the
> inclusion of women in broadcast ownership and operation can be of
> value. On the other hand, it is equally obvious that the need for
> diversity and sensitivity reflected in the structure of a broadcast
> station is not so pressing with respect to women as it is with respect
> to blacks\--women have not been excluded from the mainstream of
> society as have black people (see Mid-Florida Television Corp., 70
> F.C.C.2d 281, 326 (Rev. Bd. 1978), set aside on other grounds, 87
> F.C.C.2d 203 (1981)).
This decision demonstrated that credit is applied for female
participation in a broadcast license application, but that credit is not
as significant as the credit applied for minority participation in a
broadcast license application.
In 1993's *Bechtel* decision 10 F.3d 875 (D.C. Cir. 1993), the D.C.
Circuit Court found that the "continued application of the integration
credit is arbitrary and capricious, and therefore unlawful." The court
stated that the policy of extending additional credit to applicants who
intended to personally manage and operate the broadcast stations was
"without foundation." By invalidating the integration credit the court
effectively eliminated gender and race ownership and employment policies
associated with the integration credit. In 1994 the FCC suspended all
active comparative hearings until an adequate resolution to the issues
raised in *Bechtel* could be formulated.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 eliminated the role of comparative
hearings in the renewal of broadcast licenses. The 1994 suspension of
the comparative hearing process effectively became permanent in 1997
when Congress mandated that the FCC utilize a competitive bidding
process for the distribution of all future commercial broadcast license
awards.[^7] The first auction associated with this mandate occurred in
October of 1999 and generated (unofficially) about \$58 million from the
distribution of 116 broadcast licenses and included several frozen
license applications from the *Bechtel* ruling.
While minority ownership policies were not included in this auction
process, first-time broadcasters and "small" broadcasters were accorded
with auction credits to assist in their bidding.
After the suspension of the comparative hearing process due to the
*Bechtel* decision, but before the implementation of the broadcast
license auctions, two important court cases were decided which will
impact the ability of the FCC to implement minority and female ownership
and employment policies in the future.
In the 1995 *Adarand* decision \[515 U.S. 200 (1995)\], the Supreme
Court held that any federal program that uses racial or ethnic criteria
as a basis for decision making must serve a compelling governmental
interest such as remedying past discrimination and must be narrowly
tailored to serve that interest. Furthermore, the court ruled that any
racial distinctions employed by a local, state, or the federal
government "must be analyzed by the reviewing court under strict
scrutiny," specifically overruling the standard of review used in *Metro
Broadcasting*.
In *United States v. Virginia,* 518 U.S. 515 (1996), the Supreme Court
considered the distinctions made by local, state, and the federal
government with respect to gender. In this case the court reaffirmed
that these gender distinctions need only satisfy "intermediate
scrutiny". While the definition of intermediate scrutiny is somewhat
vague, it is clear that intermediate scrutiny is a lower standard than
strict scrutiny.
# III. Data Collection
In order to develop statistics about the success of female, ethnic and
minority and majority race groups in the comparative hearing process,
KPMG collected data from FCC archives in Suitland Maryland during the
period October, 1999 through March, 2000. Within the files on
comparative hearing proceedings, maintained as paper files at the
National Records Center, exist data on the declared minority status of
parties to applications for broadcast licenses that were considered in
the comparative hearing process. Also available are outcomes of the
comparative hearings, i.e. a record of which applications have been
awarded the licenses.
The data collection effort involved collecting information for 3063
parties involved in 775 applications in a sample of 230 comparative
hearings over the periods 1978 to 1981, and 1989-1993. These periods
were selected to satisfy a number of requirements.[^8] First, these were
both periods when financial information was collected in the license
application.[^9] Second, during these periods, the FCC's stated policy
was to provide credit for minority applicants.
KPMG retrieved documents from a random sample of the hearings that
occurred during these two time periods. The universe of available
hearings was made available to KPMG in two formats. For the period prior
to 1983, the Administrative Law Judge Listing was used. This is a paper
database. For the period after 1983 we relied upon the BAPS database.
The BAPS database is an electronic database containing information on
each comparative hearing that took place from the early 1980's up to
today. Both data sources provide the following important information
with regards to each hearing:
- unique hearing identifiers
- service
- ascension number.
- call sign
- start date for hearing
- end date for hearing
Tables 1 and 2 show the population of hearings and population of
applications for radio and television hearings, broken into the two time
periods.
Table 1.
Number of Hearings
--------------------------- --------------- ------------- --------------
Years 1978-1981 1989-1993 Total
All Licenses 421 142 563
Radio 286 134 420
AM 85 0 85
FM 201 134 335
TV 135 8 143
--------------------------- --------------- ------------- --------------
Table 2.
Number of Applications
---------------------------- ---------------- ------------- -------------
Years 1978-1981 1989-1993 Total
All Licenses 1,064 595 1,659
Radio 716 583 1,299
AM 177 0 177
FM 539 583 1,122
TV 348 12 360
---------------------------- ---------------- ------------- -------------
A sample of 230 comparative hearings was drawn from the population of
hearings using stratified random sampling. The sample was stratified by
service (AM, FM, and TV). This sample size was selected in an effort to
balance the cost of data collection with the need to obtain a reasonable
level of accuracy at various levels of disaggregation.
Once the sample was drawn, data collection personnel, who were primarily
made up of personnel with legal or paralegal backgrounds, retrieved the
files from the National Records Center in Suitland, MD. and collected
the necessary data.[^10] The data items that were collected for the
construction of the utilization ratios come principally from the
application form 301. The items from this form are shown in appendix I.
# IV. Definitions of Win Rates, Availability, and Disparity Ratios
Differing definitions for availability, utilization, and disparity
ratios may offer a variety of insights; accordingly, we have used these
data to develop a variety of estimates.[^11] The differences in the
estimates that appear in this report are mainly due to differing
measures of availability, which is defined as the pool of applicants or
potential applicants who are willing and able to compete for a broadcast
license.
Before presenting results, this section describes the measures and how
they are constructed. All of the win ratios we have developed are
expressed as a ratio of a measure of success (or winning applicants) and
a measure of participation (or applicants). A number of different ratios
are presented. They are generally presented in the order of complexity
of the calculation, with the simplest calculations presented first.
While we present a number of measures, our preferred measure is called
the "relative award rate" and it is presented in Table 13.
A key concept to keep in mind when reviewing these results is that there
are different levels of aggregation that can be used to make
calculations of success in acquiring licenses. This is due to the nature
of the comparative hearing process and the fact that hearings are made
up of multiple applications and applications can be made up of multiple
parties of different race and gender who cooperate to bid on licenses.
The party is the lowest level for which measures of success can be
calculated. Next there is the application level. Therefore, when we
measure win rates, we can do it at the party level; i.e. how many
parties of a particular group were involved as participants in winning
applications. Or we can measure win rates at the application level, e.g.
we can measure how many applications won where at least 1 party of a
particular group was represented in the application or we could measure
how many applications won when a particular group controlled more than
50% of the equity in the application. We present measures that use all
of these definitions here.
There are strengths and weaknesses to all of the measures that we
present. For example, looking at the data on a party basis, as we will
do in tables 7 through 12, shows how a demographic group does overall
but says nothing about the distribution of results for a group. If many
parties from one demographic group were concentrated in only a few
winning applications, it might appear as if the group were acquiring
more licenses than it was actually acquiring because success would be
attributed to a lot of parties who won few licenses. Also, accounting
for equity control may be important because if that control is lacking,
then what appears to be adequate participation may in fact not be
meaningful participation. Finally, it is also important to distinguish
win rates based on the value of licenses. It is conceivable that a group
could be winning a reasonable number of licenses but if they were
licenses of little value, this would not be a reasonable result. To
account for this possibility, we have weighted the win rates by
population of the area in which the licenses are awarded where
population serves as a proxy for value of the license.[^12]
Definitions for the measures that will appear in the tables that follow
are provided below.
Relative win rate (party basis) = \# winning parties in-group / \# of
parties in-group.
Relative win rate (equity basis) = equity of winning parties in group /
equity of all parties in group
Absolute win rate = \# winners in-group / total \# of parties in all
groups combined
\% of winners = \# of winners in group / total number of winners
(also known in literature as a utilization rate)
\% participation = \# of parties in group / total number of parties
Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
The relative award rate *R* is defined by the following equation:
{width="2.7222222222222223in"
height="0.4722222222222222in"}
where *N* is the number of hearings, *i* indexes hearings, *z~i~* takes
a value of one if the license in hearing *i* is awarded to a minority
and zero if not, and *m~i~* is the percentage of minority applicants in
hearing *i*. The relative award rate is defined analogously for
non-minorities, males, and females.
Winner take all relative win rate = #winning parties in group where
equity is
> controlling / #parties in group
It is informative to contrast calculated win ratios across different
groups of applicants. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that
win rates cannot account for differences between groups that span
multiple dimensions. For example, when contrasting a win rate for male
applicants with a win rate for female applicants it is important to keep
in mind that the ratio does not account for differences in other
applicant characteristics (asset holdings for example) across the two
groups. This suggests that it would be inappropriate to conclude that
discrimination is taking place simply on the basis of win rates. Further
analysis, which is presented in a companion study, using logistic
regression models, discusses whether there are significant differences
in award rates based on race or gender, while controlling for many
factors that affect award rates.
The definition of the pool of "eligible participants" associated with
various groups has frequently been a disputed issue in the calculation
of availability ratios for studies of disparity. Typically, the broader
the measure of the pool who are eligible to participate for each group,
the greater the dispute because a broader pool is less likely to contain
qualified and willing participants. At one extreme, the entire
population of the group in question can be classified as eligible
participants. But the entire population is not qualified or willing to
participate in the process and therefore this is an inappropriate
measure of eligibility. The Croson decision suggests a measure that
contains only those who are qualified, willing and able to
participate.[^13] The measure of availability used in this study is
narrower and more conservative than that in [Croson]{.underline}. In the
contracting context, availability is measured by counting all
pre-qualified contractors, not just those who apply for a given
contract. In licensing, there is no group of pre-qualified bidders, so
the study uses those who actually applied for the given license.
Consistent with the conditions of Croson, we use a measure of the pool
of eligible participants for each group. For the purpose of the win
rates, availability, and disparity ratios presented here, the set of
eligible participants associated with each group is limited to the set
of individuals in that group that we actually observed participating in
a comparative hearing.[^14]
It is certainly conceivable that a broader measure of the pool of
eligible participants could be more relevant. A broader and
theoretically more appealing measure might include those who would have
liked to apply, but failed to apply, because they may have been
frustrated by the process or did not have equal access to the resources
required to fulfill the application requirements.
We have not attempted to develop a methodology to measure the number of
eligible participants for various groups using definitions of
availability that are broader than the number who have actually
participated in the hearing process. We believe that this line of
inquiry is certainly warranted since the availability measure is an
extremely important determinant of whether one can adequately measure
the existence of disparity. If the measure of availability excludes
potential applicants who have not been able to apply due to the
existence of discrimination, then disparity measures that do not account
for this possibility will be biased against a finding of discrimination.
On the other hand if the measure of availability is over-inclusive so
that it were to include those who are not qualified, willing and able to
participate in the process, then disparity measures using such a measure
of availability would be biased towards a finding of discrimination. The
measures of availability that we use in this study are certainly not
over-inclusive and are more likely to be under-inclusive.
Win rate and disparity measures that are based on a narrow definition of
availability, such as the one we use here, result in a conditional
measure of win rates or disparity. The disparity and availability ratios
are conditional in the sense that we are testing only the second of two
dimensions of the process. The first dimension of the hearing process
relates to who is able to participate in a hearing; i.e. who is able to
apply. The second dimension relates to who wins given that they have
passed the first hurdle, i.e. been able to participate and have been
included in the application and hearing process. Our analysis only
considers the second of these two dimensions. If minority or female
participation has been affected by impediments such as inadequate access
to capital, due to discrimination, the disparity measures represented
here would not capture this dimension of the licensing process.
We do note, as the following data will suggest, that minority
participation in broadcasting is very low relative to minority
representation in the general population. Table 3 shows the minority
participation in broadcasting and minority shares of the U.S.
population.
Table 3.
Participation in Comparative Hearings and Percent of U.S. Population in
1990\*
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| | Percent of | Percent of U.S. |
| | Parties in | Population |
| | Hearings (1) | |
| | | \(2\) |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Total Minority | 8.9% | 23.8% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Black | 3.4% | 12.2% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Asian | .4% | 2.7% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Hispanic | 3.9% | 8.7% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| American Indian, Eskimo, | .4% | .7% |
| Aleut | | |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| White | 91.1% | 76.2% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Male | 79.3% | 48.7% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
| Female | 20.7% | 51.3% |
+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------+
\*Notes: (1) Detailed race and ethnic categories do not sum to total
minority for the Percent of parties in hearings, due to nonreporting of
this level of detail for a small portion of the minority applicants (.8%
fail to report the level of detail about their minority status). (2) For
the percent of U.S. population, there is slight overlap in the figure
for black and Hispanic because black includes those blacks of Hispanic
origin (about .5% of the 12.2% of blacks are of Hispanic origin).
There is certainly a large difference between the minority share of
participants in comparative hearings and the minority share of the U.S.
population.
Note that during the period that we are performing this analysis, the
FCC's stated policy was to provide credit for minority participation in
applications. Therefore, when we present win rates and disparity rates,
one would expect that if the FCC's policy has been effective, there
would be greater minority participation (and probably greater
utilization) than in the absence of this policy. We can assume then that
the level of female and minority participation, which is low relative to
female and minority representation in the population, would have been
even lower still in the absence of the FCC's stated policy.[^15]
# V. Participation by Race and Gender in Comparative Hearings
Table 4 shows the number of hearings in our sample.[^16] Tables 5 and 6
present data on participation, by demographic group, using alternative
definitions of participation. Table 5 shows the number of parties to
applications considered in hearings, broken out by race and gender, and
the percentage of each group of the total number of participants in
these 230 comparative hearings. Table 6 is similar to table 5 except
that it shows the number of applications where a group has at least 1
party of a given demographic group participating in the application.
> Table 4.
>
> Number of Comparative Hearings in Sample by Type of Hearing
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------
Radio and Television 230
Radio 155
AM 25
FM 130
Television 75
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------
We can see from Tables 5 and 6 that there were 3082 parties in 740
applications in these 230 hearings. 91.1% of all participants were white
while 8.9% were minority. Of the minority participants, about 43.1% are
Black, 48.8% are Hispanic, 4.5% are Asian, and 3.7% are American
Indian.[^17]
Men made up 79% of all parties while females made up 21%. A strict
comparison of the number of minority and female participants to the
population at large would indicate low minority and female participation
in the hearing process. While we have described earlier that this is not
an appropriate comparison for the purposes of Croson, it does
demonstrate that for at least the first dimension of the comparative
hearing process, participation; minority ownership of broadcast stations
is probably low because of low participation rates. This says nothing
about the issue of whether the comparative hearing award process was
fair or not.
Table 5.
Participation (number of parties in applications) by Minority Status and
Gender
in Broadcast, Radio, and TV Comparative Hearings
---------------- ------------ --------- -- ----------- --------- -- ------------ --------- --
Broadcast Radio Television
(Radio&TV)
Total Parties 3082 1526 1556
Headcount Percent Headcount Percent Headcount Percent
White male 2262 73.4% 1060 69.4% 1202 77.2%
White female 546 17.7% 306 20.1% 240 15.4%
Minority male 182 5.9% 105 6.9% 77 4.9%
Minority female 92 3.0% 55 3.6% 37 2.4%
White 2808 91.1% 1366 89.5% 1442 92.7%
Minority 274 8.9% 160 10.5% 114 7.3%
Black 106 3.4% 67 4.4% 39 2.5%
Hispanic 120 3.9% 70 4.6% 50 3.2%
Asian 11 0.4% 4 0.3% 7 0.4%
American Indian 12 0.4% 8 0.5% 4 0.3%
Male 2444 79.3% 1165 76.3% 1279 82.2%
Female 638 20.7% 361 23.7% 277 17.8%
---------------- ------------ --------- -- ----------- --------- -- ------------ --------- --
> \* minorities do not add exactly to total because sometimes, parties
> only indicated minority status
>
> and failed to specify the details of which minority group they were
> in.
Table 6.
Participation (Number of applications) by Minority Status and Gender in
Comparative Hearings (with at least 1 party in this demographic group)
------------------ ------------ --------- -- -------- --------- -- ----- ------------ --------- --
Broadcast Radio Television
(Radio&TV)
Total applications 740 Percent 494 Percent 246 Percent
White male 662 89.5% 439 88.9% 223 90.7%
White female 332 44.9% 213 43.1% 119 48.4%
Minority male 90 12.2% 48 9.7% 42 17.1%
Minority female 67 9.1% 41 8.3% 26 10.6%
White 705 95.3% 474 96.0% 231 93.9%
Minority 122 16.5% 72 14.6% 50 20.3%
Black 50 6.8% 31 6.3% 19 7.7%
Hispanic 57 7.7% 30 6.1% 27 11.0%
Asian 8 1.1% 3 .6% 5 2.0%
American Indian 10 1.4% 6 1.2% 4 1.6%
Male 694 93.8% 458 92.7% 236 95.9%
Female 374 50.5% 239 48.4% 135 54.9%
------------------ ------------ --------- -- -------- --------- -- ----- ------------ --------- --
# VI. Win Rates and Participation Rates by Race, Gender in Comparative Hearings
In calculating win rates and disparity ratios, it is critical to
determine which applicant actually won each hearing. The data indicating
which applicants won the comparative hearings come from either the
Broadcast Applications Processing System (BAPS) database or the
Administrative Law Judge Listing. This data is also confirmed in the
manual data collection operation where we retrieved information directly
from archived comparative hearing documents. On occasion, the decision
of the ALJ to award a license to a particular applicant is appealed to a
higher court and there is a reversal of a decision. We have conducted
the additional data collection necessary to capture these post
comparative hearing reversals. In our sample of 230 hearings, this
occurred 15 times.
Tables 7 through 12 show counts of the number of parties by race and
gender who have participated in applications that won in a comparative
hearing. The tables also show participation rates, win rates, and
disparity ratios, both unadjusted and adjusted for differences in the
population of areas where the licenses were granted. Population weighted
participation and win rates are shown in tables 8, 10, and 12. These
rates are designed to determine if there has been any difference in the
win or participation rates according to the value of the license, where
the value of the license is proxied by population of the area in which
the license is awarded. Population data that are used as weights come
from U.S. Census data.[^18]
There are two relative win rate measures in the tables. Relative win
rate (party basis) is simply the number of winning parties in the group
divided by the total number of participants of that group. Relative win
rate (equity basis) is similar, except that wins are determined based on
which group has majority equity. Relative win rate (equity basis) can
differentiate between a win with minority participation but no equity,
and a win with participation and equity. Wins with substantial equity
participation are accorded higher weight than wins with little or no
equity participation.
The tables also show each group's share of winners and share of
participants. To the extent that the share of winners exceeds the
participation share, the group is winning at a higher rate than would be
dictated by their participation alone. To the extent that a
participation rate exceeds winning share, then the group is winning less
often than their participation would dictate. Based on these
definitions, table 7 shows that over all hearings, non-minorities are
winning at slightly lower rates (90.1% vs. 91.1%) than their rate of
participation while minorities are winning at slightly higher rates
(9.9% vs. 8.9%) than their participation rate.
By type of service, as shown in tables 9 and 11, there is a slightly
different story. Because there does not appear to be any difference
between participation and win rates in radio (0% difference between win
rates and participation rates for both non-minorities and minorities)
but slightly higher win rates relative to participation for minorities
in TV (9.2% win rates versus 7.3% participation rate).
Both white females (19.7% vs. 17.7%) and minority females (3.5% vs. 3%)
are winning at higher rates than their participation rate. White males
are winning at slightly lower rates (70.5% vs. 73.3%) than their
participation rates, while minority males (6.3% vs. 5.9%) are winning at
a slightly higher rate than their participation rate.
This story changes slightly when participation and wins are weighted by
population. Weighting by population elevates the importance of
participation and wins in higher population areas. While there is not
much impact on the results for broadcast as a whole, the population
weighting affects the results for radio. For radio, after weighting for
population, minorities do a little bit worse than non-minorities and
females do a little bit worse than males. The differences between
participation and win rates after weighting by population are too small
to suggest that any sort of bias is occurring in the award process for
radio licenses such that minorities would not be as likely to win in
higher population areas.
Table 7.
Win Rates and Participation Rates (By race and gender) -- Broadcast
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Total | 3 | | | | | | | |
| parties | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | 8 | | | | | | | |
| | 2 | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Winning | \ | \# | Rel | Re | Ab | \% | \% | Di |
| Parties | # | p | ative | lative | sol | of | pa | sparity |
| | o | ar | | | ute | w | rtic | Ratio: |
| | f | ti | win | win | win | in | i-pa | |
| | W | es | rate | rate | r | ne | tion | % |
| | i | | | ( | ate | rs | | winning |
| | n | | ( | equity | | | | |
| | s | | party | basis) | | | | ÷ |
| | | | b | | | | | %partic |
| | | | asis) | | | | | ipation |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| White male | 8 | 22 | 36.5% | 30.9% | 26 | 7 | 7 | .96 |
| | 2 | 62 | | | .8% | 0. | 3.4% | |
| | 5 | | | | | 5% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| White | 2 | 5 | 41.9% | 36.1% | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1.11 |
| female | 2 | 46 | | | .4% | 9. | 7.7% | |
| | 9 | | | | | 6% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Minority | 7 | 1 | 41.2% | 40.9% | 2 | 6. | 5.9% | 1.09 |
| male | 5 | 82 | | | .4% | 4% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Minority | 4 | 92 | 44.6% | 32.5% | 1 | 3. | 3.0% | 1.17 |
| female | 1 | | | | .3% | 5% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| White | 1 | 28 | 37.6% | 31.8% | 34 | 9 | 9 | .99 |
| | 0 | 08 | | | .2% | 0. | 1.1% | |
| | 5 | | | | | 1% | | |
| | 4 | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Minority | 1 | 2 | 42.3% | 38.1% | 3 | 9. | 8.9% | 1.11 |
| | 1 | 74 | | | .8% | 9% | | |
| | 6 | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Black | 5 | 1 | 48.1% | 44.1% | 1 | 4. | 3.4% | 1.29 |
| | 1 | 06 | | | .7% | 4% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Hispanic | 4 | 1 | 39.2% | 37.5% | 1 | 4. | 3.9% | 1.03 |
| | 7 | 20 | | | .5% | 0% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Asian | 5 | 11 | 45.5% | 69.4% | 0 | 0. | 0.4% | 1.00 |
| | | | | | .2% | 4% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| American | 2 | 12 | 16.7% | 7.1% | 0 | 0. | 0.4% | .500 |
| Indian | | | | | .1% | 2% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Male | 9 | 24 | 36.8% | 31.7% | 29 | 7 | 7 | .97 |
| | 0 | 44 | | | .2% | 6. | 9.3% | |
| | 0 | | | | | 9% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
| Female | 2 | 6 | 42.3% | 35.5% | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1.12 |
| | 7 | 38 | | | .8% | 3. | 0.7% | |
| | 0 | | | | | 1% | | |
+------------+---+----+-------+--------+-----+----+------+---------+
Relative win rate (party basis) = \# winning parties in-group / \# of
parties in-group.
Relative win rate (equity basis) = winning equity in group / total
equity for group
Absolute win rate = \# winning parties in-group / total \# of parties.
\% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners
\% participation = \# of parties / total parties
Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
Table 8.
Population Weighted Win Rates (By race and gender) -- Broadcast
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | Population | | | |
| | Weighted | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Group | \% of | \% | | Disparity |
| | | pa | | Ratio |
| | winners | rticipation | | |
| | | | | %winning |
| | | | | |
| | | | | ÷ |
| | | | | %participation |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White male | 71.4% | 75.3% | | .95 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White female | 17.5% | 14.7% | | 1.19 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority male | 8.8% | 7.9% | | 1.11 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority female | 2.3% | 2.1% | | 1.10 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White | 88.9% | 90.0% | | 1.0 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority | 11.1% | 10.0% | | 1.11 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Black | 6.1% | 4.8% | | 1.27 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Hispanic | 3.0% | 4.1% | | .73 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Asian | 0.5% | 0.6% | | .83 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| American Indian | 0.2% | 0.2% | | 1.0 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Male | 80.2% | 83.2% | | .96 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Female | 19.8% | 16.8% | | 1.18 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
> \% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners -- weighted by
> population in area of license
>
> \% participation = \# of parties / total parties -- weighted by
> population in area of license
>
> Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
>
> Table 9.
>
> Win Rates and Participation Rates (By race and gender) -- TV
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total parties</td>
<td>1556</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Winning Parties</td>
<td># of Wins</td>
<td># parties</td>
<td><p>Relative</p>
<p>win rate</p>
<p>(party basis)</p></td>
<td><p>Relative</p>
<p>win rate (equity basis)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Absolute win rate</td>
<td>% of winners</td>
<td>% partici- pation</td>
<td><p>Disparity:</p>
<p>%winning</p>
<p>÷ %participation</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>White male</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>1202</td>
<td>36.6%</td>
<td>29.4%</td>
<td colspan="2">28.3%</td>
<td>72.6%</td>
<td>77.2%</td>
<td>.94</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>White female</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>45.8%</td>
<td>39.4%</td>
<td colspan="2">7.1%</td>
<td>18.2%</td>
<td>15.4%</td>
<td>1.18</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Minority male</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>46.7%</td>
<td>36.7%</td>
<td colspan="2">2.3%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
<td>4.9%</td>
<td>1.20</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minority female</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>54.0%</td>
<td>22.7%</td>
<td colspan="2">1.3%</td>
<td>3.3%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>1.38</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>White</td>
<td>550</td>
<td>1442</td>
<td>38.1%</td>
<td>30.7%</td>
<td colspan="2">35.3%</td>
<td>90.8%</td>
<td>92.7%</td>
<td>.98</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minority</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>114</td>
<td>49.1%</td>
<td>32.6%</td>
<td colspan="2">3.6%</td>
<td>9.2%</td>
<td>7.3%</td>
<td>1.26</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Black</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>59.0%</td>
<td>39.2%</td>
<td colspan="2">1.5%</td>
<td>3.8%</td>
<td>2.5%</td>
<td>1.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hispanic</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>44.0%</td>
<td>32.1%</td>
<td colspan="2">1.4%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>1.13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Asian</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>42.9%</td>
<td>39.8%</td>
<td colspan="2">1.9%</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>1.25</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>American Indian</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>25.0%</td>
<td>4.3%</td>
<td colspan="2">0.1%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>.67</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Male</td>
<td>476</td>
<td>1279</td>
<td>37.2%</td>
<td>30.1%</td>
<td colspan="2">30.6%</td>
<td>78.5%</td>
<td>82.2%</td>
<td>.95</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Female</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>277</td>
<td>46.9%</td>
<td>35.6%</td>
<td colspan="2">8.4%</td>
<td>21.5%</td>
<td>17.8%</td>
<td>1.21</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Relative win rate (party basis) = \# winning parties in-group / \# of
parties in-group.
Relative win rate (equity basis) = winning equity in group / total
equity for group
Absolute win rate = \# winning parties in-group / total \# of parties.
\% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners
\% participation = \# of parties / total parties
Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
Table 10.
Population Weighted Win Rates (By race and gender) -- TV
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | Population | | | |
| | Weighted | | | |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Group | \% of | \% | | Disparity |
| | winners | pa | | Ratio: |
| | | rticipation | | |
| | | | | %winning |
| | | | | |
| | | | | ÷ |
| | | | | %participation |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White male | 74.0% | 80.1% | | .92 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White female | 18.6% | 15.3% | | 1.22 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority male | 5.2% | 3.2% | | 1.63 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority female | 2.1% | 1.3% | | 1.62 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White | 92.6% | 95.5% | | .97 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority | 7.4% | 4.5% | | 1.62 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Black | 1.9% | 1.5% | | 1.27 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Hispanic | 3.2% | 2.0% | | 1.60 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Asian | 0.5% | 0.4% | | 1.25 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| American Indian | 0.2% | 0.2% | | 1.00 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Male | 79.2% | 83.3% | | .95 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Female | 20.8% | 16.7% | | 1.25 |
+----------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
> \% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners -- weighted by
> population in area of license
>
> \% participation = \# of parties / total parties -- weighted by
> population in area of license
>
> Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
Table 11.
Win Rates and Participation Rates (By race and gender) -- Radio
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Total | 1 | | | | | | | |
| parties | 526 | | | | | | | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Winning | \# | \# | Re | Rel | Ab | \% | \% | Dis |
| Parties | of | p | lative | ative | sol | of | pa | parity |
| | W | ar | | | ute | w | rt | Ratio: |
| | ins | ti | win | win | win | in | ic | |
| | | es | rate | rate | r | ne | i- | %w |
| | | | | (e | ate | rs | pa | inning |
| | | | (party | quity | | | ti | |
| | | | basis) | b | | | on | ÷ |
| | | | | asis) | | | | %p |
| | | | | | | | | artici |
| | | | | | | | | pation |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| White male | 385 | 10 | 36.3% | 31.7% | 25 | 6 | 6 | .98 |
| | | 60 | | | .2% | 8. | 9. | |
| | | | | | | 3% | 5% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| White | 119 | 3 | 38.9% | 35.1% | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1.05 |
| female | | 06 | | | .8% | 1. | 0. | |
| | | | | | | 1% | 1% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Minority | 39 | 1 | 37.2% | 44.0% | 2 | 6. | 6. | 1.00 |
| male | | 05 | | | .6% | 9% | 9% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Minority | 21 | 55 | 38.2% | 38.0% | 1 | 3. | 3. | 1.03 |
| female | | | | | .4% | 7% | 6% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| White | 504 | 13 | 36.9% | 32.4% | 33 | 8 | 8 | 1.00 |
| | | 66 | | | .0% | 9. | 9. | |
| | | | | | | 4% | 5% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Minority | 60 | 1 | 37.5% | 41.9% | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1.01 |
| | | 60 | | | .9% | 0. | 0. | |
| | | | | | | 6% | 5% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Black | 28 | 67 | 41.8% | 46.4% | 1 | 5. | 4. | 1.14 |
| | | | | | .8% | 0% | 4% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Hispanic | 25 | 70 | 35.7% | 42.9% | 1 | 4. | 4. | .96 |
| | | | | | .6% | 4% | 6% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Asian | 2 | 4 | 50.0% | 75.0% | 0 | 0. | 0. | 1.33 |
| | | | | | .1% | 4% | 3% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| American | 1 | 8 | 12.5% | 8.2% | 0 | 0. | 0. | .40 |
| Indian | | | | | .1% | 2% | 5% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Male | 424 | 11 | 36.3% | 32.6% | 27 | 7 | 7 | .98 |
| | | 65 | | | .8% | 5. | 6. | |
| | | | | | | 0% | 3% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| Female | 140 | 3 | 38.8% | 35.5% | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1.05 |
| | | 61 | | | .2% | 4. | 3. | |
| | | | | | | 8% | 7% | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+-------------+-----+----+--------+-------+-----+----+----+--------+
Relative win rate (party basis) = \# winning parties in-group / \# of
parties in-group.
Relative win rate (equity basis) = winning equity in group / total
equity for group
Absolute win rate = \# winning parties in-group / total \# of parties.
\% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners
\% participation = \# of parties / total parties
Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
> Table 12.
>
> Population Weighted Win Rates (By race and gender) -- Radio
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | Population | | | |
| | Weighted | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Group | \% of | \% | | Disparity |
| | winners | pa | | Ratio: |
| | | rticipation | | |
| | | | | %winning |
| | | | | |
| | | | | ÷ |
| | | | | %participation |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White male | 58.3% | 56.0% | | 1.04 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White female | 11.8% | 12.1% | | .98 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority male | 27.0% | 26.7% | | 1.01 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority female | 2.9% | 5.2% | | .56 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| White | 70.1% | 68.1% | | 1.03 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Minority | 29.9% | 31.9% | | .94 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Black | 27.4% | 17.8% | | 1.54 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Hispanic | 2.0% | 12.4% | | .16 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Asian | 0.1% | 1.4% | | .07 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| American Indian | 0.1% | 0.1% | | 1.00 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| | | | | |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Male | 85.2% | 82.7% | | 1.03 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
| Female | 14.7% | 17.3% | | .85 |
+---------------------+--------------+-------------+---+----------------+
\% of winners = \# of winners / total number of winners -- weighted by
population in area of license
> \% participation = \# of parties / total parties -- weighted by
> population in area of license
>
> Disparity ratio = % of winners / % participation
In addition to the relatively simple win rates defined above, we
developed a relatively more sophisticated measure of potential win rate
disparity referred to as the "relative award rate (R)". The relative
award rate for minorities is the percentage of license awards to
minorities relative to average minority participation. The relative
award rate *R* is defined by the following equation:
{width="2.7222222222222223in"
height="0.4722222222222222in"}
where *N* is the number of hearings, *i* indexes hearings, *z~i~* takes
a value of one if the license in hearing *i* is awarded to a minority
and zero if not, and *m~i~* is the percentage of minority applicants in
hearing *i*. The relative award rate is defined analogously for
non-minorities, males, and females. These calculations take place across
the 230 hearings. The determination of whether a hearing is won by a
minority is dependent upon the count of minorities in the winning
application versus the number of non-minorities in the winning
application. When the number of minorities in the winning application
exceeds the number of non-minorities, the winning application is
considered as minority. Similarly when the number of females in the
winning application exceeds the number of males, the winning application
is considered as female.
The calculation of the relative award rate is also performed using
equity as the determinant of control of the application.
The value of *R* must lie between one and minus one. If minorities are
on average awarded licenses in proportion to their participation, *R*
will be zero. Thus, we define "no disparity" as *R* = 0. If minorities
are awarded licenses less than suggested by their percentage of
applications, *R* will be negative. If minorities are awarded licenses
more than suggested by their percentage of applications, *R* will be
positive.
The measure *R* has the statistical advantage, among the more
sophisticated measures we considered, of being defined as a population
mean. For a population of hearings, we can estimate the population mean
of *R* by taking a sample of hearings, determining minority status for
each application and for the winning application in each sampled
hearing, and computing the sample mean corresponding to *R*. The sample
mean is an unbiased and consistent estimator of the population mean
{width="0.16666666666666666in"
height="0.18055555555555555in"}. Further, if the sample is drawn
randomly the sampled hearings are independent, and the variance of the
sample mean can be derived and computed with relative ease. The sample
mean and variance can be used to perform a statistical test of the
hypothesis that *R* = 0, i.e. the hypothesis of no disparity.
In contrast to some other measures that are presented later, such as the
"winner take all win rates", the relative award rate is calculated over
hearings and measures success in hearings relative to average
participation in hearings.
This is our preferred measure because the calculation of *R* is based on
the relative minority participation within a *hearing*. This controls
for competition within hearings of different sizes (number of
applications) and places minority participation and win rate within the
context of its particular hearing. Other measures presented in this
paper do not take advantage of hearing groups but, rather, calculates
win rates for applications and parties as if they are independent of one
another.
Table 13 presents the relative award rates for All Broadcast, TV, and
Radio for non-minorities, minorities, males, and females (using the
count of participants in each group as the determinant of which group
controls the winning application).
Table 13.
Relative Award Rates
(Using majority based on body counts to define winning group)
--------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------
All Broadcast TV Radio
Male .09 .09 .09
Female -.09 -.09 -.09
Non-minority .014 .01 .015
Minority -.014 -.01 -.015
--------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------
Table 14 presents the relative award rates for All Broadcast, TV, and
Radio for non-minorities, minorities, males, and females (using the
majority equity definition as the determinant of which group controls
the winning application).
Table 14
Relative Award Rates
(Using majority based on equity to define winning group)
--------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------
All Broadcast TV Radio
Male .02 .03 .02
Female -.02 -.03 .-.02
Non-minority .003 .02 -.006
Minority -.003 -.02 .006
--------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------
According to these two tables, the relative award rates for males are
higher than those for females. The non-minority relative award rates are
slightly higher than minority based on using a definition where the
counts of the parties from each group in the application determine the
winning group of the application. Using the alternative definition where
the group with the most equity is defined as the winner of the winning
application, there is little difference between non-minorities and
minority relative award rates.
Standard errors for the estimates in Tables 13 and 14 are shown in Table
II.1 in appendix II. Calculation of the 95% confidence intervals for
these estimates suggests that there is a statistically significant
difference between the male and female relative award rates shown in
Table 13 (where the count of parties in each group determines the group
who controls the winning application). This is the only instance where
there is a statistically significant difference in any of these relative
award rates. There are no statistically significant difference between
the relative award rates for minorities and non-minorities.
It is important to note here that the period examined in this study was
the period during which the FCC awarded credit for minority or female
participation.[^19] Thus, one might expect that minorities and women
would have similar success rates to non-minorities.
# VII. Win Rates and Disparity Ratios by Race and Gender, Based on Definition of Control
Table 15 shows the number of applications that each group controls from
an equity perspective. We refer to the number of these applications as
"winner take all" since we make an assumption that if this application
wins, then it is a win for this particular group.
We classify a particular group as controlling an application if and only
if that group owns greater than 50% of the equity associated with an
application. We classify a particular group as having won a hearing in a
winner take all setting if and only if that group owns greater than 50%
of the equity in the winning application for that hearing.
According to this definition of control, non-minorities control 670 or
90.5 % of all applications while minorities' control 70 or 9.5 % of all
applications. For radio, non-minorities control 451 or 91.3% of radio
applications and minorities control 8.7%. For television, non-minorities
control 89% of TV applications and minorities control 11%.
Table 15.
Applications where Group has Majority Equity
(by Gender and Minority Status)
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| | All | Parti | R | Parti | TV | Parti |
| | | cipation | adio | cipation | | cipation |
| | Br | Share | | Share | | Share |
| | oadcast | | | | | |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| Total | 740 | | 494 | | 246 | |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| No | 670 | 90.5% | 451 | 91.3% | 219 | 89% |
| n-minority | | | | | | |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| Minority | 64 | 8.6% | 38 | 7.7% | 26 | 11% |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| | | | | | | |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| Male | 600 | 81.1% | 385 | 77.9% | 215 | 87.4% |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
| Female | 109 | 14.7% | 79 | 16.0% | 30 | 12.2% |
+------------+---------+----------+------+----------+-----+----------+
\*Ties are excluded from these counts so shares will not sum to exactly
100%.
By gender, females have majority ownership for 109 or 14.7% of
applications, which is split between 79 (16%) for radio and 30 (12.2%)
for TV. Males control 600 or 81.1% of applications, which is split
between 385 (77.9%) for radio and 215 (87.4%) for TV.
Table 16 shows the number of winning applications controlled by each
group (see panel 1), and the total number of applications controlled by
each group (see panel 2) where control is defined as owning greater than
50% of equity. It also shows the total number of applications with
participation by each group, regardless of control (see panel 3).[^20]
The number of applications (panel 1) will be used as the numerator in an
alternative measure of relative win rates and disparity ratios while
number of applications in panels (2) and (3) will be used as the
alternative availability measures for the denominator of the relative
win rates and disparity ratios.
Table 16.
Winner Take All Applications
(Applications by Gender and Minority Status where Group has Majority
Equity)
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Winning (1)</td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Total (2)</p>
<p>(Narrow Availability Measure)</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>All Apps Regardless of Control (3)*</p>
<p>(Broad Availability Measure)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>All</td>
<td>Radio</td>
<td>TV</td>
<td>All</td>
<td>Radio</td>
<td>TV</td>
<td>All</td>
<td>Radio</td>
<td>TV</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-minority</td>
<td>213</td>
<td>145</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>451</td>
<td>219</td>
<td>705</td>
<td>474</td>
<td>231</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minority</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Male</td>
<td>191</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>600</td>
<td>385</td>
<td>215</td>
<td>694</td>
<td>458</td>
<td>236</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Female</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>239</td>
<td>135</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
\* This measure has the property that applications will have no unique
classification for any one group
Counts for each demographic group in (1) and (2) are based on having
majority equity in an application.
Counts in (3) are based on having any participation by a demographic
group in an application.
Counts in (1) and (2) exclude ties.
Table 17 presents a relative win rate based on the winner take all
definition of success and using the narrow measure of availability, i.e.
only the applications for which the demographic group has majority
equity. Table 17a shows the disparity ratio using the narrow measure of
availability.
Table 17.
Winner Take all Relative Win Rate using
Narrow Availability Measure (1) / (2)
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Non-minority | 31.8% | 32.2% | 31.1% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 37.5% | 44.7% | 26.9% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 31.8% | 32.5% | 30.7% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 34.9% | 35.4% | 33.3% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
These calculations are based on data from Table 16; e.g.
> Minority TV 7/26=26.9%.
Table 17a.
Disparity Ratio Using
Narrow Availability Measure
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Non-minority | .98 | .97 | 1.01 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 1.16 | 1.35 | .88 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | .99 | .98 | .99 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Disparity ratio = % winning / % availability
e.g. .Minority Broadcast = (24/237) / (64/734) = 1.16
Table 18 shows a relative win ratio based on the winner take all
definition of success and using a broader measure of availability than
the measure used in Table 17. Based on this measure, minority and female
controlled applications have a lower probability of winning a license
than non-minority and male controlled applications. Table 18a shows the
corresponding disparity ratio. The broader measure of availability is
based on including all applications with representation in the group,
regardless of who controls the application from an equity perspective.
The idea behind this ratio is that availability should include all who
are ready, willing, and able to bid on a license.
Table 18.
Winner Take all Relative Win Rate using
Broader Availability Measure (1) / (3)
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Non-minority | 30.2% | 30.6% | 29.4% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 19.7% | 23.6% | 14.0% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 27.5% | 27.3% | 28.0% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 10.2% | 11.7% | 7.4% |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
> These calculations are based on data from Table 16; e.g.
>
> Minority TV: 7/50=14%
Table 18a.
Disparity Ratio using
Broader Availability Measure (1) / (3)
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Non-minority | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.10 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | .69 | .80 | .52 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.37 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | .47 | .53 | .36 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Disparity ratio = % winning / % availability
Based on using the broader definition of availability in the relative
win rates and disparity ratios, there is a statistically significant
difference between both non-minority and minority relative win rates and
disparity ratios and between male and female relative win rates and
disparity ratios. The results from Tables 18 and 18a rely on broader
definitions of availability that includes all those who have
participated in the process, regardless of whether they have the
capability of controlling the application from an equity perspective.
# VIII. Level of Competition within Hearings
While another part of the analysis, which is presented in a companion
report, will control for various differences in the characteristics of
applicants, we will also provide here some basic data on the level of
competition within hearings, i.e. the number of applications of various
groups within hearings. The purpose of presenting these data is to get
an idea of how competitive each hearing is based on the number of
applicants. It will be interesting to determine if there are any
differences in the number of applications in hearings with and without
minority participation.
The following tables show the average number of parties in applications
and the average number of applications in hearings by minority status
and gender. Examination of these averages may be suggestive of the odds
of winning a hearing based solely on the number of competing
applications.
Table 19.
Average number of parties in applications by Race and Gender
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| All Applications | 4.2 | 3.1 | 6.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | 4.3 | 3.1 | 6.6 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 5.9 | 4.5 | 7.9 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 4.4 | 3.2 | 6.5 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 5.5 | 4.2 | 8.0 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Averages are based on using only applications with
at least one party that is in group
Based on all applications, there tend to be more parties in applications
with minority or female representation than there are for applications
with white parties (5.9 for minority, 5.5 for female, and 4.3 for
white). This is a sizable difference. For winning applications, the
difference is even greater; there are 8.3 parties in winning
applications with minority representation, 6.5 parties for winning
applications with female representation, and only 5 parties for winning
applications with white representation.
Table 20
Average number of parties per winning application
by Race and Gender
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| All Applications | 4.9 | 3.4 | 8.0 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | 5.0 | 3.5 | 8.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 8.3 | 4.8 | 13.0 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 5.1 | 3.6 | 8.4 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 6.5 | 4.5 | 10.2 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Averages are based on using only applications with
at least one party that is in group
Table 21
Average number of minority parties per winning application
by Race and Gender
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| All Applications | .5 | .4 | .7 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | .4 | .2 | .7 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.7 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | .5 | .4 | .8 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | .7 | .4 | 1.1 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Averages are based on using only applications with
at least one party that is in group
Table 22
Average Number of white parties per winning application
by Race and Gender
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | All | Radio | TV |
| | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| All Applications | 4.4 | 3.1 | 7.2 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | 4.6 | 3.3 | 7.6 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 5.9 | 2.8 | 10.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 4.6 | 3.2 | 7.6 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 5.9 | 4.1 | 9.2 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Averages are based on using only applications with
at least one party that is in group
Table 23 shows that there are also differences between the number of
applications in hearings with and without minority participation. For
those hearings where a minority is represented within an application,
there are on average 3.7 applications per hearing. For those hearings
with female participation, there are an average of 3.4 applications per
hearing, while for those hearings without minority participation, there
is an average of 3.2 applications per hearing. This suggests that the
odds of winning a license may be lower in hearings with minority or
female participation.
Table 23
Average Number of Applications per Hearing
by Race and Gender (where there is at least one party of type)
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Hearing with at least | All | Radio | TV |
| one party | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
Averages are based on using only applications with
at least one party that is in group
The corresponding average number of applications per hearing when there
is at least one application in the hearing that is controlled by a group
is shown below. Recall that control is defined as having greater than
50% equity.
Table 24
Average Number of Applications per Hearing
by Race and Gender (where group has control)
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Group with at least one | All | Radio | TV |
| application | | | |
| | Broadcast | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| White | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Minority | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| | | | |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Male | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
| Female | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
+--------------------------+----------------+------------+------------+
These results are similar to those in the previous table. It appears
that minority and female controlled applications may face more
competition in the form of a greater number of competing applications in
the comparative hearing.
# Appendix I: Information Collected from Form 301 for the Development
# of Utilization Ratios
## General Hearing Information
1. Docket number
2. Number of Applications
3. Community
4. Channel
5. Frequency
6. Service (select one) : ¨ AM ¨ FM ¨ TV
## APPLICATION (form 301) INFORMATION
For each Application:
1. Name of Applying Organization:
2. Number of Parties
3. Date Application Filed
4. Winner ¨ Yes ¨ No
5. Merger ¨ Yes ¨ No
6. Dismiss: ¨ Yes ¨ No
7. Appeal: ¨ Yes ¨ No
**For Each Party to an Application:**
1. Party Name
2. Party number
3. Position
4. Ownership (percentage of ownership)
5. Voting (percent of control)
6. Gender (pick one) ¨ Male ¨ Female
7. Minority status: ¨ Yes ¨ No
8. Race/Ethnicity: ¨ Black ¨ Hispanic ¨ Asian ¨ American Indian/Eskimo
# Appendix II. Standard Deviations of Estimates Presented in Tables
Note that all of the ratios, averages, and other calculations presented
in this memo are not exact calculations generated from the population of
comparative hearings. Instead, all of these calculations are estimates
based off of a sample of comparative hearings drawn from the population.
For this reason, when discussing the results of this memo it is
necessary to account for the uncertainty associated with any estimate.
This uncertainty is stated in terms of the standard deviation of the
estimate. Let us refer to the estimate as "p" and the standard deviation
as "s". Then, for each of the estimates in this memo, it is appropriate
to state that we are 95% confident that the true population value lies
in the range:
\[ p -- 1.96 \* s , p + 1.96 \* s\]
Hence, knowing the standard deviation associated with each estimate is
critical. The standard deviations associated with several of the more
central estimates are provided in Tables II.1 and Table II.2. Table II.1
provides the standard deviations for several of the win rates presented
in the report. Table II.2 provides the standard deviations for several
of the averages presented in the report.
Note that the standard deviations of the population proportions in Table
II.1 are relatively straightforward to calculate. These population
estimates are in the form of a binomial estimate. The standard deviation
of a binomial estimator is simply a function of the sample proportion
and the sample size.
The calculation of the standard deviation associated with the winning
percentages in Table II.1, on the other hand, is complicated. The
winning percentages are in the form of ratio estimates. The standard
deviation of a ratio estimate is a complicated function of the sample
variances and co-variances of components of the ratio calculation and
the sample size.[^21]
We accounted for the finite sample size correction when calculating the
standard deviations of the population proportions and the estimates of
the winning percentages.
Table II.1
Standard Errors Associated with Selected Estimated Rates
-------------------------------------- ------------ ---------- -------- ------
Standard
Deviations
Estimates All TV Radio
Broadcast
Relative win rate for non-minority 0.76% 0.92% 1.46%
males
Relative win rate for minority males 2.11% 6.09% 0.97%
Relative win rate for white females 1.96% 2.23% 3.68%
Relative win rate for minority females 5.63% 10.03% 3.59%
Relative win rate for non-minorities 0.71% 0.86% 1.37%
Relative win rate for minorities 2.05% 5.23% 1.00%
Relative win rate for blacks 2.69% 8.92% 1.18%
Relative win rate for Hispanics 3.28% 7.74% 1.69%
Relative win rate for Asians 6.54% 13.43% 3.64%
Relative win rate for American Indians 20.40% 22.64% 43.45%
Relative win rate for females 1.85% 2.20% 2.79%
Relative win rate for males 0.72% 0.92% 1.04%
Participation rate for white males 0.60% 0.70% 1.01%
Participation rate for minority males 0.37% 0.31% 0.90%
Participation rate for white females 0.49% 0.63% 0.66%
Participation rate for minority 0.20% 0.20% 0.45%
females
Participation rate for whites 0.42% 0.36% 0.95%
Participation rate for minorities 0.42% 0.36% 0.95%
Participation rate for blacks 0.30% 0.21% 0.78%
Participation rate for Hispanics 0.27% 0.25% 0.67%
Participation rate for Asians 0.11% 0.11% 0.24%
Participation rate for American 0.06% 0.07% 0.07%
Indians
Participation rate for females 0.52% 0.65% 0.77%
Participation rate for males 0.52% 0.65% 0.77%
-------------------------------------- ------------ ---------- -------- ------
Table II.1 (cont.)
Standard Errors Associated with Selected Estimates
-------------------------------------- ------------ ---------- ---------
Standard
Deviations
Estimates All TV Radio
Broadcast
Party defined winning differential
(table 13)
Minority 1.07% 2.00% 1.50%
Non-minority 1.07% 2.00% 1.50%
Female 1.67% 2.50% 2.20%
Male 1.67% 2.50% 2.20%
Equity defined winning differential
(table 14)
Minority 1.20% 2.20% 1.30%
Non-minority 1.20% 2.20% 1.30%
Female 1.70% 2.70% 2.20%
Male 1.70% 2.70% 2.20%
Winner Take All (Narrow Measure --
table 17)
Minority 2.70% 2.77% 3.94%
Non-minority 1.29% 1.69% 1.67%
Female 1.16% 1.27% 1.64%
Male 1.26% 1.65% 1.64%
Winner Take All (Broader Measure --
table 18)
Minority 4.22% 4.76% 5.87%
Non-Minority 1.34% 1.76% 1.73%
Female 2.80% 4.73% 3.29%
Male 1.42% 1.77% 1.88%
-------------------------------------- ------------ ---------- ---------
Table II.2
Standard Errors Associated with Selected Estimated Averages
---------------------------------- -------------- ---------- ----------
Estimate Standard
Deviations
All Broadcast TV Radio
Average parties per application
all apps 0.17 0.38 0.14
When at least one party is:
Minority 0.63 1.26 0.58
White 0.17 0.40 0.14
Male 0.17 0.39 0.14
Female 0.28 0.59 0.24
Average parties per winning app
Overall 0.38 0.96 0.28
When at least one party is:
Minority 1.33 2.50 1.03
White 0.40 0.99 0.30
Male 0.41 1.01 0.30
Female 0.60 1.32 0.47
Average apps per hearing
Overall 0.13 0.24 0.16
When at least one party is:
Minority 0.28 0.42 0.38
White 0.13 0.25 0.16
Male 0.13 0.25 0.16
Female 0.15 0.28 0.18
---------------------------------- -------------- ---------- ----------
Consider some examples how uncertainty impacts the interpretation of the
estimates in this report. Consider the (unweighted) relative win rate
for whites, 37%, and minorities, 36.9%. The standard deviation
associated with the measure for whites is .76%, a very small standard
deviation. The standard deviation associated with the corresponding
estimate of the minority win rate is a larger 2.11%. This implies that
we can be 95% sure that the true population relative win rate for whites
falls in the range (35.48%, 38.52%). The corresponding range for
minorities is (32.68%, 41.12%). The measure for minorities is less
precise because there are fewer minority parties in our sample.
Note that there exists significant overlap between the two 95%
confidence intervals stated in the above example. This implies that we
can not reject the hypothesis that the two true population relative win
rates (the one for whites and the one for minorities) are equal to each
other. In fact, this in ability to reject the hypothesis of equality
applies to a significant percentage of all the "win rates" stated in
this memo.
Consider the example of the winner take all relative win rate, for all
broadcast hearings, with the broader definition of availability. Using
the statistics in Table 18, the win rate for whites is 30%, with a
standard deviation of 1.29% (see Table II.1) and the win rate for
minorities is 21%, with a 2.8% standard deviation. This implies that we
can be 95% certain that the true population value for whites falls in
the range (27.42%, 32.58%) and the true population for minorities falls
in the range (18.42%, 26.6%). Note that these confidence intervals do
not overlap. Hence, we can assert, with 95% confidence, that the true
population values for these two statistics are not equal. Using the same
methodology one can show that there is a statistically significant
difference between the win rate for men and women for the same specified
win rate formula.
[^1]: After comparative hearings, the FCC used auctions to award
licenses. The first auction took place in 1999.
[^2]: While the FCC's Request for Proposal focused on utilization, and
participation, we also measure disparity. We define utilization
differently than it is defined in the FCC's RFP. The RFP describes
utilization as the percentage of wins for each racial group, e.g.
wins for group divided by the number of participants for group.
While we make this calculation, we refer to it as a win rate rather
than utilization rate. The standard literature on utilization refers
to a utilization rate as the percentage of licenses won by each
racial group. E.g. total wins for each group divided by total awards
(for all groups combined). Participation (or availability) refers to
the percentage of total availability that is comprised of each
racial group. Disparity is a measure of utilization relative to
availability. Typically in the literature on disparity studies, if
the disparity ratio is substantively less than 1, say .8, then it is
not unreasonable to suspect the possibility that discrimination may
be present.
[^3]: There are two companion pieces to this study that were prepared by
KPMG. The first is "History of the Broadcast License Application
Process". This report describes the license application and award
process in great detail. The second companion study prepared by
KPMG, "Logistic Regression Models of the Broadcast License Award
Process for Licenses Awarded by the FCC", presents models of the
license award process that attempt to determine how race, gender and
other factors influenced the allocation of licenses awarded by the
FCC.
[^4]: This section is an abbreviated discussion. More detail is provided
in the KPMG report, "History of the Broadcast License Application
Process".
[^5]: Communications Act of 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, 73rd Cong., 2d
Sess. (1934) codified as amended at 47 U.S.C. §151 et seq. (1937).
[^6]: Lawmakers anticipated the possibility that disputes might arise in
the process of awarding broadcast licenses. Section 309 (a) of the
Act grants authority to the FCC to assign any dispute over a license
to a judicial hearing: If upon examination of any application for a
station license or for the renewal or modification of a station
license the Commission shall determine that public interest,
convenience, or necessity would be served by the granting thereof,
it shall authorize the issuance, renewal, or modification thereof in
accordance with said finding. In the event the Commission upon
examination of any such application does not reach such a decision
with respect thereto, it shall notify the applicant thereof, shall
fix and give notice of a time and place for the hearing thereon, and
shall afford such applicant an opportunity to be heard under such
rules and regulations as it may prescribe.
[^7]: See Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993. Pursuant to this
Act, the FCC received the authority to conduct auctions. Also note
that competitive bidding was not required for broadcast license
awards in which only one applicant expressed interest.
[^8]: The FCC also requested an analysis of the period before minority
preferences were in place. However, the cost of acquiring the
necessary data prior to the minority and female preference period
would have been prohibitive. KPMG examined the records in the FCC
archives and determined that there was insufficient data on race of
applicant. Therefore, analysis of this period would require KPMG to
locate and survey license applicants using contact (name and address
information) that was 20 or more years old. Based on a pilot survey
of secondary market participants who sold a broadcast station
between 1993 and 1999, KPMG estimated that only a 3.2 percent
response rate could be achieved. Based on this experience and due to
the fact that these contact information were approximately 20 years
old, it was highly unlikely that KPMG would have been able to
collect sufficient data for the pre-preference period; therefore
this part of the study was terminated.
[^9]: While financial information was not necessary for the construction
of success ratios for groups in attaining broadcast licenses
(utilization ratios), it was necessary for developing a regression
model of the award process based on the factors and policies
identified by the FCC as important to the award of a broadcast
license. Although the selection of these time periods was guided by
the requirements of the regression model, these periods are also
useful for the construction of utilization ratios. Both of these
time periods encompass the period when minority preference policies
were used by the FCC in the award of broadcast licenses.
[^10]: The data collected for the development of the utilization ratios
was limited to a few key items. A more comprehensive data collection
was performed for a subset of these hearings for the regression
model.
[^11]: While we use the words participation and availability almost
interchangeably in this document, there is a distinction.
Participation refers to the people who have actually participated in
the comparative hearing process. While we use this as a measure of
availability, we should also point out that this measure could be
biased downward if discrimination was responsible for inhibiting
participation. More information on this issue is provided in section
IV, "Definition of Win Rates, Availability ....".
[^12]: While we have included a population weighted measure here, there
are many other factors that we should control for. KPMG's companion
report performs this more rigorous analysis.
[^13]: 488 U.S. 469, 109 S.Ct. 706; City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson
Company (1989) U.S. Supreme Court
[^14]: The disparity measure that we calculate is widely used by state
and local governments when calculating disparity in the award of
public contracts. This measure is not necessarily the best measure
for the purpose of measuring disparity in the award of licenses,
which unlike recurring public contracts, are only awarded on a
one-time basis. Our preferred measure is the relative award rate
that is presented in Table 13.
[^15]: Without collecting data from the period before preferences were
in place, it is not apparent how much additional minority and female
participation has resulted from the FCC's stated policy of providing
credit for minority and female participation in applications.
However, it has been established that ownership of broadcast
licenses was as low as 10 out of 7,500 radio stations and none of
the more than 1,000 television stations held in 1971 (see TV 9 Inc.
v. FCC, 161 U.S. App. D.C. 349, 347, n. 28, 495 F.2d 929, 937 n. 28
(1973)).
[^16]: We define a hearing as consisting of two or more applications. We
define each application as consisting of one or more parties. For
our purposes the word "party" and the word "individual" are
synonymous.
[^17]: It is assumed that the discrepancy between total minority
reported and the sum of the finer reporting level (by race) is
equally distributed across the race categories.
[^18]: Place and County Subdivision Population Estimates,
http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/citypop.html
[^19]: See footnote 8
[^20]: Participation, in this instance, is simply defined as the
presence of at least 1 party of that demographic group in an
application.
[^21]: See Cochran, William G., [Sampling Techniques]{.underline}, New
York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1977 page 164, formula 6.44 for the
estimate, and formula 6.45 for the variance of the estimate.
| en |
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Date: Tue, 20 Mar 2007 10:00:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: Francesco Pietra <chiendarret@yahoo.com>
Subject: [NWCHEM] Partial atomic charges
To: users nwchem <nwchem-users@emsl.pnl.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
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Precedence: bulk
I am setting up classical (Amber FF) simulations on
natural products, where the "fragment" is the final
"sequence" approaching the limit of 99 atoms.
Difficult, if possible at all, to cut the molecule
into fragments.
In learning about the method used to define the
partial charges, I came across a discouraging (for my
type of job) description:
"One of the weak points of CHELPG (and other
approaches based on fitting the MEP) is the treatment
of larger systems, in which some of the innermost
atoms are located far away from the points at which
the MEP is evaluated. In such a situation, variations
of the innermost atomic charges will not lead to
significant changes of the MEP potential outside of
the molecule and fitting of these atomic charges will
therefore not result in meaningful results. It should
also be remembered that atomic charges can depend
strongly on the conformation of the molecule.
Representative atomic charges for flexible molecules
should therefore be derived as average values over
several conformers. Using ethanol as an example, the
charge parameters derived for the Cs symmetric
conformer A and the C1 symmetric conformer B vary, in
part, by almost 30%. The variation is, however, rather
different for different parts of the
system(http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/zipse/compchem/pop/chelpg.html)"
At any event, for a given novel fragment (geometry
optimized with MM global space search), should the
RHF-ESP calculation be preceded by a RHF-Geometry
calculation?
I rely on Ecce for the ESP calculation, though it
seems to me that the question I posed is valid also
for using NWChem directly.
Thanks
francesco pietra
____________________________________________________________________________________
Now that's room service! Choose from over 150,000 hotels
in 45,000 destinations on Yahoo! Travel to find your fit.
http://farechase.yahoo.com/promo-generic-14795097
| en |
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307 Mott, R.J. and L.D. Farley-Gill, 1981.
Two late Quaternary pollen profiles from Gatineau Park, Quebec.
Geological Survey of Canada Paper 80-31:1-10.
321 Nelson, S., unpublished data.
322 Nicholas, J., 1968.
"Late Pleistocene palynology of southeastern New York and
northern New Jersey." Ph.D. Thesis, New York University.
Central Canadian palynology and its relevance to northwestern
Europe in the late Quaternary period. Review of Palaeobotany
and Palynology 2:231-243.
159 Ogden, J.G. III, unpublished data.
157 Ogden, J.G., III and R.J. Hay, 1967.
Ohio Wesleyan University natural radiocarbon measurements III.
Radiocarbon 9:316-332.
54 Ogden, J.G., III, 1966.
Forest history of Ohio: radiocarbon dates and pollen
stratigraphy of Silver Lake, Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science
66:387-400.
197 Overpeck, J.T., 1984.
A palynological and sedimentological investigation of a late
Quaternary peat bog in the south-central Adirondack Mountains,
New York. Geological Society of America Bulletin (in press).
198 Patterson, W. III, unpublished data.
199 Peters, A. and T. Webb III, 1979.
A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from west-central Wisconsin.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 60:102.
202 Richard, P., unpublished data.
200 Richard, P., 1977.
Histoire post-wisconsinienne de la vegetation du Quebec
meridional par l'analyse pollinique. Service de la Recherche,
Direction General des Forets, Ministere des Terres et Forets,
Quebec, tome 1, 312 pp. tome 2, 142 pp.
201 Richard, P., 1979.
Contribution a l'histoire postglaciaire de la vegetation au
nord-est de la Jamesie, Nouveau-Quebec. Geographie physique et
Quaternaire 33:93-112.
213 Richard, P., A. Larouche, and M. Bouchard, 1982.
Age de la deglaciation finale et histoire postglaciaire de la
vegetation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Quebec.
Geographie physique et Quaternaire 36:63-90.
275 Ritchie, J.C., 1969.
Absolute pollen frequencies and carbon-14 age of a section of
Holocene lake sediment from the Riding Mountain area of
Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Botany 47:1345-1349.
273 Ritchie, J.C. and S. Lichti-Federovich, 1968.
Holocene pollen assemblages from the Tiger Hills, Manitoba.
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5:873-880.
274 Ritchie, J.C. and K.A. Hadden, 1975.
Pollen stratigraphy of Holocene sediments from the Grand Rapids
area, Manitoba, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
19:193-202.
205 Saarnisto, M., 1974.
The deglaciation history of the Lake Superior region and its
climatic implications. Quaternary Research 4:316-339.
206 Saarnisto, M., 1975.
Stratigraphic studies on the shoreline displacement of Lake
Superior. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12:300-319.
204 Savoie, L. and P. Richard., 1979.
Paleophytogeographie de l'episode de Saint'Narcisse dans la
region de Sainte-Agathe, Quebec. Geographie physique et
Quaternaire 33:175-188.
207 Shane, L.C.K., 1976.
"Late-glacial and postglacial palynology and chronology of
Drake County, west-central Ohio." Ph.D. Thesis, Kent State
University, Kent, Ohio.
136 Sheehan, M.C. and D.R. Whitehead, 1981.
Holocene vegetational changes in the Tombigbee River Valley,
eastern Mississippi. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of
America 62:126.
293 Short, S.K., unpublished data.
208 Short, S.K. and H. Nichols, 1977.
Holocene pollen diagrams from subarctic Labrador-Ungava:
vegetational history and climatic change. Arctic and Alpine
Research 9:265-290.
318 Spear, R.W., 1981.
"The history of high-elevation vegetation in the White
Mountains of New Hampshire." Ph.D. Thesis, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, 215 pp.
125 Spear, R.W. and N.G. Miller, 1976.
A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from the Allegheny Plateau
of New York State. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57:369-403.
314 Stravers, L.K.S., 1981.
"Palynology and deglaciation history of the central
Labrador-Ungava Peninsula." M.S. Thesis, University of
Colorado, Boulder, 171 pp.
277 Swain, P.C., 1979.
"The development of some bogs in eastern Minnesota." Ph.D.
Thesis. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
42 Terasmae, J., 1968.
A discussion of deglaciation and the boreal forest in the
northern Great Lakes region. Proceedings Entomological Society
of Onatrio 99:31-43.
33 Terasmae, J. and T.W. Anderson, 1970.
Hypsithermal range extension of white pine (Pinus strobus L.)
in Quebec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
7:406-413.
191 Trent, K.M., unpublished data.
316 Van Zant, K.L., unpublished data.
216 Van Zant, K.L., 1979.
Late-glacial and postglacial pollen and plant macrofossils from
Lake West Okoboji, northwestern Iowa. Quaternary Research
12:358-380.
101 Vincent, J.S., 1973.
A palynological study for the Little Clay Belt, northwestern
Quebec. Naturaliste canadien 100:59-69.
218 Waddington, J.C.B., 1969.
A stratigraphic record of pollen influx to a lake in the Big
Woods of Minnesota. Geological Society of America Special
Paper 123:263-282.
88 Walker, P.C. and R.I. Hartman., 1960.
The forest sequence of the Hartstown Bog area in western
Pennsylvania. Ecology 41:461-474.
82 Watts, W.A., 1970.
The full-glacial vegetation of northwestern Georgia. Ecology
51:17-33.
99 Watts, W.A., 1971.
Postglacial and interglacial vegetation history of southern
Georgia and central Florida. Ecology 52:676-690.
137 Watts, W.A., 1975.
A late Quaternary record of vegetation from Lake Annie,
south-central Florida. Geology 3:344-346.
133 Watts, W.A., 1980a.
Late-Quaternary vegetation history at White Pond on the inner
Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Quaternary Research
13:187-199.
219 Watts, W.A., 1980b.
Late Quaternary vegetation of central Appalachia and the New
Jersey coastal plain. Ecological Monographs 49:427-469.
221 Watts, W.A. and R.C. Bright, 1968.
Pollen, seed, and mollusk analysis of a sediment core from
Pickerel Lake, northeastern South Dakota. Geological Society
of America Bulletin 79:855-876.
22 Webb, T. III, 1974.
A vegetational history from northern Wisconsin. Evidence from
modern and fossil pollen. American Midland Naturalist
92:12-32.
309 Webb, T. III and R.A. Bryson, 1972.
Late- and postglacial climatic change in the northern Midwest,
U.S.A.: quantitative estimates derived from fossil pollen
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Research 2:70-115.
227 Whitehead, D.R., unpublished data.
152 Whitehead, D.R, 1972.
Developmental and environmental history of the Dismal Swamp.
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222 Whitehead, D.R, 1979.
Late-glacial and post-glacial vegetational history of the
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12:333-357.
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Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 25:471-481.
225 Williams, A.S., 1974.
Late-glacial -- postglacial vegetational history of the Pretty
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Professional Paper 686. 23 pp.
220 Wright, H.E., Jr. and W.A. Watts, 1969.
Glacial and vegetational history of northeastern Minnesota.
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278 Wright, H.E., Jr., T.C. Winter, and H.L. Patton, 1963.
Two pollen diagrams from southeastern Minnesota: problems in
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Society of America Bulletin 74:1371-1396.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 055694 | Text similarity searching and data mining of Medline: from studies in ethics to drug discovery.
Harold Skip Garner, the members of the laboratory and collaborators.
There is an immense amount of information within databases, specifically text databases, and new computational approaches may help us unlock
and exploit some of the hidden knowledge which can be derived from their contents. We have developed two applications that help in this process.
First, a text similarity code, eTBLAST, is free on the web (http://invention.swmed.edu/etblast/etblast.shtml) and is of value in identifying similar
literature without the user having to manipulate keywords. eTBLAST compares a query (a paragraph of text) to each record in Medline or other databases,
computes a similarity score and then presents the results to the user in rank order. This list and also post-processors that operate on this list aid
the user (researchers, clinicians, editors, reviewers, lawyers, etc.) in finding references, scanning the literature without substantial prior knowledge
of an area, find experts who frequently publish in the areas defined by the query, find journals that frequently publish manuscripts in areas similar
to the query, etc. Also, by randomly selecting Medline records and using them as queries we have also been able to measure the percentage of duplicate
publications in Medline and other characteristics of the publication process to address issues in ethics. Our code,
eTBLAST, and its duplicate publication database, dj vu (http://spore.swmed.edu/dejavu/), work together to not only study the problem of duplicate
publication but can also act as a deterrent, for submitted abstracts can be compared to the literature corpus for novelty. The bottom line
we have found tens of thousands of duplicate publications in Medline. Our second code, IRIDESCENT, identifies direct and implicit connections among
a set of 2.5 million biomedical objects (diseases, genes, drugs, chemicals, phenotypes, etc.) found to be co-mentioned in Medline (and other databases).
This code can be used to find hidden connections in, for example, lists of responsive genes found in microarray experiments, but most important, we are
using it as a hypothesis generation engine. Specifically, we are identifying potential new uses for existing drugs using this code and then after further
consideration and prioritization we test the suggested drugs in mouse models of the new indication. The bottom line we have 6 new drugs for
the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, with tests ongoing in models of atrial fibrillation, arthritis, epilepsy, basal
cell carcinoma and ALS.
For both of these projects, descriptions of the approach, characterization of the functionality and utility demonstrations will be presented.
Visit us at http://innovation.swmed.edu.
References.
1. Lewis J, Ossowski S, Hicks J, Errami M, Garner HR (2006). Text similarity: an alternative way to search MEDLINE. Bioinformatics 22: 2298-2304.
PMID: 16926219
2. Errami M, Wren JD, Hicks JM, Garner HR (2007). eTBLAST: a web server to identify expert reviewers, appropriate journals and similar publications.
Nucleic Acids Res. 35: W12-W15. PMID: 17452348
| en |
converted_docs | 736517 | Dated September 4, 2007
Michael D. Hampden
Partnership for Children\'s Rights
271 Madison Avenue, 17th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Dear. Mr. Hampden:
This letter is in response to your letter dated May 31, 2007 in which
you request clarification of a statement that appears in the preamble to
the final regulations for Part B of the 2004 reauthorization of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), published on August
14, 2006 in the Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 156, at page 46710,
concerning a change in former regulation 34 CFR §300.514, now 34 CFR
§300.518, Child\'s Status During Proceedings. You indicate that, \"The
following statement in the preamble has unfortunately occasioned
confusion ill due process administrative decisions in New York, to the
detriment of students\' rights:
To clarify that new § 300.518(d) (proposed § 300.518(c)) does not apply
to a first-tier due process hearing decision in a State that has two
tiers of administrative review, but only to a State-level hearing
officer\'s decision in a one-tier system or State review official\'s
decision in a two-tier system that is in favor of a parent\'s proposed
placement, we are removing the reference to \"local agency\" in new §
300.518(d). This change is made to align the regulation more closely
with case law.\"
In particular, you express concern that this statement has been
interpreted (incorrectly, you believe) to mean that pendency rights are
not established by an unappealed first-tier hearing decision on the
merits that is in favor of the parent.
Under 34 CFR §300.518(d) of the final Part B regulations, published
August 14, 2006, if the hearing officer in a due process hearing
conducted by the State educational agency (SEA) or a State review
official in an administrative appeal agrees with the child\'s parents
that a change of placement is appropriate, that placement must be
treated as an agreement between the State and parents for purposes of 34
CFR §300.518(a). Paragraph (a) states that, except as provided in 34 CFR
§300.533, during the pendency of any administrative or judicial
proceeding regarding a due process complaint notice requesting a due
process hearing under 34 CFR §300.507, unless the State or local agency
and the parents of the child agree otherwise, the child involved in the
complaint must remain in his or her current educational placement.
Under 34 CFR §300.518(a), if the parent is requesting a change of
placement with which the first-tier hearing officer agrees and the local
agency appeals that decision, the original placement (where the child
received services at the time the hearing request was made) is the
child\'s placement until the result of the appeal (second-tier hearing).
Under 34 CFR §300.518(d), if the result of the State-level appeal is
that the placement should be changed, as requested by the
Page 2 Michael D. Hampden, Esq.
parent, that placement is the child\'s placement during any subsequent
appeal to a court of competent jurisdiction. However, neither of these
provisions address a situation in a State that has a two-tier due
process system, in which a local agency does not appeal a first-tier due
process officer\'s decision on the merits that is favorable to the
parent. Under 34 CFR §300.514(a), an unappealed decision is final, and
must be implemented. That final decision on the merits, as implemented,
becomes the child\'s current educational placement.
In a single-tier system, the result of the initial hearing must be
treated as the child\'s current educational placement, pending any
judicial appeals by either party. If there are no appeals, the child\'s
placement remains in accordance with the hearing officer\'s decision.
The same decision rules apply if it is the local agency requesting the
change in placement. If the hearing officer agrees with the local
agency, in a two-tier system, and the parent does not appeal the
decision, the placement is that determined by the hearing decision. If
the parent appeals the decision, the child\'s placement at the time the
first-tier hearing was requested is the child\'s placement until the
result of the appeal. Once the second-tier placement decision is made,
that placement becomes the child\'s placement during any subsequent
judicial appeals.
Based on section 607(c) of the IDEA, we are informing you that our
response is provided as informal guidance and is not legally binding,
hut represents an interpretation by the U.S. Department of Education of
the IDEA in the context of the specific facts presented.
We hope this clarification is helpful. If you have further questions,
please do not hesitate to contact Deborah Morrow at 202-245-7456.
Sincerely,
/s/
Patricia J. Guard
Acting Director
Office of Special Education\
Programs
cc: Rebecca Cort
| en |
markdown | 674208 | # Presentation: 674208
## Proton bunch structures
- For muon experiments
## Meco proposal
- 1.1 x 108 protons/bunch
- 1.35 sec between bunches, 50% duty cycle
- 30 nsec bunch width
- 10-9 extinction between bunches
- 30 nsec
- 1.35 sec
- Detector Live
- 0.7 sec
## Prime proposal
- 90 bunches every 3.3 seconds
- 1 to 10 msec between bunches
- 10 nsec bunch width
- 3.7 x 1012 protons/bunch
- 10 nsec
- 1-10 msec
## Booster
- Batches at up to 15 Hz, 67 msec separation
- 80 bunches/batch, 19 nsec apart
- Batch is 1.6 sec (80 bunches + 4 empty)
- 7 x 1010 protons/bunch
- 19 nsec
## Proton driver
- Batches at 5 Hz
- 3 x 105 bunches/batch, 3 nsec apart
- Batch is 1 msec long
- 5 x 108 protons/bunch
- 3 nsec | en |
all-txt-docs | 374394 | 23b.Top front of head angulate in profile (Fig. 120). Fastigium distinct and concave. Pronotum with prozona much shorter than metazona. Hind tibiae with inner apical spur less than twice as long as outer. Frontal costa narrowed between or just behind antennae ... Pardalophora ................................................................................ 24 24a. Posterior angle of pronotum usually obtuse. Inner face of hind femora unicolor yellow, orange, or red. Hind wing disk yellow, orange, or pink ... P. haidenwni (Scudder) HAILDEMAN'S GRASSHOPPER 24b. Posterior angle of pronotum acute. Inner face of hind femora, banded. Hind wing disk yellow, orange, or pink .................. 25 25a. Inner face of hind femora partly bluish with two to four black bands. Hind wing disk yellow, orange, or pink ... P. saussurei (Scudder) SAUSSURE'S GRASSHOPPER 25b.Inner face of hind femora yellow to orange with two to three black bands. Hind wing disk pink. Tegmina streaked and blotched, not spotted. Sand hills or oak woodland ... P. apiculata (Harris). Color plate 4. 26a. Head large relative to pronotum, top of head higher than top of pronotum (Fig. 121). Frontal ridge usually strongly grooved ..................................................... 27 26b. Head small relative to pronotum (Fig. 122). Top of head nearly even with top of pronotwn. Frontal ridge flat or slightly grooved ........................................... 37 27a. Cerci flattened, spoon-shaped in both sexes (Fig. 123). Hind wing disk yellow, orange, or pink, with band ... Metatorpardatinus (Saussure) PARD GRASSHOPPER 27b.Cerci conical (Fig. 124) ................................... 28 28a.Pronotum smooth with median ridge incon- spicuous. With sharp, thin, white lines along lateral carinae, bordered by contrasting dark color. Hind wing disk yellowish ... Hippopedon .............................................. 29 28b.Pronotum with median ridge well developed, at least in paM or pronotum rough with lat- eW prominence on each side of aiidline.. 30 29a. Hind wings with dark band. Basal area yellow ... H. capito (SW) 29b.Hind wings without band. Basal area clear to yellow ... H. gracilipes (Caudell) 30a. Lower posterior margin of prono- | en |
converted_docs | 637368 | **National Ethics Teleconference**
***Terminal Sedation***
**August 27, 2002**
**INTRODUCTION**
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Good day everyone. This is Ken Berkowitz. I am an ethicist with the VHA
National Center for Ethic in Health Care and a physician at the VA New
York Harbor Health Care System, and I am pleased to welcome you all to
today\'s Ethics Hotline Call. By sponsoring this series of Ethics
Hotline Calls, the Center provides an opportunity for regular education
and open discussion of important VHA ethics issues. Each call features a
presentation on an interesting ethics topic followed by an open,
moderated discussion of that topic. After the discussion we reserve the
last few minutes of each call for our \"From the Field\" section and
this will be your opportunity to speak up and let us know what is on
your mind regarding ethics related topics other than the main focus of
today\'s call.
Before we get started, one brief announcement. Just reminding everyone
that at the Center our e-mail address has changed. The "vhaethics"
remains the prefix on the Outlook system, but after the @ symbol, the
new address reads hq.med.va.gov. That is
[vhaethics@hq.med.va.gov]{.underline}. Please make a note of this for
your records.
As we proceed with today\'s discussion on the topic of terminal
sedation, I would like to briefly review the overall ground rules for
the Ethics Hotline Calls. We ask that when you talk you begin by telling
us your name, location and title so that we can continue to get to know
each other better. We ask that you minimize background noise, and if you
have one, please do use the mute button on your phone unless you are
going to speak. And please, and I can\'t stress this enough, do not put
the call on hold, as automated recordings are very disruptive to the
call. Due to the interactive nature of the calls and the fact at times
we deal with sensitive issues, we think it is important to make two
final points. First, it is not the specific role of the National Center
for Ethics in Health Care to report policy violations. However, please
remember that there are many participants on the line, you are speaking
in an open forum and ultimately you are responsible for your own words.
Lastly, please remember that these hotline calls are not an appropriate
place to discuss specific cases or confidential information. If during
the discussions we hear people providing such information, we may
interrupt and ask them to make their comments more general.
**PRESENTATION**
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Now for today\'s discussion of terminal sedation. Terminal sedation, or
sedation for intractable suffering, is a controversial topic in both
clinical practice and in the medical literature. It\'s an area without
clear practice standards and no VHA policy specifically addresses it.
The goal of today\'s Hotline Call is to begin a non-judgmental, open VHA
dialogue of this sensitive issue. To start the discussion, I would like
to call on Joanne Joyner. Joanne is the Director of Nursing for the
Mental Health Service Line at the Washington DC VA Medical Center and a
medical ethicist who has been detailed to our Center through September.
Joanne, can you please provide us with some background and ethics
commentary on the topic of terminal sedation?
**Ms. Joyner:**
Thank you Ken. As Ken mentioned, terminal sedation continues to be a
controversial practice both ethically and in clinical practice. Indeed
the controversy starts with consideration of a name for the practice.
Terminal sedation has been troublesome to some because of the adjective
\"terminal\" and the thought that that is not explicit. Does it apply to
the patient implying that the patient is in the final stage of illness
or does it apply to the sedation implying that the object of the
practice is sedating the patient to death? Palliative sedation has also
been suggested, and is considered by some to be more linguistically
correct. Sedation of the imminently dying and sedation for intractable
distress and dying are two other names that have been offered.
The controversy continues also with the definition for terminal
sedation. Quill has termed it a clinical practice in which a patient is
sedated to unconsciousness to relieve severe physical suffering and is
then allowed to die of dehydration, starvation or some other intervening
complication as all life sustaining interventions are withheld. Rousseau
describes it as the intention of purposely inducing and maintaining the
coma state but not deliberately causing death in specific clinical
circumstances complicated by refractory symptoms. Morita et al speak of
palliative sedation and the use of sedative medications to relieve
intractable and refractory distress by reduction in the patient\'s
consciousness.
Clinical literature in this country and from around the world reports a
modest use of terminal sedation. Typically this discussion has been led
by palliative care specialists in the interest of relieving refractory
symptoms of patient suffering at the end of life. But it is also
important to note that the practice does not enjoy a consensus among
experts nor does it have official policy endorsement by any group.
Nevertheless, initial clinical guidelines for the use of terminal
sedation have been suggested and published by Quill in the *Annals of
Internal Medicine*, and these suggestions include the necessity for a
terminal prognosis, palliative care setting, the presence of severe
suffering that cannot be relieved by other available means, informed
consent, family involvement, screening for such issues as mental
illness, a second opinion from another health expert or palliative care
expert, and medical staff participation.
In a brief review of the literature, the physical symptoms for which
terminal sedation has most often been used include: pain, delirium,
dyspnea or respiratory distress, protracted vomiting, agitation and
seizures. There are also reports, although less frequent, of the use of
terminal sedation for nonphysical or psychological symptoms. Symptoms
such as psychological and spiritual distress, fear, panic and terror,
anguish and general malaise. And of course, it is the use of terminal
sedation in these nonphysical cases that sparks much of the controversy
about this intervention. Medications that are used include a range of
opioid barbiturates, neuroleptics, anxiolytics, or combinations of those
medications. And the average length of survival with initiation of
terminal sedation is approximately two to three days.
In terms of the ethical implication, health care professionals are
morally obligated to relieve pain and suffering. The standard for health
care practices in every culture is the presence of pain and suffering
and the desire for relief. In particular, we are obligated to act with
beneficence towards the dying, to do good and to promote good by
providing the best palliative care possible. Yet despite the very best
efforts in palliative care, some dying patients will experience
intractable pain and suffering. What does it mean to respond with
beneficence to these patients?
Clinicians and health care ethicists debate the practice the terminal
sedation as an appropriate response to this obligation. While proponents
view terminal sedation as a humane and appropriate therapy, others call
it slow euthanasia. The VA, of course, does not support euthanasia, slow
or otherwise, or physician-assisted suicide. Therefore, euthanasia and
physician-assisted suicide are not acceptable practices, even if thought
to be justified by beneficence or respect for autonomy. As such, it is
important that clinical and ethical distinctions be made when they exist
between these practices and terminal sedation.
The rule of double effect, which distinguishes between permissible and
prohibited actions by relying on the clinician\'s intent, has generally
been used to provide ethical support for terminal sedation. With the
rule of double effect, consequences or effects that would be morally
wrong if caused intentionally are permissible if the effects are not
intended but merely foreseeable.For example, the physician is morally
permitted to provide a medication with the intent to relieve pain and
suffering even when death may occur as a foreseen but unintended risk of
administering that medication. VA supports the rule of double effect in
these instances. In its 1999 publication on physician assisted suicide
in *Challenges and Change*, the report from VHA Bioethics Committee, VA
noted that \"if properly ordered and administered palliative care
unintentionally produces an acceleration of the moment of death, this
double effect is not considered physician assisted suicide or a
voluntary act of euthanasia. Rather it is the price of providing
adequate analgesia and comfort care.
Nevertheless, this justification and the justification of double effect
are not without their detractors. In fact, some view the use of the rule
of double effect to support terminal sedation as either inadequate or
disingenuous and self-deceptive. Disingenuous because it feels clear to
some that is the end goal when we intentionally keep the patient asleep,
withdrawing artificial support from vital functions and allow death to
occur. Further, many hold that we are indeed responsible for what we can
reasonably foresee as well as what we clearly intend. And in terminal
sedation, the patent's death is clearly foreseen. The rule is considered
inadequate because many feel that we can never know a clinician's intent
and intentions involved in end of life care are complex and maybe
ambiguous. Moreover, individual clinicians may not be aware of all of
their intentions. As psychology tells us, people rarely present only one
intent. In that instance then, should death be one of the intentions? An
appeal to the rule of double effect would offer no basis for clear moral
distinction between terminal sedation and euthanasia. How can it be
called self-deceptive? Some consider it to be self deceptive because
they will argue that again death actually is the intent, or at least one
of the intentions because the goal of relieving pain and suffering can
only be obtained by anesthetizing the patent until death, and therefore
the patient\'s death becomes the end point or one of the intended goals.
In this case, is the clinician practicing a form of self-deception or
unrecognized dishonesty? As Lowe noted in *the Archives of Internal
Medicine*, in the end, is there any distinction between giving an
overdose of a drug with the intent of causing death and giving sedation
with the intent of keeping the patient unconscious until death? In the
end, both patients are very dead.
Clearly, when you look at the literature a number of distinctions become
harder to make when other practices are added such as withdrawing life
prolonging therapies and/or progressively increasing the dose of a
sedation. So I guess the central question before us on this call for
discussion today is can we distinguish terminal sedation in any morally
relevant way from physician assisted suicide or even voluntary
euthanasia.
**MODERATED DISCUSSION**
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Thank you very much Joanne for briefly summarizing some of what is in
the literature, some of the terminology, some of the ethical issues to
consider when we are thinking about the practice of sedating patients
through the end stage of their life as a way to palliate intractable
suffering. That leaves us with a good 20 minutes for open discussion of
this topic, so feel free to introduce yourself and let us know what you
are thinking about the topic.
**Dr. David Wollner, NY Harbor Health Care System:**
I direct palliative care services for the Harbor Health care System in
VISN 3, and I just wanted to share with the people participating that
the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine has just gone
through a number of iterations of a policy on sedation for terminal
symptoms for intractable symptoms, and will be approved officially by a
Board in two weeks from now. I was wondering if I might read it just so
you can hear some of the language that we use. I think it will answer
some of the questions that Ms. Joyner had mentioned.
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Sure, as long as people realize that is not an endorsement from our
Center or from the VA, but I would love to hear about it.
**Dr. Wollner:**
Yes, just to make it clear. It is an official statement from the
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, and the position
statement is on sedation at the end of life. I will just take out some
of the key aspects. One is that the Academy regards sedation at the end
of life as an ethically sound and effective modality for relieving
symptoms and suffering in some patients reaching the ends of their
lives. The sedation is reserved for people whose symptoms are refractory
and not relieved by standard palliative care measures and it applies to
both pain and non-pain symptomatology. It is believed that sedation at
the end of life is a palliative treatment, and the intention is to
produce sedation or reduce the level of consciousness to avert
suffering, but in no way to be interpreted as hastening the end of life.
In this sense, being that the intention and the outcome is beneficial,
it is the Academy\'s belief that sedation for intractable symptoms at
the end of life is ethically justified. Patients for whom sedation may
be appropriate are most often near death as a result of their underlying
disease processes. And although withdrawal of artificial hydration and
nutrition commonly accompanies sedation, the decision to provide or
withdraw this treatment is separate from the decision of whether or not
to provide sedation. And the final element, and I will summarize this,
is that this is a multidisciplinary team approach and also an approach
taken seriously with the patient and their family. And that in a sense
captures the essence of the policy for the American Academy of Hospice
and Palliative Medicine.
**Dr. Paul Rousseau, VAMC El Paso, TX:**
I just want to make sure that everybody is clear, that that policy has
not been approved by the Board yet in the Academy. So when we say they
Academy, it has not yet been formally approved by the Academy yet. It
probably will be, but it has not yet.
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Thank you. And if that does get approved, if you could send it to me, we
could distribute it with the follow-up materials for the hotline call.
**Dr. Wollner:**
I will take care of that Ken.
**Dr. Wolpe, VA Gulf Coast Veterans Healthcare System:**
I take care of HIV infected patients and I haven\'t been on the Ethics
Committee for a long time, but my question is we\'re pretty adept at
withdrawing people from life support and I wonder why this is such a
different issue? I\'m just asking because it is serious?
**Dr. James Hallenbeck, Palo Alto VAMC:**
I wanted to comment on that point if I could. That has been an issue of
great debate and actually formed the substance of the Supreme Course
case Vacco vs. Quill in which Tim Quill brought the issue saying if
patients have a right to have sedation withdrawn, and it\'s know they
are going to die from that, wouldn\'t assisted suicide be the same thing
because the outcome measure would be the same? They argued under the
Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment. The Supreme Course,
particularly in Rehnquist\'s decision, in a resounding way rejected that
on a couple of grounds. The first was that they viewed treatment
withdrawal as arising out of laws relating to battery saying that there
is a real distinction in the law between the people, sort of an absolute
right, the patient or an identified surrogate to free them unwanted
touching under battery rules. However, they did not find that there was
as Quill was also arguing that the real significant part of the argument
was the outcome, but the intent really mattered. They quoted a 9th
Circuit opinion in which paraphrasing this when Eisenhower sent the
troops to Normandy, he knew that many Americans were going to die, but
his intent was to liberate Europe, not to kill Americans. So the Supreme
Court in my reading of that case and the other one, Washington vs.
Glucksberg, et. al., made a very clear distinction between stopping
treatment as a fundamental right from unwanted touching as compared to a
right to having something done to them. That was all relative to
assisted suicide but certainly terminal or palliative sedation and I
agree that is the preferred term really is something done by a
physician, and there is the big distinction, I think, from the Supreme
Court.
**Janice Bressler, VA San Francisco:**
I\'m a relatively new Staff Attorney in San Francisco VA Medical Center
and a new member of the Bioethics Committee. As a footnote to that, I
think it is accurate, but I would just add to clarify that there
doesn\'t really seem to be clear consensus among the justices of the
Supreme Court. They have quite a bit of disagreement and that in several
concurring opinions I think Justice Souter has commented on the illusory
nature of intent when you are talking about terminal sedation. So I
think whoever just spoke properly characterized the holding, but I think
that there is a great deal of subtly of opinion among the justices and
in the lower courts as well.
I am new to the health care realm and I was just going to report an
anecdote. I was at a presentation by a guy by the name of Steve Helig, I
think, from the San Francisco Medical Society, who spoke about the
importance of pain medication. His basic thesis was suffering patients
are undermedicated for pain. Does that make sense as a premise? And in
the room I was in, this was all news to me, again I am new to the health
care field, but there seemed to be a widespread consensus among the VA
practitioners in the room that that is true.
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
But I think that the topic of palliative sedation only comes up in cases
when it is really impossible to palliate the symptoms. So we are not
talking about cases where that would be possible if more appropriate, if
you will, medical therapy were applied, but we\'re really talking about
cases of intractable suffering.
**Ms. Bressler:**
Okay. Well, I was just going to say that when this issue was discussed,
one of the answers to the question, well why are patients
undermedicated, one of them was the specter of liability for physician
assisted suicide. So in terms of trying to find where we fall on the
continuum, how we draw these lines, it\'s just an anecdote and it\'s not
a study, but that seems relevant. Does that make sense?
**Dr. Berkowitz:**
Yes, but I would like to think and Jim and David and others out there
from the palliative care world, I\'d like to think we are making really
strong progress in terms of raising people\'s consciousness and really
palliating pain and treating symptoms better and making sure that that
is really a priority. But this practice for today\'s call is really in
patients with intractable suffering.
Dr. Wollner: Just to mention about the vagaries of the definition, I
think the initial paper or publication that sort of got people thinking
was from Milan, Italy---the National Cancer Institute there published
the use of terminal sedation in about 50% of their home care patients
and it really opened up everyone\'s eyes. And actually in rereviewing
those cases, which were about 100 or so, it was clear that most of the
people were describing either symptoms like pain or delirium that
required some sedation versus having had adequate trials of analgesics
or neuroleptics before sedation was used. And actually, if you go around
the country, I think you will get a whole array of responses but in our
experience in New York my own estimate would be that the request or the
need for sedation for intractable symptoms, at least in an inpatient
palliative care unit, may come up two or three times a year if you are
looking a 14 bed unit. So it comes up really relatively rarely when all
the other medical, spiritual and psychological care have been exhausted.
Dr. Wolpe: I agree with that because pain isn\'t just pain. It is a
multifactorial, psychological myriad of other things as well.
Dr. Bill Nelson, National Center for Ethics in Health Care: Everyone
speaking so far has been very supportive of the approach of terminal
sedation, and I personally tend to agree with that. But I know from
conversations I have had with you Paul and some of the other palliative
care experts, it seems like there is a great deal of controversy about
this, but I guess I am somewhat piggybacking it on to one of the earlier
questions. Where do you see the controversy? Because it seems like we
are all saying in giving justification for its appropriateness, both
ethically and clinically, where are you seeing really the controversy?
Dr. Berkowitz: Does anyone find that there is controversy around this
practice in their area?
Dr. Hallenbeck: I would identify a couple of issues of controversy. One
that has clearly been raised is that there are some folds, Tim Quill and
Orentlicher, are a couple who really have dwelled on the outcome, argued
about the importance of intent. I think that one has been addressed.
Another controversy, I think a lot of this gets down to a matter of
degree. For example, do we treat psychic distress as equivalent to
physical pain? Is that a meaningful distinction? There may be different
practices to that. Certainly in one paper that I wrote, I worried about
saying that all suffering is somehow mathematically equivalent, that I
did see personally a greater moral responsibility to physical pain
knowing that we can\'t make an absolute distinction between physical and
psychic suffering. And I am not sure, there is some disagreement about
that I would say. I have trouble, for example, if a patient came in and
said I have no physical pain and even if near death, I don\'t want to be
here because I find this an indignity, I personally find it difficult
and would not give such a patient sedation. But I think that is an issue
of controversy.
Dr. Rousseau: I agree with Jim. I think the existential suffering is
primarily where a lot of the controversy comes up. I think with
intractable, physical suffering, most people have no qualms about
alleviating the suffering that the person is having, but I think with
existential suffering is where the problem comes in. And I am one that
believes that existential suffering is just as significant as physical
suffering. The problem we have is that we have no definitive way to
quantify a person\'s existential suffering. Sure we go through the
Ethics Committee, we go through psychiatric evaluation, but still many
people are uncomfortable with the idea of sedating someone with
existential suffering. Thusly, we came up with the idea of respite
sedation and also something that has not been touched upon is that there
are several layers of sedation now\--light sedation, moderate sedation,
heavy sedation. Marita has brought that up and a few other people in
their papers, and lightly sedating someone, is that palliative sedation
or terminal sedation or is it not? But I agree with Jim that the real
controversy arises with the existential or psychological suffering and
not the physical suffering.
Dr. Berkowitz: To create a balanced presentation and to present some of
the other side, I should note that there are other views in the
literature. Dr. Gunderman in the March-April Hastings Report really
tried to look at the nature of suffering, and actually tried to
determine whether suffering is, believe it or not, a bad thing. In the
most recent issue of the Hastings Report in the Letters to the Editor,
he closes by saying that \'the liability to suffering is an ineluctable
feature of the human condition and compassion not anesthesia is often
the truest response\'. So even though it seems like all of the people
who have spoken so far, Bill, David and the callers, maybe the Academy
of Hospice and Palliative Care Medicine might say that it\'s ethically
sound, there are people who argue from the other side that there are
problems with this.
Ms. Bressler: This is not in response to that very grand question, but
to follow-up on Bill Nelson\'s question, can I ask again do the
practitioners out there in the VA medical centers, can you speak to or
give a sense of the frequency with which a patient is suffering in the
terminal stages of life because of lack of guidelines or physician\'s
uncertainty about guidelines or standards for making these decision?
Gary Rolph, Manchester, NH: I think that is part of the problem
especially nonpalliative care physicians on off duty hours being asked
to increase pain medication and wondering if what they are doing is
indeed terminal sedation. So often they will be much more conservative
and that will mean that the patient then continues in agony. I wouldn\'t
say suffering, I would say agony for the remainder of that period of
time or until someone else with some palliative care experience can come
in. I think that is the difficulty. It would be good to have something
better, less fuzzy definitions of what is pain control. Also what
happens sometimes because the pain control will reduce the breathing and
can indeed accelerate the dying process and how we can put that together
and not have physicians feel that what they are doing is really active
euthanasia.
Dr. Hallenbeck: I would like to make two quick comments. First, I think
you raised an important point. In my opinion the major problem is not
the relatively uncommon cases some of with intractable suffering,
refractory is the best palliative care, it is just a general lack of
clinical competence. That would be 98% of the problem in my opinion
relative to these relatively uncommon cases. I would challenge the last
statement though, which is often underlying discussions of pain
management that they do hasten death. That was part of a group that was
trying to do a multicenter study to see if opioids in particular did
hasten death and there is virtually no literature on that whatsoever. It
is often assumed that that would be the case, but the evidence base for
that I would say is extremely skimpy.
Dr. Berkowitz: In fact, if I read the literature right, the patients who
receive fewer opioids and pain medicines actually had a shorter time of
life.
Dr. Hallenbeck: This is methodologically, as you can imagine, incredibly
difficult to study but the counterargument has indeed been a way of
thinking about it is that pain takes life energy. And so if you have an
extremely frail, dying person and if they are in physical agony, they
may die sooner from that whereas relieving pain or other distracting
symptoms may actually in a way we don\'t talk about well in Western
Medicine, allow life energy to return to living. So there has indeed
been a counterargument what is really more often an assumption that
opioids significantly if used correctly. Obviously if you give massive,
inept doses of opioids, you can kill anybody, but that is not what we
are really talking about.
Stephen Wear, Buffalo VA: I\'d like to second the comment about
depleting life force and all the rest of that. For the nonclinicians,
it\'s worth remembering that morphine, for example, is not just an
analgesic, it is also something to help patients breathe easier and
rest, which I\'ve seen in the literature which seems to back that up.
The punch line would be there are a number of cases where we are
worrying that we are hastening things where it is a matter of fact we
are not at all. I\'d like to respond to the question about what is the
actual controversy with a different suggestion. There are certainly some
who will always have a problem with it, but I tend to think of this more
in the sense of discomfort. I think the discomfort that people have is
on two points. One is legal. I think it is very hard to legally draw the
balance between having people properly medicated, not undermedicated,
but also not given horse doses, and I think the Congress has recently
fumbled that and clinicians are appropriately uncomfortable with it. But
again that is not an ethical controversy. The other one I point out is
if we all went back and read what has already been said so far and I
think what we would see is if you remove the double effect intention
argument for the distinction, that it is hard to avoid some of Quill\'s
arguments. I think certainly with physical pain we\'d like to find a way
to somewhere at rest but it\'s not clear how solid the ground is. Again,
I am not sure that is an ethical controversy. I think it is an ethical
discomfort. That helps me think about it a little bit.
Dr. Ginger Wlody, Phoenix: I wanted to address the issue raised by the
staff attorney in San Francisco. There are two different things that we
are talking about. She expressed concern about there being guidelines
for pain management and that sort of thing. There are no guidelines
generally in the VA for terminal sedation but there are guidelines for
pain management that the Joint Commission for Healthcare Organizations
has. And every VA medical center has to have a policy regarding
guidelines for management of pain for our patients. One of the
physicians who spoke earlier said that sometimes physician ignorance or
whatever or their concern about the double effect. So I just wanted to
make sure she realized that there are standards in place in every
medical center for addressing pain management of our patients.
Dr. Nelson: Paul, let me push you a little bit because you and your
colleagues very appropriately talked about the controversial aspects of
assessing existential pain or discomfort. You said you used mental
health experts to help in that assessment. But others have used and
expanded in that definition of existential pain to include psychic as
well as spiritual pain. Do you have any type of methodologies for
assessing spiritual pain?
Dr. Rousseau: Define what you mean by methodology?
Dr. Nelson: You said that you relied on mental health experts to help
you in your assessments and I was wondering are there any ways to help
people better understand a patient\'s spiritual pain?
Dr. Rousseau: Well, within the VA system what we do here is we obviously
have the Chaplain Service and we have Psychology and Social Work, and I
don\'t know if other Center\'s are blessed with further avenues, but
that is what we utilize here. And obviously the comment made earlier
where suffering may be good, I just always make one comment. The people
that say that will be glad to see Jim Hallenbeck, me or somebody at
their bedside when the end comes, I can assure you.
Dr. Nelson: I agree with you Paul, and I felt it just needed to be said
to provide balance to this call.
Dr. Rousseau: I agree with you 100 percent. It is so easy for us until,
as I always tell the housestaff, until you walk in their shoes, never
say you understand.
Dr. Berkowitz: So in the final minutes we have to discuss this, I think
that it is valid to raise the following question: do we think this issue
should be addressed somehow at the national level? Should there be
guidelines? Is that possible? And how do people think that we might
proceed.
Dr. Wollner: I think it is a great idea to proceed in a very deliberate
way through this. I don\'t think there is an urgency, but I think in
parallel with VA hospice and palliative care initiative that is
unfolding in the country, it would be great to tag along, another words,
the time is right to explore it further and eventually to develop either
policy or position statement.
Dr. Berkowitz: Does anyone disagree with that?
Mr. Wear: I would like to second that, a little bit hesitantly, but I
will second it in the sense I think if it was a clinical document it
might even get into \"how to\'s\" but do that in terms of striking that
balance between not overmedicating but getting away from
undermedicating. It might make some of our more hesitant followings less
so. That could help.
Dr. Berkowitz: Right, and I think there will be a tremendous number of
subtleties that would need to be address. How close to death the
patients need to be to be eligible for this, must to be connected to
withdraw the withholding of nutrition and hydration, what level of
sedation are we referring to? Unfortunately we don\'t have time to go
into any of Dr. Rousseau\'s very interesting topic of the use of
intermittent sedation for patients, but again, I think these are all
great topics to consider and points that would have to be considered if
any group were to take this up.
Dr. Hallenbeck: I would weigh in with mixed feelings about policy
levels. My worry is that whatever the attention of the National Center
for Ethics in Health Care often within the VA, I really want to have
true ethical controversies respected. Our society hasn\'t figured out
many of these more subtle points and if things get codified in policies
and guidelines, somehow that takes on the illusion of truth, and that
worries me. On the other hand I agree that I would like some way that we
can at least acknowledge that this is a practice that is happening. That
seems appropriate, but I would go in with a certain amount of fear and
trembling.
Dr. Berkowitz: I think that really sort of sums up our feelings and our
hesitation in even having this call because it is an area that makes
some people very uncomfortable to even discuss. And I would like to
thank everyone for participating.
V. From the Field
Dr. Berkowitz: As usual, we didn\'t expect to conclude this discussion
in the time allotted. Unfortunately we are out of time for this portion
of the call. But we make provisions to continue this discussion in an
electronic form on our web board which can be accessed at the National
Center for Ethics in Health Care Web site and we also have on our Web
site a very detailed summary of this and every ethics hotline call. So
please visit our Web site to review or continue today\'s discussion. You
will all be getting a follow-up e-mail for this call which will include
links to the Web site, the call summary, the web board discussion, and
references to the articles that were mentioned in the call. If the
vagaries of cyberspace permit, the follow-up for the call should be out
by next week. But we do like to save the last few minutes of these
hotline calls for our From the Field Section. It\'s where we try to
facilitate networking among ethics related VA staff and facilitate
communication between the field and the Center. It is your opportunity
to speak up to let us know what is on your mind, ask quick questions,
make suggestions, throw out ideas for future hotlines or continue
today\'s discussion on palliative sedation. So From the Field, what is
on people\'s mind?
Dr. Linda Williams, Little Rock: Just one final comment on what was an
excellent discussion. If you do those guidelines, I would ask that you
please be very specific about what the terminal situations in which they
are used... And that is what I wanted to say, please be very specific in
your guidelines about the terminal definition.
Dr. Berkowitz: Right. And it\'s not in any way to imply that guidelines
will be, or are forthcoming.
John Antoine, Dallas VA Medical Center: Is this issue now being resolved
at each individual medical center by the Ethics Committee and other
involved people?
Dr. Berkowitz: To be honest with you, I am not sure how it is being
resolved at each individual facility. I would speculate that there are
times when an Ethics Committee is involved either on a consultative
basis or an organizational level. But I also might speculate that it is
being handled by clinicians individually. Does anyone else feel
differently about that?
Mr. Wear: I think that is accurate at Buffalo VA. We got into actually
generating a side policy on this sort of thing but certainly I\'ve heard
around that people are following their own instincts in certain ways.
But I think the idea of having policy, although I\'m hesitant, is the
one thing that comes up for me when I hear people that are hesitant and
don\'t feel they\'ve got the backing with some of this and they end up
doing less.
Beth McIver, Cleveland: I think that I am nervous about a policy, only
because so often people just use it to justify what they are doing
without stopping and trying all the measures. I\'ve been working in
hospice for 22 years now, and I\'ve rarely seen the need for terminal
sedation, and I think that the fear I have that people are going to
start using it for what we should be referring to as good palliative
care. You rarely need it because if you have people who really know what
they are doing, you can control those symptoms without getting to that
point. It\'s for only those patients where that everything has been done
and the symptoms are totally refractory and the person is in agony and
you have tried everything and the experts have tried everything, not
your general residents on the floor or whatever the case happens to be,
but the people who really know what they are doing. And if they don\'t
have someone at that organization or at that VA that they are consulting
with hospice experts in other parts of the country if they need to and
get those symptoms under control. I get over 200 referrals a year, and
I\'ve not had to see it used at all in my 10 years at this VA. Only once
did I see it used at the Cleveland Clinic. So I am fearful that it will
become something that people just jump into.
Dr. Berkowitz: I agree with you that the slippery slope is one potential
danger that has sort of been raised. Others include putting a burden on
the patient or feeling they have a duty to accept this or the feeling
that if it is raised by that physician that it must be the right thing
to do. This all takes away some of the voluntariness of it. So there are
a lot of things to discuss. Again, we can continue this discussion on
the web board if you want, but I do think we need to wrap up the call
for today.
I\'d like to thank everyone who worked on the conception, planning and
implementation of this call. It\'s really not a trivial task and I
appreciate everyone\'s effort, especially Joanne, for her participation
and the other participants in the conversation.
The next call will be on Wednesday, September 25, from 1:00 to 1:50
Eastern Time. Please look tot he Web site and to Outlook e-mail for
details and announcements. Again, you will be getting a follow-up e-mail
for this call with the e-mail addresses, links and references to access
the Center Web site, a summary of the call, a WebBoard discussion, and
again the references. Remember the summary and discussion of prior calls
are also available and ongoing. Please let us know if you or someone you
know should be receiving the announcements for the call and didn\'t or
if you have suggestions for topics for future calls. Again, our e-mail
address is [vhaethics@hq.med.va.gov]{.underline} or vhaethics on the
Outlook system. Thank you all and have a great day.
| en |
markdown | 410016 | # Presentation: 410016
## NASA’s Earth Observing System
**NASA’s Earth Observing System**
** ****Terra Mission Update**
**Jon Ranson, Terra Project Scientist****Si-Chee Tsay, Terra Deputy Project Scientist**
**NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center**
## Terra Status
- All instruments acquiring science data
- MODIS A-side formatter timeouts increasing (~30M/day). Plans are being made for cross strapping the instrument.
- MOPITT still working on half of its channels.
- Terra performing a series of inclination adjust maneuvers to establish 10:30am _+_ 5 min. equator crossing. Went in to safehold following last inclination adjust maneuver in March. 6th and final maneuver postponed until September to accommodate implementation of the Lockheed recommendations regarding spacecraft procedures.
## Terra Status
- SWIR crosstalk problem on ASTER is encouraging ASTER to “accept” lunar look maneuver.
- Recompetition – RFP concept discussed last team meeting has changed to NRA. Joint call for Maintenance and Science. Current NRA prepared by Jim Dodge is being reviewed by Code Y business office.
**Terra Status**
## Terra Data
- Nearly all Terra data products are now available through DAACs. - CERES, MOPITT and MISR still have unreleased products
- Data product status: check http://eosdatainfo.gsfc.nasa.gov
- Instrument teams should inform community about appropriate uses of Beta and Provisional data products.
- EOS Science Working Group on Data - advocated for increased processing, working on distribution issues and involved in long term archive discussions.
- Terra ASTER data charging plan being finalized by NASA HQ
- EOSDIS recompete being worked.
## Objectives of the EOS Terra Mission
- Provide the first, consistent global “snapshots” of important Earth surface and atmospheric characteristics - extend and improve upon past satellite records.
- CERES – ERBE like Instantaneous and monthly averages validated since March 2000.
- MOPITT – Global example of CO dynamics – no validated data sets.
- MODIS – SST validated Feb. 2002 – for Nov. 2000 to present
- Atmospheric profiles validated Feb. 2002 for Nov. 2000 to present
- Aerosol – Validated Oct. 2001 for Nov. 2000 to present
- Many provisional products
## Improve the ability to detect the human impacts on climate by identifying indicators, or “fingerprints,” of human activity that can be used to distinguish them from natural variability.
MOPITT – global CO – demonstration of annual series.
MODIS – Landuse/Land cover (provisional) , veg. cover conversion ( beta)
Provide measurements of the effects of clouds, aerosol and greenhouse gases on the Earth’s total energy balance.
MOPITT – CO distributions as Beta products, no Methane yet
MODIS – Atmospheric profiles, aerosol, TPW, are validated, provisional products – (cloud and atmospheric products)
CERES – ERBE like products
Provide estimates of global terrestrial and marine productivity that will enable more accurate calculations of global carbon storage, exchange with the atmosphere, and year-to-year variability.
MODIS – many products in provisional status (e.g., NDVI, landcover, LAI, FPAR, ocean chlorophyll, ocean primary productivity)
- MOPITT – global CO – demonstration of annual series.
- MODIS – Landuse/Land cover (provisional) , veg. cover conversion ( beta)
- Provide measurements of the effects of clouds, aerosol and greenhouse gases on the Earth’s total energy balance.
- MOPITT – CO distributions as Beta products, no Methane yet
- MODIS – Atmospheric profiles, aerosol, TPW, are validated, provisional products – (cloud and atmospheric products)
- CERES – ERBE like products
- Provide estimates of global terrestrial and marine productivity that will enable more accurate calculations of global carbon storage, exchange with the atmosphere, and year-to-year variability.
- MODIS – many products in provisional status (e.g., NDVI, landcover, LAI, FPAR, ocean chlorophyll, ocean primary productivity)
**Objectives of the EOS Terra Mission**
## Objectives of the EOS Terra Mission
- MODIS – Atmospheric profiles, aerosol, TPW, albedo are validated, provisional products – (albedo, cloud and atmospheric products)
- CERES – ERBE like products
- Contribute to developing improved methods of disaster prediction, characterization, and risk reduction from wild fires, volcanoes, floods, and droughts.
- ASTER – Various volcano Studies, glacier melting
- MISR – Various flood and fire images
- MODIS – Rapid Fire Response System
- Flood studies
- Snow cover mapping
**Objectives of the EOS Terra Mission**
## Nominated for 2002 Webby Award
- and Won
- the People's Voice Award for Science
**http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/**
## Slide 9
## Fires Scorch Oregon
- _Fires Scorch Oregon_
- Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from July 15, 2002
## Fires in Québec, Canada, Send Smoke to U.S.
- _Fires in Québec, Canada, Send Smoke to U.S._
- This Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from July 8, 2002, shows smoke from wildfires (red dots) in Québec, Canada, drifting southward over the United States. | en |
converted_docs | 769035 | *e-file* Demographics[^1]
# Kevin Mullen : (860) 756-4443
Small Business/Self-Employed: Research
e-mail: Kevin.A.Mullen@irs.gov
# Michael Kinsley: (860) 756-4647
# Wage & Investment: Stakeholder, Partnership, Education & Communications
Internal Revenue Service
Stop 202
135 High Street
Hartford CT 06103
*e-file* Demographics State - Publication Number 3496 (Rev.6-2002)
*e-file* Demographics Nationwide - Publication Number 3497 (Rev.6-2002)
With this zip code database, we created a tool to help you, the
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practitioners may already be filing electronically in a new or existing
office location.
We based the Electronic Returns Originator (ERO) count by zip code on
the office location and aggregated the taxpayer data by zip code from
the taxpayer returns. ERO data was extracted from the District Office
Applicants Database on May 1, 2002. Taxpayer data for Tax Year 2000 was
extracted from the IRS main database on December 31, 2001. (Tax Year
2000: 1/1/2001-12/31/2001)
The file can be read with Microsoft Excel 97 or higher.
Using the AutoFilter command *(Data Drop down box, AutoFilter drop down
list*):
The AutoFilter command applies drop-down arrows directly to column
labels in the list, so you can select the item you want to display. The
drop-down box in Excel 97 holds only the first 1000 original data
elements, so if you can not find a zip code or data element, use the
Custom method. When you select an item from the drop-down list,
Microsoft Excel temporarily hides the rows that do not contain that
item. You can show all the data in your list by using the Show All
command, or remove the AutoFilter drop-down arrows by clearing the
AutoFilter command.
GLOSSARY
AGE:
- \<30: The count of returns with primary taxpayer's age less than 30.
- 30-44: The count of returns with primary taxpayer's age between 30
and 44.
- 45-60: The count of returns with primary taxpayer's age between 45
and 60.
- \<60: The count of returns with primary taxpayer's age greater than
60.
AVG AGI: Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI).
AVG REFUND/BAL DUE: The average amount of the refund or tax owed.
- Negative numbers represent refunds.
- Positive numbers represent tax amounts owed.
COUNTY: The primary political divisions of most States are termed
\"counties.\" In Louisiana, these divisions are known as \"parishes.\"
In Alaska, which has no counties, the county equivalents are the
organized \"boroughs\" and the \"census areas\" that are delineated for
statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In
four States (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or
more cities that are independent of any county organization and thus
constitute primary divisions of their states. These cities are known as
\"independent cities\" and are treated as equivalent to counties for
statistical purposes. That part of Yellowstone National Park in Montana
is treated as a county equivalent. The District of Columbia has no
primary divisions, and the entire area is considered equivalent to a
county for statistical purposes.
Designated Market Areas (DMA's): are used by Nielsen Media Research to
identify TV stations whose broadcast signals reach a specific area and
attract the most viewers. There are currently [**210 Designated Market
Areas**](../../dmas.html) throughout the U.S. (This variable is only in
the *Nationwide* *e-file* Demographics database- Publication Number
3497.)
DIRECT DEPOSIT: The count of returns indicating Direct Deposit.
EITC: The count of returns with Earned Income Tax Credit.
ERO-PREPARERS: The count of Electronic Return Originators (ERO's) by zip
code on May 1, 2002. An ERO is an Authorized IRS *e-file* Provider who
originates (starts) the electronic submission of income tax returns to
the IRS. ERO's may originate the electronic submission of income tax
returns that have been prepared by themselves or preparers they employ,
by taxpayers, by other EROs, and by other paid preparers. ERO's are
divided into two categories:
- WITH EFIN'S: The count of ERO's with EFIN's; and
## ACTIVE: The count of ERO's with EFIN's who have transmitted this season.
FILING STATUS:
- Single: The count of returns with Single as the filing status.
- MARRIED JOINT: The count of returns with filing status Married
filing jointly.
- HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: The count of returns with filing status Head of
Household.
Returns done BY PREPARERS: The count of returns prepared by someone
other than the filer, i.e., paid preparer, VITA volunteer, IRS employee,
etc.
Town: Small residential area or city.
Total \# of Returns: All returns, including both paper filed and
e-filed.
TYPE OF RETURNS:
- PAPER: The count of paper returns (This includes 1040PC)
- *e-file:* The count of Online and ERO returns (Standard Electronic
Filings)
XX: Represent counts of less than ten.
ZIP CODE: Zip Codes are administrative units established by the United
States Postal Service (USPS) for the distribution of mail. Zip Codes
serve addresses for the most efficient delivery of mail, and therefore
generally do not respect political or census statistical area
boundaries. They usually do not have clearly identifiable boundaries,
often serve a continually changing area, are changed periodically to
meet postal requirements, and do not cover all the land area of the
United States. Zip Codes are identified by five-digit codes assigned by
the USPS. The first three digits identify a major city or sectional
distribution center, and the last two digits generally signify a
specific post office\'s delivery area or point.
\# of Sch C: The count of returns with Schedule C attached.
\# of Sch F: The count of returns with Schedule F attached.
[^1]: Our very special thanks to John Hribar, Phoenix and John
Diberardinis, Andover Service Center.
| en |
markdown | 089011 | # Presentation: 089011
## (STRIPES)
**(STRIPES)**
**CIO Council BRIEF**
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Office of the Chief Information Officer
- High Performance Computing and Communications
**February 20, 2007**
**Wendy Couch**
**STRIPES Project Manager**
## Purpose
**Informational Brief to the CIO Council on the Status of the Stripes Acquisition **
## Roles
- _Source Selection Official (SSO)_
- Joe Klimavicz, NOAA CIO
- _STRIPES Steering Committee_
- Hugh Johnson
- Nancy Huang
- Bruce Webster
- John Villemarette
- Wendy Couch
- _Program Manager (PM)_
- Wendy Couch
- _Contracting Officer (CO)_
- Brendon Johnson *(ERAD, Norfolk, VA)*
## Top Goals
- Efficiencies in consolidating IT support requirements
- Partner to assist with managing change across the NOAA enterprise
- Provide seamless transition for continual process improvement** **
- Performance based solution
- Proof of Concept
**Notes:**
Wendy’s Talking Points: - Base message ... “This is what we want”
Efficiencies: Consolidate under one contractor ...we are looking for a single contract vehicle as a way to focus our time and resources to the one contractor, rather than diverting our interests and resources across many contracting arrangements, for what is in many cases similar services.
Also improve efficiencies by sharing best practices across line offices.
Partner: Approach by phasing in. This is IDIQ & therefore only a portion of the tasks currently defined. These were provided in the Downselect Package to Offerors as attachment C. You will see that of the tasks identified in Attachment C, there is a broad range of phase in approaches. NOS has 9 defined and more coming – a good portion of those currently defined will be phased in during this first contract year, of OAR’s currently defined they will be phasing in between award and through FY2010, the NOAA enterprise tasks defined in Att C are coming on board the first contract year, as well as the help desk tasks which we are planning to be phased in during the first contract year.
While the tasks are broken into broad stripes, they are essentially for similar services: help desk, systems administration, programmatic application support, technical consulting services such as IT studies / assessments / training, IT security such as planning / analysis / documentation / implementing strategies from the OCIO, and supporting data calls. Does not include: IV&V, audits, or C&A.
Transitions should have minimal NOAA intervention
Process Improvement: improve efficiency through sharing best practices across NOAA line offices and this contractor will have a unique end-2-end perspective of NOAA IT services and will therefore be a value partner in devising plans and solutions
Performance based: establishing foundation for good performance based contracting – migrating requirements so that we move toward requirements specified in terms of measurable results -
## Contract Overview
- COMMITS Task Order, 6 years (base plus options), IDIQ, $236M maximum including COMMITS fees
- Four Stripes:
- NOS ($88M)
- OAR ($64M)
- NOAA Enterprise ($26M)
- Help Desk ($58M)
**Notes:**
Wendy’s Talking Points: base message ... “this vehicle is how we get it’
Four Stripes: You will notice NOS and OAR with their own stripes, even though NOAA has many other line offices. This vehicle is a proof-of-concept for consolidations under a single vehicle. If successful, it will be used more. That will certainly support this vehicle’s future and follow-ones with a similar bent. So being successful with this proof of concept has a potential for a very broad impact to many of NOAA’s Line Offices and not just NOS and OAR. It is fair to say that our success is being very highly watched, at lots of levels, by a lot of people.
## Anticipated STRIPES Tasks
**NOS Stripe**
**Examples include IT services for NOS CIO, NGS, OCRM**
**OAR Stripe**
**Examples include IT services for GFDL, AOML, ESRL, and NSSL**
**NOAA Enterprise Stripe**
**Identified as of Feb 07: SSMC HQ NOC, MOC, WOC**
**Help Desk Stripe**
**Working Assumption that all the following will use STRIPES as of Feb 07: **
**OCIO, OAR HQ, NOS AAMB, NOS NGS, NOS CO-OPS, NOS NCCOS, NOS ORR, NOS OCS, NESDIS HQ, NESDIS IPO, and NESDIS CITS,**
## We are waiting to hear from the following to confirm participation:
NWS,
NMFS, and
NMAO
- NWS,
- NMFS, and
- NMAO
**The following have confirmed they are not participating: **
- Grants Online,
- NESDIS ORA, and
- NESDIS NODC
**Others**
## TWO-PHASE ACQUISITION PROCESS
**Phase 1 Downselect based on capability & past performance**
**Phase 2 Selection based on full proposal & past performance**
**Award in July 07**
**Notes:**
Brendon to speak to this slide:
2 Phase Process
Phase 1 is Down Select:
Government Issues: DPO: SOO, Draft RFS, Draft Tasks, Background Information and Program Information
Contractor provides response to Down Select Questions.
Down Selected Companies invited to Phase 2.
Government Issues Phase 2 RFS following NexGen format and the Uniform Contract Format. RFS includes contract tasks, some of which may be awarded with contract award, some of which may be awarded at a later date and some of which may fall off.
VENDORS: Phase 2 is still draft. It is anticipated that vendors will be instructed to provide: Performance Solution with PWS (HOW and What), QA Plan (How well and how assured), and Performance Metrics Measurement Plan (how to be measured).
Technical proposal: with management plan, resource estimates for anticipated tasks and tech proposal for anticipated tasks.
Past Performance Information.
Cost proposal.
The PWS, PMMP and QA Plan help to form the contract along with the RFS clauses.
## ACQUISITION SCHEDULE
| TENTATIVE Milestone | TENTATIVE Date |
| --- | --- |
| Release of the Down-Select Package to Offerors (DPO) | 12/08/2006 |
| Informal Questions and Comments to the DPO for Industry Day Due | 12/13/2006 |
| Industry Day | 12/20/2006 |
| Formal Questions to the DPO Due | 12/21/2006 |
| Down-Select Responses Received | 01/10/2007 |
| NOAA Publish Down-Select Decision | 03/02/2007 |
| Release Phase 2 RFS | 03/12/2007 |
| Receive RFS Questions | 03/29/2007 |
| Respond to RFS Questions | 04/05/2007 |
| Offerors Solutions Due to NOAA | 04/12/2007 (04/26/2007 if extended) |
| Potential Negotiations Period | 05/17/2007 – 06/07/2007 |
| Award | 07/20/2007 |
| Debriefings | 07/24/2007 – 7/31/2007 |
| Post Award Kickoff | 07/31/2007 |
**Notes:**
Brendon to speak to this slide:
Key Dates in Phase 1:
-Formal Q&A 12/21/06 – tomorrow. We intend to respond via the BOP by January 5, 2007.
-Response to Phase 1 DPO on 1/10/2006
Tentative Phase 2:
-Down Select Decision and Final RFS in February 2007
-Tentative RFS Due in March 2007
Anticipated Award for June 2007
## Future CIO Council Follow-up
**Governance**
**Source Selection Status**
## Questions
**Notes:**
Proof of Concept
If successful, it will be a model for how
NOAA procures IT services
Manages IT services
Administrates services | en |
converted_docs | 179669 | Required Report - public distribution
**Date:** 1/17/2006
**GAIN Report Number:** AR6001
AR6001
**Argentina**
**Fresh Deciduous Fruit**
**Annual**
**2005**
**Approved by:**
Robert K. Hoff
U.S. Embassy
**Prepared by:**
Francisco Pirovano
**Report Highlights:**
The Argentine fresh deciduous fruit crop for Calendar Year (CY) 2006 is
expected to increase to 1.88 million metric tons (MT). Total exports are
forecast to decline to 660,000 MT, as exporters will be more cautious
sending their produce only to well known markets. Domestic consumption
is expected to increase to 360,000 MT, as a result of more fruit
available due to a better harvest and fewer exports.
Includes PSD Changes: Yes
Includes Trade Matrix: No
Annual Report
Buenos Aires \[AR1\]
\[AR\]
Table of Contents
[Section I. Situation and Outlook 3](#section-i.-situation-and-outlook)
[Production 3](#production)
[Domestic Consumption 4](#domestic-consumption)
[Trade 4](#trade)
[Factors Affecting Industry Structure
6](#factors-affecting-industry-structure)
[**Strikes for Salary Adjustments and other Demands
6**](#strikes-for-salary-adjustments-and-other-demands)
[**Phytosanitary Constraints 6**](#phytosanitary-constraints)
[**Export Taxes 6**](#export-taxes)
[**Production Costs 6**](#production-costs)
[**Prices 7**](#prices)
[Section II. Statistical Tables 9](#section-ii.-statistical-tables)
# Section I. Situation and Outlook
# Production
Fresh deciduous fruit production for calendar year (CY) 2006 is forecast
at 1.88 million metric tons (MT), a two-percent increase compared with
the CY 2005 harvest.
Planted area in both Mendoza and the southern valleys has changed over
the years, according to new data from the census of Rio Negro province.
Planted area to pears has increased while apple planted area shrank
considerably. This is the result of a market driven conversion of the
old and traditional Red Delicious apple orchards to Bartlet pears and
Gala apples.
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **Table 1. | | | | |
| Fresh | | | | |
| Deciduous | | | | |
| Fruits | | | | |
| Total | | | | |
| P | | | | |
| roduction** | | | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| # | **CY | | **CY | |
| | 2005** | | 2006** | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| | **Area | * | **Area | **Production |
| | (Ha)** | *Production | (Ha)** | (MT)** |
| | | (MT)** | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **Mendoza** | 8,200 | 190,000 | 9,100 | 220,000 |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **Southern | 59,500 | 1,650,000 | 51,000 | 1,660,000 |
| Valleys** | | | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **Total** | 67,700 | 1,840,000 | 60,100 | 1,880,000 |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------+
The CY 2006 apple crop is forecast slightly up from CY 2005, with an
increase of one percent. Sources in the industry informed that fruit
quality for the 2005 season would reach export standards.
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| **Table 2. | | | | |
| Apple | | | | |
| P | | | | |
| roduction** | | | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| # | **CY | | **CY 2006** | |
| | 2005** | | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| | **Area | * | **Area | **Production |
| | (Ha)** | *Production | (Ha)** | (MT)** |
| | | (MT)** | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| **Mendoza** | 4,600 | 100,000 | 4,500 | 110,000 |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| **Southern | 46,000 | 1,100,000 | 30,000 | 1,100,000 |
| Valleys** | | | | |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| **Total** | 50,600 | 1,200,000 | 34,500 | 1,210,000 |
+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
The pear harvest looks better than that of CY 2004 crop in terms of
volume. An increase of ten percent is expected for CY 2006 harvest.
However, at this time, the size of the fruit is much smaller than the
previous season. According to sources in the industry, quality may be an
issue this year. Due to lack of warm days, the fruit size is smaller
than what is needed to export. Therefore, even though most of the
Bartlet pears have reached their physiological ripeness, and the harvest
is currently underway, size of the fruit is still too small for the
fresh market. Producers are concerned about having to send greater
amounts of their fruit to processing plants this season than in other
years.
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| **Table 3. | | | | |
| Pear | | | | |
| Production** | | | | |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| # | **CY | | **CY 2006** | |
| | 2005** | | | |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| | **Area | * | **Area | **Production |
| | (Ha)** | *Production | (Ha)** | (MT)** |
| | | (MT)** | | |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| **Mendoza** | 3,600 | 90,000 | 4,600 | 110,000 |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| **Southern | 13,500 | 550,000 | 21,000 | 600,000 |
| Valleys** | | | | |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| **Total** | 17,100 | 640,000 | 25,600 | 710,000 |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
Concentrated apple juice (CAJ) production is expected to increase a
little in CY 2006 to 66,000 MT. CY 2005 production of CAJ was 65,000 MT.
# Domestic Consumption
Domestic consumption of apples in CY 2006 is expected to grow to 260,000
MT as a result of more fruit in the market due to fewer exports. Also
pear consumption is forecast to increase to 100,000 MT in CY 2006 due to
higher production.
# Trade
CY 2006 fresh deciduous fruit exports are expected to decline to 660,000
MT as a result of a more selective attitude at the time of choosing
buyers abroad and poor quality fruit in the case of pears. After the
record high of 706,000 MT reached in the first eleven months of CY 2005,
total fresh deciduous fruit exports are forecast to decline in CY 2006.
Financial problems in the Russian Federation market in CY 2005 have led
to redirection of the Argentine apple shipments for CY 2006. Sources in
the industry assert that in CY 2005 too much Argentine fruit entered the
Russian Federation causing an oversupply, precipitating a crash price,
which in turn led to loses of US\$400,000 for the Argentine exporters.
Post forecasts a fall in apple exports by 15 percent for CY 2006 at
230,000 MT. According to sources in the industry, apple exports to the
Russian Federation and the European Union (EU) will drop in CY 2006 by
at least 50,000 MT. Other markets like Asia, the United States, Brazil,
and Canada will be looked at instead. Argentine Gala apples will be
present in the international market between the 5-20 of February. During
this period neither Brazil nor Chile compete with Argentina.
Up until November 2005, apple exports reached 266,000 MT valued at
US\$121 million. Post estimates that total exports for CY 2005 ended up
at 270,000 MT. In CY 2004 total apple exports reached 206,000 MT valued
at US\$91 million.
The main market for Argentine apples continues to be the EU accounting
for over 48 percent of the total volume exported from Jan-Nov 2005
(125,000 MT). The Russian Federation and Brazil follow with 26 percent
(68,000 MT) and 15 percent (39,000 MT), respectively. The three
aforementioned markets receive more than 90 percent of the Argentine
exports. Apple exports to the United States during the period Jan-Nov
2005 reached 1,300 MT valued at US\$700,000.
In CY 2006 pear exports are expected to fall four percent to 430,000 MT
as a result of less quality fruit suitable for export. This fall could
have been greater if not for the better than expected harvest.
Up until November 2005 pear exports achieved a total volume of 440,000
MT valued at US\$207 million. It is expected that total pear exports for
CY 2005 will reach 445,000 MT. This increase is due to more shipments to
the EU, mainly to Italy and Brazil and the Russian Federation, which
grew 20 percent each in CY 2005. In CY 2004, pear exports reached
320,000 MT, three percent lower than in the same period in CY 2003.
Export values in 2004 were US\$154 million, two percent above the level
reached in the same period in CY 2003.
Ninety-six percent of the pear shipments are shipped to the EU, the
Russian Federation, Brazil and, the United States. Shipments to the U.S.
declined from 50,000 MT in CY 2003 to 36,000 MT in CY 2004, due to
quality problems but previous volumes were regained in CY 2005 reaching
a volume of 49,000 MT in the period January-November 2005. Meanwhile,
the Russian market continued to grow at a rate of 30 percent comparing
CY 2004 and CY 2005, (92,000 MT). After a drop in the exports to Brazil
to 50,000 MT in CY 2003 and CY 2004, due to phytosanitary constraints,
CY 2005 exports to Brazil reached 83,000 MT surpassing the 80,000 MT
shipped in CY 2002.
Between January and November 2005, CAJ exports were 58,000 MT of which
57,000 MT went to the United States. CAJ exports in CY 2004 reached
45,000 MT. Historically, Argentina has exported nearly 97 percent of its
national production of CAJ.
Imports of apples, pears and CAJ in CY 2005 were insignificant and this
trend is expected to continue, given the weakness of the Argentine peso
after its devaluation in February 2002.
Import and Export Regulations
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ######### Table 4. Fresh Apples (0808.10) and Pears (0808.20) | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ######### Outside the Mercosur Area | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Import Tariff (%)** | 10 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Statistical Tax (%)** | 0 |
| | .50 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Export tax (%)** | 10 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Rebate (%)Cases containing between 2.5 Kg. and 20 Kg.** | 5 |
| | .00 |
| **Cases containing 2.5 Kg. or less** | |
| | 6 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ####### Within the Mercosur Area | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Import tariff (%)** | 0 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Export tax (%)** | 10 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Rebate (%) Cases containing between 2.5 and 20 kg.** | 5 |
| | .00 |
| **Cases containing 2.5 kg. or less** | |
| | 6 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ######### Table 5. Concentrated Apple Juice (2009.79) | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ######### Outside the Mercosur Area | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Import Tariff (%)** | 14 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Statistical Tax (%)** | 0 |
| | .50 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Export tax (%)** | 5 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Rebate (%) Containers larger than 1 liter** | 5 |
| | .00 |
| **Containers of 1 liter or less** | |
| | 6 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| ####### Within the Mercosur Area | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Import tariff (%)** | 0 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Export tax (%)** | 5 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| **Rebate (%) Containers larger than 1 liter** | 5 |
| | .00 |
| **Containers of 1 liter or less** | |
| | 6 |
| | .00 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
# Factors Affecting Industry Structure
## Strikes for Salary Adjustments and other Demands
Four unions linked to the fruit industry are demanding salary
adjustments through a generalized strike and road blockages. The
packinghouse workers wanted a 30 percent increase on their basic salary
of \$1420 (US\$473) and 20 percent more on productivity; ultimately they
got raises of 15 percent and 10 percent, respectively. Cold storage
workers wanted a raise from \$1480 (US\$493) to \$2500 (US\$833) per
month but they ultimately had a salary increase to \$1650 (US\$550). The
pickers want their monthly salary raised from \$806 (US\$266) to \$1000
(US\$333); so far, the pickers continue their negotiations.
The truckers also want have their salary adjusted and have also
threatened with strike. The industry is currently paralyzed even though
pears are ready to be picked. Farmers allege that with these salary
increases, the labor cost exceeds that of the 1990's and with this, the
total production cost would rise to the pre-devaluation times. Farmers
are also unhappy with the prices offered by the packers and do not want
to deliver their produce unless the packing sector ensures minimum
prices for their fruit. Up until Monday 01/16/2006, the packinghouses
were offering US\$0.12 per kilo of apple and US\$0.14 per kilo of pears.
## Phytosanitary Constraints
The good news for the Argentine fruit industry in the southern valley of
Rio Negro and Neuquen is that the United States has declared this
production area as free of fruit fly. Even though the exporters would
prefer to discontinue the pre-clearance program coordinated by the
Animal and Plant Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA), exporters will keep it for apples and
pears as in insurance for their shipments to the United States. One
important modification to the program will be the need for a
identification number which will assure that the fruit shipped to the
United States comes from the fruit free area and not from other
production areas in the country.
Brazil has agreed with Argentina on the continuation of the
pre-clearance program for coddling moth (*Cydia pomonella*) detection on
the production area. Rumors had alarmed the Argentine exporters on the
likely shift from the current inspection spot in the southern valleys to
the Argentine-Brazilian border. This, according to the Argentine
exporters would affect exports negatively, since if a shipment were
rejected due to phytosanitary reasons, the exporters would still have to
pay the transportation cost to the Brazilian border that is 2000 miles
away from the production area.
## Export Taxes
There is no hint from the Government of Argentina that this tax of 10
percent will be removed in the near future. With the production cost
increasing due to more demands from the unions and prices for fruit
going down in dollar terms, the fruit business appears to be facing
increasingly difficult times.
## Production Costs
According to sources in the industry the cost of production of one kilo
of apples is US\$0.15 while the cost of production of one kilogram of
pears is around US\$0.12, depending on different farming system and
yields.
## Prices
In CY 2005, wholesale domestic prices for apples matched those paid by
the export market. However, the quality of the fruit marketed internally
is by far lower than that of the fruit sent abroad. After the peso
devaluation, export prices in dollar terms were much higher than the
local ones.
However, over the years, relatively high inflation rates with a
relatively stable currency around three pesos per dollar, have eroded
the devaluation effect in terms of differential export prices. In
addition, fresh apple exports have a specific 10 percent tax on their
FOB price, which, according to the exporters, increases to 20 percent
for the just harvested fruit.
Though still above domestic wholesale prices, pear export prices
declined from 30 percent over domestic wholesale prices in CY 2003 to 13
percent over the latter prices in CY 2005.
Prices paid to the farmers are low and always dependent on the quality
of the fruit. Packers have offered a fix minimum price for apples of
US\$0.12 per kilo and US\$0.14 per kilo of pear. Also, the rejected
fruit volume agreed prior to harvest will not be higher than 10 percent.
CY 2006 processing sector prices will be US\$33 per MT of apples and
US\$20 for pears.
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **Apples | | | | | | | | |
| and | | | | | | | | |
| Pears, | | | | | | | | |
| Fresh** | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| ** | | | | | | | | |
| Domestic | | | | | | | | |
| W | | | | | | | | |
| holesale | | | | | | | | |
| Prices | | | | | | | | |
| for all | | | | | | | | |
| V | | | | | | | | |
| arieties | | | | | | | | |
| (US\ | | | | | | | | |
| $/kg.)** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| | **20 | | **20 | | **20 | | **20 | |
| | 02** | | 03** | | 04** | | 05** | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| | **Pe | * | **Pe | **Ap | **Pe | * | **Pe | * |
| | ar** | *App | ar** | ple** | ar** | *App | ar** | *App |
| | | le** | | | | le** | | le** |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **J | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.46 |
| anuary** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **Fe | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| bruary** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| * | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.36 |
| *March** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| * | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.33 |
| *April** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **May** | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **June** | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.41 |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **July** | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.46 | 0.42 |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| ** | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.41 |
| August** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **Sep | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.44 |
| tember** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **O | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.41 |
| ctober** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **No | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.50 |
| vember** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **De | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.68 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.48 |
| cember** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
| **Annual | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.44 |
| a | | | | | | | | |
| verage** | | | | | | | | |
+----------+------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
Source: Buenos Aires Central Market
([www.mercadocentral.com.ar](http://www.mercadocentral.com.ar/))
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| * | | | | |
| *Apples, | | | | |
| Fresh, | | | | |
| Red | | | | |
| D | | | | |
| elicious | | | | |
| V | | | | |
| ariety** | | | | |
| | | | | |
| ** | | | | |
| Domestic | | | | |
| Retail | | | | |
| Prices | | | | |
| (US\ | | | | |
| $/Kg.)** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| | **2002** | **2003** | **2004** | **2005** |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **J | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.84 |
| anuary** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **Fe | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.82 | 0.77 |
| bruary** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| * | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.68 |
| *March** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| * | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
| *April** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **May** | 0.37 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.65 |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **June** | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.66 |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **July** | 0.40 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.68 |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| ** | 0.44 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.68 |
| August** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **Sep | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.71 |
| tember** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **O | 0.58 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.70 |
| ctober** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **No | 0.62 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.78 |
| vember** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **De | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
| cember** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| **Annual | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
| A | | | | |
| verage** | | | | |
+----------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
Source: The National Institute for Statistics (INDEC --
www.indec.gov.ar)
# Section II. Statistical Tables
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| ####### PSD Table | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Country | Arg | | | | | | |
| | ent | | | | | | |
| | ina | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Commodity | A | | | | ( | | |
| | ppl | | | | HA)( | | |
| | es, | | | | 1000 | | |
| | Fr | | | | TR | | |
| | esh | | | | EES) | | |
| | | | | | (MT) | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| | 2 | R | 20 | Esti | 2005 | Fore | UOM |
| | 003 | evi | 04 | mate | | cast | |
| | | sed | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| | U | P | US | Post | USDA | Post | |
| | SDA | ost | DA | Est | Offi | Est | |
| | Of | Est | Of | imat | cial | imat | |
| | fic | ima | fi | e\[N | \[O | e\[N | |
| | ial | te\ | ci | ew\] | ld\] | ew\] | |
| | \ | [Ne | al | | | | |
| | [Ol | w\] | \ | | | | |
| | d\] | | [O | | | | |
| | | | ld | | | | |
| | | | \] | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Market Year Begin | | 0 | | 01/ | | 01/ | MM |
| | | 1/2 | | 2005 | | 2006 | /YYYY |
| | | 004 | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Area Planted | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 35 | (HA) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Area Harvested | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 30 | (HA) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Bearing Trees | 21 | 21 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | (1000 |
| | 000 | 000 | 10 | 1000 | | 1000 | T |
| | | | 00 | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Non-Bearing Trees | 4 | 4 | 40 | 4000 | 0 | 3000 | (1000 |
| | 000 | 000 | 00 | | | | T |
| | | | | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Total Trees | 25 | 25 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | (1000 |
| | 000 | 000 | 50 | 5000 | | 4000 | T |
| | | | 00 | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Commercial | 900 | 900 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 121 | (MT) |
| Production | 000 | 000 | 30 | 0000 | | 0000 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Non-Comm. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
| Production | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL Production | 900 | 900 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 121 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 30 | 0000 | | 0000 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL Imports | 7 | 300 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 100 | (MT) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL SUPPLY | 900 | 900 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 121 | (MT) |
| | 007 | 300 | 30 | 0050 | | 0100 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
| | | | 20 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Domestic Fresh | 244 | 244 | 35 | 25 | 0 | 26 | (MT) |
| Consumption | 007 | 300 | 00 | 0050 | | 0100 | |
| | | | 20 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Exports, Fresh | 206 | 206 | 25 | 27 | 0 | 23 | (MT) |
| Only | 000 | 000 | 00 | 0000 | | 0000 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| For Processing | 450 | 450 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 72 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 00 | 0000 | | 0000 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| Withdrawal From | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
| Market | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL UTILIZATION | 900 | 900 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 121 | (MT) |
| | 007 | 300 | 30 | 0050 | | 0100 | |
| | | | 00 | | | | |
| | | | 20 | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+----+------+------+------+-------+
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| ##### | | | |
| ## Prices Table | | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Country | Argentina | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Commodity | Apples, Fresh | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Prices in | US\$ FOB | per uom | MT |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| | | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Year | 2004 | 2005 | \% Change |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jan | 470 | 490 | 4% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Feb | 480 | 510 | 6% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Mar | 430 | 460 | 7% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Apr | 440 | 450 | 2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| May | 430 | 440 | 2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jun | 430 | 430 | 0% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jul | 410 | 390 | -5% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Aug | 380 | 380 | 0% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Sep | 410 | 400 | -2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Oct | 420 | 430 | 2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Nov | 440 | 460 | 5% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Dec | 460 | | -100% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Exchange Rate | 3 | Local | |
| | | Currency/US \$ | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Date of Quote | 1/12/2006 | MM/DD/YYYY | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| ####### PSD Table | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Country | Arg | | | | | | |
| | ent | | | | | | |
| | ina | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Commodity | Pea | | | | ( | | |
| | rs, | | | | HA)( | | |
| | Fr | | | | 1000 | | |
| | esh | | | | TR | | |
| | | | | | EES) | | |
| | | | | | (MT) | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| | 2 | R | 2 | Es | 2005 | Fore | UOM |
| | 003 | evi | 004 | tim | | cast | |
| | | sed | | ate | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| | U | P | U | P | USDA | Post | |
| | SDA | ost | SDA | ost | Offi | Est | |
| | Of | Est | Of | Est | cial | imat | |
| | fic | ima | fic | ima | \[O | e\[N | |
| | ial | te\ | ial | te\ | ld\] | ew\] | |
| | \ | [Ne | \ | [Ne | | | |
| | [Ol | w\] | [Ol | w\] | | | |
| | d\] | | d\] | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Market Year Begin | | 0 | | 0 | | 01/ | MM |
| | | 1/2 | | 1/2 | | 2006 | /YYYY |
| | | 004 | | 005 | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Area Planted | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 26 | (HA) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Area Harvested | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 22 | (HA) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Bearing Trees | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 2 | (1000 |
| | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | | 2000 | T |
| | | | | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Non-Bearing Trees | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4000 | (1000 |
| | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | | T |
| | | | | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Total Trees | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 2 | (1000 |
| | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | | 6000 | T |
| | | | | | | | REES) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Commercial | 525 | 525 | 640 | 640 | 0 | 71 | (MT) |
| Production | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Non-Comm. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
| Production | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL Production | 525 | 525 | 640 | 640 | 0 | 71 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL Imports | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL SUPPLY | 525 | 525 | 640 | 640 | 0 | 71 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Domestic Fresh | 84 | 84 | 90 | 80 | 0 | 10 | (MT) |
| Consumption | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Exports, Fresh | 321 | 321 | 430 | 440 | 0 | 43 | (MT) |
| Only | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| For Processing | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 18 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| Withdrawal From | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
| Market | | | | | | | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
| TOTAL UTILIZATION | 525 | 525 | 640 | 640 | 0 | 71 | (MT) |
| | 000 | 000 | 000 | 000 | | 0000 | |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+-------+
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| ##### | | | |
| ## Prices Table | | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Country | Argentina | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Commodity | Pears, Fresh | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Prices in | US\$ FOB | per uom | MT |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Year | 2004 | 2005 | \% Change |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jan | 480 | 490 | 2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Feb | 480 | 500 | 4% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Mar | 480 | 400 | -17% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Apr | 470 | 480 | 2% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| May | 460 | 480 | 4% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jun | 470 | 490 | 4% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jul | 480 | 560 | 17% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Aug | 470 | 520 | 11% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Sep | 510 | 530 | 4% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Oct | 550 | 590 | 7% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Nov | 620 | 590 | -5% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Dec | 600 | | -100% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Exchange Rate | 3 | Local | |
| | | Currency/US \$ | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Date of Quote | 1/12/2006 | MM/DD/YYYY | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| # | | | | | | | |
| ###### PSD Table | | | | | | | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Country | A | | | | | | |
| | rgen | | | | | | |
| | tina | | | | | | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Commodity | A | | | | (MT) | | |
| | pple | | | | | | |
| | Ju | | | | | | |
| | ice, | | | | | | |
| | Conc | | | | | | |
| | entr | | | | | | |
| | ated | | | | | | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| | 2003 | Rev | 2004 | Esti | 2005 | Fore | UOM |
| | | ised | | mate | | cast | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| | USDA | Post | USDA | Post | USDA | Post | |
| | Offi | Est | Offi | Est | Offi | Est | |
| | cial | imat | cial | imat | cial | imat | |
| | \[O | e\[N | \[O | e\[N | \[O | e\[N | |
| | ld\] | ew\] | ld\] | ew\] | ld\] | ew\] | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Market Year | | 01/ | | 01/ | | 01/ | MM/ |
| Begin | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | YYYY |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Deliv. To | 45 | 45 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 0 | (MT) |
| Processors | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | | | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Beginning Stocks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | (MT) |
| | 0233 | 0233 | 3833 | 3833 | 3433 | 5333 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Production | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | (MT) |
| | 0000 | 0000 | 9000 | 5000 | | 6000 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Imports | 600 | 600 | 600 | 500 | 0 | 500 | (MT) |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| TOTAL SUPPLY | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 8 | (MT) |
| | 0833 | 0833 | 3433 | 9333 | 3433 | 1833 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Exports | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | (MT) |
| | 5000 | 5000 | 7000 | 0000 | | 5000 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Domestic | 2000 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 0 | 3000 | (MT) |
| Consumption | | | | | | | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Ending Stocks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | (MT) |
| | 3833 | 3833 | 3433 | 5333 | | 3833 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| TOTAL | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 8 | (MT) |
| DISTRIBUTION | 0833 | 0833 | 3433 | 9333 | | 1833 | |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| ##### | | | |
| ## Prices Table | | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Country | Argentina | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Commodity | Apple Juice, | | |
| | Concentrated | | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Prices in | US\$ FOB | per uom | MT |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Year | 2004 | 2005 | \% Change |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jan | 770 | 1010 | 31% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Feb | 820 | 830 | 1% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Mar | 820 | 950 | 16% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Apr | 980 | 430 | -56% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| May | 980 | 720 | -27% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jun | 980 | 700 | -29% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Jul | 970 | 740 | -24% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Aug | 870 | 700 | -20% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Sep | 980 | 680 | -31% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Oct | 910 | 690 | -24% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Nov | 970 | 710 | -27% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Dec | 860 | 0 | -100% |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Exchange Rate | 3 | Local | |
| | | Currency/US \$ | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Date of Quote | 1/12/2006 | MM/DD/YYYY | |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| en |
markdown | 034876 | # Presentation: 034876
## Carbon Sequestration at the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux Site
**Carbon Sequestration at the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux Site**
- Russell Monson, Andrew Turnipseed, Jed Sparks, Travis Huxman
- Department of EPO Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
**Introduction**
- Three years of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measurements are now available for the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux site in Colorado. The site is a subalpine coniferous forest, with a lodgepole pine-dominated forest downslope from the primary flux tower and a subalpine fir-dominated forest upslope from the tower. Current carbon sequestration studies at the site are focused on (1) the coupling of wintertime snow pack and soil respiratory fluxes, and (2) the cause of differences in ecosystem water-use efficiency between the pine-dominated forest and the fir-dominated forest.
**Upper panel.** Cumulative NEE for the site varied from -80.5 to -57.6 g C m-2 over the three years, which included years with near-normal total precipitation (1998-1999) and lower-than-normal total precipitation (1999-2000). **Lower panel.** The late-winter snowpack was relatively deep during 2000 compared to 1999 and 2001 -- note the concomitantly higher CO2 loss rates in the winter of 2000. The summers of 2000 and 2001 were drier than the summer of 1999 -- note the concomitantly lower CO2 uptake rates in the summers of 2000 and 2001.
- The year 2000 had a higher snow pack during the winter, accompanied by higher soil surface temperatures and higher respiration rates. Although we only have three years of data, the trend is suggestive of a strong coupling between winter hydrology and ecosystem carbon balance.
- This research was supported by the SouthCentral section of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) and the Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
- Approximately 60% of the carbon sequestered during the summer is lost through respiration the following winter. More snow means warmer soil surface temperatures, higher soil respiration rates, and more carbon loss.
- To date, we cannot explain the higher water-use efficiency for the pine-dominated forest on the basis of needle characteristics. The explanation may reside in lower ecosystem respiration rates in the pine-dominated forest due to lower surface soil moisture contents. This hypothesis is being tested at the present time with chamber measurements and Keeling plots.
- Ecosystem water use efficiency (the ratio of CO2 flux to H2O flux) during periods when the wind direction was easterly (from the pine-dominated community) or westerly (from the fir-dominated community). Note the higher water use efficiencies for the pine-dominated community.
- Needle-level water-use efficiency did not differ among the three dominant tree species, as determined by carbon isotope ratio (upper table). Ecosystem, nighttime respiration was significantly higher at higher temperatures during the summer in the fir-dominated forest, compared to the pine- dominated forest (lower figure). The fir-dominated forest has higher needle nitrogen concentrations and slightly higher LAI (data not shown). | en |
all-txt-docs | 031299 | Tools for Public Speaking
Tools for Public Speaking contains resources to enhance public presentations
about New Directions. This section contains the following:
o Sample Speech
o Suggested Talking Points
How To Use the Sample Speech
A sample 20-minute speech that provides an overview of New Directions is
presented in this section. The sample speech is designed to use as a keynote
speech about New Directions, and can be used when opening a statewide task
force, community forum, or plenary session. It is built in segment--after a brief
introduction to New Directions, the speech lays out challenges to enhance
victims' rights, discusses the critical role of each stage of the justice system, and
highlights what allied professions can do to help crime victims. Given the type of
the audience and time allotted for the presentation, the speech can be reduced
to 10 minutes (noted in speech). The speech can be even more persuasive and
powerful if presenters incorporate their experiences into the speech. Please
note: when using crime victim stories, always seek permission from the victim
before including such information in any speech.
How To Use the Talking Points for Presentation
The suggested talking points presented in this section highlight key issues and
ideas, promising practices, and recommendations found within New Directions.
They are organized to correspond with New Directions' five global challenges.
Talking points are provided for each global challenge in an easy to use format
that includes introductory statements, examples to underscore the topic, and
summary statements. The talking points are designed to enhance any
presentation. When combined with specific examples from local, State, Tribal,
national, or international speaker experiences and concerns, presentations can
be even more informative and useful.
----------------------------
Sample New Directions Speech
Even though nearly 30,000 victims' rights laws have been enacted across the
Nation and 10,000 victim assistance programs have been established in
communities to help crime victims, the trauma of victimization is very painful for
too many of America's 31 million crime victims each year. Let's consider just
three examples of crime victims' experiences in the aftermath of criminal
victimization. While these cases are hypothetical, they contain real problems
experienced by real crime victims in communities across the Nation every day.
Johnnie, a molested child, is so frightened by the strange and daunting criminal
justice system that when it comes time to testify in court, he is too afraid to
speak--the molester goes free. Sophie, the mother of three children, has been
hospitalized from the injuries she received as the result of yet another brutal
beating at the hands of her husband. Sophie now must choose between life in a
home where she and her children risk further violence on a daily basis or life on
the street where their safety and well-being are no more certain. Susan, a rape
victim, becomes aware that her attacker has been released from prison when
she sees him in the grocery store because no one bothered to tell her in
advance that he would be getting out of prison.
You have probably heard stories just like these. You see them on televison or
read about them in the paper every day. You or someone you know might have
even experienced such injustice first hand. Such affronts to our basic principles
of justice seem to affect us at a visceral level, shaking our belief in the
fundamental fairness of our society and our criminal justice system.
Though the U.S. Department of Justice reports that for the past several years
crime rates have been decreasing overall, evidence of violence and fear of
crime seem to surround us in our daily lives. Statistics indicate that crime is on
the decline, but Americans feel less safe now than at any other time in our
Nation's history. The problems of crime and crime victims seem overwhelming
and intractable. Some choose to look the other way, rendered helpless and
hopeless by the nature and magnitude of the problem. Yet even if you are
someone whose sense of moral outrage at such injustice urges you to action,
what can be done that will make any difference?
What can one person do? Indeed, what can an entire community do to address
problems that seem as formidable as they do pervasive? In short, how do we
address the many injustices crime victims suffer under our Nation's current
system of justice? Tough questions that seem to have no easy answers.
It may surprise you to learn that I stand before you today, ready to suggest
answers to these difficult questions--or at least to suggest a place to begin
looking for solutions--the answer is as simple as turning to a single book. [Hold
up New Directions]--a book representing the collective knowledge of more
than 1,000 individuals from communities across the Nation and published by
the U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime. It's called New
Directions from the Field: Victims' Rights and Services for the 21st Century,
and it's available to you absolutely free. This is no ordinary government
publication. Rather, as its title implies, it sets forth recommendations from
individuals across the Nation. New Directions represents the voices of crime
victims, along with hundreds of victim services and justice professionals, who
contributed to the development of this groundbreaking publication. New
Directions provides recommendations from the field for the field for improving
the treatment of crime victims in every part of the Nation.
The Office for Victims of Crime, within the U.S. Department of Justice,
supported the development of this publication by soliciting input through expert
summits, public hearings, focus groups, national training academies, and
symposia. These forums included professionals representing the judiciary, law
enforcement, prosecution, and corrections. Also included were crime victims,
victim service providers, crime victim compensation program personnel, and
allied victim services professionals from every constituency. The result of these
efforts is a definitive description of the "state of crime victim justice" in America
today and recommendations for the future. The cumulative knowledge gained
from the contributors allows unparalleled precision in defining the problems of
crime victims and, more importantly, offers the most promising solutions to
those problems. New Directions incorporates 250 recommendations and
hundreds of promising practices and practical strategies to those individuals,
organizations, and agencies who provide victims' rights and services in either the
private or public sector.
For example, New Directions contains an entire chapter on children as victims,
which includes a host of policies, programs, and procedures that have helped
minimize the trauma and emotional distress child victims of sexual assault must
endure during their involvement with the criminal justice process. This chapter
discusses programs, such as child advocacy centers, which provide a caring,
sensitive environment for taking care of the legal and emotional needs of child
victims such as young Johnnie. It includes the fundamental conceptual
framework for collaborative community responses to domestic violence so
victims can avail themselves of the resources that will allow them to escape a
life of torment for one of hope, safety, and security. New Directions suggests
countless ways for the criminal justice system to protect and keep safe victims
such as Sophie, including enforcing anti-stalking laws. New Directions also cites
strategies, such as automated notification, which would greatly enhance the
ability to provide notice of a perpetrator's release to the victim before the
perpetrator hits the street. This would allow crime victims like Susan, a rape
survivor, to feel some sense of safety and security knowing that at least she will
know the status and location of her offender.
Perhaps more than to any other segment of our society, New Directions speaks
to criminal and juvenile justice officials who have the primary responsibility for
keeping our democracy's most sacred promise--the promise of justice for all its
citizens. Indeed, justice officials often define what "justice" really means for our
Nation's crime victims. They define its nature and its scope. New Directions
challenges those both inside and outside the criminal and juvenile justice
systems to re-examine the way in which they administer victim justice.
New Directions, in essence, poses the question, "What, indeed, are the
boundaries of justice?" The answer resulting from years of input from a diverse
community of professionals and volunteers serving victims is this: Helping
victims should not be about boundaries. Justice officials and society as a whole
must stop asking, "What is the least we can do for crime victims?" Rather,
justice officials and society must start asking, "What is the most we can do for
crime victims?" The provision of quality victim services extends beyond the
enforcement of victims' rights. It asks justice officials to do more than live
up to the letter of victim-related laws, but go further and live up to the spirit of
those laws. This means that provision of quality victim services means doing
what is right for victims to make them feel respected and validated, to help them
reconstruct their lives in the aftermath of a crime, and to show that the justice
process can be caring, concerned, and just.
Justice practitioners, in particular, can use New Directions as a road map for
victim justice. Traditionally, like Johnnie, Sophie, and Susan, victims have
endured numerous detours and roadblocks in their search for justice. This
remarkable book [hold up book] offers simply that: new directions toward a
Nation and communities that make quality victim services and expanded
victims' rights a destination, rather than a dream. (10 minute stop point)
New Directions offers law enforcement vital resources on how to best fulfill
their role as the "first responders" to crime and victims. It emphasizes promising
practices that will result in positive victims' memories and opinions of their first
encounter with the justice system. The numerous recommendations, policies,
protocols, and procedures offered by New Directions provide a sound
basis for realizing law enforcement's fundamental mandate to "protect and
serve" victims of crime.
New Directions provides prosecutors specific recommendations for their role
and responsibilities for the implementation of victims' core rights, which are
notification, participation, input, and protection. Equally important, New
Directions highlights the vital and central role of the prosecutor to important
collaborative efforts involving allied professions and the community in pursuit of
victim justice. As a primary purveyor of victim justice, prosecutors can serve
as guides to victims who journey toward justice, using the guideposts provided
by New Directions.
New Directions clearly recognizes and describes the significant leadership role
of judges. The judiciary has the power and responsibility to ensure a fair and
respectful justice process to all parties involved, including victims. New
Directions validates this key leadership role and offers promising practices that
encourage judges to use and cultivate their inherent leadership responsibilities to
promote justice for all.
New Directions documents the tremendous progress that has been made in the
past two decades in victims' rights and services during the post-sentencing
phases of cases. While the role of community and institutional corrections has
traditionally focused on offender management and supervision, their
responsibilities for implementing victims' rights and services and focusing on
community protection and safety are without parallel. For corrections officials,
New Directions offers many model policies, programs, and practices that have
been developed through partnerships between victim services and correctional
agencies. Together they strive to achieve a balance of the rights, needs, and
interests of victims, offenders, and the community.
New Directions rightfully recognizes our Nation's victim services community as
"the glue that holds it all together." Many people are surprised to learn that there
are more than 10,000 programs that serve victims of crime, located in
communities of all kinds--large, small, urban, and rural. While the policies
and programs of victim services communities may vary, their central mission
remains the same. They want to ensure that victims of crime are afforded rights
and services in a manner respectful of the trauma they have endured and
insightful into their most critical needs. New Directions offers valuable
perspectives into the roles of victim service providers, who act as catalysts for
positive change and as caregivers in victims' time of need.
For allied professional stakeholders on the road to victim justice, New
Directions provides both a road map and indispensable "roadside services" that
help victims progress. These services take the form of concrete, creative
examples of programs and practices that recognize the mutual responsibility of
the Nation, the community, and the individuals to secure justice for victims of
crime.
The justice system alone cannot accomplish the lofty goals of victim justice.
Rather, it relies on the active involvement and creative, collaborative responses
of individuals and agencies seeking to improve society's perception and
treatment of crime victims. Everyone can help--health and mental health
professionals, educators, members of the news media, the faith community, and
business and legal professionals. What is the most important is that, as
Maryland homicide victim Stephanie Roper recorded in her journal before her
tragic murder, "One person can make a difference, and everyone should try."
New Directions challenges key stakeholders to support initiatives that improve
the plight of victims and provides countless, creative solutions that have been
developed over the life of the victims' rights discipline that have made a
significant difference for victims.
It is often said that a "just" society is best measured by how its citizens are
treated by the justice system. By that standard, we live in a world of unfulfilled
promise and potential when it comes to victim justice. New Directions is by far
the best book ever written to guide our Nation in its journey toward that justice.
Consider that 31 million crimes will be committed this year. This means that
virtually everyone will be a direct or indirect victim of crime. It is in everyone's
interest to join in the journey even though the trip may be long and difficult.
Even though the first generation of the victims' rights movement has shortened
our journey by many miles, the end is not in sight. We may not make it to the
promised land, to paraphrase Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but we can take
solace in knowing that each day, in big and small ways, we take steps that will
ease the journey to justice for the countless generations of victims who will
follow in our footsteps.
New Directions offers us the opportunity to take the small steps that will allow
our Nation to take giant leaps forward for victims. It provides the blue print and
the tools, but it is up to all of us, joined together, to build the road. Remember,
"many hands make light work," so I encourage each and every one of you to
spread the word. Share New Directions, share its ideas, share its vision of
victim justice. Share it in part or in whole, with friends, with colleagues, with
community leaders, and with elected officials. Share everyone who cares, or
should care, about the quality of justice in America. Injustice to one of us is an
injustice to all of us. . . especially to victims of crime.
----------------------------
Talking Points for New Directions: Five Global Challenges for the Field
Certain key recommendations emerged during compilation of the hundreds
of recommendations from the field and from listening to the voices of crime
victims, their advocates, and the allied professionals working with crime
victims throughout the Nation.
The following five global challenges for responding to crime victims form
the core of the hundreds of ideas and recommendations contained in New
Directions.
1. To enact and enforce consistent, fundamental rights for crime victims in
Federal, State, juvenile, military, and Tribal justice systems, and administrative
proceedings.
2. To provide crime victims with access to comprehensive, quality services
regardless of the nature of their victimization, age, race, religion, gender,
ethnicity, sexual orientation, capability, or geographic location.
3. To integrate crime victims' issues into all levels of the Nation's educational
system to ensure that justice and allied professionals and other service
providers receive comprehensive training on victims' issues as part of their
academic education and continuing training in the field.
4. To support, improve, and replicate promising practices in victims' rights and
services built upon sound research, advanced technology, and multidisciplinary
partnerships.
5. To ensure that the voices of crime victims play a central role in the Nation's
response to violence and those victimized by crime.
| en |
markdown | 064600 | # Presentation: 064600
## National Saltwater Angler Registry Program
- Report for the
- Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee
- December 18, 2007
## Initiative Governance Structure
**Notes:**
NOTE: Analysis and Design Work Groups have been merged
## Executive Steering Committee
**Fishery Management Councils**
- Kitty Simonds (WPFMC)
- Miguel Rolon (CFMC)
**Interstate Commissions**
- Vince O’Shea (ASMFC)
- Larry Simpson (GSMFC)
- Randy Fisher (PSMFC)
**Federal Advisory Committee**
- Bob Fletcher (MAFAC)
**NOAA Fisheries**
- Doug Mecum (NMFS – AKRO)
- Nancy Thompson (NMFS – NEFSC)
- John Boreman (NMFS – ST, Chair)
- Tom Gleason (NMFS – MB, Executive Secretary)
## Registry Team Members
**Federal**
- Gordon Colvin, NOAA Fisheries Service *(chair)*
- Ken Richkus, US Fish and Wildlife Service
**State**
- Phil Anderson, Washington DFW
- Erik Barth, Virginia MRC
- George Lapointe, Maine DMR
- Ron Regan, Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
- Mark Robson, Florida FWCC
- Spud Woodward, Georgia CRD
- Brad Spear, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission
- Bob Clark, Alaska DFG
**Council**
- Ed Ebisui, Western Pacific Fishery Management Council
**Constituent**
- Dick Brame, Coastal Conservation Association
- Jim Donofrio, Recreational Fishing Alliance
- Eric Schwaab, MAFAC Liaison, Maryland DNR
**Notes:**
Thanks to all the members.
Acknowledge the ASMFC members:
Brad Spear—ASMFC staff
George Lapointe—ASMFC Chairman
Mark Robson—Florida
Spud Woodward—Georgia
Erik Barth—Virginia
Eric Schwaab—our host state of Maryland
## Registry and MRII Principles
- Inclusive
- Collaborative
- Transparent
**Notes:**
Inclusive: Our partners and stakeholders are involved in the Teams and Work Groups. Thanks to ASMFC for committing Vince to ESC, Megan to OT and Brad to RT. Thanks to the many states who have contributed staff to the Teams and WG’s.
Collaborative: we recognize the need for the Registry to be a collaborative state-federal effort or it will not achieve its goals
Transparent: We are committed to info sharing. We are informing all of the Team’s recommendations early, and before final decisions are made by NOAA.
## Background: Basis of Registry
- National Research Council
- Establish “a comprehensive, universal sampling frame with national coverage.”
- ...by creating a “national registration of all saltwater anglers” or “through new or existing state saltwater license programs that would allow no exemptions and that would provide appropriate contact information from anglers fishing in all marine waters, state and federal.”
**Notes:**
Emphasis is on creating a complete registry, with no exemptions.
## Basis of Registry (cont.)
- Magnuson-Stevens Act
- Federally established national/regional registry
- Fishing in EEZ or for anadromous species
- No fee before January 1, 2011
- Vessels included?
- Anglers may be exempted based on data provided by states
**Notes:**
Sec 401 of MSA: Requires Secretary to “establish a program to improve the quality and accuracy of information generated by the Marine Recreational Fishery Statistics Survey with a goal of achieving acceptable accuracy and utility for each individual fishery.” Program shall take into consideration, and to the extent feasible, implement the recommendations of the NRC review. To include “use of surveys that target anglers registered or licensed at the State or Federal level...”
NOTE: Although NRC strongly recommended no exemptions, the federal authority is limited to EEZ and anadromous fish. All other fishing in state waters is exempted. This means that NOAA and the states need to work together to assure all anglers are included in the directory.
NOAA intends to charge a fee to register effective 2011. The amount of the fee will be set consistent with NOAA policy, and is likely to be commensurate with other similar fees, e.g. the tuna permits, i.e. around $25.00--$30.00.
For-hire vessels will be included. Private vessels will not (unless there is some future plan in a given region to conduct vessel-based surveys.)
States may seek “Exempted State Status” whereby the anglers and/or for-hire vessels they license/register would be exempted.
## Basis of Registry (cont.)
- The secretary shall exempt from registration under the program recreational fishermen and charter fishing vessels licensed, permitted or registered under the laws of a State _**if the Secretary determines that information from the state program is suitable for the Secretary’s use or is used to assist in completing marine recreational fisheries statistical surveys,**_ or evaluating the effects of proposed conservation and management measures for marine fisheries.”
**Notes:**
Basis of the Secretary’s authority to determine what information states need to submit, so that is “suitable for the Secretary’s use”
Also sets the basis for the Hybrid Approach that also allows a survey-based exemption.
## REGISTRY TEAM GOALS
- Goal: Build, over time, and maintain a directory that identifies and supplies mail and telephone contact information for marine anglers and for-hire vessels in the United States, and that is sufficient in conjunction with supplemental data, to characterize saltwater angling effort as intended by the NRC Recreational Survey Review Panel and by Congress in the MSA.
- Subgoal: Maximize the use of information collected by states in conjunction with state licenses or registries to populate the directory.
- Subgoal: Minimize the time and paperwork required for anglers to submit information to the directory.
- Goal: Enable states, working through regional partnerships, to collect and submit recreational catch and effort data that conforms to national standards in lieu of submission of angler identification information.
- Goal: Achieve a high level of support for, and confidence in, the quality and utility of the data that results from use of the directory from anglers and fisheries professionals.
**Notes:**
We want to build a complete angler directory as the NRC recommended. We know that will take some time to do right. So the emphasis is on “build”.
We want to work with state registry data.
We will also work with regional data collection partnerships.
We must support the overall goals of MRIP to improve data quality. This is about improving recreational data quality—period.
## Registry Team Schedule
**Select the Approach for creating the National Saltwater Angler Registry and adopt a Development Plan that incorporates that Approach by September 30, 2007. **** **
**Adopt a final rule to implement the program by spring, 2008. ****Complete Exemption Agreements with qualifying states by January, 2009. **** **
**Establish the process for registering anglers from non-exempted states by December 31, 2008. **** **
**Begin to register anglers and to receive angler identification and contact information from exempted states, and to input that data into a new national saltwater angler registry data base, by January, 2009. **
## Getting to Exempted State Status
- State provides NOAA with a license or registry-based frame of anglers and/or for-hire vessels including identification and contact information;
- OR
- State uses registry-based information in a regional survey accepted by NOAA
- -*This has come to be known as the Hybrid Approach*
**Notes:**
NOAA will entertain applications from states that describe their license systems, including a description of the categories of persons licensed, and of the data and data format the state can provide that includes the necessary identification and contact information: name, address and telephone contact # for anglers; for-hire vessel name, vessel name and registration # and address and contact info for vessel owner and operator.
Based on that info, NOAA and the Exempted Status states would enter into MOA’s that formalize the agreement to deliver registry data and to address future data delivery milestones.
States that do not seek or receive Exempted State Status determinations initially, may apply again.
States involved in a regional survey may apply individually or as a group.
## POTENTIALLY:
Youths < 14 to 16
Seniors > 60 (initially)
Fishing on licensed piers or for-hire vessels
Disabled anglers
Active military while on furlough
These are some possible exemptions currently being considered.
- Youths < 14 to 16
- Seniors > 60 (initially)
- Fishing on licensed piers or for-hire vessels
- Disabled anglers
- Active military while on furlough
*These are some possible exemptions currently being considered.*
- What State License Exemptions Will NOAA Accept?
**Notes:**
All states exempt junior anglers. We will need to do studies to determine how to address the need to assure their effort is accurately captured.
Senior exemptions will be accepted for 2 years.
## State License Exemptions We’re Concerned About
- Fishing on a licensed private boat
- Fishing from private property
- Shore and public pier fishing exemptions
- Exclusion of some marine waters
## Challenges to a Complete Sampling Frame
**Lifetime or long-term licenses**
- to retain Exempted State status, states would commit to a time frame to refresh licensees’ data
**Combination licenses**
- states would commit to a time frame for earmarking saltwater anglers
**Senior license**
- states would commit to a time frame for recovering ID and contact info for exempted seniors
**Data delivery**
- assure state registry data is available and deliverable in a usable format within a specified time frame
**Notes:**
Our goal is to get to a complete directory of all marine anglers, as the NRC recommended. To do that, we must address the problems caused by senior exemptions, lifetime licenses and combination licenses. However, we understand these will be challenging for the states to address. Therefore we would accept state license data bases that include them initially, and work with each state through its MOA commitment to get the data cleaned up over a 2-year period.
## Survey-based Exemptions
- State survey data is part of a Regional survey. Define the regions as: Western Pacific: Alaska; Pacific (i.e. Pacific RecFIN); Gulf (i.e. RecFIN SA); Caribbean; Atlantic (i.e. ACCSP).
- Surveys utilize angler registry frames.
- Surveys are determined by NOAA Fisheries to meet national survey design and data collection standards
**Notes:**
Emphasize surveys must be regional, and not individual state surveys (except Alaska, which is a region).
Surveys need to be based on use of anger registry data, rather than random household directories.
National standard requirements will be based on three questions:
1. Does that survey design and data delivery conform to standards as they are developed by MRIP?
2. Does the survey design address the NRC recommendations?
3. Does the data produced by the survey meet the essential needs of the fishery management and stock assessment partners in the region?
## State-Federal Communications
- Regular progress reports to states; no surprises
- We will invite states to participate in outreach and communication actions
- Upon request, Registry and Operations Team will be available to brief state agencies, legislators and state marine fishery council members
**Notes:**
We would like some feedback on the information we have been sending.
Are the E-mails too much or too little? Is there a better way?
Are the products (talking points and FAQ’s) helpful? What else would be helpful?
## Questions and Comments
- Website:
- _[http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/mrii/angler_registry.html](http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/mrii/angler_registry.html)_
- Email to _[cyberfish@noaa.gov](mailto:cyberfish@noaa.gov)_
- Gordon Colvin contact info:
- 301-713-2367 ext. 175 (office)
- 240-357-4524 (cell)
- _[gordon.colvin@noaa.gov](mailto:gordon.colvin@noaa.gov)_ | en |
markdown | 160411 | # Presentation: 160411
## Integrating Model Checking and Procedural Languages
- David Owen
- July 19, 2004
## Overview
- Background: verification / search tools, criteria for when to use which tool, combining different strategies.
- Experiments: flight guidance system, leader election protocol, dining philosophers, resource arbiter.
- Implementation: Lurch, our random simulation tool for finite-state models.
- Lean: Lurch + machine learning.
- Lean experiment: Chemical factory optimization.
## A Continuum of Testing and Verification Tools
- A range of tools exists, from traditional software testing to automated verification.
- Simulation tools that approximate full verification but work on more complex models.
- Sophisticated testing tools capable of detecting more complex errors.
- AutomatedVerification
- TraditionalSoftware Testing
- Complex ModelsSimple Errors
- Simple ModelsComplex Errors
- Tools to ApproximateFull Verification
- More SophisticatedTesting Tools
- RealLanguages
- Model Checking
**Notes:**
Simulation and testing tools are capable of finding more complex errors: deadlocks, safety property violations.
Many incomplete techniques scale to large systems but can’t handle liveness properties.
In explicit-state model checkers (e.g., SPIN) you have to turn off the shorter counter example features to handle larger models.
## Changing Expectations of a Software Analyst
- Cobleigh et.al. idea—three modes of analysis.
- Exploratory mode: quick feedback needed to learn how the system works and refine properties.
- Fault-finding mode: short and clear error traces needed for debugging.
- Maintenance mode: completeness, scalability needed to verify overall system.
- Different tools have different strengths.
- Simulation tools good for exploratory mode.
- Symbolic model checking good for short error traces.
- Explicit-state model checking good for speed and scalability.
## Combining Complimentary Strategies
**Combining Complimentary Strategies**
- Different tools have different strengths and weaknesses.
- Cobleigh et.al. suggest “The Right Algorithm at the Right Time” (ICSE 2001).
- We’ve had some success with a different approach, combining complimentary strategies (regardless of analyst’s mode).
- Start with a quick, incomplete tool; if no errors found after a few seconds use a model checker (complete verification).
- Quick, Incomplete Search
- Model Checker
- No ErrorsFound
- Done
- Errors Found
**Notes:**
Quick, incomplete search is Lurch: random simulation of finite-state model + early stopping heuristics.
Lurch is fast, good at finding short counter examples, and allows easy integration of C code, but it’s not complete.
Model Checking (SPIN or SMV in our experiments) can be slow but is complete.
Together, we get a complete technique that’s often much faster.
Next three experiments show how combined approach works well...
## Random Simulation of Concurrent System Models
- Randomized algorithms known to be simple, fast and effective in many domains.
- West used random simulation to detect errors in concurrent system models.
- This approach was surprisingly successful.
- Success was attributed to the fact that most errors detected are much less complex than the overall system.
- We have implemented a similar random simulation in a tool called Lurch.
- Added early stopping heuristics.
- C code can be included in the model.
**Notes:**
Randomized algorithms good at, e.g., optimization, sorting, planning problems...
Concurrent system models = the finite-state machine models that work with a model checker.
Errors less complex:
in a system with many components, a small number of key components interact to cause the error.
many different interleavings of system behavior lead to the same error (where partial-order reduction
works for explicit-state model checking).
Lurch is our implementation of random simulation for finite-state models.
## Flight Guidance System Experiment
- Work with Mats Heimdahl and Jimin Gao (University of Minnesota).
- Ran Lurch, NuSMV on model representing mode logic from a Rockwell-Collins flight guidance system.
- Seeded faults based on developers’ revision history.
- Used NuSMV to (exhaustively) determine what properties were violated by faulty specifications.
- Tried to find the violations with Lurch (random simulation of the model).
- Put Lurch and NuSMV results together to evaluate combined strategy.
**Notes:**
All safety properties (i.e., proof of violation is a single global state)
## Flight Guidance System Experiment (2)
**5,910**3.92141,000
- 14,00014,00027,600
- 12,2003,890141,000
- 1.491.034.43
- Combined average median max
**8,200**3,540141,000
- 14,00014,00027,600
- 12,2003,890141,000
- 4,3803,29017,500
- NuSMV average median max
- 55340.15,400
- 1.491.034.43
- Lurch average median max
- Overall
- Lurch ?
- Lurch > 5
- Lurch < 5
- Property violations not detected by Lurch
- Combined strategyimproves averageby over 1⁄2 hour.
- Time (seconds) to verify or find error plotted;combined = Lurch for 5 sec., then SPIN if noproperty violations found by Lurch.
**Notes:**
Much of the time difference here could be explained by the fact that Lurch is explicit-state, vs. NuSMV, which is symbolic. Following examples show how Lurch + explicit state (SPIN) combined strategy is also very effective.
Most memory used by Lurch in any of these runs: 37.3 Mb, compared to NuSMV: 200-300 Mb
## Leader Election Protocol Experiment
- Protocol published as an example for SPIN (Holzmann 1997 TSE article).
*N* processes communicating via message queues interact to choose one leader process.
- Checked for liveness property *always(eventually(one “leader” chosen))*.
- Ran Lurch + SPIN combination strategy on original and two fault-seeded versions of the model.
- Seeded faults: where a process is sending out a message, the wrong message type was used.
- Two different fault-seeded versions created: one that turned out easy, another that turned out harder.
**Notes:**
Seeded faults: at a point where a process is sending out a message, the wrong message type was used.
Two different fault-seeded versions were created: one for which it turned out to be easy to find the violation and another for which it turned out to be much more
difficult.
## Leader Election Protocol Experiment (2)
**20.4**0.173249
- 20.40.183195
- 0.1370.1280.173
- 54.29.67249
- Combined average median max
**23.4**0.125244
- 31.23.21190
- 0.0590.0550.08
- 49.24.67244
- SPIN average median max
- 1.600.1837.19
- 0.1370.1280.173
- Lurch average median max
- Overall
- Fault 2
- Fault 1
- Correct
- Although SPIN alone
- is better on the correctand first fault-seeded
- versions, average forcombined strategy isstill better overall.
- Time (seconds) to verify or find error plotted;combined = Lurch for 5 sec., then SPIN if noproperty violations found by Lurch.
## Leader Election Protocol Experiment (3)
- This plot shows the time required for Lurch and SPIN running on a model with both of the seeded faults described previously.
- Instances with an odd number of processes are much more difficult for SPIN, but not for Lurch.
- This demonstrates a well-known benefit of some randomized algorithms: less sensitivity to (apparently) minor changes in the input.
**Notes:**
Not dealing with combined strategy here, but just showing the benefit of randomization.
Even when both (Lurch and SPIN) are explicit-state approaches, there can be a big difference in performance for some input models.
## Dining Philosophers Experiment
- Two different versions of the problem:
- Normal: *n* philosophers seated around a table; each repeatedly tries to acquire left and right forks, eat, and then set down the forks.
- No loop: same as normal version, except philosophers only try to eat once.
- Both versions of the problem contain two deadlocks at depth *n*.
- We ran Lurch, SPIN and NuSMV, until the *shortest path* to a deadlock was found.
- The normal version was harder for NuSMV and Lurch; the no-loop version was harder for SPIN.
**Notes:**
For this problem, you know the theoretical shortest path ahead of time; it’s n.
Previous two experiments (it could be argued) favor explicit-state model checking, which which tends to be good at quickly finding long error traces.
This experiment is different, since we force the explicit-state techniques (Lurch and SPIN) to run until the shortest path is found—generally a symbolic model checker would be much better at finding shortest paths (in fact it’s guaranteed to find the shortest).
## Dining Philosophers Experiment (2)
**35**0.135555
- 0.2810.0631.19
- 69.80.223555
- Combined (NuSMV) average median max
**46.3**3.07550
- 4.992.1219.4
- 87.55.15550
- NuSMV average median max
**2.56**0.13534.9
- 0.2810.0631.19
- 4.830.22334.9
- Combined (SPIN) average median max
**19.5**0.49236
- 340.741236
- 4.990.4729.9
- SPIN average median max
- 0.8060.1356.83
- 0.2810.0631.19
- 1.330.2236.83
- Lurch average median max
- Overall
- No Loop
- Normal
- In both cases, the combinedstrategy (Lurch + SPIN orLurch + NuSMV) saves time.
- Time (seconds) to find shortest pathplotted; combined = Lurch for 5 sec.,then SPIN if no property violationsfound by Lurch.
**Notes:**
Lurch alone is actually the fastest for this experiment, but it’s important to remember that we sacrifice completeness if no model checker is used. It’s only the bottom four rows that are complete techniques.
Note that results for the combined strategies are skewed by very high outliers; for example, for the largest of the normal instances of the problem (with the loop), Lurch would be cut off at 5 seconds, just before finding the deadlock at 6.83; then either SPIN would run an additional 29.9 seconds or NuSMV an additional 550 seconds.
Because of this we’re working on a better stopping criteria (not just the arbitrary 5 second time limit) based on approximate global state coverage measures.
## Lurch Input Models: C Code + Finite-State Machines
- Lurch transitions may refer to arbitrary C code.
- For example, we could use a C variable for the turn variable in our producer-consumer model:
- enum {P,C} turn = P;
- %%
- pr_wait; (turn==P); -; produce;produce; -; {turn=C;}; pr_wait;
- cs_wait; (turn==C); -; consume;
- consume; -; {turn=P;}; cs_wait;
- Parenthesis and brackets within transitions markreferences to C expressions and statements.
- %% separates C
- and finite-state
- machines.
- Each finite-statemachine is alist of transitions.
**Notes:**
All of the models in experiments above use C in the input models:
The flight guidance system model, for macros defined in the RSML specification language not easily represented as finite-state machines.
The leader election protocol, to represent various features of SPIN’s input language promela, including bounded message channels (abstract models of transmission medium).
The dining philosophers models, to make modeling easier and more concise.
## RA-RRE Model
- Work with John Powell (NASA JPL).
- Resource arbitration (RA) system on board a robotic remote exploration (RRE) vehicle
- User processes make requests for RRE resources through a message queue.
- User processes run concurrently with an arbiter process, which responds to requests in the queue.
- Arbiter will Grant, Deny, Pend, Rescind or Deny and Rescind a resource request.
- Abiter filters out nonsense messages and ignores them.
## RA-RRE Model (2)
- Large Stateflow® model:
- C code embedded inside states to represent complex internal system behaviors.
- JPL’s HiVy translator used to generate Promela (SPIN’s input language) with embedded C code.
- Translated from Stateflow® to Lurch with C code references in transitions.
- While it can be very difficult to correctly use Promela’s C code embedding features, Powell reports that it was not difficult to use C code in Lurch models, even after just 15 hours of informal training.
- Lurch results matched SPIN’s, finding deadlocks in six different versions of the model.
- Different versions created by running HiVy translator with or without various optimizations, and running models with minor fixes put into the code.
## RA-RRE Model (3)
- Easily instrumented to provide visibility into embedded C code errors. This led to discovery of error relating to fundamental system specification conflicts.
- Masked errors in embedded C code as syntactic / semantic problems embedding C into Promela.
- Diagnosis of Error Causes
- Easily accomplished with minimal training.
- Steep learning curve.
- Embedded C Code
- Found multiple variations on deadlock over properties.
- Model too large to verify properties.
- Finding Errors—Property Violation
- Found Deadlock
- Found Deadlock
- Finding Errors—Deadlock
- Lurch
- SPIN
- Powell’s conclusion: compared to SPIN, Lurch easy to use for models with embedded C code; Lurch found same errors consistently.
## Lurch Implementation
- step(Q, state)
- while (Q not empty)
- tr := pop(Q)
- exec_outputs(tr, state)
- for (tr' in same machine as tr)
- del(Q, tr')
- check(state)
- fault_check(state)
- deadlock_check(state)
- cycle_check(state)
- search(iterations, depth)
- for (i in iterations)
- for (m in machines) state[m] = 0
- for (d in depth)
- for (tr in transitions)
- if (check_inputs(tr))
- random_push(Q, tr)
- step(Q, state)
- check(state)
- Lurch’s partial, random search procedure:
*Partial*: there is no guarantee that all behavior will be explored.
*Random*: the choice of which behavior to explore is nondeterministic.
- The basic search procedure repeated each time tick.
- Each iteration explores one global state path through the behavior of the system. A path is divided into “time ticks.” At each time tick a state vector (with a value for each machine) is updated.
**Notes:**
At each time tick, all of the transitions whose inputs are satisfied are put into a queue, in random order.
The order they end up in the queue determines which will be executed: only one transition from each machine can be executed—it’s whichever is popped first.
## Lurch Implementation (2)
- The *step *function is called at each time tick along a global state path.
- Input is a queue of transitions whose inputs are satisfied, along with the state vector.
- Transitions are popped from the queue, and their outputs are executed.
- The effect of transitions executed is stored in the state vector.
- Only one transition from each machine can be executed at each time step; others are discarded from the queue.
## With the step function as-is (as described in the previous slide), Lurch simulates synchronous execution of finite-state machines: at each time step, every machine is given a chance to move forward.
If the step function is modified so that only one transition (one out of all the machines) is executed at each time step, Lurch simulates asynchronous execution of the system: all interleavings of machine behaviors are considered.
- If the step function is modified so that only one transition (one out of all the machines) is executed at each time step, Lurch simulates asynchronous execution of the system: all interleavings of machine behaviors are considered.
- asynchronous
- synchronous
**Lurch Implementation (3)**
- state = < 1, 1, 1 >
- state = < 0, 0, 0 >
- state = < 1, 1, 1 >
- state = < 1, 1, 0 >
- state = < 1, 0, 0 >
- state = < 0, 0, 0 >
**Notes:**
n: transitions are synchronous mode even when everything else is asynchronous.
## Lurch Implementation (4)
- At each time tick along a path Lurch checks for local-state faults, deadlocks and cycles.
- Local state faults can be found directly from the state vector—if one of the machines is in a state corresponding to a fault, Lurch reports that the fault was reached.
- A deadlock occurs when Lurch reaches the end of a global state path (a state for which no new transition’s inputs are satisfied) but not all machines are in a state identified as a legal end state.
- Deadlocks are found by looping through the state vector to make sure all local states are legal end states (this is done only when Lurch is at the end of a global state path).
## Other Applications for Lurch’s Random Simulation
- Game playing experiments: *n*-queens, tic-tac-toe
- Lurch is really a fast generator of consistent temporal sequences—so what else can we use it for?
- If we generate a score for each temporal sequence, we can use a machine learner to suggest what makes some sequences better than others.
- Lurch + Machine Learning = “Lean,” a randomized heuristic search tool for finite-state models (with optional C code).
## Lean: Combining “Test” and “Task”
- Traditional view: specialized devices for different tasks.
- Diagnosis, configuration, testing...
- Alternative: one environment where “test” and “task” are implemented together:
- Write down what is known about a domain.
- Add an oracle to score a single run (i.e., score the temporal sequences generated by Lurch).
- Instead of different devices for “test” and “task”
- “Lean” = Lurch + learn
- Run Lurch on sample space of options.
- Learn—apply machine learning to find “nudges,” which are suggestions for which transitions lead to runs with higher scores.
- Apply “nudges” in the form of transition probabilities, and run Lurch again, expecting better scores.
## Chemical Factory (Lean)
- Work with Tom Burkleau, Portland State University.
- Finite-state machine model of commercial vodka distillery plant.
- Multiple machines representing the space of options, the model of the production facility, and the relation between production parts.
- Nominal Model (composite)
- Faulty Model (composite)
## Optimizing Nominal Model
- After 7 scored runs of Lurch, plusmachine learning to find “nudges”:
## 26 repeats of <LURCH,learn>
Change learning classes:
Class1: fixed
Class2: movable
Learn selectors for class2
Negate them (removes the bug)
1 more repeat of <LURCH,learn>
Question: is this simulation or optimization or parameter tuning or fault localization or diagnosis or configuration?
Answer: all of the above
- Change learning classes:
- Class1: fixed
- Class2: movable
- Learn selectors for class2
- Negate them (removes the bug)
- 1 more repeat of <LURCH,learn>
- Question: is this simulation or optimizationor parameter tuning or fault localization ordiagnosis or configuration?
- Answer: all of the above
**Optimizing Faulty Model**
- Gone!
- Fixed, refuses to budge
## Conclusion
- Combination and model checking of random simulation (Lurch) (SPIN or NuSMV) can be faster and more efficient than model checking alone, without sacrificing completeness.
- FGS (Heimdahl, Gao at UMN), leader election protocol, dining philosophers experiments.
- Lurch allows (easy-to-use) references to arbitrary C code.
- RA-RRE model experiments (Powell at JPL).
- Lurch uses a simple random search procedure, plus early stopping heuristics and modifications for asynchronous models, hierarchical models, etc.
- Lean = Lurch + machine learning.
- Chemical factory optimization experiment (Burkleau at PSU).
**Notes:**
Future work: improve early stopping heuristics for combination strategy (don’t just stop at arbtrary 5 seconds...)
Currently stopping is based on number of new vs. redundant global states found (as percentage decreases, search “saturates”);
New idea: use global transition (not global state) saturation
Also, try to use Lean as a guided random simulation tool, and see how that compares with the current Lurch, model checkers, and
the various approximate model checking tools / applications out there. | en |
markdown | 175545 | # Presentation: 175545
## Neutralino Dark Matter in the GUT-less CMSSM
- Pearl Sandick
- University of Minnesota
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## First Glimpse of Dark Matter
- 1933: Fritz Zwicky
- Used Doppler shift to measure the
- peculiar velocities of galaxies at the edge of the Coma Cluster
- Assuming virial equilibrium, found that most of the mass of the cluster must not be visible
- Analysis has been repeated many times:
- Different clusters, same (qualitative) result!
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Rotation Curves
- Newtonian Mechanics:
- So outside of the luminous disk, expect
- Instead, observe
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Orbital velocity of stars/gas in galaxy
Most robust evidence for dark matter
Vera Rubin?
## State of the Art
- X-ray measurements (Chandra)
- [weak] gravitational lensing
- Bullet Cluster
- WMAP
- Clowe *et al.* (2006)
- NASA/WMAP Science Team
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Bullet Cluster: stars (visible) mostly passed right through in collision (slowed), hot gas (red, seen in x-rays by Chandra) slows more substantially because it interacts both gravitationally and electromagnetically, dark matter (blue, inferred from lensing of background objects) is less perturbed than hot gas because it only interacts gravitationally
## What could it be?
- Candidates include:
- neutrinos, axions, KK excitations, Q-balls, gravitinos, neutralinos, axinos, Chaplygin gas, primordial black holes, branons, mirror matter, WIMPzillas...
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Neutrinos: oscillations -> have mass
Axions: solve Strong CP Problem (Why does QCD not break CP?)
KK: viable DM candidate in models with UEDs, KK thoeries unify gravitation and electromagnetism.
Q-ball: non-topological (stable, gauranteed by charge conservation) soliton (local field configuration) that arises in SUSY field theories
Chaplygin gas: unifies dark matter and dark energy
Primordial black holes: can’t explain all of dark matter (ostriker), produced during reheating or from primordial density perturbations
Branons: come from extra dimensions
Mirror Matter: restores parity to universe (violated by weak interaction)
WIMPzillas: might be created at the end of inflation
## What makes a good DM candidate?
- Stable, Neutral
- From WMAP *et al.* DMh2 0.1
- and
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Charged dark matter would for bound states with normal matter – strong bounds from heavy isotope abundances
10^(-36) cm^2 = picobarn (typical weak interaction cross section)
Check assumptions for 2nd formula (nonrelativistic?)
## Why study SUSY?
- Haag, Lopuszanski and Sohnius (1975):
- Supersymmetry is the only graded Lie algebra that generates symmetries of the S-matrix consistent with relativistic quantum field theory.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
HLS theorem is extension to Coleman-Mandula theorem (“loophole”)
Poincare symmetry is full symmetry of a relativistic quantum field theory (product of Lorentz transformations with translations)
Internal symmetries are any symmetries of the theory not involving spacetime (color transformations of quarks, isospin, ...)
## Why study SUSY?
- Classical Higgs Potential: V = mH2 ||2 + ||4
- SM requires <> 0, so
- <> = (-mH2 / 2 )1/2 174 GeV
- -mH2 (100 GeV)2
- But mH2 gets quantum corrections from particles that interact with the Higgs field!
**Why study SUSY?**
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
In the susy case, corrections go like abs{mstop^2-mtop^2} times log cutoff (see Keith or Hitoshi)
in order to give gauge bosons mass, need higgs field
2 aspects to hierarchy problem: why scales different and how to keep them different
## Why study SUSY?
- Unification of the Gauge Couplings
- Near miss!
- Running (*b*’s) depends only on particle content of the model.
**SM**
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## SUSY Algebra
- Field theory definition: SUSY generators transform under the spinor representations. SUSY algebra describes bosons (commute) and fermions (anticommute) with one algebra: {Q,Qbar} = blah
- This means that each SM particle has a partner with the same quantum numbers (except boson/fermion) that we haven’t seen yet!
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Particle Zoo
- MSSM:
- Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
- Has the *minimal particle content* possible
- in a SUSY theory.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Particle Zoo
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Another reason to study SUSY:
- Neutralinos are an excellent dark matter candidate!
- The lightest one may be a stable WIMP with h2 DMh2
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Another reason to study SUSY:
- Neutralinos are an excellent dark matter candidate!
- The lightest one may be a stable WIMP with h2 DMh2
- Note: Properties of neutralino LSP will depend on its composition!
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## SUSY Breaking
- Explicitly add [soft] SUSY-breaking terms to the theory
- Masses for all gauginos and scalars
- Couplings for scalar-scalar and scalar-scalar-scalar interactions
- CMSSM (similar to mSUGRA)
- Assume universality of soft SUSY-breaking parameters at MGUT
- Free Parameters: m0, m1/2, A0, tan(), sign()
- Don’t observe boson-fermion degeneracy, so SUSY must be broken (How?)
- Most general case (MSSM) has > 100 new parameters!
- Make some assumptions about SUSY breaking at a high scale, and evolve mass parameters down to low scale for observables
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Virtues of CMSSM: easy to calculate! Generic features can be understood...
Add a slide here about difference between CMSSM and mSUGRA?
## Neutralino Relic Density
- 1. Assume neutralinos were once in thermal equilibrium
- Solve the Boltzmann rate equation to find abundance now
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Omega = nm/rhocrit
What is “t” in Boltzmann eq.?
## Be Careful!
- Situations when care must be taken to properly calculate (approximate) the relic density:
- 1. s - channel poles
- 2 m mA
- 2. Coannihilations
- m mother sparticle
- 3. Thresholds
- 2 m final state mass
- Griest and Seckel (1991)
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Add better pictures?
## Constraints
- mh > 114 GeV
- m± > 104 GeV
- BR(b s ) HFAG
- BR(Bs +--) CDF
- (g -- 2)/2 g-2 collab.
- LEP
- 0.09 h2 0.12
- Apply constraints from colliders and cosmology:
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## CMSSM
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Relic density restricts mo and m1/2 to thin strips of parameter space for any value of tan beta (conclusion)
## CMSSM
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## tan()
- CMSSM with >0 and A0=0
- 0.094 < h2 < 0.129
- tan() = 5,10,15,20,25,30,
- 35,40,45,50,55
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Shaded region is compatible with g-2 at 2 sigma
Note: focus point region not shown
Add ref!
## CMSSM Summary
- (If DM consists mainly of neutralinos), the constraint on the relic density of neutralinos restricts m1/2 and m0 to thin strips of parameter space.
- tan() provides leverage.
- Most of parameter space is not compatible with measured DM density.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## GUT-less CMSSM
- What if SUSY breaking appears below the GUT scale?
- Should the soft breaking parameters be universal *below* the SUSY GUT scale?
- Mixed modulus-anomaly mediated SUSY breaking with KKLT type moduli stabilization (mirage mediation models), warped extra dimensions, ...
- SUSY broken in a hidden sector (communication to observable sector?)
- Add new parameter!
- Scale of universality of the soft breaking parameters: Min
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Sparticle Mass Evolution
- First look at gaugino and scalar mass evolution.
- _Gauginos (1-Loop):_
- Running of gauge couplings identical to CMSSM case, so low scale gaugino masses are all closer to m1/2 as Min is lowered.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Sparticle Mass Evolution
- First look at gaugino and scalar mass evolution.
- _Scalars (1-Loop):_
- As Min low scale Q, expect low scale scalar masses to be closer to m0.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Sparticle Mass (parameter) Evolution
- Higgs mass parameter, (tree level):
- As Min low scale Q, expect low scale scalar masses to be closer to m0.
- ___2__ becomes generically smaller as M__in__ is lowered_.
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Mass Evolution with Min
- m1/2 = 800 GeV
- m0= 1000 GeV
- A0 = 0
- tan() = 10
- > 0
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Neutralinos and Charginos
- Must properly include coannihilations involving all three lightest neutralinos!
- m1/2 = 800 GeV
- m0= 1000 GeV
- A0 = 0
- tan() = 10
- > 0
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Is (800,1000) right?
## Lowering Min
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Lowering Min – large tan()
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Non-zero Trilinear Couplings
- A0 > 0 larger weak-scale trilinear couplings, Ai
- Large loop corrections to depend on Ai, so is generically larger over the plane than when A0 = 0.
- Also see stop-LSP excluded region
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Direct Detection
- Effective 4-fermion lagrangian for neutralino-nucleon scattering (velocity-independent pieces):
- If neutralinos are DM, they are present locally, so will occasionally bump into a nucleus.
- spin dependent
- spin independent
- (scalar)
- Fraction of nucleus participates
- Important for capture & annihilation rates in the sun
- Whole nucleus participates
- Best prospects for direct detection
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Assume pi-nucleon Sigma term is 64 MeV
## Neutralino-Nucleon Scattering
- tan = 10, Min = MGUT
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Green is fail relaxed Higgs constraint (but pass chargino mass)
Xenon10 is 3 *10^-8 at about 30 GeV
## Neutralino-Nucleon Scattering
- tan = 10, Min = 1012 GeV
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
## Neutralino-Nucleon Scattering
- tan = 50, Min = MGUT
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Green is fail relaxed Higgs constraint (but pass chargino mass)
Xenon10 is 3 *10^-8 at about 30 GeV
## Neutralino-Nucleon Scattering
- tan = 50, Min = 1014 GeV
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Green is fail relaxed Higgs constraint (but pass chargino mass)
Xenon10 is 3 *10^-8 at about 30 GeV
## Summary/Conclusions
- Relaxed the standard CMSSM assumption of universality of soft breaking parameters at the GUT scale
- Examined the impact of lower Min on the constraints from colliders and cosmology
- Specific attention to consequences for neutralino dark matter
- In GUT-less CMSSM, constraint on dark matter abundance changes dramatically with Min
- Below critical Min, neutralinos can not account for the measured relic density!
- Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Seminar
- September 17, 2007
**Notes:**
Consequences for neutralino dark matter: allowed regions of parameter space as well as direct detection prospects | en |
converted_docs | 278266 | <table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><h1 id="solicitationcontractorder-for-commercial-items">SOLICITATION/CONTRACT/ORDER FOR COMMERCIAL ITEMS</h1>
<h2 id="offeror-to-complete-blocks-12-17-23-24-30">Offeror to Complete Blocks 12, 17, 23, 24, & 30</h2></th>
<th>1. Requisition Number</th>
<th>PAGE 1 OF</th>
<th>26</th>
<th></th>
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<tbody>
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<td>81578</td>
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<td></td>
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<td>2. Contract No.</td>
<td>3. Award/Effective Date</td>
<td>4. Order Number</td>
<td>5. Solicitation Number</td>
<td>6. Solicitation Issue Date</td>
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<td>DE-RQ-65-09-WJ-81578</td>
<td>1/30/2009</td>
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</tr>
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<td>7. For Solicitation Information Call:</td>
<td>a. Name EILEEN RAY FAX: 970-240-6314</td>
<td>b. Telephone Number <em>(No collect calls)</em></td>
<td>8. Offer Due Date/Local Time</td>
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<td>ERAY@WAPA.GOV</td>
<td>970-240-6275</td>
<td>2/5/2009 / 04:00 PM MDST</td>
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<td>9. Issued By</td>
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<td>10. This Acquisition is</td>
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</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>U.S. DEPT OF ENERGYWESTERN AREA POWER ADMIN1800 S RIO GRANDE AVENUEMONTROSE, CO 81401</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Unrestricted</td>
<td></td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Set-Aside 100 % for</td>
<td></td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Small Business</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>See Schedule</td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Emerging Small Business</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>HUBZone Small Business</td>
<td></td>
<td>13a. This contract is a rated order under DPAS (15 CFR 700)</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8(a)</td>
<td>13b. Rating </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>NAICS:</td>
<td><span class="underline">335931</span></td>
<td>14. Method of Solicitation</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Size Standard:</td>
<td><span class="underline">500 Employees</span></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>RFQ</td>
<td></td>
<td>IFB</td>
<td></td>
<td>RFP</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15. Deliver To</td>
<td>Code </td>
<td>16. Administered By</td>
<td>Code </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>U.S. DEPT OF ENERGY</p>
<p>WESTERN AREA POWER ADMIN</p>
<p>1800 S RIO GRANDE AVENUE</p>
<p>MONTROSE, CO 81401</p></td>
<td><p>U.S. DEPT OF ENERGYWESTERN AREA POWER ADMIN1800 S RIO GRANDE AVENUEMONTROSE, CO 81401</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>17a. Contractor/Offeror</td>
<td>Code Facility Code </td>
<td>18a. Payment Will Be Made By</td>
<td>Code </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION</p>
<p>ACCTS PAYABLE - A8210</p>
<p>PO BOX 281111</p>
<p>LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-81111</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Telephone No.</td>
<td>DUNS:</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>17b. Check if Remittance is Different and Put Such Address in Offer.</td>
<td>18b. Submit Invoices to Address Shown in Block 18a Unless Box Below is Checked.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>See Addendum.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>19.</p>
<p>ITEM NO.</p></td>
<td><p>20.</p>
<p>SCHEDULE OF SUPPLIES/SERVICES</p></td>
<td><p>21.</p>
<p>QUANTITY</p></td>
<td><p>22.</p>
<p>UNIT</p></td>
<td><p>23.</p>
<p>UNIT PRICE</p></td>
<td><p>24.</p>
<p>AMOUNT</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>25. Accounting and Appropriation Data</th>
<th> </th>
<th>26. Total Award Amount <em>(For Govt. Use Only)</em></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>27a. Solicitation incorporates by reference FAR 52.212-1, 52.212-4. FAR 52.212-3 and 52.212-5 are attached. Addenda</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>are</td>
<td></td>
<td>are not attached</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>27b. Contract/Purchase Order incorporates by reference FAR 52.212-4. 52.212-5 is attached. Addenda</td>
<td></td>
<td>are</td>
<td></td>
<td>are not attached</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>28. Contractor is required to sign this document and return</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>copies to</td>
<td></td>
<td>29. Award of Contract: Reference:</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Offer</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>Issuing Office. Contractor agrees to furnish and deliver all items set forth or otherwise identified above and on any additional sheets subject to the terms and conditions specified herein.</td>
<td></td>
<td>Dated</td>
<td> </td>
<td>. Your offer on Solicitation (Block 5), including</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>any additions or changes which are set forth herein, is accepted as to items:</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>30a. Signature of Offeror/Contractor</td>
<td>31a. United States of America <em>(Signature of Contracting Officer)</em></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>30b. Name and Title of Signer <em>(Type or Print)</em></p>
<p> </p></td>
<td><p>30c. Date Signed</p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>31b. Name of Contracting Officer <em>(Type or Print)</em></td>
<td>31c. Date Signed</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td> </td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>32a. Quantity in Column 21 Has Been</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Received</td>
<td></td>
<td>Inspected</td>
<td></td>
<td>Accepted, and Conforms to the Contract, Except as Noted: ________________________</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>32b. Signature of Authorized Government Representative</td>
<td>32c. Date</td>
<td>32d. Printed Name and Title of Authorized Government Representative</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>32e. Mailing Address of Authorized Government Representative</td>
<td>32f. Telephone Number of Authorized Government Representative</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>32g. E-mail of Authorized Government Representative</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>33. Ship Number</td>
<td>34. Voucher Number</td>
<td>35. Amount Verified Correct For</td>
<td>36. Payment</td>
<td>37. Check Number</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Complete</td>
<td></td>
<td>Partial</td>
<td></td>
<td>Final</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>Partial</td>
<td></td>
<td>Final</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>38. S/R Account Number</td>
<td>39. S/R Voucher Number</td>
<td>40. Paid By</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>41a. I certify this account is correct and proper for payment</td>
<td>42a. Received By (Print)</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>41b. Signature and Title of Certifying Officer</td>
<td>41c. Date</td>
<td>42b. Received At (Location)</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>42c. Date Rec'd (YY/MM/DD)</td>
<td>42d. Total Containers</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>STANDARD FORM 1449 (REV 3/2005)</strong></p>
<p>Prescribed by GSA - FAR (48 CFR) 53.212</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**1. Continuation of SF 1449, Blocks 19-24.**
**SCHEDULE OF SUPPLIES/SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS**
**Item No.** **Description** **Est. Quantity** **Unit** **Unit Price** **Amount**
-------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------- ---------- ---- --------------------- ---- ---------------------
0001 **350kcmil, Direct Buried Power Cable, 1000 ft reels per attached specification.** 9000 FT \$ [ ]{.underline} \$ [ ]{.underline}
1. **2.212-4 Contract Terms and Conditions---Commercial Items
(Oct 2008)**
\(a\) ***Inspection/Acceptance***. The Contractor shall only tender for
acceptance those items that conform to the requirements of this
contract. The Government reserves the right to inspect or test any
supplies or services that have been tendered for acceptance. The
Government may require repair or replacement of nonconforming supplies
or reperformance of nonconforming services at no increase in contract
price. If repair/replacement or reperformance will not correct the
defects or is not possible, the Government may seek an equitable price
reduction or adequate consideration for acceptance of nonconforming
supplies or services. The Government must exercise its post-acceptance
rights---
\(1\) Within a reasonable time after the defect was discovered or should
have been discovered; and
\(2\) Before any substantial change occurs in the condition of the item,
unless the change is due to the defect in the item.
\(b\) ***Assignment***. The Contractor or its assignee may assign its
rights to receive payment due as a result of performance of this
contract to a bank, trust company, or other financing institution,
including any Federal lending agency in accordance with the Assignment
of Claims Act
([31 U.S.C. 3727](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
However, when a third party makes payment (*e.g., *use of the
Governmentwide commercial purchase card), the Contractor may not assign
its rights to receive payment under this contract.
\(c\) ***Changes***. Changes in the terms and conditions of this
contract may be made only by written agreement of the parties.
\(d\) ***Disputes***. This contract is subject to the Contract Disputes
Act of 1978, as amended
([41 U.S.C. 601-613](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
Failure of the parties to this contract to reach agreement on any
request for equitable adjustment, claim, appeal or action arising under
or relating to this contract shall be a dispute to be resolved in
accordance with the clause at
FAR [52.233-1](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_233_240.html#wp1113304),
Disputes, which is incorporated herein by reference. The Contractor
shall proceed diligently with performance of this contract, pending
final resolution of any dispute arising under the contract.
\(e\) ***Definitions***. The clause at
FAR [52.202-1](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_200_206.html#wp1137572),
Definitions, is incorporated herein by reference.
\(f\) ***Excusable delays***. The Contractor shall be liable for default
unless nonperformance is caused by an occurrence beyond the reasonable
control of the Contractor and without its fault or negligence such as,
acts of God or the public enemy, acts of the Government in either its
sovereign or contractual capacity, fires, floods, epidemics, quarantine
restrictions, strikes, unusually severe weather, and delays of common
carriers. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer in writing
as soon as it is reasonably possible after the commencement of any
excusable delay, setting forth the full particulars in connection
therewith, shall remedy such occurrence with all reasonable dispatch,
and shall promptly give written notice to the Contracting Officer of the
cessation of such occurrence.
\(g\) ***Invoice***.
\(1\) The Contractor shall submit an original invoice and three copies
(or electronic invoice, if authorized) to the address designated in the
contract to receive invoices. An invoice must include---
\(i\) Name and address of the Contractor;
\(ii\) Invoice date and number;
\(iii\) Contract number, contract line item number and, if applicable,
the order number;
\(iv\) Description, quantity, unit of measure, unit price and extended
price of the items delivered;
\(v\) Shipping number and date of shipment, including the bill of lading
number and weight of shipment if shipped on Government bill of lading;
\(vi\) Terms of any discount for prompt payment offered;
\(vii\) Name and address of official to whom payment is to be sent;
\(viii\) Name, title, and phone number of person to notify in event of
defective invoice; and
\(ix\) Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). The Contractor shall
include its TIN on the invoice only if required elsewhere in this
contract.
\(x\) Electronic funds transfer (EFT) banking information.
\(A\) The Contractor shall include EFT banking information on the
invoice only if required elsewhere in this contract.
\(B\) If EFT banking information is not required to be on the invoice,
in order for the invoice to be a proper invoice, the Contractor shall
have submitted correct EFT banking information in accordance with the
applicable solicitation provision, contract clause
(*e.g., *[52.232-33](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153351),
Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer---Central Contractor Registration,
or
[52.232-34](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153375),
Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer---Other Than Central Contractor
Registration), or applicable agency procedures.
\(C\) EFT banking information is not required if the Government waived
the requirement to pay by EFT.
\(2\) Invoices will be handled in accordance with the Prompt Payment Act
([31 U.S.C. 3903](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20))
and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prompt payment regulations at
5 CFR Part 1315.
\(h\) ***Patent indemnity***. The Contractor shall indemnify the
Government and its officers, employees and agents against liability,
including costs, for actual or alleged direct or contributory
infringement of, or inducement to infringe, any United States or foreign
patent, trademark or copyright, arising out of the performance of this
contract, provided the Contractor is reasonably notified of such claims
and proceedings.
\(i\) ***Payment***.---
\(1\) *Items accepted*. Payment shall be made for items accepted by the
Government that have been delivered to the delivery destinations set
forth in this contract.
\(2\) *Prompt payment*. The Government will make payment in accordance
with the Prompt Payment Act
([31 U.S.C. 3903](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20))
and prompt payment regulations at 5 CFR Part 1315.
\(3\) *Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)*. If the Government makes payment
by EFT, see
[52.212-5](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_212_213.html#wp1179527)(b)
for the appropriate EFT clause.
\(4\) *Discount*. In connection with any discount offered for early
payment, time shall be computed from the date of the invoice. For the
purpose of computing the discount earned, payment shall be considered to
have been made on the date which appears on the payment check or the
specified payment date if an electronic funds transfer payment is made.
\(5\) *Overpayments*. If the Contractor becomes aware of a duplicate
contract financing or invoice payment or that the Government has
otherwise overpaid on a contract financing or invoice payment, the
Contractor shall*---*
\(i\) Remit the overpayment amount to the payment office cited in the
contract along with a description of the overpayment including the*---*
\(A\) Circumstances of the overpayment (*e.g.*, duplicate payment,
erroneous payment, liquidation errors, date(s) of overpayment);
\(B\) Affected contract number and delivery order number, if applicable;
\(C\) Affected contract line item or subline item, if applicable; and
\(D\) Contractor point of contact.
\(ii\) Provide a copy of the remittance and supporting documentation to
the Contracting Officer.
\(6\) *Interest*.
\(i\) All amounts that become payable by the Contractor to the
Government under this contract shall bear simple interest from the date
due until paid unless paid within 30 days of becoming due. The interest
rate shall be the interest rate established by the Secretary of the
Treasury as provided in Section 611 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978
(Public Law 95-563), which is applicable to the period in which the
amount becomes due, as provided in (i)(6)(v) of this clause, and then at
the rate applicable for each six-month period as fixed by the Secretary
until the amount is paid.
\(ii\) The Government may issue a demand for payment to the Contractor
upon finding a debt is due under the contract.
\(iii\) *Final decisions*. The Contracting Officer will issue a final
decision as required by
[33.211](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2033_2.html#wp1079912)
if---
\(A\) The Contracting Officer and the Contractor are unable to reach
agreement on the existence or amount of a debt within 30 days;
\(B\) The Contractor fails to liquidate a debt previously demanded by
the Contracting Officer within the timeline specified in the demand for
payment unless the amounts were not repaid because the Contractor has
requested an installment payment agreement; or
\(C\) The Contractor requests a deferment of collection on a debt
previously demanded by the Contracting Officer (see
[32.607-2](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2032_6.html#wp1031290)).
\(iv\) If a demand for payment was previously issued for the debt, the
demand for payment included in the final decision shall identify the
same due date as the original demand for payment.
\(v\) Amounts shall be due at the earliest of the following dates:
\(A\) The date fixed under this contract.
\(B\) The date of the first written demand for payment, including any
demand for payment resulting from a default termination.
\(vi\) The interest charge shall be computed for the actual number of
calendar days involved beginning on the due date and ending on---
\(A\) The date on which the designated office receives payment from the
Contractor;
\(B\) The date of issuance of a Government check to the Contractor from
which an amount otherwise payable has been withheld as a credit against
the contract debt; or
\(C\) The date on which an amount withheld and applied to the contract
debt would otherwise have become payable to the Contractor.
\(vii\) The interest charge made under this clause may be reduced under
the procedures prescribed in
[32.608-2](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2032_6.html#wp1031326)
of the Federal Acquisition Regulation in effect on the date of this
contract.
\(j\) ***Risk of loss***. Unless the contract specifically provides
otherwise, risk of loss or damage to the supplies provided under this
contract shall remain with the Contractor until, and shall pass to the
Government upon:
\(1\) Delivery of the supplies to a carrier, if transportation is f.o.b.
origin; or
\(2\) Delivery of the supplies to the Government at the destination
specified in the contract, if transportation is f.o.b. destination.
\(k\) ***Taxes***. The contract price includes all applicable Federal,
State, and local taxes and duties.
\(l\) ***Termination for the Government's convenience***. The Government
reserves the right to terminate this contract, or any part hereof, for
its sole convenience. In the event of such termination, the Contractor
shall immediately stop all work hereunder and shall immediately cause
any and all of its suppliers and subcontractors to cease work. Subject
to the terms of this contract, the Contractor shall be paid a percentage
of the contract price reflecting the percentage of the work performed
prior to the notice of termination, plus reasonable charges the
Contractor can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Government using
its standard record keeping system, have resulted from the termination.
The Contractor shall not be required to comply with the cost accounting
standards or contract cost principles for this purpose. This paragraph
does not give the Government any right to audit the Contractor's
records. The Contractor shall not be paid for any work performed or
costs incurred which reasonably could have been avoided.
\(m\) ***Termination for cause***. The Government may terminate this
contract, or any part hereof, for cause in the event of any default by
the Contractor, or if the Contractor fails to comply with any contract
terms and conditions, or fails to provide the Government, upon request,
with adequate assurances of future performance. In the event of
termination for cause, the Government shall not be liable to the
Contractor for any amount for supplies or services not accepted, and the
Contractor shall be liable to the Government for any and all rights and
remedies provided by law. If it is determined that the Government
improperly terminated this contract for default, such termination shall
be deemed a termination for convenience.
\(n\) ***Title***. Unless specified elsewhere in this contract, title to
items furnished under this contract shall pass to the Government upon
acceptance, regardless of when or where the Government takes physical
possession.
\(o\) ***Warranty***. The Contractor warrants and implies that the items
delivered hereunder are merchantable and fit for use for the particular
purpose described in this contract.
\(p\) ***Limitation of liability***. Except as otherwise provided by an
express warranty, the Contractor will not be liable to the Government
for consequential damages resulting from any defect or deficiencies in
accepted items.
\(q\) ***Other compliances***. The Contractor shall comply with all
applicable Federal, State and local laws, executive orders, rules and
regulations applicable to its performance under this contract.
\(r\) ***Compliance with laws unique to Government contracts**.* The
Contractor agrees to comply with
[31 U.S.C. 1352](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
relating to limitations on the use of appropriated funds to influence
certain Federal contracts;
[18 U.S.C. 431](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+160+141++%2818%29%20%25)
relating to officials not to benefit;
[40 U.S.C. 3701](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+1574+51++%2840%29%20%20AND%20%28%2840%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*., Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act;
[41 U.S.C. 51-58](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
Anti-Kickback Act of 1986;
[41 U.S.C. 265](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[10 U.S.C. 2409](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)
relating to whistleblower protections;
[49 U.S.C. 40118](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t49t50+2+224++%2849%29%20%20AND%20%28%2849%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
Fly American; and
[41 U.S.C. 423](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
relating to procurement integrity.
\(s\) ***Order of precedence***. Any inconsistencies in this
solicitation or contract shall be resolved by giving precedence in the
following order:
\(1\) The schedule of supplies/services.
\(2\) The Assignments, Disputes, Payments, Invoice, Other Compliances,
and Compliance with Laws Unique to Government Contracts paragraphs of
this clause.
\(3\) The clause at
[52.212-5](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_212_213.html#wp1179527).
\(4\) Addenda to this solicitation or contract, including any license
agreements for computer software.
\(5\) Solicitation provisions if this is a solicitation.
\(6\) Other paragraphs of this clause.
\(7\) The [Standard
Form 1449](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FormsStandard68.html#wp1186059).
\(8\) Other documents, exhibits, and attachments.
\(9\) The specification.
\(t\) ***Central Contractor Registration (CCR)***.
\(1\) Unless exempted by an addendum to this contract, the Contractor is
responsible during performance and through final payment of any contract
for the accuracy and completeness of the data within the CCR database,
and for any liability resulting from the Government's reliance on
inaccurate or incomplete data. To remain registered in the CCR database
after the initial registration, the Contractor is required to review and
update on an annual basis from the date of initial registration or
subsequent updates its information in the CCR database to ensure it is
current, accurate and complete. Updating information in the CCR does not
alter the terms and conditions of this contract and is not a substitute
for a properly executed contractual document.
(2)(i) If a Contractor has legally changed its business name, "doing
business as" name, or division name (whichever is shown on the
contract), or has transferred the assets used in performing the
contract, but has not completed the necessary requirements regarding
novation and change-of-name agreements in
FAR [Subpart 42.12](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2042_12.html#wp1084217),
the Contractor shall provide the responsible Contracting Officer a
minimum of one business day's written notification of its intention to
(A) change the name in the CCR database; (B) comply with the
requirements of
[Subpart 42.12](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2042_12.html#wp1084217);
and (C) agree in writing to the timeline and procedures specified by the
responsible Contracting Officer. The Contractor must provide with the
notification sufficient documentation to support the legally changed
name.
\(ii\) If the Contractor fails to comply with the requirements of
paragraph (t)(2)(i) of this clause, or fails to perform the agreement at
paragraph (t)(2)(i)(C) of this clause, and, in the absence of a properly
executed novation or change-of-name agreement, the CCR information that
shows the Contractor to be other than the Contractor indicated in the
contract will be considered to be incorrect information within the
meaning of the "Suspension of Payment" paragraph of the electronic funds
transfer (EFT) clause of this contract.
\(3\) The Contractor shall not change the name or address for EFT
payments or manual payments, as appropriate, in the CCR record to
reflect an assignee for the purpose of assignment of claims (see
[Subpart 32.8](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2032_8.html#wp1029202),
Assignment of Claims). Assignees shall be separately registered in the
CCR database. Information provided to the Contractor's CCR record that
indicates payments, including those made by EFT, to an ultimate
recipient other than that Contractor will be considered to be incorrect
information within the meaning of the "Suspension of payment" paragraph
of the EFT clause of this contract.
\(4\) Offerors and Contractors may obtain information on registration
and annual confirmation requirements via the internet at
<http://www.ccr.gov> or by calling 1-888-227-2423 or 269-961-5757.
(End of clause)
2. **52.247-34 F.O.B. DESTINATION (NOV 1991)**
\(a\) The term "f.o.b. destination," as used in this clause, means---
\(1\) Free of expense to the Government, on board the carrier's
conveyance, at a specified delivery point where the consignee's facility
(plant, warehouse, store, lot, or other location to which shipment can
be made) is located; and
\(2\) Supplies shall be delivered to the destination consignee's wharf
(if destination is a port city and supplies are for export), warehouse
unloading platform, or receiving dock, at the expense of the Contractor.
The Government shall not be liable for any delivery, storage, demurrage,
accessorial, or other charges involved before the actual delivery (or
"constructive placement" as defined in carrier tariffs) of the supplies
to the destination, unless such charges are caused by an act or order of
the Government acting in its contractual capacity. If rail carrier is
used, supplies shall be delivered to the specified unloading platform of
the consignee. If motor carrier (including "piggyback") is used,
supplies shall be delivered to truck tailgate at the unloading platform
of the consignee, except when the supplies delivered meet the
requirements of Item 568 of the National Motor Freight Classification
for "heavy or bulky freight." When supplies meeting the requirements of
the referenced Item 568 are delivered, unloading (including movement to
the tailgate) shall be performed by the consignee, with assistance from
the truck driver, if requested. If the contractor uses rail carrier or
freight forwarded for less than carload shipments, the contractor shall
ensure that the carrier will furnish tailgate delivery, when required,
if transfer to truck is required to complete delivery to consignee.
\(b\) The Contractor shall---
(1)(i) Pack and mark the shipment to comply with contract
specifications; or
\(ii\) In the absence of specifications, prepare the shipment in
conformance with carrier requirements;
\(2\) Prepare and distribute commercial bills of lading;
\(3\) Deliver the shipment in good order and condition to the point of
delivery specified in the contract;
\(4\) Be responsible for any loss of and/or damage to the goods
occurring before receipt of the shipment by the consignee at the
delivery point specified in the contract;
\(5\) Furnish a delivery schedule and designate the mode of delivering
carrier; and
\(6\) Pay and bear all charges to the specified point of delivery.
(End of clause)
3. **WES-D-1003 MINIMUM PACKAGING AND MARKING REQUIREMENTS (WAPA,
JAN 2008)**
a\. All items must be packaged in accordance with good commercial
practices adequate to ensure safe arrival at the delivery address
specified on the order.
b\. As a minimum, the exterior of all packages must be clearly marked
with the purchase order (PO) or contract number, a Western Area Power
Administration contact name and phone number, and a list of the
package\'s contents (i.e., a packing list).
c\. Western reserves the right to return any package(s) not marked in
accordance with this clause to the vendor at the vendor\'s expense.
(End of Clause)
4. **WES-E-1002 DELAYED ACCEPTANCE (WAPA, JAN 2008)**
Acceptance of all work and/or materials under this contract (including
reports, if any) shall be accomplished by the Contracting Officer, or
his or her duly designated representative. The Government requires up to
thirty (30) calendar days from the date of receipt to perform final
acceptance of delivered units.
5. **WES-F-1001 ADVANCE SHIPPING NOTIFICATION REQUIRED (WAPA,
MAR 2008)**
a\. Contract line items (CLINs) 0001 must be delivered on one of the
following weekdays Monday - Friday excluding Government holidays,
between the hours of 7:00 -- 4:30, or at a day and time agreed upon by
the Government representative(s) named below.
b\. The Government representative must receive advance notification of
the intended shipment at least 1 Weeks prior to shipment. The contractor
shall provide the day and time of delivery, identify the shipper, and
provide the telephone number of the shipper\'s office. Delivery
notification is critical because many of Western\'s delivery locations
are unmanned stations located in remote areas that do not have receiving
docks or unloading equipment. Proper notification will ensure that
Western personnel are on site and have the equipment necessary to unload
the shipment.
c\. If the contractor fails to make the required advance notification,
the Government may not be able to receive the equipment. Any additional
costs incurred by the Government to properly receive and/or relocate the
equipment that are caused by the contractor\'s failure to provide
sufficient advance notification will be charged to the contractor under
the terms of this contract. The designated Government representative is:
Rod Lundin, 970-240-6333.
(End of Clause)
6. **WES-H-1024 LOBBYING RESTRICTIONS (WAPA, FEB 2008)**
The contractor agrees that none of the funds obligated on this award
shall be expended, directly or indirectly, to influence Congressional
action on any legislation or appropriation matters pending before
Congress, other than to communicate to members of Congress as described
in 18 U.S.C. 1913. This restriction is in addition to those prescribed
elsewhere in statute and regulation.
(End of Clause)
7. **WES-H-1025 PREFERENCE FOR PURCHASING AMERICAN-MADE EQUIPMENT AND
PRODUCTS (WAPA, FEB 2008)**
It is the sense of the Congress that, to the greatest extent
practicable, all equipment and products purchased with funds made
available under this award should be American-made.
(End of Clause)
### 52.212-5 Contract Terms and Conditions Required to Implement Statutes or Executive Orders---Commercial Items (OCT 2008)
\(a\) The Contractor shall comply with the following Federal Acquisition
Regulation (FAR) clauses, which are incorporated in this contract by
reference, to implement provisions of law or Executive orders applicable
to acquisitions of commercial items:
\(1\)
[52.233-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_233_240.html#wp1113329),
Protest After Award ([Aug]{.smallcaps} 1996)
([31 U.S.C. 3553](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(2\)
[52.233-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_233_240.html#wp1113344),
Applicable Law for Breach of Contract Claim ([Oct 2004]{.smallcaps})
(Pub. L. 108-77, 108-78)
\(b\) The Contractor shall comply with the FAR clauses in this
paragraph (b) that the Contracting Officer has indicated as being
incorporated in this contract by reference to implement provisions of
law or Executive orders applicable to acquisitions of commercial items:
\(1\)
[52.203-6](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_200_206.html#wp1137622),
Restrictions on Subcontractor Sales to the Government (Sept 2006), with
Alternate I (Oct 1995)
([41 U.S.C. 253g](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[10 U.S.C. 2402](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(2\)
[52.219-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1135955),
Notice of Total HUBZone Set-Aside (Jan 1999)
([15 U.S.C. 657a](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(3\)
[52.219-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1135970),
Notice of Price Evaluation Preference for HUBZone Small Business
Concerns ([July]{.smallcaps} 2005) (if the offeror elects to waive the
preference, it shall so indicate in its offer)
([15 U.S.C. 657a](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(4\) \[Reserved\]
(5)(i)
[52.219-6](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136004),
Notice of Total Small Business Set-Aside (June 2003)
([15 U.S.C. 644](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Oct 1995) of
[52.219-6](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136004).
\(iii\) Alternate II (Mar 2004) of
[52.219-6](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136004).
(6)(i)
[52.219-7](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136017),
Notice of Partial Small Business Set-Aside (June 2003)
([15 U.S.C. 644](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Oct 1995) of
[52.219-7](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136017).
\(iii\) Alternate II (Mar 2004) of
[52.219-7](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136017).
\(7\)
[52.219-8](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136032),
Utilization of Small Business Concerns (May 2004)
([15 U.S.C. 637(d)(2)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and (3)).
(8)(i)
[52.219-9](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136058),
Small Business Subcontracting Plan (Apr 2008)
([15 U.S.C. 637(d)(4)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Oct 2001) of
[52.219-9](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136058).
\(iii\) Alternate II (Oct 2001) of
[52.219-9](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136058).
\(9\)
[52.219-14](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136175),
Limitations on Subcontracting (Dec 1996)
([15 U.S.C. 637(a)(14)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(10\)
[52.219-16](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136186),
Liquidated Damages---Subcon-tracting Plan (Jan 1999) ([15 U.S.C.
637(d)(4)(F)(i)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
(11)(i)
[52.219-23](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136333),
Notice of Price Evaluation Adjustment for Small Disadvantaged Business
Concerns ([Oct]{.smallcaps} [2008]{.smallcaps}) ([10 U.S.C.
2323](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252))
(if the offeror elects to waive the adjustment, it shall so indicate in
its offer).
\(ii\) Alternate I (June 2003) of
[52.219-23](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136333).
\(12\)
[52.219-25](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136374),
Small Disadvantaged Business Participation Program---Disadvantaged
Status and Reporting (Apr 2008) (Pub. L. 103-355, section 7102, and
[10 U.S.C. 2323](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(13\)
[52.219-26](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136380),
Small Disadvantaged Business Participation Program---
Incentive Subcontracting (Oct 2000) (Pub. L. 103-355, section 7102, and
[10 U.S.C. 2323](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(14\)
[52.219-27](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136387),
Notice of Total Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Set-Aside
(May 2004) ([15 U.S.C. 657
f](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(15\)
[52.219-28](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1139913),
Post Award Small Business Program Rerepresentation (June 2007)
([15 U.S.C.
632(a)(2)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(16\)
[52.222-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1147479),
Convict Labor (June 2003) (E.O. 11755).
\(17\)
[52.222-19](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1147630),
Child Labor---Cooperation with Authorities and Remedies (Feb 2008)
(E.O. 13126).
\(18\)
[52.222-21](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1147656),
Prohibition of Segregated Facilities (Feb 1999).
\(19\)
[52.222-26](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1147711),
Equal Opportunity (Mar 2007) (E.O. 11246).
\(20\)
[52.222-35](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148042),
Equal Opportunity for Special Disabled Veterans, Veterans of the Vietnam
Era, and Other Eligible Veterans (Sept 2006)
([38 U.S.C. 4212](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(21\)
[52.222-36](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148097),
Affirmative Action for Workers with Disabilities (Jun 1998)
([29 U.S.C. 793](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+2+78++%2829%29%20%20AND%20%28%2829%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(22\)
[52.222-37](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148123),
Employment Reports on Special Disabled Veterans, Veterans of the Vietnam
Era, and Other Eligible Veterans (Sept 2006)
([38 U.S.C. 4212](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(23\)
[52.222-39](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148147),
Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees
(Dec 2004) (E.O. 13201).
(24)(i)
[52.222-50](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1151848),
Combating Trafficking in Persons (Aug 2007) (Applies to all contracts).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Aug 2007) of
[52.222-50](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1151848).
(25)(i)
[52.223-9](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1168892),
Estimate of Percentage of Recovered Material Content for EPA-Designated
Items (May 2008)
([42 U.S.C. 6962(c)(3)(A)(ii)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+250+1286++%2842%29%20%20AND%20%28%2842%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(ii\) Alternate I (May 2008) of
[52.223-9](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1168892)
([42 U.S.C. 6962(i)(2)(C)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+250+1286++%2842%29%20%20AND%20%28%2842%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(26\)
[52.223-15](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1178433),
Energy Efficiency in Energy-Consuming Products ([Dec 2007]{.smallcaps})
([42 U.S.C. 8259b](http://uscode.house.gov/)).
(27)(i)
[52.223-16](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1179078),
IEEE 1680 Standard for the Environmental Assessment of Personal Computer
Products ([Dec 2007]{.smallcaps}) (E.O. 13423).
\(ii\) Alternate I ([Dec 2007]{.smallcaps}) of
[52.223-16](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1179078).
\(28\)
[52.225-1](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1168995),
Buy American Act---Supplies (June 2003)
([41 U.S.C. 10a-10d](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
(29)(i)
[52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038),
Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act (Aug 2007)
([41 U.S.C. 10a-10d](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
[19 U.S.C.
3301](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+1727+50++%2819%29%20%20AND%20%28%2819%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
note, [19 U.S.C.
2112](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+1727+50++%2819%29%20%20AND%20%28%2819%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
note, Pub. L 108-77, 108-78, 108-286, 109-53 and 109-169).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Jan 2004) of
[52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038).
\(iii\) Alternate II (Jan 2004) of
[52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038).
\(30\)
[52.225-5](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169151),
Trade Agreements ([Nov 2007]{.smallcaps})
([19 U.S.C. 2501](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+1727+50++%2819%29%20%20AND%20%28%2819%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.,
[19 U.S.C. 3301](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+1727+50++%2819%29%20%20AND%20%28%2819%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
note).
\(31\)
[52.225-13](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169608),
Restrictions on Certain Foreign Purchases (June[ ]{.smallcaps}2008)
(E.O.'s, proclamations, and statutes administered by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury).
\(32\)
[52.226-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1173773),
Notice of Disaster or Emergency Area Set-Aside (Nov 2007) ([42 U.S.C.
5150](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+250+1286++%2842%29%20%20AND%20%28%2842%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(33\)
[52.226-5](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1173393),
Restrictions on Subcontracting Outside Disaster or Emergency Area
(Nov 2007) ([42 U.S.C.
5150](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+250+1286++%2842%29%20%20AND%20%28%2842%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(34\)
[52.232-29](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153230),
Terms for Financing of Purchases of Commercial Items (Feb 2002)
([41 U.S.C. 255(f)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
[10 U.S.C. 2307(f)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(35\)
[52.232-30](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153252),
Installment Payments for Commercial Items (Oct 1995)
([41 U.S.C. 255(f)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
[10 U.S.C. 2307(f)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(36\)
[52.232-33](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153351),
Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer---Central Contractor Registration
(Oct 2003)
([31 U.S.C. 3332](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(37\)
[52.232-34](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153375),
Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer---Other than Central Contractor
Registration (May 1999)
([31 U.S.C. 3332](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(38\)
[52.232-36](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_232.html#wp1153445),
Payment by Third Party (May 1999)
([31 U.S.C. 3332](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(39\)
[52.239-1](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_233_240.html#wp1113650),
Privacy or Security Safeguards (Aug 1996)
([5 U.S.C. 552a](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t05t08+2+3++%285%29%20%20AND)).
(40)(i)
[52.247-64](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_247.html#wp1156217),
Preference for Privately Owned U.S.-Flag Commercial Vessels (Feb 2006)
([46 U.S.C. Appx. 1241(b)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t45t48+351+1++%2846%29%20%20AND%20%28%2846%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[10 U.S.C. 2631](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
\(ii\) Alternate I (Apr 2003) of
[52.247-64](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_247.html#wp1156217).
\(c\) The Contractor shall comply with the FAR clauses in this
paragraph (c), applicable to commercial services, that the Contracting
Officer has indicated as being incorporated in this contract by
reference to implement provisions of law or Executive orders applicable
to acquisitions of commercial items:
\(1\)
[52.222-41](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148176),
Service Contract Act of 1965 (Nov 2007)
([41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.).
\(2\)
[52.222-42](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1153423),
Statement of Equivalent Rates for Federal Hires (May 1989)
([29 U.S.C. 206](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+2+78++%2829%29%20%20AND%20%28%2829%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.).
\(3\)
[52.222-43](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148260),
Fair Labor Standards Act and Service Contract Act---Price Adjustment
(Multiple Year and Option Contracts) (Nov 2006)
([29 U.S.C. 206](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+2+78++%2829%29%20%20AND%20%28%2829%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.).
\(4\)
[52.222-44](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148274),
Fair Labor Standards Act and Service Contract Act---Price Adjustment
(Feb 2002)
([29 U.S.C. 206](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+2+78++%2829%29%20%20AND%20%28%2829%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.).
\(5\)
[52.222-51](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1155380),
Exemption from Application of the Service Contract Act to Contracts for
Maintenance, Calibration, or Repair of Certain Equipment---Requirements
(Nov 2007) ([41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/), *et seq.*).
\(6\)
[52.222-53](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1155440),
Exemption from Application of the Service Contract Act to Contracts for
Certain Services---Requirements (Nov 2007) ([41 U.S.C.
351](http://uscode.house.gov/), *et seq.*).
\(7\)
[52.237-11](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_233_240.html#wp1120023),
Accepting and Dispensing of \$1 Coin (Sept 2008) ([31 U.S.C.
5112(p)(1)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+1665+30++%2831%29%20%20AND%20%28%2831%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(d\) *Comptroller General Examination of Record*. The Contractor shall
comply with the provisions of this paragraph (d) if this contract was
awarded using other than sealed bid, is in excess of the simplified
acquisition threshold, and does not contain the clause at
[52.215-2](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_215.html#wp1144470),
Audit and Records---Negotiation.
\(1\) The Comptroller General of the United States, or an authorized
representative of the Comptroller General, shall have access to and
right to examine any of the Contractor's directly pertinent records
involving transactions related to this contract.
\(2\) The Contractor shall make available at its offices at all
reasonable times the records, materials, and other evidence for
examination, audit, or reproduction, until 3 years after final payment
under this contract or for any shorter period specified in
FAR [Subpart 4.7](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%204_7.html#wp1082800),
Contractor Records Retention, of the other clauses of this contract. If
this contract is completely or partially terminated, the records
relating to the work terminated shall be made available for 3 years
after any resulting final termination settelement. Records relating to
appeals under the disputes clause or to litigation or the settlement of
claims arising under or relating to this contract shall be made
available until such appeals, litigation, or claims are finally
resolved.
\(3\) As used in this clause, records include books, documents,
accounting procedures and practices, and other data, regardless of type
and regardless of form. This does not require the Contractor to create
or maintain any record that the Contractor does not maintain in the
ordinary course of business or pursuant to a provision of law.
(e)(1) Notwithstanding the requirements of the clauses in
paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this clause, the Contractor is not
required to flow down any FAR clause, other than those in paragraphs (i)
through (vii) of this paragraph in a subcontract for commercial items.
Unless otherwise indicated below, the extent of the flow down shall be
as required by the clause---
\(i\)
[52.219-8](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136032),
Utilization of Small Business Concerns (May 2004)
([15 U.S.C. 637(d)(2)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+492+90++%2815%29%20%20AND%20%28%2815%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and (3)), in all subcontracts that offer further subcontracting
opportunities. If the subcontract (except subcontracts to small business
concerns) exceeds \$550,000 (\$1,000,000 for construction of any public
facility), the subcontractor must include
[52.219-8](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136032)
in lower tier subcontracts that offer subcontracting opportunities.
\(ii\)
[52.222-26](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1147711),
Equal Opportunity (Mar 2007) (E.O. 11246).
\(iii\)
[52.222-35](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148042),
Equal Opportunity for Special Disabled Veterans, Veterans of the Vietnam
Era, and Other Eligible Veterans (Sept 2006)
([38 U.S.C. 4212](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(iv\)
[52.222-36](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148097),
Affirmative Action for Workers with Disabilities (June 1998)
([29 U.S.C. 793](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t29t32+2+78++%2829%29%20%20AND%20%28%2829%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
\(v\)
[52.222-39](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148147),
Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees
(Dec 2004) (E.O. 13201).
\(vi\)
[52.222-41](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1148176),
Service Contract Act of 1965 (Nov 2007)
([41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t41t42+2+13++%2841%29%20%20AND%20%28%2841%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
*et seq*.).
\(vii\)
[52.222-50](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1151848),
Combating Trafficking in Persons (Aug 2007) ([22 U.S.C.
7104(g)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t21t25+618+103++%2822%29%20%20AND%20%28%2822%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)).
Flow down required in accordance with paragraph (f) of FAR clause
[52.222-50](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1151848).
\(viii\)
[52.222-51](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1155380),
Exemption from Application of the Service Contract Act to Contracts for
Maintenance, Calibration, or Repair of Certain Equipment-Requirements
(Nov 2007) ([41 U.S.C. 351](http://uscode.house.gov/), *et seq.*).
\(ix\)
[52.222-53](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_222.html#wp1155440),
Exemption from Application of the Service Contract Act to Contracts for
Certain Services-Requirements (Nov 2007) ([41 U.S.C.
351](http://uscode.house.gov/), *et seq.*).
\(x\)
[52.247-64](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_247.html#wp1156217),
Preference for Privately Owned U.S.-Flag Commercial Vessels (Feb 2006)
([46 U.S.C.
Appx. 1241(b)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t45t48+351+1++%2846%29%20%20AND%20%28%2846%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20)
and
[10 U.S.C. 2631](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t09t12+37+408++%2810%29%20%252)).
Flow down required in accordance with paragraph (d) of FAR
clause [52.247-64](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_247.html#wp1156217).
\(2\) While not required, the contractor may include in its subcontracts
for commercial items a minimal number of additional clauses necessary to
satisfy its contractual obligations.
(End of clause)
9. **52.212-1 Instructions to Offerors---Commercial Items (June 2008)**
\(a\) ***North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and
small business size standard*.** The NAICS code and small business size
standard for this acquisition appear in Block 10 of the solicitation
cover sheet
([SF 1449](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FormsStandard68.html#wp1186059)).
However, the small business size standard for a concern which submits an
offer in its own name, but which proposes to furnish an item which it
did not itself manufacture, is 500 employees.
\(b\) ***Submission of offers*.** Submit signed and dated offers to the
office specified in this solicitation at or before the exact time
specified in this solicitation. Offers may be submitted on the
[SF 1449](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FormsStandard68.html#wp1186059),
letterhead stationery, or as otherwise specified in the solicitation. As
a minimum, offers must show---
\(1\) The solicitation number;
\(2\) The time specified in the solicitation for receipt of offers;
\(3\) The name, address, and telephone number of the offeror;
\(4\) A technical description of the items being offered in sufficient
detail to evaluate compliance with the requirements in the solicitation.
This may include product literature, or other documents, if necessary;
\(5\) Terms of any express warranty;
\(6\) Price and any discount terms;
\(7\) "Remit to" address, if different than mailing address;
\(8\) A completed copy of the representations and certifications at
FAR [52.212-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_212_213.html#wp1179194)
(see
FAR [52.212-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_212_213.html#wp1179194)(b)
for those representations and certifications that the offeror shall
complete electronically);
\(9\) Acknowledgment of Solicitation Amendments;
\(10\) Past performance information, when included as an evaluation
factor, to include recent and relevant contracts for the same or similar
items and other references (including contract numbers, points of
contact with telephone numbers and other relevant information); and
\(11\) If the offer is not submitted on the
[SF 1449](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FormsStandard68.html#wp1186059),
include a statement specifying the extent of agreement with all terms,
conditions, and provisions included in the solicitation. Offers that
fail to furnish required representations or information, or reject the
terms and conditions of the solicitation may be excluded from
consideration.
\(c\) ***Period for acceptance of offers***. The offeror agrees to hold
the prices in its offer firm for 30 calendar days from the date
specified for receipt of offers, unless another time period is specified
in an addendum to the solicitation.
\(d\) ***Product samples***. When required by the solicitation, product
samples shall be submitted at or prior to the time specified for receipt
of offers. Unless otherwise specified in this solicitation, these
samples shall be submitted at no expense to the Government, and returned
at the sender's request and expense, unless they are destroyed during
preaward testing.
\(e\) ***Multiple offers***. Offerors are encouraged to submit multiple
offers presenting alternative terms and conditions or commercial items
for satisfying the requirements of this solicitation. Each offer
submitted will be evaluated separately.
\(f\) **Late submissions, modifications, revisions, and withdrawals of
offers**.
\(1\) Offerors are responsible for submitting offers, and any
modifications, revisions, or withdrawals, so as to reach the Government
office designated in the solicitation by the time specified in the
solicitation. If no time is specified in the solicitation, the time for
receipt is 4:30 p.m., local time, for the designated Government office
on the date that offers or revisions are due.
(2)(i) Any offer, modification, revision, or withdrawal of an offer
received at the Government office designated in the solicitation after
the exact time specified for receipt of offers is "late" and will not be
considered unless it is received before award is made, the Contracting
Officer determines that accepting the late offer would not unduly delay
the acquisition; and---
\(A\) If it was transmitted through an electronic commerce method
authorized by the solicitation, it was received at the initial point of
entry to the Government infrastructure not later than 5:00 p.m.
one working day prior to the date specified for receipt of offers; or
\(B\) There is acceptable evidence to establish that it was received at
the Government installation designated for receipt of offers and was
under the Government's control prior to the time set for receipt of
offers; or
\(C\) If this solicitation is a request for proposals, it was the only
proposal received.
\(ii\) However, a late modification of an otherwise successful offer,
that makes its terms more favorable to the Government, will be
considered at any time it is received and may be accepted.
\(3\) Acceptable evidence to establish the time of receipt at the
Government installation includes the time/date stamp of that
installation on the offer wrapper, other documentary evidence of receipt
maintained by the installation, or oral testimony or statements of
Government personnel.
\(4\) If an emergency or unanticipated event interrupts normal
Government processes so that offers cannot be received at the Government
office designated for receipt of offers by the exact time specified in
the solicitation, and urgent Government requirements preclude amendment
of the solicitation or other notice of an extension of the closing date,
the time specified for receipt of offers will be deemed to be extended
to the same time of day specified in the solicitation on the first work
day on which normal Government processes resume.
\(5\) Offers may be withdrawn by written notice received at any time
before the exact time set for receipt of offers. Oral offers in response
to oral solicitations may be withdrawn orally. If the solicitation
authorizes facsimile offers, offers may be withdrawn via facsimile
received at any time before the exact time set for receipt of offers,
subject to the conditions specified in the solicitation concerning
facsimile offers. An offer may be withdrawn in person by an offeror or
its authorized representative if, before the exact time set for receipt
of offers, the identity of the person requesting withdrawal is
established and the person signs a receipt for the offer.
\(g\) ***Contract award (not applicable to Invitation for Bids*)**. The
Government intends to evaluate offers and award a contract without
discussions with offerors. Therefore, the offeror's initial offer should
contain the offeror's best terms from a price and technical standpoint.
However, the Government reserves the right to conduct discussions if
later determined by the Contracting Officer to be necessary. The
Government may reject any or all offers if such action is in the public
interest; accept other than the lowest offer; and waive informalities
and minor irregularities in offers received.
\(h\) ***Multiple awards***. The Government may accept any item or group
of items of an offer, unless the offeror qualifies the offer by specific
limitations. Unless otherwise provided in the Schedule, offers may not
be submitted for quantities less than those specified. The Government
reserves the right to make an award on any item for a quantity less than
the quantity offered, at the unit prices offered, unless the offeror
specifies otherwise in the offer.
\(i\) **Availability of requirements documents cited in the
solicitation**.
(1)(i) The GSA Index of Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial
Item Descriptions, FPMR Part 101-29, and copies of specifications,
standards, and commercial item descriptions cited in this solicitation
may be obtained for a fee by submitting a request to---
GSA Federal Supply Service Specifications Section\
Suite 8100\
470 East L'Enfant Plaza, SW\
Washington, DC 20407
Telephone (202) 619-8925\
Facsimile (202) 619-8978.
\(ii\) If the General Services Administration, Department of
Agriculture, or Department of Veterans Affairs issued this solicitation,
a single copy of specifications, standards, and commercial item
descriptions cited in this solicitation may be obtained free of charge
by submitting a request to the addressee in paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this
provision. Additional copies will be issued for a fee.
\(2\) Most unclassified Defense specifications and standards may be
downloaded from the following ASSIST websites:
\(i\) ASSIST (<http://assist.daps.dla.mil>).
\(ii\) Quick Search (<http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch>).
\(iii\) ASSISTdocs.com (<http://assistdocs.com>).
\(3\) Documents not available from ASSIST may be ordered from the
Department of Defense Single Stock Point (DoDSSP) by---
\(i\) Using the ASSIST Shopping Wizard
(<http://assist.daps.dla.mil/wizard>);
\(ii\) Phoning the DoDSSP Customer Service Desk (215) 697-2179, Mon-Fri,
0730 to 1600 EST; or
\(iii\) Ordering from DoDSSP, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Avenue,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone (215) 697-2667/2179, Facsimile
(215) 697-1462.
\(4\) Nongovernment (voluntary) standards must be obtained from the
organization responsible for their preparation, publication, or
maintenance.
\(j\) ***Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number**.* (Applies to
all offers exceeding \$3,000, and offers of \$3,000 or less if the
solicitation requires the Contractor to be registered in the Central
Contractor Registration (CCR) database.) The offeror shall enter, in the
block with its name and address on the cover page of its offer, the
annotation "DUNS" or "DUNS+4" followed by the DUNS or DUNS+4 number that
identifies the offeror's name and address. The DUNS+4 is the DUNS number
plus a 4-character suffix that may be assigned at the discretion of the
offeror to establish additional CCR records for identifying alternative
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) accounts (see
FAR [Subpart 32.11](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2032_11.html#wp1043964))
for the same concern. If the offeror does not have a DUNS number, it
should contact Dun and Bradstreet directly to obtain one. An offeror
within the United States may contact Dun and Bradstreet by calling
1-866-705-5711 or via the internet at <http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform>.
An offeror located outside the United States must contact the local Dun
and Bradstreet office for a DUNS number. The offeror should indicate
that it is an offeror for a Government contract when contacting the
local Dun and Bradstreet office.
\(k\) ***Central Contractor Registration***. Unless exempted by an
addendum to this solicitation, by submission of an offer, the offeror
acknowledges the requirement that a prospective awardee shall be
registered in the CCR database prior to award, during performance and
through final payment of any contract resulting from this solicitation.
If the Offeror does not become registered in the CCR database in the
time prescribed by the Contracting Officer, the Contracting Officer will
proceed to award to the next otherwise successful registered Offeror.
Offerors may obtain information on registration and annual confirmation
requirements via the internet at <http://www.ccr.gov> or by calling
1-888-227-2423 or 269-961-5757.
\(l\) ***Debriefing***. If a post-award debriefing is given to
requesting offerors, the Government shall disclose the following
information, if applicable:
\(1\) The agency's evaluation of the significant weak or deficient
factors in the debriefed offeror's offer.
\(2\) The overall evaluated cost or price and technical rating of the
successful and the debriefed offeror and past performance information on
the debriefed offeror.
\(3\) The overall ranking of all offerors, when any ranking was
developed by the agency during source selection.
\(4\) A summary of the rationale for award;
\(5\) For acquisitions of commercial items, the make and model of the
item to be delivered by the successful offeror.
\(6\) Reasonable responses to relevant questions posed by the debriefed
offeror as to whether source-selection procedures set forth in the
solicitation, applicable regulations, and other applicable authorities
were followed by the agency.
(End of provision)
10. **52.212-3 Offeror Representations and Certifications---Commercial
Items (June 2008)**
An offeror shall complete only paragraph (b) of this provision if the
offeror has completed the annual representations and certifications
electronically at <http://orca.bpn.gov>. If an offeror has not completed
the annual representations and certifications electronically at the ORCA
website, the offeror shall complete only paragraphs (c) through (m) of
this provision.
\(a\) ***Definitions***. As used in this provision---
"Emerging small business" means a small business concern whose size is
no greater than 50 percent of the numerical size standard for the NAICS
code designated.
"Forced or indentured child labor" means all work or service---
\(1\) Exacted from any person under the age of 18 under the menace of
any penalty for its nonperformance and for which the worker does not
offer himself voluntarily; or
\(2\) Performed by any person under the age of 18 pursuant to a contract
the enforcement of which can be accomplished by process or penalties.
"Manufactured end product" means any end product in Federal Supply
Classes (FSC) 1000-9999, except---
\(1\) FSC 5510, Lumber and Related Basic Wood Materials;
\(2\) Federal Supply Group (FSG) 87, Agricultural Supplies;
\(3\) FSG 88, Live Animals;
\(4\) FSG 89, Food and Related Consumables;
\(5\) FSC 9410, Crude Grades of Plant Materials;
\(6\) FSC 9430, Miscellaneous Crude Animal Products, Inedible;
\(7\) FSC 9440, Miscellaneous Crude Agricultural and Forestry Products;
\(8\) FSC 9610, Ores;
\(9\) FSC 9620, Minerals, Natural and Synthetic; and
\(10\) FSC 9630, Additive Metal Materials.
"Place of manufacture" means the place where an end product is assembled
out of components, or otherwise made or processed from raw materials
into the finished product that is to be provided to the Government. If a
product is disassembled and reassembled, the place of reassembly is not
the place of manufacture.
"Restricted business operations" means business operations in Sudan that
include power production activities, mineral extraction activities,
oil-related activities, or the production of military equipment, as
those terms are defined in the Sudan Accountability and Divestment Act
of 2007 (Pub. L. 110-174). Restricted business operations do not include
business operations that the person conducting the business can
demonstrate---
\(1\) Are conducted under contract directly and exclusively with the
regional government of southern Sudan;
\(2\) Are conducted pursuant to specific authorization from the Office
of Foreign Assets Control in the Department of the Treasury, or are
expressly exempted under Federal law from the requirement to be
conducted under such authorization;
\(3\) Consist of providing goods or services to marginalized populations
of Sudan;
\(4\) Consist of providing goods or services to an internationally
recognized peacekeeping force or humanitarian organization;
\(5\) Consist of providing goods or services that are used only to
promote health or education; or
\(6\) Have been voluntarily suspended.
"Service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern"---
\(1\) Means a small business concern---
\(i\) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more
service-disabled veterans or, in the case of any publicly owned
business, not less than 51 percent of the stock of which is owned by one
or more service-disabled veterans; and
\(ii\) The management and daily business operations of which are
controlled by one or more service-disabled veterans or, in the case of a
service-disabled veteran with permanent and severe disability, the
spouse or permanent caregiver of such veteran.
\(2\) Service-disabled veteran means a veteran, as defined in
[38 U.S.C. 101(2)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20),
with a disability that is service-connected, as defined in
[38 U.S.C. 101(16)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20).
"Small business concern" means a concern, including its affiliates, that
is independently owned and operated, not dominant in the field of
operation in which it is bidding on Government contracts, and qualified
as a small business under the criteria in 13 CFR Part 121 and size
standards in this solicitation.
"Veteran-owned small business concern" means a small business concern---
\(1\) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more veterans
(as defined at
[38 U.S.C. 101(2)](http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t37t40+200+2++%2838%29%20%20AND%20%28%2838%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20))
or, in the case of any publicly owned business, not less than 51 percent
of the stock of which is owned by one or more veterans; and
\(2\) The management and daily business operations of which are
controlled by one or more veterans.
"Women-owned business concern" means a concern which is at least
51 percent owned by one or more women; or in the case of any publicly
owned business, at least 51 percent of its stock is owned by one or more
women; and whose management and daily business operations are controlled
by one or more women.
"Women-owned small business concern" means a small business concern---
\(1\) That is at least 51 percent owned by one or more women; or, in the
case of any publicly owned business, at least 51 percent of the stock of
which is owned by one or more women; and
\(1\) Whose management and daily business operations are controlled by
one or more women.
\(b\)
\(1\) ***Annual Representations and Certifications***. Any changes
provided by the offeror in paragraph (b)(2) of this provision do not
automatically change the representations and certifications posted on
the Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA)
website.
\(2\) The offeror has completed the annual representations and
certifications electronically via the ORCA website at
<http://orca.bpn.gov>. After reviewing the ORCA database information,
the offeror verifies by submission of this offer that the
representations and certifications currently posted electronically at
FAR 52.212-3, Offeror Representations and Certifications---Commercial
Items, have been entered or updated in the last 12 months, are current,
accurate, complete, and applicable to this solicitation (including the
business size standard applicable to the NAICS code referenced for this
solicitation), as of the date of this offer and are incorporated in this
offer by reference (see FAR
[4.1201](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%204_12.html#wp1073667)),
except for paragraphs *** ***.
\[*Offeror to identify the applicable paragraphs at (c) through (m) of
this provision that the offeror has completed for the purposes of this
solicitation only, if any.*
*These amended representation(s) and/or certification(s) are also
incorporated in this offer and are current, accurate, and complete as of
the date of this offer.*
*Any changes provided by the offeror are applicable to this solicitation
only, and do not result in an update to the representations and
certifications posted on ORCA.*\]
\(c\) Offerors must complete the following representations when the
resulting contract will be performed in the United States or its
outlying areas. Check all that apply.
\(1\) *Small business concern*. The offeror represents as part of its
offer that it is, is not a small business concern.
\(2\) *Veteran-owned small business concern*. \[*Complete only if the
offeror represented itself as a small business concern in
paragraph (c)(1) of this provision*.\] The offeror represents as part of
its offer that it is, is not a veteran-owned small business concern.
\(3\) *Service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern*.
\[*Complete only if the offeror represented itself as a veteran-owned
small business concern in paragraph (c)(2) of this provision*.\] The
offeror represents as part of its offer that it is, is not a
service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern.
\(4\) *Small disadvantaged business concern*. \[*Complete only if the
offeror represented itself as a small business concern in
paragraph (c)(1) of this provision*.\] The offeror represents, for
general statistical purposes, that it is, is not a small disadvantaged
business concern as defined in 13 CFR 124.1002.
\(5\) *Women-owned small business concern*. \[*Complete only if the
offeror represented itself as a small business concern in
paragraph (c)(1) of this provision*.\] The offeror represents that it
is, is not a women-owned small business concern.
**Note:** Complete paragraphs (c)(6) and (c)(7) only if this
solicitation is expected to exceed the simplified acquisition threshold.
\(6\) *Women-owned business concern (other than small business
concern*). \[*Complete only if the offeror is a women-owned business
concern and did not represent itself as a small business concern in
paragraph (c)(1) of this provision*.\] The offeror represents that it
is a women-owned business concern.
\(7\) *Tie bid priority for labor surplus area concerns*. If this is an
invitation for bid, small business offerors may identify the labor
surplus areas in which costs to be incurred on account of manufacturing
or production (by offeror or first-tier subcontractors) amount to more
than 50 percent of the contract price:*** ***
\(8\) Small Business Size for the Small Business Competitiveness
Demonstration Program and for the Targeted Industry Categories under the
Small Business Competitiveness Demonstration Program. \[*Complete only
if the offeror has represented itself to be a small business concern
under the size standards for this solicitation*.\]
\(i\) \[*Complete only for solicitations indicated in an addendum as
being set-aside for emerging small businesses in one of the designated
industry groups (DIGs).*\] The offeror represents as part of its offer
that it is, is not an emerging small business.
\(ii\) \[*Complete only for solicitations indicated in an addendum as
being for one of the targeted industry categories (TICs) or designated
industry groups (DIGs).*\] Offeror represents as follows:
\(A\) Offeror's number of employees for the past 12 months (check the
Employees column if size standard stated in the solicitation is
expressed in terms of number of employees); or
\(B\) Offeror's average annual gross revenue for the last 3 fiscal years
(check the Average Annual Gross Number of Revenues column if size
standard stated in the solicitation is expressed in terms of annual
receipts).
(*Check one of the following*):
Number of Employees Average Annual Gross Revenues
--------------------- -------------------------------
50 or fewer \$1 million or less
51--100 \$1,000,001--\$2 million
101--250 \$2,000,001--\$3.5 million
251--500 \$3,500,001--\$5 million
501--750 \$5,000,001--\$10 million
751--1,000 \$10,000,001--\$17 million
Over 1,000 Over \$17 million
\(9\) \[*Complete only if the solicitation contains the clause at
FAR *[52.219-23](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136333)*,
Notice of Price Evaluation Adjustment for Small Disadvantaged Business
Concerns, or
FAR *[52.219-25](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_217_221.html#wp1136374)*,
Small Disadvantaged Business Participation Program---Disadvantaged
Status and Reporting, and the offeror desires a benefit based on its
disadvantaged status*.\]
\(i\) *General.* The offeror represents that either---
\(A\) It is, is not certified by the Small Business Administration as
a small disadvantaged business concern and identified, on the date of
this representation, as a certified small disadvantaged business concern
in the database maintained by the Small Business Administration
(PRO-Net), and that no material change in disadvantaged ownership and
control has occurred since its certification, and, where the concern is
owned by one or more individuals claiming disadvantaged status, the net
worth of each individual upon whom the certification is based does not
exceed \$750,000 after taking into account the applicable exclusions set
forth at 13 CFR 124.104(c)(2); or
\(B\) It has, has not submitted a completed application to the Small
Business Administration or a Private Certifier to be certified as a
small disadvantaged business concern in accordance with 13 CFR 124,
Subpart B, and a decision on that application is pending, and that no
material change in disadvantaged ownership and control has occurred
since its application was submitted.
\(ii\) *Joint Ventures under the Price Evaluation Adjustment for Small
Disadvantaged Business Concerns.* The offeror represents, as part of its
offer, that it is a joint venture that complies with the requirements in
13 CFR 124.1002(f) and that the representation in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of
this provision is accurate for the small disadvantaged business concern
that is participating in the joint venture. \[*The offeror shall enter
the name of the small disadvantaged business concern that is
participating in the joint venture:* *** ***.\]
\(10\) *HUBZone small business concern*. \[*Complete only if the offeror
represented itself as a small business concern in paragraph (c)(1) of
this provision*.\] The offeror represents, as part of its offer, that---
\(i\) It is, is not a HUBZone small business concern listed, on the
date of this representation, on the List of Qualified HUBZone Small
Business Concerns maintained by the Small Business Administration, and
no material change in ownership and control, principal office, or
HUBZone employee percentage has occurred since it was certified by the
Small Business Administration in accordance with 13 CFR Part 126; and
\(ii\) It is, is not a joint venture that complies with the
requirements of 13 CFR Part 126, and the representation in
paragraph (c)(10)(i) of this provision is accurate for the HUBZone small
business concern or concerns that are participating in the joint
venture. \[*The offeror shall enter the name or names of the HUBZone
small business concern or concerns that are participating in the joint
venture*: *** ***.\] Each HUBZone small business concern
participating in the joint venture shall submit a separate signed copy
of the HUBZone representation.
\(d\) Representations required to implement provisions of Executive
Order 11246---
\(1\) Previous contracts and compliance. The offeror represents that---
\(i\) It has, has not participated in a previous contract or
subcontract subject to the Equal Opportunity clause of this
solicitation; and
\(ii\) It has, has not filed all required compliance reports.
\(2\) *Affirmative Action Compliance*. The offeror represents that---
\(i\) It has developed and has on file, has not developed and does not
have on file, at each establishment, affirmative action programs
required by rules and regulations of the Secretary of Labor (41 cfr
parts 60-1 and 60-2), or
\(ii\) It has not previously had contracts subject to the written
affirmative action programs requirement of the rules and regulations of
the Secretary of Labor.
\(e\) *Certification Regarding Payments to Influence Federal
Transactions ([31 ]{.underline}U.S.C. 1352)*. (Applies only if the
contract is expected to exceed \$100,000.) By submission of its offer,
the offeror certifies to the best of its knowledge and belief that no
Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid to any person
for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any
agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress or an
employee of a Member of Congress on his or her behalf in connection with
the award of any resultant contract. If any registrants under the
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 have made a lobbying contact on behalf
of the offeror with respect to this contract, the offeror shall complete
and submit, with its offer, OMB Standard Form LLL, Disclosure of
Lobbying Activities, to provide the name of the registrants. The offeror
need not report regularly employed officers or employees of the offeror
to whom payments of reasonable compensation were made.
\(f\) *Buy American Act Certificate*. (Applies only if the clause at
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
[52.225-1](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1168995),
Buy American Act---Supplies, is included in this solicitation.)
\(1\) The offeror certifies that each end product, except those listed
in paragraph (f)(2) of this provision, is a domestic end product and
that the offeror has considered components of unknown origin to have
been mined, produced, or manufactured outside the United States. The
offeror shall list as foreign end products those end products
manufactured in the United States that do not qualify as domestic end
products. The terms "component," "domestic end product," "end product,"
"foreign end product," and "United States" are defined in the clause of
this solicitation entitled "Buy American Act---Supplies."
\(2\) Foreign End Products:
Line Item No. Country of Origin
--------------- -------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(3\) The Government will evaluate offers in accordance with the
policies and procedures of
FAR [Part 25](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FARTOCP25.html#wp225048).
(g)(1) *Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act
Certificate*. (Applies only if the clause at
FAR [52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038),
Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act, is
included in this solicitation.)
\(i\) The offeror certifies that each end product, except those listed
in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) or (g)(1)(iii) of this provision, is a domestic
end product and that the offeror has considered components of unknown
origin to have been mined, produced, or manufactured outside the United
States. The terms "Bahrainian or Moroccan end product," "component,"
"domestic end product," "end product," "foreign end product," "Free
Trade Agreement country," "Free Trade Agreement country end product,"
"Israeli end product," and "United States" are defined in the clause of
this solicitation entitled "Buy American Act-Free Trade
Agreements-Israeli Trade Act."
\(ii\) The offeror certifies that the following supplies are Free Trade
Agreement country end products (other than Bahrainian or Moroccan end
products) or Israeli end products as defined in the clause of this
solicitation entitled "Buy American Act---Free Trade
Agreements---Israeli Trade Act":
Free Trade Agreement Country End Products (Other than Bahrainian or
Moroccan End Products) or Israeli End Products:
Line Item No. Country of Origin
--------------- -------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(iii\) The offeror shall list those supplies that are foreign end
products (other than those listed in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this
provision) as defined in the clause of this solicitation entitled "Buy
American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act." The offeror
shall list as other foreign end products those end products manufactured
in the United States that do not qualify as domestic end products.
Other Foreign End Products:
Line Item No. Country of Origin
--------------- -------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(iv\) The Government will evaluate offers in accordance with the
policies and procedures of
FAR [Part 25](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FARTOCP25.html#wp225048).
\(2\) *Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act
Certificate, Alternate I*. If Alternate I to the clause at
FAR [52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038)
is included in this solicitation, substitute the following
paragraph (g)(1)(ii) for paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of the basic provision:
(g)(1)(ii) The offeror certifies that the following supplies are
Canadian end products as defined in the clause of this solicitation
entitled "Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act":
Canadian End Products:
Line Item No.
---------------
*** ***
*** ***
*** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(3\) *Buy American Act---Free Trade Agreements---Israeli Trade Act
Certificate, Alternate II*. If Alternate II to the clause at
FAR [52.225-3](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169038)
is included in this solicitation, substitute the following
paragraph (g)(1)(ii) for paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of the basic provision:
(g)(1)(ii) The offeror certifies that the following supplies are
Canadian end products or Israeli end products as defined in the clause
of this solicitation entitled "Buy American Act---Free Trade
Agreements---Israeli Trade Act":
Canadian or Israeli End Products:
Line Item No. Country of Origin
--------------- -------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(4\) *Trade Agreements Certificate*. (Applies only if the clause at
FAR [52.225-5](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/52_223_226.html#wp1169151),
Trade Agreements, is included in this solicitation.)
\(i\) The offeror certifies that each end product, except those listed
in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this provision, is a U.S.-made or designated
country end product, as defined in the clause of this solicitation
entitled "Trade Agreements."
\(ii\) The offeror shall list as other end products those end products
that are not U.S.-made or designated country end products.
Other End Products:
Line Item No. Country of Origin
--------------- -------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\[*List as necessary*\]
\(iii\) The Government will evaluate offers in accordance with the
policies and procedures of
FAR [Part 25](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/FARTOCP25.html#wp225048).
For line items covered by the WTO GPA, the Government will evaluate
offers of U.S.-made or designated country end products without regard to
the restrictions of the Buy American Act. The Government will consider
for award only offers of U.S.-made or designated country end products
unless the Contracting Officer determines that there are no offers for
such products or that the offers for such products are insufficient to
fulfill the requirements of the solicitation.
\(h\) *Certification Regarding Responsibility Matters (Executive
Order 12689*). (Applies only if the contract value is expected to exceed
the simplified acquisition threshold.) The offeror certifies, to the
best of its knowledge and belief, that the offeror and/or any of its
principals---
\(1\) Are, are not presently debarred, suspended, proposed for
debarment, or declared ineligible for the award of contracts by any
Federal agency;
\(2\) Have, have not, within a three-year period preceding this offer,
been convicted of or had a civil judgment rendered against them for:
commission of fraud or a criminal offense in connection with obtaining,
attempting to obtain, or performing a Federal, state or local government
contract or subcontract; violation of Federal or state antitrust
statutes relating to the submission of offers; or commission of
embezzlement, theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or destruction of
records, making false statements, tax evasion, violating Federal
criminal tax laws, or receiving stolen property;
\(3\) Are, are not presently indicted for, or otherwise criminally or
civilly charged by a Government entity with, commission of any of these
offenses enumerated in paragraph (h)(2) of this clause; and
\(4\) Have, have not, within a three-year period preceding this offer,
been notified of any delinquent Federal taxes in an amount that exceeds
\$3,000 for which the liability remains unsatisfied.
\(i\) Taxes are considered delinquent if both of the following criteria
apply:
\(A\) *The tax liability is finally determined*. The liability is
finally determined if it has been assessed. A liability is not finally
determined if there is a pending administrative or judicial challenge.
In the case of a judicial challenge to the liability, the liability is
not finally determined until all judicial appeal rights have been
exhausted.
\(B\) *The taxpayer is delinquent in making payment*. A taxpayer is
delinquent if the taxpayer has failed to pay the tax liability when full
payment was due and required. A taxpayer is not delinquent in cases
where enforced collection action is precluded.
\(ii\) *Examples*.
\(A\) The taxpayer has received a statutory notice of deficiency, under
I.R.C. §6212, which entitles the taxpayer to seek Tax Court review of a
proposed tax deficiency. This is not a delinquent tax because it is not
a final tax liability. Should the taxpayer seek Tax Court review, this
will not be a final tax liability until the taxpayer has exercised all
judicial appeal rights.
\(B\) The IRS has filed a notice of Federal tax lien with respect to an
assessed tax liability, and the taxpayer has been issued a notice under
I.R.C. §6320 entitling the taxpayer to request a hearing with the IRS
Office of Appeals contesting the lien filing, and to further appeal to
the Tax Court if the IRS determines to sustain the lien filing. In the
course of the hearing, the taxpayer is entitled to contest the
underlying tax liability because the taxpayer has had no prior
opportunity to contest the liability. This is not a delinquent tax
because it is not a final tax liability. Should the taxpayer seek tax
court review, this will not be a final tax liability until the taxpayer
has exercised all judicial appeal rights.
\(C\) The taxpayer has entered into an installment agreement pursuant to
I.R.C. §6159. The taxpayer is making timely payments and is in full
compliance with the agreement terms. The taxpayer is not delinquent
because the taxpayer is not currently required to make full payment.
\(D\) The taxpayer has filed for bankruptcy protection. The taxpayer is
not delinquent because enforced collection action is stayed under 11
U.S.C. §362 (the Bankruptcy Code).
\(i\) Certification Regarding Knowledge of Child Labor for *Listed End
Products (Executive Order 13126)*. \[*The Contracting Officer must list
in paragraph (i)(1) any end products being acquired under this
solicitation that are included in the List of Products Requiring
Contractor Certification as to Forced or Indentured Child Labor, unless
excluded at*
[22.1503](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2022_15.html#wp1088086)*(b)*.\]
\(1\) *Listed end products*.
Listed End Product Listed Countries of Origin
-------------------- ----------------------------
*** *** *** ***
*** *** *** ***
\(2\) *Certification*. \[*If the Contracting Officer has identified end
products and countries of origin in paragraph (i)(1) of this provision,
then the offeror must certify to either (i)(2)(i) or (i)(2)(ii) by
checking the appropriate block*.\]
(i) The offeror will not supply any end product listed in
paragraph (i)(1) of this provision that was mined, produced, or
manufactured in the corresponding country as listed for that product.
(ii) The offeror may supply an end product listed in paragraph (i)(1)
of this provision that was mined, produced, or manufactured in the
corresponding country as listed for that product. The offeror certifies
that it has made a good faith effort to determine whether forced or
indentured child labor was used to mine, produce, or manufacture any
such end product furnished under this contract. On the basis of those
efforts, the offeror certifies that it is not aware of any such use of
child labor.
\(j\) *Place of manufacture.* (Does not apply unless the solicitation is
predominantly for the acquisition of manufactured end products.) For
statistical purposes only, the offeror shall indicate whether the place
of manufacture of the end products it expects to provide in response to
this solicitation is predominantly---
\(1\) In the United States (Check this box if the total anticipated
price of offered end products manufactured in the United States exceeds
the total anticipated price of offered end products manufactured outside
the United States); or
\(2\) Outside the United States.
\(k\) *Certificates regarding exemptions from the application of the
Service Contract Act.* (Certification by the offeror as to its
compliance with respect to the contract also constitutes its
certification as to compliance by its subcontractor if it subcontracts
out the exempt services.) \[*The contracting officer is to check a box
to indicate if paragraph (k)(1) or (k)(2) applies.*\]
(1) Maintenance, calibration, or repair of certain equipment as
described in FAR
[22.1003-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2022_10.html#wp1105165)(c)(1).
The offeror does does not certify that---
\(i\) The items of equipment to be serviced under this contract are used
regularly for other than Governmental purposes and are sold or traded by
the offeror in substantial quantities to the general public in the
course of normal business operations;
\(ii\) The services will be furnished at prices which are, or are based
on, established catalog or market prices (see FAR
[22.1003-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2022_10.html#wp1105165)(c)(2)(ii))
for the maintenance, calibration, or repair of such equipment; and
\(iii\) The compensation (wage and fringe benefits) plan for all service
employees performing work under the contract will be the same as that
used for these employees and equivalent employees servicing the same
equipment of commercial customers.
(2) Certain services as described in
FAR [22.1003-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2022_10.html#wp1105165)(d)(1).
The offeror does does not certify that---
\(i\) The services under the contract are offered and sold regularly to
non-Governmental customers, and are provided by the offeror (or
subcontractor in the case of an exempt subcontract) to the general
public in substantial quantities in the course of normal business
operations;
\(ii\) The contract services will be furnished at prices that are, or
are based on, established catalog or market prices (see FAR
[22.1003-4](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2022_10.html#wp1105165)(d)(2)(iii));
\(iii\) Each service employee who will perform the services under the
contract will spend only a small portion of his or her time (a monthly
average of less than 20 percent of the available hours on an annualized
basis, or less than 20 percent of available hours during the contract
period if the contract period is less than a month) servicing the
Government contract; and
\(iv\) The compensation (wage and fringe benefits) plan for all service
employees performing work under the contract is the same as that used
for these employees and equivalent employees servicing commercial
customers.
\(3\) If paragraph (k)(1) or (k)(2) of this clause applies---
\(i\) If the offeror does not certify to the conditions in paragraph
(k)(1) or (k)(2) and the Contracting Officer did not attach a Service
Contract Act wage determination to the solicitation, the offeror shall
notify the Contracting Officer as soon as possible; and
\(ii\) The Contracting Officer may not make an award to the offeror if
the offeror fails to execute the certification in paragraph (k)(1) or
(k)(2) of this clause or to contact the Contracting Officer as required
in paragraph (k)(3)(i) of this clause.
\(l\) *Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) (*[26 U.S.C.
6109](http://uscode.house.gov/)*, [31 U.S.C.
7701](http://uscode.house.gov/))*. (Not applicable if the offeror is
required to provide this information to a central contractor
registration database to be eligible for award.)
\(1\) All offerors must submit the information required in paragraphs
(l)(3) through (l)(5) of this provision to comply with debt collection
requirements of [31 U.S.C. 7701(c) and
3325(d)](http://uscode.house.gov/), reporting requirements of [26 U.S.C.
6041, 6041A, and 6050M](http://uscode.house.gov/), and implementing
regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
\(2\) The TIN may be used by the Government to collect and report on any
delinquent amounts arising out of the offeror's relationship with the
Government ([31 U.S.C. 7701(c)(3)](http://uscode.house.gov/)). If the
resulting contract is subject to the payment reporting requirements
described in FAR
[4.904](http://www.acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%204_9.html#wp1091081),
the TIN provided hereunder may be matched with IRS records to verify the
accuracy of the offeror's TIN.
\(3\) *Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)*.
TIN: *** ***.
TIN has been applied for.
TIN is not required because:
Offeror is a nonresident alien, foreign corporation, or foreign
partnership that does not have income effectively connected with the
conduct of a trade or business in the United States and does not have an
office or place of business or a fiscal paying agent in the United
States;
Offeror is an agency or instrumentality of a foreign government;
Offeror is an agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government.
\(4\) *Type of organization*.
Sole proprietorship;
Partnership;
Corporate entity (not tax-exempt);
Corporate entity (tax-exempt);
Government entity (Federal, State, or local);
Foreign government;
International organization per 26 CFR 1.6049-4;
Other *** ***.
\(5\) *Common parent*.
Offeror is not owned or controlled by a common parent;
Name and TIN of common parent:
Name *** ***.
TIN *** ***.
\(m\) *Restricted business operations in Sudan*. By submission of its
offer, the offeror certifies that it does not conduct any restricted
business operations in Sudan.
(End of provision)
12/8/2008
SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER CABLE
The following covers the specifications for 600 volt, 1 conductor,
350kcmil, electrical power cable. This specification covers single
conductor flame retardant insulated power cables for use by Western in
substations. They shall be certified for continuous operation at 90
degree C in wet or dry locations, when installed in trays, conduits
above or below ground, as exposed runs, or directly buried in the
ground. The cables shall have a design life of 40 years.
1\. [APPLICABLE INDUSTRY STANDARDS:]{.underline}
ICEA S-68-516 AND IEEE Standard 383-1974, UL1581, except that the
requirements of this Specification shall govern when in conflict.
2\. [POWER, GENERAL:]{.underline}
Single conductor, 600 volt, 350kcmil stranded bare copper, insulated
with flame retardant, moisture and radiation resistant flexible
thermosetting dielectric insulation, assembled with flame and moisture
resistant fillers in the interstices, and extruded flame resistant belt
over the core, and a heavy duty flame and oil resistant thermosetting
jacket overall.
\(a\) Be in accordance with National Electrical Code (NEC) and NEMA WC
Publications as specified.
\(b\) Be furnished with certification of date of manufacturer. Cable
which was manufactured more than 2 years prior to the bid opening date
is not acceptable.
\(c\) Be round.
\(d\) The conductor shall be soft annealed copper wire, Class B or Class
C.
\(e\) Have American Wire Gauge designation.
\(f\) Have coverings or insulation suitable for installation in the
vertical position without injury to the covering or deformation of the
insulation when supported in accordance with NEC Article 300-19.
\(g\) The following information shall be printed in white lettering on
the black jacket surface and repeated at intervals not exceeding 24
inches: Manufacture's name, plant number, number of conductors, size of
conductors, type of insulation, 600 volt shielded cable.
\(h\) Have 600 volt insulation class.
\(k\) An overall covering (jacket) of thermoplastic or neoprene 60 mils
thick.
3\. [MAXIMUM LENGTHS:]{.underline}
Control cable shall be shipped in continuous lengths. Maximum lengths on
one cable reel shall be 1000 feet. Control cable shall be delivered on
durable steel reels in no more than1000 foot lengths. The cable reels
shall have a minimum 2.5" diameter holes for mandrels or axles.
| en |
markdown | 357085 | # Presentation: 357085
## Epitaxial Lift-Off GaAs On Diamond for High Power Devices
**ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
- Diamond heat sinking technology was developed for heat sinking of high power transistor devices on Gallium Arsenide substrates
- The technology was applied to heat sink high power vertical cavity surface emitting laser devices on Indium Phosphide substrates
***Princeton Optronics, Inc.***
***Princeton, NJ***
**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation **
**R****esearch**
**GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
- Potential applications include Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Raman pumps for telecom and other fiber optical data transmission
- Significant interest from telecom equipment vendors
- Glenn Research Center
- Communications
- 3-081
**Epitaxial Lift-Off GaAs On Diamond for High Power Devices**
***High Power (2W) 980nm Laser Module***
**INNOVATION**
- 1994 Phase II, NAS3-27749, 2/02
- NASA Contact – Rainee Simons
- Company Contact – Chuni L. Ghosh
- A novel heat sinking technology by bonding of diamond to semiconductor devices
**COMMERCIALIZATION**
- $30M venture capital has been invested by the Venture Capital companies so far to develop telecom products using this technology
- Firm’s full time job equivalent increased by 30 to a total of 63 | en |
markdown | 538643 | # Presentation: 538643
## What You’ll Learn
## What You’ll Learn
**Some answers may include:**
**The environment was conducive to learning.**
**The instructor was knowledgeable in the subject matter.**
**The course content was targeted to the audience’s needs.**
**The course activities supported the content. **
## What You’ll Learn
## What You’ll Learn
**Although there is no time in this session to perfect your skills, you will improve your skills and make this course more effective. **
## What You’ll Learn
**How to:**
**Establish an environment that is conducive to learning.**
**Make a training presentation.**
**Conduct exercises and lead group discussions.**
**Manage classroom interactions.**
**Handle difficult students.**
**Use training evaluation results to improve training.**
## What You’ll Learn
## Cross-Cultural Training Issues
**Avoid . . .**
**Situations that cause a “loss of face.”**
**Analogies, metaphors, expressions, or stories that are culturally or gender-based based.**
**Symbols or graphics that could offend others.**
**Colors that could be misinterpreted across cultures.**
**Jokes or humor that could offend others.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
**Adults . . .**
**See themselves as responsible, self-directed, and independent.**
**Tend to avoid, resist, and resent not being treated as adults.**
**Should be treated as resources as well as learners.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
## Adult Learner Characteristics
**Adults . . .**
**Learn when they perceive a need or identify disadvantages of not learning.**
**Are more motivated when training:**
**Explains the “whys.”**
**Is related to personal goals.**
**Focuses on “real world” situations.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
## Adult Learner Characteristics
**Adults . . .**
**Have large banks of previous learning.**
**Learn by linking new learning to past experiences.**
**May need to “unlearn” previous learning or assumptions.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
**Lessons learned from previous experiences are routinely fed back to ensure that personnel build on past experience to improve current or future performance.**
**After-action reports work on the same premise.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
## Adult Learner Characteristics
**Studies show that 3 days after learning new **
**information, adults retain:**
**10% of what they read.**
**20% of what they hear.**
**30% of what they see.**
**50% of what they see and hear.**
**70% of what they say.**
**90% of what they say as they do.**
## Adult Learner Characteristics
## Adult Learner Characteristics
## Activity: Understanding Your Audience
| Intelligence
Terrorism
Knife
Justice
Bird
Tree
Watch | Pot
Truth
Table
Fork
Pen
Stream
Wisdom
Security | Flower
Encryption
Meaning
Field
Analysis
Pencil |
| --- | --- | --- |
## Activity: Understanding Your Audience
**Techniques for Enhancing Learning:**
**Create a strong beginning and ending.**
**Make the middle of the training memorable.**
**Changing training methods/media**
**Reenergizing the group**
**“****Hook” new learning to existing frameworks through stories, analogies, and association.**
**Break training into chunks.**
## Activity: Understanding Your Audience
## Activity: Understanding Your Audience
**New information is hooked to old information. When the words changed from Intelligence-related terms, you were left to search for places to hook the information to. By the time you found the right hooks, several new terms had come and gone.**
## Activity: Understanding Your Audience
**People tend to remember more information when it is presented in clusters or groups.**** **
## Making Presentations
## Making Presentations
**Characteristics of effective instructors:**
**Attending to the audience**
**Observing the audience**
**Using nonverbal behaviors**
**Using the voice**
## Attending to the Audience
**DO:**
**Clear your mind of distractions.**
**Face the students.**
**Maintain a relaxed but attentive stance.**
**Draw people in by walking toward them.**
**DON’T:**
**Talk with your back to the group.**
**Place a barrier between you and the students.**
**Stand in a fixed position, fidget, or shift your weight.**
## Attending to the Audience
## Common Distractions for Instructors
**Lack of familiarity with the materials**
**“****Difficult” students**
**Side conversations**
**Audio-visual issues**
## Attending to the Audience
## Observing the Audience
**DO:**
**Be aware of nonverbal behaviors.**
**Scan the room and be aware of your blind spots.**
**Share observations with students.**
**DON’T:**
**Just look at the students, **_**see**_** them.**
**Stare at any one spot or person for too long.**
**Bury your head in notes or materials.**
## Observing the Audience
**DO:**
**Use natural facial expressions.**
**Show enthusiasm through expressions and body movements.**
**Be aware of energy lows and develop methods for avoiding dips.**
**DON’T:**
**Appear insincere.**
**Use behaviors that could be seen as negative or judgmental.**
**Use distracting gestures.**
## Using Nonverbal Behaviors
## Using Nonverbal Behaviors
**Identify your audiences likely energy cycles ahead of time.**
**Schedule an activity when your audience are likely to hit an energy lull.**
**Eat a light lunch.**
**Call a break and get some fresh air during the break.**
## Using Nonverbal Behaviors
## Negative Nonverbal Behaviors
**Those behaviors that:**
**Appear negative.**
**Appear stern.**
**Provide negative feedback.**
## Using Your Voice
**DO:**
**Speak loud enough to be heard.**
**Vary the pace of your presentation.**
**Slow down for important points.**
**DON’T:**
**Speak in a monotone voice.**
**Be afraid to pause.**
## Using Training Media
## Using Training Media
## Effects of Nonworking Media
**Content can’t be presented as intended.**
**The instructor’s timing is thrown off.**
## Using Training Media
**DO:**
**Practice on and test all equipment.**
**Have a backup plan.**
**Label light switches.**
**Organize items by lesson and groups.**
**DON’T:**
**Use media without previewing it.**
**Allow media to distract you.**
**Assume that flashy materials take the place of good instructors.**
## Putting Yourself at Ease
## Putting Yourself at Ease
## Putting Yourself at Ease
**Prepare ahead of time.**
**Practice and visualize the presentation.**
**Do relaxation exercises (e.g., deep breathing, stretching).**
**Connect with the audience ahead of time.**
**Use nervousness as positive energy.**
**Maintain a sense of humor.**
**Realize that the students want them to succeed.**
**Understand that it’s okay to pause to gather thoughts.**
## Facilitating Discussions
## Facilitating Discussions
**Encourage involvement**
**Ask questions**
**Respond to answers**
**Answer questions**
**Lead discussions**
**Lead exercises**
**Provide feedback**
## Facilitating Discussions
## Facilitating Discussions
**Use questions to:**
**Encourage participation.**
**Generate curiosity and thinking.**
**Foster discussion.**
**Check student understanding.**
**Get feedback on the training.**
## Facilitating Discussions
**Responding to student answers:**
**Listen**
**Paraphrase**
**Respond or redirect**
## Facilitating Discussions
## Facilitating Discussions
**Paraphrasing demonstrates that you **
**listened by: **
**Restating the speaker’s statements and feelings.**
**Using your own words.**
**Remaining neutral.**
## Facilitating Discussions
## Facilitating Discussions
## Facilitating Discussions
## Managing the Classroom
**Managing the physical environment.**
**Preparing the instructor team.**
**Managing the clock.**
**Making midcourse corrections.**
**Handling difficult students.**
## Managing the Classroom
## Managing the Classroom
## Managing the Classroom
**Preparing the instructor team:**
**Agree on responsibilities for instruction.**
**Agree to ground rules for working together.**
**Prepare guest speakers.**
**Conduct a “dry run.”**
**Develop a plan to touch base during breaks.**
**Debrief at the end of each day.**
## Managing the Classroom
**Break management tips:**
**Take a break about every hour.**
**Watch for nonverbal signs that a break is needed.**
**Try to find natural breaking points.**
**Enforce break time limits.**
## Managing the Classroom
**Making midcourse corrections:**
**Collect continuous feedback from the students.**
**Adjust the pace of the training.**
**Use breaks to reassess and adjust.**
**Substitute less time-consuming activities.**
** **
**Ensure that corrections allow you to achieve all learning objectives!**
## Managing the Classroom
## Managing the Classroom
**Having the entire group complete an exercise together.**
**Reducing the number of questions or activities.**
**Giving the group part of the answer and have them work on completing the remainder of the activity.**
## Managing the Classroom
## Managing the Classroom
**Dealing with difficult students:**
**Take action before others get frustrated.**
**Preserve a positive learning environment.**
**Don’t compromise the individual’s self esteem.**
## Activity: Pulling It All Together
**Getting ready:**
**Become familiar with the Instructor Guide.**
**Review the learning objectives.**
**Gain an understanding of the content.**
**Highlight the key learning points.**
**Tailor the content to your target audience.**
## Summary and Transition
**This unit covered:**
**Delivering Effective Training**
** **
## Summary and Transition
**Questions?** | en |
all-txt-docs | 796548 | 05.25.00
Thursday, May 25, 2000, 6:30 a.m. CDTSTATUS REPORT: STS-101-13
STS-101 MISSION CONTROL CENTER STATUS REPORT #13
As their seventh day in space draws to a close this morning, the
astronauts aboard Atlantis have virtually completed their maintenance
work on the International Space Station, installing equipment that is
planned to leave the space outpost in flawless condition.
Late Wednesday, Astronauts Susan Helms and Jim Voss along with
Cosmonaut Yury Usachev completed the installation of a fourth and
final fresh battery in the station. Station flight controllers in
Russia have completed charging two of the newly installed batteries
and they are operating perfectly. The third new battery is currently
undergoing a 20-hour charging process, although controllers did note
some apparently irregular readings in data during the early portions
of the charging activity. However, after further analysis,
controllers now believe the irregular information was likely a ground
communications problem and that the battery is in excellent
condition. Charging of the fourth new battery will begin later today
and be completed before Atlantis undocks from the station on Friday.
Later, Voss and Williams installed several new storage compartments
behind panels in the Zarya module. Helms and Usachev also installed a
new Radio Telemetry System in the module, a memory unit that can
store data onboard when the station is not in communications with the
ground. The new memory unit replaces one that was nearing the end of
its planned operational lifetime.
Commander Jim Halsell and Pilot Scott Horowitz fired Atlantis'
steering jets to perform the second part of a three-day maneuver that
is raising the station's orbit. Atlantis' jets were fired 27 times
over the course of almost an hour to raise the Atlantis-station
complex's average altitude by about nine miles. The third and final
orbit-raising activity is planned tonight and will leave the station
about 27 miles higher than when Atlantis arrived, in an optimum orbit
to await the launch of a station living quarters module by Russia in
July.
The crew has transferred more than a ton of gear -- ranging from
sewing kits to clothing -- to the station to await use by the first
resident crew. Among the items transferred this morning were a
stationary bicycle ergometer as well as four 12-gallon bags of
drinking water. Tonight, the crew will wrap up the transfer of
equipment to the station with plans in place to unload a total of
more than 3,000 pounds of gear by the time Atlantis leaves. Halsell,
Horowitz and Mary Ellen Weber will take a brief break from their
activities at 9:11 p.m. CDT for an interview by CBS News, Fox News
and KTBS-TV of Shreveport, LA.
The crew will begin a sleep period at 7:11 a.m. CDT and awaken at 3:11
p.m. to begin the eighth day of the mission. Atlantis is scheduled to
undock from the station at 6:07 p.m. CDT Friday and land at the
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 1:18 a.m. CDT Monday.
The Atlantis-International Space Station complex is now in an orbit
with an altitude of about 225 miles, circling Earth every 91 minutes.
The next mission status report will be issued at 7 p.m. CDT.
-end-
| en |
log-files | 811357 | list is ./files.list
type is Zee
runs are 0 to 1
done setting up
root -b -l -q mpCalibValid.C("./files.list","Zee",0,1)
log is mpCalibValid_Zee_Run0-1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 cdfopr cdf 101821 Oct 10 17:09 mpCalibValid_Zee_Run0-1.log
done making histograms
root.exe -b -q checkMpCalibValid.C("Zee",0,1);
*******************************************
* *
* W E L C O M E to R O O T *
* *
* Version 4.00/08 1 December 2004 *
* *
* You are welcome to visit our Web site *
* http://root.cern.ch *
* *
*******************************************
Compiled for linux with thread support.
CINT/ROOT C/C++ Interpreter version 5.15.138, May 23 2004
Type ? for help. Commands must be C++ statements.
Enclose multiple statements between { }.
23223 pts/19 00:00:01 root.exe
Processing checkMpCalibValid.C("Zee",0,1);...
Reading from ./mpcalib_valid_Zee_0-1.root
| en |
converted_docs | 093644 | Voluntary Report - public distribution
**Date:** 7/6/2005
**GAIN Report Number:** CH5054
CH5054
**China, Peoples Republic of**
**FAIRS Product Specific**
**National Standards for Organic Products**
**2005**
**Approved by:**
Maurice House
U.S. Embassy Beijing, Office of Agricultural Affairs
**Prepared by:**
Wu Bugang
**Report Highlights:**
This an UNOFFICIAL translation of the national standards for organic
products issued by the Standardization Administration of China. It
consists of four parts, namely production, processing, labeling and
marketing, and management system. Exporters should carefully study the
regulation and consult with importers to ensure that their
interpretation of this regulation is accurate.
Includes PSD Changes: No
Includes Trade Matrix: No
Unscheduled Report
Beijing \[CH1\]
\[CH\]
Table of Contents
[**Executive Summary 3**](#executive-summary)
[Organic products --- Part 1: Production
3](#organic-products-part-1-production)
[Annex A 20](#annex-a)
[Substances allowed for use in soil fertility buildup and improvement in
organic crop plantation
20](#substances-allowed-for-use-in-soil-fertility-buildup-and-improvement-in-organic-crop-plantation)
[Annex B 22](#annex-b)
[Substances and measures allowed for use in plant protection in organic
crop plantation
22](#substances-and-measures-allowed-for-use-in-plant-protection-in-organic-crop-plantation)
[Annex C 24](#annex-c)
[Drinking water quality requirements for organic livestock and poultry,
and sterilizing agents allowable for organic livestock and poultry farms
24](#drinking-water-quality-requirements-for-organic-livestock-and-poultry-and-sterilizing-agents-allowable-for-organic-livestock-and-poultry-farms)
[Annex D 26](#annex-d)
[Criteria in evaluation of other substances used in organic production
26](#criteria-in-evaluation-of-other-substances-used-in-organic-production)
[Organic Product Part 2： Processing
29](#organic-product-part-2-processing)
[Annex A 34](#annex-a-1)
[Non-agricultural origin ingredients and additives allowed to use in
organic food processing
34](#non-agricultural-origin-ingredients-and-additives-allowed-to-use-in-organic-food-processing)
[Annex B 38](#annex-b-1)
[Criteria of evaluation for organic food additives and processing aids
38](#criteria-of-evaluation-for-organic-food-additives-and-processing-aids)
[Organic products --- Part 3 : Labeling and marketing
40](#organic-products-part-3-labeling-and-marketing)
[Organic Product Part 4： Management System
45](#organic-product-part-4-management-system)
# Executive Summary
The Standardization Administration of China (SAC) and the General
Administration on Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ)
jointly issued the National Standards for Organic Products early this
year. These recommended standards, along with other regulations about
organic product certification (CH5012 and CH5049) regulate the
production, processing, labeling and marketing, and management of
organic products in China. Imported organic products need to observe
these regulations and standards that were put into force on April 1,
2005.
# Organic products --- Part 1: Production
(GB/T19630.1)
Foreword
GB/T 19630 \"Organic Product\" is divided into four parts:
\-- Part 1: Production;
\-- Part 2: Processing;
\-- Part 3: Labeling and marketing;
\-- Part 4: Management system.
This part is Part 1 of GB/T 19630.
Annex A, Annex B and Annex C of this Part are normative and Annex D is
informative.
This part was proposed by Certification and Accreditation Administration
of China.
This part was drafted by: China Agriculture University, Nanjing Guohuan
Organic Product Certification Center, China Qualification Appraisal
National Accreditation Center.
This part was mainly drafted by: Du Xiangge, Zhou Zejiang, Wang
Yun\'gang, Wang Maohua, Chen Yunhua and Xu Na.
1\. Scope
This part of GB/T 19630 specifies the general specifications and
requirements for organic production of crops, edible fungi, wild plants,
domestic animals and poultry, aquatic products, bee and its unprocessed
products.
This part is applicable to the overall process of organic production,
mainly including: growing of crops, cultivation of edible fungi, wild
plant collection, domestic animals and poultry breeding, aquatic
farming, bee breeding and the transport, storage and package of their
products.
2\. Normative reference documents
The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in
this part of GB/T 19630, constitute provisions of this part. Any
modification lists (except text corrections) or revisions of the
reference documents with specific date shall not apply to this part.
But, all parties of agreement based on this part are encouraged to
discuss if the newer versions of those documents are applicable. All the
latest editions of the referenced documents without date indication are
applicable to this part.
GB 3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard
GB 5084 Standards for irrigation water quality
GB 5749 Sanitary standard for drinking water
GB 9137 Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in atmosphere for
protection crops
GB 11607 Water quality standard for fisheries
GB 15618-1995 Environmental quality standard for soils
GB 18596 Discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry
breeding
3\. Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 19630.
3.1 Organic agriculture
A kind of agricultural production in compliance with certain organic
agriculture production standards, to obtain organisms and their products
without using genetic engineering technology, chemosynthetic pesticide,
chemical fertilizer, growth regulator or feed additive, following
natural laws and ecologic principles, coordinating the balance of crop
farming and livestock breeding, and adopting a series of agricultural
technology for sustainable development to maintain continuous and stable
agricultural production system.
3.2 Organic product
Products for human consumption or animal feeding made through
production, processing and marketing conforming to this part.
3.3 Conventional
The production system and their products have not obtained organic
certification or have not start for organic conversion certification.
3.4 Conversion
The period of time from the starting of management according to this
part to the production unit and products obtaining organic
certification.
3.5 Parallel production
Parallel production refers to the situation in which the identical or
hard-to-be distinguished organic, organic conversion or conventional
products are produced simultaneously in the same farm.
3.6 Buffer zone
The transition zone between organic and conventional land blocks
purposefully set with explicit borders to restrain or obstruct the
drifting of objectionable substances from adjacent land blocks.
3.7 Input
All substances or materials used in organic production.
3.8 Homeopathic treatment
A kind of diseases treatment system by using the dilution of some
substances that, when being applied massively without dilution to
healthy animals, can cause the diseases to be treated.
3.9 Biological diversity
Diversity of life forms and ecosystem types on the earth, including
genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological system diversity.
3.10 GMOs
Plants, animals and microorganisms introduced with some genes through
genetic engineering.
3.11 Allowed；permitted
Substances or methods allowed to be used by this part.
3.12 Restricted
Substances or methods allowable for conditional use by this part.
3.13 Prohibited
Substances or methods not allowed to be used by this part.
4 Growing of crops
4.1 Generals
4.1.1 Scope of farm
The farm shall have legible boundary and explicit property and
management rights. It can be multiple farmers working in the same area
and all of them are willing to carry out the production according to
this part, with a strict organization and management system established.
4.1.2 Production environment requirements
Organic production shall be carried out in appropriate environmental
conditions. An organic production base shall be far away from urban
area, industrial and mining area, traffic trunk lines, industrial
pollution sources and domestic refuse ground, etc.
The environmental quality of the production base shall conform to the
following requirements:
a. Soil environment quality shall conform to Class 2 standard of GB
15618-1995.
b. Quality of irrigation water shall conform to GB 5084.
c. Environmental air quality shall conform to Class 2 standard in GB
3095-1996 and GB 9137.
4.1.3 Buffer zone and habitat
In case that the organic production area of the farm is subject to
pollution from adjacent conventional production areas, buffer zones
physical barriers shall be provided between the organic production area
and conventional production area, so as to protect the organic
production against pollution and prevent the objectionable substances in
the conventional land from drifting.
Habitat of natural enemies shall be arranged around the organic
production area to provide space for activities, oviposition and
inhabitation, so as to improve biotic diversity and natural control
capability.
4.1.4 Conversion period
Conversion period shall be calculated starting from the date of
submitting the application for certification. The conversion period
shall be normally not less than 24 months for annual crops and not less
than 36 months for perennial crops.
The conversion period of farmlands that are newly cultivated, long-term
abandoned, long-term cultivated in traditional ways by using no
objectionable substances and supported by sufficient evidences shall
also be at least 12 months.
During the conversion period, the farm shall be managed fully according
to the requirements for organic agriculture.
4.1.5 Parallel production
In case that parallel production exists in a farm, the varieties of
animals and plants for parallel production shall be specified with plans
for the parallel production, harvest, storage and transport, accompanied
with independent and complete records system for organic products and
conventional products (or organic conversion products), respectively.
Organic production management can be carried out in the entire farm or
in a part of it before realizing full organic production as scheduled.
4.1.6 Genetically modified organism
Genetically modified organisms and their derivants shall be prohibited
to be introduced into the organic production system or organic products,
including plants, animals, seeds, composition divisions, reproduction
materials, fertilizers, soil improvement substances, plant protection
products and other agricultural input substances. Genetically modified
organisms shall not be introduced or used in the conventional production
part of farm with parallel production.
4.2 Growing of crops
4.2.1 Selection of seeds and seedlings
Organic seeds or seedlings shall be selected. If no organic seeds or
seedlings are available, conventional seeds or seedlings not treated
with objectionable substances shall be selected, but plans for obtaining
organic seeds and seedlings shall be made.
The kind and variety of crops selected shall suitable to the local soil
and climate features with resistance against disease and pests. The
protection of inherit diversity of crops shall be fully considered in
variety selection.
Use of seeds and seedlings treated with objectionable substance and
method are prohibited.
4.2.2 Crop cultivation
Crop rotation and interplanting shall be adopted to maintain biotic
diversity and soil fertility in the area.
In areas of one crop a year, two kinds of crops are allowable for
rotation.
It is prohibited to grow the same crop in the same field for multiple
years, except pasture, paddy rice and perennial crops.
Soil moisture shall be controlled with reasonable irrigation mode
according to local circumstances (such as trickling irrigation,
sprinkler irrigation or subsurface irrigation, etc.).
Restoration of soil fertility shall be carried out with bean crops, zero
tillage or land fallow.
4.2.3 Soil fertility management
Soil nutrients and organic matters shall be recovered, regenerated and
supplemented to replenish the loss due to crop harvest.
Adequate organic fertilizers shall be used to maintain and improve soil
fertility, nutrient balance and activity of soil organisms.
Organic fertilizers shall be mainly originated from the farm or organic
farms (or livestock farm); for particular cases (such as in intensive
cultivation mode) or in organic conversion period or for special
nutrient requirements as verified, a part of fertilizer can be bought
from outside of the farm with approval by the certification authorities.
Commercial organic fertilizers shall be approved by organic
certification authorities.
Human excrement shall be restricted for use. When necessary, adequate
maturity and harmless treatment shall be carried out according to
related requirements and it shall not contact the edible part of the
crop. Application for leaf vegetables, tubers and root crops shall be
prohibited.
Natural mineral fertilizers and bio-fertilizers shall not be used as
substitutes in system nutrient cycle and can only be used as
controlled-release fertilizers with their own natural components.
Chemical treatment for solubility enhancement shall be prohibited.
In composting of organic fertilizers, microorganisms from the nature can
be added, but genetically modified organisms and their products are
prohibited.
Refer to Annex A for substances allowable or restricted in use during
soil fertility buildup. Before using any substance not listed in Annex
A, evaluation shall be carried out by certification authorities
according to Annex D.
In case of suspicious fertilizer pollution, test the fertilizer for
heavy metal or other pollution factors before use. Application of
mineral fertilizers shall be strictly controlled to prevent soil from
heavy metal accumulation.
In case of suspicious fertilizer pollution, test the fertilizer for
pollution factors before use.
Fertilizers passed the test shall be controlled in application amount to
avoid harmful substance buildup in soil.
The use of chemical synthesis fertilizers and urban sewage sludge are
prohibited.
4.2.4 Plant diseases, insect pests and weeds control
The fundamental principles of diseases, pests and weeds control shall
start from the entire ecological system and use various preventive
measures to create environmental conditions adverse to the breeding of
diseases, pests and weeds but favorable to their natural enemies, so as
to maintain the balance of agricultural ecosystem and bio-diversity and
reduce the loss caused by diseases, pests and weeds. Priority shall be
given to agricultural measures to select varieties with good resistance
against diseases and pests, make non-chemical seed treatment, rear sound
seedlings, strengthen cultivation management, till soil for weed
clearing and sunshine, and carry out crop rotation and interplant, to
control diseases, pests and weeds. Measures of mechanical and manual
pest capture by using light and color shall be used and mechanical and
manual weeding shall be carried out to control diseases, pests and
weeds.
In case of the failure to control the diseases and pests by using the
above methods, substances listed in Annex B are allowed for use. Before
using any substance not listed in Annex B, evaluation shall be carried
out by certification authorities according to Annex D.
4.2.5 Pollution control
The irrigation and drainage systems of organic land and conventional
land shall be isolated effectively to prevent water moving from
conventional farmland to organic farmland.
Equipment used in conventional agricultural system shall be adequately
cleaned to remove pollutant residuals.
When using protective building covering, plastic film and fly net, only
products made from polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate are
allowed for use and shall be removed from soil after use. Incineration
or use of polychlor products is prohibited.
Pesticide residue on organic products shall not exceed the limit
specified in national hygienic standards by 5% and the heavy metal
content shall not exceed the limit specified in national hygienic
standards for the corresponding products.
4.2.6 Soil conservation and biotic diversity protection
Positive and feasible measures shall be taken to prevent soil from
running away, desertification and water resource abuse. Sustainable
utilization of soil and water resource shall be fully considered.
Definite and feasible measures shall be taken to prevent soil
salinization.
Stalk coverage or interplant shall be encouraged to avoid soil exposure.
Protection of ecological environment and biotic diversity shall be
highlighted.
Natural enemies and their habitats shall be protected.
Crop stalks shall be utilized and shall not be incinerated.
5 Edible fungi cultivation
5.1 Space and environment
An outdoor edible fungi cultivation area directly neighboring
conventional farmland must be provided with a buffer zone of greater
than 30m to avoid impacts of objectionable substances. No chemical
synthesis pesticide shall be used around the cultivation space. Water
quality of water source shall conform to GB 5749.
5.2 Strains
Certified organic strains shall be used and the source of strains shall
be able for retrospection.
5.3 Cultivation
Organically produced or natural material media shall be adopted.
Soil used in edible fungi cultivation shall conform to the same
requirements as for crop production.
Paint used on timber and inoculation position shall be of edible grade.
Petroleum made paint, emulsion paint and oil paint are prohibited.
5.4 Pests and infectious microbes
5.4.1 Preventive management measures shall be taken to maintain
cleanness and air interchanges. Infected bacterioflora shall be removed.
2. In non-cultivation period, low concentration chlorine solution is
allowed to
use for sterilization of the cultivation space.
5.4.3 Physical barriers, temperature and humidity regulation and lime
water are
allowed to use for pest control.
6 Wild plant collection
6.1 The area for wild plant collection shall be clear with boundary and
shall maintain in the status of stable and sustainable production.
6.2 The area for wild plant collection shall be free from pollution by
any objectionable substance for three years before the collection.
6.3 Effective buffer zones shall be provided for the area of wild plant
collection.
6.4 Collection activities shall not cause threat to the environment or
the animals and plants species. The collection quantity shall not exceed
the sustainable output of the ecological system.
6.5 Management plan for sustainable production of the area of wild plant
collection shall be formulated and submitted.
7． General rules for transport, storage and package
7.1 Transport
7.1.1 Before loading of organic products, the transport vehicles for
miscellaneous use shall be cleaned.
7.1.2 Special marks and labels shall be attached to the transport
vehicles and containers to distinguish from conventional products.
7.1.3 During transport and loading and unloading, the legible organic
certification marks and related instructions shall be attached to
external packing.
7.1.4 Complete records and bills shall be kept for transport, loading
and unloading so as to maintain the integrality of organic production.
7.2 Storage
Storehouse shall be clean and free from pests or harmful substances and
shall have not been treated with any objectionable substance within 7
days.
Allowed using normal temperature storage, air regulation, temperature
control, humidity control and other storage methods can be used.
Organic products shall be stored separately as far as possible. If
stored together with conventional products, a special area shall be
marked out in the storehouse and necessary packages and labels shall be
used to guarantee that the organic products can be recognized from
conventional products.
Complete storage records and bills shall be kept.
7.3 Package
Packing materials shall conform to national hygienic requirements and
related regulations. Renewable, recoverable and biodegradable packing
materials shall be used.
Package shall be simple and practical.
Packages or containers in contact with objectionable substances are
prohibited for use.
8 Livestock and poultry breeding
8.1 Conversion period
8.1.1 The requirements of conversion period for feed production base are
the same as that for organic farms.
The conversion period of pasture and meadow can be shorten to 12 months.
For pasture and meadow never in contact with objectionable substances,
the conversion period can be as short as 6 months.
8.1.2 Only after conversion period, can the livestock and poultry be
sold as organic products. The conversion period of livestock and poultry
are as follows:
a） 12 months for meat cattle, horse and camel;
b） 6 months for mutton sheep and hog;
c） 6 months for milking livestock;
d） 10 weeks for meat poultry;
e） 6 weeks for egg poultry;
f） The conversion period for other varieties shall be longer than 3/4
of their culture cycle.
8.2 Parallel production
If a farm grows the same variety or hard-to-differentiate varieties of
livestock and poultry in organic mode and non-organic mode, it shall
satisfy the following conditions before selling the organically cultured
livestock and poultry as organic products:
a. The pens, playgrounds and pastures for organic livestock and poultry
and non-organic livestock and poultry shall be completely separated,
or the organic livestock and poultry and non-organic livestock and
poultry are varieties easy to differentiate;
b. Storehouse or space for feed storage are separated with distinct
marks;
c. Detailed records are kept for organic and non-organic livestock and
poultry in terms of grouping, feeding and medical treatment, etc.;
d. Organic livestock and poultry shall not contact the storage area of
non-organic feed and objectionable substances.
8.3 Introduction of livestock and poultry
8.3.1 Introduce organic livestock and poultry. If organic livestock and
poultry are not available, conventional livestock and poultry are
allowed to be introduced, provided the following conditions are
satisfied:
a）Beef cattle, equine and camel, ablactated but not exceed 6 months
old;
b）Hog and sheep, ablactated but not exceed 6 week old;
c）Milking cows, not exceed 4 week old, colostrum fed and grown mainly
on whole milk;
d）Chicken broilers, not exceed 3 days old; (Other poultry can be 2
weeks old);
e）Egg-laying chicken, not exceed 18 week old.
8.3.2 Conventional livestock shall be allowed for introduction with the
quantity not exceeding 10% of gross amount of adult organic livestock of
the same variety. In case of the following situations, the proportion
can be up to 40% with the approval by certification authorities:
a）Unpredictable serious natural disaster or human error accident;
b）Cultivation farm expansion in a large magnitude;
c）New livestock and poultry varieties introduced to the cultivation
farm.
All introduced conventional livestock and poultry must go through
corresponding conversion period.
3. Conventional studs shall be allowed for introduction and breeding
immediately in organic way.
4. All introduced livestock and poultry shall not be polluted by
genetically
modified organisms and their products, including genetic engineering
involved breeding materials, vaccine, animal medicines, feed and feed
additives, etc..
8.4 Feed
8.4.1 Livestock and poultry shall be fed with organic feed. 50% of the
feed shall come from the plantation base of the cultivation farm or
local organic farms with cooperation relationship with the farm. Feed
production shall conform to the requirements of chapter 4 \"growing of
crops\" in this part.
8.4.2 In the first year of organic management, the feed produced in the
feed plantation base of the cultivation farm according to the standard
requirements can be used for feeding the livestock and poultry of the
cultivation farm but shall not be sold as organic feed.
8.4.3 In case of short supply of organic feed, conventional feed is
allowed to be purchased. But the consumption of conventional feed shall
not exceed the following percentage on yearly base:
a）Herbivore (dry matter) 10%;
b）Non-herbivore (dry matter) 15%.
The conventional feed in rations for livestock and poultry shall not
exceed 25% of the gross amount (dry matter).
In case of unpredictable serious natural disaster or human error
accident, conventional feed exceeding the above percentages is allowed
for use for a certain period of time.
The prior approval of certification authorities shall be obtained before
using conventional feed and detailed feeding records shall be kept.
8.4.4 Ruminants must be guaranteed to have roughage satisfying basic
nutritional needs each day. In the rations, roughage, green feed or
silage shall be not lower than 60% (or 50% for milking livestock in the
first 3 months). Roughage, green feed or silage must be included in the
rations for hog and poultry.
8.4.5 Pups in colostrum feeding period must be fed by females with
sufficient colostrum. Organic milk is allowed for feeding pups in
suckling period. In case that organic milk is unavailable, non-organic
milk of the the same variety can be used.
Early stage ablactation or milk substitute feeding are prohibited. In
emergency, milk substitute is allowed for supplementary feeding,
provided it is free from antibiotic, chemical synthetic additive or
products from animal slaughtering. Suckling period shall be at least:
a. 6 weeks for hog and sheep;
b. 3 months for cattle and horse.
8.4.6 Major farming materials in mixed feed must pass organic
certification.
8.4.7 No genetically modified organisms or their products is permitted
to use in feed, feed ingredients and feed additives.
8. The following methods and products are prohibited:
a）Feeding ruminants with animals and their products, or feeding
livestock and poultry with animals and their products of the same
variety;
b）Animal manure in any processed or unprocessed forms;
c）Feeds extracted through chemical solvents or added with chemical
synthetic substances.
8.5 Feed additives
8.5.1 Feed additives used shall be those listed in the feed additive
catalogue issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and conform to other
requirements in this part.
8.5.2 Natural minerals and trace elements such as magnesia and greensand
are allowed to use.
8.5.3 Vitamins added shall come from germinating grains, fish liver oil,
yeast for wine making or other natural substances.
8.5.4 The following products are prohibited:
a）Chemical synthetic growth promoters (including antibiotics, hormones
and trace elements for growth promotion);
b）Chemical synthetic appetizer;
c）Preservatives (except for processing as accessory ingredient);
d）Chemical synthetic pigment;
e）Non-protein nitrogen (such as urea);
f）Chemically purified aminoacid;
g）Genetically modified organisms or their products.
8.6 Feeding conditions
8.6.1 The feeding environment of livestock and poultry (sheds and
fences, etc.) must satisfy the following conditions, to meet their
physiologic and behavior needs:
a）Adequate activity space and time; part of the playground can be
shaded;
b）Well ventilated with abundant natural lighting, but avoiding
excessive sunshine;
c）Maintaining proper temperature and humidity, and protected against
the invasion of weather stress such as: wind, rain and snow;
d）Adequate padding materials;
e）Adequate drinking water and feed;
f）Using no building materials or equipment obviously harmful to human
and animal health.
8.6.2 Quality of drinking water for livestock and poultry shall conform
to the requirements in chapter C.1.
8.6.3 Artificial illumination can be used for egg poultry to extend
lighting time, but the total lighting time shall not exceed 16h per day.
8.6.4 All livestock and poultry shall be allowed for outdoor movements
in proper seasons, with exceptions as follows:
a）Special shed structure prevent such outdoor movement temporarily.
Improvements must be made within a time limit;
b）Stable breeding is better for continuous utilization of land
resources.
8.6.5 Cage rearing that keeps livestock or poultry away from contacting
ground, full stable breeding, rearing in confinement or other feeding
modes that restrain the natural behaviors of livestock and poultry shall
be prohibited.
8.6.6 Gregarious livestock and poultry shall not be kept in a single
room, except the diseased, adult male, or those in late pregnancy.
8.6.7 Necessary protection measures shall be taken to avoid injury by
wild predators.
8.6.8 Forced feeding shall be prohibited.
8.7 Disease control
8.7.1 Disease prevention for organic livestock and poultry shall be
carried out on the following principles:
a）Varieties strong in adaptability and hardiness shall be selected
according to regional characteristics;
b）According to the needs of livestock and poultry, the feeding and
management methods of rotation grazing, high quality feed and suitable
movements shall be provided to improve the non-specific immunity of the
livestock and poultry;
c）Feeding density shall be reasonably controlled to prevent health
problems caused by excessive density.
8.7.2 Disinfecting agents listed in Annex C are allowed to use in
livestock and poultry feeding places. Rodenticides with state approval
and substances in Annex B are allowed to use in ways absolutely safe to
livestock and poultry in feeding spaces.
8.7.3 During sterilization process, livestock and poultry shall be
removed from the processing area. Excrements shall be cleaned regularly.
8.7.4 Natural therapies can be used for diseases treatment, such as
Chinese veterinary medicine, acupuncture, plant sourced pharmaceutics
and homeopathy, etc.
8.7.5 Legal preventive vaccination shall be carried out.
In case that there are danger of diseases and no other controls are
available, emergency preventive vaccination is allowed (including
vaccination for promoting antibody generation in source of parents). But
the vaccine used in the vaccination shall not be genetically modified.
Antibiotic or chemical synthetic animal medicines are prohibited to use
in prophylactic treatment for livestock and poultry.
8.7.6 In case of failure in control of diseases by taking multiple
preventive measures, conventional animal medicines are allowed to use
for sick livestock and poultry under the guidance of veterinarians. The
livestock and poultry and their products can be sold as organic products
only after two times of the withholding period of the medicine (or after
48h, if the twice withholding period is shorter than 48h).
8.7.7 Antibiotic, chemical synthetic antiparasitic agent or other growth
promoters are prohibited to use for stimulating growth of livestock and
poultry. The use of hormone to controlled reproductive behaviors of
livestock and poultry (e.g. estrus inducement, synchronous estrus and
superovulation etc.) is prohibited. But hormone can be used for diseases
treatment for individual animals under the supervision of veterinarians.
8.7.8 Except legal vaccine inoculation, livestock and poultry having a
feeding cycle less than one year can only receive one treatment period
of allopathic animal medicine; Livestock and pourltry having a feeding
cycle exceeding one year can receive max. three treatment periods of
allopathic animal medicine each year. Otherwise, the livestock and
poultry shall not be sold as organic livestock and poultry or organic
products. If such livestock and poultry are to stay in the organic
breeding system, a specified conversion period must be imposed with the
consent by the certification authorities.
8.7.9 Records must be kept for diseases diagnostic result, medicine,
dosage, dosing method and time, treatment period, nursing method and
withholding period. Livestock and poultry and large-sized animals having
received conventional animal medicine treatment shall be marked
individually. Poultry and small sized animals can be marked in groups or
batches.
8.8 Non-treatment surgery
8.8.1 Organic breeding emphasizes respect for individual animal
characteristics. Varieties of those needing no non-treatment surgery
shall be selected for breeding as far as possible. With the precondition
of minimizing the painfulness of livestock and poultry, the following
non-treatment surgeries are allowed, and anesthetics can be used when
necessary:
a）Physical castration (hog, cattle, chicken etc.);
b）Horn cutting;
c）Deciduous teeth passivating treatment for baby pigs in 24h after
birth (to prevent sow breast injury);
d）Lamb docking;
e）Feather cutting;
f）Ring wearing.
8.8.2 The following non-treatment surgeries are prohibited:
a）Docking (except lamb);
b）Beak or toe cutting;
c）Wing ironing;
d）Baby pig teeth cutting;
e）Other non-treatment surgeries without definite permission.
8.9 Reproduction
8.9.1 Natural reproduction shall be encouraged.
8.9.2 Propagating methods having no serious impact to inheritance
diversity, such as artificial insemination, are allowed.
8.9.3 The use of artificial or subsidiary reproduction techniques having
serious impact to inheritance diversity, such as embryonic implantation
and cloning, etc., are prohibited.
8.9.4 The use of hormone for promotion of ovulation and delivery is
prohibited, except for purpose of therapy.
8.9.5 The offspring of female that received treatment with objectionable
substances in the later one third section of gestation period shall not
be certified as organic.
8.10 Transport and slaughtering
8.10.1 During loading and unloading, transport, waiting for slaughtering
and slaughtering process, livestock and poultry shall be clearly marked
for identification.
8.10.2 Special persons shall be appointed to manage the livestock and
poultry during loading and unloading, transport and waiting for
slaughtering.
8.10.3 Livestock and poultry shall be provided with proper conditions,
such as:
a）Livestock and poultry shall be prevented from contacting animals
being slaughtered or dead through visual, hearing or smelling sense;
b）Maintain the existing colonies and avoid mixture of different
colonies or sexes;
c）Provide breaking time for stress alleviation;
d）Make sure the mode of transport and operating equipment are high
quality and suitable for the purpose; The transport vehicles shall be
suitable for the livestock and poultry to be transported;
e）Avoid thirst and hunger during transport. Provide feed and water when
necessary;
f）Consider and try to satisfy individual needs of livestock and
poultry;
g）Provide proper temperature and relative humidity;
h）Loading and unloading shall produce minimum stress to livestock and
poultry.
8.10.4 Animal transport and slaughter shall be carried out with gentle
operating stress. The use of electric baton and similar devices is
prohibited for driving animals. Depressants or stimulants are prohibited
to use for animals before and during transport.
8.10.5 Normally, the time of vehicle transport shall not exceed 8h,
except the distance from the cultivation farm to slaughter house is too
far. The nearest slaughter house shall be selected.
8.10.6 Binding, hanging and slaughtering before the livestock and
poultry loss their consciousness are prohibited. The stunning tools
shall be in good working order at any time. If, for religional or
cultural reasons, livestock and poultry should be slaughtered directly
without stunning, the process shall be as short as possible and carried
out in a peaceful environment.
8.10.7 Organic livestock and poultry and conventional livestock and
poultry shall be separated in slaughtering. The products after
slaughtering shall be stored separately with legible marks. The colored
marks on carcass must conform to national food hygienic regulations.
8.11 Environmental impacts
8.11.1 The amount of livestock and poultry in the farm shall not exceed
the maximum stock capacity. The feed production capacity, animal health
and environment impacts must be considered fully. Any adverse
environmental effects caused by overgrazing may defy the certification.
8.11.2 Make sure the excrement storage facilities are sufficient in
capacity, treated timely and used reasonably. All excrement storage and
treatment facilities shall be designed and operated so that the
underground and surface water is protected against pollution. The
pollutant emission of the cultivation farm shall conform to GB 18596.
9 Aquatic farming
9.1 Conversion period
9.1.1 The conversion period from conventional breeding to organic
breeding for cultivation farms with enclosed water bodies shall be at
least 12 months. The conversion period shall be calculated starting from
the date of submitting the application for certification by producer to
certification authorities.
9.1.2 Different parts of a production unit in the same enclosed water
body shall not be certified separately. Organic certification is
obtainable only when the entire water body complies to the standards for
organic certification.
9.1.3 If a production unit cannot carry out organic conversion
simultaneously for all aquatic farming water bodies under its
jurisdiction, a strict parallel production management system must be
formulated. Such management system shall satisfy the following
requirements:
a）Physical isolation measures must be taken between organic breeding
units and conventional breeding units. The organic breeding area of
fixed aquatic organisms must be kept away from conventional breeding
area, conventional agricultural or industrial pollution with a certain
distance.
> b）Organic aquatic farming system, including water quality, feedstuff,
> medicine, input materials and other factors relating to standards
> shall be available for inspection by the certification authorities.
c. The documents and records of conventional production system and
organic production system shall be established separately.
d. Converted organic cultivation farms shall carry out continuous
organic management and shall not be shifted between organic and
conventional management.
9.1.4 Wild sessile organisms in open water catching areas can be
certified directly as organic aquatic products in the following
conditions:
a）Water body is not affected by objectionable substances mentioned in
this part. Water quality conforms to corresponding national standards;
b）Aquatic ecosystem is stable and sustainable;
c）Water quality, feedstuff, medicine dosage and other standard
requirements of the water area can be checked.
9.1.5 Conventionally bred aquatic organisms are allowed to be
introduced, but the certification is available only after a
corresponding conversion period. When introducing non-native species,
possible permanent damage to the local ecological system shall be
avoided.
Introduction of genetically modified organism is prohibited.
9.1.6 All introduced aquatic organisms must be bred in organic mode at
least for two third of the culture cycle.
9.2 Site selection of cultivation farm
9.2.1 In site selection for a cultivation farm, the balance of aquatic
ecological environment of the cultivation farm and neighboring aquatic
and terricolous ecological system shall be considered, together with
maintaining of organism diversity of local water area. Organic aquatic
farm shall be free from adverse effects by pollution sources and
conventional aquatic farms.
9.2.2 Breeding area and catching area must be defined clearly for
convenient inspection of water quality, feedstuff, medicine and other
factors.
9.3 Water quality
Water quality of organic aquatic farm must conform to GB 11607.
9.4 Artificial breeding
9.4.1 Basic breeding requirements
9.4.1.1 Breeding method suitable to the physiologic habit of the objects
and local conditions shall be adopted. Breeding techniques shall
guarantee the health and satisfy the basic living needs of the breeding
objects. Permanent aeration breeding shall be prohibited.
9.4.1.2 Effective measures must be taken to prevent aquatic organisms of
other breeding systems from entering the organic cultivation farm, and
prevent aquatic organisms of the organic cultivation farm from entering
other breeding water bodies.
9.4.1.3 Any artificial injury measure to the breeding objects is
prohibited.
9.4.1.4 Lighting time can be extended artificially. But the time of
sunshine shall not exceed 16h.
9.4.1.5 Paint and chemical synthetic substances are prohibited to be
used on building materials and production equipment for aquatic farming,
to avoid nuisance to environment or organisms.
9.4.2 Feedstuff
9.4.2.1 Feedstuff for organic aquatic products must be organic, wild or
permitted by certification authorities. When the quantity or quality of
organic or wild feedstuff cannot meet requirements, conventional
feedstuff not exceeding 5% of total feedstuff amount (in dry matter) can
be used. In case of unpredictable situations, conventional feedstuff not
exceeding 20% of the annual feedstuff amount (in dry matter) can be
used.
9.4.2.2 In feedstuff system, at least 50% of animal protein must be come
from byproducts of food processing or other substances unfit for human
consuming. In case of unpredictable situations, the proportion can be
lowered to 30% for the year.
9.4.2.3 Natural mineral additives, vitamins and trace elements are
allowed to use. Human excrement is prohibited to use. Direct use of
animal manure without treatment is prohibited.
9.4.2.4 The following substances are prohibited to be added in feedstuff
or provided to aquatic organisms in any way:
a）Synthetic growth promoters;
b）Synthetic phagostimulant;
c）Synthetic antioxidant and preservative;
d）Synthetic pigment;
e）Non-protein nitrogen (such as urea);
f）Organisms and their products of the same family as the breeding
objects;
g）Feedstuff extracted with chemical solvents;
h）Chemically purified aminoacid;
i）Genetically modified organisms or their products.
In special weather conditions, synthetic feedstuff preservatives are
allowed to use, provided that prior approval is obtained from
certification authorities, for the period and in the dosage as specified
by certification authorities according to specific circumstances.
9.4.3 Disease control
9.4.3.1 The health of breeding objects shall be guaranteed mainly
through preventive measures (such as optimized management and feeding).
All management measures shall be conducted to enhance disease
resistance.
9.4.3.2 Breeding density shall be controlled so as to keep the health of
aquatic organisms and prevent behavioral abnormality. Regular biologic
density and water quality monitoring must be carried out.
9.4.3.3 Sterilization to breeding water body and pond bottom by using
calcined lime, bleaching powder, tea seed cake and potassium
permanganate is allowed to prevent aquatic organism diseases.
Antibiotic, chemical synthetic antiparasitic agent or other fishery
medicines are prohibited to use for sterilization.
9.4.3.4 For diseased aquatic organisms, natural treatment shall be
adopted in priority.
9.4.3.5 In case of failure of preventive measures and natural therapy,
conventional fishery medicines are allowed to use for aquatic organisms.
During conventional medication, the diseased organisms (aquatic
products) must be isolated.
Aquatic organisms treated with conventional medicines cannot be sold as
organic aquatic organisms before two withholding periods after the
medicine use.
9.4.3.6 The use of antibiotic, chemical synthetic fishery medicines and
hormones for routine disease prevention of aquatic products shall be
prohibited. The health status of aquatic product seedlings shall be
checked regularly.
9.4.3.7 In case of danger of some kind of diseases that cannot be
controlled through other management techniques, or specified by state
laws, vaccination can be made to aquatic organisms. No genetically
modified vaccine is allowed to use.
9.4.4 Reproduction
9.4.4.1 The physiologic and behavior characteristics of aquatic
organisms shall be respected and the interference to them minimized.
Natural reproduction shall be encouraged. Non-natural reproduction
methods, such as artificial insemination and artificial hatching, etc.,
are restrained. The use of triploid, parthenogenesis reproduction and
genetic engineering is prohibited in aquatic organism reproduction.
9.4.4.2 Varieties suitable for local conditions and strong in hardiness
shall be selected as far as possible. If aquatic organism introduction
is necessary, priority shall be given to those from organic production
systems.
9.5 Catching
9.5.1 The catching amount of organic aquatic products shall not exceed
the reproduction capability of the ecological system and shall not
affect the continuous production of the natural water area and the
existence of other species.
9.5.2 Moderate catching measures shall be taken to minimize stress and
adverse effects to aquatic organisms.
9.5.3 The size of catching tools shall conform to relevant national
regulations.
9.6 Transport of fresh and live aquatic products
9.6.1 The objects of transport shall be managed by special persons
during transport to keep them in good health.
9.6.2 The water quality, water temperature, oxygen content, pH value and
loading density of aquatic organisms shall be suitable to the
requirements of the species transported.
9.6.3 The transport distance and frequency shall be minimized.
9.6.4 Transport equipment and materials shall be free from potential
poisonous effects to the organisms.
9.6.5 Use of chemical synthetic depressants or stimulants are prohibited
before and during transport.
9.6.6 Transport time shall normally not exceed 4h. The objects of
transport shall be protected against avoidable impacts and physical
injuries.
9.7 Slaughter of aquatic animals
9.7.1 In the process of slaughtering, the suffering of aquatic animals
shall be minimized by making them in insentient status before slaughter.
The equipment shall be regularly checked and kept in good working
conditions to ensure that the aquatic animals can be made quickly
insentient or dead. Regular maintenance shall be made to gas or
electrical slaughter equipment.
9.7.2 Physiology and behaviors of aquatic animals shall be fully
considered in management and techniques of slaughter, which shall
conform to ordinary moral standards.
9.7.3 Live aquatic animals shall be kept away from dead or being
slaughtered aquatic animals.
9.7.4 After aquatic animals arrive at the destination, a certain
recovery period shall be given, before slaughter.
9.8 Environmental impacts
9.8.1 Drainage of enclosed water body shall be approved by local
environment protective administrations.
9.8.2 Agricultural comprehensive utilization of substrate sludge of
enclosed water body is encouraged.
9.8.3 Pollution to water body shall be avoided and minimized in organic
aquatic organism breeding in open water.
10 Bees and their products
10.1 Conversion period
Organic certification for bees and their products can be obtained only
after a conversion period of at least 12 months.
10.2 Honey collection range
10.2.1 Bee culture makes important contributions to environment,
agricultural and forestry production through bee pollination. Bee farm
shall be in an organic agricultural production area or a natural (wild)
area without using objectionable substances for at least three years.
10.2.2 There shall be ample nectar plants and clean water sources within
a range of 3km away from the bee hive (box).
10.2.3 Bee hives must be kept away from florescent conventional crops
and possible pollution sources, such as urban area, highways, refuse
ground, chemical plant, pesticide plant, etc., and also kept away from
possible genetically modified crop plantation area, with an actual
distance not less than 3km.
10.2.4 In wild areas, considerations shall be taken to the impacts to
local insect population.
10.2.5 The bee keeping range shall be defined and the drawing of bee
hive location shall be worked out.
10.3 Feeding of bees
10.3.1 After honey harvest period, there shall be sufficient honey and
pollen in honey combs for winter.
10.3.2 In non-honey collection seasons, bees shall be provided with
sufficient food with organic certification, preferably from the same
production unit.
10.3.3 In case of starvation, organic syrup or molasses are allowed for
artificial feeding. If organic syrup or molasses is unavailable,
conventional syrup or molasses can be used for feeding with approval by
certification authorities.
10.3.4 Artificial feeding can only be carried out between the finish of
the last honey harvest and 15d before the next nectar flow period.
10.4 Disease control
10.4.1 The health and living conditions of bee colony shall be
guaranteed mainly by bee hive sanitation and management to prevent
diseases and pests. The specific measures include:
a）Select the strong breed suitable to local conditions;
b）Renew queen bee when necessary;
c）Regularly clean and sterilize the facilities;
d）Regularly replace bee wax;
e）Reserve sufficient pollen and honey in bee hive;
f）Make systematic inspection for bee hive;
g）System control of worker bees in the bee hive;
h）When necessary, move the diseased bee hive to a isolated area;
i）Destroy the contaminated materials and bee hives.
10.4.2 In case of diseases and pests, plant or plant-origin treatment or
homeopathy shall be adopted in priority.
10.4.3 In case of failure of plant or plant-origine treatment or
homeopathy, the following substances are allowed in disease controlling:
a）Caustic soda;
b）Lactic acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid;
c）Formic acid;
d）Sulphur;
e）Natural essences (such as menthol, eucalyptol or natural camphor,
etc.);
f）Bacillus thuringiensis;
g）Steam and flame sterilization is allowed for bee hive.
10.4.4 The diseased bee hive shall be moved to an isolated area far away
from healthy bee hives.
10.4.5 The bee hives and materials seriously infected by diseases shall
be destroyed.
10.4.6 Antibiotics or chemical synthetic medicines are prohibited for
bee diseases prevention and treatment, except when the health of the
whole bee colony is threatened. The bee hives treated by using such
medicines shall be immediately removed from organic production for
renewed conversion, and the bee products of the current year shall not
be certified as organic products.
10.4.7 Each medication treatment shall be clearly recorded (medicine,
effective pharmacological composition, diagnostic result, dosage,
method, treatment duration and withholding period, etc.), and reported
to the concerned authorities before selling the products as organic
products.
10.4.8 The use of chemical synthetic medicines is prohibited for
preventive treatment.
10.4.9 Swarm of drone is allowed to be killed only when it is infected
by mites.
10.4.10 In nectar flow and bloom periods, never use any medicine for
honey treatment.
10.5 Feeding of queen bee and bee colony
10.5.1 Intercross breeding of different types of bees shall be
encouraged.
10.5.2 Selective breeding is allowed, but artificial insemination to
queen bee is prohibited.
10.5.3 To prevent diseases, queen bee shall be nurtured in the farm.
10.5.4 Killing of old queen bee is allowed for queen bee replacement,
but wing cutting is not allowed.
10.5.5 Introduced bee colony shall come from organic production units as
far as possible. Conventionally bred bees are allowed to be introduced
by the amount not exceeding 10% of the bee colony each year.
10.5.6 It is prohibited to catch and kill bee swarms in autumn.
10.6 Bee wax and bee hive
10.6.1 Bee wax of organic bees must come from organic beekeeping units;
For bee farms in conversion period, if organic bee wax is unavailable,
conventional bee wax is allowed to use with approval by certification
authorities. If not all bee wax can be replaced in one year, the
conversion period can be extended with consent by certification
authorities.
10.6.2 The bee wax processing method shall be guaranteed to produce
organic bee wax for organic bee farms.
10.6.3 It is prohibited to use bee wax from unknown sources.
10.6.4 Bee hives shall be made with natural materials (such as wood
without chemical treatment, etc.). Never use any poisonous materials.
10.7 Harvest and treatment of bee products
10.7.1 Bee hive management and honey collection shall be carried out
with the aim of protecting and maintaining bee colony; It is prohibited
to kill bee colony for yield improvement.
10.7.2 Never use chemical repellents in honey collection. Air blowing or
natural smoking substances conforming to this part is allowed to use to
drive bees out of bee hive with fog generators. The times and amounts of
smoke shall be minimized.
10.7.3 In bee products extraction and processing, the heating
temperature shall not exceed 47 degrees Celsius, and the heating process
shall be as short as possible.
10.7.4 Mechanical bee hive uncovering shall be use, instead of heating
method.
10.7.5 Precipitation impurities shall be removed away from honey by
gravity. If fine mesh filter is used, the mesh shall be greater than or
equal to 0.2mm.
10.7.6 All surfaces contacting hony shall be of stainless steel, glass,
ceramic, porcelain enamel and other corrosion resistant materials, or
covered with bee wax, or coated with paint permitted for food and drinks
package and covered with bee wax.
10.7.7 Honey extraction facilities must be protected against entrance by
bees to prevent bee from stealing honey and spreading diseases.
10.7.8 Extraction facilities shall be cleaned with hot water each day.
10.7.9 Honey centrifuge room and packaging room shall be fully enclosed
against pests.
10.7.10 Only physical methods can be used in honey harvest and treatment
to prevent pests.
10.7.11 It is prohibited to use cyanide and other chemical synthetic
substances as fumigants.
10.8 Storage of bee products
10.8.1 Finished honey products shall be stored in sealed packages and
kept at a stable temperature to avoid deterioration.
10.8.2 It is prohibited to use naphthalene or other chemical synthetic
substances to control bee wax moth or other pests for storage of honey
and bee products.
## Annex A
## Substances allowed for use in soil fertility buildup and improvement in organic crop plantation
Table A.1 Substances allowed for use in soil fertility buildup and
improvement in organic crop plantation
--------------- --------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
Substances Name, components and Conditions for use
requirements
I. Origin of Organic Crop stalks and green
plants and agriculture manure
animals system
Livestock and poultry
excrement and
composting (including
barnyard manure)
Stalks Mixed with animal manure
in piles for sufficient
maturity
Livestock and poultry Meet composting
excrement and their requirements
composting
Dry farmyard manure Meet composting
and dewatered requirements
livestock manure
Seaweed or seaweed Without chemical
products produced treatment
through physical
methods
Timber, bark, sawdust, Ground covered or piled
paring, wood ash, as organic fertilizer
charcoal and humic source
acid substance from
wood not chemically
treated
Meat, bone and After composting or
skin/hair products fermentation treatment
with no preservative
agent
Compost of mushroom Meet composting
cultivation waste and requirements
earthworm incubation
media
Byproducts of food After composting or
industry without fermentation treatment
synthetic additive
Plant ash
Turf without synthetic It is prohibited to be
additive used for soil
improvement; and only
allowed to use as pot
culture media
Cake and meal Not chemically processed
Fish meal With no chemical
synthetic substances
II\. Mineral Phosphorus ore Natural, physically
source obtained, with cadmium
content less than or
equal 90mg/kg in
phosphoric anhydride
Kalium powder Physically obtained
without chemical
concentration. Chlorine
content is less than 60%
Boric acid rock
Trace elements Natural substances or
substances not
chemically treated with
no chemical synthetic
substances
Magnesium Natural substances or
powder substances not
chemically treated with
no chemical synthetic
substances
Crude sulfur
Limestone, Natural substances or
gypsum and substances not
chalk chemically treated with
no chemical synthetic
substances
Clay (such as Natural substances or
perlite, substances not
vermiculite) chemically treated with
no chemical synthetic
substances
Calcium
chloride,
sodium chloride
Kiln ash Substances not
chemically treated with
no chemical synthetic
substances
Calcium
magnesium
modifier
Epsom salt
(hydrous
sulfuric acid)
III\. Biodegradable
Microorganism microorganism
source processing
byproducts,
such as
byproducts from
wine making and
liquor
distilling
industries
Preparation of
microorganism
in natural
existence
--------------- --------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
## Annex B
## Substances and measures allowed for use in plant protection in organic crop plantation
Table B.1 Substances and measures allowed for use in plant protection in
organic crop plantation
------------ -------------------------------------- --------------------
Substances Name, components and requirements Conditions for use
I. Origin of Nim tree extracts and their
plants and formulations
animals
Pyrethrum (extract of pyrethrum
plants)
Azadiratin (extract of quassia)
Rotenoid (Derris ellipta)
Kuhseng and their formulation
Vegetable oil and their emulsion
Galenical
Repellent of plant origin (such as
mint, lavender)
Natural attracting agent and
nematocide (such as marigold,
maidenhair)
Natural acid (such as vinegar, wood
vinegar and bamboo vinegar)
Extract of mushroom
Milk and dairy products
Bee wax
Propolis
Gelatin
Lecithin
II\. Mineral Nantokite (such as bluestone, cupric No soil pollution
source hydroxide, chlorine aerugo, cupric
octoate)
Lime sulphur (calcium polysulfide)
Bordeaux mixture
Lime
Sulphur
Potassium permanganate
Potassium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Light mineral oil (paraffin oil)
Calcium chloride
Diatomite
Clay (such as: bentonite, perlite,
vermiculite, zeolite)
Silicate (sodium silicate, quartz)
------------ -------------------------------------- --------------------
Table B.1 (continue)
--------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------
Substances Name, components and requirements Conditions for use
III\. Fungi and fungi formulation (such as
Microorganism Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium
source lecanii )
Bacteria and bacteria formulation
(such as Bacillus thuringiensis, or
BT)
Release of parasitic, predatory and
sterilizing natural enemies of the
pests
Virus and virus formulation (such as:
granulosisvirus)
IV\. Others Calcium hydroxide
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol
Sea salt and brine
Soda
Soft soap (soft soap)
Sulfur dioxide
V. Trap ware, Physical measures (such as color
barrier, trap, mechanical trap)
repellent
Covering (net)
Insect sex pheromone Only for trap and
utensil
Metaldehyde formulation For repelling
higher animals
--------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------
## Annex C
## Drinking water quality requirements for organic livestock and poultry, and sterilizing agents allowable for organic livestock and poultry farms
Table C.1 Drinking Water quality requirements for organic livestock and
poultry
----------------- -------------------------------- ------------- ------------
Items Standard
value
Livestock Poultry
Sensory Chromaticity / (°) ≤ Not exceeding
properties and 30°
normal chemical
indexes
Opacity / (°) ≤ Not exceeding
20°
Smell and odor ≤ No offensive
odor
Visible foreign matter ≤ None
Total 1 500
hardness（CaCO~3~）/（mg/L） ≤
pH ≤ 5.5\~9 6.8\~8.0
Total soluble solids/（mg/L） ≤ 4 000 2 000
Chloride（Cl^－^）/（mg/L） ≤ 1 000 250
Sulfate（SO~4~^2－^）/（mg/L） ≤ 500 250
Bacteriological Total coliform 10 for adult
indicators bacteria/（unit/100mL） ≤ livestock, 1
for pups and
poultry
Toxicological Fluoride（F^－^）/（mg/L） ≤ 2.0 2.0
indicators
Cyanide/（mg/L） ≤ 0.2 0.05
Total arsenium/（mg/L） ≤ 0.2 0.2
Total mercury/（mg/L） ≤ 0.01 0.001
Lead/（mg/L） ≤ 0.1 0.1
Chromium (sexavalence)/（mg/L）≤ 0.1 0.05
Cadmium / (mg/L) ≤ 0.05 0.01
Nitrate（N）/（mg/L） ≤ 30 30
Malathion/（mg/L） ≤ 0.25
Demeton/（mg/L） ≤ 0.03
Methyl parathion/（mg/L） ≤ 0.02
Parathion/（mg/L） ≤ 0.003
Dimethoate/（mg/L） ≤ 0.08
Lindane/（mg/L） ≤ 0.004
Chlorothalonil/（mg/L） ≤ 0.01
Carbary/（mg/L） ≤ 0.05
2，4---D/（mg/L） ≤ 0.1
----------------- -------------------------------- ------------- ------------
Table c.2 Sterilizing agents allowable for organic livestock and poultry
farms
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
Substance name Conditions for use
Soft soap
Water and steam
Lime water
Unslacked lime
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
Natural plant essence
Citric acid
Peracetic acid
Formic acid
Lactic acid
Oxalic acid
Acetic acid
Alcohol
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
## Annex D
## Criteria in evaluation of other substances used in organic production
In case that the products for fertility buildup and control of plant
diseases and insect pests in organic agriculture as listed in Annex A
and Annex B cannot meet the requirements, other substances can be used
according to the evaluation criteria of the Annex.
D.1 Principles
D.1.1 Substances allowable for soil fertility buildup and soil
improvement
D.1.1.1 Substances necessary for reaching or maintaining soil fertility
or satisfying special nutritional requirements, but not replaceable by
using the methods listed in Annex A and in this part.
D.1.1.2 The substances shall come from plants, animals, microorganisms
or minerals, allowable through the following treatments:
a）Physical (mechanical, heat) treatment;
b）Enzyme treatment;
c）Microorganism (composting, digestion) treatment.
D.1.1.3 The use of the substances shall not cause unacceptable impacts
or pollution to the environment, including impacts and pollution to soil
organisms.
D.1.1.4 The use of the substances shall not cause unacceptable impacts
to the quality and security of final products.
D.1.2 The use of allowable substances to control plant diseases, pests
and weeds
D.1.2.1 The substances are necessary for control of pests or special
diseases, with no replaceable biologic, physical methods or plant
breeding methods and (or) effective management techniques to control
such pests or special diseases.
D.1.2.2 The substances (active compounds) shall be originated from
plants, animals, microorganisms or minerals, and may be through the
following treatments:
a）Physical treatment;
b）Enzymatic treatment;
c）Microbiological treatment.
D.1.2.3 The use of the substances shall not cause unacceptable impacts
or pollution to the environment, including impacts and pollution to soil
organisms, as proved with reliable test results.
D.1.2.4 If a substances is insufficient in quantity in its natural form,
a chemical synthetic substance with the same property as the natural
substances, such as chemical synthetic ectohormone (gyplure), can be
considered, provided that the use of it will not directly or indirectly
cause pollution to the environment or products.
D.2 Evaluation procedures
D.2.1 Necessity
Input substances can only be used when necessary. The necessity of
inputting the substance can be evaluated from output, product quality,
environmental safety, ecological protection, landscape, human and animal
living conditions, etc.
The use of input substances can be restrained to:
a. Special crop (especially perennial crop);
b. Special areas;
c. Special conditions for the use of the input substances.
D.2.2 Property and production process of the input substances
D.2.2.1 Property of input substances
The source of input substance shall normally be (in preferred sequence):
a. Organic matters (plants, animals, microorganisms);
b. Minerals.
Chemical synthetic substances equivalent to native products can be used.
Where possible, priority shall be given to regenerable input substances.
Secondarily, mineral originated input substances shall be selected; and
the third selection shall be those that have equivalent chemical
property as natural products. In using input substances with equivalent
chemical property, the ecological, technical and economic reasons shall
be considered.
D.2.2.2 Production methods
Ingredients of input substance can be subject to the following
treatments:
a. Mechanical treatment;
b. Physical treatment;
c. Enzyme treatment;
d. Microbial action treatment;
e. Chemical treatment (as exception with restriction).
D.2.2.3 Collection
The collection of raw materials of input substance shall not affect the
stability of natural environment and the existence of any species in the
collection area.
D.2.3 Environmental safety
Input substances shall not hazard the environment or produce persistent
negative effects to the environment. Input substances shall not produce
unacceptable pollution to surface water, groundwater, air or soil.
Evaluation shall be carried out for the processing, use and
decomposition of such substances.
The following properties of the input substances must be considered:
D.2.3.1 Degradability
All input substances must be degradable into carbon dioxide, water and
(or) their mineral form.
The half life of non-target organism input substances with high acute
toxicity shall not exceed 5d.
For non-poisonous natural substances, there is no degradation time
limit.
D.2.3.2 Acute toxicity for non-target organisms
In case that the acute toxicity of input substance is high to non-target
organism, the use shall be restrained. Measures shall be taken to
guarantee the existence of non-target organisms. The maximum allowable
amount can be specified. If the existence of non-target organisms cannot
be guaranteed, the input substances shall not be used.
D.2.3.3 Long-term chronic toxicity
Input substances that may build up in organism or biological system
shall not be used. Input substances that are known or suspicious of
having mutagenicity or carcinogenicity shall not be used. If the input
of such substances may produce dangers, measures shall be taken to
reduce such dangers to an acceptable level and prevent long time,
continuous negative impacts to the environmental.
D.2.3.4 Chemical synthetic products and heavy metals
Input substances shall not contain chemical synthetic substances
(heteroplasia compound products) in hazardous amounts. Only if the
properties are fully identical to natural products, can the chemical
synthetic products be permitted for use.
The heavy metal content in the input mineral substances shall be
minimum. The exceptions include copper and nantokite, which have been
used in organic agriculture for a long-term due to the lack of
substitute. The use of copper in any forms in organic agriculture shall
be deemed as provisional, and shall be restrained to avoid environmental
impacts.
D.2.4 Impacts to human health and product quality
D.2.4.1 Human health
Input substances must be harmless to human health. All possibilities of
the input substances in processing, use and degradation shall be
considered, and measures shall be taken to minimize the risks of using
input substances. Standards for using input substances in organic
agriculture shall be formulated.
D.2.4.2 Product quality
Input substances shall have no negative impacts to product quality (such
as taste, shelf life and appearance quality, etc.).
D.2.5 In ethic \-- animals living conditions
Input substances shall have no negative impacts to the natural behavior
or physical functions of the animals in the farm.
D.2.6 In social economy
Consumers\' sensory feelings: The input substances shall not cause
consumers of organic products to have any repulsion or antipathy against
the organic products. Consumers may deem that some input substances are
unsafe to environment or human health, even it has not been proven by
scientific fact. The problems of input substances (such as the problems
of genetic engineering) shall not interfere the general senses or
opinions toward natural or organic products.
# Organic Product Part 2： Processing
(GB/T 19630.2)
Foreword
GB/T 19630 \"Organic Product\" is divided into four parts:
\-- Part 1: Production;
\-- Part 2: Processing;
\-- Part 3: Labeling and marketing;
\-- Part 4: Management system.
This part is Part 2 of GB/T 19630.
Annex A of this part is normative and Annex B is informative.
This part was proposed by Certification and Accreditation Administration
of China.
This part was drafted by: Hangzhou Wantai Certification Co., Ltd. and
China Qualification Appraisal National Accreditation Center.
This part was authored by: Lu Zhenhui, Yuan Qing, Chen Yunhua, Xu Na,
Wang Maohua.
1．Scope
This part of GB/T 19630 specifies the general specifications and
requirements for organic processing.
This part is applicable to the overall process of processing, packaging,
storage and transport of the unprocessed products of GB/T 19630.1 as raw
materials.
The organic textile products mentioned in this part are applicable to
the products of cotton or silk fiber materials.
2．Normative reference documents
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in
this part of GB/T 19630, constitute provisions of this part. Any
modification lists (except text corrections) or revisions of the
reference documents with specific date shall not apply to the standard.
But, all parties of agreement based on the standard are encouraged to
discuss if the newer versions of those documents are applicable. All the
latest editions of the referenced documents without date indication are
applicable to this part.
GB 2760 Hygienic Standards for Uses of Food Additives
GB 4287 Discharge standard of water pollutants in textile, dyeing and
finishing industries
GB 5749 Sanitary standard for drinking water
GB 14881---1994 General hygiene specification for food enterprises
GB/T 18885---2002 Technical requirements for ecological textile products
GB/T 19630.1---2005 Organic Product Part 1: Production
3．Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 19630.
3.1 Ingredient
Ingredients: any substance that is used in making or processing foods
and exists in final products (including in a modified form), including
food additives,
3.2 Food additives
Food additives: Chemical synthetic or natural substances added in foods
to improve the quality, color, smell, taste, shape, nutritive value, and
for preservation or as needed in process.
3.3 Food processing aids
Substances or materials (excluding equipment and vessel) used only for a
technical purpose in processing, preparation and treatment processes,
not as food ingredient.
3.4 Ionizing irradiation
Irradiation of radioactive nuclides (such as cobalt 60 and cesium 137),
to control microorganisms, parasites and pests in foods, for the purpose
of food preservation or suppression of physiological processes such as
germination or maturation.
4 Requirements
4.1 Generals
4.1.1 Effective control shall be exercised for the organic processing
and all subsequent processes involved in this part, to maintain the
organic completeness of the processing.
4.1.2 The plant for organic food processing shall conform to GB/T
14881-1994 and other processing plants shall conform to relevant
national and industrial regulations.
4.2 Environment of processing plant
4.2.1 Around the plant, there shall be no dust, harmful gas, radioactive
substance and other diffusive pollution sources; there shall be no
refuse piles, dung yard, outdoor lavatory or infectious disease
hospital; and there shall be no places for massive insect breeding.
4.2.2 Protective belts shall be arranged between the buildings in
production area and exterior highways or roads.
4.2.3 Documents of hygienic control plan shall be formulated to provide
hygienic guarantees as follows:
a）External facilities (dumping site, used equipment store place,
parking lots, etc.);
b）Internal facilities (processing, packaging and storage zone);
c）Processing and packaging equipment (prevent microzyme, mold and
bacterial contamination);
d）Staff hygienic facilities (dining hall, rest room and lavatory).
4.3 Ingredients, additives and processing aids
4.3.1 Ingredients used in processing must be certified organic raw
materials, natural or approved by certification authorities. The mass or
volume of such organic ingredients shall not be less than 95% of the
gross ingredient amount.
4.3.2 When there is no sufficient organic ingredients available,
non-synthesized conventional ingredients are allowed to use but shall
not exceed 5% of gross ingredient amount. Once organic ingredients are
available, organic ingredients shall be used immediately. Processing
plants using non-organic ingredients shall submit their plans for
changing the ingredients into 100% organic ingredients.
4.3.3 It is prohibited to have an ingredient containing simultaneously
organic, conventional or conversion compositions.
4.3.4 Water and edible salt as ingredients must conform to national
hygienic standards for foods, and shall not be deemed as organic
ingredients involved in 4.3.1.
4.3.5 Additives and processing aids in Annex A are allowed to use, with
conditions conforming to GB 2760. Natural additives in GB 2760 are also
allowed to use. Other substances may be used with prior evaluation
according to Annex B.
4.3.6 It is prohibited to use mineral substances (including trace
element), vitamin, aminoacid and other pure substances separated from
animals and plants, except those lawfully specified or seriously lack in
nutritional contents.
4.3.7 It is prohibited to use genetically modified ingredient, additives
and processing aids.
4.4 Processing
4.4.1 Special equipment shall be furnished for organic processing. If it
is necessary to share equipment with conventional processing, the
equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned after conventional processing, and
any detergent residual removed. It may also, after organic conversion or
conventional processing and before organic processing, process a small
amount of organic raw materials to drive out the materials remained in
the equipment in the previous processing (i.e., wash processing). The
products of wash processing shall not be sold as organic products.
Records of wash processing shall be kept.
4.4.2 Mechanical, refrigeration, heating, microwave, smoking and
microorganism fermentation can be adopted, provided that the main
nutritional contents of the food shall not be damaged; Extraction,
concentration, sedimentation and filtration processes can be used. The
extraction solvents shall be liminted to water, ethanol, animal and
vegetable oil, vinegar, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or carboxylic acid
conforming to national hygienic standards for foods. No other chemical
reagent shall be added in extraction and concentration processes.
4.4.3 Water quality shall conform to GB 5749.
4.4.4 It is prohibited to use ionizing irradiation in food processing
and storage processes.
4.4.5 In food processing, it is prohibited to use asbestos filter
material or other filter materials that may be penetrated by harmful
substances.
4.5 Pests control
4.5.1 To prevent pests, the following management measures shall be taken
in priority:
a）Eliminate pest breeding conditions;
b）Prevent pests from contacting the processing and treatment equipment;
c）Prevent reproduction of pests through control of environmental
factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and air.
4.5.2 Pest control facilities or materials of mechanical, pheromone,
smelling and sticking tools, physical barrier, diatomite, acoustic,
optic and electric devices are allowed to use.
4.5.3 Rodenticide with vitamin D as basic effective ingredient is
allowed to use.
4.5.4 Substances in Annex B of GB/T 19630.1-2005 are allowed to use.
4.5.5 In case of emergency when the processing or storage place is
seriously invaded by pests, spraying and fumigating by Chinese medicinal
herbs are encouraged. The use of sulphur shall be restrained. If
conventional fumigants are to be used for processing equipment or
storage places, move all organic products out of the fumigated places.
The organic products can be moved back at least 5d later after the
fumigating. It is prohibited to use persistent and carcinogenesis
disinfectants and fumigants.
4.6 Package
4.6.1 Packing materials of wood, bamboo, plant stems and leaves and
paper shall be used. other packing materials conforming to hygienic
requirements are allowed to use.
4.6.2 Package shall be simple and practical, and not be excessive. The
recovery utilization of packing materials shall be considered.
4.6.3 Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are allowed to use for package
stuffing.
4.6.4 It is prohibited to use packing materials containing synthetic
germicide, preservative agent and fumigant.
4.6.5 It is prohibited to place organic products in packages or
containers used to be in contact with objectionable substances.
4.7 Storage
4.7.1 Certified products shall not be contaminated by other substances
in storage.
4.7.2 Storehouse shall be clean and free from pests or harmful
substances and shall have not been treated with any objectionable
substances in 5 days.
4.7.3 Except storage at normal temperature, the following storage
methods are allowed:
a）Air regulation and control;
b）Temperature control;
c）Drying;
d）Humidity control.
4.7.4 Organic products shall be stored separately. If it is necessary to
store organic products together with conventional products, a special
area shall be marked out in the storehouse and necessary packages and
labels shall be used to guarantee that the organic products can be
recognized from uncertified products.
4.7.5 Complete records and corresponding bills shall be kept for the
inventory and transactions.
4.8 Transport
4.8.1 Before loading organic products, transport vehicles shall be
cleaned.
4.8.2 In transport process, organic products shall be separated from
conventional products or protected against contamination.
4.8.3 During transport and loading and unloading, the organic
certification marks and related instructions shall be kept legible and
intact.
4.8.4 Complete records and corresponding bills shall be kept for the
transport and loading/unloading.
4.9 Environmental impacts
4.9.1 The facilities for waste purification, emission or storage shall
be kept away from production area and shall not be in the upwind
direction of the production area. The storage facilities shall be
enclosed or covered and convenient for cleaning and sterilizing.
4.9.2 Waste emission shall meet corresponding standards.
4.10 Textile products
4.10.1 Raw materials
a）The fibrous materials of textile products shall be of 100% organic.
b）In fiber processing, impacts to environment shall be minimized.
c）The non-textile materials in textile products shall not be harmful to
environment and human being in production, use and waste treatment
process.
4.10.2 Processing
a）Optimal production methods shall be adopted in processing of textile
products, so as to minimize impacts to the environment.
b）It is prohibited to use any substance harmful to human health and
environment. Any accessory ingredient shall not contain any
carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic or sensitization substance, with
mammalian toxicity LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg.
c）It is prohibited to use substances known liable to biological
accumulation and or non-biodegradable.
d）In textile processing, energy consumption shall be minimized and
regenerative resources shall be utilized.
e）If separation of organic processing from conventional processing in
process or equipment may cause evident adverse impacts to environment or
economy, and non-separation will not lead to risks for organic textile
products to contact the circulating fluids (such as those in caustic
pretreating, starching, rinsing processes) for conventional processing,
the non-separation of organic and conventional processes is allowable,
provided that the organic textile products are guaranteed not to be
contaminated by objectionable substances.
f. Effective sewage treatment process shall be adopted to guarantee
that the pollutant concentration in drainage shall not exceed the
data specified in GB 4287.
g. Environmental management improvement plan for production processes
shall be worked out in the year of obtaining organic certification.
h. Surface-active agent used in cocoon boiling or wool scouring shall
be biodegradable.
i. Fluids shall be easily degradable or reusable in the percentage of
at least 80%.
j. In mercerizing process, sodium hydroxide or other alkaline matters
are allowed to use, provided it can be reused for the maximum cyclic
utilization.
k. Textile oil and weaving oil (needle oil) shall be biodegradable or
clean agent extracted from plants.
l. The stipulations in 4.2 for processing plant hygiene, in 4.5 for
pest control, in 4.6 for storage, in 4.7 for transport and in 4.8
for package ar applicable to textile products processing. The
stipulations in 4.3 for ingredients, food additives and processing
aids are not applied to textile products processing.
4.10.3 Dyestuff and dyeing/finishing
a）Plant or mineral origin dyestuff shall be used.
b）It is prohibited to use harmful dyestuff and substances disallowed in
GB/T 18885-2002, such as poisonous aromatic amines, chlorinated phenols,
insecticides, organochlorine carriers, PVC plasticizers and unallowable
fire retardants, etc.
c. Natural printing and dyeing thickening agents are allowed to use.
d. Biodegradable softening agents are allowed to use.
e. It is prohibited to use substances that may form organohalogen
compounds in sewage for cleaning of printing and dyeing equipment.
f. Heavy metal contents in dyestuff shall not exceed the indicated
level in Table 1.
Table 1 Indicators of heavy metal contents in dyestuff
---------- ------------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ------------
Metals Indicated Metals Indicated Metals Indicated
level/ level/ level/
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
Antimony 50 Arsenic 50 Barium 100
Lead 100 Cadmium 20 Chromium 100
Iron 2500 Copper 250 Manganin 1000
Nickel 200 Mercury 4 Selenium 20
Silver 100 Zinc 1500 Tin 250
---------- ------------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ------------
4.10.4 Finished products
a）Auxiliary materials (such as liner, ornaments, button, zipper,
thread, etc.) shall be environment-friendly materials, and preferably
natural materials.
b）No accessory ingredients harmful to human body and environment shall
be used in processing of finished products (such as sand washing and
water washing).
c）The contents of harmful substances in finished products shall not
exceed the stipulations in GB/T 18885-2002.
## Annex A
## Non-agricultural origin ingredients and additives allowed to use in organic food processing
A.1 non-agricultural origin food additives and processing aids
Table A.1 Non-agricultural origin food additives and processing aids
----- ---------------- ----------------------------------------- -------
No. Substance Descriptions INS
1 Agar Thickener for foods 406
2 Gum Arabic Thickener, for drinks, chocolate, ice 414
cream, jam.
3 Calcium Swelling agent, additive and processing 170
carbonate aid, for flour, 30 mg/kg^a）^.
4 Calcium chloride Hardener, for bean products. 509
5 Calcium Additive and sugar processing aid for 526
hydroxide corn meal.
6 Calcium sulfate Stabilizer, hardener, for flour and bean 516
(natural) products.
7 Active carbon Processing aid.
8 Carbon dioxide Preservative agent, processing aid, 290
non-petroleum products. For soda drinks,
sparkling wine.
9 Citric acid Acidity regulator, carbohydrate product 330
of microorganism fermentation. For foods.
10 Bentonite Dipping or filtration aid.
(bentonite,
bentonite)
11 Kaolin Clarification or filtration aid. 559
12 Diatomite Filtration adjuvant.
13 Ethanol Solvent.
14 Lactic acid Acidity regulator, no genetically 270
modified, for foods.
15 Magnesium Stabilizer and hardener, for bean
chloride products.
(natural)
16 Malic acid Acidity regulator, no genetically 296
modified. For foods
17 Nitrogen For food preservation, only non-petroleum 941
origin allowed to use.
18 Perlite Filtration aid.
19 Potassium Acidity regulator, only allowed to use 501
carbonate when natural sodium carbonate is
available, for paste products.
20 Potassium For mineral drinks, sports drinks, low 508
chloride sodium salt soy sauce, low sodium salt.
21 Potassium Acidity regulator, for foods 332
citrate
22 Sodium carbonate Acidity regulator, for flour foods, 500
cookies.
23 Sodium citrate Acidity regulator, for foods. 331
24 Tartaric acid Acidity regulator, for foods. 334
25 Xanthan gum Thickener, for jelly, fancy sauce. 415
26 Sulfur dioxide Bleacher, for port wine, fruit wine. 220
27 Potassium Bleacher, for beer. 224
bisulfite
(potassium
metabisulfite)
28 Ascorbic acid Antioxidant, for beer, fermented flour 300
(vitamin c) products.
29 Lecithin Antioxidant. 322
30 Ammonium Processing aid.
phosphate
31 Pectin Thickener for foods. 440
----- ---------------- ----------------------------------------- -------
Table A.1 (continued)
------------ -------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------
No. Substance Descriptions INS
32 Magnesium Processing aids, for flour processing. 504
carbonateMagnesium
carbonate
33 Sodium hydroxide Acidity regulator, processing aid. 524
34 Silicon dioxide Anticaking agent, for egg powder, powdered 551
milk, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, powdered
sugar, vegetable powder, instant coffee,
powdered soup, powder essence.
35 Talc Processing aid. 553
36 Gelatin Thickener for foods.
37 Sodium alginate Thickener for foods. 401
38 Potassium alginate Thickener for foods. 402
39 Ammonium bicarbonate Swelling agent, for foods. 503
40 Argon For food preservation. 938
41 Egg white protein Processing aid.
42 Guar gum Thickener for foods 412
43 Locust bean gum Thickener, for jelly, ice cream, jam. 410
44 Oxygen Processing aid. 948
45 Potassium bitartrate Swelling agent, for baking powder. 336
46 Tannin Alcoholic filtration aid. 184
47 Carrageenin Thickener for foods. 407
48 Carnauba wax Processing aid. 903
49 Casein Processing aid.
50 Mica (talcum) Processing aid (stuffing).
51 Vegetable oil Processing aid.
^a）^The
value is the
maximum
amount
specified in
GB 2760. For
substances
without the
maximum
dosage
specified, a
proper
amount can
be used as
necessary.
------------ -------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------
A.2 Seasonings
a）Essential oil: Natural spices extracted through mechanical and
physical methods with oil, water, alcohol, carbon dioxide as solvent;
b）Natural smoky flavor seasonings;
c）Natural seasonings: shall be evaluated and approved according to the
criteria for additives and processing aids evaluation in Annex B.
A.3 Microorganisms products
a）Natural microorganisms and their products: except genetic engineering
organisms and their products;
b）Ferments: without using bleacher and organic solvent in production
process.
A.4 Other ingredients
a）Drinking water;
b）Table salt;
c）Mineral substances (including trace elements) and vitamins; only when
lawfully specified or seriously lack in food proved with conclusive
evidences.
## Annex B
## Criteria of evaluation for organic food additives and processing aids
The food additives and processing aids listed in Annex A may not cover
all substances conforming to organic production principles. If a
substance is not listed in Annex A, the certification authorities shall
make evaluation to the substance according to the following criteria, so
as to determine if it is suitable to use in organic food processing.
B.1 Necessity
Each additive and processing aid can only be allowed to use in organic
food production when necessary and the following principles shall be
observed:
a）Observe the organic trueness of the products.
b）The products cannot be produced and preserved without such additives
and processing aids.
B.2 Conditions for approval of additives and processing aids
The approval of additives and processing aids shall satisfy the
following conditions:
a）There is no other acceptable process available for processing or
preserving the organic products.
b）The use of additives or processing aids shall play a role of
minimizing the physical or mechanical damage to the food, which may be
possibly caused by adopting other processes.
c）The food hygiene cannot be effectively guaranteed by adopting other
methods, such as shortening transport time or improving storage
facilities.
d）Such additives or processing aids cannot be substituted by natural
materials in quality and quantity.
e）The additives or processing do not endanger the organic integrality
of the products.
f）The use of additives or processing aids may not give consumers a
impression that the quality of final product is better than that of the
raw materials and make consumers confused. This mainly involves, but not
limited to, pigments and spices.
g）The use of additives and processing aids shall not affect the general
quality of the product.
B.3 Order of priority of using additives and processing aids
B.3.1 The following proposals shall be selected in priority to
substitute for the use of additives or processing aids:
a）Crops and their processed products produced according to standard
requirements of organic certification, and such products need no other
additional substance such as flour as thickener or vegetable oil as
lubricating agent.
b）Plant and animal origin foods or raw materials produced only with
mechanical or simple physical methods, such as salt.
B.3.2 Secondary selection is:
a）Simple food composites produced by using physical method or enzyme,
such as starch, tartrate and pectin.
b）Products and microorganisms purified from non-agricultural origin raw
materials, such as acerola fruit juice, yeast cultured materials and
other enzymes and microbiological products.
B.3.3 The following additives and processing aids are not allowed to use
in organic foods:
a）Substances \"equivalent\" to natural substances in property.
b）Synthetic substances being basically deemed as non-natural or \"new
structure of food composite\", such as acetyl crosslinked starch.
c）Additives or processing aids produced by using genetic engineering
methods.
d）Synthetic dyestuff and synthetic preservative agent.
The carriers and preservative agents used in preparation of additives
and processing aids shall also be considered.
# Organic products --- Part 3 : Labeling and marketing
(GB/T 19630.3)
Foreword
GB/T 19630 \"Organic Product\" is divided into four parts:
\-- Part 1: Production;
\-- Part 2: Processing;
\-- Part 3: Labeling and marketing;
\-- Part 4: Management system.
This part is Part 3 of GB/T 19630.
This part was proposed by Certification and Accreditation Administration
of China.
This part was drafted by: China Standardization Research Institute and
China Qualification Appraisal National Accreditation Center.
This part was authored by: Yang Li, Liu Wen, Wang Maohua, Chen Yunhua,
Xu Na.
1．Scope
This part of GB/T 19630 specifies the general specifications and
requirements for labeling and marketing of organic products.
This part is applicable to labeling and marketing of products produced
or processed according to GB/T 19630.1, GB/T 19630.2 and awarded with
certification.
2．Normative reference documents
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in
this part of GB/T 19630, constitute provisions of this part. Any
modification lists (except text corrections) or revisions of the
reference documents with specific date shall not apply to this part.
But, all parties of agreement based on this part are encouraged to
discuss if the newer versions of those documents are applicable. All the
latest editions of the referenced documents without date indication are
applicable to this part.
GB/T 19630.1 Organic Product Part 1: Production
GB/T 19630.2 Organic Product Part 2: Processing
GB/T 19630.4 Organic Product Part 4: Management system
3\. Terminologies and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 19630.
3.1 Labeling
Marks in written or printed words or graphics on products, package of
products, label of products or descriptive materials provided together
with the products.
3.2 Certification mark
Special symbol, pattern or combination of symbol, pattern and words
certifying that the product is produced or processed conforming to
organic standards and passed the certification.
3.3 Marketing
Wholesale, direct marketing, exhibiting and selling, marketing on
commission, distributing, retailing or other activities to put the
products into market.
4 General rules of labeling
4.1 Organic products shall be labeled according to related national
laws, regulations and standards.
4.2 The term \"organic\" and the mark of China Organic Product
Certification can only be used for labeling of organic products produced
and processed according to GB/T 19630.1, GB/T 19630.2 and GB/T 19630.4,
unless the meaning of \"organic\" is completely not related to this
part.
4.3 Products without organic product certification shall not use the
label of organic product certification.
4.4 The texts, graphics or symbols in the label shall be legible and
distinct. The graphics and symbols shall be illustrative and normalized.
The texts, graphics and symbols shall be in contrast color against the
background.
4.5 The texts in the label shall be normalized Chinese characters
conforming to national regulations. Corresponding Pinyin, foreign
language or texts of ethnic minorities can be simultaneously used, but
the font size of such texts shall not be greater than that of the
Chinese characters.
4.6 The labeling and organic product certification labels of imported
organic products shall also conform to this part.
4.7 Products for export or produced according to foreign organic
standards or on request by foreign buyer can be labeled according to the
requirements by the country or the buyer.
5 Requirements of product labeling
5.1 Only products produced according to national standards for organic
products and awarded with organic product certification can be prefixed
with \"organic\" on the product name, with China organic product
certification label attached on the products or package, accompanied
with label or name of the certification authorities.
5.2 Only products processed with the organic ingredient content equal or
higher than 95% and awarded with organic product certification can be
prefixed with \"organic\" on the product name, with China organic
product certification label attached on the products or package,
accompanied with label or name of the certification authorities.
5.3 Only products processed with the organic ingredient content equal or
higher than 95% and awarded with organic conversion product
certification can be prefixed with \"organic conversion\" on the product
name, with China organic conversion product certification label attached
on the products or package, accompanied with label or name of the
certification authorities. The label of certification authorities shall
not contain any contents that may mislead consumers to deem organic
conversion products as organic products.
5.4 Products processed with organic ingredient content lower than 95%
but equal or higher than 70% can be prefixed with \"organic ingredient
production\" on the product name, together with statement of proportions
of organic ingredients as certified.
5.5 Products processed with organic ingredient content lower than 95%
but equal or higher than 70%, with the organic ingredients are products
in conversion period, can be prefixed with \"organic conversion
ingredient production\" on the product name, together with statement of
proportions of organic conversion ingredients as certified.
5.6 Products processed with organic ingredient content lower than 70%
can only be stated with the certified organic ingredients as \"organic\"
in the ingredient list, together with the proportions of organic
ingredients.
5.7 Products processed with organic ingredient content lower than 70%,
with the organic ingredients being products in conversion period, can
only be state with \"organic conversion\" for the certified ingredients
in the ingredient list, together with statement of proportions of
organic conversion ingredients.
6 Calculation of percentage of organic ingredients
6.1 For solid organic products, the percentage of organic ingredients
shall be calculated with equation (1):
Organic ingredient percentage=
×100%...（1）
6.2 For liquid organic products, the percentage of organic ingredients
shall be calculated according to equation (2) (for those resembled from
concentrates, the percentage of organic ingredients shall be based on
the finished ingredients and products):
Organic ingredient percentage=
×100%.........（2）
6.3 For organic products in solid and liquid formas, the percentage of
organic ingredients shall be calculated with equation (3):
Organic ingredient percentage=
×100%......（2）
6.4 The percentage of organic ingredients shall be rounded to integer.
7 Mark of China Organic Product Certification
7.1 The marks of China Organic Product Certification and China Organic
Conversion Product Certification shall only be used for organic products
or organic conversion products produced or processed according to
national organic product standards and certified by certification
authorities.
7.2 The graphics and color of China Organic Product Certification and
China Organic Conversion Product Certification shall be as shown in Fig.
1 and Fig. 2.
{width="2.2125in" height="2.89375in"}
Fig. 1 Mark of China Organic Product Certification
{width="2.1979166666666665in"
height="2.9166666666666665in"}
Fig. 2 Mark of China Organic Conversion Product Certification
7.3 The printed marks of China Organic Product Certification and China
Organic Conversion Product Certification shall be legible and distinct.
7.4 Marks of China Organic Product Certification and China Organic
Conversion Product Certification printed in product labels, instruction
books and advertising materials can be varied in size but shall not be
deformed or changed in color.
8 Mark of certification authorities
8.1 The mark and name of organic product certification authorities shall
be printed legibly.
8.2 The mark of organic product certification authorities shall only be
used for products produced or processed according to national organic
product standards and certified by the certification authorities.
8.3 The graphics or texts of the mark of certification authorities shall
not be larger than the marks of China Organic Product Certification or
China Organic Conversion Product Certification.
9 Marketing requirements
9.1 To ensure the integrality and traceability of organic products, the
following measures shall be taken by seller in marketing process:
------Avoid mixing organic products with non-organic products;
------Prevent organic products from contacting substances not allowed to
use in this part;
------Keep records of purchase, transport, storage, inventory and
selling of organic products.
9.2 In purchase of organic products, the dealers shall ask for
certification materials of organic product certification. For products
with organic ingredients lower than 95% and labeled with \"organic
ingredients production\", the certification materials shall include
information on the origin of organic products.
9.3 Verify the validity of the organic product certification and keep
the photocopies of the certificate.
9.4 Provide special zone or special showcase for organic products,
separated from non-organic products.
9.5 Display the photocopy of certificate of organic product
certification in a visible place in the special zone or special showcase
for organic products.
9.6 Do not sell products not conforming to the labeling requirements of
this part in GB/T 19630 as organic products.
# Organic Product Part 4： Management System
(GB/T 19630.4)
#
Foreword
GB/T 19630 \"Organic Product\" is divided into four parts:
\-- Part 1: Production;
\-- Part 2: Processing;
\-- Part 3: Labeling and marketing;
\-- Part 4: Management system.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T 19630.
This part was proposed by Certification and Accreditation Administration
of China.
This part was drafted by: Zhonglu Huaxia Organic Food Certification
Center and China Qualification Appraisal National Accreditation Center.
This part was authored by: Guo Chunmin, Li Xianjun, Gao Xiuwen, Shi
Songkai, Wang Maohua, Chen Yunhua, Xu Na.
1．Scope
This part of GB/T 19630 specifies general specifications and
requirements for the management system to be established and maintained
in production, processing and marketing of organic products.
This part is applicable to producers, processors, handlers and related
supply links of organic products.
2．Normative reference documents
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in
this part of GB/T 19630, constitute provisions of this part. Any
modification lists (except text corrections) or revisions of the
reference documents with specific date shall not apply to this part.
But, all parties of agreement based on this part are encouraged to
discuss if the newer versions of those documents are applicable. All the
latest editions of the referenced documents without date indication are
applicable to this part.
GB/T 19630.1 Organic Product Part 1: Production
GB/T 19630.2 Organic Product Part 2: Processing
GB/T 19630.3 Organic Products Part 3: Labeling and marketing
3．Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 19630.
3.1 Organic producer
Units or individuals dealing in organic plantation, breeding and wild
products collection according to this part, having obtained the
certification by organic certification authorities for their production
units and products and the approval for using organic product mark on
the products.
3.2 Organic processor
Units or individuals dealing in processing of organic products, having
obtained the certification by organic certification authorities for
their process units and products and the approval for using organic
product mark on the products.
3.3 Organic handler
Units or individuals dealing in transport, storage, package and trade of
organic products, having obtained the certification by organic
certification authorities for their units and products and the approval
for using organic product mark on the products.
3.4 Production base
Production units dealing in organic plantation, breeding or wild product
collection.
3.5 Internal auditor
Managerial persons in the organic product producing, processing handling
unit, responsible for examination of organic management system and
cooperating in inspection and certification by the organic certification
authorities.
4 Requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
4.1.1 The producer, processor and handler of organic products shall have
the legal right for the land use and legal business license.
4.1.2 The producer, processor and handler of organic products shall
establish and maintain the management system of organic production,
processing and handling according to GB/T 19630.1-GB/T 19630.3. The
management system shall be written in series documents according to 4.2
in this part and be implemented and maintained.
4.2 Documentation
4.2.1 The documents of management system of organic production,
processing and handling shall include:
a）Location maps of production base or places for processing or
handling;
b）Quality control manuals of organic production, processing and
handling;
c）Operation specifications for organic production, processing and
handling;
d）System records of organic production, processing and handling.
4.2.2 Location maps of production base or places for processing or
handling
The location maps shall be made in a proper scale to show the production
base or the places of processing or handling. The maps shall be timely
updated to reflect any changes. The contents of the maps shall include,
but not limited to, the following:
> a）The geographic distribution of plantation fields, wild
> collection/aquatic product catching zones, processing or handling
> areas, aquatic farms, bee farms, livestock and poultry cultivation
> farms, pasture, playgrounds and free grazing zones;
b）River, water well and other water sources;
c）Utilization of adjacent lands and boundaries;
d）Livestock and poultry quarantine and isolation areas;
e）Distribution of processing/package workshop; raw materials/finished
goods warehouse and related equipment;
f）Major markers indicating the characteristics of the production base.
4.2.3 Quality control manuals of organic production, processing and
handling
Quality control manuals of organic production, processing and handling
shall be worked out, which shall include the following contents:
a）Brief introduction of the producer, processor and handler of organic
products;
b）Management policy and objective of the producer, processor and
handler of organic products;
c）Management organization chart and responsibility and privilege of
related persons;
d）Implementation plan of organic production, processing and handling;
e）Internal inspection;
f）Tracing examination;
g）Record management;
h）Processing of client complaints.
4.2.4 Operation specifications of production, processing and handling
Operation specifications for production, processing and handling shall
be worked out, including the following:
a）Operation specifications for organic production, processing and
handling of crop cultivation, wild collection, livestock and poultry,
bee, aquatic farming, etc.;
> b）Specifications for preventing mix of organic products, conversion
> period products and non-organic products, and protecting organic
> production, processing and handling against pollution by objectionable
> substance;
c）Crop harvest specifications and management specifications for
transport, processing and storage, etc.;
d）Management specifications for slaughtering, catching, processing,
transport and storage of livestock, poultry and aquatic products;
e）Specifications for maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment;
f）Specifications for employees welfare and labor protection.
4.2.5 Control of documents
The documents required for organic production and processing management
system shall be the latest and valid, and effective versions of
applicable document shall be guaranteed in use.
4.2.6 Control of records
The producer, processor and handler of organic products shall establish
and maintain records. The records shall be legible and accurate, to
provide valid evidences for organic production and processing
activities. The records shall be kept for at least 5 year and shall
include, but not limited to, the following contents:
a）Historic records of land, crop plantation and livestock, poultry, bee
and aquatic farming, and the time and dosage of the last use of
objectionable substances;
b）Varieties, origin, quantity and other information on seeds,
seedlings, seed stock/poultry and other reproduction materials;
c）Raw materials origin, proportion, type, composting method and
application amount of compost manure;
d）Name, composition, origin, use method and use amount of substances
for controlling diseases, insects and weeds;
> e）Complete registrations shall be kept for inventory of livestock and
> poultry farms (and bee farms). It shall include detailed information
> on the animals entering into the unit (varieties, origin, quantity,
> date of entry, etc.), together with details of age, quality, label and
> destination for slaughtering.
>
> f）For livestock and poultry cultivation farms (and bee farms), animal
> medicine use shall be recorded, including: purchasing date and
> supplier; product name, effective compositions and purchas quantity;
> identification of animal treated; number of treated, diagnose contents
> and medicine dosage; starting and ending date of treatment and
> management method; the earliest date of selling animals or their
> products.
g）For livestock and poultry cultivation farms, details of all feeds
shall be recorded, including varieties, composition and origin, etc.;
h）Processing records, including raw materials purchase, processing,
packaging, labeling, storage and transport;
i）Records of pest control, product processing and storage, and cleaning
of transport facilities;
j）Inventory records of raw materials and products, and all invoices of
purchase and selling;
k）Management of labels and batch numbers.
4.3 Resource management
Organic product producer and processor shall have not only the resources
matching the scale and technology of organic production and processing,
but also the human resources conforming to the operation, and shall
provide training and keep related records.
4.3.1 The managers of organic production and processing shall have the
following conditions:
a）One of the major responsible persons of the unit;
b）Be aware of related national laws, regulations and requirements;
c）Be aware of the requirements of GB/T 19630.1-GB/T 19630.4;
d）Having technical knowledge or experiences of more than 5 year in
agricultural production and (or) processing;
e）Be familiar with the organic production and processing management
system and production and (or) processing processes of the unit.
4.3.2 Internal inspectors shall be furnished with the following
conditions:
a）Be aware of related national laws, regulations and requirements;
b）Relatively independent to the inspection object;
c）Be familiar with and aware of the requirements of GB/T 19630.1-GB/T
19630.4;
d）Having technical knowledge or experiences of more than 3 year in
agricultural production and (or) processing;
e）Be familiar with the organic production, processing and management
system and production and (or) processing processes of the unit.
4.4 Internal inspection
4.4.1 Internal inspection system shall be established to guarantee the
organic production/processing management system and production process
conforming to GB/T 19630.1-GB/T 19630.3.
4.4.2 Internal inspection shall carried out by internal inspector.
4.4.3 The responsibility of internal inspector is:
a）Cooperate with the inspection and certification by certification
authorities;
b）Examine the quality management system of the enterprise in comparison
with this part and put forward suggestions for modification of any
contents violating this part;
c）Confirm the overall process of the tracing system of the enterprise,
and set his signature;
d）Submit internal inspection report to certification authorities.
4.5 Tracing system
To ensure the integrality of organic production, organic producers and
processors shall establish complete tracing system, keep detailed
records for retrospecting the overall process of actual production (such
as land plot maps, farming activity records, processing records, storage
records, inventory records and sales records, etc.) and traceable
production batch number system.
4.6 Continuous improvement
Make use of correction and preventive measures to continuously improve
the effectiveness of organic production and processing management system
and promote the healthy development of organic production and
processing, so as to eliminate any factor not conforming, or potentially
not conforming, to organic production and processing. Organic producers
and processors shall:
a）Find the cause for the nonconformity;
b）Evaluate the requirements of measures to prevent the recurrence of
the nonconformity;
c）Determine and implement necessary measures;
d. Make records of the results of measures taken;
e\) Appraise the correction or preventive measures taken.
| en |
markdown | 230507 | # Presentation: 230507
## Integrated Conflict Management
**Lynda O’Sullivan**
**Ken Lechter**
**Office of the Air Force General Counsel**
**(Dispute Resolution Division)**
**25 June 2008**
## Conflict
- Is conflict bad ?
- Is conflict inevitable?
- Can good things come out of conflict?
## What is Conflict?
**Conflict** is a state of discord caused by the **actual or perceived** opposition of needs, values, and interests. A conflict can be internal (within oneself) or external (between two or more individuals).
**Conflict** as taught for graduate and professional work in conflict resolution commonly has the definition: "when two or more parties, with **perceived** incompatible goals, seek to undermine each other's goal-seeking capability".
## Some Causes of Conflict
**Organizational Factors**
- Hierarchical relationships (supervisor/employee); allocation of resources; goal differences; interdependence (mission cannot be accomplished without cooperation among departments); jurisdictional and accountability ambiguities; specialization and territory
- **Personal Factors**
- Conflict management styles (avoidance, competition, compromise, collaboration); cultural differences (organizational, ethnic, religious, generational); emotions; perceptions; personalities; values and ethics
## Another Way to Look at Conflict
- Conflict is neither good nor bad—it is an opportunity
- If properly managed, conflict can be more productive than consensus. “Are we all in agreement here? That’s not good.”
- Good conflict management creates trust. Trust leads to collaboration, knowledge sharing, and innovation.
## Basic Principles of Conflict Resolution
- From the beginning of time, there have been three basic approaches to resolving conflict:
- Power-based
- Rights-based
- Interest-based
## Power-Based Conflict Resolution
- Example: Military chain of command and control—orders must be followed
- Downsides in most organizations:
- Communication is one way—can lead to bad decisions
- No buy-in/sabotage/conflict goes underground
- Bad morale, absenteeism, reduced productivity
## Rights-Based Conflict Resolution
- Example: Litigation in the courts, by-the-rules managers
- Downsides in most organizations:
- Can only result in winners and losers—but in many conflicts there is no right or wrong
- Employees will evade the system if they feel their interests and needs are not being met
**Notes:**
Gore Vidal: “It’s not enough that I win! Others must lose!”
Note that in approximately 80-90 percent of our workplace disputes, the issues are not really legal—they are issues of belonging, of respect, of basic human needs/interests not being met
## Interest-Based Conflict Resolution
- Example: Any time the relationship is important
- Focus on interests, not positions
- Explore options for mutual gain
- Separate the people from the problem
- Upsides: motivated workforce, superior productivity, culture of mutual respect and trust, innovation, progress
## What is an Integrated Conflict Management System?
- It is an organizational strategy
- With two main components:
- 1st component emphasizes conflict management and dispute prevention through interest-based dialogue and problem-solving
- 2nd component is a robust ADR program to creatively and efficiently resolve disputes that haven’t been prevented
## Integrated Conflict Management System
- Elements of the ICMS:
- Choosing negotiation procedures based on interests
- Choosing procedures that will do no harm to (and hopefully improve) continuing relationships
- Ensuring that conflicts are resolved at the earliest possible stage and at the lowest possible organizational level
## Integrated Conflict Management System
- Elements (cont.):
- Clear organizational statement of expected behavior engendering mutual respect and trust
- Systematic training and rewards ensuring that employees have the necessary communication and negotiation skills
- Conflict competence as a key element of the expected leadership skill set—leaders set the tone
## Questions?
## Contact Information
- R. Philip Deavel, Deputy General Counsel for Dispute Resolution, USAF--(703) 588-2211, _[richard.deavel@pentagon.af.mil](mailto:richard.deavel@pentagon.af.mil)_
- Lynda T. O’Sullivan, Assistant Deputy General Counsel for Dispute Resolution, USAF—(703)588-2210, _[lynda.osullivan@pentagon.af.mil](mailto:lynda.osullivan@pentagon.af.mil)_
- Kenneth Lechter, Associate General Counsel, USAF—(703) 588-2208, _[kenneth.lechter@pentagon.af.mil](mailto:kenneth.lechter@pentagon.af.mil)_ | en |
converted_docs | 007068 | HQ 951076
March 18, 1992
CLA-2 CO:R:C:T 951076 jb
CATEGORY: Classification
TARIFF NO.: 4820.10.4000; 4820.10.2020
Mr. Thomas E. Bernstein
Leeds Leather Products
4431 William Penn Highway
Murrysville, PA 15668
RE: \"Pocket Secretary\" (telephone/address book, calendar and
notebook); \"President Writing Pad\" (leather holder with pad
of writing paper); eo nomine provision; Heading 4820.
Dear Mr. Bernstein:
This is in response to your letter dated January 8, 1992 to
our New York office in which you requested a tariff
classification ruling under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States Annotated (HTSUSA) on the merchandise described
below. Samples were provided. Our response follows.
FACTS:
Two samples were received with you request: style number
1000-03, referred to as \"Pocket Secretary\", and 1000-01, referred
to as \"President Writing Pad\". Both items will be manufactured
in China.
The first item, \"Pocket Secretary\", is a 3 1/2 x 7 inch
folding leather case which contains three independent paper
articles: a telephone/address book, a 20-month engagement
calendar book, and a note pad. These are held in place by means
of cardboard appendages slipped into pockets on the inside of the
leather case.
The second item, \"President Writing Pad\", is a 9 1/2 x 12
1/2 inch leather folder containing an 8 1/2 x 11 inch pad of
lined writing paper. The cardboard backing sheet of the pad is
slipped into a large pocket inside the leather folder, which
also incorporates a pen holder and an additional pocket for
loose papers.
ISSUE:
Whether the subject merchandise is classifiable under
heading 4820 of the Harmonized Tariff of the United States
Annotated (HTSUSA), which provides for, inter alia, notebooks,
letter pads, memorandum pads, diaries and similar articles?
LAW AND ANALYSIS:
Classification of goods under the HTSUSA is governed by the
General Rules of Interpretation (GRI\'s). GRI 1 provides that
classification is determined first in accordance with the terms
of the headings of the tariff and any relative section or chapter
notes. Where goods cannot be classified solely on the basis of
GRI 1, and if the headings and legal notes do not otherwise
require, the remaining GRI\'s may be applied in the order of their
appearance.
Style 1000-03, \"Pocket Secretary\"
Heading 4820, HTSUSA, provides for:
Registers, account books, notebooks, order books, receipt
books, letter pads, memorandum pads, diaries and similar
articles (emphasis added), exercise books, blotting pads,
binders (looseleaf or other), folders, file covers, manifold
business forms, interleaved carbon sets and other articles
of stationary, of paper or paperboard; albums for samples or
for collections and book covers (including cover boards and
book jackets) of paper or paperboard:
In Headquarters Ruling (HQ) 089960 dated February 10, 1992
and 089850 dated January 8, 1992, merchandise similar to the
submitted sample was examined. In those rulings it was decided
that an article which featured an address book, a note pad and
calendar was considered similar to a diary.
The term \"diary\" as defined by the Compact Edition of the
Oxford English Dictionary 1987, states:
2\. A book prepared for keeping a daily record, or having
spaces with printed dates for daily memoranda and jottings;
also applied to calendars containing daily memoranda on
matters of importance to people generally, or to members of
a particular profession, occupation, or pursuit.
As was found in HQ 089960:
A similar article might be an address book for recording and
keeping important addresses and telephone numbers in a
single place for easy reference. The sample agendas are
designed to keep notes, memoranda, addresses and telephone
numbers in a single convenient location, as evidenced by the
address-telephone book and note pad. The calendar
facilitates daily record keeping. Customs considers heading
4820 to include within its scope diaries and similar
articles such as these.
The \"Pocket Secretary\", Style 1000-03, containing a
calendar, address book and note pad is designed to keep daily
records and memoranda. Customs does not consider the submitted
article to be bound. As such, proper classification is under
subheading 4820.10.4000, HTSUSA, as \"other\" diaries and similar
articles.
Style 1000-01, \"President Writing Pad\"
Heading 4820, HTSUSA, provides, inter alia, for notebooks,
memorandum pads, diaries, and similar articles. The term
\"memorandum pad\" is not defined per se in the dictionary, but
is found under two separate entries in Webster\'s Ninth New
Collegiate Dictionary 1991:
memorandum: 1. an informal record; also: a written reminder
pad: 4. a collection of sheets of paper glued together at
one end
Considered as one term, a \"memorandum pad\" is an article
featuring a block of blank pages attached at one end to
facilitate note taking.
The submitted sample, by virtue of its design, a leather
folder incorporating a pen holder and additional pockets for
loose papers, emphasizes the distinctive function of the article.
The role of the \"President Writing Pad\" is to provide a
convenient and organized method in which to take notes.
Memorandum pads are specifically provided for under subheading
4820.10.2020, HTSUSA, under the provision for memorandum pads,
letter pads and similar articles.
HOLDING:
Heading 4820, HTSUSA, provides, eo nomine, for the
merchandise at issue. Style 1000-03, \"Pocket Secretary\", is
classified in subheading 4820.10.4000, HTSUSA, under the
provision for registers, account books, notebooks, order books,
receipt books, letter pads, memorandum pads, diaries and similar
articles: other. Articles classifiable in this subheading are
free of duty. Style 1000-01, \"President Writing Pad\", is
classifiable under subheading 4820.10.2020, HTSUSA, under the
provision for diaries, notebooks, and address books, bound;
memorandum pads, letter pads and similar articles\... memorandum
pads, letter pads and similar articles. The applicable rate of
duty is 4 percent ad valorem.
Due to the changeable nature of the statistical annotation
(the ninth and tenth digits of the classification) categories,
you should contact your local Customs office prior to importation
of this merchandise to determine the current status of any import
restraints or requirements.
Sincerely,
John Durant, Director
Commercial Rulings Division
| en |
converted_docs | 243817 | {width="5.972916666666666in"
height="0.4791666666666667in"}
Top of Form
## Complete Summary
#### TITLE
Diabetes mellitus: hospital admission rate for short-term complications.
#### SOURCE(S)
AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 59 p.(AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
AHRQ quality indicators. Prevention quality indicators: technical
specifications \[version 3.2\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2008 Feb 29. 22 p.
### Measure Domain
#### PRIMARY MEASURE DOMAIN
Population Health
The validity of measures depends on how they are built. By examining the
key building blocks of a measure, you can assess its validity for your
purpose. For more information, visit the [Measure
Validity](http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/resources/measure_domains.aspx)
page.
#### SECONDARY MEASURE DOMAIN
Access
### Brief Abstract
#### DESCRIPTION
This measure is used to assess the number of admissions for diabetes
short-term complications per 100,000 population.
As a Prevention Quality Indicator (PQI), short-term diabetes
complication rate is not a measure of hospital quality, but rather one
measure of outpatient and other health care. Rates of diabetes may vary
systematically by area, creating bias for this indicator. Examination of
both inpatient and outpatient data may provide a more complete picture
of diabetes care.
#### RATIONALE
Prevention is an important role for all health care providers. Providers
can help individuals stay healthy by preventing disease, and they can
prevent complications of existing disease by helping patients live with
their illnesses. To fulfill this role, however, providers need data on
the impact of their services and the opportunity to compare these data
over time or across communities. Local, State, and Federal policymakers
also need these tools and data to identify potential access or
quality-of-care problems related to prevention, to plan specific
interventions, and to evaluate how well these interventions meet the
goals of preventing illness and disability.
While these indicators use hospital inpatient data, their focus is an
outpatient health care. Except in the case of patients who are
readmitted soon after discharge from a hospital, the quality of
inpatient care is unlikely to be a significant determinant of admission
rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Rather, the Prevention
Quality Indicators (PQIs) assess the quality of the health care system
as a whole, and especially the quality of ambulatory care, in preventing
medical complications. As a result, these measures are likely to be of
the greatest value when calculated at the population level and when used
by public health groups, State data organizations, and other
organizations concerned with the health of populations.
These indicators\* serve as a screening tool rather than as definitive
measures of quality problems. They can provide initial information about
potential problems in the community that may require further, more
in-depth analysis.
Short-term complications of diabetes mellitus include diabetic
ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, and coma. These life-threatening
emergencies arise when a patient experiences an excess of glucose
(hyperglycemia) or insulin (hypoglycemia).
Proper outpatient treatment and adherence to care may reduce the
incidence of diabetic short-term complications.
\*The following caveats were identified from the literature review for
the \"Diabetes Short-term Complications Admission Rate\" indicator:
- *Proxy***^a^**: Indicator does not directly measure patient outcomes
but an aspect of care that is associated with the outcome; thus, it
is best used with other indicators that measure similar aspects of
care.
- *Confounding bias***^a^**: Patient characteristics may substantially
affect the performance of the indicator; risk adjustment is
recommended.
Refer to the original measure documentation for further details.
**Note**:
**a** - The concern is theoretical or suggested, but no specific
evidence was found in the literature.
#### PRIMARY CLINICAL COMPONENT
Diabetes mellitus; short-term complications (ketoacidosis,
hyperosmolarity, coma); hospital admission rates
#### DENOMINATOR DESCRIPTION
Population in Metro Area or county, age 18 years and older
#### NUMERATOR DESCRIPTION
All non-maternal/non-neonatal discharges, age 18 years and older, with
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical
Modification (ICD-9-CM) principal diagnosis code\* for diabetes
short-term complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, coma)
Exclude cases:
- Transferring from another institution
- Major Diagnostic Category (MDC) 14 (pregnancy, childbirth, and
puerperium)
- MDC 15 (newborn and other neonates)
\*Refer to the Technical Specifications document for specific ICD-9-CM
codes.
### Evidence Supporting the Measure
#### EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE VALUE OF MONITORING THE ASPECT OF POPULATION HEALTH
- One or more research studies published in a National Library of
Medicine (NLM) indexed, peer-reviewed journal
### Evidence Supporting Need for the Measure
#### NEED FOR THE MEASURE
Monitoring health state(s)\
Variation in health state(s)
#### EVIDENCE SUPPORTING NEED FOR THE MEASURE
AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 59 p.(AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
### State of Use of the Measure
#### STATE OF USE
Current routine use
#### CURRENT USE
Monitoring health state(s)\
National reporting
### Application of Measure in its Current Use
#### CARE SETTING
Ambulatory Care\
Community Health Care
#### PROFESSIONALS RESPONSIBLE FOR HEALTH CARE
Advanced Practice Nurses\
Physician Assistants\
Physicians\
Public Health Professionals
#### LOWEST LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY ADDRESSED
Counties or Cities
#### TARGET POPULATION AGE
Age greater than or equal to 18 years
#### TARGET POPULATION GENDER
Either male or female
#### STRATIFICATION BY VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Unspecified
### Characteristics of the Primary Clinical Component
#### INCIDENCE/PREVALENCE
Unspecified
#### ASSOCIATION WITH VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
- Minorities have higher rates of diabetes, and higher hospitalization
rates may result in areas with higher minority concentrations.
- In a potentially under-served population of urban African-Americans,
two-thirds of admissions were due to cessation of insulin
therapy\--over half of the time for financial or other difficulties
obtaining insulin.
- Weissman found that uninsured patients had more than twice the risk
of admission for diabetic ketoacidosis and coma than privately
insured patients.
#### EVIDENCE FOR ASSOCIATION WITH VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 59 p.(AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
Musey VC, Lee JK, Crawford R, Klatka MA, McAdams D, Phillips LS.
Diabetes in urban African-Americans. I. Cessation of insulin therapy is
the major precipitating cause of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes
Care1995 Apr;18(4):483-9.
[PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7497857)
Weissman JS, Gatsonis C, Epstein AM. Rates of avoidable hospitalization
by insurance status in Massachusetts and Maryland. JAMA1992 Nov
4;268(17):2388-94.
[PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1404795)
#### BURDEN OF ILLNESS
Unspecified
#### UTILIZATION
Unspecified
#### COSTS
Unspecified
### Institute of Medicine National Healthcare Quality Report Categories
#### IOM CARE NEED
Living with Illness
#### IOM DOMAIN
Effectiveness\
Timeliness
### Data Collection for the Measure
#### CASE FINDING
Both users and nonusers of care
#### DESCRIPTION OF CASE FINDING
Population in Metro Area or county, age 18 years and older
#### DENOMINATOR SAMPLING FRAME
Geographically defined
#### DENOMINATOR INCLUSIONS/EXCLUSIONS
**Inclusions**\
Population in Metro Area or county, age 18 years and older
**Exclusions**\
Unspecified
#### RELATIONSHIP OF DENOMINATOR TO NUMERATOR
All cases in the denominator are not equally eligible to appear in the
numerator
#### DENOMINATOR (INDEX) EVENT
Patient Characteristic
#### DENOMINATOR TIME WINDOW
Time window is a single point in time
#### NUMERATOR INCLUSIONS/EXCLUSIONS
**Inclusions**\
All non-maternal/non-neonatal discharges, age 18 years and older, with
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical
Modification (ICD-9-CM) principal diagnosis code\* for diabetes
short-term complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, coma)
\*Refer to the Technical Specifications document for specific ICD-9-CM
codes.
**Exclusions**\
Exclude cases:
- Transferring from another institution
- Major Diagnostic Category (MDC) 14 (pregnancy, childbirth, and
puerperium)
- MDC 15 (newborn and other neonates)
#### MEASURE RESULTS UNDER CONTROL OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, ORGANIZATIONS AND/OR POLICYMAKERS
The measure results are somewhat or substantially under the control of
the health care professionals, organizations and/or policymakers to whom
the measure applies.
#### NUMERATOR TIME WINDOW
Institutionalization
#### DATA SOURCE
Administrative data
#### LEVEL OF DETERMINATION OF QUALITY
Does not apply to this measure
#### TYPE OF HEALTH STATE
Adverse Health State
#### PRE-EXISTING INSTRUMENT USED
Unspecified
### Computation of the Measure
#### SCORING
Rate
#### INTERPRETATION OF SCORE
A lower score is desirable
#### ALLOWANCE FOR PATIENT FACTORS
Analysis by subgroup (stratification on patient factors, geographic
factors, etc.)\
Risk adjustment method widely or commercially available
#### DESCRIPTION OF ALLOWANCE FOR PATIENT FACTORS
Observed (raw) rates may be stratified by areas (Metro Areas or
counties), age groups, race/ethnicity categories, and sex.
Risk adjustment of the data is recommended using age and sex.
Application of multivariate signal extraction (MSX) to smooth risk
adjusted rates is also recommended.
#### STANDARD OF COMPARISON
External comparison at a point in time\
External comparison of time trends\
Internal time comparison
### Evaluation of Measure Properties
#### EXTENT OF MEASURE TESTING
Each potential quality indicator was evaluated against the following six
criteria, which were considered essential for determining the
reliability and validity of a quality indicator: face validity,
precision, minimum bias, construct validity, fosters real quality
improvement, and application. The project team searched Medline for
articles relating to each of these six areas of evaluation.
Additionally, extensive empirical testing of all potential indicators
was conducted using the 1995-97 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
(HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID) and Nationwide Inpatient Sample
(NIS) to determine precision, bias, and construct validity. Table 1 in
the original measure documentation summarizes the results of the
literature review and empirical evaluations on the Prevention Quality
Indicators (PQI). Refer to the original measure documentation for
details.
#### EVIDENCE FOR RELIABILITY/VALIDITY TESTING
AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 59 p.(AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
### Identifying Information
#### ORIGINAL TITLE
Diabetes short-term complications admission rate (PQI 1).
#### MEASURE COLLECTION
[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Quality
Indicators](http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/Browse/DisplayOrganization.aspx?org_id=9&doc=341)
#### MEASURE SET NAME
[Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Prevention Quality
Indicators](http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/Browse/DisplayOrganization.aspx?org_id=9&doc=343)
#### DEVELOPER
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
#### FUNDING SOURCE(S)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
#### COMPOSITION OF THE GROUP THAT DEVELOPED THE MEASURE
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Quality Indicators
are in the public domain and the specifications come from multiple
sources, including the published and unpublished literature, users,
researchers, and other organizations. AHRQ as an agency is responsible
for the content of the indicators.
#### FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES/OTHER POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
None
#### ENDORSER
National Quality Forum
#### INCLUDED IN
National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR)\
National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR)
#### ADAPTATION
This indicator was an original Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
Quality Indicator (HCUP QI).
#### PARENT MEASURE
Diabetes short-term complication (Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality)
#### RELEASE DATE
2001 Oct
#### REVISION DATE
2008 Feb
#### MEASURE STATUS
This is the current release of the measure.
This measure updates previous versions:
- AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions
\[version 3.0a\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (AHRQ); 2006 Feb 20. 58 p. (AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
- AHRQ quality indicators. Prevention quality indicators: technical
specifications \[version 3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 22 p.
#### SOURCE(S)
AHRQ quality indicators. Guide to prevention quality indicators:
hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 59 p.(AHRQ Pub; no. 02-R0203).
AHRQ quality indicators. Prevention quality indicators: technical
specifications \[version 3.2\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2008 Feb 29. 22 p.
#### MEASURE AVAILABILITY
The individual measure, \"Diabetes Short-Term Complications Admission
Rate (PQI 1),\" is published in \"AHRQ Quality Indicators. Guide to
Prevention Quality Indicators\" and \"AHRQ Quality Indicators.
Prevention Quality Indicators: Technical Specifications.\" These
documents are available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the
[Prevention Quality Indicators
Download](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/pqi_download.htm) page
at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Quality
Indicators Web site.
For more information, please contact the QI Support Team at
<support@qualityindicators.ahrq.gov>.
#### COMPANION DOCUMENTS
The following are available:
- AHRQ quality indicators. Prevention quality indicators: software
documentation \[version 3.2\] - SAS. Rockville (MD): Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2008 Mar 10. 32 p. This
document is available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the
[AHRQ Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/downloads/pqi/pqi_sas_documentation_v32.pdf).
- AHRQ quality indicators. Software documentation: Windows \[version
3.2\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2008 Mar 10. 99 p. This document is available in PDF from
the [AHRQ Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/downloads/winqi/AHRQ_QI_Windows_Software_Documentation_V32.pdf).
- Prevention quality indicators (PQI): covariates \[version 3.1\].
Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ);
2007 Mar 12. 17 p. This document is available in PDF from the [AHRQ
Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/downloads/pqi/pqi_covariates_v31.pdf).
- Prevention quality indicators (PQI): covariates (age only) \[version
3.1\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ); 2007 Mar 12. 17 p. This document is available in PDF from
the [AHRQ Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/downloads/pqi/pqi_covariates_age_v31.pdf).
- Remus D, Fraser I. Guidance for using the AHRQ quality indicators
for hospital-level public reporting or payment. Rockville (MD):
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2004 Aug. 24 p. This
document is available in PDF from the [AHRQ Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/archives/documents/qi_guidance.pdf).
- UCSF-Stanford Evidence-based Practice Center. Davies GM, Geppert J,
McClellan M, et al. Refinement of the HCUP quality indicators.
Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ);
2001 May. (Technical review; no. 4). This document is available in
PDF from the [AHRQ Quality Indicators Web
site](http://www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/downloads/technical/qi_technical_summary.pdf).
- HCUPnet. \[internet\]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2004 \[accessed 2007 May 21\].
\[Various pagings\]. HCUPnet is available from the [AHRQ Web
site](http://hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp). See the related
[QualityTools](http://www.innovations.ahrq.gov/content.aspx?id=543)
summary.
#### NQMC STATUS
This NQMC summary was completed by ECRI on December 19, 2002. The
information was verified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality on January 9, 2003. This NQMC summary was updated by ECRI
Institute on April 6, 2004, February 18, 2005, February 27, 2006, June
15, 2007 and again on November 26, 2008.
#### COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
No copyright restrictions apply.
### Disclaimer
#### NQMC DISCLAIMER
The National Quality Measures Clearinghouse™ (NQMC) does not develop,
produce, approve, or endorse the measures represented on this site.
All measures summarized by NQMC and hosted on our site are produced
under the auspices of medical specialty societies, relevant professional
associations, public and private organizations, other government
agencies, health care organizations or plans, individuals, and similar
entities.
Measures represented on the NQMC Web site are submitted by measure
developers, and are screened solely to determine that they meet the NQMC
Inclusion Criteria which may be found at
<http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/about/inclusion.aspx>.
NQMC, AHRQ, and its contractor ECRI Institute make no warranties
concerning the content or its reliability and/or validity of the quality
measures and related materials represented on this site. The inclusion
or hosting of measures in NQMC may not be used for advertising or
commercial endorsement purposes.
Readers with questions regarding measure content are directed to contact
the measure developer.
Bottom of Form
© 2009 National Quality Measures Clearinghouse
Date Modified: 1/19/2009
| en |
all-txt-docs | 056962 | 07.18.01
Wednesday, July 18, 2001, 6 p.m. CDTSTATUS REPORT: STS-104-14
STS-104 MISSION CONTROL CENTER STATUS REPORT #14
Atlantis and International Space Station crews will continue the
activation of the station's new Quest airlock this evening. They also
will replace a leaky valve in an Intermodule Ventilation (IMV)
Assembly in the station's Unity node. That valve, which is now
capped, will be replaced by another valve from the U.S. laboratory
Destiny. The Destiny valve will not be needed until the station's
second node arrives no earlier than November 2003.
Atlantis Commander Steve Lindsey and Expedition Two Flight Engineer
Jim Voss will do the valve replacement. It will be tested for several
hours to ensure it is not leaking. Atlantis spacewalkers Mike
Gernhardt and Reilly, assisted by Pilot Charlie Hobaugh will continue
testing equipment of the new airlock Quest. The three astronauts also
will transfer equipment to Quest for the third spacewalk of the
mission. That spacewalk is scheduled for Friday evening and will be
the first out of the new airlock.
Atlantis Mission Specialist Janet Kavandi and Expedition Two Flight
Engineers Jim Voss and Susan Helms will install the Hatch between
Quest's Crew Lock and Equipment Lock. The hatch is currently in its
launch position at the interface between the airlock and the Unity
node. After the hatch is installed in its new position, it will be
tested for leaks for more than eight hours.
Station Commander Yury Usachev will spend his day working with one of
the station's payload computers, performing periodic maintenance on
several of the station's Russian systems and helping fellow crewmate
Voss replace valves on the Airlock to continue linking the new module
with the station's life support systems.
At about 2:30 a.m. Thursday, Lindsey will fire Atlantis' engines in a
series of pulses during a one-hour period to boost the station's
altitude. This will be the third and final reboost scheduled for this
mission.
The Atlantis crew was awakened at 4:04 p.m. Wednesday by Sheryl Crow's
"All I Wanna Do." The song was played for the entire crew from their
training team.
The next mission status report will be issued about 6 a.m. Thursday or
as events warrant.
-end-
| en |
converted_docs | 506563 | -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
**HEA: AID Strengthening
Historically Black
Colleges and
Universities (OPE)**
**FY 2008 Program
Performance Report (System
Print Out)**
Strategic Goal 3
Discretionary
HEA, Title III, Part B,
Section 323
Document
Year 2008 Appropriation:
\$238,095
CFDA 84.031B: Strengthening HBCUs and Strengthening Historically Black
Graduate Institutions
-------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------- --------------------------------------------------------
**Program **To improve the capacity of minority-serving
Goal:** institutions, which traditionally have limited resources
and serve large numbers of low-income and minority
students, to improve student success and to provide
high-quality educational opportunities for their
students.**
-------------- --------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
***Objective 1 of 3:*** *Increase enrollment at historically Black colleges and
universities (HBCUs) over the long term.*
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Measure 1.1 of 1:**
The percentage change,
over the five-year
grant period, of
full-time
degree-seeking
undergraduate students
enrolled at
Historically Black
Colleges and
Universities.
(Desired direction:
increase) 1585
**Year** **Target** **Actual\ **Status**
(or date
expected)**
2004 8.7 Measure not in place
2005 10.1 Measure not in place
2006 9.5 Measure not in place
2007 8.2 Measure not in place
2008 8 Measure not in place
2013 8 (December 2013) Pending
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Source**. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Web
Site: http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas.
**Frequency of Data Collection**. Annual
**Data Quality**. Data are supplied by institutions, which certify the
accuracy of the data.
**Explanation**.
This program has a long term target of 231,443 for FY 2009. We will
report data annually but there are no intermediate annual targets. The
target is derived by applying the difference between regression-based
predicted values from Title IV institutions and actual HBCU grantee
values for school year 2002-03, which was 12.1 percent. Therefore, the
HBCU program actual enrollment of 206,332 in FY 2003 was multiplied by
1.121 to generate the long-term target of 231,443. The decrease in
enrollment from FY 2005 to 2006 can be partially attributed to a single
institution affected by Hurricane Katrina, which did not report 2006
enrollment. Data for FY 2007 will be available in December 2007.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
***Objective 2 of 3:*** *Increase the persistence rate for students enrolled at
HBCUs.*
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Measure 2.1 of 1:**
The percentage of
first-time, full-time
degree-seeking
undergraduate students
who were in their first
year of postsecondary
enrollment in the
previous year and are
enrolled in the current
year at the same
Historically Black
College and University
institution. (Desired
direction: increase)
1587 (Key Measure)
**Year** **Target** **Actual\ **Status**
(or date
expected)**
2004 64 Measure not in place
2005 65 Measure not in place
2006 65 64 Did Not Meet Target
2007 66 62 Did Not Meet Target
2008 66 63 Made Progress From Prior
Year
2009 66 (December 2009) Pending
2010 67 (December 2010) Pending
2011 67 (December 2011) Pending
2012 67 (December 2012) Pending
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Source**. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Web
Site: http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas.
**Frequency of Data Collection**. Annual
**Data Quality**. Data for 2008 are expected in December 2008.
**Explanation**. Institutions report a persistence rate, not the
numerator and denominator. As a result, the persistence rate for the
HBCU program is calculated as a median. The target is derived by
applying the difference between regression-based predicted values from
Title IV institutions and actual grantee values for school year 2003-04,
which was 3.6 percent. Therefore, the HBCU program actual persistence
rate of 64 percent in FY 2004 was multiplied by 1.0363 to generate the
long-term target (for 2009) of 66 percent. Annual increases are
estimated to be 0.6 percent each year through 2009 and 0.3 percent
beginning in 2010.\
\
The reason for decline in persistence is unknown. The Department is
beginning to analyse grantee performance for this program which may
provide some insight into factors behin this decline.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
***Objective 3 of 3:*** *Increase the graduation rate for students enrolled at
HBCUs.*
------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------------------------
**Measure 3.1 of 2:**
Cost per successful
outcome: federal cost
per undergraduate and
graduate degree at
HBCUs. (Desired
direction: decrease)
899zza
**Year** **Target** **Actual\ **Status**
(or date
expected)**
2003 5,653 Measure not in place
2004 5,731 Measure not in place
2005 6,069 Measure not in place
2006 5,337 Measure not in place
2007 999 5,425 Did Not Meet Target
2008 999 (December 2009) Pending
2009 5,400 (December 2010) Pending
2010 5,400 (December 2011) Pending
2011 5,400 (December 2012) Pending
2012 5,400 (December 2013) Pending
2013 5,400 (December 2014) Pending
----------------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------------------------
**Source**. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Web
Site: http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas.
**Frequency of Data Collection**. Annual
**Data Quality**. Data are supplied by institutions, which certify the
accuracy of data.
**Explanation**. This measure is calculated as the appropriation divided
by the number of undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded at all of
the HBCU institutions. The 2003 actual value of \$5,653 reflects an
appropriation of \$214.01 million divided by 37,858 graduates. The 2004
actual value of \$5,731 reflects an appropriation of \$222.8 million
divided by 38,873 graduates. The 2005 actual value of \$6,069 reflects
an appropriation of \$238.6 million divided by 39,311 graduates. Data
for FY 2006 will be available in December 2007. For FY 2007-09, this is
a measure without targets.
------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Measure 3.2 of 2:** The
percentage of first-time,
full-time
degree-seeking undergraduate
students enrolled at four-year
Historically Black Colleges
and Universities who graduate
within six years of
enrollment. (Desired
direction: increase) 1589
(Key Measure)
**Year** **Target** **Actual\ **Status**
(or date
expected)**
2003 39 Measure not in place
2004 39 Measure not in place
2005 38 Measure not in place
2006 37 38 Target Exceeded
2007 39 35 Did Not Meet Target
2008 39 (December 2009) Pending
2009 40 (December 2010) Pending
2010 40 (December 2011) Pending
2011 40 (December 2012) Pending
2012 40 (December 2013) Pending
2013 40 Undefined Pending
------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------- --------------------------
**Source**. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Web
Site: http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas.
**Frequency of Data Collection**. Annual
**Data Quality**. Data are supplied by institutions, which certify the
accuracy of the data. Data for 2007 are expected in December 2008; data
for 2008 are expected in December 2009.
**Explanation**. The 2006 target for the four-year graduation rate was
derived by applying the difference between regression-based predicted
values from Title IV institutions and actual grantee values for a school
year. Beginning with the FY 2007 target, values were established based
on program experience.
| en |
converted_docs | 337046 | VETERINARY PROFESSIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
MEETING MINUTES
ROCKLEDGE 1 CONFERENCE ROOM
SEPTEMBER 7, 2001
**Members Present:**
CAPT Randy Elkins NIH, PAC CHAIR
CAPT Judy Davis NIH
CDR Sean Altekruse NIH
LCDR Kathy Hollinger FDA
LCDR Kris Bisgard CDC
**Members Absent:**
LCDR Marianne Ross (Executive Secretary) FDA
CDR Lowrey Rhodes NIH
**Guests Present:**
CAPT Cynthia Pond NIH, CPO
CDR Hugh Mainzer CDC
CDR Nancy Pate EPA
LT Allison Williams CDC
CAPT Elkins called the meeting to order at 1:00 pm. CDR Altekruse
volunteered to take the minutes of the meeting.
**Comments from the CPO (CAPT Pond):**
#
# Information from the Office of the Surgeon General
The Office of the Surgeon General is developing several reports. VADM
Satcher's present term as Surgeon General will end in February 2002.
CAPT Pond will forward minutes from the CPO/PAC Chair meetings to the
category.
# Information from the Division of Commissioned Personnel
A Department-wide review of administrative functions is being performed.
One change that will occur is an effort to recreate the Commissioned
Corps. The first steps of this initiative are beginning. OSG will
provide us more details as the plan develops.
The Program Support Center, where DCP is located, is reorganizing.
Information technology will be consolidated.
Thrift Savings Plan will be coming on line soon. Information is
available at: http://dcp.psc.gov/sglv.pdf
DCP is updating the appointment standards of all the categories. This is
a chance for all categories to make suggestions on changes. Information
is posted on the DCP Website, pages 37 and 38 of the Commissioned
Personnel Manual. CAPT Pond requested that interested Officers provide
her with any comments as soon as possible.
A presentation was made to the CPOs and PAC Chairs by the CCRF. They
provided an overview of CCRF, as well as a summary of their activities
over the past two years. Most recently, officers were sent to the
Presidential Inauguration, to Mescalero Indian Hospital
(physician/physician assistant support), to Houston (Tropical Storm
Allison), and to FMC Devens (pharmacy support). Upcoming events include
IMF/World Bank, Winter Olympics, and further work in Houston (EHOs and
engineers for mold amelioration).
The Junior Officer Ad Hoc Advisory Group has prepared a charter for
review by OSG, outlining their mission and procedures. The group was
formed to serve as the collective "voice" and conduit of information on
interests and concerns specific to junior officers in the USPHS
Commissioned Corps.
DCP is holding a basic training program for new officers in October
2001.
Calls to active duty are up 20%, however retirement rates are very high
and are tending to offset the calls to active duty. Application forms
for the Commissioned Corps are now available on-line.
The data from the uniform survey is being analyzed. 27% of the active
duty officers responded to the survey. More than 4,000 written comments
were received. A full report on the results will be presented at the
October CPO/PAC Chair meeting.
# New CPOs Selected
Selections have been made for the Chief Pharmacist and Chief Dentist.
RADM Dushanka Kleinman is the new CPO of the Dental Category and RADM
Richard Walling is the new CPO of the Pharmacist Category.
## [Dr. Linda Tollefson promoted to Rear Admiral]{.underline}
CAPT Pond announced that Dr. Linda Tollefson was promoted to the rank of
0-7 (Rear Admiral) on August 1, 2001. Dr. Tollefson is the first female
veterinarian in the PHS Commissioned Corps to reach the rank of Rear
Admiral. A promotion ceremony, officiated by RADMs Moritsugu and
Haffner, was held on August 22. As the CVM Deputy Director, Rear Admiral
(RADM) Tollefson is responsible for all public health programs and
international activities. A primary focus of the Center's mission is
human food safety, through assessing the safety and effectiveness of
drugs used in animals intended for human consumption. RADM Tollefson is
also responsible for the management and coordination of all Center
projects under the National Food Safety Initiative. The Food Safety
Initiative is designed to reduce the incidence of foodborne disease
through extensive collaboration among the U.S. Federal food safety
agencies, State governments and private organizations. Congratulations
were extended to our new Flag Officer.
# Commissioned Officers Association Meeting
The 2002 meeting will be in Atlanta. CAPT Randolph Daley has volunteered
to coordinate the category day for vets. CAPT Stephanie Ostrowski has
volunteered to represent the category on the Scientific Planning
Committee.
# Commissioned Corps Readiness Force
CCRF veterinarians have been invited to join the Veterinary Medical
Assistance Teams (VMATs) teams. There are several benefits to such a
membership. Veterinarians who are VMAT members have a greater likelihood
of being deployed than CCRF veterinarians. Furthermore, there are funds
available to send VMAT members for training programs sponsored by AVMA
(no funding is available for CCRF members).
In coordination with the US Army at Ft. Bragg, the VMAT teams will hold
a field training exercise Oct 26-28, 2001 that will include Army support
personnel, NC State Veterinary College, 70 VMAT members, and
representatives from the State of North Carolina Dept of Public Health.
Courses will include Incident Command System, FMD, Preventive Medicine,
etc as well as living in a tent for 3 days. The VMAT Team Leader, Dr.
Jim Hamilton, has offered 20 spaces to CCRF vets if there is an
interest.
#### [Vet PAC membership]{.underline}
This year there were four vacancies on the PAC, and four nominees, so
there was no need for electronic voting. Nominees are LCDR Terri Clark,
CAPT Randolph Daley; Dr. Robert Hoyt; and LCDR Brent Morse. In
accordance with the VetPAC charter, a memo will be sent to each
nominee's agency requesting concurrence or nonconcurrence of the
individual's nomination to the PAC. If the agency concurs, a package
will go to the Surgeon General for formal selection of new members.
####
#### [Promotions for 2001]{.underline}
Congratulations to the following veterinarians for their promotions this
year:
To Captain (0-6)
Randolph Daley, CDC 7/1/01
Marissa Miller, NIH 7/1/01
Stephanie Ostrowski, ATSDR 7/1/01
Doug Powell, NIH 7/1/01
To Commander (0-5)
Marianne Ross, FDA 1/1/02
Charlotte Spires, FDA 7/1/01
To Lieutenant Commander (0-4)
Alicia Anderson, CDC 7/1/01
Princess Campbell, FDA 7/1/01
Katherine Feldman, CDC 7/1/01
Jennifer McQuiston, CDC 7/1/01
#### [PHS Video]{.underline}
PHS has created a seven-minute continuous loop video on the PHS
Commissioned Corps. CAPT Pond has a copy that is available for
recruiting activities.
## [AVMA Electronic News]{.underline}
CAPT Pond indicated that she routinely receives electronic news from the
AVMA.
She sought opinions on whether the Veterinary Category would be
interested in having these bulletins forwarded electronically.
# Request for volunteers
CAPT Pond mentioned a request for volunteers from the Poplar Spring
Animal Sanctuary, a non-profit refuge of 400 acres for farm animals and
wildlife in Poolesville, Maryland. Their mission includes care,
rehabilitation, and sanctuary for neglected, abandoned or unwanted farm
animals and wildlife. If any officers are interested they can visit the
web site: http://www.animalsanctuary.org/
CAPT Pond is seeking a volunteer to write an article for the
Commissioned Corps Bulletin. It is the Veterinary Category's turn.
Potential topics might include mentoring and PHS Veterinary Officer's
assignments (e.g., Foot and Mouth Disease Investigation).
**Comments from the PAC Chair (CAPT Elkins):**
## [Junior Officer Ad Hoc Advisory Group]{.underline}
LT Alison Williams has volunteered to serve as the Veterinary Category's
Liaison to the Junior Officer Ad Hoc Advisory Group while LCDR Kamela
Evans-Davis is on maternity leave.
## [Communication/Website]{.underline}
LCDR Hollinger provided an update on the PHS Commissioned Officer
Veterinary Category website. The web site is updated quarterly with
meeting minutes, Category notes and comments received from users of the
site. CAPT Judy Davis and LCDR Hollinger will finalize changes to the
Mentoring web site in this quarter's update. No comments or suggestions
about the proposed changes that were disseminated in May's Vet PAC
meeting minutes have been received, therefore revisions will be
incorporated as proposed.
## [Mentorship]{.underline}
In addition to the information that CAPT Judy Davis and LCDR Hollinger
provided on the Mentoring web site, CAPT Elkins indicated that
individual honor awards are a method for recognizing an officer's
contribution as a mentor. Awards can be submitted to DCP either through
an OPDIV or via the CPO/PAC Chair, as appropriate.
## [Special Initiatives]{.underline}
CAPT Powell coordinated the Veterinary Category session at the Annual
meeting of the COA in Washington, DC in May.
CAPTs Pond and Garbe set up the Veterinary Category booth in the exhibit
hall at the AVMA Annual Meeting in Boston in July, and many officers
contributed their time at the booth. The AVMA now requires that the
booth to be manned during all working hours. CAPT Pond suggested that a
schedule of the times that officers can serve at the booth be finalized
before the 2002 AVMA meeting begins.
## [Uniformed Services Veterinary Holiday Prom/Dinner]{.underline}
## The Public Health Service is the lead service for organizing this year's Uniformed Services Veterinary Holiday Prom/Dinner. The event will take place on the evening of December 15 at Fort Myer. CAPT Pond indicated that several officers had proposed that an auction be organized as part of the festivities.
[Henry M. Jackson Foundation]{.underline}
## CAPT Elkins reported that there is a balance of \$ 514.94 in this fund. It was recommended that these funds be kept in reserve in since there may be some upfront expenses associated with the Uniformed Services Veterinary Holiday Prom/Dinner.
## [Commissioned Corps Re-creation Initiative]{.underline}
CAPT Elkins noted that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases has spent considerable effort to develop a list of Global
Health Research Priorities for HIV/AIDS. He suggested that the work
agencies have done on this and other public health issues can serve as
models for re-creation activities.
## [All-hands meeting]{.underline}
The spring 2001 Veterinary Category All-Hands Meeting at the Uniformed
Services University of Health sciences was a success with many officers
in attendance. Potential dates and locations for the next meeting were
discussed. It was proposed that the next meeting be held in the spring
of 2002.
# Election of PAC Chair-Elect
CDR Altekruse was unanimously selected VetPAC Chair-Elect.
##### Date of next meeting
The next meeting will be held on Friday, November 30, 2001 from
1300-1500. The location will be announced (either Rockledge 1 or 6116
Executive Boulevard).
CAPT Elkins adjourned the meeting at 2:00 pm.
CAPT Randy Elkins
Chair, VetPAC
CAPT Cynthia Pond
Chief Professional Officer, Veterinary Category
| en |
markdown | 266189 | # Presentation: 266189
## Disciplined Software Engineering Lecture #2
**Software Engineering Institute**
**Carnegie Mellon University**
**Pittsburgh, PA 15213**
**Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense**
## Lecture #2 Overview - Planning I and II
**Planning overview**
**Software size**
**why measure size?**
**size measurement criteria**
**the SEI size measurement framework**
**Counting program size**
**counters**
**coding standards**
## Project
**Write software that will match a class to a room at a given time to take a final exam. In a database is the class size, the exam time, and the available rooms.**
**How long will it take to write this software?**
**How much will it cost?**
**Can we use it throughout the university?**
## Why Make Plans?
**To make commitments you can meet**
**To provide a basis for agreeing on the job**
**To guide your work**
**To help track your progress**
**To project completion**
## The Project Planning Framework
## Why Measure Size?
**To make better plans**
**To assist in tracking development**
**To normalize other measures**
**development resources**
**defect rates**
## Size Measurement Criteria
**Relationship to development effort**
**Precision**
**Machine countable**
**Suitable for early planning**
## Size Versus Development Effort
**The principle requirement: if the size measure is not directly related to development cost, it is not worth using.**
**There are many possible measures:**
**lines of code (LOC)**
**function points**
**pages, screens, scripts, reports**
**The size measure should be sensitive to language, design, and development practice.**
## C++ LOC Versus Development Time
## Pascal LOC Versus Time
## Text Pages Versus Time
## Script LOC Versus Time
## Report LOC Versus Time
## Screen LOC Versus Time
## Relationship to Development
**LOC is a reasonably good measure for development of source programs like Pascal and C++.**
**Pages are an acceptable measure for document development.**
**LOC is not an adequate measure for screens, reports, or scripts.**
**Some other possible measures are function points, screens, and modules.**
## Precision and Accuracy
**Precision and Accuracy **
**Imprecise and inaccurate**
**Precise and inaccurate**
**Imprecise and accurate**
**Precise and accurate**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**xx**
**x x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x**
**x x**
**x x**
**x x**
**x**
## Measurement Precision
**When 2 people measure the same thing will they get the same result?**
**To do so requires a precise measurement definition.**
**The measure must also be properly applied.**
**Pascal LOC do not equate to assembler LOC**
**new LOC do not equate to modified LOC**
**logical LOC do not equate to physical LOC**
**C++ LOC may not relate to C++ LOC**
## Machine Countable
**Size measurement is time consuming and inaccurate.**
**Automated counters can only work on definable program characteristics.**
**Counters can be complex:**
**size definition selected**
**counting method**
## Suitable for Early Planning - 1
**The issue is: what can you visualize early?**
**for a house, square feet predict cost **
**few people can visualize a house in terms of square feet of living space**
**numbers of rooms are more intuitive**
**Needed for good plans:**
**intuitive size measures**
## Suitable for Early Planning - 2
**Unfortunately, the popular intuitive measure is not measurable and the popular measurable measure is not intuitive.**
**Function points**
**intuitive**
**not directly measurable**
**LOC**
**not intuitive**
**directly measurable**
** **
## Selecting a Size Measure - 1
**Start with product development data**
**resources required **
**product characteristics**
**any special development conditions**
**Rank products by resources required.**
**See what characteristics distinguish those products that took the greatest effort from those that took the least. **
## Selecting a Size Measure - 2
**See if these differences are measurable.**
**correlate this measure for the product set**
**if no correlation, try again**
**There may be no single best measure.**
**a combination of measures could be needed**
**methods for handling multiple measures are discussed later**
## Selecting a Size Measure - 3
**If you are better at estimating resources than program size, size estimation will not improve your planning.**
**If you estimate resources directly, you must:**
**keep accurate records **
**build a large database**
**use an estimating guru**
## The SEI Measurement Framework
**Logical versus physical lines**
**Statement specifications:**
**executable**
**nonexecutable**
**counted statement types **
**Application:**
**language and code type**
**origin and usage**
## Counting Program Size - 1
**Logical lines**
**invariant to editing changes**
**correlate with development effort**
**uniquely definable**
**complex to count**
**Physical lines**
**easy to count **
**not invariant**
**not uniquely definable **
## Counting Program Size - 2
**The PSP uses a coding standard and a physical LOC counter.**
**uses a physical line for each logical line**
**uses a defined coding standard**
**this standard must be faithfully followed**
** **
**Then physical line counting equals logical line counting**
## A Counting Example
**procedure ISet.Set(var N: int; var inc: boolean);**
** ****begin**
** ****inc := false;**
** ****SearchPtr := SetStart;**
** ****while (SearchPtr<>nil) and (inc == false) do**
** ****if SearchPtr^.ThisN == N**
** ****then**
** ****inc := true**
** ****else**
** ****SearchPtr:=SearchPtr^.NextN;**
** ****end;**
## The PSP Counting Standard
**Count all statements:**
**begin, end, if, then, else, etc. **
**{, }, ;, ., etc.**
**count declarations, directives, headers, etc. **
** **
**Do not count blanks, comment lines, automatically generated code, or reused code.**
**Count new and changed code for measuring and estimating development productivity.**
## Line of Code Accounting
**For small programs, size tracking can be done manually, but it requires care.**
**For larger programs, size tracking requires an accounting system.**
**LOC accounting provides an orderly and precise way to track LOC changes through multiple program versions.**
## Example of LOC Accounting - 1
**Version 0**
**350 LOC**
**Enhance to Version 1**
**+ 125 New and **
**Changed LOC**
**Expected Size:**
**350+125=475 LOC**
**What happened?**
**Measured**
**Size 450 LOC**
## Example of LOC Accounting - 2
** ****Added Subtracted Base**
**Base V0 0**
** ****Deleted 0**
** ****Modified 0 0**
** ****Added 350**
**Total V0 LOC 350 -0 350**
** ****Deleted 0 **
** ****Modified 25 25**
** ****Added 100**
**Final Product 125 -25 450**
**Total New and Changed LOC 475**
## PSP0.1 Process Additions
**Coding and LOC counting standards:**
**tailored to your language and needs**
**incorporate PSP elements from the text**
**needed to write the PSP programs**
**Process improvement proposal (PIP)**** **
**used to record process improvement ideas**
**also used to record findings and comments on each project**
## PSP0.1 Summary Additions - 1
**Program size - before development:**
**if this is an enhancement, measure the size of the base program**
**enter these LOC in the Base (B) space under Actual**
**estimate the new and changed LOC**
**enter these LOC in the Total New & Changed (N) space under Plan**
## PSP0.1 Summary Additions - 2
**Program size - after development:**
**measure total program size**
**enter these LOC in the Total LOC (T) space under Actual**
**count the deleted LOC and enter in the Deleted (D) space under Actual**
**count the modified LOC and enter in the Modified (M) space under Actual**
**count the reused LOC and enter in the Reused (R) space under Actual**
## PSP0.1 Summary Additions - 3
**After development (continued):**
**calculate the added LOC as:**
** ****A = T - B + D - R**
**enter the added LOC in the Added (A) space under actual**
**count or estimate the number of new and changed LOC that will be added to the reuse library **
**enter as Total New Reuse in the space under Actual**
## PSP0.1 Summary Additions - 4
**To Date:**
**total the actual reused, new and changed, total, and total new reuse LOC from this and all previous programs**
**enter these data in the To Date column for each LOC type**
**These To Date data are used to calculate various process parameters in later PSP versions.**
## Completing the PIP Form
**In this course, you are asked to complete a PIP form for each programming exercise and include the following information:**
**Problem description - any problems you have encountered in using the process**
**Proposal description - any suggestions you have for process improvements**
**Notes and comments - your observations and findings from doing the exercise**
## Assignment #2
**Read chapters 3 and 4 of the text.**
**Produce an LOC counting standard and a coding standard.**
**Use PSP0.1 to write program 2A to count the logical LOC in your programs. Use a coding standard and a physical line counter.**
**See Appendices C and D for process and program specifications.**
## Messages to Remember from Lecture 2 - 1
**1 - To effectively plan and manage your work, **
** ****you must measure product size.**
**2 - The PSP uses LOC as the size measure.**
## Messages to Remember from Lecture 2 - 2
**3 - For other measures, size must correlate with**
** ****development time.**
**4 - Every size measure should be precisely **
** ****defined and automatically countable.** | en |
converted_docs | 771917 | PCIMS FOCUS REPORTING SYTEM
PROD CARGO AVAILABLE FOR FLAGGING DATE 04/29/03
MFE374AD INVITATION 043B TIME 08.36.25
--------- ----------- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------- ---------- ---------------- -------------- ------- --------- ---------- -------------
**P** **B**
**F** **F**
**TRADE** **L** **L **DATE**
SHIP**
**INV** **ROUTE** **PRGM** **COUNTRY** **DIS. **AGENCY** **GRP** **COMM.** **PORT** **CONTRACT LBS** **METRIC **G** **G **AT **RATE/MT**
PORT** TONS** LINE** PORT**
043B E-S AFR II SOMALIA MOMBASA CARE BG MI JACI 18,584,778 8,430.00 A SEALIFT 05/16/03 118.85
**GRAND **18,584,778** **8,430.00**
TOTAL**
--------- ----------- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------- ---------- ---------------- -------------- ------- --------- ---------- -------------
| en |
markdown | 485309 | # Presentation: 485309
## Status Report on Outer Support Frame
- W. Miller
- Hytec, Inc
- E. Anderssen, D. Bintinger, M. Gilchriese
- LBNL
## Outer Support Frame
- Design presented in TDR was flat panel in barrel region and spaceframe(for maximum access) in disk region.
- Alternative is flat panel construction throughout.
- Preliminary cost comparison made(for disk region) indicates that spaceframe is significantly more expensive => flat panel preferred.
- However, some issues
- Radial clearance in disk region
- Tradeoff between material and stiffness
## Disk Region Radial Clearance
- Reminder..
- Disk services inside frame
- Barrel services outside frame
- Tight spot at disk 3
- Compare spaceframe, flat panel options
- Look here
## Disk Sector Services(At Disk 3)
- Cables/fibers from 3 disks
- By design, services fit within radius of 223 mm
- End View
- Top View
## TDR Spaceframe
- Clearance is 13 mm in radius
- Spaceframe envelope
## Flat Panel(8 Sides)
- Clearance is only 7mm if outer radius of 245 mm is kept. Not enough.
- Clearance increases to 12mm if outer radius can be 250mm and barrel services routed in flat regions. Probably OK but would need more study of barrel service routing.
- RL=0.36% with 3% foam
## Flat Panel(10 Sides)
- Clearance is 13.25 mm for outer radius of 245 mm. Essentially same as spaceframe.
- Openness ~64%
- Radiation length- 3% foam
- disk region 0.38%
- central region 0.36%
## Barrel Services - Spaceframe vs 10 Sided Flat Panel
- Spaceframe Flat Panel - no rearrangement
## Flat Panel(10 sides) - Barrel Services Packed
- Rmm
- Rmm
## Flat Panel(10 sided) - Closeup
- Barrel service routing is preliminary - need more work
- But looks OK with flat panel, in fact better for cooling tubes
## Conclusion
- Clearance of flat panel(10 sides) is same as spaceframe.
- Currently believe access with flat panel is OK but this remains to be shown by studies with full scale model. In any case, considerable tooling will be needed to insert disks with services into any frame.
- Proposal:accept flat panel concept and move on to more detailed design and prototypes.
- Although model is
- spaceframe, since
- clearance is about
- same => still useful.
- Need to add support
- cone model and later
- barrel services.
## Selection of Core Material
- Skins are assumed to be 0.3mm of XN50 or M55J fiber with Cyanate-Ester Resin. X0 assumed=250mm => 0.12% per skin or 0.24% total.
- Glue joint to core assumed to be 100 microns with X0=250mm or 0.08%
- Options for core
- Graphite-fiber honeycomb(1/4 inch vented honeycomb)
- Carbon foam of density 3 - 6%
- Simple comparison(10 mm thick)
- Minimum Shear Moduli(N/mm2)
- _X0(mm)_ _Order Cost($)_ _Availability__ __L-dir W-dir_
- Graphite/fiber 0.15% 15-30K 4 months 669 214
- Foam(3%) 0.11% few $100s 1 month 15 15
- Foam(6%) 0.21% few $100s 1 month 60 60
- Joints are not designed but rough guess is that they add 0.02%
- % openness not fixed but 1st cut is 64%; total material would be about 0.38-0.44%(TDR value was 0.36%) for 3-6% foam *for 10 sided disk frame*.
- Clearly, the primary issue is relative shear strength of two and impact on stiffness; construction approach slightly different for each.
## Proposed Prototype Program
- Accept flat panel
- Provisionally accept foam but do detailed comparison calculation with graphite-fiber by end of January 1999.
- Fabricate small specimens for tests of properties(including after cutting)
- Order foam(lead time for 10 mm not known yet)
- Order skins(lead time for thin with cyanate ester could be >2 months)
- Realistic timescale for these prototypes under study but not less than 3 months
- After specimen tests, build small panels with joints and test joints
- joints need to be evaluated using FEA comparison to measurements
- Scope of partial prototype to be decided at February ATLAS week
- Two panels joined is minimum
- Half of barrel region or complete disk region would be desirable but
- Need estimate of cost before deciding => get bids before February ATLAS week. | en |
log-files | 775099 | # Date 2008-01-16 Time 05:36:15 PST -0800 (1200490575.25 s)
#phil __OFF__
Command line arguments: "../802.param" "main.number_of_macro_cycles=5" "--overwrite"
HOST = blackbird.lbl.gov
HOSTTYPE = x86_64-linux
USER = phzwart
PID = 24117
JOB_ID = 5159
SGE_ARCH = lx24-amd64
SGE_TASK_FIRST = 1
SGE_TASK_LAST = 1330
SGE_TASK_ID = 802
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHENIX: Python-based Hierarchical ENvironment for Integrated Xtallography
User: phzwart
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
phenix.refine: Macromolecular Structure Refinement
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phenix developers include:
Paul Adams, Pavel Afonine, Vicent Chen, Ian Davis, Kreshna Gopal,
Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve, Li-Wei Hung, Robert Immormino, Tom Ioerger,
Airlie McCoy, Erik McKee, Nigel Moriarty, Reetal Pai, Randy Read,
Jane Richardson, David Richardson, Tod Romo, Jim Sacchettini,
Nicholas Sauter, Jacob Smith, Laurent Storoni, Tom Terwilliger,
Peter Zwart
Phenix home page:
http://www.phenix-online.org/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phenix components are copyrighted by:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Duke University
- Texas Agricultural Experiment Station &
Texas Engineering Experiment Station
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major third-party components of Phenix include:
Python, wxwidgets, wxPython, Boost, SCons, Clipper,
CCP4 Monomer Library, CCP4 I/O libraries, PyCifRW, FFTPACK, L-BFGS
Enter phenix.acknowledgments for details.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Processing inputs. This may take a minute or two.
Command line parameter definitions:
refinement.main.number_of_macro_cycles = 5
Working crystal symmetry after inspecting all inputs:
Unit cell: (70.6012, 47.1647, 88.5498, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/model.pdb
Monomer Library directory:
"/net/rosie/scratch3/phzwart/CCTBX/Sources/mon_lib"
Total number of atoms: 2823
Number of models: 1
Model: 0
Number of conformers: 2
Conformer: "A"
Number of atoms: 2769
Number of chains: 2
Number of residues, atoms: 302, 2333
Classifications: {'peptide': 302}
Modifications used: {'COO': 1}
Link IDs: {'PTRANS': 7, 'CIS': 1, 'TRANS': 293}
Number of residues, atoms: 436, 436
Classifications: {'water': 436}
Link IDs: {None: 435}
Conformer: "B"
Number of atoms: 2771
Common with "A": 2717
Number of chains: 2
Number of residues, atoms: 302, 2333
Classifications: {'peptide': 302}
Modifications used: {'COO': 1}
Link IDs: {'PTRANS': 7, 'CIS': 1, 'TRANS': 293}
bond proxies already assigned to first conformer: 2332
Number of residues, atoms: 438, 438
Classifications: {'water': 438}
Link IDs: {None: 437}
Time building chain proxies: 2.74, per 1000 atoms: 0.97
================================== X-ray data =================================
F-obs:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:FOBS,SIGMA
R-free flags:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:TEST
Miller array info: /net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:FOBS,SIGMA
Observation type: xray.amplitude
Type of data: double, size=19589
Type of sigmas: double, size=19589
Number of Miller indices: 19589
Anomalous flag: False
Unit cell: (70.6012, 47.1647, 88.5498, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
Systematic absences: 0
Centric reflections: 2427
Resolution range: 15.1485 2.01033
Completeness in resolution range: 0.967406
Completeness with d_max=infinity: 0.964405
Number of F-obs in resolution range: 19589
Number of F-obs <= 0: 0
Refinement resolution range: d_max = 15.1485
d_min = 2.0103
Miller array info: /net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns:TEST
Observation type: None
Type of data: int, size=19589
Type of sigmas: None
Number of Miller indices: 19589
Anomalous flag: False
Unit cell: (70.6012, 47.1647, 88.5498, 90, 90, 90)
Space group: P 21 21 21 (No. 19)
Systematic absences: 0
Centric reflections: 2427
Resolution range: 15.1485 2.01033
Completeness in resolution range: 0.967406
Completeness with d_max=infinity: 0.964405
Test (R-free flags) flag value: 1
Number of work/free reflections by resolution:
work free %free
bin 1: 15.1489 - 4.3012 [2138/2162] 1920 218 10.2%
bin 2: 4.3012 - 3.4270 [2036/2056] 1838 198 9.7%
bin 3: 3.4270 - 2.9976 [2019/2038] 1816 203 10.1%
bin 4: 2.9976 - 2.7253 [1980/2010] 1776 204 10.3%
bin 5: 2.7253 - 2.5309 [2002/2021] 1806 196 9.8%
bin 6: 2.5309 - 2.3823 [1977/2002] 1778 199 10.1%
bin 7: 2.3823 - 2.2634 [1960/1988] 1766 194 9.9%
bin 8: 2.2634 - 2.1651 [1962/1998] 1766 196 10.0%
bin 9: 2.1651 - 2.0820 [1946/1988] 1754 192 9.9%
bin 10: 2.0820 - 2.0103 [1569/1986] 1410 159 10.1%
overall 17630 1959 10.0%
Writing MTZ file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_data.mtz
========================== Anomalous scatterer groups =========================
All atoms refined with f_prime=0 and f_double_prime=0.
========================== Set up restraints manager ==========================
Number of disulfides: simple=3, symmetry=0
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 168 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " distance=2.08
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 168 " - " SG BCYS A 201 " distance=1.98
Simple disulfide: " SG CYS A 254 " - " SG CYS A 260 " distance=2.05
Time building geometry restraints manager: 0.12 seconds
Histogram of bond lengths:
1.21 - 1.38: 943
1.38 - 1.56: 1465
1.56 - 1.73: 7
1.73 - 1.90: 21
1.90 - 2.08: 3
Bond restraints sorted by residual:
atom i - atom j ideal model delta weight residual
" SG CYS A 168 " - " SG BCYS A 201 " 2.031 1.983 0.048 2.50e+03 5.87e+00
" C GLN A 88 " - " N GLN A 89 " 1.329 1.360 -0.031 5.10e+03 4.97e+00
" SG CYS A 168 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " 2.031 2.075 -0.044 2.50e+03 4.89e+00
" CB CYS A 201 " - " SG ACYS A 201 " 1.808 1.738 0.070 9.18e+02 4.46e+00
" C PRO A 198 " - " N ILE A 199 " 1.329 1.301 0.028 5.10e+03 4.10e+00
... (remaining 2434 not shown)
Histogram of nonbonded interaction distances:
1.54 - 2.21: 7
2.21 - 2.88: 1252
2.88 - 3.56: 4351
3.56 - 4.23: 9046
4.23 - 4.90: 13156
Nonbonded interactions sorted by model distance:
atom i - atom j model vdw sym.op. j
" O HOH Z 42 " - " O HOH Z 183 " 1.540 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 50 " - " O HOH Z 95 " 1.713 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 95 " - " O HOH Z 50 " 1.713 3.040 -x+1,y-1/2,-z+1/2
" O HOH Z 41 " - " O HOH Z 182 " 1.802 3.040 -x+1,y+1/2,-z+1/2
" CE BMET A 47 " - " O BHOH Z 74 " 1.806 3.460
... (remaining 27807 not shown)
Histogram of dihedral angle deviations from ideal:
0.01 - 17.19: 754
17.19 - 34.36: 62
34.36 - 51.54: 27
51.54 - 68.71: 23
68.71 - 85.89: 4
Dihedral angle restraints sorted by residual:
" CA PHE A 192 "
" CB PHE A 192 "
" CG PHE A 192 "
" CD1 PHE A 192 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
90.00 7.91 82.09 2 2.50e-03 1.68e+01
" N PRO A 54 "
" CG PRO A 54 "
" CD PRO A 54 "
" CB PRO A 54 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
30.00 -27.17 57.17 3 4.44e-03 1.45e+01
" N PRO A 280 "
" CA PRO A 280 "
" CB PRO A 280 "
" CG PRO A 280 "
ideal model delta periodicty weight residual
-25.00 38.44 56.56 3 4.44e-03 1.42e+01
... (remaining 867 not shown)
==================== Fixing bad ADP in input model (if any) ===================
============================== Scattering factors =============================
----------X-ray scattering dictionary----------
Number of scattering types: 4
Type Number sf(0) Gaussians
S 13 15.96 2
O 902 7.97 2
N 437 6.97 2
C 1471 5.97 2
sf(0) = scattering factor at diffraction angle 0.
====================== Modifying start model if requested =====================
==================== Fixing bad ADP in input model (if any) ===================
================== Extract refinement strategy and selections =================
individual_sites = True
rigid_body = False
individual_adp = True
group_adp = False
tls = False
individual_occupancies = True
group_occupancies = False
group_anomalous = False
size = 2823
n_use = 2823
n_use_u_iso = 2823
n_use_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_site = 0
n_grad_u_iso = 0
n_grad_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_occupancy = 0
n_grad_fp = 0
n_grad_fdp = 0
n_anisotropic_flag = 0
total number of scatterers = 2823
==================== Process input NCS or/and find new NCS ====================
Using existing and finding new NCS is disabled.
Use refinement.main.ncs=true to activate it.
Look at refinement.ncs for more NCS related parameters.
=================== Write initial parameters into .eff file ===================
Writing effective parameters to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001.eff
Writing geometry restraints to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001.geo
CPU time processing inputs: 7.92
============================ Non-default parameters ===========================
A complete record of all parameters was written to the .eff file above.
Below are only the non-defaults.
#phil __ON__
refinement {
crystal_symmetry {
unit_cell = 70.60125 47.16465 88.54975 90 90 90
space_group = "P 21 21 21"
}
input {
pdb {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/model.pdb"
}
xray_data {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns"
labels = "FOBS,SIGMA"
r_free_flags {
file_name = "/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/trial/1e0w.cns"
label = "TEST"
test_flag_value = 1
}
}
}
output {
prefix = "model_refine"
serial = 1
}
main {
number_of_macro_cycles = 5
}
}
#phil __OFF__
============================= ml refinement start =============================
----------structure factors based statistics (before refinement)----------
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.3787 r_free= 0.3711 ksol= 0.00 Bsol= 0.00 scale= 0.926 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.51 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.168837 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 0.99 1388 152 0.3134 0.3014 6.436 6.333|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 0.99 1319 152 0.3018 0.3067 6.6232 6.6927|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 0.99 1300 142 0.3446 0.2968 6.5422 6.4709|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 0.99 1308 142 0.3563 0.3734 6.3938 6.3697|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 0.99 1278 144 0.3911 0.3356 6.2541 6.2093|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 0.99 1286 143 0.3916 0.4542 6.1533 6.1319|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 0.99 1277 144 0.4039 0.3901 6.1291 6.0976|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 0.98 1270 138 0.4290 0.3837 6.1085 6.078|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 0.98 1266 143 0.4101 0.4108 6.0185 6.0212|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1.00 1276 142 0.4428 0.4148 6.0537 6.0193|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 0.97 1249 134 0.4474 0.4454 5.9705 6.022|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 0.98 1244 141 0.4312 0.4306 5.9055 5.9902|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1.00 1265 136 0.4401 0.4415 5.8282 5.7815|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 0.71 904 106 0.4042 0.4115 5.7619 5.6929|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 1388 152 0.78 26.92 0.84 0.80 45818.19|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 1319 152 0.81 25.30 0.94 0.88 61922.83|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 1300 142 0.75 30.96 0.93 0.88 62656.29|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 1308 142 0.69 35.88 0.94 0.82 56661.46|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 1278 144 0.63 41.32 0.96 0.77 46166.70|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 1286 143 0.59 44.47 0.93 0.74 44181.25|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 1277 144 0.59 45.03 0.96 0.75 40469.42|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 1270 138 0.59 44.72 0.93 0.77 36714.03|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 1266 143 0.60 44.52 0.96 0.79 33460.32|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1276 142 0.58 46.00 0.99 0.77 31245.68|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 1249 134 0.55 48.02 0.96 0.76 31825.97|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 1244 141 0.54 48.79 0.97 0.76 29591.65|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1265 136 0.53 49.73 0.96 0.75 25937.46|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 904 106 0.57 47.07 1.00 0.72 20456.51|
|alpha: min = 0.72 max = 0.88 mean = 0.78|
|beta: min = 20456.51 max = 62656.29 mean = 41126.44|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.63|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.98 mean = 41.03|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 89.91 mean = 40.81|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
============================== Outliers rejection =============================
basic_wilson_outliers = 0
extreme_wilson_outliers = 0
beamstop_shadow_outliers = 0
total = 0
====================== Target weights (before refinement) =====================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 9.151242 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 90.166 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 1.034646 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 90.427 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------Initial model statistics (before refinement)----------
|-Geometry statistics: start--------------------------------------------------|
| Histogram of deviations from ideal values for |
| Bonds | Angles | Nonbonded contacts |
| 0.000 - 0.007: 1367 | 0.001 - 0.989: 1519 | 1.540 - 1.876: 5 |
| 0.007 - 0.014: 729 | 0.989 - 1.976: 994 | 1.876 - 2.212: 2 |
| 0.014 - 0.021: 262 | 1.976 - 2.963: 470 | 2.212 - 2.548: 22 |
| 0.021 - 0.028: 63 | 2.963 - 3.950: 196 | 2.548 - 2.884: 1230 |
| 0.028 - 0.035: 15 | 3.950 - 4.938: 66 | 2.884 - 3.220: 1876 |
| 0.035 - 0.042: 0 | 4.938 - 5.925: 29 | 3.220 - 3.556: 2475 |
| 0.042 - 0.049: 2 | 5.925 - 6.912: 16 | 3.556 - 3.892: 4594 |
| 0.049 - 0.056: 0 | 6.912 - 7.899: 2 | 3.892 - 4.228: 4452 |
| 0.056 - 0.063: 0 | 7.899 - 8.887: 3 | 4.228 - 4.564: 5996 |
| 0.063 - 0.070: 1 | 8.887 - 9.874: 4 | 4.564 - 4.900: 7160 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-Geometry statistics: start--------------------------------------------------|
| Type | Count | Deviation from ideal | Targets | Target (sum) |
| | | rmsd max min | | |
| bond | 2439 | 0.010 0.070 0.000 | 0.254 | |
| angle | 3299 | 1.822 9.874 0.001 | 1.000 | |
| chirality | 348 | 0.101 0.314 0.000 | 0.257 | 0.168 |
| planarity | 436 | 0.009 0.055 0.000 | 0.973 | |
| dihedral | 870 | 15.968 85.889 0.013 | 1.071 | |
| nonbonded | 2439 | 4.114 4.900 1.540 | 0.224 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 5.09 63.06 16.02 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 5.09 63.06 16.02 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 6.19 63.06 36.87 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 5.09 49.51 12.19 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 5.090 - 10.887: 1254 | 5: 34.075 - 39.872: 81 |
| 1: 10.887 - 16.684: 844 | 6: 39.872 - 45.669: 78 |
| 2: 16.684 - 22.481: 225 | 7: 45.669 - 51.466: 64 |
| 3: 22.481 - 28.278: 122 | 8: 51.466 - 57.263: 37 |
| 4: 28.278 - 34.075: 94 | 9: 57.263 - 63.060: 24 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-Occupancies statistics------------------------------------------------------|
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.30 number of occupancies < 0.1 = 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 1 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.3787 r_free= 0.3711 ksol= 0.00 Bsol= 0.00 scale= 0.926 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.00 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.51 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.168837 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.3630 r_free= 0.3557 ksol= 0.31 Bsol= 60.33 scale= 0.958 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-3.03,-2.24,6.04,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.26 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.50 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 6.146182 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 7.972722 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 89.877 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.569283 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 90.047 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.3630 final r-factor (work) = 0.2239 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.3557 final r-factor (free) = 0.2523 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 24.6633 = 7.97 * 0.50 * 6.1448 + 1.00 * 0.1678 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 23.6141 = 7.97 * 0.50 * 5.8972 + 1.00 * 0.1056 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.2239 final r-factor (work) = 0.2062 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.2523 final r-factor (free) = 0.2559 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 3.3642 = 0.57 * 1.00 * 5.8972 + 1.00 * 0.0070 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 3.3330 = 0.57 * 1.00 * 5.6553 + 1.00 * 0.1135 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 7 | number of function evaluations = 7 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 96.31 16.80 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 96.31 16.80 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 4.65 64.23 38.34 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 96.31 12.84 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 9.631: 874 | 5: 48.154 - 57.785: 93 |
| 1: 9.631 - 19.262: 1204 | 6: 57.785 - 67.416: 19 |
| 2: 19.262 - 28.892: 336 | 7: 67.416 - 77.047: 0 |
| 3: 28.892 - 38.523: 146 | 8: 77.047 - 86.677: 0 |
| 4: 38.523 - 48.154: 150 | 9: 86.677 - 96.308: 1 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.2062 r_free = 0.2559 target_work(ml) = 5.661 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.30 number of occupancies < 0.1: 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.2058 r_free = 0.2560 target_work(ml) = 5.661 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.12 number of occupancies < 0.1: 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 2 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.2058 r_free= 0.2560 ksol= 0.31 Bsol= 60.33 scale= 1.023 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-3.03,-2.24,6.04,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= 0.26 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.27 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.660693 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.2011 r_free= 0.2526 ksol= 0.34 Bsol= 73.70 scale= 0.988 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.95,-2.33,1.24,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.35 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.27 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.646642 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 3.328671 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 99.055 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.846506 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 89.075 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.2011 final r-factor (work) = 0.1489 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.2526 final r-factor (free) = 0.1889 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 9.5204 = 3.33 * 0.50 * 5.6568 + 1.00 * 0.1056 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 9.2573 = 3.33 * 0.50 * 5.5200 + 1.00 * 0.0701 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 30 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1489 final r-factor (work) = 0.1359 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1889 final r-factor (free) = 0.1817 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 4.6975 = 0.85 * 1.00 * 5.5200 + 1.00 * 0.0247 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 4.5172 = 0.85 * 1.00 * 5.3223 + 1.00 * 0.0118 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 26 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 84.64 17.74 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 84.64 17.74 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 5.18 84.64 43.27 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 79.94 13.05 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 8.464: 724 | 5: 42.318 - 50.782: 81 |
| 1: 8.464 - 16.927: 1270 | 6: 50.782 - 59.245: 94 |
| 2: 16.927 - 25.391: 311 | 7: 59.245 - 67.709: 66 |
| 3: 25.391 - 33.854: 135 | 8: 67.709 - 76.172: 30 |
| 4: 33.854 - 42.318: 98 | 9: 76.172 - 84.636: 14 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1359 r_free = 0.1817 target_work(ml) = 5.303 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.12 number of occupancies < 0.1: 0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1358 r_free = 0.1815 target_work(ml) = 5.302 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.05 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 3 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1358 r_free= 0.1815 ksol= 0.34 Bsol= 73.70 scale= 0.998 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.95,-2.33,1.24,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.35 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.19 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.302333 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1353 r_free= 0.1803 ksol= 0.34 Bsol= 79.25 scale= 0.993 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.63,-2.10,0.22,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.51 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.19 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.297335 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 2.693717 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 104.861 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.730510 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 121.451 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1353 final r-factor (work) = 0.1215 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1803 final r-factor (free) = 0.1690 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 7.2362 = 2.69 * 0.50 * 5.3206 + 1.00 * 0.0701 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 7.1440 = 2.69 * 0.50 * 5.2516 + 1.00 * 0.0708 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 28 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1215 final r-factor (work) = 0.1192 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1690 final r-factor (free) = 0.1668 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 3.8481 = 0.73 * 1.00 * 5.2516 + 1.00 * 0.0117 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 3.8132 = 0.73 * 1.00 * 5.2042 + 1.00 * 0.0115 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 0.00 91.96 17.43 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 0.00 91.96 17.43 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 0.00 91.96 42.76 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 0.00 87.66 12.78 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 0.000 - 9.196: 938 | 5: 45.981 - 55.177: 88 |
| 1: 9.196 - 18.392: 1162 | 6: 55.177 - 64.374: 81 |
| 2: 18.392 - 27.589: 257 | 7: 64.374 - 73.570: 33 |
| 3: 27.589 - 36.785: 126 | 8: 73.570 - 82.766: 24 |
| 4: 36.785 - 45.981: 108 | 9: 82.766 - 91.962: 6 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1192 r_free = 0.1668 target_work(ml) = 5.197 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.05 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1190 r_free = 0.1668 target_work(ml) = 5.197 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.04 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 4 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1190 r_free= 0.1668 ksol= 0.34 Bsol= 79.25 scale= 0.990 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.63,-2.10,0.22,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.51 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.18 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.197248 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1188 r_free= 0.1665 ksol= 0.33 Bsol= 71.35 scale= 0.999 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.07,-1.72,0.26,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.17 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.18 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.196887 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 2.937707 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 151.853 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.188481 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 126.480 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1188 final r-factor (work) = 0.1148 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1665 final r-factor (free) = 0.1645 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 7.7168 = 2.94 * 0.50 * 5.2054 + 1.00 * 0.0708 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 7.6864 = 2.94 * 0.50 * 5.1815 + 1.00 * 0.0756 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 28 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1148 final r-factor (work) = 0.1154 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1645 final r-factor (free) = 0.1616 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 0.9879 = 0.19 * 1.00 * 5.1815 + 1.00 * 0.0113 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 0.9847 = 0.19 * 1.00 * 5.1800 + 1.00 * 0.0084 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 1.19 84.52 16.40 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 1.19 84.52 16.40 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 1.74 84.52 38.48 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 1.19 79.43 12.34 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 1.192 - 9.524: 1023 | 5: 42.854 - 51.187: 89 |
| 1: 9.524 - 17.857: 1088 | 6: 51.187 - 59.519: 71 |
| 2: 17.857 - 26.189: 248 | 7: 59.519 - 67.852: 30 |
| 3: 26.189 - 34.522: 129 | 8: 67.852 - 76.184: 9 |
| 4: 34.522 - 42.854: 130 | 9: 76.184 - 84.517: 6 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1154 r_free = 0.1616 target_work(ml) = 5.171 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.04 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1153 r_free = 0.1614 target_work(ml) = 5.171 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.05 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
*********************** REFINEMENT MACRO_CYCLE 5 OF 5 *************************
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1153 r_free= 0.1614 ksol= 0.33 Bsol= 71.35 scale= 0.992 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.07,-1.72,0.26,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.17 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.170650 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1152 r_free= 0.1615 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 61.20 scale= 0.991 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.08,-1.74,0.08,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.25 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.16 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.170574 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========================== Target weights: x-ray data =========================
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| XYZ refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxc * wxc_scale + Echem * wc |
| wxc = 2.039683 wxc_scale = 0.500 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between x-ray and geometry gradient vectors: 154.110 (deg) |
| |
| ADP refinement: T = Eexperimental * wxu * wxu_scale + Eadp * wu |
| wxc = 0.205046 wxc_scale = 1.000 wc = 1.000 |
| angle between Xray and ADP gradient vectors: 156.578 (deg) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ xyz refinement ===============================
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1152 final r-factor (work) = 0.1161 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1615 final r-factor (free) = 0.1623 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 5.3577 = 2.04 * 0.50 * 5.1793 + 1.00 * 0.0756 |
| |
| T_final = wxc * wxc_scale * Exray + wc * Echem |
| 5.3427 = 2.04 * 0.50 * 5.1746 + 1.00 * 0.0654 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 25 | number of function evaluations = 27 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
================================ ADP refinement ===============================
----------Individual ADP refinement----------
|-LBFGS minimization----------------------------------------------------------|
| start r-factor (work) = 0.1161 final r-factor (work) = 0.1162 |
| start r-factor (free) = 0.1623 final r-factor (free) = 0.1624 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| T_start = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.0693 = 0.21 * 1.00 * 5.1746 + 1.00 * 0.0083 |
| |
| T_final = wxu * wxu_scale * Exray + wu * Eadp |
| 1.0696 = 0.21 * 1.00 * 5.1773 + 1.00 * 0.0080 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| number of iterations = 21 | number of function evaluations = 26 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 1.21 81.81 16.11 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 1.21 81.81 16.11 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 3.43 81.81 37.60 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 1.21 78.01 12.16 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 1.207 - 9.268: 1002 | 5: 41.509 - 49.569: 95 |
| 1: 9.268 - 17.328: 1088 | 6: 49.569 - 57.629: 73 |
| 2: 17.328 - 25.388: 264 | 7: 57.629 - 65.689: 29 |
| 3: 25.388 - 33.448: 133 | 8: 65.689 - 73.750: 11 |
| 4: 33.448 - 41.509: 122 | 9: 73.750 - 81.810: 6 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
======================= Individual occupancy refinement =======================
|-individual occupancy refinement: start--------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1162 r_free = 0.1624 target_work(ml) = 5.178 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.05 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-individual occupancy refinement: end----------------------------------------|
| r_work = 0.1161 r_free = 0.1624 target_work(ml) = 5.178 |
| occupancies: max = 1.00 min = 0.05 number of occupancies < 0.1: 1 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1161 r_free= 0.1624 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 61.20 scale= 0.986 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.08,-1.74,0.08,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.25 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.17 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.178329 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 0.99 1388 152 0.1052 0.1389 5.4438 5.5801|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 0.99 1319 152 0.0898 0.1194 5.4882 5.7002|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 0.99 1300 142 0.1077 0.1487 5.5027 5.8377|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 0.99 1308 142 0.1239 0.1633 5.4683 5.6167|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 0.99 1278 144 0.1394 0.1703 5.3642 5.5719|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 0.99 1286 143 0.1273 0.2134 5.2581 5.5607|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 0.99 1277 144 0.1339 0.1682 5.2177 5.3732|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 0.98 1270 138 0.1215 0.1659 5.1229 5.365|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 0.98 1266 143 0.1200 0.1895 5.0675 5.3357|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1.00 1276 142 0.1195 0.1763 4.9922 5.2141|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 0.97 1249 134 0.1183 0.1677 4.961 5.2115|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 0.98 1244 141 0.1186 0.1808 4.9082 5.3001|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1.00 1265 136 0.1136 0.1771 4.816 5.0588|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 0.71 904 106 0.1022 0.1697 4.6755 4.9373|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 1388 152 0.94 9.86 0.97 0.94 8204.36|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 1319 152 0.95 8.55 1.00 0.98 10062.94|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 1300 142 0.93 11.41 1.01 1.00 10844.83|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 1308 142 0.92 13.77 0.99 0.98 10483.22|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 1278 144 0.90 15.91 0.99 0.96 8523.26|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 1286 143 0.89 16.88 0.97 0.95 7723.61|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 1277 144 0.90 16.37 0.98 0.95 6810.46|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 1270 138 0.90 15.86 0.98 0.96 5864.65|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 1266 143 0.91 15.75 0.99 0.96 5422.07|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1276 142 0.90 16.24 0.99 0.95 4534.89|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 1249 134 0.90 16.06 0.98 0.94 4457.02|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 1244 141 0.90 16.24 0.99 0.97 4144.19|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1265 136 0.90 16.16 0.98 0.96 3538.70|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 904 106 0.92 14.15 0.95 0.92 2555.98|
|alpha: min = 0.92 max = 1.00 mean = 0.96|
|beta: min = 2555.98 max = 10844.83 mean = 6783.97|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.91|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.93 mean = 14.47|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 89.04 mean = 13.90|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
====================== bulk solvent modeling and scaling ======================
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1161 r_free= 0.1613 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 61.33 scale= 0.986 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.00,-1.66,0.13,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.17 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.17 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.175111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
----------X-ray data----------
|--(resolution: 2.01 - 15.15 A; n_refl. = 19589)------------------------------|
| |
| r_work= 0.1161 r_free= 0.1613 ksol= 0.32 Bsol= 61.33 scale= 0.986 |
| |
| overall anisotropic scale matrix (Cartesian basis; B11,B22,B33,B12,B13,B23):|
| (-2.00,-1.66,0.13,-0.00,0.00,0.00); trace/3= -1.17 |
| |
| maximum likelihood estimate for coordinate error: 0.17 A |
| x-ray target function (ml) for work reflections: 5.175111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Bin Resolution Compl. No. Refl. R-factors Targets |
|number range work test work test work test|
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 0.99 1388 152 0.1044 0.1305 5.4173 5.5304|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 0.99 1319 152 0.0902 0.1161 5.4754 5.6807|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 0.99 1300 142 0.1078 0.1476 5.4996 5.829|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 0.99 1308 142 0.1238 0.1646 5.468 5.6232|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 0.99 1278 144 0.1396 0.1704 5.3653 5.57|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 0.99 1286 143 0.1269 0.2142 5.2573 5.5627|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 0.99 1277 144 0.1338 0.1683 5.2182 5.3743|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 0.98 1270 138 0.1216 0.1661 5.1231 5.3646|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 0.98 1266 143 0.1201 0.1896 5.0676 5.3366|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1.00 1276 142 0.1195 0.1764 4.9923 5.2146|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 0.97 1249 134 0.1183 0.1674 4.9608 5.2112|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 0.98 1244 141 0.1185 0.1805 4.9077 5.2989|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1.00 1265 136 0.1135 0.1774 4.8161 5.0596|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 0.71 904 106 0.1022 0.1697 4.6761 4.938|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|R-free likelihood based estimates for figures of merit, absolute phase error,|
|and distribution parameters alpha and beta (Acta Cryst. (1995). A51, 880-887)|
| |
| Bin Resolution No. Refl. FOM Phase Scale Alpha Beta |
| # range work test error factor |
| 1: 15.1489 - 4.7971 1388 152 0.94 9.35 0.96 0.94 7404.73|
| 2: 4.7971 - 3.8278 1319 152 0.95 8.14 1.00 0.98 9405.58|
| 3: 3.8278 - 3.3499 1300 142 0.93 11.25 1.01 1.01 10591.53|
| 4: 3.3499 - 3.0464 1308 142 0.92 13.78 0.99 0.98 10489.83|
| 5: 3.0464 - 2.8295 1278 144 0.90 15.97 0.99 0.96 8559.37|
| 6: 2.8295 - 2.6636 1286 143 0.89 16.88 0.97 0.95 7725.55|
| 7: 2.6636 - 2.5309 1277 144 0.90 16.39 0.98 0.95 6822.94|
| 8: 2.5309 - 2.4212 1270 138 0.90 15.86 0.98 0.96 5866.28|
| 9: 2.4212 - 2.3283 1266 143 0.91 15.76 1.00 0.96 5428.20|
| 10: 2.3283 - 2.2482 1276 142 0.90 16.24 0.99 0.95 4531.56|
| 11: 2.2482 - 2.1781 1249 134 0.90 16.06 0.98 0.94 4455.79|
| 12: 2.1781 - 2.1161 1244 141 0.90 16.23 0.99 0.98 4139.08|
| 13: 2.1161 - 2.0605 1265 136 0.90 16.17 0.98 0.96 3541.08|
| 14: 2.0605 - 2.0103 904 106 0.92 14.18 0.95 0.92 2562.53|
|alpha: min = 0.92 max = 1.01 mean = 0.96|
|beta: min = 2562.53 max = 10591.53 mean = 6657.69|
|figures of merit: min = 0.00 max = 1.00 mean = 0.91|
|phase err.(work): min = 0.00 max = 89.95 mean = 14.39|
|phase err.(test): min = 0.00 max = 88.26 mean = 13.81|
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-ADP statistics (Wilson B = 12.269)------------------------------------------|
| Atom | Number of | Isotropic or equivalent| Anisotropy lmin/max |
| type |iso aniso | min max mean | min max mean |
| - - - - |- - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - - - - |
| all : 2823 0 1.17 81.77 16.07 None None None |
| all(noH): 2823 0 1.17 81.77 16.07 None None None |
| Sol. : 438 0 3.39 81.77 37.56 None None None |
| Mac. : 2385 0 1.17 77.97 12.12 None None None |
| Hyd. : 0 0 None None None None None None |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| Distribution of isotropic (or equivalent) ADP for non-H atoms: |
| Bin# value range #atoms | Bin# value range #atoms |
| 0: 1.165 - 9.225: 1002 | 5: 41.466 - 49.527: 95 |
| 1: 9.225 - 17.286: 1088 | 6: 49.527 - 57.587: 73 |
| 2: 17.286 - 25.346: 264 | 7: 57.587 - 65.647: 29 |
| 3: 25.346 - 33.406: 133 | 8: 65.647 - 73.707: 11 |
| 4: 33.406 - 41.466: 122 | 9: 73.707 - 81.768: 6 |
| =>continue=> |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
========== residual map mFobs-DFmodel: highest peaks and deepst holes =========
----------peaks----------
Number of peaks found at mFobs-DFmodel map (map cutoff=3.00 sigma)= 287
Filter by distance & map next to the model:
mapped sites are within: 0.515 - 4.900
number of sites selected in [dist_min= 0.70, dist_max= 6.00]: 281 from: 287
mapped sites are within: 0.710 - 4.900
peak= 5.392 closest distance to " CB GLN A 223 " = 1.461
peak= 5.341 closest distance to " O HOH Z 113 " = 2.179
peak= 5.101 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 218 " = 1.127
peak= 5.018 closest distance to " CG PRO A 54 " = 1.440
peak= 4.745 closest distance to " CB PRO A 54 " = 0.983
peak= 4.687 closest distance to " CB ARG A 190 " = 1.518
peak= 4.610 closest distance to " CG PRO A 198 " = 1.372
peak= 4.598 closest distance to " CB ARG A 275 " = 0.909
peak= 4.580 closest distance to " CB ARG A 79 " = 1.308
peak= 4.547 closest distance to " CB GLN A 183 " = 1.225
peak= 4.530 closest distance to " CB SER A 63 " = 1.172
peak= 4.508 closest distance to " O HOH Z 232 " = 2.298
peak= 4.502 closest distance to " O HOH Z 126 " = 1.817
peak= 4.485 closest distance to " O HOH Z 188 " = 3.013
peak= 4.460 closest distance to " O HOH Z 369 " = 2.105
peak= 4.429 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 187 " = 1.522
peak= 4.408 closest distance to " O HOH Z 298 " = 1.977
peak= 4.400 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 11 " = 1.148
peak= 4.392 closest distance to " CB ASN A 148 " = 1.471
peak= 4.368 closest distance to " CG PRO A 213 " = 1.211
peak= 4.283 closest distance to " CA TYR A 30 " = 0.985
peak= 4.240 closest distance to " CB GLU A 152 " = 1.233
peak= 4.239 closest distance to " O HOH Z 142 " = 1.697
peak= 4.185 closest distance to " CG PRO A 243 " = 1.067
peak= 4.170 closest distance to " O HOH Z 368 " = 2.111
peak= 4.153 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 257 " = 0.835
peak= 4.149 closest distance to " CB GLU A 277 " = 3.726
peak= 4.140 closest distance to " CB GLU A 46 " = 0.950
peak= 4.098 closest distance to " O HOH Z 19 " = 2.459
peak= 4.090 closest distance to " O HOH Z 406 " = 1.724
peak= 4.081 closest distance to " CD LYS A 166 " = 1.279
peak= 4.079 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 38 " = 1.280
peak= 4.078 closest distance to " CB TYR A 169 " = 0.753
peak= 4.069 closest distance to " O HOH Z 63 " = 2.013
peak= 4.064 closest distance to " CA PRO A 54 " = 1.387
peak= 4.064 closest distance to " O HOH Z 303 " = 2.142
peak= 4.052 closest distance to " O SER A 87 " = 2.287
peak= 4.048 closest distance to " CB LEU A 83 " = 0.756
peak= 4.011 closest distance to " O HOH Z 15 " = 2.126
peak= 4.001 closest distance to " C PRO A 198 " = 1.456
peak= 3.999 closest distance to " CD2 TRP A 179 " = 1.301
peak= 3.999 closest distance to " CB VAL A 265 " = 1.271
peak= 3.996 closest distance to " CB ASN A 142 " = 0.983
peak= 3.991 closest distance to " CB ASP A 124 " = 0.794
peak= 3.990 closest distance to " CB ASN A 39 " = 0.886
peak= 3.986 closest distance to " O HOH Z 214 " = 2.232
peak= 3.981 closest distance to " CZ3 TRP A 266 " = 1.093
peak= 3.976 closest distance to " CG MET A 185 " = 1.161
peak= 3.973 closest distance to " CB ASN A 187 " = 1.212
peak= 3.971 closest distance to " CB VAL A 202 " = 1.529
peak= 3.966 closest distance to " CB TRP A 266 " = 1.003
peak= 3.965 closest distance to " CB LEU A 228 " = 1.061
peak= 3.943 closest distance to " CA ALA A 51 " = 0.920
peak= 3.932 closest distance to " CB PRO A 90 " = 1.181
peak= 3.923 closest distance to " NH1AARG A 145 " = 1.373
peak= 3.912 closest distance to " O HOH Z 21 " = 1.821
peak= 3.910 closest distance to " CE LYS A 76 " = 0.923
peak= 3.906 closest distance to " O HOH Z 40 " = 1.800
peak= 3.890 closest distance to " O HOH Z 313 " = 2.019
peak= 3.884 closest distance to " CD ARG A 269 " = 0.903
peak= 3.884 closest distance to " O HOH Z 265 " = 2.158
peak= 3.880 closest distance to " CD ARG A 159 " = 0.760
peak= 3.874 closest distance to " O HOH Z 158 " = 3.150
peak= 3.870 closest distance to " CB ALA A 104 " = 0.719
peak= 3.866 closest distance to " CA THR A 264 " = 0.907
peak= 3.843 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 300 " = 1.184
peak= 3.831 closest distance to " O HOH Z 78 " = 1.628
peak= 3.825 closest distance to " O BHOH Z 338 " = 2.313
peak= 3.818 closest distance to " O HOH Z 180 " = 2.157
peak= 3.818 closest distance to " CA ARG A 195 " = 1.228
peak= 3.816 closest distance to " O HOH Z 43 " = 2.006
peak= 3.798 closest distance to " O HOH Z 427 " = 3.112
peak= 3.796 closest distance to " O HOH Z 248 " = 1.602
peak= 3.771 closest distance to " CA SER A 87 " = 1.012
peak= 3.766 closest distance to " O HOH Z 403 " = 1.539
peak= 3.752 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 120 " = 1.163
peak= 3.750 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 249 " = 0.877
peak= 3.744 closest distance to " O HOH Z 294 " = 1.587
peak= 3.740 closest distance to " O HOH Z 261 " = 1.935
peak= 3.731 closest distance to " O HOH Z 423 " = 1.946
peak= 3.729 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 153 " = 1.009
peak= 3.728 closest distance to " O HOH Z 148 " = 3.421
peak= 3.724 closest distance to " CG LEU A 167 " = 1.263
peak= 3.713 closest distance to " O ASN A 74 " = 1.427
peak= 3.703 closest distance to " CB SER A 210 " = 0.778
peak= 3.695 closest distance to " O HOH Z 236 " = 2.199
peak= 3.695 closest distance to " O HOH Z 250 " = 1.481
peak= 3.694 closest distance to " O HOH Z 193 " = 1.790
peak= 3.693 closest distance to " N ASN A 39 " = 1.258
peak= 3.692 closest distance to " CB GLU A 128 " = 0.894
peak= 3.676 closest distance to " O HOH Z 88 " = 1.724
peak= 3.675 closest distance to " O HOH Z 234 " = 3.890
peak= 3.665 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 2.188
peak= 3.664 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 2.158
peak= 3.649 closest distance to " O HOH Z 172 " = 3.682
peak= 3.641 closest distance to " CA ASP A 162 " = 0.966
peak= 3.641 closest distance to " O HOH Z 62 " = 2.202
peak= 3.631 closest distance to " O HOH Z 285 " = 2.228
peak= 3.631 closest distance to " O HOH Z 346 " = 1.652
peak= 3.630 closest distance to " O HOH Z 203 " = 1.742
peak= 3.620 closest distance to " O HOH Z 209 " = 2.264
peak= 3.613 closest distance to " O THR A 220 " = 1.220
peak= 3.612 closest distance to " CB ASN A 110 " = 1.070
peak= 3.608 closest distance to " O HOH Z 133 " = 2.798
peak= 3.604 closest distance to " CH2 TRP A 70 " = 0.951
peak= 3.604 closest distance to " CG2AVAL A 72 " = 1.716
peak= 3.601 closest distance to " CB ASP A 140 " = 1.054
peak= 3.598 closest distance to " CB MET A 40 " = 0.873
peak= 3.598 closest distance to " CA ASN A 215 " = 1.079
peak= 3.595 closest distance to " O HOH Z 316 " = 3.171
peak= 3.591 closest distance to " O HOH Z 272 " = 1.896
peak= 3.574 closest distance to " CG GLN A 11 " = 1.673
peak= 3.571 closest distance to " OG BSER A 134 " = 2.887
peak= 3.570 closest distance to " O HOH Z 280 " = 2.967
peak= 3.565 closest distance to " O BHOH Z 74 " = 1.251
peak= 3.552 closest distance to " CA ARG A 36 " = 1.079
peak= 3.551 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 249 " = 1.907
peak= 3.538 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 96 " = 0.754
peak= 3.538 closest distance to " NE2 HIS A 207 " = 1.112
peak= 3.534 closest distance to " O HOH Z 353 " = 2.605
peak= 3.529 closest distance to " CB ILE A 120 " = 1.199
peak= 3.526 closest distance to " NZ LYS A 117 " = 3.234
peak= 3.524 closest distance to " CB GLN A 88 " = 1.184
peak= 3.521 closest distance to " CB SER A 3 " = 1.421
peak= 3.520 closest distance to " CA MET A 105 " = 0.981
peak= 3.515 closest distance to " O HOH Z 419 " = 2.035
peak= 3.509 closest distance to " O HOH Z 183 " = 1.441
peak= 3.509 closest distance to " CG AARG A 275 " = 1.194
peak= 3.503 closest distance to " O HOH Z 368 " = 3.555
peak= 3.492 closest distance to " O HOH Z 392 " = 2.809
peak= 3.490 closest distance to " O HOH Z 383 " = 2.113
peak= 3.486 closest distance to " CB ALA A 291 " = 1.119
peak= 3.480 closest distance to " O HOH Z 394 " = 4.097
peak= 3.478 closest distance to " CA ALA A 154 " = 1.042
peak= 3.477 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 156 " = 1.100
peak= 3.472 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 239 " = 0.712
peak= 3.470 closest distance to " O HOH Z 291 " = 1.559
peak= 3.468 closest distance to " CA ILE A 234 " = 0.924
peak= 3.458 closest distance to " O HOH Z 163 " = 1.956
peak= 3.455 closest distance to " O HOH Z 412 " = 3.998
peak= 3.449 closest distance to " O HOH Z 10 " = 1.787
peak= 3.448 closest distance to " O THR A 182 " = 1.336
peak= 3.448 closest distance to " CG PHE A 204 " = 0.877
peak= 3.442 closest distance to " CA TYR A 116 " = 1.411
peak= 3.441 closest distance to " O HOH Z 147 " = 1.913
peak= 3.439 closest distance to " N ARG A 156 " = 1.409
peak= 3.434 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 69 " = 2.538
peak= 3.434 closest distance to " CD1 ILE A 199 " = 0.911
peak= 3.426 closest distance to " CA VAL A 125 " = 1.197
peak= 3.424 closest distance to " O HOH Z 251 " = 1.732
peak= 3.422 closest distance to " O HOH Z 213 " = 1.956
peak= 3.415 closest distance to " O HOH Z 68 " = 2.124
peak= 3.410 closest distance to " CA GLN A 94 " = 0.775
peak= 3.407 closest distance to " O HOH Z 61 " = 1.650
peak= 3.405 closest distance to " O ALA A 165 " = 1.542
peak= 3.401 closest distance to " CB PHE A 204 " = 0.726
peak= 3.390 closest distance to " O HOH Z 48 " = 1.586
peak= 3.388 closest distance to " CA ALA A 160 " = 1.054
peak= 3.382 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 20 " = 1.357
peak= 3.381 closest distance to " O HOH Z 97 " = 2.425
peak= 3.378 closest distance to " CB GLU A 37 " = 1.044
peak= 3.370 closest distance to " CG GLU A 37 " = 0.893
peak= 3.368 closest distance to " O HOH Z 337 " = 3.592
peak= 3.366 closest distance to " O HOH Z 273 " = 2.751
peak= 3.365 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 77 " = 3.419
peak= 3.363 closest distance to " O HOH Z 192 " = 2.058
peak= 3.361 closest distance to " O HOH Z 126 " = 1.638
peak= 3.358 closest distance to " CB TYR A 116 " = 0.789
peak= 3.358 closest distance to " CB SER A 141 " = 1.047
peak= 3.354 closest distance to " O HOH Z 1 " = 2.209
peak= 3.340 closest distance to " CA ASN A 127 " = 1.150
peak= 3.340 closest distance to " CA ALA A 233 " = 1.480
peak= 3.339 closest distance to " O HOH Z 199 " = 1.597
peak= 3.336 closest distance to " CB PRO A 198 " = 1.067
peak= 3.336 closest distance to " O HOH Z 166 " = 3.944
peak= 3.331 closest distance to " O PRO A 213 " = 1.510
peak= 3.331 closest distance to " CG2AVAL A 121 " = 2.301
peak= 3.328 closest distance to " O HOH Z 359 " = 1.599
peak= 3.326 closest distance to " O ASP A 191 " = 1.445
peak= 3.323 closest distance to " O TYR A 116 " = 1.333
peak= 3.322 closest distance to " CB GLN A 205 " = 1.109
peak= 3.321 closest distance to " CB ALA A 114 " = 1.041
peak= 3.320 closest distance to " CD ARG A 66 " = 2.392
peak= 3.319 closest distance to " N PHE A 130 " = 1.193
peak= 3.314 closest distance to " N TYR A 116 " = 1.443
peak= 3.311 closest distance to " OG BSER A 164 " = 2.402
peak= 3.311 closest distance to " CB ASP A 298 " = 1.167
peak= 3.307 closest distance to " CA ALA A 100 " = 0.856
peak= 3.306 closest distance to " O HOH Z 305 " = 3.791
peak= 3.302 closest distance to " CB ALA A 242 " = 0.792
peak= 3.302 closest distance to " O HOH Z 78 " = 2.156
peak= 3.300 closest distance to " CB ASN A 215 " = 1.134
peak= 3.299 closest distance to " O ASN A 74 " = 2.130
peak= 3.293 closest distance to " O HOH Z 116 " = 1.791
peak= 3.283 closest distance to " O HOH Z 417 " = 3.462
peak= 3.283 closest distance to " O HOH Z 325 " = 2.396
peak= 3.282 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 261 " = 1.289
peak= 3.281 closest distance to " O HOH Z 340 " = 2.131
peak= 3.281 closest distance to " O HOH Z 66 " = 2.236
peak= 3.278 closest distance to " O HOH Z 80 " = 1.692
peak= 3.275 closest distance to " O HOH Z 94 " = 2.454
peak= 3.273 closest distance to " O HOH Z 118 " = 1.834
peak= 3.271 closest distance to " CA ARG A 139 " = 1.051
peak= 3.267 closest distance to " OE1 GLN A 11 " = 2.119
peak= 3.266 closest distance to " O HOH Z 384 " = 2.994
peak= 3.261 closest distance to " N GLY A 98 " = 1.119
peak= 3.260 closest distance to " O HOH Z 271 " = 2.574
peak= 3.258 closest distance to " OE2 GLU A 53 " = 1.206
peak= 3.258 closest distance to " O HOH Z 152 " = 2.074
peak= 3.256 closest distance to " CG ARG A 138 " = 1.245
peak= 3.254 closest distance to " O THR A 251 " = 1.095
peak= 3.249 closest distance to " CB TRP A 179 " = 1.436
peak= 3.247 closest distance to " CB ALA A 299 " = 0.948
peak= 3.244 closest distance to " CA ASN A 217 " = 1.298
peak= 3.243 closest distance to " O SER A 164 " = 1.441
peak= 3.243 closest distance to " CB GLN A 89 " = 1.282
peak= 3.240 closest distance to " CG2 THR A 220 " = 0.859
peak= 3.237 closest distance to " CB MET A 47 " = 0.976
peak= 3.236 closest distance to " NE ARG A 79 " = 1.091
peak= 3.235 closest distance to " CB ARG A 138 " = 1.037
peak= 3.234 closest distance to " O PHE A 192 " = 1.409
peak= 3.233 closest distance to " O HOH Z 365 " = 2.890
peak= 3.232 closest distance to " CB SER A 212 " = 1.346
peak= 3.226 closest distance to " O HOH Z 421 " = 1.996
peak= 3.225 closest distance to " CB ALA A 34 " = 0.974
peak= 3.225 closest distance to " O HOH Z 171 " = 4.056
peak= 3.222 closest distance to " CB THR A 31 " = 1.550
peak= 3.221 closest distance to " CB LYS A 117 " = 1.195
peak= 3.220 closest distance to " CG BARG A 275 " = 1.339
peak= 3.217 closest distance to " CA ALA A 158 " = 1.275
peak= 3.212 closest distance to " CD BLYS A 290 " = 0.949
peak= 3.209 closest distance to " CB PRO A 243 " = 1.389
peak= 3.207 closest distance to " CA THR A 221 " = 0.975
peak= 3.205 closest distance to " OG SER A 22 " = 2.700
peak= 3.199 closest distance to " CG1 ILE A 49 " = 1.546
peak= 3.193 closest distance to " CB ALA A 9 " = 1.582
peak= 3.191 closest distance to " OE2 GLU A 53 " = 1.878
peak= 3.189 closest distance to " CA GLU A 152 " = 0.907
peak= 3.187 closest distance to " CA GLY A 241 " = 0.838
peak= 3.186 closest distance to " O HOH Z 299 " = 4.537
peak= 3.185 closest distance to " CD ARG A 219 " = 1.111
peak= 3.183 closest distance to " CG BARG A 102 " = 1.875
peak= 3.178 closest distance to " O GLY A 91 " = 1.420
peak= 3.173 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 234 " = 0.839
peak= 3.170 closest distance to " CB GLN A 103 " = 0.844
peak= 3.169 closest distance to " O HOH Z 298 " = 2.455
peak= 3.169 closest distance to " CG2 THR A 221 " = 1.067
peak= 3.168 closest distance to " O HOH Z 234 " = 1.810
peak= 3.164 closest distance to " CG MET A 185 " = 0.988
peak= 3.163 closest distance to " CA ASP A 191 " = 1.199
peak= 3.155 closest distance to " CA ILE A 106 " = 0.810
peak= 3.154 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 217 " = 1.694
peak= 3.148 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 150 " = 1.074
peak= 3.140 closest distance to " O PHE A 61 " = 1.414
peak= 3.130 closest distance to " O HOH Z 120 " = 3.362
peak= 3.128 closest distance to " CB ALA A 1 " = 4.900
peak= 3.125 closest distance to " N ASN A 127 " = 1.242
peak= 3.123 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 192 " = 1.012
peak= 3.121 closest distance to " CB PHE A 283 " = 0.710
peak= 3.119 closest distance to " O HOH Z 371 " = 2.899
peak= 3.114 closest distance to " CA ALA A 129 " = 1.229
peak= 3.114 closest distance to " O MET A 105 " = 1.912
peak= 3.110 closest distance to " CA ALA A 248 " = 1.185
peak= 3.109 closest distance to " CE MET A 113 " = 1.723
peak= 3.106 closest distance to " O HOH Z 47 " = 1.812
peak= 3.096 closest distance to " OH TYR A 116 " = 1.106
peak= 3.095 closest distance to " O HOH Z 425 " = 1.313
peak= 3.091 closest distance to " OG1 THR A 294 " = 2.479
peak= 3.088 closest distance to " O HOH Z 327 " = 2.034
peak= 3.087 closest distance to " CA GLU A 46 " = 1.084
peak= 3.081 closest distance to " CB ARG A 156 " = 1.169
peak= 3.076 closest distance to " O HOH Z 59 " = 2.094
peak= 3.069 closest distance to " CA GLY A 211 " = 1.335
peak= 3.068 closest distance to " CB ALA A 43 " = 0.820
peak= 3.061 closest distance to " O HOH Z 9 " = 1.989
peak= 3.058 closest distance to " O HOH Z 421 " = 2.980
peak= 3.057 closest distance to " CG ARG A 159 " = 0.877
peak= 3.042 closest distance to " O ALA A 158 " = 1.228
peak= 3.040 closest distance to " O HOH Z 358 " = 2.240
peak= 3.020 closest distance to " CB PHE A 204 " = 0.716
peak= 3.009 closest distance to " O THR A 220 " = 1.043
----------holes----------
Number of peaks found at mFobs-DFmodel map (map cutoff=3.00 sigma)= 194
Filter by distance & map next to the model:
mapped sites are within: 0.738 - 5.609
number of sites selected in [dist_min= 0.70, dist_max= 6.00]: 194 from: 194
mapped sites are within: 0.738 - 5.609
peak= -4.869 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 112 " = 2.635
peak= -4.810 closest distance to " CD GLN A 58 " = 0.881
peak= -4.699 closest distance to " CD ARG A 14 " = 3.433
peak= -4.524 closest distance to " O HOH Z 211 " = 1.137
peak= -4.368 closest distance to " O PRO A 198 " = 1.272
peak= -4.331 closest distance to " CZ3 TRP A 179 " = 1.221
peak= -4.286 closest distance to " O HOH Z 290 " = 1.049
peak= -4.273 closest distance to " OG SER A 97 " = 2.349
peak= -4.258 closest distance to " CD ARG A 156 " = 2.075
peak= -4.204 closest distance to " CB PRO A 243 " = 2.697
peak= -4.149 closest distance to " O VAL A 67 " = 2.724
peak= -4.147 closest distance to " CD2 TYR A 293 " = 2.038
peak= -4.135 closest distance to " C HIS A 108 " = 1.122
peak= -4.076 closest distance to " O HOH Z 266 " = 5.609
peak= -4.039 closest distance to " CA VAL A 67 " = 2.978
peak= -4.024 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 112 " = 2.865
peak= -4.024 closest distance to " O HOH Z 196 " = 2.006
peak= -3.994 closest distance to " O HOH Z 231 " = 2.318
peak= -3.946 closest distance to " CA GLY A 241 " = 3.360
peak= -3.915 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 250 " = 2.751
peak= -3.905 closest distance to " O HOH Z 394 " = 1.547
peak= -3.895 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 148 " = 1.388
peak= -3.879 closest distance to " CE2 PHE A 61 " = 2.676
peak= -3.863 closest distance to " O ALA A 10 " = 1.641
peak= -3.859 closest distance to " CE2 TYR A 30 " = 2.739
peak= -3.850 closest distance to " O HOH Z 73 " = 2.438
peak= -3.846 closest distance to " CA GLY A 241 " = 2.400
peak= -3.788 closest distance to " NH2 ARG A 79 " = 1.542
peak= -3.782 closest distance to " O HOH Z 377 " = 2.041
peak= -3.776 closest distance to " CA ASP A 298 " = 1.151
peak= -3.769 closest distance to " O HOH Z 10 " = 1.538
peak= -3.735 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 101 " = 2.407
peak= -3.722 closest distance to " CD2 PHE A 192 " = 2.054
peak= -3.712 closest distance to " CG GLN A 223 " = 2.002
peak= -3.704 closest distance to " CB ALA A 43 " = 2.634
peak= -3.699 closest distance to " O HOH Z 216 " = 1.038
peak= -3.695 closest distance to " OG BSER A 134 " = 1.363
peak= -3.678 closest distance to " O HOH Z 166 " = 1.860
peak= -3.667 closest distance to " NH2AARG A 275 " = 5.491
peak= -3.652 closest distance to " O HOH Z 372 " = 2.404
peak= -3.648 closest distance to " CD GLN A 223 " = 0.753
peak= -3.648 closest distance to " N THR A 52 " = 1.621
peak= -3.646 closest distance to " O SER A 210 " = 1.980
peak= -3.646 closest distance to " C MET A 188 " = 1.322
peak= -3.645 closest distance to " CE BMET A 47 " = 1.642
peak= -3.641 closest distance to " N ALA A 43 " = 2.555
peak= -3.637 closest distance to " O HOH Z 185 " = 2.341
peak= -3.635 closest distance to " O ILE A 109 " = 2.568
peak= -3.625 closest distance to " O VAL A 189 " = 2.652
peak= -3.619 closest distance to " O HOH Z 174 " = 3.908
peak= -3.617 closest distance to " CG ARG A 269 " = 2.518
peak= -3.604 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 49 " = 2.892
peak= -3.592 closest distance to " CG MET A 105 " = 1.000
peak= -3.584 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 155 " = 1.186
peak= -3.583 closest distance to " CB HIS A 86 " = 1.173
peak= -3.583 closest distance to " OD1 ASP A 171 " = 1.623
peak= -3.576 closest distance to " CE MET A 105 " = 2.352
peak= -3.569 closest distance to " O HOH Z 359 " = 3.068
peak= -3.559 closest distance to " O HOH Z 38 " = 1.534
peak= -3.553 closest distance to " O HOH Z 198 " = 1.959
peak= -3.553 closest distance to " CG GLU A 277 " = 1.235
peak= -3.550 closest distance to " O HOH Z 351 " = 1.554
peak= -3.525 closest distance to " CB ALA A 291 " = 2.332
peak= -3.514 closest distance to " OXT GLY A 302 " = 2.993
peak= -3.508 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 150 " = 2.274
peak= -3.499 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 60 " = 1.311
peak= -3.490 closest distance to " O HOH Z 37 " = 1.801
peak= -3.486 closest distance to " CB ALA A 291 " = 2.396
peak= -3.480 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 255 " = 2.941
peak= -3.476 closest distance to " CG GLN A 11 " = 1.666
peak= -3.471 closest distance to " CB ASN A 39 " = 2.276
peak= -3.464 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 249 " = 2.446
peak= -3.461 closest distance to " CD PRO A 243 " = 2.177
peak= -3.461 closest distance to " O HOH Z 128 " = 2.641
peak= -3.456 closest distance to " O TYR A 247 " = 2.854
peak= -3.448 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 194 " = 1.949
peak= -3.447 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 125 " = 1.811
peak= -3.441 closest distance to " O HOH Z 176 " = 0.738
peak= -3.440 closest distance to " CD GLN A 88 " = 0.819
peak= -3.440 closest distance to " O HOH Z 407 " = 3.212
peak= -3.438 closest distance to " CB ASP A 286 " = 2.018
peak= -3.433 closest distance to " CB ALA A 129 " = 2.468
peak= -3.426 closest distance to " O VAL A 189 " = 1.594
peak= -3.421 closest distance to " O HOH Z 421 " = 3.209
peak= -3.417 closest distance to " O HOH Z 313 " = 1.898
peak= -3.413 closest distance to " O HOH Z 393 " = 1.306
peak= -3.410 closest distance to " N ALA A 248 " = 1.748
peak= -3.399 closest distance to " CD ARG A 79 " = 1.173
peak= -3.393 closest distance to " CG2 ILE A 263 " = 2.348
peak= -3.385 closest distance to " CG1BVAL A 41 " = 2.752
peak= -3.379 closest distance to " O ILE A 106 " = 1.935
peak= -3.365 closest distance to " O GLY A 211 " = 1.352
peak= -3.359 closest distance to " O HOH Z 174 " = 2.611
peak= -3.359 closest distance to " CZ PHE A 38 " = 2.066
peak= -3.358 closest distance to " CA GLY A 241 " = 2.891
peak= -3.357 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 278 " = 1.549
peak= -3.350 closest distance to " O HOH Z 134 " = 3.141
peak= -3.349 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 45 " = 1.878
peak= -3.347 closest distance to " CG GLU A 53 " = 1.583
peak= -3.346 closest distance to " C ASN A 285 " = 2.407
peak= -3.342 closest distance to " O HOH Z 232 " = 1.629
peak= -3.341 closest distance to " O HOH Z 149 " = 2.234
peak= -3.333 closest distance to " CB TRP A 85 " = 2.583
peak= -3.333 closest distance to " O HOH Z 102 " = 1.600
peak= -3.331 closest distance to " C ALA A 158 " = 1.451
peak= -3.329 closest distance to " O HOH Z 60 " = 1.964
peak= -3.328 closest distance to " O HOH Z 60 " = 1.305
peak= -3.327 closest distance to " C LEU A 143 " = 1.084
peak= -3.324 closest distance to " O PHE A 218 " = 1.506
peak= -3.324 closest distance to " CD GLN A 223 " = 0.811
peak= -3.309 closest distance to " O HOH Z 106 " = 1.960
peak= -3.308 closest distance to " O HOH Z 278 " = 1.152
peak= -3.298 closest distance to " CG2 VAL A 189 " = 2.180
peak= -3.295 closest distance to " O HOH Z 51 " = 1.806
peak= -3.294 closest distance to " CG LEU A 83 " = 1.991
peak= -3.292 closest distance to " O HOH Z 311 " = 3.810
peak= -3.289 closest distance to " OH TYR A 247 " = 2.201
peak= -3.287 closest distance to " CB PRO A 163 " = 2.477
peak= -3.287 closest distance to " CD GLN A 73 " = 0.805
peak= -3.285 closest distance to " CB ALA A 100 " = 2.185
peak= -3.284 closest distance to " O HOH Z 114 " = 3.140
peak= -3.283 closest distance to " CG PHE A 283 " = 2.664
peak= -3.282 closest distance to " O PRO A 163 " = 2.013
peak= -3.281 closest distance to " O HOH Z 100 " = 1.145
peak= -3.278 closest distance to " O HOH Z 389 " = 2.051
peak= -3.278 closest distance to " NE2 GLN A 88 " = 1.959
peak= -3.265 closest distance to " CB ALA A 248 " = 2.450
peak= -3.265 closest distance to " O GLY A 17 " = 1.219
peak= -3.264 closest distance to " ND2 ASN A 60 " = 4.168
peak= -3.260 closest distance to " CZ3 TRP A 274 " = 1.069
peak= -3.258 closest distance to " C GLY A 262 " = 1.979
peak= -3.256 closest distance to " C SER A 206 " = 1.460
peak= -3.255 closest distance to " CG ASP A 132 " = 2.361
peak= -3.254 closest distance to " O HOH Z 429 " = 1.930
peak= -3.250 closest distance to " CA GLY A 203 " = 2.525
peak= -3.243 closest distance to " CG1AVAL A 41 " = 2.774
peak= -3.243 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 274 " = 2.527
peak= -3.239 closest distance to " CB PHE A 16 " = 2.503
peak= -3.237 closest distance to " O HOH Z 53 " = 1.640
peak= -3.235 closest distance to " O SER A 95 " = 1.734
peak= -3.233 closest distance to " CB ALA A 10 " = 2.254
peak= -3.229 closest distance to " O ALA A 34 " = 2.603
peak= -3.227 closest distance to " O HOH Z 111 " = 1.774
peak= -3.223 closest distance to " NE1 TRP A 266 " = 2.326
peak= -3.221 closest distance to " O HOH Z 52 " = 1.642
peak= -3.220 closest distance to " O GLN A 94 " = 2.189
peak= -3.213 closest distance to " O HOH Z 396 " = 2.182
peak= -3.211 closest distance to " CA GLY A 287 " = 1.641
peak= -3.211 closest distance to " O HOH Z 275 " = 1.555
peak= -3.208 closest distance to " OD2 ASP A 171 " = 1.884
peak= -3.207 closest distance to " O HOH Z 298 " = 2.538
peak= -3.207 closest distance to " O HOH Z 193 " = 1.469
peak= -3.202 closest distance to " O LEU A 300 " = 2.462
peak= -3.200 closest distance to " N ALA A 226 " = 2.152
peak= -3.198 closest distance to " O HOH Z 47 " = 1.651
peak= -3.197 closest distance to " CE3 TRP A 70 " = 1.892
peak= -3.195 closest distance to " CD1 LEU A 5 " = 2.562
peak= -3.194 closest distance to " CG ARG A 66 " = 2.336
peak= -3.191 closest distance to " O HOH Z 114 " = 1.444
peak= -3.182 closest distance to " CD GLN A 11 " = 0.750
peak= -3.182 closest distance to " O GLY A 196 " = 1.232
peak= -3.181 closest distance to " CD2 PHE A 61 " = 2.069
peak= -3.177 closest distance to " O HOH Z 326 " = 5.073
peak= -3.174 closest distance to " O HOH Z 357 " = 2.141
peak= -3.172 closest distance to " CG1 VAL A 265 " = 2.806
peak= -3.172 closest distance to " OE1 GLU A 44 " = 0.969
peak= -3.162 closest distance to " C GLY A 13 " = 0.830
peak= -3.161 closest distance to " CG TRP A 266 " = 1.878
peak= -3.153 closest distance to " N GLN A 58 " = 1.748
peak= -3.146 closest distance to " O ASP A 270 " = 2.056
peak= -3.146 closest distance to " CD1 ILE A 239 " = 2.093
peak= -3.144 closest distance to " O HOH Z 198 " = 1.202
peak= -3.144 closest distance to " O HOH Z 323 " = 1.403
peak= -3.141 closest distance to " O HOH Z 198 " = 1.409
peak= -3.135 closest distance to " O HOH Z 6 " = 1.275
peak= -3.135 closest distance to " O ALA A 292 " = 2.066
peak= -3.133 closest distance to " O HOH Z 139 " = 4.868
peak= -3.129 closest distance to " O HOH Z 281 " = 2.617
peak= -3.129 closest distance to " O GLN A 240 " = 2.630
peak= -3.127 closest distance to " O SER A 135 " = 1.489
peak= -3.125 closest distance to " OD1 ASN A 173 " = 1.337
peak= -3.124 closest distance to " O HOH Z 371 " = 1.691
peak= -3.123 closest distance to " O HOH Z 71 " = 2.502
peak= -3.115 closest distance to " N ASP A 171 " = 2.318
peak= -3.114 closest distance to " OG BSER A 134 " = 1.935
peak= -3.107 closest distance to " O HOH Z 63 " = 1.854
peak= -3.106 closest distance to " OE1 GLN A 88 " = 0.992
peak= -3.103 closest distance to " OD2 ASP A 191 " = 1.490
peak= -3.102 closest distance to " CA GLY A 133 " = 2.295
peak= -3.073 closest distance to " O HOH Z 353 " = 2.236
peak= -3.053 closest distance to " CD1 TRP A 70 " = 1.049
peak= -3.050 closest distance to " O HOH Z 241 " = 1.311
peak= -3.029 closest distance to " C LEU A 222 " = 0.892
peak= -3.027 closest distance to " O HOH Z 348 " = 2.250
================= overall refinement statistics: step by step =================
****************** REFINEMENT STATISTICS STEP BY STEP ******************
leading digit, like 1_, means number of macro-cycle
0 : statistics at the very beginning when nothing is done yet
1_bss: bulk solvent correction and/or (anisotropic) scaling
1_xyz: refinement of coordinates
1_adp: refinement of ADPs (Atomic Displacement Parameters)
1_occ: refinement of individual occupancies
------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-factors, x-ray target values and norm of gradient of x-ray target
stage r-work r-free xray_target_w xray_target_t
0 : 0.3787 0.3711 6.168837e+00 6.150154e+00
1_bss: 0.3630 0.3557 6.146182e+00 6.126988e+00
1_xyz: 0.2239 0.2523 5.710744e+00 5.802304e+00
1_adp: 0.2062 0.2559 5.660807e+00 5.815341e+00
1_occ: 0.2058 0.2560 5.660693e+00 5.816879e+00
2_bss: 0.2011 0.2526 5.646642e+00 5.806641e+00
2_xyz: 0.1489 0.1889 5.368359e+00 5.556524e+00
2_adp: 0.1359 0.1817 5.303290e+00 5.519748e+00
2_occ: 0.1358 0.1815 5.302333e+00 5.518985e+00
3_bss: 0.1353 0.1803 5.297335e+00 5.512469e+00
3_xyz: 0.1215 0.1690 5.212768e+00 5.448428e+00
3_adp: 0.1192 0.1668 5.197388e+00 5.434786e+00
3_occ: 0.1190 0.1668 5.197248e+00 5.435126e+00
4_bss: 0.1188 0.1665 5.196887e+00 5.435079e+00
4_xyz: 0.1148 0.1645 5.175665e+00 5.424236e+00
4_adp: 0.1154 0.1616 5.171152e+00 5.410877e+00
4_occ: 0.1153 0.1614 5.170650e+00 5.410905e+00
5_bss: 0.1152 0.1615 5.170574e+00 5.411128e+00
5_xyz: 0.1161 0.1623 5.177481e+00 5.416685e+00
5_adp: 0.1162 0.1624 5.178191e+00 5.417191e+00
5_occ: 0.1161 0.1624 5.178329e+00 5.417666e+00
5_bss: 0.1161 0.1613 5.175111e+00 5.412284e+00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage k_sol b_sol b11 b22 b33 b12 b13 b23
0 : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_bss: 0.313 60.330 -3.030 -2.241 6.037 -0.000 0.000 0.000
1_xyz: 0.313 60.330 -3.030 -2.241 6.037 -0.000 0.000 0.000
1_adp: 0.313 60.330 -3.030 -2.241 6.037 -0.000 0.000 0.000
1_occ: 0.313 60.330 -3.030 -2.241 6.037 -0.000 0.000 0.000
2_bss: 0.339 73.702 -2.949 -2.334 1.243 -0.000 0.000 0.000
2_xyz: 0.339 73.702 -2.949 -2.334 1.243 -0.000 0.000 0.000
2_adp: 0.339 73.702 -2.949 -2.334 1.243 -0.000 0.000 0.000
2_occ: 0.339 73.702 -2.949 -2.334 1.243 -0.000 0.000 0.000
3_bss: 0.337 79.248 -2.632 -2.104 0.216 -0.000 0.000 0.000
3_xyz: 0.337 79.248 -2.632 -2.104 0.216 -0.000 0.000 0.000
3_adp: 0.337 79.248 -2.632 -2.104 0.216 -0.000 0.000 0.000
3_occ: 0.337 79.248 -2.632 -2.104 0.216 -0.000 0.000 0.000
4_bss: 0.330 71.351 -2.067 -1.717 0.264 -0.000 0.000 0.000
4_xyz: 0.330 71.351 -2.067 -1.717 0.264 -0.000 0.000 0.000
4_adp: 0.330 71.351 -2.067 -1.717 0.264 -0.000 0.000 0.000
4_occ: 0.330 71.351 -2.067 -1.717 0.264 -0.000 0.000 0.000
5_bss: 0.319 61.201 -2.082 -1.740 0.077 -0.000 0.000 0.000
5_xyz: 0.319 61.201 -2.082 -1.740 0.077 -0.000 0.000 0.000
5_adp: 0.319 61.201 -2.082 -1.740 0.077 -0.000 0.000 0.000
5_occ: 0.319 61.201 -2.082 -1.740 0.077 -0.000 0.000 0.000
5_bss: 0.321 61.328 -1.995 -1.655 0.127 -0.000 0.000 0.000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage <pher> fom alpha beta
0 : 41.011 0.6329 0.7833 41124.795
1_bss: 39.734 0.6468 0.8102 38049.878
1_xyz: 24.710 0.8154 0.9798 16156.261
1_adp: 25.316 0.8084 0.9768 16708.458
1_occ: 25.381 0.8077 0.9757 16762.242
2_bss: 24.667 0.8157 0.9338 16330.983
2_xyz: 17.956 0.8805 0.9693 9082.343
2_adp: 16.940 0.8899 0.9620 8380.011
2_occ: 16.916 0.8901 0.9621 8361.375
3_bss: 16.752 0.8915 0.9579 8224.020
3_xyz: 15.273 0.9044 0.9664 7198.764
3_adp: 14.901 0.9079 0.9580 7008.376
3_occ: 14.906 0.9078 0.9577 7010.591
4_bss: 14.904 0.9079 0.9693 7012.620
4_xyz: 14.669 0.9099 0.9718 6851.584
4_adp: 14.329 0.9127 0.9675 6696.403
4_occ: 14.327 0.9127 0.9674 6690.134
5_bss: 14.330 0.9127 0.9648 6689.602
5_xyz: 14.412 0.9122 0.9638 6765.624
5_adp: 14.404 0.9123 0.9578 6780.691
5_occ: 14.411 0.9122 0.9577 6783.481
5_bss: 14.334 0.9127 0.9590 6657.142
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage angl bond chir dihe plan repu geom_target
0 : 1.822 0.010 0.101 15.968 0.009 4.114 1.6784e-01
1_bss: 1.822 0.010 0.101 15.968 0.009 4.114 1.6784e-01
1_xyz: 1.415 0.012 0.087 15.574 0.006 4.120 1.0562e-01
1_adp: 1.415 0.012 0.087 15.574 0.006 4.120 1.0562e-01
1_occ: 1.415 0.012 0.087 15.574 0.006 4.120 1.0562e-01
2_bss: 1.415 0.012 0.087 15.574 0.006 4.120 1.0562e-01
2_xyz: 1.085 0.009 0.079 15.130 0.005 4.116 7.0085e-02
2_adp: 1.085 0.009 0.079 15.130 0.005 4.116 7.0085e-02
2_occ: 1.085 0.009 0.079 15.130 0.005 4.116 7.0085e-02
3_bss: 1.085 0.009 0.079 15.130 0.005 4.116 7.0085e-02
3_xyz: 1.095 0.010 0.080 14.934 0.004 4.124 7.0824e-02
3_adp: 1.095 0.010 0.080 14.934 0.004 4.124 7.0824e-02
3_occ: 1.095 0.010 0.080 14.934 0.004 4.124 7.0824e-02
4_bss: 1.095 0.010 0.080 14.934 0.004 4.124 7.0824e-02
4_xyz: 1.110 0.011 0.085 14.943 0.004 4.118 7.5595e-02
4_adp: 1.110 0.011 0.085 14.943 0.004 4.118 7.5595e-02
4_occ: 1.110 0.011 0.085 14.943 0.004 4.118 7.5595e-02
5_bss: 1.110 0.011 0.085 14.943 0.004 4.118 7.5595e-02
5_xyz: 1.033 0.009 0.079 14.728 0.003 4.119 6.5402e-02
5_adp: 1.033 0.009 0.079 14.728 0.003 4.119 6.5402e-02
5_occ: 1.033 0.009 0.079 14.728 0.003 4.119 6.5402e-02
5_bss: 1.033 0.009 0.079 14.728 0.003 4.119 6.5402e-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximal deviations:
stage angl bond chir dihe plan repu |grad|
0 : 9.874 0.070 0.314 85.889 0.055 1.540 2.4448e-01
1_bss: 9.874 0.070 0.314 85.889 0.055 1.540 2.4448e-01
1_xyz: 9.150 0.060 0.297 81.707 0.044 2.148 1.0638e-01
1_adp: 9.150 0.060 0.297 81.707 0.044 2.148 1.0638e-01
1_occ: 9.150 0.060 0.297 81.707 0.044 2.148 1.0638e-01
2_bss: 9.150 0.060 0.297 81.707 0.044 2.148 1.0638e-01
2_xyz: 6.865 0.054 0.237 85.690 0.052 2.357 9.3771e-02
2_adp: 6.865 0.054 0.237 85.690 0.052 2.357 9.3771e-02
2_occ: 6.865 0.054 0.237 85.690 0.052 2.357 9.3771e-02
3_bss: 6.865 0.054 0.237 85.690 0.052 2.357 9.3771e-02
3_xyz: 7.668 0.053 0.254 83.161 0.038 2.375 4.6247e-02
3_adp: 7.668 0.053 0.254 83.161 0.038 2.375 4.6247e-02
3_occ: 7.668 0.053 0.254 83.161 0.038 2.375 4.6247e-02
4_bss: 7.668 0.053 0.254 83.161 0.038 2.375 4.6247e-02
4_xyz: 7.601 0.058 0.281 83.992 0.037 2.348 5.5061e-02
4_adp: 7.601 0.058 0.281 83.992 0.037 2.348 5.5061e-02
4_occ: 7.601 0.058 0.281 83.992 0.037 2.348 5.5061e-02
5_bss: 7.601 0.058 0.281 83.992 0.037 2.348 5.5061e-02
5_xyz: 7.080 0.051 0.248 82.641 0.034 2.390 4.1868e-02
5_adp: 7.080 0.051 0.248 82.641 0.034 2.390 4.1868e-02
5_occ: 7.080 0.051 0.248 82.641 0.034 2.390 4.1868e-02
5_bss: 7.080 0.051 0.248 82.641 0.034 2.390 4.1868e-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|-----overall-----|---macromolecule----|------solvent-------|
stage b_max b_min b_ave b_max b_min b_ave b_max b_min b_ave
0 : 63.06 5.09 16.02 49.51 5.09 12.19 63.06 6.19 36.87
1_bss: 63.06 5.09 16.02 49.51 5.09 12.19 63.06 6.19 36.87
1_xyz: 63.06 5.09 16.02 49.51 5.09 12.19 63.06 6.19 36.87
1_adp: 96.31 0.00 16.80 96.31 0.00 12.84 64.23 4.65 38.34
1_occ: 96.31 0.00 16.80 96.31 0.00 12.84 64.23 4.65 38.34
2_bss: 96.31 0.00 16.80 96.31 0.00 12.84 64.23 4.65 38.34
2_xyz: 96.31 0.00 16.80 96.31 0.00 12.84 64.23 4.65 38.34
2_adp: 84.64 0.00 17.74 79.94 0.00 13.05 84.64 5.18 43.27
2_occ: 84.64 0.00 17.74 79.94 0.00 13.05 84.64 5.18 43.27
3_bss: 84.64 0.00 17.74 79.94 0.00 13.05 84.64 5.18 43.27
3_xyz: 84.64 0.00 17.74 79.94 0.00 13.05 84.64 5.18 43.27
3_adp: 91.96 0.00 17.43 87.66 0.00 12.78 91.96 0.00 42.76
3_occ: 91.96 0.00 17.43 87.66 0.00 12.78 91.96 0.00 42.76
4_bss: 91.96 0.00 17.43 87.66 0.00 12.78 91.96 0.00 42.76
4_xyz: 91.96 0.00 17.43 87.66 0.00 12.78 91.96 0.00 42.76
4_adp: 84.52 1.19 16.40 79.43 1.19 12.34 84.52 1.74 38.48
4_occ: 84.52 1.19 16.40 79.43 1.19 12.34 84.52 1.74 38.48
5_bss: 84.52 1.19 16.40 79.43 1.19 12.34 84.52 1.74 38.48
5_xyz: 84.52 1.19 16.40 79.43 1.19 12.34 84.52 1.74 38.48
5_adp: 81.81 1.21 16.11 78.01 1.21 12.16 81.81 3.43 37.60
5_occ: 81.81 1.21 16.11 78.01 1.21 12.16 81.81 3.43 37.60
5_bss: 81.77 1.17 16.07 77.97 1.17 12.12 81.77 3.39 37.56
------------------------------------------------------------------------
stage Deviation of refined
model from start model
max min mean
0 : 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_bss: 0.000 0.000 0.000
1_xyz: 1.300 0.021 0.410
1_adp: 1.300 0.021 0.410
1_occ: 1.300 0.021 0.410
2_bss: 1.300 0.021 0.410
2_xyz: 1.184 0.046 0.475
2_adp: 1.184 0.046 0.475
2_occ: 1.184 0.046 0.475
3_bss: 1.184 0.046 0.475
3_xyz: 1.109 0.031 0.510
3_adp: 1.109 0.031 0.510
3_occ: 1.109 0.031 0.510
4_bss: 1.109 0.031 0.510
4_xyz: 1.371 0.055 0.528
4_adp: 1.371 0.055 0.528
4_occ: 1.371 0.055 0.528
5_bss: 1.371 0.055 0.528
5_xyz: 1.499 0.040 0.533
5_adp: 1.499 0.040 0.533
5_occ: 1.499 0.040 0.533
5_bss: 1.499 0.040 0.533
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CPU time actual refinement: 270.43
============================== Exporting results ==============================
Writing refined structure to PDB file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001.pdb
n_use = 2823
n_use_u_iso = 2823
n_use_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_site = 0
n_grad_u_iso = 0
n_grad_u_aniso = 0
n_grad_occupancy = 106
n_grad_fp = 0
n_grad_fdp = 0
n_anisotropic_flag = 0
total number of scatterers = 2823
Writing 2mFobs-DFmodel XPLOR map to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001_2mFobs-DFmodel.map
Writing mFobs-DFmodel XPLOR map to file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001_mFobs-DFmodel.map
Writing map coefficients to MTZ file:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_001_map_coeffs.mtz
Writing default parameters for subsequent refinement:
/net/cci-filer1/vol1/tmp/phzwart/tassos/noshake/run_802/model_refine_002.def
=============================== Detailed timings ==============================
Pure refinement (no I/O, processing, etc)= 270.30
Macro-tasks:
bulk solvent and scale = 37.37
individual site refinement = 109.87
weights calculation = 23.67
collect and process = 5.43
model show statistics = 0.09
TOTAL for macro-tasks = 176.43
Micro-tasks:
mask = 1.43
f_calc = 83.24
alpha_beta = 6.79
target = 0.97
gradients_wrt_atomic_parameters = 91.06
fmodel = 5.94
r_factors = 0.15
phase_errors = 9.06
foms = 0.26
TOTAL for micro-tasks = 198.90
NUMBER OF MASK CALCS= 4
Time per interpreted Python bytecode instruction: 3.845 micro seconds
Total CPU time: 4.70 minutes
from_scatterers_fft: 632 calls, 82.93 s
gradients_fft: 577 calls, 79.75 s
=========================== phenix.refine: finished ===========================
# Date 2008-01-16 Time 05:40:55 PST -0800 (1200490855.61 s)
Start R-work = 0.3787, R-free = 0.3711 (no bulk solvent and anisotropic scale)
Final R-work = 0.1366, R-free = 0.1785 (no bulk solvent and anisotropic scale)
Start R-work = 0.3630, R-free = 0.3557
Final R-work = 0.1161, R-free = 0.1613
| en |
converted_docs | 423147 | **Before the**
Federal Communications Commission
Washington, D.C. 20554
+----------------------------------+---+------------------------------+
| In the Matter of | * | MB Docket No. 07-42 |
| | * | |
| Leased Commercial Access | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
| | ) | |
| | * | |
| | * | |
+----------------------------------+---+------------------------------+
REPORT AND ORDER AND
FURTHER NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING
**Adopted: November 27, 2007 Released: February 1, 2008**
**Comment Date: 30 days after date of publication in the Federal
Register**
**Reply Comment Date: 45 days after date of publication in the Federal
Register**
By the Commission: Chairman Martin and Commissioner Adelstein issuing
separate statements; Commissioner Copps approving in part, concurring in
part, and issuing a separate statement; Commissioners Tate and McDowell
dissenting and issuing separate statements.
Table of Contents
Heading Paragraph \#
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II\. Commercial Leased ACCESS RULES 3
A. Background 3
B. Scope of the NPRM 8
C. Discussion 10
i\. Customer Service Standards and Equitable Contract Terms 10
ii\. Response to Bona Fide Proposals for Leased Access 33
iii\. Leased Access Rates 35
a\. Maximum Rate for Leasing a Full Channel 35
b\. The Marginal Implicit Fee 38
c\. The Cable Operator's Net Revenue from a Cable Channel 43
d\. The Net Revenue of the Marginal Channel 44
e\. Determining the Maximum Allowable Leased Access Rate 47
f\. Effective Date of New Rate Regulations 50
iv\. Expedited Process 51
v\. Discovery 57
vi\. Annual Reporting of Leased Access Statistics 66
III\. Constitutional issues 71
IV\. Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making 74
V. PROCEDURAL MATTERS 76
A. Filing Requirements 76
B. Initial and Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 81
C. Paperwork Reduction Act Analysis 83
D. Congressional Review Act 85
VI\. ORDERING CLAUSES 87
APPENDIX A - List of Commenters
APPENDIX B - Revised Rules
APPENDIX C - Standard Protective Order and Declaration for Use in
Section 612 Proceedings
APPENDIX D - Example Calculation of the Leased Access Rate
APPENDIX E - Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
APPENDIX F -- Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
# INTRODUCTION
1. On June 15, 2007, the Commission released a Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking ("NPRM") in this proceeding, seeking comment on its
commercial leased access ("leased access")[^1] and program
carriage[^2] complaint procedures.[^3] The Commission also sought
comment on the implementation of arbitration procedures for
resolving leased access and program carriage disputes.[^4]
2. In this Report and Order, we modify the Commission's leased access
rules. With respect to leased access, we modify the leased access
rate formula; adopt customer service obligations that require
minimal standards and equal treatment of leased access programmers
with other programmers; eliminate the requirement for an independent
accountant to review leased access rates; and require annual
reporting of leased access statistics. We also adopt expedited time
frames for resolution of complaints and improve the discovery
process. Finally, we seek comment in a Further Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking on whether we should apply our new rate methodology to
programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or
program length commercials.
# Commercial Leased ACCESS RULES
## A. Background {#a.-background .unnumbered}
3. The commercial leased access requirements are set forth in Section
612 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended ("Communications
Act").[^5] The statute and corresponding leased access rules require
a cable operator to set aside channel capacity for commercial use by
unaffiliated video programmers. The statutory framework for
commercial leased access was first established by the Cable
Communications Policy Act of 1984.[^6]
4. Congress established leased access set-aside requirements in
proportion to a system's total activated channel capacity. Cable
operators with fewer than 36 channels must set aside channels for
commercial use only if required to do so by a franchise agreement in
effect as of the enactment of Section 612. Operators with 36 to 54
activated channels must set aside 10 percent of those channels not
otherwise required for use or prohibited from use by federal law or
regulation. Operators with 55 to 100 activated channels must set
aside 15 percent of those channels not otherwise required for use or
prohibited from use by federal law or regulation. Cable operators
with more than 100 activated channels must designate 15 percent of
such channels for commercial use. Cable operators are not required
to remove services that were being provided on July 1, 1984, in
order to comply with the statute.[^7]
5. In the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of
1992 ("1992 Cable Act"), Congress broadened Section 612's explicit
statutory purpose to include the promotion of "competition in the
delivery of diverse sources of video programming," in addition to
its original aim of bringing about "the widest possible diversity of
information sources" for cable subscribers, and required the
Commission: (a) to "determine the maximum reasonable rates that a
cable operator may establish . . . for commercial use of designated
channel capacity, including the rate charged for the billing of
rates to subscribers and for the collection of revenue from
subscribers by the cable operator for such use;" (b) to "establish
reasonable terms and conditions for such use, including those for
billing and collection;" and (c) to "establish procedures for the
expedited resolution of disputes concerning rates or carriage . .
."[^8] Congress also required that the Commission's rules not
adversely affect the operation, financial condition, or market
development of the cable system.[^9]
6. In implementing the statutory directive to determine maximum
reasonable rates for leased access, the Commission adopted a maximum
rate formula for full-time carriage on programming tiers based on
the "average implicit fee" that other programmers are implicitly
charged for carriage to permit the operator to recover its costs and
earn a profit.[^10] The Commission also adopted a maximum rate for a
la carte services based on the "highest implicit fee" that other a
la carte services implicitly pay, and a prorated rate for part-time
programming.[^11]
7. Cable operators may use any unused channel capacity designated for
leased access until an unaffiliated programmer obtains use of the
channel capacity pursuant to a written agreement.[^12] Cable
operators may use up to 33 percent of the channel capacity
designated for leased access for qualified minority or educational
programming sources, whether or not the source is affiliated with
the cable operator.[^13] In addition, cable operators may impose
reasonable insurance requirements and must provide the minimal level
of technical support necessary for users to present their material
on cable systems.[^14] Cable operators may not unreasonably refuse
to cooperate with a leased access user in order to prevent that user
from obtaining channel capacity.[^15]
## B. Scope of the NPRM {#b.-scope-of-the-nprm .unnumbered}
8. In the NPRM, the Commission sought comment on the current status of
leased access programming, such as whether, which and what type of
programmers are using leased access channels; the number of full and
part-time leased access channels that cable operators provide and
are used; how often cable operators turn down requests for leased
access and why; to what extent and for what purposes do cable
operators use the channels and does this use contribute to
programmers' lack of use; and whether the terms in leased access
agreements, such as insurance or termination provisions, are the
same or similar to those terms that the cable operator has with its
own affiliated or non-affiliated programmers. The Commission also
sought comment on the effectiveness of leased access enforcement;
the costs and burdens associated with the complaint or other dispute
resolution processes, time frames for the process; whether the
process is being fully utilized and whether cable operators are
complying with existing requirements and time frames.[^16]
9. The Commission sought comment on the rate formula for leased access
channels; whether the development of digital signal processing and
signal compression technologies require changes in the formula;[^17]
whether changes in technology require flexibility in the delivery
format; whether the rules should allow more flexibility in tier and
channel location; whether leased access should apply to
video-on-demand ("VOD") or other technologies; and whether any
advances in technology or marketplace developments affect the leased
access rules, such as interactive electronic programming guides and
addressable digital set-top boxes.[^18]
## C. Discussion {#c.-discussion .unnumbered}
### Customer Service Standards and Equitable Contract Terms
10. *Background*. In this Order, we adopt uniform customer service
standards to address the treatment of leased access programmers and
potential leased access programmers by cable system operators. In
response to the NPRM, we received numerous comments outlining poor
customer service practices and the imposition of unreasonable rates,
terms and conditions for leased access by cable system operators.
The record shows that poor customer service standards are impeding
independent programmers' efforts to lease cable channels on
unaffiliated cable systems by dissuading them from pursuing their
statutory right to designated commercial leased access
channels.[^19] For example, Pope Broadcasting Company ("PBC") claims
that it has experienced "unethical, illegal and discriminatory
practices by a number of cable providers."[^20] CaribeVision
Holdings, LLC ("CaribeVH") argues for more specific guidelines in
the Commission's Rules, other than just references in the rules to
"reasonable" and "expeditious" treatment.[^21] CaribeVH complains of
poor responses to requests for leased access channel information,
both in response time and in substance. MAP argues that cable
systems refuse to include in electronic program guides the necessary
information about leased access channels that would enable viewers
to find programming that may be of interest to them.[^22] Engle
Broadcasting ("Engle") complains that cable operators typically
ignore its requests for information regarding rates and available
time slots or flat out refuse to give rates claiming there was "no
time available."[^23]
11. In response, cable operators contend that they respond to requests
for leased access in a timely manner and that the rates, terms, and
conditions that they offer for leased access are reasonable. NCTA
states that leased access generally proceeds smoothly on the local
level, with few complaints arising, because cable operators have an
obligation to reasonably accommodate leased access users and devote
a significant amount of time and energy to that purpose.[^24] Time
Warner Cable, Inc. ("TWC") argues that the current rules require
cable operators to treat leased access programmers the same as other
commercial programmers and that reasonableness standard is often
decided through comparison with the treatment of non-leased access
programmers.[^25] Comcast contends that cable operators are
responsive to requests for leased access information.[^26]
12. *Discussion*. As stated above, in order to make the leased access
carriage process more efficient, we adopt new customer service
standards, in addition to the existing standards. These standards
are designed to ensure that leased access programmers are not
discouraged from pursuing their statutory right to the designated
commercial leased access channels, to facilitate communication of
these rights and obligations to potential programmers, and to ensure
a smooth process for gaining information about a cable system's
available channels. As explained in more detail below, we require
cable system operators to maintain a contact name, telephone number
and e-mail address on its website, and make available by telephone,
a designated person to respond to requests for information about
leased access channels.[^27] We also require cable system operators
to maintain a brief explanation of the leased access statute and
regulations on its website.[^28] Within three business days of a
request for information, a cable system operator shall provide the
prospective leased access programmers with the following
information: (1) The process for requesting leased access
channels;[^29] (2) The geographic levels of service that are
technically possible;[^30] (3) The number and location and time
periods available for each leased access channel;[^31] (4) Whether
the leased access channel is currently being occupied;[^32] (5) A
complete schedule of the operator's statutory maximum full-time and
part-time leased access rates;[^33] (6) A comprehensive schedule
showing how those rates were calculated;[^34] (7) Rates associated
with technical and studio costs;[^35] (8) Electronic programming
guide information;[^36] (9) The available methods of programming
delivery and the instructions, technical requirements and costs for
each method;[^37] (10) A comprehensive sample leased access contract
that includes uniform terms and conditions such as tier and channel
placement, contract terms and conditions, insurance requirements,
length of contract, termination provisions and electronic guide
availability;[^38] and (11) Information regarding prospective launch
dates for the leased access programming.[^39] We explain each of
these standards in further detail below. In addition to the customer
service standards, we adopt penalties for ensuring compliance with
these standards.[^40] We emphasize that the leased access customer
service standards adopted herein are "minimum" standards. We cannot
anticipate each and every instance of interaction between cable
operators and leased access programmers.
13. *Maintenance of Contact Information*. We require every cable system
operator to maintain, on its website, a contact name, telephone
number, and e-mail of an individual designated by the cable system
operator to respond to requests for information about leased access
channels. One of the more basic elements necessary to permit
potential programmers reasonable access to cable systems is ready
availability of a contact name, telephone number, and e-mail address
of a cable system operator that the programmer can use to reach the
appropriate person in the cable system to begin the process for
requesting access to the system. Commenters complain about
individuals located far from the local community. For example, RMI
states that when a new programmer requests information about leased
access, they are directed to a person headquartered over 130 miles
away.[^41] CBA makes a similar complaint.[^42] NCTA, on the other
hand, offers that leased access generally proceeds smoothly at the
local level.[^43] While the physical location of a person designated
as the leased access contact should not be critical in the
relationship between the potential programmer and the cable system
operator, the identity of that person and the ease of access to him
are critical. Other aspects of the rules we adopt here deal with
expeditious and full responses to leased access requests. The fact
that the designated person is located some distance away should not
affect the timeliness and substance of responses.
14. *Timing for Response*. We amend our Rules to require a cable system
operator[^44] to respond to a request for information from a leased
access programmer within three business days. The identity of a
designated person by the cable system operator who the potential
programmer can contact is important only if that person replies
quickly and fully to the requests of the programmer. CaribeVH
complains of poor responses to requests for leased access channel
information, both in response time and in substance.[^45] Engle
complains that the cable operators typically ignore the requests for
information regarding rates and available time slots or flat out
refuse to give rates claiming there was "no time available."[^46]
Positive Media, Inc. d/b/a TV Camden ("PMI") states that when it
tried to request leased access information from its local cable
company, the company responded that it did not know about leased
access.[^47] Our current Rules provide for a 15 day response by
cable system operators to a request by a potential programmer. That
response must include information on channel capacity available, the
applicable rates, and a sample contract if requested. That response
time is unnecessarily long and, as discussed below, the information
is inadequate. Cable operators must have leased access channel
information available in order to be able to comply with the statute
and our Rules. It does not take 15 days to provide a copy of that
information to a potential leased access programmer. Three business
days to reply to a request for such information is more than
adequate. Accordingly, we are amending the response time permitted a
cable system operator to three business days. We are also providing
a more detailed list of information the operator must provide upon
request within that time period. All of the information required to
be provided is necessary for a potential leased access programmer to
be able to file a *bona fide* request for carriage. There is no
reason to delay providing the leased access programmer with the
information it needs to take the necessary steps to obtain access.
15. *Process for Requesting Leased Access Channels*. We require a cable
system operator within three business days of a request to provide a
prospective leased access programmer with the process for requesting
leased access channels. One element of the information the cable
system operator must make available to the potential programmer
within three business days of a request is an explanation of the
cable system operator's process for requesting leased access
channels. In addition to delayed and inadequate responses,
commenters complain that they have to deal with a process and
procedures that are difficult to understand and seem to exist only
to provide resistance. For example, PMI states that when it tried to
request leased access information from its local cable company, the
company responded that it could provide no information about leased
access.[^48] PMI had to file a petition for relief with the
Commission to get rates and channel availability. According to PMI,
although the Commission requests the local programmer and the cable
company to "negotiate" the terms and conditions of any contract for
lease access, its experience with the contract negotiation process
was that any request by PMI was kept out of the contract and every
requirement the cable system made was included. PMI was forced to
argue each point, backed with Commission precedent, to support its
requests, and the cable system's actions had the effect of delaying
and discouraging access to the leased access channels.[^49]
Accordingly, we are requiring that the cable system operator include
an explanation of the operator's process and procedures for
requesting leased access channels.
16. *Geographic Levels of Service that Are Technically Possible.* We
require a cable system operator within three business days of a
request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with the
geographic levels of service that are technically possible.
Commenters complain that cable system operators make available only
limited levels of service.[^50] Typically, the service offered is
defined by the size of the headend.[^51] CaribeVH points out that
with the consolidation of headends, the headend approach is no
longer efficient for a leased access programmer to obtain a channel
serving the local needs of residents in discrete communities.[^52]
As a result, "leased access programmers are . . . forced to purchase
much larger areas at a much higher cost even if their programming is
not relevant to the larger consolidated base."[^53] CaribeVH asks
the Commission to provide for leased access to local communities, as
opposed to large consolidated cable systems.[^54] MAP, on the other
hand, asserts that the Commission should require cable operators to
make rates available on a headend, regional, and national basis with
price sheets available in public files and on request.[^55] We will
not require, at this time, the operator to allow the leased access
programmer to serve discrete communities smaller than the area
served by a headend if they are not doing the same with other
programmers. We acknowledge that with the consolidation of headends,
programmers may be forced to purchase larger areas at higher costs
than they would prefer. We will monitor developments in this area,
and may revisit this issue if circumstances warrant. However, we
will require cable system operators to clearly set out in their
responses to programmers what geographic and subscriber levels of
service they offer.
17. *Number, Location, and Time Periods Available for Each Leased Access
Channel*. We require a cable system operator within three business
days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer
with the number, location, and time periods available for each
leased access channel. One of the more common complaints raised by
commenters was the difficulty they faced in determining just what
channels were available, where they were located, and what time
periods they were available.[^56] Our current Rules provide, simply,
that operators explain how much of the operator's leased access
capacity is available.[^57] CaribVH asks that cable operators be
required to provide, in addition, subscriber totals by headend, on
each of the different tiers; specific channels availabilities, and a
channel lineup; and information to verify leased access rates.[^58]
MAP asserts that programmers should have the ability to select the
tier of their choice and to be secure in their channel
placement.[^59] Shop NBC believes that the Commission should make
clear that certain cable operator practices are *per se*
unreasonable, such as locating leased access programmers in channel
positions with poor transmission quality or in a collective "cable
Siberia," where they cannot easily be located by subscribers.[^60]
iNFO also requests better channel placement for leased access
programmers and points out that its leased access application was
denied by Comcast because the market requested could not be
segregated from a larger market.[^61] iNFO states that as a result
of a settlement, and almost thirty months and \$28,000 of legal
expenses, iNFO eventually gained the rights to a leased access
channel.[^62] It notes that it was placed where there are no
channels close to it.[^63] Our current leased access channel
placement standards provide that programmers be given access to
tiers that have subscriber penetration of more than 50 percent.[^64]
We will not change that requirement, but we will expand on the
current requirement relating to capacity in Section 76.970(i) to
require cable system operators to provide, in their replies to
requests from programmers, the specific number and location and time
periods available for each leased access channel. This greater
degree of certainty should assist programmers in their evaluations.
18. *Explanation of Currently Available and Occupied Leased Access
Channels.* We require a cable system operator within three business
days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer
with an explanation of currently available and occupied leased
access channels. Several commenters complain that cable operators
give delayed, false, or misleading information as to leased access
capacity and availability.[^65] NCTA states that it may be difficult
to specify which channel is available for use at the time of the
request because that information may not be readily available if the
lessee is requesting that an operator open up a new channel for
leasing.[^66] We disagree with NCTA's assertion. Section 612 of the
Communications Act imposes specific requirements on cable operators
with regard to leased access.[^67] It is inherent in these
obligations to be able to provide timely and accurate information to
prospective leased access programmers. Within three business days of
a request by a current or potential leased access programmer, a
cable operator shall provide information documenting: (1) the number
of channels that the cable operator is required to designate for
commercial leased access use pursuant to Section 612(b)(1); (2) the
current availability of those channels for leased access programming
on a full- or part-time basis; (3) the tier on which each leased
access channel is located; (4) the number of customers subscribing
to each tier containing leased access channels; (5) whether those
channels are currently programmed with non-leased access
programming; and (6) how quickly leased access channel capacity can
be made available to the prospective leased access programmer. We
believe this information is vital to enable leased access
programmers to make an informed decision regarding whether to pursue
leased access negotiations with a cable operator. Provision of this
information will also benefit cable operators by timely informing
leased access programmers of current leased access timing and
availability, and thereby eliminating leased access requests that
cannot be accommodated by existing leased access availability.
19. *Schedule and Calculation of Leased Access Rates.* We require a
cable system operator within three business days of a request to
provide a prospective leased access programmer with a schedule and
calculation of its leased access rates. Numerous commenters complain
that cable operators failed to provide timely information on leased
access rates or on how such rates are calculated.[^68] MAP asserts
that the Commission should require cable operators to make rates
available on a head-end, regional, and national basis with price
sheets available in public files and on request.[^69] NCTA points
out that operators are required to maintain sufficient supporting
documentation to justify their rates, including information that
shows the calculations of the implicit fees, and this information
must be available for demonstration to the Commission.[^70] As with
information regarding available and occupied leased access channels,
we believe Section 612 imposes on cable operators the obligation to
provide a timely and accurate explanation of its leased access rates
to prospective leased access programmers. Indeed, as conceded by
NCTA, this obligation is not new.[^71] Rather, we merely amend the
time required for providing this information to prospective leased
access programmers. Accordingly, within three business days of a
request by a current or potential leased access programmer, a cable
operator shall provide information documenting the schedule of all
leased access rates (full- and part-time) available on the cable
system. Cable operators must attach to this schedule a separate
calculation detailing how each rate was derived pursuant to the
revised rate formula adopted herein.[^72] This information will
assist leased access programmers in determining whether leased
access capacity on a given cable system is economically feasible. In
addition, the rate calculations will further assist leased access
programmers in determining whether particular cable operators are
complying with their leased access obligations.
20. *Explanation of Any Rates Associated with Technical or Studio
Costs*. Included in the customer standards we are adopting today is
a requirement that a cable operator provide a prospective leased
access programmer, within three business days of a request, with a
list of fees for providing technical support or studio assistance to
the leased access programmer along with an explanation of such fees
and how they were calculated. We note that our Rules require leased
access providers to reimburse cable operators "for the *reasonable*
cost of any technical support the operators actually provide."[^73]
Further, our rate calculation includes technical costs common to all
programmers so that cable operators may not impose a separate charge
for technical support they already provide to non-leased access
programmers.[^74] Commenters note incidents they assert constitute
cable operator overcharging, such as imposing a technical fee of
\$51.49 to insert a tape into a machine.[^75] Although we do not
have all of the facts before us regarding this specific allegation,
a substantial charge for a minor task is the type of conduct we
would find unreasonable. iNFO states that, although it only reached
one market zone, it was required to buy modulators for four other
zones and that the iNFO channel had a signal quality significantly
inferior to other channels.[^76] At this time, we will not prescribe
an hourly rate for technical support, but instead will monitor the
effectiveness of the new customer standards that require that cable
operators list up front any technical fees along with an explanation
of the fee calculation. If leased access programmers have continued
problems with high technical or studio cost, we will consider
implementing a more specific solution.
21. *Programming Guide Information.* We require a cable system operator
within three business days of a request to provide a prospective
leased access programmer with all relevant information for obtaining
carriage on the program guide(s) provided on the operator's system.
Moreover, we expressly require that, if a cable operator does not
charge non-leased access programmers for carriage of their program
information on a programming guide, the cable operator cannot charge
leased access programmers for such service. MAP states that viewers
cannot identify whether programming designated "paid programming" on
a channel guide is local or ethnic programming or an
infomercial.[^77] CaribeVH argues for a requirement that cable
operators list leased access programming in their printed cable
guides and on the electronic guides on the system.[^78] NCTA argues
that cable operators must be able to differentiate between the
program services that they have chosen and leased access channels in
the program guide and that it is impossible to include part-time
leased access programming in program guides.[^79] Comcast states
that, like other MVPDs, it relies upon third parties to provide the
data content for its electronic program guides and data generally
needs to be supplied to these "metadata aggregators" on a timetable
that is not consistent with leased access arrangements.[^80] Because
of the dynamic nature of leased access programming, we believe that
it would be impracticable to impose a requirement on cable operators
to include all leased access listings in their programming guides.
However, we believe that, in situations where time permits and the
leased access programming information is submitted as reasonably
required by the cable operators, cable operators must ensure that
leased access programming information is incorporated in its program
guide to the same extent that it does so for non-leased access
programmers. In order to accomplish this, cable operators are
required to provide potential leased access programmers with all
relevant information for obtaining carriage on the program guide(s)
provided on the operator's system.[^81] This information shall
include the requirements necessary for a leased access programmer to
have its programming included in the programming guide(s) that serve
the tier of service on which the leased access provider contracts
for carriage. At a minimum, the cable operator must provide: (1) the
format in which leased access programming information must be
provided to the cable operator for inclusion in the appropriate
programming guide; (2) the content requirements for such
information; (3) the time by which such programming information must
be received for inclusion in the programming guide; and (4) the
additional cost, if any, related to carriage of the leased access
programmer's information on the programming guide. We expressly
require that, if a cable operator does not charge non-leased access
programmers for carriage of their program information on a
programming guide, the cable operator cannot charge leased access
programmers for such service.
22. *Methods of Programming Delivery.* We require a cable system
operator within three business days of a request to provide a
prospective leased access programmer with available information
regarding all acceptable, standard methods for delivering leased
access programming to the cable operator. MAP argues that, although
cable systems are now capable of a wide variety of delivery systems
that would allow leased access programmers an opportunity to
narrowly tailor their coverage to niche audiences, cable operators
refuse to allow leased access programmers with access to these
technologies.[^82] MAP asserts that the additional fees charged by
cable operators for services such as tape insertion correspond to no
discernible economic variable and should be prohibited.[^83] CBA
complains of the insistence by cable operators on prohibitively
expensive delivery methods and insistence on payment for equipment
that the leased access provider does not need, as well as
prohibitive technical fees.[^84] With regard to cable operators
restricting programming delivery technology, NCTA argues that the
Commission's has already determined that operators "do not have any
responsibility for assisting in the delivery of programming from a
programmers' studio or production facility to the headend or input
point of the cable system."[^85] Comcast replies that the leased
access programmers' request that the Commission allow them to
deliver their programming to cable operators by any means they
choose, including "tape, DVD, \[I\]nternet, coax, fiber, an
unlicensed frequency wireless microwave, IPTV, or any current or new
technology," is unrealistic, and would increase cable operators'
technical costs.[^86]
23. Because of the variable circumstances experienced by each cable
system, we cannot establish a list of acceptable, standard delivery
methods for leased access programming applicable to all cable
systems. However, we believe that it incumbent upon a cable operator
to provide prospective leased access programmers with sufficient
information to be able to gauge the relative difficulty and expense
of delivering its programming for carriage by the cable operator. A
cable operator must make available information to leased access
programmers regarding all acceptable, standard methods for
delivering leased access programming to the cable operator. For each
method of acceptable, standard delivery, the cable operator shall
provide detailed instructions for the timing of delivery, the place
of delivery, the cable operator employee(s) responsible for
receiving delivery of leased access programming, all technical
requirements and obligations imposed on the leased access
programmer, and the total cost involved with each acceptable,
standard delivery method that will be assessed by the cable
operator. We clarify, however, that cable operators must give
reasonable consideration to any delivery method suggested by a
leased access programmer. A leased access programmer that is denied
the opportunity to deliver its programming via a reasonable method
may file a complaint with the Commission. In such complaint
proceeding, the burden of proof shall be on the cable operator to
demonstrate that its denial was reasonable given the unique
circumstances of its cable system.
24. *Comprehensive Sample Leased Access Carriage Contract.* We require a
cable system operator within three business days of a request to
provide a prospective leased access programmer with a comprehensive
sample leased access carriage contract. We also require a cable
system operator in its leased access carriage contract to apply the
same uniform standards, terms, and conditions to leased access
programmers as it applies to its other programmers. MAP states that
the Commission should require cable operators to include leased
access contracts in their public files and to provide annual reports
on the use of leased access.[^87] PMI supports a standard leased
access downloadable form to eliminate useless delay tactics used by
cable systems.[^88] CaribeVH urges the Commission to set specific
requirements such as a one-year minimum contract length for a leased
access programmer seeking a 24/7 channel for an extended
period.[^89] NCTA states that most cable operators typically have
standard form contracts that they make available to leased access
users within the prescribed 15 day time frame or sooner and delays
are due to lessees' proposed changes.[^90] Comcast states that there
is no basis for the Commission to adopt a standardized leased access
contract.[^91]
25. We agree with the commenters that propose that cable operators be
required to supply a sample leased access agreement to prospective
leased access programmers. NCTA admits that most cable operators
already maintain such contracts and share them with prospective
leased access programmers. We do not intend by this requirement to
infringe the freedom of contract of either party and expressly
clarify that neither the cable operator nor the prospective leased
access programmer need abide by any of the terms and conditions set
forth in the sample contract. Instead, we believe that the provision
of such agreements by cable operators serve to inform leased access
programmers of terms and conditions that are generally acceptable to
the cable operator and will be a useful first step in the initiation
of leased access negotiations. Accordingly, within three business
days of a request by a current or potential leased access
programmer, a cable operator shall provide a copy of a sample leased
access carriage contract setting forth what the cable operator
considers to be the standard terms and conditions for a leased
access carriage agreement.
26. As discussed below, we also require cable system operators to apply
the same uniform standards, terms, and conditions to leased access
programmers as it applies to its other programmers. Leased access
programmers complain of leased access contract terms and conditions
that are unfair, unreasonable, onerous, and overly burdensome or
discriminatory.[^92] Specific unreasonable terms and conditions
complained about include unfair promotion and marketing
practices;[^93] system-by-system leasing requirements;[^94]
insurance and security deposits;[^95] discriminatory treatment in
comparison with other commercial programmers;[^96] unfair treatment
of LPTV broadcasters;[^97] tier and channel placement issues;[^98]
VOD platform issues;[^99] exclusion from electronic program
guides;[^100] excessive technical and other fees;[^101] and
inflexible delivery systems.[^102] Commenters ask that we address
certain contract issues that arise in negotiations. Rather than
dictate specific reasonable terms and conditions, we require that
cable system operators apply the same uniform standards, terms, and
conditions to leased access programmers as it applies to its other
programmers.
27. The Commission has stated in the past that the reasonableness of
specific terms and conditions will be determined on a case-by-case
basis, but set broad guidelines for tier placement and a general
standard of reasonableness for contract terms and conditions.[^103]
Although we conclude that each complaint regarding unreasonable
terms and conditions will continue to be reviewed on a case-by-case
basis, we set out herein additional guidelines that will help to
narrow the range of reasonable practices, terms, and conditions. For
example, numerous parties complain about a requirement to carry
insurance indemnifying the cable system operator. The Commission has
held that requiring a leased access programmer to obtain reasonable
liability insurance coverage does not constitute a violation of the
leased access regulations.[^104] Although the Commission has not
adopted specific conditions or limits regarding the amount of
coverage or the type of insurance policy that operators may require,
the Commission does require that insurance requirements be
reasonable in relation to the objective of the requirement.[^105]
The Commission also placed on cable operators the burden of proof in
establishing reasonableness.[^106] The Commission stated that
reasonable insurance requirements are based on the operator's
practices with respect to insurance requirements imposed on
non-leased access programmers, the likelihood that the nature of the
leased access programming will pose a liability risk for the
operator, previous instances of litigation arising from the leased
access programming, and any other relevant factors.[^107] In a
recent case, the Media Bureau found that the cable system provided
no evidence establishing the reasonableness of its insurance
requirement, such as whether the insurance was required of
non-leased access programmers, whether the cable system operator had
incurred litigation costs in the context for which it need
indemnification, or even that the likelihood that the programming at
issue would pose a liability risk.[^108]
28. We will continue to address complaints about specific contract terms
and conditions on a case-by-case basis. We emphasize that in all
cases, the Commission will evaluate any complaints pursuant to a
reasonableness standard. We also clarify that a cable system
operator may not continue to include terms and conditions in new
contracts that previously have been held to be unreasonable by the
Commission. Not only are our orders binding on the affected parties
to a leased access complaint, but unless and until an order is
stayed or reversed by the Commission, a cable system operator is
under an obligation to follow the Commission's Rules and precedent
in setting its practices, terms, and conditions.
29. Because we do not think that every potential leased access
programmer should be required to file a complaint to determine if
every term in its contract is reasonable, we will require the cable
operator to provide, along with its standard leased access contract,
an explanation and justification, including a cost breakdown, for
any terms and conditions that require the payment or deposit of
funds. This includes insurance and deposit requirements, any fees
for handling or delivery, and any other technical or equipment fees,
such as tape insertion fees. This will allow the leased access
programmer to determine whether the cost is reasonable and expedite
any review by the Commission. For example, we note that RMI contends
that one cable operator charges leased access programmers a fee of
\$51.49 each time a tape is inserted into a playback deck.[^109] We
believe that requiring a cable operator to provide an explanation
and justification for such a fee will encourage cable operators to
impose only reasonable fees or, at least, facilitate the filing of a
leased access complaint demonstrating that such a fee is
unreasonable.
30. With regard to non-monetary terms and conditions, such as channel
and tier placement, targeted programming, access to electronic
program guides, VOD, etc., we similarly require the cable operator
to provide, along with its standard leased access contract, an
explanation and justification of its policy. For example, with
regard to the geographic scope of carriage, if a leased access
programmer requests to have its programming targeted to a finite
group of subscribers based on community location, unless the
operator agrees to the request, it must not provide such limited
carriage to other programmers or channels. To the extent the cable
operator denies the request for limited carriage, the cable operator
must provide an explanation as to why it is technically infeasible
to provide such carriage. If limited carriage is technically
feasible, the cable operator must provide a fee and cost breakdown
for such carriage for comparison with similar coverage provided for
non-leased access programmers.
31. Similarly, with regard to tier placement and channel location, we
require the cable operator to provide, along with its standard
leased access contract, an explanation and justification of its
policy regarding placement of a leased access programmer on a
particular channel as well as an explanation and justification for
the cable operator's policy for relocating leased access channels.
To the extent a request for a particular channel is denied, the
cable operator must provide a detailed explanation and justification
for its decision.
32. *Launch Date*. We require a cable system operator within three
business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access
programmer with information regarding prospective launch dates for
the leased access programmer. Moreover, we require cable operators
to launch leased access programmers within a reasonable amount of
time. We consider 35-60 days after the negotiation is finalized to
be a reasonable amount of time for launch of a programmer, unless
the parties come to a different agreement. We note that this time
frame affords cable operators sufficient time to satisfy the
requirement, if applicable, to provide subscribers with 30-days
written notice in advance of any changes in programming services or
channel positions.[^110] While CaribeVH urges the Commission to
adopt a requirement that a cable operator launch a leased access
programmer within 10-60 days after the programmer requests leased
access information, we find that this would be unnecessarily
disruptive for cable operators because not all leased access
programmers that request information agree to the terms for
carriage.[^111] Requiring the cable operator to launch the leased
access programmer within 35-60 days after negotiations are finalized
mitigates this concern.
### Response to Bona Fide Proposals for Leased Access
33. We adopt Rules to ensure that cable system operators respond to
proposals for leased access in a timely manner and do not
unreasonably delay negotiations for leased access. As leased access
programmers explain, some cable operators have demonstrated an
unwillingness to respond to a proposal for leased access or to
negotiate with a leased access programmer in a timely manner,
thereby impeding access to leased access channel capacity.[^112] To
address this concern, after the cable system operator provides the
information requested above, in order to be considered for carriage
on a leased access channel, we require a leased access programmer to
submit a proposal for carriage by submitting a written proposal that
includes the following information: (1) The desired length of a
contract term; (2) The tier, channel and time slot desired; (3) The
anticipated commencement date for carriage; (4) The nature of the
programming; (5) The geographic and subscriber level of service
requested; and (6) Proposed changes to the sample contract.[^113]
The cable system operator must respond to the proposal by accepting
the proposed terms or offering alternative terms within 10
days.[^114] This same response deadline will apply until an
agreement is reached or negotiations fail.
34. Failure to provide the requested information will result in the
issuance of a notice of apparent liability ("NAL") including a
forfeiture in the amount of \$500.00 per day.[^115] A potential
leased access programmer need not file a formal leased access
complaint pursuant to Section 76.975 of the Commission's Rules in
order to bring a violation of our customer service standards to our
attention.[^116] Rather, the programmer may notify the Commission
either orally or in writing, and where necessary the Commission will
submit a Letter of Inquiry ("LOI") to the cable operator to obtain
additional information. A cable system which is found to have failed
to respond on time with the required information will be issued an
NAL. The same process and forfeiture amount will apply for the
failure to timely respond to a proposal as for the failure to comply
with an information request. We rely on our general enforcement
authority under Section 503 of the Communications Act to impose
forfeitures in appropriate cases.[^117]
### Leased Access Rates
#### Maximum Rate for Leasing a Full Channel
35. *Background.* The Commission's current Rules calculate leased access
rates for all tiers that have subscriber penetration of more than 50
percent. Upon request, cable operators generally must place leased
access programmers on such a tier.[^118] To determine the average
implicit fee for a full-time channel on a tier with a subscriber
penetration over 50 percent, an operator first calculates the total
amount it receives in subscriber revenue per month for the
programming on all such tiers, and then subtracts the total amount
it pays in programming costs per month for such tiers (the "implicit
fee calculation"). A weighting scheme that accounts for differences
in the number of subscribers and channels on all such tier(s) is
used to determine how much of the total will be recovered from a
particular tier.[^119] To calculate the average implicit fee per
channel, the implicit fee for the tier is divided by the number of
channels on the tier. The final result is the rate per month that
the operator may charge the leased access programmer for a full-time
channel on that tier. Where the leased access programmer agrees to
carriage on a tier with less than 50 percent penetration, the
average implicit fee is determined using subscriber revenues and
programming costs for only that tier. The implicit fee for full-time
channel placement as an a la carte service is based upon the revenue
received by the cable operator for non-leased access a la carte
channels on its system.
36. In this Order we modify the method for determining the leased access
rate for full-time carriage on a tier. We harmonize the rate
methodology for carriage on tiers with more than 50% subscriber
penetration and carriage on tiers with lower levels of penetration
by calculating the leased access rate based upon the characteristics
of the tier on which the leased access programming will be placed.
Cable operators will calculate a leased access rate for each cable
system on a tier-by-tier basis which will adequately compensate the
operator for the net revenue that is lost when a leased access
programmer displaces an existing program channel on the cable
system. In addition, the Order sets a maximum allowable leased
access rate of \$0.10 per subscriber per month to ensure that leased
access remains a viable outlet for programmers. At this time we
leave the method for calculating rates for a la carte carriage
unchanged.
37. As an initial matter, we conclude that we will not apply this new
rate methodology to programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations or program length commercials. These programmers
often "pay" for carriage \-- either directly or through some form of
revenue sharing with the cable operator. In our previous Order, we
set the leased access rate for a la carte programmers at the
"highest implicit fee" partly out of a concern that lower
rates would simply lead these programmers to migrate to leased
access if it were less expensive than what they are currently
"paying" for carriage. Such a migration would not add to the
diversity of voices and would potentially financially harm the cable
system. Similarly, we do not wish to set the leased access rates at
a point at which programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations or program length commercials simply migrate to leased
access because it is less expensive than their current commercial
arrangements. We will seek comment in the Further Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking on whether leased access is affordable at current rates
to programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or
program length commercials and whether reduced rates would simply
cause migration of existing services to leased access.
#### The Marginal Implicit Fee
38. The purposes of Section 612 are "to promote competition in the
delivery of diverse sources of video programming and to assure that
the widest possible diversity of information sources are made
available to the public from cable systems in a manner consistent
with growth and development of cable systems."[^120] Because Section
612 also requires that the price, terms and conditions for leased
access be "at least sufficient to assure that such use will not
adversely affect the operation, financial condition or market
development of the cable system,"[^121] the Commission is faced with
balancing the interests of leased access programmers with those of
cable operators. We believe that our method provides a cable
operator with a leased access rate that will allow the operator to
replace an existing channel from its cable system with a leased
access channel without experiencing a loss in net revenue.[^122] In
addition, since we are required to balance the revenue requirement
of cable operators and that of leased access programmers, we will
assume that the cable operator will elect to replace a channel which
does not generate a significant amount of the total net revenue of
the system. We refer to this channel as the marginal channel and use
the marginal implicit fee to determine leased access rates. Our
method was intended to promote the goals of competition and
diversity of programming sources while doing so in a manner
consistent with growth and development of cable systems.[^123]
39. Based on the wide variance between the actual use of leased access
and the goals stated in the law, it appears that the current
"average implicit fee" formula for tiered leased access channels
yields fees that are higher than the statute mandates, resulting in
an underutilization of leased access channels. According to the
Commission's most recent annual cable price survey, cable systems on
average carry only 0.7 leased access channels.[^124] Shop NBC
asserts that due to the "average implicit fee" rate formula leased
access remains unaffordable to large and small independent
programmers alike.[^125] WBGN contends that the rate formula has
contributed to the failure of the leased access system.[^126]
Because our Rules are not achieving their intended purpose, we are
revisiting decisions made in the *Second Report and Order*
establishing the maximum leased access rates in order to make the
leased access channels a more viable outlet for programming.[^127]
Throughout its implementation of Section 612, the Commission has
recognized that the Rules adopted would need refinement as specifics
regarding how the leased access rules were functioning became
available.[^128]
40. In the NPRM, we sought comment on the current rate formula and how
any proposed changes would better serve Congress's statutory
objectives.[^129] Some commenters suggest that the Commission depart
from the implicit fee approach.[^130] Some commenters propose a
universal flat rate per subscriber per month.[^131] We agree that
such an approach offers some appealing aspects in terms of ease of
administration and consistency of leased access charges across cable
operators. As the Commission expressed in the *Second Report and
Order*, however, "the fundamental limitation with a flat rate
approach is selecting a rate that is appropriate for all cable
systems."[^132] Due to the variances in channel line-ups and tier
prices of cable systems, in most instances, a flat rate would either
over- or undercompensate cable operators. As discussed below,
however, we will set a cap on the maximum rate that cable operators
may charge in order to prevent the construction of tiers in a manner
that makes leased access rates excessively high.
41. We agree with Shop NBC's assertion that the average implicit fee
overcompensates cable operators because it reflects the *average*
value of a channel to the cable operator instead of the value of the
channel replaced.[^133] We will make adjustments to the rate
calculations that should lower prices by using the marginal implicit
fee rather than the average. The result is intended to promote the
goals of leased access by providing more affordable opportunities
for programmers without creating an artificially low rate.
42. The legislative history provides that the leased access provisions
are "aimed at assuring that cable channels are available to enable
program suppliers to furnish programming when the cable operator may
elect not to provide that service as part of the program offerings
he makes available to subscribers"[^134] To promote this legislative
purpose the Commission should set the leased access rates as low as
possible consistent with the requirement to avoid any negative
financial impact on the cable operator. One may assume that the
cable operator, faced with a requirement to free up a channel for
leased access, would have its own incentives to elect to replace one
of the channels with the lowest implicit fee. But even if this is
not the case, the discussion above suggests that the Commission
should set its rules to encourage such a result. This dictates, at
least in principle, the use of the lowest implicit fee, which we
refer to as the "marginal implicit fee." And it supports the
conclusion that the current "average implicit fee" criterion for
tiered channels is higher than warranted by the statute and may be
impeding, rather than promoting, the goals of competition and
diversity of programming sources. These rules provide cable
operators a higher return for lost channel capacity than the value
the cable operator would have received if the channel was not used
for leased access programming.[^135] We will adopt a method which
eliminates this excess recovery. This method remains faithful to the
statutory requirements while more appropriately balancing the
interests of cable operators and leased access programmers.
#### The Cable Operator's Net Revenue from a Cable Channel
43. Cable channels are sold in bundles of channels known as tiers. It is
therefore not possible to directly observe the revenue per
subscriber a cable operator earns from carrying an individual
channel included in a tier. We therefore approximate the revenue
earned by those channels on the tier. To do so we assume that the
revenue generated by each channel is directly proportional to the
per subscriber affiliation fee paid by the cable operator to the
programmer. The first step in the calculation is to determine this
factor of proportionality which we refer to as the mark-up. To do
so, the cable operator will take the total subscriber revenue for
the programming tier at issue and divide by the total of the
affiliation fees that the cable operator pays to the programmers for
the channels on that tier.[^136] This calculation will generate the
mark-up of channels that are sold on the tier. The gross revenue per
subscriber due to carriage of a specific channel on the tier is then
simply the per subscriber affiliation fee paid to the programmer for
the specific channel multiplied by the mark-up.[^137] The net
revenue per subscriber earned by the cable operator from the channel
is the difference between the gross revenue per subscriber and the
per subscriber affiliation fee paid by the cable operator. This
value represents the implicit fee for the channel.
#### The Net Revenue of the Marginal Channel
44. The net revenue per subscriber is the reduction in profit a cable
operator would experience if it did not carry the channel in
question. In our previous method for calculating leased access rates
the calculation was based the average net revenue of all channels
carried by the cable operator. In our new method, we base the leased
access rate on the net revenue of the least profitable channels
voluntarily carried by the cable operators on the tier where the
leased access programming will be carried. We do so because this
represents an approximation of the minimum net revenue a network
must generate in order for the cable operator to consider carrying
it on the tier. As mentioned, we examine the net revenue of channels
that are voluntarily carried by the cable operator. From this
calculation we exclude channels whose carriage is mandated by
statute, regulation, or franchise agreement. These mandated channels
consist of broadcast stations that are subject to the must-carry
rules as well as public, educational, and governmental ("PEG")
channels that are carried pursuant to a franchise agreement. In
addition, broadcaster's multi-cast channels are also excluded from
the marginal channels. Our goal is to base the leased access rate on
the net revenue of channels which are subject to free market
negotiations over the carriage decision and affiliation fee. It is
the net revenue of these types of channels which provides an
indication of the net revenue that would be forgone when a cable
operator devotes channel capacity to a leased access programmer
since the cable operator would be unable to displace a broadcast
station or PEG channel.
45. We identify the least profitable, or marginal, channels using the
fraction of activated channels that a cable operator is statutorily
required to make available for commercial leased access. The leased
access rate is the mean value of net revenue earned by the lowest
earning channels on the tier, up to the designated leased access
fraction of qualifying channels on the tier. For example, in the
case of a cable system with 100 activated channels and 40 channels
on the expanded basic tier, the mean value of the net revenue of the
6 channels with the lowest net revenue will be the leased access
rate for carriage on the expanded basic tier. We use the mean rather
than the minimum value because use of the minimum would
undercompensate the cable operator if more than one leased access
channel was carried because, presumably, all channels other than the
minimum earn higher net revenues. Use of the mean ensures that if
the cable operator carries the statutory maximum number of leased
access channels by displacing the lowest earning channels on its
system, the cable operator will be fully compensated for lost
revenue.
46. Appendix D of this Order presents an example of the calculation of
the leased access rates for a hypothetical cable system.
#### Determining the Maximum Allowable Leased Access Rate
47. We recognize that our tier-based calculation method may lead to
inequitable results in situations when a tier carries only a few
non-mandated programming networks in combination with a large amount
of mandated programming. This may create incentives among cable
operators to design programming tiers that are unaffordable for
leased access programmers. Such an outcome would contravene our
statutory directive. Therefore we institute a maximum allowable rate
based upon industry-wide cable operator programming costs and
revenues. This will ensure that leased access programmers can reach
consumers in all areas of the country. We will permit cable
operators to seek a waiver of the maximum allowable rate to ensure
no unreasonable financial burden is put on any cable operator. The
maximum allowable leased access rate will apply to carriage on any
tier in which the operator-specific leased access rate for the tier
exceeds the maximum allowable rate.
48. We take several approaches to calculating this maximum rate. For
example, we calculate the maximum rate utilizing a methodology based
on per-subscriber affiliation fees that compensates systems that
must vacate a channel in order to provide capacity to a commercial
leased access programmer. We also calculate the maximum allowable
leased access rate using a method that follows the one used to
calculate the system-specific rates. In both cases, maximum rates
for each of the analog and digital tiers are no greater than \$0.10
per subscriber per month.[^138] Therefore, the maximum leased access
rate will not exceed \$0.10 per subscriber per month for any cable
system.
49. Cable operators may petition the Commission to exceed the maximum
allowable leased access rates. A petition for relief must present
specific facts justifying the system's specific leased access rate
and provide an alternative rate which equitably balances the revenue
requirements of the cable operator with the public interest goals of
the leased access statute. Our presumption is that the mean value of
the net revenue of the marginal networks, including those currently
earning no license fee, provides the most reasonable approximation
of the revenue which is forgone when a cable operator carries leased
access programming.
#### Effective Date of New Rate Regulations
50. We recognize that the industry should receive an appropriate amount
of time to review and to take steps to comply with the new rate
regulations set forth above. Section 76.970(j)(3), which contains
new or modified information collection requirements that have not
been approved by the Office of Management and Budget ("OMB"), is
effective upon OMB approval. Section 76.970 is effective 90 days
after date of publication in the Federal Register or upon OMB
approval of § 76.970(j)(3), whichever is later. Thus, at a minimum,
the new rate regulations will not become effective until 90 days
after publication in the Federal Register. After OMB approval is
received, the Commission will publish a document in the Federal
Register announcing the effective date of the rules requiring OMB
approval and those whose effective date was delayed pending OMB
approval of other rules.
### Expedited Process
51. As explained below, we do not change the current pleading cycle for
leased access complaints set forth in Section 76.975 of the
Commission's Rules, which requires the complaint to be filed with
the Commission within 60 days of any alleged violation and the cable
operator to submit a response within 30 days from the date of the
complaint.[^139] The Media Bureau will resolve all leased access
complaints within 90 days of the close of the pleading cycle,
obtaining additional discovery from the parties as necessary to
quickly resolve complaints. Finally, we eliminate the requirement
that a complainant alleging that a leased access rate is
unreasonable must first receive a determination of the cable
operator's maximum permitted rate from an independent
accountant.[^140]
52. *Background*. Leased access programmers argue that the current
complaint process prevents leased access from becoming a genuine
outlet for programmers as Congress intended.[^141] They argue that
leased access complaints can take years to resolve even when they
present no new issues of law.[^142] They argue further that
Commission staff has demonstrated a lack of interest in enforcing
existing leased access rules.[^143] MAP urges the Commission to
adopt a "shot clock" whereby the Commission must act within 90 days
or the complaint will be deemed granted.[^144] Leased access
programmers also urge the Commission to eliminate the independent
accountant requirement for resolving leased access rate
disputes.[^145] They argue that the requirement is costly and
results in delays in resolving leased access rate disputes.[^146]
53. Cable operators argue that the current complaint process is working
as intended by encouraging negotiation over litigation.[^147] Cable
operators claim that very few leased access complaints have been
filed with the Commission and that the number of complaints has
decreased in recent years.[^148] TWC argues that the decrease in
leased access disputes is also attributable to a well-understood
body of precedent that provides clear guidance regarding the leased
access rules.[^149] TWC asks the Commission to revise the pleading
cycle for leased access complaints by reducing from 30 days to 20
days the time in which a cable operator must respond to a leased
access complaint, but to calculate the deadline from the date the
Media Bureau issues a public notice announcing the complaint has
been filed rather than from the date the complaint was filed.[^150]
TWC argues that such a change will serve the public interest by: (i)
allowing other parties to participate in the complaint process; (ii)
integrating the leased access pleading cycle with the generally
applicable complaint pleading cycle in Section 76.7; and (iii)
avoiding the need for cable operators to respond to informal
correspondence filed by leased access programmers with the
Commission that may not warrant treatment as a complaint.[^151]
Cable operators also urge the Commission to retain the independent
accountant requirement for resolving leased access rate disputes,
arguing that it provides a low cost, streamlined process for
obtaining an independent review of rate calculations that protects
the highly confidential proprietary data used in calculating these
rates.[^152]
54. *Discussion*. We retain our existing pleading cycle for resolution
of leased access complaints set forth in Section 76.975 of the
Commission's Rules, which requires the complaint to be filed with
the Commission within 60 days of any alleged violation[^153] and the
cable operator to submit a response within 30 days from the date of
the complaint.[^154] We find that our current pleading cycle is not
too lengthy, as it is imperative that we receive all the necessary
information to resolve the dispute. Although we retain the existing
time limits on filing of complaints, we add an exception that the
time limit on filing complaints will be suspended if the complainant
files a notice with the Commission prior to the expiration of the
filing period, stating that it seeks an extension of the filing
deadline in order to pursue active negotiations with the cable
operator.[^155] The cable operator must agree to the extension.
55. The Media Bureau will resolve all leased access complaints within 90
days of the close of the pleading cycle, obtaining additional
discovery from the parties as necessary to quickly resolve
complaints.[^156] We believe that this expedited process will help
to resolve leased access disputes quickly and efficiently and create
a body of precedent to encourage private negotiations and the
settlement of disputes. If the Media Bureau concludes that the
complainant is entitled to access a leased access channel, the Media
Bureau's resolution of the complaint will include a launch date for
the programming.
56. *Elimination of Independent Accountant Requirement*. We eliminate
the requirement for a complainant alleging that a leased access rate
is unreasonable to first obtain a determination of the cable
operator's maximum permitted rate from an independent accountant
prior to filing a petition for relief with the Commission.[^157]
While the Commission adopted the independent accountant requirement
as a means to "streamline" the leased access complaint
process,[^158] the record reflects that this requirement has not
worked as intended. CaribeVH notes that it took seven months for it
to resolve a leased access rate dispute at a cost of over \$50,000
for the accountant and thousands of dollars more in legal
fees.[^159] Similarly, PBC argues that the process of securing
accountants is not financially feasible for most leased access
programmers.[^160] We conclude that the expense, delay, and
uncertainty for leased access programmers resulting from the
requirement to obtain a determination from an independent accountant
are not what the Commission envisioned in attempting to "streamline"
the leased access complaint process.[^161] Furthermore, we believe
the new rate methodology we have adopted, along with the requirement
to provide rate information and an explanation of how rates were
calculated, will result in a simpler and transparent process for
leased access rates. We also believe the expedited complaint process
and expanded discovery we adopt herein provide leased access
programmers with a more efficient process for challenging the
commercial leased access rates charged by cable operators. While
cable operators argue that the use of an independent accountant is
important to protect commercially sensitive financial information,
the Protective Order we adopt below will sufficiently safeguard such
information.
### Discovery
57. As discussed below, we adopt expanded discovery rules for leased
access complaints to improve the quality and efficiency of the
Commission's resolution of these complaints. We amend our discovery
rules pertaining to leased access complaints to require respondents
to attach to their answers copies of any documents that they rely on
in their defense;[^162] find that in the context of a complaint
proceeding, it would be unreasonable for a respondent not to produce
all the documents either requested by the complainant or ordered by
the Commission, provided that such documents are in its control and
relevant to the dispute,[^163] subject to the protection of
confidential material.[^164] We emphasize that the Commission will
use its authority to issue default orders granting a complaint if a
respondent fails to comply with reasonable discovery requests.[^165]
The respondent shall have the opportunity to object to any request
for documents.[^166] Such request shall be heard, and determination
made, by the Commission.[^167] The respondent need not produce the
disputed discovery material until the Commission has ruled on the
discovery request.[^168] Any party who fails to timely provide
discovery requested by the opposing party to which it has not raised
an objection may be deemed in default and an order may be entered in
accordance with the allegations contained in the complaint, or the
complaint may be dismissed with prejudice.[^169]
58. The Commission's procedures for resolving leased access complaints,
including discovery, have tracked closely the procedures for
resolving program access complaints. The Commission recently made
significant amendments to the program access discovery procedures
and we find that there is good cause to make similar amendments to
our leased access procedures because they will have the same
beneficial effects in this context and will further the statutory
directive that the Commission "establish procedures for the
expedited resolution of disputes concerning rates or
carriage."[^170] As a result of our action herein, the discovery
process for leased access and program access complaints will be
consistent.
59. Cable operators argue that the existing complaint process is working
as intended and that no changes to the process, including the
discovery rules, are required.[^171] Leased access programmers,
however, argue that they should be afforded the right to seek
discovery on how a cable operator has calculated its leased access
rates.[^172] Under the current rules, a leased access complainant is
entitled, either as part of its complaint or through a motion filed
after the respondent's answer is submitted, to request that
Commission staff order discovery of any evidence necessary to prove
its case.[^173] Respondents are also free to request discovery. We
believe that expanded discovery will improve the quality and
efficiency of the Commission's resolution of leased access
complaints. Accordingly, we find that it would be unreasonable for a
respondent not to produce all the documents either requested by the
complainant or ordered by the Commission,[^174] provided that such
documents are in its control and relevant to the dispute. In
reaching this finding, we agree that evidence detailing how the
cable operator calculated its leased access rate, as well as the
availability of certain contracts for carriage of leased access
programming, subject to confidential treatment, are essential for
determining whether the cable operator has violated the Commission's
leased access rules. The Commission's Rules allow the Commission
staff to order production of any documents necessary to the
resolution of a leased access complaint.[^175] The subject discovery
may require the production of confidential material, including
evidence detailing how the cable operator calculated its leased
access rate as well as carriage contracts, subject to our
confidentiality rules. While we retain this process for the
Commission to order the production of documents and other discovery,
we will also allow parties to a leased access complaint to serve
requests for discovery directly on opposing parties.[^176]
60. Parties to a leased access complaint may serve requests for
discovery directly on opposing parties, and file a copy of the
request with the Commission. As discussed above, the respondent
shall have the opportunity to object to any request for documents
that are not in its control or relevant to the dispute. Such request
shall be heard, and determination made, by the Commission. Until the
objection is ruled upon, the obligation to produce the disputed
material is suspended. Any party who fails to timely provide
discovery requested by the opposing party to which it has not raised
an objection as described above may be deemed in default and an
order may be entered in accordance with the allegations contained in
the complaint, or the complaint may be dismissed with prejudice.
61. We reiterate that respondents to leased access complaints must
produce in a timely manner the contracts and other documentation
that are necessary to resolve the complaint, subject to confidential
treatment.[^177] In order to prevent abuse, the Commission will
strictly enforce its default rules against respondents who do not
answer complaints thoroughly or do not respond in a timely manner to
permissible discovery requests with the necessary documentation
attached.[^178] Respondents that do not respond in a timely manner
to all discovery ordered by the Commission will risk penalties,
including having the complaint against them granted by
default.[^179] Likewise, a complainant that fails to respond
promptly to a Commission order regarding discovery will risk having
its complaint dismissed with prejudice.[^180] Finally, a party that
fails to respond promptly to a request for discovery to which it has
not raised a proper objection will be subject to these sanctions as
well.[^181]
62. We understand that this approach requires the submission of
confidential and extremely competitively-sensitive
information.[^182] Accordingly, in order to appropriately safeguard
this confidential information we believe it is necessary to utilize
the protective order adopted for use in our program access
proceedings ("Protective Order"), which we attach hereto as Appendix
C.[^183] The Protective Order sets out the methodology for producing
and protecting pleading or discovery material that is deemed by the
submitting party to contain confidential information.[^184] The
Protective Order states that, once the authorized representative of
the reviewing party has signed the appropriate declaration, the
submitting party *shall* provide a copy of the confidential
information to authorized representatives upon request. Authorized
representatives of reviewing parties are limited to counsel and
their associated attorneys, paralegals, clerical staff and other
employees, to the extent reasonably necessary to render professional
services; specified persons, including employees of the reviewing
parties, requested by counsel to furnish technical or other expert
advice or service, or otherwise engaged to prepare material for the
express purpose of formulating filings in the leased access
proceeding, other than persons in a position to use the confidential
information for competitive commercial or business purposes; and any
person designated by the Commission in the public interest, upon
such terms as the Commission may deem proper.[^185] Confidential
information shall not be used for competitive business purposes, and
shall not be used or disclosed except in accordance with the
Protective Order.
63. To ensure that confidential information is not improperly used for
competitive business purposes, the Protective Order reflects that
any personnel, including in-house counsel, involved in competitive
decision-making are prohibited from accessing the confidential
information. The Protective Order prohibits access to confidential
information by specified persons that are in a position to use the
information for competitive commercial or business purposes and any
counsel, or other persons, including in-house counsel, that are
involved in competitive decision-making are prohibited from access
to confidential material. We define competitive decision-making to
include any activities, association, or relationship with any
person, including the complainant, client, or any authorized
representative, that involves rendering advice or participation in
*any* or all of said person's business decisions that are or will be
made in light of similar or corresponding information about a
competitor.[^186]
64. The Protective Order states that any personnel, including in-house
counsel, (i) that are involved in competitive decision-making, (ii)
are in a position to use the confidential information for
competitive commercial or business purposes, or (iii) whose
activities, association, or relationship with the complainant,
client, or any authorized representative involve rendering advice or
participation in any or all of said person's business decisions that
are or will be made in light of similar or corresponding information
about a competitor, are prohibited from accessing the confidential
information.[^187]
65. A Protective Order constitutes both an Order of the Commission and
an agreement between the party executing the declaration and the
submitting party. The Commission has full authority to fashion
appropriate sanctions for violations of its protective orders,
including but not limited to suspension or disbarment of attorneys
from practice before the Commission, forfeitures, cease and desist
orders, and denial of further access to confidential information in
Commission proceedings. We intend to vigorously enforce any
transgressions of the provisions of our protective orders. [^188]
### Annual Reporting of Leased Access Statistics
66. We adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable operators to
submit information pertaining to leased access rates, usage, channel
placement, and complaints, among other leased access matters.[^189]
In the NPRM, we sought comment on various questions regarding the
status of commercial leased access, such as the extent to which
programmers are making use of commercial leased access channels,
whether cable operators have denied requests for commercial leased
access, whether cable operators use commercial leased access
channels for their own purposes, and the effectiveness of the
complaint process.[^190] As discussed throughout this Order,
commercial leased access programmers state the difficulties they
have experienced under the current leased access regime.[^191] These
claims are supported by the Commission data indicating limited use
of commercial leased access.[^192]
67. We did not receive a large number of comments containing
industry-wide data regarding use of leased access. Comcast claims
that thousands of programmers have used commercial leased access
channels since 1997, and hundreds of programmers use commercial
leased access channels on Comcast's systems today.[^193] TWC
estimates that approximately ninety percent of leased access
programming is produced locally.[^194] TWC estimates further that
two-thirds of commercial leased access programming is religious,
foreign language, or community programming with the remainder
consisting of infomercials.[^195] NCTA states that it is unaware of
any source that contains statistics about usage of commercial leased
access, but notes that the Commission in the *2006 Video Competition
Report* concluded that the typical cable system carries commercial
leased access programming on less than one channel.[^196] As
described below, to ensure that we have sufficient up-to-date
information on the status of leased access programming in the
future, we adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable
operators.
68. *Discussion*. We adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable
operators pertaining to leased access rates, usage, channel
placement, and complaints, among other leased access matters.[^197]
We find that gathering up-to-date information and statistics on an
annual basis pertaining to leased access is critical to our efforts
to track trends in commercial leased access rates and usage as well
as to monitor any efforts by cable operators to impede use of
commercial leased access channels. This information will allow us to
determine whether further modifications to the commercial leased
access rules we adopt herein are needed based on a more concrete
factual setting. The Annual Report will require each cable system to
provide the following information:[^198]
- List the number of commercial leased access channels provided by the
cable system.
- List the channel number and tier applicable to each commercial
leased access channel.
- Provide the rates the cable system charges for full-time and
part-time leased access on each leased access channel.
- Provide the calculated maximum commercial leased access rate and
actual rates.
- List programmers using each commercial leased access channel and
state whether each programmer is using the channel on a full-time or
part-time basis.
- List number of requests received for information pertaining to
commercial leased access and the number of *bona fide* proposals
received for commercial leased access.
- Describe whether you have denied any requests for commercial leased
access and, if so, explain the basis for the denial.
- Describe whether a complaint has been filed against the cable system
with the Commission or with a Federal district court regarding a
commercial leased access dispute.
- Describe whether any entity has sought arbitration with the cable
system regarding a commercial leased access dispute.
- Describe the extent to which and for what purposes the cable system
uses commercial leased access channels for its own purposes.
- Describe the extent to which the cable system impose different
rates, terms, or conditions on commercial leased access programmers
(such as with respect to security deposits, insurance, or
termination provisions). Explain any differences.
- List and describe any instances of the cable system requiring an
existing programmer to move to another channel or tier.
69. Each cable system must submit this report with the Commission by
April 30^th^ of each year. The report will request information for
the preceding year.[^199] We anticipate that any burdens associated
with this annual reporting requirement will be limited, as the
information requested should be readily available to cable
operators.
70. We provide leased access programmers and other interested parties
with an opportunity to file comments on a voluntary basis with the
Commission responding to the cable operators' annual leased access
reports.[^200] These comments should be filed by May 15^th^ of each
year. We invite commercial leased access programmers to provide
information such as the following in these comments:
- List the number of commercial leased access channels leased on each
cable system. Indicate the channel number and tier applicable to
each commercial leased access channel.
- Describe whether a cable operator has denied any request for
commercial leased access and, if so, explain the basis for the
denial.
- Describe whether cable operators have responded to requests for
information pertaining to leased access within three business days,
as required by the Commission's rules.[^201]
- Describe whether the programmer has filed any complaints with the
Commission or a Federal district court against a cable operator
regarding a commercial leased access dispute.
- Describe whether the programmer has sought arbitration with a cable
operator regarding a commercial leased access dispute.
- Describe any difficulties the programmer has faced in trying to
obtain access to a commercial leased access channel.
# Constitutional issues
71. The revisions to the leased access rules we adopt herein withstand
constitutional scrutiny.[^202] While the leased access provision of
the 1992 Cable Act has survived a facial First Amendment
challenge,[^203] Time Warner argues that changes in marketplace
conditions call into question the validity of that decision.[^204]
Time Warner argues that, to the extent the goal of the leased access
is to promote diversity of speech, the rules are content-based and
thus subject to strict scrutiny, which requires a "compelling"
government interest and "narrow tailoring."[^205] Moreover, Time
Warner argues that whatever justification existed for the leased
access provisions at the time they were adopted no longer exists
today.[^206] In response, MAP argues that because the courts have
already upheld the leased access provision of the 1992 Cable Act as
withstanding intermediate scrutiny, any revisions to the regulation
of leased access rates is subject to only rational basis
scrutiny.[^207]
72. The D.C. Circuit had already decided that the leased access
provision of the 1992 Cable Act is not content-based.[^208] The
leased access provision does not favor or disfavor speech on the
basis of the ideas contained therein; rather, it regulates speech
based on affiliation with a cable operator.[^209] The court held in
*Time Warner* that the provisions of the Cable Act that regulate
speech based on affiliation with a cable operator are subject to
intermediate scrutiny and are constitutional if the government's
interest is important or substantial and the means chosen to promote
that interest do not burden substantially more speech than necessary
to achieve the aim.[^210] The *Time Warner* court found that there
is a substantial government interest in promoting diversity and
competition in the video programming marketplace.[^211] Despite Time
Warner's claim to the contrary, we find that this substantial
government interest remains today. While MVPDs note the Commission's
statement in *Program Access Order* that the percentage of all
programming networks that are affiliated with cable operators has
decreased since 1992,[^212] the Commission went on to state that
this decrease was not sufficient to conclude that restrictions on
cable-affiliated programming should be lifted because competition
and diversity in the video distribution market has not yet reached
the level which Congress intended in passing the 1992 Cable
Act.[^213] While MVPDs argue that there are more outlets today for
independent programmers, such as the Internet,[^214] they fail to
demonstrate that these alternative outlets can be considered
sufficient to conclude that Congress's goals of promoting
competition and diversity in passing the leased access provisions of
the 1992 Cable Act have been achieved. The rules we adopt today
simply implement the statutory requirements enacted by Congress.
73. We also reject Time Warner's claim that the leased access rules
deprive cable operators of the value of their property (*i.e*.,
channel capacity) without just compensation in violation of the
Fifth Amendment.[^215] The Fifth Amendment "takings" clause requires
"just compensation" for a government "taking" of private
property.[^216] Moreover, the leased access provision of the 1992
Cable Act, as well as our rules implementing that provision, provide
just compensation to cable operators for use of their channel
capacity. While Time Warner argues further that there must be an
"essential nexus" between the taking and a legitimate state interest
as well as a "rough proportionality" between the taking and the
magnitude of the government objective,[^217] we conclude that leased
access rules satisfy these requirements. As the D.C. Circuit
previously held, there is a substantial government interest in
promoting competition and diversity in the video programming
marketplace, and the provisions of the 1992 Cable Act regulating
cable-affiliated programming are narrowly tailored to achieve those
goals.[^218] Thus, there is no "taking" within the meaning of the
Fifth Amendment.
# Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making
74. As noted, for the time being, we have decided not to apply new rate
methodology and the maximum allowable leased access rate to
programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or
program length commercials. These direct sales programmers often
\"pay\" for carriage \-- either directly or through some form of
revenue sharing with the cable operator.
75. Similarly, we are concerned about setting the leased access rates at
a point at which programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations or program length commercials simply migrate to leased
access because it is less expensive than their current commercial
arrangements. Accordingly, we seek comment regarding the use of
leased access by programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations and program length commercials. Specifically, is
leased access affordable to these programmers at current rates? Will
applying the modified rate formula discussed previously in this
*Report and Order* cause migration of existing services to leased
access? What would be the effect of such a migration? Is a separate
category for direct sales programmers appropriate? We note that in
our initial adoption of the leased access rules to implement the
1992 Cable Act, the rates were established for three programming
categories; programming for which a per-event or per channel charge
is made, programming in which more than fifty per cent of the
capacity is used to sell products directly to customers, and all
other programming.[^219] These programming categories were intended
to reflect the different economies faced by the different types of
programmers.
# PROCEDURAL MATTERS
## A. Filing Requirements {#a.-filing-requirements .unnumbered}
76. *Ex Parte Rules*. The *Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking*
("*FNPRM*") in this proceeding will be treated as
"permit-but-disclose" subject to the "permit-but-disclose"
requirements under Section 1.1206(b) of the Commission's
Rules.[^220] *Ex parte* presentations are permissible if disclosed
in accordance with Commission rules, except during the Sunshine
Agenda period when presentations, *ex parte* or otherwise, are
generally prohibited. Persons making oral *ex parte* presentations
are reminded that a memorandum summarizing a presentation must
contain a summary of the substance of the presentation and not
merely a listing of the subjects discussed. More than a one- or
two-sentence description of the views and arguments presented is
generally required.[^221] Additional rules pertaining to oral and
written presentations are set forth in Section 1.1206(b).
77. *Comments and Reply Comments*. Pursuant to Sections 1.415 and 1.419
of the Commission's Rules,[^222] interested parties may file
comments and reply comments on or before the dates indicated on the
first page of this document. Comments may be filed using: (1) the
Commission's Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS), (2) the
Federal Government's eRulemaking Portal, or (3) by filing paper
copies.[^223]
- Electronic Filers: Comments may be filed electronically using the
Internet by accessing the ECFS: http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/ecfs/ or the
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Filers
should follow the instructions provided on the website for
submitting comments.
- For ECFS filers, if multiple docket or rulemaking numbers appear
in the caption of this proceeding, filers must transmit one
electronic copy of the comments for each docket or rulemaking
number referenced in the caption. In completing the transmittal
screen, filers should include their full name, U.S. Postal
Service mailing address, and the applicable docket or rulemaking
number. Parties may also submit an electronic comment by
Internet e-mail. To get filing instructions, filers should send
an e-mail to ecfs@fcc.gov, and include the following words in
the body of the message, "get form." A sample form and
directions will be sent in response.
```{=html}
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- Paper Filers: Parties who choose to file by paper must file an
original and four copies of each filing. If more than one docket or
rulemaking number appears in the caption of this proceeding, filers
must submit two additional copies for each additional docket or
rulemaking number. Filings can be sent by hand or messenger
delivery, by commercial overnight courier, or by first-class or
overnight U.S. Postal Service mail (although we continue to
experience delays in receiving U.S. Postal Service mail). All
filings must be addressed to the Commission's Secretary, Office of
the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission.
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```
- The Commission's contractor will receive hand-delivered or
messenger-delivered paper filings for the Commission's Secretary at
236 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Suite 110, Washington, DC 20002. The
filing hours at this location are 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. All hand
deliveries must be held together with rubber bands or fasteners. Any
envelopes must be disposed of [before]{.underline} entering the
building.
- Commercial overnight mail (other than U.S. Postal Service Express
Mail and Priority Mail) must be sent to 9300 East Hampton Drive,
Capitol Heights, MD 20743.
- U.S. Postal Service first-class, Express, and Priority mail must be
addressed to 445 12^th^ Street, SW, Washington DC 20554.
78. People with Disabilities: To request materials in accessible formats
for people with disabilities (braille, large print, electronic
files, audio format), send an e-mail to fcc504@fcc.gov or call the
Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau at 202-418-0530 (voice),
202-418-0432 (tty).
79. *Availability of Documents*. Comments, reply comments, and *ex
parte* submissions will be available for public inspection during
regular business hours in the FCC Reference Center, Federal
Communications Commission, 445 12^th^ Street, S.W., CY-A257,
Washington, D.C., 20554. Persons with disabilities who need
assistance in the FCC Reference Center may contact Bill Cline
at (202) 418-0267 (voice), (202) 418-7365 (TTY), or
bill.cline@fcc.gov. These documents also will be available from the
Commission's Electronic Comment Filing System. Documents are
available electronically in ASCII, Word 97, and Adobe Acrobat.
Copies of filings in this proceeding may be obtained from Best Copy
and Printing, Inc., Portals II, 445 12^th^ Street, S.W., Room
CY-B402, Washington, D.C., 20554; they can also be reached by
telephone, at (202) 488-5300 or (800) 378-3160; by e-mail at
fcc@bcpiweb.com; or via their website at http://www.bcpiweb.com. To
request materials in accessible formats for people with disabilities
(Braille, large print, electronic files, audio format), send an
e-mail to fcc504@fcc.gov or call the Consumer and Governmental
Affairs Bureau at (202) 418-0531 (voice), (202) 418-7365 (TTY).
80. *Information*. For additional information on this proceeding,
contact Katie Costello, <Katie.Costello@fcc.gov> of the Media
Bureau, Policy Division, (202) 418-2120.
## B. Initial and Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis {#b.-initial-and-final-regulatory-flexibility-analysis .unnumbered}
81. *Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ("IRFA")*. The Regulatory
Flexibility Act of 1980, as amended ("RFA"),[^224] requires that a
regulatory flexibility analysis be prepared for notice and comment
rule making proceedings, unless the agency certifies that "the rule
will not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities."[^225] The RFA generally
defines the term "small entity" as having the same meaning as the
terms "small business," "small organization," and "small
governmental jurisdiction."[^226] In addition, the term "small
business" has the same meaning as the term "small business concern"
under the Small Business Act.[^227] A "small business concern" is
one which: (1) is independently owned and operated; (2) is not
dominant in its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any additional
criteria established by the Small Business Administration
(SBA).[^228] As required by the RFA,[^229] the Commission has
prepared an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ("IRFA") of the
possible significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities of the proposals addressed in the *FNPRM*. The IRFA
is set forth in Appendix F.
82. *Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ("FRFA")*. As required by the
RFA,[^230] the Commission has prepared an FRFA relating to the
*Report and Order*. The FRFA is set forth in Appendix E.
## C. Paperwork Reduction Act Analysis {#c.-paperwork-reduction-act-analysis .unnumbered}
83. *Initial Paperwork Reduction Act* *Analysis*. The *FNPRM* has been
analyzed with respect to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
("PRA"),[^231] and contains no proposed new or modified information
collection requirements. In addition, therefore, it does not contain
any new or modified "information collection burden for small
business concerns with fewer than 25 employees," pursuant to the
Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.[^232]
84. *Final Paperwork Reduction Act* *Analysis*. The *Report and Order*
contains both new and modified information collection requirements
subject to the PRA. It will be submitted to the OMB for review under
Section 3507(d) of the PRA. OMB, the general public, and other
Federal agencies are invited to comment on the new information
collection requirements contained in this proceeding. Comments
should address the following: (a) whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions
of the Commission, including whether the information shall have
practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the Commission's burden
estimates; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of
the information collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of
the collection of information on respondents, including the use of
automated collection techniques or other forms of information
technology. In addition, we note that pursuant to the Small Business
Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public Law 107-198, see 44 U.S.C.
3506(c)(4), we previously sought specific comment on how the
Commission might "further reduce the information collection burden
for small business concerns with fewer than 25 employees." In this
present document, we have assessed the potential effects of the
various policy changes with regard to information collection burdens
on small business concerns, and we find that these requirements will
benefit many companies with fewer than 25 employees by facilitating
the use of leased access channels and by promoting the fair and
expeditious resolution of leased access complaints. In addition, we
have described impacts that might affect small businesses, which
includes most businesses with fewer than 25 employees, in the FRFA
in Appendix E, *infra*.
## D. Congressional Review Act {#d.-congressional-review-act .unnumbered}
85. The Commission will send a copy of this *Report and Order* in a
report to be sent to Congress and the Government Accountability
Office pursuant to the Congressional Review Act, *see* 5 U.S.C. §
801(a)(1)(A).
86. [Effective Date]{.underline}. Sections 76.975(h)(1), (2) and (3)
and (i) are effective 30 days after date of publication in the
Federal Register. Sections 76.970(j)(3), 76.972(a), (b), (c), (d),
(e), and (g); 76.975(d), (e), (g) and (h)(4); and 76.978, which
contain new or modified information collection requirements that
have not been approved by the Office of Management and Budget
("OMB"), are effective upon OMB approval. Section 76.970 is
effective 90 days after date of publication in the Federal Register
or upon OMB approval of § 76.970(j)(3), whichever is later. The
effective date of Sections 76.972(f) and 76.975 (b), (c) and (f),
which do not require OMB approval, is delayed until OMB approval of
the aforementioned rule sections. After OMB approval is received,
the Commission will publish a document in the Federal Register
announcing the effective date of the rules requiring OMB approval
and those whose effective date was delayed pending OMB approval of
other rules.
# ORDERING CLAUSES
87. Accordingly, **IT IS ORDERED**, pursuant to the authority found in
Sections 4(i), 303, and 612 of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, 47 U.S.C. §§ 154(i), 303, and 532, this *Report and Order
and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking* **IS ADOPTED**.
88. **IT IS ORDERED** that, pursuant to the authority found in Sections
4(i), 303, and 612 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47
U.S.C. §§ 154(i), 303, and 532, the Commission's Rules **ARE HEREBY
AMENDED** as set forth in Appendix B.
89. **IT IS FURTHER ORDERED** that, Sections 76.975(h)(1),(2) and (3)
and (i) are effective 30 days after date of publication in the
Federal Register. Sections 76.970(j)(3), 76.972(a), (b), (c), (d),
(e), and (g); 76.975(d), (e), (g) and (h)(4); and 76.978, which
contain new or modified information collection requirements that
have not been approved by the Office of Management and Budget
("OMB"), are effective upon OMB approval. Section 76.970 is
effective 90 days after date of publication in the Federal Register
or upon OMB approval of § 76.970(j)(3), whichever is later. The
effective date of Sections 76.972(f) and 76.975(b), (c) and (f) is
delayed until OMB approval of the aforementioned rule sections.
After OMB approval is received, the Commission will publish a
document in the Federal Register announcing the effective date of
the rules requiring OMB approval and those whose effective date was
delayed pending OMB approval of other rules.
90. **IT IS FURTHER ORDERED** that the Commission's Consumer and
Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference Information Center, **SHALL
SEND** a copy of this *Report and* *Order and Further Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking,* including the Initial and Final Regulatory
Flexibility Analyses, to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small
Business Administration.
91. **IT IS FURTHER ORDERED** that the Commission **SHALL SEND** a copy
of this *Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking*
in a report to be sent to Congress and the Government Accountability
Office pursuant to the Congressional Review Act, *see* 5 U.S.C. §
801(a)(1)(A).
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
**APPENDIX A**
**List of Commenters**
**Comments filed in MB Docket No. 07-42**
Black Television News Channel
Bruno Goodworth Network, Inc
CaribeVision Holdings LLC
Charles Stogner
Combonate Media Group
Comcast Corporation
Community Broadcasters Association
Duane J. Polich
Engle Broadcasting
Ideal Living Media
iNFO Channel Group
Media Access Project
National Cable & Telecommunications Association
NFL Enterprises LLC
Pope Broadcasting Company, Inc
Positive Media, Inc d/b/a TV Camden
Reynolds Media Inc
SHOP NBC
StogMedia
The America Channel
Time Warner Cable Inc.
**Reply Comments filed in MB Docket No. 07-42**
Black Television News Channel
CaribeVision Holdings LLC
Combonate Media Group
Comcast Corporation
Crown Media Holdings, Inc/The Hallmark Channel
Engle Broadcasting
HDNet
HTV Corporation
Leased Access Programmers Association
Media Access Project
National Cable & Telecommunications Association
NFL Enterprises LLC
Pope Broadcasting Company, Inc
Positive Media, Inc d/b/a TV Camden
Reynolds Media Inc.
Time Warner Cable Inc.
Verizon
WealthTV
**APPENDIX B**
**Revised Rules**
Part 76 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as
follows:
Part 76 --- MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE
1\. The authority citation for Part 76 continues to read as follows:
AUTHORITY: 47 U.S.C. 151, 152, 153, 154, 301, 302, 302a, 303, 303a, 307,
308, 309, 312, 315, 317, 325, 338, 339, 340, 503, 521, 522, 531, 532,
533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 543, 544, 544a, 545, 548, 549, 552, 554, 556,
558, 560, 561, 571, 572 and 573.
2\. Amend section 76.970 to revise paragraph (d), revise the first
sentence of paragraph (e), revise paragraph (i) and add new paragraph
(j) to read as follows:
**§ 76.970 Commercial leased access rates**.
\* \* \* \* \*
\(d\) The maximum commercial leased access rate that a cable operator
may charge to programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations or program length commercials for full-time channel
placement on a tier exceeding a subscriber penetration of 50 percent is
the average implicit fee for full-time channel placement on all such
tier(s).
\(e\) The average implicit fee identified in paragraph (d) of this
section for a full-time channel on a tier with a subscriber penetration
over 50 percent shall be calculated by first calculating the total
amount the operator receives in subscriber revenue per month for the
programming on all such tier(s), and then subtracting the total amount
it pays in programming costs per month for such tier(s) (the \"total
implicit fee calculation\").
\* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \*
\(i\) The maximum commercial leased access rate that a cable operator
may charge for full-time channel placement, except to programmers that
predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length
commercials, is the lower of the marginal implicit fee for a full-time
channel placement on the tier where the leased access programming will
be placed or \$0.10 per subscriber per month.
\(j\) (1) (i)The marginal implicit fee identified in paragraph (i) of
this section for a full-time channel shall be calculated by first
determining the mark-up of the tier where the leased access programming
will be placed. The mark-up is calculated by determining the total
amount the operator receives in subscriber revenue per month for the
tier, and dividing by the total amount it pays in affiliation fees for
the channels located on the tier. The resulting figure is the mark-up.
In cases where the cost and channels of one tier are implicitly
incorporated into a larger tier, the larger tier price is equal to the
larger tier price minus the smaller tier price and the channels on the
larger tier are those that are not available on the smaller tier. (ii)
The monthly gross subscriber revenue per channel is obtained by
multiplying the monthly per subscriber affiliation fee for each channel
by the mark-up for the tier. The net subscriber revenue per channel per
month for each channel is the difference between the monthly gross
subscriber revenue per channel and the monthly per subscriber
affiliation fee paid for that channel by the cable operator. This value
represents the implicit fee for the individual channel. (iii) To
determine the marginal channels on the tier for systems with 55 or more
activated channels, multiply the number of non-mandated channels on the
tier by 0.15 and round to the nearest number. To determine the marginal
channels on the tier for systems with 54 or less activated channels,
multiply the number of non-mandated channels on the tier by 0.10 and
round to the nearest number. That is the number of marginal channels.
Next identify the channels with the lowest implicit fee until that
number is reached. These are the marginal channels. (iv) Finally,
calculate the marginal implicit fee by taking the mean of the implicit
fees of the marginal channels by summing the implicit fees of the
marginal channels and dividing by the number of marginal channels. The
result is the marginal implicit fee.
\(2\) The affiliation fees for channels used in determining the marginal
implicit fee are the contractual license fee or retransmission consent
fee representing the compensation per subscriber per month paid to the
programmer for the right to carry the programming. It excludes fees for
services other than the provision of channel capacity, such as
marketing, and excludes revenues. The affiliation fees for channels used
in determining the marginal implicit fee shall reflect the prevailing
affiliation fees offered in the marketplace to third parties. If a
prevailing affiliation fee does not exist, the affiliation fee for that
programming shall be priced at the programmer\'s cost or the fair market
value, whichever is lower. The marginal implicit fee calculation shall
be based on affiliation fees in contracts in effect in the previous
calendar year. The implicit fee for a contracted service may not include
fees, stated or implied, for services other than the provision of
channel capacity (e.g., billing and collection, marketing, or studio
services).
\(3\) Operators shall maintain, for Commission inspection, sufficient
supporting documentation to justify the scheduled rates, including
supporting contracts, calculations of the implicit fees, and
justifications for all adjustments.
\(4\) Cable operators are permitted to negotiate rates below the maximum
permitted rates.
3\. Add new section 76.972 to read as follows:
**§ 76.972 Customer service standards**.
\(a\) (1) A cable system operator shall maintain a contact name,
telephone number and e-mail address on its website and available by
telephone of a designated person to respond to requests for information
about leased access channels.
\(2\) A cable system operator shall maintain a brief explanation of the
leased access statute and regulations on its website.
\(b\) Cable system operators shall provide prospective leased access
programmers with the following information within three business days of
the date on which a request for leased access information is made:
\(1\) The cable system operator's process for requesting leased access
channels;
\(2\) The geographic and subscriber levels of service that are
technically possible;
\(3\) The number and location and time periods available for each leased
access channel;
\(4\) Whether the leased access channel is currently being occupied;
\(5\) A complete schedule of the operator's statutory maximum full-time
and part-time leased access rates;
\(6\) A comprehensive schedule showing how those rates were calculated;
\(7\) Rates associated with technical and studio costs;
\(8\) Whether inclusion in an electronic programming guide is available;
\(9\) The available methods of programming delivery and the
instructions, technical requirements and costs for each method;
\(10\) A comprehensive sample leased access contract that includes
uniform terms and conditions such as tier and channel placement,
contract terms and conditions, insurance requirements, length of
contract, termination provisions and electronic guide availability; and
\(11\) Information regarding prospective launch dates for the leased
access programmer.
\(c\) A *bona fide* proposal, as used in this section, is defined as a
proposal from a potential leased access programmer that includes the
following information:
\(1\) The desired length of a contract term;
\(2\) The tier, channel and time slot desired;
\(3\) The anticipated commencement date for carriage;
\(4\) The nature of the programming;
\(5\) The geographic and subscriber level of service requested; and
\(6\) Proposed changes to the sample contract.
\(d\) All requests for leased access must be made in writing and must
specify the date on which the request was sent to the operator.
\(e\) A cable system operator must respond to a *bona fide* proposal
within 10 days after receipt.
\(f\) A cable system operator will be subject to a forfeiture for each
day it fails to comply with Sections 76.972(a) or 76.972(e).
\(g\) (1) Operators of systems subject to small system relief shall
provide the information required in paragraph (b) of this section within
30 calendar days of a *bona fide* request from a prospective leased
access programmer. For these purposes, systems subject to small system
relief are systems that either:
\(i\) Qualify as small systems under § 76.901(c) and are owned by a
small cable company as defined under § 76.901(e); or
\(ii\) Have been granted special relief.
\(2\) *Bona fide* requests, as used in this section, are defined as
requests from potential leased access programmers that have provided the
following information:
\(i\) The desired length of a contract term;
\(ii\) The time slot desired;
\(iii\) The anticipated commencement date for carriage; and
\(iv\) The nature of the programming.
4\. Section 76.975 is amended to revise paragraphs (b) through (h) and
to redesignate old paragraph (h) as new paragraph (i) to read as
follows:
**§ 76.975 Commercial leased access dispute resolution.**
\* \* \*
\(b\) Any person aggrieved by the failure or refusal of a cable operator
to make commercial channel capacity available or to charge rates for
such capacity in accordance with the provisions of Title VI of the
Communications Act, or our implementing regulations, §§ 76.970, 76.971,
and 76.972 may file a petition for relief with the Commission.
\(c\) A petition must contain a concise statement of the facts
constituting a violation of the statute or the Commission's Rules, the
specific statute(s) or rule(s) violated, and certify that the petition
was served on the cable operator.
\(d\) The petition must be filed within 60 days of the alleged
violation. The time limit on filing complaints will be suspended if the
complainant files a notice with the Commission prior to the expiration
of the filing period, stating that it seeks an extension of the filing
deadline in order to pursue active negotiations with the cable operator,
and the cable operator agrees to the extension.
\(e\) *Discovery*. In addition to the general pleading and discovery
rules contained in § 76.7 of this part, parties to a leased access
complaint may serve requests for discovery directly on opposing parties,
and file a copy of the request with the Commission. The respondent shall
have the opportunity to object to any request for documents that are not
in its control or relevant to the dispute. Such request shall be heard,
and determination made, by the Commission. Until the objection is ruled
upon, the obligation to produce the disputed material is suspended. Any
party who fails to timely provide discovery requested by the opposing
party to which it has not raised an objection, or who fails to respond
to a Commission order for discovery material, may be deemed in default
and an order may be entered in accordance with the allegations contained
in the complaint, or the complaint may be dismissed with prejudice.
\(f\) *Protective Orders*. In addition to the procedures contained in §
76.9 of this part related to the protection of confidential material,
the Commission may issue orders to protect the confidentiality of
proprietary information required to be produced for resolution of leased
access complaints. A protective order constitutes both an order of the
Commission and an agreement between the party executing the protective
order declaration and the party submitting the protected material. The
Commission has full authority to fashion appropriate sanctions for
violations of its protective orders, including but not limited to
suspension or disbarment of attorneys from practice before the
Commission, forfeitures, cease and desist orders, and denial of further
access to confidential information in Commission proceedings.
\(g\) The cable operator or other respondent will have 30 days from the
filing of the petition to file a response. To the extent that a cable
operator expressly references and relies upon a document or documents in
asserting a defense or responding to a material allegation, such
document or documents shall be included as part of the response. If a
leased access rate is disputed, the response must show that the rate
charged is not higher than the maximum permitted rate for such leased
access, and must be supported by the affidavit of a responsible company
official. If, after a response is submitted, the staff finds a *prima
facie* violation of our rules, the staff may require a respondent to
produce additional information, or specify other procedures necessary
for resolution of the proceeding.\
\
(h)(1) The Media Bureau will resolve a leased access complaint within 90
days of the close of the pleading cycle.
\(2\) The Media Bureau, after consideration of the pleadings, may grant
the relief requested, in whole or in part, including, but not limited to
ordering refunds, injunctive measures, or forfeitures pursuant 47 U.S.C.
503, denying the petition, or issuing a ruling on the petition or
dispute.\
\
(3) To be afforded relief, the petitioner must show by clear and
convincing evidence that the cable operator has violated the
Commission's leased access provisions in 47 U.S.C. 532 or §§ 76.970,
76.971, or 76.972, or otherwise acted unreasonably or in bad faith in
failing or refusing to make capacity available or to charge lawful rates
for such capacity to an unaffiliated leased access programmer.\
\
(4) As part of the remedy phase of the leased access complaint process,
the Media Bureau will have discretion to request that the parties file
their best and final offer for the prices, terms, or conditions in
dispute. The Commission will have the discretion to adopt one of the
proposals or choose to fashion its own remedy.
5\. Section 76.978 is added to read as follows:
**§ 76.978 Leased Access Annual Reporting Requirement**
\(a\) Each cable system shall submit a Leased Access Annual Report with
the Commission on a calendar year basis, no later than April 30^th^
following the close of each calendar year, which provides the following
information for the calendar year:
\(1\) The number of commercial leased access channels provided by the
cable system.
\(2\) The channel number and tier applicable to each commercial leased
access channel.
\(3\) The rates the cable system charges for full-time and part-time
leased access on each leased access channel.
\(4\) The cable system's calculated maximum commercial leased access
rate and actual rates.
\(5\) The programmers using each commercial leased access channel and
whether each programmer is using the channel on a full-time or part-time
basis.
\(6\) The number of requests received for information pertaining to
commercial leased access and the number of bona fide proposals received
for commercial leased access.
\(7\) Whether the cable system has denied any requests for commercial
leased access and, if so, with an explanation of the basis for the
denial.
\(8\) Whether a complaint has been filed against the cable system with
the Commission or a Federal district court regarding a commercial leased
access dispute.
\(9\) Whether any entity has sought arbitration with the cable system
regarding a commercial leased access dispute.
\(10\) The extent to which and for what purposes the cable system uses
commercial leased access channels for its own purposes.
\(11\) The extent to which the cable system impose different rates,
terms, or conditions on commercial leased access programmers (such as
with respect to security deposits, insurance, or termination provisions)
with an explanation of any differences.
\(12\) A list and description of any instances of the cable system
requiring an existing programmer to move to another channel or tier.
\(b\) Leased access programmers and other interested parties may file
comments with the Commission in response to the Leased Access Annual
Reports by May 15th.
**APPENDIX C**
**Standard Protective Order and Declaration for Use in Section 612
Commercial Leased Access Proceedings**
**Before the**
**Federal Communications Commission**
**Washington, D.C. 20554**
+--------------------------------+-----+------------------------------+
| In the Matter of | ** | Docket No. |
| | )** | \_\_ |
| \[Name of Proceeding\] | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| | ** | |
| | )** | |
| | | |
| | ** | |
| | )** | |
+--------------------------------+-----+------------------------------+
PROTECTIVE ORDER
1. This Protective Order is intended to facilitate and expedite the
review of documents obtained from a person in the course of
discovery that contain trade secrets and privileged or confidential
commercial or financial information. It establishes the manner in
which "Confidential Information," as that term is defined herein, is
to be treated. The Order is not intended to constitute a resolution
of the merits concerning whether any Confidential Information would
be released publicly by the Commission upon a proper request under
the Freedom of Information Act or other applicable law or
regulation, including 47 C.F.R. § 0.442.
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92. Definitions.
a\. [Authorized Representative]{.underline}. "Authorized Representative"
shall have the meaning set forth in Paragraph 7.
b\. [Commission]{.underline}. "Commission" means the Federal
Communications Commission or any arm of the Commission acting pursuant
to delegated authority.
c\. [Confidential Information]{.underline}. "Confidential Information"
means (i) information submitted to the Commission by the Submitting
Party that has been so designated by the Submitting Party and which the
Submitting Party has determined in good faith constitutes trade secrets
and commercial or financial information which is privileged or
confidential within the meaning of Exemption 4 of the Freedom of
Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(4) and (ii) information submitted to
the Commission by the Submitting Party that has been so designated by
the Submitting Party and which the Submitting Party has determined in
good faith falls within the terms of Commission orders designating the
items for treatment as Confidential Information. Confidential
Information includes additional copies of, notes, and information
derived from Confidential Information.
d\. [Declaration]{.underline}. "Declaration" means Attachment A to this
Protective Order.
e\. [Reviewing Party]{.underline}. "Reviewing Party" means a person or
entity participating in this proceeding or considering in good faith
filing a document in this proceeding.
f\. [Submitting Party]{.underline}. "Submitting Party" means a person or
entity that seeks confidential treatment of Confidential Information
pursuant to this Protective Order.
93. [Claim of Confidentiality]{.underline}. The Submitting Party may
designate information as "Confidential Information"
[consistent]{.underline} with the [definition]{.underline} of that
term in Paragraph 2.c of this Protective Order. The Commission may,
*sua sponte* or upon petition, pursuant to 47 C.F.R. §§ 0.459 and
0.461, determine that all or part of the information claimed as
"Confidential Information" is not entitled to such treatment.
94. [Procedures for Claiming Information is Confidential]{.underline}.
Confidential Information submitted to the Commission shall be filed
under seal and shall bear on the front page in bold print, "CONTAINS
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION - DO NOT RELEASE."
Confidential Information shall be segregated by the Submitting Party
from all non-confidential information submitted to the Commission.
To the extent a document contains both Confidential Information and
non-confidential information, the Submitting Party shall designate
the specific portions of the document claimed to contain
Confidential Information and shall, where feasible, also submit a
redacted version not containing Confidential Information.
95. [Storage of Confidential Information at the Commission]{.underline}.
The Secretary of the Commission or other Commission staff to whom
Confidential Information is submitted shall place the Confidential
Information in a non-public file. Confidential Information shall be
segregated in the files of the Commission, and shall be withheld
from inspection by any person not bound by the terms of this
Protective Order, unless such Confidential Information is released
from the restrictions of this Order either through agreement of the
parties, or pursuant to the order of the Commission or a court
having jurisdiction.
96. [Access to Confidential Information]{.underline}. Confidential
Information shall only be made available to Commission staff,
Commission consultants and to counsel to the Reviewing Parties, or
if a Reviewing Party has no counsel, to a person designated by the
Reviewing Party. Before counsel to a Reviewing Party or such other
designated person designated by the Reviewing Party may obtain
access to Confidential Information, counsel or such other designated
person must execute the attached Declaration. Consultants under
contract to the Commission may obtain access to Confidential
Information only if they have signed, as part of their employment
contract, a non-disclosure agreement the scope of which includes the
Confidential Information, or if they execute the attached
Declaration.
97. [Disclosure]{.underline}. Counsel to a Reviewing Party or such other
person designated pursuant to Paragraph 5 may disclose Confidential
Information to other Authorized Representatives to whom disclosure
is permitted under the terms of paragraph 8 of this Protective Order
only after advising such Authorized Representatives of the terms and
obligations of the Order. In addition, before Authorized
Representatives may obtain access to Confidential Information, each
Authorized Representative must execute the attached Declaration.
98. Authorized Representatives shall be limited to:
a\. Subject to Paragraph 8.d, counsel for the Reviewing Parties to this
proceeding, including in-house counsel, actively engaged in the conduct
of this proceeding and their associated attorneys, paralegals, clerical
staff and other employees, to the extent reasonably necessary to render
professional services in this proceeding;
b\. Subject to Paragraph 8.d, specified persons, including employees of
the Reviewing Parties, requested by counsel to furnish technical or
other expert advice or service, or otherwise engaged to prepare material
for the express purpose of formulating filings in this proceeding; and
c\. Subject to Paragraph 8.d., any person designated by the Commission
in the public interest, upon such terms as the Commission may deem
proper; except that,
d\. Disclosure shall be prohibited to any persons in a position to use
the Confidential Information for competitive commercial or business
purposes, including persons involved in competitive decision-making,
which includes, but is not limited to, persons whose activities,
association or relationship with the Reviewing Parties or other
Authorized Representatives involve rendering advice or participating in
any or all of the Reviewing Parties', Associated Representatives' or any
other person's business decisions that are or will be made in light of
similar or corresponding information about a competitor.
99. [Inspection of Confidential Information]{.underline}. Confidential
Information shall be maintained by a Submitting Party for inspection
at two or more locations, at least one of which shall be in
Washington, D.C. Inspection shall be carried out by Authorized
Representatives upon reasonable notice not to exceed one business
day during normal business hours.
100. [Copies of Confidential Information]{.underline}. The Submitting
Party shall provide a copy of the Confidential Material to
Authorized Representatives upon request and may charge a reasonable
copying fee not to exceed twenty five cents per page. Authorized
Representatives may make additional copies of Confidential
Information but only to the extent required and solely for the
preparation and use in this proceeding. Authorized Representatives
must maintain a written record of any additional copies made and
provide this record to the Submitting Party upon reasonable
request. The original copy and all other copies of the Confidential
Information shall remain in the care and control of Authorized
Representatives at all times. Authorized Representatives having
custody of any Confidential Information shall keep the documents
properly and fully secured from access by unauthorized persons at
all times.
101. [Filing of Declaration]{.underline}. Counsel for Reviewing Parties
shall provide to the Submitting Party and the Commission a copy of
the attached Declaration for each Authorized Representative within
five (5) business days after the attached Declaration is executed,
or by any other deadline that may be prescribed by the Commission.
102. [Use of Confidential Information]{.underline}. Confidential
Information shall not be used by any person granted access under
this Protective Order for any purpose other than for use in this
proceeding (including any subsequent administrative or judicial
review), shall not be used for competitive business purposes, and
shall not be used or disclosed except in accordance with this
Order. This shall not preclude the use of any material or
information that is in the public domain or has been developed
independently by any other person who has not had access to the
Confidential Information nor otherwise learned of its contents.
103. [Pleadings Using Confidential Information]{.underline}. Submitting
Parties and Reviewing Parties may, in any pleadings that they file
in this proceeding, reference the Confidential Information, but
only if they comply with the following procedures:
a\. Any portions of the pleadings that contain or disclose Confidential
Information must be physically segregated from the remainder of the
pleadings and filed under seal;
b\. The portions containing or disclosing Confidential Information must
be covered by a separate letter referencing this Protective Order;
c\. Each page of any Party\'s filing that contains or discloses
Confidential Information subject to this Order must be clearly marked:
"Confidential Information included pursuant to Protective Order, \[cite
proceeding\];" and
d\. The confidential portion(s) of the pleading, to the extent they are
required to be served, shall be served upon the Secretary of the
Commission, the Submitting Party, and those Reviewing Parties that have
signed the attached Declaration. Such confidential portions shall be
served under seal, and shall not be placed in the Commission\'s Public
File unless the Commission directs otherwise (with notice to the
Submitting Party and an opportunity to comment on such proposed
disclosure). A Submitting Party or a Reviewing Party filing a pleading
containing Confidential Information shall also file a redacted copy of
the pleading containing no Confidential Information, which copy shall be
placed in the Commission\'s public files. A Submitting Party or a
Reviewing Party may provide courtesy copies of pleadings containing
Confidential Information to Commission staff so long as the notations
required by this Paragraph 13 are not removed.
104. [Violations of Protective Order]{.underline}. Should a Reviewing
Party that has properly obtained access to Confidential Information
under this Protective Order violate any of its terms, it shall
immediately convey that fact to the Commission and to the
Submitting Party. Further, should such violation consist of
improper disclosure or use of Confidential Information, the
violating party shall take all necessary steps to remedy the
improper disclosure or use. The Violating Party shall also
immediately notify the Commission and the Submitting Party, in
writing, of the identity of each party known or reasonably
suspected to have obtained the Confidential Information through any
such disclosure. The Commission retains its full authority to
fashion appropriate sanctions for violations of this Protective
Order, including but not limited to suspension or disbarment of
attorneys from practice before the Commission, forfeitures, cease
and desist orders, and denial of further access to Confidential
Information in this or any other Commission proceeding. Nothing in
this Protective Order shall limit any other rights and remedies
available to the Submitting Party at law or equity against any
party using Confidential Information in a manner not authorized by
this Protective Order.
105. [Termination of Proceeding]{.underline}. Within two weeks after
final resolution of this proceeding (which includes any
administrative or judicial appeals), Authorized Representatives of
Reviewing Parties shall, at the direction of the Submitting Party,
destroy or return to the Submitting Party all Confidential
Information as well as all copies and derivative materials made,
and shall certify in a writing served on the Commission and the
Submitting Party that no material whatsoever derived from such
Confidential Information has been retained by any person having
access thereto, except that counsel to a Reviewing Party may retain
two copies of pleadings submitted on behalf of the Reviewing Party.
Any confidential information contained in any copies of pleadings
retained by counsel to a Reviewing Party or in materials that have
been destroyed pursuant to this paragraph shall be protected from
disclosure or use indefinitely in accordance with paragraphs 10 and
12 of this Protective Order unless such Confidential Information is
released from the restrictions of this Order either through
agreement of the parties, or pursuant to the order of the
Commission or a court having jurisdiction.
106. [No Waiver of Confidentiality]{.underline}. Disclosure of
Confidential Information as provided herein shall not be deemed a
waiver by the Submitting Party of any privilege or entitlement to
confidential treatment of such Confidential Information. Reviewing
Parties, by viewing these materials: (a) agree not to assert any
such waiver; (b) agree not to use information derived from any
confidential materials to seek disclosure in any other proceeding;
and (c) agree that accidental disclosure of Confidential
Information shall not be deemed a waiver of the privilege.
107. [Additional Rights Preserved]{.underline}. The entry of this
Protective Order is without prejudice to the rights of the
Submitting Party to apply for additional or different protection
where it is deemed necessary or to the rights of Reviewing Parties
to request further or renewed disclosure of Confidential
Information.
108. [Effect of Protective Order]{.underline}. This Protective Order
constitutes an Order of the Commission and an agreement between the
Reviewing Party, executing the attached Declaration, and the
Submitting Party.
109. [Authority]{.underline}. This Protective Order is issued pursuant
to Sections 4(i) and 4(j) of the Communications Act as amended, 47
U.S.C. §§ 154(i), (j) and 47 C.F.R. § 0.457(d).
Attachment A to Section 612 Protective Order
DECLARATION
In the Matter of )
\[Name of Proceeding\] ) Docket No.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
I, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, hereby
declare under penalty of perjury that I have read the Protective Order
that has been entered by the Commission in this proceeding, and that I
agree to be bound by its terms pertaining to the treatment of
Confidential Information submitted by parties to this proceeding. I
understand that the Confidential Information shall not be disclosed to
anyone except in accordance with the terms of the Protective Order and
shall be used only for purposes of the proceedings in this matter. I
acknowledge that a violation of the Protective Order is a violation of
an order of the Federal Communications Commission. I acknowledge that
this Protective Order is also a binding agreement with the Submitting
Party. I am not in a position to use the Confidential Information for
competitive commercial or business purposes, including competitive
decision-making, and my activities, association or relationship with the
Reviewing Parties, Authorized Representatives, or other persons does not
involve rendering advice or participating in any or all of the Reviewing
Parties', Associated Representatives' or other persons' business
decisions that are or will be made in light of similar or corresponding
information about a competitor.
(signed) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(printed name) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(representing) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(title) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(employer) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(address) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(phone) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
(date) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**APPENDIX D**
**Example Calculation of the Leased Access Rate**
**I. Example of the Marginal Implicit Fee Calculation**
The following table illustrates the channel line-up of a tier with
greater than 50% subscriber penetration. The tier consists of 26
channels. We will assume that 100 subscribers purchase this tier and
that they all pay the retail price of \$18.95.
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| **Programming** | **Affiliation Fee Paid by | **Implicit Fee** |
| | Cable Operator to the | |
| | Programmer** | **(net revenue)** |
| | | |
| | **(monthly amount per | |
| | subscriber )** | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Broadcast Station | \$ 0.00 | \$ 0.000 |
| 1 | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Broadcast Station | \$ 0.05 | \$ 0.082 |
| 2 | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Broadcast Station | \$ 0.00 | \$ 0.000 |
| 3 | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| PEG 1 | \$ 0.00 | \$ 0.000 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Leased Access 1 | \$ 0.00 | \$ 0.000 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 1 | \$ 0.12 | \$ 0.196 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 2 | \$ 0.34 | \$ 0.556 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 3 | \$ 0.05 | \$ 0.082 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 4 | \$ 0.07 | \$ 0.114 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 5 | \$ 0.01 | \$ 0.016 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 6 | \$ 0.04 | \$ 0.065 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 7 | \$ 0.05 | \$ 0.082 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 8 | \$ 0.27 | \$ 0.442 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 9 | \$ 0.00 | \$ 0.000 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 10 | \$ 0.10 | \$ 0.164 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 11 | \$ 0.48 | \$ 0.785 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 12 | \$ 2.19 | \$ 3.582 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 13 | \$ 1.10 | \$ 1.799 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 14 | \$ 0.57 | \$ 0.932 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 15 | \$ 0.15 | \$ 0.245 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 16 | \$ 0.41 | \$ 0.671 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 17 | \$ 0.19 | \$ 0.311 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 18 | \$ 0.06 | \$ 0.098 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 19 | \$ 0.21 | \$ 0.343 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 20 | \$ 0.11 | \$ 0.180 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
| Cable Network 21 | \$ 0.62 | \$ 1.014 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+--------------------+
**Step 1: Determine Monthly per-subscriber Affiliation Fees for each
Channel on the Tier**
The preceding table presents the monthly per-subscriber affiliation fee
paid by the cable operator to the programmer. These values are those
contractually agreed to and paid by the cable operator. As illustrated,
this hypothetical cable operator carries three broadcast stations. Two
of the broadcast stations do not receive a monthly per-subscriber
payment from the cable operator, while "Broadcast Station 2" receives
\$0.05 per month per subscriber from the cable operator. In addition,
"Cable Network 8" and "Cable Network 9" are sold by the programmer on a
bundled basis in a contract which does not specify individual
affiliation fees for each network, but instead specifies a rate of
\$0.27 for carriage of both networks. "Cable Network 8" is the higher
rated of the two networks and therefore the affiliation fee is allocated
to it and the affiliate fee for "Cable Network 9" is set equal to zero.
**Step 2: Determine the Mark-up of the Tier**
The mark-up is equal to the total subscriber revenue for the programming
tier (100 x \$18.95 = \$1,895), divided by the total of the affiliation
fees the cable operator pays to the programmers for the channels on the
tier (100 x \$7.19 = \$719). In the example the mark-up is equal to
2.636.
**Step 3: Determine the Implicit Fee of each Channel on the Tier**
The implicit fee, or net revenue, is equal to the gross revenue from the
channel less the affiliation fee of the channel. The gross revenue is
obtained by multiplying the affiliation fee by the mark-up of the tier.
**Step 4: Determine the Number of Marginal Channels on the Tier**
The number of marginal channels is equal to 15% of the non-mandated
channels on the tier. In this case, the tier contains 5 mandated
channels: "Broadcast Station 1," "Broadcast Station 2," "Broadcast
Station 3," "PEG 1," and "Leased Access 1." Therefore there are 21
non-mandated channels on the tier. The number of marginal channels is
0.15 x 21 = 3.15. The result should be rounded to the nearest positive
integer. This tier has three marginal channels.
**Step 5: Determine the Marginal Channels**
The marginal channels are the three non-mandated channels with the
lowest implicit fee. In this example, those channels are: "Cable Network
5," "Cable Network 6," and "Cable Network 9."
**Step 6: Calculate the Marginal Implicit Fee**
The marginal implicit fee is the mean of the implicit fees of the three
marginal channels. The marginal implicit fee is (0.000 + 0.016 +
0.065)/3 = 0.027. The monthly rate for a leased access programmer on
this tier is \$0.027 per subscriber.
**II. Alternative Methods for Calculating the Maximum Allowable Leased
Access Rate**
1. We use several methods to examine aggregate information on the cable
industry and develop a maximum allowable leased access rate. All of
our methods begin with the construction of hypothetical analog and
digital tiers based upon the 194 most widely distributed
networks.[^233] We base the sizes of the hypothetical analog and
digital tiers on data collected via the FCC's Cable Price Survey.
The survey indicates that the average analog tier contains 54.9
non-mandated channels and the most highly subscribed digital tier
contains 33.7 additional channels.[^234] The most widely distributed
networks were ranked according to their subscribers. They are then
weighted according to the number of subscribers that they reach
relative to the most widely distributed network, The Discovery
Channel, which received a weight of 1. Lesser distributed networks
receive weights that are equivalent to the fraction of subscribers
they have relative to the most widely distributed network.
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110. The hypothetical analog tier consists of the channels with the
highest subscribers, whose weights sum to 54.9. This hypothetical
analog tier consists of 67 program networks. These 67 networks
reach the same number of subscribers as that which would be reached
if 55 networks each reached 100% of cable subscribers. Construction
of the hypothetical digital tier is complicated by the fact that 12
of the 194 most widely distributed networks do not currently
receive any license fees. We therefore proceed on two fronts. We
construct a digital tier which includes these "no-fee" networks
which we refer to as the "inclusive digital tier" as well as an
"exclusive digital tier" which excludes networks with no license
fees from the hypothetical digital tier. An additional complication
is that our information on affiliation fees and distribution of
cable networks is not sufficiently broad to get a sufficient number
of networks whose weights sum to 33.7, the number of channels on
the average digital tier. Therefore both the inclusive and
exclusive digital tiers will contain all of the networks not
included in our hypothetical analog tier. The inclusive digital
tier consists of 127 networks with a total weight of 17. The
exclusive digital tier contains 115 networks with a weight of 15.1.
111. We examine two approaches to calculating the marginal implicit fees
of the hypothetical analog and digital tiers. The first approach,
which we refer to as the net revenue approach, follows the method
used to calculate the operator-specific rates. The average mark-up
of cable operators is determined. This value is used to determine
net revenue of each network on the tier by multiplying it against
the affiliation fee to obtain gross revenue and subtracting off the
programming cost to obtain net revenue. The marginal implicit fee
is calculated as the mean or median net revenue of the least
profitable 15% of channels on the tier. The other approach, which
we call the per-subscriber fee approach, calculates the marginal
implicit fee as the mean or median affiliation fee of the least
costly 15% of channels on the hypothetical tier. Because the
mark-up of each channel on a tier is the same, ranking networks by
net revenue or per-subscriber fees leads to the same ordering of
the networks. Therefore, the identities of the channels used to
calculate the marginal implicit fee under either approach are the
same for a given hypothetical tier.
A. The Marginal Implicit Fee under the Net Revenue Approach
112. As discussed, the net revenue approach mirrors the system-specific
method adopted in this order. The mark-up of programming costs by
cable operators is determined by dividing video revenues by
programming costs.[^235] The mark-up in the cable industry is 2.76.
This mark-up is then applied to the per-subscriber affiliation fees
of the networks in the hypothetical tiers in order to determine the
gross revenue per subscriber that each of those networks generates
for the cable industry. Subtracting the per subscriber affiliation
fee from the gross revenue per subscriber yields the net revenue
per subscriber. The next step in the calculation is to determine
the marginal channels, which is based upon the number of channels
that the average cable operator must set aside for leased access.
The marginal networks for the maximum allowable rate on an analog
tier will be the 15% of 54.9 or 8.2 networks. The marginal channels
are those channels, with the lowest net revenues amongst the 67,
whose weights sum to 8.2 (the number of marginal channels on our
hypothetical analog tier). The weighted mean of the net revenue of
those 13 networks is equal to \$0.091 per subscriber per month and
the weighted median is equal to \$0.094 per subscriber per month.
113. Calculation of the maximum rate for the hypothetical digital tiers
is similar. The tier consists of those networks that were not
included in the hypothetical analog tier with the greatest numbers
of subscribers, whose weights sum to 33.7.[^236] The marginal
channels are those channels, with the lowest net revenues whose
weights sum to 5.1 (15% of the number of channels on our
hypothetical digital tier). The weighted mean net revenue of those
networks is \$0.056 per subscriber per month and the weighted
median is \$0.070 per subscriber per month for the exclusive
digital tier. The weighted mean net revenue for the inclusive
digital tier is \$0.026 per subscriber per month and the weighted
median is \$0.035 per subscriber per month.
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B. The Marginal Implicit Fee under the Per-Subscriber Fee Approach
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114. The per-subscriber fee method is based upon the costs incurred by a
cable system when it must vacate a channel in order to provide
capacity to a commercial leased access programmer. If a cable
system that receives a request for LA carriage has no vacant
channels available, then the system will need to incur certain
costs in order to make the required capacity available to the LA
programmer. Specifically, it is unlikely that the commercial
contracts that the cable operator has with program channels permit
unilateral costless cancellation by the cable operator. Even
without detailed information on these contracts, it is reasonable
to assume that the cable operator would need to provide some
compensation to the "bumped" channel in order to induce it to
vacate the system. One reasonable candidate for this is the fee
that the cable operator was collecting from each consumer and
paying to the bumped channel (the "per-subscriber fee"). If we
assume that the marginal channel is earning negligible advertising
revenues, then that channel would be made whole if it continued to
receive the per-subscriber fee that the cable operator had been
paying. We use this as an alternative method of examining the costs
that leased access programming may impose on cable operators.
115. To calculate the marginal implicit fee under the per-subscriber fee
approach, rather than calculating the weighted means and medians of
the net revenue of the bottom 15% of networks in a tier, the
weighted means and medians of the affiliation fees are calculated.
As discussed, because a constant mark-up is applied to affiliation
fees when calculating net revenue, networks with the lowest net
revenue are also the networks with the lowest affiliation fees.
Therefore the marginal implicit cost using the per-subscriber fee
method is based on exactly the same networks as used to calculate
the marginal implicit fee with the net revenue method. The weighted
mean of the per-subscriber fee of the marginal networks on the
hypothetical analog tier is equal to \$0.051 per subscriber per
month and the weighted median is equal to \$0.053 per subscriber
per month. The weighted mean of the per-subscriber fee of the
marginal networks on the hypothetical inclusive digital tier is
equal to \$0.015 per subscriber per month and the weighted median
is equal to \$0.020 per subscriber per month. The weighted mean of
the programming cost of the marginal networks on the hypothetical
exclusive digital tier is equal to \$0.032 per subscriber per month
and the weighted median is equal to \$0.040 per subscriber per
month.
**APPENDIX E**
**Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis**
1. As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, as amended
("RFA"),[^237] an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ("IRFA")
was incorporated in the *Notice of Proposed Rulemaking* ("*Notice*")
in MB Docket No. 07-42.[^238] The Commission sought written public
comment on the proposals in the *Notice of Proposed Rulemaking*,
including comment on the IRFA. This present Final Regulatory
Flexibility Analysis ("FRFA") conforms to the RFA.[^239]
> **A. Need for, and Objectives of, the Rules Adopted**
2. The commercial leased access requirements set forth in Section 612
of the Communications Act of 1934 require a cable operator to set
aside channel capacity for commercial use by video programmers
unaffiliated with the cable operator.[^240] The purposes of Section
612 are "to promote competition in the delivery of diverse sources
of video programming and to assure that the widest possible
diversity of information sources are made available to the public
from cable systems in a manner consistent with growth and
development of cable systems."[^241]
3. In the *Order*, the Commission concludes that its rules governing
commercial leased access have impeded the use of leased access
channels by programmers, including smaller entities, thereby
undermining the goals of Section 612. The *Order* adopts several
rules to address this concern. Regarding commercial leased access
rates, the Commission concludes that its current formula for
calculating leased access rates yields fees charged by cable
operators that are higher than the statute mandates, resulting in an
underutilization of leased access channels.[^242] To address this
concern, the *Order* modifies the Commission's formula used to
calculate commercial leased access rates, which will result in
making these channels a more viable outlet for leased access
programming.[^243] The *Order* also provides that the maximum leased
access rate will not exceed \$0.10 per subscriber per month for any
cable system.[^244] Cable operators may petition the Commission to
exceed the maximum allowable leased access rates.[^245] A petition
for relief must present specific facts justifying the system's
specific leased access rate and provide an alternative rate which
equitably balances the revenue requirements of the cable operator
with the public interest goals of the leased access statute.[^246]
The *Order* does not apply the new rate methodology or the maximum
allowable leased access rate of \$0.10 per subscriber to programmers
that predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length
commercials.[^247]
4. To address poor customer service practices of cable system operators
with regard to potential leased access programmers, the *Order*
requires a cable system operator to meet uniform customer service
standards; to maintain a contact name, telephone number, and e-mail
address on its website; to make available by telephone a designated
person to respond to requests for information about leased access
channels; and to maintain a brief explanation of the leased access
statute and regulations on its website.[^248] In response to
concerns raised by commercial leased access programmers that
contract terms and conditions imposed by cable operators are often
unfair, unreasonable, onerous, and overly burdensome, the *Order*
requires cable operators to apply the same uniform standards, terms,
and conditions for all of its leased access programmers as it
applies to its other programmers.[^249] The *Order* also specifies
the information that a leased access programmer must provide to a
cable system operator in order to be considered for carriage, and
requires the cable system operator to respond to the proposal by
accepting the proposed terms or offering alternative terms within 10
days.[^250]
5. Regarding leased access complaint procedures, the *Order* adopts an
expedited process which requires the Media Bureau to resolve leased
access complaints within 90 days of the close of the pleading cycle
and eliminates the requirement for a leased access complainant
alleging that a rate is unreasonable to first obtain a determination
of the cable operator's maximum permitted rate from an independent
accountant.[^251] The *Order* revises rules to provide that, as part
of the remedy phase of a leased access complaint process, the Media
Bureau will have the discretion to request that the parties file
their best and final offer for the prices, terms, or conditions in
dispute, and the Media Bureau will have the discretion to adopt one
of the best and final offers or to choose to fashion its own
remedy.[^252] The *Order* also amends the Commission's discovery
rules pertaining to leased access complaints by requiring
respondents to attach to their answers copies of any documents that
they rely on in their defense; finding that in the context of a
complaint proceeding, it would be unreasonable for a respondent not
to produce all the documents either requested by the complainant or
ordered by the Commission, provided that such documents are in its
control and relevant to the dispute, subject to the protection of
confidential material; and emphasizing that the Commission will use
its authority to issue default orders granting a complaint if a
respondent fails to comply with its discovery requests.[^253]
6. Moreover, in order to ensure that the Commission has sufficient
up-to-date information on the status of leased access programming in
the future, the *Order* adopts a reporting requirement for cable
operators that requires cable operators to file annual reports on
leased access rates, channel usage, and complaints, among other
matters pertaining to leased access.[^254] Leased access programmers
will have an opportunity to file comments with the Commission in
response to these reports.[^255]
> **B.** **Summary of Significant Issues Raised by Public Comments in
> Response to the IRFA**
7. There were no comments filed specifically in response to the IRFA.
**C. Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities to
Which the Proposed Rules Will Apply**
8. The RFA directs agencies to provide a description of, and where
feasible, an estimate of the number of small entities that may be
affected by the proposed rules, if adopted.[^256] The RFA generally
defines the term "small entity" as having the same meaning as the
terms "small business," "small organization," and "small
governmental jurisdiction."[^257] In addition, the term "small
business" has the same meaning as the term "small business concern"
under the Small Business Act.[^258] A "small business concern" is
one which: (1) is independently owned and operated; (2) is not
dominant in its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any additional
criteria established by the Small Business Administration
("SBA").[^259]
9. *Wired Telecommunications Carriers*. The 2007 North American
Industry Classification System ("NAICS") defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include the
following three classifications which were listed separately in the
2002 NAICS: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (2002 NAICS code
517110), Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAICS code
517510), and Internet Service Providers (2002 NAISC code
518111).[^260] The 2007 NAISC defines this category as follows:
"This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in
operating and/or providing access to transmission facilities and
infrastructure that they own and/or lease for the transmission of
voice, data, text, sound, and video using wired telecommunications
networks. Transmission facilities may be based on a single
technology or a combination of technologies. Establishments in this
industry use the wired telecommunications network facilities that
they operate to provide a variety of services, such as wired
telephony services, including VoIP services; wired (cable) audio and
video programming distribution; and wired broadband Internet
services. By exception, establishments providing satellite
television distribution services using facilities and infrastructure
that they operate are included in this industry."[^261] The SBA has
developed a small business size standard for Wired
Telecommunications Carriers, which is all firms having 1,500
employees or less.[^262] According to Census Bureau data for 2002,
there were a total of 27,148 firms in the Wired Telecommunications
Carriers category (2002 NAISC code 517110) that operated for the
entire year; 6,021 firms in the Cable and Other Program Distribution
category (2002 NAISC code 517510) that operated for the entire year;
and 3,408 firms in the Internet Service Providers category (2002
NAISC code 518111) that operated for the entire year.[^263] Of these
totals, 25,374 of 27,148 firms in the Wired Telecommunications
Carriers category (2002 NAISC code 517110) had less than 100
employees; 5,496 of 6,021 firms in the Cable and Other Program
Distribution category (2002 NAISC code 517510) had less than 100
employees; and 3,303 of the 3,408 firms in the Internet Service
Providers category (2002 NAISC code 518111) had less than 100
employees.[^264] Thus, under this size standard, the majority of
firms can be considered small.
10. *Cable and Other Program Distribution.* The 2002 NAICS defines this
category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged as third-party distribution systems for broadcast
programming. The establishments of this industry deliver visual,
aural, or textual programming received from cable networks, local
television stations, or radio networks to consumers via cable or
direct-to-home satellite systems on a subscription or fee basis.
These establishments do not generally originate programming
material."[^265] This category includes, among others, cable
operators, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") services, home
satellite dish ("HSD") services, satellite master antenna television
("SMATV") systems, and open video systems ("OVS"). The SBA has
developed a small business size standard for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which is all such firms having \$13.5 million or less
in annual receipts.[^266] According to Census Bureau data for 2002,
there were a total of 1,191 firms in this category that operated for
the entire year.[^267] Of this total, 1,087 firms had annual
receipts of under \$10 million, and 43 firms had receipts of \$10
million or more but less than \$25 million.[^268] Thus, under this
size standard, the majority of firms can be considered small.
11. *Cable System Operators (Rate Regulation Standard).* The Commission
has also developed its own small business size standards for the
purpose of cable rate regulation. Under the Commission's rules, a
"small cable company" is one serving 400,000 or fewer subscribers
nationwide.[^269] As of 2006, 7,916 cable operators qualify as small
cable companies under this standard.[^270] In addition, under the
Commission's rules, a "small system" is a cable system serving
15,000 or fewer subscribers.[^271] Industry data indicate that 6,139
systems have under 10,000 subscribers, and an additional 379 systems
have 10,000-19,999 subscribers.[^272] Thus, under this standard,
most cable systems are small.
12. *Cable System Operators (Telecom Act Standard)*. The Communications
Act of 1934, as amended, also contains a size standard for small
cable system operators, which is "a cable operator that, directly or
through an affiliate, serves in the aggregate fewer than 1 percent
of all subscribers in the United States and is not affiliated with
any entity or entities whose gross annual revenues in the aggregate
exceed \$250,000,000."[^273] There are approximately 65.4 million
cable subscribers in the United States today.[^274] Accordingly, an
operator serving fewer than 654,000 subscribers shall be deemed a
small operator, if its annual revenues, when combined with the total
annual revenues of all its affiliates, do not exceed \$250 million
in the aggregate.[^275] Based on available data, we find that the
number of cable operators serving 654,000 subscribers or less totals
approximately 7,916.[^276] We note that the Commission neither
requests nor collects information on whether cable system operators
are affiliated with entities whose gross annual revenues exceed
\$250 million.[^277] Although it seems certain that some of these
cable system operators are affiliated with entities whose gross
annual revenues exceed \$250,000,000, we are unable at this time to
estimate with greater precision the number of cable system operators
that would qualify as small cable operators under the definition in
the Communications Act.
13. *Direct Broadcast Satellite ("DBS") Service.* DBS service is a
nationally distributed subscription service that delivers video and
audio programming via satellite to a small parabolic "dish" antenna
at the subscriber's location. Because DBS provides subscription
services, DBS falls within the SBA-recognized definition of Cable
and Other Program Distribution.[^278] This definition provides that
a small entity is one with \$13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^279] Currently, three operators provide DBS service,
which requires a great investment of capital for operation: DIRECTV,
EchoStar (marketed as the DISH Network), and Dominion Video
Satellite, Inc. ("Dominion") (marketed as Sky Angel).[^280] All
three currently offer subscription services. Two of these three DBS
operators, DIRECTV[^281] and EchoStar Communications Corporation
("EchoStar"),[^282] report annual revenues that are in excess of the
threshold for a small business. The third DBS operator, Dominion's
Sky Angel service, serves fewer than one million subscribers and
provides 20 family and religion-oriented channels.[^283] Dominion
does not report its annual revenues. The Commission does not know of
any source which provides this information and, thus, we have no way
of confirming whether Dominion qualifies as a small business.
Because DBS service requires significant capital, we believe it is
unlikely that a small entity as defined by the SBA would have the
financial wherewithal to become a DBS licensee. Nevertheless, given
the absence of specific data on this point, we recognize the
possibility that there are entrants in this field that may not yet
have generated \$13.5 million in annual receipts, and therefore may
be categorized as a small business, if independently owned and
operated.
14. *Private Cable Operators (PCOs) also known as Satellite Master
Antenna Television (SMATV) Systems*. PCOs, also known as SMATV
systems or private communication operators, are video distribution
facilities that use closed transmission paths without using any
public right-of-way. PCOs acquire video programming and distribute
it via terrestrial wiring in urban and suburban multiple dwelling
units such as apartments and condominiums, and commercial multiple
tenant units such as hotels and office buildings. The SBA definition
of small entities for Cable and Other Program Distribution Services
includes PCOs and, thus, small entities are defined as all such
companies generating \$13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^284] Currently, there are approximately 150 members in
the Independent Multi-Family Communications Council (IMCC), the
trade association that represents PCOs.[^285] Individual PCOs often
serve approximately 3,000-4,000 subscribers, but the larger
operations serve as many as 15,000-55,000 subscribers. In total,
PCOs currently serve approximately one million subscribers.[^286]
Because these operators are not rate regulated, they are not
required to file financial data with the Commission. Furthermore, we
are not aware of any privately published financial information
regarding these operators. Based on the estimated number of
operators and the estimated number of units served by the largest
ten PCOs, we believe that a substantial number of PCO may qualify as
small entities.
15. *Home Satellite Dish ("HSD") Service.* Because HSD provides
subscription services, HSD falls within the SBA-recognized
definition of Cable and Other Program Distribution, which includes
all such companies generating \$13.5 million or less in revenue
annually.[^287] HSD or the large dish segment of the satellite
industry is the original satellite-to-home service offered to
consumers, and involves the home reception of signals transmitted by
satellites operating generally in the C-band frequency. Unlike DBS,
which uses small dishes, HSD antennas are between four and eight
feet in diameter and can receive a wide range of unscrambled (free)
programming and scrambled programming purchased from program
packagers that are licensed to facilitate subscribers' receipt of
video programming. There are approximately 30 satellites operating
in the C-band, which carry over 500 channels of programming
combined; approximately 350 channels are available free of charge
and 150 are scrambled and require a subscription. HSD is difficult
to quantify in terms of annual revenue. HSD owners have access to
program channels placed on C-band satellites by programmers for
receipt and distribution by MVPDs. Commission data shows that,
between June 2004 and June 2005, HSD subscribership fell from
335,766 subscribers to 206,358 subscribers, a decline of more than
38 percent.[^288] The Commission has no information regarding the
annual revenue of the four C-Band distributors.
16. *Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service*.
Broadband Radio Service comprises Multichannel Multipoint
Distribution Service (MMDS) systems and Multipoint Distribution
Service (MDS).[^289] MMDS systems, often referred to as "wireless
cable," transmit video programming to subscribers using the
microwave frequencies of MDS and Educational Broadband Service (EBS)
(formerly known as Instructional Television Fixed Service
(ITFS)).[^290] We estimate that the number of wireless cable
subscribers is approximately 100,000, as of March 2005. The SBA
definition of small entities for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which includes such companies generating \$13.5
million in annual receipts, appears applicable to MDS and
ITFS.[^291]
17. The Commission has also defined small MDS (now BRS) entities in the
context of Commission license auctions. For purposes of the 1996 MDS
auction, the Commission defined a small business as an entity that
had annual average gross revenues of less than \$40 million in the
previous three calendar years.[^292] This definition of a small
entity in the context of MDS auctions has been approved by the
SBA.[^293] In the MDS auction, 67 bidders won 493 licenses.[^294] Of
the 67 auction winners, 61 claimed status as a small business. At
this time, the Commission estimates that of the 61 small business
MDS auction winners, 48 remain small business licensees. In addition
to the 48 small businesses that hold BTA authorizations, there are
approximately 392 incumbent MDS licensees that have gross revenues
that are not more than \$40 million and are thus considered small
entities.[^295] MDS licensees and wireless cable operators that did
not receive their licenses as a result of the MDS auction fall under
the SBA small business size standard for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which includes all such entities that do not generate
revenue in excess of \$13.5 million annually.[^296] Information
available to us indicates that there are approximately 850 of these
licensees and operators that do not generate revenue in excess of
\$13.5 million annually. Therefore, we estimate that there are
approximately 850 small entity MDS (or BRS) providers, as defined by
the SBA and the Commission's auction rules.
18. Educational institutions are included in this analysis as small
entities; however, the Commission has not created a specific small
business size standard for ITFS (now EBS).[^297] We estimate that
there are currently 2,032 ITFS (or EBS) licensees, and all but 100
of the licenses are held by educational institutions. Thus, we
estimate that at least 1,932 ITFS licensees are small entities.
19. *Local Multipoint Distribution Service.* Local Multipoint
Distribution Service (LMDS) is a fixed broadband point-to-multipoint
microwave service that provides for two-way video
telecommunications.[^298] The SBA definition of small entities for
Cable and Other Program Distribution, which includes such companies
generating \$13.5 million in annual receipts, appears applicable to
LMDS.[^299] The Commission has also defined small LMDS entities in
the context of Commission license auctions. In the 1998 and 1999
LMDS auctions,[^300] the Commission defined a small business as an
entity that had annual average gross revenues of less than \$40
million in the previous three calendar years.[^301] Moreover, the
Commission added an additional classification for a "very small
business," which was defined as an entity that had annual average
gross revenues of less than \$15 million in the previous three
calendar years.[^302] These definitions of "small business" and
"very small business" in the context of the LMDS auctions have been
approved by the SBA.[^303] In the first LMDS auction, 104 bidders
won 864 licenses. Of the 104 auction winners, 93 claimed status as
small or very small businesses. In the LMDS re-auction, 40 bidders
won 161 licenses. Based on this information, we believe that the
number of small LMDS licenses will include the 93 winning bidders in
the first auction and the 40 winning bidders in the re-auction, for
a total of 133 small entity LMDS providers as defined by the SBA and
the Commission's auction rules.
20. *Open Video Systems ("OVS").* The OVS framework provides
opportunities for the distribution of video programming other than
through cable systems. Because OVS operators provide subscription
services,[^304] OVS falls within the SBA-recognized definition of
Cable and Other Program Distribution Services, which provides that a
small entity is one with \$ 13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^305] The Commission has approved approximately 120 OVS
certifications with some OVS operators now providing service.[^306]
Broadband service providers (BSPs) are currently the only
significant holders of OVS certifications or local OVS franchises,
even though OVS is one of four statutorily-recognized options for
local exchange carriers (LECs) to offer video programming services.
As of June 2005, BSPs served approximately 1.4 million subscribers,
representing 1.49 percent of all MVPD households.[^307] Among BSPs,
however, those operating under the OVS framework are in the
minority.[^308] As of June 2005, RCN Corporation is the largest BSP
and 14th largest MVPD, serving approximately 371,000
subscribers.[^309] RCN received approval to operate OVS systems in
New York City, Boston, Washington, D.C. and other areas. The
Commission does not have financial information regarding the
entities authorized to provide OVS, some of which may not yet be
operational. We thus believe that at least some of the OVS operators
may qualify as small entities.
21. *Cable and Other Subscription Programming.* The Census Bureau
defines this category as follows: "This industry comprises
establishments primarily engaged in operating studios and facilities
for the broadcasting of programs on a subscription or fee basis . .
. . These establishments produce programming in their own facilities
or acquire programming from external sources. The programming
material is usually delivered to a third party, such as cable
systems or direct-to-home satellite systems, for transmission to
viewers."[^310] The SBA has developed a small business size standard
for firms within this category, which is all firms with \$13.5
million or less in annual receipts.[^311] According to Census Bureau
data for 2002, there were 270 firms in this category that operated
for the entire year.[^312] Of this total, 217 firms had annual
receipts of under \$10 million and 13 firms had annual receipts of
\$10 million to \$24,999,999.[^313] Thus, under this category and
associated small business size standard, the majority of firms can
be considered small.
22. *Motion Picture and Video Production*. The Census Bureau defines
this category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion
pictures, videos, television programs, or television
commercials."[^314] The SBA has developed a small business size
standard for firms within this category, which is all firms with
\$27 million or less in annual receipts.[^315] According to Census
Bureau data for 2002, there were 7,772 firms in this category that
operated for the entire year.[^316] Of this total, 7,685 firms had
annual receipts of under \$24,999,999 and 45 firms had annual
receipts of between \$25,000,000 and \$49,999,999.[^317] Thus, under
this category and associated small business size standard, the
majority of firms can be considered small. Each of these NAICS
categories is very broad and includes firms that may be engaged in
various industries, including cable programming. Specific figures
are not available regarding how many of these firms exclusively
produce and/or distribute programming for cable television or how
many are independently owned and operated.
23. *Motion Picture and Video Distribution*. The Census Bureau defines
this category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing
film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television
networks and stations, and exhibitors."[^318] The SBA has developed
a small business size standard for firms within this category, which
is all firms with \$27 million or less in annual receipts.[^319]
According to Census Bureau data for 2002, there were 377 firms in
this category that operated for the entire year.[^320] Of this
total, 365 firms had annual receipts of under \$24,999,999 and 7
firms had annual receipts of between \$25,000,000 and
\$49,999,999.[^321] Thus, under this category and associated small
business size standard, the majority of firms can be considered
small. Each of these NAICS categories is very broad and includes
firms that may be engaged in various industries, including cable
programming. Specific figures are not available regarding how many
of these firms exclusively produce and/or distribute programming for
cable television or how many are independently owned and operated.
24. *Small Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers*. We have included small
incumbent local exchange carriers in this present RFA analysis. A
"small business" under the RFA is one that, *inter alia*, meets the
pertinent small business size standard (*e.g.*, a telephone
communications business having 1,500 or fewer employees), and "is
not dominant in its field of operation."[^322] The SBA's Office of
Advocacy contends that, for RFA purposes, small incumbent local
exchange carriers are not dominant in their field of operation
because any such dominance is not "national" in scope.[^323] We have
therefore included small incumbent local exchange carriers in this
RFA, although we emphasize that this RFA action has no effect on
Commission analyses and determinations in other, non-RFA contexts.
25. *Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers ("LECs")*. Neither the Commission
nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard
specifically for incumbent local exchange services. The appropriate
size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired
Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a
business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees.[^324]
According to Commission data,[^325] 1,307 carriers have reported
that they are engaged in the provision of incumbent local exchange
services. Of these 1,307 carriers, an estimated 1,019 have 1,500 or
fewer employees and 288 have more than 1,500 employees.
Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of
incumbent local exchange service are small businesses.
26. *Competitive Local Exchange Carriers, Competitive Access Providers
(CAPs), Shared-Tenant Service Providers," and "Other Local Service
Providers."* Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a
small business size standard specifically for these service
providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the
category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size
standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer
employees.[^326] According to Commission data,[^327] 859 carriers
have reported that they are engaged in the provision of either
competitive access provider services or competitive local exchange
carrier services. Of these 859 carriers, an estimated 741 have 1,500
or fewer employees and 118 have more than 1,500 employees. In
addition, 16 carriers have reported that they are "Shared-Tenant
Service Providers," and all 16 are estimated to have 1,500 or fewer
employees. In addition, 44 carriers have reported that they are
"Other Local Service Providers." Of the 44, an estimated 43 have
1,500 or fewer employees and one has more than 1,500 employees.
Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of
competitive local exchange service, competitive access providers,
"Shared-Tenant Service Providers," and "Other Local Service
Providers" are small entities.
27. *Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution*. The
Census Bureau defines this category as follows: "This industry group
comprises establishments primarily engaged in generating,
transmitting, and/or distributing electric power. Establishments in
this industry group may perform one or more of the following
activities: (1) operate generation facilities that produce electric
energy; (2) operate transmission systems that convey the electricity
from the generation facility to the distribution system; and (3)
operate distribution systems that convey electric power received
from the generation facility or the transmission system to the final
consumer."[^328] The SBA has developed a small business size
standard for firms in this category: "A firm is small if, including
its affiliates, it is primarily engaged in the generation,
transmission, and/or distribution of electric energy for sale and
its total electric output for the preceding fiscal year did not
exceed 4 million megawatt hours."[^329] According to Census Bureau
data for 2002, there were 1,644 firms in this category that operated
for the entire year.[^330] Census data do not track electric output
and we have not determined how many of these firms fit the SBA size
standard for small, with no more than 4 million megawatt hours of
electric output. Consequently, we estimate that 1,644 or fewer firms
may be considered small under the SBA small business size standard.
> **D. Description of Reporting, Recordkeeping and other Compliance
> Requirements**
28. The rules adopted in the *Report and Order* will impose additional
reporting, recordkeeping, and other compliance requirements on cable
system operators and leased access programmers. The *Order* requires
a respondent in a leased access complaint proceeding that expressly
relies upon a document in asserting a defense to include the
document as part of its answer.[^331] The *Order* finds that in the
context of a leased access complaint proceeding, it would be
unreasonable for a respondent not to produce all the documents
either requested by the complainant or ordered by the Commission,
provided that such documents are in its control and relevant to the
dispute.[^332] The *Order* requires the parties to a leased access
complaint proceeding to enter into a Protective Order to protect
pleading or discovery material that is deemed by the submitting
party to contain confidential information.[^333] The *Order*
requires cable system operators to submit annual reports on leased
access rates, channel usage, and complaints.[^334] The *Order*
requires cable system operators to provide prospective leased access
programmers with certain information within three business days of
the date on which a request for leased access information is
made.[^335] A longer period for small systems to respond has been
retained. The *Order* requires cable system operators to meet
uniform customer service standards with respect to their dealings
with leased access programmers and to apply uniform contract terms
and conditions to all leased access programmers as applied to other
programmers.[^336] The *Order* requires cable systems to maintain a
contact name, telephone number, and e-mail address on their website
and to make available by telephone a designated person to respond to
requests for information about leased access channels.[^337] The
*Order* requires a cable system operator to maintain a brief
explanation of the leased access statute and regulations on its
website.[^338] The *Order* specifies the information that a leased
access programmer must provide to a cable system operator in order
to be considered for carriage and requires the cable system operator
to respond to the proposal by accepting the proposed terms or
offering alternative terms within 10 days.[^339]
> **E. Steps Taken to Minimize Significant Impact on Small Entities and
> Significant Alternatives Considered**
29. The RFA requires an agency to describe any significant alternatives
that it has considered in proposing regulatory approaches, which may
include the following four alternatives (among others): (1) the
establishment of differing compliance or reporting requirements or
timetables that take into account the resources available to small
entities; (2) the clarification, consolidation, or simplification of
compliance or reporting requirements under the rule for small
entities; (3) the use of performance, rather than design, standards;
and (4) an exemption from coverage of the rule, or any part thereof,
for small entities.[^340] The *Notice* invited comment on issues
that had the potential to have significant economic impact on some
small entities.[^341]
30. As discussed in Section A, the decision to modify the leased access
rules will facilitate the goals of Section 612 of the Communications
Act "to promote competition in the delivery of diverse sources of
video programming and to assure that the widest possible diversity
of information sources are made available to the public from cable
systems in a manner consistent with growth and development of cable
systems."[^342] The decision confers benefits upon the variety of
leased access programmers, most of which are smaller entities. Thus,
the decision to modify the leased access rules benefits smaller
entities as well as larger entities. The alternative of retaining
the current leased access rules would hinder achieving the goals of
competition and diversity as envisioned by Congress. Moreover, the
alternative of requiring only certain cable operators to comply with
these new rules, such as only large cable operators, would similarly
impede achieving the goals of competition and diversity as
envisioned by Congress. However, a longer period for small systems
to respond to certain requests for information has been retained.
> **F. Report to Congress**
31. The Commission will send a copy of the *Report and Order*, including
this FRFA, in a report to be sent to Congress and the Government
Accountability Office pursuant to the Congressional Review
Act.[^343] In addition, the Commission will send a copy of the
*Report and Order*, including this FRFA, to the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy of the SBA. A copy of the *Report and Order* and FRFA (or
summaries thereof) will also be published in the Federal
Register.[^344]
**APPENDIX F**
**Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis**
# {#section .unnumbered}
1. As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, as amended
(the "RFA")[^345] the Commission has prepared this Initial
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ("IRFA") of the possible significant
economic impact on small entities by the policies and rules proposed
in the *Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking* ("*FNPRM*").[^346]
Written public comments are requested on this IRFA. Comments must be
identified as responses to the IRFA and must be filed by the
deadlines for comments provided on the first page of the document.
The Commission will send a copy of the *FNPRM*, including this IRFA,
to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration ("SBA").[^347] In addition, the *FNPRM* and IRFA (or
summaries thereof) will be published in the *Federal
Register*.[^348]
**A. Need for, and Objectives of, the Proposed Rules**
2. *Overview*. The commercial leased access requirements set forth in
Section 612 of the Communications Act of 1934 require a cable
operator to set aside channel capacity for commercial use by video
programmers unaffiliated with the cable operator.[^349] The purposes
of Section 612 are "to promote competition in the delivery of
diverse sources of video programming and to assure that the widest
possible diversity of information sources are made available to the
public from cable systems in a manner consistent with growth and
development of cable systems."[^350]
3. In the *Report and Order* in MB Docket No. 07-42, the Commission
modified its formula used to calculate commercial leased access
rates, which will result in making leased access channels a more
viable outlet for leased access programming. The *Order* also
provides that the maximum leased access rate will not exceed \$0.10
per subscriber per month for any cable system. The *Order*, however,
did not apply the modified rate formula or the maximum allowable
leased access rate to programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations or program length commercials. These direct sales
programmers often "pay" for carriage \-- either directly or through
some form of revenue sharing with the cable operator.[^351]
4. In the *FNPRM*, the Commission notes its concern about setting the
leased access rates at a point at which programmers that
predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length
commercials simply migrate to leased access because it is less
expensive than their current commercial arrangements.[^352]
Accordingly, the *FNPRM* considers whether leased access at current
rates is affordable to programmers that predominantly transmit sales
presentations and program length commercials.[^353] The *FNPRM*
considers whether applying the modified leased access rate formula
to programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or
program length commercials will cause migration of these services to
leased access.[^354] If these services do migrate to leased access,
the *FNPRM* considers the effect of such a migration.[^355] The
*FNPRM* also considers whether a separate category for direct sales
programmers is appropriate.[^356]
5. In the *FNPRM*, the Commission seeks comment on the foregoing
issues. In particular, the *FNPRM* invites comment on issues that
may impact small entities, including cable operators and leased
access programmers.
**B.** **Legal Basis**
6. The authority for the action proposed in the rulemaking is contained
in Section 4(i), 303, and 612 of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, 47 U.S.C. §§ 154(i), 303, and 532.
**C. Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities to
Which the Proposed Rules Will Apply**
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32. The RFA directs agencies to provide a description of, and where
feasible, an estimate of the number of small entities that may be
affected by the proposed rules, if adopted.[^357] The RFA generally
defines the term "small entity" as having the same meaning as the
terms "small business," "small organization," and "small
governmental jurisdiction."[^358] In addition, the term "small
business" has the same meaning as the term "small business concern"
under the Small Business Act.[^359] A "small business concern" is
one which: (1) is independently owned and operated; (2) is not
dominant in its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any additional
criteria established by the Small Business Administration
("SBA").[^360]
33. *Wired Telecommunications Carriers*. The 2007 North American
Industry Classification System ("NAICS") defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include the
following three classifications which were listed separately in the
2002 NAICS: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (2002 NAICS code
517110), Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code
517510), and Internet Service Providers (2002 NAISC code
518111).[^361] The 2007 NAISC defines this category as follows:
"This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in
operating and/or providing access to transmission facilities and
infrastructure that they own and/or lease for the transmission of
voice, data, text, sound, and video using wired telecommunications
networks. Transmission facilities may be based on a single
technology or a combination of technologies. Establishments in this
industry use the wired telecommunications network facilities that
they operate to provide a variety of services, such as wired
telephony services, including VoIP services; wired (cable) audio and
video programming distribution; and wired broadband Internet
services. By exception, establishments providing satellite
television distribution services using facilities and infrastructure
that they operate are included in this industry."[^362] The SBA has
developed a small business size standard for Wired
Telecommunications Carriers, which is all firms having 1,500
employees or less.[^363] According to Census Bureau data for 2002,
there were a total of 27,148 firms in the Wired Telecommunications
Carriers category (2002 NAISC code 517110) that operated for the
entire year; 6,021 firms in the Cable and Other Program Distribution
category (2002 NAISC code 517510) that operated for the entire year;
and 3,408 firms in the Internet Service Providers category (2002
NAISC code 518111) that operated for the entire year.[^364] Of these
totals, 25,374 of 27,148 firms in the Wired Telecommunications
Carriers category (2002 NAISC code 517110) had less than 100
employees; 5,496 of 6,021 firms in the Cable and Other Program
Distribution category (2002 NAISC code 517510) had less than 100
employees; and 3,303 of the 3,408 firms in the Internet Service
Providers category (2002 NAISC code 518111) had less than 100
employees.[^365] Thus, under this size standard, the majority of
firms can be considered small.
34. *Cable and Other Program Distribution.* The 2002 NAICS defines this
category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged as third-party distribution systems for broadcast
programming. The establishments of this industry deliver visual,
aural, or textual programming received from cable networks, local
television stations, or radio networks to consumers via cable or
direct-to-home satellite systems on a subscription or fee basis.
These establishments do not generally originate programming
material."[^366] This category includes, among others, cable
operators, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") services, home
satellite dish ("HSD") services, satellite master antenna television
("SMATV") systems, and open video systems ("OVS"). The SBA has
developed a small business size standard for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which is all such firms having \$13.5 million or less
in annual receipts.[^367] According to Census Bureau data for 2002,
there were a total of 1,191 firms in this category that operated for
the entire year.[^368] Of this total, 1,087 firms had annual
receipts of under \$10 million, and 43 firms had receipts of \$10
million or more but less than \$25 million.[^369] Thus, under this
size standard, the majority of firms can be considered small.
35. *Cable System Operators (Rate Regulation Standard).* The Commission
has also developed its own small business size standards for the
purpose of cable rate regulation. Under the Commission's rules, a
"small cable company" is one serving 400,000 or fewer subscribers
nationwide.[^370] As of 2006, 7,916 cable operators qualify as small
cable companies under this standard.[^371] In addition, under the
Commission's rules, a "small system" is a cable system serving
15,000 or fewer subscribers.[^372] Industry data indicate that 6,139
systems have under 10,000 subscribers, and an additional 379 systems
have 10,000-19,999 subscribers.[^373] Thus, under this standard,
most cable systems are small.
36. *Cable System Operators (Telecom Act Standard)*. The Communications
Act of 1934, as amended, also contains a size standard for small
cable system operators, which is "a cable operator that, directly or
through an affiliate, serves in the aggregate fewer than 1 percent
of all subscribers in the United States and is not affiliated with
any entity or entities whose gross annual revenues in the aggregate
exceed \$250,000,000."[^374] There are approximately 65.4 million
cable subscribers in the United States today.[^375] Accordingly, an
operator serving fewer than 654,000 subscribers shall be deemed a
small operator, if its annual revenues, when combined with the total
annual revenues of all its affiliates, do not exceed \$250 million
in the aggregate.[^376] Based on available data, we find that the
number of cable operators serving 654,000 subscribers or less totals
approximately 7,916.[^377] We note that the Commission neither
requests nor collects information on whether cable system operators
are affiliated with entities whose gross annual revenues exceed
\$250 million.[^378] Although it seems certain that some of these
cable system operators are affiliated with entities whose gross
annual revenues exceed \$250,000,000, we are unable at this time to
estimate with greater precision the number of cable system operators
that would qualify as small cable operators under the definition in
the Communications Act.
37. *Direct Broadcast Satellite ("DBS") Service.* DBS service is a
nationally distributed subscription service that delivers video and
audio programming via satellite to a small parabolic "dish" antenna
at the subscriber's location. Because DBS provides subscription
services, DBS falls within the SBA-recognized definition of Cable
and Other Program Distribution.[^379] This definition provides that
a small entity is one with \$13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^380] Currently, three operators provide DBS service,
which requires a great investment of capital for operation: DIRECTV,
EchoStar (marketed as the DISH Network), and Dominion Video
Satellite, Inc. ("Dominion") (marketed as Sky Angel).[^381] All
three currently offer subscription services. Two of these three DBS
operators, DIRECTV[^382] and EchoStar Communications Corporation
("EchoStar"),[^383] report annual revenues that are in excess of the
threshold for a small business. The third DBS operator, Dominion's
Sky Angel service, serves fewer than one million subscribers and
provides 20 family and religion-oriented channels.[^384] Dominion
does not report its annual revenues. The Commission does not know of
any source which provides this information and, thus, we have no way
of confirming whether Dominion qualifies as a small business.
Because DBS service requires significant capital, we believe it is
unlikely that a small entity as defined by the SBA would have the
financial wherewithal to become a DBS licensee. Nevertheless, given
the absence of specific data on this point, we recognize the
possibility that there are entrants in this field that may not yet
have generated \$13.5 million in annual receipts, and therefore may
be categorized as a small business, if independently owned and
operated.
38. *Private Cable Operators (PCOs) also known as Satellite Master
Antenna Television (SMATV) Systems*. PCOs, also known as SMATV
systems or private communication operators, are video distribution
facilities that use closed transmission paths without using any
public right-of-way. PCOs acquire video programming and distribute
it via terrestrial wiring in urban and suburban multiple dwelling
units such as apartments and condominiums, and commercial multiple
tenant units such as hotels and office buildings. The SBA definition
of small entities for Cable and Other Program Distribution Services
includes PCOs and, thus, small entities are defined as all such
companies generating \$13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^385] Currently, there are approximately 150 members in
the Independent Multi-Family Communications Council (IMCC), the
trade association that represents PCOs.[^386] Individual PCOs often
serve approximately 3,000-4,000 subscribers, but the larger
operations serve as many as 15,000-55,000 subscribers. In total,
PCOs currently serve approximately one million subscribers.[^387]
Because these operators are not rate regulated, they are not
required to file financial data with the Commission. Furthermore, we
are not aware of any privately published financial information
regarding these operators. Based on the estimated number of
operators and the estimated number of units served by the largest
ten PCOs, we believe that a substantial number of PCO may qualify as
small entities.
39. *Home Satellite Dish ("HSD") Service.* Because HSD provides
subscription services, HSD falls within the SBA-recognized
definition of Cable and Other Program Distribution, which includes
all such companies generating \$13.5 million or less in revenue
annually.[^388] HSD or the large dish segment of the satellite
industry is the original satellite-to-home service offered to
consumers, and involves the home reception of signals transmitted by
satellites operating generally in the C-band frequency. Unlike DBS,
which uses small dishes, HSD antennas are between four and eight
feet in diameter and can receive a wide range of unscrambled (free)
programming and scrambled programming purchased from program
packagers that are licensed to facilitate subscribers' receipt of
video programming. There are approximately 30 satellites operating
in the C-band, which carry over 500 channels of programming
combined; approximately 350 channels are available free of charge
and 150 are scrambled and require a subscription. HSD is difficult
to quantify in terms of annual revenue. HSD owners have access to
program channels placed on C-band satellites by programmers for
receipt and distribution by MVPDs. Commission data shows that,
between June 2004 and June 2005, HSD subscribership fell from
335,766 subscribers to 206,358 subscribers, a decline of more than
38 percent.[^389] The Commission has no information regarding the
annual revenue of the four C-Band distributors.
40. *Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband Service*.
Broadband Radio Service comprises Multichannel Multipoint
Distribution Service (MMDS) systems and Multipoint Distribution
Service (MDS).[^390] MMDS systems, often referred to as "wireless
cable," transmit video programming to subscribers using the
microwave frequencies of MDS and Educational Broadband Service (EBS)
(formerly known as Instructional Television Fixed Service
(ITFS)).[^391] We estimate that the number of wireless cable
subscribers is approximately 100,000, as of March 2005. The SBA
definition of small entities for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which includes such companies generating \$13.5
million in annual receipts, appears applicable to MDS and
ITFS.[^392]
41. The Commission has also defined small MDS (now BRS) entities in the
context of Commission license auctions. For purposes of the 1996 MDS
auction, the Commission defined a small business as an entity that
had annual average gross revenues of less than \$40 million in the
previous three calendar years.[^393] This definition of a small
entity in the context of MDS auctions has been approved by the
SBA.[^394] In the MDS auction, 67 bidders won 493 licenses.[^395] Of
the 67 auction winners, 61 claimed status as a small business. At
this time, the Commission estimates that of the 61 small business
MDS auction winners, 48 remain small business licensees. In addition
to the 48 small businesses that hold BTA authorizations, there are
approximately 392 incumbent MDS licensees that have gross revenues
that are not more than \$40 million and are thus considered small
entities.[^396] MDS licensees and wireless cable operators that did
not receive their licenses as a result of the MDS auction fall under
the SBA small business size standard for Cable and Other Program
Distribution, which includes all such entities that do not generate
revenue in excess of \$13.5 million annually.[^397] Information
available to us indicates that there are approximately 850 of these
licensees and operators that do not generate revenue in excess of
\$13.5 million annually. Therefore, we estimate that there are
approximately 850 small entity MDS (or BRS) providers, as defined by
the SBA and the Commission's auction rules.
42. Educational institutions are included in this analysis as small
entities; however, the Commission has not created a specific small
business size standard for ITFS (now EBS).[^398] We estimate that
there are currently 2,032 ITFS (or EBS) licensees, and all but 100
of the licenses are held by educational institutions. Thus, we
estimate that at least 1,932 ITFS licensees are small entities.
43. *Local Multipoint Distribution Service.* Local Multipoint
Distribution Service (LMDS) is a fixed broadband point-to-multipoint
microwave service that provides for two-way video
telecommunications.[^399] The SBA definition of small entities for
Cable and Other Program Distribution, which includes such companies
generating \$13.5 million in annual receipts, appears applicable to
LMDS.[^400] The Commission has also defined small LMDS entities in
the context of Commission license auctions. In the 1998 and 1999
LMDS auctions,[^401] the Commission defined a small business as an
entity that had annual average gross revenues of less than \$40
million in the previous three calendar years.[^402] Moreover, the
Commission added an additional classification for a "very small
business," which was defined as an entity that had annual average
gross revenues of less than \$15 million in the previous three
calendar years.[^403] These definitions of "small business" and
"very small business" in the context of the LMDS auctions have been
approved by the SBA.[^404] In the first LMDS auction, 104 bidders
won 864 licenses. Of the 104 auction winners, 93 claimed status as
small or very small businesses. In the LMDS re-auction, 40 bidders
won 161 licenses. Based on this information, we believe that the
number of small LMDS licenses will include the 93 winning bidders in
the first auction and the 40 winning bidders in the re-auction, for
a total of 133 small entity LMDS providers as defined by the SBA and
the Commission's auction rules.
44. *Open Video Systems ("OVS").* The OVS framework provides
opportunities for the distribution of video programming other than
through cable systems. Because OVS operators provide subscription
services,[^405] OVS falls within the SBA-recognized definition of
Cable and Other Program Distribution Services, which provides that a
small entity is one with \$ 13.5 million or less in annual
receipts.[^406] The Commission has approved approximately 120 OVS
certifications with some OVS operators now providing service.[^407]
Broadband service providers (BSPs) are currently the only
significant holders of OVS certifications or local OVS franchises,
even though OVS is one of four statutorily-recognized options for
local exchange carriers (LECs) to offer video programming services.
As of June 2005, BSPs served approximately 1.4 million subscribers,
representing 1.49 percent of all MVPD households.[^408] Among BSPs,
however, those operating under the OVS framework are in the
minority.[^409] As of June 2005, RCN Corporation is the largest BSP
and 14th largest MVPD, serving approximately 371,000
subscribers.[^410] RCN received approval to operate OVS systems in
New York City, Boston, Washington, D.C. and other areas. The
Commission does not have financial information regarding the
entities authorized to provide OVS, some of which may not yet be
operational. We thus believe that at least some of the OVS operators
may qualify as small entities.
45. *Cable and Other Subscription Programming.* The Census Bureau
defines this category as follows: "This industry comprises
establishments primarily engaged in operating studios and facilities
for the broadcasting of programs on a subscription or fee basis . .
. . These establishments produce programming in their own facilities
or acquire programming from external sources. The programming
material is usually delivered to a third party, such as cable
systems or direct-to-home satellite systems, for transmission to
viewers."[^411] The SBA has developed a small business size standard
for firms within this category, which is all firms with \$13.5
million or less in annual receipts.[^412] According to Census Bureau
data for 2002, there were 270 firms in this category that operated
for the entire year.[^413] Of this total, 217 firms had annual
receipts of under \$10 million and 13 firms had annual receipts of
\$10 million to \$24,999,999.[^414] Thus, under this category and
associated small business size standard, the majority of firms can
be considered small.
46. *Motion Picture and Video Production*. The Census Bureau defines
this category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion
pictures, videos, television programs, or television
commercials."[^415] The SBA has developed a small business size
standard for firms within this category, which is all firms with
\$27 million or less in annual receipts.[^416] According to Census
Bureau data for 2002, there were 7,772 firms in this category that
operated for the entire year.[^417] Of this total, 7,685 firms had
annual receipts of under \$24,999,999 and 45 firms had annual
receipts of between \$25,000,000 and \$49,999,999.[^418] Thus, under
this category and associated small business size standard, the
majority of firms can be considered small. Each of these NAICS
categories is very broad and includes firms that may be engaged in
various industries, including cable programming. Specific figures
are not available regarding how many of these firms exclusively
produce and/or distribute programming for cable television or how
many are independently owned and operated.
47. *Motion Picture and Video Distribution*. The Census Bureau defines
this category as follows: "This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing
film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television
networks and stations, and exhibitors."[^419] The SBA has developed
a small business size standard for firms within this category, which
is all firms with \$27 million or less in annual receipts.[^420]
According to Census Bureau data for 2002, there were 377 firms in
this category that operated for the entire year.[^421] Of this
total, 365 firms had annual receipts of under \$24,999,999 and 7
firms had annual receipts of between \$25,000,000 and
\$49,999,999.[^422] Thus, under this category and associated small
business size standard, the majority of firms can be considered
small. Each of these NAICS categories is very broad and includes
firms that may be engaged in various industries, including cable
programming. Specific figures are not available regarding how many
of these firms exclusively produce and/or distribute programming for
cable television or how many are independently owned and operated.
48. *Small Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers*. We have included small
incumbent local exchange carriers in this present RFA analysis. A
"small business" under the RFA is one that, *inter alia*, meets the
pertinent small business size standard (*e.g.*, a telephone
communications business having 1,500 or fewer employees), and "is
not dominant in its field of operation."[^423] The SBA's Office of
Advocacy contends that, for RFA purposes, small incumbent local
exchange carriers are not dominant in their field of operation
because any such dominance is not "national" in scope.[^424] We have
therefore included small incumbent local exchange carriers in this
RFA, although we emphasize that this RFA action has no effect on
Commission analyses and determinations in other, non-RFA contexts.
49. *Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers ("LECs")*. Neither the Commission
nor the SBA has developed a small business size standard
specifically for incumbent local exchange services. The appropriate
size standard under SBA rules is for the category Wired
Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size standard, such a
business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer employees.[^425]
According to Commission data,[^426] 1,307 carriers have reported
that they are engaged in the provision of incumbent local exchange
services. Of these 1,307 carriers, an estimated 1,019 have 1,500 or
fewer employees and 288 have more than 1,500 employees.
Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of
incumbent local exchange service are small businesses.
50. *Competitive Local Exchange Carriers, Competitive Access Providers
(CAPs), Shared-Tenant Service Providers," and "Other Local Service
Providers."* Neither the Commission nor the SBA has developed a
small business size standard specifically for these service
providers. The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the
category Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Under that size
standard, such a business is small if it has 1,500 or fewer
employees.[^427] According to Commission data,[^428] 859 carriers
have reported that they are engaged in the provision of either
competitive access provider services or competitive local exchange
carrier services. Of these 859 carriers, an estimated 741 have 1,500
or fewer employees and 118 have more than 1,500 employees. In
addition, 16 carriers have reported that they are "Shared-Tenant
Service Providers," and all 16 are estimated to have 1,500 or fewer
employees. In addition, 44 carriers have reported that they are
"Other Local Service Providers." Of the 44, an estimated 43 have
1,500 or fewer employees and one has more than 1,500 employees.
Consequently, the Commission estimates that most providers of
competitive local exchange service, competitive access providers,
"Shared-Tenant Service Providers," and "Other Local Service
Providers" are small entities.
51. *Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution*. The
Census Bureau defines this category as follows: "This industry group
comprises establishments primarily engaged in generating,
transmitting, and/or distributing electric power. Establishments in
this industry group may perform one or more of the following
activities: (1) operate generation facilities that produce electric
energy; (2) operate transmission systems that convey the electricity
from the generation facility to the distribution system; and (3)
operate distribution systems that convey electric power received
from the generation facility or the transmission system to the final
consumer."[^429] The SBA has developed a small business size
standard for firms in this category: "A firm is small if, including
its affiliates, it is primarily engaged in the generation,
transmission, and/or distribution of electric energy for sale and
its total electric output for the preceding fiscal year did not
exceed 4 million megawatt hours."[^430] According to Census Bureau
data for 2002, there were 1,644 firms in this category that operated
for the entire year.[^431] Census data do not track electric output
and we have not determined how many of these firms fit the SBA size
standard for small, with no more than 4 million megawatt hours of
electric output. Consequently, we estimate that 1,644 or fewer firms
may be considered small under the SBA small business size standard.
**D. Description of Proposed Reporting, Recordkeeping and other
Compliance Requirements**
52. The rules ultimately adopted as a result of this *FNPRM* may contain
new or modified information collections. We anticipate that none of
the changes would result in an increase to the reporting and
recordkeeping requirements of small entities. We invite small
entities to comment in response to the *FNPRM*.
**E. Steps Taken to Minimize Significant Impact on Small Entities
and Significant Alternatives Considered**
53. The RFA requires an agency to describe any significant alternatives
that it has considered in proposing regulatory approaches, which may
include the following four alternatives (among others): (1) the
establishment of differing compliance or reporting requirements or
timetables that take into account the resources available to small
entities; (2) the clarification, consolidation, or simplification of
compliance or reporting requirements under the rule for small
entities; (3) the use of performance, rather than design, standards;
and (4) an exemption from coverage of the rule, or any part thereof,
for small entities.[^432]
54. In response to the *FNPRM*, the Commission may choose to continue to
apply its current leased access rates to programmers that
predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length
commercials; it may choose to apply the modified rate formula and
the maximum allowable leased access rate of \$0.10 per subscriber
per month to these programmers; or it may adopt an alternative
approach. We invite comment on the options the Commission is
considering, or alternatives thereto as referenced above, and on any
other alternatives commenters may wish to propose for the purpose of
minimizing any significant economic impact on smaller entities.
**F. Federal Rules Which Duplicate, Overlap, or Conflict with the
Commission's Proposals**
55. None.
**STATEMENT OF**
**CHAIRMAN KEVIN J. MARTIN**
*Re: Leased Commercial Access; Development of Competition and Diversity
in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage* (*MB Docket No. 07-42)*
The item we adopt today significantly reforms the Commission's leased
access rules. I believe it is important for the Commission to foster the
development of independent channels, including those owned by minorities
and women. By adopting an expedited complaint process and a more
rationale method for determining leased access rates, we take steps to
make it easier for independent programmers to reach local audiences.
Section 612 of the Communications Act requires the Commission to promote
"competition in the delivery of diverse sources of video programming."
Unfortunately, however, our existing leased access rules were simply not
achieving their intended purpose. For example, the Commission's most
recent cable price survey found that cable systems on average carry only
.7 leased access channels. The record suggests that the leased access
regime has been extremely underutilized because of artificially high
rates. Our order, therefore, is designed to increase the use of leased
access channels and thereby enhance the diversity of programming.
I believe that the actions we take today will go a long way to
accomplishing the twin goals of competition and diversity articulated in
section 612 of the Act. I look forward to continuing to work with my
colleagues to adopt other policies that are designed to ensure that
independent voices are heard.
**STATEMENT OF**
**COMMISSIONER MICHAEL J. COPPS**
**APPROVING IN PART, CONCURRING IN PART**
Re: *In the Matter of Leased Commercial Access, Development of
Competition and Diversity in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage
(MB Docket No. 07-42)*
* *
The express statutory purpose of leased access is to give independent
programmers an opportunity to obtain cable carriage at reasonable rates
in order to promote competition and "the widest possible diversity of
information sources." Thus, Congress intended leased access to
contribute to the diversity of voices that is so central to the proper
functioning of our media and, ultimately, to our democracy itself.
Unfortunately, those purposes have rarely been realized. In our most
recent annual cable price survey, the Commission found that cable
systems on average carry only 0.7 leased access channels. This Order
tries to remove several obstacles that may be hindering the use of
leased access capacity, including clarifying the information that cable
operators must be prepared to provide in response to inquiries, and the
time in which it must be provided.
Another obstacle cited by independent programmers is excessive rates.
The Order adopts a new methodology that will lower the rates and make
them more affordable. One important caveat is that we do not yet extend
the lower rate to programmers that carry primarily sales presentations
and program length commercials. These programmers often \"pay\" for
carriage \-- either directly or through some form of revenue sharing
with the cable operator. Lowering the rates for these programmers could
cause them to simply migrate to leased access from elsewhere on the
cable system because it is less expensive than their current commercial
arrangements. Migrating from one part of the cable platform to another
would not increase programming diversity. I thank my colleagues for
their willingness to examine this issue in a Further Notice.
Finally, while I am generally in favor of ensuring that
complainants at the Commission have the information they need to prove
their case, as in the recent program access proceeding, I believe that
the discovery procedures adopted in this item go too far, and,
paradoxically, not far enough. They go too far in establishing a bare
"relevance and control" standard for discovery requests with no apparent
limits on requests that are duplicative or unduly burdensome. I fear
that these rules will embroil the Commission in an endless stream of
discovery disputes. On the other hand, I believe the decision does not
go far enough because if we are going to liberalize our discovery rules,
it ought to apply to other contexts -- such as cases dealing with
petitions to deny broadcast station license renewals and transfers. I
hope that parties in other disputes file waivers with the Commission
asking for liberalized discovery. If sunshine is the best disinfectant,
we ought to let the sun shine into every nook and cranny of the
Commission.
I thank the Bureau for their work on this complex subject, and hope that
the rules we adopt will help at long last to turn leased access into a
viable and diverse outlet for independent programming.
**STATEMENT OF**
**COMMISSIONER JONATHAN S. ADELSTEIN**
*Re: Leased Commercial Access, and Development of Competition and
Diversity in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage (MB Docket No.
07-42)*
I am pleased to support this item which deals with the Commission's
commercial leased access rules.
When I requested that we launch this proceeding to reform the current
leased access regime, I did so for two reasons. First, I had heard that
many small and independent creators of local and diverse programming
could not gain access to and carriage on their local cable systems. And
second, while Congress explicitly required the Commission to ensure that
leased access opportunities remain available and viable, our rules and
practices over the years have made leased access unnecessarily
burdensome and, in some instances, prohibitively expensive for many
independent programmers.
I am, therefore, pleased that the instant *Order* addresses these
problems. As the initiator of this proceeding, I would like to thank my
colleagues for supporting this thoughtful item. I particularly would
like to thank Chairman Martin for heeding my request and following
through on our agreement in the *Adelphia* transaction to bring this
proceeding to a final order. Given that the Commission's experience with
managing leasing arrangements in media is limited to commercial cable
leased access, the rules we consider and implement here today should set
the baseline standard for any other media leasing arrangement
contemplated by the Commission.
Today's *Order* makes remarkable improvements to our commercial cable
leased access rules. We first adopt uniform customer service standards
to remedy the lack of a consistent and fair treatment of actual and
interested leased access programmers. We then reduce the potential
expense and burden on a programmer associated with filing a complaint
with the Commission about an alleged violation. To ensure that we better
monitor leased access practices and the effects of our rules, we adopt
an annual reporting requirement for cable operators and we invite leased
access programmers to comment on the information provided by cable
operators.
As the underlying record shows, the inconsistent and unpredictable
treatment of leased access programmers has impeded their ability to
lease cable channels. Considering that many part-time leased programmers
are small, community-based operations, the difficulty to obtain basic
information about leased access opportunities can create an unnecessary
barrier of entry. I believe that the Commission must take appropriate
steps to facilitate the entry of new and diverse programmers in a manner
that has been specifically authorized by Congress.
Leased access programmers should be able to request and then obtain
information about rates, terms and conditions in a timely manner. Today,
we reaffirm that cable operators have an obligation to reasonably
accommodate these requests. Accordingly, we conclude that within three
business days of an initial inquiry, a cable operator must provide the
prospective leased access programmer with information about, for
example, the leased access process and procedures for that specific
cable system, the availability of time and leased access channels, the
attendant schedule and calculation of rates, and the acceptable methods
of delivering leased access programming to the cable operator.
Providing this information to prospective leased programmers does not
impose an undue burden on cable operators. In fact, I believe that the
service standards we adopt today should simplify the entire leasing
process, as all leased access inquires will be treated in a predictable
and timely manner. The new and clear standards will set the expectations
of prospective and current leased access programmers, and cable
operators. Moreover, the information that programmers receive after
their initial inquiry should empower them with sufficient information to
determine whether commercial leasing is an opportunity worth pursuing.
In addition to new consumer service standards, I believe this *Order*
improves the complaint process in certain important respects. As I said
in the underlying Notice of Proposed Rule Making, "there will always be
good faith disputes between cable operators and programmers, \[but\] the
Commission does not have mechanisms in place to ensure prompt resolution
of complaints. It should not take the Media Bureau nearly two years to
respond to a programmer's leased access complaint.[^433]" Hence,
pursuant to this *Order*, we will codify a rule that requires the Media
Bureau to resolve all leased access complaints within 90 days of the
close of the pleading cycle, which requires the respondent to reply to a
complaint within 30 days. Also, we reduce the expense of filing a
complaint by eliminating the requirement for a complainant to obtain a
determination of the cable operator's maximum permitted rate from an
independent accountant before filing a complaint alleging a rate
violation. Finally, the expanded discovery rules we adopt in this
*Order* will enable leased access programmers to support complaints of
alleged rule violations or unfair treatment.
While I am pleased with the outcome of this Order, I would have
preferred that we first solicited meaningful public comment and review
on the new rate methodology adopted here. To be frank, the methodology
was invented by staff out of whole cloth without sufficient public
input, independent review or any transparency. I received much of the
details only late last week, right before the Thanksgiving holiday and
right after Sunshine closed. As with any new pricing formula, its
reliability and accuracy are directly correlated to the extent to which
it has undergone rigorous examination and independent review. To my
knowledge, neither has occurred in this case. Indeed, good government
cautions us to seek comment before adopting a new, industry price
regulation. All stakeholders have a right to see and comment on the
specific formula on which we intend to rely. To be sure, I actually like
the outcome -- a maximum leased access rate of 10 cents per subscriber
per month for any cable system. But as an expert governmental agency, it
is incumbent upon us to provide regulatees with a process that is fair
and open, and inspires confidence in the American people and the courts.
I am, however, satisfied that we do not apply this new rate methodology
on programmers that predominately transmit sales presentations or
program length commercials, but rather seek comment on these issues. It
is also appropriate that we provide a 90 day delay in the effective date
of the new formula so that all parties can have opportunity to inform us
of any concerns or file petitions for reconsideration. This remedies the
deficient notice sufficiently for me to support the item.
I am thankful to my fellow Commissioners and Chairman Martin for
ensuring that this item was finalized within a reasonable period of
time. I also want to thank the commenters for offering real solutions to
this process and providing insight needed to ascertain the breadth of
this item and the intricacies of how the process should work. I am
hopeful that this *Order* today will help us reach both Congress' and
our goal in having more diverse cable programming.
**STATEMENT OF**
**COMMISSIONER DEBORAH TAYLOR TATE**
*Re: Leased Commercial Access; Development of Competition and Diversity
in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage*
Allowing programmers to lease time on cable channels is yet another way
the FCC encourages program diversity and the dissemination of a variety
of viewpoints. It also allows local programmers to have access to
cable's audience for the promotion of products and services, as well as
airing of local community events. We appreciate the cooperation of cable
operators in making these channels available.
In light of the concerns that have been raised with regard to the prices
charged by cable for the use of these channels, I believe we should seek
comment on whether our maximum allowable rate should be changed from the
average implicit fee to the marginal implicit fee. Just as we did in
1996, when we initially lowered the maximum allowable rate for carriage,
we should ask that interested parties analyze the advantages and
disadvantages of this new rate formula. We should also seek input on
whether lowering the maximum allowable rate will increase the number of
leased access programmers on cable's systems.
Because we fail to seek comment on these important changes, I
respectfully dissent.
**DISSENTING STATEMENT OF**
**COMMISSIONER ROBERT M. MCDOWELL**
*Re: Leased Commercial Access: Development of Competition and Diversity
in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage (MB Docket No. 07-42)*
Rather few programmers have sought carriage on cable systems through
leased access, which was designed by Congress in 1984 to bring about
diversity of information sources. By all accounts, there are two primary
reasons that leased access has not been more successful. First, leased
access may not be economically viable for the vast majority of
programmers. Outside of leased access, cable operators generally pay
programmers per-subscriber fees for the programming they choose to
carry. Those programmers rely on these fees, as well as advertising
revenues, to generate enough revenue to develop programming for a
full-time channel. Leased access programmers, however, must pay cable
operators for access to channels. Therefore, the economics of leasing
result in limited use by traditional, full-time programmers. The record
indicates that generally, part-time programmers producing home shopping
content, infomercials, adult content and, ironically, certain types of
religious programs are attracted to this business model because they
have other means of generating revenue from their viewers. Leased access
channels are also used full-time by low-power broadcast stations, which
transmit their programming over-the-air but do not have must-carry
rights for cable carriage.
Secondly, outside of the leased access regime, the marketplace has
generated an incredible amount of programming diversity as more
programmers have created compelling content from all different genres of
entertainment, news, sports and culture and gained cable carriage
through negotiated deals. Competition has transformed the amount and
content of program offerings available to cable subscribers to a degree
not envisioned in 1984.
Against this backdrop, the majority today attempts to transform leased
access into something that economic reality has shown it cannot be: a
viable business model for independent and niche programmers to obtain
distribution for their channels. The majority lowers leased access rates
dramatically, in contravention of both the law and prior Commission
findings. Congress mandated that any leased access rate we establish
must be "at least sufficient to assure that such use will not adversely
affect the operation, financial condition, or market development of the
cable system." Congress also required that cable systems set aside
public, educational and governmental access channels for free to the
users. Congress, however, did not intend that cable operators subsidize
commercial leased access users.
Moreover, the Commission developed the current "average implicit fee"
methodology in 1997 after extensive review of the economic studies and
policy discussions submitted at that time. The record in this
proceeding, and our consideration of it, do not come close to reaching
that level of careful analysis. The least we could have done was to seek
comment on any changes to the current rate formula. This Order even
fails to do that. The result of this radical change in rates, as many
independent programmers have stated in the record, will be the opposite
of what is intended. The result will be a loss in the diversity of
programming as cable operators are forced to drop lesser-rated channels
in favor of a flood of leased access requests seeking distribution
distorted below cost and market rates.
Perhaps to ameliorate this result, the majority concludes that the new
rate methodology will not apply to programmers that predominantly
transmit sales presentations, or program-length commercials, and seeks
additional public comment on related issues. This too is extremely
problematic. I cannot fathom how distinguishing programmers based on the
content they deliver can be constitutional. Perhaps the courts will
guide us.
The majority goes on to: adopt "customer service standards," expedite
our process for adjudicating complaints, expand discovery, and require
reporting of statistics -- all additional regulations aimed at propping
up a regulatory regime that is past its prime. I sympathize with
programmers, particularly Class A television stations, who struggle for
distribution. I also am concerned about programmers "getting the
run-around" or being otherwise dissuaded from leasing cable channels. I
strongly encourage cable operators to make their leased access rates and
terms available to programmers who request information as expeditiously
and transparently as possible. The rules set forth in this Order,
however, go far beyond what is needed.
Accordingly, I respectfully dissent to this Report and Order.
[^1]: 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.970 through 76.977.
[^2]: 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.1300 through 76.1302.
[^3]: *Leased Commercial Access; Development of Competition and
Diversity in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage,* Notice of
Proposed Rule Making, MB Docket No. 07-42, 22 FCC Rcd 11222 (rel.
Jun. 15, 2007) ("*NPRM*"). A summary of the *NPRM* was published in
the Federal Register on July 18, 2007. *See* 72 FR 39370 (Jul. 18,
2007). Comment and reply comment deadlines were extended to
September 11, 2007 and October 12, 2007, respectively. *See Order
Granting Extension of Time for Filing Comments and Reply Comments*,
DA 07-3736 (rel. Aug. 24, 2007).
[^4]: The Commission will address program carriage issues in a separate
order. In the *NPRM*, the Commission consolidated issues concerning
the Commission's programming diversity rules that were raised in the
context of the *Adelphia Order,* the 2005 Video Competition
proceeding, informal complaints from the Leased Access Programmers'
Association and The America Channel, and through the Commission's
formal complaint process. *See Applications for Consent to the
Assignment and/or Transfer of Control of Licenses, Adelphia
Communications Corporation, Assignors to Time Warner Cable, Inc., et
al*., Memorandum Opinion and Order, MB Docket No. 05-192, 21 FCC Rcd
8203 (2006) ("*Adelphia Order*") and *Annual Assessment of the
Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video
Programming, Twelfth Annual Report*, MB Docket No. 05-255, 21 FCC
Rcd 2503, 2507 ¶ 12, 2512-2515 ¶¶ 31-36 (2006) ("*Twelfth Annual
Report*"). Approximately 70 leased access petitions have been filed
since our 1997 rule changes. The majority of leased access
complaints allege that the cable company has refused to provide rate
information or is charging excessive rates and has refused to carry
programming. Other issues concern insurance requirements and
technical support. Most recently, the Commission discussed
establishing an expedited process for program carriage complaints in
lieu of the program carriage arbitration condition contained in the
*Adelphia Order. See Comcast Corporation, Petition for Declaratory
Ruling that The America Channel is not a Regional Sports Network*,
File No. CSR-7108, FCC 07-172 (rel. Sept. 25, 2007) ("*TAC Order*");
*see also Adelphia Order*, 21 FCC Rcd 8203, 8287 at ¶ 190.
[^5]: The Commission adopted leased access rules in its *Report and
Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making*, 8 FCC Rcd 5631
(1993) ("*Rate Order*"); *Order on Reconsideration of the First
Report and Order and Further Notice of Rulemaking*, 11 FCC Rcd 16933
(1996) ("*Reconsideration Order*"); and *Second Report and Order and
Second Order on Reconsideration of the First Report and Order*, 12
FCC Rcd 5267 (1997) ("*Second Report and Order*").
[^6]: Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, Pub. L. No. 98-549, 98
Stat. 2779 (1984), 47 U.S.C. § 521 *et seq*.
[^7]: Communications Act §§ 612(a), 612(b)(1) (codified at 47 U.S.C. §§
532(a), 532(b)(1)).
[^8]: Communications Act § 612(c)(4)(A )(i), (ii), (iii) (codified at 47
U.S.C. §§ 532(c)(4)(A)(i), (ii), (iii)).
[^9]: 47 U.S.C. § 532(c)(1).
[^10]: *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd 5267, 5283 (1997).
[^11]: *See* 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.970 - 76.977. Section 612 is codified at 47
U.S.C § 532. The Commission's rate rules were upheld by the D.C.
Circuit Court of Appeals. *See ValueVision, Inc. v. FCC*, 149 F.3d
1204 (D.C. Cir. 1998).
[^12]: 47 U.S.C. § 532(b)(4).
[^13]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.977.
[^14]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(d); 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(c).
[^15]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(c).
[^16]: *NPRM*, 22 FCC Rcd 11222, ¶¶ 7-11.
[^17]: In calculating a system's capacity for purposes of 47 U.S.C. §
532 (b), "activated channels" includes all commercial and
noncommercial broadcast, public, educational, governmental, and
leased access channels carried. *See* *Implementation of Sections 11
and 13 of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition
Act of 1992, Horizontal and Vertical Ownership Limits,
Cross-Ownership Limitations, and Anti-trafficking Provisions*, 8 FCC
Rcd 8565, 8588-89 ¶ 54 (1993). The Commission has also defined the
term "activated channel" in the digital must carry context. *See
Carriage of Digital Television Broadcast Signals, Amendments to Part
76 of the Commission Rules, Implementation of the Satellite Home
Viewer Improvement Act of 1999, Local Broadcast Signal Carriage
Issues, Application of Network Non-Duplication, Syndicated
Exclusivity and Sports Blackout Rules to Satellite Retransmission of
Broadcast Signals*, 16 FCC Rcd 2598, 2614-16 ¶¶ 39-41 (2001);
*Second Report and Order and First Order on Reconsideration*, 20 FCC
Rcd 4516 (2005). Channel capacity can be calculated by taking the
total usable activated channel capacity of the system in megahertz
and dividing it by three. One third of this capacity is the limit on
the amount of system spectrum that a cable operator must make
available for commercial broadcast signal carriage purposes.
[^18]: *NPRM*, 22 FCC Rcd 11222, ¶¶ 7-11.
[^19]: Community Broadcasters Association, *et al*. *ex parte* letter
dated November 16, 2007; CaribeVH Comments at 2, *et seq*.; Engle
Comments at 3; iNFO Comments at 1, *et seq*.; LAPA Comments at 3,
*et seq*.; MAP Comments at 2; PMI Comments at 2; PBC Comments at 1;
RMI Comments at 3; Shop NBC Comments at 6.
[^20]: *See* PBC Comments at 1.
[^21]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 2.
[^22]: *See* MAP Comments at 11-12.
[^23]: *See* Engle Comments at 4.
[^24]: *See* NCTA Comments at 8-9.
[^25]: *See* TWC Comments at 10; *see, e.g.,* *United Multimedia
Productions, Inc. and Hamptons Video Guide, Inc. v. CSC
Acquisition-New York, Inc*., Memorandum Order and Opinion, 16 FCC
Rcd 5234, ¶ 9 (CSB 2001); *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd
5267, ¶¶ 112-115.
[^26]: *See* Comcast Reply Comments at 9.
[^27]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(a)(1)).
[^28]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(a)(2)).
[^29]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(1)).
[^30]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(2)).
[^31]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(3)).
[^32]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(4)).
[^33]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(5)).
[^34]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(6)).
[^35]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(7)).
[^36]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(8)).
[^37]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(9)).
[^38]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(10)).
[^39]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)(11)).
[^40]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(f)).
[^41]: RMI Comments at 3.
[^42]: CBA Comments at 3.
[^43]: NCTA Comments at 8.
[^44]: We retain the 30-day response period currently provided in
Section 76.970(i)(2) of the Commission's Rules for cable systems
that have been granted small system special relief. *See* Appendix B
(adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(g)). In the *Second Report and Order*,
we adopted this longer response period to minimize burdens on small
systems while still ensuring that potential leased access
programmers receive the required information in a timely fashion.
*See Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd 5267, 5331 at ¶ 130. For
these purposes, systems subject to small system relief are systems
that either: (i) Qualify as small systems under § 76.901(c) and are
owned by a small cable company as defined under § 76.901(e); or (ii)
Have been granted special relief. These rules remain unchanged here.
[^45]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 2.
[^46]: *See* Engle Comments at 4.
[^47]: *See* PMI Comments at 2.
[^48]: *Id*.
[^49]: *Id* at 3.
[^50]: CaribeVH Comments at 12.
[^51]: NCTA Reply Comments at 15 (citing *Roberts v. Houston Division of
Time Warner Entertainment Co*., 11 FCC Rcd. 5999, 6005-6007 (CSB
1996)).
[^52]: CaribeVH Comments at 12.
[^53]: *Id*. at 12-13.
[^54]: *See* *id*. at 13.
[^55]: *See* MAP Comments at 13, 15.
[^56]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 3.
[^57]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.970(i)(1)(i).
[^58]: CaribeVH Comments at 3.
[^59]: MAP Comments at 15.
[^60]: Shop NBC Comments at 16.
[^61]: *See* iNFO Comments at 1, 2.
[^62]: *See id*. at 2.
[^63]: *See id*.
[^64]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(a)(1).
[^65]: *See* PBC Comments at 1; CaribeVH Comments at 2; Engle Comments
at 4; PMI Comments at 2.
[^66]: NCTA Comments at 12.
[^67]: 47 U.S.C. § 532.
[^68]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 2-3; Engle Comments at 4; PMI Reply
Comments at 2; iNFO Comments at 1.
[^69]: MAP Comments at 13, 15.
[^70]: NCTA Reply Comments at 9.
[^71]: *See id*.
[^72]: *See infra* ¶¶ 35-49 (discussing the revised leased access rate
calculation).
[^73]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(c) (emphasis added).
[^74]: *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5324, ¶ 114.
[^75]: *See* RMI Comments at 4.
[^76]: *See id*.
[^77]: MAP Comments at 12; *see* iNFO Comments at 2.
[^78]: CaribeVH Comments at 10.
[^79]: NCTA Comments at 14.
[^80]: Comcast Comments at 16.
[^81]: We acknowledge that there are various programming guides and
services. For example, on many analog tiers of service cable
operators provide a dedicated programming guide channel in which
current and upcoming programming choices are provided through a
continuous on-screen scroll. In addition, on most digital tiers of
service, subscribers have available an electronic programming guide
which provides extensive program information, search capability and
channel navigation functions. The rules we adopt today apply to all
programming guides however provided to the subscriber, including
printed formats.
[^82]: *See generally* MAP Comments at 11.
[^83]: MAP Reply Comments at ii; *see* RMI Comments at 4. For example,
RMI contends that one cable operator requires each program to have
its own playback deck, and although programmers are not required to
lease the deck, they are required to pay a technical fee of \$51.49
each time a tape is inserted into the machine in addition to the
maximum applicable air time rates for that time slot. RMI was told
that this fee is "used to reimburse for staff, equipment usage, and
studio costs." According to RMI's estimated calculations, at that
rate, it only takes five tape insertions before the equipment
investment is completely paid in full. RMI Comments at 4. According
to iNFO, one operator required nearly one year of lease payments to
secure the lease, and that it was required to buy approximately
\$25,000 worth of equipment for signal modulation before its channel
could be cable-cast. iNFO Comments at 2.
[^84]: CBA Comments at 3-4.
[^85]: *See* NCTA Comments at 15-16 (citing *Engle Broadcasting v.
Comcast of Southern N.J*., 16 FCC Rcd. 17650, 17653 (2001)).
[^86]: Comcast Comments at 18.
[^87]: MAP Comments at 13.
[^88]: PMI Comments at 4.
[^89]: CaribeVH Comments at 6.
[^90]: NCTA Comments at 11.
[^91]: Comcast Comments at 19.
[^92]: CaribeVH Comments at 4; Engle Comments at 4; iNFO Comments at 2;
LAPA Comments at 3; MAP Comments at 16; PMI Comments at 3; PBC
Comments at 1; RMI Comments at 3, *et seq*.; Shop NBC Comments at 2.
[^93]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 9-10.
[^94]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 14; Combonate Comments at 1-4; LAPA
Comments at 5; MAP Comments at 15; Combonate Reply Comments at 4.
[^95]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 8-9; CBA Comments at 4 n.8; Engle
Comments at 4; HTV Comments at 3; LAPA Comments at 3; PBC Comments
at 1; RMI Comments at 11-12; PBC Reply Comments at 2.
[^96]: *See* LAPA Comments at 9; PBC Comments at 1.
[^97]: *See* CBA Comments at 3-5; RMI Comments at 4-14; RMI Reply
Comments at 2.
[^98]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 7-8; LAPA Comments at 5; ShopNBC
Comments at 16-17.
[^99]: *See* MAP Comments at 11.
[^100]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 10; iNFO Comments at 2; MAP Comments
at 11-12.
[^101]: *See* MAP Comments at 2; RMI Comments at 4-6; RMI Reply Comments
at 2.
[^102]: *See* CBA Comments at 3; RMI Comments at 6-10; RMI Reply
Comments at 2.
[^103]: *Rate Order*, 8 FCC Rcd at 5936; *Second Report and Order*, 12
FCC Rcd at 5309.
[^104]: *See Campbell v. TW Cable -- St. Augustine*, CSR 5234-L (CSB
1998).
[^105]: *See Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5323
[^106]: *Id*.
[^107]: *See id*.
[^108]: *See United Productions v. Mediacom Communications Corporation*,
CSR 6336-L, Order, 22 FCC Rcd 1224 (MB 2007).
[^109]: *See* RMI Comments at 4.
[^110]: *See* 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.1603(b), (c); *see also* NCTA Reply
Comments at 12 (noting that cable operators must have sufficient
time to provide franchising authorities and customers of changes in
channel line-ups).
[^111]: CaribeVH argues for time limits for launch dates, such as no
later than thirty-five (35) days after the execution of a contract
in the event there is a thirty (30) day customer notice requirement,
and in other cases ten (10) days and no later than sixty (60) days
from a bona fide request for information by the leased access
programmer. *See* CaribeVH Comments at 12. *But see* NCTA Reply
Comments at 12 n.37 (noting that not all potential leased access
programmers that request information eventually agree to the terms
for carriage, thereby making a launch date within 60 days of a
request for information disruptive for cable operators).
[^112]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 2; Engle Comments at 4; iNFO Comments
at 1; PMI Comments at 2; PBC Comments at 1.
[^113]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(c)).
[^114]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(e)).
[^115]: Although the Commission's forfeiture guidelines establish a
baseline forfeiture of \$7,500.00 per day for violation of the
leased access rules, we find at this time that a \$500.00 per day
penalty should be adequate to encourage prompt compliance with the
customer services obligations. *See* 47 C.F.R. § 1.80.
[^116]: *See* 47 C.F.R. § 76.975.
[^117]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 503.
[^118]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(a)(1).
[^119]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.971(e).
[^120]: Communications Act § 612(a), 47 U.S.C. § 532(a).
[^121]: Communications Act § 612(c)(1), 47 U.S.C. § 532(c)(1).
[^122]: While we do not believe that our method for determining leased
access rates will result in cable operators experiencing any loss in
net revenue, the relevant statutory provision does not require such
a finding. As explained above, Section 612(c)(1) provides that the
"prices, terms and conditions" of use must be "at least sufficient
to assure that such use will not adversely affect the operation,
financial condition, or market development of the cable system." We
interpret this provision to restrict "prices, terms, and conditions"
of leased access use that materially affect the financial health of
a cable system. We do not interpret the provision to require that
cable operators experience no loss in revenue whatsoever as a result
of leased access use. Thus, even if we were to conclude that our
method for determining leased access rates would have some impact on
cable operators' revenue, we would still adopt this method because
we are confident that any impact on operators' revenue would not be
of sufficient magnitude to materially affect the financial health of
cable systems.
[^123]: *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5272, ¶ 8.
[^124]: Report on Cable Industry Prices, *Implementation of Section 3 of
the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of
1992: Statistical Report on Average Rates for Basic Service, Cable
Programming Service, and Equipment*, 21 FCC Rcd 15087 at. ¶ 9 (2006)
("2006 Cable Industry Prices Report")
[^125]: Shop NBC at 4. *See also* Ex parte presentation of Community
Broadcasters Association at 2 (Jul. 20, 2007) (claiming the average
implicit fee places leased access beyond the reach of most parties).
[^126]: WBGN at 2.
[^127]: *See* S. Rep. No. 102-92 at 79 (1991) ("it is vital that the FCC
use its authority to ensure that these channels are a genuine outlet
for programmers")
[^128]: *First Report and Order*, 8 FCC Rcd at 5936, ¶ 491. *See also*
*Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5282, ¶ 31 ("We will,
however, continue to monitor the availability of leased access
channels and may revisit this issue if it appears that the average
implicit fee formula no longer reflects a reasonable rate").
[^129]: *NPRM,* 22 FCC Rcd 11222, ¶ 8.
[^130]: *See e.g*., MAP Comments at 13 (proposing actual cost method).
[^131]: Shop NBC Comments at 9, MAP Comments at 13, Engle Broadcasting
at 2.
[^132]: *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5294, ¶ 53.
[^133]: Shop NBC Comments at 5.
[^134]: H.R. 98-934 at 47. *See also* Second Report and Order, 12 FCC
Rcd at 5273, ¶ 10.
[^135]: The "average implicit fee" is calculated based on the average
value of all of the channels in a tier instead of the value of the
channels most likely to be replaced.
[^136]: For the purposes of defining the price of a tier and the
channels on the tier we adopt the incremental approach in cases
where the cost and channels of one tier are implicitly incorporated
into larger tiers. For example, when the expanded basic tier
incorporates the basic tier, the expanded basic tier price is the
retail price of the expanded basic tier less the retail price of the
basic tier and the channels on the expanded basic tier are those
that are not available on the basic tier. A similar adjustment is
required of other tiers which are not sold on an incremental basis.
[^137]: It is our understanding that some programming contracts specify
a single rate for a group, or bundle, of channels. In these cases,
for the purposes of determining the per subscriber affiliation fee
for one of the bundled channels, the fee in the contract shall be
allocated in its entirety to the highest rated network in the
bundle.
[^138]: The methods are detailed in Appendix D.
[^139]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.975(d), (g)).
[^140]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(b).
[^141]: *See* MAP Comments at 4; *see also* CBA Comments at 4; PBC
Comments at 2; LAPA Reply Comments at 4; PBC Reply Comments at 1.
[^142]: *See* CBA Comments at 4; MAP Comments at 3; Engle Reply Comments
at 2.
[^143]: *See* MAP Comments at 3; PBC Reply Comments at 1.
[^144]: *See* MAP Comments at 17-18.
[^145]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 11; PBC Comments at 3.
[^146]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 11; PBC Comments at 3.
[^147]: *See* TWC Comments at 22-23; Comcast Reply Comments at 20; NCTA
Reply Comments at 9; Verizon Reply Comments at 9-10.
[^148]: *See* Comcast Comments at 15, 35; Comcast Reply Comments at 20.
[^149]: *See* TWC Comments at 22-23.
[^150]: *See* TWC Comments at 25.
[^151]: *See* TWC Comments at 25.
[^152]: *See* Comcast Reply Comments at 21; NCTA Reply Comments at 10.
[^153]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(d)).
[^154]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(g)).
[^155]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(d)).
[^156]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(h)). As part of
the remedy phase of the leased access complaint process, the Media
Bureau will have discretion to request that the parties file their
best and final offer proposals for the prices, terms, or conditions
in dispute. The Commission will have the discretion to adopt one of
the proposals or choose to fashion its own remedy. *See* Appendix B
(adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(h)(4)).
[^157]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(b).
[^158]: *See* *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5319, ¶ 103.
[^159]: *See* CaribeVH Comments at 11.
[^160]: *See* PBC Comments at 3; *see also* CaribeVision Comments at 11
("Unfortunately, most leased access programmers lack the money and
time to engage in this process and are therefore left at the mercy
of the cable operator.").
[^161]: *See* *Second Report and Order*, 12 FCC Rcd at 5319, ¶ 103.
[^162]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(g)).
[^163]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(e)).
[^164]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(f)).
[^165]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(e)).
[^166]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(e)).
[^167]: *See id.*
[^168]: *See id*.
[^169]: *See id*.
[^170]: *See* *Implementation of the Cable Television Consumer
Protection and Competition Act of 1992;*
*Development of Competition and Diversity in Video Programming
Distribution: Section 628(c)(5) of the Communications Act: Sunset of
Exclusive Contract Prohibition, Report and Order*, 22 FCC Rcd 17791,
17851-56, ¶¶ 95-100 (2007) ("*Program Access Order*"); *see also* 47
U.S.C. § 532(c)(4)(A)(iii).
[^171]: *See* TWC Comments at 22-23; Comcast Reply Comments at 20; NCTA
Reply Comments at 9; Verizon Reply Comments at 9-10.
[^172]: *See* MAP Comments at 17.
[^173]: *See* 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.7(e), (f).
[^174]: Indeed, in such circumstances, failure to produce the subject
documents would also be a violation of a Commission Order.
[^175]: *See* 47 C.F.R. §§ 76.7(e), (f).
[^176]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(e)).
[^177]: *See* 47 C.F.R. § 76.9.
[^178]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(e)).
[^179]: *Id.*
[^180]: *Id*.
[^181]: *Id*.
[^182]: *See, e.g.,* 47 C.F.R. § 0.457(d)(iv) (treating as presumptively
privileged and confidential "programming contracts between
programmers and multichannel video programming distributors"). In
this regard, we note that in a recent program access dispute, the
Media Bureau expeditiously granted a complainant's request for
discovery and issued a protective order to safeguard the highly
confidential discovery subject matter. *See* *EchoStar Satellite
L.L.C. v. Home Box Office, Inc*., CSR 7070-P (filed Nov. 15, 2006).
[^183]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(f)); *see also*
Appendix C; *Program Access Order,* 22 FCC Rcd at 17894-99, Appendix
E.
[^184]: Confidential information is information submitted to the
Commission which the submitting party has determined in good faith:
(i) constitutes trade secrets and commercial or financial
information which is privileged or confidential within the meaning
of Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §
552(b)(4); and (ii) falls within the terms of Commission Orders
designating the items for treatment as confidential information.
*See Program Access Order*, 22 FCC Rcd at 17856, ¶ 100 n.463. The
Commission may determine that all or part of the information claimed
as confidential information is not entitled to such treatment. *See*
47 C.F.R. § 76.9 (general procedures for protecting confidentiality
of information).
[^185]: Before an authorized representative may obtain access to
confidential information, he or she must execute a declaration which
states that under penalty of perjury he or she has agreed to be
bound by the Protective Order. The declaration states that the
reviewing party shall not disclose the confidential information to
anyone except in accordance with the terms of the Protective Order
and that the confidential information shall be used only for
purposes of the leased access proceeding. *See* Appendix C.
[^186]: Our definition of "competitive decision-making" as such is
consistent with federal court cases. *See, e.g*., *U.S. Steel Corp.
v. United States*, 730 F.2d 1465, 1468 n.3 (Fed. Cir. 1984) (noting
that the "competitive decision-making" is a shorthand for a
counsel's activities, association, and relationship with a client
that are such as to involve counsel's advice and participation in
any or all of the client's decisions \... made in light of similar
or corresponding information about a competitor); *see also Brown
Bag Software v. Symantec Corp*. 960 F.2d 1465, 1470 (9th Cir. 1992),
*cert. denied* 506 U.S. 869 (1992) (defining "competitive
decision-making" as advising on decisions about pricing or design
made in light of similar or corresponding information about a
competitor). This terminology was more recently discussed in
*Intervet, Inc. v. Merial Ltd*., 241 F.R.D. 55 (D.D.C. 2007) as
follows: "Thus, U.S. Steel would preclude access to information to
anyone who was positioned to advise the client as to business
decisions that the client would make regarding, for example,
pricing, marketing, or design issues when that party granted access
has seen how a competitor has made those decisions. *E.g.,* *Brown
Bag Software*, 960 F.2d at 1471 (counsel could not be expected to
advise client without disclosing what he knew when he saw
competitors' trade secrets as to those very topics); *Matsushita
Elec. Indus. Co v. United States*, 929 F.2d 1577, 1579-80 (Fed.Cir.
1991) (determination by agency forbidding access was arbitrary when
lawyer precluded from access testified that he was not involved in
pricing, technical design, selection of vendors, purchasing and
marketing strategies); *Volvo Penta of the Americas, Inc. v.
Brunswick Corp*., 187 F.R.D. 240, 242 (E.D.Va. 1999) (competitive
decision-making involves decisions "that affect contracts,
marketing, employment, pricing, product design" and other decisions
made in light of similar or corresponding information about a
competitor); *Glaxo Inc. v. Genpharm Pharm., Inc*., 796 F.Supp. 872,
876 (E.D.N.C. 1992) (improper to preclude in-house counsel from
access to confidential information because he gave no advice to his
client about competitive decisions such as pricing, scientific
research, sales, or marketing)." *Id*. at 57-58.
[^187]: *See* Appendix C*, Standard Protective Order and Declaration for
Use in Section 612 Commercial Leased Access Proceedings.*
[^188]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.975(f)).
[^189]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.978(a)).
[^190]: *See* *NPRM*, 22 FCC Rcd 11222, ¶ 7. In his Separate Statement,
Commissioner Adelstein asked commenters to provide information
regarding the rates charged for leased access, whether they are
reasonable, how rate variances are justified, the rate formulas
effect on anticompetitive practices, its effect on diversity,
whether the current rate structure acts as a deterrent, and whether
the current methodology is appropriate for digital cable, VOD, and
IPTV services. *See* Separate Statement of Commissioner Jonathan S.
Adelstein, MB Docket No. 07-42 (Jun. 15, 2007).
[^191]: *See* CaribeVision Holdings Comments at 2-3, 5; CBA Comments at
1; Combonate Media Group Comments at 2; LSPA Comments at 6; PBC
Comments at 1; Reynolds Media Comments at 2-3; Shop NBC Comments at
3-4; Reynolds Media Reply Comments at 1-2.
[^192]: *See* *2006 Video Competition Report*, 21 FCC Rcd 15087 (2006).
[^193]: *See* Comcast Comments at 6.
[^194]: *See* TWC Comments at 14-15.
[^195]: *See id*. Comcast reports that approximately half of the leased
access time on its systems is used for infomercials or home
shopping. *See* Comcast Reply Comments at 4.
[^196]: *See* NCTA Comments at 3 n.5 (citing *2006 Video Competition
Report*, 21 FCC Rcd 15087 (2006)).
[^197]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.978(a)).
[^198]: Section 623(k) of the Communications Act requires the Commission
to publish annually a statistical report on average rates for basic
cable service, cable programming service, and equipment. To
implement this requirement, the Media Bureau directs certain
randomly selected cable operators to respond to a Cable Price Survey
Questionnaire. *See Implementation of Section 3 of the Cable
Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992,* Order,
21 FCC Rcd 1375 (MB 2006). We note that some of the questions listed
in the leased access annual report may be similar to those appearing
on the Cable Price Survey Questionnaire. We believe that requiring
all cable systems to respond to questions pertaining to leased
access is critical to ensure we have comprehensive data on leased
access usage and trends.
[^199]: For example, the report due on April 30, 2008, will pertain to
information for the period from January 1, 2007 through December 31,
2007.
[^200]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.978(b)).
[^201]: *See* Appendix B (adopting 47 C.F.R. § 76.972(b)).
[^202]: We also reject Comcast's argument that the *NPRM* failed to
provide the specificity required under the Administrative Procedure
Act ("APA") and that the Commission must issue another notice before
adopting final rules. *See* Comcast Comments at 14 n.34; Comcast
Reply Comments at 39-41. Section 553(b) and (c) of the APA requires
agencies to give public notice of a proposed rule making that
includes "either the terms or substance of the proposed rule or a
description of the subjects and issues involved" and to give
interested parties an opportunity to submit comments on the
proposal. *See* 5 U.S.C. §§ 553(b), (c). The notice "need not
specify every precise proposal which \[the agency\] may ultimately
adopt as a rule"; it need only "be sufficient to fairly apprise
interested parties of the issues involved." *See Nuvio Corp. v.
FCC*, 473 F.3d 302, 310 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (internal quotations
omitted). In particular, the APA's notice requirements are satisfied
where the final rule is a "logical outgrowth" of the actions
proposed. *See* *Public Service Commission of the District of
Columbia v. FCC*, 906 F.2d 713, 717 (D.C. Cir. 1990). The questions
raised in the *NPRM*, as well as the concerns mentioned in the
*Adelphia Order* which resulted in the *NPRM*, regarding the
adequacy of the current leased access regimes, including the
complaint process, were sufficient to put interested parties on
notice that the Commission was considering how to revise the leased
access rules to effectuate the intent of Congress. *See NPRM,* 22
FCC Rcd 11222, ¶ 1 (*citing Adelphia Order*, 21 FCC Rcd 8203, 8277,
¶ 165; 8367 (Statement of Commissioner Copps); 8371 (Statement of
Commissioner Adelstein)); *see also Adelphia Order*, 21 FCC Rcd at
¶¶ 99, 109, 114, 165, 190-91, 298. Because parties could have
anticipated that the rules ultimately adopted herein were possible,
it is a "logical outgrowth" of the original proposal, and adequate
notice was provided under the APA. *See* *Northeast Maryland Waste
Disposal Authority v. EPA*, 358 F.3d 936, 951 (D.C. Cir. 2004)
(discussing APA notice requirements and the "logical outgrowth"
test).
[^203]: *See* *Time Warner Entertainment Co., L.P. v. FCC*, 93 F.3d 957
(D.C. Cir. 1996) ("*Time Warner*").
[^204]: *See* Time Warner Comments at 11.
[^205]: *See* Time Warner Comments at 12.
[^206]: *See* Time Warner Comments at 11-12; *see also* Comcast Comments
at 6-12; Comcast Reply Comments at 2-6.
[^207]: *See* MAP Reply Comments at 3 (*citing Valuevision*, 149 F.3d
1204).
[^208]: *See Time Warner*, 93 F.3d at 969.
[^209]: *See id*.
[^210]: *See id*.
[^211]: *See id*. (stating that after *Turner,* "promoting the
widespread dissemination of information from a multiplicity of
sources" and "promoting fair competition in the market for
television programming" must be treated as important governmental
objectives unrelated to the suppression of speech (quoting *Turner
Broad. Sys., Inc. v. FCC*, 512 U.S. 622 (1994))).
[^212]: *See* Time Warner Reply Comments at 2 (citing *Program Access
Order*, 22 FCC Rcd 17791, 17838, ¶ 66); *see also* Verizon Reply
Comments at 3.
[^213]: *See* *Program Access Order*, 22 FCC Rcd 17791, 17810, ¶ 29, and
17837-38, ¶ 65.
[^214]: *See* Comcast Comments at 10-12; Time Warner Comments at 10.
[^215]: *See* Time Warner Comments at 13 n.51.
[^216]: *See* *U.S. v. Riverside Bayview Homes*, 474 U.S. 121, 128
(1985) (the Fifth Amendment does not prohibit takings, only
uncompensated ones).
[^217]: *See* Time Warner Comments at 13 n.51 (*citing Dolan v. City of
Tigard*, 512 U.S. 374, 386 (1994)).
[^218]: *See Time Warner Entertainment Co. L.P.,* 93 F.3d at 969-71,
978-79.
[^219]: *Rate Order*, 8 FCC Rcd at 5949.
[^220]: *See* 47 C.F.R. § 1.1206(b), as revised.
[^221]: *See id.* § 1.1206(b)(2).
[^222]: 47 C.F.R. §§ 1.415, 1.419.
[^223]: *See Electronic Filing of Documents in Rulemaking Proceedings*,
63 FR 24121 (1998).
[^224]: The RFA, *see* 5 U.S.C. §§ 601 -- 612, has been amended by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
("SBREFA"), Pub. L. No. 104-121, Title II, 110 Stat. 857 (1996).
[^225]: 5 U.S.C. § 605(b).
[^226]: *Id*. § 601(6).
[^227]: *Id*. § 601(3) (incorporating by reference the definition of
"small business concern" in the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. §
632). Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 601(3), the statutory definition of a
small business applies "unless an agency, after consultation with
the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and
after opportunity for public comment, establishes one or more
definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of
the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal
Register." *Id*. § 601(3).
[^228]: 15 U.S.C. § 632.
[^229]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 603.
[^230]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 604.
[^231]: The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 ("PRA"), Pub. L. No. 104-13,
109 Stat 163 (1995) (codified in Chapter 35 of title 44 U.S.C.).
[^232]: The Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002 ("SBPRA"), Pub.
L. No. 107-198, 116 Stat 729 (2002) (codified in Chapter 35 of title
44 U.S.C.); *see* 44 U.S.C. § 3506(c)(4).
[^233]: We obtain the number of subscribers to the most widely
distributed programming networks from SNL Kagan, *Economics of Basic
Cable Networks, 13th Ed.* (at 36-40) and SNL Kagan, *Media Trends,
2007 Edition* (at 58). Affiliation fees for these networks are from
SNL Kagan, *Economics of Basic Cable Networks, 13th Edition* (at
60-62); SNL Kagan, *Media Trends, 2007 Edition* (at 59); and SNL
Kagan, *Cable Program Investor*, October 18, 2007 (at 2-3).
[^234]: *Report on Cable Industry Prices*, Table 4, 21 FCC Rcd 15087
(released December 27, 2006).
[^235]: We base this calculation on the average of the programming cost
as a percentage of revenue for three large cable operators in 2005.
The inverse of this number is equal to the mark-up. SNL Kagan,
*Cable TV Investor: Deals and Finance*, January 31, 2007 at 6.
[^236]: Our information on per subscriber affiliation fees and
distribution of cable networks is not sufficiently broad to get a
sufficient number of networks whose weights sum to 33.7. This occurs
because there is a substantial population of networks with very
limited distribution. However, in our existing data, we noted that
there are a number of networks with license fees that are
effectively zero. It is likely that the lesser networks that we have
been unable to include have a similar paucity of license revenues.
Failure to include these additional networks makes the marginal
implicit fee for digital tiers slightly higher than it otherwise
would be.
[^237]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 603. The RFA has been amended by the *Contract
With America Advancement Act of 1996*, Pub. L. No. 104-121, 110
Stat. 847 (1996) ("CWAAA"). *See* 5 U.S.C. § 601 et. seq. Title II
of the CWAAA is the *Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness
Act of 1996* ("SBREFA").
[^238]: *See* *Leased Commercial Access; Development of Competition and
Diversity in Video Programming Distribution and Carriage,* Notice of
Proposed Rule Making, MB Docket No. 07-42, FCC 07-18 (rel. June 15,
2007) (the "*NPRM*").
[^239]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 604*.*
[^240]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 532.
[^241]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 532(a).
[^242]: *See Order* at ¶¶ 35-42.
[^243]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 43-46.
[^244]: *See id.* at ¶ 47-49.
[^245]: *See id.* at ¶ 49.
[^246]: *See id.*
[^247]: *See id*. at ¶ 37.
[^248]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 12-13.
[^249]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 27-31.
[^250]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 12, 14-32.
[^251]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 51-56.
[^252]: *See id.* at n.156.
[^253]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 57-65.
[^254]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 66-70.
[^255]: *See id.* at ¶ 70.
[^256]: 5 U.S.C. § 603(b)(3).
[^257]: 5 U.S.C. § 601(6).
[^258]: 5 U.S.C. § 601(3) (incorporating by reference the definition of
"small-business concern" in the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. §
632). Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 601(3), the statutory definition of a
small business applies "unless an agency, after consultation with
the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and
after opportunity for public comment, establishes one or more
definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of
the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal
Register."
[^259]: 15 U.S.C. § 632.
[^260]: *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
<http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/> n07-n02.xls).
[^261]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "517110 Wired
Telecommunications Carriers";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/ND517110.HTM#N517110.
[^262]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517110).
[^263]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Table 2, Employment Size of Establishments for the
United States: 2002 (2002 NAISC code 517110; 2002 NAISC code 517510;
2002 NAISC code 518111) (issued November 2005).
[^264]: *Id*.
[^265]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 NAICS Definitions, "517510 Cable and
Other Program Distribution";
<http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/def/NDEF517.HTM>. As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^266]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510).
[^267]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Table 4, Receipts Size of Firms for the United States:
2002 (NAICS code 517510) (issued November 2005).
[^268]: *Id*. An additional 61 firms had annual receipts of \$25 million
or more.
[^269]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(e). The Commission determined that this size
standard equates approximately to a size standard of \$100 million
or less in annual revenues. *Implementation of Sections of the 1992
Cable Act: Rate Regulation,* Sixth Report and Order and Eleventh
Order on Reconsideration, 10 FCC Rcd 7393, 7408 (1995).
[^270]: 74 [Television and Cable Factbook]{.smallcaps} F-2 (Warren Comm.
News eds., 2006); Top 25 MSOs -- NCTA.com, *available at*
http://www.ncta.com/ContentView.aspx?contentId=73 (last visited
September 6, 2007). We arrived at 7,916 cable operators qualifying
as small cable companies by subtracting the ten cable companies with
over 400,000 subscribers found on the NCTA website from the 7,926
total number of cable operators found in the Television and Cable
Factbook.
[^271]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(c).
[^272]: Warren Communications News, *Television & Cable Factbook 2006*,
"U.S. Cable Systems by Subscriber Size," page F-2 (data current as
of Oct. 2005). The data do not include 718 systems for which
classifying data were not available.
[^273]: 47 U.S.C. § 543(m)(2); *see* 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(f) & nn. 1-3.
[^274]: *See* *Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the
Market for the Delivery of Video Programming*, *Twelfth Annual
Report*, 21 FCC Rcd 2503, 2507, ¶ 10 and 2617, Table B-1 (2006)
("*12^th^ Annual Report*").
[^275]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(f); *see* Public Notice*, FCC Announces New
Subscriber Count for the Definition of Small Cable Operator*, DA
01‑158 (Cable Services Bureau, Jan. 24, 2001).
[^276]: 74 [Television and Cable Factbook]{.smallcaps} F-2 (Warren
Commc'ns News eds., 2006); Top 25 MSOs -- NCTA.com, *available at*
http://www.ncta.com/ContentView.aspx?contentId=73 (last visited
September 6, 2007). We arrived at 7,916 cable operators qualifying
as small cable companies by subtracting the ten cable companies with
over 654,000 subscribers found on the NCTA website from the 7,926
total number of cable operators found in the Television and Cable
Factbook.
[^277]: The Commission does receive such information on a case-by-case
basis if a cable operator appeals a local franchise authority's
finding that the operator does not qualify as a small cable operator
pursuant to § 76.901(f) of the Commission's rules. *See* 47 C.F.R. §
76.909(b).
[^278]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510). As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^279]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510).
[^280]: *See* *12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2538-39, ¶ 70 and
2620, Table B-3.
[^281]: DIRECTV is the largest DBS operator and the second largest MVPD,
serving an estimated 15.72 million subscribers nationwide as of June
2005. *See* *12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2620, Table B-3.
[^282]: EchoStar, which provides service under the brand name Dish
Network, is the second largest DBS operator and one of the four
largest MVPDs, serving an estimated 12.27 million subscribers
nationwide. *Id*.
[^283]: *See id*. at 2540, ¶ 73 .
[^284]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510). As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^285]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2564-65, ¶ 130.
Previously, the Commission reported that IMCC had 250 members; *see*
*Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for
the Delivery of Video Programming,* *Tenth Annual Report*, 19 FCC
Rcd 1606, 1666, ¶ 90 (2004) ("*10^th^ Annual Report*").
[^286]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2564-65, ¶ 130.
[^287]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^288]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2617, Table B-1. HSD
subscribership declined more than 33 percent between June 2003 and
June 2004. *See id.*
[^289]: *Amendment of Parts 1, 21 73, 74, and 101 of the Commission's
Rules to Facilitate the Provision of Fixed and Mobile Broadband
Access, Educational and Other Advanced Services in the 2150-2162 and
2500-2690 MHz Bands*, WT Docket No. 03-66, RM-10586, *Report and
Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking*, 19 FCC Rcd 14165
(2004).
[^290]: *See id.*
[^291]: As discussed above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include,
among others, Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code
517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S."
(available at http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^292]: 47 C.F.R. § 21.961(b)(1) (2002).
[^293]: *Amendment of Parts 21 and 74 of the Commission's Rules with
Regard to Filing Procedures in the Multipoint Distribution Service
and in the Instructional Television Fixed Service, Report and
Order*, 10 FCC Rcd 9589 (1995).
[^294]: MDS Auction No. 6 began on November 13, 1995, and closed on
March 28, 1996 (67 bidders won 493 licenses).
[^295]: Hundreds of stations were licensed to incumbent MDS licensees
prior to implementation of Section 309(j) of the Communications Act
of 1934. 47 U.S.C. § 309(j). For these pre-auction licenses, the
applicable standard is SBA's small business size standards for
"other telecommunications" (annual receipts of \$13.5 million or
less). *See* 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517910).
[^296]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^297]: In addition, the term "small entity" under SBREFA applies to
small organizations (nonprofits) and to small governmental
jurisdictions (cities, counties, towns, townships, villages, school
districts, and special districts with populations of less than
50,000). 5 U.S.C. §§ 601(4)-(6). We do not collect annual revenue
data on ITFS licensees.
[^298]: *See Local Multipoint Distribution Service*, Second Report and
Order, 12 FCC Rcd 12545 (1997).
[^299]: As discussed above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include,
among others, Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code
517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S."
(available at http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^300]: The Commission has held two LMDS auctions: Auction No. 17 and
Auction No. 23. Auction No. 17, the first LMDS auction, began on
February 18, 1998, and closed on March 25, 1998 (104 bidders won 864
licenses). Auction No. 23, the LMDS re-auction, began on April 27,
1999, and closed on May 12, 1999 (40 bidders won 161 licenses).
[^301]: *See LMDS* *Order,* 12 FCC Rcd at 12545.
[^302]: *Id.*
[^303]: *See* Letter to Daniel Phythyon, Chief, Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau, FCC from A. Alvarez, Administrator, SBA
(January 6, 1998).
[^304]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 573.
[^305]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^306]: *See* Current Filings for Certification of Open Video Systems,
<http://www.fcc.gov/mb/ovs/csovscer.html> (last visited July 25,
2007); Current Filings for Certification of Open Video Systems,
<http://www.fcc.gov/mb/ovs/csovsarc.html> (last visited July 25,
2007).
[^307]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2617, Table B-1.
[^308]: OPASTCO reports that less than 8 percent of its members provide
service under OVS certification. *See id*. at 2548-49, ¶ 88 n.336.
[^309]: *See id*. at 2549, ¶ 89. WideOpenWest is the second largest BSP
and 16th largest MVPD, with cable systems serving about 292,500
subscribers as of June 2005. *See id*. The third largest BSP is
Knology, which was serving approximately 179,800 subscribers as of
June 2005. *See id.*
[^310]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "515210 Cable and
Other Subscription Programming";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/ND515210.HTM#N515210.
[^311]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 515210).
[^312]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 515210) (issued November
2005).
[^313]: *Id*. An additional 40 firms had annual receipts of \$25 million
or more.
[^314]: *S**ee* U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "51211
Motion Picture and Video Production";
<http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/>def/NDEF512.HTM#N51211.
[^315]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 51211).
[^316]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 51211) (issued November
2005).
[^317]: *Id*.
[^318]: *See* U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "51212 Motion
Picture and Video Distribution";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/NDEF512.HTM#N51212.
[^319]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 51212).
[^320]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 51212) (issued November
2005).
[^321]: *Id*.
[^322]: 15 U.S.C. § 632.
[^323]: Letter from Jere W. Glover, Chief Counsel for Advocacy, SBA, to
William E. Kennard, Chairman, FCC (May 27, 1999). The Small Business
Act contains a definition of "small-business concern," which the RFA
incorporates into its own definition of "small business." *See* 15
U.S.C. § 632(a) (Small Business Act); 5 U.S.C. § 601(3) (RFA). SBA
regulations interpret "small business concern" to include the
concept of dominance on a national basis. *See* 13 C.F.R.
§ 121.102(b).
[^324]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517110).
[^325]: FCC, Wireline Competition Bureau, Industry Analysis and
Technology Division, "Trends in Telephone Service" at Table 5.3,
page 5-5 (February 2007) ("Trends in Telephone Service"). This
source uses data that are current as of October 20, 2005.
[^326]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517110).
[^327]: *See* Trends in Telephone Service at Table 5.3.
[^328]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "2211 Electric Power
Generation, Transmission and Distribution";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/NDEF221.HTM#N2211.
[^329]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS codes 221111, 221112, 221113,
221119, 221121, 221122, footnote 1).
[^330]: U S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Utilities, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (2007 NAICS codes 221111, 221112,
221113, 221119, 221121, 221122) (issued November 2005).
[^331]: *See Order* at ¶ 57.
[^332]: *See id.* at ¶ 57.
[^333]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 62-65.
[^334]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 66-70.
[^335]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 14-32.
[^336]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 26-31.
[^337]: *See id.* at ¶ 13.
[^338]: *See id.* at ¶ 12.
[^339]: *See id.* at ¶¶ 33-34.
[^340]: 5 U.S.C. § 603(c).
[^341]: *See* *NPRM*, 22 FCC Rcd 11222, ¶ 27 and Appendix A.
[^342]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 532(a).
[^343]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 801(a)(1)(A).
[^344]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 604(b).
[^345]: The RFA, *see* 5 U.S.C. §§ 601 -- 612, has been amended by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
("SBREFA"), Pub. L. No. 104-121, Title II, 110 Stat. 857 (1996).
[^346]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 603.
[^347]: *See* 5 U.S.C. § 603(a).
[^348]: *See* *id.*
[^349]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 532.
[^350]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 532(a).
[^351]: *See FNPRM* at ¶ 74.
[^352]: *See id*. at ¶ 75.
[^353]: *See id*.
[^354]: *See id*.
[^355]: *See id*.
[^356]: *See id*.
[^357]: 5 U.S.C. § 603(b)(3).
[^358]: 5 U.S.C. § 601(6).
[^359]: 5 U.S.C. § 601(3) (incorporating by reference the definition of
"small-business concern" in the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. §
632). Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 601(3), the statutory definition of a
small business applies "unless an agency, after consultation with
the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and
after opportunity for public comment, establishes one or more
definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of
the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal
Register."
[^360]: 15 U.S.C. § 632.
[^361]: *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
<http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/> n07-n02.xls).
[^362]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "517110 Wired
Telecommunications Carriers";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/ND517110.HTM#N517110.
[^363]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517110).
[^364]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Table 2, Employment Size of Establishments for the
United States: 2002 (2002 NAISC code 517110; 2002 NAISC code 517510;
2002 NAISC code 518111) (issued November 2005).
[^365]: *Id*.
[^366]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 NAICS Definitions, "517510 Cable and
Other Program Distribution";
<http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/def/NDEF517.HTM>. As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^367]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510).
[^368]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Table 4, Receipts Size of Firms for the United States:
2002 (NAICS code 517510) (issued November 2005).
[^369]: *Id*. An additional 61 firms had annual receipts of \$25 million
or more.
[^370]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(e). The Commission determined that this size
standard equates approximately to a size standard of \$100 million
or less in annual revenues. *Implementation of Sections of the 1992
Cable Act: Rate Regulation,* Sixth Report and Order and Eleventh
Order on Reconsideration, 10 FCC Rcd 7393, 7408 (1995).
[^371]: 74 [Television and Cable Factbook]{.smallcaps} F-2 (Warren Comm.
News eds., 2006); Top 25 MSOs -- NCTA.com, *available at*
http://www.ncta.com/ContentView.aspx?contentId=73 (last visited
September 6, 2007). We arrived at 7,916 cable operators qualifying
as small cable companies by subtracting the ten cable companies with
over 400,000 subscribers found on the NCTA website from the 7,926
total number of cable operators found in the Television and Cable
Factbook.
[^372]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(c).
[^373]: Warren Communications News, *Television & Cable Factbook 2006*,
"U.S. Cable Systems by Subscriber Size," page F-2 (data current as
of Oct. 2005). The data do not include 718 systems for which
classifying data were not available.
[^374]: 47 U.S.C. § 543(m)(2); *see* 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(f) & nn. 1-3.
[^375]: *See* *Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the
Market for the Delivery of Video Programming*, *Twelfth Annual
Report*, 21 FCC Rcd 2503, 2507, ¶ 10 and 2617, Table B-1 (2006)
("*12^th^ Annual Report*").
[^376]: 47 C.F.R. § 76.901(f); *see* Public Notice*, FCC Announces New
Subscriber Count for the Definition of Small Cable Operator*, DA
01‑158 (Cable Services Bureau, Jan. 24, 2001).
[^377]: 74 [Television and Cable Factbook]{.smallcaps} F-2 (Warren
Commc'ns News eds., 2006); Top 25 MSOs -- NCTA.com, *available at*
http://www.ncta.com/ContentView.aspx?contentId=73 (last visited
September 6, 2007). We arrived at 7,916 cable operators qualifying
as small cable companies by subtracting the ten cable companies with
over 654,000 subscribers found on the NCTA website from the 7,926
total number of cable operators found in the Television and Cable
Factbook.
[^378]: The Commission does receive such information on a case-by-case
basis if a cable operator appeals a local franchise authority's
finding that the operator does not qualify as a small cable operator
pursuant to § 76.901(f) of the Commission's rules. *See* 47 C.F.R. §
76.909(b).
[^379]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510). As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^380]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510).
[^381]: *See* *12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2538-39, ¶ 70 and
2620, Table B-3.
[^382]: DIRECTV is the largest DBS operator and the second largest MVPD,
serving an estimated 15.72 million subscribers nationwide as of June
2005. *See* *12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2620, Table B-3.
[^383]: EchoStar, which provides service under the brand name Dish
Network, is the second largest DBS operator and one of the four
largest MVPDs, serving an estimated 12.27 million subscribers
nationwide. *Id*.
[^384]: *See id*. at 2540, ¶ 73 .
[^385]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2002 NAICS code 517510). As discussed
above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers"
(2007 NAISC code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other
Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS
U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^386]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2564-65, ¶ 130.
Previously, the Commission reported that IMCC had 250 members; *see*
*Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for
the Delivery of Video Programming,* *Tenth Annual Report*, 19 FCC
Rcd 1606, 1666, ¶ 90 (2004) ("*10^th^ Annual Report*").
[^387]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2564-65, ¶ 130.
[^388]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^389]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2617, Table B-1. HSD
subscribership declined more than 33 percent between June 2003 and
June 2004. *See id.*
[^390]: *Amendment of Parts 1, 21 73, 74, and 101 of the Commission's
Rules to Facilitate the Provision of Fixed and Mobile Broadband
Access, Educational and Other Advanced Services in the 2150-2162 and
2500-2690 MHz Bands*, WT Docket No. 03-66, RM-10586, *Report and
Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking*, 19 FCC Rcd 14165
(2004).
[^391]: *See id.*
[^392]: As discussed above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include,
among others, Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code
517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S."
(available at http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^393]: 47 C.F.R. § 21.961(b)(1) (2002).
[^394]: *Amendment of Parts 21 and 74 of the Commission's Rules with
Regard to Filing Procedures in the Multipoint Distribution Service
and in the Instructional Television Fixed Service, Report and
Order*, 10 FCC Rcd 9589 (1995).
[^395]: MDS Auction No. 6 began on November 13, 1995, and closed on
March 28, 1996 (67 bidders won 493 licenses).
[^396]: Hundreds of stations were licensed to incumbent MDS licensees
prior to implementation of Section 309(j) of the Communications Act
of 1934. 47 U.S.C. § 309(j). For these pre-auction licenses, the
applicable standard is SBA's small business size standards for
"other telecommunications" (annual receipts of \$13.5 million or
less). *See* 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517910).
[^397]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^398]: In addition, the term "small entity" under SBREFA applies to
small organizations (nonprofits) and to small governmental
jurisdictions (cities, counties, towns, townships, villages, school
districts, and special districts with populations of less than
50,000). 5 U.S.C. §§ 601(4)-(6). We do not collect annual revenue
data on ITFS licensees.
[^399]: *See Local Multipoint Distribution Service*, Second Report and
Order, 12 FCC Rcd 12545 (1997).
[^400]: As discussed above, the 2007 NAICS defines "Wired
Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC code 517110) to include,
among others, Cable and Other Program Distribution (2002 NAISC code
517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S. Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S."
(available at http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^401]: The Commission has held two LMDS auctions: Auction No. 17 and
Auction No. 23. Auction No. 17, the first LMDS auction, began on
February 18, 1998, and closed on March 25, 1998 (104 bidders won 864
licenses). Auction No. 23, the LMDS re-auction, began on April 27,
1999, and closed on May 12, 1999 (40 bidders won 161 licenses).
[^402]: *See LMDS* *Order,* 12 FCC Rcd at 12545.
[^403]: *Id.*
[^404]: *See* Letter to Daniel Phythyon, Chief, Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau, FCC from A. Alvarez, Administrator, SBA
(January 6, 1998).
[^405]: *See* 47 U.S.C. § 573.
[^406]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 517510). As discussed above, the
2007 NAICS defines "Wired Telecommunications Carriers" (2007 NAISC
code 517110) to include, among others, Cable and Other Program
Distribution (2002 NAISC code 517510). *See* "2007 NAICS U.S.
Matched to 2002 NAICS U.S." (available at
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/n07-n02.xls).
[^407]: *See* Current Filings for Certification of Open Video Systems,
<http://www.fcc.gov/mb/ovs/csovscer.html> (last visited July 25,
2007); Current Filings for Certification of Open Video Systems,
<http://www.fcc.gov/mb/ovs/csovsarc.html> (last visited July 25,
2007).
[^408]: *See 12^th^ Annual Report*, 21 FCC Rcd at 2617, Table B-1.
[^409]: OPASTCO reports that less than 8 percent of its members provide
service under OVS certification. *See id*. at 2548-49, ¶ 88 n.336.
[^410]: *See id*. at 2549, ¶ 89. WideOpenWest is the second largest BSP
and 16th largest MVPD, with cable systems serving about 292,500
subscribers as of June 2005. *See id*. The third largest BSP is
Knology, which was serving approximately 179,800 subscribers as of
June 2005. *See id.*
[^411]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "515210 Cable and
Other Subscription Programming";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/ND515210.HTM#N515210.
[^412]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 515210).
[^413]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 515210) (issued November
2005).
[^414]: *Id*. An additional 40 firms had annual receipts of \$25 million
or more.
[^415]: *See* U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "51211 Motion
Picture and Video Production";
<http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/>def/NDEF512.HTM#N51211.
[^416]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 51211).
[^417]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 51211) (issued November
2005).
[^418]: *Id*.
[^419]: *See* U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "51212 Motion
Picture and Video Distribution";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/NDEF512.HTM#N51212.
[^420]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (NAICS code 51212).
[^421]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Information, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (NAICS code 51212) (issued November
2005).
[^422]: *Id*.
[^423]: 15 U.S.C. § 632.
[^424]: Letter from Jere W. Glover, Chief Counsel for Advocacy, SBA, to
William E. Kennard, Chairman, FCC (May 27, 1999). The Small Business
Act contains a definition of "small-business concern," which the RFA
incorporates into its own definition of "small business." *See* 15
U.S.C. § 632(a) (Small Business Act); 5 U.S.C. § 601(3) (RFA). SBA
regulations interpret "small business concern" to include the
concept of dominance on a national basis. *See* 13 C.F.R.
§ 121.102(b).
[^425]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517110).
[^426]: FCC, Wireline Competition Bureau, Industry Analysis and
Technology Division, "Trends in Telephone Service" at Table 5.3,
page 5-5 (February 2007) ("Trends in Telephone Service"). This
source uses data that are current as of October 20, 2005.
[^427]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS code 517110).
[^428]: *See* Trends in Telephone Service at Table 5.3.
[^429]: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 NAICS Definitions, "2211 Electric Power
Generation, Transmission and Distribution";
http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/def/NDEF221.HTM#N2211.
[^430]: 13 C.F.R. § 121.201 (2007 NAICS codes 221111, 221112, 221113,
221119, 221121, 221122, footnote 1).
[^431]: U S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Subject Series:
Utilities, Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of
Organization): 2002, Table 4 (2007 NAICS codes 221111, 221112,
221113, 221119, 221121, 221122) (issued November 2005).
[^432]: 5 U.S.C. § 603(c).
[^433]: *See United Production v. Mediacom Communications Corp.*,
*Order*, Media Bureau, CSR 6336-L (adopted January 26, 2007, DA
07-273). The Petition for Commercial Leased Access was filed on
February 25, 2005.
| en |
all-txt-docs | 126045 | FDELCOL (Mar97) ftools.futils FDELCOL (Mar97)
NAME
fdelcol -- Delete a specified column in a FITS table
USAGE
fdelcol infile[ext#] colname confirm proceed
DESCRIPTION
This task deletes a column in a FITS table. Since the input FITS
file is modified by this utility, the user is given an opportunity
to confirm before deleting the column.
PARAMETERS
infile [file name]
The file name and number or name of the extension containing
the specified column to be deleted. The extension number or
name has to be specified explicitly.
colname [string]
Name of the column to be deleted.
(confirm = yes) [boolean]
If set to YES, the following information (keyword values) about
the extension containing the specified column will be printed;
EXTENSION, EXTNAME and Column Name.
proceed = yes [boolean]
At this point the user may proceed or quit without modifying
the input FITS file. If the 'PROCEED' parameter is set to NO,
then the program exits without modifying the input file.
If 'CONFIRM' is set to NO and 'PROCEED' is set to YES, the
utility simply deletes the column without any warnings.
(suitable for a script)
EXAMPLES
1. Delete the column COL1 in the second extension of the file
test.fits, without querying for confirmation.
ft> fdelcol test.fits+2 COL1 N Y
BUGS
For the safety, the user has to specify the extension name or
number explicitly in input file name. If the user does not give
an extension number or name, the program will generate an error
message and exit.
SEE ALSO
fv, the interactive FITS file editor, can also be used to delete
columns from a FITS table.
| en |
converted_docs | 707374 | +---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Part | #### Individualized Education Program |
| B** | |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
The Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written document that is
developed for each eligible child with a disability. The Part B
regulations specify, at 34 CFR §§300.320-300.328, the procedures that
school districts must follow to develop, review, and revise the IEP for
each child. The document below sets out the IEP content that those
regulations require.
A statement of the child's present levels of academic achievement and
functional performance including:
- How the child's disability affects the child's involvement and
progress in the general education curriculum (i.e., the same
curriculum as for nondisabled children) **or** [for preschool
children]{.underline}, as appropriate, how the disability affects
the child's participation in appropriate activities. \[34 CFR
§300.320(a)(1)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
A statement of measurable annual goals, including academic and
functional goals designed to:
- Meet the child's needs that result from the child's disability to
enable the child to be involved in and make progress in the general
education curriculum. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(2)(i)(A)\]
- Meet each of the child's other educational needs that result from
the child's disability. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(2)(i)(B)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
For children with disabilities who take alternate assessments aligned to
alternate achievement standards (in addition to the annual goals), a
description of benchmarks or short-term objectives.
\[34 CFR §300.320(a)(2)(ii)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
A description of:
- How the child's progress toward meeting the annual goals will be
measured. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(3)(i)\]
- When periodic reports on the progress the child is making toward
meeting the annual goals will be provided such as through the use of
quarterly or other periodic reports, concurrent with the issuance of
report cards. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(3)(ii)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
A statement of the [special education and related services]{.underline}
and [supplementary aids]{.underline} and [services,]{.underline} based
on peer-reviewed research to the extent practicable, to be provided to
the child, or on behalf of the child, and [a statement of the program
modifications or supports]{.underline} for school personnel that will be
provided to enable the child:
- To advance appropriately toward attaining the annual goals.
\[34 CFR §300.320(a)(4)(i)\]
- To be involved in and make progress in the general education
curriculum and to participate in extracurricular and other
nonacademic activities. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(4)(ii)\]
- To be educated and participate with other children with disabilities
and nondisabled children in extracurricular and other nonacademic
activities. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(4)(iii)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
An explanation of the extent, if any, to which the child will not
participate with nondisabled children in the regular classroom and in
extracurricular and other nonacademic activities. \[34 CFR
§300.320(a)(5)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
A statement of any individual appropriate accommodations that are
necessary to measure the academic achievement and functional performance
of the child on State and districtwide assessments. \[34 CFR
§300.320(a)(6)(i)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
If the IEP Team determines that the child must take an alternate
assessment instead of a particular regular State or districtwide
assessment of student achievement, a statement of why:
- The child cannot participate in the regular assessment.
\[34 CFR §300.320(a)(6)(ii)(A)\]
- The particular alternate assessment selected is appropriate for the
child. \[34 CFR §300.320(a)(6)(ii)(B)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications
and the anticipated frequency, location, and duration of [special
education and related services]{.underline} and [supplementary aids and
services]{.underline} and [modifications and supports.]{.underline}
\[34 CFR §300.320(a)(7)\]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Service, Aid or Frequency Location Beginning Duration
Modification Date
----------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Transition Services
Beginning not later than the first IEP to be in effect [when the child
turns 16, or younger if determined appropriate by the IEP
Team]{.underline}, and updated annually thereafter, the IEP must
include:
- Appropriate measurable postsecondary goals based upon
age-appropriate transition assessments related to training,
education, employment, and where appropriate, independent living
skills. \[34 CFR §300.320(b)(1)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The transition services (including courses of study) needed to
assist the child in reaching those goals. \[34 CFR §300.320(b)(2)\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Transition Services (Including Courses of Study)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
## Rights that Transfer at Age of Majority
- Beginning not later than one year before the child reaches the age
of majority under State law, the IEP must include a statement that
the child has been informed of the child's rights under Part B of
the IDEA, if any, that will, consistent with 34 CFR §300.520,
transfer to the child on reaching the age of majority.\
\[34 CFR §300.320(c)\]
| en |
converted_docs | 211292 | #### *Transit Research Update -- July 2008*
# *Contents*
*To view any article listed, use the mouse and control/click on the
title.*
[SPECIAL](#special)
[U.S. Transportation Secretary Peters Unveils - New Approach for
America's Transportation Future
3](#u.s.-transportation-secretary-peters-unveils---new-approach-for-americas-transportation-future)
[Public Transportation Trade Mission to India, September 2008
3](#public-transportation-trade-mission-to-india-september-2008)
[Message to you from Congress: *Take the stairs*!
3](#message-to-you-from-congress-take-the-stairs)
[FROM THE TRI RESEARCH CORNER](#__RefHeading___Toc206471302)
[Meeting with Wiener Linien, Vienna's Public Transport Authority
3](#meeting-with-wiener-linien-viennas-public-transport-authority)
[Paris, France- Provision of Technical Assistance
3](#paris-france--provision-of-technical-assistance)
[Rail Safety Audit Course Development (OK-26-7008)
3](#rail-safety-audit-course-development-ok-26-7008)
[State of Good Repair Summit 3](#state-of-good-repair-summit)
[Visit by Director of French Public Service Management Institute
3](#visit-by-director-of-french-public-service-management-institute)
[FEDERAL RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS](#__RefHeading___Toc206471309)
[Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and Its
Improvements 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[Evaluating Innovative Practices 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[511 Deployment Coalition May 2008 Update and Statistics Report
3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis Funding Proposals Being
Accepted 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[Pedestrian Safety Prediction Methodology - Web-Only Document 129, Phase
3 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[Resources for Legal Issues Associated with Bus Maintenance
3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[The Role of Transit in Emergency Evacuation, Special Report 294
3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[Urine Specimen Collection Guidelines for the U.S. Department of
Transportation Workplace Drug Testing Programs (Revised - Effective
August 25, 2008) 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471318)
[RESEARCH NEWS & INFORMATION](#research-news-information)
[Conference: Meeting Federal Surface Transportation Requirements in
Statewide and Metropolitan Transportation Planning
3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471320)
[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471321)
[New 15-Year Mass Transit Expansion Package Offers Rail Extensions
3](#new-15-year-mass-transit-expansion-package-offers-rail-extensions)
[Online TDM Encyclopedia 3](#online-tdm-encyclopedia)
[Senate Press Release on ADA Amendments
3](#senate-press-release-on-ada-amendments)
[TSA Expand Registered Traveler Program
3](#tsa-expand-registered-traveler-program)
[Vehicle Lift Accessories can be Certified
3](#vehicle-lift-accessories-can-be-certified)
[UNIVERSITIES](#universities)
[Is the U.S. on the Path to the Lowest Motor Vehicle Fatalities in
Decades? 3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471328)
[Algorithms and Software/Hardware Infrastructure for Distributed
Miniature Robots -- Research in Progress
3](#__RefHeading___Toc206471329)
[Guidelines and Performance Measures to Incorporate Transit and Other
Multimodal Considerations into the FDOT DRI Review Process
3](#guidelines-and-performance-measures-to-incorporate-transit-and-other-multimodal-considerations-into-the-fdot-dri-review-process)
~=============================================================================================================================================================================================~
## SPECIAL
### U.S. Transportation Secretary Peters Unveils - New Approach for America's Transportation Future
ATLANTA -- A clean and historic break with the past is needed to
encourage the future vitality of our country's transportation network,
said U.S. Transportation Secretary Mary E. Peters, who unveiled the Bush
Administration's new plan to *refocus, reform and renew* the national
approach to highway and transit systems in America.
The Secretary said the plan sets a course for reforming the nation's
transportation programs by outlining a renewed federal focus on
maintaining and improving the Interstate highway system... The *reform
plan* also calls for greatly reducing over 102 federal transportation
programs ... replacing them with eight comprehensive, intermodal
programs that will help focus instead of dilute investments, and cut the
dizzying red-tape forced upon local planners, she said.
Secretary Peters said a hallmark of the plan is a refocused and
redoubled emphasis on safety, using a data and technology-driven
approach that also gives states maximum flexibility to tackle their
toughest safety challenges. *A copy of the reform plan is available at*
\[[www.fightgridlocknow.gov](http://www.fightgridlocknow.gov/)\]. *A
copy of the remarks can be found at*
\[<http://www.dot.gov/affairs/peters072908.htm>\].
### Public Transportation Trade Mission to India, September 2008
Federal Transit Administrator James S. Simpson will be leading a public
transportation trade mission to India from September 22-30, 2008. The
cities on this itinerary include New Delhi (September 22-23);
Visakhapatnam (September 24-25); Hyderabad (September 26-27); and Mumbai
(September 28-30).
India is investing a considerable amount of funding to improve its urban
transportation system over the next several years. There are 393
metropolitan areas in India that have a population of 100,000 or more,
and 63 of these cities have over one-half million population. These 63
cities have been targeted by the national government for significant
urban transportation improvements.
The country's urban population is currently around 30 percent of its
total population. Experience throughout the world indicates that, as
economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60
percent before stabilization occurs. In recognition of this growth, the
Indian Ministry of Urban Development has identified 12 cities to be
awarded grants ranging from \$100-150 million to improve their urban
transportation systems.
This mission will begin in New Delhi, the seat of the national
government. The city is developing plans for a 200-250 mile rail system,
as well as a significant expansion of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
Experimental Line. The delegation will meet with senior officials from
New Delhi Metro and the BRT Experimental Line. An industry roundtable is
also being planned that will provide an opportunity for the U.S. public
transportation industry to engage in dialogue with government and
private sector organizations from India. Read Online
\[<http://www.fta.dot.gov/assistance/international/research_4492.html>\]
To find out more about this trade mission, please contact Mr. Ronald
Boenau at (202-366-0195), <Ronald.Boenau@dot.gov>.; or Mr. Venkat
Pindiprolu at (202-366-8061), <Venkat.Pindiprolu@dot.gov>.
### Message to you from Congress: *Take the stairs*!
The Senate Appropriations Committee apparently is concerned about
federal employees' health. The message from the Committee is twofold:
*1) Use of Stairs*.---The Committee expects a stronger effort to promote
the use of stairs in Federal buildings. The use of stairs improves
health of Federal workers and the general population, while improving
the efficiency of Federal buildings.
*2) Promoting Energy Efficiency Through Use of Revolving Doors*.---The
Committee supports the promotion of the use of revolving doors over
swing doors by staff, tenants, and visitors to Federal buildings as a
significant role in energy conservation...The Committee directs GSA to
take steps to promote energy efficiency and encourage employees and
visitors to use revolving doors when possible, and to report back to the
Committee no later than 120 days after enactment of this act on intended
steps and progress achieved to date. More Online
\[<http://www.fcw.com/blogs/editor/153204-1.html>\]
## [[]{#__RefHeading___Toc206471302 .anchor}FROM THE TRI RESEARCH CORNER](#__RefHeading___Toc200519357)
### Meeting with Wiener Linien, Vienna's Public Transport Authority
On July 8, Ron Boenau met with Mr. Martin Huber and Mr. Matthias Winkler
of the Vienna, Austria Public Transport Authority, Wiener Linien. The
meeting addressed public transportation in Vienna and identified issues
mutual to public transportation in both Austria and the U.S. Vienna has
a population of approximately 2 million with a public transportation
system that includes subway \[5 lines with 800 vehicles\], bus \[83
lines with 500 vehicles\] and tram \[31 lines with 800 vehicles\]. The
non-auto mode split includes 35 percent for public transportation, 28
percent for pedestrian, and 5 percent for bicycles with a satisfaction
rating of 85 percent. Wiener Linien is interested in maintaining
communication with the Federal Transit Administration to exchange
information on public transportation advanced technologies and
innovative services. The June 2009 International Association of Public
Transport will conduct its World Congress in Vienna. Contact
Ronald.Boenau@dot.gov
### Paris, France- Provision of Technical Assistance
Michael Winter and Dana Loll traveled to Paris, France on July 2, 2008
to provide technical assistance to transportation and government
officials on the implementation of France's recently passed disability
legislation. Michael and Dana met with representatives from Air France,
the French metro rail and with a representative of the French parliament
during the course of this trip. Contact <Dana.Loll@dot.gov>.
### Rail Safety Audit Course Development (OK-26-7008)
On July 16, the FTA Office of Procurement awarded an intra-agency
reimbursable agreement (IAA) to the Research and Innovative Technology
Administration (RITA) for development, by the Transportation Safety
Institute (TSI) in Oklahoma City, of a training course in conducting
rail transit safety and security audits. Contact *FTA Staff Member,
\[Henry.Nejako@dot.gov\]*
### State of Good Repair Summit
Mike Flanigon, Director of Office of Technology and Staff member,
Terrell Williams, drafted a White Paper for the upcoming State of Good
Repair Summit (SGR Summit), that will take place August 13 -- 14, in the
DOT Conference Center. The White Paper was circulated for comment.
Deputy Administrator Sherry Little is spearheading FTA's leadership role
in creating solutions to maintaining and updating the nation's
deteriorating transit infrastructures. For more information, please
contact \[Terrell. Williams@DOT.gov\].
### Visit by Director of French Public Service Management Institute
Pierre Van de Vyver, Director General of the Institut de la Gestion
Deleguée, (French Institute for Delegated Public Service Management),
will visit with FTA officials in early September 2008 to discuss
cooperation in the area of innovative financing, and especially public
private partnerships (PPPs). The Institute was a partner of the 1^st^
French-American workshop on public transportation and innovative
financing held in Lyon at the beginning of July. The Institute works on
improving PPPs (contractual frameworks, relationship between public
authorities and private operators, enhancement of the public interest
through PPPs, etc.) in a wide range of sectors: urban transportation,
parking, water supply and wastewater, waste management, urban heating
networks, collective catering, tourism and leisure, specialized real
estate and corporate building management, sport and recreational
facilities, highways and bridges, airports and seaports, gas and
electric power supply networks, management and information services.
Contact <Rita.Daguillard@dot.gov>. []{#__RefHeading___Toc206471318
.anchor}
## [FEDERAL RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS](#__RefHeading___Toc200519360)
### Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and Its Improvements
The *National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 617:*
*Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS
Improvements* explores the development of accident modification factors
(AMFs) for traffic engineering and intelligent transportation system
improvements. AMFs, also known as crash reduction factors, are designed
to provide a simple and quick way of estimating the safety impacts of
various types of engineering improvements, encompassing the areas of
signing, alignment, channelization, and other traffic engineering
solutions. Online
--\[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=8965>\]
### Evaluating Innovative Practices
The May-June edition of *TR News Number 256: Evaluating Innovative
Practices* highlights *Scans\' Domestic Program Debut,* in the article
entitled \"Scanning the Home Front for Transportation\'s Best
Practices\". Scan is a domestic scanning program to facilitate state
agency information sharing and technology exchange. Personal contact
with new ideas and their applications is key to the exchange of
information. Both the international and domestic experiences have shown
that the Scan approach is productive, encouraging the spread of
information and innovation. Other articles in this edition are:
-
-
-
Promoting Public Health Through Transportation Planning;Walking to
Transit Stations: How Far?Preparing for Climate Change.Available Online
\[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_browse.asp?id=12>\]
### 511 Deployment Coalition May 2008 Update and Statistics Report
### {width="0.3in" height="0.20208333333333334in"} With all but two of America\'s deployed 511 Traveler Information Services reporting call statistics for the month of May 2008, the usage statistics for 511 telephone services in North America and Canada reported to the 511 Deployment Coalition totaled *2,380.004 Calls.* Over 112 million calls nationwide were made since inception; 8 consecutive months with over 2 million calls; 511 service were available to over 128 million Americans (47%) and almost 1 million Canadians (3%). Currently *forty-three 511 telephone services are operating in 33 states and 2 provinces* that are available to the traveling public. In addition, there are *30 active co-branded 511 Websites*, as of May 1, 2008. For more information please visit \[[http://www.deploy511.org](http://www.deploy511.org/)\]. See also \[<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficinfo/511.htm>\] Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis Funding Proposals Being Accepted
Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) *[Program
Announcement](http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sp/IDEA_announcement.pdf)*
explains the IDEA programs, describes the two types of eligible projects
and their funding structures, suggests general areas for which IDEA
proposals are solicited, and provides guidelines and forms for
submitting proposals. [*The IDEA
programs*](http://www.trb.org/Studies/Programs/IDEA.asp) provide
start-up funding for promising, but unproven, innovations in surface
transportation systems. The programs' goals are to seek out and support
new transportation solutions that are unlikely to be funded through
traditional sources. The deadline for the next review cycle for
*Transit IDEA* *proposals is September 1, 2008.* The Transit IDEA
Program is sponsored by FTA and conducted in the Transit Cooperative
Research Program which is administered by the Transportation Research
Board. The deadline for Safety IDEA proposals is March 1, 2009. More
Online \[http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=7316\]
### Pedestrian Safety Prediction Methodology - Web-Only Document 129, Phase 3
The *National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only
Document 129, Phase 3: Pedestrian Safety Prediction Methodology*
explores development of improved pedestrian safety prediction models for
use in the Highway Safety Manual. Models are currently not available
that can help predict pedestrian crashes based on site-specific
conditions and operational characteristics of a roadway. The objective
of this Phase 3 work is to develop a methodology for quantifying the
pedestrian safety effects related to existing site characteristics
and/or proposed improvements on urban and suburban arterials. The scope
of this new work is similar to the scope of the work in Phases 1 and 2,
except the new work specifically addresses pedestrian safety. Online
\[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9255>\]
### Resources for Legal Issues Associated with Bus Maintenance
TRB\'s *Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Legal Research
Digest*
*26: Resources for Legal Issues Associated with Bus Maintenance*
explores current federal and state statutes, regulations, and guidance
related to bus maintenance. TCRP Legal Research Digest is sponsored by
FTA and conducted in the Transit Cooperative Research Program which is
administered by the Transportation Research Board. More Online
\[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9312>\]
### The Role of Transit in Emergency Evacuation, Special Report 294
*TRB Special Report 294: The Role of Transit in Emergency Evacuation*
explores the roles that transit systems can play in accommodating the
evacuation, egress, and ingress of people from or to critical locations
in times of emergency. The report focuses on major incidents that could
necessitate a partial to full evacuation of the central business
district or other large portion of an urban area. The study was
requested by Congress, funded by the FTA and the Transit Cooperative
Research Program, and conducted by a committee of experts under the
auspices of the Transportation Research Board (TRB). It is organized
around the four major elements of effective emergency
planning---mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
This report provides an overview of emergency planning in general and
evacuation planning in particular; highlights the factors that affect
the role of transit in an emergency evacuation and reports on the
findings of the committee\'s literature review. The study focus is on
the 38 largest urbanized areas, including the results of the
committee\'s plan assessment and case studies. The fifth and final
chapter summarizes the committee\'s judgment regarding the factors
critical to enhancing transit\'s role in emergency evacuation as well as
the limits on the use of transit. Recommendations and suggestions for
supporting research are included, along with action steps needed at the
federal, state, and local levels. Available Online
\[<http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr294.pdf>\]
### Urine Specimen Collection Guidelines for the U.S. Department of Transportation Workplace Drug Testing Programs (Revised - Effective August 25, 2008)
These guidelines are a complete revision of the December 1994 (last
revised in December 2006) DOT Urine Specimen Collection Procedures
Guidelines, 49 CFR Part 40, for Transportation Workplace Drug Testing
Programs. The guidelines contain all of the new requirements and
procedures contained in the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) rule
published in the Federal Register on December 19, 2000, effective August
1, 2001; in the Technical Amendments, published on August 9, 2001; in
the Interim Final rule, published on November 9, 2004; and in the Final
Rule, published on June 25, 2008, effective August 25, 2008. These
guidelines apply [only]{.underline} to employers and individuals who
come under the regulatory authority of the DOT and those individuals who
conduct urine specimen collections under DOT regulations. Online
\[<http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/order/singledoc.asp?docid=802>\]
## RESEARCH NEWS & INFORMATION
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc206471320 .anchor}**Conference: Meeting Federal
Surface Transportation Requirements in Statewide and Metropolitan
Transportation Planning**
TRB is sponsoring a conference on Meeting Federal Surface Transportation
Requirements in Statewide and Metropolitan Transportation Planning: A
Conference on September 3-5, 2008, in Atlanta, Georgia. The conference
will focus on planning issues in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible,
Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) and
examine issues such as incorporating safety into the planning process,
congestion management, statewide travel demand forecasting models,
environmental considerations, fiscal issue in planning, and climate
change. Advance registration expires August 5, 2008. MoreOnline
\[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=8541>\]
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc206471321 .anchor}**Downtown Seattle Transit
Tunnel**
*"The first time ever that trains and buses ran together in the
tunnel."* The newly retrofitted \[[Downtown Seattle Transit
Tunnel](http://www.seattletunnel.org/)\] reopened on schedule for
weekday bus service Monday, Sept. 24, 2007. Sound Transit light rail
trains will operate jointly with buses in the tunnel when the 13.9-mile
rail line begins operation between Downtown Seattle and the airport in
2009.
*2008-06-30 Update*. Sound Transit has contracted King County Metro
Transit to be the operator of Sound Transit\'s Link Light Rail,
scheduled to begin revenue operations in 2009. Metro has phased out the
dual-mode Breda buses that operated in the tunnel before its two-year
closure 2005-2007, the construction period in which Sound Transit
installed insulated rails for the light rail trains, removed the trolley
bus wires, and installed overhead power that will serve light rail.
Metro now operates *articulated diesel-electric hybrid buses i*n the
Downtown Seattle Tunnel at headways/frequencies *compatible with* the
coming intermixing of *two-car light rail trains* next year.
Sound Transit CEO reported in her \"CEO Report, June 27, 2008\" the
following: \"This week I have another milestone to report...we
successfully ran light rail trains and buses together in the tunnel.
This was ...the first time ever that trains and buses ran together in
the tunnel. The good news is the test showed that the system works very
well and trains and buses can both safely occupy the tunnel. Two light
rail trains and nine buses were used in Friday's test, which took about
90 minutes.\" [Sound Transit](http://www.soundtransit.org/x2592.xml)
Project Update \[http://www.soundtransit.org/x2592.xml\]
### New 15-Year Mass Transit Expansion Package Offers Rail Extensions
July 10, 2008. The Sound Transit Board today discussed a new 15-year
option for expanding mass transit. The new option calls for further
light rail extensions while delivering a series of significant sounder
commuter rail and ST Express regional bus service expansions between
2009 and 2023. "This package would achieve a 53-mile regional light rail
system by 2023 while focusing on moving quickly to launch major commuter
rail and regional express bus expansions," said Sound Transit Board
Chair and Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels. Online
\[http://www.soundtransit.org/x8353.xml\]
### Online TDM Encyclopedia
The *Online TDM Encyclopedia* is the world's most comprehensive
information resource concerning innovative transportation management
strategies. It describes dozens of Transportation Demand Management
(TDM) strategies and contains information on TDM planning, evaluation
and implementation. It has thousands of
[hyperlinks](http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm12.htm) that provide instant
access to more detailed information, including case studies and
reference documents. The Encyclopedia has an international perspective,
with ideas and examples from all over the world, including both
developed and developing countries. The Encyclopedia is created and
maintained by the [Victoria Transport Policy
Institute](http://www.vtpi.org/) (VTPI), an independent research
organization located in Victoria, British Columbia. Online
\[http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm12.htm\]
### Senate Press Release on ADA Amendments
The following is a press release from Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah who
along with Senator Harkin of Iowa have sponsored a bi-partisan bill to
overturn the Supreme Court\'s narrowing of the scope and application of
the
[ADA](http://specialedlaw.blogs.com/home/2008/06/action-needed-o.html).
Here is an un-annotated version of the pending bill. [Download
ada_restoration_bill.doc](http://specialedlaw.blogs.com/home/files/ada_restoration_bill.doc)
The bill has already passed the
[House](http://specialedlaw.blogs.com/home/2008/07/us-house-overwh.html).
The reforms in the bill would also apply to section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act. ADA Amendments Act Responds To Supreme Court
Decisions that Wrongly Narrowed Definition of Disability. Read more
about the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 and how it will restore the civil
rights of people with disabilities.
\[<http://specialedlaw.blogs.com/home/2008/08/senate-press-re.html>\]
See also
\[<http://jfactivist.typepad.com/jfactivist/2008/07/senate-ada-amen.html>\]
### TSA Expand Registered Traveler Program
The Transportation Security Administration announced recently that it is
opening the Registered Traveler program to any airport that wants to use
it, and is eliminating the \$28 fee it has charged to perform background
checks. But TSA also is distancing itself from the public-private
program, which uses biometric cards for identity verification to speed
members through airport security checkpoints. It is not considered a
meaningful part of the agency's security mandate. Registered Traveler
programs now are in operation in 19 U.S. airports. TSA will conclude the
third and final pilot phase of the program with publication early next
week of a notice in the Federal Register. More Online
\[http://www.gcn.com/online/vol1_no1/46735-1.html\]
### Vehicle Lift Accessories can be Certified
Vehicle lift accessories, like adapters, adapter extensions and rolling
jacks, enable technicians to perform more services on a greater range of
vehicles than they could with a standard lift. Like vehicle lifts
themselves, these accessories can be third-party certified to meet
ANSI/ALI ALCTV-2006 safety standards. In fact, the Automotive Lift
Institute (ALI) states that "the use of non-certified options or
accessories on a certified lift will void the certification of the
lift." Building codes for every U.S. state and much of Canada require
that all installed vehicle lifts be certified. More Online
\[<http://www.masstransitmag.com/publication/article.jsp?siteSection=1&id=6695>\]
**Workshop on Identifying Traveler Information Research Needs to Achieve
All Roads-All Modes-All The Time**
Workshop on Identifying Traveler Information Research Needs to Achieve
All Roads-All Modes-All the Time will be held on September 16-18, 2008,
in Irvine, California. The workshop is designed to examine traveler
information research and policy issues in terms of the goal of \"All
Roads-All Modes-All the Time.\" The workshop will bring together
traveler information researchers, policy makers, public and private
sector service providers, transport network managers, and modelers to
explore current knowledge and potential research needs. The mid-year
meeting of TRB\'s Intelligent Transportation Systems Committee will also
be held during this workshop. Early bird registration ends August 15,
2008. Online \[<http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9253>\]
## UNIVERSITIES
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc206471328 .anchor}**Is the U.S. on the Path to the
Lowest Motor Vehicle Fatalities in Decades?**\
The University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, July 2008
Trends in U.S. motor vehicle fatalities, gasoline sales, and distance
driven were examined
for 12 months from May 2007 through April 2008. The results show
substantial year-to-year reductions in motor vehicle fatalities during
this time period that cannot be fully
explained by the reductions in gasoline sales and distance driven. This
is especially the
case for the latest two months examined (March and April 2008). Here,
the reductions in
motor vehicle fatalities averaged 20%, while the reductions in gasoline
sales and distance
driven were in low single-digits. Consequently, it appears that a major
shift in driver
behavior might be occurring. More Online
\[<http://www.umich.edu/~umtriswt/publications.html>\]
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc206471329 .anchor}**Algorithms and
Software/Hardware Infrastructure for Distributed Miniature Robots --
Research in Progress**\
\[<http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=2007116>\]\
The development of large-scale robot teams has been prohibitive for a
number of reasons. The complexity of such systems has been hard to
simulate, especially in the case of a many to one relationship between a
marsupial robot and the robots it can deploy. However, there are
scenarios in which large scale distributed teams are advantageous such
as urban search and rescue, biological or chemical release monitoring,
or distributed surveillance and reconnaissance. This project will pursue
research into a hardware/software infrastructure to improve robotic
response capabilities in the case of robot teams and proposes some
innovative robot designs that depart from the shape and functionality
constraints of the initial platform.\
Start date: 2007/5/15 End date: 2010/4/30 Status: Active\
See Also \[<http://rip.trb.org/browse/dproject.asp?n=18519>\]
### Guidelines and Performance Measures to Incorporate Transit and Other Multimodal Considerations into the FDOT DRI Review Process
The National Center for Transit Research at the University of South
Florida has released a report that explores incorporating transit and
other multimodal strategies in the development of regional impact (DRI)
review process. This report supplements the instructions for performing
DRI reviews in the "Site Impact Handbook." More Online
\[<http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/77703.pdf>\]
| en |
converted_docs | 320189 | **CALL REPORT VENDOR SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS**
**[VALIDITY EDITS: June 30, 2002]{.underline}**
**(Federal Reserve Board and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)**
**(May 31, 2002, Revised June 11, 2002)**
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
------- ----- ------------ ------------------------------------------ ------
0002 F & D As-of-Date As-of Date must be numeric and in YYMMDD \- - -
format; month and day combination must =
0331, 0630, 0930, or 1231
0110 F RI-1a3 Sum of (RI-1a1a through RI-1a2) must = +- 4
RI-1a3
0110 D RI-1a6 Sum of (RI-1a1 through RI-1a5) must = +- 3
RI-1a6
0130 F RI-1h Sum of (RI-1a3 through RI-1g) must = RI-1h +- 4
0130 D RI-1h Sum of (RI-1a6 through RI-1g) must = RI-1h +- 4
0150 F RI-2e Sum of (RI-2a1a through RI-2d) must = +- 4
RI-2e
0150 D RI-2e Sum of (RI-2a1 through RI-2d) must = RI-2e +- 3
0170 F & D RI-3 (RI-1h minus RI-2e) must = RI-3 +- 1
0190 F & D RI-5m Sum of (RI-5a through RI-5*l*) must = +- 6
RI-5m
0210 F & D RI-7e Sum of (RI-7a through RI-7d) must = RI-7e +- 2
0230 F & D RI-8 (RI-3 + RI-5m + RI-6a + RI-6b) minus +- 3
(RI-4 + RI-7e) must = RI-8
0250 F & D RI-10 (RI-8 minus RI-9) must = RI-10 +- 1
0270 F & D RI-12 (RI-10 + RI-11) must = RI-12 +- 1
0330 F RI-Mem3 RI-Mem3 must \<= (RI-1a1f + RI-1b) \- - -
------- ----- ------------ ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0330 | D | RI | RI-Mem3 must \<= (RI-1a5 + RI-1b) | \- - |
| | | -Mem3 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0350 | F | RI | RI-Mem4 must \<= RI-1d3 | \- - |
| | & | -Mem4 | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0390 | D | RI | RI-Mem6 must \<= RI-1a5 | \- - |
| | | -Mem6 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0410 | F | RI- | If sum of (RI-Mem8a through RI-Mem8d) | +- 2 |
| | & | Mem8d | not= zero, then sum of | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | (RI-Mem8a through RI-Mem8d) must = | |
| | | | RI-5c | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0450 | F | RI- | RI-Mem11 must be actual and must equal | \- - |
| | & | Mem11 | "1" (yes) or "0" (no) | - |
| | D | | | |
| | | (Riad | | |
| | | A530) | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | Riada530 ne null and (riada530 eq 1 or | |
| | | | riada530 eq 0) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0500 | F | RI-A3 | (RI-A1 + RI-A2) must = RI-A3 | +- 1 |
| | & | | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0515 | F | RI-12 | RI-A4 must = RI-12 | \- - |
| [^1] | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0530 | F | R | (RI-A3 + RI-A4 + RI-A5 + RI-A6 + | +- 4 |
| | & | I-A12 | RI-A7 + RI-A10 + RI-A11) minus (RI-A8 + | |
| | D | | RI-A9) must = RI-A12 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0600 | F | RI | Sum of (RI-BI1aA through RI-BI8bA) must | +- 9 |
| | | -BI9A | = RI-BI9A | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0600 | D | RI | Sum of (RI-BI1aA through RI-BI8A) must | +- 6 |
| | | -BI9A | = RI-BI9A | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0620 | F | RI | Sum of (RI-BI1aB through RI-BI8bB) must | +- 9 |
| | | -BI9B | = RI-BI9B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0660 | F | RI- | RI-BIM1B must \< = (RI-BI4aB + | \- - |
| | | BIM1B | RI-BI4bB + RI-BI7B) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0660 | D | RI- | RI-BIM1B must \<= (RI-BI4B + RI-BI7B) | \- - |
| | | BIM1B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0680 | F | RI- | RI-BIM2A must \<= sum of (RI-BI1aA | \- - |
| | | BIM2A | through RI-BI1fA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 0680 | D | RI-B | RI-BIM2aA must \<= sum of (RI-BI1aA | \- - |
| | | IM2aA | through RI-BI1eA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
0700 F RI-BIM2B RI-BIM2B must \<= sum of (RI-BI1aB through \- - -
RI-BI1fB
0700 D RI-BIM2aB RI-BIM2aB must \<= sum of (RI-BI1aB \- - -
through RI-BI1eB
0720 D RI-BIM2bA RI-BIM2bA must \<= RI-BI2A \- - -
0740 D RI-BIM2bB RI-BIM2bB must \<= RI-BI2B \- - -
0760 D RI-BIM2cA RI-BIM2cA must \<= RI-BI4A \- - -
0780 D RI-BIM2cB RI-BIM2cB must \<= RI-BI4B \- - -
0800 D RI-BIM2dA RI-BIM2dA must \<= RI-BI8A \- - -
0820 D RI-BIM2dB RI-BIM2dB must \<= RI-BI8B \- - -
0840 D RI-BIM3A RI-BIM3A must \<= RI-BI7A \- - -
0860 D RI-BIM3B RI-BIM3B must \<= RI-BI7B \- - -
1005^3^ F & D RI-BI9B RI-BII2 must = RI-BI9B \- - -
1015 F & D RI-BII3 RI-BII3 must = (RI-BI9A minus RI-BII4) +- 1
1025^3^ F & D RI-4 RI-BII5 must = RI-4 \- - -
1040 F & D RI-BII7 (RI-BII1 + RI-BII2 + RI-BII5 + RI-BII6) +- 3
minus (RI-BII3 + RI-BII4) must = RI-BII7
1100 F RI-D2 (RI-D1a minus RI-D1b) must = RI-D2 +- 1
--------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 1120 | F | R | RI-D3a minus (RI-D3b + RI-D3c) must = | +- 1 |
| | | I-D3d | RI-D3d | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 1140 | F | RI-D4 | (RI-D2 + RI-D3d) must = RI-D4 | +- 1 |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 1160 | F | RI-D6 | (RI-D4 + RI-D5) must = RI-D6 | +- 1 |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 1180 | F | RI-D8 | (RI-D6 minus RI-D7) must = RI-D8 | +- 1 |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2005 | F | RC-4c | RC-4c must = RI-BII7 | +- 1 |
| [^2] | & | | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2020 | F | RC-4d | (RC-4b minus RC-4c) must = RC-4d | +- 1 |
| | & | | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2040 | F | RC-12 | Sum of (RC-1a through RC-4a and RC-4d | +- 8 |
| | & | | through RC-11) must = | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-12 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2060 | F | R | (RC-13a1 + RC-13a2) must = RC-13a | +- 1 |
| | & | C-13a | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2080 | F | R | (RC-13b1 + RC-13b2) must = RC-13b | +- 1 |
| | | C-13b | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2100 | F | RC-21 | (RC-13a + RC-13b + RC-14a through | +- 5 |
| | | | RC-20) must = RC-21 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2100 | D | RC-21 | (RC-13a + RC-14a through RC-20) must = | +- 4 |
| | | | RC-21 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2120 | F | RC-28 | Sum of (RC-23 through RC-27) must = | +- 3 |
| | & | | RC-28 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 212 | F | RC-28 | RC-28 must = RI-A12 | +- 1 |
| 5^4^ | & | | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2140 | F | RC-29 | (RC-21 + RC-22 + RC-28) must = RC-29 | +- 1 |
| | & | | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2145 | F | RC-29 | RC-29 must equal RC-12 | \- - |
| | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2200 | F | R | (RC-A1aB + RC-A1bB) must \<= RC-A1A | \- - |
| | | C-A1A | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- -------- ------------------------------------------ ------
2220 F RC-A2B RC-A2B must \<= (RC-A2aA + RC-A2bA) \- - -
2240 F RC-A3B RC-A3B must \<= (RC-A3aA + RC-A3bA) \- - -
2260 F RC-A4B RC-A4B must \<= RC-A4A \- - -
2280 D RC-A5 If RC-12 (previous June) is \>= \$300 +- 3
million (Wcode = 8 or 9), then sum of
(RC-A1a through RC-A4) must = RC-A5
2280 F RC-A5A Sum of (RC-A1A through RC-A4A) must = +- 3
RC-A5A
2300 D RC-A5 If RC-12 (previous June) is \>= \$300 +- 1
million (Wcode = 8 or 9), then RC-A5 must
= (RC-1a + RC-1b)
2300 F RC-A5A RC-A5A must = (RC-1a + RC-1b) +- 1
2320 F RC-A5B Sum of (RC-A1aB through RC-A4B) must = +- 2
RC-A5B
2325 F RC-A5B RC-A5B must \<= RC-A5A \- - -
2500 F & D RC-2a Sum of (RC-B1A through RC-B6bA) must = +- 9
RC-B8A
2505^3^ F & D RC-2a RC-B8A must = RC-2a \- - -
2530 F & D RC-B8B Sum of (RC-B1B through RC-B6bB) must = +- 9
RC-B8B
2550 F & D RC-B8C Sum of (RC-B1C through RC-B7C) must = +- 9
RC-B8C
2570 F & D RC-2b Sum of (RC-B1D through RC-B7D) must = +- 9
RC-B8D
2575^3^ F & D RC-2b RC-B8D must = RC-2b \- - -
2610 F & D RC-BM1 RC-BM1 must \<= (RC-2a + RC-2b) \- - -
--------- ----- -------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2620 | F | RC- | If RC-N9C = 0, then the sum of | +- |
| | & | BM2b6 | (RC-BM2a1 through RC-BM2b6) | 10 |
| | D | | | |
| | | Rcfd | must = sum of (RC-B1A through RC-B4a3A, | |
| | | /Rcon | RC-B5aA through | |
| | | A560 | | |
| | | | RC-B6bA, RC-B1D through RC-B4a3D, and | |
| | | | RC-B5aD through | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-B6bD) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If rcfd3507 eq 0 then (rcfda549 + | |
| | | | rcfda550 + rcfda551 + rcfda552 + | |
| | | | rcfda553 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfda554 + rcfda555 + rcfda556 + | |
| | | | rcfda557 + rcfda558 + rcfda559 + | |
| | | | rcfda560) eq | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (rcfd0211 + rcfd1289 + rcfd1294 + | |
| | | | rcfd8496 + rcfd1698 + rcfd1703 + | |
| | | | rcfd1709 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfdb838 + rcfdb842 + rcfdb846 + | |
| | | | rcfdb850 + rcfdb854 + rcfdb858 + | |
| | | | rcfd1737 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd1742 + rcfd1287 + rcfd1293 + | |
| | | | rcfd1298 + rcfd8499 + rcfd1702 + | |
| | | | rcfd1707 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd1713 + rcfdb841 + rcfdb845 + | |
| | | | rcfdb849 + rcfdb853 + rcfdb857 + | |
| | | | rcfdb861 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd1741 + rcfd1746) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (Note: same for 041 using "rcon") | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2621 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-BM2b1 through RC-BM2b6) must | |
| | & | BM2b6 | \<= sum of (RC-B4a1A, RC-B4a2A, | |
| | D | | RC-B4a3A, RC-B4a1D, RC-B4a2D, and | |
| | | Rcfd | RC-B4a3D) plus \$10 thousand) | |
| | | /Rcon | | |
| | | A560 | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | (rcfda555 + rcfda556 + rcfda557 + | |
| | | | rcfda558 + rcfda559 + rcfda560) le | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (rcfd1698 + rcfd1703 + rcfd1709 + | |
| | | | rcfd1702 + rcfd1707 + rcfd1713 + 10) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (Note: same for 041 using "rcon") | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2625 | F | RC- | If RC-N9C = 0, then the sum of | +- |
| | & | BM2c2 | (RC-BM2c1 and RC-BM2c2 must = sum of | 10 |
| | D | | (RC-B4b1A through RC-B4b3A and RC-B4b1D | |
| | | Rcfd | through | |
| | | /Rcon | | |
| | | A562 | RC-B4b3D) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If rcfd3507 eq 0 then (rcfda561 + | |
| | | | rcfda562) eq (rcfd1714 + rcfd1718 + | |
| | | | rcfd1733 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd1717 + rcfd1732 + rcfd1736) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (Note: same for 041 using "rcon") | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2630 | F | RC | RC-BM2d must \<= sum of (RC-BM2a1 | \- - |
| | & | -BM2d | through RC-BM2c2) | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2650 | F | RC | RC-BM4a must \<= sum of (RC-B2aA | \- - |
| | & | -BM4a | through RC-B3A, RC-B5aA through | - |
| | D | | RC-B6bA, RC-B2aC through RC-B3C, and | |
| | | | RC-B5aC through RC-B6bC) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 2670 | F | RC | RC-BM4b must \<= sum of (RC-B2aB | \- - |
| | & | -BM4b | through RC-B3B, RC-B5aB through | - |
| | D | | RC-B6bB, RC-B2aD through RC-B3D, and | |
| | | | RC-B5aD through RC-B6bD) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3000 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-CI1aB through RC-CI1eB) must | \- - |
| | | CI1eB | \<= RC-CI1A | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3010 | D | RC | If RC-12 (previous June) \>= \$300 | +- 2 |
| | | -CI2B | million (Wcode = 8 or 9), then sum of | |
| | | | (RC-CI2a1A through RC-CI2c2A) must = | |
| | | | RC-CI2B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3020 | F | RC- | RC-CI2aB must \<= (RC-CI2a1A + | \- - |
| | | CI2aB | RC-CI2a2A) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3040 | F | RC- | RC-CI2bB must \<= RC-CI2Ba | \- - |
| | | CI2bB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3080 | F | RC | RC-CI3B must \<= RC-CI3A | \ |
| | | -CI3B | | -\-- |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3090 | D | RC | If RC-12 (previous June) \>= \$300 | +- 1 |
| | | -CI4B | million (Wcode = 8 or 9), then | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (RC-CI4aA + CI4bA) must = RC-CI4B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3100 | F | RC- | RC-CI4aB must \<= RC-CI4aA | \- - |
| | | CI4aB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3120 | F | RC- | RC-CI4bB must \<= RC-CI4bA | \- - |
| | | CI4bB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3140 | F | RC- | RC-CI6aB must \<= RC-CI6aA | \- - |
| | | CI6aB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3160 | F | RC- | RC-CI6bB must \<= RC-CI6bA | \- - |
| | | CI6bB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3180 | F | RC- | RC-CI6cB must \<= RC-CI6cA | \- - |
| | | CI6cB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3200 | F | RC | RC-CI7B must \<= RC-CI7A | \- - |
| | | -CI7B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3220 | F | RC | RC-CI8B must \<= RC-CI8A | \- - |
| | | -CI8B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3230 | D | RC | If RC-12 (previous June) \>= \$300 | +- 1 |
| | | -CI9B | million (WCode = 8 or 9), then | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (RC-CI9aA + RC-CI9bA) must = RC-CI9B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3240 | F | RC- | (RC-CI9aB + RC-CI9bB) must \<= RC-CI9A | \- - |
| | | CI9bB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3250 | D | RC- | If RC-12 (previous June) \>= \$300 | +- 1 |
| | | CI10B | million (Wcode = 8 or 9), then | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (RC-CI10aA + RC-CI10bA) must = RC-CI10B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3260 | F | RC- | RC-CI10B must \<= (RC-CI10aA + | \- - |
| | | CI10B | RC-CI10bA) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3280 | F | RC- | RC-CI11B must \<= RC-CI11A | \- - |
| | | CI11B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3300 | F | RC- | RC-CI12A must = (RC-4a + RC-4b) | +- 1 |
| | | CI12A | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3300 | D | RC- | RC-CI12B must = (RC-4a + RC-4b) | +- 1 |
| | | CI12B | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3320 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-CI1A through RC-CI10bA) | +- 8 |
| | | CI12A | minus RC-CI11A must = | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI12A | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3340 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-CI1aB through RC-CI10B) | +- 9 |
| | & | CI12B | minus RC-CI11B must = | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-CI12B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3380 | F | RC | RC-CIM1 must \<= (RC-CI12A + RC-CI11A) | \- - |
| | | -CIM1 | minus (RC-CI1c1B + RC-CI1c2aB + | - |
| | | | RC-CI1c2bB + RC-CI6aA + RC-CI6bA + | |
| | | | RC-CI6cA) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3380 | D | RC | RC-CIM1 must \<= (RC-CI12B + RC-CI11B) | \- - |
| | | -CIM1 | minus (RC-CI1c1B + RC-CI1c2aB + | - |
| | | | RC-CI1c2bB + RC-CI6aB + RC-CI6bB + | |
| | | | RC-CI6cB) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3390 | F | RC-C | Sum of (RC-CIM2a1 through RC-CIM2a6 and | +- 4 |
| | & | IM2a6 | RC-N1c2aC) must = RC-CI1c2aB | |
| | D | | | |
| | | (Rcon | | |
| | | A569) | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | (rcona564 + rcona565 + rcona566 + | |
| | | | rcona567 + rcona568 + rcona569 + | |
| | | | rconc229) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | eq rcon5367 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3395 | F | RC-C | Sum of (RC-CIM2b1 through RC-CIM2b6 and | +- |
| | | IM2b6 | RC-N1aC through | 10 |
| | | | | |
| | | (Rcfd | RC-N8bC minus RC-N1c2aC) must = sum of | |
| | | A575) | (RC-CI1A through | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI10bA minus RC-CI1c2aB) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | (rcfda570 + rcfda571 + rcfda572 + | |
| | | | rcfda573 + rcfda574 + rcfda575 + | |
| | | | rcon3492 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcon3495 + rcon5400 + rconc229 + | |
| | | | rconc230 + rcon3501 + rcon3504 + | |
| | | | rcfnb574 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd5379 + rcfd5382 + rcfd1583 + | |
| | | | rcfd1253 + rcfd1256 + rcfdb577 + | |
| | | | rcfdb580 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd5391 + rcfd5461 + rcfd1259 + | |
| | | | rcfd1791 -- rconc229) eq (rcfd1410 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfdb532 + rcfdb533 + rcfdb534 + | |
| | | | rcfdb536 + rcfdb537 + rcfd1590 + | |
| | | | rcfd1763 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd1764 + rcfdb538 + rcfdb539 + | |
| | | | rcfd2011 + rcfd2081 + rcfd2107 + | |
| | | | rcfd1563 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfd2182 + rcfd2183 -- rcon5367) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3395 | D | RC-C | Sum of (RC-CIM2b1 through RC-CIM2b6 and | +- |
| | | IM2b6 | RC-N1aC through | 10 |
| | | | | |
| | | (Rcon | RC-N8C minus RC-N1c2aC) must = sum of | |
| | | A575) | (RC-CI1aB through | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI10B minus RC-CI1c2aB) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | (rcona570 + rcona571 + rcona572 + | |
| | | | rcona573 + rcona574 + rcona575 + | |
| | | | rcon3492 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcon3495 + rcon5400 + rconc229 + | |
| | | | rconc230 + rcon3501 + rcon3504 + | |
| | | | rconb836 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcon1608 + rconb577 + rconb580 + | |
| | | | rcon5391 + rcon5461 + rcon1228 -- | |
| | | | rconc229) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | eq (rcon1415 + rcon1420 + rcon1797 + | |
| | | | rcon5367 + rcon5368 + rcon1460 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcon1480 + rcon1288 + rcon1590 + | |
| | | | rcon1766 + rconb538 + rconb539 + | |
| | | | rcon2011 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcon2081 + rcon2107 + rcon1563 + | |
| | | | rcon2165 -- rcon5367) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3400 | F | RC- | RC-CIM2c must be less than or equal to | \- - |
| | & | CIM2c | the sum of RC-CIM2a1 through RC-CIM2b6 | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3420 | F | RC | RC-CIM3 must be less than or equal to | |
| | | -CIM3 | the sum of RC-CI4aA, RC-CI4bA, and | |
| | | | RC-CI9A | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3460 | F | RC | RC-CIM4 must be less than or equal to | \- - |
| | & | -CIM4 | RC-CI1c2aB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3480 | F | RC | RC-CIM5 must \<= RC-CI1A | \- - |
| | | -CIM5 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3480 | D | RC | RC-CIM5 must \<= Sum of (RC-CI1aB | \- - |
| | | -CIM5 | through RC-CI1eB) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3750 | F | RC | (JUNE) RC-CII1 must be actual and must | \- - |
| | & | -CII1 | equal "1" (yes) or "0" (no) | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If mm-q1 = 06 then rcon6999 ne null and | |
| | | | (rcon6999 eq 1 or rcon6999 eq 0) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3800 | F | RC-C | (JUNE) Sum of (RC-CII3aB through | \- - |
| | & | II3cB | RC-CII3cB) must \<= RC-CI1eB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3820 | F | RC-C | (JUNE) Sum of (RC-CII4aB through | \- - |
| | | II4cB | RC-CII4cB) must \<= RC-CI4aB | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3820 | D | RC-C | (JUNE) If RC-CI4aA \> 0, then Sum of | \- - |
| | | II4cB | (RC-CII4aB through | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CII4cB) must \<= RC-CI4aA | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3830 | D | RC-C | (JUNE) If RC-CI4aA = 0, then Sum of | \- - |
| | | II4cB | (RC-CII4aB through | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CII4cB) must \<= RC-CI4B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3840 | F | RC | (JUNE) RC-CII5 must be actual and must | \- - |
| | & | -CII5 | equal "1" (yes) or "0" (no) | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If mm-q1 = 06 then rcon6860 ne null and | |
| | | | (rcon6860 eq 1 or rcon6860 eq 0) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3850 | F | RC-C | (JUNE) Sum of (RC-CII7aB through | \- - |
| | & | II7cB | RC-CII7cB) must \<= RC-CI1bB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 3870 | F | RC-C | (JUNE) Sum of (RC-CII8aB through | \- - |
| | & | II8cB | RC-CII8cB) must \<= RC-CI3B | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
4000 F RC-D12 If the sum of (RC-D1 through RC-D11b) \> +- 5
0, then Sum of (RC-D1 through RC-D11b)
must = RC-D12
4000 D RC-D12 If the sum of (RC-D1 through RC-D11) \> 0, +- 4
then Sum of (RC-D1 through RC-D11) must =
RC-D12
4015^3^ F & D RC-5 RC-D12 must = RC-5 \- - -
4030 F & D RC-D15 If (RC-D13 + RC-D14) \> 0, then (RC-D13 + +- 1
RC-D14) must = RC-D15
4045^3^ F & D RC-15 RC-D15 must = RC-15 \- - -
4200 F RC-EI7A Sum of (RC-EI1A through RC-EI6A) must = +- 3
RC-EI7A
4200 D RC-E7A Sum of (RC-E1A through RC-E6A) must = +- 3
RC-E7A
4220 F RC-EI7B RC-EI7B must \<= RC-EI7A \- - -
4220 D RC-E7B RC-E7B must \<= RC-E7A \- - -
4240 F RC-EI7C Sum of (RC-EI1C through RC-EI6C) must = +- 3
RC-EI7C
4240 D RC-E7C Sum of (RC-E1C through RC-E6C) must = +- 3
RC-E7C
4260 F RC-EI7C (RC-EI7A + RC-EI7C) must = RC-13a +- 1
4260 D RC-E7C (RC-E7A + RC-E7C) must = RC-13a +- 1
4280 F RC-EIM1a RC-EIM1a must \<= (RC-EI1A + RC-EI1C) \- - -
4280 D RC-EM1a RC-EM1a must \<= (RC-E1A + RC-E1C) \- - -
4300 F RC-EIM1c2 (RC-EIM1c1 + RC-EIM1c2) must \<= RC-EIM1b \- - -
--------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
4300 D RC-EM1c2 (RC-EM1c1 + RC-EM1c2) must \<= RC-EM1b \- - -
4320 F RC-EIM1d1 RC-EIM1d1 must \<= RC-EIM1c1 \- - -
4320 D RC-EM1d1 RC-EM1d1 must \<= RC-EM1c1 \- - -
4340 F RC-EIM1d2 RC-EIM1d2 must \<= (RC-EIM1b minus \- - -
RC-EIM1c1)
4340 D RC-EM1d2 RC-EM1d2 must \<= (RC-EM1b minus RC-EM1c1) \- - -
4360 F RC-EIM2c If RC-EIM2c \> 0, then RC-EIM2c must be \- - -
\>= \$100 thousand
4360 D RC-EM2c If RC-EM2c \> 0, then RC-EM2c must be \>= \- - -
\$100 thousand
4380 F RC-EIM2c Sum of (RC-EIM2a1 through RC-EIM2c) must = +- 2
RC-EI7C
4380 D RC-EM2c Sum of (RC-EM2a1 through RC-EM2c) must = +- 2
RC-E7C
4400 F RC-EIM3a4 Sum of (RC-EIM3a1 through RC-EIM3a4) must +- 2
= RC-EIM2b
4400 D RC-EM3a4 Sum of (RC-EM3a1 through RC-EM3a4) must = +- 2
RC-EM2b
4420 F RC-EIM3b RC-EIM3b must \<= Sum of (RC-EIM3a1 \- - -
through RC-EIM3a4)
4420 D RC-EM3b RC-EM3b must \<= Sum of (RC-EM3a1 through \- - -
RC-EM3a4)
4440 F RC-EIM4a4 Sum of (RC-EIM4a1 through RC-EIM4a4) must +- 2
= RC-EIM2c
4440 D RC-EM4a4 Sum of (RC-EM4a1 through RC-EM4a4) must = +- 2
RC-EM2c
4460 F RC-EIM4b RC-EIM4b must \<= Sum of (RC-EIM4a1 \- - -
through RC-EIM4a4
4460 D RC-EM4b RC-EM4b must \<= Sum of (RC-EM4a1 through \- - -
RC-EM4a4
------- ----- ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4480 | F | RC-E | If value reported for any item | \- - |
| | | IM4a1 | (RC-EIM4a1 through RC-EIM4b) \> 0, then | - |
| | | | value must \>= \$100 thousand | |
| | | th | | |
| | | rough | | |
| | | | | |
| | | RC- | | |
| | | EIM4b | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4480 | D | RC- | If value reported for any item | \- - |
| | | EM4a1 | (RC-EM4a1 through RC-EM4b) \> 0, then | - |
| | | | value must \>= \$100 thousand | |
| | | th | | |
| | | rough | | |
| | | | | |
| | | RC | | |
| | | -EM4b | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4520 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-EII1 through RC-EII5) must = | +- 2 |
| | | -EII6 | RC-EII6 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 453 | F | R | RC-EII6 must = RC-13b | \- - |
| 5^3^ | | C-13b | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4560 | F | RC- | RC-EIIM1 must \<= RC-EII6 | \- - |
| | | EIIM1 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4620 | F | R | Sum of (RC-F5a through RC-F5g) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | C-F5g | RC-F5 | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4630 | F | R | Sum of (RC-F1 through RC-F5) must = | +- 3 |
| | & | C-F5g | RC-F6 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 463 | F | RC-11 | RC-F6 must = RC-11 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4720 | F | R | Sum of (RC-G4a through RC-G4g) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | C-G4g | RC-G4 | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4730 | F | RC-G5 | Sum of (RC-G1a through RC-G4) must = | +- 2 |
| | & | | RC-G5 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 473 | F | RC-20 | RC-G5 must = RC-20 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4800 | F | RC-H1 | RC-H1 must \<= RC-9 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4810 | F | RC-H2 | RC-H2 must \<= RC-18 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4820 | F | RC-H3 | RC-H3 must \<= RC-3b | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4830 | F | RC-H4 | RC-H4 must be \<= RC-14b | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4840 | F | RC-H5 | RC-H5 must \<= RC-16 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4850 | F | RC-H7 | If RC-H7 \> 0, then RC-H6 must = 0 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4860 | F | RC-H7 | If RC-H6 \> 0, then RC-H7 must = 0 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4870 | F | RC-H8 | (RC-H6 + RC-H8) must \<= RC-12 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4880 | F | RC-H9 | (RC-H7 + RC-H9) must \<= RC-21 | \- - |
| | | | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4885 | F | RC-H9 | (RC-H7 + RC-H9) must \<= (RC-H6 + | \- - |
| | | | RC-H8) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4890 | F | R | RC-H10 must \<= (RC-B1A + RC-B1C) | \- - |
| | | C-H10 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4900 | F | R | RC-H11 must \<= (RC-B2aA + RC-B2bA + | \- - |
| | | C-H11 | RC-B2aC + RC-B2bC) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4910 | F | R | RC-H12 must \<= (RC-B3A + RC-B3C) | \- - |
| | | C-H12 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4920 | F | RC- | RC-H13a1 must \<= (RC-B4a1A + | \- - |
| | | H13a1 | RC-B4a2A + RC-B4a1C + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-B4a2C) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4930 | F | RC- | RC-H13a2 must \<= (RC-B4a3A + RC-B4a3C) | \- - |
| | | H13a2 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4940 | F | RC- | RC-H13b1 must \<= (RC-B4b1A + RC-B4b1C) | \- - |
| | | H13b1 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4950 | F | RC- | RC-H13b2 must \<= (RC-B4b2A + | \- - |
| | | H13b2 | RC-B4b3A + RC-B4b2C + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-B4b3C) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4960 | F | R | (RC-H14 + RC-H15) must \<= Sum of | \- - |
| | | C-H15 | (RC-B5aA through RC-B6bA + RC-B5aC | - |
| | | | through RC-B6bC) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4970 | F | R | RC-H16 must \<= RC-B7C | \- - |
| | | C-H16 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4980 | F | R | Sum of (RC-H10 through RC-H16) must = | +- 5 |
| | | C-H17 | RC-H17 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 4982 | F | R | RC-H17 must \<= (RC-2a + RC-B8C) | \- - |
| | | C-H17 | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5020 | F | RC-I1 | For Respondents with IBFs (WCode = 1 or | \- - |
| [^3] | | | 3), (RC-H8 + RC-I1) must \<= RC-12 | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 503 | F | RC-I2 | For Respondents with IBFs (WCode = 1 or | \- - |
| 0^1^ | | | 3), (RC-H9 + RC-I2) must \<= RC-21 | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5100 | F | R | RC-L2a must \<= RC-L2 | \- - |
| | & | C-L2a | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5120 | F | R | RC-L3a must \<= RC-L3 | \- - |
| | & | C-L3a | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5140 | F | R | Sum of (RC-L9a through RC-L9e) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | C-L9e | RC-L9 | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5160 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-L10a through RC-L10e) must | \- - |
| | & | -L10e | \<= RC-L10 | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5180 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-L12aA through RC-L12eA) must | +- 4 |
| | & | -L14A | = (RC-L13A + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-L14A) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5200 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-L12aB through RC-L12eB) must | +- 4 |
| | & | -L14B | = (RC-L13B + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-L14B) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5220 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-L12aC through RC-L12eC) must | +- 4 |
| | & | -L14C | = (RC-L13C + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-L14C) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5240 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-L12aD through RC-L12eD) must | +- 4 |
| | & | -L14D | = (RC-L13D + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-L14D) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5250 | F | RC- | RC-L14aA must \<= RC-L12eA | \- - |
| | & | L14aA | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5260 | F | RC- | RC-L14aA must \<= RC-L14A | \- - |
| | & | L14aA | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5400 | F | R | (RC-M2a + RC-M2b + RC-M2c) must = | +- 1 |
| | & | C-10b | RC-M2d | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 541 | F | R | RC-M2d must = RC-10b | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | C-10b | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5430 | F | R | Sum of (RC-M3a through RC-M3b6) must = | +- 3 |
| | | C-M3c | RC-M3c | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5430 | D | R | Sum of (RC-M3a through RC-M3b5) must = | +- 3 |
| | | C-M3c | RC-M3c | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 544 | F | RC-7 | RC-M3c must = RC-7 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5460 | F | R | (RC-M4a + RC-M4b) must = RC-M4c | +- 1 |
| | & | C-M4c | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 547 | F | RC-8 | RC-M4c must = RC-8 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5490 | F | R | Sum of (RC-M5a1 through RC-M5b3) must = | +- 3 |
| | & | C-M5c | RC-M5c | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 550 | F | RC-16 | RC-M5c must = RC-16 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5540 | F | RC-M6 | RC-M6 must be actual and must = "1" | \- - |
| | & | | (yes) or "0" (no) | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5600 | F | RC | (RC-N1aA + RC-N1aB + RC-N1aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | -N1aC | RC-CI1aB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5620 | F | RC | (RC-N1bA + RC-N1bB + RC-N1bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | -N1bC | RC-CI1bB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5640 | F | RC- | (RC-N1c1A + RC-N1c1B + RC-N1c1C) must | \- - |
| | & | N1c1C | \<= RC-CI1c1B | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5660 | F | RC-N | (RC-N1c2aA + RC-N1c2aB + RC-N1c2aC) | \- - |
| | & | 1c2aC | must \<= RC-CI1c2aB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5662 | F | RC-N | Sum of (RC-CIM2a1 through RC-CIM2a6 + | +- 4 |
| | & | 1c2aC | RC-N1c2aC) must = | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-CI1c2aB **DELETE** | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5664 | F | RC-N | Sum of (RC-CIM2b1 through RC-CIM2b6 + | +- |
| | | 1c2aC | RC-N1aC through | 10 |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-N8bC minus RC-N1c2aC) must = Sum of | |
| | | | (RC-CI1A through | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI10bA minus RC-CI1c2aB **DELETE** | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5664 | D | RC-N | Sum of (RC-CIM2b1 through RC-CIM2b6 + | +- |
| | | 1c2aC | RC-N1aC through | 10 |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-N8C minus RC-N1c2aC) must = Sum of | |
| | | | (RC-CI1aB through | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI10B minus RC-CI1c2aB **DELETE** | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5670 | F | RC-N | (RC-N1c2bA + RC-N1c2bB + RC-N1c2bC) | \- - |
| | & | 1c2bC | must \<= RC-CI1c2bB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5680 | F | RC | (RC-N1dA + RC-N1dB + RC-N1dC) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | -N1dC | RC-CI1dB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5700 | F | RC | (RC-N1eA + RC-N1eB + RC-N1eC) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | -N1eC | RC-CI1eB | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5720 | F | RC | (RC-N1fA + RC-N1fB + RC-N1fC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N1fC | ((RC-CI1A) minus the sum of RC-CI1aB | - |
| | | | through RC-CI1eB) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5740 | D | R | (RC-N2A + RC-N2B + RC-N2C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N2C | RC-CI2B | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5760 | F | RC | (RC-N2aA + RC-N2aB + RC-N2aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N2aC | (RC-CI2a2A + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI2bA + RC-CI2c1A) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5780 | F | RC | (RC-N2bA + RC-N2bB + RC-N2bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N2bC | (RC-CI2a1A + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI2c2A) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5800 | F | R | (RC-N3A + RC-N3B + RC-N3C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N3C | RC-CI3A | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5820 | D | R | (RC-N4A + RC-N4B + RC-N4C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N4C | RC-CI4B | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5840 | F | RC | (RC-N4aA + RC-N4aB + RC-N4aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N4aC | RC-CI4aA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5860 | F | RC | (RC-N4bA + RC-N4bB + RC-N4bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N4bC | RC-CI4bA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5880 | F | RC | (RC-N5aA + RC-N5aB + RC-N5aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N5aC | RC-CI6aA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5880 | D | RC | (RC-N5aA + RC-N5aB + RC-N5aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N5aC | RC-CI6aB | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5900 | F | RC | (RC-N5bA + RC-N5bB + RC-N5bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N5bC | (RC-CI6bA + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI6cA) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5900 | D | RC | (RC-N5bA + RC-N5bB + RC-N5bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N5bC | (RC-CI6bB + | - |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CI6cB) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5920 | F | R | (RC-N6A + RC-N6B + RC-N6C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N6C | RC-CI7A | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5920 | D | R | (RC-N6A + RC-N6B + RC-N6C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N6C | RC-CI7B | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5940 | F | R | (RC-N7A + RC-N7B + RC-N7C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N7C | (RC-CI8A + RC-CI9A) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5940 | D | R | (RC-N7A + RC-N7B + RC-N7C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N7C | (RC-CI3B + RC-CI8B + RC-CI9B) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5960 | D | R | (RC-N8A + RC-N8B + RC-N8C) must \<= | \- - |
| | | C-N8C | RC-CI10B | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 5980 | F | RC | (RC-N8aA + RC-N8aB + RC-N8aC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N8aC | RC-CI10aA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6000 | F | RC | (RC-N8bA + RC-N8bB + RC-N8bC) must \<= | \- - |
| | | -N8bC | RC-CI10bA | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6020 | F | RC | RC-N10A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA | \- - |
| | | -N10A | through RC-N8bA) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6020 | D | RC | RC-N10A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA | \- - |
| | | -N10A | through RC-N8A) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6040 | F | RC | RC-N10B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB | \- - |
| | | -N10B | through RC-N8bB) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6040 | D | RC | RC-N10B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB | \- - |
| | | -N10B | through RC-N8B) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6060 | F | RC | RC-N10C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | -N10C | through RC-N8bC) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6060 | D | RC | RC-N10C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | -N10C | through RC-N8C) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6080 | F | RC- | RC-N10aA must \<= RC-N10A | \- - |
| | & | N10aA | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6100 | F | RC- | RC-N10aB must \<= RC-N10B | \- - |
| | & | N10aB | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6120 | F | RC- | RC-N10aC must \<= RC-N10C | \- - |
| | & | N10aC | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
------- ----- ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------
6140 F RC-NM1A RC-NM1A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA through \- - -
RC-N8bA)
6140 D RC-NM1A RC-NM1A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA through \- - -
RC-N8A)
6160 F RC-NM1B RC-NM1B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB through \- - -
RC-N8bB)
6160 D RC-NM1B RC-NM1B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB through \- - -
RC-N8B)
6180 F RC-NM1C RC-NM1C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC through \- - -
RC-N8bC)
6180 D RC-NM1C RC-NM1C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC through \- - -
RC-N8C)
6200 F RC-NM2A RC-NM2A must \<= (RC-N4aA + RC-N4bA + \- - -
RC-N7A)
6200 D RC-NM2A RC-NM2A must \<= (RC-N4A + RC-N7A) \- - -
6220 F RC-NM2B RC-NM2B must \<= (RC-N4aB + RC-N4bB + \- - -
RC-N7B)
6220 D RC-NM2B RC-NM2B must \<= (RC-N4B + RC-N7B) \- - -
6240 F RC-NM2C RC-NM2C must \<= (RC-N4aC+ RC-N4bC + \- - -
RC-N7C)
6240 D RC-NM2C RC-NM2C must \<= (RC-N4C + RC-N7C) \- - -
6260 F & D RC-NM2C (RC-NM2A + RC-NM2B + RC-NM2C) must \<= \- - -
RC-CIM3
6280 F RC-NM3A RC-NM3A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA through \- - -
RC-N1fA)
6280 D RC-NM3aA RC-NM3aA must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA through \- - -
RC-N1eA)
6300 F RC-NM3B RC-NM3B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB through \- - -
RC-N1fB)
6300 D RC-NM3aB RC-NM3aB must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB through \- - -
RC-N1eB)
------- ----- ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6320 | F | RC | RC-NM3C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | -NM3C | through RC-N1fC) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6320 | D | RC- | RC-NM3aC must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | NM3aC | through RC-N1eC) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6325 | F | RC | Sum of (RC-NM3A, RC-NM3B, and RC-NM3C) | \- - |
| | | -NM3C | must \<= RC-CIM5 | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | (rcfd1248 + rcfd1249 + rcfd1250) le | |
| | | | (rcfdb837) | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6325 | D | RC- | If RC-12 (previous June) is \>= \$300 | \- - |
| | | NM3aC | million (W-code = 8 or 9), then sum of | - |
| | | | (RC-NM3aA, RC-NM3aB, and RC-NM3aC) must | |
| | | | \<= | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-CIM5 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If (wcode eq 8 or wcode eq 9) then | |
| | | | (rcon1248 + rcon1249 + rcon1250) le | |
| | | | | |
| | | | Rconb837 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6330 | D | RC- | RC-NM3bA must \<= RC-N2A | \- - |
| | | NM3bA | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6340 | D | RC- | RC-NM3bB must \<= RC-N2B | \- - |
| | | NM3bB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6350 | D | RC- | RC-NM3bC must \<= RC-N2C | \- - |
| | | NM3bC | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6360 | D | RC- | RC-NM3cA must \<= RC-N4A | \- - |
| | | NM3cA | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6370 | D | RC- | RC-NM3cB must \<= RC-N4B | \- - |
| | | NM3cB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6380 | D | RC- | RC-NM3cC must \<= RC-N4C | \- - |
| | | NM3cC | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6390 | D | RC- | RC-NM3dA must \<= RC-N8A | \- - |
| | | NM3dA | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6400 | D | RC- | RC-NM3dB must \<= RC-N8B | \- - |
| | | NM3dB | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6410 | D | RC- | RC-NM3dC must \<= RC-N8C | \- - |
| | | NM3dC | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6420 | D | RC | RC-NM4A must \<= RC-N7A | \- - |
| | | -NM4A | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6430 | D | RC | RC-NM4B must \<= RC-N7B | \- - |
| | | -NM4B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6440 | D | RC | RC-NM4C must \<= RC-N7C | \- - |
| | | -NM4C | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6450 | F | RC | RC-NM5A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA | \- - |
| | | -NM5A | through RC-N8bA) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6450 | D | RC | RC-NM5A must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aA | \- - |
| | | -NM5A | through RC-N8A) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6460 | F | RC | RC-NM5B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB | \- - |
| | | -NM5B | through RC-N8bB) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6460 | D | RC | RC-NM5B must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aB | \- - |
| | | -NM5B | through RC-N8B) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6470 | F | RC | RC-NM5C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | -NM5C | through RC-N8bC) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6470 | D | RC | RC-NM5C must \<= Sum of (RC-N1aC | \- - |
| | | -NM5C | through RC-N8C) | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6480 | F | RC | (RC-NM5A + RC-NM5B + RC-NM5C) must \<= | \- - |
| | & | -NM5C | RC-4a | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6710 | F | R | RC-O5c must \<= RC-G1b | \- - |
| | | C-O5c | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6740 | F | RC | RC-O8a2 must \<= RC-O8a1 | \- - |
| | & | -O8a2 | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6750 | F | R | RC-O10 must \<= RC-13a | \- - |
| | & | C-O10 | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6760 | F | RC- | (JUNE) If RC-OM1a1 \> 0, then RC-OM1a2 | \- - |
| [^4] | & | OM1a2 | must \> 0 and | - |
| | D | | | |
| | | | (RC-OM1a1 / RC-OM1a2) must \<= \$100 | |
| | | | thousand | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6770 | F | RC- | (RC-OM1a1 + RC-OM1b1) must = (RC-13a + | +- 2 |
| | | OM1b1 | RC-O5a + RC-O5b | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6770 | D | RC- | (RC-OM1a1 + RC-OM1b1) must = RC-13a | +- 1 |
| | | OM1b1 | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 678 | F | RC- | If RC-OM1b1 \> 0, then (RC-OM1b1 / | \- - |
| 0^5^ | & | OM1b2 | RC-OM1b2) must \> \$100 thousand | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 6790 | F | R | If RC-OM1b1 \> 0, then RC-OM2 must \> 0 | \- - |
| | & | C-OM2 | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 700 | F | RC-28 | RC-R1 must = RC-28 | \- - |
| 5^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7010 | F | RC-R8 | (RC-R1 + RC-R6) minus (RC-R2 + RC-R3 + | +- 4 |
| | & | | RC-R4 + RC-R5 + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R7) must = RC-R8 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7020 | F | R | (RC-R8 + RC-R10) minus (RC-R9a + | +- 2 |
| | & | C-R11 | RC-R9b) must = RC-R11 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7040 | F | R | Sum of (RC-R12 through RC-R16) must = | +- 3 |
| | & | C-R17 | RC-R17 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7060 | F | R | If RC-R17 \<= RC-R11 then RC-R18 must = | +- 1 |
| | & | C-R18 | RC-R17 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7065 | F | R | If RC-R11 \> 0 and RC-R17 \> RC-R11, | +- 1 |
| | & | C-R18 | then RC-R18 must = RC-R11 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7070 | F | R | If RC-R11 \<= 0, then RC-R18 must = 0 | \- - |
| | & | C-R18 | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7080 | F | R | (RC-R11 + RC-R18 + RC-R19) minus RC-R20 | +- 2 |
| | & | C-R21 | must = RC-R21 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 709 | F | RC-K9 | RC-R22 must = RC-K9 | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 710 | F | RC-R7 | RC-R23 must = RC-R7 | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 711 | F | R | RC-R24 must = RC-R9a | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | C-R9a | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 712 | F | R | RC-R25 must = RC-R9b | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | C-R9b | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7130 | F | R | RC-R22 minus (Sum of RC-R23 through | +- 3 |
| | & | C-R27 | RC-R26) must = RC-R27 | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7140 | F | RC | RC-R34A must = (RC-1a + RC-1b) | +- 1 |
| | & | -R34A | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7150 | F | RC | (RC-R34C + RC-R34D + RC-R34F) must = | +- 2 |
| | & | -R34F | RC-R34A | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 716 | F | RC-2a | RC-R35A must = RC-2a | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
7170 F & D RC-R35F (RC-R35B + RC-R35C + RC-R35D + RC-R35E + +- 3
RC-R35F) must = RC-R35A
7180^3^ F & D RC-2b RC-R36A must = RC-2b \- - -
7190 F & D RC-R36F (RC-R36B + RC-R36C + RC-R36D + RC-R36E + +- 3
RC-R36F) must = RC-R36A
7200 F & D RC-R37A RC-R37A must = (RC-3a + RC-3b) +- 1
7210 F & D RC-R37F (RC-R37C + RC-R37D + RC-R37F) must = +- 2
RC-R37A
7220^3^ F & D RC-4a RC-R38A must = RC-4a \- - -
7230 F & D RC-R38f (RC-R38B + RC-R38C + RC-R38D + RC-R38E + +- 3
RC-R38F) must = RC-R38A
7240^3^ F & D RC-4b RC-R39A must = RC-4b \- - -
7250 F & D RC-R39F (RC-R39B + RC-R39C + RC-R39D + RC-R39E + +-3
RC-R39F) must = RC-R39A
7260^3^ F & D RC-4c RC-R40A must = RC-4c \- - -
7270^3^ F & D RC-4c RC-R40B must = RC-4c \- - -
7280^3^ F & D RC-5 RC-R41A must = RC-5 \- - -
7290 F & D RC-R41F (RC-R41B + RC-R41C + RC-R41D + RC-R41E + +- 3
RC-R41F) must = RC-R41A
7300 F & D RC-R42A RC-R42A must = (RC-6 + RC-7 + RC-8 + +- 5
RC-9 + RC-10a + RC-10b + RC-11)
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7310 | F | RC | (RC-R42B + RC-R42C + RC-R42D + | +- 3 |
| | & | -R42F | RC-R42E + RC-R42F) must = RC-R42A | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 732 | F | RC-12 | RC-R43A must = RC-12 | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7330 | F | RC | (RC-R34A + RC-R35A + RC-R36A + | +- 6 |
| | & | -R43A | RC-R37A + RC-R38A + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R39A + RC-R41A + RC-R42A) minus | |
| | | | RC-R40A must = | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-R43A | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7340 | F | RC | (RC-R35B + RC-R36B + RC-R38B + | +- 5 |
| | & | -R43B | RC-R39B + RC-R41B + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R42B) minus RC-R40B must = RC-R43B | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7350 | F | RC | (RC-R34C + RC-R35C + RC-R36C + | +- 5 |
| | & | -R43C | RC-R37C + RC-R38C + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R39C + RC-R41C + RC-R42C) must = | |
| | | | RC-R43C | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7360 | F | RC | (RC-R34D + RC-R35D + RC-R36D + | +- 5 |
| | & | -R43D | RC-R37D + RC-R38D + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R39D + RC-R41D + RC-R42D) must = | |
| | | | RC-R43D | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7370 | F | RC | (RC-R35E + RC-R36E + RC-R38E + | +- 5 |
| | & | -R43E | RC-R39E + RC-R41E + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R42E) must = RC-R43E | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7380 | F | RC | (RC-R34F + RC-R35F + RC-R36F + | +- 5 |
| | & | -R43F | RC-R37F + RC-R38F + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R39F + RC-R41F + RC-R42F) must = | |
| | | | RC-R43F | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7390 | F | RC | (RC-R43B + RC-R43C + RC-R43D + | +- 3 |
| | & | -R43F | RC-R43E + RC-R43F) must = RC-R43A | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7420 | F | RC | (RC-R44C + RC-R44D + RC-R44E + RC-R44F) | +- 2 |
| | & | -R44F | must = RC-R44B | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 743 | F | RC-L3 | RC-R45A must = RC-L3 | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7440 | F | RC | RC-R45B must = (RC-R45A x 50%) | +- 1 |
| | & | -R45B | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7450 | F | RC | (RC-R45C + RC-R45D + RC-R45E + RC-R45F) | +- 2 |
| | & | -R45F | must = RC-R45B | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 746 | F | RC-L4 | RC-R46A must = RC-L4 | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
7470 F & D RC-R46B RC-R46B must = (RC-R46A x 20%) +- 1
7480 F & D RC-R46F (RC-R46C + RC-R46D + RC-R46E + RC-R46F) +- 2
must = RC-R46B
7490 F & D RC-R47B RC-R47B must = RC-R47A +- 1
7500 F & D RC-R47F (RC-R47C + RC-R47D + RC-R47F) must = +- 2
RC-R47B
7510^3^ F & D RC-L6 RC-R48A must = RC-L6 \- - -
7520 F & D RC-R48B RC-R48B must = RC-R48A +- 1
7530 F & D RC-R48F (RC-R48C + RC-R48D + RC-R48E + RC-R48F) +- 2
must = RC-R48B
7540 F & D RC-R49B RC-R49B must = RC-R49A +- 1
7550 F & D RC-R49F (RC-R49C + RC-R49D + RC-R49E + RC-R49F) +- 2
must = RC-R49B
7560 F & D RC-R50F RC-R50F must = RC-R50B +- 1
7570 F & D RC-R51B RC-R51B must = RC-R51A +- 1
7580 F & D RC-R51F (RC-R51C + RC-R51D + RC-R51E + RC-R51F) +- 2
must = RC-R51B
7590 F & D RC-R52B RC-R52B must = RC-R52A +- 1
7600 F & D RC-R52F (RC-R52C + RC-R52D + RC-R52E + RC-R52F) +- 2
must = RC-R52B
7610 F & D RC-R53B RC-R53B must = (RC-R53A x 50%) +- 1
7620 F & D RC-R53F (RC-R53C + RC-R53D + RC-R53E + RC-R53F) +- 2
must = RC-R53B
7630 F & D RC-R54E (RC-R54C + RC-R54D + RC-R54E) must = +- 2
RC-R54B
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7640 | F | RC | (RC-R43C + RC-R44C + RC-R45C + | +- 6 |
| | & | -R55C | RC-R46C + RC-R47C + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R48C + RC-R49C + RC-R51C + RC-R52C + | |
| | | | RC-R53C + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-R54C) must = RC-R55C | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7650 | F | RC | (RC-R43D + RC-R44D + RC-R45D + | +- 6 |
| | & | -R55D | RC-R46D + RC-R47D + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R48D + RC-R49D + RC-R51D + RC-R52D + | |
| | | | RC-R53D + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-R54D) must = RC-R55D | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7660 | F | RC | (RC-R43E + RC-R44E + RC-R45E + | +- 6 |
| | & | -R55E | RC-R46E + RC-R48E + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R49E + RC-R51E + RC-R52E + RC-R53E + | |
| | | | RC-R54E) must = RC-R55E | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7670 | F | RC | (RC-R43F + RC-R44F + RC-R45F + | +- 6 |
| | & | -R55F | RC-R46F + RC-R47F + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-R48F + RC-R49F + RC-R50F + RC-R51F + | |
| | | | RC-R52F + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | RC-R53F) must = RC-R55F | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7680 | F | RC | RC-R57C must = 0 | \- - |
| | & | -R57C | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7690 | F | RC | RC-R57D must = (RC-R55D x 20%) | +- 1 |
| | & | -R57D | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7700 | F | RC | RC-R57E must = (RC-R55E x 50%) | +- 1 |
| | & | -R57E | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7710 | F | RC | RC-R57F must = RC-R55F | +- 1 |
| | & | -R57F | | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7720 | F | RC | (RC-R57C + RC-R57D + RC-R57E + | +- 3 |
| | & | -R59F | RC-R57F + RC-R58F) must = RC-R59F | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7725 | F | RC | (RC-R14 + RC-R60F) must = (RC-4c + | +- 2 |
| | & | -R60F | RC-G3) | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 7730 | F | RC | RC-R62F must = RC-R59F minus (RC-R60F + | +- 3 |
| | & | -R62F | RC-R61F) | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
8000 F & D RC-S2bA (RC-S2aA + RC-S2bA) must \<= RC-S1A \- - -
8005 F & D RC-S2bB (RC-S2aB + RC-S2bB) must \<= RC-S1B \- - -
8010 F & D RC-S2bC (RC-S2aC + RC-S2bC) must \<= RC-S1C \- - -
8015 F & D RC-S2bD (RC-S2aD + RC-S2bD) must \<= RC-S1D \- - -
8020 F & D RC-S2bE (RC-S2aE + RC-S2bE) must \<= RC-S1E \- - -
8025 F & D RC-S2bF (RC-S2aF + RC-S2bF) must \<= RC-S1F \- - -
8030 F & D RC-S2bG (RC-S2aG + RC-S2bG) must \<= RC-S1G \- - -
8050 F & D RC-S3A RC-S3A must \<= RC-S1A \- - -
8055 F & D RC-S3B RC-S3B must \<= RC-S1B \- - -
8060 F & D RC-S3C RC-S3C must \<= RC-S1C \- - -
8065 F & D RC-S3D RC-S3D must \<= RC-S1D \- - -
8070 F & D RC-S3E RC-S3E must \<= RC-S1E \- - -
8075 F & D RC-S3F RC-S3F must \<= RC-S1F \- - -
8080 F & D RC-S3G RC-S3G must \<= RC-S1G \- - -
8100 F & D RC-S4bA (RC-S4aA + RC-S4bA) must \<= RC-S1A \- - -
8105 F & D RC-S4bB (RC-S4aB + RC-S4bB) must \<= RC-S1B \- - -
8110 F & D RC-S4bC (RC-S4aC + RC-S4bC) must \<= RC-S1C \- - -
------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
8115 F & D RC-S4bD (RC-S4aD + RC-S4bD) must \<= RC-S1D \- - -
8120 F & D RC-S4bE (RC-S4aE + RC-S4bE) must \<= RC-S1E \- - -
8125 F & D RC-S4bF (RC-S4aF + RC-S4bF) must \<= RC-S1F \- - -
8130 F & D RC-S4bG (RC-S4aG + RC-S4bG) must \<= RC-S1G \- - -
8150 F & D RC-S7bB (RC-S7aB + RC-S7bB) must \<= RC-S6aB \- - -
8155 F & D RC-S7bC (RC-S7aC + RC-S7bC) must \<= RC-S6aC \- - -
8160 F & D RC-S7bF (RC-S7aF + RC-S7bF) must \<= RC-S6aF \- - -
8180 F & D RC-S12A RC-S12A must \<= RC-S11A \- - -
8185 F & D RC-S12B RC-S12B must \<= RC-S11B \- - -
8190 F & D RC-S12C RC-S12C must \<= RC-S11C \- - -
8195 F & D RC-S12D RC-S12D must \<= RC-S11D \- - -
8200 F & D RC-S12E RC-S12E must \<= RC-S11E \- - -
8205 F & D RC-S12F RC-S12F must \<= RC-S11F \- - -
8210 F & D RC-S12G RC-S12G must \<= RC-S11G \- - -
8220^3^ F & D RC-R49A RC-SM1b must = RC-R49A \- - -
8225 F & D RC-SM1b RC-SM1b must \<= RC-SM1a \- - -
8300 F & D RC-T9A Sum of (RC-T4A through RC-T8A) must = +- 4
RC-T9A
--------- ----- --------- ------------------------------------------ ------
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8305 | F | R | Sum of (RC-T4B through RC-T8B) must = | +- 3 |
| | & | C-T9B | RC-T9B | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8310 | F | R | Sum of (RC-T4C through RC-T8C) must = | +- 2 |
| | & | C-T9C | RC-T9C | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8315 | F | R | Sum of (RC-T4D through RC-T8D) must = | +- 2 |
| | & | C-T9D | RC-T9D | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8330 | F | RC | RC-T11A must \<= RC-T9A | \- - |
| | | -T11A | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8335 | F | RC | RC-T11B must \<= (RC-T9B + RC-T10B) | \- - |
| | | -T11B | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8340 | F | RC | RC-T11C must \<= RC-T9C | \- - |
| | | -T11C | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8345 | F | RC | RC-T11D must \<= (RC-T9D + RC-T10D) | \- - |
| | | -T11D | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 836 | F | RI-5a | RC-T19 must = RI-5a | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8365 | F | R | If Sum of (RC-T12 through RC-T18) not = | +- 5 |
| | & | C-T19 | 0, then Sum of (RC-T12 through RC-T18) | |
| | D | | must = RC-T19 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8370 | F | RC | RC-T19a must \<= RC-T19 | \- - |
| | | -T19a | | - |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8375 | F | R | If RC-T23 not = 0, then (RC-T19 + | +- 2 |
| | & | C-T23 | RC-T22) minus (RC-T20 + | |
| | D | | | |
| | | | RC-T21) must = RC-T23 | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 840 | F | R | RC-TM1L must = RC-T4A | \- - |
| 0^3^ | & | C-T4A | | - |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8405 | F | RC | If the sum of (RC-TM1a through RC-TM1k) | +- 6 |
| | & | -TM1L | is not equal to zero, then sum of | |
| | D | | (RC-TM1a through RC-TM1k) must = | |
| | | | RC-TM1L | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | If (rcfdb913 + rcfdb914 + rcfdb915 + | |
| | | | rcfdb916 + rcfdb917 + rcfdb918 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfdb919 + rcfdb920 + rcfdb921 + | |
| | | | rcfdb922 + rcfdb923) ne 0 then | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (rcfdb913 + rcfdb914 + rcfdb915 + | |
| | | | rcfdb916 + rcfdb917 + rcfdb918 + | |
| | | | | |
| | | | rcfdb919 + rcfdb920 + rcfdb921 + | |
| | | | rcfdb922 + rcfdb923) eq rcfdb868 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | (Note: same for 041 using "rcon") | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8420 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-TM3aA through RC-TM3gA) must | +- 2 |
| | & | TM3hA | = RC-TM3hA | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| | | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
| 8425 | F | RC- | Sum of (RC-TM3aB through RC-TM3gB) must | +- 4 |
| | & | TM3hB | = RC-TM3hB | |
| | D | | | |
+------+----+-------+-----------------------------------------+------+
**Target**
#### EDIT \# FORM ITEM EDIT TEST Tolerance
------- ----- ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------
8440 F & D RC-TM4eA Sum of (RC-TM4aA through RC-TM4dA) must = +- 2
RC-TM4eA
8445 F & D RC-TM4eB Sum of (RC-TM4aB through RC-TM4dB) must = +- 2
RC-TM4eB
8450 F & D RC-TM4eC Sum of (RC-TM4aC through RC-TM4dC) must = +- 2
RC-TM4eC
8455 F & D RC-TM4eC (RC-TM4eA + RC-TM4eB) minus RC-TM4eC must +- 2
= RC-T21
8500 F & D RC-SRb If RC-SRa \> 0, then RC-SRb must \> 0 \- - -
8510 F & D RC-SRb If RC-SRb \> 0, then RC-SRa must \> 0 \- - -
8520 F & D RC-SRc2 RC-SRc1 must \<= RC-SRc2 \- - -
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[^1]: ^3^ The item is computer-generated. [First occurrence should be
mapped over into second occurrence of the same MDRM
number.]{.underline}
[^2]: ^4^ This edit uses both the Report of Condition and Income.
[^3]: ^1^ Reporting requirements based on asset thresholds are generally
based on "previous June" assets. The following criteria should be
applied: FRB
[Form]{.underline} [W-Code]{.underline} [Previous June Assets
Threshold]{.underline}
FFIEC 031 1 Less than \$1 Billion [with]{.underline} IBF including
foreign offices
Less than \$1 Billion [without]{.underline} IBF including foreign
offices
Greater than or equal to \$1 Billion [with]{.underline} IBF
including foreign offices
Greater than or equal to \$1 Billion [without]{.underline} IBF
including foreign offices
FFIEC 041 5 Less than \$25 Million
> 6 Greater than or equal to \$25 Million, but less than \$100
> Million
Greater than or equal to \$100 Million, but less than \$300 Million
Greater than or equal to \$300 Million, but less than \$1 Billion
Greater than or equal to \$1 Billion
[^4]: ^5^ This is a 'size' error edit (zero divide). The edit should
fail when the denominator is zero.
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