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<article doi="10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.044" abstract="Autophagic protein degradation is mediated by autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes, where their contents are degraded. The membrane origins of autophagosomes may involve multiple sources. However, it is unclear if and where distinct membrane sources fuse during autophagosome biogenesis. Vesicles containing mATG9, the only transmembrane autophagy protein, are seen in many sites, and fusions with other autophagic compartments have not been visualized in mammalian cells. We observed that mATG9 traffics from the plasma membrane to recycling endosomes in carriers that appear to be routed differently from ATG16L1-containing vesicles, another source of autophagosome membrane. mATG9- and ATG16L1-containing vesicles traffic to recycling endosomes, where VAMP3-dependent heterotypic fusions occur. These fusions correlate with autophagosome formation, and both processes are enhanced by perturbing membrane egress from recycling endosomes. Starvation, a primordial autophagy activator, reduces membrane recycling from recycling endosomes and enhances mATG9-ATG16L1 vesicle fusion. Thus, this mechanism may fine-tune physiological autophagic responses."><fig id="4696"><title></title><label>Figure 1</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4696"/><sd-panel panel_id="13591">(A′) <sd-tag id="sdTag1" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag2" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag3" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> were fixed in basal conditions and stained for m<sd-tag id="sdTag4" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. Pearson's coefficient: 0.452 ± 0.034 (SEM).(A″) <sd-tag id="sdTag7" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag92" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9L1" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9L1</sd-tag>-p<sd-tag id="sdTag6" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>, fixed in basal condition, and labeled for <sd-tag id="sdTag8" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>. Pearson's coefficient: 0.413 ± 0.020 (SEM).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13591"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13592">(B) <sd-tag id="sdTag18" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were incubated for 1 hr at 37°C or 18°C to reach the correct temperature, loaded with <sd-tag id="sdTag12" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag13" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Alexa-555" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Alexa-555</sd-tag> for 1 hr, fixed, and labeled with anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag19" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag93" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="TGN46" ext_ids="O43493" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TGOLN2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">TGN46</sd-tag> (marker for <sd-tag id="sdTag15" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="Trans Golgi Network" ext_ids="GO:0005802" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="trans-Golgi network" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">Trans Golgi Network</sd-tag>). Histogram shows Pearson's coefficient between <sd-tag id="sdTag20" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag21" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> (Tf) or <sd-tag id="sdTag16" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="TGN46" ext_ids="O43493" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TGOLN2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">TGN46</sd-tag>. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Inserts show merge at higher magnification.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13592"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13593">(C) <sd-tag id="sdTag30" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were incubated in <sd-tag id="sdTag25" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="undefined" role="component" text="serum" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">serum</sd-tag>-free medium containing <sd-tag id="sdTag26" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Dynasore" ext_ids="5717066" norm_text="" ext_dbs="PubChem" in_caption="True" ext_names="Dynasore" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/">Dynasore</sd-tag> 100 μM or <sd-tag id="sdTag27" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="component" text="DMSO" ext_ids="CHEBI:28262" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="dimethyl sulfoxide" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">DMSO</sd-tag> for 2 hr and loaded for 30 min with <sd-tag id="sdTag31" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag32" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Alexa-555" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Alexa-555</sd-tag>. Cells were then fixed and labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag28" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag33" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="TGN46" ext_ids="O43493" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TGOLN2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">TGN46</sd-tag>. Pearson's coefficient between m<sd-tag id="sdTag29" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag34" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag35" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="TGN46" ext_ids="O43493" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TGOLN2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">TGN46</sd-tag> was quantified. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Inserts show the merge at higher magnification.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13593"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13595">(D) Cells treated or not treated with <sd-tag id="sdTag43" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Dynasore" ext_ids="5717066" norm_text="" ext_dbs="PubChem" in_caption="True" ext_names="Dynasore" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/">Dynasore</sd-tag> or transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag39" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Dynamin" ext_ids="1785" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DNM2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Dynamin</sd-tag> K44A mutant or <sd-tag id="sdTag40" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="AP2" ext_ids="1173" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="AP2M1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">AP2</sd-tag> siRNA were fixed and then analyzed by <sd-tag id="sdTag41" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="TIRF microscopy" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">TIRF microscopy</sd-tag>. Pictures are at the same magnification and brightness. Cells transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag44" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Dynamin" ext_ids="1785" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DNM2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Dynamin</sd-tag> mutant were identified by abnormal <sd-tag id="sdTag45" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> accumulation at the <sd-tag id="sdTag42" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="plasma membrane" ext_ids="GO:0005886" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="plasma membrane" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">plasma membrane</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13595"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13596">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag52" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were incubated for 1 hr at 4°C with ice-cold <sd-tag id="sdTag51" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="NHS-LC-Biotin" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">NHS-LC-Biotin</sd-tag> (Pierce) solution, rinsed, and lysed in RIPA buffer. Biotinylated proteins were precipitated using <sd-tag id="sdTag49" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="undefined" role="component" text="streptavidin-agarose beads" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">streptavidin-agarose beads</sd-tag> (Pierce) and blotted for m<sd-tag id="sdTag48" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> to assess protein localization at the <sd-tag id="sdTag53" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="plasma membrane" ext_ids="GO:0005886" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="plasma membrane" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">plasma membrane</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13596"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13597">(F) <sd-tag id="sdTag59" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells treated as in (C) were processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag56" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunogold labeling" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">immunogold labeling</sd-tag> on cryosections and stained with anti-m<sd-tag id="sdTag57" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> antibody. Arrows show <sd-tag id="sdTag58" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="clathrin" ext_ids="GO:0071439" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="clathrin complex" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">clathrin</sd-tag>-coated structures. Scale bar in a and c, 150 nm; scale bar in b, 100 nm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13597"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13598">(G) <sd-tag id="sdTag65" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag62" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag63" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> were fixed, labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag64" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>, and then analyzed by <sd-tag id="sdTag66" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="TIRF microscopy" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">TIRF microscopy</sd-tag>. Control cells were cotransfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag67" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag68" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag96" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="Straw" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Straw</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag69" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag>. Pictures are at the same magnification and brightness. See Figure S1J for quantification.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13598"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13599">(H) <sd-tag id="sdTag73" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells treated with <sd-tag id="sdTag74" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="component" text="Dynasore" ext_ids="5717066" norm_text="" ext_dbs="PubChem" in_caption="True" ext_names="Dynasore" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/">Dynasore</sd-tag> were processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag75" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunogold labeling" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">immunogold labeling</sd-tag> on cryosections and double labeled with <sd-tag id="sdTag76" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (10 nm) and m<sd-tag id="sdTag72" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> (15 nm). Scale bar, 100 nm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13599"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="13600">(I) <sd-tag id="sdTag82" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells treated as in (H) were processed for triple labeling on cryosections (<sd-tag id="sdTag83" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="clathrin" ext_ids="GO:0071439" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="clathrin complex" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">clathrin</sd-tag>, 5 nm; <sd-tag id="sdTag84" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag>, 10 nm; and m<sd-tag id="sdTag78" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>, 15 nm). Scale bar, 150 nm.(J) Table shows quantification of numbers of <sd-tag id="sdTag85" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="clathrin" ext_ids="GO:0071439" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="clathrin complex" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">clathrin</sd-tag>-coated structures carrying m<sd-tag id="sdTag79" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag86" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> alone or together or neither protein. A minimum of 50 <sd-tag id="sdTag87" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="clathrin" ext_ids="GO:0071439" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="clathrin complex" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">clathrin</sd-tag>-coated structures were examined from three different experiments. We constructed a 2 × 2 table with 0 or 1-3 <sd-tag id="sdTag81" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="reporter" text="gold" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">gold</sd-tag> particles for m<sd-tag id="sdTag80" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag88" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for a X2 test to avoid statistical cells with 0 counts. X2 = 10.4, df = 1, and p = 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=13600"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4697"><title></title><label>Figure 2</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4697"/><sd-panel panel_id="14675">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag100" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag101" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag102" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 24 hr were incubated for 15 min with 2.5 μg/ml with <sd-tag id="sdTag97" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HRP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HRP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag98" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="cholera toxin subunit B" ext_ids="P01556" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ctxB" ext_tax_ids="243277" ext_tax_names="Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">cholera toxin subunit B</sd-tag> at 4°C and then for 10 min at 37°C. Cells were then fixed and treated for <sd-tag id="sdTag104" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunogold labeling" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">immunogold labeling</sd-tag> on cryosections. <sd-tag id="sdTag105" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> was detected with anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag106" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> antibody (15 nm), and <sd-tag id="sdTag99" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="cholera toxin" ext_ids="P01556" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ctxB" ext_tax_ids="243277" ext_tax_names="Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">cholera toxin</sd-tag> was detected using anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag107" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HRP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HRP</sd-tag> antibody. Scale bar, 150 nm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14675"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14677">(B) <sd-tag id="sdTag108" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transiently transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag109" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag110" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr. Cells in basal conditions were fixed and labeled with anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag111" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> antibody.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14677"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14678">(C) <sd-tag id="sdTag117" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag132" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag118" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (20 hr) and starved (4 hr) were processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag119" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunogold labeling" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">immunogold labeling</sd-tag> on cryosections. Double labeling was performed with rabbit anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag120" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (10 nm <sd-tag id="sdTag121" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="reporter" text="gold" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">gold</sd-tag>) and rabbit anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag122" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (15 nm <sd-tag id="sdTag123" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="reporter" text="gold" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">gold</sd-tag>). Scale bar, 150 nm. Schematic diagram shows membrane outlines from <sd-tag id="sdTag116" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="EM" ext_ids="GO:0005789///BAO_0000449" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology///BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="endoplasmic reticulum membrane///electron microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term////https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">EM</sd-tag>. Green lines indicate structures positive for both <sd-tag id="sdTag124" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag125" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>, whereas red lines are only positive for <sd-tag id="sdTag126" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>. Histogram shows the percentage by <sd-tag id="sdTag127" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="EM" ext_ids="GO:0005789///BAO_0000449" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology///BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="endoplasmic reticulum membrane///electron microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term////https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">EM</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag128" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> tubulovesicular structures that carry <sd-tag id="sdTag129" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>. 281 tubulovesiclular structures from different experiments were analyzed. Error bars, SD.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14678"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14679">(D) <sd-tag id="sdTag133" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag134" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag135" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag131" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mCherry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mCherry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag136" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>, and 5 min movies were recorded. Representative images from movies are shown.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14679"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14680">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag146" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were loaded with mouse anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag142" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin receptor" ext_ids="Q62351///Q9JKX3" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="Tfrc///Tfr2" ext_tax_ids="10090///10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus///Mus musculus" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin receptor</sd-tag> antibody (5E9C11) for 30 min and fixed for <sd-tag id="sdTag147" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunogold labeling" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">immunogold labeling</sd-tag> for cryosections. The sample was labeled with rabbit anti-mouse antibody to recognize <sd-tag id="sdTag148" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin receptor" ext_ids="Q62351///Q9JKX3" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="Tfrc///Tfr2" ext_tax_ids="10090///10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus///Mus musculus" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin receptor</sd-tag> (5 nm), anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag145" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (10 nm), and anti-m<sd-tag id="sdTag144" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> (15 nm). Scale bar, 150 nm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14680"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14681">(F) <sd-tag id="sdTag152" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag150" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="pmStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">pmStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag153" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag154" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9L1" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9L1</sd-tag>-p<sd-tag id="sdTag151" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>, and 5 min movies were recorded. Representative images from the movies are shown.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14681"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14682">(G) <sd-tag id="sdTag164" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag165" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="pmStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">pmStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag166" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and p<sd-tag id="sdTag161" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag162" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>, starved for 2 hr, fixed, and labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag163" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14682"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4698"><title></title><label>Figure 3</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4698"/><sd-panel panel_id="14683">(A and B) (A) <sd-tag id="sdTag173" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were incubated for 4 hr at 37°C or 18°C and processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag170" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>II <sd-tag id="sdTag171" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">western blot</sd-tag>. Some cells were incubated overnight with 20 mM <sd-tag id="sdTag172" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="NH4Cl" ext_ids="CHEBI:31206" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="ammonium chloride" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">NH4Cl</sd-tag> in full medium (to block lysosomal degradation) at 37°C or 18°C (B).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14683"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14684">(C) <sd-tag id="sdTag177" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag176" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag178" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> for 20 hr and incubated for 4 hr at 37°C or 18°C.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14684"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14685">(D and E) (D) <sd-tag id="sdTag183" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag185" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag184" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr and incubated for 4 hr at 37°C or 18°C. The size and the number (E) of <sd-tag id="sdTag186" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> were scored (a minimum of 20 cells were examined for each condition). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗p < 0.01.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14685"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14686">(D and E) (D) <sd-tag id="sdTag192" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag191" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag193" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr and incubated for 4 hr at 37°C or 18°C. The size and the number (E) of <sd-tag id="sdTag194" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> were scored (a minimum of 20 cells were examined for each condition). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗p < 0.01.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14686"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14687">(F and G) (F) <sd-tag id="sdTag205" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag201" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag206" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr, incubated for 4 hr at 37°C or 18°C, and labeled with <sd-tag id="sdTag202" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag207" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> to visualize <sd-tag id="sdTag203" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="early endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005769" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="early endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">early endosomes</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag204" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="recycling endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0055037" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="recycling endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">recycling endosomes</sd-tag>. Histogram in (G) shows the amount of colocalization of <sd-tag id="sdTag208" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag209" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or in <sd-tag id="sdTag210" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> compartment (Manders' coefficient). Error bar, SEM. NS, not significant; ∗∗p < 0.01.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14687"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14688">(H) <sd-tag id="sdTag217" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag218" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="pmStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">pmStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag219" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr, fixed, and labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag215" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. The histograms show quantification of colocalization and the size of the <sd-tag id="sdTag220" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> labeled with <sd-tag id="sdTag221" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag216" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> at 37°C or 18°C. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗p < 0.01.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14688"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14689">(I) <sd-tag id="sdTag232" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with p<sd-tag id="sdTag226" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag233" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="RAB11" ext_ids="9230///8766" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene///NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11B///RAB11A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene////http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">RAB11</sd-tag> or p<sd-tag id="sdTag227" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag239" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Myosin Vb" ext_ids="4645" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="MYO5B" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Myosin Vb</sd-tag> tail (<sd-tag id="sdTag229" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="MVb" ext_ids="4645" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="MYO5B" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">MVb</sd-tag>) and incubated during the last 16 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag230" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Bafilomycin A1" ext_ids="CHEBI:22689" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="bafilomycin A1" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">Bafilomycin A1</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag231" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Baf" ext_ids="CHEBI:22689" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="bafilomycin A1" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">Baf</sd-tag>) or <sd-tag id="sdTag234" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="component" text="DMSO" ext_ids="CHEBI:28262" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="dimethyl sulfoxide" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">DMSO</sd-tag> and processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag235" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9H492///Q9GZQ8///Q9BXW4" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B///MAP1LC3C" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-II <sd-tag id="sdTag236" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">western blot</sd-tag>. Control cells were transfected with pEGFP empty vector.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14689"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14690">(J) <sd-tag id="sdTag243" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag244" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag245" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag246" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag247" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag241" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="MVb" ext_ids="Q9ULV0" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MYO5B" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">MVb</sd-tag> tail-<sd-tag id="sdTag248" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>. The size of <sd-tag id="sdTag456" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag459" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> was scored in <sd-tag id="sdTag242" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="RAB11" ext_ids="9230///8766" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene///NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11B///RAB11A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene////http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">RAB11</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag251" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="MVb" ext_ids="4645" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="MYO5B" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">MVb</sd-tag> tail overexpression conditions. The inserts show just the <sd-tag id="sdTag457" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag458" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> as quantified in histogram. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p<0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14690"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14692">(K) <sd-tag id="sdTag258" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected as in (C) and loaded with <sd-tag id="sdTag259" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag257" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Alexa-647" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Alexa-647</sd-tag> for 30 min. Histogram and the inserts show the correlation between <sd-tag id="sdTag260" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and the loaded <sd-tag id="sdTag261" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14692"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14693">(L) <sd-tag id="sdTag285" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected as in (C) and labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag283" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. Histogram and the inserts show the correlation between <sd-tag id="sdTag286" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag282" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag284" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="RAB11" ext_ids="9230///8766" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene///NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11B///RAB11A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene////http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">RAB11</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag287" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="MVb" ext_ids="4645" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="MYO5B" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">MVb</sd-tag> tail overexpression conditions (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14693"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14694">(M) <sd-tag id="sdTag293" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag294" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag295" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr, starved in <sd-tag id="sdTag290" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="undefined" role="component" text="HBSS" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HBSS</sd-tag> for 4 hr, or maintained in full medium, loaded with <sd-tag id="sdTag296" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag291" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Alexa-488" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Alexa-488</sd-tag> (Tf). Pictures and histogram show the correlation between <sd-tag id="sdTag297" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag298" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="transferrin" ext_ids="P02787" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="TF" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">transferrin</sd-tag> in basal and starving condition (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14694"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14695">(N) <sd-tag id="sdTag304" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag305" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag306" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> for 20 hr, starved in <sd-tag id="sdTag307" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="undefined" role="component" text="HBSS" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HBSS</sd-tag> for 4 hr, or maintained in full medium and then fixed and labeled with anti-m<sd-tag id="sdTag302" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> antibody. Pictures and histogram show the correlation between <sd-tag id="sdTag308" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag303" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> in basal and starved cells (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14695"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4699"><title></title><label>Figure 4</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4699"/><sd-panel panel_id="14696">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag318" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag319" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag313" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16" ext_ids="Q8NAA4///Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L2///ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16</sd-tag> for 20 hr and treated for 10 min with <sd-tag id="sdTag314" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="N-ethylmaleimide" ext_ids="CHEBI:7269" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">N-ethylmaleimide</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag315" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="NEM" ext_ids="CHEBI:7269" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">NEM</sd-tag>; 100 μM) in full medium, fixed, and stained for m<sd-tag id="sdTag316" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. Histogram shows correlation between m<sd-tag id="sdTag317" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag320" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14696"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14698">(C and D) (C) Representative fields of <sd-tag id="sdTag324" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="in vitro fusion assay" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">in vitro fusion assay</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag326" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag325" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag327" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag>. The quantification in (D) was performed on ten fields (similar to that shown in the figure) per experiment. The quantification is expressed as Pearson's coefficient. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14698"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4700"><title></title><label>Figure 5</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4700"/><sd-panel panel_id="14699">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag335" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with siRNAs for different R-SNAREs, and we assessed the levels of the autophagy substrate <sd-tag id="sdTag333" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="p62" ext_ids="Q13501" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="SQSTM1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">p62</sd-tag> versus <sd-tag id="sdTag334" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="normalizing" text="actin" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">actin</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14699"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14700">(B) <sd-tag id="sdTag347" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with control or <sd-tag id="sdTag344" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA (oligo A) for 4 days were treated during the last 16 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag345" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Bafilomycin A1" ext_ids="CHEBI:22689" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="bafilomycin A1" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">Bafilomycin A1</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag351" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Baf A1" ext_ids="CHEBI:22689" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="bafilomycin A1" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">Baf A1</sd-tag>) or <sd-tag id="sdTag349" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="component" text="DMSO" ext_ids="CHEBI:28262" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="dimethyl sulfoxide" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">DMSO</sd-tag> (basal) and processed for <sd-tag id="sdTag350" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-II <sd-tag id="sdTag346" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="western blots" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">western blots</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14700"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14701">(C) Endogenous <sd-tag id="sdTag355" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9GZQ8///Q9BXW4///Q9H492" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3B///MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag354" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunocytochemistry" ext_ids="BAO_0000416" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="immunocytochemistry" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">immunocytochemistry</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag356" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with control or <sd-tag id="sdTag357" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA for 4 days. The histogram shows the number of <sd-tag id="sdTag358" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag359" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> positive) in a minimum of 30 cells. Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14701"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14702">(D) <sd-tag id="sdTag455" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag365" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="Q15836" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">VAMP3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag360" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag> for 20 hr and stained for <sd-tag id="sdTag366" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag367" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag>. Histogram shows colocalization between <sd-tag id="sdTag361" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="Q15836" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">VAMP3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag368" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag369" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag370" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="Q15836" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">VAMP3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag371" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag372" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (Manders' coefficient). Error bar, SEM.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14702"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14703">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag380" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected for 20 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag376" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="Q15836" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">VAMP3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag381" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag>, incubated for 1 hr at 37°C or 18°C, fixed, and labeled for <sd-tag id="sdTag382" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag377" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. Histogram shows the percentage of colocalization between <sd-tag id="sdTag378" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="Q15836" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">VAMP3</sd-tag> with m<sd-tag id="sdTag379" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6///Q674R7" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A///ATG9B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> (Manders' coefficient). Error bar, SEM. NS, not significant.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14703"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4701"><title></title><label>Figure 6</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4701"/><sd-panel panel_id="14704">(A-C) <sd-tag id="sdTag390" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with control, <sd-tag id="sdTag388" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA for 4 days were transfected during the last 20 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag391" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9L1" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9L1</sd-tag>-p<sd-tag id="sdTag387" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag> and labeled with anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag392" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> (for <sd-tag id="sdTag393" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="early endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005769" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="early endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">early endosomes</sd-tag>) or anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag394" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (for <sd-tag id="sdTag395" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="recycling endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0055037" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="recycling endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">recycling endosomes</sd-tag>). The histogram in (C) shows the quantification of the colocalization of m<sd-tag id="sdTag389" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag396" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag397" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (Manders' coefficient). Error bars, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14704"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14705">(D-F) <sd-tag id="sdTag402" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were treated as in (A)-(C) and transfected during the last 20 hr with p<sd-tag id="sdTag401" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag403" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and labeled with anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag404" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag405" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="early endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005769" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="early endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">early endosomes</sd-tag>) or anti-<sd-tag id="sdTag406" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (<sd-tag id="sdTag407" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="recycling endosomes" ext_ids="GO:0055037" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="recycling endosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">recycling endosomes</sd-tag>). Histogram in (D) shows quantification of the colocalization of <sd-tag id="sdTag408" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag409" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="EEA1" ext_ids="Q15075" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="EEA1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">EEA1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag410" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="RAB11" ext_ids="P62491///Q15907" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RAB11A///RAB11B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">RAB11</sd-tag> (Manders' coefficient). Error bars, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001; NS, not significant.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14705"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="4702"><title></title><label>Figure 7</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=4702"/><sd-panel panel_id="14706">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag418" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with control, <sd-tag id="sdTag419" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA for 4 days were transfected during the last 20 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag420" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag421" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and labeled for m<sd-tag id="sdTag415" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag>. The correlation between m<sd-tag id="sdTag417" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag422" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> was quantified (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14706"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14707">(B) <sd-tag id="sdTag426" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with control or <sd-tag id="sdTag427" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA and then with <sd-tag id="sdTag428" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag429" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16" ext_ids="Q676U5///Q8NAA4" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1///ATG16L2" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16</sd-tag>, and 5 min movies were recorded. Homotypic fusion events between <sd-tag id="sdTag430" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag431" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16" ext_ids="Q8NAA4///Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L2///ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag432" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> were assessed in control and <sd-tag id="sdTag433" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> knockdown cells. Error bar, SEM. NS, not significant.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14707"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="14708">(C) <sd-tag id="sdTag436" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="In vitro fusion assay" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">In vitro fusion assay</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag440" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and m<sd-tag id="sdTag453" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag441" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag>. <sd-tag id="sdTag442" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells were transfected with control or <sd-tag id="sdTag443" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> siRNA for 4 days separately and, on the fourth day, either transfected with <sd-tag id="sdTag444" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="mStrawberry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">mStrawberry</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag445" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag446" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9L1" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9L1</sd-tag>-p<sd-tag id="sdTag437" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="EGFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">EGFP</sd-tag>. PNS of cells expressing the two constructs were mixed for 1 hr at 37C° and observed by <sd-tag id="sdTag438" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="confocal microscopy" ext_ids="BAO_0000453" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="confocal microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">confocal microscopy</sd-tag>. Histogram shows the correlation of <sd-tag id="sdTag447" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> carrying <sd-tag id="sdTag448" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> that fuse with <sd-tag id="sdTag449" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="vesicles" ext_ids="GO:0031982" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="vesicle" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">vesicles</sd-tag> carrying m<sd-tag id="sdTag439" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9" ext_ids="Q674R7///Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9B///ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9</sd-tag> (Pearson's coefficient). Error bar, SEM. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. The total number of structures per field (<sd-tag id="sdTag450" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag451" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG9L1" ext_ids="Q7Z3C6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG9A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG9L1</sd-tag>) is not significantly different in the control and KD samples (control, 37 ± 3; <sd-tag id="sdTag452" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="VAMP3" ext_ids="9341" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="VAMP3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">VAMP3</sd-tag> KD, 45 ± 3; ± SEM; p = 0.106).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=14708"/></sd-panel></fig></article>