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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<tmx version="1.4">
<header adminlang="en" creationdate="20200424T153630Z" creationtool="mALIGNa" creationtoolversion="2" datatype="plaintext" o-tmf="al" segtype="block" srclang="et">
<prop type="distributor">ELRC project</prop>
<prop type="description">Acquisition of bilingual data (from multilingual websites), normalization, cleaning, deduplication and identification of parallel documents have been done by ILSP-FC tool. Maligna aligner was used for alignment of segments. Merging/filtering of segment pairs has also been applied.</prop>
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<body>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>EMA is a networking organisation whose activities involve thousands of experts from across Europe.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA on võrgustikorganisatsioon, mille tegevuses osalevad tuhanded eksperdid kogu Euroopast.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="2">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Haiguste Ennetamise ja Tõrje Euroopa Keskus</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="3">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The European Commission is the EU's politically independent executive arm.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Euroopa Komisjon on ELi poliitiliselt sõltumatu täitevasutus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>(1) The European Commission, ECDC and EMA have mechanisms in place in order to ensure impartiality.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>(1) Euroopa Komisjon, ECDC ja EMA on kehtestanud mehhanismid, et tagada erapooletus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>It is alone responsible for drawing up proposals for new European legislation, and it implements the decisions of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Euroopa Komisjon vastutab üksi uute Euroopa õigusaktide ettepanekute koostamise eest ning rakendab Euroopa Parlamendi ja ELi nõukogu otsuseid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="6">
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<seg>Communication and scientific experts in these organisations are involved in developing the contents (1).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nende organisatsioonide teabevahetus- ja teaduseksperdid on kaasatud sisu loomisse (1).</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="7">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>About us</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tutvustus</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>These experts carry out the work of EMA's scientific committees.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need eksperdid tegutsevad EMA teaduskomiteedena.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="9">
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<seg>The Commission is divided into departments that develop policies in specific areas.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Komisjon on jaotatud konkreetsete valdkondade poliitikat arendavateks peadirektoraatideks.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="10">
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<seg>EMA works closely with European and international partners and shares information on vaccines and good regulatory practice.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA teeb tihedat koostööd Euroopa ja rahvusvaheliste partneritega ning jagab vaktsiinide ja heade regulatiivtavade teavet.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="11">
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<seg>This is to ensure that staff and experts do not, in the performance of their duties, deal with matters in which they may, directly or indirectly, have a personal interest that could impair their independence.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Selle eesmärk on tagada, et töötajad ja eksperdid ei tegeleks oma ülesannete täitmisel küsimustega, mis võivad otseselt või kaudselt lähtuda nende isiklikust huvist, mis võib kahjustada nende sõltumatust.</seg>
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<seg>It also provides an overview of the mechanisms in place in the European Union (EU) to ensure that available vaccines conform to the highest standards of safety and effectiveness.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sellel antakse ka ülevaade ELi mehhanismidest, millega tagatakse kättesaadavate vaktsiinide vastavus ohutuse ja efektiivsuse kõrgeimatele standarditele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="13">
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<seg>EMA ensures the efficacy, quality and safety of vaccines.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA tagab vaktsiinide tõhususe, kvaliteedi ja ohutuse.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="14">
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<seg>The main purpose of this website is to provide accurate, objective, up-to-date evidence on vaccines and vaccination in general.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Veebisaidi peamine eesmärk on pakkuda täpseid, objektiivseid ja ajakohaseid tõendeid vaktsiinide ja vaktsineerimise kohta.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="15">
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<seg>This website was developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), in partnership with the European Commission, specifically, its Department on Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Veebisaidi töötas välja Haiguste Ennetamise ja Tõrje Euroopa Keskus (ECDC) koostöös Euroopa Komisjoniga, eelkõige tervise ja toiduohutuse peadirektoraadiga (DG SANTE), ning Euroopa Ravimiametiga (EMA).</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="16">
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<seg>ECDC also maintains the Vaccine Scheduler , an online, interactive platform showing the vaccination schedules of all EU Member States.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ECDC käitab ka vaktsineerimisgraafikut Vaccine Scheduler , mis on interaktiivne veebiplatvorm kõikide ELi liikmesriikide vaktsineerimisgraafikutega.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="17">
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<seg>Staff and experts are required to declare any personal interest or any interest in any business or organisation that could compromise their impartiality.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Töötajad ja eksperdid peavad deklareerima mis tahes isikliku huvi või seose ettevõtte või organisatsiooniga, mis võib kahjustada nende erapooletust.</seg>
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<tu tuid="18">
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<seg>EMA and its scientific committees examine all available data and assess their benefits and risks before they are approved and while they are marketed in the EU.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA ja selle teaduskomiteed vaatavad läbi kõik kättesaadavad andmed ja hindavad enne ELi müügiloa väljastamist nende kasu ja riski suhet.</seg>
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<tu tuid="19">
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<seg>The core functions cover a wide spectrum of activities: surveillance, epidemic intelligence, response, scientific advice, microbiology, preparedness, public health training, international relations, health communication, and the scientific journal Eurosurveillance.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Põhiülesanded hõlmavad mitmesuguseid tegevusi: seire, epidemioloogiline luure, reageerimine, teadusnõustamine, mikrobioloogia, valmisolek, rahvatervise koolitus, rahvusvahelised suhted, terviseteave ja teadusajakiri Eurosurveillance.</seg>
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<seg>ECDC is an EU scientific agency aimed at strengthening Europe's defences against infectious diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ECDC on ELi teaduskeskus, mille eesmärk on tugevdada Euroopas nakkushaiguste vastast kaitset.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="21">
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<seg>The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a decentralized agency of the European Union (EU) responsible for the scientific evaluation, supervision and safety monitoring of medicines in the EU.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Euroopa Ravimiamet (EMA) on Euroopa Liidu detsentraliseeritud amet, mis vastutab ravimite teadusliku hindamise, järelevalve ja ohutuse jälgimise eest ELis.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>One of the departments is DG for Health and Food Safety , responsible for EU policy on food safety and health and for monitoring the implementation of related laws.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Üks peadirektoraatidest on toidu ja toiduohutuse peadirektoraat , mis vastutab ELi toiduohutus- ja tervisepoliitika ning seonduvate õigusaktide rakendamise järelevalve eest.</seg>
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<tu tuid="23">
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<seg>It is an initiative of the European Union and was developed following the Council Recommendation on Strengthened Cooperation against Vaccine Preventable Diseases adopted in December 2018.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See on Euroopa Liidu algatus, mis töötati välja pärast nõukogu soovitust vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste tõrje koostöö tõhustamise kohta , mis võeti vastu detsembris 2018.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>For more information visit: https://www.ema.europa.eu /</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave: https://www.ema.europa.eu /</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="25">
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<seg>In the area of vaccine-preventable diseases, ECDC provides regular surveillance data, e.g. the number of confirmed cases, and scientific advice on vaccines, monitors disease outbreaks and develops materials to support communication on immunisation.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste valdkonnas annab ECDC korrapäraseid seireandmeid, nt kinnitatud juhtumite arv, pakub vaktsiinidega seotud teadusnõustamist, teeb haiguspuhangute seiret ja arendab immuniseerimisalast teabevahetust toetavaid materjale.</seg>
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<tu tuid="26">
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<seg>The initiative aims to tackle vaccine hesitancy, improve coordination on vaccine procurement, support research and innovation, and strengthen EU cooperation on vaccine-preventable diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Algatuse eesmärk on vähendada vaktsiinikõhklust, parandada vaktsiinide pakkumise koordineerimist, toetada teadus- ja arendustegevust ning innovatsiooni, samuti tugevdada vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste ELi koostööd.</seg>
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<seg>For more information visit: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave on aadressil: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="28">
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<seg>Representatives from EU and EEA countries' public health organisations were consulted for finalising the website's contents and its language versions.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Veebisaidi sisu ja keeleversioonide viimistlemisel konsulteeriti ELi ja EMP riikide rahvatervise organisatsioonide esindajatega.</seg>
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<seg>To improve vaccination uptake, the Council adopted a Recommendation to strengthen the EU cooperation on vaccine-preventable diseases in December 2018.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimise kasutamise parandamiseks võttis nõukogu detsembris 2018 vastu soovituse vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste tõrje ELi koostöö tõhustamise kohta .</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>National governments take account of factors such as their health systems, legal systems and cultural norms.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Riikide valitsused arvestavad seda otsustades riigi tervishoiusüsteemi, õigussüsteemi ja kultuuritavadega.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="31">
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<seg>Mandatory or recommended vaccination</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kohustuslik või soovitatav vaktsineerimine</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Vaccination schedules in the EU/EEA</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimiskavad ELis/EMPs</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Information on which countries have mandatory vaccination can be found in the Vaccine Scheduler .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teave, mis riikides on vaktsineerimine kohustuslik, on vaktsineerimisgraafiku jaotises.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Each EU/EEA country decides if vaccination is mandatory or voluntary in its territory.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Iga ELi/EMP riik otsustab, kas vaktsineerimine on riigis kohustuslik või vabatahtlik.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>EU/EEA countries have achieved high vaccination coverage rates through mandatory and non-mandatory vaccination.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi/EMP riigid on tänu kohustuslikule ja mittekohustuslikule vaktsineerimisele saavutanud kõrge vaktsineeritustaseme.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="36">
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<seg>Each EU/EEA country implements its own immunisation programme.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Iga ELi/EMP riik rakendab oma vaktsineerimiskava.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="37">
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<seg>In 12 EU/EEA countries, vaccinating children against some diseases is mandatory, although different vaccines are required as mandatory in those countries.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>12 ELi/EMP riigis on kohustuslik vaktsineerida lapsi mõne haiguse vastu, kuigi see, mis haiguse vastu vaktsineerimine on kohustuslik, oleneb riigist.</seg>
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<seg>Most EU/EEA countries offer vaccination on a recommended basis.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamikus ELi/EMP riikides toimub vaktsineerimine soovituslikul alusel.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="39">
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<seg>Children are infected slightly more often than adults.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lapsed haigestuvad veidi sagedamini kui täiskasvanud.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>The 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza pandemic accounted for 123 000 to 203 000 deaths worldwide and a significant global socio-economic burden (3).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>2009. aastal levinud A(H1N1)pdm09 gripi pandeemia põhjustas maailmas 123 000-203 000 surmajuhtu ja ka olulise ülemaailmse sotsiaal-majandusliku koormuse (3).</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="41">
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<seg>Most EU Member States follow the WHO recommendations to vaccinate pregnant women, and some follow recommendations to vaccinate healthy children aged 6 - 59 months.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamik ELi liikmesriikide järgib WHO soovitust vaktsineerida rasedaid ja mõni järgib ka soovitust vaktsineerida terveid 6-59 kuu vanuseid lapsi.</seg>
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<tu tuid="42">
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<seg>The World Health Organization (WHO) also recommends vaccination for healthcare workers.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon (WHO) soovitab vaktsineerida ka tervishoiutöötajaid.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Influenza is easily transmitted from person to person.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Gripp levib kergesti inimeselt inimesele.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Even so, about half of the children and working-age adults needing admission to intensive care have no pre-existing medical conditions.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Samas ei ole ligikaudu pooltel intensiivravi vajavatel lastel ja tööealistel täiskasvanutel varasemaid terviseprobleeme.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="45">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The EU Council Recommendation on seasonal influenza vaccination encourages countries to improve vaccination coverage among healthcare workers.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi nõukogu soovituses hooajalise gripi vastase vaktsineerimise kohta julgustatakse riike suurendama tervishoiutöötajate vaktsineeritust.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>In Europe, influenza occurs in regular annual epidemics in the winter season.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Euroopas esineb grippi iga-aastaste epideemiatena talvehooajal.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="47">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>An update of seasonal influenza vaccines is needed yearly, since influenza viruses constantly evolve.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Hooajalise gripi vaktsiine tuleb igal aastal ajakohastada, sest gripiviirused muutuvad pidevalt.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="48">
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<seg>The EU Member States recommend seasonal influenza vaccination for risk groups, such as the elderly, as well as individuals with chronic medical conditions like heart disease, problems with the lungs and airways, diabetes or immune system problems.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi liikmesriikides soovitatakse hooajalise gripi vastu vaktsineerimist teatud riskirühmadele, näiteks eakatele ja isikutele, kellel on kroonilised terviseprobleemid, nagu südamehaigus, kopsude ja hingamisteede haigused, diabeet või immuunsüsteemi häired.</seg>
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<seg>Animals can also be infected with influenza.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ka loomad võivad nakatuda grippi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>For most cases of influenza, patients are advised to take bed rest and drink plenty of fluids in order to manage their symptoms; staying at home also minimises the risk of infecting others.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamasti soovitatakse gripipatsientidel olla voodis ja juua sümptomite leevendamiseks palju vedelikku; koju jäämine vähendab ka teiste inimeste nakatamise riski.</seg>
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<seg>In addition to seasonal epidemics, novel influenza viruses may occasionally emerge and cause pandemics.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisaks hooajalistele gripiepideemiatele võivad aeg-ajalt tekkivad uued gripiviirused põhjustada pandeemiaid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="52">
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<seg>Not everyone who is infected with an influenza virus becomes unwell.</seg>
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<seg>Kõik gripiviirusega nakatunud ei haigestu.</seg>
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<seg>In addition to vaccination, antiviral medicines have been shown to be safe and effective measures to prevent influenza infection or to reduce the severity of infection in certain settings, such as nursing homes.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisaks vaktsiinidele aitavad ka viirusvastased ravimid ohutult ja efektiivselt ennetada gripinakkust ja vähendada nakatumise raskust teatud keskkondades, näiteks õenduskodudes.</seg>
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<seg>Influenza pandemics happen when a new strain of a flu virus appears which can infect humans, to which most people have no immunity and which can transmit efficiently from human to human.</seg>
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<seg>Gripipandeemia tekib, kui ilmub uus inimesi nakatav gripiviiruse tüvi, mille suhtes ei ole immuunsust ja mis võib kergesti levida inimeselt inimesele.</seg>
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<seg>These epidemics are associated with high hospitalisation rates and mortality.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Gripiepideemiatega kaasnevad suur haiglaravi määr ja suremus.</seg>
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<seg>Approximately 20% of the population gets infected with influenza each year and one in four infected people will develop symptoms.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Igal aastal haigestub grippi ligikaudu 20% elanikkonnast, kuid sümptomid tekivad nakatunutest veerandil.</seg>
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<seg>In uncomplicated cases, symptoms resolve spontaneously within one week from onset.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tüsistusteta juhtudel kaovad sümptomid ühe nädala jooksul.</seg>
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<seg>Patients are advised to seek medical advice if their condition continues to get worse.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Patsientidel soovitatakse seisundi halvenemisel arsti poole pöörduda.</seg>
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<seg>For those that do, common symptoms include:</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Haigestunutel esinevad enamasti järgmised sümptomid:</seg>
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<seg>Severe illness and complications are more common in very young infants, the frail elderly and certain medical risk groups.</seg>
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<seg>Haigus kulgeb raskelt ja tüsistustega enamasti imikutel, nõrga tervisega eakatel ja teatud meditsiinilistes riskirühmades.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza.</seg>
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<seg>Tõhusaim gripiennetuseviis on vaktsineerimine.</seg>
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<seg>A pandemic is the rapid spread of a new human influenza around the world.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Pandeemia tähendab uue inimeste gripi ülemaailmset levikut.</seg>
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<seg>In some cases, humans can be infected by animals, such as in cases of avian and swine influenza.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vahel võivad loomad nakatada ka inimesi, näiteks lindude ja sigade gripi korral.</seg>
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<seg>Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by infection with an influenza virus.</seg>
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<seg>Gripp on gripiviirusega nakatumisest tingitud nakkuslik hingamisteede haigus.</seg>
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<seg>The severity of the disease varies widely, from no symptoms at all through to severe illness.</seg>
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<seg>Haiguse raskus on väga varieeruv, sümptomiteta kuni raske seisundini.</seg>
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<seg>The mortality rate due to influenza has been estimated in the EU/EEA countries participating to the EuroMOMO network (1) to be as high as 25 deaths per 100 000 population in the 2016/27 and 2017/18 influenza seasons (2).</seg>
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<seg>EuroMOMO võrgustikus (1) osalevates ELi/EMP riikides oli suremus gripi tõttu 2016./17.</seg>
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<seg>However, antivirals are generally recommended for severe or rapidly progressing cases.</seg>
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<seg>Neid soovitatakse siiski peamiselt raske või kiiresti halveneva seisundiga patsientidele.</seg>
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<seg>This is mainly via direct contact with secretions from infectious patients, such as droplets of fluid released when they cough or breathe out.</seg>
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<seg>Levik toimub peamiselt nakatunud patsientide eritistega, nt köhimisel või väljahingamisel õhku sattuvate piiskadega otsekokkupuute kaudu.</seg>
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<seg>Complications of influenza include pneumonia and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).</seg>
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<seg>Gripitüsistused on näiteks kopsupõletik ja entsefaliit (peaajupõletik).</seg>
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<seg>What is influenza?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on gripp?</seg>
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<seg>In some cases patients develop bacterial complications following influenza infection and need to be treated with antibiotics.</seg>
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<seg>Mõnel gripipatsiendil võivad tekkida ka bakteriaalsed tüsistused, mida tuleb ravida antibiootikumidega.</seg>
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<seg>How is influenza spread?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas gripp levib?</seg>
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<seg>Antiviral medicines, taken as rapidly as possible after illness onset, are safe and effective measures for the treatment of influenza.</seg>
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<seg>Gripi vastu on ohutud ja tõhusad ka viirusvastased ravimid, mida tuleb võtta võimalikult kiiresti pärast nakatumist.</seg>
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<seg>sore throat;</seg>
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<seg>kuiv köha.</seg>
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<seg>Who is at risk of influenza?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kes võivad grippi nakatuda?</seg>
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<seg>People with pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk of their condition worsening following influenza infection.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Olemasolev terviseprobleem võib pärast grippi nakatumist süveneda.</seg>
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<seg>How is influenza treated?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas grippi ravitakse?</seg>
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<seg>2019; Volume 25, Issue 10, 1266 - 1276.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ja 2017./18.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>How can influenza be prevented?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas grippi ennetada?</seg>
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<seg>It is also spread via secretions on hands, tissues and surfaces that people touch.</seg>
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<seg>Gripp võib levida ka nakatunu eritistega saastunud käte, taskurättide ja pindade kaudu.</seg>
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<seg>What are the symptoms of influenza?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on gripisümptomid?</seg>
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<seg>They are also less likely to infect others.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>On ka vähem tõenäoline, et nad nakatavad teisi.</seg>
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<seg>Each virus and bacterium triggers a unique response in the immune system involving a specific set of cells in the blood...</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Iga viirus ja bakter tekitab immuunsüsteemis ainulaadse reaktsiooni, mis hõlmab teatud rakukogumit vereringes…</seg>
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<seg>It typically provides lifelong protection and has an effectiveness of around 97-99% among healthy children who receive two doses.</seg>
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<seg>Tüüpiliselt tagab see eluaegse kaitse ja selle efektiivsus tervetel lastel, kes saavad kaks annust, on ligikaudu 97-99%.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines prevent diseases that could otherwise cause serious health problems, permanent disability or even death.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiinid ennetavad haigusi, mis võivad muidu põhjustada raskeid terviseprobleeme, püsivat puuet või isegi surma.</seg>
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<seg>As with any medicine, no vaccine is 100% effective in every person vaccinated.</seg>
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<seg>Nagu iga ravim, ei ole ükski vaktsiin ühelgi vaktsineeritul 100% efektiivne.</seg>
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<seg>Effectiveness in an individual depends on a number of factors.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Individuaalne efektiivsus sõltub mitmest tegurist, näiteks järgmistest:</seg>
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<seg>Individual European countries decide which vaccines should be part of their national vaccination programmes and funded by their national health systems.</seg>
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<seg>Iga Euroopa riik otsustab, mis vaktsiinid on riiklikus vaktsineerimiskavas ja mida rahastab riiklik tervishoiusüsteem.</seg>
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<seg>Once a vaccine is approved for use, EU/EEA national authorities and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), continually monitor side effects in people who have received the vaccine.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui vaktsiin on kasutamiseks heaks kiidetud, jälgivad ELi/EMP riiklikud ametiasutused ja Euroopa Ravimiamet (EMA) pidevalt kõrvalnähte inimestel, kes on saanud seda vaktsiini.</seg>
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<seg>Before a vaccine can be approved in the EU, it has to undergo rigorous testing by its developer...</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enne vaktsiini heakskiitmist ELis peab selle arendaja seda põhjalikult uurima…</seg>
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<seg>In these cases, however, the person's symptoms are often milder than they would have been without vaccination.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nendel juhtudel on siiski sümptomid sageli kergemad kui vaktsineerimata inimesel.</seg>
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<seg>For example, the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) is highly effective at preventing disease.</seg>
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<seg>Näide: leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste kolmikvaktsiin (MMR) on nende haiguste ennetamisel väga efektiivne.</seg>
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<seg>Approval of vaccines in the European Union</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinide heakskiitmine Euroopa Liidus</seg>
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<seg>A vaccine's ability to prevent a specific disease determines its effectiveness.</seg>
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<seg>See, kas vaktsiin suudab ennetada teatud haigust, määrab vaktsiini efektiivsuse.</seg>
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<seg>Authorised vaccines are effective at preventing disease and protecting the population when administered correctly.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Heakskiidetud vaktsiinid on haiguse ennetamisel ja elanikkonna kaitsel efektiivsed, kuid neid kasutatakse õigesti.</seg>
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<seg>This is due to the person not developing sufficient protection against the disease or due to immunity decreasing over time.</seg>
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<seg>Põhjus võib olla, et tema organismis ei tekkinud haiguse vastu piisavat kaitset või on immuunsus aja jooksul vähenenud.</seg>
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<seg>Monitoring vaccine safety and reporting side effects</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinide ohutuse seire ja kõrvalnähtude teatamine</seg>
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<seg>how the vaccine is given;</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>kuidas vaktsineeritakse;</seg>
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<seg>In some circumstances, a person can still get a disease even after receiving the recommended doses of a vaccine against it.</seg>
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<seg>Mõnikord võib inimene siiski haigestuda haigusesse, mille vastu ta on vaktsineeritud soovitatud annustega.</seg>
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<seg>Benefits of vaccinating</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimise kasulikkus</seg>
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<seg>the vaccine.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>vaktsiin ise.</seg>
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<seg>How vaccines work</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas vaktsiinid toimivad?</seg>
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<seg>Catch-up vaccination and boosters</seg>
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<seg>Järelvaktsineerimine ja võimendusannused</seg>
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<seg>If a person does not know if they have been vaccinated against a certain disease they can usually get an extra dose without increasing the risk of serious side effects (1).</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui isik ei tea, kas teda on teatud haiguse vastu vaktsineeritud, võib ta tavaliselt saada lisaannuse ilma raskete kõrvalnähtude riski suurenemiseta (1).</seg>
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<seg>Most vaccines provide lifelong immunity.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamik vaktsiine tekitab eluaegse immuunsuse.</seg>
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<seg>Everyone should check if they have had the nationally recommended vaccinations, and consult a medical professional in case any catch-ups are needed.</seg>
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<seg>Igaüks peab kontrollima, kas tal on riigis soovitatud vaktsineerimised saadud, ja järelvaktsineerimise vajaduse korral konsulteerima arstiga.</seg>
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<seg>Catch-up vaccination programmes for specific diseases may be organised.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Korraldada võidakse teatud haiguste vastaseid järelvaktsineerimise kavu.</seg>
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<seg>For example, due to an increasing number of measles cases among teenagers and young adults, catch-up programmes exist in a number of EU/EEA countries for people who may have missed the measles vaccination when they were younger or are too old to have received it as a child.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näiteks leetrijuhtude sagenemise tõttu noorukitel ja noortel täiskasvanutel on mitmes ELi/EMP riigis olemas järelvaktsineerimiskavad inimestele, kellel jäi nooremana leetrivaktsiin saamata või kelle lapsepõlves leetrite vastu veel ei vaktsineeritud.</seg>
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<seg>Some people may have missed a vaccination or did not get the recommended number of doses.</seg>
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<seg>Mõnel inimesel võib olla jäänud teatud vaktsineerimine tegemata või ei saanud nad soovitatavat arvu annuseid.</seg>
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<seg>This may involve looking at vaccination records or the vaccination schedules in place when the person was born.</seg>
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<seg>Selleks võib olla vaja kontrollida vaktsineerimisandmeid või sünniriigis kehtivat vaktsineerimiskava.</seg>
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<seg>Some countries recommend booster doses at regular intervals during adolescence and adulthood, in order to maintain immunity over a longer period of time, against for example:</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnes riigis soovitatakse võimendusannuseid korrapäraste vaheaegade järel noore ja täiskasvanuna, et säilitada immuunsus pika aja jooksul näiteks järgmiste haiguste vastu:</seg>
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<seg>For some diseases, such as varicella (chickenpox) and rubella, it is also possible to do a test to check if the person is immune.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõne haiguse korral (nt tuulerõuged ja punetised) saab immuunsust kontrollida ka laboritestiga.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>However, some vaccines provide immunity that decreases over time, known as ‘waning immunity'.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõni vaktsiin tekitab siiski immuunsuse, mis väheneb aja jooksul.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="114">
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<seg>They can still catch up.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Järelvaktsineerimine on siiski võimalik.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>Vaccination is the only way to ensure direct protection against tetanus.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimine on ainuke viis tagada vahetu kaitse teetanuse vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="116">
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<seg>Benefits of vaccination for individuals</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimise kasulikkus üksikisikutele</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="117">
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<seg>Benefits of vaccination for the community</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimise kasulikkus kogukonnale</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="118">
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<seg>Vaccination protects the vaccinated persons and those around them who are vulnerable to the diseases, reducing the risk of diseases spreading among family members, school mates or colleagues, friends, neighbours and other people in the community.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimine kaitseb vaktsineerituid ja neid ümbritsevaid isikuid, kes on haiguste suhtes vastuvõtlikud, vähendades haiguste leviku riski pereliikmete, kooli- või töökaaslaste, sõprade, naabrite ja muude kogukonna liikmete seas.</seg>
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<seg>For example, to ensure community immunity against measles, public health authorities recommend that 95% of the population are vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine against measles (the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps and rubella).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näiteks leetritevastase immuunsuse tagamiseks soovitavad rahvaterviseasutused, et 95% populatsioonist peab olema vaktsineeritud leetritevastase vaktsiini (MMR-vaktsiin, mis kaitseb leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste vastu) kahe annusega.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>For example, tetanus can be encountered due to common injuries, including dog or cat bites.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näiteks võib teetanuse saada argivigastuste kaudu, sealhulgas koera- või kassihammustusega.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Furthermore, immunisation programmes help reduce the social, psychological and financial burdens of disease on people and governments, reducing pressures on healthcare and social care systems and enabling people to pursue productive activities including education and employment.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisaks aitavad immuniseerimiskavad vähendada inimeste ja riikide haiguspõhist sotsiaalset, psühholoogilist ja rahalist koormust, vähendades survet tervishoiule ja sotsiaalhoolduse süsteemidele ning võimaldades inimestel osaleda tootlikus tegevuses, näiteks hariduses või tööhõives.</seg>
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<seg>It means that people who cannot be vaccinated, for instance because they are too young or allergic to vaccine components, benefit from others being vaccinated, because the disease cannot easily spread in the community.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seega on inimestele, keda ei saa vaktsineerida (nt seetõttu, et nad on liiga noored või allergilised vaktsiini koostisosade suhtes), kasulik, kui muud inimesed on vaktsineeritud, sest haigus ei saa kogukonnas enam kergesti levida.</seg>
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<seg>These include babies, children, the elderly, people with weak immune systems, cancer patients, and people who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need on imikud, lapsed, eakad, nõrga immuunsüsteemiga inimesed, vähipatsiendid ja inimesed, keda ei saa meditsiiniliste vastunäidustuste tõttu vaktsineerida.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>In this way, vaccines indirectly protect others who are vulnerable to disease.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seega kaitsevad vaktsiinid kaudselt isikuid, kes on haiguse suhtes vastuvõtlikud.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>However, people cannot rely on community immunity for some infectious diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sellegipoolest ei saa inimesed loota kogukonnaimmuunsusele teatud infektsioonihaiguste korral.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="126">
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<seg>When enough people in a population are immune to an infectious disease, the disease is then unlikely to spread from person to person.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui teatud populatsioonis on piisavalt palju inimesi immuunsed konkreetse nakkushaiguse vastu, on ebatõenäoline, et see haigus leviks inimeselt inimesele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Community immunity occurs when enough people in a population are immune to an infectious disease</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kogukonnaimmuunsus tekib, kui populatsioonis on piisavalt palju inimesi, kes on immuunsed konkreetse nakkushaiguse vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>This is known as 'community immunity' (also referred to as 'herd immunity').</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda nähtust nimetatakse kogukonnaimmuunsuseks ehk rühmaimmuunsuseks.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>When symptoms do occur, they include:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui sümptomid tekivad, on need näiteks järgmised:</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="130">
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<seg>Two doses of the vaccine are needed for maximum protection.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Maksimaalseks kaitseks on vaja kaht vaktsiiniannust.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>The first dose is given between 10 and 18 months of age in most European countries.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamikus Euroopa riikides manustatakse esimene annus 10-18 kuu vanuselt.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="132">
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<seg>The MMR vaccine is safe and effective and has very few side effects.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>MMR-vaktsiin on ohutu ja efektiivne ning sel on väga vähe kõrvalnähte.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="133">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>red rash;</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>punane lööve;</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="134">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Some vaccine recipients develop a non-infectious mild measles-like rash, typically 7-14 days after vaccination, which disappears within 1-3 days.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnel vaktsiini saanutest tekib mittenakkuslik kerge leetritetaoline lööve (tavaliselt 7-14 päeva pärast vaktsineerimist), mis kaob 1-3 päevaga.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="135">
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<seg>The second dose can be given one month or more after the first dose, in accordance with the national vaccination schedule.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teise annuse tohib manustada vähemalt 1 kuu pärast esimest annust, vastavalt riiklikule vaktsineerimiskavale.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="136">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The only protection against rubella is vaccination.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ainus võimalus punetiste eest kaitsta on vaktsineerimine.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="137">
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<seg>Women who plan to become pregnant should check their vaccination status, as they cannot be vaccinated against rubella during pregnancy.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Naistel, kes kavatsevad rasestuda, tuleb kontrollida oma vaktsineerimisstaatust, sest raseduse ajal ei tohi punetiste vastu vaktsineerida.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="138">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>In healthy individuals it is usually a mild disease.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tervetel kulgeb haigus tavaliselt kergelt.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="139">
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<seg>Up to 50% of people infected with rubella do not experience symptoms.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sümptomeid ei teki kuni 50%-l nakatunutest.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="140">
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<seg>The MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>MMR-vaktsiin on kombineeritud vaktsiin, mis kaitseb leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="141">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How can rubella be prevented?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas punetisi ennetada?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="142">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>However, if a woman gets rubella during the first three months of pregnancy, it is very likely to result in miscarriage or a baby born with congenital anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui rase nakatub punetistesse raseduse esimesel kolmandikul, võib see suure tõenäosusega põhjustada raseduse katkemist või kaasasündinud anomaaliatega (kaasasündinud punetistesündroomiga) lapse sündi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="143">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Rubella (German measles) is a viral infection.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Punetised on viirusinfektsioon.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="144">
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<seg>Mild reactions such as fever, redness or swelling at the injection site have been reported.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teatatud on kergetest reaktsioonidest, näiteks palavikust ning süstekoha punetusest ja tursest.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="145">
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<seg>The consequences for unvaccinated pregnant women that get rubella are particularly severe, due to the likelihood that contracting the disease during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or CRS in their babies.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Eriti rasked on punetiste tagajärjed punetistesse nakatunud vaktsineerimata rasedatel tõenäosuse tõttu, et raseduse ajal tekkinud haigus võib põhjustada raseduse katkemist või kaasasündinud punetistesündroomi lapsel.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="146">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>What are the symptoms of rubella?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on punetiste sümptomid?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="147">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>swollen lymph glands around the ears and the back of the head;</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>turses lümfisõlmed kõrva- ja kuklapiirkonnas;</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="148">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How is rubella spread?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas punetised levivad?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="149">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Anyone who has not had the disease or who has not been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine is at risk of contracting rubella.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Risk nakatuda on igaühel, kellel ei ole varem olnud seda haigust või keda ei ole vaktsineeritud MMR-vaktsiiniga.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="150">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The rubella virus is spread via airborne droplets produced when the infected person coughs and sneezes.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Punetiste viirus levib nakatunu köhimisel ja aevastamisel tekkivate piiskadega õhu kaudu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="151">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>CRS can lead to deafness, cataracts and learning disabilities in the baby.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kaasasündinud punetistesündroom võib põhjustada lapsel kurtust, kaesid ja õpiraskusi.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="152">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How is rubella treated?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas punetisi ravitakse?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="153">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Who is at risk of rubella?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kes võib nakatuda punetistesse?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="154">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>pain and inflammation of the joints in adults.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>liigesevalu täiskasvanutel.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="155">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>What are the complications of rubella?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on punetiste tüsistused?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="156">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>What is rubella?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis haigus on punetised?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="157">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Safety, quality and standards</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ohutus, kvaliteet ja standardid</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="158">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The first vaccine was developed in the 18th century in the United Kingdom.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Esimene vaktsiin töötati välja 18. sajandil Ühendkuningriigis.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="159">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Serious side effects are very rare.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Raskeid kõrvalnähte esineb väga harva.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="160">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The vaccine can only be approved for use in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) after a scientific evaluation of the results of these tests to ensure its quality, safety and effectiveness.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiin kiidetakse kasutamiseks heaks Euroopa Liidus (EL) ja Euroopa Majanduspiirkonnas (EMP) ainult pärast uuringutulemuste teaduslikku hindamist, et tagada kvaliteet, ohutus ja tõhusus.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="161">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Only then, after approval, can a vaccine be manufactured, marketed and used to protect people.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ainult pärast heakskiitmist tohib vaktsiini toota, turustada ja kasutada inimeste kaitseks.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="162">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The last known naturally occurring case was recorded in 1977 in Somalia.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teadaolevalt viimane kord haigestuti looduslikult rõugetesse 1977. aastal Somaalias.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="163">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The vaccine is continuously monitored to ensure it remains safe and effective.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Pidevalt toimub vaktsiini järelevalve, et tagada selle püsiv ohutus ja tõhusus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="164">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>As with any medicine, some people may experience side effects from a vaccine, but these are usually mild and short-lived.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nagu mis tahes ravim, võib vaktsiin tekitada mõnel inimesel kõrvalnähte, kuid need on tavaliselt kerged ja lühiajalised.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="165">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The scientific experts evaluating vaccines always consider the benefits and any potential risks very carefully, in particular because vaccines are given to healthy people.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teaduseksperdid, kes hindavad vaktsiine, kaalutlevad kasulikkust ja võimalikke riske alati väga hoolikalt, eriti seepärast, et vaktsiine kasutavad terved inimesed.</seg>
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<tu tuid="166">
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<seg>They mainly target diseases caused by viruses or bacteria.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Peamiselt on need suunatud viirus- ja bakterhaiguste vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="167">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>This evaluation needs to show that a vaccine's benefits in protecting people against diseases are far greater than any potential risk.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Hinnang peab tõendama, et vaktsiini kasulikkus inimeste kaitsmisel haiguste eest on oluliselt suurem kui mis tahes võimalik risk.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="168">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Nowadays, there are vaccines for many diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tänapäeval on vaktsiinid olemas paljude haiguste vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="169">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Vaccines are used worldwide as a highly effective way to protect people from contracting infectious diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kogu maailmas kasutatakse vaktsiine väga tõhusa vahendina, millega kaitsta inimesi nakkushaigustesse nakatumise eest.</seg>
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<tu tuid="170">
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<seg>Smallpox is now eradicated worldwide in humans thanks to vaccination.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Rõuged on nüüd likvideeritud kogu maailma inimestel, tänu vaktsineerimisele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="171">
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<seg>Recently, a vaccine was developed against Ebola virus disease, and research is underway on vaccines to protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Hiljuti töötati välja vaktsiin Ebola viiruse vastu ja arendamisel on vaktsiin, mis kaitseb inimese immuunpuudulikkuse viiruse (HIV) eest.</seg>
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<seg>Before any new vaccine can be used, it has to undergo rigorous testing.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enne uue vaktsiini kasutamist tehakse sellega põhjalikke uuringuid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>They also help to prevent the spread of diseases in the community.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiinid takistavad ka haiguste levikut kogukonnas.</seg>
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<seg>Research is ongoing to develop vaccines against more diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tehakse uuringuid, et arendada vaktsiine veel rohkemate haiguste vastu.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>They can include mild fever, or pain or redness at the injection site.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need on näiteks väike palavik või süstekoha valu või punetus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Vaccines work by ‘teaching' a person's immune system (the body's natural defences) to defend itself against a specific disease.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinid valmistavad immuunsüsteemi (organismi looduslikke kaitsemehhanisme) ette kaitsma organismi konkreetse haiguse eest.</seg>
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<seg>It was a vaccine against smallpox, a deadly disease.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See kaitses surmava haiguse rõugete, eest.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>This is called the antigen.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda nimetatakse antigeeniks.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Immunity usually lasts for years, and sometimes for a lifetime.</seg>
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<seg>Immuunsus kestab tavaliselt aastaid, vahel isegi kogu eluea.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The person is also at risk of complications.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tal on ka risk saada tüsistusi.</seg>
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<seg>This ‘ community immunity ' can only work if enough people are vaccinated.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>See nn kogukonnaimmuunsus toimib üksnes juhul, kui vaktsineeritud on piisavalt inimesi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The length of time varies by disease and by vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kestus on eri haiguste ja vaktsiinide korral erinev.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Immunity through vaccination protects not only the immunised individual but also protects unvaccinated people in the community, such as infants who are too young to be vaccinated.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimisel saadud immuunsus kaitseb peale vaktsineeritu ka vaktsineerimata inimesi kogukonnas, näiteks imikuid, kes on vaktsineerimiseks liiga noored.</seg>
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<seg>Each virus and bacterium triggers a unique response in the immune system involving a specific set of cells in the blood, in the bone marrow and all over the body, called T-cells, B-cells, among others.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Iga viirus ja bakter tekitab immuunsüsteemis ainulaadse reaktsiooni, mis hõlmab teatud rakukogumit (nt T- ja B-rakke) vereringes, luuüdis ja kogu organismis</seg>
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<seg>It will then quickly produce the right antibodies and activate the right immune cells to kill the virus or bacterium, protecting the person from the disease.</seg>
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<seg>Immuunsüsteem toodab seejärel kiiresti õigeid antikehi ja aktiveerib konkreetset viirust või bakterit hävitavad immuunrakud, et kaitsta inimest haiguse eest.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines contain a greatly weakened or an inactivated (killed) form of a virus or bacterium that usually causes a disease, or a small part of the virus or bacterium.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinid sisaldavad tavaliselt haigust põhjustava, nõrgestatud või inaktiveeritud (hävitatud) viiruse või bakteri tüüpi või väikest osa.</seg>
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<seg>Later, if the person comes into contact with the actual infectious virus or bacterium, their immune system will ‘remember' it.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Hiljem tegeliku nakkusviiruse või ‑bakteriga kokku puutudes immuunsüsteem nn mäletab seda.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Antibodies are special proteins that help kill the infectious agent.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Antikehad on valgud, mis aitavad hävitada nakkusetekitajat.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>A vaccine stimulates an immune response, and a ‘memory' of the body to a specific disease, without causing the disease.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Vaktsiin stimuleerib immuunvastust ja organismi võimet teatud haigust hiljem nn mäletada, ilma tegelikult haigust põhjustamata.</seg>
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<seg>When a person is given the vaccine, their immune system recognises the antigen as ‘foreign'.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui inimesele manustatakse vaktsiini, peab immuunsüsteem antigeeni võõraks.</seg>
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<seg>In contrast, a person who becomes immune by getting the disease can expose other unvaccinated people to the disease.</seg>
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<seg>Haigestumise tõttu immuunseks muutunud isik aga asetab teised, vaktsineerimata inimesed, haigestumisohtu.</seg>
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<seg>The immune cells are trained to kill and make antibodies against the disease-causing agent.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Immuunrakke õpetatakse hävitama haigustekitajat ja tootma selle vastu antikehi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Immuunvastus</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="194">
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<seg>information shared by other regulators.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>muude reguleerimisasutuste jagatud teave.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="195">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>This ensures that any possible risks are detected and managed as soon as possible.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See tagab, et kõik võimalikud riskid leitakse ja kõrvaldatakse võimalikult kiiresti.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>It analyses many sources of data, including:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA analüüsib paljusid andmeallikaid, näiteks järgmisi:</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>reports from patients, parents and healthcare professionals;</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>patsientide, lapsevanemate ja tervishoiutöötajate teated;</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="198">
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<seg>For example, they can provide updated guidance to healthcare workers, or even restrict the use of a vaccine in certain groups.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nad võivad näiteks anda tervishoiutöötajatele uuendatud juhised või isegi piirata vaktsiini kasutamist teatud rühmadel.</seg>
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<seg>When needed, EMA and the other European regulators take action.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vajaduse korral võtavad EMA ja Euroopa muud reguleerimisasutused meetmeid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Once a vaccine is approved for use, EU/EEA national authorities and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), continually monitor side effects in people who have received the vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui vaktsiin on kasutamiseks heaks kiidetud, jälgivad ELi/EMP riiklikud ametiasutused ja Euroopa Ravimiamet (EMA), pidevalt kõrvalnähte inimestel, kes on saanud seda vaktsiini.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="201">
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<seg>The process of monitoring the safety and managing the risks of medicines is called ‘pharmacovigilance'.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ravimite ohutuse seiret ja nende riskide haldamist nimetatakse ravimiohutuse järelevalveks.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="202">
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<seg>EMA checks new information on the safety of all vaccines available in Europe.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA kontrollib kõigi Euroopas turustatavate vaktsiinide uut ohutusteavet.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="203">
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<seg>Patients, healthcare professionals and pharmaceutical companies should report all suspected side effects to their national medicines regulatory authority.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Patsiendid, tervishoiutöötajad ja ravimifirmad peavad teatama kõik võimalikud kõrvalnähud riigi ravimiametile.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>For more information, see:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave:</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="205">
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<seg>EMA carefully assesses suspected side effects to determine if there is a causal link with the vaccine or not.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>EMA hindab võimalikke kõrvalnähte hoolikalt, et leida, kas põhjuslik seos vaktsiiniga on olemas või mitte.</seg>
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<seg>This helps to rule out the possibility that it was a coincidence or that it was caused by factors unrelated to the vaccine itself.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See aitab välistada, et kõrvalnähu põhjustas juhuslik kokkulangevus või tegurid, mis ei olnud vaktsiiniga seotud, näiteks haigus või vaktsineerimisega seotud ärevus.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="207">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Information on these reported suspected side effects is publicly available on the European database of suspected adverse drug reaction reports .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teatatud oletatavate kõrvaltoimete teave on avaldatud ravimite võimalike kõrvaltoimete teatiste Euroopa andmebaasis .</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="208">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>More information on how to report suspected side effects can be found in the prescribing information or package leaflet or the European database of suspected adverse drug reaction reports .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Võimalike kõrvaltoimete teatamise lisateave on ravimiteabes, pakendi infolehel ja ravimite võimalike kõrvaltoimete teatiste Euroopa andmebaasis .</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Monitoring vaccine safety &amp; reporting side effects</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>kliinilised uuringud;</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="210">
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<seg>These include:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need on järgmised:</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="211">
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<seg>Regulators check that their benefits are weighed against the risk of any reactions to them.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Reguleerimisasutused kontrollivad, et nende ainete kasulikkust võrreldakse nende tekitatavate võimalike reaktsioonide riskiga.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="212">
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<seg>Whenever these substances are present at a level that might trigger a reaction in a sensitive or allergic individual, their presence is declared in the information provided to healthcare workers and patients on the vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui neid aineid esineb koguses, mis võib põhjustada reaktsiooni tundlikul või allergilisel isikul, deklareeritakse nende esinemine teabes, mis esitatakse vaktsiini kohta tervishoiutöötajatele ja patsientidele.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>These substances are consistently controlled to ensure they are present at levels that have been shown to be safe.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Neid aineid kontrollitakse pidevalt, tagamaks, et need on vaktsiinis koguses, mis on tõendatult ohutu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="214">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>excipients: these are inactive ingredients, like water, or sodium chloride (salt), as well as the preservatives or stabilisers that help the vaccine remain unchanged during storage, keeping it active.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>abiained - on mitteaktiivsed koostisosad, näiteks vesi või naatriumkloriid (keedusool), samuti konservandid või stabilisaatorid, mis soodustavad vaktsiini säilimist muutumatuna ladustamise ajal, säilitades samas selle aktiivsuse.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>In addition to one or more antigens, there are other components in a vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Peale vähemalt ühe antigeeni on vaktsiinis ka muid koostisosi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>There may also be trace amounts of other substances used in the manufacturing process, such as ovalbumin (a protein found in eggs) or neomycin (an antibiotic).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Samuti võib vaktsiin sisaldada tootmisprotsessis kasutatud ainete jääke, näiteks ovoalbumiini (teatud munavalk) või neomütsiini (antibiootikum).</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>adjuvants: these improve the immune response to the vaccine by making the response stronger, faster and more sustained in time.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>adjuvandid - parandavad immuunvastust vaktsiinile, muutes selle toime tugevamaks, kiiremaks ja püsivamaks (näiteks alumiinium);</seg>
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<seg>For example, the package leaflet will state if there are special precautions for use of a vaccine in people with certain allergies, such as vaccines including trace amounts of egg in people with an egg allergy.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nii on pakendi infolehel kirjas, mis eriettevaatusmeetmeid tuleb võtta vaktsiini kasutamisel teatud allergiatega inimestel, näiteks munaallergiaga inimestel munajääke sisaldavate vaktsiinide korral.</seg>
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<seg>Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiini koostisosad</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>When to avoid vaccination</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Millal mitte vaktsineerida?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="221">
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<seg>Immunocompromised patients also benefit from those around them being fully vaccinated (such as family members, caregivers), as then they are also indirectly protected.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Immuunpuudulikkusega patsientidele on kasulik, kui nende lähedased (nt pereliikmed ja hooldajad) on täielikult vaktsineeritud, sest see kaitseb neid kaudselt.</seg>
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<seg>Anaphylaxis is a rare, rapid, extreme allergic reaction which can cause shock, swelling and difficulty breathing.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Anafülaktiline reaktsioon on harvaesinev, kiire ja äärmuslik allergiareaktsioon, mis võib tekitada šoki, turse ja hingamisraskusi.</seg>
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<seg>Certain immune system disorders (e.g. congenital immune deficiencies), or medical treatments (e.g. chemotherapy, a bone marrow or other organ transplant, or high doses of steroids) are contraindications for some vaccines, such as measles, mumps, rubella, varicella or oral typhoid.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teatud immuunsüsteemi häired (nt kaasasündinud immuunpuudulikkus) ja ravimeetodid (nt keemiaravi, luuüdi- või elundisiirdamine või suures annuses steroidid) on vastunäidustus teatud vaktsiinide kasutamiseks (nt leetrite, mumpsi, punetiste, tuulerõugete vaktsiin ja suukaudne tüüfusevaktsiin).</seg>
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<seg>In some cases, the completion of the immunisations needed is recommended prior to the start of a treatment, as during the treatment the patient may be at higher risks of infection.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnel juhul on soovitatav ravi alustada alles pärast vaktsineerimist, sest ravi ajal võib patsiendil olla suurem nakatumisrisk.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>It usually occurs within minutes of exposure to the source of the allergy.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tavaliselt tekib see allergiat põhjustava ainega kokkupuute järel mõne minutiga.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="226">
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<seg>A vaccine is contraindicated to those allergic to any of the vaccine active substances or ingredients as listed in the product information.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiin on vastunäidustatud inimestele, kes on allergilised vaktsiini toimeainete või muude koostisosade suhtes, mis on loetletud ravimiteabes.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="227">
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<seg>Some vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy, such as measles, mumps and rubella.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõni vaktsiin on vastunäidustatud raseduse ajal, näiteks vaktsiin leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste vastu.</seg>
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<seg>Women of childbearing age should discuss with their healthcare provider which vaccines are recommended before, during and after pregnancy.</seg>
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<seg>Fertiilses eas naised peavad küsima arstilt, mis vaktsiine soovitatakse kasutada raseduse eel, ajal ja järel.</seg>
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<seg>There may be other contraindications for specific vaccines, which need discussing with the healthcare provider.</seg>
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<seg>Konkreetsetel vaktsiinidel võib olla muid vastunäidustusi, mida tuleb arutada arstiga.</seg>
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<seg>Every effort should be made to see that women receive all routinely recommended vaccines before they reach child-bearing age.</seg>
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<seg>Tuleb teha kõik võimalik, et naised saaksid kõik soovitatavad tavavaktsineerimised enne fertiilsesse ikka jõudmist.</seg>
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<seg>Someone who experiences an anaphylactic or other serious allergic reaction following a certain vaccine should not be given that vaccine again, unless the vaccine is definitively ruled out as the cause.</seg>
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<seg>Kui teatud vaktsiini kasutamise järel on esinenud anafülaktiline reaktsioon või muu raske allergiareaktsioon, ei tohi sama isik enam sama vaktsiini saada, v.a kui on täielikult välistatud, et reaktsiooni põhjustas vaktsiin.</seg>
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<seg>A history of 'anaphylactic' or other serious allergic reaction after receiving a vaccine is a contraindication to further doses of that vaccine.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiiniannuse saamise järel tekkinud anafülaktiline reaktsioon või muu raske allergiareaktsioon on vastunäidustus sama vaktsiini edasiste annuste saamiseks.</seg>
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<seg>A vaccine may be contraindicated for certain people, meaning they should not receive it. Possible contraindications should be always discussed with the healthcare provider before receiving a vaccine.</seg>
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<seg>Võimalikke vastunäidustusi tuleb alati arutada arstiga enne vaktsineerimist.</seg>
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<seg>Read more About us .</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Loe rohkem</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines protect people during different stages of life.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiinid kaitsevad inimesi erinevates eluetappides.</seg>
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<seg>The main purpose of this website is to provide accurate, objective, up-to-date evidence on vaccines and vaccination.</seg>
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<seg>Veebisaidi peamine eesmärk on pakkuda täpseid, objektiivseid ja ajakohaseid tõendeid vaktsiinide ja vaktsineerimise kohta.</seg>
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<seg>European Vaccination Information Portal</seg>
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<seg>Euroopa vaktsineerimise infoportaal</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination protects the vaccinated persons and those around them who are vulnerable to the diseases...</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine kaitseb vaktsineerituid ja neid ümbritsevaid isikuid, kes on haiguste suhtes...</seg>
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<seg>When to vaccinate</seg>
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<seg>Millal vaktsineerida?</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination protects individuals against diseases that could have serious consequences for...</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine kaitseb üksikisikuid haiguste eest, millel võivad olla rasked tagajärjed.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines are recommended for different age...</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiine soovitatakse eri vanuserühmadele...</seg>
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<seg>Trusted sources</seg>
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<seg>Punetised</seg>
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<seg>Pertussis is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the lungs and airways.</seg>
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<seg>Leetrid on väga nakkav viirushaigus, millesse võib nakatuda mis tahes vanuses ja mis võib levida ulatuslikult.</seg>
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<seg>This website does not contain any specific information on the ongoing development of vaccines against COVID-19.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See on Euroopa Liidu algatus, mis töötati välja pärast nõukogu soovitust vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste tõrje koostöö tõhustamise kohta , mis võeti vastu detsembris 2018.</seg>
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<seg>They just take into account different circumstances and health systems.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need üksnes arvestavad riigi tingimusi ja tervishoiusüsteemi.</seg>
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<seg>The differences between vaccination schedules do not mean that some are better than others.</seg>
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<seg>Eri riikide vaktsineerimiskavade erinevus ei tähenda, et mõni oleks teistest parem.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines in the national schedules are given in the appropriate timeframes to ensure adequate protection.</seg>
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<seg>Riigi vaktsineerimiskava vaktsiine kasutatakse asjakohastel aegadel, et tagada piisav kaitse.</seg>
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<seg>These may include the age and population to be vaccinated (for example, all children of a certain age or only those in a risk group), the exact type of vaccine (e.g. some ingredients may differ), the number and timing of doses, and whether a vaccine is given alone or in combination with others.</seg>
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<seg>Erinevused võivad olla seotud vaktsineeritava vanuserühma või rühmaga (nt kõik teatud vanuses lapsed või ainult teatud riskirühm), konkreetne vaktsiiniliik (nt teatud koostisained võivad erineda), vaktsineerimiskordade arv ja ajastus ning see, kas vaktsiini kasutatakse ainuvaktsiinina või koos teiste vaktsiinidega.</seg>
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<seg>Each EU/EEA country is responsible for its own national public health policy, including its national immunisation programme and vaccination schedule.</seg>
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<seg>Iga ELi/EMP riik vastutab oma riikliku rahvatervisepoliitika, sealhulgas riikliku immuniseerimisprogrammi ja vaktsineerimiskava eest.</seg>
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<seg>Factors driving such differences may include the disease's burden, prevalence of the disease and trends in different countries, the resources and structures of healthcare systems, political and cultural factors, as well as the resilience of the vaccination programme.</seg>
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<seg>Erinevusi võivad tingida näiteks haiguskoormus, haiguse levimus ja suundumused eri riikides, tervishoiusüsteemi ressursid ja ülesehitus, poliitika- ja kultuuritegurid ning vaktsineerimiskava säilenõtkus.</seg>
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<seg>The same level of protection is ensured in each EU/EEA country.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Igas ELi/EMP riigis tagatakse samal tasemel kaitse.</seg>
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<seg>Information on the national vaccination schedules in EU/EEA countries can be found in the ECDC Vaccine Scheduler .</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi/EMP riikide riiklike vaktsineerimiskavade teave on ECDC vaktsineerimisgraafiku lehel.</seg>
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<seg>The childhood vaccination schedules in all EU/EEA countries include the vaccination against:</seg>
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<seg>ELi/EMP riikides hõlmavad laste vaktsineerimiskavad vaktsineerimist järgmiste haiguste vastu:</seg>
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<seg>There are some differences in the way countries organise their vaccination schedules, which are similar but not identical in different EU/EEA countries.</seg>
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<seg>Need on ELi/EMP riikides sarnased, kuid mitte täpselt ühesugused.</seg>
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<seg>Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail</seg>
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<seg>leetrid</seg>
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<seg>The first dose is given between 10 and 18 months of age in European countries.</seg>
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<seg>Euroopa riikides manustatakse esimene annus 10-18 kuu vanuselt.</seg>
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<seg>There is no cure for SSPE and it always leads to death.</seg>
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<seg>SSPE ravi puudub ja see lõpeb alati surmaga.</seg>
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<seg>It is estimated that one person with measles can infect on average between 12 and 18 unprotected people.</seg>
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<seg>Hinnanguliselt nakatab üks leetritega inimene 12-18 kaitsmata inimest.</seg>
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<seg>More factsheets</seg>
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<seg>Leetrid</seg>
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<seg>Such dose before the age of nine months is supplementary to the two doses included in the national vaccination programme, which are aimed to give full protection.</seg>
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<seg>Selline enne 9 kuu vanust antav annus täiendab riikliku vaktsineerimiskava kaht annust, mille eesmärk on anda täielik kaitse.</seg>
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<seg>the eyes become red and sensitive to light;</seg>
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<seg>silmad punetavad ja ei talu valgust;</seg>
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<seg>The only protection against measles is vaccination.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ainus võimalus leetrite eest kaitsta on vaktsineerimine.</seg>
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<seg>Symptoms include personality changes, gradual mental deterioration, muscle spasms and other neuromuscular symptoms.</seg>
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<seg>Sümptomid on näiteks isiksuse muutused, järkjärguline dementsus, lihasespasmid ja muud neuromuskulaarsed sümptomid.</seg>
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<seg>There is no specific treatment for measles.</seg>
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<seg>Spetsiifiline leetrite ravi puudub.</seg>
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<seg>on the third to seventh day, the temperature may reach up to 41 ⁰C;</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>3.-7. päeval tekib kõrge palavik (kuni 41 °C);</seg>
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<seg>Measles spreads easily among unvaccinated individuals.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Leetrid levivad vaktsineerimata isikute seas kiiresti.</seg>
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<seg>It is a serious disease that can lead to complications and even death.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Leetrid on raske haigus, mis võib põhjustada tüsistusi ja isegi surma.</seg>
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<seg>Measles symptoms usually appear after 10-12 days of infection:</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Leetrite sümptomid tekivad tavaliselt pärast seda, kui nakatumisest on möödunud 10-12 päeva:</seg>
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<seg>Virus-containing droplets can remain in the air for several hours and the virus remains infectious on contaminated surfaces for up to two hours.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Viirust sisaldavad piisad püsivad õhus mitu tundi ja pindadele sattunud viirus on nakkav kuni kaks tundi.</seg>
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<seg>Antibiotics are not effective against measles because it is caused by a virus.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Antibiootikumid ei ole leetrite vastu efektiivsed, sest leetreid põhjustab viirus.</seg>
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<seg>The mortality rate for measles is 1-3 persons per 1 000 cases and highest in those younger than five years of age and among immunocompromised individuals.</seg>
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<seg>Suremus leetrite tõttu on 1-3 inimest 1000 leetrite juhu kohta ning on suurim alla 5-aastastel lastel ja nõrgenenud immuunsüsteemiga inimestel.</seg>
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<seg>Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be contracted at any age, and that can spread widely.</seg>
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<seg>Leetrid on väga nakkav viirushaigus, millesse võib nakatuda mis tahes vanuses ja mis võib levida ulatuslikult.</seg>
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<seg>Pneumonia is the most common cause of measles-related death.</seg>
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<seg>Kopsupõletik on kõige sagedam leetritega seotud surmapõhjus.</seg>
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<seg>Some vaccine recipients develop a non-infectious mild measles-like rash, typically 7 - 14 days after vaccination, which disappears within 1 - 3 days.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnel vaktsiini saanutest tekib mittenakkuslik kerge leetritetaoline lööve (tavaliselt 7-14 päeva pärast vaktsineerimist), mis kaob 1-3 päevaga.</seg>
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<seg>SSPE typically appears several years after the affected patient had measles; on average it is seen 7 to 10 years after the infection.</seg>
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<seg>SSPE avaldub tüüpiliselt mitu aastat pärast leetrite põdemist, keskmiselt 7-10 aastat päras nakatumist.</seg>
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<seg>initial symptoms resemble a cold with a runny nose, cough and a mild fever;</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>esimesed sümptomid meenutavad külmetust: ninavoolus, köha ja kerge palavik;</seg>
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<seg>About 1 measles patient in 1 000 develops inflammation of the brain tissue (encephalitis), a condition that results in permanent neurological disability in approximately one of four cases.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ligikaudu 1 leetritega patsiendil 1000st tekib ajukoe põletik (entsefaliit), mis veerandil juhtudel tekitab püsiva neuroloogilise puude.</seg>
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<seg>How can measles be prevented?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas leetreid ennetada?</seg>
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<seg>Most people recover with supportive treatment, which can include hydration and anti-fever medicines.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamik inimesi paraneb toetava raviga, muu hulgas vedelikupuuduse korvamise ja palavikuvastaste ravimitega.</seg>
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<seg>However, antibiotics are often used to treat complications with bacterial infections that can develop because of measles, such as pneumonia and ear infections.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Antibiootikumidega ravitakse sageli siiski leetrite tüsistustena tekkinud bakterinfektsioone, näiteks kopsupõletikku ja kõrvainfektsioone.</seg>
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<seg>A person who is infected may transmit measles even before the rash appears (usually 4 days), and for about 4 days after the rash has appeared.</seg>
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<seg>Nakatunu võib leetreid levitada juba enne lööbe teket (see tekib tavaliselt 4. päeval) ja ligikaudu 4 päeva jooksul pärast lööbe teket.</seg>
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<seg>a red rash lasting four to seven days begins on the face and then spreads over the entire body;</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>näole tekib punane lööve, levib kogu kehale ja püsib 4-7 päeva;</seg>
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<tu tuid="283">
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<seg>What are the symptoms of measles?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on leetrite sümptomid?</seg>
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<tu tuid="284">
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<seg>Pneumonia is a potential serious complication that has led to the death of some measles patients.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ohtlik raske tüsistus on kopsupõletik, mis on põhjustanud mõne leetritega patsiendi surma.</seg>
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<seg>What is measles?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on leetrid?</seg>
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<tu tuid="286">
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<seg>The MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles).</seg>
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<seg>MMR-vaktsiin on kombineeritud vaktsiin, mis kaitseb leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste vastu.</seg>
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<seg>How is measles spread?</seg>
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<seg>Kuidas leetrid levivad?</seg>
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<seg>small white spots may also appear on the gums and the inside of the cheeks.</seg>
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<seg>igemetele ja põsepiirkonna limaskestale võivad tekkida väikesed valged täpid.</seg>
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<seg>30% of children and adults infected with measles can develop complications.</seg>
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<seg>30%-l leetritesse nakatunud lastest ja täiskasvanutest tekivad tüsistused, näiteks kõrvainfektsioonid ja kõhulahtisus.</seg>
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<seg>A variety of measures are employed to avoid the further spread of measles, such as quarantine from school or work for both the ill person and those close contacts with uncertain vaccination status.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Leetrite edasist levikut takistatakse mitmesuguste meetmetega, näiteks mitte lubades haigestunut ja temaga kokku puutunud isikuid, kelle vaktsineeritus ei ole teada, kooli või tööle.</seg>
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<seg>Infants from six to nine months of age who are in an area - or will be travelling to areas - with high risk of exposure to measles, should receive a supplementary dose of the MMR vaccine.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>MMR-vaktsiini lisaannus antakse 6-9-kuustele imikutele, kes on leetrite suure riskiga piirkonnas või sõidavad sinna.</seg>
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<seg>Anyone who is not vaccinated against measles or who has not had the disease is at risk of getting measles at any age.</seg>
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<seg>Leetritesse nakatumise risk on vanusest sõltumata igaühel, keda ei ole leetrite vastu vaktsineeritud või kellel ei ole leetreid olnud.</seg>
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<seg>How is measles treated?</seg>
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<seg>Kuidas leetreid ravitakse?</seg>
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<seg>Who is at risk of measles?</seg>
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<seg>Kes võib nakatuda leetritesse?</seg>
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<seg>The measles virus is spread via airborne droplets produced when the infected person coughs and sneezes.</seg>
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<seg>Leetriviirus levib nakatunu köhimisel ja aevastamisel tekkivate piiskadega õhu kaudu.</seg>
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<seg>What are the complications of measles?</seg>
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<seg>Mis on leetrite tüsistused?</seg>
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<seg>Very rarely, a persistent measles virus infection can produce subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a disease in which nerves and brain tissue degenerate progressively and which is more likely to appear if measles infection occurs at a younger age.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Selle haiguse korral laguneb närvi- ja ajukude järk-järgult ning see tekib tõenäolisemalt, kui leetritesse nakatutakse lapsena.</seg>
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<seg>The MMR vaccine may be given earlier in life during outbreaks.</seg>
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<seg>Puhangute ajal tohib MMR-vaktsiini manustada tavalisest noorematele lastele.</seg>
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<seg>These can include ear infections and diarrhoea.</seg>
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<seg>Väga harva võib püsiv leetriviiruse infektsioon tekitada subakuutse spongiformse entsefalopaatia (SSPE).</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination protects individuals against diseases that could have serious consequences for their health, for example:</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine kaitseb üksikisikuid haiguste eest, millel võivad olla rasked tagajärjed, näiteks</seg>
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<seg>This list with examples includes diseases for which vaccines are included in the national immunisation programmes, and/or are given to persons considered to be at a higher risk of getting the disease.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>See näidete loetelu sisaldab haigusi, mille vastu on olemas vaktsiinid, mis on lisatud riiklikesse vaktsineerimiskavadesse, ja/või nendega vaktsineeritakse isikuid, kes kuuluvad suurema haigestumisriskiga rühma.</seg>
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<seg>Complications include pneumonia, encephalopathy (a disease of the brain), seizures and even death (5).</seg>
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<seg>Haiguse tüsistused on kopsupõletik, entsefalopaatia (peaajuhaigus), epilepsiahood ja isegi surm (5).</seg>
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<seg>pertussis (whooping cough) can be particularly serious in infants, causing coughing spells that may recur for up to two months.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>läkaköha on lastel eriti raskelt kulgev haigus, põhjustades ägedaid tugevaid köhahooge, mis võivad korduvalt esineda kuni 2 kuud.</seg>
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<seg>meningococcal disease kills 1 in 10 people affected, even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, while problems including neurological or hearing impairment and amputation occur in up to 20% of survivors (3);</seg>
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<seg>meningokokkinfektsiooni tõttu sureb 1 igast 10 haigestunust, isegi kui diagnoos pannakse ja ravi alustatakse kiiresti, samas tekivad ligi 20% haiguse üleelanutest tüsistused (3), sealhulgas neuroloogilised või kuulmiskahjustused ning amputatsioonid;</seg>
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<seg>measles is highly contagious and 3 out of 10 people affected develop complications (4), which can include ear infection, diarrhoea, pneumonia and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain tissue);</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>leetrid on väga nakkav haigus ning 3 haigestunul 10st tekivad tüsistused (4), sealhulgas võivad tekkida kõrvainfektsioon, kõhulahtisus, kopsupõletik ja entsefaliit (peaajupõletik);</seg>
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<seg>diphtheria kills 1 in every 10 people who get it, even with treatment (1);</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>difteeria tõttu sureb isegi ravi korral igast 10 haigestunud inimesest 1 (1);</seg>
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<seg>almost 9 out of 10 babies born to mothers who had rubella in early pregnancy, will suffer from congenital rubella syndrome (with conditions such as deafness, cataracts and learning disabilities) (2);</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ligi 9 imikul 10st, kelle emal on olnud punetised raseduse varajases staadiumis, tekib kaasasündinud punetistesündroom (2), millega kaasuvad seisundid on näiteks kurtus, kae ja õpiraskused;</seg>
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<seg>Combined use of vaccines is well established and based on scientific studies on its benefits and safety.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinide kooskasutamine on hästi tõendatud ning põhineb selle kasulikkuse ja ohutuse teaduslikel uuringutel.</seg>
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<seg>Decisions on vaccines in use in different European countries</seg>
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<seg>Otsused Euroopa riikides kasutatavate vaktsiinide kohta</seg>
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<seg>Most national vaccination programmes in the EU/EEA include vaccines for up to twenty diseases which are given to people at specific ages.</seg>
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<seg>Enamiku ELi/EMP riikide riiklikes vaktsineerimiskavades on vaktsiinid kuni 20 haiguse vastu, mida saavad teatud vanuserühmad.</seg>
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<seg>This is based on local conditions, such as how common the disease is, as well as economic factors.</seg>
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<seg>Otsused põhinevad kohalikel tingimustel (nt haiguse sagedus) ja majandusteguritel.</seg>
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<seg>For more information about national vaccination programmes, see the ECDC vaccine scheduler and visit the official websites on immunisation of the EU/EEA countries here .</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Riikide vaktsineerimiskavade lisateave: vt ECDC vaktsineerimisgraafik ja ELi/EMP riikides toimuva vaktsineerimise ametlikud veebilehed .</seg>
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<seg>In addition, vaccines to protect against specific diseases are sometimes recommended for ‘high-risk' groups, such as people with long-term health conditions or people planning to travel to other parts of the world.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisaks soovitatakse vaktsiine kaitseks muude haiguste eest riskirühmadele, näiteks krooniliste terviseprobleemidega inimestele või teatud piirkondadesse reisijatele.</seg>
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<seg>Some vaccines protect against only one disease, but others protect against more than one.</seg>
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<seg>Mõni vaktsiin kaitseb ainult ühe ja mõni mitme haiguse vastu.</seg>
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<seg>Sometimes, more than one vaccine may be given at once to protect against several infectious diseases.</seg>
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<seg>Mõnikord võidakse vaktsineerida mitme vaktsiiniga korraga mitme nakkushaiguse vastu.</seg>
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<seg>1-4 people</seg>
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<seg>1-4 inimest</seg>
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<seg>Thanks to vaccination:</seg>
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<seg>Tänu vaktsineerimisele</seg>
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<seg>They help reduce the social, psychological and financial burdens of disease on people and governments, reducing pressures on healthcare and social care systems and enabling people to pursue productive activities including education and employment.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need vähendavad inimeste ja riikide sotsiaalset, psühholoogilist ja rahalist haiguskoormust, leevendades survet tervishoiule ja sotsiaalhooldusele ning võimaldades inimestel osaleda aktiivselt ühiskonnaelus, näiteks hariduses või tööhõives.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>This shows both the most conservative estimate (inner ring, darker dots) and the maximum estimate (outer ring, paler dots).</seg>
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<seg>Kujutatud on vähim (sisemine rõngas, tumedamad täpid) ja suurim hinnang (välimine rõngas, heledamad täpid).</seg>
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<seg>smallpox is now eradicated worldwide;</seg>
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<seg>on rõuged likvideeritud kogu maailmas;</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>transmission of polio has ended in most parts of the world, including Europe.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ei levi lastehalvatus enamikus maailma riikides, sealhulgas Euroopas.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination can eliminate diseases or reduce the number of new cases significantly.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine aitab haigusi likvideerida või oluliselt vähendada uute haigusjuhtude arvu.</seg>
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<seg>When a large percentage of a population is vaccinated, infectious diseases cannot easily spread.</seg>
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<seg>Kui suur osa elanikkonnast on vaktsineeritud, ei saa nakkushaigused kergesti levida.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination also prevents the development of certain types of pre-cancerous growths and cancers, for example:</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine takistab ka teatud vähieelsete kasvajate ja vähiliikide teket, näiteks</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination helps prevent the spread of disease in communities.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine aitab takistada haiguse levikut kogukonnas.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination programmes have wider societal benefits.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimiskavad toovad ühiskonnale ka muud kasu.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination is the best way to acquire immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases, as opposed to immunity attained by getting the disease.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine on parim viis, kuidas saavutada immuunsus vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste vastu, võrreldes haiguse läbipõdemisel saadava immuunsusega.</seg>
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<seg>vaccinating against hepatitis B can help prevent liver cancer caused by long-term hepatitis B infection.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>vaktsineerimine B-hepatiidi vastu aitab kaitsta maksavähi eest, mida tekitab pikaajaline B-hepatiidi infektsioon.</seg>
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<seg>The connected dots indicate the maximum and minimum number of previously uninfected and unvaccinated people who could get infected by a person with the disease.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ühendatud täpid näitavad selliste varem haigestumata ja vaktsineerimata inimeste suurimat ja vähimat arvu, kes võivad saada nakkuse haigestunult.</seg>
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<seg>The centre dot represent one person affected by a disease.</seg>
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<seg>Täpp keskel kujutab üht haigestunut.</seg>
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<seg>vaccinating against humanpapilloma virus (HPV) can help prevent cervical and other cancers caused by HPV infection;</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>vaktsineerimine inimese papilloomiviiruse (HPV) vastu aitab kaitsta emakakaelavähi ja muude vähiliikide eest, mida tekitab HPV-infektsioon;</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination prevents people from getting the symptoms of the disease, which can be severe.</seg>
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<seg>Tänu vaktsineerimisele ei teki haiguse sümptomid, mis võivad olla rasked.</seg>
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<seg>This is known as 'community immunity' (also referred to as 'herd immunity').</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda nimetatakse rühmaimmuunsuseks ehk kogukonnaimmuunsuseks.</seg>
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<seg>It can spread quickly.</seg>
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<seg>See võib levida kiiresti.</seg>
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<seg>Less than 5% will have fever.</seg>
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<seg>Alla 5%-l tekib palavik.</seg>
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<seg>Measles had almost been eliminated in many European countries.</seg>
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<seg>Leetrid olid paljudes Euroopa riikides peaaegu likvideeritud.</seg>
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<seg>The MMR vaccine is safe and effective.</seg>
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<seg>MMR-vaktsiin on ohutu ja efektiivne.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccines are used in hundreds of millions of people worldwide each year to protect from serious diseases.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsiine kasutatakse maailmas igal aastal sadadel miljonitel inimestel, et kaitsta neid raskete haiguste eest.</seg>
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<seg>Therefore, the long-term benefits of getting vaccinated may not be immediately obvious.</seg>
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<seg>Seega ei pruugi vaktsineerimise pikaajaline kasulikkus olla kohe ilmne.</seg>
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<seg>It can cause severe spasms of cough and usually lasts three to six weeks.</seg>
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<seg>Läkaköha võib põhjustada raskeid köhahooge ja kestab tavaliselt kolm kuni kuus nädalat.</seg>
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<seg>Many infectious diseases are very rare today thanks to vaccination, so the negative consequences of these diseases are sometimes forgotten.</seg>
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<seg>Paljud nakkushaigused on tänapäeval väga haruldased tänu vaktsineerimisele, seega mõnikord unustatakse nende haiguste kahjulikud tagajärjed.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination against pertussis is part of national immunisation programmes in the EU.</seg>
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<seg>Vaktsineerimine läkaköha vastu on Euroopa Liidu riiklike vaktsineerimiskavade osa.</seg>
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<seg>However, since October 2016 a resurgence of measles has been observed in the EU/EEA, with outbreaks in several countries (2), due to a decline in vaccination rates.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Alates oktoobrist 2016 on ELi/EMP riikides leetrid siiski sagenenud ja mitmes riigis on olnud haiguspuhanguid (2), sest vaktsineeritus on vähenenud.</seg>
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<seg>For example, during 2018 about 86% of infants worldwide received three doses of the vaccine that protects them against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP), and 85% of infants around the world received three doses of polio vaccine (1).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näiteks 2018. aastal said 86% maailma imikutest kolm annust vaktsiini, mis kaitseb difteeria, teetanuse ja läkaköha eest, ja 85% maailma imikutest said kolm annust lastehalvatuse vastast vaktsiini (1).</seg>
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<seg>Measles can be serious or even life-threatening.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Leetrid võivad olla rasked või isegi eluohtlikud.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>It will often lead to hospitalisation in infants, and the risk of complications and hospitalisation increases for infants younger than three months.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha tõttu vajavad imikud sageli haiglaravi ning tüsistusrisk ja haiglaravi vajadus on suurem, kui imik on noorem kui kolm kuud.</seg>
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<seg>About 20% of infants will have redness and pain at the injection site.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ligikaudu 20% imikutest tekib süstekohal punetus ja valu.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Unlike a treatment given to cure an illness, vaccines are usually given to healthy people to prevent them from getting ill.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Teisiti kui ravimid, mis ravivad olemasolevat haigust, vaktsineeritakse tavaliselt terveid inimesi, et nad ei haigestuks.</seg>
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<seg>This protects children from whooping cough, while it only causes minor side effects.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See kaitseb imikuid läkaköha eest ja võib tekitada ainult kergeid kõrvalnähte.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Complications can include pneumonia, encephalopathy (a disease of the brain), seizures and even death.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Haiguse tüsistused on näiteks kopsupõletik, entsefalopaatia (teatud peaajuhaigus), epilepsiahood ja isegi surm.</seg>
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<seg>For more information, see pertussis factsheet .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave on leetrite teabelehel .</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>If people stopped being vaccinated, many of these diseases and related outbreaks could return.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui vaktsineerimine lõpeks, tekiksid nende haiguste puhangud uuesti.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>MMR-kolmikvaktsiin kaitseb korraga leetrite, mumpsi ja punetiste eest.</seg>
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<seg>For more information, see measles factsheet .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave on läkaköha teabelehel .</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näide: leetrid</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Pertussis (whooping cough) is a disease affecting the airways.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha on hingamisteede haigus.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>In Europe, influenza occurs...</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Euroopas esineb grippi…</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a viral infection that is mainly sexually transmitted by direct contact...</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Inimese papilloomiviiruse (HPV) infektsioon on viirusinfektsioon, mis levib peamiselt suguliselt vahetul kokkupuutel…</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="359">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>About us</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lae rohkem</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="360">
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<seg>Situation of measles in the EU</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Leetrite olukord Euroopa Liidus</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Below are the most recent data on measles outbreaks in EU Member States.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Allpool on uusimad andmed leetrite puhangute kohta ELi liikmesriikides.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The data is based on information submitted and verified by Member States through ECDC's disease surveillance system.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Andmed põhinevad teabel, mille on esitanud ja kontrollinud liikmesriigid ECDC haigusseire süsteemi kaudu.</seg>
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<seg>The ECDC Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases also provides data on other vaccine-preventable diseases, such as diphtheria, pertussis and rubella.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ECDC nakkushaiguste seire atlases on andmeid ka muude vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste kohta (nt difteeria, läkaköha ja punetised).</seg>
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<seg>It provides options for the user to filter information by criteria such as disease and time-period.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Altlase kasutajad saavad teavet filtrida näiteks haiguse ja ajavahemiku järgi.</seg>
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<seg>This is offered to women in accordance with national recommendations.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda teenust pakutakse naistele kooskõlas riiklike soovitustega.</seg>
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<seg>For more information check the ECDC website: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/human-papillomavirus/factsheet</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Lisateave on ECDC veebilehel: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/et/human-papillomavirus/factsheet</seg>
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<seg>It is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>See on kõige tavalisem seksuaalsel teel leviv infektsioon maailmas.</seg>
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<seg>Routine HPV vaccination usually takes place between 9 and 14 years of age, in accordance with the national vaccination schedule.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Korraline HPV-vaktsineerimine toimub tavaliselt 9-14 aasta vanuses, kooskõlas riikliku vaktsineerimiskavaga.</seg>
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<seg>Genital warts can be treated using medication or by surgery.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Suguelunditüükaid saab ravida ravimitega või kirurgiliselt.</seg>
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<seg>About 40 of them can infect the genitals.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Neist ligikaudu 40 tekitab suguelundite infektsiooni.</seg>
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<seg>Cervical cancer (cancer of the neck of the womb) is the most common cancer after breast cancer to affect women aged 15-44 years in Europe (1).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Emakakaelavähk on rinnavähi järel kõige sagedam vähiliik 15-44-aastastel naistel Euroopas (1).</seg>
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<seg>Other HPV-related cancers are also more treatable when diagnosed and treated early, but there are no specific screening programmes for these.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ka muud HPV-ga seotud vähiliigid on paremini ravitavad, kui neid diagnoositakse ja ravitakse varajases staadiumis, kuid nende jaoks puuduvad suunatud sõeluuringuprogrammid.</seg>
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<seg>In most cases, an HPV infection disappears on its own without causing any obvious symptoms or problems.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enamasti kaob HPV-infektsioon ise, ilmseid sümptomeid või probleeme tekitamata.</seg>
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<seg>If HPV does not go away it may cause:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kui HPV püsib, võib see põhjustada</seg>
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<seg>However, sometimes the HPV infection can persist and cause after some years some of the complications listed below.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnikord võib HPV-infektsioon püsida ja mõne aasta pärast põhjustada allpool loetletud tüsistusi.</seg>
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<seg>There are more than 100 types of HPV viruses.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>HPV-viirusi on üle 100 tüübi.</seg>
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<seg>There is no treatment for the virus itself, but the health problems caused by HPV can be treated in different ways.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Viirusvastane ravi puudub, kuid HPV tekitatud terviseprobleeme saab ravida mitmeti.</seg>
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<tu tuid="378">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a viral infection that is mainly sexually transmitted by direct contact with an infected person.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Inimese papilloomiviiruse (HPV) infektsioon on viirusinfektsioon, mis levib peamiselt suguliselt vahetul kokkupuutel nakatunud inimesega.</seg>
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<seg>Vaccination of girls and boys against HPV can prevent HPV infections and consequently HPV-related diseases in both sexes, including genital and anal warts, cervical cancer and other cancers caused by HPV.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tüdrukute ja poiste vaktsineerimine HPV vastu võib kaitsta HPV-infektsiooni eest ja seega takistada neil HPV põhjustatud haiguste tekkimist, sh suguelundi- ja pärakutüügaste, emakakaelavähi ja HPV põhjustatud muude vähkide tekkimist.</seg>
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<seg>What is HPV?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on HPV?</seg>
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<seg>At least 14 HPV types, classified as ‘high risk', can cause cancer, such as cervical cancer in women.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vähemalt 14 HPV tüüpi on suure riskiga ning võivad tekitada vähki, näiteks naistel emakakaelavähki.</seg>
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<seg>A healthcare provider should be consulted for advice on the specific treatment options.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ravivõimalusi selgitab tervishoiuteenuse osutaja.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>cervical or other types of cancer (e.g. vulvar, vaginal, anal penile, and some cancers of the head and the neck)</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>emakakaela- või muid vähiliike (nt häbeme-, tupe-, päraku-, peenisevähki ning teatud pea- ja kaelavähke)</seg>
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<seg>The ‘high risk' HPV types can also cause anal and genital cancers, and some cancers of the head and neck, in both men and women.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Suure riskiga HPV-tüübid võivad tekitada ka päraku ja suguelundite vähke ning teatud pea- ja kaelavähke, nii meestel kui ka naistel.</seg>
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<seg>The 'low risk' HPV types can cause genital and anal warts.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Väikese riskiga HPV-tüübid võivad tekitada suguelundite ja päraku tüükaid.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How can HPV be prevented?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas HPV-d ennetada?</seg>
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<seg>Cervical cancer and tissue in the cervix that is described as ‘precancerous' can be identified early through cervical cancer screening and treated.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Emakakaelavähki ja emakakaela koe vähieelseid seisundeid saab avastada varajases staadiumis emakakaelavähi sõeluuringutega ning neid saab ravida.</seg>
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<seg>What are the symptoms of HPV?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on HPV sümptomid?</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>genital and anal warts</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>suguelundite ja päraku tüükaid</seg>
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<seg>This is because HPV can also occasionally infect surrounding skin that is not protected by the condom.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kondoomi kasutamine ei kaitse täielikult HPV-viiruse leviku eest, sest HPV võib esineda ka ümbruskonna nahal, mida kondoom ei kaitse.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How is HPV treated?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas HPV-d ravitakse?</seg>
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<seg>Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting HPV.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>HPV-ga nakatumise risk on igaühel, kes on seksuaalselt aktiivne.</seg>
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<seg>HPV is transmitted by direct contact, mainly sexual, with someone who has the virus.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>HPV levib vahetul kokkupuutel viiruskandjaga, peamiselt sugulisel teel.</seg>
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<tu tuid="394">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Who is at risk of HPV?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kes võib nakatuda HPV-ga?</seg>
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<tu tuid="395">
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<seg>What are the complications of HPV?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on HPV tüsistused?</seg>
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<tu tuid="396">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>This programme has to follow the procedures and protocols set by the regulators:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Uuringuprogramm peab järgima reguleerimisasutuste kehtestatud menetlusi ja protokolle.</seg>
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<tu tuid="397">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How are the immune systems of the participants responding to the vaccine?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kuidas reageerib osalejate immuunsüsteem vaktsiinile?</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Adolescents, adults, or children partially immunised generally have milder or somewhat different symptoms.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Noorukitel, täiskasvanutel või osaliselt immuniseeritud lastel on enamasti kergemad või mõneti teistsugused sümptomid.</seg>
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<seg>Official websites from EU and EEA countries</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi ja EMP riikide ametlikud veebilehed</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>They can also run tests to make sure that the batches of vaccines released onto the market are of the expected quality and have been manufactured correctly.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nad võivad ka teha katseid, et kontrollida, kas turule viidud vaktsiinipartiid on eeldatava kvaliteediga ja on toodetud nõuetekohaselt.</seg>
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<tu tuid="401">
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<seg>What are the most common short-term side effects?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on kõige sagedamad lühiajalised kõrvalnähud?</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="402">
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<seg>Vaccines are recommended for different age groups, often for infants and children, but also for teenagers, adults and elderly people.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiine soovitatakse eri vanuserühmadele, sageli imikutele ja lastele, aga ka noorukitele, täiskasvanutele ja eakatele.</seg>
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<seg>These include the European Medicines Agency and other regulators in the EU/EEA countries.</seg>
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<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Need on näiteks Euroopa Ravimiamet ja ELi/EMP riikide muud reguleerimisasutused.</seg>
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<seg>In some countries such recommendations are done at state or regional level.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnes riigis antakse vaktsineerimissoovitusi riigi või piirkonna tasandil.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>At the end of the testing programme, the vaccine developer submits the results to the medicines regulatory authorities in Europe as part of a ‘marketing authorisation' application.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Uuringuprogrammi lõpus esitab vaktsiini arendaja tulemused ravimite reguleerimise asutustele Euroopas müügiloa taotluse osana.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>After this phase, the coughing fits become less frequent and less severe, and the infant gradually gets better (this can take up to three months).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Pärast seda faasi muutuvad köhahood harvemaks ja kergemaks ning imiku seisund paraneb järk-järgult (selleks võib kuluda kuni 3 kuud).</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The Vaccine Safety Net (VSN) is a global network of websites, established by the World Health Organization, that provides reliable information on vaccine safety.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaccine Safety Net (VSN) - sõna-sõnalt vaktsiini-turvavõrk - on Maailma Terviseorganisatsiooni korraldatav ülemaailmne veebilehtede võrgustik, mis pakub usaldusväärset teavet vaktsiinide ohutuse kohta.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Some vaccines are not part of routine vaccination schedules but are targeted at specific groups.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Teatud vaktsiinid ei kuulu tavapärastesse vaktsineerimiskavadesse, vaid neid soovitatakse konkreetsetele rühmadele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>People may wonder where to find accurate information, who is behind the development of the information they find, and also if the information is supported by scientific evidence.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Võib tekkida küsimus, kust leida täpset teavet, kellelt pärineb leitud teave ja kas teavet toetavad teaduslikud tõendid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Healthcare professionals (e.g. doctors, nurses) have a role in ensuring that patients in their care receive the recommended vaccines at the right time.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tervishoiutöötajad (nt arstid, õed) tagavad, et nende ravitavad patsiendid saavad soovitatavaid vaktsiine õigel ajal.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Medicines regulatory authorities can carry out inspections to make sure that the information the vaccine developer provides is trustworthy.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ravimite reguleerimise asutused võivad teha kontrollkäike, et kontrollida, kas vaktsiiniarendaja esitatav teave on usaldusväärne.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="412">
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<seg>When looking at health-related information, it can be difficult to judge the quality and accuracy of information found.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Terviseteavet otsides võib olla raske hinnata, kas leitud teave on kvaliteetne ja täpne.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>In these groups, and in very young infants, pertussis is harder to diagnose.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Nendes rühmades ja ka väga väikestel imikutel on läkaköha raskem diagnoosida.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The regulators can only approve the vaccine if its scientific evaluation of the tests results show that the vaccine's benefits are greater than its risks .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Reguleerimisasutused saavad vaktsiini heaks kiita üksnes siis, kui uuringutulemuste teaduslikul hindamisel selgub, et vaktsiini kasulikkus on suurem kui riskid .</seg>
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<seg>This is followed by a clinical testing programme in humans, which can take around ten years from initial concept to authorisation and must adhere to strict standards.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Järgmiseks uuritakse vaktsiini kliiniliste uuringutega inimesel, mis võivad kesta ligikaudu kümme aastat alates arenduse algusest kuni heakskiitmiseni ja peavad järgima rangeid nõudeid.</seg>
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<seg>The vaccine developer tests the vaccine in three phases of clinical trials, with larger numbers of people in each phase.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiini arendaja uurib vaktsiini kliiniliste uuringute kolmes faasis, üha suureneva osalejate arvuga.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>This section provides links to the websites of other health organisations both at national and international level, in order to facilitate access to trusted sources of information, such as:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Siin jaotises on lingid teiste riiklike ja rahvusvaheliste tervishoiuorganisatsioonide veebilehtedele, et lihtsustada juurdepääsu usaldusväärsetele teabeallikatele:</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>They initially occur at night and then become more frequent during the day and may recur for one to two months.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Köhahood tekivad alguses öösiti, seejärel sagenevad ka päeval ja püsivad 1-2 kuud.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>The most severe forms of pertussis are in infants.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kõige raskemad läkaköha vormid esinevad imikutel.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>It is caused by bacteria in the mouth, nose and throat of an infected person.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda põhjustavad bakterid nakatunu suus, ninas ja kurgus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Nowadays, several diseases can be prevented by vaccination.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tänapäeval saab mitmeid haigusi ennetada vaktsineerimisega.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>They also provide recommendations for people with chronic diseases.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiine soovitatakse ka krooniliste haigustega inimestele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Before a vaccine can be approved in the EU, it has to undergo rigorous testing by its developer and then scientific evaluation by regulatory authorities.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Enne vaktsiini heakskiitmist ELis peab selle arendaja seda põhjalikult uurima ja seejärel peab vaktsiin läbima teadusliku hindamise, mida teevad reguleerivad ametiasutused.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Pertussis in unvaccinated infants or infants whose mother was unvaccinated can be particularly severe.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimata imikutel või imikutel, kelle ema on vaktsineerimata, võib läkaköha kulgeda eriti raskelt.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="425">
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<seg>What are the most common side effects?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis on kõige sagedamad kõrvalnähud?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="426">
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<seg>Factsheets of five vaccine- preventable diseases are currently available.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Praegu on olemas viie vaktsiinennetatava haiguse teabeleht.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Information and links to the VSN member websites is available here: https://www.vaccinesafetynet.org/vsn/network .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Võrgustiku liikmed ja nende veebilehtede lingid: https://www.vaccinesafetynet.org/vsn/network .</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Symptoms usually appear 7 to 10 days after infection, but may also appear up to 21 days later:</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sümptomid tekivad tavaliselt 7-10 päeva pärast nakatumist, mõnikord ka kuni 21 päeva vältel.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>Each factsheet provides key facts about a disease, with an overview of the symptoms, complications, how the disease spreads, who is at risk, how the disease can be prevented and how it can be treated.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Igal teabelehel on ühe haiguse põhiteave: sümptomid, tüsistused, levik, riskirühm, ennetamine ja ravi.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Vaccination also reduces the risk of spreading the diseases among family members, school mates or colleagues, friends and neighbours, as well as to other people in the community.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimine vähendab ka riski, et haigused levivad perekonnas, koolis või töökohal, sõpruskonnas ja naabruskonnas ning kogukonnas üldiselt.</seg>
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<seg>These episodes frequently end with the expulsion of a thick, clear mucous, often followed by vomiting.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sageli eritub hingamisteedest köhahoo lõpus paks selge röga, millele sageli järgneb ka oksendamine.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>In young infants the typical 'whoop' may never develop, and the coughing fits may be followed by brief periods when breathing stops.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Imikutel ei pruugi tüüpilist läkastamist esineda ja neil võib köhahoogudele järgneda lühiaegne hingamispeetus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>Within two weeks, the cough becomes more severe and is characterized by episodes of numerous rapid coughs, followed by a crowing or high-pitched ‘whoop'.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Kahe nädala vältel köha süveneb ja tekivad iseloomulikud kiire köha hood, millele järgneb heledatooniline läkastamine.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="434">
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<seg>Some countries require proof of certain vaccinations before granting entry to the country.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mõnda riiki pääsemiseks tuleb esitada teatud vaktsineerimiste tõendid.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold (sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever and a mild cough).</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Alguses meenutavad sümptomid külmetuse omi (aevastamine, ninavoolus, väike palavik ja kerge köha).</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>In adults and older children, complications include inability to breathe for short periods, broken ribs, rectal prolapse and hernias.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Täiskasvanute ja vanemate laste tüsistused on näiteks lühiajaline hingamispeetus, roidemurrud, pärasoole väljalange ning songad.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="437">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>More factsheets will be included at a later stage.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tulevikus ilmub neid veel.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="438">
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<seg>Pertussis can also be spread by an individual who has only a mild form of the disease, or by an infected individual who has no symptoms at all.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha võivad levitada ka haiguse kerge vormiga või sümptomiteta nakatunud.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="439">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>The companies are required to conduct stringent testing, for which the acceptance criteria are pre-defined by the authorities, on each batch of vaccine released onto the EU market.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ettevõtted peavad ELi turule viidava vaktsiinipartiiga tegema rangeid katseid, mille vastuvõetavuskriteeriume eelmääratlevad reguleerimisasutused.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="440">
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<seg>Pertussis is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the lungs and airways.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha on väga nakkav bakterhaigus, mis haarab kopse ja hingamisteid.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="441">
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<seg>Below are links to official websites with information on vaccination from public health organisations of the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Allpool on lingid Euroopa Liidu ja Euroopa Majanduspiirkonna rahvaterviseorganisatsioonide ametlikele veebilehtedele, millel on teave vaktsineerimise kohta.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="442">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Thanks to vaccination, people can be protected against diseases that could have serious consequences for their health.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Tänu vaktsineerimisele on inimesed kaitstud haiguste eest, mis võivad tekitada raskeid tagajärgi tervisele.</seg>
</tuv>
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<seg>This involves tests in the laboratory and in animals.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seejärel kontrollib vaktsiini arendaja selle toimet laboriuuringute ja loomkatsetega.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="444">
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<seg>For example, people who travel to regions where certain infectious diseases circulate such as yellow fever and typhoid fever may need to have vaccinations.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Näiteks võib olla vaja vaktsineerida inimesi, kes reisivad piirkondadesse, kus on levinud teatud nakkushaigused, nagu kollapalavik või kõhutüüfus.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tu tuid="445">
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<seg>For more information about the network visit: https://vaccinesafetynet.org .</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Võrgustiku lisateave: https://vaccinesafetynet.org .</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="446">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>National vaccination schedules in EU/EEA countries recommend vaccines at specific ages and for specific populations.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>ELi/EMP riikides soovitatakse riiklike vaktsineerimiskavade raames vaktsiine teatud vanuses inimestele ja konkreetsetele rühmadele.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="447">
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<seg>With all the information that is available on the internet and circulating on social media on vaccination, people may sometimes get lost.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsineerimise kohta on internetis ja suhtlusmeedias rohkesti teavet, milles alati ei saa olla kindel.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="448">
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<seg>To learn more about the diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, consult the factsheets available below.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiinennetatavate haiguste lisateave on teabelehtedel allpool.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="449">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Complications include pneumonia, encephalopathy (a disease of the brain), seizures and even death.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Haiguse tüsistused on näiteks kopsupõletik, entsefalopaatia (teatud peaajuhaigus), epilepsiahood ja isegi surm.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>Frequently, older siblings and parents who may be carrying the bacteria bring the disease home and infect an infant in the household.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Sageli nakatub imik kodus nii, et läkaköhabakteri toovad koju vanemad õed-vennad või vanemad.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="451">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>How can pertussis be prevented?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Järelvaktsineerimine on siiski võimalik.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="452">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>What are the symptoms of measles?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Ravi eesmärk on leevendada sümptomeid.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="453">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Pertussis is spread via airborne droplets produced when the infected person coughs.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha levib nakatunu köhimisel tekkivate piiskadega õhu kaudu.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="454">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>These can include ear infections and diarrhoea.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Läkaköha on hingamisteede haigus.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="455">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>These could be due to an illness or anxiety over being given the vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiin võib olla teatud inimestele vastunäidustatud, mis tähendab, et neil tuleb vältida vaktsineerimist.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>It is also known as whooping cough.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Seda nimetatakse rühmaimmuunsuseks ehk kogukonnaimmuunsuseks.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="457">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Source: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P. Vaccines.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Allikas: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P. Vaccines.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="458">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>fever or feverishness;</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>palavik või palavikulisus;</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="459">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Human papillomavirus (HPV)</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Inimese papilloomiviirus (HPV)</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
<tu tuid="460">
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>Possible contraindications should be always discussed with the healthcare provider before receiving a vaccine.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Võimalikke vastunäidustusi tuleb alati arutada arstiga enne vaktsineerimist.</seg>
</tuv>
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<tuv xml:lang="en">
<seg>A vaccine may be contraindicated for certain people, meaning they should not receive it.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Vaktsiin võib olla teatud inimestele vastunäidustatud, mis tähendab, et neil tuleb vältida vaktsineerimist.</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
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<seg>In Europe, influenza occurs in regular annual epidemics in the winter season.</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Hooajalise gripi vaktsiine tuleb igal aastal ajakohastada, sest gripiviirused muutuvad pidevalt.</seg>
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<seg>Most EU Member States follow the WHO recommendations to vaccinate pregnant women, and some follow recommendations to vaccinate healthy children aged 6 - 59 months.</seg>
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<seg>ELi nõukogu soovituses hooajalise gripi vastase vaktsineerimise kohta julgustatakse riike suurendama tervishoiutöötajate vaktsineeritust.</seg>
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<seg>What are the symptoms of influenza?</seg>
</tuv>
<tuv xml:lang="et">
<seg>Mis haigus on punetised?</seg>
</tuv>
</tu>
</body>
</tmx>