--- dataset_info: - config_name: ai2d features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 435362437.84770346 num_examples: 2434 download_size: 438136609 dataset_size: 435362437.84770346 - config_name: aokvqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 871997710.0 num_examples: 16539 download_size: 893265070 dataset_size: 871997710.0 - config_name: chart2text features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1060645471.4167501 num_examples: 26963 download_size: 1103295177 dataset_size: 1060645471.4167501 - config_name: chartqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 784719364.9441738 num_examples: 18265 download_size: 803192402 dataset_size: 784719364.9441738 - config_name: clevr features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 11522617868.0 num_examples: 70000 download_size: 13267429872 dataset_size: 11522617868.0 - config_name: cocoqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 2213960474.0 num_examples: 46287 download_size: 2393991009 dataset_size: 2213960474.0 - config_name: datikz features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 481233278.0 num_examples: 47974 download_size: 613100257 dataset_size: 481233278.0 - config_name: diagram_image_to_text features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 18877197.0 num_examples: 300 download_size: 18706661 dataset_size: 18877197.0 - config_name: docvqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 6885686042.0 num_examples: 10189 download_size: 6887803845 dataset_size: 6885686042.0 - config_name: dvqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 3689940101.0 num_examples: 200000 download_size: 4295254110 dataset_size: 3689940101.0 - config_name: figureqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1901887152.0 num_examples: 100000 download_size: 2220036667 dataset_size: 1901887152.0 - config_name: finqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 135268568.0 num_examples: 5276 download_size: 123698250 dataset_size: 135268568.0 - config_name: geomverse features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 951640204.0 num_examples: 9303 download_size: 323746516 dataset_size: 951640204.0 - config_name: hateful_memes features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 3035059823.0 num_examples: 8500 download_size: 3054208907 dataset_size: 3035059823.0 - config_name: hitab features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 161130580.0 num_examples: 2500 download_size: 158295807 dataset_size: 161130580.0 - config_name: iam features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1129180352.0 num_examples: 5663 download_size: 1128935602 dataset_size: 1129180352.0 - config_name: iconqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 264513634.7170419 num_examples: 27307 download_size: 326674337 dataset_size: 264513634.7170419 - config_name: infographic_vqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 291677986.0 num_examples: 2118 download_size: 292351760 dataset_size: 291677986.0 - config_name: intergps features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 24982328.291771192 num_examples: 1280 download_size: 24870320 dataset_size: 24982328.291771192 - config_name: localized_narratives features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 21380844262.41927 num_examples: 199998 download_size: 22164342699 dataset_size: 21380844262.41927 - config_name: mapqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 3238062926.0 num_examples: 37417 download_size: 3307676486 dataset_size: 3238062926.0 - config_name: mimic_cgd features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 12592929433.0 num_examples: 70939 download_size: 13147641100 dataset_size: 12592929433.0 - config_name: multihiertt features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1356766489.046 num_examples: 7619 download_size: 1360814135 dataset_size: 1356766489.046 - config_name: nlvr2 features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 8375492591.0 num_examples: 50426 download_size: 10838882020 dataset_size: 8375492591.0 - config_name: ocrvqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 5467134439.0 num_examples: 165746 download_size: 6078073015 dataset_size: 5467134439.0 - config_name: plotqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 7837605221.0 num_examples: 157070 download_size: 5320249066 dataset_size: 7837605221.0 - config_name: raven features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1506550467.0 num_examples: 42000 download_size: 1720691636 dataset_size: 1506550467.0 - config_name: robut_sqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 679135952.0 num_examples: 8514 download_size: 678722272 dataset_size: 679135952.0 - config_name: robut_wikisql features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 5950915477.0 num_examples: 74989 download_size: 6160300141 dataset_size: 5950915477.0 - config_name: robut_wtq features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 4023729236.0 num_examples: 38246 download_size: 4061523247 dataset_size: 4023729236.0 - config_name: scienceqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 284601898.76188564 num_examples: 4976 download_size: 283265438 dataset_size: 284601898.76188564 - config_name: screen2words features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1670723783.0 num_examples: 15730 download_size: 1346254268 dataset_size: 1670723783.0 - config_name: spot_the_diff features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 1643123792.0 num_examples: 8566 download_size: 1526740548 dataset_size: 1643123792.0 - config_name: st_vqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 696265340.0 num_examples: 17247 download_size: 720462890 dataset_size: 696265340.0 - config_name: tabmwp features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 265337140.19648907 num_examples: 22722 download_size: 306643610 dataset_size: 265337140.19648907 - config_name: tallyqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 4267143189.0 num_examples: 98680 download_size: 4662245152 dataset_size: 4267143189.0 - config_name: tat_qa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 73213942.0 num_examples: 2199 download_size: 70862028 dataset_size: 73213942.0 - config_name: textcaps features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 5938676115.0 num_examples: 21953 download_size: 6175419911 dataset_size: 5938676115.0 - config_name: textvqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 5939437331.0 num_examples: 21953 download_size: 6175442839 dataset_size: 5939437331.0 - config_name: tqa features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 380346870.806369 num_examples: 1493 download_size: 378238311 dataset_size: 380346870.806369 - config_name: vistext features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 541250281.0 num_examples: 9969 download_size: 386023352 dataset_size: 541250281.0 - config_name: visual7w features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 4432168161.0 num_examples: 14366 download_size: 4443083495 dataset_size: 4432168161.0 - config_name: visualmrc features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 2941051627.2639995 num_examples: 3027 download_size: 2912911810 dataset_size: 2941051627.2639995 - config_name: vqarad features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 16561537.0 num_examples: 313 download_size: 16226241 dataset_size: 16561537.0 - config_name: vqav2 features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 10630091683.0 num_examples: 82772 download_size: 13479302437 dataset_size: 10630091683.0 - config_name: vsr features: - name: images sequence: image - name: texts list: - name: user dtype: string - name: assistant dtype: string - name: source dtype: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 107489763.0 num_examples: 2157 download_size: 107576214 dataset_size: 107489763.0 configs: - config_name: ai2d data_files: - split: train path: ai2d/train-* - config_name: aokvqa data_files: - split: train path: aokvqa/train-* - config_name: chart2text data_files: - split: train path: chart2text/train-* - config_name: chartqa data_files: - split: train path: chartqa/train-* - config_name: clevr data_files: - split: train path: clevr/train-* - config_name: cocoqa data_files: - split: train path: cocoqa/train-* - config_name: datikz data_files: - split: train path: datikz/train-* - config_name: diagram_image_to_text data_files: - split: train path: diagram_image_to_text/train-* - config_name: docvqa data_files: - split: train path: docvqa/train-* - config_name: dvqa data_files: - split: train path: dvqa/train-* - config_name: figureqa data_files: - split: train path: figureqa/train-* - config_name: finqa data_files: - split: train path: finqa/train-* - config_name: geomverse data_files: - split: train path: geomverse/train-* - config_name: hateful_memes data_files: - split: train path: hateful_memes/train-* - config_name: hitab data_files: - split: train path: hitab/train-* - config_name: iam data_files: - split: train path: iam/train-* - config_name: iconqa data_files: - split: train path: iconqa/train-* - config_name: infographic_vqa data_files: - split: train path: infographic_vqa/train-* - config_name: intergps data_files: - split: train path: intergps/train-* - config_name: localized_narratives data_files: - split: train path: localized_narratives/train-* - config_name: mapqa data_files: - split: train path: mapqa/train-* - config_name: mimic_cgd data_files: - split: train path: mimic_cgd/train-* - config_name: multihiertt data_files: - split: train path: multihiertt/train-* - config_name: nlvr2 data_files: - split: train path: nlvr2/train-* - config_name: ocrvqa data_files: - split: train path: ocrvqa/train-* - config_name: plotqa data_files: - split: train path: plotqa/train-* - config_name: raven data_files: - split: train path: raven/train-* - config_name: robut_sqa data_files: - split: train path: robut_sqa/train-* - config_name: robut_wikisql data_files: - split: train path: robut_wikisql/train-* - config_name: robut_wtq data_files: - split: train path: robut_wtq/train-* - config_name: scienceqa data_files: - split: train path: scienceqa/train-* - config_name: screen2words data_files: - split: train path: screen2words/train-* - config_name: spot_the_diff data_files: - split: train path: spot_the_diff/train-* - config_name: st_vqa data_files: - split: train path: st_vqa/train-* - config_name: tabmwp data_files: - split: train path: tabmwp/train-* - config_name: tallyqa data_files: - split: train path: tallyqa/train-* - config_name: tat_qa data_files: - split: train path: tat_qa/train-* - config_name: textcaps data_files: - split: train path: textcaps/train-* - config_name: textvqa data_files: - split: train path: textvqa/train-* - config_name: tqa data_files: - split: train path: tqa/train-* - config_name: vistext data_files: - split: train path: vistext/train-* - config_name: visual7w data_files: - split: train path: visual7w/train-* - config_name: visualmrc data_files: - split: train path: visualmrc/train-* - config_name: vqarad data_files: - split: train path: vqarad/train-* - config_name: vqav2 data_files: - split: train path: vqav2/train-* - config_name: vsr data_files: - split: train path: vsr/train-* --- # Dataset Card for The Cauldron ![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/6177322d37f32ecb1e2d4cdf/3q8wnTYvCWyFiCGn2q1OX.png) ## Dataset description The Cauldron is part of the Idefics2 release. It is a massive collection of 50 vision-language datasets (training sets only) that were used for the fine-tuning of the vision-language model Idefics2. ## Load the dataset To load the dataset, install the library `datasets` with `pip install datasets`. Then, ``` from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("HuggingFaceM4/the_cauldron", "ai2d") ``` to download and load the config `ai2d` for example. ## Data fields An example of a sample looks as follows: ``` { "images" = [PIL.Image] "texts" = [ { "user": "Question: How many actions are depicted in the diagram?\nChoices:\nA. 6.\nB. 4.\nC. 8.\nD. 7.\nAnswer with the letter.", "assistant": "Answer: D", "source": "TQA" } ] } ``` In `images`, there is a list of images, to be placed before the text. In `texts`, there is a conversation between a user and an assistant about the images that is represented by a list of turns. ## Stats about the datasets in The Cauldron | Dataset | # images | # Q/A pairs | # tokens | |----------------------|----------|-------------|------------| | *General visual question answering* | | VQAv2 | 82,772 | 443,757 | 1,595,929 | | COCO-QA | 46,287 | 78,736 | 286,982 | | Visual7W | 14,366 | 69,817 | 279,268 | | A-OKVQA | 16,539 | 17,056 | 236,492 | | TallyQA | 98,680 | 183,986 | 738,254 | | OK-VQA | 8,998 | 9,009 | 38,853 | | HatefulMemes | 8,500 | 8,500 | 25,500 | | VQA-RAD | 313 | 1,793 | 8,418 | | Captioning | | LNarratives | 507,444 | 507,444 | 21,328,731 | | Screen2Words | 15,730 | 15,743 | 143,103 | | VSR | 2,157 | 3,354 | 10,062 | | *OCR, document understanding, text transcription* | | RenderedText | 999,000 | 999,000 | 27,207,774 | | DocVQA | 10,189 | 39,463 | 337,829 | | TextCaps | 21,953 | 21,953 | 389,658 | | TextVQA | 21,953 | 34,602 | 181,918 | | ST-VQA | 17,247 | 23,121 | 127,846 | | OCR-VQA | 165,746 | 801,579 | 6,073,824 | | VisualMRC | 3,027 | 11,988 | 168,828 | | IAM | 5,663 | 5,663 | 144,216 | | InfoVQA | 2,118 | 10,074 | 61,048 | | Diagram image-to-text| 300 | 300 | 22,196 | | *Chart/figure understanding* | | Chart2Text | 26,985 | 30,242 | 2,852,827 | | DVQA | 200,000 | 2,325,316 | 8,346,234 | | VisText | 7,057 | 9,969 | 1,245,485 | | ChartQA | 18,271 | 28,299 | 185,835 | | PlotQA | 157,070 | 20,249,479 | 8478299.278| | FigureQA | 100,000 | 1,327,368 | 3,982,104 | | MapQA | 37,417 | 483,416 | 6,470,485 | | *Table understanding* | | TabMWP | 22,729 | 23,059 | 1,948,166 | | TAT-QA | 2,199 | 13,215 | 283,776 | | HiTab | 2,500 | 7,782 | 351,299 | | MultiHiertt | 7,619 | 7,830 | 267,615 | | FinQA | 5,276 | 6,251 | 242,561 | | WikiSQL | 74,989 | 86,202 | 9,680,673 | | SQA | 8,514 | 34,141 | 1,894,824 | | WTQ | 38,246 | 44,096 | 6,677,013 | | *Reasoning, logic, maths* | | GeomVerse | 9,303 | 9,339 | 2,489,459 | | CLEVR-Math | 70,000 | 788,650 | 3,184,656 | | CLEVR | 70,000 | 699,989 | 2,396,781 | | IconQA | 27,315 | 29,859 | 112,969 | | RAVEN | 42,000 | 42,000 | 105,081 | | Inter-GPs | 1,451 | 2,101 | 8,404 | | *Textbook/academic questions* | | AI2D | 3,099 | 9,708 | 38,832 | | TQA | 1,496 | 6,501 | 26,004 | | ScienceQA | 4,985 | 6,218 | 24,872 | | *Differences between 2 images* | | NLVR2 | 50,426 | 86,373 | 259,119 | | GSD | 70,939 | 141,869 | 4,637,229 | | Spot the diff | 8,566 | 9,524 | 221,477 | | *Screenshot to code* | | WebSight | 500,000 | 500,000 | 276,743,299| | DaTikz | 47,974 | 48,296 | 59,556,252 | ## Decontamination The Cauldron contains only the train split of each sub-datasets. On top of that, we removed the few examples containing an image also present in the test splits of MMMU, MathVista or MMBench. ## References to the original datasets
References to the original datasets @misc{AI2D, title={A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Images}, author={Aniruddha Kembhavi and Mike Salvato and Eric Kolve and Minjoon Seo and Hannaneh Hajishirzi and Ali Farhadi}, year={2016}, eprint={1603.07396}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @misc{A-OKVQA, title={A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledge}, author={Dustin Schwenk and Apoorv Khandelwal and Christopher Clark and Kenneth Marino and Roozbeh Mottaghi}, year={2022}, eprint={2206.01718}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{Chart2Text, title = "Chart-to-Text: Generating Natural Language Descriptions for Charts by Adapting the Transformer Model", author = "Obeid, Jason and Hoque, Enamul", editor = "Davis, Brian and Graham, Yvette and Kelleher, John and Sripada, Yaji", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation", month = dec, year = "2020", address = "Dublin, Ireland", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.inlg-1.20", doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.inlg-1.20", pages = "138--147", } @inproceedings{ChartQA, title = "{C}hart{QA}: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning", author = "Masry, Ahmed and Long, Do and Tan, Jia Qing and Joty, Shafiq and Hoque, Enamul", booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022", month = may, year = "2022", address = "Dublin, Ireland", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.177", doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.177", pages = "2263--2279", } @misc{CLEVR-Math, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2208.05358}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.05358}, author = {Lindström, Adam Dahlgren}, keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), Computation and Language (cs.CL), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences, I.2.7; I.2.10; I.2.6; I.4.8; I.1.4}, title = {CLEVR-Math: A Dataset for Compositional Language, Visual, and Mathematical Reasoning}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International} } @misc{CLEVR, title={CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoning}, author={Justin Johnson and Bharath Hariharan and Laurens van der Maaten and Li Fei-Fei and C. Lawrence Zitnick and Ross Girshick}, year={2016}, eprint={1612.06890}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{CocoQA, author = {Ren, Mengye and Kiros, Ryan and Zemel, Richard}, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, editor = {C. Cortes and N. Lawrence and D. Lee and M. Sugiyama and R. Garnett}, pages = {}, publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.}, title = {Exploring Models and Data for Image Question Answering}, url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2015/file/831c2f88a604a07ca94314b56a4921b8-Paper.pdf}, volume = {28}, year = {2015} } @misc{DaTikz, title={AutomaTikZ: Text-Guided Synthesis of Scientific Vector Graphics with TikZ}, author={Jonas Belouadi and Anne Lauscher and Steffen Eger}, year={2024}, eprint={2310.00367}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } Diagram image to text: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Kamizuru00/diagram_image_to_text by @Kamizuru00 @INPROCEEDINGS{DocVQA, author={Mathew, Minesh and Karatzas, Dimosthenis and Jawahar, C. V.}, booktitle={2021 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)}, title={DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Images}, year={2021}, volume={}, number={}, pages={2199-2208}, keywords={Visualization;Computer vision;Text analysis;Image recognition;Image analysis;Conferences;Layout}, doi={10.1109/WACV48630.2021.00225}} @inproceedings{DVQA, title={DVQA: Understanding Data Visualizations via Question Answering}, author={Kafle, Kushal and Cohen, Scott and Price, Brian and Kanan, Christopher}, booktitle={CVPR}, year={2018} } @misc{FigureQA, title={FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoning}, author={Samira Ebrahimi Kahou and Vincent Michalski and Adam Atkinson and Akos Kadar and Adam Trischler and Yoshua Bengio}, year={2018}, eprint={1710.07300}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{FinQA, title = "{F}in{QA}: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Data", author = "Chen, Zhiyu and Chen, Wenhu and Smiley, Charese and Shah, Sameena and Borova, Iana and Langdon, Dylan and Moussa, Reema and Beane, Matt and Huang, Ting-Hao and Routledge, Bryan and Wang, William Yang", editor = "Moens, Marie-Francine and Huang, Xuanjing and Specia, Lucia and Yih, Scott Wen-tau", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = nov, year = "2021", address = "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.300", doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.300", pages = "3697--3711", } @misc{GeomVerse, title={GeomVerse: A Systematic Evaluation of Large Models for Geometric Reasoning}, author={Mehran Kazemi and Hamidreza Alvari and Ankit Anand and Jialin Wu and Xi Chen and Radu Soricut}, year={2023}, eprint={2312.12241}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{hatefulmeme, author = {Kiela, Douwe and Firooz, Hamed and Mohan, Aravind and Goswami, Vedanuj and Singh, Amanpreet and Ringshia, Pratik and Testuggine, Davide}, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, editor = {H. Larochelle and M. Ranzato and R. Hadsell and M.F. Balcan and H. Lin}, pages = {2611--2624}, publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.}, title = {The Hateful Memes Challenge: Detecting Hate Speech in Multimodal Memes}, url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2020/file/1b84c4cee2b8b3d823b30e2d604b1878-Paper.pdf}, volume = {33}, year = {2020} } @inproceedings{Hitab, title = "{H}i{T}ab: A Hierarchical Table Dataset for Question Answering and Natural Language Generation", author = "Cheng, Zhoujun and Dong, Haoyu and Wang, Zhiruo and Jia, Ran and Guo, Jiaqi and Gao, Yan and Han, Shi and Lou, Jian-Guang and Zhang, Dongmei", editor = "Muresan, Smaranda and Nakov, Preslav and Villavicencio, Aline", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = may, year = "2022", address = "Dublin, Ireland", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.78", doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.78", pages = "1094--1110", } @article{IAM, author = {Marti, Urs-Viktor and Bunke, H.}, year = {2002}, month = {11}, pages = {39-46}, title = {The IAM-database: An English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition}, volume = {5}, journal = {International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition}, doi = {10.1007/s100320200071} } @inproceedings{IconQA, title = {IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoning}, author = {Lu, Pan and Qiu, Liang and Chen, Jiaqi and Xia, Tony and Zhao, Yizhou and Zhang, Wei and Yu, Zhou and Liang, Xiaodan and Zhu, Song-Chun}, booktitle = {The 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks}, year = {2021} } @INPROCEEDINGS{InfographicVQA, author={Mathew, Minesh and Bagal, Viraj and Tito, Rubèn and Karatzas, Dimosthenis and Valveny, Ernest and Jawahar, C. V.}, booktitle={2022 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)}, title={InfographicVQA}, year={2022}, volume={}, number={}, pages={2582-2591}, keywords={Visualization;Computer vision;Computational modeling;Layout;Data visualization;Benchmark testing;Brain modeling;Document Analysis Datasets;Evaluation and Comparison of Vision Algorithms;Vision and Languages}, doi={10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00264} } @inproceedings{Inter-GPS, title = {Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoning}, author = {Lu, Pan and Gong, Ran and Jiang, Shibiao and Qiu, Liang and Huang, Siyuan and Liang, Xiaodan and Zhu, Song-Chun}, booktitle = {The Joint Conference of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP 2021)}, year = {2021} } @misc{LocalizedNarratives, title={Connecting Vision and Language with Localized Narratives}, author={Jordi Pont-Tuset and Jasper Uijlings and Soravit Changpinyo and Radu Soricut and Vittorio Ferrari}, year={2020}, eprint={1912.03098}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @misc{MapQA, title={MapQA: A Dataset for Question Answering on Choropleth Maps}, author={Shuaichen Chang and David Palzer and Jialin Li and Eric Fosler-Lussier and Ningchuan Xiao}, year={2022}, eprint={2211.08545}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @misc{MIMIC-IT-General-Scene-Difference, title={MIMIC-IT: Multi-Modal In-Context Instruction Tuning}, author={Bo Li and Yuanhan Zhang and Liangyu Chen and Jinghao Wang and Fanyi Pu and Jingkang Yang and Chunyuan Li and Ziwei Liu}, year={2023}, eprint={2306.05425}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{Multihiertt, title = "{M}ulti{H}iertt: Numerical Reasoning over Multi Hierarchical Tabular and Textual Data", author = "Zhao, Yilun and Li, Yunxiang and Li, Chenying and Zhang, Rui", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = may, year = "2022", address = "Dublin, Ireland", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.454", pages = "6588--6600", } @inproceedings{NLVR2, title = "A Corpus for Reasoning about Natural Language Grounded in Photographs", author = "Suhr, Alane and Zhou, Stephanie and Zhang, Ally and Zhang, Iris and Bai, Huajun and Artzi, Yoav", editor = "Korhonen, Anna and Traum, David and M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics", month = jul, year = "2019", address = "Florence, Italy", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/P19-1644", doi = "10.18653/v1/P19-1644", pages = "6418--6428", } @INPROCEEDINGS{OCR-VQA, author={Mishra, Anand and Shekhar, Shashank and Singh, Ajeet Kumar and Chakraborty, Anirban}, booktitle={2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)}, title={OCR-VQA: Visual Question Answering by Reading Text in Images}, year={2019}, volume={}, number={}, pages={947-952}, keywords={Optical character recognition software;Visualization;Task analysis;Knowledge discovery;Text analysis;Text recognition;Character recognition;Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Visual Question Answering (VQA), Document image analysis, textVQA}, doi={10.1109/ICDAR.2019.00156} } @InProceedings{okvqa, author = {Kenneth Marino and Mohammad Rastegari and Ali Farhadi and Roozbeh Mottaghi}, title = {OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledge}, booktitle = {Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, year = {2019}, } @InProceedings{PlotQA, author = {Methani, Nitesh and Ganguly, Pritha and Khapra, Mitesh M. and Kumar, Pratyush}, title = {PlotQA: Reasoning over Scientific Plots}, booktitle = {The IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)}, month = {March}, year = {2020} } @inproceedings{RAVEN, title={RAVEN: A Dataset for Relational and Analogical Visual rEasoNing}, author={Zhang, Chi and Gao, Feng and Jia, Baoxiong and Zhu, Yixin and Zhu, Song-Chun}, booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, year={2019} } RenderedText: https://huggingface.co/datasets/wendlerc/RenderedText by @wendlerc @inproceedings{Robut, title = "{R}obu{T}: A Systematic Study of Table {QA} Robustness Against Human-Annotated Adversarial Perturbations", author = "Zhao, Yilun and Zhao, Chen and Nan, Linyong and Qi, Zhenting and Zhang, Wenlin and Tang, Xiangru and Mi, Boyu and Radev, Dragomir", editor = "Rogers, Anna and Boyd-Graber, Jordan and Okazaki, Naoaki", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = jul, year = "2023", address = "Toronto, Canada", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.334", doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.334", pages = "6064--6081", } @inproceedings{SQA, title = "Search-based Neural Structured Learning for Sequential Question Answering", author = "Iyyer, Mohit and Yih, Wen-tau and Chang, Ming-Wei", editor = "Barzilay, Regina and Kan, Min-Yen", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = jul, year = "2017", address = "Vancouver, Canada", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/P17-1167", doi = "10.18653/v1/P17-1167", pages = "1821--1831", } @misc{WikiSQL, title={Seq2SQL: Generating Structured Queries from Natural Language using Reinforcement Learning}, author={Victor Zhong and Caiming Xiong and Richard Socher}, year={2017}, eprint={1709.00103}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } @inproceedings{WTQ, title = "Compositional Semantic Parsing on Semi-Structured Tables", author = "Pasupat, Panupong and Liang, Percy", editor = "Zong, Chengqing and Strube, Michael", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = jul, year = "2015", address = "Beijing, China", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/P15-1142", doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1142", pages = "1470--1480", } @inproceedings{ScienceQA, author = {Lu, Pan and Mishra, Swaroop and Xia, Tanglin and Qiu, Liang and Chang, Kai-Wei and Zhu, Song-Chun and Tafjord, Oyvind and Clark, Peter and Kalyan, Ashwin}, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, editor = {S. Koyejo and S. Mohamed and A. Agarwal and D. Belgrave and K. Cho and A. Oh}, pages = {2507--2521}, publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.}, title = {Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering}, url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/11332b6b6cf4485b84afadb1352d3a9a-Paper-Conference.pdf}, volume = {35}, year = {2022} } @inproceedings{screen2words, author = {Wang, Bryan and Li, Gang and Zhou, Xin and Chen, Zhourong and Grossman, Tovi and Li, Yang}, title = {Screen2Words: Automatic Mobile UI Summarization with Multimodal Learning}, year = {2021}, isbn = {9781450386357}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474765}, doi = {10.1145/3472749.3474765}, booktitle = {The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology}, pages = {498–510}, numpages = {13}, keywords = {Mobile UI summarization, dataset., deep learning, language-based UI, screen understanding}, location = {Virtual Event, USA}, series = {UIST '21} } @inproceedings{SpotTheDiff, title = "Learning to Describe Differences Between Pairs of Similar Images", author = "Jhamtani, Harsh and others", editor = "Riloff, Ellen and Chiang, David and Hockenmaier, Julia and Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = oct # "-" # nov, year = "2018", address = "Brussels, Belgium", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/D18-1436", doi = "10.18653/v1/D18-1436", pages = "4024--4034", } @INPROCEEDINGS{STVQA, author={Biten, Ali Furkan and Tito, Rubèn and Mafla, Andrés and Gomez, Lluis and Rusiñol, Marçal and Jawahar, C.V. and Valveny, Ernest and Karatzas, Dimosthenis}, booktitle={2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)}, title={Scene Text Visual Question Answering}, year={2019}, volume={}, number={}, pages={4290-4300}, keywords={Visualization;Task analysis;Knowledge discovery;Text recognition;Cognition;Computer vision;Semantics}, doi={10.1109/ICCV.2019.00439} } @inproceedings{TabMWP, title={Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoning}, author={Lu, Pan and Qiu, Liang and Chang, Kai-Wei and Wu, Ying Nian and Zhu, Song-Chun and Rajpurohit, Tanmay and Clark, Peter and Kalyan, Ashwin}, booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)}, year={2023} } @inproceedings{TallyQA, title={TallyQA: Answering Complex Counting Questions}, author={Acharya, Manoj and Kafle, Kushal and Kanan, Christopher}, booktitle={AAAI}, year={2019} } @inproceedings{TAT-QA, title = "{TAT}-{QA}: A Question Answering Benchmark on a Hybrid of Tabular and Textual Content in Finance", author = "Zhu, Fengbin and Lei, Wenqiang and Huang, Youcheng and Wang, Chao and Zhang, Shuo and Lv, Jiancheng and Feng, Fuli and Chua, Tat-Seng", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)", month = aug, year = "2021", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.254", doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.254", pages = "3277--3287" } @misc{textcaps, title={TextCaps: a Dataset for Image Captioning with Reading Comprehension}, author={Oleksii Sidorov and Ronghang Hu and Marcus Rohrbach and Amanpreet Singh}, year={2020}, eprint={2003.12462}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @inproceedings{textvqa, title={Towards VQA Models That Can Read}, author={Singh, Amanpreet and Natarjan, Vivek and Shah, Meet and Jiang, Yu and Chen, Xinlei and Parikh, Devi and Rohrbach, Marcus}, booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, pages={8317-8326}, year={2019} } @INPROCEEDINGS{TQA, author={Kembhavi, Aniruddha and Seo, Minjoon and Schwenk, Dustin and Choi, Jonghyun and Farhadi, Ali and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh}, booktitle={2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, title={Are You Smarter Than a Sixth Grader? Textbook Question Answering for Multimodal Machine Comprehension}, year={2017}, volume={}, number={}, pages={5376-5384}, keywords={Knowledge discovery;Visualization;Cognition;Training;Natural languages;Computer vision}, doi={10.1109/CVPR.2017.571} } @inproceedings{VisText, title = {{VisText: A Benchmark for Semantically Rich Chart Captioning}}, author = {Benny J. Tang AND Angie Boggust AND Arvind Satyanarayan}, booktitle = {The Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)}, year = {2023}, url = {http://vis.csail.mit.edu/pubs/vistext} } @InProceedings{Visual7w, title = {{Visual7W: Grounded Question Answering in Images}}, author = {Yuke Zhu and Oliver Groth and Michael Bernstein and Li Fei-Fei}, booktitle = {{IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}}, year = 2016, } @inproceedings{VisualMRC, author = {Ryota Tanaka and Kyosuke Nishida and Sen Yoshida}, title = {VisualMRC: Machine Reading Comprehension on Document Images}, booktitle = {AAAI}, year = {2021} } @article{VQA-RAD, author = {Lau, Jason and Gayen, Soumya and Ben Abacha, Asma and Demner-Fushman, Dina}, year = {2018}, month = {11}, pages = {180251}, title = {A dataset of clinically generated visual questions and answers about radiology images}, volume = {5}, journal = {Scientific Data}, doi = {10.1038/sdata.2018.251} } @misc{VQAv2, title={Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answering}, author={Yash Goyal and Tejas Khot and Douglas Summers-Stay and Dhruv Batra and Devi Parikh}, year={2017}, eprint={1612.00837}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } @misc{VSR, title={Visual Spatial Reasoning}, author={Fangyu Liu and Guy Emerson and Nigel Collier}, year={2023}, eprint={2205.00363}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } @misc{WebSight, title={Unlocking the conversion of Web Screenshots into HTML Code with the WebSight Dataset}, author={Hugo Laurençon and Léo Tronchon and Victor Sanh}, year={2024}, eprint={2403.09029}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.HC} }
## Terms of Use By using the dataset The Cauldron, you agree to comply with the original licenses of the sub-datasets it contains, as well as the dataset license (CC-BY-4.0). Additionally, if you use this dataset to train a Machine Learning model, you agree to disclose your use of the dataset when releasing the model or an ML application using the model. ## Licensing Information License CC-BY-4.0.