questions.csv

Question, Answer
"Which of these features does Cilium provide?
**Select all answers that apply.**
- a. Network policy enforcement
- b. Visibility into traffic at L3/L4 and L7
- c. Networking between Kubernetes pods
- d. Kubernetes secrets management","Answer: a, b, c"
"What is the name of the Cilium component that provides visibility into network traffic?

- a. Hubble
- b. Hobble
- c. Grafana","Answer: a"
"Which of these are characteristics of eBPF?
- a. It allows dynamic changes to the kernel
- b. It can be used to drop network packets that are forbidden by the network policy
- c. It enables high-performance networking with security and observability built-in","Answer: d"
"What are the different tools for installing Cilium components into a Kubernetes cluster?
**Select all that apply.**

- a. Helm
- b. The Cilium CLI
- c. Curl","Answer: a, b"
"A Cilium agent runs on every node in a Kubernetes cluster. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a"
"How many instances of the Hubble Relay run on each cluster?

- a. One per node
- b. One per pod
- c. One per cluster","Answer: c"
"What is the Cilium CLI command for checking that connectivity and policy enforcement is working correctly?

- a. kubectl connectivity test
- b. cilium connectivity test
- c. cilium policy test","Answer: b"
"Which network policy resource type does Cilium support?

- a. Standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy
- b. CiliumNetworkPolicy
- c. CiliumClusterNetworkPolicy
- d. All of the above","Answer: d"
"It’s possible to export Layer 3 network policy using the networkpolicy.io’s visual policy editor as CiliumNetworkPolicy YAML files. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a"
"Which of the following is a true statement? 
**Select all that apply.**

- a. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports service name-based egress policy for internal cluster communications
- b. The standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy resource supports L7 HTTP protocol rules limiting access to specific HTTP paths
- c. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports both TCP and ICMP egress policy","Answer: a"
"Hubble flows include packet dumps. 
**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b"
"You can filter by packet verdict in the Hubble UI service map. 
**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a"
"Which of the following statements are **TRUE**? 
**Select all that apply.**

- a. The Hubble Relay service provides cluster-wide network observability
- b. It's not possible to filter flows by namespace using the Hubble CLI tool
- c. Hubble flows include information about traffic direction
- d. Hubble is optional and needs to be enabled when installing Cilium","Answer: a, c, d"
"After Istio is installed on a Kubernetes cluster, any workloads deployed to service mesh are automatically accompanied with sidecars.

**True/False**
a. True
b. False","Answer: b."
"How is outbound traffic from a service routed to the sidecar?

- a. Programmers must revise their code to specifically target the proxy at localhost:15000.
- b. iptables rules within a Pod are applied to transparently effect this change.
- c. Operators must use the istioctl rewire-pod command to transparently effect this change.","Answer: b."
"What identity framework does Istio base its application of workload identity?

- a. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
- b. Open ID Connect (OIDC)
- c. Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone (SPIFFE)
- d. JSON Web Tokens (JWT)","Answer: c."
"The Istio framework offers the choice between manually configuring Envoy sidecars and letting the Istio control plane manage Envoy.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"The _demo_ configuration profile installs only the Istio control plane and the ingress gateway.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"Helm installation consists of the following Helm charts:

- a. base, istiod, gateway
- b. istiod, ingress-gateway, egress-gateway
- c. istiod, gateways
- d. base, control-plane, gateway","Answer: a."
"In which section of the IstioOperator resource can we configure Kubernetes resource limits and requests:

- a. global
- b. meshConfig
- c. components
- d. We cannot configure limits and requests.","Answer: c."
"Observability is a concept that is broader than traditional monitoring.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"What are the three main components of modern observability?

- a. Graphs, charts, and metrics
- b. Logs, metrics, and traces
- c. Logs, Garbage collection, and Threads","Answer: b."
"With Istio, developers must expose their metrics to Prometheus directly from inside their applications.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"Envoy sidecars can initiate and propagate B3 trace headers without any assistance from the running applications. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"Istio, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, and Kiali are all open source projects.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"The ingress and egress gateways in Istio are single instances of an Envoy proxy. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"In which resource can we configure outlier detection and load balancer settings?

- a. VirtualService
- b. DestinationRule
- c. Gateway
- d. ServiceEntry","Answer: b."
"The traffic can be matched on multiple properties and to match the values, we can only use regular expressions.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"When Envoy retries a failed request, the endpoint that caused the retry is no longer in the load balancing pool. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"Authorization is all about the principal. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"Which one of the following resources can we use to configure mTLS for inbound traffic?

- a. PeerAuthentication
- b. DestinationRule
- c. VirtualService
- d. AuthorizationPolicy","Answer: a."
"What do Kubernetes pods use as their identity during runtime?

- a. Kubernetes secrets
- b. Service accounts
- c. JWT tokens
- d. Bearer tokens","Answer: b."
"The clusters section in the Envoy configuration defines how the traffic is sent to the upstream service. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"Where in the Envoy configuration is the router filter defined?

- a. Within the HTTP connection manager filter
- b. Within the routes
- c. Within the listener filter
- d. Within the clusters","Answer: a."
"We can apply the Envoy configuration patch only at the namespace level. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: b."
"When using the **oci://** scheme in the WasmPlugin resource, the Istio agent downloads compiled Wasm plugins from an OCI-compliant registry.

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"By default, Istio watches all workloads in all namespaces and updates sidecar proxy configuration whenever new workloads are added, removed, or updated. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"Which Istio resource can be used to provide the details about the namespace, labels, and service account to the VM workload?

- a. WorkloadEntry
- b. VirtualService
- c. ServiceEntry
- d. ServiceEntry","Answer: a."
"The primary cluster in the multi-cluster deployment scenario runs the control plane. 

**True/False**

- a. True
- b. False","Answer: a."
"What is the east-west gateway used for?

- a. Service communication within a single Kubernetes cluster
- b. Communication between Istio control plane and services within one cluster
- c. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs
- d. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs, VM sidecars, and Istio’s control plane","Answer: d."
"The process of deploying an Envoy proxy alongside each workload is called:

- a. proxy bundling
- b. sidecar injection
- c. sidecar bundling
- d. proxy injection","Answer: d."