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结果

Results

体外降解率测定显示，B、C、D 组双壁微球降解速度明显快于 A 组，并随着 TPP 浓度的增加而逐渐减慢，培养各时间点各组间微球降解率比较差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。

In addition, the degradation ratio of double-walled microsphere in groups B, C, and D decreased when the TPP concentration increased. There were significant differences in the degradation ratio of each group ( P<0.05).

体外 NGF 缓释率测定显示，与 A 组 PLGA 微球相比，B、C、D 组双壁微球以相对较慢的速度缓释 NGF，且缓释速度随 TPP 浓度增加而减慢。

In vitro sustained release ratio of NGF showed that when compared with PLGA microspheres in group A, double-walled microspheres in groups B, C, and D released NGF at a relatively slow rate, and the sustained release ratio decreased with the increase of TPP concentration.

除 84 d 外，各时间点 B、C、D 组间比较 NGF 总缓释率差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。

Except for 84 days, there was significant difference in the sustained release ratio of NGF between groups B, C, and D ( P<0.05).

体外 NGF 的生物活性评估显示，培养各时间点 B、C、D 组缓释液中具有阳性轴突延长反应的 PC12 细胞百分比均显著高于 A1 组（ P<0.05）。

The bioactivity of NGF results showed that the percentage of PC12 cells with positive axonal elongation reaction in groups B, C, and D was significantly higher than that in group A1 ( P<0.05).

培养 7、28 d，B、C、D 组间比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）；56、84 d 时，C、D 组缓释液中具有阳性轴突延长反应的 PC12 细胞百分比显著高于 B 组（ P<0.05），C、D 组间差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。

At 7 and 28 days of culture, there was no significant difference between groups B, C, and D ( P>0.05); at 56 and 84 days of culture, the percentage of PC12 cells with positive axonal elongation reaction in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group B ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups C and D ( P>0.05).

结论

Conclusion

包埋 NGF 的壳聚糖-PLGA 双壁微球在周围神经损伤后的再生方面具有临床应用潜力。

NGF loaded chitosan-PLGA double-walled microspheres have a potential clinical application in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.

在营养流行病学研究中使用能量控制模型能够从膳食组分摄入量中排除总能量摄入的混杂作用，探究膳食组分摄入与研究结局之间的真实关联。

The energy adjustment models in nutritional epidemiological studies could substantially reduce the confounding effect of total energy intake from the intake of dietary components, and it could explore the real relationship between the intake of dietary component and research outcomes.

本文介绍了标准多元模型、营养素残差模型、能量分解模型和多元营养素密度模型四种能量控制模型。

Four energy adjustment models were introduced in this article, including the standard multivariate model, multivariate nutrient residual model, energy partition model, and multivariate nutrient density model.

并以美国国家健康和营养调查研究数据为例，分别采用各种能量控制模型分析饱和脂肪酸摄入量与全因死亡率之间的关联，比较不同能量控制模型的分析结果。

The four energy adjustment models were applied to analyze the association between the intake of saturated fatty acids and the risk of all-cause mortality based on the data of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

分析显示各种能量控制模型结果基本一致，均能较好地控制能量摄入水平的影响。

The consistent results of different energy adjustment models could indicate that the four models could better control the confounding effect of total energy intake.

方法: 我们对涉及侵略性事件的病人和护士进行半结构式采访,并在2016年5月-2017年3月期间进行数据收集。

METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients and nurses involved in an aggressive incident. Data collection was performed from May 2016 - March 2017.

结果: 对涉及15起侵略性事件的31名病人和护士进行访谈。

RESULTS Thirty-one interviews were conducted concerning 15 aggressive incidents.

病人与护士对事件经过的事实上观点一致,对事件严重程度的感知不一致。

Patients and nurses generally showed agreement on the factual course of events, there was variation in agreement on the perceived severity (PS).

病人关于预防侵略性事件的建议比较偏向个人方面的预防,护士关于预防侵略性事件的建议主要是综合性预防。

Patients' recommendations on prevention were mostly personally focussed, while nurses suggested general improvements.

病人能在事件发生后立即给出预防建议。

Patients are capable to give recommendations on prevention of aggressive incidents, shortly after the incident.

此研究将在何处对何人造成影响?事件经过可以作为评价事件的共同基础。 事后回顾主要研究事件严重程度。

Where and on whom will the research have impact? Factual course of events can be a common ground to start evaluating aggressive incidents and post-incident review should address the severity of incidents.

向病人询问关于提升环境安全和防止事态扩大的建议,会探索出创新的个性的建议同时也维护了病人的自主权。

Asking recommendations from patients on how to improve safety and de-escalation can lead to innovative and personal de-escalation strategies and supports patients autonomy.

儿童口腔医学不仅应关注儿童整个生长发育过程中各种口腔疾病的治疗，更应着眼于这一过程中各种口腔疾病的早期预防、诊断和干预。

Pediatric dentistry should focus not only on the treatment of various oral diseases during the entire growth and development of children but also on the early prevention, diagnosis, and intervention of various oral diseases in this process.

针对妊娠期妇女、婴幼儿、学龄前和学龄期儿童以及青少年不同的全身及口腔生理特点及常见口腔疾病，实施口腔健康管理，可早期识别和去除儿童常见口腔疾病的危险因素，进行早期干预治疗，使儿童牙、、颜面沿着正常轨迹生长发育，最终达到颅颌面的功能完善与美观协调。

Early identification and removal of risk factors or early intervention for common oral diseases is necessary to the implementation of oral health management for pregnant women, infants, preschool and school-age children, and adolescents with different general and oral physiological characteristics and common oral diseases. The treatment enables the growth and development of the teeth, as well as occlusion and facials along the normal trajectory, ultimately achieving the functional perfection and aesthetic coordination of the cranio-maxillary and occlusion.

最近，我们报道了小鼠联合使用GABA与西格列汀(一种可以增加内源性GLP-1的二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂)治疗后，在减少药物诱导的β-细胞损伤以及促进β-细胞再生方面比单独使用这两种药物治疗更加有效。

Recently, we reported that the combination of GABA and sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that increases endogenous GLP-1) was more effective than either agent alone in reducing drug-induced β-cell damage and promoting β-cell regeneration in mice.

然而，在人类胰岛中目前尚未明确GABA与GLP-1是否能够发挥类似的作用。

However, in human islets, it remains unclear whether GABA and GLP-1 exert similar effects.

方法: 为了研究GABA与GLP-1之间的相互作用，对人类胰岛或者INS-1细胞进行GABA和/或艾塞那肽(一种临床上正在使用的GLP-1受体激动剂，GLP-1RA)处理，并且用细胞因子混合物培养了24小时。

METHODS To investigate GABA and GLP-1 interactions, human islets or INS-1 cells were treated with GABA and/or exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) in clinical use, and incubated with a cytokine mixture for 24 hours.

分别使用蛋白质印迹法与流式细胞分析法，检测分离的细胞凋亡蛋白酶-3与膜联蛋白V结合力对细胞因子诱导凋亡的影响。

Cleaved caspase-3 and annexin V binding were measured by western blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively, to investigate effects on cytokine-induced apoptosis.

结果: 单独使用GABA或者艾塞那肽治疗都可以减少细胞因子诱导的凋亡。

RESULTS Cytokine-induced apoptosis was reduced by either GABA or exendin-4 alone.

联合使用GABA与艾塞那肽治疗后更加显著地改善了这一点，从而逆转了细胞凋亡。

This was markedly improved by combining GABA and exendin-4, resulting in a reversal of apoptosis.

联合治疗可以显著加强Akt通路的信号传导。

The combination notably increased Akt pathway signaling.

此外，有研究报道，sirtuin-1(sirt1)与α-klotho对β细胞都具有保护作用，联合治疗后两者的浓度都增加了。

Furthermore, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and α-Klotho, both reported to have protective effects on β-cells, were increased.

重要的是，联合使用这两种药物治疗后人类β细胞的胰岛素分泌功能得到了改善。

Importantly, the combination ameliorated insulin secretion by human β-cells.

方法: 在2016年11月1日至2017年9月1日进行数据采集。

METHODS Data collection was conducted from 1November 2016 - 1 September 2017.

共有6名受试者参与了该研究。

A total of six participants participated in the study.

该研究采用定性研究统一报告准则(COREQ)进行报告。

The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used to report this study.

结果: 研究结果表明,艾滋病病毒携带者和坚持抗逆转录病毒治疗者的经历架构包括6项基本的共有组分:(a)抗逆转录病毒治疗已成为正常生活的先决条件;(b)对敏感身体无休止的调理;(c)按给药时间划分一天时间;(d)给药时间需与私密给药空间的可用性相一致;(e)关系分类--知道我在服用抗逆转录病毒药物的人和不知道我服用抗逆转录病毒药物的人;(f)认识到影响抗逆转录病毒治疗的多重关系。

RESULTS The findings show that the structure of the experience of people living with HIV and adhering to antiretroviral therapy is composed of six essential common constituents: 1) Antiretroviral therapy adherence has become a prerequisite for a normal life; 2) Endless adjustments responding to a sensitive body; 3) Dosing Time becomes the framework of the day; 4) Dosing time needing to coincide with the availability of confidential dosing space; 5) Classification of Relationships - those who know of my taking antiretroviral drugs and those who do not; and 6) Recognition of the multiple relationships affecting antiretroviral therapy.

也就是说,艾滋病病毒感染者的日常生活被一分为二,这反映了他们想要隐瞒的生活和暴露于外界的生活之间实现共存。

That is, their day-to-day living is split into a double life reflecting their coexisting need for concealment and exposure.

与艾滋病病毒感染者的需求相反,他们在治疗过程中有暴露于外界的风险。

Contrary to what people living with HIV want, they are at risk of external exposure during the process of treatment.

该研究强调了护士需要与患者沟通,了解他们应对挑战所需的策略。

This study highlights the need for nurses to communicate with patients about the strategies they need to meet the challenges they face.

建立流式微球技术（FCIA）检测血浆vWF抗原（vWF:Ag）的方法，探索其在预测缺血性脑卒中患者长期预后中的价值。

To establish a novel flow cytometric immunobead array (FCIA) for detecting plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), and to analyze the clinical value of FCIA in predicting the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke (IS).

方法

METHODS

包被抗人vWF单克隆抗体SZ29 IgG的微球捕获血浆vWF，再与FITC标记的绵羊抗人vWF IgG多克隆抗体孵育，结束后在流式细胞仪上检测分析。

Anti-human vWF monoclonal antibody SZ29 IgG was coated on microspheres overnight, the diluted plasma was added after blocking, then incubated with FITC-conjugated sheep-anti-human vWF IgG polyclonal antibody, and finally detected by flow cytometry.

21例血管性血友病患者和105例健康对照者用FCIA法和酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）同时检测血浆vWF:Ag，进行方法学间的评估。

The plasma vWF in 21 case of von Willebrand disease (vWD) and 105 controls (CTL) were detected by FCIA and ELISA, so as to carry out methodological assessment.

应用FCIA法检测61例脑卒中患者的初诊vWF:Ag水平，随访2年预后情况。

Plasma vWF:Ag of 61 IS patients was detected by FCIA and the data of prognosis followed-up for 2-year were collected.

结果

RESULTS

FCIA法检测血浆vWF:Ag的标准曲线拟合较好（R2=0.99），与ELISA的差异无统计学意义。

The linear fitting of FCIA was good (R2=0.99) without significant difference between FCIA and ELISA.

经Bland-Altman一致性检验，2种方法的偏倚为1.12%，95%一致性界限为（-45.06%，47.30%）；经线性回归分析，FCIA法与ELISA法有较好的相关性（斜率=0.97，r=0.86，P＜0.0001），且耗时短、灵敏度更高。

The Bland-Altman bias was 1.12% with 95% limits of agreement that spanned from -45.06% to 47.30%, and the slope of the linear regression was 0.97 (r=0.86, P＜0.01). Importantly, the FCIA method was faster than ELISA, and superior to the ELISA in the detection of low levels of vWF:Ag.

与对照组相比，脑卒中患者的vWF:Ag、vWF:GPIbR和vWF胶原结合活性显著升高（Z值分别为8.36、8.71、6.22，P＜0.01）。

The levels of vWF:Ag, vWF:GPIbR and vWF:CB in IS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (Z=8.36, 8.71, 6.22, respectively, P＜0.01).

流式微球技术检测vWF:Ag不仅是ELISA法的有效补充，且快速灵敏，提高了对3型血管性血友病的诊断。

The FCIA for detecting plasma vWF:Ag is not only an effective supplement to ELISA, but also the efficiency is faster and more sensitive, thus improves the diagnosis of type 3 vWD.

脑卒中患者vWF:Ag水平升高预示着2年的日常活动能力恢复差，长期预后不良。

Elevated levels of vWF: Ag in IS patients indicate the poor recovery of daily activities and prognosis.

HIV-1 疫苗研发是当前艾滋病研究的一大热点，其病毒表面包膜糖蛋白Env 三聚体介导病毒与细胞融合，是HIV-1 疫苗研究的重要靶点。

Currently, HIV-1 vaccine development has still been a hot pot in the AIDS research. HIV-1 glycoprotein Env is the sole target in the virion surface that mediates the membrane fusion between the virion and cell in the HIV-1 infection process.

因此，设计并在体外表达类天然Env 三聚体对HIV-1 疫苗的研发具有重要的意义。

Env protein is the significant immunogen for HIV-1 vaccine development.

近年来，Env 三聚体研究取得了显著的进展。

In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in the Env trimer research.

SOSIP、NFL2P、UFO 等抗原改造方法实现了类天然Env 三聚体的体外表达，逐步解决了改造抗原产量低、结构不稳定等问题，且表达的Env 三聚体抗原能在动物免疫中诱导机体产生较高的中和抗体水平。 Env 三聚体改造方法促进了HIV-1 疫苗的研究。

For example, the strategies including SOSIP, NFL2P, and UFO had been applied to design and generate HIV-1 Env trimer. The improvement of quantity and stability is beneficial to achieve the HIV-1 native-like Env trimer for elicitation of strong neutralizing antibody responsing in animal immunization.

文中综述了SOSIP、NFL2P、UFO 三种HIV-1 Env 三聚体抗原改造方法，对比各个改造方法优缺点，并结合自身工作提出相关建议，为后续HIV-1 抗原的相关设计提供指导。

This review focuses on the different strategies for Env trimer design and compares their advantages and disadvantages, combining with our work to give some advice, which might provide relevant information for the future HIV-1 immunogen design.

虽然结直肠疾病的手术治疗进展较慢，但借助于近年来微创外科技术、围手术期综合治疗策略和临床研究的进步，中国结直肠外科亦得以快速发展。

Although the surgical treatment of colorectal disease progresses slowly, with the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques, perioperative comprehensive treatment strategies and clinical research in recent years, Chinese colorectal surgery has developed rapidly.

经肛全直肠系膜切除、盆腔侧方淋巴结清扫、直肠癌新辅助治疗临床完全缓解的"等待与观察"策略、机器人结直肠外科手术等仍然是近年来结直肠外科的热点议题。

Transanal total mesorectal excision, lateral pelvic lymph node dissection,"watch and wait"strategy for clinical complete response of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer, and robotic colorectal surgery are still hot topics in colorectal surgery in recent years.

笔者结合全国性结直肠癌手术病例登记数据库建设以及临床研究等展开论述，以期为同道们梳理结直肠外科的发展脉络，共谋中国结直肠外科的发展。

The construction of clinical registry database and clinical research for colorectal cancer surgery are discussed, with a view to combing the development of colorectal surgery for colleagues in the surgical field, and to seek the development of colorectal surgery in China.

7例患儿均在全麻下行患侧舌下腺腺体切除、颌下腺扩张部分导管切除及导管改道术，术中可见颌下腺导管口狭窄，部分导管呈扩张状态。

All seven children underwent sublingual gland resection, submandibular gland dilatation catheter resection, and catheter reroute under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, the orifice of the submandibular gland was constricted and part of the catheter was dilated.

目的: 这是一项旨在调查两国护士对难民医疗保健看法的研究方案。

AIM This is a study protocol to investigate nurses' perspectives on refugee health care in two countries.

目标在于:(a)探索包括工作压力源、领导能力自评、人手及资源是否充足,以及约旦和黎巴嫩护理难民的护士之间的团队合作在内的自我报告的工作环境因素;(b)调查护士相关结果(身体健康;情绪衰竭)与心理社会工作环境的关系;以及(c) 评估护士感受到的工作环境因素与隐性护理配给及病人护理质量之间的关系。

The aims are to: (a) explore self-reported work environment factors, including work stressors, self-rated leadership, staffing and resources adequacy, and teamwork among Jordanian and Lebanese nurses caring for refugees; (b) investigate the relationship between nurse related outcomes (physical health; emotional exhaustion) and their psychosocial work environment; and (c) assess the association between nurses' perceived work environment factors and implicit rationing of care and quality of patient care.

超过630万人是国内难民,480万记录在案的叙利亚侨民居住在邻国并接受医疗服务。

Over 6.3 million people are internally displaced and 4.8 million recorded Syrian expatriates are residing in and receiving healthcare services in the neighbouring host countries.

方法: 研究地点包括黎巴嫩和约旦定期向难民提供护理的私立和公立医院以及初级保健中心。

METHOD The study setting involves both private and public hospitals and primary healthcare centres that provide care to refugees on regular basis in Lebanon and Jordan.

预计抽样规模包括来自黎巴嫩的3,000名持证护士以及2,500名来自约旦的护士和助产士。

The estimated sample size includes 3,000 Registered Nurses from Lebanon and 2,500 nurses and midwives from Jordan.

潜在调查结果有助于帮助各个领导设计干预措施,从而协助照顾难民的护士们带来更加安全的护理以及更好的病人结果。

Potential findings will help leaders design interventions to support nurses who are serving refugees for safer care and better patient outcomes.

调查结果有助于更加有效地分配和管理资源。

Findings will assist in more efficient resource allocation and management.

此外,将确定种种有助于患者、医疗人员以及系统恢复的因素,这些因素可能被用于解决日益严重的全球难民护理问题。

Moreover, factors enabling resilience in patients, providers, and systems will be identified and be of potential use in addressing the growing global problem of caring for displaced persons.

探讨PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002联合蒽环类化疗药物柔红霉素（DNR）对慢性髓系白血病细胞株K562细胞增殖的抑制作用、促凋亡作用及其相关机制。

To investigate the proliferation inhibition and pro-apoptosis effect of LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibtor) combined with daunorubicin (DNR) on the chronic myeloid leurenia cell line K562 and its possible mechanisms.

方法

METHODS

应用MTT法检测LY294002和DNR在不用浓度、不同作用时间点对K562细胞增殖的影响，流式细胞术分析细胞周期的变化，应用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测LY294002和DNR对K562细胞SKP2、P27、BCL-2和BAX2基因和蛋白表达的影响。

The effect of LY294002 and DNR on the proliferation of K562 cells in different treating time and concentration were measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, the mRNA and protein expression of SKP2 , P27, BCL-2 and BAX were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.

结果

RESULTS

LY294002联合DNR能够抑制K562细胞的生长并促进细胞凋亡，且具有浓度及时间依赖性（P＜0.05）；2药联合后细胞增殖抑制率及细胞凋亡率明显增加（P＜0.05）。

LY294002 and DNR were able to inhibit the growth of K562 cells and promote apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05), both the cell proliferation-inhibiting rate and apoptosis rate in combination therapy group were higher than that in DNR-monotherapy group (P＜0.05).

2药联合作用于K562细胞36 h，随着浓度的增加其G2/M期细胞显著减少（P＜0.05），与DNR单药比较，G0/G1期细胞数增加 （P＜0.05），S期细胞减少，但差异无统计学意义。

After K562 cells treated by LY294002 combined DNR for 36 h, the cells were statistically significantly reduced in G2/M phase (P＜0.05), as compared with control group and DNR group. Compared with DNR group, the cell level of G0/G1 phase rased (P＜0.05) and cell level of S phase decreased (P＞0.05).

2药联合作用后，SKP2及BCL-2的mRNA表达量降低，P27 mRNA表达增高，差异具有统计学意义。

Compared with DNR group, the expresson of SKP2 and BCL-2 mRNA decreased, and the expression of P27 mRNA increased in the combination therapy group (P＜0.05).

BAX的表达在各实验组中的差异无统计学意义。

The expression of BAX mRNA was not significantly different between different groups.

相应的蛋白表达水平与之相符。

The same result was found in the protein expression.

结论

CONCLUSION

LY294002对DNR的化疗作用有增敏效果，其作用机制可能与阻滞细胞周期及诱导细胞凋亡有关。

LY294002 has the sensibilizative effect on DNR chemotherapy, which may be relative with blocking the cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.

铁载体是微生物在胞内低铁浓度下分泌的螯合铁的物质，可分为儿茶酚盐类、氧肟酸盐类、羧酸盐类三大类。

Siderophore is a chelating iron substance secreted by microorganisms at low intracellular iron concentration. Siderophore can be divided into three categories: catechol salts, hydroxamic salts and carboxylates.

铁载体的转运分别受Fur、σ 因子、群体感应信号这3 种机制调控。

The transport of siderophore is regulated by Fur, σ factor and quorum sensing signal.

近年来铁载体在石油污染修复、重金属污染修复和纸浆生物漂白等领域得到了应用，受到广泛关注。

In recent years, siderophore has been used in fields such as oil pollution remediation, heavy metal pollution remediation and pulp biological bleaching, and has received extensive attention.

文中综述了铁载体的分类及其转运调控机制，以及铁载体在环境污染治理与修复中的应用，并展望了铁载体今后的应用前景。

This paper reviews the classification of siderophores and their transport regulation mechanism, and the application of siderophore in environmental pollution control and remediation. Furthermore, we address the application of siderophore in the future.

脱细胞基质（dECM）由于其高仿生性和优异的生物相容性，已被广泛用作再生医学的支架材料。

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely used as a scaffold for regenerative medicine due to its high biomimetic and excellent biocompatibility.

水凝胶（hydrogel）作为一种高含水量、可控流动性的功能高分子材料，非常适合用于临床中的部分微创手术。

As a functional polymer material with high water content and controlled fluidity, hydrogel is very promising for some minimally invasive surgery in clinical practice.

近年来，随着水凝胶理论和技术的快速发展，dECM 水凝胶逐渐成为再生医学领域的研究热点。

In recent years, with the rapid development of hydrogel theory and technology, dECM hydrogel has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine.

本文从 dECM 水凝胶的制备及其临床前应用两个方面对近年来的相关研究进行综述，并展望其未来的临床前景。

In this paper, the related researches in recent years are reviewed regarding the preparation of dECM hydrogel and its preclinical application.

本文研究随行（穿戴式）生理参数监测系统在不同运动强度下的心肺生理参数测量的准确性。

This paper aims to study the accuracy of cardiopulmonary physiological parameters measurement under different exercise intensity in the accompanying (wearable) physiological parameter monitoring system.

使用随行生理参数监测系统 SensEcho 与心肺功能测试系统 METALYZER 3B 型（CORTEX）同步采集 28 名健康志愿者（17 名男性和 11 名女性）在站立、躺下、Bruce 跑台运动等多种运动状态下的心肺生理参数，利用 Bland-Altman 分析、相关性分析等方法，从群体和个体角度对比分析两类设备测量得到的心率和呼吸率参数。

SensEcho, an accompanying physiological parameter monitoring system, and CORTEX METALYZER 3B, a cardiopulmonary function testing system, were used to simultaneously collect the cardiopulmonary physiological parameters of 28 healthy volunteers (17 males and 11 females) in various exercise states, such as standing, lying down and Bruce treadmill exercise. Bland-Altman analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, from the perspective of group and individual, were used to contrast and analyze the two types of equipment to measure parameters of heart rate and breathing rate.

新型冠状病毒肺炎对我国人民的生命健康和经济财产造成了巨大的损失。

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has cost a great loss to the health and economic property of Chines people.

在这样的特殊形势下，如何应对主动脉急症患者成为了一个严峻的挑战。

Under such a special circumstance, how to deal with such patients with acute aortic syndrome has become a serious challenge.

快速诊断患者是否合并新型冠状病毒肺炎、安全有效地转运患者、实施合并肺炎患者的介入手术、保护血管外科医疗团队，以及对患者的术后管理和随访等，都成为血管外科医师亟待解决的问题。

Rapid diagnosis of concomitant NCP, safe and effective transportation, implementation of the interventional procedure, protection of vascular surgical team and postoperative management and follow-up of such patients have become urgent problems for us.

结合最新的国家政策、文献报道和个人所在单位支援武汉的防控经验，本文对上述问题进行了简要阐述，希望引发全国血管外科医师对新冠肺炎疫情下如何实施血管外科危重急症乃至常规血管疾病诊疗的思考，共同应对疫情，并在最大程度上将疫情的损害降至最低。

Combined with the latest novel government documents, the literature and the experiences from Wuhan, we answered the above questions briefly and plainly. It also hopes to inspire the national vascular surgeons to manage critical emergencies in vascular surgery and even routine vascular diseases with NCP, as a final point to limit the severe epidemic situation, and minimize the damage of NCP.

探讨前列腺素E2特异性受体激动剂4（EP4A）增强人CD34+细胞干性因子表达的机制。

To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 recoptor 4 antagonist (EP4A) on the self-renewal ability of human CD34+ cells and its mechamism.

方法

METHODS

收集中山大学附属第一医院血液科20例健康供者经G-CSF动员后的外周血造血干细胞采集物，采用免疫磁珠法分选出人CD34+细胞。

The peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell of 20 healthy donors received the G-CSF-mobilization were collected, then the human CD34+ cells were sorted out by MACS microbead kit.

以DMSO作对照，分别用EP4A、EP4A + EP4A拮抗剂（EP4AA）作用人CD34+细胞72 h后，应用热图和Pathway富集分析检测与CD34+细胞干性相关的差异基因和通路；再用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测不同组别细胞中通路蛋白和差异基因的mRNA及蛋白（β-catenin、Nanog、Oct4、Sox2、Stat3、AKT、P38）表达水平。

The human CD34+ cells were treated with DMSO (control group), EP4A (EP4A group) and EP4A+EP4A antagonist (EP4A+EP4A group) for 72 hours. The differential genes and pathways related with CD34+ cell stemness were detected by Thermogram and Pathway enrichment analysis. and then the expression levels of protein and gene (β-catenin, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, Stat3, AKT, P38) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively.

结果

RESULTS

与对照组相比，EP4A组人CD34+细胞中β-catenin、Nanog、Oct4及Sox2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达均增高，而STAT3、AKT、P38 mRNA及其蛋白的表达无变化； EP4A与EP4AA（XAV939）共同作用人CD34+细胞时，人CD34+细胞β-catenin表达水平明显降低，并且Nanog、Oct4及Sox2基因及蛋白表达相应减少。

EP4A could elevate the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, in comparison with control group, however, mRNA and protein expression of STAT3, AKT, P38 were not changed. When human CD34+ cell were cultured with EP4A+XAV939 it was found that the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin was downregulated, moreover the mRNA and protein expression of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 were reduced.

结论

CONCLUSION

EP4A可增加人CD34+细胞干性因子（β-catenin、Nanog、Oct4和Sox2）表达，而不能增加STAT3、AKT、P38表达。

EP4A can upregulate stemness factors-β-catenin, Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 in human CD34+ cell in vitro, but not STAT3, AKT and P38.

横断研究已经证实了隐性定量护理的重要性及其与患者和护士消极的护理结果之间的关系。

Cross-sectional studies have showed the magnitude of implicit rationing of nursing care and its associations with negative patient and nurse outcomes.

该研究包括一项横断面基线调查,以及在调查后的90天内进行重复跟踪评估。

The study included a cross-sectional baseline survey followed by multiple follow-up assessments over 90 days.