Input:
_Pemmican._--Out of the enormous waste of good buffalo flesh one product
stands forth as a redeeming feature--pemmican.

Output:
Although made almost
exclusively by the half-breeds and Indians of the Northwest it
constituted a regular article of commerce of great value to overland
travelers, and was much sought for as long as it was produced.


Input:
Although made almost
exclusively by the half-breeds and Indians of the Northwest it
constituted a regular article of commerce of great value to overland
travelers, and was much sought for as long as it was produced.

Output:
Its
peculiar "staying powers," due to the process of its manufacture, which
yielded a most nourishing food in a highly condensed form, made it of
inestimable value to the overland traveler who must travel light or not
at all.


Input:
Its
peculiar "staying powers," due to the process of its manufacture, which
yielded a most nourishing food in a highly condensed form, made it of
inestimable value to the overland traveler who must travel light or not
at all.

Output:
A handful of pemmican was sufficient food to constitute a meal
when provisions were at all scarce.


Input:
A handful of pemmican was sufficient food to constitute a meal
when provisions were at all scarce.

Output:
The price of pemmican in Winnipeg
was once as low as 2d.


Input:
The price of pemmican in Winnipeg
was once as low as 2d.

Output:
per pound, but in 1883 a very small quantity
which was brought in sold at 10 cents per pound.


Input:
per pound, but in 1883 a very small quantity
which was brought in sold at 10 cents per pound.

Output:
This was probably the
last buffalo pemmican made.


Input:
This was probably the
last buffalo pemmican made.

Output:
H. M. Robinson states that in 1878 pemmican
was worth 1s.


Input:
H. M. Robinson states that in 1878 pemmican
was worth 1s.

Output: 3d.


Output: per pound.


Input: per pound.

Output:
The manufacture of pemmican, as performed by the Red River half-breeds,
was thus described by the Rev. Mr. Belcourt, a Catholic priest, who once
accompanied one of the great buffalo-hunting expeditions:[45]


Input:
The manufacture of pemmican, as performed by the Red River half-breeds,
was thus described by the Rev. Mr. Belcourt, a Catholic priest, who once
accompanied one of the great buffalo-hunting expeditions:[45]

Output:
[Note 45: Schoolcraft's History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian
Tribes, iv, p. 107.]


Input:
[Note 45: Schoolcraft's History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian
Tribes, iv, p. 107.]

Output:
"Other portions which are destined to be made into pimikehigan, or
pemmican, are exposed to an ardent heat, and thus become brittle and
easily reducible to small particles by the use of a flail, the
buffalo-hide answering the purpose of a threshing-floor.


Input:
"Other portions which are destined to be made into pimikehigan, or
pemmican, are exposed to an ardent heat, and thus become brittle and
easily reducible to small particles by the use of a flail, the
buffalo-hide answering the purpose of a threshing-floor.

Output:
The fat or
tallow, being cut up and melted in large kettles of sheet iron, is
poured upon this pounded meat, and the whole mass is worked together
with shovels until it is well amalgamated, when it is pressed, while
still warm, into bags made of buffalo skin, which are strongly sewed up,
and the mixture gradually cools and becomes almost as hard as a rock.


Input:
The fat or
tallow, being cut up and melted in large kettles of sheet iron, is
poured upon this pounded meat, and the whole mass is worked together
with shovels until it is well amalgamated, when it is pressed, while
still warm, into bags made of buffalo skin, which are strongly sewed up,
and the mixture gradually cools and becomes almost as hard as a rock.

Output:
If
the fat used in this process is that taken from the parts containing the
udder, the meat is called fine pemmican.


Input:
If
the fat used in this process is that taken from the parts containing the
udder, the meat is called fine pemmican.

Output:
In some cases, dried fruits,
such as the prairie pear and cherry, are intermixed, which forms what is
called seed pemmican.


Input:
In some cases, dried fruits,
such as the prairie pear and cherry, are intermixed, which forms what is
called seed pemmican.

Output:
Tho lovers of good eating judge the first
described to be very palatable; the second, better; the third,
excellent.


Input:
Tho lovers of good eating judge the first
described to be very palatable; the second, better; the third,
excellent.

Output: A taurean of pemmican weighs from 100 to 110 pounds.


Input: A taurean of pemmican weighs from 100 to 110 pounds.

Output:
Some
idea may be formed of the immense destruction of buffalo by these people
when it is stated that a whole cow yields one-half a bag of pemmican and
three fourths of a bundle of dried meat; so that the most economical
calculate that from eight to ten cows are required for the load of a
single vehicle.


Input:
Some
idea may be formed of the immense destruction of buffalo by these people
when it is stated that a whole cow yields one-half a bag of pemmican and
three fourths of a bundle of dried meat; so that the most economical
calculate that from eight to ten cows are required for the load of a
single vehicle.

Output:
"

It is quite evident from the testimony of disinterested travelers that
ordinary pemmican was not very palatable to one unaccustomed to it as a
regular article of food.


Input:
"

It is quite evident from the testimony of disinterested travelers that
ordinary pemmican was not very palatable to one unaccustomed to it as a
regular article of food.

Output:
To the natives, however, especially the
Canadian _voyageur_, it formed one of the most valuable food products of
the country, and it is said that the demand for it was generally greater
than the supply.


Input:
To the natives, however, especially the
Canadian _voyageur_, it formed one of the most valuable food products of
the country, and it is said that the demand for it was generally greater
than the supply.

Output:
_Dried, or "jerked" meat._--The most popular and universal method of
curing buffalo meat was to cut it into thin flakes, an inch or less in
thickness and of indefinite length, and without salting it in the least
to hang it over poles, ropes, wicker-frames, or even clumps of standing
sage brush, and let it dry in the sun.


Input:
_Dried, or "jerked" meat._--The most popular and universal method of
curing buffalo meat was to cut it into thin flakes, an inch or less in
thickness and of indefinite length, and without salting it in the least
to hang it over poles, ropes, wicker-frames, or even clumps of standing
sage brush, and let it dry in the sun.

Output:
This process yielded the famous
"jerked" meat so common throughout the West in the early days, from the
Rio Grande to the Saskatchewan.


Input:
This process yielded the famous
"jerked" meat so common throughout the West in the early days, from the
Rio Grande to the Saskatchewan.

Output:
Father Belcourt thus described the
curing process as it was practiced by the half-breeds and Indians of the
Northwest:

"The meat, when taken to camp, is cut by the women into long strips
about a quarter of an inch thick, which are hung upon the lattice-work
prepared for that purpose to dry.


Input:
Father Belcourt thus described the
curing process as it was practiced by the half-breeds and Indians of the
Northwest:

"The meat, when taken to camp, is cut by the women into long strips
about a quarter of an inch thick, which are hung upon the lattice-work
prepared for that purpose to dry.

Output:
This lattice-work is formed of small
pieces of wood, placed horizontally, transversely, and equidistant from
each other, not unlike an immense gridiron, and is supported by wooden
uprights (trepieds).


Input:
This lattice-work is formed of small
pieces of wood, placed horizontally, transversely, and equidistant from
each other, not unlike an immense gridiron, and is supported by wooden
uprights (trepieds).

Output:
In a few days the meat is thoroughly desiccated,
when it is bent into proper lengths and tied into bundles of 60 or 70
pounds weight.


Input:
In a few days the meat is thoroughly desiccated,
when it is bent into proper lengths and tied into bundles of 60 or 70
pounds weight.

Output: This is called dried meat (viande seche).


Input: This is called dried meat (viande seche).

Output:
To make the
hide into parchment (so called) it is stretched on a frame, and then
scraped on the inside with a piece of sharpened bone and on the outside
with a small but sharp-curved iron, proper to remove the hair.


Input:
To make the
hide into parchment (so called) it is stretched on a frame, and then
scraped on the inside with a piece of sharpened bone and on the outside
with a small but sharp-curved iron, proper to remove the hair.

Output:
This is
considered, likewise, the appropriate labor of women.


Input:
This is
considered, likewise, the appropriate labor of women.

Output:
The men break the
bones, which are boiled in water to extract the marrow to be used for
frying and other culinary purposes.


Input:
The men break the
bones, which are boiled in water to extract the marrow to be used for
frying and other culinary purposes.

Output:
The oil is then poured into the
bladder of the animal, which contains, when filled, about 12 pounds,
being the yield of the marrow-bones of two buffaloes.


Input:
The oil is then poured into the
bladder of the animal, which contains, when filled, about 12 pounds,
being the yield of the marrow-bones of two buffaloes.

Output:
"

In the Northwest Territories dried meat, which formerly sold at 2_d._
per pound, was worth in 1878 10_d._ per pound.


Input:
"

In the Northwest Territories dried meat, which formerly sold at 2_d._
per pound, was worth in 1878 10_d._ per pound.

Output:
Although I have myself prepared quite a quantity of jerked buffalo meat,
I never learned to like it.


Input:
Although I have myself prepared quite a quantity of jerked buffalo meat,
I never learned to like it.

Output:
Owing to the absence of salt in its curing,
the dried meat when pounded and made into a stew has a "far away" taste
which continually reminds one of hoofs and horns.


Input:
Owing to the absence of salt in its curing,
the dried meat when pounded and made into a stew has a "far away" taste
which continually reminds one of hoofs and horns.

Output:
For all that, and
despite its resemblance in flavor to Liebig's Extract of Beef, it is
quite good, and better to the taste than ordinary pemmican.


Input:
For all that, and
despite its resemblance in flavor to Liebig's Extract of Beef, it is
quite good, and better to the taste than ordinary pemmican.

Output:
The Indians formerly cured great quantities of buffalo meat in this
way--in summer, of course, for use in winter--but the advent of that
popular institution called "Government beef" long ago rendered it
unnecessary for the noble red man to exert his squaw in that once
honorable field of labor.


Input:
The Indians formerly cured great quantities of buffalo meat in this
way--in summer, of course, for use in winter--but the advent of that
popular institution called "Government beef" long ago rendered it
unnecessary for the noble red man to exert his squaw in that once
honorable field of labor.

Output:
During the existence of the buffalo herds a few thrifty and enterprising
white men made a business of killing buffaloes in summer and drying the
meat in bulk, in the same manner which to-day produces our popular
"dried beef."


Input:
During the existence of the buffalo herds a few thrifty and enterprising
white men made a business of killing buffaloes in summer and drying the
meat in bulk, in the same manner which to-day produces our popular
"dried beef."

Output:
Mr. Allen states that "a single hunter at Hays City
shipped annually for some years several hundred barrels thus prepared,
which the consumers probably bought for ordinary beef.


Input:
Mr. Allen states that "a single hunter at Hays City
shipped annually for some years several hundred barrels thus prepared,
which the consumers probably bought for ordinary beef.

Output:
"

_


Input:
"

_

Output:
Uses of bison's hair._--Numerous attempts have been made to utilize the
woolly hair of the bison in the manufacture of textile fabrics.


Input:
Uses of bison's hair._--Numerous attempts have been made to utilize the
woolly hair of the bison in the manufacture of textile fabrics.

Output:
As early
as 1729 Col. William Byrd records the fact that garments were made of
this material, as follows:

"The Hair growing upon his Head and Neck is long and Shagged, and so
Soft that it will spin into Thread not unlike Mohair, and might be wove
into a sort of Camlet.


Input:
As early
as 1729 Col. William Byrd records the fact that garments were made of
this material, as follows:

"The Hair growing upon his Head and Neck is long and Shagged, and so
Soft that it will spin into Thread not unlike Mohair, and might be wove
into a sort of Camlet.

Output:
Some People have Stockings knit of it, that would
have served an Israelite during his forty Years march thro' the
Wilderness.


Input:
Some People have Stockings knit of it, that would
have served an Israelite during his forty Years march thro' the
Wilderness.

Output: "[46]


Output: [Note 46: Westover MSS., i, p. 172.]


Input: [Note 46: Westover MSS., i, p. 172.]

Output:
In 1637 Thomas Morton published, in his "New English Canaan," p. 98,[47]
the following reference to the Indians who live on the southern shore of
Lake Erocoise, supposed to be Lake Ontario:


Input:
In 1637 Thomas Morton published, in his "New English Canaan," p. 98,[47]
the following reference to the Indians who live on the southern shore of
Lake Erocoise, supposed to be Lake Ontario:

Output: [Note 47: Quoted by Professor Allen, "American Bisons," p. 107.]


Input: [Note 47: Quoted by Professor Allen, "American Bisons," p. 107.]

Output:
"These Beasts [buffaloes, undoubtedly] are of the bignesse of a Cowe,
their flesh being very good foode, their hides good lether, their
fleeces very usefull, being a kind of wolle, as fine as the wolle of the
Beaver, and the Salvages doe make garments thereof.


Input:
"These Beasts [buffaloes, undoubtedly] are of the bignesse of a Cowe,
their flesh being very good foode, their hides good lether, their
fleeces very usefull, being a kind of wolle, as fine as the wolle of the
Beaver, and the Salvages doe make garments thereof.

Output:
"

Professor Allen quotes a number of authorities who have recorded
statements in regard to the manufacture of belts, garters, scarfs,
sacks, etc., from buffalo wool by various tribes of Indians.[48]


Input:
"

Professor Allen quotes a number of authorities who have recorded
statements in regard to the manufacture of belts, garters, scarfs,
sacks, etc., from buffalo wool by various tribes of Indians.[48]

Output:
He also
calls attention to the only determined efforts ever made by white men on
a liberal scale for the utilization of buffalo "wool" and its
manufacture into cloth, an account of which appears in Ross's "Red River
Settlement," pp. 69-72.


Input:
He also
calls attention to the only determined efforts ever made by white men on
a liberal scale for the utilization of buffalo "wool" and its
manufacture into cloth, an account of which appears in Ross's "Red River
Settlement," pp. 69-72.

Output:
In 1821 some of the more enterprising of the Red
River (British) colonists conceived the idea of making fortunes out of
the manufacture of woolen goods from the fleece of the buffalo, and for
that purpose organized the Buffalo Wool Company, the principal object of
which was declared to be "to provide a substitute for wool, which
substitute was to be the wool of the wild buffalo, which was to be
collected in the plains and manufactured both for the use of the
colonists and for export."


Input:
In 1821 some of the more enterprising of the Red
River (British) colonists conceived the idea of making fortunes out of
the manufacture of woolen goods from the fleece of the buffalo, and for
that purpose organized the Buffalo Wool Company, the principal object of
which was declared to be "to provide a substitute for wool, which
substitute was to be the wool of the wild buffalo, which was to be
collected in the plains and manufactured both for the use of the
colonists and for export."

Output:
A large number of skilled workmen of various
kinds were procured from England, and also a plant of machinery and
materials.


Input:
A large number of skilled workmen of various
kinds were procured from England, and also a plant of machinery and
materials.

Output:
When too late, it was found that the supply of buffalo wool
obtainable was utterly insufficient, the raw wool costing the company
1_s._


Input:
When too late, it was found that the supply of buffalo wool
obtainable was utterly insufficient, the raw wool costing the company
1_s._

Output: 6_d.


Output: _ per pound, and cloth which it cost the company £2 10_s.


Input: _ per pound, and cloth which it cost the company £2 10_s.

Output: _


Output: per yard to produce was worth only 4_s._


Input: per yard to produce was worth only 4_s._

Output: 6_d.


Output: _ per yard in England.


Input: _ per yard in England.

Output:
The
historian states that universal drunkenness on the part of all concerned
aided very materially in bringing about the total failure of the
enterprise in a very short time.


Input:
The
historian states that universal drunkenness on the part of all concerned
aided very materially in bringing about the total failure of the
enterprise in a very short time.

Output: [Note 48: The American Bison, p. 197.]


Input: [Note 48: The American Bison, p. 197.]

Output:
While it is possible to manufacture the fine, woolly fur of the bison
into cloth or knitted garments, provided a sufficient supply of the raw
material could be obtained (which is and always has been impossible),
nothing could be more visionary than an attempt to thus produce salable
garments at a profit.


Input:
While it is possible to manufacture the fine, woolly fur of the bison
into cloth or knitted garments, provided a sufficient supply of the raw
material could be obtained (which is and always has been impossible),
nothing could be more visionary than an attempt to thus produce salable
garments at a profit.

Output:
Articles of wearing apparel made of buffalo's hair are interesting as
curiosities, for their rarity makes them so, but that is the only end
they can ever serve so long as there is a sheep living.


Input:
Articles of wearing apparel made of buffalo's hair are interesting as
curiosities, for their rarity makes them so, but that is the only end
they can ever serve so long as there is a sheep living.

Output:
In the National Museum, in the section of animal products, there is
displayed a pair of stockings made in Canada from the finest buffalo
wool, from the body of the animal.


Input:
In the National Museum, in the section of animal products, there is
displayed a pair of stockings made in Canada from the finest buffalo
wool, from the body of the animal.

Output:
They are thick, heavy, and full of
the coarse, straight hairs, which it seems can never be entirely
separated from the fine wool.


Input:
They are thick, heavy, and full of
the coarse, straight hairs, which it seems can never be entirely
separated from the fine wool.

Output:
In general texture they are as coarse as
the coarsest sheep's wool would produce.


Input:
In general texture they are as coarse as
the coarsest sheep's wool would produce.

Output:
With the above are also displayed a rope-like lariat, made by the
Comanche Indians, and a smaller braided lasso, seemingly a sample more
than a full-grown lariat, made by the Otoe Indians of Nebraska.


Input:
With the above are also displayed a rope-like lariat, made by the
Comanche Indians, and a smaller braided lasso, seemingly a sample more
than a full-grown lariat, made by the Otoe Indians of Nebraska.

Output:
Both of
the above are made of the long, dark-brown hair of the head and
shoulders, and in spite of the fact that they have been twisted as hard
as possible, the ends of the hairs protrude so persistently that the
surface of each rope is extremely hairy.


Input:
Both of
the above are made of the long, dark-brown hair of the head and
shoulders, and in spite of the fact that they have been twisted as hard
as possible, the ends of the hairs protrude so persistently that the
surface of each rope is extremely hairy.

Output:
_Buffalo chips._--Last, but by no means least in value to the traveler
on the treeless plains, are the droppings of the buffalo, universally
known as "buffalo chips."


Input:
_Buffalo chips._--Last, but by no means least in value to the traveler
on the treeless plains, are the droppings of the buffalo, universally
known as "buffalo chips."

Output:
When over one year old and thoroughly dry,
this material makes excellent fuel.


Input:
When over one year old and thoroughly dry,
this material makes excellent fuel.

Output:
Usually it occurs only where
fire-wood is unobtainable, and thousands of frontiersmen have a million
times found it of priceless value.


Input:
Usually it occurs only where
fire-wood is unobtainable, and thousands of frontiersmen have a million
times found it of priceless value.

Output:
When dry, it catches easily, burns
readily, and makes a hot fire with but very little smoke, although it is
rapidly consumed.


Input:
When dry, it catches easily, burns
readily, and makes a hot fire with but very little smoke, although it is
rapidly consumed.

Output:
Although not as good for a fire as even the poorest
timber it is infinitely better than sage-brush, which, in the absence of
chips, is often the traveler's last resort.


Input:
Although not as good for a fire as even the poorest
timber it is infinitely better than sage-brush, which, in the absence of
chips, is often the traveler's last resort.

Output:
It usually happens that chips are most-abundant in the sheltered
creek-bottoms and near the water-holes, the very situations which
travelers naturally select for their camps.


Input:
It usually happens that chips are most-abundant in the sheltered
creek-bottoms and near the water-holes, the very situations which
travelers naturally select for their camps.

Output:
In these spots the herds
have gathered either for shelter in winter or for water in summer, and
remained in a body for some hours.


Input:
In these spots the herds
have gathered either for shelter in winter or for water in summer, and
remained in a body for some hours.

Output:
And now, when the cowboy on the
round-up, the surveyor, or hunter, who must camp out, pitches his tent
in the grassy coulée or narrow creek-bottom, his first care is to start
out with his largest gunning bag to "rustle some buffalo chips" for a
campfire.


Input:
And now, when the cowboy on the
round-up, the surveyor, or hunter, who must camp out, pitches his tent
in the grassy coulée or narrow creek-bottom, his first care is to start
out with his largest gunning bag to "rustle some buffalo chips" for a
campfire.

Output:
He, at least, when he returns well laden with the spoil of his
humble chase, still has good reason to remember the departed herd with
feelings of gratitude.


Input:
He, at least, when he returns well laden with the spoil of his
humble chase, still has good reason to remember the departed herd with
feelings of gratitude.

Output:
Thus even the last remains of this most useful
animal are utilized by man in providing for his own imperative wants.


Input:
Thus even the last remains of this most useful
animal are utilized by man in providing for his own imperative wants.

Output: IX.


Input: IX.

Output: THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE BISON TO CATTLE-GROWERS.


Input: THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE BISON TO CATTLE-GROWERS.

Output: _


Output:
The bison in captivity and domestication._--Almost from time immemorial
it has been known that the American bison takes kindly to captivity,
herds contentedly with domestic cattle, and crosses with them with the
utmost readiness.


Input:
The bison in captivity and domestication._--Almost from time immemorial
it has been known that the American bison takes kindly to captivity,
herds contentedly with domestic cattle, and crosses with them with the
utmost readiness.

Output:
It was formerly believed, and indeed the tradition
prevails even now to quite an extent, that on account of the hump on the
shoulders a domestic cow could not give birth to a half-breed calf.


Input:
It was formerly believed, and indeed the tradition
prevails even now to quite an extent, that on account of the hump on the
shoulders a domestic cow could not give birth to a half-breed calf.

Output:
This
belief is entirely without foundation, and is due to theories rather
than facts.


Input:
This
belief is entirely without foundation, and is due to theories rather
than facts.

Output:
Numerous experiments in buffalo breeding have been made, and the subject
is far from being a new one.


Input:
Numerous experiments in buffalo breeding have been made, and the subject
is far from being a new one.

Output:
As early as 1701 the Huguenot settlers at
Manikintown, on the James River, a few miles above Richmond, began to
domesticate buffaloes.


Input:
As early as 1701 the Huguenot settlers at
Manikintown, on the James River, a few miles above Richmond, began to
domesticate buffaloes.

Output:
It is also a matter of historical record that in
1786, or thereabouts, buffaloes were domesticated and bred in captivity
in Virginia, and Albert Gallatin states that in some of the northwestern
counties the mixed breed was quite common.


Input:
It is also a matter of historical record that in
1786, or thereabouts, buffaloes were domesticated and bred in captivity
in Virginia, and Albert Gallatin states that in some of the northwestern
counties the mixed breed was quite common.

Output:
In 1815 a series of elaborate
and valuable experiments in cross-breeding the buffalo and domestic
cattle was begun by Mr. Robert Wickliffe, of Lexington, Ky., and
continued by him for upwards of thirty years.[49]


Input:
In 1815 a series of elaborate
and valuable experiments in cross-breeding the buffalo and domestic
cattle was begun by Mr. Robert Wickliffe, of Lexington, Ky., and
continued by him for upwards of thirty years.[49]

Output:
[Note 49: For a full account of Mr. Wickliffe's experiments, written
by himself, see Audubon and Bachman's "Quadrupeds of North America,"
vol.


Input:
[Note 49: For a full account of Mr. Wickliffe's experiments, written
by himself, see Audubon and Bachman's "Quadrupeds of North America,"
vol.

Output: ii, pp.


Input: ii, pp.

Output: 52-54.]


Output:
Quite recently the buffalo-breeding operations of Mr. S. L. Bedson, of
Stony Mountain, Manitoba, and Mr. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans.,
have attracted much attention, particularly for the reason that the
efforts of both these gentlemen have been directed toward the practical
improvement of the present breeds of range cattle.


Input:
Quite recently the buffalo-breeding operations of Mr. S. L. Bedson, of
Stony Mountain, Manitoba, and Mr. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans.,
have attracted much attention, particularly for the reason that the
efforts of both these gentlemen have been directed toward the practical
improvement of the present breeds of range cattle.

Output:
For this reason the
importance of the work in which they are engaged can hardly be
overestimated, and the results already obtained by Mr. Bedson, whose
experiments antedate those of Mr. Jones by several years, are of the
greatest interest to western cattle-growers.


Input:
For this reason the
importance of the work in which they are engaged can hardly be
overestimated, and the results already obtained by Mr. Bedson, whose
experiments antedate those of Mr. Jones by several years, are of the
greatest interest to western cattle-growers.

Output:
Indeed, unless the stock of
pure-blood buffaloes now remaining proves insufficient for the purpose,
I fully believe that we will gradually see a great change wrought in the
character of western cattle by the introduction of a strain of buffalo
blood.


Input:
Indeed, unless the stock of
pure-blood buffaloes now remaining proves insufficient for the purpose,
I fully believe that we will gradually see a great change wrought in the
character of western cattle by the introduction of a strain of buffalo
blood.

Output:
The experiments which have been made thus far prove conclusively that--

(1) The male bison crosses readily with the opposite sex of domestic
cattle, but a buffalo cow has never been known to produce a half-breed
calf.


Input:
The experiments which have been made thus far prove conclusively that--

(1) The male bison crosses readily with the opposite sex of domestic
cattle, but a buffalo cow has never been known to produce a half-breed
calf.

Output: (2) The domestic cow produces a half-breed calf successfully.


Input: (2) The domestic cow produces a half-breed calf successfully.

Output:
(3) The progeny of the two species is fertile to any extent, yielding
half-breeds, quarter, three-quarter breeds, and so on.


Input:
(3) The progeny of the two species is fertile to any extent, yielding
half-breeds, quarter, three-quarter breeds, and so on.

Output: (4) The bison breeds in captivity with perfect regularity and success.


Input: (4) The bison breeds in captivity with perfect regularity and success.

Output: _


Output:
Need of an improvement in range cattle._--Ever since the earliest days
of cattle-ranching in the West, stockmen have had it in their power to
produce a breed which would equal in beef-bearing qualities the best
breeds to be found upon the plains, and be so much better calculated to
survive the hardships of winter, that their annual losses would have
been very greatly reduced.


Input:
Need of an improvement in range cattle._--Ever since the earliest days
of cattle-ranching in the West, stockmen have had it in their power to
produce a breed which would equal in beef-bearing qualities the best
breeds to be found upon the plains, and be so much better calculated to
survive the hardships of winter, that their annual losses would have
been very greatly reduced.

Output:
Whenever there is an unusually severe winter,
such as comes about three times in every decade, if not even oftener,
range cattle perish by thousands.


Input:
Whenever there is an unusually severe winter,
such as comes about three times in every decade, if not even oftener,
range cattle perish by thousands.

Output:
It is an absolute impossibility for
every ranchman who owns several thousand, or even several hundred, head
of cattle to provide hay for them, even during the severest portion of
the winter season, and consequently the cattle must depend wholly upon
their own resources.


Input:
It is an absolute impossibility for
every ranchman who owns several thousand, or even several hundred, head
of cattle to provide hay for them, even during the severest portion of
the winter season, and consequently the cattle must depend wholly upon
their own resources.

Output:
When the winter is reasonably mild, and the snows
never very deep, nor lying too long at a time on the ground, the cattle
live through the winter with very satisfactory success.


Input:
When the winter is reasonably mild, and the snows
never very deep, nor lying too long at a time on the ground, the cattle
live through the winter with very satisfactory success.

Output:
Thanks to the
wind, it usually happens that the falling snow is blown off the ridges
as fast as it falls, leaving the grass sufficiently uncovered for the
cattle to feed upon it.


Input:
Thanks to the
wind, it usually happens that the falling snow is blown off the ridges
as fast as it falls, leaving the grass sufficiently uncovered for the
cattle to feed upon it.

Output:
If the snow-fall is universal, but not more than
a few inches in depth, the cattle paw through it here and there, and eke
out a subsistence, on quarter rations it may be, until a friendly
chinook wind sets in from the southwest and dissolves the snow as if by
magic in a few hours' time.


Input:
If the snow-fall is universal, but not more than
a few inches in depth, the cattle paw through it here and there, and eke
out a subsistence, on quarter rations it may be, until a friendly
chinook wind sets in from the southwest and dissolves the snow as if by
magic in a few hours' time.

Output:
But when a deep snow comes, and lies on the ground persistently, week in
and week out, when the warmth of the sun softens and moistens its
surface sufficiently for a returning cold wave to freeze it into a hard
crust, forming a universal wall of ice between the luckless steer and
his only food, the cattle starve and freeze in immense numbers.


Input:
But when a deep snow comes, and lies on the ground persistently, week in
and week out, when the warmth of the sun softens and moistens its
surface sufficiently for a returning cold wave to freeze it into a hard
crust, forming a universal wall of ice between the luckless steer and
his only food, the cattle starve and freeze in immense numbers.

Output:
Being
totally unfitted by nature to survive such unnatural conditions, it is
not strange that they succumb.


Input:
Being
totally unfitted by nature to survive such unnatural conditions, it is
not strange that they succumb.

Output:
Under present conditions the stockman simply stakes his cattle against
the winter elements and takes his chances on the results, which are
governed by circumstances wholly beyond his control.


Input:
Under present conditions the stockman simply stakes his cattle against
the winter elements and takes his chances on the results, which are
governed by circumstances wholly beyond his control.

Output:
The losses of the
fearful winter of 1886-'87 will probably never be forgotten by the
cattlemen of the great Western grazing ground.


Input:
The losses of the
fearful winter of 1886-'87 will probably never be forgotten by the
cattlemen of the great Western grazing ground.

Output:
In many portions of
Montana and Wyoming the cattlemen admitted a loss of 50 per cent of
their cattle, and in some localities the loss was still greater.


Input:
In many portions of
Montana and Wyoming the cattlemen admitted a loss of 50 per cent of
their cattle, and in some localities the loss was still greater.

Output:
The
same conditions are liable to prevail next winter, or any succeeding
winter, and we may yet see more than half the range cattle in the West
perish in a single month.


Input:
The
same conditions are liable to prevail next winter, or any succeeding
winter, and we may yet see more than half the range cattle in the West
perish in a single month.

Output:
Yet all this time the cattlemen have had it in their power, by the
easiest and simplest method in the world, to introduce a strain of hardy
native blood in their stock which would have made it capable of
successfully resisting a much greater degree of hunger and cold.


Input:
Yet all this time the cattlemen have had it in their power, by the
easiest and simplest method in the world, to introduce a strain of hardy
native blood in their stock which would have made it capable of
successfully resisting a much greater degree of hunger and cold.

Output:
It is
really surprising that the desirability of cross-breeding the buffalo
and domestic cattle should for so long a time have been either
overlooked or disregarded.


Input:
It is
really surprising that the desirability of cross-breeding the buffalo
and domestic cattle should for so long a time have been either
overlooked or disregarded.

Output:
While cattle-growers generally have shown the
greatest enterprise in producing special breeds for milk, for butter, or
for beef, cattle with short horns and cattle with no horns at all, only
two or three men have had the enterprise to try to produce a breed
particularly hardy and capable.


Input:
While cattle-growers generally have shown the
greatest enterprise in producing special breeds for milk, for butter, or
for beef, cattle with short horns and cattle with no horns at all, only
two or three men have had the enterprise to try to produce a breed
particularly hardy and capable.

Output:
A buffalo can weather storms and outlive hunger and cold which would
kill any domestic steer that ever lived.


Input:
A buffalo can weather storms and outlive hunger and cold which would
kill any domestic steer that ever lived.

Output:
When nature placed him on the
treeless and blizzard-swept plains, she left him well equipped to
survive whatever natural conditions he would have to encounter.


Input:
When nature placed him on the
treeless and blizzard-swept plains, she left him well equipped to
survive whatever natural conditions he would have to encounter.

Output:
The most
striking feature of his entire _tout ensemble_ is his magnificent suit
of hair and fur combined, the warmest covering possessed by any
quadruped save the musk-ox.


Input:
The most
striking feature of his entire _tout ensemble_ is his magnificent suit
of hair and fur combined, the warmest covering possessed by any
quadruped save the musk-ox.

Output:
The head, neck, and fore quarters are
clothed with hide and hair so thick as to be almost, if not entirely,
impervious to cold.


Input:
The head, neck, and fore quarters are
clothed with hide and hair so thick as to be almost, if not entirely,
impervious to cold.

Output:
The hair on the body and hind quarters is long,
fine, very thick, and of that peculiar woolly quality which constitutes
the best possible protection against cold.


Input:
The hair on the body and hind quarters is long,
fine, very thick, and of that peculiar woolly quality which constitutes
the best possible protection against cold.

Output:
Let him who doubts the warmth
of a good buffalo robe try to weather a blizzard with something else,
and then try the robe.


Input:
Let him who doubts the warmth
of a good buffalo robe try to weather a blizzard with something else,
and then try the robe.

Output:
The very form of the buffalo--short, thick legs,
and head hung very near the ground--suggests most forcibly a special
fitness to wrestle with mother earth for a living, snow or no snow.


Input:
The very form of the buffalo--short, thick legs,
and head hung very near the ground--suggests most forcibly a special
fitness to wrestle with mother earth for a living, snow or no snow.

Output:
A
buffalo will flounder for days through deep snow-drifts without a morsel
of food, and survive where the best range steer would literally freeze
on foot, bolt upright, as hundreds did in the winter of 1886-'87.


Input:
A
buffalo will flounder for days through deep snow-drifts without a morsel
of food, and survive where the best range steer would literally freeze
on foot, bolt upright, as hundreds did in the winter of 1886-'87.

Output:
While
range cattle turn tail to a blizzard and drift helplessly, the buffalo
faces it every time, and remains master of the situation.


Input:
While
range cattle turn tail to a blizzard and drift helplessly, the buffalo
faces it every time, and remains master of the situation.

Output:
It has for years been a surprise to me that Western stockmen have not
seized upon the opportunity presented by the presence of the buffalo to
improve the character of their cattle.


Input:
It has for years been a surprise to me that Western stockmen have not
seized upon the opportunity presented by the presence of the buffalo to
improve the character of their cattle.

Output:
Now that there are no longer any
buffalo calves to be had on the plains for the trouble of catching them,
and the few domesticated buffaloes that remain are worth fabulous
prices, we may expect to see a great deal of interest manifested in this
subject, and some costly efforts made to atone for previous lack of
forethought.


Input:
Now that there are no longer any
buffalo calves to be had on the plains for the trouble of catching them,
and the few domesticated buffaloes that remain are worth fabulous
prices, we may expect to see a great deal of interest manifested in this
subject, and some costly efforts made to atone for previous lack of
forethought.

Output: _


Output:
The character of the buffalo-domestic hybrid._--The subjoined
illustration from a photograph kindly furnished by Mr. C. J. Jones,
represents a ten months' old half-breed calf (male), the product of a
buffalo bull and domestic cow.


Input:
The character of the buffalo-domestic hybrid._--The subjoined
illustration from a photograph kindly furnished by Mr. C. J. Jones,
represents a ten months' old half-breed calf (male), the product of a
buffalo bull and domestic cow.

Output:
The prepotency of the sire is apparent at
the first glance, and to so marked an extent that the illustration would
pass muster anywhere as having been drawn from a full-blood buffalo.


Input:
The prepotency of the sire is apparent at
the first glance, and to so marked an extent that the illustration would
pass muster anywhere as having been drawn from a full-blood buffalo.

Output:
The
head, neck, and hump, and the long woolly hair that covers them,
proclaim the buffalo in every line.


Input:
The
head, neck, and hump, and the long woolly hair that covers them,
proclaim the buffalo in every line.

Output:
Excepting that the hair on the
shoulders (below the hump) is of the same length as that on the body and
hind quarters, there is, so far as one can judge from an excellent
photograph, no difference whatever observable between this lusty young
half-breed and a full blood buffalo calf of the same age and sex.


Input:
Excepting that the hair on the
shoulders (below the hump) is of the same length as that on the body and
hind quarters, there is, so far as one can judge from an excellent
photograph, no difference whatever observable between this lusty young
half-breed and a full blood buffalo calf of the same age and sex.

Output:
Mr.
Jones describes the color of this animal as "iron-gray," and remarks:
"You will see how even the fur is, being as long on the hind parts as on
the shoulders and neck, very much unlike the buffalo, which is so shaggy
about the shoulders and so thin farther back."


Input:
Mr.
Jones describes the color of this animal as "iron-gray," and remarks:
"You will see how even the fur is, being as long on the hind parts as on
the shoulders and neck, very much unlike the buffalo, which is so shaggy
about the shoulders and so thin farther back."

Output:
Upon this point it is to
be remarked that the hair on the body of a yearling or two year-old
buffalo is always very much longer in proportion to the hair on the
forward parts than it is later in life, and while the shoulder hair is
always decidedly longer than that back of it, during the first two years
the contrast is by no means so very great.


Input:
Upon this point it is to
be remarked that the hair on the body of a yearling or two year-old
buffalo is always very much longer in proportion to the hair on the
forward parts than it is later in life, and while the shoulder hair is
always decidedly longer than that back of it, during the first two years
the contrast is by no means so very great.

Output:
A reference to the memoranda
of hair measurements already given will afford precise data on this
point.


Input:
A reference to the memoranda
of hair measurements already given will afford precise data on this
point.

Output:
In regard to half-breed calves, Mr. Bedson states in a private letter
that "the hump does not appear until several months after birth.


Input:
In regard to half-breed calves, Mr. Bedson states in a private letter
that "the hump does not appear until several months after birth.

Output:
"

Altogether, the male calf described above so strongly resembles a
pure-blood buffalo as to be generally mistaken for one; the form of the
adult half-blood cow promptly proclaims her origin.


Input:
"

Altogether, the male calf described above so strongly resembles a
pure-blood buffalo as to be generally mistaken for one; the form of the
adult half-blood cow promptly proclaims her origin.

Output:
The accompanying
plate, also from a photograph supplied by Mr. Jones, accurately
represents a half-breed cow, six years old, weighing about 1,800 pounds.


Input:
The accompanying
plate, also from a photograph supplied by Mr. Jones, accurately
represents a half-breed cow, six years old, weighing about 1,800 pounds.

Output:
Her body is very noticeably larger in proportion than that of the cow
buffalo, her pelvis much heavier, broader, and more cow-like, therein
being a decided improvement upon the small and weak hind quarters of the
wild species.


Input:
Her body is very noticeably larger in proportion than that of the cow
buffalo, her pelvis much heavier, broader, and more cow-like, therein
being a decided improvement upon the small and weak hind quarters of the
wild species.

Output:
The hump is quite noticeable, but is not nearly so high as
in the pure buffalo cow.


Input:
The hump is quite noticeable, but is not nearly so high as
in the pure buffalo cow.

Output:
The hair on the fore quarters, neck, and head
is decidedly shorter, especially on the head; the frontlet and chin
beard being conspicuously lacking.


Input:
The hair on the fore quarters, neck, and head
is decidedly shorter, especially on the head; the frontlet and chin
beard being conspicuously lacking.

Output:
The tufts of long, coarse, black hair
which clothe the fore-arm of the buffalo cow are almost absent, but
apparently the hair on the body and hind quarters has lost but little,
if any, of its length, density, and fine, furry quality.


Input:
The tufts of long, coarse, black hair
which clothe the fore-arm of the buffalo cow are almost absent, but
apparently the hair on the body and hind quarters has lost but little,
if any, of its length, density, and fine, furry quality.

Output:
The horns are
decidedly cow-like in their size, length, and curvature.


Input:
The horns are
decidedly cow-like in their size, length, and curvature.

Output:
[Illustration: HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) CALF.--HERD OF C. J. JONES,
GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.


Input:
[Illustration: HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) CALF.--HERD OF C. J. JONES,
GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.

Output: Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]


Input: Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]

Output:
Regarding the general character of the half-breed buffalo, and his herd
in general, Mr. Bedson writes me as follows, in a letter dated September
12, 1888:


Input:
Regarding the general character of the half-breed buffalo, and his herd
in general, Mr. Bedson writes me as follows, in a letter dated September
12, 1888:

Output:
"The nucleus of my herd consisted of a young buffalo bull and four
heifer calves, which I purchased in 1877, and the increase from these
few has been most rapid, as will be shown by a tabular statement farther
on.


Input:
"The nucleus of my herd consisted of a young buffalo bull and four
heifer calves, which I purchased in 1877, and the increase from these
few has been most rapid, as will be shown by a tabular statement farther
on.

Output:
"Success with the breeding of the pure buffalo was followed by
experiments in crossing with the domestic animal.


Input:
"Success with the breeding of the pure buffalo was followed by
experiments in crossing with the domestic animal.

Output:
This crossing has
generally been between a buffalo bull and an ordinary cow, and with the
most encouraging results, since it had been contended by many that
although the cow might breed a calf from the buffalo, yet it would be at
the expense of her life, owing to the hump on a buffalo's shoulder; but
this hump does not appear until several months after birth.


Input:
This crossing has
generally been between a buffalo bull and an ordinary cow, and with the
most encouraging results, since it had been contended by many that
although the cow might breed a calf from the buffalo, yet it would be at
the expense of her life, owing to the hump on a buffalo's shoulder; but
this hump does not appear until several months after birth.

Output:
This has
been proved a fallacy respecting _this herd_


Input:
This has
been proved a fallacy respecting _this herd_

Output:
at least, for calving has
been attended with no greater percentage of losses than would be
experienced in ranching with the ordinary cattle.


Input:
at least, for calving has
been attended with no greater percentage of losses than would be
experienced in ranching with the ordinary cattle.

Output:
Buffalo cows and
crosses have dropped calves at as low a temperature as 20° below zero,
and the calves were sturdy and healthy.


Input:
Buffalo cows and
crosses have dropped calves at as low a temperature as 20° below zero,
and the calves were sturdy and healthy.

Output:
"The half breed resulting from the cross as above mentioned has been
again crossed with the thoroughbred buffalo bull, producing a three
quarter breed animal closely resembling the buffalo, the head and robe
being quite equal, if not superior.


Input:
"The half breed resulting from the cross as above mentioned has been
again crossed with the thoroughbred buffalo bull, producing a three
quarter breed animal closely resembling the buffalo, the head and robe
being quite equal, if not superior.

Output: The half-breeds are very prolific.


Input: The half-breeds are very prolific.

Output: The cows drop a calf annually.


Input: The cows drop a calf annually.

Output:
They are also very hardy indeed, as they
take the instinct of the buffalo during the blizzards and storms, and do
not drift like native cattle.


Input:
They are also very hardy indeed, as they
take the instinct of the buffalo during the blizzards and storms, and do
not drift like native cattle.

Output:
They remain upon the open prairie during
our severest winters, while the thermometer ranges from 30 to 40 degrees
below zero, with little or no food except what they rustled on the
prairie, and no shelter at all.


Input:
They remain upon the open prairie during
our severest winters, while the thermometer ranges from 30 to 40 degrees
below zero, with little or no food except what they rustled on the
prairie, and no shelter at all.

Output:
In nearly all the ranching parts of
North America foddering and housing of cattle is imperative in a more or
less degree,[50] creating an item of expense felt by all interested in
cattle-raising; but the buffalo [half]breed retains all its native
hardihood, needs no housing, forages in the deepest snows for its own
food, yet becomes easily domesticated, and consequently needs but little
herding.


Input:
In nearly all the ranching parts of
North America foddering and housing of cattle is imperative in a more or
less degree,[50] creating an item of expense felt by all interested in
cattle-raising; but the buffalo [half]breed retains all its native
hardihood, needs no housing, forages in the deepest snows for its own
food, yet becomes easily domesticated, and consequently needs but little
herding.

Output:
Therefore the progeny of the buffalo is easily reared, cheaply
fed, and requires no housing in winter; three very essential points in
stock-raising.


Input:
Therefore the progeny of the buffalo is easily reared, cheaply
fed, and requires no housing in winter; three very essential points in
stock-raising.

Output:
[Note 50: On nearly all the great cattle ranches of the United States
it is absolutely impossible, and is not even attempted.--W. T. H.]

"They are always in good order, and I consider the meat of the
half-breed much preferable to domestic animals, while the robe is very
fine indeed, the fur being evened up on the hind parts, the same as on
the shoulders.


Input:
[Note 50: On nearly all the great cattle ranches of the United States
it is absolutely impossible, and is not even attempted.--W. T. H.]

"They are always in good order, and I consider the meat of the
half-breed much preferable to domestic animals, while the robe is very
fine indeed, the fur being evened up on the hind parts, the same as on
the shoulders.

Output:
During the history of the herd, accident and other causes
have compelled the slaughtering of one or two, and in these instances
the carcasses have sold for 18 cents per pound; the hides in their
dressed state for $50 to $75 each.


Input:
During the history of the herd, accident and other causes
have compelled the slaughtering of one or two, and in these instances
the carcasses have sold for 18 cents per pound; the hides in their
dressed state for $50 to $75 each.

Output:
A half-breed buffalo ox (four years
old, crossed with buffalo bull and Durham cow) was killed last winter,
and weighed 1,280 pounds dressed beef.


Input:
A half-breed buffalo ox (four years
old, crossed with buffalo bull and Durham cow) was killed last winter,
and weighed 1,280 pounds dressed beef.

Output:
One pure buffalo bull now in my
herd weighs fully 2,000 pounds, and a [half]breed bull 1,700 to 1,800
pounds.


Input:
One pure buffalo bull now in my
herd weighs fully 2,000 pounds, and a [half]breed bull 1,700 to 1,800
pounds.

Output:
"The three-quarter breed is an enormous animal in size, and has an extra
good robe, which will readily bring $40 to $50 in any market where there
is a demand for robes.


Input:
"The three-quarter breed is an enormous animal in size, and has an extra
good robe, which will readily bring $40 to $50 in any market where there
is a demand for robes.

Output:
They are also very prolific, and I consider them
the coming cattle for our range cattle for the Northern climate, while
the half and quarter breeds will be the animals for the more Southern
district.


Input:
They are also very prolific, and I consider them
the coming cattle for our range cattle for the Northern climate, while
the half and quarter breeds will be the animals for the more Southern
district.

Output:
The half and three-quarter breed cows, when really matured,
will weigh from 1,400 to 1,800 pounds.


Input:
The half and three-quarter breed cows, when really matured,
will weigh from 1,400 to 1,800 pounds.

Output:
"I have never crossed them except with a common grade of cows, while I
believe a cross with the Galloways would produce the handsomest robe
ever handled, and make the best range cattle in the world.


Input:
"I have never crossed them except with a common grade of cows, while I
believe a cross with the Galloways would produce the handsomest robe
ever handled, and make the best range cattle in the world.

Output:
I have not
had time to give my attention to my herd, more than to let them range on
the prairies at will.


Input:
I have not
had time to give my attention to my herd, more than to let them range on
the prairies at will.

Output: By proper care great results can be accomplished.


Input: By proper care great results can be accomplished.

Output:
"

Hon. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans., whose years of experience with
the buffalo, both as old-time hunter, catcher, and breeder, has earned
for him the sobriquet of "Buffalo Jones," five years ago became deeply
interested in the question of improving range cattle by crossing with
the buffalo.


Input:
"

Hon. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans., whose years of experience with
the buffalo, both as old-time hunter, catcher, and breeder, has earned
for him the sobriquet of "Buffalo Jones," five years ago became deeply
interested in the question of improving range cattle by crossing with
the buffalo.

Output:
With characteristic Western energy he has pursued the
subject from that time until the present, having made five trips to the
range of the only buffaloes remaining from the great southern herd, and
captured sixty-eight buffalo calves and eleven adult cows with which to
start a herd.


Input:
With characteristic Western energy he has pursued the
subject from that time until the present, having made five trips to the
range of the only buffaloes remaining from the great southern herd, and
captured sixty-eight buffalo calves and eleven adult cows with which to
start a herd.

Output:
In a short article published in the Farmers' Review
(Chicago, August 22, 1888), Mr. Jones gives his views on the value of
the buffalo in cross-breeding as follows:


Input:
In a short article published in the Farmers' Review
(Chicago, August 22, 1888), Mr. Jones gives his views on the value of
the buffalo in cross-breeding as follows:

Output:
"In all my meanderings I have not found a place but I could count more
carcasses [of cattle] than living animals.


Input:
"In all my meanderings I have not found a place but I could count more
carcasses [of cattle] than living animals.

Output:
Who has not ridden over some
of the Western railways and counted dead cattle by the thousands?


Input:
Who has not ridden over some
of the Western railways and counted dead cattle by the thousands?

Output:
The
great question is, Where can we get a race of cattle that will stand
blizzards, and endure the drifting snow, and will not be driven with the
storms against the railroad fences and pasture fences, there to perish
for the want of nerve to face the northern winds for a few miles, to
where the winter grasses could be had in abundance?


Input:
The
great question is, Where can we get a race of cattle that will stand
blizzards, and endure the drifting snow, and will not be driven with the
storms against the railroad fences and pasture fences, there to perish
for the want of nerve to face the northern winds for a few miles, to
where the winter grasses could be had in abundance?

Output:
Realizing these
facts, both from observation and pocket, we pulled on our 'thinking
cap,' and these points came vividly to our mind:

"(1) We want an animal that is hardy.


Input:
Realizing these
facts, both from observation and pocket, we pulled on our 'thinking
cap,' and these points came vividly to our mind:

"(1) We want an animal that is hardy.

Output: "(2) We want an animal with nerve and endurance.


Input: "(2) We want an animal with nerve and endurance.

Output: "(3) We want an animal that faces the blizzards and endures the storms.


Input: "(3) We want an animal that faces the blizzards and endures the storms.

Output:
"(4) We want an animal that will rustle the prairies, and not yield to
discouragement.


Input:
"(4) We want an animal that will rustle the prairies, and not yield to
discouragement.

Output:
"(5) We want an animal that will fill the above bill, and make good
beef and plenty of it.


Input:
"(5) We want an animal that will fill the above bill, and make good
beef and plenty of it.

Output:
[Illustration: HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) COW.--HERD OF C. J. JONES,
GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.


Input:
[Illustration: HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) COW.--HERD OF C. J. JONES,
GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.

Output:
Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]

"All the points above could easily be found in the buffalo, excepting
the fifth, and even that is more than filled as to the quality, but not
in quantity.


Input:
Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]

"All the points above could easily be found in the buffalo, excepting
the fifth, and even that is more than filled as to the quality, but not
in quantity.

Output:
Where is the 'old timer' who has not had a cut from the
hump or sirloin of a fat buffalo cow in the fall of the year, and where
is the one who will not make affidavit that it was the best meat he ever
ate?


Input:
Where is the 'old timer' who has not had a cut from the
hump or sirloin of a fat buffalo cow in the fall of the year, and where
is the one who will not make affidavit that it was the best meat he ever
ate?

Output:
Yes, the fat was very rich, equal to the marrow from the bone of
domestic cattle.


Input:
Yes, the fat was very rich, equal to the marrow from the bone of
domestic cattle.


Output:
* *

"The great question remained unsolved as to the quantity of meat from
the buffalo.


Input:
* *

"The great question remained unsolved as to the quantity of meat from
the buffalo.

Output:
I finally heard of a half-breed buffalo in Colorado, and
immediately set out to find it.


Input:
I finally heard of a half-breed buffalo in Colorado, and
immediately set out to find it.

Output:
I traveled at least 1,000 miles to find
it, and found a five-year-old half-breed cow that had been bred to
domestic bulls and had brought forth two calves--a yearling and a
sucking calf that gave promise of great results.


Input:
I traveled at least 1,000 miles to find
it, and found a five-year-old half-breed cow that had been bred to
domestic bulls and had brought forth two calves--a yearling and a
sucking calf that gave promise of great results.

Output:
"The cow had never been fed, but depended altogether on the range, and
when I saw her, in the fall of 1883.


Input:
"The cow had never been fed, but depended altogether on the range, and
when I saw her, in the fall of 1883.

Output:
I estimated her weight at 1,800
pounds.


Input:
I estimated her weight at 1,800
pounds.

Output:
She was a brindle, and had a handsome robe even in September;
she had as good hind quarters as ordinary cattle; her foreparts were
heavy and resembled the buffalo, yet not near so much of the hump.


Input:
She was a brindle, and had a handsome robe even in September;
she had as good hind quarters as ordinary cattle; her foreparts were
heavy and resembled the buffalo, yet not near so much of the hump.

Output:
The
offspring showed but very little of the buffalo, yet they possessed a
woolly coat, which showed clearly that they were more than domestic
cattle.


Input:
The
offspring showed but very little of the buffalo, yet they possessed a
woolly coat, which showed clearly that they were more than domestic
cattle.


Output:
* *

"What we can rely on by having one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths
breeds might be analyzed as follows:

"We can depend upon a race of cattle unequaled in the world for
hardiness and durability; a good meat-bearing animal; the best and only
fur-bearing animal of the bovine race; the animal always found in a
storm where it is overtaken by it; a race of cattle so clannish as never
to separate and go astray; the animal that can always have free range,
as they exist where no other animal can live; the animal that can water
every third day and keep fat, ranging from 20 to 30 miles from water; in
fact, they are the perfect animal for the plains of North America.


Input:
* *

"What we can rely on by having one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths
breeds might be analyzed as follows:

"We can depend upon a race of cattle unequaled in the world for
hardiness and durability; a good meat-bearing animal; the best and only
fur-bearing animal of the bovine race; the animal always found in a
storm where it is overtaken by it; a race of cattle so clannish as never
to separate and go astray; the animal that can always have free range,
as they exist where no other animal can live; the animal that can water
every third day and keep fat, ranging from 20 to 30 miles from water; in
fact, they are the perfect animal for the plains of North America.

Output:
One-fourth breeds for Texas, one-half breeds for Colorado and Kansas,
and three-fourths breeds for more northern country, is what will soon be
sought after more than any living animal.


Input:
One-fourth breeds for Texas, one-half breeds for Colorado and Kansas,
and three-fourths breeds for more northern country, is what will soon be
sought after more than any living animal.

Output:
Then we will never be
confronted with dead carcarsses from starvation, exhaustion, and lack of
nerve, as in years gone by.


Input:
Then we will never be
confronted with dead carcarsses from starvation, exhaustion, and lack of
nerve, as in years gone by.

Output:
"

_


Input:
"

_

Output:
The bison as a beast of burden._--On account of the abundance of horses
for all purposes throughout the entire country, oxen are so seldom used
they almost constitute a curiosity.


Input:
The bison as a beast of burden._--On account of the abundance of horses
for all purposes throughout the entire country, oxen are so seldom used
they almost constitute a curiosity.

Output:
There never has existed a necessity
to break buffaloes to the yoke and work them like domestic oxen, and so
few experiments have been made in this direction that reliable data on
this subject is almost wholly wanting.


Input:
There never has existed a necessity
to break buffaloes to the yoke and work them like domestic oxen, and so
few experiments have been made in this direction that reliable data on
this subject is almost wholly wanting.

Output:
While at Miles City, Mont., I
heard of a German "granger" who worked a small farm in the Tongue River
Valley, and who once had a pair of cow buffaloes trained to the yoke.


Input:
While at Miles City, Mont., I
heard of a German "granger" who worked a small farm in the Tongue River
Valley, and who once had a pair of cow buffaloes trained to the yoke.

Output:
It was said that they were strong, rapid walkers, and capable of
performing as much work as the best domestic oxen, but they were at
times so uncontrollably headstrong and obstinate as to greatly detract
from their usefulness.


Input:
It was said that they were strong, rapid walkers, and capable of
performing as much work as the best domestic oxen, but they were at
times so uncontrollably headstrong and obstinate as to greatly detract
from their usefulness.

Output:
The particular event of their career on which
their historian dwelt with special interest occurred when their owner
was hauling a load of potatoes to town with them.


Input:
The particular event of their career on which
their historian dwelt with special interest occurred when their owner
was hauling a load of potatoes to town with them.

Output:
In the course of the
long drive the buffaloes grew very thirsty, and upon coming within sight
of the water in the river they started for it in a straight course.


Input:
In the course of the
long drive the buffaloes grew very thirsty, and upon coming within sight
of the water in the river they started for it in a straight course.

Output:
The
shouts and blows of the driver only served to hasten their speed, and
presently, when they reached the edge of the high bank, they plunged
down it without the slightest hesitation, wagon, potatoes, and all, to
the loss of everything except themselves and the drink they went after!


Input:
The
shouts and blows of the driver only served to hasten their speed, and
presently, when they reached the edge of the high bank, they plunged
down it without the slightest hesitation, wagon, potatoes, and all, to
the loss of everything except themselves and the drink they went after!

Output:
Mr. Robert Wickliffe states that trained buffaloes make satisfactory
oxen.


Input:
Mr. Robert Wickliffe states that trained buffaloes make satisfactory
oxen.

Output:
"I have broken them to the yoke, and found them capable of making
excellent oxen; and for drawing wagons, carts, or other heavily laden
vehicles on long journeys they would, I think, be greatly preferable to
the common ox.


Input:
"I have broken them to the yoke, and found them capable of making
excellent oxen; and for drawing wagons, carts, or other heavily laden
vehicles on long journeys they would, I think, be greatly preferable to
the common ox.

Output:
"

It seems probable that, in the absence of horses, the buffalo would make
a much more speedy and enduring draught animal than the domestic ox,
although it is to be doubted whether he would be as strong.


Input:
"

It seems probable that, in the absence of horses, the buffalo would make
a much more speedy and enduring draught animal than the domestic ox,
although it is to be doubted whether he would be as strong.

Output:
His weaker
pelvis and hind quarters would surely count against him under certain
circumstances, but for some purposes his superior speed and endurance
would more than counterbalance that defect.


Input:
His weaker
pelvis and hind quarters would surely count against him under certain
circumstances, but for some purposes his superior speed and endurance
would more than counterbalance that defect.

Output:
BISON HERDS AND INDIVIDUALS IN CAPTIVITY AND DOMESTICATION, JANUARY 1,
1889.


Input:
BISON HERDS AND INDIVIDUALS IN CAPTIVITY AND DOMESTICATION, JANUARY 1,
1889.

Output: _


Output:
Herd of Mr. S. L. Bedson, Stony Mountain, Manitoba._--In 1877 Mr.
Bedson purchased 5 buffalo calves, 1 bull, and 4 heifers, for which he
paid $1,000.


Input:
Herd of Mr. S. L. Bedson, Stony Mountain, Manitoba._--In 1877 Mr.
Bedson purchased 5 buffalo calves, 1 bull, and 4 heifers, for which he
paid $1,000.

Output:
In 1888 his herd consisted of 23 full-blood bulls, 35 cows,
3 half-breed cows, 5 half-breed bulls, and 17 calves, mixed and
pure;[51] making a total of 83 head.


Input:
In 1888 his herd consisted of 23 full-blood bulls, 35 cows,
3 half-breed cows, 5 half-breed bulls, and 17 calves, mixed and
pure;[51] making a total of 83 head.

Output:
These were all produced from the
original 5, no purchases having been made, nor any additions made in any
other way.


Input:
These were all produced from the
original 5, no purchases having been made, nor any additions made in any
other way.

Output:
Besides the 83 head constituting the herd when it was sold, 5
were killed and 9 given away, which would otherwise make a total of 97
head produced since 1877.


Input:
Besides the 83 head constituting the herd when it was sold, 5
were killed and 9 given away, which would otherwise make a total of 97
head produced since 1877.

Output:
In November, 1888, this entire herd was
purchased, for $50,000, by Mr. C. J. Jones, and added to the already
large herd owned by that gentleman in Kansas.


Input:
In November, 1888, this entire herd was
purchased, for $50,000, by Mr. C. J. Jones, and added to the already
large herd owned by that gentleman in Kansas.

Output:
[Note 51: In summing up the total number of buffaloes and mixed-breeds
now alive in captivity, I have been obliged to strike an average on this
lot of calves "mixed and pure," and have counted twelve as being of pure
breed and five mixed, which I have reason to believe is very near the
truth.]


Input:
[Note 51: In summing up the total number of buffaloes and mixed-breeds
now alive in captivity, I have been obliged to strike an average on this
lot of calves "mixed and pure," and have counted twelve as being of pure
breed and five mixed, which I have reason to believe is very near the
truth.]

Output:
[Illustration: YOUNG HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) BULL.--HERD OF C. J.
JONES, GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.


Input:
[Illustration: YOUNG HALF-BREED (BUFFALO-DOMESTIC) BULL.--HERD OF C. J.
JONES, GARDEN CITY, KANSAS.

Output: Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]


Input: Drawn by Ernest E. Thompson.]

Output: _


Output: Herd of Mr. C. J. Jones, Garden City, Kans._--Mr.


Input: Herd of Mr. C. J. Jones, Garden City, Kans._--Mr.

Output:
Jones's original herd
of 57 buffaloes constitute a living testimonial to his individual
enterprise, and to his courage, endurance, and skill in the chase.


Input:
Jones's original herd
of 57 buffaloes constitute a living testimonial to his individual
enterprise, and to his courage, endurance, and skill in the chase.

Output:
The
majority of the individuals composing the herd he himself ran down,
lassoed, and tied with his own hands.


Input:
The
majority of the individuals composing the herd he himself ran down,
lassoed, and tied with his own hands.

Output:
For the last five years Mr. Jones
has made an annual trip, in June, to the uninhabited "panhandle" of
Texas, to capture calves out of the small herd of from one hundred to
two hundred head which represented the last remnant of the great
southern herd.


Input:
For the last five years Mr. Jones
has made an annual trip, in June, to the uninhabited "panhandle" of
Texas, to capture calves out of the small herd of from one hundred to
two hundred head which represented the last remnant of the great
southern herd.

Output:
Each of these expeditious involved a very considerable
outlay in money, an elaborate "outfit" of men, horses, vehicles, camp
equipage, and lastly, but most important of all, a herd of a dozen fresh
milch cows to nourish the captured calves and keep them from dying of
starvation and thirst.


Input:
Each of these expeditious involved a very considerable
outlay in money, an elaborate "outfit" of men, horses, vehicles, camp
equipage, and lastly, but most important of all, a herd of a dozen fresh
milch cows to nourish the captured calves and keep them from dying of
starvation and thirst.

Output:
The region visited was fearfully barren, almost
without water, and to penetrate it was always attended by great
hardship.


Input:
The region visited was fearfully barren, almost
without water, and to penetrate it was always attended by great
hardship.

Output:
The buffaloes were difficult to find, but the ground was good
for running, being chiefly level plains, and the superior speed of the
running horses always enabled the hunters to overtake a herd whenever
one was sighted, and to "cut out" and lasso two, three, or four of its
calves.


Input:
The buffaloes were difficult to find, but the ground was good
for running, being chiefly level plains, and the superior speed of the
running horses always enabled the hunters to overtake a herd whenever
one was sighted, and to "cut out" and lasso two, three, or four of its
calves.

Output:
The degree of skill and daring displayed in these several
expeditions are worthy of the highest admiration, and completely surpass
anything I have ever seen or read of being accomplished in connection
with hunting, or the capture of live game.


Input:
The degree of skill and daring displayed in these several
expeditions are worthy of the highest admiration, and completely surpass
anything I have ever seen or read of being accomplished in connection
with hunting, or the capture of live game.

Output:
The latest feat of Mr. Jones
and his party comes the nearest to being incredible.


Input:
The latest feat of Mr. Jones
and his party comes the nearest to being incredible.

Output:
During the month of
May, 1888, they not only captured seven calves, but also _eleven adult
cows_, of which some were lassoed in full career on the prairie, thrown,
tied, and hobbled!


Input:
During the month of
May, 1888, they not only captured seven calves, but also _eleven adult
cows_, of which some were lassoed in full career on the prairie, thrown,
tied, and hobbled!

Output:
The majority, however, were actually "rounded up,"
herded, and held in control until a bunch of tame buffaloes was driven
down to meet them, so that it would thus be possible to drive all
together to a ranch.


Input:
The majority, however, were actually "rounded up,"
herded, and held in control until a bunch of tame buffaloes was driven
down to meet them, so that it would thus be possible to drive all
together to a ranch.

Output:
This brilliant feat can only be appreciated as it
deserves by those who have lately hunted buffalo, and learned by dear
experience the extent of their wariness, and the difficulties, to say
nothing of the dangers, inseparably connected with their pursuit.


Input:
This brilliant feat can only be appreciated as it
deserves by those who have lately hunted buffalo, and learned by dear
experience the extent of their wariness, and the difficulties, to say
nothing of the dangers, inseparably connected with their pursuit.

Output:
The result of each of Mr. Jones's five expeditions is as follows: In
1884 no calves found; 1885, 11 calves captured, 5 died, 6 survived;
1886, 14 calves captured, 7 died, 7 survived; 1887, 36 calves captured,
6 died, 30 survived; 1888, 7 calves captured, all survived; 1888, 11 old
cows captured, all survived.


Input:
The result of each of Mr. Jones's five expeditions is as follows: In
1884 no calves found; 1885, 11 calves captured, 5 died, 6 survived;
1886, 14 calves captured, 7 died, 7 survived; 1887, 36 calves captured,
6 died, 30 survived; 1888, 7 calves captured, all survived; 1888, 11 old
cows captured, all survived.

Output:
Total, 79 captures, 18 losses, 57
survivors.


Input:
Total, 79 captures, 18 losses, 57
survivors.

Output:
The census of the herd is exactly as follows: Adult cows, 11; three-year
olds, 7, of which 2 are males and 5 females; two-year olds, 4, of which
all are males; yearling, 28, of which 15 are males and 13 females;
calves, 7, of which 3 are males and 4 females.


Input:
The census of the herd is exactly as follows: Adult cows, 11; three-year
olds, 7, of which 2 are males and 5 females; two-year olds, 4, of which
all are males; yearling, 28, of which 15 are males and 13 females;
calves, 7, of which 3 are males and 4 females.

Output:
Total herd, 57; 24 males
and 33 females.


Input:
Total herd, 57; 24 males
and 33 females.

Output:
To this, Mr. Jones's original herd, must now be added
the entire herd formerly owned by Mr. Bedson.


Input:
To this, Mr. Jones's original herd, must now be added
the entire herd formerly owned by Mr. Bedson.

Output:
Respecting his breeding operations Mr. Jones writes: "My oldest [bull]
buffaloes are now three years old, and I am breeding one hundred
domestic cows to them this year.


Input:
Respecting his breeding operations Mr. Jones writes: "My oldest [bull]
buffaloes are now three years old, and I am breeding one hundred
domestic cows to them this year.

Output:
Am breeding the Galloway cows quite
extensively; also some Shorthorns, Herefords, and Texas cows.


Input:
Am breeding the Galloway cows quite
extensively; also some Shorthorns, Herefords, and Texas cows.

Output:
I expect
best results from the Galloways.


Input:
I expect
best results from the Galloways.

Output:
If I can get the black luster of the
latter and the fur of a buffalo, I will have a robe that will bring more
money than we get for the average range steer.


Input:
If I can get the black luster of the
latter and the fur of a buffalo, I will have a robe that will bring more
money than we get for the average range steer.

Output:
"

In November, 1888, Mr. Jones purchased Mr. Bedson's entire herd, and in
the following mouth proceeded to ship a portion of it to Kansas City.


Input:
"

In November, 1888, Mr. Jones purchased Mr. Bedson's entire herd, and in
the following mouth proceeded to ship a portion of it to Kansas City.

Output:
Thirty-three head were separated from the remainder of the herd on the
prairie near Stony Mountain, 12 miles from Winnipeg, and driven to the
railroad.


Input:
Thirty-three head were separated from the remainder of the herd on the
prairie near Stony Mountain, 12 miles from Winnipeg, and driven to the
railroad.

Output:
Several old bulls broke away en route and ran back to the
herd, and when the remainder were finally corraled in the pens at the
stock-yards "they began to fight among themselves, and some fierce
encounters were waged between the old bulls.


Input:
Several old bulls broke away en route and ran back to the
herd, and when the remainder were finally corraled in the pens at the
stock-yards "they began to fight among themselves, and some fierce
encounters were waged between the old bulls.

Output:
The younger cattle were
raised on the horns of their seniors, thrown in the air, and otherwise
gored."


Input:
The younger cattle were
raised on the horns of their seniors, thrown in the air, and otherwise
gored."

Output:
While on the way to St. Paul three of the half-breed buffaloes
were killed by their companions.


Input:
While on the way to St. Paul three of the half-breed buffaloes
were killed by their companions.

Output:
On reaching Kansas City and unloading
the two cars, 13 head broke away from the large force of men that
attempted to manage them, stampeded through the city, and finally took
refuge in the low-lands along the river.


Input:
On reaching Kansas City and unloading
the two cars, 13 head broke away from the large force of men that
attempted to manage them, stampeded through the city, and finally took
refuge in the low-lands along the river.

Output:
In due time, however, all were
recaptured.


Input:
In due time, however, all were
recaptured.

Output:
Since the acquisition of this northern herd and the subsequent press
comment that it has evoked, Mr. Jones has been almost overwhelmed with
letters of inquiry in regard to the whole subject of buffalo breeding,
and has found it necessary to print and distribute a circular giving
answers to the many inquiries that have been made.


Input:
Since the acquisition of this northern herd and the subsequent press
comment that it has evoked, Mr. Jones has been almost overwhelmed with
letters of inquiry in regard to the whole subject of buffalo breeding,
and has found it necessary to print and distribute a circular giving
answers to the many inquiries that have been made.

Output:
_Herd of Mr. Charles Allard, Flathead Indian Reservation,
Montana._--This herd was visited in the autumn of 1888 by Mr. G. O.
Shields, of Chicago, who reports that it consists of thirty-five head of
pure-blood buffaloes, of which seven are calves of 1888, six are
yearlings, and six are two-year olds.


Input:
_Herd of Mr. Charles Allard, Flathead Indian Reservation,
Montana._--This herd was visited in the autumn of 1888 by Mr. G. O.
Shields, of Chicago, who reports that it consists of thirty-five head of
pure-blood buffaloes, of which seven are calves of 1888, six are
yearlings, and six are two-year olds.

Output:
Of the adult animals, four cows
and two bulls are each fourteen years old, "and the beards of the bulls
almost sweep the ground as they walk.


Input:
Of the adult animals, four cows
and two bulls are each fourteen years old, "and the beards of the bulls
almost sweep the ground as they walk.


Output: _Herd of Hon.


Input: _Herd of Hon.

Output:
W. F. Cody ("Buffalo Bill")._--The celebrated "Wild West
Show" has, ever since its organization, numbered amongst its leading
attractions a herd of live buffaloes of all ages.


Input:
W. F. Cody ("Buffalo Bill")._--The celebrated "Wild West
Show" has, ever since its organization, numbered amongst its leading
attractions a herd of live buffaloes of all ages.

Output:
At present this herd
contains eighteen head, of which fourteen were originally purchased of
Mr. H. T. Groome, of Wichita, Kansas, and have made a journey to London
and back.


Input:
At present this herd
contains eighteen head, of which fourteen were originally purchased of
Mr. H. T. Groome, of Wichita, Kansas, and have made a journey to London
and back.

Output:
As a proof of the indomitable persistence of the bison in
breeding under most unfavorable circumstances, the fact that four of the
members of this herd are calves which were born in 1888 in London, at
the American Exposition, is of considerable interest.


Input:
As a proof of the indomitable persistence of the bison in
breeding under most unfavorable circumstances, the fact that four of the
members of this herd are calves which were born in 1888 in London, at
the American Exposition, is of considerable interest.

Output:
This herd is now (December, 1888) being wintered on General Beale's
farm, near the city of Washington.


Input:
This herd is now (December, 1888) being wintered on General Beale's
farm, near the city of Washington.

Output:
In 1886-'87, while the Wild West Show
was at Madison Square Garden, New York City, its entire herd of twenty
buffaloes was carried off by pleuro-pneumonia.


Input:
In 1886-'87, while the Wild West Show
was at Madison Square Garden, New York City, its entire herd of twenty
buffaloes was carried off by pleuro-pneumonia.

Output:
It is to be greatly
feared that sooner or later in the course of its travels the present
herd will also disappear, either through disease or accident.


Input:
It is to be greatly
feared that sooner or later in the course of its travels the present
herd will also disappear, either through disease or accident.

Output: _


Output: Herd of Mr. Charles Goodnight, Clarendon, Texas._--Mr.


Input: Herd of Mr. Charles Goodnight, Clarendon, Texas._--Mr.

Output:
Goodnight writes
that he has "been breeding buffaloes in a small way for the past ten
years," but without giving any particular attention to it.


Input:
Goodnight writes
that he has "been breeding buffaloes in a small way for the past ten
years," but without giving any particular attention to it.

Output:
At present
his herd consists of thirteen head, of which two are three-year old
bulls and four are calves.


Input:
At present
his herd consists of thirteen head, of which two are three-year old
bulls and four are calves.

Output:
There are seven cows of all ages, one of
which is a half-breed.


Input:
There are seven cows of all ages, one of
which is a half-breed.

Output: _


Output:
Herd at the Zoological Society's Gardens, Philadelphia, Arthur E.
Brown, superintendent._--This institution is the fortunate possessor of
a small herd of ten buffaloes, of which four are males and six females.


Input:
Herd at the Zoological Society's Gardens, Philadelphia, Arthur E.
Brown, superintendent._--This institution is the fortunate possessor of
a small herd of ten buffaloes, of which four are males and six females.

Output: Two are calves of 1877.


Input: Two are calves of 1877.

Output:
In 1886 the Gardens sold an adult bull and cow
to Hon.


Input:
In 1886 the Gardens sold an adult bull and cow
to Hon.

Output: W. F. Cody for $300.


Input: W. F. Cody for $300.

Output: _


Output:
Herd at Bismarck Grove, Kansas, owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fé Railroad Company._--A small herd of buffaloes has for several years
past been kept at Bismarck Grove as an attraction to visitors.


Input:
Herd at Bismarck Grove, Kansas, owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fé Railroad Company._--A small herd of buffaloes has for several years
past been kept at Bismarck Grove as an attraction to visitors.

Output:
At
present it contains ten head, one of which is a very large bull, another
in a four-year-old bull, six are cows of various ages, and two are
two-year olds.


Input:
At
present it contains ten head, one of which is a very large bull, another
in a four-year-old bull, six are cows of various ages, and two are
two-year olds.

Output:
In 1885 a large bull belonging to this herd grew so
vicious and dangerous that it was necessary to kill him.


Input:
In 1885 a large bull belonging to this herd grew so
vicious and dangerous that it was necessary to kill him.

Output:
The following interesting account of this herd was published in the
Kansas City Times of December 8, 1888:


Input:
The following interesting account of this herd was published in the
Kansas City Times of December 8, 1888:

Output:
"Thirteen years ago Colonel Stanton purchased a buffalo bull calf for $8
and two heifers for $25.


Input:
"Thirteen years ago Colonel Stanton purchased a buffalo bull calf for $8
and two heifers for $25.

Output:
The descendants of these three buffaloes now
found at Bismarck Grove, where all were born, number in all ten.


Input:
The descendants of these three buffaloes now
found at Bismarck Grove, where all were born, number in all ten.

Output:
There
were seventeen, but the rest have died, with the exception of one, which
was given away.


Input:
There
were seventeen, but the rest have died, with the exception of one, which
was given away.

Output:
They are kept in an inclosure containing about 30 acres
immediately adjoining the park, and there may be seen at any time.


Input:
They are kept in an inclosure containing about 30 acres
immediately adjoining the park, and there may be seen at any time.

Output:
The
sight is one well worth a trip and the slight expense that may attach to
it, especially to one who has never seen the American bison in his
native state.


Input:
The
sight is one well worth a trip and the slight expense that may attach to
it, especially to one who has never seen the American bison in his
native state.

Output:
"The present herd includes two fine bull calves dropped last spring, two
heifers, five cows, and a bull six years old and as handsome as a
picture.


Input:
"The present herd includes two fine bull calves dropped last spring, two
heifers, five cows, and a bull six years old and as handsome as a
picture.

Output:
The latter has been named Cleveland, after the colonel's
favorite Presidential candidate.


Input:
The latter has been named Cleveland, after the colonel's
favorite Presidential candidate.

Output:
The entire herd is in as fine condition
as any beef cattle, though they were never fed anything but hay and are
never given any shelter.


Input:
The entire herd is in as fine condition
as any beef cattle, though they were never fed anything but hay and are
never given any shelter.

Output:
In fact they don't take kindly to shelter, and
whether a blizzard is blowing, with the mercury 20 degrees below zero,
or the sun pouring down his scorching rays, with the thermometer 110
degrees above, they set their heads resolutely toward storm or sun and
take their medicine as if they liked it.


Input:
In fact they don't take kindly to shelter, and
whether a blizzard is blowing, with the mercury 20 degrees below zero,
or the sun pouring down his scorching rays, with the thermometer 110
degrees above, they set their heads resolutely toward storm or sun and
take their medicine as if they liked it.

Output: Hon.


Input: Hon.

Output:
W. F. Cody, "Buffalo
Bill," tried to buy the whole herd two years ago to take to Europe with
his Wild West Show, but they were not for sale at his own figures, and,
indeed, there is no anxiety to dispose of them at any figures.


Input:
W. F. Cody, "Buffalo
Bill," tried to buy the whole herd two years ago to take to Europe with
his Wild West Show, but they were not for sale at his own figures, and,
indeed, there is no anxiety to dispose of them at any figures.

Output:
The
railroad company has been glad to furnish them pasturage for the sake of
adding to the attractions of the park, in which there are also
forty-three head of deer, including two as fine bucks as ever trotted
over the national deer trail toward the salt-licks in northern Utah.


Input:
The
railroad company has been glad to furnish them pasturage for the sake of
adding to the attractions of the park, in which there are also
forty-three head of deer, including two as fine bucks as ever trotted
over the national deer trail toward the salt-licks in northern Utah.

Output:
"While the bison at Bismark Grove are splendid specimens of their class,
"Cleveland" is decidedly the pride of the herd, and as grand a creature
as ever trod the soil of Kansas on four legs.


Input:
"While the bison at Bismark Grove are splendid specimens of their class,
"Cleveland" is decidedly the pride of the herd, and as grand a creature
as ever trod the soil of Kansas on four legs.

Output:
He is just six years old
and is a perfect specimen of the kings of the plains.


Input:
He is just six years old
and is a perfect specimen of the kings of the plains.

Output:
There is royal
blood in his veins, and his coat is finer than the imperial purple.


Input:
There is royal
blood in his veins, and his coat is finer than the imperial purple.

Output:
It
is not possible to get at him to measure his stature and weight.


Input:
It
is not possible to get at him to measure his stature and weight.

Output:
He must
weigh fully 3,000 pounds, and it is doubtful if there is to-day living
on the face of the earth a handsomer buffalo bull than he.


Input:
He must
weigh fully 3,000 pounds, and it is doubtful if there is to-day living
on the face of the earth a handsomer buffalo bull than he.

Output:
"Cleveland's"
disposition is not so ugly as old Barney's was, but at certain seasons
he is very wild, and there is no one venturesome enough to go into the
inclosure.


Input:
"Cleveland's"
disposition is not so ugly as old Barney's was, but at certain seasons
he is very wild, and there is no one venturesome enough to go into the
inclosure.

Output:
It is then not altogether safe to even look over the high and
heavy board fence at him, for he is likely to make a run for the
visitor, as the numerous holes in the fence where he has knocked off the
boards will testify.


Input:
It is then not altogether safe to even look over the high and
heavy board fence at him, for he is likely to make a run for the
visitor, as the numerous holes in the fence where he has knocked off the
boards will testify.


Output:
_Herd of Mr. Frederick Dupree, Cheyenne Indian Agency, near Fort
Bennett, Dakota._--This herd contains at present nine pure-blood
buffaloes, five of which are cows and seven mixed bloods.


Input:
_Herd of Mr. Frederick Dupree, Cheyenne Indian Agency, near Fort
Bennett, Dakota._--This herd contains at present nine pure-blood
buffaloes, five of which are cows and seven mixed bloods.

Output:
Of the former,
there are two adult bulls and four adult cows.


Input:
Of the former,
there are two adult bulls and four adult cows.

Output:
Of the mixed blood
animals, six are half-breeds and one a quarter-breed buffalo.


Input:
Of the mixed blood
animals, six are half-breeds and one a quarter-breed buffalo.

Output:
Mr. Dupree obtained the nucleus of his herd in 1882, at which time he
captured five wild calves about 100 miles west of Fort Bennett.


Input:
Mr. Dupree obtained the nucleus of his herd in 1882, at which time he
captured five wild calves about 100 miles west of Fort Bennett.

Output:
Of
these, two died after two months of captivity and a third was killed by
an Indian in 1885.


Input:
Of
these, two died after two months of captivity and a third was killed by
an Indian in 1885.

Output:
Mr. D. F. Carlin, of the Indian service, at Fort Bennett, has kindly
furnished me the following information respecting this herd, under date
of November 1, 1888:


Input:
Mr. D. F. Carlin, of the Indian service, at Fort Bennett, has kindly
furnished me the following information respecting this herd, under date
of November 1, 1888:

Output:
"The animals composing this herd are all in fine condition and are quite
tame.


Input:
"The animals composing this herd are all in fine condition and are quite
tame.

Output:
They keep by themselves most of the time, except the oldest bull
(six years old), who seems to appreciate the company of domestic cattle
more than that of his own family.


Input:
They keep by themselves most of the time, except the oldest bull
(six years old), who seems to appreciate the company of domestic cattle
more than that of his own family.

Output:
Mr. Dupree has kept one half-breed
bull as an experiment; he thinks it will produce a hardy class of
cattle.


Input:
Mr. Dupree has kept one half-breed
bull as an experiment; he thinks it will produce a hardy class of
cattle.

Output:
His half-breeds are all black, with one exception, and that is a
roan; but they are all built like the buffalo, and when young they grunt
more like a hog than like a calf, the same as a full-blood buffalo.


Input:
His half-breeds are all black, with one exception, and that is a
roan; but they are all built like the buffalo, and when young they grunt
more like a hog than like a calf, the same as a full-blood buffalo.

Output:
"Mr. Dupree has never lost a [domestic] cow in giving birth to a
half-breed calf, as was supposed by many people would be the case.


Input:
"Mr. Dupree has never lost a [domestic] cow in giving birth to a
half-breed calf, as was supposed by many people would be the case.

Output:
There
have been no sales from this herd, although the owner has a standing
offer of $650 for a cow and bull.


Input:
There
have been no sales from this herd, although the owner has a standing
offer of $650 for a cow and bull.

Output:
The cows are not for sale at any
price.


Input:
The cows are not for sale at any
price.


Output:
_Herd at Lincoln Park, Chicago, Mr. W. P. Walker, superintendent._--This
very interesting and handsomely-kept herd is composed of seven
individuals of the following character:


Input:
_Herd at Lincoln Park, Chicago, Mr. W. P. Walker, superintendent._--This
very interesting and handsomely-kept herd is composed of seven
individuals of the following character:

Output:
One bull eight years old, one
bull four years old, two cows eight years old, two cows two years old in
the spring of 1888, and one female calf born in the spring of 1888.


Input:
One bull eight years old, one
bull four years old, two cows eight years old, two cows two years old in
the spring of 1888, and one female calf born in the spring of 1888.

Output:
_Zoological Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio._--This collection contains four
bison, an adult bull and cow, and one immature specimen.


Input:
_Zoological Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio._--This collection contains four
bison, an adult bull and cow, and one immature specimen.

Output:
_Dr. V. T. McGillicuddy, Rapid City, Dakota_, has a herd of four pure
buffaloes and one half-breed.


Input:
_Dr. V. T. McGillicuddy, Rapid City, Dakota_, has a herd of four pure
buffaloes and one half-breed.

Output:
Of the former, the two adults, a bull and
cow seven years old, were caught by Sioux Indians near the Black Hills
for the owner in the spring of 1882.


Input:
Of the former, the two adults, a bull and
cow seven years old, were caught by Sioux Indians near the Black Hills
for the owner in the spring of 1882.

Output:
The Indians drove two milch cows to
the range to nourish the calves when caught.


Input:
The Indians drove two milch cows to
the range to nourish the calves when caught.

Output:
These have produced two
calves, one of which, a bull, is now three years old, and the other is a
yearling heifer.


Input:
These have produced two
calves, one of which, a bull, is now three years old, and the other is a
yearling heifer.

Output:
_Central Park Menagerie, New York, Dr. W. A. Conklin, director._--This
much-visited collection contains four bison, an adult bull and cow, a
two-year-old calf, and a yearling.


Input:
_Central Park Menagerie, New York, Dr. W. A. Conklin, director._--This
much-visited collection contains four bison, an adult bull and cow, a
two-year-old calf, and a yearling.

Output: _


Output:
Mr. John H. Starin, Glen Inland, near New York City._--There are four
buffaloes at this summer resort.


Input:
Mr. John H. Starin, Glen Inland, near New York City._--There are four
buffaloes at this summer resort.

Output: _


Output:
The U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia._--The
collection of the department of living animals at this institution
contains two fine young buffaloes; a bull four years old in July, 1888,
and a cow three years old in May of the same year.


Input:
The U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia._--The
collection of the department of living animals at this institution
contains two fine young buffaloes; a bull four years old in July, 1888,
and a cow three years old in May of the same year.

Output:
These animals were
captured in western Nebraska, when they were calves, by H. R. Jackett,
of Ogalalla, and kept by him on his ranch until 1885.


Input:
These animals were
captured in western Nebraska, when they were calves, by H. R. Jackett,
of Ogalalla, and kept by him on his ranch until 1885.

Output:
In April, 1888,
Hon.