Input:
The beard has greatly lengthened, as also has the hair upon
the bridge of the nose, the forehead, ears, jaws, and all other portions
of the head except the cheeks.

Output: The "spike" period of a buffalo is a most interesting one.


Input: The "spike" period of a buffalo is a most interesting one.

Output:
Like a
seventeen-year-old boy, the young bull shows his youth in so many ways
it is always conspicuous, and his countenance is so suggestive of a
half-bearded youth it fixes the interest to a marked degree.


Input:
Like a
seventeen-year-old boy, the young bull shows his youth in so many ways
it is always conspicuous, and his countenance is so suggestive of a
half-bearded youth it fixes the interest to a marked degree.

Output:
He is
active, alert, and suspicious, and when he makes up his mind to run the
hunter may as well give up the chase.


Input:
He is
active, alert, and suspicious, and when he makes up his mind to run the
hunter may as well give up the chase.

Output:
By a strange fatality, our spike bull appears to be the only one in any
museum, or even in preserved existence, as far as can be ascertained.


Input:
By a strange fatality, our spike bull appears to be the only one in any
museum, or even in preserved existence, as far as can be ascertained.

Output:
Out of the twenty-five buffaloes killed and preserved by the Smithsonian
expedition, ten of which were adult bulls, this specimen was the only
male between the yearling and the adult ages.


Input:
Out of the twenty-five buffaloes killed and preserved by the Smithsonian
expedition, ten of which were adult bulls, this specimen was the only
male between the yearling and the adult ages.

Output:
An effort to procure
another entire specimen of this age from Texas yielded only two spike
heads.


Input:
An effort to procure
another entire specimen of this age from Texas yielded only two spike
heads.

Output:
It is to be sincerely regretted that more specimens representing
this very interesting period of the buffalo's life have not been
preserved, for it is now too late to procure wild specimens.


Input:
It is to be sincerely regretted that more specimens representing
this very interesting period of the buffalo's life have not been
preserved, for it is now too late to procure wild specimens.

Output:
The following are the post-mortem dimensions of our specimen:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                        BISON AMERICANUS.


Input:
The following are the post-mortem dimensions of our specimen:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                        BISON AMERICANUS.


Output:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|("Spike" bull, two years old; taken October 14, 1886.


Input:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|("Spike" bull, two years old; taken October 14, 1886.

Output:
Montana.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|          (_No. 15685, National Museum collection._)


Input:
Montana.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|          (_No. 15685, National Museum collection._)


Output:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                           | Feet.| Inches.


Input:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                           | Feet.| Inches.

Output:
|
|Height at shoulders                        |   4  |    2       |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail |   7  |    7       |
|Depth of chest                             |   2  |    3       |
|Depth of flank                             |   1  |    7       |
|Girth behind fore leg                      |   6  |    8       |
|From base of horns around end of nose      |   2  |    81/2      |
|Length of tail vertebræ                    |   1  |


Input:
|
|Height at shoulders                        |   4  |    2       |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail |   7  |    7       |
|Depth of chest                             |   2  |    3       |
|Depth of flank                             |   1  |    7       |
|Girth behind fore leg                      |   6  |    8       |
|From base of horns around end of nose      |   2  |    81/2      |
|Length of tail vertebræ                    |   1  |

Output:
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

7. _


Input:
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

7. _

Output:
The Adult Bull._--In attempting to describe the adult male in the
National Museum group, it is difficult to decide which feature is most
prominent, the massive, magnificent head, with its shaggy frontlet and
luxuriant black beard, or the lofty hump, with its showy covering of
straw-yellow hair, in thickly-growing locks 4 inches long.


Input:
The Adult Bull._--In attempting to describe the adult male in the
National Museum group, it is difficult to decide which feature is most
prominent, the massive, magnificent head, with its shaggy frontlet and
luxuriant black beard, or the lofty hump, with its showy covering of
straw-yellow hair, in thickly-growing locks 4 inches long.

Output:
But the head
is irresistible in its claims to precedence.


Input:
But the head
is irresistible in its claims to precedence.

Output: [Illustration: SPIKE BULL.


Input: [Illustration: SPIKE BULL.

Output:
From the group in the National Museum.
Reproduced from the _Cosmopolitan Magazine_, by permission of the
publishers.


Input:
From the group in the National Museum.
Reproduced from the _Cosmopolitan Magazine_, by permission of the
publishers.


Output:
It must be observed at this point that in many respects this animal is
an exceptionally fine one.


Input:
It must be observed at this point that in many respects this animal is
an exceptionally fine one.

Output:
In actual size of frame, and in quantity and
quality of pelage, it is far superior to the average, even of wild
buffaloes when they were most numerous and at their best.[30] In one
respect, however, that of actual bulk, it is believed that this specimen
may have often been surpassed.


Input:
In actual size of frame, and in quantity and
quality of pelage, it is far superior to the average, even of wild
buffaloes when they were most numerous and at their best.[30] In one
respect, however, that of actual bulk, it is believed that this specimen
may have often been surpassed.

Output:
When buffaloes were numerous, and not
required to do any great amount of running in order to exist, they were,
in the autumn months, very fat.


Input:
When buffaloes were numerous, and not
required to do any great amount of running in order to exist, they were,
in the autumn months, very fat.

Output:
Audubon says: "A large bison bull will
generally weigh nearly 2,000 pounds, and a fat cow about 1,200 pounds.


Input:
Audubon says: "A large bison bull will
generally weigh nearly 2,000 pounds, and a fat cow about 1,200 pounds.

Output:
We weighed one of the bulls killed by our party, and found it to reach
1,727 pounds, although it had already lost a good deal of blood.


Input:
We weighed one of the bulls killed by our party, and found it to reach
1,727 pounds, although it had already lost a good deal of blood.

Output:
This
was an old bull, and not fat.


Input:
This
was an old bull, and not fat.

Output:
It had probably weighed more at some
previous period.


Input:
It had probably weighed more at some
previous period.

Output: "[31]


Output:
Our specimen when killed (by the writer, December
6, 1886) was in full vigor, superbly muscled, and well fed, but he
carried not a single pound of fat.


Input:
Our specimen when killed (by the writer, December
6, 1886) was in full vigor, superbly muscled, and well fed, but he
carried not a single pound of fat.

Output:
For years the never-ceasing race for
life had utterly prevented the secretion of useless and cumbersome fat,
and his "subsistence" had gone toward the development of useful muscle.


Input:
For years the never-ceasing race for
life had utterly prevented the secretion of useless and cumbersome fat,
and his "subsistence" had gone toward the development of useful muscle.

Output:
Having no means by which to weigh him, we could only estimate his
weight, in which I called for the advice of my cowboys, all of whom were
more or less familiar with the weight of range cattle, and one I
regarded as an expert.


Input:
Having no means by which to weigh him, we could only estimate his
weight, in which I called for the advice of my cowboys, all of whom were
more or less familiar with the weight of range cattle, and one I
regarded as an expert.

Output:
At first the estimated weight of the animal was
fixed at 1,700 pounds, but with a constitutional fear of estimating over
the truth, I afterward reduced it to 1,600 pounds.


Input:
At first the estimated weight of the animal was
fixed at 1,700 pounds, but with a constitutional fear of estimating over
the truth, I afterward reduced it to 1,600 pounds.

Output:
This I am now well
convinced was an error, for I believe the first figure to have been
nearer the truth.


Input:
This I am now well
convinced was an error, for I believe the first figure to have been
nearer the truth.

Output:
[Note 30: In testimony whereof the following extract from a letter
written by General Stewart Van Vliet, on March 10, 1897, to Professor
Baird, is of interest:

"MY DEAR PROFESSOR:


Input:
[Note 30: In testimony whereof the following extract from a letter
written by General Stewart Van Vliet, on March 10, 1897, to Professor
Baird, is of interest:

"MY DEAR PROFESSOR:

Output:
On the receipt of your letter of the 6th instant I
saw General Sheridan, and yesterday we called on your taxidermist and
examined the buffalo bull he is setting up for the Museum.


Input:
On the receipt of your letter of the 6th instant I
saw General Sheridan, and yesterday we called on your taxidermist and
examined the buffalo bull he is setting up for the Museum.

Output:
I don't think
I have ever seen a more splendid specimen in my life.


Input:
I don't think
I have ever seen a more splendid specimen in my life.

Output:
General Sheridan
and I have seen millions of buffalo on the plains in former times.


Input:
General Sheridan
and I have seen millions of buffalo on the plains in former times.

Output:
I
have killed hundreds, but I never killed a larger animal than the one in
the possession of your taxidermist.


Input:
I
have killed hundreds, but I never killed a larger animal than the one in
the possession of your taxidermist.


Output: [Note 31: Quadrupeds of North America, vol.


Input: [Note 31: Quadrupeds of North America, vol.

Output: II, p. 44.]


Input: II, p. 44.]

Output:
In mounting the skin of this animal, we endeavored by every means in our
power, foremost of which were three different sets of measurements,
taken from the dead animal, one set to check another, to reproduce him
when mounted in exactly the same form he possessed in life--muscular,
but not fat.


Input:
In mounting the skin of this animal, we endeavored by every means in our
power, foremost of which were three different sets of measurements,
taken from the dead animal, one set to check another, to reproduce him
when mounted in exactly the same form he possessed in life--muscular,
but not fat.

Output:
The color of the body and hindquarters of a buffalo is very peculiar,
and almost baffles intelligent description.


Input:
The color of the body and hindquarters of a buffalo is very peculiar,
and almost baffles intelligent description.

Output:
Audubon calls it "between a
dark umber and liver-shining brown."


Input:
Audubon calls it "between a
dark umber and liver-shining brown."

Output:
I once saw a competent artist
experiment with his oil-colors for a quarter of an hour before he
finally struck the combination which exactly matched the side of our
large bull.


Input:
I once saw a competent artist
experiment with his oil-colors for a quarter of an hour before he
finally struck the combination which exactly matched the side of our
large bull.

Output: To my eyes, the color is a pale gray-brown or smoky gray.


Input: To my eyes, the color is a pale gray-brown or smoky gray.

Output:
The range of individual variation is considerable, some being uniformly
darker than the average type, and others lighter.


Input:
The range of individual variation is considerable, some being uniformly
darker than the average type, and others lighter.

Output:
While the under parts
of most adults are dark brown or blackish brown, others are actually
black.


Input:
While the under parts
of most adults are dark brown or blackish brown, others are actually
black.

Output:
The hair on the body and hinder parts is fine, wavy on the
outside, and woolly underneath, and very dense.


Input:
The hair on the body and hinder parts is fine, wavy on the
outside, and woolly underneath, and very dense.

Output:
Add to this the
thickness of the skin itself, and the combination forms a covering that
is almost impervious to cold.


Input:
Add to this the
thickness of the skin itself, and the combination forms a covering that
is almost impervious to cold.

Output:
The entire fore quarter region, _e. g._, the shoulders, the hump, and
the upper part of the neck, is covered with a luxuriant growth of pale
yellow hair (Naples yellow + yellow ocher), which stands straight out in
a dense mass, disposed in handsome tufts.


Input:
The entire fore quarter region, _e. g._, the shoulders, the hump, and
the upper part of the neck, is covered with a luxuriant growth of pale
yellow hair (Naples yellow + yellow ocher), which stands straight out in
a dense mass, disposed in handsome tufts.

Output:
The hair is somewhat woolly in
its nature, and the ends are as even as if the whole mass had lately
been gone over with shears and carefully clipped.


Input:
The hair is somewhat woolly in
its nature, and the ends are as even as if the whole mass had lately
been gone over with shears and carefully clipped.

Output:
This hair is 4 inches
in length.


Input:
This hair is 4 inches
in length.

Output:
As the living animal moved his head from side to side, the
hair parted in great vertical furrows, so deep that the skin itself
seemed almost in sight.


Input:
As the living animal moved his head from side to side, the
hair parted in great vertical furrows, so deep that the skin itself
seemed almost in sight.

Output:
As before remarked, to comb this hair would
utterly destroy its naturalness, and it should never be done under any
circumstances.


Input:
As before remarked, to comb this hair would
utterly destroy its naturalness, and it should never be done under any
circumstances.

Output:
Standing as it does between the darker hair of the body
on one side and the almost black mass of the head on the other, this
light area is rendered doubly striking and conspicuous by contrast.


Input:
Standing as it does between the darker hair of the body
on one side and the almost black mass of the head on the other, this
light area is rendered doubly striking and conspicuous by contrast.

Output:
It
not only covers the shoulders, but extends back upon the thorax, where
it abruptly terminates on a line corresponding to the sixth rib.


Input:
It
not only covers the shoulders, but extends back upon the thorax, where
it abruptly terminates on a line corresponding to the sixth rib.

Output:
From the shoulder-joint downward, the color shades gradually into a dark
brown until at the knee it becomes quite black.


Input:
From the shoulder-joint downward, the color shades gradually into a dark
brown until at the knee it becomes quite black.

Output:
The huge fore-arm is
lost in a thick mass of long, coarse, and rather straight hair 10 inches
in length.


Input:
The huge fore-arm is
lost in a thick mass of long, coarse, and rather straight hair 10 inches
in length.

Output:
This growth stops abruptly at the knee, but it hangs within 6
inches of the hoof.


Input:
This growth stops abruptly at the knee, but it hangs within 6
inches of the hoof.

Output:
The front side of this mass is blackish brown, but
it rapidly shades backward and downward into jet-black.


Input:
The front side of this mass is blackish brown, but
it rapidly shades backward and downward into jet-black.

Output:
The hair on the top of the head lies in a dense, matted mass, forming a
perfect crown of rich brown (burnt sienna) locks, 16 inches in length,
hanging over the eyes, almost enveloping both horns, and spreading back
in rich, dark masses upon the light-colored neck.


Input:
The hair on the top of the head lies in a dense, matted mass, forming a
perfect crown of rich brown (burnt sienna) locks, 16 inches in length,
hanging over the eyes, almost enveloping both horns, and spreading back
in rich, dark masses upon the light-colored neck.

Output:
On the cheeks the hair is of the same blackish brown color, but
comparatively short, and lies in beautiful waves.


Input:
On the cheeks the hair is of the same blackish brown color, but
comparatively short, and lies in beautiful waves.

Output:
On the bridge of the
nose the hair is about 6 inches in length and stands out in a thick,
uniform, very curly mass, which always looks as if it had just been
carefully combed.


Input:
On the bridge of the
nose the hair is about 6 inches in length and stands out in a thick,
uniform, very curly mass, which always looks as if it had just been
carefully combed.

Output:
Immediately around the nose and mouth the hair is very short, straight
and stiff, and lies close to the skin, which leaves the nostrils and
lips fully exposed.


Input:
Immediately around the nose and mouth the hair is very short, straight
and stiff, and lies close to the skin, which leaves the nostrils and
lips fully exposed.

Output:
The front part of the chin is similarly clad, and
its form is perfectly flat, due to the habit of the animal in feeding
upon the short, crisp buffalo grass, in the course of which the chin is
pressed flat against the ground.


Input:
The front part of the chin is similarly clad, and
its form is perfectly flat, due to the habit of the animal in feeding
upon the short, crisp buffalo grass, in the course of which the chin is
pressed flat against the ground.

Output:
The end of the muzzle is very massive,
measuring 2 feet 2 inches in circumference just back of the nostrils.


Input:
The end of the muzzle is very massive,
measuring 2 feet 2 inches in circumference just back of the nostrils.

Output:
The hair of the chin-beard is coarse, perfectly straight, jet black, and
111/2 inches in length on our old bull.


Input:
The hair of the chin-beard is coarse, perfectly straight, jet black, and
111/2 inches in length on our old bull.

Output: Occasionally a bull is met with who is a genuine Esau amongst his kind.


Input: Occasionally a bull is met with who is a genuine Esau amongst his kind.

Output:
I once saw a bull, of medium size but fully adult, whose hair was a
wonder to behold.


Input:
I once saw a bull, of medium size but fully adult, whose hair was a
wonder to behold.

Output:
I have now in my possession a small lock of hair which
I plucked from his forehead, and its length is 221/2 inches.


Input:
I have now in my possession a small lock of hair which
I plucked from his forehead, and its length is 221/2 inches.

Output:
His horns
were entirely concealed by the immense mass of long hair that nature had
piled upon his head, and his beard was as luxuriant as his frontlet.


Input:
His horns
were entirely concealed by the immense mass of long hair that nature had
piled upon his head, and his beard was as luxuriant as his frontlet.

Output: [Illustration: BULL BUFFALO IN NATIONAL MUSEUM GROUP.


Input: [Illustration: BULL BUFFALO IN NATIONAL MUSEUM GROUP.

Output:
Drawn by Ernest E.
Thompson.]


Input:
Drawn by Ernest E.
Thompson.]

Output: The nostril opening is large and wide.


Input: The nostril opening is large and wide.

Output:
The color of the hairless
portions of the nose and mouth is shiny Vandyke brown and black, with a
strong tinge of bluish-purple, but this latter tint is not noticeable
save upon close examination, and the eyelid is the same.


Input:
The color of the hairless
portions of the nose and mouth is shiny Vandyke brown and black, with a
strong tinge of bluish-purple, but this latter tint is not noticeable
save upon close examination, and the eyelid is the same.

Output:
The iris is of
an irregular pear-shaped outline, 1-5/16 inches in its longest diameter,
very dark, reddish brown in color, with a black edging all around it.


Input:
The iris is of
an irregular pear-shaped outline, 1-5/16 inches in its longest diameter,
very dark, reddish brown in color, with a black edging all around it.

Output:
Ordinarily no portion of the white eyeball is visible, but the broad
black band surrounding the iris, and a corner patch of white, is
frequently shown by the turning of the eye.


Input:
Ordinarily no portion of the white eyeball is visible, but the broad
black band surrounding the iris, and a corner patch of white, is
frequently shown by the turning of the eye.

Output:
The tongue is bluish purple,
as are the lips inside.


Input:
The tongue is bluish purple,
as are the lips inside.

Output:
The hoofs and horns are, in reality, jet black throughout, but the horn
often has at the base a scaly, dead appearance on the outside, and as
the wrinkles around the base increase with age and scale up and gather
dirt, that part looks gray.


Input:
The hoofs and horns are, in reality, jet black throughout, but the horn
often has at the base a scaly, dead appearance on the outside, and as
the wrinkles around the base increase with age and scale up and gather
dirt, that part looks gray.

Output:
The horns of bulls taken in their prime are
smooth, glossy black, and even look as if they had been half polished
with oil.


Input:
The horns of bulls taken in their prime are
smooth, glossy black, and even look as if they had been half polished
with oil.

Output:
As the bull increases in age, the outer layers of the horn begin to
break off at the tip and pile up one upon another, until the horn has
become a thick, blunt stub, with only the tip of what was once a neat
and shapely point showing at the end.


Input:
As the bull increases in age, the outer layers of the horn begin to
break off at the tip and pile up one upon another, until the horn has
become a thick, blunt stub, with only the tip of what was once a neat
and shapely point showing at the end.

Output:
The bull is then known as a
"stub-horn," and his horns increase in roughness and unsightliness as he
grows older.


Input:
The bull is then known as a
"stub-horn," and his horns increase in roughness and unsightliness as he
grows older.

Output:
From long rubbing on the earth, the outer curve of each
horn is gradually worn flat, which still further mars its symmetry.


Input:
From long rubbing on the earth, the outer curve of each
horn is gradually worn flat, which still further mars its symmetry.

Output: The horns serve as a fair index of the age of a bison.


Input: The horns serve as a fair index of the age of a bison.

Output:
After he is three
years old, the bison adds each year a ring around the base of his horns,
the same as domestic cattle.


Input:
After he is three
years old, the bison adds each year a ring around the base of his horns,
the same as domestic cattle.

Output:
If we may judge by this, the horn begins to
break when the bison is about ten or eleven years old, and the stubbing
process gradually continues during the rest of his life.


Input:
If we may judge by this, the horn begins to
break when the bison is about ten or eleven years old, and the stubbing
process gradually continues during the rest of his life.

Output:
Judging by the
teeth, and also the oldest horns I have seen, I am of the opinion that
the natural life time of the bison is about twenty-five years; certainly
no less.


Input:
Judging by the
teeth, and also the oldest horns I have seen, I am of the opinion that
the natural life time of the bison is about twenty-five years; certainly
no less.

Output:
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|                   BISON AMERICANUS.


Input:
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|                   BISON AMERICANUS.

Output:
|
|                (Male, eleven years old.


Input:
|
|                (Male, eleven years old.

Output:
|
|           Taken December 6, 1866.


Input:
|
|           Taken December 6, 1866.

Output: Montana.)


Input: Montana.)

Output:
|
|       (_No. 15703, National Museum collection._)


Input:
|
|       (_No. 15703, National Museum collection._)


Output:
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          |Feet.|Inches.|
|Height at shoulders to the skin           |  5  |   8   |
|Height at shoulders to top of hair        |  6  |  --   |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail| 10  |   2   |
|Depth of chest                            |  3  |  10   |
|Depth of flank                            |  2  |   0   |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |  8  |   4   |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |  3  |   6   |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |  1  |   3   |
|Circumference of muzzle back of nostrils  |  2  |   2   |


Input:
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          |Feet.|Inches.|
|Height at shoulders to the skin           |  5  |   8   |
|Height at shoulders to top of hair        |  6  |  --   |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail| 10  |   2   |
|Depth of chest                            |  3  |  10   |
|Depth of flank                            |  2  |   0   |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |  8  |   4   |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |  3  |   6   |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |  1  |   3   |
|Circumference of muzzle back of nostrils  |  2  |   2   |

Output:
+--------------------------------------------------------+

8.


Input:
+--------------------------------------------------------+

8.

Output: _


Output:
The Cow in the third year._--The young cow of course possesses the
same youthful appearance already referred to as characterizing the
"spike" bull.


Input:
The Cow in the third year._--The young cow of course possesses the
same youthful appearance already referred to as characterizing the
"spike" bull.

Output:
The hair on the shoulders has begun to take on the light
straw-color, and has by this time attained a length which causes it to
arrange itself in tufts, or locks.


Input:
The hair on the shoulders has begun to take on the light
straw-color, and has by this time attained a length which causes it to
arrange itself in tufts, or locks.

Output:
The body colors have grown darker,
and reached their permanent tone.


Input:
The body colors have grown darker,
and reached their permanent tone.

Output:
Of course the hair on the head has by
no means attained its full length, and the head is not at all handsome.


Input:
Of course the hair on the head has by
no means attained its full length, and the head is not at all handsome.

Output:
The horns are quite small, but the curve is well defined, and they
distinctly mark the sex of the individual, even at the beginning of the
third year.


Input:
The horns are quite small, but the curve is well defined, and they
distinctly mark the sex of the individual, even at the beginning of the
third year.

Output:
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     BISON AMERICANUS.


Input:
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     BISON AMERICANUS.

Output:
|
|(Young cow, in third year.


Input:
|
|(Young cow, in third year.

Output: Taken October 14, 1886.


Input: Taken October 14, 1886.

Output:
Montana.)|
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|         (_No. 15686, National Museum collection._)


Input:
Montana.)|
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|         (_No. 15686, National Museum collection._)


Output:
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          |Feet.| Inches.


Input:
+------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          |Feet.| Inches.

Output:
|
|Height at shoulders                       |  4  |    5      |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail|  7  |    7      |
|Depth of chest                            |  2  |    4      |
|Depth of flank                            |  1  |    4      |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |  5  |    4      |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |  2  |    81/2     |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |  1  |    ..


Input:
|
|Height at shoulders                       |  4  |    5      |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail|  7  |    7      |
|Depth of chest                            |  2  |    4      |
|Depth of flank                            |  1  |    4      |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |  5  |    4      |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |  2  |    81/2     |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |  1  |    ..


Output:
+------------------------------------------------------------+

9.


Input:
+------------------------------------------------------------+

9.

Output: _


Output:
The adult Cow._--The upper body color of the adult cow in the
National Museum group (see Plate) is a rich, though not intense, Vandyke
brown, shading imperceptibly down the sides into black, which spreads
over the entire under parts and inside of the thighs.


Input:
The adult Cow._--The upper body color of the adult cow in the
National Museum group (see Plate) is a rich, though not intense, Vandyke
brown, shading imperceptibly down the sides into black, which spreads
over the entire under parts and inside of the thighs.

Output:
The hair on the
lower joints of the leg is in turn lighter, being about the same shade
as that on the loins.


Input:
The hair on the
lower joints of the leg is in turn lighter, being about the same shade
as that on the loins.

Output:
The fore-arm is concealed in a mass of almost
black hair, which gradually shades lighter from the elbow upward and
along the whole region of the humerus.


Input:
The fore-arm is concealed in a mass of almost
black hair, which gradually shades lighter from the elbow upward and
along the whole region of the humerus.

Output:
On the shoulder itself the hair
is pale yellow or straw-color (Naples yellow + yellow ocher), which
extends down in a point toward the elbow.


Input:
On the shoulder itself the hair
is pale yellow or straw-color (Naples yellow + yellow ocher), which
extends down in a point toward the elbow.

Output:
From the back of the head a
conspicuous baud of curly, dark-brown hair extends back like a mane
along the neck and to the top of the hump, beyond which it soon fades
out.


Input:
From the back of the head a
conspicuous baud of curly, dark-brown hair extends back like a mane
along the neck and to the top of the hump, beyond which it soon fades
out.

Output:
The hair on the head is everywhere a rich burnt-sienna brown, except
around the corners of the mouth, where it shades into black.


Input:
The hair on the head is everywhere a rich burnt-sienna brown, except
around the corners of the mouth, where it shades into black.

Output:
The horns of the cow bison are slender, but solid for about two-thirds
of their length from the tip, ringed with age near their base, and quite
black.


Input:
The horns of the cow bison are slender, but solid for about two-thirds
of their length from the tip, ringed with age near their base, and quite
black.

Output:
Very often they are imperfect in shape, and out of every five
pairs at least one is generally misshapen.


Input:
Very often they are imperfect in shape, and out of every five
pairs at least one is generally misshapen.

Output:
Usually one horn is
"crumpled," _e. g._, dwarfed in length and unnaturally thickened at the
base, and very often one horn is found to be merely an unsightly,
misshapen stub.


Input:
Usually one horn is
"crumpled," _e. g._, dwarfed in length and unnaturally thickened at the
base, and very often one horn is found to be merely an unsightly,
misshapen stub.

Output: [Illustration: From a photograph.


Input: [Illustration: From a photograph.

Output: Engraved by Frederick Juengling.


Input: Engraved by Frederick Juengling.

Output:
BULL
BUFFALO.


Input:
BULL
BUFFALO.

Output: (REAR VIEW.)


Input: (REAR VIEW.)

Output:
Reproduced from the _Cosmopolitan Magazine_, by
permission of the publishers.


Input:
Reproduced from the _Cosmopolitan Magazine_, by
permission of the publishers.


Output:
The udder of the cow bison is very small, as might be expected of an
animal which must do a great deal of hard traveling, but the milk is
said to be very rich.


Input:
The udder of the cow bison is very small, as might be expected of an
animal which must do a great deal of hard traveling, but the milk is
said to be very rich.

Output:
Some authorities declare that it requires the
milk of two domestic cows to satisfy one buffalo calf, but this, I
think, is an error.


Input:
Some authorities declare that it requires the
milk of two domestic cows to satisfy one buffalo calf, but this, I
think, is an error.

Output:
Our calf began in May to consume 6 quarts of
domestic milk daily, which by June 10 had increased to 8, and up to July
10, 9 quarts was the utmost it could drink.


Input:
Our calf began in May to consume 6 quarts of
domestic milk daily, which by June 10 had increased to 8, and up to July
10, 9 quarts was the utmost it could drink.

Output:
By that time it began to eat
grass, but the quantity of milk disposed of remained about the same.


Input:
By that time it began to eat
grass, but the quantity of milk disposed of remained about the same.

Output:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                       BISON AMERICANUS.


Input:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                       BISON AMERICANUS.

Output:
|
|(Adult cow, eight years old.


Input:
|
|(Adult cow, eight years old.

Output: Taken November 18, 1886.


Input: Taken November 18, 1886.

Output:
Montana.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|          (_No. 15767, National Museum collection._)


Input:
Montana.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|          (_No. 15767, National Museum collection._)


Output:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          | Feet.| Inches.


Input:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                          | Feet.| Inches.

Output:
|
|Height at shoulders                       |   4  |   10        |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail|   8  |    6        |
|Depth of chest                            |   3  |    7        |
|Depth of flank                            |   1  |    7        |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |   6  |   10        |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |   3  |             |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |   1  |


Input:
|
|Height at shoulders                       |   4  |   10        |
|Length, head and body to insertion of tail|   8  |    6        |
|Depth of chest                            |   3  |    7        |
|Depth of flank                            |   1  |    7        |
|Girth behind fore leg                     |   6  |   10        |
|From base of horns around end of nose     |   3  |             |
|Length of tail vertebræ                   |   1  |

Output:
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

10.


Input:
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

10.

Output: _


Output:
The "Wood," or "Mountain" Buffalo._--Having myself never seen a
specimen of the so called "mountain buffalo" or "wood buffalo," which
some writers accord the rank of a distinct variety, I can only quote the
descriptions of others.


Input:
The "Wood," or "Mountain" Buffalo._--Having myself never seen a
specimen of the so called "mountain buffalo" or "wood buffalo," which
some writers accord the rank of a distinct variety, I can only quote the
descriptions of others.

Output:
While most Rocky Mountain hunters consider the
bison of the mountains quite distinct from that of the plains, it must
be remarked that no two authorities quite agree in regard to the
distinguishing characters of the variety they recognize.


Input:
While most Rocky Mountain hunters consider the
bison of the mountains quite distinct from that of the plains, it must
be remarked that no two authorities quite agree in regard to the
distinguishing characters of the variety they recognize.

Output:
Colonel Dodge
states that "His body is lighter, whilst his legs are shorter, but much
thicker and stronger, than the plains animal, thus enabling him to
perform feats of climbing and tumbling almost incredible in such a huge
and unwieldy beast.


Input:
Colonel Dodge
states that "His body is lighter, whilst his legs are shorter, but much
thicker and stronger, than the plains animal, thus enabling him to
perform feats of climbing and tumbling almost incredible in such a huge
and unwieldy beast.

Output:
"[32]

[Note 32: Plains of the Great West, p. 144.]


Input:
"[32]

[Note 32: Plains of the Great West, p. 144.]

Output:
The belief in the existence of a distinct mountain variety is quite
common amongst hunters and frontiersmen all along the eastern slope the
Rocky Mountains as far north as the Peace River.


Input:
The belief in the existence of a distinct mountain variety is quite
common amongst hunters and frontiersmen all along the eastern slope the
Rocky Mountains as far north as the Peace River.

Output:
In this connection the
following from Professor Henry Youle Hind[33] is of general interest:


Input:
In this connection the
following from Professor Henry Youle Hind[33] is of general interest:

Output:
[Note 33: Red River, Assinniboine and Saskatchewan Expedition, II p.
104-105.]

"The existence of two kinds of buffalo is firmly believed by many
hunters at Red River; they are stated to be the prairie buffalo and the
buffalo of the woods.


Input:
[Note 33: Red River, Assinniboine and Saskatchewan Expedition, II p.
104-105.]

"The existence of two kinds of buffalo is firmly believed by many
hunters at Red River; they are stated to be the prairie buffalo and the
buffalo of the woods.

Output:
Many old hunters with whom I have conversed on
this subject aver that the so-called wood buffalo is a distinct species,
and although they are not able to offer scientific proofs, yet the
difference in size, color, hair, and horns, are enumerated as the
evidence upon which they base their statement.


Input:
Many old hunters with whom I have conversed on
this subject aver that the so-called wood buffalo is a distinct species,
and although they are not able to offer scientific proofs, yet the
difference in size, color, hair, and horns, are enumerated as the
evidence upon which they base their statement.

Output:
Men from their youth
familiar with these animals in the great plains, and the varieties which
are frequently met with in large herds, still cling to this opinion.


Input:
Men from their youth
familiar with these animals in the great plains, and the varieties which
are frequently met with in large herds, still cling to this opinion.

Output:
The
buffalo of the plains are not always of the dark and rich bright brown
which forms their characteristic color.


Input:
The
buffalo of the plains are not always of the dark and rich bright brown
which forms their characteristic color.

Output:
They are sometimes seen from
white to almost black, and a gray buffalo is not at all uncommon.


Input:
They are sometimes seen from
white to almost black, and a gray buffalo is not at all uncommon.

Output:
Buffalo emasculated by wolves are often found on the prairies, where
they grow to an immense size; the skin of the buffalo ox is recognized
by the shortness of the wool and by its large dimensions.


Input:
Buffalo emasculated by wolves are often found on the prairies, where
they grow to an immense size; the skin of the buffalo ox is recognized
by the shortness of the wool and by its large dimensions.

Output:
The skin of
the so-called wood buffalo is much larger than that of the common
animal, the hair is very short, mane or hair about the neck short and
soft, and altogether destitute of curl, which is the common feature in
the hair or wool of the prairie animal.


Input:
The skin of
the so-called wood buffalo is much larger than that of the common
animal, the hair is very short, mane or hair about the neck short and
soft, and altogether destitute of curl, which is the common feature in
the hair or wool of the prairie animal.

Output:
Two skins of the so-called wood
buffalo, which I saw at Selkirk Settlement, bore a very close
resemblance to the skin of the Lithuanian bison, judging from the
specimens of that species which I have since had an opportunity of
seeing in the British Museum.


Input:
Two skins of the so-called wood
buffalo, which I saw at Selkirk Settlement, bore a very close
resemblance to the skin of the Lithuanian bison, judging from the
specimens of that species which I have since had an opportunity of
seeing in the British Museum.

Output:
"The wood buffalo is stated to be very scarce, and only found north of
the Saskatchewan and on the flanks of the Rocky Mountains.


Input:
"The wood buffalo is stated to be very scarce, and only found north of
the Saskatchewan and on the flanks of the Rocky Mountains.

Output:
It never
ventures into the open plains.


Input:
It never
ventures into the open plains.

Output:
The prairie buffalo, on the contrary,
generally avoids the woods in summer and keeps to the open country; but
in winter they are frequently found in the woods of the Little Souris,
Saskatchewan, the Touchwood Hills, and the aspen groves on the
Qu'Appelle.


Input:
The prairie buffalo, on the contrary,
generally avoids the woods in summer and keeps to the open country; but
in winter they are frequently found in the woods of the Little Souris,
Saskatchewan, the Touchwood Hills, and the aspen groves on the
Qu'Appelle.

Output:
There is no doubt that formerly the prairie buffalo ranged
through open woods almost as much as he now does through the prairies.


Input:
There is no doubt that formerly the prairie buffalo ranged
through open woods almost as much as he now does through the prairies.

Output:
"

Mr. Harrison S. Young, an officer of the Hudson's Bay Fur Company,
stationed at Fort Edmonton, writes me as follows in a letter dated
October 22, 1887: "In our district of Athabasca, along the Salt River,
there are still a few wood buffalo killed every year; but they are fast
diminishing in numbers, and are also becoming very shy.


Input:
"

Mr. Harrison S. Young, an officer of the Hudson's Bay Fur Company,
stationed at Fort Edmonton, writes me as follows in a letter dated
October 22, 1887: "In our district of Athabasca, along the Salt River,
there are still a few wood buffalo killed every year; but they are fast
diminishing in numbers, and are also becoming very shy.

Output:
"

In Prof. John Macoun's "Manitoba and the Great Northwest," page 342,
there occurs the following reference to the wood buffalo: "In the winter
of 1870 the last buffalo were killed north of Peace River; but in 1875
about one thousand head were still in existence between the Athabasca
and Peace Rivers, north of Little Slave Lake.


Input:
"

In Prof. John Macoun's "Manitoba and the Great Northwest," page 342,
there occurs the following reference to the wood buffalo: "In the winter
of 1870 the last buffalo were killed north of Peace River; but in 1875
about one thousand head were still in existence between the Athabasca
and Peace Rivers, north of Little Slave Lake.

Output:
These are called wood
buffalo by the hunters, but diner only in size from those of the plain.


Input:
These are called wood
buffalo by the hunters, but diner only in size from those of the plain.

Output:
"

In the absence of facts based on personal observations, I may be
permitted to advance an opinion in regard to the wood buffalo.


Input:
"

In the absence of facts based on personal observations, I may be
permitted to advance an opinion in regard to the wood buffalo.

Output:
There is
some reason for the belief that certain changes of form may have taken
place in the buffaloes that have taken up a permanent residence in
rugged and precipitous mountain regions.


Input:
There is
some reason for the belief that certain changes of form may have taken
place in the buffaloes that have taken up a permanent residence in
rugged and precipitous mountain regions.

Output:
Indeed, it is hardly possible
to understand how such a radical change in the habitat of an animal
could fail, through successive generations, to effect certain changes in
the animal itself.


Input:
Indeed, it is hardly possible
to understand how such a radical change in the habitat of an animal
could fail, through successive generations, to effect certain changes in
the animal itself.

Output:
It seems to me that the changes which would take
place in a band of plains buffaloes transferred to a permanent mountain
habitat can be forecast with a marked degree of certainty.


Input:
It seems to me that the changes which would take
place in a band of plains buffaloes transferred to a permanent mountain
habitat can be forecast with a marked degree of certainty.

Output:
The changes
that take place under such conditions in cattle, swine, and goats are
well known, and similar causes would certainly produce similar results
in the buffalo.


Input:
The changes
that take place under such conditions in cattle, swine, and goats are
well known, and similar causes would certainly produce similar results
in the buffalo.

Output:
The scantier feed of the mountains, and the great waste of vital energy
called for in procuring it, would hardly produce a larger buffalo than
the plains-fed animal, who acquires an abundance of daily food of the
best quality with but little effort.


Input:
The scantier feed of the mountains, and the great waste of vital energy
called for in procuring it, would hardly produce a larger buffalo than
the plains-fed animal, who acquires an abundance of daily food of the
best quality with but little effort.

Output:
We should expect to see the mountain buffalo smaller in body than the
plains animal, with better leg development, and particularly with
stronger hind quarters.


Input:
We should expect to see the mountain buffalo smaller in body than the
plains animal, with better leg development, and particularly with
stronger hind quarters.

Output:
The pelvis of the plains buffalo is surprisingly
small and weak for so large an animal.


Input:
The pelvis of the plains buffalo is surprisingly
small and weak for so large an animal.

Output:
Beyond question, constant
mountain climbing is bound to develop a maximum of useful muscle and
bone and a minimum of useless fat.


Input:
Beyond question, constant
mountain climbing is bound to develop a maximum of useful muscle and
bone and a minimum of useless fat.

Output:
If the loss of mane sustained by the
African lions who live in bushy localities may be taken as an index, we
should expect the bison of the mountains, especially the "wood buffalo,"
to lose a great deal of his shaggy frontlet and mane on the bushes and
trees which surrounded him.


Input:
If the loss of mane sustained by the
African lions who live in bushy localities may be taken as an index, we
should expect the bison of the mountains, especially the "wood buffalo,"
to lose a great deal of his shaggy frontlet and mane on the bushes and
trees which surrounded him.

Output:
Therefore, we would naturally expect to find
the hair on those parts shorter and in far less perfect condition than
on the bison of the treeless prairies.


Input:
Therefore, we would naturally expect to find
the hair on those parts shorter and in far less perfect condition than
on the bison of the treeless prairies.

Output:
By reason of the more shaded
condition of his home, and the decided mitigation of the sun's
fierceness, we should also expect to see his entire pelage of a darker
tone.


Input:
By reason of the more shaded
condition of his home, and the decided mitigation of the sun's
fierceness, we should also expect to see his entire pelage of a darker
tone.

Output:
That he would acquire a degree of agility and strength unknown in
his relative of the plain is reasonably certain.


Input:
That he would acquire a degree of agility and strength unknown in
his relative of the plain is reasonably certain.

Output:
In the course of many
centuries the change in his form might become well defined, constant,
and conspicuous; but at present there is apparently not the slightest
ground for considering that the "mountain buffalo" or "wood buffalo" is
entitled to rank even as a variety of _


Input:
In the course of many
centuries the change in his form might become well defined, constant,
and conspicuous; but at present there is apparently not the slightest
ground for considering that the "mountain buffalo" or "wood buffalo" is
entitled to rank even as a variety of _

Output: Bison americanus_.


Input: Bison americanus_.

Output:
Colonel Dodge has recorded some very interesting information in regard
to the "mountain, or wood buffalo," which deserves to be quoted
entire.[34]

[Note 34: Plains of the Great West, p. 144-147.]


Input:
Colonel Dodge has recorded some very interesting information in regard
to the "mountain, or wood buffalo," which deserves to be quoted
entire.[34]

[Note 34: Plains of the Great West, p. 144-147.]

Output:
"In various portions of the Rocky Mountains, especially in the region of
the parks, is found an animal which old mountaineers call the 'bison.'


Input:
"In various portions of the Rocky Mountains, especially in the region of
the parks, is found an animal which old mountaineers call the 'bison.'

Output:
This animal bears about the same relation to a plains buffalo as a
sturdy mountain pony does to an American horse.


Input:
This animal bears about the same relation to a plains buffalo as a
sturdy mountain pony does to an American horse.

Output:
His body is lighter,
whilst his legs are shorter, but much thicker and stronger, than the
plains animal, thus enabling him to perform feats of climbing and
tumbling almost incredible in such a huge and apparently unwieldy beast.


Input:
His body is lighter,
whilst his legs are shorter, but much thicker and stronger, than the
plains animal, thus enabling him to perform feats of climbing and
tumbling almost incredible in such a huge and apparently unwieldy beast.

Output:
"These animals are by no means plentiful, and are moreover excessively
shy, inhabiting the deepest, darkest defiles, or the craggy, almost
precipitous, sides of mountains inaccessible to any but the most
practiced mountaineers.


Input:
"These animals are by no means plentiful, and are moreover excessively
shy, inhabiting the deepest, darkest defiles, or the craggy, almost
precipitous, sides of mountains inaccessible to any but the most
practiced mountaineers.

Output:
"From the tops of the mountains which rim the parks the rains of ages
have cut deep gorges, which plunge with brusque abruptness, but
nevertheless with great regularity, hundreds or even thousands of feet
to the valley below.


Input:
"From the tops of the mountains which rim the parks the rains of ages
have cut deep gorges, which plunge with brusque abruptness, but
nevertheless with great regularity, hundreds or even thousands of feet
to the valley below.

Output:
Down the bottom of each such gorge a clear, cold
stream of purest water, fertilizing a narrow belt of a few feet of
alluvial, and giving birth and growth, to a dense jungle of spruce,
quaking asp, and other mountain trees.


Input:
Down the bottom of each such gorge a clear, cold
stream of purest water, fertilizing a narrow belt of a few feet of
alluvial, and giving birth and growth, to a dense jungle of spruce,
quaking asp, and other mountain trees.

Output:
One side of the gorge is
generally a thick forest of pine, while the other side is a meadow-like
park, covered with splendid grass.


Input:
One side of the gorge is
generally a thick forest of pine, while the other side is a meadow-like
park, covered with splendid grass.

Output:
Such gorges are the favorite haunt of
the mountain buffalo.


Input:
Such gorges are the favorite haunt of
the mountain buffalo.

Output:
Early in the morning he enjoys a bountiful
breakfast of the rich nutritious grasses, quenches his thirst with the
finest water, and, retiring just within the line of jungle, where,
himself unseen, he can scan the open, he crouches himself in the long
grass and reposes in comfort and security until appetite calls him to
his dinner late in the evening.


Input:
Early in the morning he enjoys a bountiful
breakfast of the rich nutritious grasses, quenches his thirst with the
finest water, and, retiring just within the line of jungle, where,
himself unseen, he can scan the open, he crouches himself in the long
grass and reposes in comfort and security until appetite calls him to
his dinner late in the evening.

Output:
Unlike their plains relative, there is
no stupid staring at an intruder.


Input:
Unlike their plains relative, there is
no stupid staring at an intruder.

Output:
At the first symptom of danger they
disappear like magic in the thicket, and never stop until far removed
from even the apprehension of pursuit.


Input:
At the first symptom of danger they
disappear like magic in the thicket, and never stop until far removed
from even the apprehension of pursuit.

Output:
I have many times come upon their
fresh tracks, upon the beds from which they had first sprung in alarm,
but I have never even seen one.


Input:
I have many times come upon their
fresh tracks, upon the beds from which they had first sprung in alarm,
but I have never even seen one.

Output:
"I have wasted much time and a great deal of wind in vain endeavors to
add one of these animals to my bag.


Input:
"I have wasted much time and a great deal of wind in vain endeavors to
add one of these animals to my bag.

Output:
My figure is no longer adapted to
mountain climbing, and the possession of a bison's head of my own
killing is one of my blighted hopes.


Input:
My figure is no longer adapted to
mountain climbing, and the possession of a bison's head of my own
killing is one of my blighted hopes.

Output:
"Several of my friends have been more fortunate, but I know of no
sportsman who has bagged more than one.[35]


Input:
"Several of my friends have been more fortunate, but I know of no
sportsman who has bagged more than one.[35]

Output:
[Note 35: Foot-note by William Blackmore: "The author is in error here,
as in a point of the Tarryall range of mountains, between Pike's Peak
and the South Park, in the autumn of 1871, two mountain buffaloes were
killed in one afternoon.


Input:
[Note 35: Foot-note by William Blackmore: "The author is in error here,
as in a point of the Tarryall range of mountains, between Pike's Peak
and the South Park, in the autumn of 1871, two mountain buffaloes were
killed in one afternoon.

Output:
The skin of the finer was presented to Dr.
Frank Buckland.


Input:
The skin of the finer was presented to Dr.
Frank Buckland.

Output:
"]

"Old mountaineers and trappers have given me wonderful accounts of the
number of these animals in all the mountain region 'many years ago;' and
I have been informed by them, that their present rarity is due to the
great snow-storm of 1844-'45, of which I have already spoken as
destroying the plains buffalo in the Laramie country.


Input:
"]

"Old mountaineers and trappers have given me wonderful accounts of the
number of these animals in all the mountain region 'many years ago;' and
I have been informed by them, that their present rarity is due to the
great snow-storm of 1844-'45, of which I have already spoken as
destroying the plains buffalo in the Laramie country.

Output:
"One of my friends, a most ardent and pertinacious sportsman, determined
on the possession of a bison's head, and, hiring a guide, plunged into
the mountain wilds which separate the Middle from South Park.


Input:
"One of my friends, a most ardent and pertinacious sportsman, determined
on the possession of a bison's head, and, hiring a guide, plunged into
the mountain wilds which separate the Middle from South Park.

Output:
After
several days fresh tracks were discovered.


Input:
After
several days fresh tracks were discovered.

Output:
Turning their horses loose on
a little gorge park, such as described, they started on foot on the
trail; for all that day they toiled and scrambled with the utmost
caution--now up, now down, through deep and narrow gorges and pine
thickets, over bare and rocky crags, sleeping where night overtook them.


Input:
Turning their horses loose on
a little gorge park, such as described, they started on foot on the
trail; for all that day they toiled and scrambled with the utmost
caution--now up, now down, through deep and narrow gorges and pine
thickets, over bare and rocky crags, sleeping where night overtook them.

Output:
Betimes next morning they pushed on the trail, and about 11 o'clock,
when both were exhausted and well-nigh disheartened, their route was
intercepted by a precipice.


Input:
Betimes next morning they pushed on the trail, and about 11 o'clock,
when both were exhausted and well-nigh disheartened, their route was
intercepted by a precipice.

Output:
Looking over, they descried, on a projecting
ledge several hundred feet below, a herd of about 20 bisons lying down.


Input:
Looking over, they descried, on a projecting
ledge several hundred feet below, a herd of about 20 bisons lying down.

Output: The ledge was about 300 feet at widest, by probably 1,000 feet long.


Input: The ledge was about 300 feet at widest, by probably 1,000 feet long.

Output:
Its
inner boundary was the wall of rock on the top of which they stood; its
outer appeared to be a sheer precipice of at least 200 feet.


Input:
Its
inner boundary was the wall of rock on the top of which they stood; its
outer appeared to be a sheer precipice of at least 200 feet.

Output:
This ledge
was connected with the slope of the mountain by a narrow neck.


Input:
This ledge
was connected with the slope of the mountain by a narrow neck.

Output:
The wind
being right, the hunters succeeded in reaching this neck unobserved.


Input:
The wind
being right, the hunters succeeded in reaching this neck unobserved.

Output:
My
friend selected a magnificent head, that of a fine bull, young but full
grown, and both fired.


Input:
My
friend selected a magnificent head, that of a fine bull, young but full
grown, and both fired.

Output:
At the report the bisons all ran to the far end
of the ledge and plunged over.


Input:
At the report the bisons all ran to the far end
of the ledge and plunged over.

Output:
"Terribly disappointed, the hunters ran to the spot, and found that they
had gone down a declivity, not actually a precipice, but so steep that
the hunters could not follow them.


Input:
"Terribly disappointed, the hunters ran to the spot, and found that they
had gone down a declivity, not actually a precipice, but so steep that
the hunters could not follow them.

Output: "At the foot lay a bison.


Input: "At the foot lay a bison.

Output:
A long, a fatiguing detour brought them to the
spot, and in the animal lying dead before him my friend recognized his
bull--his first and last mountain buffalo.


Input:
A long, a fatiguing detour brought them to the
spot, and in the animal lying dead before him my friend recognized his
bull--his first and last mountain buffalo.

Output:
Hone but a true sportsman can
appreciate his feelings.


Input:
Hone but a true sportsman can
appreciate his feelings.

Output:
"The remainder of the herd was never seen after the great plunge, down
which it is doubtful if even a dog could have followed unharmed.


Input:
"The remainder of the herd was never seen after the great plunge, down
which it is doubtful if even a dog could have followed unharmed.

Output:
"

In the issue of Forest and Stream of June 14, 1888, Dr. R. W. Shufeldt,
in an article entitled "The American Buffalo," relates a very
interesting experience with buffaloes which were pronounced to be of the
"mountain" variety, and his observations on the animals are well worth
reproducing here.


Input:
"

In the issue of Forest and Stream of June 14, 1888, Dr. R. W. Shufeldt,
in an article entitled "The American Buffalo," relates a very
interesting experience with buffaloes which were pronounced to be of the
"mountain" variety, and his observations on the animals are well worth
reproducing here.

Output:
The animals (eight in number) were encountered on the
northern slope of the Big Horn Mountains, in the autumn of 1877.


Input:
The animals (eight in number) were encountered on the
northern slope of the Big Horn Mountains, in the autumn of 1877.

Output:
"We
came upon them during a fearful blizzard of heavy hail, during which our
animals could scarcely retain their feet.


Input:
"We
came upon them during a fearful blizzard of heavy hail, during which our
animals could scarcely retain their feet.

Output:
In fact, the packer's mule
absolutely lay down on the ground rather than risk being blown down the
mountain side, and my own horse, totally unable to face such a violent
blow and the pelting hail (the stones being as large as big marbles),
positively stood stock-still, facing an old buffalo bull that was not
more than 25 feet in front of me.


Input:
In fact, the packer's mule
absolutely lay down on the ground rather than risk being blown down the
mountain side, and my own horse, totally unable to face such a violent
blow and the pelting hail (the stones being as large as big marbles),
positively stood stock-still, facing an old buffalo bull that was not
more than 25 feet in front of me.


Output:
* Strange to say, this fearful
gust did not last more than ten minutes, when it stopped as suddenly as
it had commenced, and I deliberately killed my old buffalo at one shot,
just where he stood, and, separating two other bulls from the rest,
charged them down a rugged ravine.


Input:
* Strange to say, this fearful
gust did not last more than ten minutes, when it stopped as suddenly as
it had commenced, and I deliberately killed my old buffalo at one shot,
just where he stood, and, separating two other bulls from the rest,
charged them down a rugged ravine.

Output:
They passed over this and into
another one, but with less precipitous sides and no trees in the way,
and when I was on top of the intervening ridge I noticed that the
largest bull had halted in the bottom.


Input:
They passed over this and into
another one, but with less precipitous sides and no trees in the way,
and when I was on top of the intervening ridge I noticed that the
largest bull had halted in the bottom.

Output:
Checking my horse, an excellent
buffalo hunter, I fired down at him without dismounting.


Input:
Checking my horse, an excellent
buffalo hunter, I fired down at him without dismounting.

Output:
The ball merely
barked his shoulder, and to my infinite surprise he turned and charged
me up the hill.


Input:
The ball merely
barked his shoulder, and to my infinite surprise he turned and charged
me up the hill.


Output:
* Stepping to one side of my horse, with the
charging and infuriated bull not 10 feet to my front, I fired upon him,
and the heavy ball took him square in the chest, bringing him to his
knees, with a gush of scarlet blood from his mouth and nostrils.


Input:
* Stepping to one side of my horse, with the
charging and infuriated bull not 10 feet to my front, I fired upon him,
and the heavy ball took him square in the chest, bringing him to his
knees, with a gush of scarlet blood from his mouth and nostrils.


Output:
* *

"Upon examining the specimen, I found it to be an old bull, apparently
smaller and very much blacker than the ones I had seen killed on the
plains only a day or so before.


Input:
* *

"Upon examining the specimen, I found it to be an old bull, apparently
smaller and very much blacker than the ones I had seen killed on the
plains only a day or so before.

Output:
Then I examined the first one I had
shot, as well as others which were killed by the packer from the same
bunch, and I came to the conclusion that they were typical
representatives of the variety known as the 'mountain buffalo,' a form
much more active in movement, of slighter limbs, blacker, and far more
dangerous to attack.


Input:
Then I examined the first one I had
shot, as well as others which were killed by the packer from the same
bunch, and I came to the conclusion that they were typical
representatives of the variety known as the 'mountain buffalo,' a form
much more active in movement, of slighter limbs, blacker, and far more
dangerous to attack.

Output:
My opinion in the premises remains unaltered
to-day.


Input:
My opinion in the premises remains unaltered
to-day.

Output:
In all this I may be mistaken, but it was also the opinion held
by the old buffalo hunter who accompanied me, and who at once remarked
when he saw them that they were 'mountain buffalo,' and not the plains
variety.


Input:
In all this I may be mistaken, but it was also the opinion held
by the old buffalo hunter who accompanied me, and who at once remarked
when he saw them that they were 'mountain buffalo,' and not the plains
variety.


Output:
* *

"These specimens were not actually measured by me in either case, and
their being considered smaller only rested upon my judging them by my
eye.


Input:
* *

"These specimens were not actually measured by me in either case, and
their being considered smaller only rested upon my judging them by my
eye.

Output:
But they were of a softer pelage, black, lighter in limb, and when
discovered were in the timber, on the side of the Big Horn Mountains.


Input:
But they were of a softer pelage, black, lighter in limb, and when
discovered were in the timber, on the side of the Big Horn Mountains.

Output:
"

The band of bison in the Yellowstone Park must, of necessity, be of the
so-called "wood" or "mountain" variety, and if by any chance one of its
members ever dies of old age, it is to be hoped its skin may be
carefully preserved and sent to the National Museum to throw some
further light on this question.

11.


Input:
"

The band of bison in the Yellowstone Park must, of necessity, be of the
so-called "wood" or "mountain" variety, and if by any chance one of its
members ever dies of old age, it is to be hoped its skin may be
carefully preserved and sent to the National Museum to throw some
further light on this question.

11.

Output: _


Output:
The shedding of the winter pelage._--In personal appearance the
buffalo is subject to striking, and even painful, variations, and the
estimate an observer forms of him is very apt to depend upon the time of
the year at which the observation is made.


Input:
The shedding of the winter pelage._--In personal appearance the
buffalo is subject to striking, and even painful, variations, and the
estimate an observer forms of him is very apt to depend upon the time of
the year at which the observation is made.

Output:
Toward the end of the winter
the whole coat has become faded and bleached by the action of the sun,
wind, snow, and rain, until the freshness of its late autumn colors has
totally disappeared.


Input:
Toward the end of the winter
the whole coat has become faded and bleached by the action of the sun,
wind, snow, and rain, until the freshness of its late autumn colors has
totally disappeared.

Output:
The bison takes on a seedy, weathered, and rusty
look.


Input:
The bison takes on a seedy, weathered, and rusty
look.

Output:
But this is not a circumstance to what happens to him a little
later.


Input:
But this is not a circumstance to what happens to him a little
later.

Output:
Promptly with the coming of the spring, if not even in the last
week of February, the buffalo begins the shedding of his winter coat.


Input:
Promptly with the coming of the spring, if not even in the last
week of February, the buffalo begins the shedding of his winter coat.

Output:
It
is a long and difficult task, and with commendable energy he sets about
it at the earliest possible moment.


Input:
It
is a long and difficult task, and with commendable energy he sets about
it at the earliest possible moment.

Output:
It lasts him more than half the
year, and is attended with many positive discomforts.


Input:
It lasts him more than half the
year, and is attended with many positive discomforts.

Output:
The process of shedding is accomplished in two ways: by the new hair
growing into and forcing off the old, and by the old hair falling off in
great patches, leaving the skin bare.


Input:
The process of shedding is accomplished in two ways: by the new hair
growing into and forcing off the old, and by the old hair falling off in
great patches, leaving the skin bare.

Output:
On the heavily-haired
portions--the head, neck, fore quarters, and hump--the old hair stops
growing, dies, and the new hair immediately starts through the skin and
forces it off.


Input:
On the heavily-haired
portions--the head, neck, fore quarters, and hump--the old hair stops
growing, dies, and the new hair immediately starts through the skin and
forces it off.

Output:
The new hair grows so rapidly, and at the same time so
densely, that it forces itself into the old, becomes hopelessly
entangled with it, and in time actually lifts the old hair clear of the
skin.


Input:
The new hair grows so rapidly, and at the same time so
densely, that it forces itself into the old, becomes hopelessly
entangled with it, and in time actually lifts the old hair clear of the
skin.

Output:
On the head the new hair is dark brown or black, but on the neck,
fore quarters, and hump it has at first, and indeed until it is 2 inches
in length, a peculiar gray or drab color, mixed with brown, totally
different from its final and natural color.


Input:
On the head the new hair is dark brown or black, but on the neck,
fore quarters, and hump it has at first, and indeed until it is 2 inches
in length, a peculiar gray or drab color, mixed with brown, totally
different from its final and natural color.

Output:
The new hair starts first on
the head, but the actual shedding of the old hair is to be seen first
along the lower parts of the neck and between the fore legs.


Input:
The new hair starts first on
the head, but the actual shedding of the old hair is to be seen first
along the lower parts of the neck and between the fore legs.

Output:
The
heavily-haired parts are never bare, but, on the contrary, the amount of
hair upon them is about the same all the year round.


Input:
The
heavily-haired parts are never bare, but, on the contrary, the amount of
hair upon them is about the same all the year round.

Output:
The old and the new
hair cling together with provoking tenacity long after the old coat
should fall, and on several of the bulls we killed in October there were
patches of it still sticking tightly to the shoulders, from which it
had to be forcibly plucked away.


Input:
The old and the new
hair cling together with provoking tenacity long after the old coat
should fall, and on several of the bulls we killed in October there were
patches of it still sticking tightly to the shoulders, from which it
had to be forcibly plucked away.

Output:
Under all such patches the new hair was
of a different color from that around them.


Input:
Under all such patches the new hair was
of a different color from that around them.

Output:
The other process of shedding takes place on the body and hind quarters,
from which the old hair loosens and drops off in great woolly flakes a
foot square, more or less.


Input:
The other process of shedding takes place on the body and hind quarters,
from which the old hair loosens and drops off in great woolly flakes a
foot square, more or less.

Output:
The shedding takes place very unevenly, the
old hair remaining much longer in some places than in others.


Input:
The shedding takes place very unevenly, the
old hair remaining much longer in some places than in others.

Output:
During
April, May, and June the body and hind quarters present a most ludicrous
and even pitiful spectacle.


Input:
During
April, May, and June the body and hind quarters present a most ludicrous
and even pitiful spectacle.

Output:
The island-like patches of persistent old
hair alternating with patches of bare brown skin are adorned (?) by
great ragged streamers of loose hair, which flutter in the wind like
signals of distress.


Input:
The island-like patches of persistent old
hair alternating with patches of bare brown skin are adorned (?) by
great ragged streamers of loose hair, which flutter in the wind like
signals of distress.

Output:
Whoever sees a bison at this period is filled with
a desire to assist nature by plucking off the flying streamers of old
hair; but the bison never permits anything of the kind, however good
one's intentions may be.


Input:
Whoever sees a bison at this period is filled with
a desire to assist nature by plucking off the flying streamers of old
hair; but the bison never permits anything of the kind, however good
one's intentions may be.

Output:
All efforts to dislodge the old hair are
resisted to the last extremity, and the buffalo generally acts as if the
intention were to deprive him of his skin itself.


Input:
All efforts to dislodge the old hair are
resisted to the last extremity, and the buffalo generally acts as if the
intention were to deprive him of his skin itself.

Output:
By the end of June, if
not before, the body and hind quarters are free from the old hair, and
as bare as the hide of a hippopotamus.


Input:
By the end of June, if
not before, the body and hind quarters are free from the old hair, and
as bare as the hide of a hippopotamus.

Output:
The naked skin has a shiny brown
appearance, and of course the external anatomy of the animal is very
distinctly revealed.


Input:
The naked skin has a shiny brown
appearance, and of course the external anatomy of the animal is very
distinctly revealed.

Output:
But for the long hair on the fore quarters, neck,
and head the bison would lose all his dignity of appearance with his
hair.


Input:
But for the long hair on the fore quarters, neck,
and head the bison would lose all his dignity of appearance with his
hair.

Output:
As it is, the handsome black head, which is black with new hair as
early as the first of May, redeems the animal from utter homeliness.


Input:
As it is, the handsome black head, which is black with new hair as
early as the first of May, redeems the animal from utter homeliness.

Output:
After the shedding of the body hair, the naked skin of the buffalo is
burned by the sun and bitten by flies until he is compelled to seek a
pool of water, or even a bed of soft mud, in which to roll and make
himself comfortable.


Input:
After the shedding of the body hair, the naked skin of the buffalo is
burned by the sun and bitten by flies until he is compelled to seek a
pool of water, or even a bed of soft mud, in which to roll and make
himself comfortable.

Output:
He wallows, not so much because he is so fond of
either water or mud, but in self-defense; and when he emerges from his
wallow, plastered with mud from head to tail, his degradation is
complete.


Input:
He wallows, not so much because he is so fond of
either water or mud, but in self-defense; and when he emerges from his
wallow, plastered with mud from head to tail, his degradation is
complete.

Output:
He is then simply not fit to be seen, even by his best
friends.


Input:
He is then simply not fit to be seen, even by his best
friends.

Output:
By the first of October, a complete and wonderful transformation has
taken place.


Input:
By the first of October, a complete and wonderful transformation has
taken place.

Output:
The buffalo stands forth clothed in a complete new suit of
hair, fine, clean, sleek, and bright in color, not a speck of dirt nor a
lock awry anywhere.


Input:
The buffalo stands forth clothed in a complete new suit of
hair, fine, clean, sleek, and bright in color, not a speck of dirt nor a
lock awry anywhere.

Output:
To be sure, it is as yet a trifle short on the body,
where it is not over an inch in length, and hardly that; but it is
growing rapidly and getting ready for winter.


Input:
To be sure, it is as yet a trifle short on the body,
where it is not over an inch in length, and hardly that; but it is
growing rapidly and getting ready for winter.

Output:
From the 20th of November to the 20th of December the pelage is at its
very finest.


Input:
From the 20th of November to the 20th of December the pelage is at its
very finest.

Output:
By the former date it has attained its full growth, its
colors are at their brightest, and nothing has been lost either by the
elements or by accidental causes.


Input:
By the former date it has attained its full growth, its
colors are at their brightest, and nothing has been lost either by the
elements or by accidental causes.

Output:
To him who sees an adult bull at this
period, or near it, the grandeur of the animal is irresistibly felt.


Input:
To him who sees an adult bull at this
period, or near it, the grandeur of the animal is irresistibly felt.

Output:
After seeing buffaloes of all ages in the spring and summer months the
contrast afforded by those seen in October, November, and December was
most striking and impressive.


Input:
After seeing buffaloes of all ages in the spring and summer months the
contrast afforded by those seen in October, November, and December was
most striking and impressive.

Output:
In the later period, as different
individuals were wounded and brought to bay at close quarters, their
hair was so clean and well-kept, that more than once I was led to
exclaim: "He looks as if he had just been combed.


Input:
In the later period, as different
individuals were wounded and brought to bay at close quarters, their
hair was so clean and well-kept, that more than once I was led to
exclaim: "He looks as if he had just been combed.

Output:
"

It must be remarked, however, that the long hair of the head and fore
quarters is disposed in locks or tufts, and to comb it in reality would
utterly destroy its natural and characteristic appearance.


Input:
"

It must be remarked, however, that the long hair of the head and fore
quarters is disposed in locks or tufts, and to comb it in reality would
utterly destroy its natural and characteristic appearance.

Output:
Inasmuch as the pelage of the domesticated bison, the only
representatives of the species which will be found alive ten years
hence, will in all likelihood develop differently from that of the wild
animal, it may some time in the future be of interest to know the
length, by careful measurement, of the hair found on carefully-selected
typical wild specimens.


Input:
Inasmuch as the pelage of the domesticated bison, the only
representatives of the species which will be found alive ten years
hence, will in all likelihood develop differently from that of the wild
animal, it may some time in the future be of interest to know the
length, by careful measurement, of the hair found on carefully-selected
typical wild specimens.

Output:
To this end the following measurements are
given.


Input:
To this end the following measurements are
given.

Output:
It must be borne in mind that these specimens were not chosen
because their pelage was particularly luxuriant, but rather because they
are fine average specimens.


Input:
It must be borne in mind that these specimens were not chosen
because their pelage was particularly luxuriant, but rather because they
are fine average specimens.

Output:
The hair of the adult bull is by no means as long as I have seen on a
bison, although perhaps not many have greatly surpassed it.


Input:
The hair of the adult bull is by no means as long as I have seen on a
bison, although perhaps not many have greatly surpassed it.

Output:
It is with
the lower animals as with man--the length of the hairy covering is an
individual character only.


Input:
It is with
the lower animals as with man--the length of the hairy covering is an
individual character only.

Output:
I have in my possession a tuft of hair, from
the frontlet of a rather small bull bison, which measures 221/2 inches
in length.


Input:
I have in my possession a tuft of hair, from
the frontlet of a rather small bull bison, which measures 221/2 inches
in length.

Output:
The beard on the specimen from which this came was
correspondingly long, and the entire pelage was of wonderful length and
density.


Input:
The beard on the specimen from which this came was
correspondingly long, and the entire pelage was of wonderful length and
density.

Output: LENGTH OF THE HAIR OF BISON AMERICANUS.


Input: LENGTH OF THE HAIR OF BISON AMERICANUS.

Output:
[Measurements, in inches, of the pelage of the specimens composing the
group in the National Museum.]


Input:
[Measurements, in inches, of the pelage of the specimens composing the
group in the National Museum.]

Output:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                    |Old    |Old     |Spike   |Young   |Yearling|Young |
|                    |bull,  |cow,    |bull,   |cow,    |calf,   |calf, |
|                    |killed |killed  |killed  |killed  |killed  |four


Input:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                    |Old    |Old     |Spike   |Young   |Yearling|Young |
|                    |bull,  |cow,    |bull,   |cow,    |calf,   |calf, |
|                    |killed |killed  |killed  |killed  |killed  |four

Output:
|
|                    |Dec.


Input:
|
|                    |Dec.

Output: 6.|Nov.


Output:
31.|months|
|Length of:          |       |        |        |        |        |old.


Input:
31.|months|
|Length of:          |       |        |        |        |        |old.


Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the shoulder|       |        |        |        |        |      |
|(over scapula)      |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the shoulder|       |        |        |        |        |      |
|(over scapula)      |

Output: 33/4


Output: |   43/4   |   31/2   |   31/4   |   3    |  11/2  |


Input: |   43/4   |   31/2   |   31/4   |   3    |  11/2  |

Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on top of hump |   61/2  |   7    |   51/4   |   51/2   |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on top of hump |   61/2  |   7    |   51/4   |   51/2   |

Output: 41/2   |  2   |


Input: 41/2   |  2   |

Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the middle  |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|of the side         |   2   |   11/2   |   21/2   |   11/2   |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the middle  |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|of the side         |   2   |   11/2   |   21/2   |   11/2   |

Output: 21/4


Output: |  11/4


Input: |  11/4


Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the         |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|hind quarter        |   13/4


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the         |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|hind quarter        |   13/4

Output: |   11/4   |    3/4   |    3/4   |   2    |  1   |


Input: |   11/4   |    3/4   |    3/4   |   2    |  1   |

Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the         |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|forehead            |  16   |   81/2   |   61/2   |   5    |   31/2   |   1/2  |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|hair on the         |       |        |        |        |        |      |
|forehead            |  16   |   81/2   |   61/2   |   5    |   31/2   |   1/2  |


Output: |the chin beard      |


Input: |the chin beard      |

Output: 111/2  |   91/2   |


Input: 111/2  |   91/2   |

Output: 63/4   |   5    |   5    |  0   |


Input: 63/4   |   5    |   5    |  0   |


Output: |the breast tuft     |   8   |   81/2   |   8    |   6    |   5    |  3   |


Input: |the breast tuft     |   8   |   81/2   |   8    |   6    |   5    |  3   |

Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|tuft on fore leg    |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|tuft on fore leg    |

Output: 101/2  |   8    |   8    |   41/2   |   3    |  11/2  |


Input: 101/2  |   8    |   8    |   41/2   |   3    |  11/2  |

Output:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|the tail tuft       |  19   |  15    |  15    |  13    |   71/2   |


Input:
+--------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------+
|the tail tuft       |  19   |  15    |  15    |  13    |   71/2   |

Output: 41/2  |


Input: 41/2  |

Output:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

_


Input:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

_

Output:
Albinism._--Cases of albinism in the buffalo were of extremely rare
occurrence.


Input:
Albinism._--Cases of albinism in the buffalo were of extremely rare
occurrence.

Output:
I have met many old buffalo hunters, who had killed
thousands and seen scores of thousands of buffaloes, yet never had seen
a white one.


Input:
I have met many old buffalo hunters, who had killed
thousands and seen scores of thousands of buffaloes, yet never had seen
a white one.

Output:
From all accounts it appears that not over ten or eleven
white buffaloes, or white buffalo skins, were ever seen by white men.


Input:
From all accounts it appears that not over ten or eleven
white buffaloes, or white buffalo skins, were ever seen by white men.

Output: Pied individuals were occasionally obtained, but even they were rare.


Input: Pied individuals were occasionally obtained, but even they were rare.

Output:
Albino buffaloes were always so highly prized that not a single one, so
far as I can learn, ever had the good fortune to attain adult size,
their appearance being so striking, in contrast with the other members
of the herd, as to draw upon them an unusual number of enemies, and
cause their speedy destruction.


Input:
Albino buffaloes were always so highly prized that not a single one, so
far as I can learn, ever had the good fortune to attain adult size,
their appearance being so striking, in contrast with the other members
of the herd, as to draw upon them an unusual number of enemies, and
cause their speedy destruction.

Output:
At the New Orleans Exposition, in 1884-'85, the Territory of Dakota
exhibited, amongst other Western quadrupeds, the mounted skin of a
two-year-old buffalo which might fairly be called an albino.


Input:
At the New Orleans Exposition, in 1884-'85, the Territory of Dakota
exhibited, amongst other Western quadrupeds, the mounted skin of a
two-year-old buffalo which might fairly be called an albino.

Output:
Although
not really white, it was of a uniform dirty cream-color, and showed not
a trace of the bison's normal color on any part of its body.


Input:
Although
not really white, it was of a uniform dirty cream-color, and showed not
a trace of the bison's normal color on any part of its body.

Output: Lieut.


Input: Lieut.

Output:
Col. S. C. Kellogg, U. S. Army, has on deposit in the National
Museum a tanned skin which is said to have come from a buffalo.


Input:
Col. S. C. Kellogg, U. S. Army, has on deposit in the National
Museum a tanned skin which is said to have come from a buffalo.

Output:
It is
from an animal about one year old, and the hair upon it, which is short,
very curly or wavy, and rather coarse, is pure white.


Input:
It is
from an animal about one year old, and the hair upon it, which is short,
very curly or wavy, and rather coarse, is pure white.

Output:
In length and
texture the hair does not in any one respect resemble the hair of a
yearling buffalo save in one particular,--along the median line of the
neck and hump there is a rather long, thin mane of hair, which has the
peculiar woolly appearance of genuine buffalo hair on those parts.


Input:
In length and
texture the hair does not in any one respect resemble the hair of a
yearling buffalo save in one particular,--along the median line of the
neck and hump there is a rather long, thin mane of hair, which has the
peculiar woolly appearance of genuine buffalo hair on those parts.

Output:
On
the shoulder portions of the skin the hair is as short as on the hind
quarters.


Input:
On
the shoulder portions of the skin the hair is as short as on the hind
quarters.

Output:
I am inclined to believe this rather remarkable specimen came
from a wild half-breed calf, the result of a cross between a white
domestic cow and a buffalo bull.


Input:
I am inclined to believe this rather remarkable specimen came
from a wild half-breed calf, the result of a cross between a white
domestic cow and a buffalo bull.

Output:
At one time it was by no means uncommon
for small bunches of domestic cattle to enter herds of buffalo and
remain there permanently.


Input:
At one time it was by no means uncommon
for small bunches of domestic cattle to enter herds of buffalo and
remain there permanently.

Output:
I have been informed that the late General Marcy possessed a white
buffalo skin.


Input:
I have been informed that the late General Marcy possessed a white
buffalo skin.

Output:
If it is still in existence, and is really _white_, it is
to be hoped that so great a rarity may find a permanent abiding place in
some museum where the remains of _


Input:
If it is still in existence, and is really _white_, it is
to be hoped that so great a rarity may find a permanent abiding place in
some museum where the remains of _

Output:
Bison americanus_ are properly
appreciated.


Input:
Bison americanus_ are properly
appreciated.

Output: V. THE HABITS OF THE BUFFALO.


Input: V. THE HABITS OF THE BUFFALO.

Output:
The history of the buffalo's daily life and habits should begin with the
"running season."


Input:
The history of the buffalo's daily life and habits should begin with the
"running season."

Output:
This period occupied the months of August and
September, and was characterized by a degree of excitement and activity
throughout the entire herd quite foreign to the ease-loving and even
slothful nature which was so noticeable a feature of the bison's
character at all other times.


Input:
This period occupied the months of August and
September, and was characterized by a degree of excitement and activity
throughout the entire herd quite foreign to the ease-loving and even
slothful nature which was so noticeable a feature of the bison's
character at all other times.

Output: The mating season occurred when the herd was on its summer range.


Input: The mating season occurred when the herd was on its summer range.

Output:
The
spring calves were from two to four months old.


Input:
The
spring calves were from two to four months old.

Output:
Through continued
feasting on the new crop of buffalo-grass and bunch-grass--the most
nutritious in the world, perhaps--every buffalo in the herd had grown
round-sided, fat, and vigorous.


Input:
Through continued
feasting on the new crop of buffalo-grass and bunch-grass--the most
nutritious in the world, perhaps--every buffalo in the herd had grown
round-sided, fat, and vigorous.

Output:
The faded and weather-beaten suit of
winter hair had by that time fallen off and given place to the new coat
of dark gray and black, and, excepting for the shortness of his hair,
the buffalo was in prime condition.


Input:
The faded and weather-beaten suit of
winter hair had by that time fallen off and given place to the new coat
of dark gray and black, and, excepting for the shortness of his hair,
the buffalo was in prime condition.

Output:
During the "running season," as it was called by the plainsmen, the
whole nature of the herd was completely changed.


Input:
During the "running season," as it was called by the plainsmen, the
whole nature of the herd was completely changed.

Output:
Instead of being broken
up into countless small groups and dispersed over a vast extent of
territory, the herd came together in a dense and confused mass of many
thousand individuals, so closely congregated as to actually blacken the
face of the landscape.


Input:
Instead of being broken
up into countless small groups and dispersed over a vast extent of
territory, the herd came together in a dense and confused mass of many
thousand individuals, so closely congregated as to actually blacken the
face of the landscape.

Output:
As if by a general and irresistible impulse,
every straggler would be drawn to the common center, and for miles on
every side of the great herd the country would be found entirely
deserted.


Input:
As if by a general and irresistible impulse,
every straggler would be drawn to the common center, and for miles on
every side of the great herd the country would be found entirely
deserted.

Output:
At this time the herd itself became a seething mass of activity and
excitement.


Input:
At this time the herd itself became a seething mass of activity and
excitement.

Output:
As usual under such conditions, the bulls were half the time
chasing the cows, and fighting each other during the other half.


Input:
As usual under such conditions, the bulls were half the time
chasing the cows, and fighting each other during the other half.

Output:
These
actual combats, which were always of short duration and over in a few
seconds after the actual collision took place, were preceded by the
usual threatening demonstrations, in which the bull lowers his head
until his nose almost touches the ground, roars like a fog-horn until
the earth seems to fairly tremble with the vibration, glares madly upon
his adversary with half-white eyeballs, and with his forefeet paws up
the dry earth and throws it upward in a great cloud of dust high above
his back.


Input:
These
actual combats, which were always of short duration and over in a few
seconds after the actual collision took place, were preceded by the
usual threatening demonstrations, in which the bull lowers his head
until his nose almost touches the ground, roars like a fog-horn until
the earth seems to fairly tremble with the vibration, glares madly upon
his adversary with half-white eyeballs, and with his forefeet paws up
the dry earth and throws it upward in a great cloud of dust high above
his back.

Output:
At such times the mingled roaring--it can not truthfully be
described as lowing or bellowing--of a number of huge bulls unite and
form a great volume of sound like distant thunder, which has often been
heard at a distance of from 1 to 3 miles.


Input:
At such times the mingled roaring--it can not truthfully be
described as lowing or bellowing--of a number of huge bulls unite and
form a great volume of sound like distant thunder, which has often been
heard at a distance of from 1 to 3 miles.

Output:
I have even been assured by
old plainsmen that under favorable atmospheric conditions such sounds
have been heard five miles.


Input:
I have even been assured by
old plainsmen that under favorable atmospheric conditions such sounds
have been heard five miles.

Output:
Notwithstanding the extreme frequency of combats between the bulls
during this season, their results were nearly always harmless, thanks to
the thickness of the hair and hide on the head and shoulders, and the
strength of the neck.


Input:
Notwithstanding the extreme frequency of combats between the bulls
during this season, their results were nearly always harmless, thanks to
the thickness of the hair and hide on the head and shoulders, and the
strength of the neck.

Output:
Under no conditions was there ever any such thing as the pairing off or
mating of male and female buffaloes for any length of time.


Input:
Under no conditions was there ever any such thing as the pairing off or
mating of male and female buffaloes for any length of time.

Output:
In the
entire process of reproduction the bison's habits were similar to those
of domestic cattle.


Input:
In the
entire process of reproduction the bison's habits were similar to those
of domestic cattle.

Output:
For years the opinion was held by many, in some
cases based on misinterpreted observations, that in the herd the
identity of each family was partially preserved, and that each old bull
maintained an individual harem and group of progeny of his own.


Input:
For years the opinion was held by many, in some
cases based on misinterpreted observations, that in the herd the
identity of each family was partially preserved, and that each old bull
maintained an individual harem and group of progeny of his own.

Output:
The
observations of Colonel Dodge completely disprove this very interesting
theory; for at best it was only a picturesque fancy, ascribing to the
bison a degree of intelligence which he never possessed.


Input:
The
observations of Colonel Dodge completely disprove this very interesting
theory; for at best it was only a picturesque fancy, ascribing to the
bison a degree of intelligence which he never possessed.

Output:
At the close of the breeding season the herd quickly settles down to its
normal condition.


Input:
At the close of the breeding season the herd quickly settles down to its
normal condition.

Output:
The mass gradually resolves itself into the numerous
bands or herdlets of from twenty to a hundred individuals, so
characteristic of bison on their feeding grounds, and these gradually
scatter in search of the best grass until the herd covers many square
miles of country.


Input:
The mass gradually resolves itself into the numerous
bands or herdlets of from twenty to a hundred individuals, so
characteristic of bison on their feeding grounds, and these gradually
scatter in search of the best grass until the herd covers many square
miles of country.

Output:
In his search for grass the buffalo displayed but little intelligence or
power of original thought.