--- license: cc-by-nc-4.0 task_categories: - text-to-image - image-to-text - text-retrieval language: - zh - en - ja - ru tags: - image-text retrieval - noisy correspondence learning - NCL-specific benchmark - realistic - industry - mobile user interface - image-text matching - image - text - npy - txt - json size_categories: - 100K **PC2: Pseudo-Classification Based Pseudo-Captioning for Noisy Correspondence Learning in Cross-Modal Retrieval** > **Authors**: **[Yue Duan](https://njuyued.github.io/)**, Zhangxuan Gu, Zhenzhe Ying, Lei Qi, Changhua Meng and Yinghuan Shi - **Quick links:** [[Code](https://github.com/alipay/PC2-NoiseofWeb) | [[PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01349)/[Abs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01349)-arXiv | [PDF](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664647.3680860)/[Abs](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3664647.3680860)-Published | [Video](https://dl.acm.org/doi/suppl/10.1145/3664647.3680860/suppl_file/648-video.mp4) | [Poster/Slides](https://github.com/NJUyued/Posters-Slides-Videos/tree/master/PC2-ACMMM'24) | [文章解读-知乎(Zhihu)](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/711149124) | [视频解读-bilibili](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zppMezEQe/) | [Dataset download](https://huggingface.co/datasets/NJUyued/NoW/resolve/main/NoW.zip?download=true)] - 📰 **Latest news:** - We provide a **video presentation (in chinese)** of this work on [bilibili](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zppMezEQe/). - We write a **detailed explanation (in chinese)** of this work on [Zhihu](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/711149124). - Our paper is accepted by **ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) 2024** 🎉🎉. Thanks to users. ## Data Collection We develop a new dataset named **Noise of Web (NoW)** for NCL. It contains **100K image-text pairs** consisting of **website images** and **multilingual website meta-descriptions** (**98,000 pairs for training, 1,000 for validation, and 1,000 for testing**). NoW has two main characteristics: *without human annotations and the noisy pairs are naturally captured*. The source image data of NoW is obtained by taking screenshots when accessing web pages on mobile user interface (MUI) with 720 X 1280 resolution, and we parse the meta-description field in the HTML source code as the captions. In [NCR](https://github.com/XLearning-SCU/2021-NeurIPS-NCR) (predecessor of NCL), each image in all datasets were preprocessed using Faster-RCNN detector provided by [Bottom-up Attention Model](https://github.com/peteanderson80/bottom-up-attention) to generate 36 region proposals, and each proposal was encoded as a 2048-dimensional feature. Thus, following NCR, we release our the features instead of raw images for fair comparison. However, we can not just use detection methods like Faster-RCNN to extract image features since it is trained on real-world animals and objects on MS-COCO. To tackle this, we adapt [APT](https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2023/papers/Gu_Mobile_User_Interface_Element_Detection_via_Adaptively_Prompt_Tuning_CVPR_2023_paper.pdf) as the detection model since it is trained on MUI data. Then, we capture the 768-dimensional features of top 36 objects for one image. Due to the automated and non-human curated data collection process, the noise in NoW is highly authentic and intrinsic. **The estimated noise ratio of this dataset is nearly 70%**.
## Data Structure ``` |-- h5100k_precomp | |-- dev_caps_bpe.txt | |-- dev_caps_bert.txt | |-- dev_caps_jieba.txt | |-- dev_ids.txt | |-- dev_ims.npy | |-- test_caps_bpe.txt | |-- test_caps_bert.txt | |-- test_caps_jieba.txt | |-- test_ids.txt | |-- test_ims.npy | |-- train_caps_bpe.txt | |-- train_caps_bert.txt | |-- train_caps_jieba.txt | |-- train_ids.txt | |-- train_ims.npy |-- vocab | |-- now100k_precomp_vocab_bert.json | |-- now100k_precomp_vocab_bpe.json | |-- now100k_precomp_vocab_jieba.json ``` Please note that since our raw data contains some sensitive business data, we only provide the **encoded image features** (\*_ims.npy) and the **token ids of the text tokenized**. For tokenizer, we provide [Tokenizers](https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers) with [BPE](https://huggingface.co/docs/tokenizers/api/models#tokenizers.models.BPE) to produce \*_caps_bpe.txt, [BertTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v3.0.2/model_doc/bert.html#berttokenizer) with [bert-base-multilingual-cased](https://huggingface.co/google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased) pre-trained model to produce \*_caps_bert.txt, and [Jieba](https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba) to produce \*_caps_jieba.txt. **Our vocabulary size of BPETokenizer is 10,000, while BertTokenizer and JiebaTokenizer have a vocabulary size of 32,702 and 56,271 respectively.** (recorded in now100k_precomp_vocab\_\*.txt). \*_ids.txt records the data indexs in the original 500k dataset. In the future, we may process and make the original dataset public. ## Usage ``` # data_path: your dataset name and path # data_split: {train,dev,test} # tokenizer: {bpe,bert,jieba} # vocabulary size of {bpe,bert,jieba} is {10000,32702,56271} # captions with open(os.path.join(data_path, "{}_caps_{}.txt".format(data_split, tokenizer))) as f: for line in f: captions.append(line.strip()) captions_token = [] for index in range(len(captions)): caption = captions[index] tokens = caption.split(',') caption = [] caption.append(vocab("")) caption.extend([int(token) for token in tokens if token]) caption.append(vocab("")) captions_token.append(caption) # images images = np.load(os.path.join(data_path, "%s_ims.npy" % data_split)) return captions_token, images ``` Additionally, you can search for code snippets containing the string `now100k_precomp` in `co_train.py`, `data.py`, `evaluation.py`, and `run.py` in [PC2's repo](https://github.com/alipay/PC2-NoiseofWeb) and refer to them to process the NoW dataset for use in your own code.